Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet INDRO (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Droughts affect most parts of the world. According to the recent previsions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change1 (IPCC), more frequent and severe droughts are expected. This observation makes it a priority to improve the existing methods of monitoring droughts and their impact on terrestrial ecosystems. Early warning systems need to be developed. Remote sensing (RS) technologies are well-placed to provide such monitoring. Thanks to RS, droughts can be monitored at large scale and at short time resolution (e.g., daily). The proposed project “INDRO” will focus on the definition of new RS-based indicators able to monitor vegetation status and how it is responding to drought. For example, the RS indicators implemented at the moment within the European Drought Observatory (EDO) early monitor system are not sensitive to rapid changes in plant photosynthesis since these indicators have no direct link to plant photosynthetic functioning. The project will analyse the relationships between ecophysiological variables, light use activity (LUE) and existing RS indicators calculated with the data from several satellite sensors. This analysis will reveal which sensors, and which spatial and temporal resolutions are best at quantifying drought. A new generation of RS indicators will be developed to give a better description of plant photosynthetic functioning in drought conditions. The project will map these new indicators for southern Europe to identify the areas affected by drought. Overall, the creation of new RS drought indicators, and the better definition of drought events they bring, will help the development of ecological models and early warning systems, and underpin new avenues for the improvement of national and international drought mitigation and adaptation strategies.

Mots clés : drought monitoring  ecosystem productivity  light use efficency  early warming systems

Participants :
- CERCA Institution (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 170121.6 €
Projet BEAMED (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Drug and alcohol addiction cause a significant social and economic burden globally. Adequate diagnosis and treatment by general practitioners fails, in part due to a lack of knowledge and accredited training in addiction medicine. In Ireland, the training of general practitioners in identifying and treating addiction is lacking. Internationally, a number of initiatives to address this challenge have emerged, including a specialised training programme in Canada (www.addictionmedicinefellowship.org). To build on these initiatives, the goal of this project is to establish the feasibility and acceptability of training primary care practitioners in addiction medicine, and, in particular, how international models of addiction medicine training might inform the future development of general practice education in Ireland. Specifically, the proposed fellowship seeks to increase incorporation of new understandings about addictive disorders from multiple disciplines into undergraduate and postgraduate medical curricula. The disciplines include public health, general practice, psychiatry and health services research. The programme will involve three phases: 1. the outgoing phase will study the Canadian addiction medicine fellowship and its rigorous evaluation strategy: a Novel Evaluation of the Fellowship in Addiction Research (NEAR). 2. The transition phase will consult the experts and assess educational needs in both systems. 3. The re-entry phase will use the knowledge from Canada and educational needs assessments to develop and pilot-test a multidisciplinary translational environment focused on increasing knowledge of the prevention and treatment of drug and alcohol addiction by general practitioners. This proposal improves addiction education for doctors and responds directly to the ERA priorities “Excellent Science, Health, Demographic Change and Wellbeing”, specifically “improve ability to monitor health and to prevent, detect, treat and manage disease”.

Mots clés : primary care, addiction, teaching and learning, health services, health care research

Participants :
- National University of Ireland (Irlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 251555.4 €
- University of British Columbia (Canada) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet MITHAML (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : TERMINATED

