Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet SPELLFLICT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project will produce a descriptive model of orthographic controversies of four newly standardized South Slavonic languages since the 1990s, which will take into account other European languages with recent history of spelling reforms/changes. It is the first interdisciplinary and multiple comparative study, integrating top-down and bottom-up analysis of language standardization. It will provide a model for future studies and so launch me as a world-leader in sociolinguistics and language policy & planning of spelling codification. Since the beginning of mass education, standard languages have been undergoing spelling reforms/changes producing conflicts to a greater or lesser extent. The most recent were in Czech, Dutch, French, German and Portuguese in the 1990s. The conflicts related to writing among South Slavs have a long history that continues even today, causing discrimination and violence. In the last decade, 3 spelling reforms occurred (Montenegrin 2009, Croatian 2013, Bosnian 2018), creating (inter)national spelling conflicts, which gives an excellent comparative frame and timely opportunity for this study. My experience as a practicing Croatian orthographer has given me first-hand insights in the complexity of language codification. To understand better the relation between spelling and identity and to mitigate future conflicts, this study takes a comprehensive comparative approach that combines analysis of: A. speakers’ attitudes, B. media coverage (a discourse, argument and metaphor analysis of the relevant articles), C. the methodology and process of orthographic codification and D. socio-political context (stakeholders, legislation and procedures in a context).


Participants :
- University of Nottingham (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 224933.76 €
Projet ICONOPHILIA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project will specifically focus firstly on the development and dissemination of the theological matters that affected the policies of the Roman Catholic Church between the late seventh-mid ninth century, and secondly on the ‘translation’ of these theological matters into a literary and visual imagery. In the period 680-850 a great debate about the cult of sacred images – the Byzantine ‘image struggle’ or iconoclasm – engaged monks, emperors, popes. Sacred images have for different reasons ispired devotion or spurred iconoclastic reactions and cultural opposition world-wide and often in human history – unfortunately also in the last fifteen years. The place of sacred image in the actual Christian religious mentality – i.e. the way in which cult images stimulate reactions, are perceived, venerated, chosen as personal ‘talismans’ and intercessors with the divine in contemporary culture – was radically shaped by the intense period of the Byzantine ‘image struggle’. The political, cultural, and artistic interactions and the developments of Christian mentality between the West and the East during this phase are actually still a ‘grey area’ in Medieval and Byzantine studies, having been dealt with only occasionally and compartimentally. By using literary as well as visual evidence, 'ICONOPHILIA' will explore this ‘grey area’ and prove to be significant to a range of scholarly disciplines, while being appealing also to a wider global audience interested in religious mentality, Church history, history of monasticism, cultural policies, visual thinking, art production and consumption as socio-political statements. The Centre for Byzantine, Ottoman and Modern Greek Studies in Birmingham will provide the ideal intellectual environment for the development of this interdisciplinary project.

Mots clés : monasticism, theology, politics between byzantium and the popes, iconoclasm, homilies, mental images, iconography, art production, religious mentality

Participants :
- University of Birmingham (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet PhononMoments (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : SIGNED

This project will study how the magnetic moments and orbital angular momenta of phonons are related to chemical structure, electronic structure, and to each other. Phonons, which are particle-like vibrational excitations in solids, are not normally considered to have an angular momentum (a mechanical spin) or a magnetic moment (an electromagnetic spin). However, it has recently been discovered that vibrations that cause atoms to move in circles can in fact have these properties, although their magnitudes are thought to be extremely small in conventional materials. We aim to study these exotic properties of phonons in flexible framework materials, which are materials which combine extreme stiffness in some directions with extreme compliance in others. This combination can give rise to very low energy vibrational modes, which results in very large motions of the atoms, and therefore we expect flexible frameworks to have much larger phonon magnetic moments and angular momenta than in conventional materials. Our goal is to discover materials with very large phono-magnetic effects, ideally sufficiently large that they can be measured using existing experimental techniques. Large phono-magnetic effects would also allow the magnetic moment of the phonon to interact with magnetism due to the spins of electrons, leading to a heretofore undescribed physical interaction which could be useful in the study of magnetic materials. We will use computational and theoretical methods to study both materials where the circular motions of atoms require external stimulus to occur, and also chiral materials where the atoms can naturally move in circles. In this latter case, the introduction of magnetic order in the material can break the symmetry between phonons of one handedness and the other, potentially leading to emergent bulk effects such as a thermally driven angular momentum of the crystal as a whole.

Mots clés : phonons, phononics

Participants :
- Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology (Suisse) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 191149.44 €
Projet Oncoworm (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project will take direct action in exploiting the powerful planarian model system to achieve novel insights into the molecular processes underpinning oncogenesis and cancer. Based on the principle that biochemical and physiological functions of many genes are conserved across phyla we will identify planarian genes that control the migration, proliferation and differentiation of the highly proliferative pluripotent adult stem cells (pASCs). We will combine a bespoke specially designed partial irradiation assay, bioinformatic and expression based candidate gene identification and the capacity to perform RNAi based screens of gene function to identify novel genes controlling pASCs that are conserved in humans. Those novel genes of greatest promise will then be studied in mammalian cancer cell lines using the insight gleaned from planarians. This project brings together, for the first time, a world-class planarian laboratory with an eminent cancer cell biologist, Dr Kosaka, who will acquire all the expertise required to exploit the planarian system and at the same time transfer his extensive knowledge of cancer biology to the Aboobaker laboratory.

Mots clés : evolution, multicellular organisms, origin of cancer, cancer initiation, high throughput screening, over proliferation

Participants :
- University of Oxford (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet VESPER (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project will use the compositions and crystal cargoes of erupted magmas to study pre-eruptive behaviour of magmatic systems. The aim is to understand their relationship to, and control on, periodicity and style of volcanic eruptions to mitigate hazards and risks. To do this we will undertake detailed description of the whole-rock composition and mineral chemistry of volcanic rocks from active intra-plate and subduction-related volcanoes. New knowledge about zircon behaviour will then be considered in the context of these well-constrained systems. Experimental and numerical modelling predict pre-existing zircons that survive being dissolved in magmas suffer thermal shock that affects their structure, patchy zoning, and U-Th-Pb isotopic system i.e., ages (1). We shall analyse the texture and composition of inherited, assimilated and magmatic zircons. Study of these natural volcanic zircons will place constraints on experimental and modelling thermal shock results and permit identification of crystals suitable for analysis to obtain reliable age information. Recent detailed field mapping of volcanic deposits on intra-plate Ascension Island, for example, has revealed >75 explosive and >40 effusive sub-aerial eruptions in the last million years. Only a few of these show clear evidence for magma mixing prior to eruption. We will use zircon and whole-rock geochemical data to understand the nature of these and other pre-eruptive processes. Our main objective is to obtain information about magma storage conditions and plumbing systems in relation to effusive and explosive volcanic activity (cf., 2, 3). Such information may be used to consider future behaviour and so possible short-term, within event, and longer term, between events, potential risks. References 1. Bea F., Montero P. 2013. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.04.014 2. Preece K., Barclay J., Gertisser R., Herd R. 2013. doi: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.02.006 3. Chamberlain et al. 2016. doi: 10.1007/s00445-016-1

Mots clés : anthropocene, effusive and explosive eruptions, intra plate, subduction, whole rock and mineral chemistry, magma storage, inherited and magmatic zircon, u pb dating thermal shock, u series dating

Participants :
- University of East Anglia (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet FIonPT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

This project, 1) explores the networks, processes and mechanisms of production and usage of false information (e.g., fake news, misinformation) on Iranian Twittersphere (Persian Twitter), and 2) investigates the ways in which the Iranian state employs false information to dismantle Twitter narratives and underpin its hegemonic discourse. Despite the importance of Twitter in Iran, we do not yet know much about the production and dissemination of false information on Persian Twitter. Furthermore, there are significant gaps in our understanding of the ways that the state uses false information for deterring Twitter narratives. Based on Hannah Arendt’s philosophical thoughts on speech and storytelling, this study addresses these gaps by investigating Persian Twitter in two recent big events in Iran: Nationwide protests in November 2019, and shooting the Ukrainian passenger flight in January 2020 by Iranian military forces. Having collected two tweet corpora during these cases, I will use a variety of methods (specifically a combination of social network analysis, ethnographic content analysis, and social media critical discourse study) to achieve a distant and close reading of tweets. In this phase, I will investigate users’ generic storytelling practices, state’s intervening strategies by disseminating false information, and finally, the nodal points where users and the state struggle to make their narratives hegemonic. This project contributes to the studies of social media in repressing citizens by focusing on the role of dissemination of false information. It also enhances our understanding of Twitter communication during sociopolitical happenings in a semi-authoritarian, and relatively understudied context: Iran.

Mots clés : social media, political activism, social network analysis, misinformation, fake news

Participants :
- University of Vienna (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 186167.04 €
Projet ScanRights (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project, called ScanRights, provides the first examination of economic and social rights in the multilateral diplomacy of the three Scandinavian countries: Sweden, Norway, and Denmark at the United Nations from 1970 to 2000. Through a transnational approach to multi-national archival research, the project seeks to understand why the Scandinavian countries increased their support for poverty reduction and economic and social rights at a time when egalitarian politics were on the decline elsewhere in the West. It does so through two main research objectives: First, it examines Scandinavian contributions to the debate on The New International Economic Order from 1974 to 1982 (O1). Second, it examines Scandinavian diplomacy on the Right to Development in the 1980s and 1990s (O2). In doing so the project makes three important contributions to the existing scholarship. First, it addresses the neglect of economic and social rights in the history of Scandinavian human rights diplomacy. Second, it adopts a transnational multi-archival approach that goes beyond the national histories. Third, it provides an examination of Scandinavian human rights diplomacy absent in the international scholarship. The project is designed to improve the researcher’s career prospects by broadening his scientific profile, strengthening his teaching and supervision skills, and furthering his professional development through training in transferable skills. It adopts a targeted strategy to disseminate and communicate the research results to different audiences. The implementation is secured through a comprehensive work plan and the strong commitment of the supervisor and host institution, which provides the optimal intellectual infrastructure, specialized in interdisciplinary research on human rights.

Mots clés : human rights, diplomatic history, scandinavia, united nations, transnational approach

Participants :
- Lund University (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 203852.16 €
Projet FROM (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

This proposal relates to a recent debate of microbiology. Functional redundancy supposes that many taxa can realize the same functions. In this scenario, the composition of microbial communities could appear as a bad predictor of their effects on ecosystems. Functional redundancy among microbes has been suggested but also disproven, growing in a limiting debate for microbiology. Our project proposes an overview of microbial functions to answer to this debate. The innovation in our project consists in studying the ecology and redundancy of functions inferred by various methods. We will use state-of-the art microbiome datasets that spans the global ocean, enabling to study the impact of geographic scales on redundancy. The host and the candidate will bring together their complementary expertise on omics, statistics, microbes’ morphology, nutrition and interactions to compare for the first time the functionality of all microbial domains across the global ocean. Inferred functions will be analyzed against microbial taxonomy, environmental selection from abiotic variables and dispersal across the ocean to study their redundancy and ecological patterns. Novel cross-disciplinary tools will be developed that will expand the outreach of our project to research in omics (e.g. bioinformatics, computational biology), biogeochemistry, modelling, evolution or global changes. Morpho-trophic features of protistan taxa will be collected into a novel database that will represent their functional diversity. Finally, an innovative functional characterization of ecological networks will be developed to unveil the interplay between microbial interaction networks and environmental conditions. Researchers and policy-makers studying how microbes affects natural, engineered, or future ecosystems, will benefit from our project that represents a major leap forward for microbiology and functional ecology.

Mots clés : functional redundancy, prokaryotes, protists, environmental microbiology, global ocean, ecosystem, functioning, trait approach, metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, interaction network

Participants :
- Spanish National Research Council (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 160932.48 €
Projet CF_struct (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This proposal seeks to solve the high-resolution X-ray crystal structure of full-length Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR), an anion channel which regulates chloride ion concentration at the lumen-exposed surface of epithelial cells. Mutations of the CFTR gene cause cystic fibrosis (CF), a lethal disease which results in bowel obstruction, lung disease and premature death. CFTR is an ATPase and a member of the ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporter family of proteins which has an allosteric Regulatory (R) domain not found in other ABC transporters. From the structure of CFTR, its mode of action will be revealed, focusing on the two sites of ATP hydrolysis and key residues for channel gating. CFTR will be crystallized alone and in the presence of the pharmacological agent Kalydeco, a small molecule from Vertex Pharmaceuticals that is used for the treatment of CF and reduces CF symptoms. The initial high-resolution X-ray crystal structure is a foundation from which personalized drug design work can begin. Therefore, the Kalydeco-CFTR complex structure will be used for ligand optimization of Kalydeco, an iterative process which will improve Kalydeco’s specificity and pharmacokinetics. The latest technology, including in meso in situ serial crystallography and X-ray free electron lasers for serial femtosecond crystallography will be used as well as traditional synchrotron X-ray sources. These Actions use an interdisciplinary mix of crystallography, chemistry, biochemistry, biophysics and computational structural determination programs. The work will take place in Ireland in the lab of Dr. Martin Caffrey at Trinity College Dublin, a distinguished researcher in the field of membrane structural and functional biology. The prestigious Marie Skłodowska-Curie fellowship will enable the candidate to actualize many objectives outlined in her career development plan in order to become an independent researcher.

Mots clés : cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, atp binding cassette, atpase, xray crystallography, membrane protein, hydrolysis, in meso, structure based drug design

Participants :
- Trinity College Dublin (Irlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 175866.0 €
Projet FRONTIERPEACE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This research project investigates the historical roots of cross-cultural peacebuilding. European expansion during the sixteenth century was characterised by a high degree of violence, which was fuelled by cultural differences and religious radicalisms. The meeting of different cultures created new forms of violence, but, at the same time, generated new forms of cross-cultural encounters that were driven to construct a lasting peace. This project explains the transition from the violent conflicts of the first encounters between Europeans and non-European peoples, to their peaceful coexistence. Rather than focusing on cross-cultural diplomacy or treaty-making, this research project explains how peace was constructed “on the ground”. In order to do so, it focuses on three different frontiers of the first global empires. Through a comparative survey that includes cases from the Mediterranean, the Americas and Asia, this project shows that frontier societies resulting from European expansion created a new means of constructing peace in scenarios where religious and cultural differences hindered peaceful coexistence. Drawing on a wide array of sources, this research project pays special attention to three main questions: How were forged the cross-cultural social networks that came to be the backbone of peaceful relations forged? How did the exchange of goods influence peacebuilding processes in different parts of the world? And, how did the multicultural social fabric of these frontier societies develop the necessary tools in order to avoid conflicts? This historical enquiry into the global roots of cross-cultural peacebuilding will broaden our understanding on the conditions needed to establish a peaceful coexistence among different cultures. In so doing, this project deals with current societal challenges such as the establishing and maintaining social relations and order between different socio-religious cultures, as well as the fight against violent radicalisation.

Mots clés : european expansion, frontiers, cross cultural, peace, social networks, history of consumption, spanish empire, portuguese empire, sixteenth century

Participants :
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 158121.6 €