Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet MultiFUNGtionality (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Forest fungi are a major biodiversity component of Mediterranean forests, and contribute to providing crucial ecosystem services. Thus, changes in fungal communities driven by environmental factors and human actions on ecosystems may have, ultimately, an impact on human well-being. Understanding and predicting such changes and their subsequent impact on the provision of ecosystem services is crucial to enable scientifically sound decision-making in land–use planning. However, our knowledge on such complex ecological systems is limited due to the high diversity of forest fungi and their cryptic nature. This action aims at addressing such complexity by contributing to unravelling how fungal diversity is affected by several drivers and, in turn, how it affects the provision of multiple ecosystem services to be further integrated into multifunctional forest management. This will be possible thanks to multi-scale, high-quality data on above- and belowground diversity and its potential drivers. Such data will be analyzed using advanced hybrid modelling techniques, and the resulting models will be combined in simulation-optimization routines to enable science-based decision making in forestry sensitive to fungal diversity. This will be the leading thread of an action that aims at having high impact on the research career of Dr. Sergio de Miguel for him to attain a position of maturity as an independent and interdisciplinary researcher.

Mots clés : forest management, modelling, hybrid models, forest ecology, fungi, environmental drivers

Participants :
- University of Lleida (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 170121.6 €
Projet TreEsilience (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Forests provide essential long-term ecosystem services, such as reducing carbon emission and biodiversity conservation, and consequently, are the focus of many conservation policies (i.e. Europe 2020 Strategy). Drought events associated with climate change reduce tree growth and prompt mortality episodes, impacting global and severely forest ecosystems. The ability of trees to resist and recover from drought (tree resilience) will be decisive to maintain the functioning of forest ecosystems. Measuring tree climate-growth relationship and resilience is thus key for predicting the effect of climate change. However, because different tree populations may have faced contrasting climatic conditions, the within-species response to climate change may differ geographically due to local adaptation. TreEsilience proposes using tree rings to investigate the role of local adaptation in determining intraspecific variation in tree resilience to drought. To date, such an intraspecific approach has never been pursued. In order to reach this ambitious goal, TreEsilience will use an interdisciplinary approach that combines dendrochronology, phylogenetic comparative methods and species distribution modelling, thus bringing tools from the spatial and evolutionary ecology to the study of forest management and conservation. The results will provide insights into novel strategies to improve forestry efficiency by identifying early signals of tree mortality, useful for forest practitioners, policy-makers and stakeholders in order to mitigate the detrimental effects of land degradation and desertification on human wellbeing due to climate change.

Mots clés : drought, forest ecology, local adaptation, resilience, tree rings

Participants :
- Spanish National Research Council (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 170121.6 €
Projet FF2021 (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : European Researchers' Night
Statut du projet : CLOSED

ForskarFredag (Researchers' Friday) is a national event and Sweden?s most widely dispersed science festival. ForskarFredag 2021 (FF2021) will consist of events arranged in 27 cities on 24-25 September and an online programme, enabling anyone in Sweden to participate. The non-profit association VA (Public & Science) has coordinated FF annually since 2006. FF2021 builds on previous years, drawing on experience, contacts and the ever-increasing profile. The FF motto is: "Researchers are ordinary people with extraordinary jobs". At FF2021, members of the public will be invited to meet researchers and participate in interactive activities, designed to stimulate dialogue and show that research is exciting and relevant to everyday life: debates, science cafes, competitions, shows, experiments and hands-on activities. The common theme 'What will life be like in the future?' will inspire activities exploring the role of research in tackling societal challenges. In collaboration with 6 other ERN projects, a set of activities will be offered in all 7 countries, highlighting the European dimension of research. Young people aged 6-19 are a key target audience. A school programme will offer numerous opportunities for encounters with researchers. The Borrow a Researcher concept will allow classes across Sweden to meet a researcher virtually or in school. A national mass experiment (citizen science project), inviting pupils to work with researchers, will be conducted as part of the awareness campaign, involving appr. 5,000 people. Local events (physical and digital) expected to reach 26000 attendees will be planned and executed by 11 Subcontractors and 21 External Partners. Each event builds on local strengths and uses local networks to give the highest possible impact. All event organisers share experiences in a national network. VA is responsible for the coordination, quality assurance, common activities, national identity, awareness campaign and impact assessment of FF2021.

Mots clés : national event, research, science, hands on activities, general public, citizen science, collaboration with other ern projects, borrow a researcher, mass experiment, science festival, forskarfredag

Participants :
- Public and Science (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Autres, subvention : 130000.0 €
Projet CO2RR (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Fossil fuels have been crucial for the prosperity of human society since the industrial revolution, but have also brought about many critical issues, such as global warming. To meet the ambitious goals set out in the Paris Agreement, it is imperative to explore sustainable fuel sources. Liquid fuels produced from renewable-electricity-driven CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) are promising candidates because they simultaneously allow for a carbon-neutral energy cycle and the storage of renewable yet intermittent energy. Due to its high energy density and suitable octane number, propanol is one of the most desired products from CO2RR as direct fuels and fuel additives. However, current state-of-the-art catalysts do not exhibit more than 15% selectivity for propanol, which is a huge impediment towards the practical adoption of CO2-to-propanol electrolysis. Raising the selectivity requires intricate knowledge of what catalyst descriptors drive propanol formation, in order to predict and discover ideal catalyst/system combinations, which are the objectives of this proposal. To achieve these goals, the optimum electrode-electrolyte interface will be identified based on well-defined single-crystal-electrode experiments; reaction intermediates and pathways will be identified and studied by in situ spectroscopy methods and DFT calculations; theory-guided-designed nanocatalysts will be synthesized and subsequently integrated into an optimized CO2RR electrolyser to produce propanol at industrially relevant current densities. Through successful completion of the proposed research, an efficient CO2-to-propanol electrolysis system will be developed together with an in-depth understanding of CO2RR mechanism.


Participants :
- Leiden University (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 175572.48 €
Projet MusiConduits (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

From the Middle Ages, the Polish Kingdom and Grand Duchy of Lithuania (P-L, from 1569 a Commonwealth) possessed a rich diversity of cultures, from Armenians and Ashkenazi Jews to those of Bohemian, French, Italian, Scandinavian and German origins. Engaging in commercial and artistic pursuits across urban and rural communities, multicultural P-L cultivated a nation of tolerance and a flowering of artistic and philosophical thought from the end of the fifteenth century known as Poland’s ‘Golden Age’. Situated in this fertile period, MusiConduits will bring together unique resources to develop a multi-faceted understanding of musical culture through its objects: from archives, books and printed/engraved art to museum objects and historic buildings. The MusiConduits project is innovative in its design and focus, intersecting material culture studies, musicology, organology, gender-sensitive approaches, family and urban studies, fine and decorative arts studies, artistic craft processes, lexicography and the history of the printed page. A complementary project strand will explore how modern collaborative approaches to digital humanities can inspire public engagement with these dynamic hidden histories from the past. Cataloguing and coding of data using content management software (Omeka) and qualitative analysis software (Aquad) will support an in-depth examination of urban vs. rural music-making, trade and commercial centres, the transfer of musical aesthetics through art objects, printed books as conduits of musical culture, gendered music-making/music consumption and collaborative pathways to public engagement through digital humanities. Deliverables include creating a bespoke Handwritten Text Recognition engine automatically transcribing Polish-language archival documents through Transkribus software, a project exhibition (University of Warsaw), an exhibition catalogue/monograph, a seminar series on cross-sectoral digital humanities projects and a final conference

Mots clés : material culture, digital humanities, early modern era, renaissance, archives, lexicography, organology, cultural heritage, public engagement, cultural transfer, urban studies, poland

Participants :
- University of Warsaw (Pologne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 224438.4 €
Projet FORGIVEBASQ (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

From the second half of the twentieth century, forgiveness has come to occupy an important place in political transition processes, both in the passage from dictatorship to democracy and at the end of violent internal political conflicts. The implications of forgiveness are not limited to moral or religious issues, but also involve social, political and legal aspects that further complicate the widely disparate interpretations of its conditions (acknowledgement of fault, repentance, etc.) and purposes (reconciliation, social cohesion, justice, etc.). FORGIVEBASQ aims to study the uses of forgiveness in the Basque conflict and its role in the current peace process. Firstly, I will develop a theoretical framework on forgiveness by adopting a philosophical approach that incorporates a transversal moral, political and social perspective and helps to illustrate its complex transformations and diverse practices. This transdisciplinary theoretical framework will be articulated around three axes: history, areas and conditions/purposes of forgiveness. Secondly, a diachronic study of forgiveness in the Basque context will be carried out by means of a documentary analysis. This will serve to identify and explain how forgiveness has been present in the Basque conflict, what role it plays in the peace process, how it has evolved and been transformed, and the key points at which forgiveness emerged in the political and social debate. Previously developed analytical tools will be employed in this endeavor. Training activities and academic dissemination measures will be complemented by transfer activities that include meetings and public activities with Basque institutions and social organizations. This will go hand-in-hand with the development of educational resources that will use the project findings to achieve a significant social impact.

Mots clés : forgiveness, basque conflict

Participants :
- University of Deusto (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 175099.2 €
- University of California System (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet LaBRhythms (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

From womb to adulthood, our native language is known to shape our experience of speech. A major compound of the language to which an individual is exposed during his life is the temporal structure, or rhythm, of speech signals. Exposure to native language rhythms has been shown to strongly constrain the ability to understand and learn other languages. Yet, a comprehensive view of the processing of speech rhythms from a neural standpoint is still lacking. The LaBRhythms project will investigate the hypothesis that neural oscillations are instrumental in the processing of language-specific speech rhythms, and for the communication of speech information across brain areas. To test this, I will develop novel neuroimaging tools for analyses that will increase the spatial resolution of magnetoencephalography (MEG) to an unprecedented level, allowing for observation of neural oscillations at the laminar level in human data. The project will provide both strong theoretical and methodological advances. First, it will give new insights into the brain mechanisms of complex temporal information processing in speech. It aims in particular at reconciling the linguistic approaches in the study of speech rhythms, which emphasize the cross-linguistic variability in temporal information, with the prevailing neurophysiological framework of speech processing that for now only focused on the periodicities in the speech signal. Second, it will generate new tools for laminar MEG analysis. These tools will permit the investigation of theoretical questions on the communication between brain areas that could not be answered otherwise. For this project, I will benefit from the strong expertise of the Centre de Recherche en Neuroscience de Lyon (CRNL) in neuroimaging and neural oscillations research, where I will specifically receive training in technical and team-leadership skills, providing an ideal setting to perform cutting-edge research and grow as an independent researcher.

Mots clés : speech, rhythm, temporal prediction, neural oscillations

Participants :
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 184707.84 €
Projet EUROFRONT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Frontiers are dynamic zones of resistance and negotiation where local actors respond to the political/economic fluctuations of expanding states. Research on Europe’s frontier zones in the historic past has immediate relevance to the modern economic and political landscape, where the expansion of transnational markets is creating new dynamic frontier zones. Yet due to the typical top-down approach employed by archaeologists and historians, the local experience of living in a frontier has been largely overlooked. EUROFRONT adopts an innovative four-field methodology (archaeology, history, geomatics, and ethnography) to investigate two European frontiers in Crete and Dalmatia. Rich datasets will be developed for each region, synthesizing archaeological data, archival materials (e.g. tax registers and cadastral maps), paleoclimate data, and modern oral histories about villages in the regions. Advanced geospatial analyses will be used to detect patterns in population movement, settlement distribution, network connection, and agricultural production. During the project, the researcher will be trained in cutting-edge geomatics technologies, and the skills and knowledge she gains will enhance her reputation as a leading scholar of Early Modern archaeology and history in Europe. Results of the study will provide insight into how frontier communities are shaped by the process of state expansion from an economical, social, political, and environmental perspective. Project dissemination will prioritize publication of the raw data, training other scholars, and sparking an international dialogue about frontier zones that transects geographical and temporal boundaries. The project website and interactive online GIS will be critical deliverables that not only promote the study of frontiers but also give voice to the local experience through publication of maps, photographs, and interviews with local residents.

Mots clés : frontiers, early modern period, ottoman empire, archival research, social network analysis, ethnography

Participants :
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (Grèce) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 152653.2 €
Projet BAC-STAR (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Fundamental investigations of bacterial adhesion will create the knowledge base to advance surface engineering approaches. Directed mutagenesis of adhesin genes in several oral pathogens will be used to create a library of knockout strains. Recombinant adhesins will also be over-expressed in E.coli. Assays will be developed to test the interaction of the resulting strains (wild-type, knockouts, over-expressing E.coli clones) with a range of materials, covering the entire spectrum of surface properties with defined roughness, hydrophobicity, porosity, charge and composition. Adhesion kinetics will be monitored in real time, using flow cells to mimic the shear stress and nutrient exchange on implants in vivo. This will complement plate-based fluorescence adhesion assays, western blotting, immunofluorescence microscopy, and ELISAs. Adhesion trends will be tested with targeted surface modifications in pure and mixed culture, creating a feedback-loop for assay improvement with gradually specialised surface functionalization. The ultimate goal is to develop surfaces that promote the adhesion of host tissue, such as human osteoblast cells or gingival cells, whilst still preventing pathogen adhesion. Understanding the fundamental interactions of bacteria with surfaces facilitates the transferability of the results from this project to a variety of further applications (e.g. adhesion of electrogens to microbial fuel cell electrodes; antifouling surfaces etc.). My proposal therefore has the potential to be high impact research, and generates the framework for future interdisciplinary projects.

Mots clés : bacteria, adhesin, adhesion assay, surface engineering, antibacterial surface, implants, osseointegration

Participants :
- University of Oslo (Norvège) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 208400.4 €
Projet CO2 Intermediates (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Fundamental understanding of the catalytic chemistry and underlying mechanisms in carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction is an urgent need for efficient solar energy conversion from CO2, water and sunlight to valuable carbon-neutral fuels that urgently need to replace our fossil fuel-based economy of today. This proposal focuses on unraveling the reaction mechanisms of the reduction of CO2 in aqueous photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems in order to allow innovative development of more efficient chemistry for the production of solar fuels based on the understanding of the underlying mechanisms. We propose to study the catalytic cycle of photo-driven CO2 reduction on earth-abundant and non-toxic materials with state-of-the-art transient absorption (TAS) and transient infrared spectroscopy. The combination of these techniques will open up groundbreaking opportunities to monitor reaction intermediates on the relevant timescales of charge transfer to form the reaction product. First, selectivity of the catalyst will be tuned with the deposition of sub-nanometer oxide layers by atomic layer deposition (ALD) – a technique with a precision of down to one atomic monolayer. Then, the selective reactions will be studied in detail by TAS and transient IR spectroscopy. With the outstanding expertise of the host professors Prof. Durrant and Prof. Hamm (secondment) and my broad and profound expertise in photoelectrochemical systems and ALD, this project is expected to have a high success rate despite its challenging nature. With a better understanding of CO2 reduction processes, the design of more efficient catalytic systems will advance this renewable technology and facilitate its scale-up and commercialization. Finally, through this project I will not only expand my technical and scientific skills but also develop and strengthen my managerial skills to become a leading independent researcher in the field of solar energy conversion.

Mots clés : co2 reduction, intermediates, transient absorption spectroscopy, transient ir spectroscopy, atomic layer deposition, catalysis, photocatalysis, photoelectrochemistry

Participants :
- Imperial College London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €