Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet INRES (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Preventing and responding to domestic gender-based violence is a socio-cultural and political stake. Various public policies, including development ones, address this subject but if we consider their implementations several discrepancies, gaps and contradictions emerge. Focusing on Senegal, INRES is aimed at exploring the socio-cultural dynamics on which this phenomenon is grounded by sizing: a) the different representations of gender-based violence and of injustice in men’s behaviours towards women that circulate among pertinent distinct social actors (i.e. state officers, lawyers, NGOs personnel, women and, in a broader sense, citizens); b) how legal procedures and guidelines are effectively implemented in this domain, considering the practical norms that are deployed in divergence of official ones; c) which uninstitutionalised patterns of handling domestic gender-based violence are spread in the social arenas and the meanings that legitimate them. From a theoretical point of view INRES proposes an approach that combines in a seminal fashion different research fields of anthropology (of development and public polices, of law and of gender and kinship), integrating social history and gender studies and being committed with the purposes of a public anthropology.

Mots clés : anthropology, public policies, west africa, gender based violence, anthropology of development

Participants :
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 173076.0 €
Projet Evolution (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Previous studies on extinct Pleistocene megafauna attempted to decipher species’ responses to environmental change through genetic studies and palaeodietary reconstruction. However, none of these studies addressed the issue whether changes in palaeoecology represent evolutionary processes or are instead a result of environmentally induced plasticity. The present research project proposes novel ways of addressing the aforementioned question through an interdisciplinary approach including palaeogenomics, ancient epigenomics and palaeoecology. The project will focus on a case study of cave bear populations in the Romanian Carpathians, a key region of their distribution prior extinction showing the most dramatic dietary differentiation among cave bears across their entire geographical range. We will explore the response of Late Pleistocene cave bear populations to environmental heterogeneity, and determine the genetic and epigenetic processes that led to these differences in Romanian cave bears. To achieve this, we will carry out next-generation sequencing of cave bears from different time-related populations with various dietary patterns. This dataset will constitute the most complete cave bear genome dataset ever analysed, allowing us to gain an unprecedented understanding of cave bear evolutionary history and moving forward the field of evolutionary epigenomics. This project will provide new research avenues that the experienced researcher will be able to exploit in order to reach and reinforce a position of professional maturity and independence. The experienced researcher will also be trained in cutting edge scientific techniques and analyses, as well as a number of skills that are transferable between countries and sectors (including management, grant writing, communication and teaching), and that will facilitate her development into a research leader.

Mots clés : ancient dna, population genomics, epigenomics, palaeoecology, evolutionary biology, cave bears

Participants :
- Swedish Museum of Natural History (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 203852.16 €
Projet BIOAAT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Primary biological aerosols particles (PBAP) are emitted from the land and marine surfaces into the atmosphere, where they were found to be abundant. The PBAP are of high importance because of their potential involvement on ice-nucleation (IN) and precipitation formation processes, with potential implications on the climate. Older studies showed that the total concentration of PBAP is smaller than other types of ice-nucleation particles, e.g. dust, while recent studies showed that the reported concentrations of PBAP are highly underestimated, thus, their IN activity and climatic impacts have large uncertainty. According to the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the PBAP-cloud interactions, as a part of aerosol-cloud interactions, are still the least understood factor in our current understanding of climate change. In addition, combating climate change and its impacts is one of the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. Therefore, it’s crucial to carry out further investigations on the emissions of PBAP and their consequent atmospheric microphysical processes and climatic impacts and feedbacks, which is the main objective of BIOAAT. The BIOAAT aims to: (i) deliver more realistic prediction of the emission flux and dispersion of PBAP; considering all ecosystems and meteorological conditions that lead to high variation in quantifying their concentrations, distributions, and emission fluxes, (ii) close the gap between observations and modelling studies on the impact of different types of PBAP on cloud ice and precipitation formation, and contribute to reducing the uncertainty of aerosol-cloud interactions, and (iii) ultimately delivers open-source models that describe the emission flux and ice nucleation rates of PBAP that can easily be implemented in different types of atmospheric models including climate models to better estimate past, present and future climate and environmental impacts of PBAP.

Mots clés : aerosol cloud climate interactions, ice nucleation, biological aerosol, climate impacts, cloud micro physical processes

Participants :
- Aarhus University (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 219312.0 €
Projet Prionomics (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative diseases and are caused by proteinaceous infectious particles termed prions. The infectious agent of prion diseases has been identified decades ago, but the actual cellular processes that subsequently cause neurons to degenerate remain poorly understood. I propose the systematic analysis of molecular changes in various organs from prion-infected mice. I will profile translation rates and mRNA abundance on a genome-wide scale via ribosome profiling and RNA sequencing, respectively. This will allow me to identify molecular changes during prion disease progression and to decipher the relative contributions of differential transcriptional and translational regulation to them. By relating these changes to prion titers and clinical symptoms I will establish correlations between molecular changes and disease progression. This will identify single genes as well as gene networks that are linked to disease pathology. The analysis of various organs at multiple time points following prion inoculation will enable me to dissect the dynamics of disease progression and the role and interplay of the different organs in pathophysiology. I will further study the causal role of identified candidate genes in prion pathology. To this end, I will investigate the effect of their knock-down and knock-out on prion clearance, replication and toxicity, using a previously established fully automated digital prion infectivity assay. This approach will identify a comprehensive list of genes that are differentially regulated during prion disease progression and that are important for different aspects of prion pathogenesis. This will not only help to better understand the manifestation of prion disease and other neurodegenerative diseases but also provide potential starting points for the development of targeted therapeutic interventions.

Mots clés : prion disease, rna regulation, ribosome profiling, mrna sequencing, molecular changes in neurodenerative diseases

Participants :
- University of Zurich (Suisse) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 175419.6 €
Projet CARDI-ACHE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Problem: Exercise training represents an attractive and low-cost strategy to improve cardiovascular health. Recent studies, however, report novel evidence that endurance exercise can lead to potentially detrimental cardiac maladaptations. First, acute exercise-induced elevations in cardiac troponin (cTn) levels have been found, which typically reflect myocardial (micro-)damage and are predictive of future cardiovascular events and mortality. Secondly, myocardial fibrosis has been reported in 12–50% of individuals engaged in lifelong exercise training, reflecting scarring of cardiac tissue that is typically found in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). These cardiac maladaptations are highly unexpected and largely unexplained in apparently healthy individuals. CARDI-ACHE: Based on the latest scientific insights, the overall aim of this proposal is to elucidate the clinical importance of exercise-induced cTn elevations and myocardial fibrosis in endurance athletes. Better understanding of the clinical relevance of these adaptations is important to differentiate between the beneficial and the potentially harmful effects of exercise. Accordingly, I will study the following scientifically and clinically relevant questions: I. What is the prognostic value of exercise-induced cTn elevations? II. What are the functional consequences of myocardial fibrosis and are these mediated by lifelong physical activity? III. Do exercise-induced cTn elevations contribute to the development of myocardial fibrosis? Relevance for science & candidate. With this project, I will use the most technologically advanced approaches and tools to understand the clinical relevance of potential cardiac maladaptations to exercise training. The studies are performed in a world-renowned research group which allows me to expand my expertise in exercise cardiology using state-of-the-art facilities.

Mots clés : troponin, myocardial fibrosis, cardiac structure, cardiac function, exercise, athletes, physical activity

Participants :
- Liverpool John Moores University (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet INVPROD (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Productivity growth is key to wealth and high living standards. For many years, Europe’s productivity growth has been declining and since 2005, falls below 1 percent. A possible way to raise productivity is to increase investments in intangible (knowledge based) assets such as workforce skills and Research and Development (R&D). To design policy measures that will effectively facilitate these investments and boost productivity growth, it is essential to understand the firms’ decision-making process in R&D and worker skills investments. In this project, I address the questions (1) What are the incentives each firm faces when making investment decisions in R&D and worker skills improvement? (2) What is the optimal level of investment for each firm? Moreover, what are the implications of these investments for the firms' longrun productivity development? I propose to develop and estimate a dynamic model of firm investment decision in R&D and worker skills improvement in the service industries. The estimation results will shed lights on firms’ investment incentives by quantifying the firm-specific longrun returns and costs to these investments. The estimated model predicts firm-specific responses to changes in their economic environment, therefore allows for ex-ante policy evaluation that aims at fostering productivity growth. In answering the questions raised, the project contributes to the knowledge on productivity and firm investments by providing insights on the (i) multidimensional productivity development in the service industries, (ii) complementarity between different intangible assets such as R&D and worker skills, and (iii) firm decision-making process.

Mots clés : dynamic investment, randd, employee training, service, productivity

Participants :
- Maastricht University (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 187572.48 €
Projet SWEET-PI (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Progress in chemical synthesis has provided access to a large variety of complex glycostructures, having a major impact in the expansion of Glycoscience. Central to carbohydrate chemistry is the glycosidation reaction, which involves the formation of a glycosidic bond between donor and acceptor molecules. It is commonly accepted that this process requires the formation of transient ionic species, whose stability, conformational properties and interactions determine to a large extend the reaction outcome. In principle, these elusive species are stabilized by means of inter- and intramolecular interactions, and in fact, this is a key feature for the activity of glycosidases and glycosyltransferases, typically requiring the participation of electron-rich functional groups, such as carboxylates. Interestingly, aromatic/carbohydrate interactions have too been detected and evaluated as supramolecular recognition motifs but, to the best of our knowledge, never at the reaction intermediate level, despite being frequently invoked to play a major role during enzymatic catalysis. Our hypothesis in this project revolves around the idea that stacking interactions involving electron-rich aromatic systems can be employed to stabilize the glycosyl oxocarbenium ion and to enhance the glycosyl acceptor reactivity; in the first case, these contacts might increase the life-time of the cationic intermediates, facilitating their detection and potentially allowing the modulation of the glycosidic donor in order to better control the stereochemical course of the reaction. Alternatively, CH/pi complexes involving the glycosyl acceptor could enhance the electron density of the reactive functional group, thus its nucleophilicity. This project aims to test both aspects of the carbohydrate/aromatic interaction employing a bioorganic approach based on the design, synthesis and systematic analysis of appropriate molecular models.

Mots clés : glycochemistry, glycosidation, ch pi stacking, oxocarbenium ion, reaction intermediate, stereochemical control

Participants :
- Spanish National Research Council (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 172932.48 €
Projet RADCODE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Radiolarians have long been recognized as a ubiquitous group of protistan microzooplankton in the world’s oceans. However, little is known about their biogeographic distributions and ecological interactions. To date, most radiolarian research has focused on their biostratigraphic fossil record, and has rarely attempted to inventory diversity, map species distributions, or determine ecological roles. Recent molecular barcoding has pioneered a more comprehensive and efficient approach to plankton research. Initial results show radiolarians to be among the most diverse and abundant clades in the sunlit ocean, with great impact on the marine food web and carbon cycle. Therefore, it is critical that we gain a better understanding of how radiolarians interact with biotic and abiotic variables, in order to accurately interpret their fossil record and predict responses to climate change. RADCODE will use molecular barcodes to explore the taxonomic diversity of poorly-known assemblages and investigate their environmental distributions and ecological interaction networks. Barcodes of deep-dwelling taxa will be identified from field samples and paired with micropaleontological classifications to develop integrated species concepts. Occurrences will be mapped globally using existing environmental DNA datasets to build the first atlas of morpho-molecular radiolarian taxa. By linking metadata from sample habitats, RADCODE will characterize the main factors impacting modern radiolarian biogeography, informing fossil record interpretation and modeling of future ecosystems. RADCODE is a highly interdisciplinary project that incorporates micropaleontological, biological, ecological, and environmental information, leading to a more unified approach to plankton research. This work will constitute a major step in my career, as I learn new research methods outside my discipline of training, and build a unique skillset that will set me apart among radiolarian workers.

