Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet GEOHEAL (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Geological materials are used in significant quantities for construction purposes, structurally and for cladding, but are subject to damage, deformation and deterioration through natural weathering processes in combination with the stress state induced in service. As a consequence, structural performance can be reduced, durability is compromised and there may be aesthetic or heritage issues with regard to preservation of the original structural form. Currently, such issues are addressed either through initial overdesign, implementation of maintenance programmes, or both. The proposal seeks to explore the potential for providing such materials with the ability to self-heal – to automatically respond to damage or deterioration, instigating a healing process that restores or even enhances the desirable structural or aesthetic properties. Such technology will take inspiration from, and work in parallel with, current research into self-healing in cementitious, polymeric and other engineering materials. Previously, biological methods of treatment of geological materials have been employed, e.g. cementation through bacterial mineralisation of calcite, to enhance structural properties as well as to protect and conserve valuable structures. Similar technologies have been employed in the self-healing of cementitious materials. It is therefore envisaged, for the first time, to introduce the concept of biological self-healing to geological materials, combining the Fellow's expertise in geo-material conservation with that of the Host in self-healing materials and biomineralisation. A major part of this work is to identify and assess suitable healing mechanisms, and methods of triggering them, for the particular environments under consideration. Ultimately it is hoped that the technology would be applicable to both new and existing engineered structures comprising geological materials.

Mots clés : self healing, durability and deterioration, biomineralisation, building materials

Participants :
- Cardiff University (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet WoMoGeS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Gestational surrogacy (GS) is transnational practice of assisted reproduction increasingly undergone by European citizens in Member States and Third Countries. Women’s Movements (WMs), primary actors in policies on human reproduction, understand GS either as a form of commodification of women and children, or as an empowering opportunity for women in poor countries. WMs are forging alliances with other stakeholders (LGBTQI, pro-life, and private actors) to influence decision makers to abolish or to regulate GS. WoMoGeS analyzes the ‘politics of signification’ on GS of WMs in 2 developed countries, US, and Italy, and 2 developing countries, India and Mexico, to reveal variety of diagnostic, prognostic and motivational frames, their policy demands and strategic alliances across different social contexts, and the interplay between discourses and policy making at country-level and transnationally. By carrying out a comparison of 4 context-specific case-studies and engaging WMs and GS stakeholders, this project aims to hinder the risk that GS activism reproduces the same polarizing dynamics as in the debate on prostitution, and the risk that WMs’ perspectives in developing countries, main providers of surrogate mothers, are silenced by more visible WMs in developed countries. WoMoGeS aims to promote dialogue between WMs and GS stakeholders, catalyze European policy making on GS that considers diversity of thought, and to propose mature reflections on assisted reproduction based on scientific information. Training and supervision by top experts on GS at UT and on WMs at LUMSA will enable me to continue skill development started during my PhD on WMs’ contribution to gender-related discourses, strengthen my ability to work across different fields of Sociology, and acquire new competences in Bioethics and comparative social analysis, with the goal to consolidate my profile as sociologist expert in gender studies and critical analysis of social movements' discourses.

Mots clés : women s movements, assisted reproduction, politics of signification, global discourses, parenthood, empowerment of women

Participants :
- Libera Università Maria SS. Assunta (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 244269.0 €
- The University of Texas System (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet DancingGalaxies (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Giant galaxies like our own are surrounded by a large number of dwarf galaxy satellites that perform a complex orbital dance. Theoretical models predict that this dance should be composed of randomly oriented elliptical orbits, but Milky Way (MW) observations reveal the opposite: most satellites orbit in the same plane and have orbits that are more circular than expected. This discrepancy is a major problem that lacks an answer. It could signal a fundamental breakdown of the current cosmological model or, alternatively, that the MW is very atypical, a 1 in 1000 system. Studies of satellite orbits cannot yet be carried out for other galaxies, so the only option is to examine the MW in more detail. My proposed research will deliver ground-breaking new insights into the anomalous dynamics of satellites, and, through this, uncover the formation history of our galaxy. First, I will investigate the phenomena that give rise to the atypical orbits of the MW satellites. Two key drivers are the accretion of satellites along cosmic web filaments and the geometry of the dark matter halo of the central galaxy. Secondly, using state-of-the-art galaxy formation models, I will perform detailed simulations to predict the distribution of faint satellites and the stellar halo of our galaxy. These contain vital clues to the root cause of the anomalous satellite orbits problem. I will compare the model predictions to MW observations to make an unprecedented test of the current cosmological paradigm. The same simulations are essential to understand how representative are the MW satellites and stellar halo, and thus the extent to which they can be used to test the nature of dark matter and galaxy formation models. The proposed research combines my two areas of expertise, large scale structure and satellite galaxies, with the world-leading galaxy formation models and simulations of Prof. Schaye's group, and, together, they provide the ideal setting to make this project a major success.

Mots clés : the spatial and kinematic distribution of satellite galaxies, local group, milky way, zoom in cosmological simulations, galactic cosmological tests

Participants :
- Leiden University (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 177598.8 €
Projet HyPoStruct (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Given their high conversion efficiency and zero-emission characteristics, hydrogen fuel cells are extremely attractive for replacing current energy conversion and power generation technologies. Nevertheless, they still need significant technological improvements in order to increase their competitiveness in the mobility and energy conversion market. More to the point, nowadays, the increase of the effective gas-liquid mass transport in the porous electrodes is highly demanded to improve cell performances. The present proposal aims to investigate and improve the transport properties of two phase flows in hydrogen fuel cells porous materials with an innovative bottom-up approach: tailoring the porous microstructure in order to achieve the desired macroscopic feature, i.e. enhancing liquid water removal and promoting gas transport. The pore geometrical microscopic features (size, form, anisotropic structure) and the chemical behaviour of the pores surface (hydro -philic-phobic features) will be tuned and their effect on water imbibition, drainage and spatial and temporal distribution will be investigated by means of numerical simulations. An advancement in fuel cells technology is expected by characterising the optimal design of the porous electrodes which will significantly increase cells performances and open up a route for a new generation of fuel cells.

Mots clés : fuel cells, porous media, materials microstructure, two phase flows

Participants :
- Chalmers University of Technology (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 173857.2 €
Projet QuiescStemGBM (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive high-grade primary brain tumour in adults. More than 90% of the patients shows recurrence of the disease with a survival of 2 years despite a multitherapeutic approach consisting of a first surgical resection of the brain lesion followed by radio- and chemo-therapy. GBM patients die because of the cancer relapse that evolve becoming not sensitive to the classical therapies. A sub-population of quiescent/slow cycling cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been proposed to be the origin of the cancer relapse. The features and role of that specific population of CSCs within GBM is still not well characterised. The aim of the proposed project is to first clarify the cell cycle state of CSCs within GBM induced in mouse models in addition to their contribution and role in cancer development. To achieve this goal, I will use a cell cycle-based approach together GBM mouse models to: characterise the cell cycle state of CSCs within tumour (Aim 1); analyse the contribution of quiescent and proliferating CSCs during cancer development and their molecular features using a novel cell cycle-based lineage tracing approach (Aim 2); analyse the effect of selective ablation of each CSCs sub-subpopulation in cancer growth a novel cell cycle-based cellular ablation (Aim 3). Using a cell cycle point of view, the obtained results will be fundamental for the definition and the role of the different CSCs co-existing within glioma. In particular, the findings will open new avenue in the study of the role of quiescent or proliferating cells within GBM and give the possibility to others in the field for testing for example which cells contribute to cancer relapse after the initial tumour treatment (mass debulking and following radio- and chemo-therapy) or even design new drugs targeting specific CSC types.

Mots clés : glioblastoma multiforme, mouse, cancer stem cells, quiescence, cell cycle

Participants :
- University of Trento (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183473.28 €
Projet MITIG (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents the most frequent and aggressive type of primary brain tumours in adults. Despite significant advances, current treatments involving resection and radiation/chemotherapy only partially mitigate the dire prognosis for GBM, hence avidly seeking for novel therapeutic approaches against a disease with still no virtual cure and a high socio-economic impact in the EU. A common feature in GBM, as in many other cancers, is their escape to the retrograde signalling and metabolic regulation exerted by mitochondria -the bioenergetic central of the cell. Modulation of mitochondrial function thus represents a primary target to rewire metabolism and counteract tumour progression and chemotherapy resistance. MITIG capitalizes on the recent reported ability of gliomas to import exogenous mitochondria, either isolated or transferred from surrounding neural cells in the brain, to foster tumour development and malignancy in vivo. MITIG will target both paths for mitochondrial importation to remodel organelle content and address i) how incorporation of exogenous mitochondria impacts respiratory metabolism in GBM cells and iii) the relevance of this metabolic rewiring for tumour development in vivo. Departing from mitochondrial acquisition as a novel tool to redefine respiration and metabolism in cancer, MITIG will develop a comprehensive training program fostering MSCA and EU values on research, dissemination and public engagement. An international network of experts will support the training in the intersectorial, multidisciplinary facets of MITIG. In sum, while paving the way for a promising novel biomedical field, MITIG aims at providing novel therapeutic targets and overcoming long lasting questions on respiratory metabolism in GBM and cancer as a whole.

Mots clés : glioblastoma, mitochondria, respiration, metabolism, organelle dynamics, intercellular communications

Participants :
- Universidad de Salamanca (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 158121.6 €
Projet WEBOING (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Global changes in healthcare funding, an increasingly ageing demographic, explosions of new technologies are converging to transform our relationship with healthcare. Breakthrough innovations formed outside traditional healthcare industries are needed to change business models, reshape the future for better health outcomes and value for consumer. Thus, research on novel diagnostic and monitoring imaging modalities is essential. UWB imaging has recently emerged as one of the most promising non-invasive imaging modalities of the last two decades. Its low cost, non-ionising characteristics justify the considerable interest of the scientific community. Extension of microwave imaging to bone fracture assessment is one goal of WEBOING proposal. In this contest, the design of UWB wearable apparatus for bone fracture imaging and recovering monitoring will allow to perform imaging without exposing patients to dangerous X-rays. The portable nature of the apparatus, will allows its use in site of accidents. In fact, simple microwave antennas coupled with a laptop-integrated Vector Network Analyser (VNA) are required, giving the methodology simplicity in manufacturing and a very a low cost; this aspect is even more significant if related to conventional techniques. Imaging of the bone fracture will be performed for the first time by appropriately reconstructing the electromagnetic field at UWB frequencies. Electromagnetic field reconstruction will be performed combining Modes concept and Huygens principle, which represents a new and unconventional procedure. Moreover, the same UWB antennas will also allow fracture recovering monitoring; in fact, by embedding the antennas in the plaster cast, it will be possible to perform bone imaging on periodic base without having to remove the plaster cast itself. Since the apparatus will use safe UWB rather that dangerous non-ionising radiation, examination can be repeated any time and in any condition.


Participants :
- London South Bank University (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet GlidArc (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Global climate change due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions is a growing concern. The conversion of greenhouse gases (mainly CO2, CH4) to value-added chemicals or renewable fuels is an effective strategy to reduce these emissions and an interesting process both from economic and ecological point of view. A gliding arc (GlidArc) plasma offers unique perspectives for activating inert molecules at mild conditions and allows the greenhouse gas conversion with limited energy cost. A GlidArc is, however, very complex and poorly understood. Therefore, this project intends to obtain more fundamental insight in the plasma-mechanisms of the GlidArc for greenhouse gas conversion, by means of extensive modeling, validated by experimental diagnostics. First, the chemical kinetics in the GlidArc for greenhouse gas conversion will be studied. Second, this plasma chemistry will be incorporated in a coupled magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) - kinetics model to study the spatial and temporal plasma properties. The model will be validated by experiments, to be carried out during the secondment. Furthermore, the effects of various operating parameters, such as the CH4/CO2 ratio, the discharge power and the gas flow rates, on the gas conversion, the yields of the formed products and on the energy efficiency will be analyzed, in order to predict which conditions give rise to the highest and most energy-efficient conversion. This project is very interdisciplinary, including chemistry, physics, chemical engineering, mathematics and computer modeling, with application in environmental science and sustainable chemistry. Definitely it will extend the applicant’s skills in plasma modeling to a much broader field, with new applications, and enhance his creative and innovative potential by advanced training in an international research environment.

Mots clés : gliding arc, plasma modeling, plasma chemistry, pollution control, greenhouse gas conversion

Participants :
- University of Antwerp (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 160800.0 €
Projet BioVOLHum (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Global climate simulations predict increased atmospheric humidity (AH) for northern latitudes. Water vapor, as an effective greenhousegas, can magnify the rise in temperature even more. There is large uncertainty of the impact of elevated AH on the production of biogenic volatile compounds (BVCs) by plants, which in turn, might contribute considerably to changes in atmospheric chemistry. The aim of this project is to clarify the impact of increased AH and diffuse irradiation to carbon assimilation, allocation and consequently BVC emissions from northern forests. This study will combine a unique free-air manipulation experiment of increased AH in a temperate forest with analysis of long-term data of plant responses to natural variation in AH. A broad selection of environmental and plant parameters (incl. BVCs, growth, photosynthesis, leaf pigment and nitrogen content, tree hydraulics) will be measured during the period of shoot development in spring, to clarify the impact of seasonality and physiological constraints on the emission of BVCs. Increased AH appears to influence photosynthesis, transpiration and foliage nutrient supply in trees and previous research by the applicant has revealed that changes in light use efficiency (LUE), nitrogen and carbon allocation into pigments result from differences in irradiance and temperature, but BVC emissions are not well predicted by current carbon-allocation and climate models. This project hypothesizes that control and humidified trees vary in LUE due to differences in sink-source limited growth and resultant differences in allocation of carbon to synthesis of pigments or to BVCs. As an outcome of this project, the feedback mechanisms between carbon production, allocation and BVC emissions will be analyzed and the link between air humidity and BVC production will be proposed as an important agent of climate change. The project will substantially elaborate the professional competence and perspectives of the applicant.

Mots clés : biogenic volatile compounds, nitric oxides, atmospheric humidity, carbon assimilation, carbon allocation, light use efficiency, xylem sap flow, leaf nitrogen, plant production

Participants :
- University of Helsinki (Finlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 191325.6 €
Projet HerbaRice (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Global rice production, so far, has been able to meet population demands. Rice production is considerable exposed to the environment and natural detrimental affect especially weed and weedy rice problems. Present herbicides are often suffered to kill weed and weedy rice that allows for more chemical usage and non-sustainable rice production system. Weed and weedy rice are a great problem because of resistancy and cultivation system such as direct seeded area, especially in Europe. In order to control the problem, Clearfield and Provisia technology developed in the United States. But some weed species or weed varieties are getting resistant to Clearfield rice in Europe in the last years. Thus, new alternative tools are needed for weed control. The main aim of the project is develop to non-GMO herbicide resistant new base rice for European countries. Herbicide resistant new base rice might be utilized control weed and weedy rice where gained resistance against to conventional rice herbicides in the fields. Project will investigate to develop non-GMO resistancy with Clethodim (Cyclohexanedione-Dim Group) herbicide resistance for rice. For this reason first objective is execute a mutation on rice seeds, second is develop to low and high resistancy on rice plant, the next objective is determination of mutation point on mutagen resistant rice. Last objective is investigated to deterioration of currently utilized herbicide resistancy system on especially the basis of IMI resistant red rice at incoming phase. The new resistancy system might be available to use when Clearfield and Provisia technology break down because of gene flow and misusage. The HerbaRice project will give new insights on weed and weedy rice problem on rice fields, providing new tools for herbicide resistancy producing safer and sustainable food production.

Mots clés : rice  oryza sativa l, weed, red rice, herbicide, herbicide resistance, mutation, breeding, ethyl, methane sulfonate, molecular marker, non gmo, clethodim

Participants :
- Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock (Turquie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Organismes publics (hors enseignement & recherche), subvention : 255943.68 €
- University of California System (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €