Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet FarGo (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

With this project, I will to study how religious agents engage with every-day challenges connected to food security, environmental decline and climate change. Via ethnographic methods, I will examine religious attitudes to environmental concerns through the case of Pentecostal Christian farming in South Africa. By investigating Pentecostal Christians’ methods of combining biblical principles and secular management approaches, I aim to provide a unique analysis of how Christian farming shapes religious practices that strive for social and ecological sustainability. Situated against a dichotomy between man and nature in Christians traditions historically, the proposed project will generate novel theoretical insights into how religious agents’ relationship to materiality today is manifested. Moreover, the project will demonstrate how the interplay between Christianity and farming produce novel social relationships in the intersection of religion, gender and race. As a religious scholar in the intersection of theology and social science, I understand how religious ideas and practices relate to identity-making, culture and social interactions. I have studied Pentecostal Christianity in Eastern Africa, so I have a robust and field-tested methodological and theoretical framework for investigation of Christian farming in South Africa. The Centre of African Studies at UCPH will be the perfect setting for this project due to its expertise on the material aspects of religion as well as climate and environmental changes. At this centre, I will have the opportunity to improve both my professional maturity and interdisciplinary skills. In addition, the fellowship will allow me to develop transferable skills in relation to project management, administration and teaching—skills that will enhance my career prospects within, as well as outside, academia.

Mots clés : south africa, pentecostal, charismatic christianity, religion in africa, faith based farming

Participants :
- University of Copenhagen (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 328968.0 €
Projet ARAUCANA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

With three chickens for every human being at any given time, poultry production is a key agricultural player, providing an efficient source of protein to billions of people regardless of religion or culture. Neotropical America contributes over a fifth to global poultry production, yet chickens only arrived on the continent 500 years ago. Since, they have played a central societal and economic role in local communities and are now well embedded within the continent’s numerous cultures. Though details surrounding their European and Polynesian introductions and spread throughout Neotropical America remain unclear, these birds have adapted to the continent’s diverse environments including diseases, leading them to display a unique genetic pool of phenotypic, productivity, adaptation and disease-resilient traits. Yet with an increasing consumer demand, local populations are being crossbred with commercial stock, and a lack of identification, characterisation and conservation of the indigenous gene pool is leading to the erosion and loss of that unique genetic make-up. Combining archaeology, anthropology, history and ancient population genomics, ARAUCANA aims to document the cultural history of chickens in Neotropical America (such as Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru, Uruguay and the Caribbean), as well as begin mapping the evolution of indigenous traits linked to environmental adaptation, disease resistance and productivity by characterising the past genetic diversity of local chicken populations through time. It will also attempt to recover ancient (partial) pathogen genomes in order to trace their evolution and spread through time in relation to specific lifeways and environments. This will enrich our understanding of the biomolecular mechanisms and pathogenesis of infectious diseases. As the first study of its kind, it will shine new light on cultural and biological Neotropical American heritage while also informing on conservation measures, food security and safety

Mots clés : chicken, ancient dna, neotropical america, human animal interactions, animal domestication, infectious diseases, genomics, adaptation, food security, one health

Participants :
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 186876.96 €
- Ministerio de cultura de la nación (Argentine) — Partner, organization partner, Organismes publics (hors enseignement & recherche), subvention : 0.0 €
Projet WntTraffic (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Wnts are a family of secreted glycoproteins that control maintenance and proliferation of stem cell reservoirs during tissue homeostasis and regeneration after injury. Deregulated Wnt signalling due to mutations in important signalling intermediates is strongly linked to disease. The complex molecular mechanisms mediating Wnt-induced cell responses are therefore of wide interest and the underlying protein interactions provide attractive drug targets, particularly in regenerative medicine and cancer treatment. The earliest events that occur after Wnts bind their receptors at the cell surface, such as receptor endocytosis and recruitment of cytoplasmic effectors, are decisive for downstream gene activation but the underlying mechanisms by which these events process and tune the Wnt signal remain poorly understood. The key objective of this proposal is to resolve critical molecular events that drive initiation of the Wnt cascade in stem and cancer cells. By using a novel tool developed in the Maurice laboratory to detect endogenous Wnt-bound complexes, The Applicant will focus on the following central objectives: 1. To elucidate Wnt receptor localisation in sub-cellular compartments 2. To examine the regulation of Wnt receptor trafficking and turnover in response to Wnt signalling 3. To investigate how cancer cells exploit Wnt receptor trafficking to drive tumour growth To meet these objectives, The Applicant will be trained to employ an integrated approach combining biochemistry and genome editing in intestinal organoid cultures with advanced imaging including immuno-electron microscopy to develop a unique set of tools to study Wnt receptor trafficking and turnover at the endogenous level. The expected insights will be vital to understand how pathway activation is controlled and for strategies to interfere with Wnt signalling in disease.

Mots clés : wnt signalling, protein trafficking, endocytosis, ultrastructural analysis  electron microscopy, protein engineering, genomic editing, cancer

Participants :
- University Medical Center Utrecht (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 177598.8 €
Projet ORIGENDER (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Women continue to earn significantly less than men. This is true even in Scandinavia, a region long considered a forerunner in offering better opportunities for women to balance career and family. However, in recent decades progress towards gender equality has been slow. This has intrigued researchers and motivated public policies, such as gender quotas on corporate boards and parental leave earmarked to men, as in the recent EU proposal on work-life balance for parents and carers. In the past, a significant part of the gender pay gap could be explained by differences in human capital and discriminatory wage policies, but the reduction of gender differences in education and the implementation of anti-discrimination policies have not removed the pay gap. This calls for further knowledge in order to aid attempts to close the gap. A recent literature highlights the influence of gender identity and norms in shaping the gender pay gap. In ORIGENDER, I aim to advance our knowledge of the role of gender norms in shaping the gender pay gap by answering two key questions: 1) Why are gender roles on the labour market still so traditional, particularly in families with children? 2) Can we quantify how much individuals value traditional gender roles? The answers are both academically interesting and key to the design of public policy. A MSCA GF will give me the possibility to answer these questions by combining the skills and knowledge of two vibrant research environments: Prof. Henrik Kleven’s research group at Princeton University, and the Center of Economic Behavior and Inequality (CEBI) at the University of Copenhagen. Both institutions employ world-leading economists in the areas of public policy and causal identification using (big) data and, via CEBI, I will have a secure link to the unique Danish data infrastructure and population wide administrative data, enabling me to make significant leaps in our understanding compared to existing literature.

Mots clés : gender inequality, intergenerational correlations, nurture vs  nature, administrative data, survey data

Participants :
- University of Copenhagen (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 198288.96 €
- Princeton University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet EMPOWER (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Women’s Economic Empowerment has become a mainstream gender and development policy and practice. UN Women states that “investing in women’s economic empowerment sets a direct path towards gender equality, poverty eradication and inclusive economic growth”. But as leading gender and development academics ask, is it really that simple? In the light of gender inequalities worldwide, feminist economists and gender and development experts, demand a more nuanced understanding of transformation processes. The Women’s Economic and Psychological Empowerment- EMPOWER project brings together feminist economics, gender and development, and social psychology to understand how to ensure personal empowerment processes through the promotion of women’s access to productive resources in specific contexts. EMPOWER will answer the research question for which women, with which economic activities and in which contexts can access to productive resources allow for economic and social transformations that lead to women’s psychological empowerment. EMPOWER aims to look at the psychological empowerment process in relation to programmes that target to give women access to different economic resources with a critical analysis of how development programmes work, engaging insight from academia as well as insights from gender and development policy. I will be hosted by CARE Netherlands, one of the major non-academic international organisations in the development sector that has an extensive database of women’s empowerment programmes with the aim of creating gender transformative change across different geographic and socio-political settings. Furthermore, I will carry out a secondment at the International Institute for Social Sciences, a major European academic institution of policy-oriented social science. The proposed research and training programme is carefully designed to advance my professional goal of becoming a researcher and policy advisor in women’s empowerment and gender equality.

Mots clés : women s economic empowerment, psychological empowerment, gender equality

Participants :
- Stichting care nederland (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Autres, subvention : 187572.48 €
Projet WISCA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Women’s imprisonment, social control and the carceral state – an interdisciplinary study of the experiences of detention Prison research in Germany is largely of a quantitative nature and overwhelmingly based on male prisoners who make up the vast majority of the prison estate. The fact that women are far fewer in number can pose a variety of challenges for prison administrations, often resulting in less favourable treatment as compared to imprisoned men. WISCA responds to the Council of Europe’s call for more research and gender-sensitive monitoring which is attuned to the potential compounding of problems women face in prison. Prison research is mainly based on generalisations from mainstream male prisoners (Howe 1994; Loeber et al 2007) and women have remained largely absent from studies into key penological issues such as legitimacy and order (Bosworth 1996; Liebling 2009). Female prisoners are particularly interesting, however, precisely because many reform agendas are trialled on this relatively small and seemingly more manageable group (Kubiak et al. 2017). While attention has been directed towards the Nordic countries in search for penal reform ideas (Pratt & Eriksson 2015), central European countries have been overlooked despite low imprisonment rates; and little is known about prisoners’ experiences in Germany due to a lack of qualitative research. Further, carceral geography as a newly emerging discipline has so far seen no German data, so this project will provide an expansion of carceral geography and qualitative criminology into the German-speaking interdisciplinary field. Using mainly qualitative research methods with some quantitative elements, WISCA will address these gaps in scholarship by focussing on the experiences of female prisoners in order to expose the dynamics of the penal state, the texture of imprisonment as lived and experienced, and wider networks of social control beyond release.

Mots clés : carceral geography, women, prison, post release, social control

Participants :
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 174806.4 €
Projet iCUE-Forest (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Wood production depends on how effectively trees convert atmospheric CO2 into wood. Moreover, forests mitigate climate change through their net carbon uptake from the atmosphere. Both these forest functions are crucially dependent on tree carbon use efficiency (CUE), which is determined by gross primary production (GPP, photosynthesis at large spatial scales) and respiration. Although GPP is so far stimulated under recent climate change conditions, the effect of future climate on CUE is unclear due to the unknown response of plant respiration to more severe increases in temperature. It is thus necessary to identify the drivers of changes in CUE and to increase CUE to enhance wood production and carbon stocks under future climatic conditions. In light of the typical rotation lengths, forest managers need to be informed already today on which species will be optimally adapted in certain regions to a changing climate. Within this 2-year project, I will develop novel data-driven estimates of plant respiration, net primary production and tree CUE based on recent satellite-driven maps of tree living biomass, extensive databases of tree compartment respiration rates, and temperature datasets. Subsequently, I will detect spatial relationships between CUE and climate variables dependent on tree species in northern hemisphere boreal and temperate forests and predict the change in CUE in response to future climate by using a dynamic global vegetation model (DGVM) under different forest management scenarios. I have recently derived remote sensing based forest biomass products that will be the basis for this research. Prof. Dr. Thomas Hickler and his research group at the Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F) are experts in ecosystem modelling, thereby particularly using the LPJ-GUESS model, the DGVM that we will apply within this project. His connections to the modelling community and to forestry experts will facilitate the exploitation of our results.

Mots clés : vegetation carbon cycle in boreal and temperate forests

Participants :
- Leibniz Association (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 162806.4 €
Projet INSTINCT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Work-related stress is costing the UK economy about 10 million man-hours and €16 billion. An intervention to curb the advent of stress is proposed: ‘Stress-Blocker’ (Streblo). Cognitive psychology identifies five main personalities (Big-5): extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness. How these Big-5 differ in the dynamics of stress are unexplored, particularly in the field of construction where stress is also prevalent. Behavioural science explains differences in the coping abilities of people. Thus Part A of the study is an empirical investigation of the impacts of stressors on the Big-5 and their different coping behaviours. Data from at least 1500 UK construction personnel will be collected using a questionnaire, and analysed using multiple inferential statistical techniques: hierarchical regression, factor analysis and sequential equation modelling. The findings will then inform Part B: the development of Streblo, a cloud-based IT tool for the effective recognition and deterrence of stress. Streblo will operate on artificial intelligence and its initial simulation will be carried out using of the WEKA software. Data from 1200 respondents will be used to train Streblo while the remaining 300 pseudo responses will be used to pilot (validate) the performance of the product. Streblo will also be validated with the partner organisations and project managers, through focus group meetings which will be recorded, transcribed and analysed using the ‘Nvivo’ software. Streblo will then be launched as a simple, quick-to-use and free IT app which will be accessible on mobile devices, PCs and laptops. Streblo will exploit advanced technologies to prevent stress in different construction job profiles as well as other sectors of the economy. It will be the first worldwide integrated system that is based on personality profiling and associated coping skills to empower individuals to manage event-related stress in the context of their job roles.

Mots clés : artificial intelligence, cloud and it applications, cognitive and organisational psychology, coping behaviour, personality, stress management

Participants :
- University of Wolverhampton (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet X-MIXING (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

X-MIXING is an interdisciplinary project aimed at conceiving an efficient mixing method at the microscale suitable for triggering not-light sensitive biochemical reactions in the application of Time-Resolved Serial Femtosecond Crystallography. Nowadays, the temporal resolution of this type of dynamic structural biology analysis with X-ray Free-Electron Lasers is limited by the minimum mixing time that current methods can produce. As it is shown in a proof-of-concept, an exciting combination of electrohydrodynamic fields and momentum transfer lead to a significant variation of the spatiotemporal scales within the convection-diffusion mechanism. So, this configuration can potentially generate mixing from 100 to 1000 faster than current means do. Besides, its versatility would enable not only to reduce the mixing time substantially, but also to induce jumps in PH and temperature that would additionally open horizons concerning new types of triggering reactions in the field. These critical features have the potential to become this original configuration in a key to take full advantage of the recent significant investment, over 1,22 billion euro (2005 value), paid by European Union and partners for the construction of the European XFEL (Germany), whose user operation started in September 2017. To explore and elucidate the underlying physical limits of the proposed method, the research methodology of this project will embrace different approaches such as micro-PIV experiments, numerical simulations, and scaling analysis.

Mots clés : mixing, microscale flows, free surface flows, electrospray, flow focusing, electrohydrodynamics, structural dynamic biology, time resolved serial crystallography

Participants :
- Universidad de Sevilla (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 197529.6 €
- Princeton University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet LowD-CT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a widespread medical imaging modality with 85 million examinations performed in 2012 in the US alone, but there is a need for improving instrumentation to minimize the potential health risks due to radiation dose. Although the benefits of CT imaging greatly outweigh the risks, the dose must be minimized, especially for children. Using other modalities may not be an option since ultrasonography lacks sufficient diagnostic quality and MRI is time-consuming, expensive and may require sedation of small children. At KTH Royal Institute of Technology, a photon-counting silicon-strip detector that promises better image quality and lower dose than today’s CT detectors has been developed. In the proposed project, this detector will be used to develop a new CT technique for imaging children: low-dose photon counting CT. To this end, a reconstruction algorithm for low-dose imaging will be developed and tested by imaging phantoms. The imaging performance will be compared to current state-of-the art CT and x-ray radiography systems. General Electric (GE) is a market-leading CT vendor with the experience necessary to turn this idea into a product used in the clinic. The applicant will therefore carry out the 12-month outgoing phase at GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna, in close collaboration with GE Healthcare, Milwaukee. During the return phase, the applicant will use the experience gained from GE Global Research for continuing the research into photon-counting CT at KTH. In this way, KTH gains access to the expertise of GE on image reconstruction while GE gets an opportunity to evaluate the feasibility of integrating the photon-counting CT detector into a commercial CT scanner. A successful outcome can have a large impact on children’s health by allowing projection radiography to be replaced by CT and by decreasing the CT radiation exposure by at least 50%, enabling new examinations that are not done today due to radiation safety concerns.

Mots clés : computed tomography, photon counting ct, image reconstruction, pediatric imaging, dose reduction

Participants :
- General Electric (United States) (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 0.0 €
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 166993.8 €