Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet EXTREME (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Extreme climate events (ECEs) are projected to increase in magnitude and frequency as global warming intensifies the global water cycle. Global warming is also changing species distribution patterns by affecting native plant communities and by enabling alien species to expand beyond their native range. We increasingly realize that climate change and biological invasions act together, leading to even more dramatic outcomes. However, how ECEs will affect the incidence and strength of biological invasions remains poorly understood. Therefore, the overall objective of EXTREME is to develop a mechanistic understanding of how increased climatic variability and ECEs affect alien plant invasions. I will relate the incidence of species invasiveness with climate variability and the occurrence of ECEs, using drylands as study system. A novel approach to develop further understanding is the inclusion of genomic features in explaining the response to ECEs. A modelling approach will be combined with a common-garden experiment to study the effect of drought and heavy rainfall on the performance of native and alien plant species in a model dryland system in South Africa. EXTREME will allow me to diversify my individual competence by acquiring new skills (statistical and climate modelling and GIS) and competencies (academic leadership, proposal writing, project management). EXTREME will strongly benefit my inter-sectoral and interdisciplinary expertise and strengthen my international network, which is also beneficial for the host. A two-way transfer of knowledge is guaranteed since EXTREME combines my expertise in invasion and evolutionary ecology with the host’s expertise in the effect of climate variability and extremes. Therefore, EXTREME is not only expected to catalyse my career development, but will contribute to Europe’s knowledge-based economy and society by providing invaluable knowledge on climate change and invasive species that is of the highest priority in the EU.

Mots clés : extreme climatic events, climatic variability, invasive species, drylands, plants, precipitation, whole genome duplication, polyploidy

Participants :
- Wageningen University & Research (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 177598.8 €
Projet UMBRELLE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Extreme precipitation events are among the most damaging climate extremes worldwide. Globally, precipitation extremes are expected to intensify as the climate warms, however, Europe stands out as a region with weak confidence in future extreme precipitation changes. Our lack of knowledge is explained by the variety of mechanisms at play, from local to hemispheric scales, and by two persisting limitations: the deep convection not explicitly resolved in climate models and large uncertainties in future regional atmospheric circulation changes. UMBRELLE aims to characterise the evolution of precipitation extremes over the 21st century in Europe and to provide more reliable projected changes by better understanding the physical mechanisms at play. Innovative modelling experiments are proposed to explore how observed extreme precipitation case studies could respond to climate change and what mechanisms control the future changes. To that end, novel data, tools and methods will be exploited through the use of high-spatial convection-permitting regional climate modelling for the realistic simulation of extreme precipitation that will be combined with the emergent ‘storylines’ approach to identify plausible future pathways for regional atmospheric circulation from a large ensemble of state-of-the-art Earth System Models. The original framework offered by UMBRELLE will allow a leap in our understanding of the regional impacts of climate change on extreme precipitation. It directly addresses each of the two current limitations in our knowledge and provides an innovative way to bridge the gap between the fine scale explicit simulation of precipitation and the most comprehensive simulation of the climate system in order to benefit from their respective strengths and latest advances. This project proposes ambitious research that will not only address one of the most pressing issues affecting the global research community but will be of profound societal benefit.

Mots clés : climate extremes, extreme events of precipitation, regional atmospheric circulation, convection permitting simulation, global warming

Participants :
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 128953.92 €
Projet PROTECT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Extreme weather events, such as heatwaves, droughts and flooding, have a devastating impact on humanity, causing increased mortality and suffering, as well as economic losses. Skillful predictions of such events, with sufficient lead-time for adaptation procedures can provide huge benefits to humankind. Recent extreme events, including the severe European and Russian heatwaves, have been found to be associated with particular atmospheric wave dynamics, specifically the propagation of Rossby waves along atmospheric waveguides. Our proposed research will explore the seasonal predictability of extreme events through a lens of atmospheric waveguides and Rossby wave propagation. We will answer four key research questions: I. What is the predictability of dominant modes of variability in waveguide geometry? II. How does the frequency of extreme events as a function of location relate to waveguide geometry in both observations and forecast systems? III. How do the results from I and II combine to provide predictability on the likelihood of extreme events? IV. How does model resolution impact Rossby wave propagation and the relationship to extreme events? Both re-analysis (observational) data, and seasonal forecast model data will be used. We will calculate the Rossby refractive index and analyze its spatial and temporal variability, quantifying the predictability in waveguide geometry. Extreme events (heatwaves, cold snaps, droughts and blocking events) will be identified in the datasets, with lag-lead regression and composites revealing the connections to the waveguide geometry. We will create empirical models to predict the frequency of extreme events, evaluate their reliability, and compare to these to existing dynamical forecasts. Our goal is to harness the increased understanding of climate extremes that atmospheric dynamics can bring, to help improve the predictability of extreme events, reducing their human and societal impacts.

Mots clés : atmospheric rossby waves, rossby refractive index, seasonal predictability, climate extreme events, climate model data, re analysis data

Participants :
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 158121.6 €
Projet FAMWAR (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

FAMWAR investigates how the familial experience of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71 was represented in the cultural production of the first four and a half decades of the Third Republic. The years 2014-18 have seen a vast reflection on the European experience of the First World War. One of the most successful aspects of this has been the way more traditional military and diplomatic history has dovetailed with the modern concerns of cultural, social and gender history. It is the aim of FAMWAR to apply these insights to what might be termed "the war before the First World War", namely the Franco-Prussian War. Fought almost exclusively on French soil, the war was a traumatic experience for France, not just politically (with the fall of Napoleon III's Second Empire; the birth of the Third Republic in September 1870, which would last until the Second World War; and the civil war of the Paris Commune in 1871), but also socially (in the two sieges of Paris, and in the battlefield experience and its effects on the provincial population). Wars, we know from the twentieth-century experience of two world wars, involve on all sides the mass separation, damage and reconfiguration of families; and in particular, the shifting of gender relations in and beyond the family. It is precisely the intensity of the twentieth-century European experience of war which has turned 1870-71 into what has been called "the forgotten war". Yet 1870-71 represents a key foundational moment in the invention of modern Europe (when France finally embraced republicanism for good, and Germany was born as a nation-state). How, we shall ask, was the family's experience of this war remembered in literature, journalism and iconography? It is the aim of the current project to correct that oversight, not least as the 150th anniversary of the war approaches, and not least because it is the experience of the Franco-Prussian War which French and German people carried, within living memory, into war in 1914.

Mots clés : zola, nineteenth century french literature, the novel, franco prussian war, 1870 71, french third republic, family, press, visual culture, neuville, detaille

Participants :
- University of Cambridge (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet FASHION IN IR (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

FASHION IN IR aims to study the role of French women’s sartorial fashion in its international relations with a focus on both its interaction with the Common Market and its influence on the American mass market during the 1960s and 1970s. This approach is meant to open up the fields of Fashion History and International Relations History to each other. This will be done through the analysis of the influence of women’s sartorial fashion on the American mass market as well as within the context of the Common Market through the prism of the French authorities (industrial, governmental and diplomatic). In so doing, the added-value of diplomatic archival materials in the study of fashion–its influence and dissemination–will be compounded by the added-value of integrating fashion as an independent and unavoidable variable on the international stage. This project brings the political perspective of international relations as a new approach to the study of both the creative industry and the ways intellectual property can be appropriated by states as well as influence public authorities to act in certain ways at the behest of those creators of immaterial products such as fashion (both ideas and images). In so doing, the goal of this project is to generate a new interdisciplinary perspective pertaining to the study of European cultural heritage in the context of international and transnational competition of immaterial cultural goods. This project uses the renewal of an aid to couture program at the end of the 1960s in France as a case study of the instrumentalization of a part of European culture in the form of haute couture as a means to gain influence in the United States.

Mots clés : fashion studies, transnationalism, business history

Participants :
- University of Oslo (Norvège) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 214158.72 €
Projet FFABFORCE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

FFABFORCE has the following research objectives: to assess the British approach to organising effective multinational forces during the Second World War, using the Free French as a case study, and to analyse the responses of the Free French to their host’s efforts to integrate them. My career objectives are to become a European Research Leader in the university sector and to obtain the skills to work in the private sector as an editor in a history publisher. The research objectives will be achieved by examining the relevant literature and by doing archival research in at least 11 archives in 3 countries. The sources examined will include government documents, personal papers, diaries and memoirs. The career objectives will be achieved by: training through research under the mentorship of Prof Guillaume Piketty, dissemination activities, training courses on Collaborative Projects, Open Access, ERC grant proposals, data management and interview preparation. This will give me the required skills in advanced project management, teamwork, communication and technical know-how. The research will also help me reach a position of professional maturity, as FFABFORCE will result in my second monograph and deepen my expertise in modern history. My innovative project will contribute to one of the key drivers of Horizon 2020: to develop new knowledge and enhance the skills of excellent researchers. Moreover, one of the societal challenges outlined in Horizon 2020, ‘Europe in a changing world’, aims at ‘supporting inclusive, innovative and reflective European societies’. FFABFORCE will contribute to this goal by increasing academic & public understanding of the transnational nature of the Allied war effort during the Second World War and by demonstrating the weakness of the nation-centric approach to understanding the war. In this way, my research will act as a counter-weight to extreme nationalists who deliberately distort the history of the war for their own political ends.

Mots clés : european exiles in the british armed forces franco british relations second world war transnational history military history comparative history social history cultural history

Participants :
- Fondation nationale des sciences politiques (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 173076.0 €
Projet FIBERSTAR (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

FIBERSTAR is a multidisciplinary project aimed at the development of point-of-care optical fiber sensors to support non-invasive radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFTA) of tumors. RFTA is an interventional medical procedure that brings tumor cells to mortality by generating a spatially selective high-temperature field, localized within the tumor, using a percutaneous ablation device. RFTA provides ablation up to 5 cm size in hard tissues (kidney, lung), while ablation size is limited to 3 cm in liver; on the other hand, the miniature ablation device ensures a non-invasive outpatient treatment. In clinical procedures, RFTA is an image-guided procedure, which limits its efficiency. The possibility to install miniature, biocompatible, and quasi-distributed fiber-optic sensors on RFTA device, returning real-time biophysical data, can disrupt RFTA procedure. The applicant has carried out significant groundwork in the application of optical fiber sensors to ex-vivo thermal ablation on porcine liver phantoms. Building on groundwork, FIBERSTAR aims at the development of innovative fiber-optic sensors that aim at solving the main limitations of RFTA. Research addresses the development of (1) a sensor embedding pressure and distributed temperature on a single fiber, to be installed on the RFTA device, (2) a sensor for positioning RFTA device in tumor, (3) miniature quasi-distributed temperature sensors to detect the approaching of the ablation. FIBERSTAR aims at building four-fold impact: 1) Implement and demonstrate smart-RFTA, whereas real-time sensors data are used to drive the RFTA treatment in close-loop complementing imaging data. 2) Extend RFTA to safe treatment of prostatic and pancreatic tumors, using sensors to protect key organs from ablation. 3) Provide disruptive improvement of treatment of encapsulated tumors, implementing pressure detection. 4) Provide a quantified improvement of RFTA outcome in terms of reduction of failure rate and predictability.

Mots clés : optical fiber sensors, interventional cancer care, thermal ablation, radiofrequency thermal ablation  rfta

Participants :
- Carlos III University of Madrid (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 158121.6 €
Projet FUNBIT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

FUNBIT aims to enhance the discovery rate of natural products applying a multidisciplinary workflow guided by Imaging MS. Microbial genetics predict that the natural products we have discovered so far are only the tip of the iceberg, thus we may be missing the antibiotics and biopesticides of the future. In fact, many natural compounds remain invisible under standard laboratory conditions, but their biosynthesis can be triggered by re-establishing the structure of their native community in multi-microbial co-cultures. Thus, hidden natural products that enable microbes to communicate and compete with each other can be revealed. However, microbial interkingdom partnerships such as fungi-bacterial microbial interactions are still in general poorly explored. The detection of cryptic natural products from microorganisms is a major challenge because many of them are produced in small quantities, in a specific area and during a short period of time. The emerging technology of Imaging Mass Spectrometry can be the best candidate to investigate multi-partner microbial interactions in their native ecological environment, and find the natural products involved in their cross-talk. FUNBIT aims to speed up the rate of natural product discovery (especially polyketides, and lipopeptides, since many antibiotics fall into these groups) by integrating Imaging MS with High Resolution MS, spatial statistics and molecular network analysis. We will focus on fungi-bacterial partnerships involved in important agricultural infections, such as root diseases. These microorganisms are safer to handle, but the discovered antibiotics and antifungals will potentially target human pathogens. FUNBIT will be supervised by Prof. Christian Hertweck, who was awarded in 2015 with the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize for his expertise in natural products. FUNBIT will be developed at the Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute (HKI) in Jena (Germany).

Mots clés : imaging mass spectrometry, microbial communication, natural products, fragmentation trees, fungal bacterial co cultures

Participants :
- Leibniz Association (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 159460.8 €
Projet DREAM (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is the most prevalent muscle disease that indiscriminately afflicts children and adults of all ages and both sexes. Despite several clinical trials, there continues to be no cure or therapeutic option available to FSHD patients. FSHD is caused by aberrant myogenic expression of the transcription factor double homeobox 4 (DUX4). In healthy subjects, DUX4 expression is restricted to stem cells and early stages of embryogenesis while being silenced in most tissues of the body. In FSHD, DUX4 mis-expression activates a pro-apoptotic transcriptional program leading to muscle wasting. Compelling data obtained in our laboratory identified a novel regulator of DUX4 that allows us to examine the potential of inhibiting the cytotoxic activity of DUX4 as a therapeutic strategy to treat FSHD, and represents the innovation of this proposal. The goal of the proposal is to fully elucidate the molecular mechanisms that regulate DUX4 in order to develop novel therapeutic approaches for blocking the aberrant activity of DUX4 in FSHD. Based on our preliminary data, I hypothesize that by inhibiting DUX4 we can prevent transcriptional activation of genes toxic to muscle cells. As a corollary, we propose that a drug-like molecule interfering with the DUX4 pathway could be used to prevent the toxic effects of DUX4 expression in muscle cells from FSHD patients. This work is significant as it will clarify the molecular pathogenesis of the disease and bring us closer to a rational treatment to block muscle degeneration in FSHD.

Mots clés : facioscapulohumeral dystrophy, fshd, dux4, matr3, muscular dystrophy, human muscle

Participants :
- Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 183473.28 €
Projet ATTOCHEM (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Femtosecond laser pulses can be exploited to trace the ultrafast motion of electrons (“attosecond physics”) and study the properties of molecules, and the changes they undergo, on the atomic scale (“femtochemistry”). Suitable tailoring of the laser fields even allows for controlling the electron and nuclear dynamics within molecules and thereby steer chemical reactions towards a desired outcome (“coherent control”). Despite a wide range of perspective applications in fundamental science and industry, our capabilities to exert control on chemical reactions, and our understanding thereof, have been very limited. In the proposed work, I will develop and employ a novel experimental technique, which will allow (a) controlling light-induced chemical reactions in a wide range of molecular species efficiently, and (b) imaging the electron and nuclear dynamics underlying such reactions on their natural timescales. My work will go significantly beyond the state-of-the-art and thus contribute to the development of coherent control and our microscopic understanding of photochemical reactions. The advancements become possible by combining the latest laser technology with the expertise of all participants. The proposed MSCA will complement my scientific skills, both experimental and theoretical, and will provide me with required transferable skills to reach my long-term goal of establishing my own research group in Europe. The new scientific development will contribute to consolidating the European Leadership in the field of Attosecond Physics.


Participants :
- National Research Council Canada (Canada) — Partner, organization partner, Recherche, subvention : 0.0 €
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 243352.8 €