Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet WAMSA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The origins of modern humans are hotly debated among researchers. However, fossils, genetic and archaeological data are increasingly supporting a deep, long-lasting and complex evolution, with key biological and cultural changes occurring relatively recently. These changes include possible genetic exchanges between Homo sapiens and late (i.e. ~45ka) “ghost” archaic specimens in Africa, the surprisingly late persistence of archaic morphological traits in Homo sapiens (i.e. ~16-12ka) and a concurrent late persistence of Middle Stone Age technology (i.e. 12ka), usually associated with time periods in excess of 30 thousand years. These key Late Pleistocene features all have West Africa in common and point to this long-neglected region as critically important for understanding the final stages of human evolution prior to the development, spread and homogenizing effects of agriculture. Given that these changes occurred prior to a significant period of mixing and migration both within Africa and beyond, understanding processes of late human evolution in West Africa are critically important, if chronically understudied. Was West Africa isolated from other regions of the continent, thus forming an important reservoir of biological diversity? Or were these unique features of the West African record the result of cultural boundaries, and therefore perhaps among the earliest examples of the defining features of cultural diversity today. The WAMSA project will test these hypotheses and unravel the cultural patterning and sequence of the West African MSA between ~40-11 ka, thus elucidating key late processes of human evolution from a major – and critically under researched - world region. To adequately address this question the project will use an interdisciplinary approach which combines results of archaeological investigations with computational model (ecology, demography) underpinned by the "human niche approach”.

Mots clés : middle stone age  msa, west africa, african middle, late pleistocene, lithic analysis, computational modelling, human evolution, cultural boundaries

Participants :
- Max Planck Society (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 174806.4 €
Projet OSCAR (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The outstanding catalytic activity of gold nanoparticles (NPs) on metal-oxide supports has attracted enormous interest not only for fundamental understanding but also for the design and synthesis of a new generation of efficient catalysts. At the current time, one of the main technical challenges for gold catalyst applications is the stability in terms of sintering during use. As for many heterogeneous catalysts, the characterization of the gold NPs morphology in operating conditions is essential for progress towards practical use. The issue is currently treated by X-ray diffraction at synchrotron radiation facilities. The present project (OSCAR) foresees a breakthrough. It aims to develop an optical method, namely Surface Differential Reflectivity Spectroscopy (SDRS), to determine operando at the laboratory the shape and size of NPs on the basis of their plasmonic response. The challenge is to combine non-invasive SDRS measurements for determining NP morphology to reactivity measurements in realistic conditions. The case study is the archetypal case of CO oxidation on supported gold NPs, for which the relationship between NPs size/shape and reactivity is vividly debated. The catalytic activity of gold NPs will be examined both on a reducible substrate, rutile TiO2(110), and on an irreducible substrate, MgO(100) films on Ag(100), to determine the crucial role played by the supporting metal-oxide substrate.

Mots clés : operando surface differential reflectivity spectroscopy, gold nanoparticles, metal oxide interfaces, catalysis, scanning tunneling microscopy, photoemission spectroscopy

Participants :
- Sorbonne Université (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 173076.0 €
Projet AscNet (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The overall aim of the action is to clearly demonstrate that the application of the interdisciplinary theoretical and methodological portfolio of rising Digital Humanities to the study of ancient history is a promising path towards generating new knowledge about the past. I intend to push forward this notion by realizing a research project focusing on the innovative application of quantitative methods to analyze the potentially favorable conditions involved in the spatial dissemination of the cult of the Greek god of medicine Asclepius across the Roman Empire. The proposed research project aims to address the problem in the academic discussion that, so far, this topic has been explored mainly by established historiographical methods which are limited when dealing with the complex interplay among different variables involved in the spreading dynamics. The action will take place at the Department of Archaeology, History, Cultural Studies and Religion at the University in Bergen (UiB). The unique combination of my skills consisting of traditional training in the study of history and expertise in quantitative methods such as geospatial and mathematical modeling, network science and quantitative textual analysis will create a collaborative synergy with the interdisciplinary research efforts at the Department of Archaeology, History, Cultural Studies and Religion at UiB, i.e. efforts which are often lacking in other, more traditional discipline-based, departments. My supervisor will be Prof. Eivind Heldaas Seland, who is internationally recognized specialist on ancient history and shares with me the perspective on the importance of promoting the interdisciplinary science of history. The fellowship at UiB will allow me to fully engage in international research with high impact and enable me to shape the conceptualization of the future research directions and interdisciplinary collaborations in the related fields such as archaeology, study of religions, or historiography.

Mots clés : cult of asclepius, ancient mediterranean, roman empire, spreading dynamics, quantitative approaches

Participants :
- University of Bergen (Norvège) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 202158.72 €
Projet BioALFA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The overall aim of the planned research is to test whether pro-aging and pro-youthful blood factors are associated with cognitive performance and neuroimaging outcomes in normal ageing and in individuals at risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and whether this association is modified by lifestyle habits (e.g. exercise or diet) or genetic factors. Ageing is the most important risk factor for AD. However, the exact mechanism that link ageing and AD is still unknown and, up to now, potential therapies for AD by targeting ageing have been poorly explored. Thus, in the present project we aim to provide a better understanding of the link between ageing and AD by measuring in human blood those factors that have been found to be ‘pro-youthful’ (GDF-11) or ‘pro-aging’ (CCL2, CCL11 and CCL19) in experimental animal models, but have not been comprehensively studied in humans. For these purposes, we will first develop novel and highly specific and sensitive assays based on the state-of-the-art Simoa platform. Next, we will measure these factors in the participants of the ALFA (Alzheimer and Families) study, which is currently taking place in the Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Centre (BBRC), the host institution of this project. The ALFA cohort is composed of 2743 cognitively healthy individuals (45 to 75 years old) from which comprehensive clinical, neuropsychological, neuroimaging, genetic and environmental and lifestyle factors data are already available. Measurements will be performed in two steps: a training cohort and a validation cohort. Finally, we will investigate the association of the levels of the pro-aging/pro-youthful blood factors with features known to be related to AD such as clinical and life-style variables, neuroimaging outcomes and signatures and genetic variables. Altogether, the results of this project will clarify whether those blood pro-aging or pro-youthful factors may become potential therapeutic targets in AD.

Mots clés : alzheimer s disease, ageing, blood biomarkers, preclinical alzheimer s disease

Participants :
- Barcelonabeta (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 158121.6 €
Projet SRR (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The overall aim of the project is to fill an important gap in the scholarship on international economic law (IEL) by subjecting to analytical and empirical scrutiny a central notion in this field: the idea that, in order to safeguard the possibility of meaningful democratic choice, IEL needs to find an appropriate balance between the conflicting values of investment protection or free trade, on the one hand, and the states’ ability to regulate in the public interest, on the other. Employing tools from legal research, political philosophy, international relations and economics, the project unravels this notion of a fundamental trade-off and assesses the extent to which the image of balance is able to capture the substance of the criticism levelled at the international trade regime and the present system of investment arbitration. The project has three parts. The first part will be concerned with necessary theoretical preliminaries and, in particular, with the question of whether the two opposing considerations are really unrelated (as the image of balance suggests). The second part will go into the nitty-gritty of the contemporary debate about rebalancing IEL by examining the numerous legal techniques recently proposed by scholars/policy makers for moving towards the desired point. The third part of the project addresses the question of whether an adjustment in substantive rules can be expected to make any difference at all if the present institutional set-up does not change. It studies the relationship between balanced outcomes and institutional balance, seeking to answer the question of whether the conditions for a balanced interpretation (however defined) of trade and investment treaties can be produced only by a system of checks and balances at the level of institutions.

Mots clés : economics

Participants :
- Harvard University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of Tartu (Estonie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 228421.8 €
Projet Supra-Nat (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The overall aim of the research is to provide a new theoretical basis for a principle-based EU challenge to the domestic judicial interpretations of constitutional identity. It is of utmost importance, because East Central European courts apply an ethno-cultural understanding of identity, thereby putting European integration in peril. Although the EU is clearly committed to shared values and principles, Article 4(2) of the Treaty on European Union emphasizes that “the Union shall respect the national identities of the Member States”. Due to the recent migration flow, the Member States are currently attempting to define themselves and offer a legal definition of identity. However, East Central European Member States, by labeling national identity as constitutional identity, apply Article 4(2) as a means of derogating from some of their obligations under EU law. Despite the vast literature available on national identity and its role in EU law, there has been little attention paid to the recently emerging trend of judicial reinvention of identity in East Central Europe. This is what this research offers. It focuses on the Visegrád Group (V4), which consists of the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia. The V4 countries are united in their views on rejecting migrant relocation quotas in the EU and define their exclusionary constitutional identities accordingly. The main subject of the research is the relevant case law of the constitutional courts, since the V4 courts have an authoritative role in enforcing nation-state policies based upon ethno-cultural considerations. The project provides a new theoretical basis and a comparative-analytical description of the judicial interpretations of constitutional identity in the V4 countries based on which we can better understand the recent East Central European trend of disintegration. Furthermore, the results provide a principal-based tool for an EU challenge to the judicial interpretations of constitutional identity.

Mots clés : national constitutional identity, east central europe, judicial interpretation, european constitutionalism, contestation

Participants :
- Leibniz Association (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 171460.8 €
Projet CLIMOVE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The overall aim of this fellowship is to provide a comprehensive and innovative socio-legal analysis of climate change-induced migration in the EU from a gender perspective. The migration policies and laws existing within the EU and its member States ignore the climate change and gender as causes of migration flows, although the EU is among the world's top three CO2 emitters after China and the United States, responsible of climate change induced migration. Ignoring such dimensions, gender and climate, impede first to protect those who are the most vulnerable, in particular women and girls as migrants; second, to prevent social conflicts, discrimination and human rights violations within the EU; and third to consider the beneficial labor and economic effect of female migration for host societies. Responding to this legal and policy gap, this multi-disciplinary project aims to accomplish the following two objectives: 1) to develop a comparative analysis on the comprehensive legal framework of the EU member states on migration, climate change and gender, including the identification of good practices and regulatory improvements and 2) to exploring all the possible regulatory improvements at EU level and at the domestic level to cope with the insufficient commitment and protection of EU towards climate migration from a gender perspective. To accomplish these objective, the applicant will obtained advanced training in methodological and doctrinal training in migration and climate studies, using an innovative feminist methodology, contributing to acquire new skills to problematize the deficiencies and to propose new EU legal avenues. The project’s scientific importance, operationalised through its 5 work packages and associated scholarly impact and dissemination activities, lies in its original contribution as the first multi-disciplinary study to propose these new socio-legal avenues at EU level, necessary to properly recognize and protect climate gendered migration.

Mots clés : gender climate migration, migration crisis, climate change emergency, climate migration, eu migration policy, eu socio legal avenues

Participants :
- University of Macerata (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 85736.64 €
Projet MIGRANT LAW RUSSIA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The overall aim of this fellowship is to train and develop an early career researcher through a research project that focuses on undocumented labour migrants’ legal culture and socio-legal integration in a politically hybrid regime. The project uses the case of Russia, a hybrid political regime and the world’s second largest recipient of labour migrants, to investigate how undocumented migrants negotiate and manoeuvre around the restrictive socio-legal environment through producing new ways of informal governance and legal order. The project aims to accomplish the following three objectives: (1) to develop a theoretically robust understanding of undocumented migrants’ socio-legal integration in politically hybrid regimes’; (2) to produce new ethnographic material about the relationship between undocumented migrants, employers, law-enforcement structures and protection rackets (i.e. ‘parallel legal orders’) in the Russian migrant labour market and situate these processes within a broader governance and rule of law debate; and (3) to advance the applicant’s research skills, theoretical development and professional maturity. These objectives will be accomplished through a structured and individually tailored research and career development programme. Academically, the objectives will be achieved by exploring undocumented labour migrants’ legal culture and socio-legal integration in the context of Russia. To accomplish the career development objectives, the applicant will obtain advanced training in qualitative and ethnographic research methods that will enable him to exploit empirical research for theoretical development and publications. The objectives pertinent to the work programme are as follows: they provide a solid foundation for research training and data collection, which in turn is utilised for publications and a grant application (ERC Starting Grant), which play a pivotal role in the applicant’s career advancement and consolidation of his research profile.

Mots clés : migration, shadow economy, informal governance structures, sociology of law, law and society in putin s russia, mafia, protection rackets

Participants :
- University of Helsinki (Finlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 191325.6 €
Projet EAGRE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Doctoral Networks - Industrial Doctorates
Panel : Mathematics
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The overall objective is to create and deliver computational/mathematical modelling tools for solving problems in maritime engineering, based on advanced mathematical/numerical analysis and efficient implementation and testing in a general finite-element simulation environment offered by Firedrake (Imperial College with Leeds). Our key task is to offer training/research such that a so-called "numerical wavetank" is established by two ESRs for use in maritime-engineering wave basins, such as operational for consulting at the Maritime Research Institute Netherlands (MARIN Academy). Our research will provide the ESRs with a skill set that is highly attractive in the job market to employers engaged in high-end consulting. The integrated objectives are to create: (i) a numerical wavetank “ExtremeWaves” (ESR1) concerning modelling of extreme or rogue waves in wave basins integrated with (ii) a numerical wavetank “WaveTurbineImpact” (ERS2) concerning wave-structure interactions, especially wave-impact, on a dynamic wind-turbine mast. The overall objectives build on our recent and current collaborative work (between U. of Leeds and MARIN Academy) on the modelling of water waves and wave-structure interactions with (dis)continuous Galerkin finite-element methods. The above objectives offer challenging demands, not least because the prediction of wave motion around moving or flexible structures is a difficult computational task as a result of the requirement to track (generally using a sophisticated approximation) the a-priori-unknown nonlinear air-water and water-structure interfaces (and their cross-section, the waterline). Conquering these demands is timely because numerical simulations are cheaper than laboratory tests. Moreover, because in realistically motivated challenges mathematical modelling, laboratory testing and cross-validation via computational simulation are inextricably entwined, we view them all as essential components in our so-called "Research Trinity".

Mots clés : maritime engineering, water waves, rogue waves, wave impact on wind turbines, finite element modelling

Participants :
- University of Leeds (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 606345.12 €
- Maritime Research Institute Netherlands (Pays-Bas) — Partner, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 0.0 €
Projet GlycoImaging (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Doctoral Networks
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The overall objective of Glyco Imaging is to develop novel assays for detection of glycans as biomarkers associated with aggressive and metastatic cancer forms. The assays will be developed for biomarker detection in blood, urine, cells and tissue. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs), or plastic antibodies, have been developed for targeting the human glycan sialic acid (SA), or Neu5Ac. The efficiency of the Neu5Ac specific SAMIPs targeted to the biomarker SA in different solvents (methanol, water, phosphate buffer) will be exploited. The non-human Neu5Gc, which is incorporated into human glycoconjugates through dietary sources such as red meat, and shown to be involved in malignant cell transformation in humans, will also be investigated by using highly specific Neu5Gc-SAMIPs. The imaging and detection techniques used will be based on fluorescence, 3D-viewing of cancer cells by digital holographic microscopy and magnetic separation columns. The results in this research consortium will lead to major technological advances having impact on 1) health care, since it will develop more accurate and reliable diagnostics of aggressive and metastatic cancers, 2) drug discovery allowing a faster and cheaper biomarker targeting and detection; and 3) biochemistry research laboratories in resulting in improved understanding of glycan expression in cancer, with emphasis on aggressive metastatic cancer. The training of researchers will be performed by a consortium consisting of 6 partners with biomedical, imaging and particle synthesis skills (4 groups, one institution, one technology company). This forms the basis for a very competent interdisciplinary training program with high quality in both education and research. 8 early stage researchers (ESRs) working on specific tasks within 5 work packages will follow a rich training program providing a well-balanced spectrum of scientific, business and entrepreneurial skills.

Mots clés : glycan, sialic acid, tumor, malignant, imaging, fluorescent, magnetic, clinical, diagnostic, nanoparticle

Participants :
- University of Turku (Finlande) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 269145.36 €
- Phase holographic imaging phi ab (Suède) — Partner, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 263659.32 €
- University of Copenhagen (Danemark) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 580163.76 €
- Umeå University (Suède) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 263659.32 €
- Federal Institute For Materials Research and Testing (Allemagne) — Partner, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 498432.96 €
- Malmö University (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 263659.32 €