Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet SIGMA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The Earth possesses an internal magnetic field produced by convection movements occurring in the outer liquid metallic core of the planet, called dynamo. In order to understand how the Earth dynamo mechanisms work, it is required to understand how a planetary dynamo operates as a whole, from its birth to its demise. For this purpose, our inner Solar System provides a natural laboratory. Today, amongst all our companion telluric planets, only Mercury possesses a core magnetic field. Venus has no observable internal magnetic field, which is enigmatic. Crustal magnetic fields are observed at the surface of Mars and the Moon, which is indicative that these bodies likely had a dynamo in their history, but is no longer active. More importantly, these crustal fields hold fundamental information about the ancient core field, such as its morphology, intensity and temporal variation. By studying the crustal magnetic fields of other planetary bodies, such as Mercury, the Moon or Mars, where different dynamos might have operated, the dynamo processes themselves can be better understood. The SIGMA project targets to unveil crucial unanswered questions of the Earth global magnetic field evolution through an investigation of different planetary crustal anomalies using a novel methodology of surveys (developed by the host) and the generation of advanced models (expertise of the fellow candidate). The results will have an innovative impact in the imminent planetary exploration, where the candidate would be positioned as a senior and independent researcher with a profile comprising theoretical and experimental pioneering techniques.

Mots clés : planetary internal magnetism, spacecraft data processing, spacecraft data modeling, moon, mars

Participants :
- National Institute for Aerospace Technology (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 160932.48 €
Projet KinoRoot (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The Ecdysozoa includes animals with a hard cuticle. Besides the specious Arthropoda and Nematoda, it also nests minor groups like the Kinorhyncha and Priapulida. The Ecdysozoa accommodates more species than all other organism groups in total. Segmentation occurs in two ecdysozoan clades, Kinorhyncha and Arthropoda, and the project addresses the question whether ecdysozoans evolved from a segmented ancestor or if segmentation evolved twice within Ecdysozoa. Understanding ecdysozoan evolution, is understanding the early evolution of a majority of all living organisms. Through immunohistological morphological examinations of muscular and nervous systems in selected kinorhynchs, and Illumina RNAseq-based phylogenetic analyses, I wish to explore if segmentation, as broadly accepted, is a basal trait for all kinorhynchs. The results will allow us to infer if the ancestral kinorhynch was an unsegmented worm. This work has not previously been achievable due to the lack of a reliable kinorhynch phylogeny, and because the hard kinorhynch cuticle has hampered staining of muscular and nervous systems. However, after next generation sequencing techniques have enabled transcriptomic sequencing from even tiny animals, we are now able to produce an improved kinorhynch phylogeny. Furthermore, I have developed methods to overcome cuticular penetration problems, which makes me one of the very few researchers that can successfully carry out immunohistological studies on kinorhynchs. The project “KinoRoot” unites morphological studies with modern molecular sequencing methods, and builds a bridge between these two scientific fields. The expected outcome will not only apply to people with an interest in kinorhynch evolution. It will be relevant for conceptual morphologists working with segmentation across the animal kingdom, paleontologists working with early Cambrian evolution and in general everyone who has an interest in the early evolution of the large animal groups.