Mots clés : dna barcoding

Participants :
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 184707.84 €
Projet DIGI-BIO-RAIL (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Railway embankments are at the risk of serious deformation caused either by the dynamic loads from moving vehicles, geohazards or both, and as such pose a threat to not only safety, but comfortable rail operations. Given that Europe cannot always be building its way out of ageing railway infrastructure, it must therefore retrofit and complement existing assets with new technologies. Moreover, the ability to predict and repair damaged railway earthwork in a cost-effective and time-efficient manner to ensure a safer, more reliable, efficient, sustainable and resilient railway earthwork infrastructure offers a great value not just to transport network operators but also to utilities, insurance companies and government agencies. Therefore, this fellowship improves the resiliency of railway earthwork infrastructure and mitigates potential economic, life, and property losses resulting from failure to apply a systematic approach. A toolkit and platform to enable the integration of resiliency-improving forecasting will be developed by combining traditional laboratory and field studies, data mining, machine learning, uncertainty quantification and reliability-based design so to utilize the data to its full potential, and an ecofriendly reinforcement control by using biopolymer for railway embankment deformation. This project will address critical gaps remaining in our understanding of the life cycle performance of biopolymer-reinforced railway earthworks related to material synthesis, degradation, repair as well as the interaction with the soil ecosystem through integrated geochemical and geotechnical experiments and numerical modeling.

Mots clés : ground reinforcement, traffic load, engineered building material

Participants :
- University of Warwick (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 337400.64 €
Projet RanMatRanGraCircEl (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Mathematics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Random matrix statistics are a paradigm for the collective behaviour of many strongly correlated random variables. The proposed projects will fundamentally advance our knowledge about random matrices in novel directions. We study spectral properties of random matrices when the matrix size becomes large. More specifically, we establish the universality of the fluctuations of the smallest singular value of almost square random matrices with independent entries. Moreover, we determine the asymptotic eigenvalue density of non-normal random matrices with correlated entries of general expectation and the Brown measure of operator-valued circular elements. We also obtain a central limit theorem for the difference of the linear statistics of a matrix with independent, identically distributed entries and its minor. Furthermore, we analyse the spectra of random graphs. Specifically, a transition in the eigenvalue fluctuations of very sparse Erdos-Renyi graphs, the eigenvector delocalisation of directed Erdos-Renyi graphs as well as the extreme eigenvalues and eigenvectors of preferential attachment graphs. Finally, we investigate a variational problem motivated by wireless communication. The techniques proposed for these projects comprise a variety of tools from analysis (spectral theory, variational methods), probability theory (stochastic differential equations, large deviation bounds) and mathematical physics (self-consistent equations). For the purpose of these projects, the tools mentioned above will be developed further.

Mots clés : eigenvalue, eigenvectors, universal fluctuations, erd s r nyi graphs, non hermitian random matrix

Participants :
- University of Geneva (Suisse) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 178207.68 €
- New York University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet CAREANDWORK (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Rapid demographic ageing in Europe, as highlighted in Horizon 2020 health priorities, makes the challenge of long-term care increasingly pressing. Despite substantial discussions on caregivers in policy making and academic research, a rapidly emerging new group of relatively young male family primary caregivers who often also work are largely understudied and increasingly risk giving up their employment. Inadequate understanding of gendered caregivers jeopardises not only carers but also care receivers, other family members and society as a whole: better outcomes for the elderly are substantially dependent on the well-being of caregivers. For Europe it is relevant and timely to learn from ‘super-aged’ Japan about such gendered carers’ practices, particularly their use of innovative ‘technologised care’ emphasised by Japan’s large-scale welfare programme. Yet, learnings need to be contextualised to reflect European societies, such as France’s highly developed family policies. Hence, this project aims to address the gap in understanding of gendered male family care practices to inform policy development, focusing on the relevance and application in France of practices from Japan. This project will develop an innovative multidisciplinary approach to comparative understanding and policy development: building on the researcher’s anthropological PhD on men and masculinities in family the project develops ‘short-duration fieldwork’ in Paris and Tokyo, which is complemented by capabilities developed through training by hosts Science Po and Oxford in sociology and policy analysis. The project findings will be disseminated to potential users, such as policy makers, academic and non-academic researchers, also by organising an international workshop and to the public through popular media. The research project develops the researcher’s specific capabilities and transferable professional skills that substantially open up new career paths, notably in policy research in Europe.

Mots clés : gender, sociology, ageing, masculinity, social anthropology, well being

Participants :
- Fondation nationale des sciences politiques (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 185076.0 €