Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet QDM (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This proposal concerns the formal and descriptive foundations of belief updating (BU) in human decision making. What are the principles that guide change in beliefs, as evidence accumulates? The dominant approach in decision making has been classical, Bayesian probability theory (CPT). Yet persistent discrepancies between CPT prescription and human behaviour challenge this dominance. Are there analogous findings in BU? If yes, if CPT cannot provide a satisfactory account of BU, what is a suitable alternative formal framework? We will carefully consider surprising empirical tests of the adequacy of CPT in belief updating, inspired by quantum probability theory (QPT). The recently emerging QPT decision models have been revolutionarizing insight about the formal principles guiding decision making. Prediction insights for BU call for more advanced techniques in QPT, such as open-system dynamics. The Experienced Researcher(ER) has an outstanding track record in quantum foundations and is seeking a career transition to cognitive psychology. The Supervisor is one of the pioneers of the application of QPT in cognitive psychology. This highly inter-disciplinary, innovative proposal will converge QPT technical expertise and deep, unaddressed questions in decision making. CITY is already one of the internationally leading centres for cognitive research based on QPT methods, with experts spanning computer science, economics, physics and cognitive psychology. This is the perfect environment to enable the ER to apply her expertise, flourish, and mature into one of the leading figures in this emerging research area. Finally, formalizing the principles of BU is a key challenge not only for cognitive psychology, but any area where there is a need for rigorous models of belief change, as a result of accumulating evidence (e.g., artificial intelligence). This proposal will be a major step towards a fully comprehensive, technically sophisticated, and empirically accurate theory.

Mots clés : decision making, prisoner s dilemma, quantum probability theory, mathematical models of cognition

Participants :
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet HoogsCG (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This proposal concerns the study of non-canonical interactions in nucleic acids. These interactions, also known as non-Watson-Crick base pairing, involve single or multiple DNA or RNA strands and are increasingly recognized as having a variety of essential roles in replication forks, telomeres, and gene regulation. Since these processes occur on spatial and time scales beyond the reach of current computational capabilities, we propose to develop an innovative coarse-grain approach to describe them. This approach will tackle an important and yet unmet challenge - the correct description of non-canonical interactions at near-atomic resolution in large-scale nucleic acids. The model will be derived from exhaustive classical all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and will be validated against experimental observables including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and small angle x-ray scattering. It will be used to describe non-canonical interactions – including Hoogsteen base pairs, which are the building blocks of triplex and quadruplex structures – and will incorporate the effects of epigenetic marks on DNA. The model will enable the description of the sequence dependent mechanical properties of guanine quadruplexes and triplex folds on temporal and spatial scales beyond the reach of current methods. As such, it will allow us to investigate the formation and dynamics of long triplex hybrids of DNA and RNA, the behaviour of long-non-coding RNAs interacting with naked DNA, and the effects of non-canonical interactions in systems relevant to chromatin. Thus, this model will be useful to predict and understand the molecular bases of fundamental open questions in biology and has a potential impact in molecular medicine and the pharmacological industry. Overall, this approach will provide an invaluable theoretical tool to describe nucleic acid structures and dynamics, contributing to the description and prediction of a wide range of genetic and epigenetic processes.

Mots clés : computation biophysics, coarse grain modelling, hoogsteen base pairs, non coding rna, g quadruplex, rna triplex

Participants :
- University of Cambridge (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet NOVOCAT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This proposal deals with the development of an innovative and unconventional catalytic de novo approach to β-amino acids, compounds of remarkable biological significance, using simple, available and abundant carbon dioxide (CO2) as C1 synthon. Specifically, NOVOCAT will promote a synergistic catalytic C-N bond-cleavage/CO2 insertion event of readily available aziridines from a synergistic and rather challenging C-N cleavage/CO2 insertion event. The project will offer all the necessary understanding behind the factors influencing both C-N bond-cleavage and the subsequent CO2 insertion event, thus opening up new horizons in preparative organic chemistry as well as offering solutions to a social, industrial and academic problem such as the use of CO2 as chemical feedstock. NOVOCAT´s design will allow for promoting a counterintuitive catalytic desymmetrization or dynamic kinetic resolution events of aziridines with CO2 en route to β-amino acids. This proposal will lead to new knowledge in synthetic design, thus providing new logics in retrosynthetic analysis that will likely attract the interest of both pharmaceutical and industrial laboratories.

Mots clés : carbon dioxide, c n activation, nickel, amino acids, desymmetrization

Participants :
- Institut Català d'Investigació Química (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 170121.6 €
Projet BBFGEN (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This proposal describes my aim to use a uniquely large multigenerational family to better understand the genetic underpinnings of mood disorders: the Brazilian Bipolar Family (BBF). The family has a high incidence of mood disorders, featuring diminishing age of onset over generations and assortative mating, whereby many of the marriages in the family are between individuals with a psychiatric disorder. Mood disorders are leading contributors to the global burden of disease. Bipolar disorder is characterized by periods of elevated mood and periods of depression. Major depressive disorder is characterized by pervasive and persistent low mood, low self-esteem and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. Heritability estimates are 37% for MDD and up to 75% for BP. The current picture for complex disorders is of a genetic architecture consisting of both common and rare variants contributing risk. Genetic studies of mood disorders have not yet individual variants/genes accounting for a large increase in risk. The effect of common variants in the family context is unclear. I propose to utilize the BBF as a unique resource for studying both common and rare variation in mood disorders. Its size offers a powerful means for mapping genetic loci for mood disorders that are individually rare but common within the family. It also provides us with a unique model in which to analyse individual genetic risk profiles, utilizing the large sample size of and predictive ability of previous case-control association studies for each family member into a polygenic risk score. This will also allow me to assess assortative mating, which may act to increase polygenic risk to mood disorders over generations. I will develop an approach which will allow me to incorporate genome-wide case-control study results into family studies – something with broad utility for the field. My study will shed light on the genetic pathology of mood disorders, aiding prevention and treatment.

Mots clés : bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, mood disorders, family study, pedigree, polygenic risk score, rare variation, copy number variation, linkage analysis, assortative mating, anticipation

Participants :
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet SAW (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

This proposal investigates how investments in Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) affect firms’ ability to attract, motivate, and retain employees. The Researcher will examine the European context and investigate how OHS investments and practices of European firms impact their competitive advantage from human capital. The overall ambition of the proposed project is to investigate whether and when firms’ investments in employees’ health and safety yield returns in terms of rents from human capital. This project has two main research objectives. First, the Researcher will use matched employer-employee data from France to analyze how differences in safety investments and practices across firms explain cross-firm differences in human capital outcomes (Cross-firm analysis). Second, the Researcher will collect unique data from (at least) one organization to investigate how differences in safety practices affect employee hiring, performance, and turnover (Within-firm analysis). The proposed project extends the literatures on strategy and human resources by providing an innovative theoretical and empirical account of the relationship between OHS and competitive advantage from human capital. The impact of this project will affect several communities, including scholars in management and OHS, students, as well as business and policy professional.

Mots clés : occupational health and safety, employee turnover, employee performance, hiring, competitive advantage from human capital

Participants :
- École des hautes études commerciales de Paris (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 184707.84 €
Projet IMIC (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Mathematics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This proposal is in mathematical logic. It aims to study interactions between set theory and computability. More specifically, we want to apply techniques from inner model theory to computability and randomness. The development of modern set theory began with Paul Cohen's solution of Hilbert's first problem in 1964. Since then, set theory has been used to solve important problems in various areas of mathematics. Descriptive set theory studies definable sets of reals, for instance Borel and analytic sets, and computability studies computable functions and its higher analogues. We propose to develop applications of inner model theory in computability. Inner model theory is a major field of set theory which was pursued for instance by Ronald Jensen (recipient of the AMS Steel prize 2003 and Hausdorff medal 2015) and Hugh Woodin (recipient of the Hausdorff medal 2013). A major aim of this field is to determine the logical strength of theories. Recently, several new approaches for constructions of inner models have been studied, for example via strong logics by Menachem Magidor and Jouko Väänänen. We propose to follow this line of research and to study models constructed via ideas from infinite computation related to work of Joel David Hamkins and Philip Welch. We further propose to apply inner model theory and descriptive set theory to study random sequences. Algorithmic randomness is a central field in computability with connections to theoretical computer science, that has been studied intensively, for instance by Ted Slaman and Andre Nies. We aim to solve problems in the higher generalizations of algorithmic randomness.

Mots clés : set theory, inner model theory, hypercomputation, descriptive set theory

Participants :
- University of Bristol (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet Tropical (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Mathematics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This proposal joins three themes around tropical arithmetics: WP1. Tropical methods in game theory. Mean payoff games form an interesting class in complexity theory since they are known to be in NP, but it is not known whether they can be solved in polynomial time. Our objective is to use tropical operators for the development of new and fast algorithms to solve mean payoff games. In addition, we search for strategies to establish a polynomial time algorithm. WP2. Tropical structures for matroids. In a recent paper, we have introduced a novel approach to study matroid representation in terms of a new algebraic structure: the representation theory of the matroid is completely controlled by its "foundation". Our objective is to continue this powerful theory by broadening the foundations and developing computational tools to determine the foundation of a matroid. Additionally, we aim for an understanding of foundations of 3-connected matroid, which conjecturally reveals a deep connectivity property for the foundation. (3) Tropical Riemann-Roch. The tropical Riemann-Roch theorem has found important applications in Brill-Noether theory. Up to date, this theorem is a purely combinatorial statement about graphs. Our objective is to use the richer structure of tropical scheme to develop a cohomological understanding and proof of the Riemann-Roch theorem. This involves the development of sheaf cohomology and etale morphisms for tropical schemes and an understanding of Berkovich skeleta as tropical schemes. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of this proposal (game theory and matroids form a part of computer science, our methods stem from a mathematical background), we chose Groningen as a basis to perform this proposal. The Bernoulli Institute in Groningen merges Mathematics and Computer Science in one departent, with three additional centers AI, CDSS and CogniGron. Moreover the BI hosts virtually all tropical geometers of the Netherlands.

Mots clés : tropical geometry, f1 geometry, matroids, mean payoff games, k theory, automorphic forms

Participants :
- University of Groningen (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 187572.48 €
Projet CNTQUBIT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This proposal outlines our vision for generating the first mechanical quantum bit (qubit) ever produced. The qubit will be realized with a carbon nanotube (CNT) in two steps. First, a carbon nanotube mechanical resonator is prepared in its quantum ground state and strongly coupled to an embedded electronic two-level system (eTLS). The eTLS is realized by carefully tuning the energy states of two spatially distinct charge quantum dots until they hybridize. This double quantum dot is hosted along the suspended carbon nanotube and localized such that it couples strongly to a high mechanical quality factor vibrational mode. Secondly, the strong coupling between the emergent eTLS and the CNT mechanical mode enables a tunable and strong anharmonicity in the mechanical restoring potential. This anharmonicity makes it possible to use the system as a qubit, which will be realized by integrating the nano-electromechanical (NEMS) device with a superconducting microwave cavity. This allows for the mechanical qubit to be coherently addressed and sensitively read-out using the state-dependent frequency shift imparted by the qubit on the superconducting cavity.

Mots clés : carbon nanotubes, electromechanics, nems, electron transport, qubit, cavity electromechanics, quantum optics, quantum information processing

Participants :
- Institute of Photonic Sciences (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 160932.48 €
Projet HEAVYDWF (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This proposal plans to develop simulations of heavy quark phenomenology in 2+1f QCD with the vacuum effects of up, down and strange quarks simulated directly at physical quark masses. Heavy quarks in the region of the physical charm quark mass will be included in the valence approximation, and for a number of masses, which when combined with extrapolations making use of heavy quark symmetry will facilitate the prediction of the phenomenology and weak interactions of charm and bottom meson systems. All fermions will make use of chirally symmetric fermion formulations, and this will bring particular simplification to the predictive calculation of the weak interaction amplitudes that constrain searches for new physics in experiments such as the LHC.

Mots clés : lattice qcd, weak interactions, domain wall fermions

Participants :
- University of Edinburgh (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet APT-Met (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This proposal presents a training-by-research plan in the emerging and exciting field of Atom Probe Tomography (APT) and its application in analysing non planar atomic scale state-of-the art semiconductor nanostructures. Central to this project are the metrology and training advances needed to underpin the next generation of 3 dimensional (3D) device architectures based on atomically engineered materials and interfaces (e.g. FinFETs such as the Tri-gate transistor ). Amongst the possible emerging 3D analysis techniques which meet industrial requirements in terms of 3D-spatial resolution is APT. However, within the semiconductor field APT as a characterisation tool is still in its infancy with many challenges unresolved from both a fundamental understanding perspective as well operational performance. It therefore remains prone to many artefacts and limitations such that one has not yet reached the robust analysis levels required for the semiconductor industry - i.e. qualitative versus quantitative information, high success yield, tight reproducibility and accuracy, and a full understanding of the data quality. Research on the exploitation of APT for advanced semiconductor devices is restricted as it requires simultaneous access to an (expensive) APT tool and advanced semiconductor technology. Thus, the number of trained researchers is limited. This project therefore aims to: (1) advance the APT technique and (2) complement the applicant’s expertise with substantial training and knowledge of the APT technique. Through detailed investigations into the phenomena most impacting on APT new insights which will feed into the needs of the semiconductor industry will be sought. The research and training activities are designed to enhance the future career of the applicant by broadening his technical skills in a novel research area that and increase his prospects for extended funding for future collaborative research projects.


Participants :
- IMEC (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 160800.0 €
Projet FUNNANO (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This proposal presents unique and innovative approaches for ultra-high-resolution functional electrochemical imaging of living cells, using smart nanometer probes that will enable the investigation of bio-physicochemical process within a single living cell with unprecedented sub-cellular resolution. Truly nanoscale electrochemical probes will be developed that shall be capable of performing multiple in-situ and time-resolved electrochemical measurements, and synchronously map cell topography. This will bring a whole analyses laboratory onto a probe tip in a new conceptual idea of a “lab-on-a-tip”, which is at the core of this proposal. Using PC12 cells as an exemplar, we will investigate cellular uptake/release, cellular membrane charge heterogeneity (down to the single protein) and temperature gradients, as well as chemical and environmental aspects to respiration. The developments from this proposal will represent a major breakthrough in functional electrochemical imaging and will elucidate key cellular processes. This developments will have a huge impact on life sciences and on the electrochemical imaging field and, granted the wide applicability of electrochemical imaging, will be hugely beneficial for other areas of science. The proposal is highly interdisciplinary, and there is a natural fit between the Fellow’s profile and activities at the Host Group and collaborators in Life Sciences. The proposal draws on the Fellow’s solid background in chemistry and instrumentation development, which will be married with the world-leading research on new nanoscale functional imaging techniques of the Warwick Host. With support and expertise from the Host, this project will provide the applicant, Gabriel N. Meloni, with an outstanding opportunity to pioneer a new area of science, from which he will benefit in the future as he develops his independence. The project build and strengthen scientific links between the Gabriel’s home country (Brazil) and groups in Europe.

Mots clés : scanning electrochemical probe microscopy, scanning electrochemical microscopy, scanning ion conductance microscopy, single cell imaging, single cell analyses, high resolution electrochemical imaging

Participants :
- University of Warwick (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet PHOTOCYLINDER (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This proposal will bring to Birmingham a highly promising early career researcher originally from India and now in Grenoble, to undertake an exciting project at the interface of chemistry, nanoscience and biology. The fellowship will develop the fellow to a position where he will be ready to secure an academic position to launch his own independendent research career in Bioinorganic Chemistry, supported by and further developing the European links and collaborations he will have formed. Alongside the research training in techniques and approaches and transferable skills training the fellow will gain, he will transfer to Birmingham his expertise in agents for photodynamic therapy, enhancing the capabilities of the Birmingham teams. The overarching research aims of this work are to develop for the first time DNA-fork-binding metallocylinders with a PDT capability and to use these not only as direct PDT agents but also as triggers to release therapeutic drugs from DNA nanostructures.

Mots clés : metallo drugs, metals in medicine, dna recognition, metallo supramolecular chemistry

Participants :
- University of Birmingham (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 224933.76 €