Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet CharmAsymmetries (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The study of difference between matter and antimatter (CP violation) is one of the most exciting fields at the frontier of fundamental physics research. It is driven by the question of what happened to the antimatter after the Big Bang. The mesons, particles that contain both matter and antimatter quarks are ideal laboratories for the discovery of CP violation. This proposal aims at looking for CP violation in decays of mesons containing one charm (or anti-)quark, the only type of mesons where CP violation has not yet been observed. One of the objectives is to carry out a measurement of the matter-antimatter mixing and CP violation parameters in the most sensitive charm decay mode (D0->Kspipi) using the unprecedented charm data sample collected by the LHCb experiment at CERN. To achieve maximal precision of both measurements, external input from the unique Chinese flavour factory, BESIII, is crucial. Key attributes of the decays of the D meson, the strong phases and their variation across the phase space, require the use of quantum-entangled states that are accessible at BESIII. Usually, these quantities are measured in regions of the phase space, the definition of which is inspired by a model. Wrong definition of these regions would lead to dilution of the sensitivity of these measurements. We propose to measure these quantities at every point of the phase space to maximise the precision. The second objective is to look for CP violation in the charm D0->(anti-)K*0KS decays with LHCb data ignoring time-dependent effects arising from matter-antimatter mixing. The three-body final state after an instant decay of the exited K*0 meson, K pi KS, will be studied using novel model-dependent and model independent methods, the former has been pioneered by the Manchester LHCb group, and the latter has not yet been tested. Currently, these decays have been highlighted by theorists as the most likely discovery channel for time-integrated CP violation in the charm system.

Mots clés : cp violation, neutral meson mixing, quantum entanglement, flavour physics, charm physics, lhcb experiment, besiii experiment

Participants :
- University of Manchester (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet EpiSTOX (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The study of emergent pollutants is included in the priority research guidelines of many environmental- and health-regulation bodies, such as the World Health Organisation, the USA Environmental Protection Agency or the EFSA and ECHA agencies of the European Commission. In this regard this regulatory bodies have identified substances of very high concern, including Endocrine Disruptors (EDCs). An emerging concern is related to substances that are able to modify cellular regulatory mechanisms long after the actual exposure occurred, a long-term effect mediated by chemical chromatin changes and integrated into the concept of epigenetics. The prevalent hypothesis is to use the "epigenetic foot-print” as a tool to evaluate the exposure of a given organism to toxicants, with the ultimate goal of identify determine if epigenetic signatures characterized after early development exposures are maintained through time once the pollutant exposure ceased, and if those can cause adverse effects on the exposed animals. In that context the main goal of the present proposal is to identify epigenetic footprints characteristic of early development exposures to EDCs in zebrafish. This project intends to: 1) To identify common epigenetic markers regulated by EDC exposures during early development; 2) To integrate transcriptomic and epigenetic platforms to identify relevant biological pathways characteristic of EDCs exposures. Results from this study would be very useful to identify target epigenetic biomarkers and develop cost-effective high-throughput methodologies to screen for epigenetic signatures after EDCs exposures.

Mots clés : endocrine disruptors, epigenomics, environmental and human health

Participants :
- Spanish National Research Council (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 170121.6 €
Projet HoloBH (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The study of infinite-dimensional symmetries has become a very important theoretical tool in high energy physics. Playing a fundamental role within the context of AdS/CFT holographic correspondence, infinite-dimensional symmetries and their associated mathematical structures have recently reappeared with renewed forms and in a large variety of setups, suggesting an expansion of the scope of the holographic paradigm. Carrying extremely rich information, the algebraic architecture of field theories with infinite symmetries has led to disclose unexpected interrelations between seemingly disconnected results of theoretical physics; such as the relation between soft graviton theorems and the asymptotic symmetries of flat spacetimes, or the conformal invariance governing the near horizon physics of highly spinning black holes. This research project is aimed at investigating different applications of infinite-dimensional symmetries and holography in theoretical physics, with the main attention focused on black hole physics. Specific problems to be addressed include: a) the microscopic computation of non-supersymmetric black holes thermodynamics in non-AdS spaces; b) the exploration of viable extensions of AdS/CFT correspondence to non-AdS spaces, including both warped deformations of AdS, alternative asymptotics for Kerr/CFT, and asymptotically flat spacetimes at null infinity; c) infinite-dimensional symmetries emerging at the near horizon region of non-extremal black holes. This project includes both the transfer of knowledge and skills to the host institution and the training of the researcher in new advanced techniques in the field. As major impacts, the proposal will enhance the future career prospects of the researcher, due to the outstanding training provided by the host, as well as foment further collaborations between the host and other European institutions in the field.

Mots clés : gravitation  holography, black holes, asymptotic symmetries

Participants :
- TU Wien (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 166156.8 €
Projet ERIEH (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The study of integrable models in the AdS/CFT correspondence has provided deep insights into string theory, the holographic principle, and the finite coupling behavior of quantum field theory. My proposal aims to extend aspects of this approach beyond supersymmetric and conformal theories by studying integrable deformations of the AdS5 x S5 superstring. These come in two types — quantum deformations and Drinfeld twists — which can produce both new theories and new perspectives on well-established ones. The aims of this programme are (A) to understand quantum deformations in string theory and AdS/CFT, (B) to refine associated technical tools based on integrability, (C) to develop a unified perspective on Drinfeld twists in string theory and AdS/CFT, and (D) to overcome technical obstacles in the integrability based description of twisted models. By developing exact results and methods, this programme will lead to new insights in string theory, holography, and quantum field theory, at finite coupling, beyond the superconformal regime. This programme would foster connections with other areas of theoretical and mathematical physics such as supergravity, integrability in condensed matter physics, and noncommutative geometry. Its aims are directly aligned with the current research goals of the proposed supervisor, Prof. Arkady Tseytlin, one of the world's leading experts in exact holography and string theory. The knowledge and skill set required to complete them are a natural and complementary combination of his and my own. Imperial College London would, furthermore, provide an excellent setting for transferrable skills training and outreach activities. Taken in its entirety, this fellowship would allow me to establish myself as an independent researcher with a broad scope and extensive transferable skills and network, significantly advancing my career opportunities.

Mots clés : classical and quantum integrable systems, string theory, holography, supergravity

Participants :
- Imperial College London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet OssCaNa (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The study of on-surface chemical reactions has attracted recently an enormous interest demonstrating to be a versatile tool for the fabrication of atomically precise covalently bonded carbon nanomaterials that cannot be synthesized in conventional solution-based chemistry. However, despite of the extraordinary advances realized in the field of on-surface synthesis in the last years, a gap between ideal nanomaterials and the accessible synthetic pathways to reach them still persists. Contemporarily to the recent progress achieved in on-surface synthesis, the fabrication of high-performance tunneling field-effect transistors (FETs) based on the bottom-up chemical synthesis of specific carbon-based nanomaterials, such as low-bandgap GNRs, has supposed an enormous progress for the fabrication of next-generation electronic devices, opening the field of flexible and low-consumption electronics. A general feature of the bottom-up assembly approaches realized so far is the need of a metallic substrate to trigger and promote the assembly of precursor monomers into the desired final nanomaterial. As a result, the final product is supported on metal substrates, which is not adequate for the device development. Therefore, efficient transfer procedures for bringing the targeted nanomaterial onto technologically relevant semiconducting or insulating substrates are necessary. In this context, the goal of the OssCaNa project presents two steps. First, it aims at the study of carbon-based nanomaterials combining a broad variety of surface science techniques such as low temperature scanning probe microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS), non-contact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Second, it focusses on the efficient transfer of the targeted nanomaterials fabricated and characterized on a metallic substrate in the previous step, to appropriate substrates for further electrical transport characterization and high-performance device fabrication.

Mots clés : surfaces, scanning tunneling microscopy, scanning tunneling spectroscopy, nc afm, x ray photoelectron spectroscopies, raman spectroscopy, substrate transfer, device fabrication

Participants :
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 160932.48 €
Projet PALEOSEISQUAKE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The study of past earthquakes is essential in modern seismic hazard assessment. Paleoseismology is a field of research that allows to characterize past earthquakes and to determine the seismic potential of the source faults based on the interpretation of the geological record. Thus, its strength is that covers much longer periods than the instrumental or historical seismic catalogues. Subaqueous paleoseismology merge and integrate paleoseismology and marine geology to detect and describe the occurrence of paleoearthquakes on faults located underwater. Recent advances in subaqueous paleoseismology have allowed to derive the submarine paleoearthquake records directly on-faults and their individual vertical displacement. The next step now is to move towards the obtaining of net displacements per event (normal and strike-slip components) and short term net slip-rates. The main objective of the PALEOSEISQUAKE project is to implement a new approach to characterize the seismic potential of active faults, with special emphasis on recognizing single net event displacements and obtaining precise net slip-rates. To achieve this objective different active fault systems located in the California margin (US) and Alboran Sea (southeastern Iberia) will be analyzed using closely-spaced grids (pseudo 3D) or 3D PCable surveys of high-resolution (HR) seismic data to derive 3D geological models where net displacements will be calculated. The resulting methodology will give more accuracy on the Quaternary slip rates of the faults and improve scientific knowledge about their behavior, but, also, reduce the uncertainties on the data used by scientists and civil protection authorities involved in seismic hazard assessment. PALEOSEISQUAKE is an original and innovative project that aims to develop a new scientific approach using modern analysis techniques, and will represent a step forward in subaqueous paleoseismology.

Mots clés : active tectonics, active fault, paleoseismology, seismic cycle, net slip rate, net displacement per event, earthquake geology, tectonic geomorphology, marine geology, seismic hazard

Participants :
- University of California System (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Spanish National Research Council (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 239191.2 €
Projet PEMETH (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The study of psychiatric facilities is major for the care of vulnerable people. It is central to the study of therapeutic environment for mental health, great value for understanding mental illness and the psychosocial impact of the built environment and formulating interdisciplinary relations between architecture and health. In Europe, about 20% of the burden of disease relates to mental illness. With low diagnostic and low medical treatment accuracy factor, environment is key for quality of care and patients’ social re-integration. The key questions of this proposal are: (i) how the mechanisms of the environment influence the personal and social milieu of psychiatric space, and (ii) how the environmental needs of the mentally ill are met by wards. Work in other healthcare settings has shed some light on the first, yet little is known about the second. For these, the researcher aims to exploit the scientific tools of architectural morphology (Space Syntax) and juxtapose them with a patient-focused, model for the evaluation of psychiatric environment (the SCP model), to investigate environment in an integrated way. The research will be comparative of two methodologies and will involve facilities in the community as case studies for its physical locus. Those will be examined for their spatial qualities. The findings could set the framework for a model for evidence-based healthcare architecture to serve as design and evaluation tool, immediately accessible to architects and stakeholders. The final product will be design methods and guidelines for healthcare architecture and in particular for community psychiatric facilities immediately accessible to architects. The research is expandable, when environment is important in prevention and care strengthening the area between healthcare from one side and architecture on the other. However, the largest contribution is in architecture, a sector of great potential, yet in need of more interdisciplinary connections.

Mots clés : social inclusion, mental health architecture, space syntax, architectural research, psychiatric facilities, architectural morphology, social reintegration, community mental health, social stigma

Participants :
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet FunCoSpeedSpine (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The study of spinal circuits underlying locomotion has a rich history, spanning over 100 years of research. Great efforts have been made to map out the connection patterns between motor neurons and different muscle targets. Yet, we know little about how premotor networks govern the recruitment of motor neurons and the control of speed. Recent advances in optogenetics, 3D light patterning and fluorescent-targeted patch clamp recordings of identified neurons now enable to map the functional connectome for speed control in spinal motor circuits. Here we will focus on the role of V2a excitatory premotor interneurons since these cells have the potential to act as a key nexus in the spinal network: i) spanning both in the hindbrain and spinal cord, ii) making direct connections with motor neurons and iii) modulating locomotor speed. Recent studies revealed piecemeal information related to the V2a to motor neurons connection pattern. By taking advantage of the optical clarity of the zebrafish larva, we will implement a comprehensive approach combining in vivo electrophysiology, state-of-the-art 3D optical stimulation of genetically targeted cells and functional calcium imaging to resolve the connectivity map of V2a neurons and answer 3 new key questions: 1. What are the synaptic connections among V2as and between V2a and motor neurons within both slow and fast locomotion? 2. What is the degree of convergence and divergence between V2a neurons and motor neurons? 3. Do supraspinal inputs to the spinal cord segregate based on speed? A talented young scientist, with a great track record and the right expertise to tackle these ambitious questions, will carry out the project in the prolific research environment offered by the Wyart lab at the Brain and Spine Institute in Paris. This effort will lead to high impact publications as well as to develop the necessary skills to launch an independent research career for the applicant.

Mots clés : locomotion, connectome, optogenetics mediated mapping, zebrafish

Participants :
- Institut du cerveau (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 173076.0 €
Projet BrainTree (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The study of the evolution of the brain across species provides a unique perspective on the sources of normal and pathological variability in the human brain – a major challenge for neurosciences today. I propose a project to study the evolution of the vertebrate brain with unprecedented detail. I have a strong background in neuroimaging, computational neuroanatomy and the creation of platforms for real time collaboration in neuroimaging. During the last years I have worked on the analysis of the neuroanatomical development of the human brain and the evolution of primate brain folding, as well as in the development of Web tools to allow distributed collaboration among scientists. I propose to use this expertise to build the largest, open database of magnetic resonance imaging data of vertebrate brains. I will use state of the art computational neuroanatomy methods to build precise brain reconstructions and automatically extract a series of neuroanatomical measurements of regional brain volume, surface-based shape information and brain folding. In addition, I will develop new methods to capture the variability in shape and folding patterns using graph theory and deep learning algorithms. I will test different evolutionary scenarios using phylogenetic comparative methods, to estimate ancestral phenotypes, evolutionary changes, and the emergence of multivariate relationships across brain structures. My project will be developed in collaboration between the Group of Theoretical and Applied Neuroanatomy at Institut Pasteur, the National Natural History Museum in Paris and the Institute of Biology of the École Normal Supérieur. This collaboration will provide the ideal framework for my project, combining the availability of one of the world’s largest vertebrate brain collections, with leading expertise in computational neuroanatomy and phylogenetic comparative methods, crucial for my future career goal of becoming a leading researcher in brain evolution.

Mots clés : computational neuroanatomy, brain evolution, phylogenetic comparative methods, open science, open data, citizen science

Participants :
- Institut Pasteur (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 196707.84 €
Projet Apple-Biome (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The success of any agricultural system and sustainable production depends on the health of its plants. Pests and pathogens are responsible for the loss of almost one-third of the global crop production. However, microorganisms found in and on plants are not always the cause of disease. Instead, the naturally occurring microbial communities, the plant’s microbiome, play an essential role in the development of healthy plants. This project is based on a hypothesis-driven approach to address fundamental questions about the plant microbiome such as What is the source of a plant’s microbiome? What are the pathways of inheritance and acquisition? How does the microbiome move, disseminate, and enter a new host? Apple was selected as a plant model; a fruit that has been a principal component of a healthy diet, and played a major role in human evolution and survival. The proposed methodology employs cutting-edge and multidisciplinary techniques such as metagenomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, among others. Results of this project will help to understand the microbiome’s life cycle, associate microbes with specific organs and tissues, and identify microbial species that define a healthy host with healthy organs and offspring. From there, it will be easy to determine changes, understand disease and disorders, and find ways to correct unbalanced microbiomes. Identifying how the microbes are acquired and to which organs and tissues they are associated with, will help in understanding the optimal methods to introduce microbial species to the host. While the proposed approaches are novel, once the validity of the hypotheses is proven, they will serve as a foundation for future microbiome studies. These studies will drive the development and implementation of safe, environmentally-friendly strategies for global agriculture production. These innovations in the management of plant health have myriad positive and far-reaching implications for environmental and human health.

Mots clés : microbial ecology, plant disease, microbiome, apple, fruits crops, dissemination, pathways, agriculture, plant production, plant health, domestication

Participants :
- Graz University of Technology (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 174167.04 €