Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet FAULT-LEARNING (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The aim of the project is to design and develop an online learning-based fault diagnosis engine with adaptation capabilities. This engine will monitor and analyse data arriving in real time from critical infrastructure (CI) systems, to accurately detect a potential fault and effectively isolate and identify its exact location. Modern society relies heavily on the availability and smooth operation of CI systems, such as electrical power systems, water distribution systems and telecommunication networks. In such large-scale, complex engineering systems when a failure occurs due to faults, it can have severe societal, health and economic consequences. The sequential arrival of data in CI systems calls for a fault diagnosis engine with adaptive behaviour to achieve and maintain optimal performance. However, the vast majority of existing work falls short on this requirement. This project will incorporate online learning capabilities to achieve adaptability and will also address class imbalance, a major challenge for learning systems, arising from the fact that faults are low probability events. Online class imbalance learning (OCIL) is an emerging research topic focusing on the combined challenges of online learning and class imbalance. We will shed light on supervised OCIL as very few methods currently deal with this problem and address for the first time the unsupervised and semi-supervised OCIL problems. The proposed algorithms will be evaluated in realistic fault diagnosis datasets from industrial partners and in an advanced Smart Buildings simulator allowing us to run sensor fault scenarios in large-scale multi-zone buildings. Furthermore, a prototype on sensor fault diagnosis will be delivered that will be evaluated on a physical Smart Buildings testbed to enable its efficient testing under realistic conditions. Overall, this novel and interdisciplinary project will provide invaluable insights on incorporating learning capabilities in CI systems fault diagnosis.

Mots clés : online learning, class imbalance, fault diagnosis, critical infrastructure systems, smart buildings

Participants :
- University of Cyprus (Chypre) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 157941.12 €
Projet MaSarx (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The aim of the project is to explore community differentiation implications arising from the Greek term sarx in Paul’s letters. The choice of primary material is based on the observation that this term recurs in settings where collective identity is established, and where the salvific capacity of collective identity is polemically engaged and negotiated (see Rom 7–9; Gal 5). The earliest group of Christ-believers gathered together in social systems which were in transition toward a higher level of diversity, which is an underinvestigated aspect of these texts. The primary objective is to investigate Paul’s views of differentiation and the constructs of collective identity in the settings where he uses the term sarx, and to consider the options for the translation of the relevant passages. Hence, the approach of the action is interdisciplinary (social-scientific criticism in Biblical studies) and intersectoral (the theory and practices of translation). Bowen’s social systems theory offers the terminology to describe the character, reactions, and development in social systems with regard to their level of differentiation and their capacity to handle psychological stress and to find solutions to new problems. The action comprises theological, linguistic and philological analysis, comparative literature, social-scientific hermeneutics, and the creative investigation of translation options. As described in social systems theory, an openness to individual variation in the social system is central to the development of societal resilience. In this context, religious communities act both as significant resources, as well as potential threats, to cooperation in diversity. The investigation of translation options will make the results of the action accessible to anyone interested in these texts, in their interpretation, and in social systems in transition.

Mots clés : new testament studies, psychological hermeneutics, biblical studies, pauline studies, translation, family systems theory

Participants :
- University of Oslo (Norvège) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 214158.72 €
Projet INTO (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The aim of the proposed interdisciplinary project is to design, make and test novel nanoparticles that will have direct and rapid impact in osteoporosis. The unique aspect of these injectable nanoparticles is that they will deliver active therapy locally, to where it is needed, and that the cargo is not a conventional drug, but a sustained delivery of a combination of active inorganic cations and rare earth nanoparticles. Certain cations can promote bone growth and inhibit resorption and nanoceria can scavenge free radicals that would otherwise accelerate osteoporosis. Systemic concentrations of active agents will be much smaller that caused by taking oral drugs. Delivery will be sustained because it is controlled by the dissolution rate of biodegradable mesoporous silica nanoparticles, which will improve over biodegradable polymer capsules that often deliver a burst release of their drug cargo. Beyond the project, long-term impact could include slowing metastasis of tumours into bone (e.g. breast cancer to the sternum). The biodegradable mesoporous silica nanoparticles will be synthesised by sol-gel, while the nanoceria will be synthesized by co-precipitation method and microwave treatment and entrapped within the silica network. Key aspects will be: incorporation of active ions and nanoceria within monodispersed silica nanoparticles of controlled size; ensuring the particles remain dispersed in body fluid (control of surface chemistry); testing efficacy in cell co-culture (uptake and cell stimulation) and investigating the effect of the presence of the particles on immune cells. The effect of process variables on composition, particle size, bioactivity, degradation rate, radical scavenger ability and the cellular response will be investigated.

Mots clés : rare earth nanoparticles, osteoporosis, radical scavengers, mesoporous silica nanoparticles

Participants :
- Imperial College London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet MINDFLY (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The aim of the proposed project is to develop novel configurations of the stable ultra-fast high power thulium-doped fibre laser systems mode-locked with carbon nanomaterials operating at ~2μm offering unique tool for micromachining. The Tm-doped fibre laser, with remarkable output parameters, will be used to obtain the ultra-broad supercontinuum generation in Mid-IR wavelength band extending beyond 3-9 μm. The MINDFLY project outputs will be relevant to the EU photonics industry through offering new cost-efficient technologies for stable, low-noise, ultra-high-speed, high-power ultrabroadband sources of light at Mid-IR with lower power consumption (~50%). The products transformed from the MINDFLY outputs will contribute to the enhancement of EU scientific excellence. In particular, the success of the project will lead to a number of disruptive innovations in photonics with potential application in medicine (including cancer diagnostics and optical coherence tomography), environmental sensing, optical frequency standards, and laser location services. The Fellow – Dr. Maria Chernysheva – will be trained in the fast growing field of science, technology and industrial applications of fibre lasers and nonlinear optics, receiving access to a unique training experience at the host and secondment organizations to become a rare asset to European research.

Mots clés : supercontinuum generation, mid ir wavelength band, thulium doped mode locked fiber laser

Participants :
- Aston University (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet TROPDIFFGEO (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Mathematics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The all-pervading utility of differential equations, and therefore of methods for their solution, in mathematics and the physical sciences, especially in mechanical and electronic engineering, is undisputable. The heat and wave equations are star examples. The subject has a long history, including its interactions with modern algebra since it was brought into that framework by Ritt in the late 1930s. Tropical geometry, introduced two decades ago, is a rapidly developing area of mathematics offering a new approach to algebraic and geometric problems, for instance, counting solutions to equations. "Tropicalising" these problems turns them into new problems stated only in terms of ensuring that collections of linear functions are tied for the greatest value, which have the same answers as the originals but can often be easier to solve. In 2015, the Fellow and others introduced an application of tropical tools to differential algebra. Inspired by the initial successes of these methods, we are here proposing to extend them to classes of differential equation not yet handled, to bring more algebro-geometric machinery to bear, to transfer further aspects of the theory of tropicalisation of algebraic varieties to differential algebra, and to extend the computational algebra which motivated Grigoriev's interest to our new settings.

Mots clés : tropical geometry

Participants :
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet Basquesmith (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The application of scientific techniques to analyse archaeological materials has greatly influenced modern archaeology, providing archaeologists with the tools to generate datasets, such as those associated with chronological dating and chemical compositions, from which more rigorous interpretations can be developed. The Basquesmith project aims to investigate ironworking production during Early Medieval (EM) times by applying microscopic techniques on an assemblage of materials excavated in rural settlements in the Basque Country (northern Spain), a region renowned for the superior quality of its iron products. Characterisation of the manufacture and repair methods used, the quality of the utensils produced, and the debris generated, will provide valuable insight into which production occurred at the sites. The originality lies in the artefacts themselves as well as the archaeometallurgical approach to investigate these assemblages. Common utensils such as ladles or keys made from iron, which are exceptionally rare in EM rural contexts, allow ironworking to be explored on rural implements from rural communities rather than prestige items from urban contexts. This will result in a truly utilitarian project combining history, archaeology and materials science to investigate a much neglected area for EM Spain. Basquesmith is highly committed to EU's strategy endorsed in the field of Cultural Heritage and is in an excellent position to carry out this research through the promotion of such an interdisciplinary approach. Moreover, Basquesmith integrates the applicant’s knowledge in material science with a top level research group (GIPyPAC) at the University of Basque Country. This network will not only encourage dissemination of the research within the academic literature and spotlight the cultural heritage of the Basque region, but it will also provide a framework which can be applied to the evaluation of technology in rural communities at other archaeological sites.

Mots clés : material analysis, archaeometallurgy, ironworking, early medieval, peasantry, social agency, craft production, distribution systems, consumption patterns

Participants :
- University of the Basque Country (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 158121.6 €
Projet FermiTrap (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The behavior of many-body quantum systems is one of the most difficult problems in modern physics. An interesting and open question is how the properties of a complex many-body system depend on its constituents, and how collective behavior emerges from the underlying few-particle building blocks. Ultracold atoms offer the unique possibility to realize well-controlled quantum systems and study this question directly in the laboratory. We propose a highly adaptable approach to assembling systems of few ultracold fermions in optical micro traps. Using a spatial light modulator, we will implement arbitrary trapping potentials and small optical lattices with novel geometries. A near-deterministic loading scheme will initialize states with extremely low entropies and realize previously inaccessible quantum states. We will perform detailed measurements of static and dynamic spin orderings on small Mott insulating plaquettes and realize unusual cylindrical optical lattices with periodic boundary conditions. Our approach is complementary to many traditional optical lattice experiments and will generate wide interest in mesoscopic Fermi systems.

Mots clés : ultracold fermions experiment, arbitrary potentials, optical tweezers

Participants :
- Heidelberg University (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 159460.8 €
Projet ROAR (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Reading is undoubtedly one of the most important cognitive skills in modern societies; yet, despite decades of reading research, some critical issues remain poorly understood. Given that the reading process is cognitively multi-faceted (involving linguistic processing, oculo-motor processing, memory and attention), getting to understand the reading process in full is by definition an interdisciplinary endeavour. Therefore, striking an interdisciplinary alliance between the fields of reading and attention, this project's mission is to increase understanding of the role of attention in reading (ROAR). Specifically, this project aims to answer the question of how attention is distributed across the visual field during reading, and how attention is used to organize incoming linguistic information. Moreover, this project offers a novel attention-based perspective on reading problems and dyslexia, along with a practical application to help remedy such problems. In short, getting to grips with how attention operates in reading may be key to solving several long-standing questions. This project comprises state-of-the-art electro-encephalography and eye-tracking techniques that will provide novel means to investigate attention in reading. Moreover, a recently developed reading interface, geared at facilitating word recognition by reducing interference from surrounding words, will be upgraded and tested with dyslexic readers. Thus, this project is perfectly placed in the Goldilocks zone between fundamental research and practical applicability.

Mots clés : reading, attention

Participants :
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 175572.48 €
Projet TMIM (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The development of Israeli visual culture in the twentieth century was underscored by artists’ search for local roots, counterbalanced with their desire to dialogue with an international artistic arena. As in other settler societies such as the United States and Australia, the attempt to produce a distinguished idiom of Israeli modernism oscillated between "nativism" and "universalism"––two seemingly opposed tendencies that were actually interrelated. Indeed, the historiography of Israeli visual culture has emphasized the ongoing tension between local versus global/universal influences. Nevertheless, scholars continue to debate which sources shaped Israeli modernism, and what political implications followed the incorporation of Middle Eastern traditions, European Jewish heritage, or international avant-garde movements into an Israeli national style. The proposed study would contribute to such debates by investigating a medium that has received little scholarly attention––textiles. Textiles and the Making of Israeli Modernism: From the Zionist Bauhaus to Feminist Art (TMIM) will focus on textiles produced in Israel during the 1940s–1970s within three separate yet overlapping fields of practice: an art and craft academy, a government-owned fashion brand, and the fine art establishment. TMIM will draw and expand on recent scholarship that addressed the marginalization of textiles within art history due to its association with "low," commercial, or "feminine" work, as well as the innovative field of object-oriented anthropology that considers "things" as agents of cultural and social meaning. TMIM aims to establish the significance of a group of highly prolific artists-designers, all female, whose work has been entirely overlooked. It is precisely its position at the crossroads of art, craft, and commerce that makes the field of textiles fertile ground for examining the construction of modernist perceptions during this formative period of Israeli nation-building.

Mots clés : textiles, israel, cross cultural influence, women artists, modernism

Participants :
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Israël) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 185464.32 €
Projet LAKEBOS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The development of farming in the Neolithic fundamentally changed human life. Livestock animals and farming innovations are thought to have spread across Europe during the Neolithic period via two distinct dispersal routes: 1. along the Danube corridor and through central Europe and 2. along the Mediterranean coast. This resulted in two distinctive cultural areas linked with particular modes of animal husbandry; a central European area with cultures based on cattle herding, and a Mediterranean area with cultures based on caprine husbandry. These husbandry patterns became embedded in these regions and remained the focus of agricultural practices into the Bronze Age and beyond. Switzerland is located between these two geographical and cultural regions and the Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures here represent a rare meeting and interaction point between them, yet very little work has explored the nature of this. Switzerland also has many large assemblages of perfectly preserved faunal remains from prehistoric lake dwelling sites where precise dating of different settlement phases can be achieved, representing a rare opportunity for the study of human-animal interactions with incredible temporal precision. The LAKEBOS project will use cattle, the most common domestic species at Swiss prehistoric sites, and a vital part of the new Neolithic farming ‘package’, as a proxy for investigating the way in which prehistoric agricultural practices from central European and Mediterranean cultures passed through this region and interacted with each other. It will use archaeozoological methods to investigate body size and shape change and demographic fluctuations on both a spatial and temporal scale. It will also use ancient DNA to investigate the potential for the introduction of new cattle groups into the region. The spread of agricultural innovations across Europe is the focus of some of the most important debates in archaeology, and this project will provide a vital contribution.

Mots clés : archaeozoology, cattle, bos taurus, neolithic, bronze age, biometry, wetland archaeology

Participants :
- University of Basel (Suisse) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 175419.6 €
Projet BINGO (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The development of metamaterials has opened new opportunities for designing novel devices in the field of imaging, data storage and sensing. Although some progress has been achieved in in this emerging area, the fabrication of nanoscale metamaterials with tailorable geometries still remains challenging. This proposal aims to develop a facile and scalable synthesis approach to gold metamaterials inspired by nature. The key novelty of the action is to use self-assembled cellulose nanocrystals as templates to fabricate gold morphologies with chiral periodic organization. The goals of the action are (I) the isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from bulk celluloses and their co-assembly to highly organized CNC and CNC/Au chiral scaffolds, (II) the post-treatment of such chiral films to achieve high porosity and excellent compatibility with gold precursors, (III) the development of a facile wet-chemical route to continuous gold morphologies exploiting the self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals, (VI) the optical characterization of CNC-templated gold structures. The cellulose-assisted synthesis of gold metamaterials has a potential to open a new pathway for fabrication of novel metamaterials and potentially can become a breakthrough technique in metamaterial engineering.

Mots clés : nanostructured gold, template assisted synthesis, biotemplate, cellulose nanocrystals, biophotonics, metamaterials

Participants :
- University of Cambridge (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €