Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet TRANSCAMUS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Since the 1993 reinstallment of the monarchy after the devastating rule of the Khmer Rouge and the subsequent Vietnamese occupation, foreign NGOs have been mushrooming in Cambodia. Several among these are charities that are based in Malaysia and the Arabian Gulf, and which have become the core of Muslim transnational networks that intersect in the country. These charities invested vast resources in order to reconstruct the Cambodian Muslim religious infrastructure and leadership, that had been almost completely wiped out during the Khmer Rouge. At the same time, they spread their own religious ideas and discourses among the country’s Muslim minorities. This research will inquire into how transnational Muslim networks and charities based in the Middle East and Malaysia have transformed the religious identity, leadership and infrastructure of Cambodia’s Muslim minorities. I will look into the evolution of the Gulf and Malaysian charities in the country, the patterns of the existing competition between them, and how the transnational flows and the transformation of the Islamic field altered the structure of gender relations among Cambodian Muslims. The chief method of data collection will be ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Cambodia, Malaysia and Kuwait.

Mots clés : cambodia, kuwait, muslim ngos, muslim minorities, malaysia

Participants :
- Austrian Academy of Sciences (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 174167.04 €
Projet ULKCOND (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Since the beginning of the electronic evolution, size of transistor never stops to decrease accordingly to Moore’s law. This scaling applies also to the interconnects, composed by conductor and insulating materials, leading to an overall increase of the resistivity of the conductor and the dielectric’s capacitance, ultimately causing delayed signal transmission (so-called RC delay). In order to decrease the resistivity, Al was replaced by Cu as a conductor. The circuit’s capacitance can be lowered by using materials with lower dielectric permittivity, named low-k’s. Nowadays, the most successful low-k dielectrics are porous organo-silicate glasses, with porosity up to 50%, pore size around 1.5-2 nm and k-values down to 1.8 (k=4.2 for bulk SiO2). Interconnects are nowadays built by the Damascene technique, where the dielectric is first deposited, then locally etched away, followed by metal deposition in the patterned structure and polishing for metal excess removal. Due to their intrinsic porosity, most of processing steps cause low-k damage, amongst which plasma etching is the most damaging. The present proposal aims at understanding and optimizing zero-damage cryogenic etching of low-k materials, compatible with the micro-electronics industry (at temperature above -60°C). Besides the improvement of the etching process and the better understanding of reactions damaging the low-k materials during plasma etching, this work will investigate the phenomenon of micro-capillary condensation into porous materials, which is not widely explored and can lead to other applications in micro-electronics and in other nanotechnology domains. This research project will contribute to enable the so-called 5nm node in future CMOS manufacturing, and as a consequence it will have a wide economic impact. Finally, this research will allow the applicant to extend his technical and project management skills, strengthening his profile for a future career in the semiconductor industry or R&D.

Mots clés : low k materials, organo silicate, plasma etching, cryogenic etching, micro condensation, dielectric, interconnections, microelectronic, rcdelay, porous materials, damages, hydrophobic materials

Participants :
- IMEC (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 160800.0 €
Projet TexRobots (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Since the early 1990’s, robots have been used to aid the treatment of people with neuromuscular disabilities and soft robotics offers a unique platform due their inherent conformability to the body and enables safe human-device interaction. Previous studies showed that soft pneumatic actuators (SPAs) have great potential to build wearable devices for rehabilitative purpose. A general approach to manufacture SPAs is based on using elastomeric materials such as silicone and rubber; and then pneumatic pressure is employed to power actuators. Although elastic materials offer some superior properties, some properties of elastomeric materials – material density, stiffness, and strength - present challenges in wearable applications. As the soft robotics domain ventures into more comprehensive and demanding applications, sensor information becomes key to achieve high task performance, and thus the seamless integration of soft actuating and sensing parts is needed to achieve a continuum of sensing and actuation. Sensors also need to have similar material properties (modulus, extensibility) to be used for the actuator themselves in order to not to hinder the actuator’s performance. To address the challenges mentioned above, I will employ textile materials to achieve both sensing and actuation and computerized flatbed knitting technology will be primarily utilized for the fabrication of such structures and soft robotic glove as a hand rehabilitative device will be constructed. The combination of the acquired new technical skills, the advanced training received, the research management experience and the international and inter-sectoral mobility of this fellowship will significantly diversify my competences. This will enhance my capacity to pursue an independent academic career, i.e., to build my own lab after the fellowship and to apply for international grants both in soft robotics and wearable technologies.

Mots clés : soft robotics, textile based actuators, smart textiles, soft actuators, sensors, soft strain sensor

Participants :
- Istanbul Technical University (Turquie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 157355.52 €
Projet EaRL (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Since the end of the Cold War, the number of international courts has increased significantly, indicating a growing judicialisation of global governance. At the same time, international judges have begun to change and potentially even create law through their decisions. In international criminal law, a particularly drastic example, international judges repeatedly described the development of international criminal law as one of their main achievements. But have these courts, 15 years after the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court entered into force, been able to deliver on their objective? How far do judicial interpretations matter in global governance more broadly? Applying an innovative interdisciplinary approach that draws on legal theory, this project (EaRL) capitalises on the recent “practice turn” in International Relations theory to develop a novel theoretical and empirical account of interpretive judicial authority in global governance. EaRL is based on a systematic analysis of all 240 available judgements of international criminal and hybrid courts, including the International Criminal Court, the ad hoc Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and Rwanda (ICTR), and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL). In addition, it uses over 40 in-depth expert interviews with international judges, staff at civil society organisations, and government representatives. Ideally located at iCourts, the University of Copenhagen’s globally leading Centre of Excellence for International Courts, EaRL will enable the experienced researcher to complete her interdisciplinary training and to make a timely contribution to the Centre’s impressive body of knowledge on international courts. In addition to its academic impact, EaRL ultimately aims to enhance the judgement-writing process at international criminal courts and to improve the general public’s understanding of international criminal justice.

Mots clés : international courts, authority in international law, international criminal law, international relations theory, legal theory, practice theory, bourdieu, legal elites, legal interpretation

Participants :
- University of Copenhagen (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 200194.8 €
Projet REJREG (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Since the spring of 2015, several EU member states have begun implementing border enforcement measure as a response to the general perception of “crisis” related to the management of migratory flows. As a consequence, intra-EU mobility of migrants who have crossed the Mediterranean Sea is increasingly governed through systematic rejections at the borders within the Schengen area. Border "rejection regimes”, as I term this phenomenon, are currently enforced at the Italian/French border of Ventimiglia and the Italian/Austrian border of Bolzano, aimed at regulating migratory flows toward France and Germany, respectively. Forced stops turned Ventimiglia and Bolzano into “buffer zones”, where hundreds of migrants are stuck waiting for the best opportunity to reach their destinations. The proposed research project provides a theoretically informed, in-depth ethnographic account of a phenomenon that has so far been under-researched: the unexpected social and political consequences of border enforcement within the Schengen area. REJREG comparatively focuses on two crucial border zones: Ventimiglia and Bolzano. It intends to uncover and understand side-effects of border enforcement at the local level (by collecting empirical data on rising economies of smuggling, escalating numbers of deaths at the borders, social mobilizations and evolution of migrants' strategies) and its political implications on international relations between EU member states (by providing knowledge on the daily practices of the border police who enforce the bilateral agreements). These questions are addressed through in-depth interviews, participant observation and content analysis. By comparatively focusing on two significant areas of transit/buffering, REJREG challenges traditional conceptualizations of migratory dynamics in order to illustrate the impacts of the securitarian approach both on migration governmentality and on the evolution of the political constitution of the EU itself.

Mots clés : borders, intra eu mobility, migrations, rejections, contentious politics, governmentality, ethnography

Participants :
- University of Amsterdam (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 165598.8 €
Projet FASINA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Single particle plasmonic nanospectroscopy is a powerful and at the same time relatively easy-to-implement research method that allows monitoring of changes in the structure and properties of substrate-immobilized metal nanoparticles in real time and in situ conditions with only few restrictions in terms of surrounding medium, temperature and pressure. In the context of single particle catalysis, it has been successful used to study the impact of particle size and structure in catalytic processes on single nanoparticles. However, all the studies carried out so far have used lithographically-defined polycrystalline disk-like nanoparticles. In other words, thermodynamic and kinetic investigations on shape-selected single-crystal nanoparticles with well-defined architectures are completely lacking because none of the lithographic techniques uses to fabricate supported nanoparticles have the morphological control achieved in colloidal synthesis. Therefore, the aim of this project is to develop novel methodologies for achieving the fabrication/synthesis of shape-selected nanoparticle arrays on surfaces compatible with a plasmonic nanospectroscopy platform to apply it in the quest of deriving catalytic structure-function correlations at the single nanoparticle level. Assessing the state, activity, and selectivity of individual nanoparticles at atomic level has significant potential to contribute to the development of more efficient nanomaterials.

Mots clés : nanoparticles, surface plasmon resonance, nanolithography, plasmonic nanospectrosocpy, single particle catalysis

Participants :
- Chalmers University of Technology (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 191852.16 €
Projet D3AiSF (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Singlet fission is a multiple exciton generation process where a singlet exciton splits into two triplet excitons in adjacent chromophore centers, resulting in generation of two electron-hole pair carriers from each absorbed photon. Molecular systems displaying this phenomenon are very desired because they can, for instance, increase the efficiency of solar cells which must possesses both favorable energetics and appropriate electronic coupling. In this context, intramolecular bi-chromophores are particularly interesting in terms of their singlet fission capabilities. Specifically, these donor-acceptor copolymers have both proper electronic structure characteristics and modular molecular architecture. Nonetheless, no rational design principles exist for designing these systems, with the current state-of-the-art being based, primarily, on trial-and-error strategies. Thus, the field is ripe for the insight that can be brought by theoretical work, which has the potential to discover, in silico, new efficient singlet fission compounds. The objective of the D3AiSF project is to combine state-of-the art computational tools with fundamental concepts of quantum chemistry in order to advance the intramolecular singlet fission field through high-throughput screening of efficient donor-acceptor copolymers and quantum dynamics simulations. The project’s first step involves designing an automated workflow capably of screening large numbers of singlet-fission capable donor-acceptor copolymers based on energy and coupling descriptors. Afterwards, a second stage focuses on the singlet-fission performance of the very best potential candidates, which are evaluated in terms of real time quantum dynamics of the nonadiabatic process, which will ultimately validate their relevance. Overall, this project stimulates both data-based theoretical chemistry and the field of intramolecular singlet fission through the computational design and discovery of novel materials.

Mots clés : donor acceptor copolymers, molecular design, singlet fission

Participants :
- Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology (Suisse) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 191149.44 €
Projet SCRAPS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : TERMINATED

Sleep is in crisis in the twenty-first-century Global North. People fail to sleep the eight hours recommended by the WHO and sleep disorders are on the rise. A medical humanities intersection of literary/cultural studies with critical theory, philosophy of technology, and STS, SCRAPS is the first study to investigate cultural engagements with this public health issue. I consider twenty-first-century Anglophone fiction, non-fiction (memoirs and self-help manuals), and digital culture (mHealth apps and sleep hygiene blogs) to advance our understanding of the impact of neoliberal ideologies on health. The focus on cultural production serves to interrogate the crisis’s affective dimension. Through theoretically informed close readings, I explore the affects and concerns about contemporary life mobilised by the discourse of a sleep crisis and what these reveal about the relationship between individual health and neoliberal ideologies. My aim is to articulate a new theory of the affects (such as insomnia, exhaustion, burnout, and anxiety) produced by the neoliberal temporal regimes and forms of subjectivity that arguably underlie the sleep crisis. In addition to proposing a timely scholarly intervention, SCRAPS seeks to accelerate my professional development as an interdisciplinary researcher. At META, POLIMI’s innovative network of Social Sciences and Humanities for Science and Technology, I will receive training in new methodologies from philosophy of technology and STS necessary to carry out SCRAPS’s analysis of digital culture. I will also develop my profile through an ambitious programme of dissemination. A monograph, three research articles, a field-defining conference, and an edited special issue of conference proceedings will engage interdisciplinary academic audiences. An art exhibition, articles in the media, and a website will engage the wider public. Two workshops with medical and mental health professionals will create pathways to inform medical practice.

Mots clés : contemporary writings, digital culture, self help, fiction, memoirs, affect theory, temporal regimes, theories of time, theories of subjectivity, mhealth, quantified self, digital health

Participants :
- Politecnico di Milano (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 257209.92 €
Projet YRNAcleave (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Small non-coding RNAs play important roles in gene expression regulation. Initially the attention was focused on the 21-24-nucleotide small RNAs such as microRNAs but later on deeper sequencing experiments using next generation sequencing revealed a slightly longer class of small RNAs that are 30-34 nucleotides long. These longer small RNAs are often generated from known non-coding RNAs such as tRNA or snoRNA. The biogenesis of these longer small RNAs seems to be diverse and is not well understood. The host laboratory have characterised the biogenesis of such longer small RNAs generated from Y RNAs in mammalian cells and found that it is different from microRNA biogenesis but also from the way tRNA derived small RNAs are produced. Results from a high-throughput mutagenesis approach suggest that the secondary structure of the Y RNA, rather than its sequence, determines where the cleavage happens that liberates the small RNAs from the 3' end of Y RNAs. This project aims validating these results and also to apply a high-throughput mutagensis screen on the 5' region of the Y RNA to study the production of small RNAs from that end of the molecule. Combining the results for Y RNA derived longer small RNA generation from both 5' and 3' end of these molecules will enable the experienced researcher to establish how this class of small RNAs are produced by designing specific novel mutants and test them in mammalian cells. Another aim of the project is to give training to the experienced researcher in mammalian cell biology and bioinformatics to add his existing molecular biology and microbiology skills.

Mots clés : y rnas, small non coding rnas, gene expression regulation

Participants :
- University of East Anglia (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet I-SPOT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Doctoral Networks - Industrial Doctorates
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Smart autos need to process and react to different types of stimuli from the surrounding environment. This data sensing and processing is performed with the support of different sensors, gathered data and the proper hardware platform to process the received data and react properly to the simuli whenever required. This project targets audio stimuli and considers two important challenges: Processing and localisation of the Audio signal based on the classic as well as deep learning methods

Mots clés : low power processing

Participants :
- Robert Bosch (Germany) (Allemagne) — Partner, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 0.0 €
- KU Leuven (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 512640.0 €
Projet SmartMOFs (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

SmartMOFs targets a new generation of Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for sensing harmful volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The innovation of SmartMOFs is based on a combined sensing approach, where both optical and electrical changes in the MOF material enable the recognition event. The primary step to meet the required combination of specific absorption/emission and conductivity properties is the selection of the MOF structural units, supported by theoretical investigations. The selected units will offer extensive connectivity, flexibility, tunable porosity and functionalization of the inner surface of the network, with groups interacting with the analytes by means of coordination bonds, p-p interactions or hydrogen bonds. Harmful volatile compounds will entail gases and solvents (e.g., alcohols, benzene, hexane, cyclohexane). The SmarMOFs sensors will show increased selectivity and sensitivity with respect to the state-of-the-art. Deposition of the new MOF materials on surfaces to create sensor devices will be accomplished by advanced deposition techniques. SmartMOFs will thus overtake the current bottleneck of processability that limits practical applications of these materials, filling the gap between basic research and marketable applications. The high interdisciplinarity of SmartMOFs and its foreseen applications in the highly relevant area of public health will be a springboard for the Experienced Researcher to start a successful career in the academic or industrial sectors.

Mots clés : metal organic frameworks, sensor, volatile organic compounds, optical absorption, luminescence, conductivity, thin film preparation

Participants :
- National Research Council (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 180277.2 €