Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet CV SUBUNIQC (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Three decades ago, it was proposed that quantum computers (i.e. quantum systems where information can be encoded, processed and read out) could outperform classical devices for information processing. For instance, they may allow the factoring of integer numbers in a time which scales polynomially with the size of the input, while known classical algorithms require an exponential time. However, in practice, it has not yet been possible to build a quantum computer large enough to beat classical machines. This has raised the question as to whether this difficulty is only technical, and will be overcome one day, or due to fundamental reasons. In trying to answer this question, physicists and computer scientists have developed "sub-universal" quantum computing models, which aim at solving very specific problems, simpler than factoring, but still displaying a quantum advantage. Among those is the so-called boson sampling protocol, which enables to compute the permanent of a unitary matrix. In other words, scientists now seek for the observation of a minimal supremacy of quantum computers over classical ones. Inspired by recent experimental achievements (Paris, Japan, Virginia), in this project I will study at the theoretical level new models of sub-universal quantum computers, based on original photonic architectures. Indeed, these models have been only poorly studied, so far, in the promising context of the "Continuous Variable" (CV) encoding, which has recently allowed to reach the record-size for quantum computing resource states. This project articulates through two main objectives: 1) The design of new sub-universal quantum circuits in CV, providing proof of their classical computational hardness 2) The study of viable experimental quantum optics platforms where these protocols may be efficiently implemented. Among those, I will design the first experimentally accessible protocol for CV boson sampling.

Mots clés : quantum information, quantum optics, quantum computation

Participants :
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 171460.8 €
Projet JOINTIME (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Through synergies between archaeology and physics, JOINTIME proposes to provide the first reliable radiocarbon-driven grid synchronising critical parts of Europe, from Scandinavia over the Carpathian Basin to the Aegean, between 1700 and 1500 BCE. Building on mathematically advanced software pioneered by AU Astronomy & Physics (AMS unit), this time-geography will be used as a springboard to pursue answers to the main project question: when and where the Bronze Age was first consolidated as a geographical and culturally interweaving process. This will further prompt comparisons with prevalent macro-models and involves testing an alternative frame recently proposed by AU Dept of Archaeology: here the Bronze Age is conceptualised as an interconnecting web-like process, which unfolded decisively c. 1700-1500 BCE when large tracts of Afro-Eurasia became knit by bronze and by many other transactions. Jointime aims to pinpoint the mode, direction and intensity of sociocultural interactions in the decisive period of Bronze Age consolidation. The anticipated results will be ground-breaking in Bronze Age studies as well as beyond. The project is timely since advanced modelling methods are now available and rich data are merely awaiting targeted, systematic and explorative analyses. The training of Tibor-Tamás Daróczi as experienced researcher at AU will ensue along these interdisciplinary lines in tune with the objectives of the planned research. The training will follow a detailed scheme of supervision and courses, with a full integration into the hosting department of archaeology and with a transfer to the AMS unit twice a week: embracing elements from scientific statistics to culture theory. His academic network will complement the ones of the host and guarantee mutually beneficial success. Passion, stamina and curiosity will ensure completion of the fellowship and results of excellence. The obtained skills crossing natural sciences and SSH will ensure high employability

Mots clés : bronze age, radiocarbon dating, bayesian statistics, bronzization  glocalisation, directionality of material culture dispersal, mobility, socio cultural change

Participants :
- Aarhus University (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 200194.8 €
Projet THREAT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Throughout Europe and the Americas, we find the expert knowledge of traditional state and scientific institutions—the expert management of risk and otherness—doubted and undermined by groups questioning its hidden motives and meanings. The current project addresses the deep history at play in our conceptions of threat and individual agency in managing threat. It will examine the works of Girolamo Cardano (1501-1576), as well as his Roman Inquisition documents, in order to chart an early-modern transformation of great significance: the shift in the management of threat from spiritual expertise to secular expertise. Girolamo Cardano was the most widely-read natural philosopher of the latter sixteenth century. His literary output and fame stretched across numerous disciplines—medicine, astrology, natural philosophy, moral philosophy, mathematics—and his ideas continued to exert major influence well into the seventeenth century. As diverse as his projects and interests were, a common theme unites them: the individual, by Cardano’s reckoning, lives in a network of danger, from bodily illness and accident, to chance events, to faults of intellect and memory, to the vagaries of human passion. In a recent study of his Inquisition trial, I have examined the place of Catholic doctrine in his astrology and celestial physics, and the key points of criticism leveled at Cardano by the Holy Office. This project would build from that foundation, significantly expanding and deepening its results. Assisted by tools from the digital-humanities, it will establish an anatomy of threat in Cardano’s work, analyze his views of natural philosophy as a response to threat, and examine how his censorship by the Roman Inquisition represented a criticism of secular expert approaches to threat.

Mots clés : girolamo cardano, renaissance philosophy, early modern natural philosophy, early modern science, inquisition history, history of expertise, history of risk, secular society, risk society

Participants :
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183473.28 €
Projet Evolutionary Neurogenomics (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Throughout evolution, primate genomes have been under attack by different classes of retrotransposons, retrovirus-derived mobile DNA elements. As a result, an astonishing ~50% of the human genome is derived from many types of retrotransposons. I previously showed that primate-specific retrotransposon invasions are restricted by primate-specific KRAB zinc finger proteins. These findings suggest that through recruitment to thousands of new genomic locations, KRAB zinc finger proteins have become intimately integrated into pre-existing gene regulatory pathways. Retrotransposons are an important source for evolutionary novelties, but the impact of thousands of human-specific retrotransposon-KZNF regulatory modules on the evolution of human gene expression patterns is unknown. There is increasing evidence that retrotransposons become reactivated during neural differentiation, suggesting that neuronal gene-regulatory networks may be extra sensitive to retrotransposon insertions. Furthermore, new retrotransposon insertions may hold clues to the mechanism of human disease: Even when retrotransposons are efficiently silenced in health, they may become aberrantly activated by changes in DNA methylation observed in neurological diseases and cancer. Using a previously established human and non-human primate stem cell cortical neuron differentiation assay, I will identify, validate and functionally test neurodevelopmental genes that have come under the control of retrotransposons. This will address the impact of recent waves of retrotransposon insertions on the evolution of human neural gene expression patterns and opens up the exploration of how new retrotransposon insertions may be correlated to human neurological disorders. The Marie Skłodowska-Curie individual fellowship will provide the opportunity to establish my research group in Europe and re-integrate in Dutch and EU networks, as well as allow me to achieve my professional development training goals.

Mots clés : genome evolution, retrotransposons, cortical development, human embryonic stem cells, krab zinc finger genes

Participants :
- University of Amsterdam (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 177598.8 €
Projet 2STOP_TBE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is emerging in Europe. It causes tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), a disease with a high mortality rate and even higher rates of life-long neurological effects in individuals that contract infections. As environmental and societal changes promote viral spread and current vaccine use is limited, it is not surprising that TBE incidence is on the rise. With uncertain diagnostics and no medications on the market, the threat to European health care becomes significant, making development of control measures a high priority. Efforts to develop treatments and improve detection are largely hampered by a lack of structural knowledge about TBEV. Here we seek to fill the critical information gap, using electron cryo-microscopy, which has become a powerful technology for revealing atomic-level details about viruses. We will harness unique expertise in the fields of virology and structural biology to answer fundamental questions about virus structure, assembly, morphogenesis, and function. Explicit new knowledge regarding TBEV will push forward European excellence in virus research producing impactful results for their exploitation in drug discovery and diagnostic developments.

Mots clés : viral assembly, viral morphogenesis, tick borne encephalitis

Participants :
- University of Helsinki (Finlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 179325.6 €
Projet INKspired (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Tissue and organ shortage is the limiting factor in treating many patients with chronic organ failure and has led to over 18 patients deaths every day just in Europe. Recreating the 3D complexity of tissues and organs is moving step-by-step from sci-fi to reality thanks to the tremendous progress in 3D printing techniques. Native tissues and organs are composed of different cells, proteins, and signaling molecules that are arranged in a hierarchical complex microenvironment, called extracellular matrix (ECM). Bioprinting has emerged as a novel fabrication technique that assembles cells-laden biomaterials in a spatially controlled manner, promising customized 3D tissue-engineered constructs for potential clinical use. One of the main challenges to clinical success is to avoid immune system rejection. The overall aim of the INKspired project is to generate novel ECM-inspired bioinks, which could further recapitulate the dynamicity and complex structure of native tissue and even modulate the immune response. By double network strategy, I will combine two dynamic hydrogel networks to control the overall mechanical and biological properties of printed constructs. The outcomes of INKspired aim to contribute to tissue bioprinting and hence the global chronic lack of tissues. My unique research background, which includes tissue engineering, material science and engineering, will allow me to carry out this multidisciplinary project. I will collaborate with the supervisors, who have a vast experience in biofabrication and biomaterials, and work at the international and interdisciplinary setting (MERLN, Maastricht University). Marie Curie fellowship will enhance the potential of my future career perspectives by providing an interdisciplinary and translational education program, empowering me to take leading positions in the field of tissue engineering worldwide.

Mots clés : bioprinting, dynamic covalent chemistry, instructive hydrogels, photo switchable polymers, tissue engineering

Participants :
- Maastricht University (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 175572.48 €
Projet JNK_Life.Death (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Tissue homeostasis requires a tight maintenance of cell number. Little is known about how tissue size and cell numbers are maintained in stress situations, when additional proliferation is needed to compensate for cell loss. I propose to study the homeostatic response to stress in a tissue (Drosophila wing primordia) in which Ribosomal Proteins-deficiency causes extensive apoptosis compensated by extra proliferation. How are these two responses balanced to ensure the emergence of a normal adult organism? JNK signalling is a strong candidate to mediate both apoptosis and proliferation responses. I propose to decipher the regulatory events that control this two-faced response, and to identify the proliferative pathways activated by JNK. Using the latest tools of genome engineering and live imaging, I aim at unravelling the spatio-temporal dynamics of JNK signalling and the downstream activation of cell death or division. Next, I will use a candidate gene and an unbiased approaches to uncover the transcriptional programs that correlate with apoptosis and proliferation. Lastly, I will verify the relevance of the identified candidates and investigate their spatial-temporal activity upon JNK activation. The results will be key to reaching the next stage of understanding the role of JNK in orchestrating the concerted replacement of lost cells that ultimately results in functional epithelia. Uncovering this logic in a relatively simple epithelium will hopefully guide further studies in more complex tissues of direct biomedical relevance.

Mots clés : jnk signalling dynamics, stress response, compensatory proliferation, live imaging, transcriptomics

Participants :
- The Francis Crick Institute (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet SNFWD (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

To address the dynamic nature of wound healing, the wound care market is transitioning from classic protective barriers into advanced, active wound dressings, interacting with the wound by stimulating and managing cell migration and the sequence of healing events. In this regard, development of smart drug delivery wound dressings based on nanofibers, is a novel topic and of high importance due to the porosity, biomimicry and high surface area of such materials bringing about very optimum oxygen and water permeability, enhanced cell activity thus healing rate and better dissolution rate and ease of incorporation of drugs, respectively. However, to industrially realize such systems, there are still some challenges. Of the most important challenges is fabrication approach of such systems, that must not lead to either a burst release or damage to the drug during the process. As a novel idea, I aim to biomineralize a doped calcium phosphate drug carrier coating on the surface of nanofibers that could be efficiently loaded by drug molecules through electrostatic interactions. To accelerate the healing rate of chronic wounds, the wound medium is conventionally acidified by topical application of acids. This synthetic acidification along with natural trend of acidification of the wound as far as healing continues, can lead to dissolution of the drug carrier coating, thus release of drug molecules in a controlled manner. In this nanofibrous wound dressing, not only the nanofibrous structure biomimicking natural extracellular matrix of human tissues and smart drug delivery facilitates interaction with live cells and manages the healing process, respectively, but also cheap and fast electrospinning process for production of nanofibers promise an industrially adaptable approach. Thus, this proposed research would be an important novel step towards introduction of nanofibrous drug delivery wound dressings to industry.


Participants :
- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 162806.4 €
Projet GART-PSYSPAC (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

To ask searching questions about changes in the treatment of people with mental health problems - about the extent to which they experience the right mix of 'protective' and 'empowering' support - is to probe deeply into the 'humanity' of European society. Responding to this challenge, the proposed action will combine in-depth investigation into the near-unique 'laboratory' of psychiatric transition offered by one site in Scotland, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, Glasgow, with an explicitly comparative framing derived from research on equivalent shifts occurring in Sweden. A multi-disciplinary research team, working across human geography, planning-architecture and clinical psychiatry, will deploy a range of engaged, qualitative research methods: interviewing, focus groups, walking tours, drawing work and directed photography, coupled to both standard and more experimental techniques for 'data' interpretation. Based on this research, the team will develop conceptual resources for a 'model' of European psychiatric transition, notably from institutional (asylum/hospital) to de-institutional or trans-institutional landscapes of mental health care. More empirically, the objective is to recover subjective experiences of the changing spaces of Gartnavel as felt, understood and represented by different cohorts of patients and staff (past and present), gathering these materials into a 'living archive' - available on-line and via an exhibition/event - to be made available to all connected with the site, local residents neighbouring the site and a wider public concerned with mental health matters. Through both this impact work and scholarly outputs, a further objective is critically to appraise psychiatric transition, and in particular to re-evaluate the notion of 'the asylum' in an era arguably drifting back to accepting in-patient care for categories of chronic, acute and (allegedly) 'dangerous' patients.

Mots clés : psychiatric spaces, de institutionalisation, trans institutionalisation, the asylum, power, space, human geography

Participants :
- University of Glasgow (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 146591.1 €
Projet MMED (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

To discover effective strategies against antimicrobial resistance, a deeper understanding of microbial behaviour in their natural ecologies is crucial. The essential technological bottleneck that has limited our capability to explore this issue is the microenvironment provided by batch culture assays. They are incapable of mimicking natural microhabitats, quantifying individual bacteria, and revealing antibiotic resistance. Therefore, development of a theoretical and experimental framework that mimics the natural microecology of bacteria and measuring their antibiotic response to predict optimum survival strategies will provide valuable tools to investigate bacterial individuality and their changing response to antibiotics in realistic microenvironments.

Mots clés : microfluidics, active matter, antibiotics

Participants :
- Sabancı University (Turquie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 145845.6 €
Projet MEDIX (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

To effectively adapt to climate change (CC), a novel more dynamic approach in governing the oceans is needed. Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) – a public process aimed to allocate human uses at sea while maintaining multiple ecosystem services (ES) – as currently implemented is too static to adequately incorporate climate refugia and CC responses of marine life. The goal of my project is to provide a stronger, more complete model for the sustainable planning of marine ES in the California Current. MEDIX will significantly improve the traditional MSP process in a context of a fast-changing climate by creating a novel approach to MSP that incorporates a dynamic ES assessment under CC scenarios with a sex-based analysis of CC effects on species and ecosystems, to elaborate a guideline for adaptation actions in MSP. The California Current will provide an ideal case study to test the new approach for adaptation strategies to maintain the ES. Through the MSCA Global Fellowship, I will reinforce my expertise in ecosystem-based management in MSP with new interdisciplinary expertise and skills in ES modeling under CC and gendered innovations, which I will transfer back to Europe, where the development of adaptive strategies for MSP is relevant and timely. The GF envisages: i) an outgoing period at Stanford University, USA, where I will be involved in a major initiative to revise and adapt the marine protected areas network of the California Current within the national MSP initiative, in collaboration with governments, and ii) a return period at CNR, Italy, where I intend to build on and transfer the skills acquired to elaborate the adaptive MSP guidelines that I will make accessible to relevant European stakeholders through a process of science-to-policy and science-for-society engagement in the Mediterranean. At the end of my MSCA, CNR is expected to offer me a full-time research contract to enable me to continue expanding my research and taking its impact to further areas.

Mots clés : marine spatial planning, climate change adaptation, climate refugia, environmental responses, ecosystem service supply, marine ecology, sex based analysis, gendered innovations, science to policy

Participants :
- Università Iuav di Venezia (Italie) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- National Research Council (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 269002.56 €
- Stanford University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €