Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet BRIDGE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The project aims to bridge the so-called gap of five centuries in Cypriot archaeology (mid 7th-12th centuries AD), and develop a methodology that can be used to bridge similar gaps in the eastern Mediterranean. The argument is that the gap in the archaeological and historical record of Cyprus, which spans the centuries between the end of Roman control over the island and its annexation to the Crusader Levant, can be made visible through the hand-made utilitarian pottery that appeared at the beginning of the period. Furthermore, that this corpus can be used to identify settlement patterns and highlight socio-economic processes through the period, in particular the disintegration and recovery of local and regional production and distribution systems. Finally, that the same methodology can be applied to other areas and periods. Gap periods in the archaeological record exist through the eastern Mediterranean. Often they have the same material-culture fingerprint, as centralised workshops disintegrate, and mass-production of pottery on the fast wheel is replaced by hand-made manufacture, which begins a new path of development. The key role of hand-made pottery — often the only material culture that is found in survey projects and even excavations — has been acknowledged in a few seminal papers over the last two decades, but the challenge of turning it into a research tool has not been taken, and the common notion is still that hand-made pottery represents non-specialised manufacture, shows no coherent development, and consequently cannot be used as interpretational tool. The project therefore has three objectives: one particular—to bridge the five-centuries gap in Cypriot archaeology; and two that will impact on the discipline as a whole—to demonstrate the validity of a craft-specialisation model for handmade pottery; and to establish a methodology for studying gap periods in societies with heavy reliance on pottery.

Mots clés : byzantine cyprus, methodology, material culture, cultural identity, pottery in archaeology, production mode, ethnoarchaeology, landscape and settlement

Participants :
- University of Copenhagen (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 200194.8 €
Projet MoonDiff (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The project aims to investigate one of the fundamental events in the early evolution of the solar system; the timing of the formation and initial differentiation of the Moon, by combining isotopic analyses of lunar samples with new experimental constraints on the partitioning behaviour of key radiogenic parent-daughter elements. Previous isotope analyses of lunar samples provided model ages interpreted to represent key processes in the Moon’s early geologic evolution, although these interpretations remain speculative and are often conflicting. In particular, recent work by the experienced researcher (ER) has provided new insight into the Pb isotope systematics of lunar rocks and the framework for a model of magmatic evolution in the Moon, but uncertainties associated with the partitioning behaviour of U and Pb, severely hinder data interpretations. Hence, the ER will perform a series of experiments replicating the temperature and pressure conditions during lunar core formation and in the hypothesised Lunar Magma Ocean (LMO). These experiments will be performed in the Vrije Universiteit high-pressure laboratory (Work Package (WP) 1), building on their recent studies. Experimental run products will be subjected to comprehensive analysis (WP 2); e.g. scanning electron microscope imaging to characterise phase assemblages while major, minor and trace element concentrations will be determined using electron microprobe and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in order to determine partition coefficients. These partition coefficients will then be incorporated into new models of lunar differentiation and LMO crystallisation (WP 3). Finally, the ER plans to test these models with secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) measurements of Pb isotope systematics in a range of lunar basalts collected during the Apollo missions and lunar meteorites (WP 4).


Participants :
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 165598.8 €
Projet EGeoCC (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The project aims to study the relation between ethnic geography (i.e., the spatial distribution of ethnic groups on a country's territory) and the risk of civil conflict. One core objective of the project is the development of a theoretical model that identifies the features of ethnic geography which are relevant for civil conflict. The predictions of this model should lead to the definition of a novel measure of ethnic geography based on spatial and ethnolinguistic distances which is expected to be empirically linked to the occurrence of civil conflict. By enhancing our understanding of the relation between the spatial distribution of ethnic groups and the risk of outbreaks of violence between them, the project aims at providing broad policy guidance for the management of civil conflicts depending on the specific features of a country's ethnic geography.

Mots clés : ethnic conflict, ethnic segregation

Participants :
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 224933.76 €
Projet COMCON (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The project aims to uncover case studies and connections that shed light on how European identities were constructed in the early modern period. It focuses on visual and narrative paradigms/patterns—in paintings and prints—devised in Catholic and Iberian contexts between the 16th and 17th centuries and used to advance key community ideals, such as cohesion, enthusiasm and concord. In order to explore how iconographic themes and historical contexts express community bonds and values, it also deeply examines patronage, cultural networks and social groups—confraternities, religious orders and political authorities—represented in the works of art. In the process, it interrogates how the power of images served to codify emotions. It focuses on images of the triumphant and merciful church, ideal to create consensus and affiliation with the Iberian imperial and Catholic canons. It furthermore studies how these visual paradigms were transferred outside Europe, particularly in the Iberian Americas. By analysing how artistic (and social) patterns were applied and re-elaborated in new transnational contexts, the project will make a significant contribution to scholarship on how European imagery was selected and projected around the world to promote a particular idea of “emotional community”, initially as part of Rome's response to the Protestant Reformation and later as a strategy to gain new believers and subjects in New Spain. It will also explore how a normative and strategic representation of the emotions was employed—and is still used in some cases—in the politics of evangelization to shape, transmit and dictate ideal social characteristics of communities.

Mots clés : connections between early modern european art histories, history of emotions, print culture, belonging, identities, community spirit

Participants :
- Newberry Library (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Recherche, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of Bologna (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 251002.56 €
Projet ChoreoCare (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The project assumes the “vulnerability paradigm” as a theoretical framework that enables an innovative understanding of collective social, political, health-related, and economic phenomena, including the protests against structural racism that have been organized inside and outside the United States after George Floyd’s death on May 25th. ChoreoCare aims to shape a new ethical approach by framing an argument in favour of it situated in political theory. The argument is that, if a collectivity recognizes vulnerability as a condition that all individuals embody, although each one in a different way and with different resources, it will also promote practices of care as a necessarily shared task. I have coined the notion of “choreographies of care”, which identifies the public and concerted mode of acting together performed by subjects who recognize their own and the others’ social embeddedness, embodied vulnerabilities, and mutual dependencies. ChoreoCare adds to feminist theorists who have remarked the importance of how a bodily political performance is narrated and acted out in public discourse, insisting on the urgency of counter-narratives. It takes into consideration the aesthetics of different collective efforts in the name of care. I have selected several scenes in which vulnerability is exhibited and, I claim, a collective demand for care is in place. I will compare and connect the political discourse related to feminist collective actions, ranging from the feminist strikes organized in Argentina and Mexico in March 2020 with the aim to protest violence against women, to the “Wall of Moms”, a public demonstration that took place in Portland, Oregon in July 2020 in support of the Black Lives Matter protests. We can find examples of this kind of collective performances also in the ancient Greek theatre. I will dedicate a specific portion of this research to my own interpretation of Sophocles’ Antigone, which is a staple in feminist theory.

Mots clés : feminist theory, vulnerability, public ethics of care, political discourse, body, choreography, arendt, political movements

Participants :
- DePaul University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of Verona (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 251002.56 €
Projet EUEaPRU (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The project attempts to test the potential of prospect theory in explaining the strategic choices of countries located in the common neighbourhood between the European Union (EU) and Russia. Under what conditions ruling elites in Eastern Partnership (EaP) countries select EU or Eurasian Economic Union (EaEU) as integration projects? The theoretical expectation is that different values of gains and losses, judged against a given "reference point", are associated with one or another integration project and may be at work in the selection of strategic choices of EaP countries. Prospect theory, a Nobel Prize-winning theoretical construct, has roots in cognitive psychology, but it has uncovered its extraordinary potential to explain decisions under conditions of uncertainly and risk in behavioural economics. The attempts of importing the insights of prospect theory into political science are slowly growing, but there is yet a long way ahead until political science will fully integrate them into its ontological agenda. The proposed project is going to be a pioneering application of prospect theory to the strategic alternatives faced by countries located in the common neighbourhood between the EU and Russia.

Mots clés : eastern partnership, strategic choices, russia, prospect theory

Participants :
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet MOCT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Mathematics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The project contextually sets up a novel framework to study the spectral-theoretical properties of classes of non-selfadjoint (NSA) operators related to Markov processes (MP) via their intertwining to a continuous path selfadjoint (SA) MP. Conceptually, this means that the jumps of each class of NSA MP can be considered a perturbation of one SA MP realized by an intertwining kernel. This approach can have far-reaching consequences for understanding classes of MP as the reduction to SA MP leads to well-studied objects whereas the spectral theory of NSA operators is far from understood. The price of that is the non-invertability of the intertwining kernels. This framework is explored and crystallized by a challenging, detailed spectral-theoretical study of an enormous class of NSA operators directly arising from the key phenomenon of self-similarity and in duality from branching. This is achieved by a synergy of research fields complementing each other to obtain the spectral properties of those operators culminating in the derivation of spectral expansions of the generated semigroups. As a result of this synergy, a number of tools and techniques with impact, including applications to fields beyond the scope of the project, are derived. A particular development in the area of recurrent equations and special functions will be unexpectedly exploited to the effect of a comprehensive theoretical and applied study, including numerical schemes, of key quantities in financial and insurance mathematics such as Asian options and perpetuities. A training-through-research in line with the fellow’s affiliation to the host institution and the proposed secondment will critically contribute to the optimal completion of the proposal in terms of time, scope and quality.

Mots clés : probability theory, markov processes, branching processes, spectral theory, spectral expansions, exponential functionals, asian options, perpetuities

Participants :
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (Bulgarie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 128994.0 €
Projet USPAIN (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The project entitled “Suffering America: Writing Pain in Nineteenth-Century United States Literature” (USPAIN) aims to analyze the experience of physical pain and psychological suffering as it is represented in American literary texts across the nineteenth-century. Although pain and suffering are often reputed to be inexpressible through language, as Virginia Woolf and others in her wake argued, this project will show how literary writing offers a discursive space for their articulation and for their inscription as cultural and historical sensations and affects. Using close readings of works by Ralph Waldo Emerson, Herman Melville, Emily Dickinson, Henry and Alice James among others, Dr. Constantinesco will study various forms of pain and suffering, from labor injuries and war wounds to nervous disorders, feminine hysteria, psychological trauma, and grief, with a view to uncover how American literature engaged with the nation’s changing culture of pain in the 19th century. Between 1830 and the turn of the 20th century, the inaugural promise of an unalienable right to the pursuit of happiness quickly receded in the face of the suffering of black slaves and of the violent extermination of Indian populations, and the United States emerged from the Civil War as a “republic of suffering” whose agonies extended well beyond the end of Reconstruction. The social meaning of pain similarly transformed, as Christian narratives of redemption through suffering gave way to a more modern sensibility grounded in the avoidance of pain and strengthened by medical progress and legal advances, such as the invention of general anesthesia or tort law jurisprudence, even as sympathy continued to function as a privileged mode of national affiliation. Dr. Constantinesco will demonstrate how 19th-century American literature simultaneously reflects and unsettles these developments to configure pain as a critical locus where individual and collective identifications coalesce and come apart.

Mots clés : american literature, medical humanities

Participants :
- University of Oxford (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet TEACHPOL (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The project intends to explore the speculative, historical, and political functions assumed by William of Peter Godin’s Lectura thomasina in the assimilation and teaching of Thomas Aquinas’ doctrines after the series of condemnations, censures, and corrections promulgated by some political authorities between the end of the 13th and the beginning of the 14th century. The text, still unpublished and preserved in fifteen manuscripts, does not represent a mere collection of Thomas’ dicta, but rather a sort of authorized handbook for students, which frequently replaced the direct lecture of Aquinas’ texts. In line with the educational policies, but true to Thomas’ intentions, the Lectura thomasina is an outstanding multidisciplinary document: it harmonizes speculative contents from Thomas Aquinas’ texts with political pressures and religious convinctions. Through a comprehensive analysis of the work, a transcription of some selected passages, in which William’s reworking of censured Thomistic doctrines emerges, and, for the first time, the critical edition of a significant section of the text (Book II – distinctions I-XXII), the research will focus on the Lectura thomasina as a case study that typifies the process of assimilation and transmission of groundbreaking ideas in a specific intellectual context, when it is subjected to political or religious restrictions. Then, the text will be a gateway to access a wider investigation on the contrasts between freedom of teaching and educational policy, recurring in many other cases in European intellectual history, and it will convert a specialists’ discussion on a medieval problem into a far-reaching intellectual challenge.

Mots clés : teaching, learning, transmission of knowledge, freedom, political pressures, religious convictions, censures, condemnations, thomas aquinas, william of peter godin

Participants :
- University of Cologne (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 171460.8 €
Projet WhIsE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The project investigates how Islam provides a new framework of ethical norms and religious practices for a number of Europeans who are dissatisfied with the social role occupied by the Christian Churches and who express their concerns about the continuous secularisation and cultural liberalisation of their societies. Contrary to prominent Islamic thinkers in Europe who aim to reconcile the Islamic doctrine with liberal values, these Europeans embrace Islam precisely for its supposed opposition to the current norms of modern Western societies. The study seeks to understand how certain groups among European converts to Islam refer to this religion for expressing critique of economic and cultural liberalism. The project will focus on the ideas developed by members of the Murabitun World Movement (MWM) in the period between the 1970s-2000s. Specifically, the project will investigate works produced by MWM branches in Germany and Russia, for there had been different readings of what this conservative European Islam was supposed to entail. WP1 encompasses a collection of data related to the activities and publications of the MWM members. WP2 includes fieldwork in Europe that centres around interviews with MWM affiliates. The outcomes of these two phases include a database suitable for future research inquiries, as well as a visualised network that enables understanding the scope of the MWM activities. WP4-5 centres around disseminating research results across the scientific community, as well as outreach activities that target policymakers and the broader public. WP6 deliverables place emphasis on deepening PI’s research skills and extending the collaboration networks.

Mots clés : far right, islam, white supremacy, russia, germany, conversion, malikism, world murabitun movement, critical discourse analysis

Participants :
- George Washington University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of Amsterdam (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 271052.16 €
Projet ACTING-NOW (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : TERMINATED

The project is about the security of networks, and how to select the best containing actions to perform when a network is threatened. Network security is a major concern for Europe in the guise of at least three threats: attacks on computer networks and related infrastructure; diseases spreading in networks consisting of people, livestock, crops or wildlife; and the spread of fires in forests or buildings. The project brings together an experienced researcher with a successful track record in “the firefighter problem” (which models the general network security problem), a supervisor with complementary expertise and world-leading research record in multi-objective optimization, a host organization with expertise and leading research groups in (i) Security, (ii) Randomized, heuristic optimization (from theory to industrial exploitation) and (iii) Human-Computer Interaction. Two non-academic secondment partners strengthen this team still further, bringing in industry-scale optimization experience (Noesis Solutions), and a long track record of advising for fire safety to major infrastructure projects including to the military (Lee Anderson). The experienced researcher will use the training and mobility afforded by this complementary partnership to further the impact of his research on European security, benefit from skills training in industrial exploitation and on offering policy advice, and learn a range of additional academic and non-academic skills from participating in the training of young researchers. Scientific results of the project include new, effective computational methods achieving better results in practical applications mentioned above. Theoretical understanding of spreading emergencies in graphs will be useful in fundamental research in other fields, for example, in medicine in research aimed at utilizing the knowledge about contacts in the population for understanding how disease traits (such as the transmission rate and the infectious period) evolve.

Mots clés : metaheuristics, graph based problem, multiobjective optimization, dynamic optimization, firefighter problem

Participants :
- University of Birmingham (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €