Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet EPICAN (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease which is classified into different histological and molecular subgroups presenting different clinical outcomes. Also, the diversity of genetic/epigenetic alterations in cancer cells and their interactions with the microenvironment enhance cell plasticity and result in intra-tumor heterogeneity. While tumor heterogeneity is a major hurdle to anti-cancer therapy, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain ill-defined. The Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, which is hyperactive in more than 70% of breast cancers mostly due to oncogenic activating mutations (PIK3CA-E545K & PIK3CA-H1047R), is a major driver of cell transformation. Using spatio-temporal conditional expression of the mutant PIK3CAH1047R combined with in situ lineage tracing in transgenic mice, recent studies demonstrated that the PIK3CA-H1047R oncogene reprograms lineage-committed mammary epithelial progenitors into a multipotent state, giving rise to heterogeneous mammary tumors. However, the mechanisms by which the PIK3CA-H1047R oncogene reactivates multipotency in breast cancer remain unknown. An increasing number of studies demonstrates that epigenetic regulators participate downstream of PI3K/AKT kinases to regulate the epigenome and contribute to tumor malignancy. Given the importance of epigenetic regulation for cell fate, I hypothesize that the effects of PIK3CA-H1047R signaling on tumor cell plasticity are mediated by epigenetic regulators. Because single inhibition of the PI3K pathway often results in resistance, it is of paramount interest to identify new targets whose inhibition can synergize with PI3K inhibitors to block tumor outgrowth, reduce tumor heterogeneity and prevent resistance. The overarching goal of this proposal is to identify epigenetic regulators downstream of oncogenic activation of the PI3K pathway leading to tumor cell plasticity, and to validate them as new targets in breast cancer.

Mots clés : breast cancer, plasticity, tumor heterogeneity, epigenome, dedifferentiation, epigenetic reprogramming, cell fate

Participants :
- University of Basel (Suisse) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 191149.44 €
Projet SCARtool (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women worldwide. This has motivated the establishment of breast screening (BSPs). X-ray mammography is the current gold standard technique in BSPs for early breast cancer detection. However, this technique suffers from performance limitations due to tissue superposition which can either mimic or obscure malignant pathology. For this reason digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is currently being investigated. DBT consists of a series of projected images of the breast with potential to overcome the aforementioned limitations. However, DBT shows high levels of scattered radiation within the image receptor which can reduce significantly the visibility of breast lesions and the lesion detection performance of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems. CAD systems are frequently used in BSPs to provide useful information to radiologist regarding breast lesion location and characterisation, thus CAD’s performance is critical to achieve acceptable breast cancer diagnosis rates. The aim of this fellowship is to develop a novel tool to reduce scattered radiation directly from clinically acquired DBT projections. These scatter-reduced images will be incorporated, for the first time, into a new DBT CAD system to significantly improve the detection of subtle lesions as microcalcification clusters (MCC). The scatter reduction will be achieved after adapting an existing convolution-based algorithm for synthetic DTB images to work with clinically acquired DBT images. The CAD experience of ViCOROB and the DBT experts’ support from UDIAT guarantee the success of this project as well as the correct transfer of knowledge from the lab to the clinical site. The proposed tool will enable radiologists to detect more accurately breast lesions and therefore reduce the mortality in breast cancer patients. It is also planned to commercialise the output CAD tool to clinical sites through existing medical imaging companies or via a spin-off.

Mots clés : scattered radiation, digital breast tomosynthesis, breast imaging, breast cancer

Participants :
- University of Girona (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 158121.6 €
Projet RESPVR (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Breathing-related manipulations modulate the bodily self-consciousness. Such effects are particularly reliable and robust for breathing agency that is the feeling of controlling the act of breathing. Interestingly, breathing control is very similar to the control of action. This proposal approaches breathing and breathing function in a novel theoretical and experimental framework, providing firm behavioral and neural evidence to link sensorimotor processes of breathing to sensorimotor aspects of bodily self-consciousness, especially breathing agency. The aim of the research proposed here is, first, to scientifically advance our understanding of human respiration by validating a novel paradigm in healthy subjects, by combining the use of virtual reality (VR), online physiology and cutting-edge neuroimaging techniques. Subsequently, such new methods and findings will be applied to patients suffering from Hyperventilation Syndrome (HVS; i.e. abnormal breathing patterns in the absence of an organic respiratory disease) to gain unprecedented insights into HVS underlying mechanisms. This innovative proposal is intrinsically interdisciplinary and will both benefit the host institution as well as advance the fellow’s academic career. Finally, in line with the public health strategies proposed by Europe 2020, the project findings will increase science-based understanding of HVS and will inform the development of future VR-based rehabilitation in respiration disorders.

Mots clés : neuroscience, consciousness, motor control, breathing, agency, exteroception, interoception, virtual reality, neuroimaging, hyperventilation syndrome

Participants :
- Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology (Suisse) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 191149.44 €
Projet Solarfuels (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

By 2020, the European Union aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20-30% and increase renewable energy share to 20%. This scenario has imposed urgent needs to develop fossil fuel alternatives like solar fuels. In order to produce solar fuels, the coupled reduction of CO2 and H2O is one of the most promising processes. However, the generation of efficient, stable and low-cost material for CO2/H2O reduction remains a big challenge. Silicon carbide nanowires (SiC NW) exhibit the unique properties of large surface-to-volume ratio, tuneable transport properties and quantum size effects, which is very promising for the reduction of CO2/H2O to produce solar fuels. To date, the studies on SiC NW for CO2/H2O reduction are limited due to the lack of (1) large-scale production techniques, (2) in situ characterization of the growth mode, and (3) there are no economical devices available for the evaluation of SiC NW. This project, SOLARFUELS, proposes the engineering of SiC NW for solar fuels production through the development of a carbon nanotube template method for large-scale synthesis of SiC NW combing with in situ characterization of SiC NW during growth and post-mortem. Design of an economically viable device is envisaged to exploit the in house generated SiC NWs. By introducing novel multiple sample holders for atmospheric gaseous reaction, the designed device can enable efficient catalyst/reactant contact along the vertically orientation of SiC NW and reduce the cost for the device by at least a half.The SOLARFUELS is built across research areas of materials science, chemistry, chemical and device engineering. It perfectly integrates the Experienced Researcher (ER)’s skills in solar energy application/device development and the Supervisor’s expertise in nanomaterials synthesis/characterization. It will play an important role in advancing ER's career for a permanent position and in addition it will contribute to new approaches to further host's solar fuel research.

Mots clés : silicon carbide, nanowire, solar fuels, carbon dioxide reduction, water splitting

Participants :
- University of Oxford (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet DYNECAT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

By employing the in-situ electrochemical video-rate scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at well-defined single crystal electrodes, we are going to study the surface dynamics of the atoms on Pt(111), Pt(553), Pt(533), Pt(111)-Cu and Cu/Pt(111) surface alloy in the absence and presence of oxygen gas, with the aim to probe and understand the restructuring of Pt and Pt alloy catalyst of the fuel cell cathodes under the operation conditions. Simultaneously, in-situ electrochemical surface Raman spectroscopy will be used to identify the surface species and their interaction with electrodes, using a version employing shell-isolated nanoparticles that is suitable for single-crystal electrodes. On the basis of the observations of STM and Raman spectroscopy, theoretical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo simulations will be carried out to understand the surface electronic structures and to mimic dynamical migrations of the surface atoms. This should yield deep insight into the essential dynamic properties and the impact on the restructuring of these electrocatalysts under operation conditions.

Mots clés : electrochemistry, surface science, scanning tunneling microscopy, fuel cell reactions, catalyst stability

Participants :
- Leiden University (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 165598.8 €
Projet PapalEmotions (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

By the end of the twelfth century, the papacy had become one of the most influential institutions in Latin Christendom. Using ideas and approaches from gender studies and the history of emotions, this interdisciplinary project investigates how the pope and his curia used emotions to communicate papal authority, and how this was shaped by contemporary ideas about gender. It focuses on the pontificate of Innocent III (1198-1216), which was a period of both crisis and renewal within the Latin Church. Scholars of clerical masculinity have fruitfully analysed depictions of emotional expression in central-medieval episcopal texts to determine how clerical authors used emotional signification to convey an exclusively male authority. Few studies, however, exist on papal emotions, and scholars have not examined the role played by gender in the ways in which central-medieval popes conveyed their authority. The project makes use of a variety of sources including papal letters, sermons, and biographies. These documents are rich with gendered emotional coding, and I focus on how expressions of sorrow, anger, and emotive pastoral imagery were used in instances when the pope faced challenges to his authority. I argue that examining expressions of emotion sheds light on how the papal curia’s rhetorical manipulation and use of discourses of masculinity influenced the way in which it communicated papal authority. In doing so, I provide an innovative framework for the use of emotional discourse to understand masculine hegemonic authority. This project will be developed at CGS Aalborg (host) and IAHR Vienna (secondment) to allow me to collaborate with outstanding researchers in the history of papal communication at these institutions, ensuring that my project is at the cutting edge of research and will develop my career. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed open access articles, a popular history magazine article, a podcast, and workshops for high-school pupils.

Mots clés : masculinity, emotions, papacy, central middle ages, innocent iii

Participants :
- Aalborg University (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 207312.0 €
Projet ByzTime (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

ByzTime proposes to investigate the Byzantine concept of time from the vantage point of three distinct yet interrelated literary genres: philosophical treatises, apocalyptic prophecies, and historiographical narratives. The aim is to establish new and holistic insights into the elusive fabric of time conceptions during the later middle Byzantine period (11th– 13th c.). This timeframe allows us to consider one of the most productive periods of Byzantine thought while taking into account the disparate availability of different kinds of textual sources, namely (1) philosophical treatises that discuss the notion of time and eternity, (2) medieval Greek apocalypses that describe the end of times, and (3) historiographical narratives of the Komnēnian era, which advance various temporal strategies in narrating the course of events. The philosophical treatises will be analyzed in terms of their argumentative validity, historical significance, and conceptual approaches to time, while the historiographical and prophetic material will be examined regarding the literary strategies of narrating time, aspects in narrative speed, the (ir-)regularity of verb tenses, typological layers, and temporal motifs. The diversity of the sources and the nature of the project’s goals necessitate an interdisciplinary approach that combines Byzantine history, literary criticism, palaeography, philology, philosophy, religious studies, and digital humanities. ByzTime will produce 12 deliverables, including the participation in two international conferences and the publication of six peer-reviewed articles. Among the publications will be the critical edition of five treatises by the middle Byzantine philosopher John Italos and editiones principes of three Byzantine prophecies. A scholarly symposium on “Time in Byzantium” will also be organized. Ultimately, ByzTime promotes the “temporal turn” in Byzantine studies through the multidisciplinary investigation of the middle Byzantine notion(s) of time.

Mots clés : byzantine intellectual history, history of philosophy, apocalyptic studies, byzantine historiography, manuscript studies, critical, digital editions, concept of time

Participants :
- University of Vienna (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 186167.04 €
Projet CARMI (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

CARMI proposes to study the friction between two cosmologies found in India in medieval times: the cosmological model used by the astronomical tradition of India, and the cosmology found in the Purāṇas, a group of texts sacred in Hinduism. In the Indian tradition, cosmology falls within the branch of knowledge known as jyotiḥśāstra, which has three divisions: saṃhitā (omens); horā (astrology); and gaṇita (the astral sciences, including astronomy and cosmology). With CARMI present, the Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies will have experts in all three divisions, creating a unique research environment for the study of all aspects of jyotiḥśāstra. This will be particularly valuable for CARMI. Historically, the Indian astronomers rejected elements from the Purāṇas contradicting their model, but also incorporated compatible elements. With the astronomer Jñānarāja (1500 CE), this changed; he sought to create a synthesis between the two incompatible cosmologies. He maintained that the sacred Purāṇas could not be contradicted. At the same time, he needed a working science. So he re-interpreted passages from the Purāṇas. This approach had a significant impact on Indian astronomy. What were the dynamics that led to this approach? Why was it felt necessary to assert the authority of the Purāṇas within the Indian astronomical tradition? Through a careful investigation of Jñānarāja's sources, CARMI will have an interdisciplinary approach to the understanding of issues arising from the interaction of cosmology, on the one hand, and religion, on the other (that is, two separate subfields of Indology), in medieval India (ca. 1200 to 1500 CE) based on the analysis of primary Sanskrit sources.

Mots clés : cosmology, astronomy, indian cosmology, indian religion, virodha parih ra, brahmasiddh nta, somasiddh nta, vasi  hasiddh nta, romakasiddh nta, siddh ntasundara, j  nar ja

Participants :
- University of Copenhagen (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212194.8 €
Projet CHINGREEN (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

CHINGREEN is an in-depth qualitative study of Chinese "green-finance" operations along the Belt & Road Initiative (BRI). The project explores the increasing expansion of Chinese green finance by asking to what extent this is (re)shaping the definitions of global green financial practices and thus the relationship between nature and finance. The issuance of Green Bonds and the adoption of green financial securitisation for the funding of green infrastructures are among the main tools China has adopted in its global extraversion. In this unprecedented expansion, it is now clear that the extent of Chinese-led green credit along the BRI will have a make-or-break role in meeting the Paris agreement’ emissions targets. However, as a common “green” language is yet to be established, the way financial products are defined and capitalised as “green” remains contingent and unclear. Challenges remain concerning processes of standardisation and measurement of green financial practices at a global level. This research aims to address this knowledge gap by investigating the special characteristics of Chinese “green” financial capital and how it deploys out of the Chinese domestic borders. The research will consist of an in-depth qualitative inquiry of Chinese green finance. It will investigate the issuance of a Chinese green bond by the Chinese bank ICBC in Thailand, and a case of green securitisation by Chinese multilateral bank AIIB in Turkey. These two different financial instruments will shed light on the diversity of green financial regulations and standards in two of the regional environmental/biodiversity hotspots of the BRI corridors: South East Asia and Western Asia. The overall aim of the project is to collect empirical evidence to contribute to the larger process of financialisation of nature in its global and spatial variety.

Mots clés : financialisation of nature, green finance, belt and road initiative, china

Participants :
- National University of Singapore (Singapour) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 267282.24 €
Projet CITY-OF-CARE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

CITY-OF CARE examines the crucial socio-economic and spatial implications of the financialization of social housing (FSH) in two European cities: Milan and Dublin. Key global processes of financial capital markets and securitization have restructured national property and housing systems, making them increasingly interdependent. Welfare retrenchment, product deregulation and financial liberalization each contributed to a dual process of residualized social housing and the expansion and inflation of the private housing market. However, in the aftermath of the 2008 global economic crisis, new subjectivities and relational strategies by people for people emerged as a coping mechanism to fight the instability and uncertainty of living in poverty. By linking research, innovation and policy, CITY-OF-CARE analyzes, at the macro level, urban strategies, policies and planning practices to promote equitable and sustainable growth. At the micro level, it looks at the efforts and the organizing that take networks, skills, and resourcefulness to alleviate housing affordability crisis, insecurity, exclusion and segregation imposed on social housing communities. CITY-OF-CARE takes a “personal network” approach to elicit the dynamics and the relevance of interconnected care providers. Caring as a distinctive, network-based activity is one of the central elements in the survival practices of disadvantaged areas of the city. Yet, it remains a gendered activity that develops between women and their community members under significant structural constraints. CITY-OF-CARE puts under scrutiny the role of women’s leadership in building and using social capital that can sustain community care and solidarity over the long haul, challenging the inequities of neoliberalism and contributing to the EU urban cohesion agenda advancement.

Mots clés : financialization of social housing, urban restructuring, urban poor communities, care, personal networks, women residents  activism, social capital, community development, comparative urbanism

Participants :
- University of Milan (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183473.28 €