Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet CSE-LBATTS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Rechargeable lithium batteries are a game-changing technology for electric vehicles and portable electronics due to their benefits in energy density. However, safety is a concern because of the use of flammable organic liquid electrolytes in lithium batteries. Solid state electrolytes not only address the safety issue but also eliminate the issues related to Li metal anode and thus improve gravimetric as well as volumetric energy density, cycle life, and operable temperature range. Whilst there have been recent efforts to create solid state batteries, no real transformative progress has yet been made in this area. The work performed in this proposal will address the limitations of commercialization of solid-state lithium batteries whilst utilizing novel composite solid electrolyte (CSE) fabrication techniques to design composite solid electrolytes. The proposed undertaking presents an excellent training and career acceleration opportunity - enabling me to apply my academic research in an industrial setting whilst also gaining world class advanced innovation management and product development techniques. This will help transform my career and my applied academic profile into a leading authority in solid state lithium batteries and composite solid electrolyte technology.

Mots clés : nanotechnology materials engineering composite

Participants :
- Istanbul Technical University (Turquie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 255943.68 €
- University of North Carolina System (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet RepliStressTiming (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Replication stress has emerged as a prominent driver of genomic instability. The ATR kinase is a master regulator of the cellular response to replication stress and defects in ATR activation or loss of its signaling components leads to DNA damage, genomic instability and tumorigenesis. Yet the direct mechanisms by which ATR signaling prevents these repercussions remain poorly understood. The primary aim of this study is to investigate a novel role for ATR in regulating the cellular replication timing program and corresponding gene expression. I hypothesize that replication stress caused by disruption of ATR signaling perturbs the carefully regulated timing by which genes are replicated. This directly alters gene expression patterns, potentially leading to oncogene activation and/or silencing of tumor suppressors. This idea is substantiated by my preliminary results indicating striking shifts in replication timing of select genomic loci under defective ATR signaling. Furthermore, a recent finding that ATR maintains the transcriptional status of genes in the vicinity of stalled forks alludes to a similar connection. This timely study will be the first to identify genes with altered transcriptional activity as a result of perturbations in replication timing under ATR-mediated replication stress. Functional characterization of these gene products will provide new insight into how ATR determines replication timing and direct mechanistic basis for how ATR signaling safeguards against tumorigenesis. The outcomes can better inform exploitation of replication stress in cancer therapeutics in the form of ATR inhibitors and underlying pathologies in ATR-deficient Seckel syndrome and associated hereditary diseases. By bridging the fields of replication stress and timing, I will gain new skills in transcriptomics, chromatin biology and in vivo tumor models to complement my previous expertise in replication timing and genomics, laying strong foundations for my independent career.

Mots clés : replication stress, replication timing, atr signaling, genome instability, tumorigenesis, cancer, stalled replication forks, gene expression regulation, in vivo model

Participants :
- University of Copenhagen (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 200194.8 €
Projet EvolAge (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Reproduction and diet are the two main factors that affect aging in a wide range of animal species, including humans. Recent studies suggest that the link between these factors and aging is controlled by genes related to fat metabolism and nutrient sensing, but the exact role of these genes in lifespan and late-life health remains to be elucidated. In addition, most of the known 'aging' genes were identified with laboratory-generated mutants or transgenic manipulations. The genetic mechanisms that control natural variation in lifespan, which may depend on subtle changes to known 'aging' genes or completely different genes, are still unknown, whereas these natural alleles are responsible for aging phenotypes observed in natural populations, including in humans. In this project, I propose to study a unique set of experimentally evolved (EE) Drosophila melanogaster lines that have developed an extended lifespan in response to (1) selection on postponed reproduction and/or (2) resistance to developmental undernutrition. We have sequenced the genomes of these lines and identified natural alleles that may underlie variation in lifespan and now plan to (1) compare our genome data to datasets of other long-lived Drosophila lines to identify the most promising candidate genes/alleles for functional testing. (2) I will characterize fat metabolism in the EE lines to investigate the correlation between fat metabolism and aging. (3) I will use the powerful and innovative combination of transgenic RNAi and a 'synthetic recombinant inbred population' approach to test if and how my candidate genes/alleles have an effect on lifespan and fat metabolism. I expect that my results, which may reveal natural alleles that affect aging and how metabolism is involved in this process, will provide a significant contribution to the field of aging research. This is relevant to both science and society, and may provide important stepping-stones toward the improvement of human health.

Mots clés : experimental evolution, drosophila melanogaster, fat metabolism, nutrition, reproduction

Participants :
- University of Lausanne (Suisse) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 187419.6 €
Projet MathInParis (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : MSCA other
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Request for financial support to cover the additional costs that research/staff members with disabilities face due to the increased costs of their mobility and/or to ensure necessary assistance by third persons or to adapt their work environment.

Mots clés : mathematics, applied mathematics, interactions, theoretical computer science

Participants :
- Fondation sciences mathématiques de Paris (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 15000.0 €
Projet HeritageCa (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : MSCA other
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Request of financial support to cover the additional costs that researchers/staff members with disabilities face due to the increased costs of their mobility and/or to ensure necessary assistance by third persons or for adapting their work environment.

Mots clés : heritage, health, wellbeing, museum objects, object handling, therapeutic intervention, cancer

Participants :
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 8306.0 €
Projet XYL-SPIT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Research on sustainable containment strategies of diseases caused by the vector-borne bacterium Xylella fastidiosa is hampered by the lack of knowledge on key elements of vector-host-bacterium intimate interaction. Moreover, available data on this three-way relationship come from studies carried out with sharpshooters, the main American bacterial vectors. On the other side, nothing is known on the insect family who likely plays the major role in bacterium epidemiology in Europe, i.e. spittlebugs, to which Philaenus spumarius, the main vector of X. fastidiosa to olive in South Italy, belongs to. The main objective of this project is to thoroughly characterize P. spumarius-X. fastidiosa relationship and transmission dynamics through a multidisciplinary approach, combining real-time tracking of insect probing behavior, classical transmission tests and microscopy. First, we are going to characterize the spittlebug acquisition/inoculation behaviors of the bacterium on different host plant/bacterium strain combinations. Once these behaviors have been characterized, we will determine the sites within spittlebug foregut where bacterial cells are retained suddenly after acquisition, and from where the cells are detached and delivered to the host plant during inoculation. Finally, we will focus on P. spumarius behavior on, and X. fastidiosa transmission dynamic to, olive varieties found to be tolerant to the bacterium. The results of the present project will represent an essential step toward the set-up of a sustainable bacterium-mediated diseases containment strategy. This fellowship represents a unique opportunity for the applicant. The experience gained from this three-year multidisciplinary project will make Daniele Cornara a serious candidate for an academic position throughout Europe, beside an important resource for Europe considering the threat posed by the relentless spread of X. fastidiosa throughout the Continent.

Mots clés : spittlebug, bacterium, olive, sustainable control

Participants :
- University of California System (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Spanish National Research Council (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 245732.16 €
Projet FF16_17 (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : European Researchers' Night
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Researchers' Night in Sweden, known as ForskarFredag (Researchers’ Friday), FF, will unite events in 32 cities respectively, in 2016 and 2017. The project will bring the general public, with a special focus on pupils aged 12–19, face-to-face with researchers through fun, festive and hands-on activities, all free of charge, on 30 Sep 2016 and 29 Sep 2017. By reaching out to all corners of Sweden, people will discover local research in a national and international context. The non-profit association Vetenskap & Allmänhet, VA (Public & Science) has coordinated FF annually since 2006, and FF16_17 builds on the success of previous years, drawing on experience, contacts and the ever-increasing national profile. Event programmes will be planned and executed by local subcontractors in centrally located venues and brought together under the national FF umbrella by VA. Subcontractors are universities, science centres, municipalities, museums, an educational centre, a local foundation and a county council. Each local event is organised in a way to give the highest impact in the local community, building on local strengths and using local networks. VA is responsible for the quality, framework, national identity and national awareness campaign. Annual themes – the Nobel Prize in 2016 and Image of a Researcher in 2017 – will inspire innovative local activities with the researcher in focus. The Researchers’ Grand Prix is a high-profile communications contest and other common activities include Borrow-a-Researcher for schools and organisations and Science Cafés and After Works, where visitors and researchers discuss topical issues in public libraries, cafés and bars. Two annual mass experiments, inviting pupils to work together with researchers, as well as a Draw-a-Researcher contest 2017 will be conducted nationally as part of the awareness campaign. FF will be highlighted in mass media as a European event, emphasising that researchers are ordinary people with extraordinary jobs.

Mots clés : science communication, public engagement, people recognition, promotion of sciene careers, research, science, local industry, festive, science festival, hands on activities, general public

Participants :
- Public and Science (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Autres, subvention : 160000.0 €
Projet NLRs (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Resistance (R) loci with nucleotide binding/leucine rich repeat (NB-LRR or NLR) domains have been identified as the major causal genes for hybrid necrosis, which presents an extreme example of the trade-off between plant growth and the activation of immune system. This is an exciting finding both for plant breeders and plant pathologists. However, how these NLR proteins or even the whole NLR family lead to hybrid necrosis, how they contribute to fitness under natural conditions, and how this is reflected in their extreme sequence variation remain largely unknown. In this proposal, I plan to exhaustively explore their function by systematically knocking out the NLR loci from genome of different Arabidopsis accessions using genome editing, and testing their fitness performance in the natural habitat. I will also reveal the cellular and biochemical mechanisms by which NLR proteins inappropriately interact with other cellular proteins to cause hybrid necrosis and compare the hybrid necrosis activity with pathogen induced immunity.

Mots clés : hybrid necrosis, nb lrr r protein, arabidopsis thaliana, epistasis, autoimmunity

Participants :
- Max Planck Society (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 159460.8 €
Projet Ind-Soc-Bel-Net (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Resistant beliefs inconsistent with scientific knowledge can pose societal threats. To provide a deeper understanding how resistant beliefs form and can be changed, I integrate research on individual belief networks (i.e., how beliefs are connected within individuals) with research on social belief networks (i.e., how beliefs are connected between individuals). The resulting joint framework implies that belief resistance is largely determined by the network structure of beliefs – beliefs highly connected to other beliefs on the individual and social level are the most resistant to change. In three subprojects, I will investigate belief resistance using a broad range of methods. Subproject 1 will involve the development of a formal model integrating individual and social level research on belief dynamics. Subproject 2 will involve a longitudinal study to investigate how individual and social networks of beliefs interact. Subproject 3 will consist of four experimental studies testing interventions to lower belief resistance. The interdisciplinary nature of the project will provide important theoretical advancements for different research fields focusing on belief dynamics. Ultimately, my project will contribute to interventions tackling societally detrimental beliefs. During the three-year fellowship, I will receive training in complex systems theory and training in conducting complex longitudinal and experimental studies. In addition to conducting the subprojects, deliverables will include three scientific articles, presentations at five conferences, and several events for communicating my research to a broader audience. The fellowship will (1) provide me with ample networking opportunities, (2) train me in transferable skills, such as improved grant writing skills, and (3) allow me to further sharpen my profile as an independent researcher with a unique skill set. As a result, the fellowship will significantly improve my future employability.

Mots clés : belief resistance, belief dynamics, individual networks, social networks, network structure

Participants :
- University of Amsterdam (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 253052.16 €
- Santa Fe Institute (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Autres, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet RACe (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Rice is the staple food worldwide. Unfortunately, global rice yield is already falling behind population growth. One of the reasons for this is the presence of toxic arsenic (As) in many South(-East) Asian paddy soils, which is known to decrease rice growth and productivity. The current change in Earth’s climate is known to cause land loss due to desertification and inundation and lower (rice) crop yields, thus, threatening the global food security. According to the highest emission scenario for greenhouse gases presented in the 5th assessment report of the IPCC, global annual temperatures could rise by more than 5°C by the year 2100. How increased temperatures and CO2 concentrations affect As uptake into rice and ultimately the quality and production of rice is unknown and the main research question of this proposal. Rice will be grown in fully controlled growth chambers with elevated temperature and partial pressure of CO2, simulating the cli-mate of the year 2100. Besides determining changes in rice growth and grain yield, the amount of organic and inorganic As in the grain will be determined to assess rice quality. Furthermore, the biogeochemical pro-cesses occurring in the soil and atmosphere during climate change will be investigated and thus, will allow to understand the observed changes in rice yield and quality due to climate change. The amount and speciation of As will be quantified in the soil, plant, and atmosphere. Changes in microbial community abundance and richness will be assessed with modern pyrosequencing techniques. Functional microbial guilds of interest (iron and arsenic metabolizing bacteria) will be assessed by qPCR, pyrosequencing, and clone libraries. Overall, the knowledge obtained within the MSC-GF action on the impact of climate change on As uptake by rice will allow a better risk assessment for productivity of rice in the future and may give ideas for how to prevent a loss in rice yield and quality in a strongly climate impacted future.

Mots clés : rice, arsenic, climate change, molecular microbiology, element cycling

Participants :
- Stanford University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of Tübingen (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 239860.8 €
Projet USIFlux (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Rising atmospheric CO2 concentration, increasing temperature and altered precipitation patterns dramatically impact the terrestrial biosphere with important consequences for all biogeochemical cycles. Predictions of carbon (C) and water exchange between vegetation and the atmosphere require detailed mechanistic understanding of how plants control water loss and C gain through their stomatal pores. Currently, global circulation models incorporate formulations of stomatal conductance (gs) based on stomatal optimisation theory. However, these models ignore gs regulation: (1) during night time, despite clear evidence for significant nocturnal transpiration, (2) in non-vascular plants and (3) during leaf development and senescence. To reduce the uncertainty associated with current C and water fluxes in models, we need to incorporate robust predictions of gs in response to novel environmental conditions (higher temperature, decreased water availability and elevated CO2). To fill these gaps, USIFlux, will develop a novel tracing technique to measure gs during the dark, when fluxes are an order of magnitude smaller than during the day. To do so, we will combine measurements of COS (carbonyl sulphide) uptake with CO18O fluxes and changes in the oxygen isotope composition (δ18O) of water in leaves. We will relate the response of gs at night to changes in gs during the day and in response to drought and elevated CO2. These measurements will be coupled to an experiment to investigate stomatal regulation during leaf ontogeny and in different life forms. Here, we will challenge the stomatal optimisation theory in life forms lacking active stomatal control (mosses and brackens) and during leaf development, when leaf construction costs constrain the optimisation of C gain. Empirical formulations arising from these experiments will be incorporated into large-scale soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer models to explore their impact at larger scales.

Mots clés : stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, oxygen isotopes, drought

Participants :
- Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 173076.0 €
Projet PERCINEQ (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Rising levels of inequality has become a key political, economic and social issue in recent years. Nevertheless, many studies show that individuals are much more likely to be influenced by subjective rather than objective inequality. For such reason, perceived inequality is becoming an increasingly popular topic among scholars and non-academic experts. Despite the growing number of studies, little is still known about what perceived inequality is exactly and how it can properly measured given that it is a contested, multidimensional and unobservable concept (1 research objective). Moreover, it is still not clear why people wrongly assess it and which are the consequences of such misperception (2 research objective). The first research objective aims at contributing to a general theory of perceived inequality defining perceptions within models of human behaviors through an interdisciplinary review of the literature. Moreover, improved measures of perceived inequality will be elaborated applying cluster analysis to multiple indicators. The second objective of the research focuses on the identification of the main causal mechanisms driving inequality misperceptions (limited rationality or emotional innumeracy) and its consequences in our society. Such objective is pursed through the creation of an original questionnaire and the implementation of a survey experiment for the collection of new data. Doing so, the simultaneous test of the two causal mechanisms can be implemented for the first time in the literature of perceptions of inequality. The survey will also allow to explore the political and economic consequences of misperceiving inequality. When considering political consequences, the research focuses on political unrest and populist voting (e.g., Brexit, Trump, Lega Nord in Italy); while for economic consequences, it focuses on preferences for redistribution. Important policy implications for our knowledge-based society are expected from PERCINEQ.

Mots clés : inequality, perceptions, preference for redistribution, political behavoiurs

Participants :
- Autonomous University of Barcelona (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 160932.48 €