Mots clés : evolution, phylogeny, comparative morphology, metazoa

Participants :
- University of Copenhagen (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 200194.8 €
Projet VirtualPatients (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The European Commission estimates in the report "Patient Safety and Quality of Care" (2014)1 that each year 8 - 12% of hospitalized patients suffer from adverse events, including errors in diagnosis. One reason for the occurrence of such errors is a lack of clinical reasoning skills, a core competency that medical students have to learn during their studies (Norman 2005, Scott 2009). Clinical reasoning is often taught in face-to-face courses such as bedside-teaching, problem-based tutorials or during internships. Since the early nineties virtual patients (VPs) became more and more important in medical education to teach clinical reasoning skills (Cook 2009). The knowledge gap this project addresses was raised by Cook et al. (2009, 2010) and, until know, remains unaddressed. He concluded that there is no evidence how VP design variations influence clinical reasoning acquisition and that it is not fully understood how VPs teach clinical reasoning and how this process could be improved. Therefore, in this project research will be undertaken to develop and assess an effective clinical reasoning tool to be embedded into VPs, and create guidelines on how to implement the tool based on the outcomes of an interdisciplinary grounded theory approach. The success of the project builds on the applicant's strong expertise in creating, integrating, and researching VPs, as well as on her interdisciplinary background in medicine, medical education research, and computer science, which enables her to manage all aspects of the project. The project will have a major impact on the applicant's career development, enabling her to become an independent researcher and ultimately establish her own research group within the field of virtual patients. Such a detailed elaboration of clinical reasoning in VPs will improve students' diagnostic skills potentially leading to a reduction of diagnostic errors, avoiding unnecessary treatment and pain for patients and reducing healthcare costs.

Mots clés : medical education, virtual patients, clinical reasoning skills, e learning, teaching

Participants :
- Dartmouth College (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 199828.2 €
Projet EDENE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Cofund Doctoral programme
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The European Doctoral Programme in Energy and Environment (EDENE) is a multidisciplinary, intersectoral and international ambitious project over a 5 years duration offering a quality training to 30 international and highly skilled PhD Fellows in the field of Energy and Environment. Since the University of Pau and Pays de l’Adour (UPPA) obtained in 2017 the excellent label I-site (competitive Initiative Science/Innovation/Territories/Economy by the French Programme Investments for the Future) for its project Energy & Environment Solutions (E2S), UPPA’s priority is to develop international collaborations with targeted universities, to attract new talents, and to develop the international courses offer, mainly in Energy and Environment areas. Using its comparative plus points in terms of location (Pyrenean cross-border France/Spain region), UPPA developed cross-border collaborations and sound partnerships with international companies located in the south west region of France. EDENE was born from these collaborations and gathers leading expertise from a strong consortium: two universities (UPPA, University of Zaragoza), international companies (TOTAL, Enedis, Bertin, Teréga) competitive clusters (POLE AVENIA) and Technology Transfer Office (Aquitaine Science Transfert - AST). EDENE intends to address two major European Societal Challenges SC3 “Secure, clean and efficient energy” and SC5 “Climate action, environment, resource efficiency and raw materials”, by enabling promising Early Stage Researchers to achieve excellent research applied to energy and environment areas in mathematics, engineering, geosciences, aquatic environments, computer sciences, land development, treatment of economic data, or physical-chemistry.

Mots clés : energy, environment, mathematics, engineering, geosciences, computer sciences, physical chemistry, land development, economics

Participants :
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 2440800.0 €
Projet ProEMiBiL (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The European Union (EU) set-out an ambitious but achievable plan that by 2030 up to one-quarter of the total transport fuel demand should be met by clean and CO2-efficient biofuels to curb greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from fossil fuels and its impact on global climate change. The EU 2006 Biofuel policy has clearly stated that the search for alternative pathways for renewable energy sources will result in considerable growth in biofuel technologies and industry sectors in the coming years. Therefore, sustainable, energy efficient and innovative technologies are needed to produce biofuels from a wide range of raw materials feedstocks while adhering to the societal, economic and environmental norms of the EU. As an alternative to this conflict, the exploitation of new materials, such as residual biomass of lignocellulosic nature and aquatic (microalgae), can be an important strategy for the reconciliation of economic growth and environmental sustainability in the long term. Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) produced from agricultural and forestry residues including, among others, sugarcane bagasse have been considered as a generous source, which does not compete with food requirements and is one of the most abundant and promising biomass sources in the world, obtained from the processing of sugarcane. Microalgae are primitive plant organisms with no roots, stems or leaves, that can be found in all terrestrial ecosystems. Microalgal biomass is frequently rich in fatty acids, of which polyunsaturated fatty acids, carbohydrates, proteins, antioxidants, minerals, and vitamins such as riboflavin, thiamine, carotene and folic acid, among others are of high value. From the above, this project proposes the bioethanol production from a biomass mixture of the microalgae Chlorella zofingiensis and lignocellulosic hydrolysate sugarcane bagasse, focusing on the development of a fermentation technology to convert the pentoses and hexoses present in the biomass to bioethanol.

Mots clés : lignocellulosic sugarcane biomass hydrolysate, microalgae biomass, bioethanol production, bio refinary

Participants :
- Polytechnic Institute of Porto (Portugal) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 98507.52 €
Projet EURARCTIKA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The European Union in the Arctic (EURARCTIKA) research project’s objective is to investigate which legal and geopolitical instruments the EU could use in order to contribute to the protection of the Arctic environment. The timeliness of this issue is due to the fact that the Arctic is warming at a rate of almost twice the global average, which is making energy resources and transportation routes much more accessible while jeopardizing the environment at the same time. The EU is an important actor in the Arctic where it has geopolitical and economic interests. Additionally, the EU has a distinct negative impact on the Arctic environment with its greenhouse gases and black carbon emissions. For this reason, the EU should take responsibility for its impact on the Arctic and play a role in the protection of its environment. EURARCTIKA combines two branches of international studies (law and international relations). These latter analyse the same phenomenon from different perspectives that are however complementary offering a complete analysis of the object of study. EURARCTIKA will first analyse the main features of the Arctic legal regime for environmental protection and will identify its main strengths and weaknesses in order to evaluate its effectiveness. It will subsequently focus on the geopolitical and economic interests of the EU and of states in the region and the implications at the international level. Finally, the project will investigate the measures, the instruments, and the strategies that the EU can use to contribute to develop an effective environmental regime in the region in order to protect the Arctic environment. Through an extensive dissimination of the research results (open-access publications, a high-level conference, workshops participation and presentations), this research project will allow experts, academics and stakeholders to understand how the EU can contribute to the protection of the Arctic environment.

Mots clés : arctic, eu law, international law, geopolitics, environment, international relations

Participants :
- University of Amsterdam (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 175572.48 €
Projet THINKPV (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The European Union policy for climate and energy imposes significant targets for a high integration of renewable energy sources in the period from 2020 to 2030. System operators have to deal with operational flexibility to respond to variability and to uncertainty of the renewable generation, ensuring the network reliability and security. While significant efforts have been made into the developing accurate forecasts, much work remains to integrate the forecasting in the electric system operations. The successful incorporation of forecasts into grid operation emerges as an important challenge. Accurate photovoltaic (PV) generation forecasts are major themes of the research roadmap of many international task forces, as Smart Grids SRA 2035 to support the flexibility increasing of the power systems. In this context, the project aims to support large scale integration of PV systems in countries with a high solar resource and a significant potential of small capacity PV systems such as Greece. The Institute of Communication and Computer Systems (ICCS) is the most important Hellenic research institute, committed to support Hellenic Electricity Distribution Network Operator S.A. (HENDO) that is dealing with a radical modernization of the existing network. The THINKPV project encourages the ICCS and its industrial partners to facilitate PV grid integration by the development of a probabilistic forecasting system based on machine learning, taking advantage of data that can be measured in the distribution network, in order to improve forecast accuracy compared to the state of art. The model will be assembled into a solar power forecasting system that will be operational at the Electric Energy Systems Laboratory (EESL) of the ICCS to operate directly with tools for simulating power system operations. A prototype of operational solar forecasting systems will be demonstrated for HENDO, providing also a training program for its efficiency and correct application.

