Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet STASIS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

States are currently designing new strategies and modalities of intervention in order to adapt to the lasting impacts that the covid-19 Great Lockdown will have on industrial structures, financial systems, global and regional value chains, the nature of business competition, and the world of work. While the forms of reassertion of state authority are likely to be extremely diverse, STASIS focuses in particular on the repositioning of European states with respect to investment from state enterprises, state-owned banks, and state-sponsored investment funds, or what commentators increasingly refer to as ‘state capitalist’ investment. There are concerns that firms impacted by covid-19 may be targeted by 'predatory' state-sponsored investors from beyond Europe, as the crisis is being seized as a strategic opportunity to acquire underpriced assets. STASIS offers an original study of how European states are seeking to regulate state capitalist investment from abroad, in light of the tension between attracting foreign capital and retaining control of critical firms and assets, and as parts of broader attempts to construct new regimes of competition, profitability and growth. It proposes to advance scholarly understandings of the political economy of these investments and regulations, by scrutinising the actors, processes, and multiple forms of contestation they involve within and across economic sectors and European states. It uses mixed methods involving 60 semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, a close reading of policy documents and public reports, and economic analysis, in order to explore empirically-grounded case studies (a comparison of the regulations implemented by Germany and France, and a comparison of 2 economic sectors: Health & Biotech; Artificial Intelligence & Robotics). The study, grounded in geographical political economy, brings together recent literature on state capitalism, economic geographies of crisis transition, and labour mobilisations.

Mots clés : geographical political economy, state capitalism, investment regulation, competition regimes, labour, state power, international political economy, covid 19 crisis, territorialisation of production

Participants :
- Uppsala University (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 191852.16 €
Projet StatusCities (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

StatusCities will provide a comprehensive investigation of the city level implications of migrants being differentiated by a myriad of legal status tracks. Conceptually and empirically focussing on superdiversity and diversity dynamics – rather than cross-sectional configurations - the specific aim is to link debates about the national level management of migration with debates on urban migration-related diversities. This is extremely timely given unprecedented migration to Europe and especially to Europe's cities. Asking where migrants subject to different legal status conditions live and what their residential biographies look like, StatusCities will combine an analysis of both unique longitudinal register data and qualitative data derived through mobile-phone supported long term elicitation techniques. The former will be used to map and visualise migrant residential patterns in light of status differentiations, the latter to analyse city and neighbourhood level patterns by paying attention to individual mobility and sociality decisions at the time of legal status transitions. The project will be focused on four urban centres located in one of Europe’s major conurbations the Dutch Randstad. The research will consider multiple scales of analysis through a focus on different types and differently sized cities and within them neighbourhoods that show a relatively high turnover of different status migrants. StatusCities will thus contribute knowledge and methodological innovation by drawing on debates from various disciplinary fields and using a sophisticated and innovative mixed methods approach. Research has not yet investigated how the multiplicity of status differences - with their associated eligibility criteria and the parameters of presence that they set out - are relevant to dynamic changes in migration-related diversity. With the current levels of migration StatusCities is devoted to filling this highly policy relevant knowledge void.

Mots clés : superdiversity, urban diversity, migrant legal statuses

Participants :
- Delft University of Technology (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 165598.8 €
Projet SKINFRET (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Stem cells are central to maintenance of mammalian epidermis. This proposal focuses on how stem cells communicate with their microenvironment by intercellular propagation of growth signal. I will investigate the involvement of epidermal stem cells in a novel growth signal propagation pattern I found in my PhD research. In this research, I visualized extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) activity in the skin of living mice by FRET-based observation of transgenic mouse expressing a sensitive biosensor for ERK. By this approach, I found a novel pattern of intercellular ERK activity propagation, which we named SPREAD. In SPREAD, bursts of localized ERK activation concentrically propagated to their surrounding 100 -300 cells. The timing and location of SPREAD emergence suggested the involvement of epidermal stem cells. To test this possibility I will combine my expertise of FRET imaging with in vivo and in vitro systems for mouse and human keratinocytes in the host laboratory. By crossing ERK biosensor mice with various mouse strains that marks Lgr5+, Lgr6+, or Lrig1+ stem cells, I will observe whether the centre cells of SPREADs are epidermal stem cells in vivo. In addition, I will culture keratinocytes expressing the ERK FRET biosensor on an artificially engineered substrate to recapitulate SPREAD in vitro. To study whether SPREADs are also seen in human skin, I will exploit a skin reconstruction system, called organotopic culture. The method allows culture of keratinocytes on collagen matrices embedded with various fibroblast populations with various densities. The significance of the features of SPREAD (shape, size, amplitude etc.) will be addressed by generating various types of ERK activity propagation by using light-induced ERK activation system. This approach will bring fresh insights into how stem cells control their local tissue structures via intercellular propagation of growth signal and how microenviromental factors effect on the propagation pattern.

Mots clés : epidermal stem cells, fret imaging, erk activity propagation, micropatterned, substrate, organotopic culture

Participants :
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet SOLMUS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Stećci, the medieval tombstones, are expressions of religious belief, identity, politics and social ideology. They synthesise the historical, chronological, cultural and religious components of the medieval Western Balkans. There are over 60 000 stećci scattered around Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), the country that epitomises long-standing plurality. Through these monuments identities were enunciated, thus offering a rare opportunity to investigate the archaeo-historic growth of medieval SE Europe. SOLMUS adopts an innovative and interdisciplinary approach to study medieval funerary archaeology, with the aim to understand the social life of medieval Bosnian society that left us stećci. SOLMUS will model ‘inter/intra group’ interactions in medieval BiH by integrating principles from landscape archaeology, remote sensing, digital humanities, and the scientific and theoretical approaches of social archaeology with medieval iconography and epigraphy, therefore bringing an entirely new understanding of European medieval archaeology. The proposed project will synthesise complementary datasets from the archaeological and historical record, often treated separately. By defining the Past as shared, complex and nuanced, can archaeology stimulate new narratives for social integration? What was/is the regional impact of the peripheral East and the role of multiculturalism on the European Past? Dr Čaval is an experienced researcher, focusing on the archaeology of religion, historical archaeology and cultural astronomy. She will enhance her research and employability through training in theoretical, methodological and practical knowledge in social archaeology, as well as skills in SNA, RTI and GIS analyses (beneficiary), and medieval epigraphy and iconography (secondment). By bridging theoretical perspectives and scientific methods, she will provide innovative perspectives on European multiculturalism through its relationship with the medieval heritage of the Western Balkans.

Mots clés : bosnia and herzegovina, medieval period, social archaeology, funerary archaeology, western balkan, cemeteries, tombstones, landscape archaeology

Participants :
- University of Reading (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet TIP-N-POINT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Stone-tipped hunting weapons are an important marker of the technical and cognitive capacities of Palaeolithic hominins and represent a crucial tipping point in human behavioural evolution. Neanderthals were skilled hunters, as indicated by zooarchaeological and isotope analyses, but preserved remains of organic spears are sparse and potential lithic weapon tips are not ubiquitously present during the Middle Palaeolithic (MP, ca.300,000-40,000BP). Unravelling this enigma and reconstructing the technology underlying MP hunting events is one of the key challenges in studies of Neanderthal behaviour. Securely identifying hafted weapon tips is complex and past analyses of MP points have mainly focused on individual artefacts, their morphometric characteristics, use-wear and residue traces. Conversely, studies that contextualise MP points at an assemblage level, cross comparing various blank and tool types, are sparse, especially for the European record, even though they are key to a more comprehensive understanding of the role of point shapes in the Neanderthal tool kit. TIP-N-POINT fills this current research gap by bridging review and primary assemblage level data across Europe, providing a much needed data-driven perspective on Neanderthal hunting. At its centre stands the timely application of a suite of state-of-the-art analytical tools, including geometric morphometrics, GIS edge damage mapping and quantitative approaches (incl. generalised linear modelling). As a result, TIP-N-POINT will significantly advance methods in Palaeolithic archaeology and knowledge on Neanderthal behaviour as well as enhance the skill portfolio of the applicant. Necessary training and expertise are exclusively available at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (Germany) and TIP-N-POINT will contribute to the research profile of this world leader in human evolution by forging new transnational collaborations and establishing border-crossing European research excellence.

Mots clés : palaeolithic archaeology, lithic analyses, neanderthal behaviour

Participants :
- Max Planck Society (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 171460.8 €
Projet immunogut (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Stroke is a multiphasic process, with an initial ischemic phase followed by secondary progression of injury from inflammatory responses which affects and being affected by remote organs and systems outside of the central nervous system. The gastrointestinal tract constantly communicates with the brain in a complex network of interactions generally termed the ‘gut-brain axis’. Following brain ischemia, the intestinal epithelial barrier becomes permeable, exposing gut immune cells to extrinsic molecules and contributing to late post-stroke bacterial infections. It is yet completely unknown whether the consequent intestinal immune response contributes to stroke outcomes and if its modulation can serve as a potential therapeutic approach. Aging significantly increases the vulnerability to both stroke and GI disorders. I hypothesize, that changes in gut permeability after stroke contribute to the peripheral and brain innate immune responses. This is likely to be aggravated in aging, where stroke is associated with enhanced bacterial translocation and susceptibility to develop post-stroke infections. In order to test this hypothesis, I need to first characterize the time course and nature of the intestinal immune response after stroke, using flow cytometry to identify dynamics of immune cell activation. Building on my previous experience in neuroimmuology and gut-brain axis research, including high throughput multi-omics approaches to address host-microbial interactions in the context of neurological diseases, transcriptomics and metabolomics during both my PhD (Tell-Aviv Uni) and first postdoc (Weizmann Institute of Science), I will utilize a combination of flow-cytometry, multiplexed single-cell quantification of cellular spatial interactions (CODEX), in-vivo models and quantitative network analysis to characterize the intestinal immune response in stroke in order to delineate the contribution of aging to post-stroke intestinal immune responses.

Mots clés : stroke, intestine, gut brain axis, sympathetic nervous system, inflammation

Participants :
- Stanford University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Tel Aviv University (Israël) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Israël) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 269998.08 €
Projet BIO-CAPTURE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Stroke is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. Most stroke events are triggered by an atherosclerotic plaque rupture in a carotid artery. Current clinical decisions for the carotid plaque removal surgery are made without assessing the plaque rupture risk as no reliable means exists today. Biomechanics can help to develop such risk assessment tools; yet, the fundamental knowledge on biomechanical descriptors of plaque rupture is missing. This project aims to provide biomechanical characteristics of atherosclerotic plaque rupture. This will be done by combining experimental work, high-end plaque imaging and computational modeling. First, non-existing biomechanical plaque rupture data will be collected from a novel experimental approach of physiological, ex-vivo inflation/rupture tests with atherosclerotic human carotid arteries. The pre-rupture and rupture strain distributions in plaques during the tests will be assessed in 3D via a cutting-edge high frequency ultrasound technique. With a novel inverse finite element (FE) technique, heterogeneous material properties of the plaques will be identified. This unique material information will be used in plaque-specific FE models to compute 3D pre-rupture and rupture stress distributions in the plaques. The assessed plaque strain and stress fingerprints will be evaluated for their predictive value of plaque rupture. The essential knowledge on biomechanical characteristics of plaque rupture will aid making more accurate surgical treatment decisions to prevent stroke-related mortality and morbidity. Besides the high-impact research, this fellowship will also result in enhancement of the applicant’s skill set through the valuable training on ultrasound imaging, histology and pathomorphology examination. Furthermore, the fellowship will allow him to return to the EU research environment, and bring back his expertise in tissue experimentation and modeling, and advanced FE analysis.

Mots clés : biomechanics, atherosclerosis, finite element modeling, plaque rupture, stress and strain analysis, stroke, ultrasound imaging

Participants :
- Erasmus MC (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 165598.8 €
Projet ENOSIS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Strong coupling (SC) between light and matter in microcavities has shown to produce striking phenomena such as lasing at low power thresholds, Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) and superfluidity in the solid state. Embedding transitional metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) monolayers and their heterostructures (HSs) with valley pseudo-spin degree of freedom in microcavities could bring enormous advantages. ENOSIS will enable and enhance the most favourable properties of SC in TMD-based devices, by investigating novel structures with advanced optical techniques relying on ultrafast spectroscopy and hyperspectral microscopy. To this aim, microcavities embedding TMD monolayers and HSs will be fabricated and characterized by developing new microscopy tools, which can provide fast and comprehensive information about the morphological and spectral properties of the samples. Ultrafast spectroscopic techniques will then reveal the subtle mechanisms behind the valley polarization enhancement in TMDs in the SC regime, towards a further increase of valley coherence time. Strong non-linear phenomena could then be observed in these structures for the first time, eventually resulting in BEC at high temperatures. ENOSIS will equip the Researcher with new knowledge and skills in ultrafast optical science and technology, thus broadening his scientific background and enhancing his prospects as an independent researcher. At the same time, the Action and the Host Institution will benefit from the advanced knowledge in 2D materials and strong light-matter interactions acquired by the Researcher during his scientific career. ENOSIS promises to open new horizons for 2D materials in optoelectronics, by enhancing their properties through strong light-matter interactions, creating novel highly non-linear optical devices which could become the building blocks for future optical circuits and computers.

Mots clés : two dimensional materials, transition metal dichalcogenides, van der waals heterostructures, microcavities, strong coupling, polaritons, ultrafast optical spectroscopy, valleytronics

Participants :
- Politecnico di Milano (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 171473.28 €
Projet MARACHAS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Structure in our universe grow hierarchically, where small structures (stars and galaxies) assemble first and later on galaxies group together in large potential wells to form clusters. Clusters of galaxies are the largest structure observable in our Universe, and can contain more than hundreds of galaxies. Nonetheless, the stars in the galaxies contribute to only a little of its mass. Indeed, the main matter component is dark matter. Little is known about dark matter besides that it interacts through gravity with ordinary matter. For instance, we believe that every galaxy carry their own small halo of dark matter, and when they fall in a cluster part of that halo is stripped and diffused in the larger halo of the cluster. In this study, I will be using the gravitational lensing effect to answer questions on the evolution of dark matter components that make the majority of clusters. In my case, gravitational lensing refers to the bending of the light emitted by a galaxy located far behind the cluster, due to the mass of the cluster itself. I will study the galaxies and their dark matter falling in the cluster and losing their dark matter to the profit of the cluster, also called the sub-halos mass loss. This will bring new insights to the overall structure evolution in our Universe, and answer fundamental questions about dark matter properties. Based on my experience gained during my PhD and postdoc at the University of Michigan, returning to the EU to conduct this study will allow me to increase my ability to design, program and develop large analyses of observational data. The experienced contributors will greatly promote such challenging observational analysis and have the expertise to link this work to the latest theoretical predictions thanks to Durham’s state-of-the-art cosmological simulations. This will broaden my skills, giving me an (important) opportunity to work with theorists.


Participants :
- Durham University (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet ReproXimera (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Studies during last decade have shown that the genetic programs underlying cell identity are plastic even in fully differentiated cells. Direct lineage reprogramming takes advantage of this plasticity to induce cell fate conversions from one cell type into another. The host laboratory is among those who have pioneered successful lineage reprogramming of glial cells into induced functional neurons in vitro and in vivo. These studies have largely focused on murine glia. While there is sparse evidence that also human glia can be reprogrammed into induced neurons, it is unclear whether such lineage conversion can occur within the constraints of the in vivo tissue context by fully integrated mature human glia. In this project I propose an experimental model to study direct lineage reprogramming of human astrocytes into induced neurons at distinct developmental stages within the context of the adult mouse brain in vivo. This model is based on previous findings that show that human astroglial progenitors can integrate into the mouse brain following grafting, maintaining hallmarks that are specific to human astroglia which differ markedly in their complexity from their murine counterparts. Here I will combine this model system with the directed glial differentiation of induced human pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) and state-of-the-art genome-editing via CRISPR-Cas9 technology. This will enable me to derive transplantable glial progenitors that can be induced to undergo lineage conversion in a humanized in vivo context at distinct maturation stages. With this approach I will obtain important insights into the fundamental question of how the state of maturation and functional integration determines the capacity of human astroglia to undergo lineage conversion into functional neurons in vivo. I expect that the data resulting from this approach will have important implications towards the translation of direct lineage reprogramming into new strategies for brain repair.

Mots clés : direct cell reprogramming

Participants :
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 224933.76 €