Drug resistance is a major barrier in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) for which prognosis remains unfavorable. We and others have shown the importance of metabolism in the response to therapies in AML, leading to the development of several drugs targeting mitochondrial functions such as BCL2 inhibitor Venetoclax or Electron Transfer Chain Complex I inhibitor IACS-010759. Tumors are composed of genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous cell populations, not all cells being equal in their ability to respond to treatment. Tremendous advances in single-cell technologies like mass cytometry (CyTOF) have demonstrated a fantastic potential to decipher this phenotypic and signaling heterogeneity. However, metabolic features are mostly measured in bulk, impeding the assessment of the metabolic cellular heterogeneity. We propose to investigate the role of metabolic intratumoral heterogeneity in AML at diagnosis and after new drugs in vivo through 2 aims. First we will determine the relationship between metabolic, signaling and developmental states in healthy and leukemic myeloid bone marrow cells and its link with chemoresistance (Aim 1). Then we will focus on the impact of Venetoclax and IACS on MITH in vivo using patient-derived xenograft mice models to identify specific features related to resistance to these drugs that we will finally therapeutically target with new combinations in vivo (Aim 2). The skills of the experienced researcher (ER) on metabolism and omic technologies and the complementary expertise of the 2 laboratories are key for the success of MITHAML. Indeed, the ER will be trained for 2 years in Dr Davis’s lab (Stanford University, USA), highly recognized in the study of intratumoral heterogeneity especially with CyTOF. She will then bring back these skills in Dr Sarry’s lab (Inserm, France), expert in in vivo AML resistance. This fellowship will be key to help the ER develop the scientific, technological and management skills required for her independence.

Mots clés : mass cytometry, single cell, metabolic heterogeneity, mitochondria

Participants :
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 257619.84 €
- Stanford University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet MONSTAA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Due to increasing environmental and economic pressures, there is a need to develop more efficient and sustainable food, feed and fuel production systems. Microalgae have substantial potential as single-cell molecular factories for producing high quality lipids, proteins and carbohydrates. They are capable of faster growth rates than crop plants and synthesize valuable metabolites that do not occur naturally in other primary producers. However, a major bottleneck that currently limits widespread microalgae production are the low yields achieved by commercial strains in cold climates. This project will develop new varieties of microalgae isolated from Arctic and Antarctic environments for applied bioprocesses. The work will include studying the metabolism of novel microalgae in low temperature bioreactors using functional genomics. The researcher will spend the outgoing phase at an established microalgae metabolism laboratory in the USA, where complete and very high quality training will be given in cutting-edge Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology. Genomic and transcriptomic work will be paired with metabolomics to give new insights into the regulation of metabolism in non-model microalgae species. The research will also include integrating data together into metabolic flux model frameworks. The major research outcomes will be (1) Genome-scale characterization of brand-new varieties of microalgae (2) Development of novel microalgae bioprocesses for high yields of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates in cold climates (3) Predictive metabolic models for maximizing yields of products of interest in non-model varieties of microalgae. In addition, comprehensive work and dissemination plans are presented that will target scientists, industry and the public.

Mots clés : microalgae photobioreactor, food, feed, functional genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, metabolic networks, biofuel, arctic bioscience, aquaculture

Participants :
- Colorado School of Mines (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Nord University (Norvège) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 231642.2 €
Projet SUBSLIDE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Due to significant expansion of offshore structures in Europe, estimating potential submarine slides is important for the safe design of offshore structures so that they can withstand the impact of landslides. However, state-of-the-art submarine landslide modelling (a) fails to understand the triggering mechanism involving pore pressure development; (b) are unable to account for complex sediment properties; and (c) cannot quantify accurately impact forces of submarine slides on offshore structures. This poses a grand challenge: to simulate the entire process of submarine slides considering the complex interaction among saturated sediment, seawater, and offshore structures. To address this challenge, SUBSLIDE aims to develop a novel soil-fluid-structure interaction model capable of handling critical-state soil mechanics (saturated sediments), fluid mechanics (seawater), and solid mechanics (structures) in a unified manner. I will implement the formulation using the Material Point Method, an advanced numerical method for modelling extremely large deformation of materials in the high-performance Uintah computing framework. The expected outcome is a novel tool for simulating the full process of submarine slides to understand their full mechanisms and estimating impact forces on offshore structures. SUBSLIDE combines my expertise in computational mechanics, the expertise of the host institution in constitutive soil modelling, and the expertise of the secondment host in the measurement and analysis of landslides. The results will constitute a scientific breakthrough in submarine landslide modelling. Also, SUBSLIDE will assist the Norwegian Public Road Administration in predicting the potential submarine landslides through dissemination and exploitation activities. The fellowship will accelerate my academia career, establish my research independence and facilitate new collaborations for building a research group renowned for state-of-the-art computational geomechanics.

Mots clés : material point method, soil water structure interaction, submarine landslides, impact force prediction

Participants :
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (Norvège) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 214158.72 €
Projet SICIS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Due to the broadcast nature of transmission in the air, wireless communications are particularly vulnerable to security threats. Being an emerging wireless communication technology, intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is able to achieve fine-grained passive reflect beamforming to constructively enhance the desired signal power at legitimate users and destructively deteriorate the reception at eavesdroppers. Therefore, IRS represents an excellent opportunity to enhance the secrecy performance of wireless communications in indoor environments, where over 80% of wireless traffic takes place. In order to achieve the full potential of IRS for secure indoor communications, breakthroughs in the fundamental theory and key techniques for IRS-aided secure indoor communications are urgently needed, including 1) channel estimation and MIMO channel modelling for indoor environments in presence of IRS; 2) joint beamforming design at both transmit antennas and IRS to maximise the secrecy performance; and 3) performance evaluation and optimisation of key parameters of IRS for secure indoor communications at a system level. In this project, we aim to make breakthroughs in these directions and bring the benefits of secure indoor wireless communications empowered by IRS to billions of users (people and things).

Mots clés : secure wireless communications, physical layer security, intelligent reflecting surface

Participants :
- University of Sheffield (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 224933.76 €
Projet SYSTEMIC-RF (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Due to the constant need for connectivity, radio-frequency (RF) circuits will be of upmost importance in applications developed for the Internet of Things (IoT), the fifth-generation (5G) broadband technology and electronic health (eHealth) monitoring. However, the design of RF circuits in nanometric technologies for IoT/5G/eHealth applications is becoming extraordinarily difficult due to the high complexity and demanding performances of such circuits/systems. The need for high performance, low power, low voltage and low area circuits is immense and traditional design methodologies based on iterative, mostly manual, processes are unable to meet such challenges. Consequently, current EDA tools are getting out-of-date because they were developed to support that kind of traditional methodologies. Also, the short time-to-market demanded by nowadays IoT/5G/eHealth applications is creating a design gap, thus leading to a productivity decrease in the deployment of such IoT/5G/eHealth applications. In this framework, the focus of the SYSTEMIC-RF (Automated synthesis methodology for reliable RF integrated circuits) project is to develop a new design methodology that allows optimization-based synthesis approaches of RF circuits, where the circuit sizing and layout are treated in a complete and automated integrated fashion, in order to achieve fully optimal designs in much shorter times than traditional approaches. Moreover, the methodology will also take into account circuits' and systems' time-zero and time-dependent variability, and will be integrated in a state-of-the-art EDA tool in order to ease its usability. This EDA tool will definitely help RF designers to meet the very demanding specifications of IoT/5G/eHealth applications in a reasonable time.

Mots clés : radio frequency circuits, circuit design, cmos, low power, variability, surrogate modeling, machine, learning, design methodologies, synthesis methodologies, automated design, ehealth

Participants :
- Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 147815.04 €
Projet URBANCO2FLUX (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Due to the offsetting effect of the urban biosphere resulting from the photosynthetic uptake of CO2 by plants that are often well watered and fertilized, the precise impact of urban emissions on the global burden of GHGs is challenging to quantify. Green-space initiatives that increase the vegetative coverage of the landscape, and therefore the productivity of the urban ecosystem for sequestration of CO2 are often proposed as GHG reducing strategies, despite there being very little quantitative evidence for the effectiveness or efficiency of such strategies. Uncertainty in the time scales for respiration of carbon previously taken up through photosynthesis obscures the picture even further. Meanwhile, as the modern urban landscape is continually evolving, with green spaces and parks becoming a more integral component and with suburbs expanding outward from city centers into previously rural, agricultural, and natural areas, it is apparent that we lack the scientific understanding of how best to implement planning strategies that minimize the impact of such changes on climate. I have expertise in urban metabolism and quantifying carbon footprint at city level, however I lack the scientific knowledge required to understand and quantify the impact of the (urban) biosphere on the net flux of CO2 from cities into the atmosphere. UC Merced, presently leading a 4-yr NSF project in atmospheric modeling of COS to understand carbon cycle processes in urban ecosystems, provides the ideal training ground for me to gain the skills necessary to reach excellence in this multi-disciplinary effort to making our cities more sustainable. The project aims to answer the following questions: • What is the global impact of urban/suburban ecosystems on atmospheric CO2? • How will future shifts in land-use types and management practices in densely populated areas influence surface atmosphere fluxes of CO2?

Mots clés : urban biosphere, inverse cos modeling, urban co2 fluxes

Participants :
- Autonomous University of Barcelona (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 257191.2 €
- University of California System (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet NoCut (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Duplication of the genome and its division into two daughter cells during mitosis is vital for survival of the organism. Cells have multiple mechanisms to ensure that this process is accomplished correctly thereby preserving the integrity of the genome. The final check before cell division is made by the NoCut abscission pathway. In yeast and animal cells, this mechanism monitors completion of chromosome separation, delaying abscission when chromosome bridges spanning the division site are detected. Aurora B is essential for NoCut function, and several of its targets in this pathway have been identified. In budding yeast, NoCut can be triggered by bridges caused by defects in chromosome condensation, decatenation and replication but importantly not by dicentric chromosome bridges. This suggests that structural features of chromatin bridges are essential to generate the NoCut signal. We will investigate the molecular basis of this differential bridge recognition and the signalling pathway acting upstream of Aurora B. We will define the composition of fine and ultra-fine chromatin bridges during cytokinesis in human cells at unprecedented resolution by super-resolution microscopy using dSTORM imaging. In parallel, we will use budding yeast to investigate the role of DNA binding proteins as sensors in the NoCut pathway. We will then establish the significance of these findings in human cells, by assaying the function of putative homologs in NoCut, and their localization in chromatin bridges by dSTORM. By combining approaches in two model systems we will define both the molecular and physical constrains for NoCut activation upstream of the established components of the NoCut pathway. Chromosome instability is associated with many human tumours and in some cases with advanced disease making the detailed characterization of this pathway relevant in our understanding of both basic cellular processes and human disease.

Mots clés : cytokinesis, chromosome segregation

Participants :
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 158121.6 €
Projet SMR (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

During a seismic-geodynamic process, frictional heating and pressure are generated on sediments fragments resulting in deformation and alteration of minerals contained in them. The luminescence signal enclosed in minerals crystal lattice can be affected and even zeroed during such an event. This has been breakthrough in geochronological studies as it could be utilized as a chronometer for the previous seismic activity of a tectonically active area. Although the employment of luminescence dating has in some cases been successfully described, a comprehensive study outlining and defining protocols for routine luminescence dating applied to neotectonic studies has not been forthcoming. This is due to the fact that the required resetting mechanism of minerals luminescence signal under the influence of friction caused by the relative motion of a fault has been poorly investigated. The proposed project is the experimental investigation, recording and parameterization of the effects of tectonic phenomena on minerals luminescence signal and the development of detailed protocols for the standardization of the luminescence methodology for directly dating deformed geological formations, so that the long-term temporal behaviour of seismically active faults could be reasonably understood and modeled. This will be achieved by: a) identifying and proposing brittle fault zone materials suitable for luminescence dating using a multi-analytical approach which combines Petrological, Mineralogical and Chemical analyses, b) investigating the “zeroing” potential of the luminescence signal of minerals contained in fault zone materials by employing experimental simulations of tectonic processes in the laboratory, combined with luminescence measurements on samples collected from real fault zones (not subject to laboratory simulations). The proposed project will provide new tools for geo-hazards evaluations, adding to the efforts for “Securing societies” and contributing to EU sustainability.

Mots clés : geochronology, luminescence dating, seismology

Participants :
- National Centre of Scientific Research "Demokritos" (Grèce) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 254871.0 €
- Kyoto University (Japon) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €