Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet MYCOMOSS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

High latitude ecosystems, which experience particular high rates of climate warming are subject to changes in nitrogen (N) cycling due increased decomposition and changes in atmospheric N fixation and deposition. In cold ecosystems, temperature and low N availability restricts organic matter decomposition and plant growth, which affect ecosystem carbon (C) storage and thus climate feedback mechanisms. Understanding N cycling in high latitude ecosystems is therefore essential for understanding consequences of climate change. Mosses, which constitute a major component in high latitude ecosystems, intercept N entering the ecosystem via deposition and they host bacteria that fix atmospheric N. Therefore, they may be an important source for new N to the rest of the ecosystem. However, mosses do not easily decompose and the fate of N taken up by mosses is not well understood. Most vascular plants optimise their N uptake through partnerships with mycorrhizal fungi, which in return for labile C take up nutrients via extensive mycelium in the soil, and transfer a share to the host. Despite the presence of mycorrhizal fungi in the moss layer, their role in transfer of N from moss to plants is unknown. The overall aim of MYCOMOSS is to develop mechanistic and quantitative understanding of the role of mosses as providers of new N to N-limited high latitude ecosystems under climate change. This will be achieved by 1) making a full N budget of mosses under the effect of climate change manipulations in the field, 2) by exploring the role of different types of mycorrhiza across three major high latitude ecosystem types of Europe 3) and by tracing N from mosses through the ecosystem using stable isotope labelling. The quality of the implementation will be ensured by the fellow’s expertise in moss ecology and plant interactions, the host’s specialized knowledge about element cycling, and the secondment partner’s expertise on fungal community ecology.

Mots clés : mosses, bryophytes, mycorrhizal fungi, nitrogen, climate change impacts, subarctic forest, boreal forest, tundra, element cycling, n fixation, c storage, climate feedback, stable isotopes

Participants :
- University of Copenhagen (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 200194.8 €
Projet DURO (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

High performance computing has changed the way scientists make discoveries and is driving industrial innovation. From the simulation of the origins of the universe, to the optimization of wind turbine placement; supercomputers are helping us to change the world and improve the conditions of future generations. The next generation of European extreme scale computers brings new opportunities but also imposes new challenge: they need to be an order of magnitude more energy efficient and they need to be reliable so that no data is lost in the presence of failures. Novel deep-memory hierarchies offer an alternative to achieve these resilience and efficiency goals. Unfortunately, it is unclear how the system should utilize these cutting-edge hardware devices. The objective of this project is to build an abstraction layer between the new hybrid memory hardware and the scientific application, providing an easy way to leverage the features of the hardware while maintaining high energy efficiency and strong reliability. Barcelona Supercomputing Centre is an ideal place to carry out this research because of its top-level researchers. In particular, the fellowship will be supervised by Dr. Osman Unsal, who has a long outstanding experience supervising European projects. The combination of such an important project with the high quality training of the host institution represents the best career opportunity for the candidate to expand and solidify his research experience.

Mots clés : high performance computing, resilience, hybrid memory, energy efficiency, data movement

Participants :
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 170121.6 €
Projet SF-QFT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

High-intensity lasers have the potential to offer groundbreaking insights into physics both within and beyond the Standard Model, as well as a wealth of applications in science, medicine, technology and industry. There is therefore an international drive to explore fundamental physics in intense laser fields, in the regime where both relativistic and quantum effects are significant. This regime will be tested at the Extreme Light Infrastructure ("ELI"), a series of next-generation laser facilities funded by the European Commission and now in construction across Europe. The programme of research we propose here will leverage existing EU funding of the ELI initiative by confronting fundamental and urgent issues in laser-matter interaction theory, issues which must be understood in order to correctly analyse and interpret the results of upcoming experimental campaigns. The objectives of this proposal are therefore to produce new theory insights and to provide theory support for the high intensity laser experiments which will be performed at ELI over the next five to ten years. The research goals are to: 1. Build an analytical tool kit that abandons the basic and simplistic assumptions which have for many years constrained progress in this field. 2. Provide improved estimates and new predictions for measurable signals of quantum radiation reaction and light-by-light scattering in upcoming high-intensity laser experiments. In achieving these goals a major contribution will be made to intense laser science in the EU.

Mots clés : laser particle interactions, strong fields, nonperturbative effects, pair production

Participants :
- University of Plymouth (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet Q.Dot-PurE-WatER (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

High-quality supply of drinking water is essential for maintaining good health and environment. The quality of water-supply infrastructure symbolizes the progress and prosperity of a nation. Increasing population overburden and unpredictable climate change on earth is making drinking water resources scarce, consequently large parts of tropics and sub-tropics are affected adversely. For making pathogen/toxic chemical-free drinking water available, low-cost sustainable approach for water purification is essential, especially in the impoverished regions of the tropics and sub-tropics, where the sunlight is abundant. In order to provide solution for this crisis of drinking water shortage, my Q.dot-PurE-WatER MC project focusses on exploiting quantum (Q)-dot rare-earth(RE)-ion-doped glass from waste phosphor lamps for re-engineering solar-energy harvesting water evaporator and filtration system, called the solar-still as demo. In a demo solar-still, the Q-dot paint layer will be applied for enhancing black-body absorption for heating water to above 95oC for killing pathogens. The solar-still will also store energy by utilizing the organic lauric acid phase change mixture for using heat after sunset. The evaporated water will be filtered through photo-sensitized nano filter for destroying vapour-transported pathogens and chemicals. My goal is to demonstrate favourable impact of solar-still for the purification of dirty water of Ganges River in collaborative research training activities at the IIT-BHU in Varanasi, India and the St. James Hospital and Water@leeds in Leeds UK. This demonstration will be achieved as a result of four training packages including impact pathways, spread over 24-months, which will include six 15-days short visits to Varnasi, India.

Mots clés : quantum dot, glass, solar energy, energy harvesting, water purification, rare earths

Participants :
- University of Leeds (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet HisPO (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Histidine PhosPhorylation and Obesity Protein histidine phosphorylation is a poorly characterized post-translational modification. Its importance in mammalian cellular function is emerging from the discovery of histidine kinases and phosphatases and their substrates. Recently, histidine phosphorylation has been involved in heart failure and cancer. Obesity and type 2 diabetes remain challenging disorders due to growing prevalence around the world and poorly efficient treatments. Regarding metabolic disorders, histidine phosphorylation state has been associated with insulin secretion regulation in pancreas. However, the role of histidine phosphorylation in insulin sensitivity in liver, skeletal muscle or adipose tissue and/or in obesity is still not known. The main aim of the present project is to determine whether protein histidine phosphorylation plays a role in obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction. Thus, we will determine if obesity modify global histidine phosphorylation level, histidine kinases and phosphatases expression or activity, and specific protein histidine phosphorylation. Then, we will evaluate whether a change of histidine phosphorylation level can impact whole-body glucose metabolism and body weight/composition by using transgenic mice deficient in histidine phosphatases and/or kinases.

Mots clés : obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, histidine phosphorylation

Participants :
- University of Basel (Suisse) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 203149.44 €
Projet IQRS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Historiography has played a crucial role in nation-building projects across the world and Turkey presents a striking example of this phenomenon. In the country’s formative years (1923-1938), while the government took measures to create an official formulation of Ottoman and Turkish history, dissident groups across the political spectrum produced its alternatives. In both hegemonic and alternative historiography projects, gender and sexuality were of key significance. This research analyzes the politics of queer historiography and archival practice in this period by focusing on the works of three intellectuals: Hüseyin Rahmi Gürpınar (1864-1944), Reşad Ekrem Koçu (1905-1975), and Rıza Nur (1879-1942). The project examines how these prominent queer figures, who were born in the Ottoman Empire and witnessed the emergence of the nation-state, produced alternative and queer formulations of the past in the service of Marxist, neo-Imperialist, and fascist ideologies as they negotiated the politics of citizenship and belonging. To understand these processes, the project uses multi-sited archival research, and presents critical biographies of the authors together with close readings of the texts and performances they created. As the first comprehensive study on queer historiography and archival practice in Turkey, this research brings a new perspective to the sexual dimensions of nation-building. With the aid of ethnography, the project also analyzes the current efforts to redefine the official formulation of Turkey’s history, and how the works of queer intellectuals continue to influence both mainstream and alternative historiographical projects in the country. The project thus challenges some of the popular trends in Ottoman and Turkish historiography, especially the gendered and sexualized aspects of oral history projects as well as their ramifications on the current historical justice efforts—including the Armenian Genocide.

Mots clés : sexuality, gender, turkey, historiography, citizenship

Participants :
- Sabancı University (Turquie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 145355.52 €
Projet history textbooks (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Statut du projet : CLOSED

History textbooks are very important sources of the stories of who we are, where we came from, who are our neighbors, friends, enemies. They bring a rather simplified vision of the past and often adopt historical narratives which incorporate stereotypes about us and the Other. Unfavorable outcomes of public promotion of negative mutual stereotypes through history education have been recognized by both academics and education policy stakeholders, and a number of research initiatives on history textbooks have been conducted. The proposed project will bring a novel approach to analysis of the creation of stereotypes about the Other in history textbooks. This will be achieved by applying critical discourse analysis and using theories on social stereotyping that have been developed in the field of social science – both approaches definitely suitable for the history textbook research, but so far neglected by the academic community. Research on mutual stereotypes produced about the Other in history textbooks published in Slovakia and Hungary since 1918 until today - the countries whose contemporary political relationship has been dubbed the worst bilateral relationship between any two EU members - will serve as a case-study in the proposed project. The main outcome of the project will be a monograph published in English, an article published in Slovak and Hungarian languages and a series of public lectures targeting both the academic community as well as the education policy makers.

Mots clés : history textbooks, stereotypes, historical reconciliation

Participants :
- Eötvös Loránd University (Hongrie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 151850.88 €
Projet HoloWS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Holographic display is considered the holy-grail of three-dimensional (3D) auto-stereo displays because it generates arbitrary wavefronts providing imagery with all the 3D visual cues. However, the information content of a hologram with a large optical extent (the product of area and field-of-view) is much greater than the display capabilities of current spatial light modulators (SLMs) due to these SLM’s low space bandwidth product (a small diffraction angle range and limited pixel number) limiting the viewing angle and size of a displayed 3D holographic image. Therefore, the SLM’s low display capabilities hinder the realization of dynamic 3D displays of holograms with a large optical extent. Here, the HoloWS project will develop a novel holographic display method based on wave-front shaping of multiple light scattering fields to augment both limited viewing angle and image size at the same time, without the aforementioned drawbacks. Using a volumetric light scattering field, generated by highly disordered turbid media mediums, in conjunction with actively controlled wavefront shaping, the HoloWS project will display dynamic holograms with significantly increased viewing angle and image size at the same time. As a result, the viewing angle and the image size are enhanced compared with the case of using the SLM only to solve the inherent trade-off between the display size and visual angle.

Mots clés : holographic display, wavefront sesning, 3d imaging

Participants :
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 172932.48 €
Projet ChromaSTORM (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

How can phenotypic variations emerge from cells that carry the same genetic information? It is one of today’s great challenges to understand how genetic information is modulated inside the cell. Over the last decade, insight from genome-wide proximity-based ligation approaches revealed that the genome is organised in a hierarchical manner with the help of structuring proteins, and that this spatial organisation regulates the core functions of the genome, such as transcription, replication and repair. In this context, topologically associating domains (TADs) were identified as fundamental and functional building blocks of chromatin organisation above the nucleosome level. Despite its vital importance, our current understanding of the spatial organisation of TADs remains largely enigmatic. With the advent of super-resolution microscopy, tools are now available for studying genomic structures and their functional dynamics in situ at a resolution of 10 nm which corresponds to the size of a few nucleosomes. The goal of this project is to reveal the principles of TAD organisation in human cells. To achieve this, I will employ a multidisciplinary imaging-based approach. I will simultaneously visualise the DNA backbone of TADs and architectural proteins involved in TAD structure applying 3D super-resolution microscopy. I will focus on the key TAD organisers CTCF and Cohesin, as well as on Mediator and Condensin II. Additionally, I will directly study their individual structuring function for TADs by their acute depletion. Integrating these data with quantitative measurements of absolute protein copy numbers, I will derive a data-driven model of inner TAD organisation in cells. These studies will provide the first 3D description of this fundamental chromatin super-structure and will further our understanding of genome architecture which is a prerequisite for understanding genome function.

Mots clés : topologically associating domains  tads, structuring proteins, single molecule localization microscopy, quantitative model

Participants :
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 174806.4 €
Projet FinNet (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The financial market is a relevant part of our economy. Its crisis spread all over the countries and affect our daily life. Understanding these phenomena has become a crucial field of academic research and a holy grail for investors. In this project, I aim to study and develop models to forecast and manage the risk propagation along simplified structures called dynamical networks with particular emphasis on the morphological changes occurring as back-reaction to the risk spread.

Mots clés : dynamical networks, correlation networks, back reaction

Participants :
- Munchener ruckversicherungs-gesellschaft ag (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 53153.6 €
- Firamis gmbh (Allemagne) — Partner, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 106307.2 €
Projet SWEETHEART (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The flowering plants (angiosperms) evolved over 100 million years ago and quickly colonized every habitable corner of the planet. Such success hinges largely on the formation of fruits that protect and nurture the developing seeds. Moreover, a massive range of diversity in fruit shape arose during a relatively short time, which allowed for the development of ingenious ways of fertilisation as well as strategies for efficient seed dispersal. The Brassicaceae family contains a wealth of diversity in fruit morphologies and includes some of our genetically best characterised model plants and important crop species. Thus, the Brassicaceae family provides an ideal group of plants to study how specific shapes are established. Although many genes controlling fruit patterning in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana have been identified, processes leading to specific fruit morphologies are still poorly understood. To unravel these processes, I will study fruit shape using the heart-shaped fruits from Capsella rubella as a model system to unravel molecular mechanisms by which growth is oriented and coordinated to generate this shape. I will exploit a panel of Capsella fruit-shape mutants including the heartless (htl) mutant, which encodes a putative orthologue of the Arabidopsis ANGUSTIFOLIA (AN) protein. To investigate the molecular mechanism by which the HTL/AN protein controls fruit shape formation in Capsella, I will characterize the interacting proteins of HTL by immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry analysis. Novel genetic regulators of fruit shape will be identified and I will study their role in fruit development using biochemical, molecular and genetic analyses. Beyond the elucidation of how the genetic network is established to control anisotropic growth during development, the work described in this proposal will provide new directions for shaping seed and fruit crops for enhanced performance.

Mots clés : organ development, fruit shape, capsella rubella, novel regulators, molecular mechanism

Participants :
- UK Research and Innovation (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet LIMAStruct (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The full structuration of light in the transverse plane, including intensity, phase and polarization, holds the promise of unprecedented capabilities for applications in classical optics as well as in quantum optics and information sciences. Harnessing special topologies can lead to enhanced focusing, data multiplexing or advanced sensing and metrology. In this context, the present project aims at interfacing atomic ensembles with structured light exhibiting high topological charges, beyond the two-dimensional case. Two directions will be investigated: the realization of highly multimode quantum memories at the single-photon level with applications to quantum networks, and the demonstration of highly-sensitive magnetometer based on photonic gears.

Mots clés : orbital angular momentum, structured light, atomic ensemble, vortex beams

Participants :
- Sorbonne Université (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 185076.0 €