Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet BURN-BEYOND (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

BURN-BEYOND is a study of the Scottish architect William Burn (1789-1870), the progenitor of ‘Scots Baronial’ architecture, one of the earliest and most distinctive examples of a self-consciously ‘national’ revivalist style. Burn’s career spanned the period when the world was being transformed by British imperial and economic power and by the aftermath of the French Revolution, when architecture became an enduring vehicle for defining national, political and social identities. His achievement was to formulate a pro-Scottish architectural identity that was simultaneously accepted as pro-establishment and British. His work is of special contemporary relevance given the recent resurgence of nationalist politics in the face of contemporary trends towards economic and cultural globalisation. This study will articulate debates over architectural style and national identity in Britain and beyond, and show that, through Burn’s work, the Scots foreshadowed the later 19th-century quest to establish political or cultural difference through national or pseudo-national architectural revivalism. Using innovative approaches to stylistic, spatial and historical analysis, this project will explore the construction of national, imperial, political and gender identities in Burn’s work. It will seek to: establish the motivations for and implications of Burn’s unrivalled stylistic diversity; demonstrate how Burn contributed to the formulation of a Scottish architectural identity; and understand how his famously ingenious domestic planning shaped gender, familial and social relationships. It will therefore generate new insights into the interactions between stylistic choice and social, cultural and political identities in Europe in the Romantic era, and enrich studies of politics, literature, gender relations, the visual arts and nationalism. It will be of particular value to historians studying the emergence of stylistic nationalism elsewhere.

Mots clés : architecture, style, national identity, gender, cultural history, scotland, britain, europe, empire, 19th century

Participants :
- University of Edinburgh (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet HIT-LVAD (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Background: Advanced heart failure (HF) is a growing health problem in the European Union (EU). Consequently, a growing number of HF patients now depend on state-of-the-art continuous flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices (cf-LVAD) as a bridge to transplant or as a means of destination therapy. Since the introduction and usage of cf-LVAD’s rather than traditional pulsatile LVAD’s, survival rates have significantly improved. However, an increased number of side-effects, including stroke and microvascular bleeding, have been reported. Suggested mechanisms associated with these side effects is lack of pulsatile pressure and flow throughout the system, however there are currently no data on macro/micro haemodynamics in these patients. Objectives: Columbia University’s Medical Center (CUMC) has the largest cf-LVAD programme in the world and thus will enable recruitment and assessment of the largest cohort to date of cf-LVAD patients. The aim of the project is to provide 5 work packages (WP) to understand the consequences of decreased pulsatile blood pressure (BP) and flow haemodynamics in cf-LVAD patients, compared to HF patients and age matched controls. Protocol: WP1:Measurement of BP and haemodynamics in cf-LVAD patients, using a new innovative BP device. WP2:Measurement of microvascular flow profiles in cf-LVAD patients, HF patients and healthy controls, using transcranial Doppler ultrasound and high frequency retinal Doppler ultrasound. WP3:Validation of brachial BP in cf-LVAD patients. WP4:Development of an improved LVAD device. WP5:Re-integration and Transfer of Knowledge back into the EU. Outcome: The project will require the fellow to re-integrate and transfer ALL of the newly acquired knowledge and skills from the world leading institution of CUMC back to the host institution, local community, national and EU clinical and industrial partners. This will facilitate the fellow to become a leading European authority in haemodynamics associated with LVAD patients.

Mots clés : vascular haemodynamics, implantable devices, blood pressure

Participants :
- Columbia University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Cardiff Metropolitan University (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 251857.8 €
Projet P-appetite (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Balanced intake of nutritional amino acids is a key determinant of fitness across animal phyla including Drosophila, mice and humans. Imbalanced protein intake have severe implications for health, lifespan and fecundity. To maintain protein homeostasis, animals evolved physiological, neuronal and behavioral strategies that secure balanced intake of dietary amino acids. Altogether, these strategies give rise to protein-specific appetite where deficiency of a dietary amino acids subsequently triggers increased consumption of food sources rich in protein. Drosophila feeding behavior, like many animals including humans, comprises hierarchically-organized behavioral sequences that are tightly regulated by the protein state of the fruit fly. These behavioral sequences include meals that are organized into feeding bursts composed of multiple sips of the food source (the feeding microstructure). It has been shown that deprivation of dietary amino acids specifically modulate the duration of the feeding bursts to trigger compensatory consumption of protein-rich sources. However, the modulatory pathways and neural circuits that ensure protein homeostasis by regulating the feeding microstructure with such specificity remain elusive. In the proposed project we aim to identify and characterize modulatory pathways and neural circuits controlling protein-specific appetite. To achieve this, we will combine high-resolution behavioral analysis of feeding with unprecedented neurogenetic toolkit of Drosophila to monitor and manipulate activity in defined subsets of neurons. By using anatomical and functional neural-circuit mapping strategies, we will provide a circuit-level explanation for the regulation of behavioral sequences underlying protein-specific appetite.

Mots clés : drosophila, feeding behavior, nutrient homeostasis, behavioral sequences, neural circuit mapping

Participants :
- Champalimaud Foundation (Portugal) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 159815.04 €
Projet MYSTICETI (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Baleen whales (Mysticeti), the largest animals on earth, are a spectacular example of evolutionary adaptation and, as predators and nutrient distributors, a major component of the modern ocean ecosystem. Their relatively good fossil record, large ecological impact and the existence of extant species as a source of comparative data make mysticetes an ideal macroevolutionary case study – promising fundamental insights into the interaction between biodiversity, evolution, and the physical environment. Previous research into the mode and tempo of baleen whale evolution has been hampered by a historical data bias towards the Northern Hemisphere, poor taxon sampling, and disjunct methodologies. I propose to address these issues through (1) targeted sampling of Southern Hemisphere fossil material to create the most comprehensive and most balanced dataset on mysticete morphology to date; (2) the application of cutting-edge phylogenetic methods, including new Bayesian techniques to simultaneously infer phylogeny, divergence dates, evolutionary rates and ancestral body size; (3) reconstructing past mysticete diversity, disparity (morphological diversity) and shifts in their rate of diversification, as well as ancestral geographic ranges and dispersal patterns; and (4) integrating all available data and results with palaeoenvironmental proxies to test whether mysticete evolution has been driven by environmental change. This project will create a benchmark for future studies as one of the most comprehensive and multifaceted macroevolutionary syntheses for any major vertebrate clade, and provide profound insights into evolutionary processes and the workings of the marine ecosystem.

Mots clés : palaeobiology, palaeontology, phylogenetics, cetacea, mysticeti, baleen whale, diversity, disparity, body size, evolutionary rates, macroevolution

Participants :
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 264780.0 €
- Monash University (Australie) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet AMBER (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Baltic amber from Northern Europe is an outstanding deposit due to the great number and diversity of preserved organisms. Although it is the richest source of fossils ever, science has consistently failed to define its geological age, despite applying various traditional approaches. It limits the scientific utility of all Baltic amber fossils in evolutionary divergence time estimation. This is very unfortunate, especially because these fossils would be very important for reconstructing evolutionary events in the Eocene, which is known as a deep-time analogue of current climatic changes. The core idea of this project is to apply an innovative and highly promising approach of precise dating for this very important fossil deposit by using DNA, morphology of extinct and extant species, and powerful statistics. I propose to time-calibrate Baltic amber fossils using a dataset from my previous project with the addition of Baltic amber and other, well-dated Cenozoic fossils. With these data, I will apply an existing method for divergence time estimation, the total-evidence dating under the fossilized birth–death process with its extension. The extension of the method will allow for phylogenetic estimation of the age of fossils from Baltic amber, and thus the amber itself. Firmly establishing the age of Baltic amber fossils will be a breakthrough for evolutionary biology, palaeoecology, biogeography, and palaeoclimatology. The project builds on my experience as a palaeoentomologist and evolutionary biologist, and it greatly expands my horizons as a future leader through gaining new insights and learning new facts and analytical methods, working in multidisciplinary academic environments and acquiring additional skills transferrable to new scientific areas. The hosts are the leading specialists in statistical phylogenetics and palaeontological studies, and leaders of dynamic research groups targeting different methods for understanding evolutionary patterns and processes

Mots clés : palaeontology, bayesian statistics, amber

Participants :
- Iowa State University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of Gdańsk (Pologne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 147296.4 €
Projet ESQ (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Cofund Postdoctoral programme
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Based on the Austrian scientific excellence strategy, the Erwin-Schrödinger Center for Quantum Science and Technology (ESQ) has recently been launched as a new nation-wide research initiative. ESQ is coordinated by the Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), under the auspices of the Ministry of Science, Research and Economics, in close collaboration with the Vienna University of Technology (TUWIEN), the University of Vienna (UNIVIE), and the University of Innsbruck (UIBK). At present, 28 research groups cooperate in research and training programmes in quantum science and technology. ESQ will serve as a EU hub for Experienced Researchers and ESQ teams will contribute to the European Quantum Flagship Initiative, as well. ESQ supports in particular postdoctoral careers and innovative projects in quantum research and it will gain additional visibility and momentum through the MSCA COFUND program fostering interdisciplinary inter-sectoral research. ESQ supports incoming international fellows in developing their scientific careers. The ESQ fellowship programme offers mentoring by scientists, who were selected for their scientific excellence and it builds on an excellent infrastructure at all partner organizations. ESQ provides an extensive international scientific network and many options for personnel development and acquiring transferrable skills, also with industrial partners. For that purpose, the fellows will also be offered extended academic and inter-sectoral secondments. The ESQ fellowship programme will publish one international call per year to recruit up to 15 fellows distributed over three selection rounds and 54 months. The selection process follows the principles of excellence and transparency and will be supported by a high-level, international selection committee. The ESQ fellowship programme thus enhances the research capacity in Europe substantially as it provides excellent research opportunities to the best young talents in quantum research.

Mots clés : post doc fellowship, quantum science and technology, international, inter sectoral, interdisciplinary, excellence, transparency, capacity buildung

Participants :
- Austrian Academy of Sciences (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 1062000.0 €
Projet Molmechindividuality (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Behaviour emerges from an interplay of various brain regions and billions of neurons forming a network. The brain acquires its organization by a series of developmental events. The correct wiring of the brain is crucially important for all brain functions. Nevertheless, the brain is both stereotyped and variable across individuals. Currently only a subset of genes have been identified that shape specificity in connectivity and it is highly elusive what promotes variability in synaptic connectivity and whether this is behaviourally relevant. To work on these questions I have chosen the Drosophila olfactory system, which is well-defined both on the levels of circuitry and behaviour and as such well-suited to answer these question. Furthermore, from the perspective of circuitry, it is particularly appropriate as it is comprised of both deterministic and non-deterministic synaptic connectivity. In a first step to tackle the question, I will perform a screen to identify genes shaping deterministic and non-deterministic neural connectivity. In parallel, I will investigate olfactory behavioural variability in the fly and correlate this to circuitry variations on the morphological, synaptic and electrophysiological level. After identifying genes that are important for connectivity and correlating circuit to behavioural variability, I aim to modify circuit variability to alter behaviour.

Mots clés : neuronal circuit formation, neuronal pathfinding, synaptic specificity, variability and stereotypy of neuronal circuits, behavioural variability

Participants :
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (Belgique) — Partner, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 28800.0 €
- Freie Universität Berlin (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 142884.0 €
Projet SAREE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Rabies is a viral disease transmitted to humans through the bite of rabid animals, predominantly domestic dogs. It is ranked among the highest priority zoonotic neglected diseases by major international human and animal health organizations (the World Health Organization and World Organisation for Animal Health) and its control is considered a global public good. Although rabies is preventable through administration of post-exposure prohylaxis to individuals exposed to suspect rabid bites and mass vaccination of dogs, the disease still kills thousands globally. India has the highest number of rabies deaths in the world for reasons that are likely to be as much socio-cultural as they are biological, although these factors have neither been investigated nor integrated with epidemiological data. In India, I will focus on two contrasting (based on linguistic, cultural and religious background) rural areas of Gujarat and Maharashtra, where rabies is very prevalent. I will first investigate cultural and religious aspects shaping attitudes towards dogs and local-level acceptance of rabies control and prevention measures, including dog vaccination and human rabies prevention. I will subsequently explore the feasibility and acceptability of in-depth epidemiological data collection tools, contact tracing, to understand cultural and religious influences on people’s health seeking behaviour, practices that may lead to increased rabies risks, and management of these risks within this particular socio-cultural context. Data gathered in this preparatory phase will ultimately inform the design of culturally acceptable and integrated One Health interventions that will to contribute to reduced rabies exposures and mortality. Together with these expected health benefits, my project will demonstrate the added value of One Health, interdisciplinary, approaches to the study and management of zoonoses, and will therefore address an evidence gap of global health relevance.

Mots clés : social and medical anthropology, field epidemiology, infectious disease, neglected zoonosis, canine rabies, rural india, risk, cultural and religious determinants of health, one health

Participants :
- University of Glasgow (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 269857.8 €
- University of Washington (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet u-PBeam (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Radiotherapy (RT) is the medical use of ionising radiation to treat cancer. The main challenge is to deposit a high enough (curative) dose in the tumor while risk organs near the tumour remain at tolerable doses. About 52% of cancer patients receive RT at least once during treatment. The RT has achieved great success in the cure or palliation of various cancers, but for improving this statistic, new treatment modalities as proton radiotherapy (PT) are rapidly expanding. PT achieves very high dose conformity around the target, allowing a better protection of the organs at risk (decreasing radiation side effect). However, using PT the dose delivered to a tumour is still conditioned by the dose that can be tolerated by the surrounding normal tissues. This is particularly critical for certain types of radioresistant tumours, such as hypoxic tumors, for those localized near organs at risk or sensitive structures (e.g. the spinal cord), and paediatrics cancers. For these types of cancers with poor prognosis it is imperative to find new RT approaches that reduce the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP). A recent novel therapy aim to increase the effective dose therapies by using a distinct dose delivery method based on proton minibeams (pMBRT). To implement this promising technique at clinical centers, microdosimetric data are required on the radiation quality aspects of proton minibeams to take advantage of their enhanced relative biological effectiveness versus conventional radiotherapy sources. Currently there are only one array of microdosimeters, as the proposed herein, capable of measuring these parameters in proton therapy. This is the challenge where a candidate approach is preferred.

Mots clés : protontherapy, microdosimetr a, new radiation therapies, oncology, cancer research, radiation, detectors, microtechnology, monte carlo simulations

Participants :
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 173076.0 €
Projet RadonACCURACY (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Radon is an important carcinogenic factor causing lung cancer. To reduce this risk legislators limit the annual average indoor radon (AAIR) concentration in buildings. However, the reliable assessment of AAIR is a problem, because indoor radon has significant temporal (daily, weekly and seasonal) variations. Despite the AAIR is tested in many countries for several decades, none of national regulations (the measurement protocol in USA, ISO and IAEA recommendations), provide an assessment of the AAIR uncertainty depending on the test duration. This allows neither optimizing the test duration, nor correct comparing the AAIR with reference levels. Thus, the main goal of the project is the assessment of the AAIR uncertainty based on the results of measurements with different duration and the development of reliable criteria for comparing the AAIR and reference levels. To accomplish this goal we propose to make: (a) preliminary short-term measurements in at least 180 buildings in Haifa to identify at least 12 experimental rooms with a high radon level, (b) complete annual radon monitoring in these rooms, also measuring the concentration of soil radon and its flow under single building. Based on the original algorithm to process monitoring data, the radon temporal variation coefficient values (depending on the measurement duration) will be obtained and verified. This coefficient is the main source of AAIR uncertainty. In addition, the degree of influence of environmental factors on indoor radon behavior (correction factor) will be determined. Using the correction factor can significantly reduce the AAIR uncertainty. The results of this study will help to: (a) apply in practice the principle of AAIR control firstly proposed by us, (b) revise the international standard (ISO), (c) develop a strategy to identify buildings with high radon, (d) assess the exposure doses from radon and create a map of radon hazard zones in Haifa (IL), (e) develop the career of the researcher.

Mots clés : radon, indoor air, exhalation, influence factors, experimental room, buildings, measurements, monitoring, survey, dose, variation, uncertainty, criteria, reference, standardisation, legislation

Participants :
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology (Israël) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 170509.2 €