Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet BTMG (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Mathematics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

We propose major advances in several fundamental questions of algebraic geometry, centering around the invariants of varieties, that we will attack on two fronts. One direction considers birational invariants and rationality properties. The other studies deformation properties of varieties, especially in terms of curve-counting invariants. Accordingly, we divide the material into three main projects. In the first, we will prove rationality theorems for many new birational quotients obtained via divided powers. The second project sets up a novel method of counting tropical curves, that will lead to results on tropical correspondences. Our third project extends the ideas of the second, proving deep enumerative results in log geometry; we expect this to provide a state-of-the-art enumerative interpretation of the divisor-line bundle equivalence in log tropical terms. The University of Warwick is the ideal venue for this research. The PI will benefit from the extensive experience of Miles Reid and Christian Böhning, world experts in birational geometry and the modern study of rationality questions, and from collaboration with Diane Maclagan, an acknowledged authority in tropical geometry.

Mots clés : birational geometry, tropical geometry, log geometry, rational varieties, gromov witten theory, bps state counts, donaldson thomas theory, quiver representations

Participants :
- University of Warwick (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet MPerS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

We propose to create and investigate new types of organic-inorganic perovskite materials for low-cost solar cells. The state-of-the-art perovskite based solar cells employ MAPbI3, which has raised concerns over the potential toxicity of Pb. The strategy of the MPerS project is to create, investigate and optimise sustainable perovskite materials for solar cell application. More than one types of metal and organic ions will be introduced in the perovskite structure to realize layered materials which are expected to exhibit both excitonic and free carrier behavior with enhanced stability. Thin films of the new materials will be characterized using several techniques, e.g. Xray diffraction. THz, Time resolved emission spectroscopies, EBIC will be used to understand the generation and dynamics of charge carriers in the materials and across interfaces. Development of solar cells will be carried out with an aim to reach 15% power conversion efficiency employing a non-toxic absorber. This highly interdisciplinary project that spans the field of chemistry, condensed matter physics, electronics and engineering is conceived on basis of the combined expertise of the host and the applicant and state-of-the-art infrastructure at the UOXF. A secondment at Oxford PV will test the commercial viability of the project. This project addresses Horizon 2020’s goals on clean and sustainable energy and the EU’s concern on toxicology of Pb . Completion of the project will open up new areas in low-cost electronic materials with wider impact and improve EU’s competitiveness in materials research. While the applicant will get an opportunity to learn new experimental skills in condensed matter physics and spectroscopy and benefit from industrial exposure. UOXF will benefit from the applicant by using his skills and broader broader collaboration with leading researchers in materials science. A plan is also proposed to carry out public engagement, dissemination and commercial exploitation.

Mots clés : perovskite, sustainble lowcost solar cell

Participants :
- University of Oxford (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet QCNGas (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

We propose to design a new insert with a sample-holder and investigate quantum aspects of flow (gas) conductance as a function of temperature (T) down to 4K by exploiting de Broglie wavelength for neutral helium (He) atoms through an atomically-flat rectangular graphene nanochannel in a molecular flow regime. By confining the vertical length of the transport channel and tuning the associated de Broglie wavelength (with T), the realization of the quantum limited conductance for He gas flow, similar to the observed quantum signatures of conductance for electrons, seems to be truly within the experimental reach. The behaviour of the wall switches over to more rigid (lowering atomic vibrations) from flexible one at room T which not only enhances the specular reflection but also the phase coherence of the associated de Broglie wavelength. We will investigate the transport properties using layered materials from transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) family to induce ballistic transport from the diffusive transport regime at room T via Laser-irradiation and chemical roots which will heal the defects in TMDs at atomic scale. Our investigations will help in search of more materials to have the ballistic transport around room T. Our focus will not only be on the enhanced flow due to quantum effects but also the understanding from fundamental physics point of view as well as exploring in broader perspective. The strategy of the project is to design a setup for low-T, making state-of-the-art devices, investigate the quantum signatures of conductance of nanoscale channels and address various important issues. Completion of the multidisciplinary project will open up a new era where various novel intriguing physics need to be explored further, understanding of quantum gas transport will boost many biomedical and industrial applications, next generation devices using gas sensors and properties of thermal transport exploited to extract heat will be tuned with enhanced performance.

Mots clés : rarefied gas dynamics, molecular transport, knudsen flow regime, specular reflection, nanoscale gas flow

Participants :
- University of Manchester (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet QMBDyn (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

We will study dynamical phenomena in strongly interacting quantum systems, which currently receive increased attention due to recent experimental, numerical and theoretical breakthroughs. Our research will push the limits of the state of the art of numerical simulations in this context by bringing together experts (the ER and the host group) on different aspects of this topic in an outstanding research environment in Munich with an excellent infrastructure and a clustering of theoretical and experimental groups with the potential to world class collaborations. Our research will gravitate around the important question of the mechanism of thermalization (and its absence) in isolated quantum systems and tackle outstanding questions, such as the existence of many-body localization (MBL) in higher dimensions and the nature of anomalous thermalization in subdiffusive systems. The focus of this project is the study of the MBL transition, which is a dynamical phase transition driven by disorder, separating disordered correlated systems in a thermal, metallic phase and a localized, insulating and non-ergodic phase, depending on the strength of the disorder. Our detailed numerical transition will help to obtain a deeper understanding of the MBL transition and of states with localization protected quantum order. We will also study systems with time dependent Hamiltonians, most importantly those with a periodic time dependence (Floquet systems), which have been shown to exhibit fascinating phenomena such as a spontaneous breaking of time translation symmetry in Floquet time crystals and will aim to discover new types of time order in these systems. The timeliness and expected outstanding quality of our results will establish the ER as a leader in the field of numerical studies of dynamical strongly correlated systems and the environment in Munich will make him highly visible in an international context, greatly enhancing his leadership skills and career perspective.

Mots clés : many body localization  mbl, eigenstate thermalization hypothesis  eth, floquet, driven quantum systems, dmrg, matrix product states  mps, exact diagonalization, quantum monte carlo, nonequilibrium

Participants :
- Technical University of Munich (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 171460.8 €
Projet WEAN-IT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Weaning age directly reflects the way infants are cared for within a human society. It is linked to female fertility, maternal and non-maternal care strategies, social stratification, infant growth and even adult heath. Yet, we know almost nothing about the way weaning age developed during recent human evolution. This project focuses on a critical period in human evolution in Italy that led to major socio-economic changes as Neolithic farming economies gave way to the first cities. The goal in this project is to reconstruct weaning age in extensive collections of human skeletons that span these periods of transitions. I will integrate microstructural, histological and chemical signals of weaning in bones and teeth. Using recently developed cutting edge methodology I will determine for the first time if weaning age differed between the sexes. I will use this information to re-assess existing ideas and hypotheses about the biocultural consequences accompanying the Neolithic revolution and the origins of urbanism to bring a new understanding to this debate. This project adds value and competitiveness to the bioarchaeological research landscape in Europe, thanks to its innovative multi-methodological approach. Not only will my project be of interest to a broad range of academics within the social sciences but it can inform present day public health policy as I will directly measure the effect of weaning on bone growth. Results will be published in high-impact scientific journals and presented at international conferences. Particular attention will be dedicated to dissemination through the media to reach a broader non-academic audience.

Mots clés : weaning, neolithic transition, urbanism, diet and growth, dental histology, bone histology, enamel elemental composition

Participants :
- University of Kent (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 224933.76 €
Projet UCUPA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

What defines the functional specialization of a cell is its unique proteome. Proteins need to be translated and properly folded to ensure their biological function. Several protein quality control pathways have arisen during evolution, some of them specialized in monitoring protein folding in specific organelles . As a result of ageing, animals lose their ability to protect their proteome, leading to the accumulation of protein aggregates and the onset of age-related disorders. The Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is a central protein quality control mechanism that declines with ageing. This project will use the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model to understand age-related proteostasis dysfunction. C. elegans offer many advantages over the use of vertebrate models, such as its short lifespan of about two weeks, reduced costs, and fewer ethical issues. We will focus on the UPR pathway, as changes in this pathway have already been implicated in the ageing process itself and in the onset of age-related disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease. We propose to use CRISPR genome editing to create C. elegans transgenic reporter strains that enable us to track the activity of different UPR signalling molecules using microscopy and molecular biology techniques. We will monitor two central steps of the IRE-1/XBP-1 UPR pathway (1) the activation of the transmembrane sensor protein IRE-1 and (2) the biogenesis of the transcription factor XBP-1s. After age-related changes have been identified, we will use mutagenesis-based screening assays to screen for novel interventions that prevent UPR pathway shutdown. This research will contribute to a better understanding of why ageing occurs, as well as suggesting new therapeutic avenues for age-related disorders. This proposal will also be instrumental for the development and transference of new skills between the host and the applicant that will lead me towards independence.

Mots clés : c  elegans, er stress, ageing, proteostasis

Participants :
- UK Research and Innovation (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet Enduring We (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

What does it mean to feel, act, and think as member of a we in times of cultural upheaval and uncertainty, physical distancing and social isolation? In the aftermath of a pandemic crisis with its consequent confinement, a renewed critical reflection on how to maintain the social ties that bind us together is of urgent societal and political significance. As the first multi-level approach to the topic, this project aims to develop a novel theoretical framework to account for the constitution of configurations of the “we” that go beyond the here and now and involve the plural position of you and they. Proceeding from the working hypothesis that in order to meet this goal one need to shift the theoretical focus from the “You” to the “Third” that is to say, from dyadic face-to-face (immediate) relations of reciprocity between I and You, to ternary relations of "mediated reciprocity", involving the figure and the functions of a “third party”, the project will integrate hitherto unrelated phenomenological investigations on the “we” with current social theories on the roles of the “third” in the social sciences. It will also combine theoretical work with the analysis of two very telling case studies and historical examples. In so doing, it will break new ground by elaborating a particular aspect of the relation between the we, the inter-subjective dyad (I-you), and the third and offer a new phenomenological paradigm to account for the complexity of the social relation involved in enduring and normatively mediated configurations of the “we” that is, at the same time, an innovative way of conceiving the “we” in view of the ethical and political stakes it entails and a renovated approach to political questions related to the constitution of shared identities. The project will also explore the implications of this new paradigm in the political field for addressing the question of how we are to cultivate a sense of shared identity (European identity) despite separatist drifts.

Mots clés : social phenomenology, we perspective, group identification, collective identities, social ontology, the relation between the we, the i you dyad and the third party, social sciences

Participants :
- École normale supérieure PSL (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 184707.84 €
Projet PiQ (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

What does the Qur’ān say about poverty? Is poverty caused by divine will and thus inevitable? Is it a punishment, a trial, or a sign of divine favour? Who are the poor, what is their position in the society, and how should they be treated? What is the relation between poverty and moral virtue? These questions occupied medieval Muslim thinkers and re-emerged in contemporary discussions among scholars, Muslim intellectuals, and the wider public on Islamic economic ethics, poverty alleviation, social justice, and development in Muslim societies. Yet, historical research on poverty in the Qur’ān is scarce. This project approaches the question of poverty in the Qur’ān from the reception history perspective. In contrast to previous research which focused on the Qur’ānic ‘view’ on poverty, it explores the dynamic tradition of reading poverty in the Qur’ān in medieval Muslim societies, covering the period from the 8th to the 13th centuries CE. Based on a large corpus of medieval Arabo-Islamic sources, both editions and manuscripts, it aims to reconstruct the history of interpretation of Qur’ānic verses on poverty and to examine their use in poverty-related discourses (e.g. theological, ethical, juridical) and practices (e.g. rituals of protection from poverty, disputations). Offering the first systematic study on this subject, the project will make a contribution to the study of medieval Islamic ideas and attitudes to poverty and poverty-related practices, and shed light on the role of the Qur’ān in shaping them. The project will result in the publication of two articles in peer-reviewed journals, an initial draft of a monograph on poverty and the Qur’ān, and a catalogue of the Qur’ānic verses used in poverty-related contexts which will be made fully accessible to specialist and non-specialist audiences through open access digital resources.

Mots clés : qur an, reception of the qur an, qur anic exegesis  tafsir, qur anic studies, islamic studies, poverty, in medieval muslim societies, history of religion

Participants :
- University of Oxford (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet CoLiDR (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

What happens when two lasers are sent in counterpropagating directions through a medium? Surprisingly, this question has only attracted limited attention in the past. However, the nonlinear interaction of counterpropagating light in resonators has fascinating implications. One effect that we recently discovered is the spontaneous symmetry breaking and optically induced nonreciprocity of counter-propagating optical modes. This symmetry breaking manifests itself in a remarkable effect: light of the same frequency and power can enter a microresonator in one direction but not in the other. The fundamental nature of such a broken symmetry could impact science far beyond optical physics. This proposal aims to exploit this discovery for novel types of photonic elements. Work package (A) addresses an urgently needed photonic element: the integrated optical diode (or isolator). Currently, such devices rely on magneto-optical effects that make it impossible to integrate them into chip-based photonic circuits. The use of Kerr-nonlinearity induced symmetry breaking in a simple microring resonator is a promising route towards a novel class of nonreciprocal integrated optical devices. Work package (B) addresses research on nonlinear-enhanced optical gyroscopes. Currently the best gyroscopes are based on ring lasers that cannot be further miniaturized because their sensitivity scales with their size. The symmetry breaking of counter-propagating light in a microresonator has the potential to overcome this limitation and to realize microphotonic gyroscopes with unprecedented sensitivities. The final work package (C) will investigate the nonlinear interaction of counter-propagating light for optical switching and optical memories. We believe that this proposal on optical nonreciprocity and spontaneous symmetry breaking of counterpropagating light will lead to a variety of fascinating developments both in fundamental science and for the next generation of integrated photonic devices.

Mots clés : microresonators, nonlinear optics, symmetry breaking, laser, standing waves, four wave mixing, kerr effect, ultra high q, optical frequency combs

Participants :
- National Physical Laboratory (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet CLH (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

What is comparative legal history? This research aims to show that to understand the rise of this field of inquiry we need first to clarify how historiography changes in time. To this purpose, the proposed research begins from two main ideas. First, the writing of legal history is deeply intertwined with an image of law which tells us what is law, how it is created and by whom. This is in fact the premise for doing legal history, as it determines the object of investigation. Secondly, the decades 1930-60 saw a profound turn in European legal science. Some legal scholars challenged the legacy received from the 19th century and launched an attack on the ‘formalism’ at the heart of its intellectual framework. Those path-breaking insights gave life to a wave of works self-styled as comparative legal history published in the period 1930-60. Some of the innovative ideas that have fuelled original research in the last decades, and which today are shared as an obvious truth — e.g. to place law in context, to think outside the doctrinal box, the dislike of abstract theorising — are the fruit of the antiformalist turn of the 1930-60. The exponential growth this field had in the last two or three decades both in research and education urges to clarify its nature and purpose.

Mots clés : rethinking legal history, opening the gates of the law, legal historiography, legal education

Participants :
- University of Helsinki (Finlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 191325.6 €