Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet AGERISK (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The ability to make goal-directed decisions concerning one’s general well-being declines in later life. The primary—and potentially improvable—factor impacting this decline in decision-making performance is the learning process that precedes a decision. However, little is known about age-related changes in the neurocomputational mechanisms that underlie these learning processes. The goal of the proposed project is to identify these changes. The project will first identify age-related variability in decision-making performance across individuals and task environments, and then test what computational models from artificial intelligence best explain this variability. Because previous research has shown that decision-making performance declines as the complexity of the choice environment increases, the focus will be on performance in cognitively demanding environments that require goal-directed decisions from experience. The project will combine data from lab-based and home-based neurocognitive experiments, capitalizing on new developments in online experiments and webcam based eye tracking. The applicant’s unique research background brings the interdisciplinary range of skills together that is required for the project, combining experience in computational modelling techniques from artificial intelligence, large-scale data analysis from computational linguistics, and neurocognitive experiments. The proposed project promises to further the scientific understanding of the functional link between aging and decision-making performance. Its findings will ultimately help to empower aging decision makers to navigate cognitively demanding choice environments.


Participants :
- Freie Universität Berlin (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 171460.8 €
Projet ENGEMED (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The adaptive immune system mounts pathogen-specific responses against diverse microbes and establishes memory of past infections thus constituting the basis of vaccination. Although major advances have been made in understanding pertinent molecular and cellular phenomena, an understanding of the mechanistic principles that govern the emergence of an immune response has proven so far to be elusive. An example of a consequence of this missing knowledge is the inability to design a vaccine against HIV. The difficulty in elucidating the mechanistic principles underlying adaptive immune responses are due to the fact that the pertinent processes involve cooperative dynamic events with many participating components that must act collectively for a given phenomenon to emerge. Many groups around the world work on designing vaccines by trying to stimulate good antibodies that will neutralize the virus. In this project we propose an alternative strategy: by means of harnessing the cellular immune response, or the T cell immune response, which controls virus infected cells and controls infections in the body; this strategy might not prevent infection but it can certainly prevent disease. For this, computer-aided approaches will offer the possibility of defining fitness of highly mutable pathogens (and cancers) so that to facilitate rational design of vaccines and therapies. The proposed computer modeling of viral dynamics, can offer an unprecedented means to identify vulnerable regions of the virus through the application of statistical mechanics-based computer simulation of the evolution dynamics of escape mutants in HIV, guiding this way the engineering of efficacious vaccine immunogens for diverse viruses.


Participants :
- National Technical University of Athens (Grèce) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 236457.0 €
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet GATE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The advanced applications in 5G, such as Internet of Things, smart building, and smart city, are driving the growth of indoor broadband communications. Small cell is a promising technology to address capacity crunch problem in-building. Glass is a popular material widely used in modern buildings. Considering the factors of aesthetics and stability, embedding antennas into glass can be a good choice for deploying small cells indoors. However, how the glass impacts the wireless performance of a glass embedded antenna has not been well investigated. In this project, we will study the influence of EM properties of glass on the wireless performance and will design and optimise glass to achieve desirable wireless performance while maintaining acceptable optical and thermal properties. First, we will define measurable wireless performance metrics for glass embedded antennas, where the radiation efficiency, bandwidth, radiation pattern, coverage, and signal to interference plus noise ratio will be taken into account. Then, we will bridge the gap between ingredient ratios and structures of glass and the wireless performance of the embedded antenna. Three glass structures including coated glass, laminated glass and doping glass will be modeled. Finally, we will develop a method that can obtain a trade-off among wireless, optical and thermal performances of glasses. The ingredient ratio and structure of glass will be optimised in term of wireless performance under the constraints of optical and thermal performances, so that the glass can be multifunctional and smart. After this project, the benefits and feasibility of glass embedded antenna arrays can be assessed and the key technology of optimising glass embedded antennas can be established.

Mots clés : antenna, glass design, electromagnetic simulation, indoor communications

Participants :
- University of Sheffield (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 224933.76 €
Projet ANACLETO (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The aeroacoustic emission generated by the interaction between the trailing-edge of an airfoil and the layer of fluid near the airfoil surface (boundary layer) is known as trailing-edge noise. Trailing-edge noise is among the dominant sources of noise pollution from a landing aircraft and the most significant contributor of the aeroacoustic emissions of a wind turbine. Strategies for the abatement of this source of noise were developed over the last few years, but they deteriorate the aerodynamic performance (lift over drag ratio), which hinders their implementation in engineering solutions. Riblets on the other hand have never been explored in aeroacoustics, although they lead to a drag reduction of up to 10% when applied on a flat plate. Riblets are tiny surface protrusions aligned along the flow direction. A texture analogous to riblets is found in the wing feathers of the owl, the most silent bird in the animal kingdom when flying. To investigate how riblets of different geometries impact on the aeroacoustic and aerodynamic properties of an airfoil, this project pairs a researcher with experience in experimental fluid mechanics and turbulence research with an expert in aeroacoustics and numerical methods, achieving a mutually beneficial transfer of knowledge. The Fellow will examine the effects on noise and drag reduction of a complete set of independent geometrical parameters for the riblets. This will be followed by a detailed study of the flow physics using a complementary approach involving time-resolved tomographic particle image velocimetry at high spatial resolution and high-fidelity numerical simulations with the software PowerFLOW™. The project dissemination will target scientific communities where immediate impact is envisaged, comprising aeroacoustics, aerospace and energy engineering, and turbulence. This pairing and build of project will ensure the successful completion of this ambitious research project and promote the Fellow’s career development.

Mots clés : aeroacoustics, aerodynamics, turbulence, particle image velocimetry, wind tunnel tests, computational fluid dynamics, bio inspired strategy

Participants :
- Delft University of Technology (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 175572.48 €
Projet INFRATIME (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The agenda set by climate change is urgent and accelerating, and cities are at the forefront to respond to climate change effects, to harness the resources for sustainable transitions and to adopt long-term policies and strategies for viable urban futures by 2030-2050. At the same time, existing networked data infrastructures allow the everyday management of cities (e.g. mobility, energy, water) and also interact with the efforts to achieve the climate targets. Yet, most recent scientific evidence shows that the sustainability efforts are jeopardised by existing infrastructures and a further effort is needed already by 2030 to stop irreversible damage from climate change. Subsequently, cities need to revise their climate plans, anticipating their actions and aligning their sustainability goals to the new scenarios. The tensions between the urgent agenda of climate change, the testing of sustainable urban futures and the actual ICT infrastructures already in place for urban management produce multiple temporal interferences that influence the paths towards sustainability. Through INFRATIME, I will develop an innovative approach to understand the combined temporality and rhythm of urban transitions and smart urbanism. In so doing, I intend to offer relevant insights to better re-temporalize urban transformations to the climate change agenda. The partnership between the University of Bologna (IT) as Beneficiary and the University of Tokyo (JP) as Third Country organisation, including the planned inter-sectoral secondment in Nordregio (SE), will offer the ideal platform to pursue the research objectives. The Fellowship will thus ensure international, intersectoral and interdisciplinary training and supervision at the highest standards, allowing me to deliver scientific excellence, to increase my employability across academic and non-academic sectors in a European and global context, and ultimately achieve a leading position in the field of sustainable smart urbanism.

Mots clés : time, data infrastructures, smart cities, urban transitions, experimental urbanism, institutional change, urban governance, sustainability

Participants :
- The University of Tokyo (Japon) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of Bologna (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 258498.24 €
Projet EcoFRUIT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The agriculture is under a pressing need for alternatives to insecticides for pest control. The ban of three neonicotinoids used as insecticides was settled in April 2018 by the European Union. At the same time, agricultural productivity needs to rise to provide sufficient nutritious food for a growing population. Moreover, a recent study predicts an increase in global yield losses of rice, maize and wheat by 10-25% per degree of global mean surface warming due to increased population growth and metabolic rates of insects. Pheromones, which are naturally produced by different insect species, represent a health- and environment-friendly alternative to insecticides. Dispensing small amounts of sex pheromones in the fields or orchards confuses males, prevents mating and hence larvae formation. This method is called “mating disruption”. Pheromones are attractive, because they are biodegradable, species-specific compounds, which neither harm beneficial species nor humans. Nevertheless, pheromones are still not widely used, mainly because of the high costs of synthetic pheromones, labor-intensive application of pheromone dispensers, and lack of knowledge on efficacy of pheromone release methods. Therefore, the goal of the project is the sustainable and cost-efficient production of insect pheromones by fermentation in engineered oleaginous yeasts. Moreover, this project will also research into efficacy of different methods for pheromone release. As a consequence, the hurdles for a widespread pheromone usage will be decreased. This would support the development of a long-term sustainable and efficient agricultural sector. Through a wide dissemination and educational campaign, we will raise the awareness of pheromones as pesticide alternatives among farmers, politicians and the general public.

Mots clés : cell factories, bio based chemicals, pheromones, mating disruption, lepidoptera, synthetic biology, crop protection

Participants :
- Biophero aps (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 219312.0 €
Projet DAM-NET (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The aim of DAM-NET is to enable the Future Fellow (FF) to carry out a state-of the art research project, investigating how ruling elites can use the symbolic value of a large hydraulic infrastructure to construct and disseminate their particular idea of the nation and legitimize their hold on power. The study will expand on the largely unexplored link between water and social power, bringing new insights into the analysis of transboundary water relations and on the role that discourse and nationalism play in water politics. Throughout a varied set of activities, the project will allow transfer of knowledge and the training of the FF, thus improving his employability and career perspectives. Interdisciplinary in nature, DAM-NET will draw upon insights from International Relations (IR), nationalism studies and political geography to create a framework for the analysis of the politics of mega-dams. Specifically, two case studies – the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) in Ethiopia and the Rogun Dam (RD) in Tajikistan – will serve as a platform to analyse the discursive constructions surrounding mega-dams, and to map and unpack stakeholder and elite networks associated with the water sector in both countries. Besides their scholarly relevance, the research findings will provide important policy insights for a better understanding of the new boom in global dam building, and for the explanation of seemingly irreparable regional conflicts triggered by the construction of extremely costly megaprojects.

Mots clés : water, dams, tajikistan, ethiopia, nationalism

Participants :
- University of Manchester (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet FracTAlS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The aim of FracTAlS is to increase the understanding of the deformation mechanisms leading to and mediating cracking in high cycle fatigue loading of lightweight, structural aluminide intermetallics, in order to better direct microstructural and alloy development. Such materials are highly desirable for many rotating and airborne engineering applications but often suffer from prohibitive brittleness, particularly in fatigue. The project applies a combination of nanoscale strain mapping techniques recently developed by the host institution, and by Dr. Edwards, on novel in-situ meso- and micro-mechanical fatigue testing setups, to study deformation behaviour upon fatigue loading. Currently, the European hub plays a central role in the research and development of advanced gamma titanium aluminide alloys, such as for improved processability, and the large-scale production of γ-TiAl components. However, no significant improvements have been made to the fatigue properties of the lightweight γ-TiAl alloys in the past few decades, effectively limiting their widespread application in higher volume industries where they could result in considerable increases in fuel efficiency. Similarly, Mg aluminides, such as the γ-Mg17Al12 phase, possess outstanding strength to weight properties; given sufficient improvements to their toughness and fatigue performance, they would be excellent candidates for structural components in future, more ecologically friendly, aero-propulsion technologies where the operational temperatures are lower than gas turbine engines (e.g. electric and hybrid-electric). This project is closely aligned with EU policy on climate action and sustainable development as it targets reduced emissions through reduced hydrocarbon fuel consumption; its success will serve to increase the European confidence and knowledge-base in these material systems and, through further interaction with European industry, the extent of their use.

Mots clés : high cycle fatigue failure, aluminide intermetallics, digital image correlation strain mapping

Participants :
- Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology (Suisse) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 191149.44 €
Projet PLOMAT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The aim of PLOMAT, an innovative project on Commonplace Seals of Late Bronze Age Western Eurasia, is to offer new perspectives on the study of non-élite populations and the small-scale networks that operated at a time of art internationalization in the ancient world. PLOMAT will map the flows of materials and ideas in the Late Bronze Age by studying cylinder seals, which were an important and widely used class of object. Combining Digital Humanities and scientific material analysis with innovative archaeological and art historical theories, it will study for the first time the production and consumption of ‘commonplace’ cylinder seals in mid-second millennium BCE, which spread over a wide area from the Eastern Mediterranean to Central Western Asia. Seemingly produced en-masse on ‘low-cost’ materials, these artefacts represent an ideal subject for studying the flow of ideas across large areas in the ancient world. By developing and implementing novel computational methods and material analysis, and engaging with a bottom-up social archaeological approach, it will chart movements of people and ideas throughout East and West, provide for the first time a clear large volume of material analysis characterization, explore the appropriation and/or rejection of Mesopotamian material and visual culture and unveil elements of non-élite history of the region and its peoples. In addition to numerous essential transferable skills invaluable to the future world-class researcher and academic, PLOMAT will provide training in GIS and spatial analysis, exploratory multivariate statistics and X-ray fluorescence analysis of materials using Bruker Portable XRF Spectrometers. The expertise of senior researchers at the University of Cambridge, combined with available resources and facilities make it the ideal organisation to host the project and ER.

Mots clés : cylinder seals, digital humanities, commonplace art, western eurasia, late bronze age

Participants :
- University of Cambridge (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet POTI (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The aim of POTI is to investigate the relationship between people, objects and technologies at the interface of cultural encounters, and their role within multiscalar, diachronic interaction networks that characterise emerging complex social worlds within the Bronze Age Aegean (3100-1200 BC). The geographical setting of Aegean islands, with their connected seascapes and coastlines, offer a valuable arena for assessing the dynamics behind past cultural encounters and interaction networks. The primary training objective is to develop a diachronic approach for investigating material, technological and social interactions across multiple spatial scales. To achieve this, training in the application of broad comparative frameworks from island archaeology and Mediterranean network perspectives is needed to integrate the many interactions that constitute complex societies across multiple geographical and chronological horizons. By reassessing the rich assemblages and connections of the Bronze Age Aegean using this approach, cultural encounter interfaces for material culture change can be identified and characterised. Acquisition of GIS and multivariate statistical skills will enable the spatial and chronological mapping of these interfaces, which, anchored within theoretical frameworks of social vs. insular networks, will shed new light on these key arenas for understanding dynamic processes of social interaction, community participation and identity formation within the Bronze Age Aegean.


Participants :
- University of Cambridge (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €