Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet E-TransAp (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Classical sources and archaeological data coincide in identifying the existence of transhumant movements in the Apennines during the Roman period. However, there is little evidence on how and when it started, what was its socioeconomic context and environmental consequences. This is hardly surprising since, up to now, a multidisciplinary approach integrating landscape and archaeological data has never been employed to tackle ancient transhumant practices. Early Intensive Pastoralism and Transhumance in the Apennines (E-TransAp) seeks to investigate the origin of transhumant pastoralist practices using an innovative combination of remote sensing (including lidar and multispectral satellite imagery), microtopographic survey, machine learning, movement modelling, archaeological excavations and spatial statistical approaches. E-TransAp will investigate a central area of the Apennines, within the territory of the Sabines, where Roman authors identify seasonal flock movements between the mountains and the lower areas, in order to identify and date landscape elements related to large-scale flock movement. By bridging archaeological, palaeoenvironmental, and historical data, E-TransAp aims to provide a holistic understanding of ancient socio-economic systems and landscape mobility. The research is grounded in the premise that understanding the inception and impact of transhumance is key to analyse the origin of Mediterranean mountain cultural landscapes. This pioneering approach promises to offer new perspectives on the early practices of transhumance and its role in shaping ancient Mediterranean societies.

Mots clés : pastoralism, remote sensing, computational archaeology

Participants :
- Université polytechnique de Catalogne (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 165312.96 €
Projet BaSIS (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Barium (Ba) has been proven to be a particular useful tool to estimate organic carbon remineralization in various areas of the world’s ocean. To date, however, the Ba cycle and its budgets in the ocean are not well constrained. Indeed, in the ocean, sources of Ba from hydrothermal alteration and deep-sea sediments, but also the internal Ba cycle are hard to constrain with Ba concentrations alone. The use of Ba isotopic composition (138Ba) measurements can provide meaningful insights on these sources and processes. Specifically, different inputs and different biological processes influencing the Ba distribution in the ocean have distinct 138Ba. However, surveys of 138Ba, in seawater and particles in the Southern Ocean (SO) has never been made. It is particularly important to understand the impact of the SO on the Ba cycle, as any preformed Ba or other sources of Ba in the SO would have a large impact on its use as a remineralization tracer in the global ocean. BaSIS is thus a unique opportunity to enhance knowledge on the Ba cycling in this key oceanic region by studying 138Ba in seawater and marine particles from the GEOTRACES cruise SWINGS in the SO. The fellow will spend the first two years at the Laboratoire de l’Envionnement Marin (LEMAR) under the supervision of Dr. Planquette. This fellowship will allow her to come back to Europe with the technical expertise she acquired outside of the EU in the past years. She will implement a new technic and will acquire a unique overview of the Ba cycle in the global Ocean. Research results will be of interest to worldwide researchers working on the study of the impact of the global carbon cycle, promoting European excellence and competitiveness in dedicated European and international carbon export projects.

Mots clés : oceanography, marine chemistry

Participants :
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 195914.88 €
Projet TwinCare-AF (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Mathematics
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The goal of the TwinCare-AF project is to develop innovative core methodologies for accurate and real-time calibration of cardiovascular electrophysiological models and to support medical decisions in the context of atrial fibrillation and catheter ablation therapy planning. The proposed approach will focus on the generation of digital twins of patient hearts, calibrated through robust and efficient machine learning techniques, and able to replicate measured clinical data, such as electrocardiogram and electrogram recordings. Specifically, physics-informed and/or deep-learning techniques will be extended and implemented within the context of anatomically-accurate and biophysically-detailed cardiac electrophysiology, to accelerate the solution of classical forward electrophysiological model, and to solve inverse problems for identifying patient-specific physical and tissue properties of the heart. Additionally, a robust methodology for verification, validation, and uncertainty quantification will be adopted to showcase the agreement between model predictions and empirical observations, and to provide reliable estimates of confidence in the model predictions. The developed approach will be used to predict atrial fibrillation progression and determine potential ablation sets for individual patients. The predictions of the developed model will undergo testing through in vivo intraoperative clinical measurements. To enhance easy flow, robust analysis, and interpretation of patient-specific data, the novel real-time mathematical workflow for atrial fibrillation simulations will be integrated into a clinically viable platform. These tasks will leverage leading-edge mathematical methodologies, improve the observation-to-diagnosis clinical process by efficiently handling patient-specific data, and support therapy planning, ultimately enabling a scalable translation to large population cohorts.

Mots clés : cardiac digital twins, electrophysiology, machine learning, uncertainty quantification, atrial fibrillation, cardiovascular modeling

Participants :
- École polytechnique de Milan (Italie) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Université de médecine de Graz (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183600.96 €
Projet GREAT (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project aims to gain physical knowledge on the mechanisms taking place during the early nucleation and growth stages of high-entropy alloy (HEA) and high-entropy nitride (HEN) thin films, hitherto only partly investigated by theoretical studies. The proposed experimental investigation is a unique, original approach that will rely on both the kinetics and the reactivity of the thin film growth process and will be achieved, for the first time in HEA/HEN films, using in situ and real-time electrical (sheet resistance) and optical (wafer curvature) nanoscale diagnostics, the latter being also capable to provide reliable information on the intrinsic stress of the produced material. Ex situ post-growth microstructural evaluation will be also considered, as well as the film synthesis conditions prevailing on their phase formation and mechanical properties. Two HEA that find applications in areas of importance for society will be studied: the CoCrFeMnNi and MoNbTaVW, which are archetypes of fcc- and bcc-forming systems, respectively. The former is the most studied HEA, known for its outstanding mechanical properties even in cryogenic environments, whereas the latter is an advanced refractory alloy with high-temperature strength and stability. This postdoctoral fellowship will be carried out by the applicant Felipe Cemin under the supervision of Prof. Gregory Abadias at Pprime Institute (host), CNRS/University of Poitiers/ISAE-ENSMA (Poitiers, France).

Mots clés : thin films, nucleation and growth, high entropy alloys, high entropy nitrides, intrinsic stress, magnetron sputtering

Participants :
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 195914.88 €
Projet QuRe-ViMaL (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Mathematics
Statut du projet : SIGNED

For compact planar sets, an analogue to the classic travelling salesman problem is: when can all points in a compact set E be traversed by a rectifiable curve? and how long should such a curve be? P. Jones came up with an answer in his influential Analyst's Travelling Salesman Theorem (ATST). Recent work by the PI and collaborators suggest that fundamental questions at the interface between Geometric Measure Theory (GMT), Harmonic Analysis (HA), PDEs and Machine Learning (ML) have at their core establishing higher dimensional analogues of Jones' ATST. This proposal takes up this challenge by focussing onto three concrete investigations: 1) We aim at solving a long-standing and notoriously difficult conjecture of Vitushkin on the connection between analytic capacity and Favard length. As a result of our strategy, we will prove a quantification of the classical Besicovitch-Federer projections theorem. 2) We study the interplay between the geometry and the differentiability structure a set can support, resulting in a) a geometric characterisation of domains admitting a Sobolev trace theorem, and b) a geometric converse of Rademacher's theorem, which answers a notable open question in the David-Semmes theory of uniform rectifiability. 3) We study the geometry of point clouds by developing a corona-type construction which tests whether the data points lie near a parametrisable surface; this is a way of testing the manifold hypothesis, relied upon by most nonlinear dimensionality reduction algortihms in data analysis. Our framework provide a common language within which we tackle these diverse issues. Hence, achieving our objectives will not only result in major subject-specific breakthroughs, but, just as importantly, will develop and expand this `language', thus providing fertile ground for multidisciplinary interactions to take place.

Mots clés : geometric measure theory, harmonic analysis, rectifiability, manifold learning

Participants :
- Université du Pays basque (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 165312.96 €
Projet DRIMMS (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are heterogeneous clonal hematopoietic stem-cell malignancies of the elderly. MDS remain uncurable by existing pharmacological therapies, aimed at eradicating mutant clones. Clonal cytopenias of undetermined significance (CCUS) occur in elderly patients harboring MDS-driver mutations in their bone marrow cells and almost always preclude MDS, representing an optimal setting for studying the mechanisms driving the onset of MDS. In a preliminary study, I discovered that innate immune cells from patients with CCUS are transcriptionally rewired toward their activation but have signs of functional exhaustion and dysfunction. Therefore, I hypothesized that dysfunctions in the immune microenvironment favor clonal expansion and disease progression in early stages of MDS and, therefore, therapeutic approaches enhancing the immune response in CCUS or MDS patients may effectively prevent or arrest disease onset. To test my hypothesis, in this project I will dissect the role of the immune microenvironment in the expansion of premalignant clones in early-stage MDS. To do so, I will 1) transcriptionally and immunophenotypically characterize the immune microenvironment in MDS patients with low clonal burden at the single-cell level, including interactions between immune and non-immune cells; 2) assess the functionality of the immune cell repertoire in CCUS and MDS patients through the analysis of their secretome and the cells’ secretory and cytolytic functions; and 3) test the feasibility of targeting immune responses in MDS by performing proof-of-principle drug testing assays with new-generation immune checkpoint inhibitors and identifying and validating novel therapeutic targets. I expect the results of this project to shed light on the cell-extrinsic mechanisms eliciting MDS pathogenesis and provide a biologic rationale for the development of pharmacologic or cellular therapies to prevent or early-treat MDS before outcomes become dismal.

Mots clés : myelodysplastic syndromes aging clonal expansion immune microenvironment multiomics immune cell function early therapeutic intervention

Participants :
- Université de Navarre (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 181152.96 €
Projet TaphArt (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The advent of symbolic material culture and the storage of information outside the human brain through the production of artefacts and images imbued with meaning was a landmark in human evolution. Although it has been generally considered as the consequence of an European Upper Palaeolithic "revolution" that took place around 40 ka, new evidence from the Middle Stone Age (MSA, ~300–40 ka) suggests the presence of symbolic material culture in Africa at ~150 ka. In this context, a major research challenge for archaeology is to explain the apparent absence of rock art paintings in the MSA archaeological record of southern Africa. Ochre pigments are ubiquitous in the sites from this period, and toolkits used to produce ochre-rich liquid paint date from at least ~100 ka. Furthermore, images engraved on pieces of ochre and a crayon drawing demonstrate that the MSA populations had all the material, technical and cognitive resources necessary to create graphic representations. Thus, through an innovative and interdisciplinary approach that brings together archaeology, paleoenvironmental science, atmospheric science, material science, and analytical chemistry, the TaphArt project aims to develop an experimental research to determine whether the absence of rock art paintings in the MSA sites of southern Africa is due to a cultural choice of the human populations or the result of taphonomic processes that eliminated the painted images from the archaeological record. Taking as reference the archaeological and paleoenvironmental context of Blombos Cave (South Africa), the project tests the hypothesis that marine aerosol and wind erosion may have contributed to the destruction of rock art paintings potentially produced on the site, providing groundbreaking unprecedented data to the discussion on the origins of rock art and the behavioural evolution of the Homo sapiens.

Mots clés : middle stone age, human symbolic behaviour, rock art, taphonomy

Participants :
- Université de Bordeaux (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 211754.88 €
- Université du Pays basque (Espagne) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet XICUT (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The DNA damage response takes place on a chromatin substrate and triggers profound chromatin alterations. Chromatin states vary substantially between genomic regions, driving distinct gene expression profiles and also different DNA damage repair responses. One striking example is the heterochromatinization of an entire chromosome, the inactive X chromosome in female mammals, that is silenced during embryonic development by facultative heterochromatin formation. How the facultative heterochromatin state of the inactive X responds to DNA damage and impacts DNA repair is poorly understood. My research project aims at identifying chromatin changes that accompany the repair of the most cytotoxic form of DNA damage, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), in facultative heterochromatin and the mechanisms that ensure the establishment and maintenance of the inactive X chromosome in response to DNA damage in mammalian cells. To generate DSBs, I use the CRISPR/Cas9 technology that allows sequence-specific targeting of the Cas9 nuclease. Thanks to available bioinformatic tools, I can discriminate between active and inactive X chromosomes, analyze the genomic instability profiles induced around the break sites and decipher the repair pathway involved. In parallel, I will profile the chromatin marks associated with the inactive X chromosome in the vicinity of DSBs to assess the impact of DNA damage and repair on heterochromatin maintenance. Moreover, I will test the hypothesis that the high level of replicative stress-induced breaks in embryonic stem cells could drive heterochromatin establishment and thus skew the choice of the inactive X chromosome. For this, I will study the impact of generating DSBs on one X chromosome of mouse stem cells on their differentiation potential and their propension to inactivate the damaged X chromosome. Together, this work should shed light on the interplay between the DSB response and facultative heterochromatin states.

Mots clés : x chromosome inactivation dna double strand break repair histone modifications histone variants chromatin organization cas9 microscopy cutandrun

Participants :
- Université Paris Cité (France) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 211754.88 €
Projet NEAT (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Arithmetic theories are logical theories about systems of numbers that found important applications in several areas of computer science. For instance, those theories have a fundamental role in Satisfiability Modulo Theory (SMT), abstract interpretation and symbolic execution, the three most prominent algorithmic techniques to type check or bug test programs against rich specification languages. In optimisation, Integer Linear Programming offers a general framework to model many scheduling, planning and network problems using linear integer arithmetic. In Theoretical Computer Science, several computational problems stemming from formal logic and automata theory require arithmetic theories procedures to be solved. Arithmetic theories are simple to describe, but their algorithms are based on profound mathematical theories. The goal of this proposal is to achieve a major advance in algorithms for decision and optimisation problems of existential arithmetic theories featuring the non-linear operators of exponentiation and divisibility. We choose to focus on these two operators for both theoretical and practical reasons. On the theory side, whereas multiplication often causes decidability issues (see e.g. the undecidability of Hilbert’s 10th problem), exponentiation and divisibility are much more algorithmically robust. On the practical side, these two non-linear operators have recently found several applications in the aforementioned areas of computer science. To achieve our goal, our methodology combines several areas of mathematics and theoretical computer science: automata theory, combinatorics, non-convex geometry, model theory and number theory. While the content of the proposal is foundational in nature, the long-term goal is for algorithms developed during the project to serve as a basis to expand the capabilities of SMT solvers, static analysers and optimization tools, making them able to handle very expressive languages of arithmetic.

Mots clés : arithmetic theories, mathematical programming, non linear optimization, decision procedures, computational logic

Participants :
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 181152.96 €
Projet TaSMH (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Since the experimental isolation of graphene in 2004, two-dimensional (2D) materials have been at the forefront of condensed matter physics. In recent years, a new revolution in the field started from the experimental observation of unconventional superconductivity, and other strongly correlated phases of matter, in superlattices of two stacked graphene layers with a relative twist of about 1 degree. Similar behaviors have been also observed in twisted double bilayer graphene and twisted trilayer graphene, among others. As these twist-induced systems give rise to a moiré pattern due to the lattice mismatch created, they are generally labeled as Moiré Heterostructures. So far, the current state-of-the-art encompasses the twist angle as the tune parameter in moiré heterostructures. Not much has been devoted to investigate the strain role as an additional tune parameter. The strain, when compared to the twist angle, offers a much wider possible forms of moiré patterns because it effectively distorts each layer. This provides a potentially extremely broad and rich experimental platform to modify the properties of the moiré heterostructures. Although the strain typically arises naturally and randomly during the fabrication of the samples, recent technological advances have opened the possibility of manipulating to a high precision the strain on each layer. Within this promising and emergent scenario, this proposal aims to understand the nature of electronic correlations in moiré heterostructures formed by twisted and strained 2D materials. We will study how the interplay between twist and strain can give rise to moiré patterns with unique electronic properties, such as unconventional superconductivity and other strongly-correlated phases of matter. From this we will form a solid theoretical foundation from which one can further propose and engineering superlattices configuration with useful potential applications.

Mots clés : superlattices, moir heterostructures, twisted and strained bilayer graphene, strongly correlated materials, twistronics, straintronics

Participants :
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 194074.56 €