Mots clés : photovoltaic, grid connected pv system, solar power forecasting, renewable energy integration, distributed generation, machine learning

Participants :
- Institute of Communication and Computer Systems (Grèce) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 152653.2 €
Projet DISMAC-Y (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The Eurozone financial and economic crisis, Brexit, the rise of Euroscepticism, nationalist voices and populism, as well as the fall in public support for the European Union (EU) have brought concerns over European (dis)integration and Eurozone prospects to the top of the political agenda and academic discussions. DISMAC-Y places itself at the heart of these preoccupations and proposes to draw lessons from the process of political disintegration of Yugoslavia. This historicization of the European experience using a case study of a country that is known for its federalist-like state structures, complex multi-scalar governance, and uneven regional development, is a highly innovative research enterprise that fills the political economist and comparativist "blind spots" in the existing sholarship on Yugoslavia's breakup. The restructuring of Yugoslav monetary regime is taken as the entry point of the research that draws on newly available material resources and builds on original framework to explore disintegrative interactions between different actors and fields of Yugoslav economy in a historical political economy perspective. By providing a systemic study on the political and economic role of monetary regime in the period of macroeconomic crisis, DISMAC-Y makes the Yugoslav experience analytically comparable to other similar experiences of political (dis)integration, especially the European one. Hence, it considerably shifts the existing frontiers of the scholarship on Yugoslavia and deepens our understanding of the European integration and monetary experiences.

Mots clés : yugoslavia

Participants :
- University of Graz (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 174167.04 €
Projet F-ATPase (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The FOF1-ATPase is a complex nanomotor that synthesizes nearly 90% of the ATP made during cellular respiration. It consists of two coupled rotary motors: an integral membrane complex driven by proton flow across lipid bilayers (FO) and an enzymatic complex that converts ADP and inorganic phosphate to ATP (F1). The rotational portion of these motors acts as a camshaft, inducing conformational changes that lead to ATP synthesis in the F1 motor’s three functional catalytic sites. The F1 motor can perform ATP synthesis in the absence of FO, and it can also work in reverse, hydrolyzing ATP to pump protons against an established gradient. Over the last 30 years many important aspects of this motor’s function have been elucidated by careful biochemical work and further understood by clever biophysical experiments. However, there is still not a complete, quantitative description of the whole thermodynamic cycle—one that fully describes the interactions between all three separate catalytic sites and accounts for the need to exchange ATP (found abundantly) for the relatively sparse ADP.

Mots clés : atp synthase, atp synthesis, free energy, energy production

Participants :
- Max Planck Society (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 171460.8 €
Projet FastFlowSim (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Mathematics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The FastFlowSim project’s aim is to develop a fast and accurate particle-based time integrator for the simulation of incompressible flows. The developments will be done within the framework of the particle finite element method and using a semi-Lagrangian semi-implicit formulation of the flow equations. The principal strategy used to attain a faster method is to push further the stability limit of the time integrator which allows us to take larger time steps without deteriorating the accuracy. Following this line, we present a new concept: the fluid particle position and velocity are integrated within a time step using analytical solutions to an explicit second-order system of differential equations for the acceleration. Our hypothesis is that the trajectories computed in this manner approximate better the exact pathlines. It is expected to provide better stability and accuracy when using large time steps. The analytical solution of the particle trajectories involves computing certain small and fixed-size matrix functions. The development of numerically stable algorithms for the robust computation these matrix functions is a specific objective. Prof. Higham is an expert in this highly specialized area and my knowledge of matrix functions and error analysis will be significantly expanded and enriched during the implementation of this project. This project will serve as a mechanism for the host to demonstrate cross-disciplinary impact of the research on the theory of matrix functions. The end users are CFD engineers who assist product-design engineers working in but not limited to offshore technologies, sea defence structures and sea-worthiness analysis of watercrafts. It will provide them deeper insight into the performance of innovative product designs at a faster rate. Further, it will widen the scope and suitability of incompressible flow simulation tools to a larger set of cutting-edge technology products subjected to challenging physical conditions.

Mots clés : functions of matrices, numerically stable formulas, particle finite element method, fixed mesh, lagrangian formulations, semi lagrangian semi implicit time integrators, incompressible flows

Participants :
- University of Manchester (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €