Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet GRAPHICS (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Air pollution is the fourth global risk for human health, causing up to 6-8 million deaths annually worldwide. The main anthropogenic driver of air pollution is fossil fuel combustion, which is also the main source of greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, the implementation of alternative long-term mitigation strategies, aligned with the Paris Agreement, the European Green Deal, or the promotion of the Sustainable Development Goals will have direct implications for human health attributable to air pollution. While different studies have estimated health impacts attributable to long-term exposure to ambient air pollution, these have focused on the region level, and do not incorporate population heterogeneity considerations (e.g. income groups). Furthermore, household air pollution is normally ignored in global scenario analysis. In this framework, the aim of the GRAPHICS project is to include population heterogeneity in the analysis of health impacts attributable to ambient and household air pollution. First, GRAPHICS will explore which is the current and future contribution of different population groups to air pollution for alternative scenarios at regional level. Then, the project will estimate the health impacts attributable to air pollution for the different groups in a business as usual scenario, and how they benefit from the implementation of alternative scenarios, co-designed with multilevel stakeholders, that represent different socioeconomic narratives, policies to reduce income inequality, air pollution control policies, or deep decarbonization strategies. For that purpose, GRAPHICS will apply a unique, open-source, integrated methodology that subsequently links an enhanced integrated assessment model with air quality tools developed during the project. GRAPHICS will make me grow professionally and achieve the next step in my research career, and it will open avenues for future research that will also benefit the hosting and collaborating institutions.

Mots clés : health co benefits deep decarbonization social inequality integrated assessment modelling

Participants :
- CERCA Institution (Espagne) — Partner, associated partner, Recherche, subvention : 0.0 €
- Basque Centre for Climate Change (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 181152.96 €
Projet RedNitro3D (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Ammonia is a fundamental molecule to produce fertilizers. It is one of the largest human-synthesized chemicals. Most of the ammonia is produced by the well-known Haber-Bosch (H-B) process, that is an energy-intensive industrial process, consuming around 1 to 2% of the worldwide energy output, and is responsible for large emission of greenhouse gases in the form of CO2. Therefore, alternative ways of producing ammonia with less environmental impact are urgently needed. Another very serious environmental problem is the nitrate contamination of water and soil, with dire consequences for aquatic ecosystems and human health. Reducing nitrate levels in groundwaters is paramount and is in line with the strategy of the European commission to preserve the balance of the ecosystem. To address these problems, electrochemical nitrate to ammonia conversion emerges as an ideal alternative, since nitrate pollution can be effectively reduced in waters, at the time that ammonia is produced on a decentralized scale. In this sense, RedNitro3D takes a step forward in solving these problems, by providing a viable strategy to reduce nitrate pollution, and at the same time take advantage of this process to obtain ammonia as a value-added product, generating profit, and enhancing the sustainability of the process. Thus, combining the electrochemical nitrate to ammonia conversion with the advances in 3D printing technology, a scalable method to prepare cathodes for electrolyzers for nitrate to ammonia conversion is proposed in RedNitro3D. The project will be implemented by following three main objectives: i) benchmarking state-of-the-art electrocatalysts, ii) integrating those electrocatalyst in a printable FDM filament to produce 3D printed cathodes, and iii) the design and implementation of a 3D printed electrolyzer containing the electrodes prepared previously. This project persues to achieve the revalorization of waste, and paves the way towards a circular economy.

Mots clés : 3d printing, nitrate reduction, nitrate to ammonia conversion, electrocatalysis, electrolyzers

Participants :
- Université des technologies de Brno (Rép. Tchèque) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 166278.72 €
Projet IVERdrought (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Drought-induced plant mortality is increasing across the world and inter-individual variation (IIV) in embolism resistance (a key driver of plant death) is a likely important, but unknown, factor in the ability of plant species to tolerate and adapt to drought. Recent research has shown that embolisms (air-bubbles that form in the plant water transport system under drought-stress) cause tissue death, highlighting the critical importance of quantifying embolism resistance for understanding drought damage and death. Recently developed, non-invasive techniques to visualise embolism (such as the OVT, the use of optical cameras and light) enable us to quantify how embolism resistance varies within, between and among individuals. Emerging research using the OVT suggests that IIV in embolism resistance is high in the canopies of drought-resistant trees. Utilising both natural and experimental systems, IVERdrought will investigate the role of IIV in leaf embolism resistance at the species-scale for the first time, and determine how coordination or trade-off’s with other traits may confer species drought resistance. This project will combine physiology, ecology, statistics and more, involve a global network of researchers, a highly skilled supervisor and host institution, and activities to engage scientists and the local and global community. The applicant, Dr Kate Johnson, has the ideal technical and communication skills to undertake this project, which is also perfectly designed to expand her skillset, leveraging her career. By interpreting key aspects of plant physiology through the lens of ecology, IVERdrought will bridge the gap between these fields, providing a novel and urgently needed assessment of what drives species drought resistance in an increasingly arid world.

Mots clés : xylem, plants, ecology, physiology, drought, stress, embolism, variation, resistance, tolerance, plasticity, adaption, acclimation

Participants :
- CERCA Institution (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 165312.96 €
Projet HDAD (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Mathematics
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Approximation and discretization are two steps of making high dimensional problems more computationally feasible. On the one hand, both the approximation of certain functional classes by simpler functions and the discretization of underlying space while preserving certain important properties are classical problems. On the other hand, new trends and challenges in pure mathematics and applications lead to new approximation and discretization problems.  The main goal of this research is to study certain high dimensional approximation and discretization problems. Firstly, we intend to obtain new innovative results in the problem of integral norms discretization both in the important special case of algebraic polynomials on convex domains and in the general case of any finite dimensional subspace of continuous functions. Secondly, we will study the dependence of the rate of approximation by polynomials on the smoothness properties of functions. While this second problem itself is classical our main aim is to study it in new settings. Finally, both described problems will require the study of various properties of multivariate algebraic polynomials.  The stated goals require the development of a new technique involving a combination of classical analytic and new probabilistic approaches. In order to develop this new technique, the researcher will work under the supervision of Sergey Tikhonov, who is one of the most experienced researchers in the fields of harmonic analysis, approximation, and discretization. While working with the supervisor, the researcher will acquire techniques of classical approximation theory. Then this new obtained techniques will be combined with the researcher's own expertise in probabilistic approaches in functional analysis.  In conclusion, this MSC fellowship will allow the applicant to obtain new important results in various research areas. This will support him as an independent researcher and advance his career opportunities within the EU.

Mots clés : approximation, discretization, function spaces, gaussian measures, convex sets

Participants :
- CERCA Institution (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 165312.96 €
Projet SEISMI-COS (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Understanding the processes controlling the seismogenic behaviour (seismic vs. aseismic) of deformation in convergent margins is one of the fundamental unresolved scientific and societal challenges. Despite the elevated seismic hazard posed by damaging earthquakes in populated areas where continental subduction occurs (e.g. Taiwan 1999 Chi Chi MW = 7.6; Nepal 2015 Gorkha MW = 7.8), little is known about the parameters controlling the seismogenic behaviour of the subducted quartz-rich continental crust. Current geophysical and experimental observations suggest a tight interplay between the presence of, or lack thereof, fluids and the rheology of subducted continental crust. In the SEISMI-COS project I will quantify how rheology and petrophysics controlled the seismogenic behaviour of fossil analogues of deformation zones developed during continental subduction. I will investigate the deformation structures developed at progressively larger depths during Alpine subduction, now exposed at the surface in different tectonic units of Northern Corsica. By integrating field structural and digital analyses, cutting-edge microstructural analyses (EBSD, m-CT), with laboratory measurement of petrophysical properties (lab gas-permeameter) I will quantify the microstructural processes and petrophysical properties characterizing the deformation behaviour of the continental crust at progressively larger subduction depths. This will allow me to provide the input parameters for rheological and numerical models, through which I will investigate the how rheology and petrophysics interact to control the deformation mode, and to test the inferences made from field and microstructural investigations on the seismogenic behaviour. These results will bring us groundbreaking insights on the parameters and processes controlling seismogenesis in continental subduction zones.

Mots clés : structural geology, earthquake geology, fault rheology, fault petrophysics, permeability, subduction zones

Participants :
- Université de Florence (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 193643.28 €
- Conseil supérieur de la recherche scientifique (Espagne) — Partner, associated partner, Recherche, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet DCStars (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Stars like our Sun are complex systems in which hydrogen fusion occurs in the radiative core, and heat is transported by convection in the outer part. The two most important regions in Sun-like stars are the optical surface and the transition region between the radiative core and the convective envelop, called the tachocline. The tachocline, which is believed to be responsible for generating stellar global magnetic fields (also related to the 11-year solar cycle), is a complicated region where the effect of rotation, magnetic field, diffusion of elements, and convective overshoot interplays. In this project, we will carry out global convection simulations that range from radiative interior to the lower atmosphere for the Sun and a few F-type stars using the state-of-the-art DISPATCH code. Our ab initio simulations will include complex physical processes such as rotation and magnetic fields and are free from approximations typically adopted in previous works. Based on these simulations, the applicant will quantitively study the problem of overshooting and gravity wave excitation near the tachocline, which are crucial for a better understanding of the solar modeling problem, the anomalous abundance of lithium in the Sun, and the cosmological lithium problem.

Mots clés : hydrodynamics, stellar interiors, turbulence, overshoot, waves

Participants :
- Université d'Oslo (Norvège) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 226751.04 €
Projet CHAOCLRSC (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The objective of CHAOCLRSC is to fill a significant gap in the history of Oceanic languages by providing a comparative-historical analysis of the clausal structure in the Reefs-Santa Cruz (RSC) languages spoken on the Reef Islands and Santa Cruz (SC). Despite being classified as Oceanic, RSC show unexpected features, including unusual patterns of clausal structure. In particular, Äiwoo displays a symmetrical voice system, a type of clausal structure which is highly unusual in the Oceanic family. In this respect, Äiwoo differs significantly from the other RSC languages, in that, like most Oceanic languages, they display transitivity-based systems. The presence of a symmetrical voice system in Äiwoo is of interest for the history of the Oceanic subgroup, since voice systems are thought to have been lost in the transition from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (PMP) to Proto-Oceanic (POc). Recent studies on Äiwoo and SC systems have shown that the two systems are unusual in two different ways. Äiwoo can be seen as ‘transitional’ because it retains a symmetrical voice system with Oceanic morphology, whereas SC languages retain some voice-like characteristics in otherwise largely transitivitybased systems. Historically, the change from PMP to Äiwoo represents one stage of development from symmetrical voice to the Oceanic transitivity-based system, while the differences between Äiwoo and SC may represent a further stage. This makes comparative-historical work on SC clause structures an urgent priority. More broadly, understanding how the shift from a symmetrical voice system to a transitivity-based has happened in RSC will contribute to our understanding of the general principles governing both individual systems and, more generally, the change from one clausal system to the other

Mots clés : austronesian languages oceanic languages clausal structure transitivity valency changing morphology grammatical relations austronesian voice systems linguistic typology historical linguistics

Participants :
- Université d'Oslo (Norvège) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 210911.04 €
Projet FUNCTUMUS (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Streaming, now the dominant format for music consumption, has fundamentally altered music’s role in daily life. With platforms encouraging users to engage with music as a tool for mood regulation and activity enhancement through curated playlists and streams, this shift has created whit might be termed a functional turn in music. However, not all music is created with a specific function in mind, leading to the appropriation and repackaging of existing genres for functional purposes. Despite this growing trend, the broader effects of this transformation on the musical practices of listening, production, and curation remain under-explored. FUNCTUMUS addresses this gap by investigating the functional appropriation of music through a case study of lofi hiphop (LFHH). Originating in the early 2000s, LFHH was rebranded in the 2010s as “music to relax/study to” by online curators, and the rhythms, grooves, and compositional structures of subsequent LFHH have evidently adapted to fit this new functional role. The functional appropriation has also reshaped practices of listening, production, and curation associated with the genre, causing friction between its functional and creative dimensions. FUNCTUMUS builds on these observations to examine the functional appropriation of LFHH from the perspectives of listeners, producers, and curators, whilst also accounting for its cognitive-behavioural effects and the hegemonic systems of power and in which it is embedded. The study employs Netnographic observation of online communities central to LFHH and qualitative interviews with listeners, producers, and curators, supported by musical analysis. A unique theoretical framework, drawing from Musicology, Sociology, and Semiotics, underpins the research, offering a comprehensive exploration of how digital streaming reshapes the form and function of contemporary music.

Mots clés : digital streaming, music streaming, functional music, semiotics, hip hop, genre

Participants :
- Université d'Oslo (Norvège) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 251578.56 €
Projet BISCUITS (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and dementia is rapidly increasing worldwide and is therefore a major public health concern. Carbohydrate intake (40-80%) represents the main source of energy in most populations and the quality more than the quantity has a large effect on health. Recently, a “carbohydrate quality index” (CQI) emerged as a exposure that captures the combined and potentially synergistic effects of dietary glycemic index and intakes of total fiber, whole grains, and liquid or solid carbohydrates in a comprehensive manner. A high dietary carbohydrate quality assessed by the CQI has been associated with lower risk of T2D, CVD, and intermediate risk factors. However, the precise mechanisms of the associated beneficial effects offered by high CQI scores remain unresolved partially due to the lack of accurate biomarkers reflecting their exposure and the minimal information available on how CQI impacts the gut microbiota. The main objective of BISCUITS is to identify multi-omics signatures of dietary carbohydrate quality assessed by the CQI and evaluate their associations with the risk of chronic diseases in adult populations. We will integrate metabolomics and microbiota datasets using novel machine learning algorithms to identify combined panels of metabolites and microbial species reflecting the exposure to high CQI scores. We will also investigate the potential associations of these signatures with the risk of T2D, CVD, and dementia in two populations. Similar studies to this are not available in the literature and have the potential to discover novel biomarkers of CQI exposure and map biochemical mechanisms explaining the complex relationship between CQI and these diseases. This could open new avenues for the prevention and management of cardiometabolic and neurodegenerative diseases, resulting in easy-to-follow lifestyle recommendations and strategies that general population and patients can easily adopt.

Mots clés : metabolomics microbiota diet carbohydrates quality biomakers chronic diseases

Participants :
- École polytechnique Chalmers (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 222727.68 €
- CERCA Institution (Espagne) — Partner, associated partner, Recherche, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet NeurogENSity (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) encompasses two gastrointestinal conditions - Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis - which currently lack satisfactory treatment. IBD is associated with alterations to the enteric nervous system (ENS) of the gut, including the formation of new neurons (‘neurogenesis’) and changes in the properties of existing neurons (‘neuroplasticity’). Growing evidence suggests an interplay between acute inflammation and ENS pathology. Despite this, detailed characterisation of ENS alterations, their underlying molecular mechanisms, and how inflammation may induce them during IBD, is not well understood. The Marklund laboratory has recently uncovered a stepwise diversification model of enteric neurogenesis, suggesting that during embryonic development, subtype identities are specified through identity conversions in post-mitotic neurons. This work leads to the intriguing possibility that the identity of terminally-differentiated enteric neurons may, in fact, be flexible. However, whether stepwise diversification is present during adult inflammation-induced neurogenesis, and whether neuronal identity can be altered by extrinsic stimuli such as inflammation, remains to be assessed. Using a colitis model of IBD, single cell RNA sequencing of ENS and immune cells and spatial transcriptomics, NeurogENSity will characterise the composition of the inflamed ENS, revealing the cellular changes occurring as a result of acute inflammation. Pseudotime trajectory analysis, in combination with lineage tracing experiments, will address the nature of adult enteric neuronal identity specification. ENS-immune interactions which may underlie neurogenic and neuroplastic alterations will be identified, and their relevance assessed using cell depletion assays. Together, NeurogENSity will identify mechanisms underlying inflammation-induced alterations to the ENS, paving the way for targeted treatments of ENS dysfunction during IBD.

Mots clés : ens neurogenesis neuroplasticity

Participants :
- Institut Karolinska (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 206887.68 €