Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet AICon (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

This project asks: do the outputs of machine learning neural net AI systems (henceforth, ‘AI systems’) have contents i.e., do they have meanings, express propositions, or represent objects of the world? It approaches this larger question by dividing it up into three smaller, closely aligned questions: (a) Are mental capacities necessary for producing outputs with content? (b) What does it take for an entity to have those capacities? and, (c) Do AI systems have those capacities? These foundational questions underpin and support several further investigations concerning the potential and threats of AI systems, including their role in spreading propaganda, disinformation, and fake news, and the question of whether AI systems can develop their own language. The project’s main innovation is its humanistic approach — its investigations are guided by the hypothesis that any philosophically interesting notion of ‘content’ must be comprehensible, and apply to human speech, images, and artefacts. The project combines the expertise of the Experienced Researcher (ER) on the semantics of natural language expressions with the current research of the supervisor (Matti Eklund) on ‘alien’ languages (i.e., languages semantically and structurally different from human languages). The project will greatly enhance the ER’s career prospects because of the training and mentorship that the ER will receive as part of the project, and because of the close synergy between the ER’s research focus, the supervisor’s internationally renowned expertise on semantics and metaphysics, and the host organisation’s (Uppsala University) strengths in pragmatics, artificial intelligence, and computational linguistics. Conversely, the ER’s research will enrich and generate substantial added value for the host institution — particularly in the research and academic work on meta-semantics, metaphysics, and the theoretical and practical aspects of AI systems carried out at the host institution.

Mots clés : philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, semantics, metasemantics, artificial intelligence, alien languages, alien content

Participants :
- Université d'Uppsala (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 222727.68 €
Projet VesselCVO (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

In the brain, the blood vasculature harbours a unique specification: the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB), which restricts blood/brain exchanges to a select set of molecules. This particularity makes neurons blind to most peripheral signal. However, the peripheral organs and the brain have to communicate to maintain homeostasis and body functions such as metabolism, reproduction or growth. This dialog occurs in specific brain regions, the circumventricular organs (CVOs), characterized by a fenestrated vasculature allowing the free diffusion of blood-borne factors and secretion of neurohormones in the blood stream. Thus, CVOs are crucial for the periphery/brain dialog. Despite the apparent pivotal role of the fenestrated vasculature of the different CVOs in the blood/brain exchanges, little is known about their organisation, cellular composition and transcriptomic profile. Unlike the BBB vasculature, the fenestrated vasculature of the CVO is poorly described and the role of mural cells, known to support BBB vessel development and maintenance, in CVO remains undetermined. Equally unknown is how pathological contexts such as Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), showed to alter BBB vessels integrity and function, impact the CVO vasculature. In the VesselCVO project, we set out to fill in the void of information about the molecular and cellular anatomy of the CVO vasculature, the similarities and differences amongst CVOs and other fenestrated vasculature of the central nervous system, the relative role of mural cells present in these regions and translate this knowledge in the pathological context of Alzheimer’s Disease. These ambitious objectives will be achieved through the use of a multidisciplinary and complementary set of transcriptomic, bioinformatic, neuroanatomic and vascular biology approaches. This project will result in a better understanding of the brain's fenestrated vasculature, pivotal for its dialog with peripheral organs, in physiological and pathological contexts.

Mots clés : vascular biology, fenestrated vessels, circumventricular organs, pericyte, fibroblast, alzheimer s disease, transcriptomics

Participants :
- Université d'Uppsala (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 222727.68 €
Projet Elmar (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Fuel cells represent highly efficient and non-polluting power devices that convert the chemical energy of a fuel into electrical power. Ammonia, as a fuel, is considered a potent alternative to the commonly used hydrogen because it has a lower cost per unit of stored energy and benefits from a well-established production and distribution infrastructure. The electrochemical NH3 oxidation reaction (eAOR) typically relies on Pt-based electrocatalysts due to their low overpotential and remarkable selectivity for N2. However, their susceptibility to durability problems exacerbates their already high cost and limited availability. A few recent studies have reported molecular eAOR catalysts, but evaluate them under homogeneous conditions, which are rarely relevant to energy-related applications. To make feasible catalytic systems out of molecular catalysts, their heterogenisation on electrode surfaces is necessary. Within the MSCA postdoctoral fellowship 'Elmar', I aim to construct catalytic films for eAOR, by encapsulating non-noble metal molecular complexes in carbon-based supporting materials. Those hybrid electrocatalysts will undergo electrochemical assessment to determine their efficiency and durability, and will be compared to a reference Pt/C catalyst. The performance of each electrocatalyst will be optimized by tuning the micro-environment of the molecular complex inside the film, and rationalized based on spectroscopic and spectroelectrochemical investigations. Overall, I aspire to establish an exemplary methodology for constructing, optimizing, and rationalizing electrocatalysts based on simple non-noble metal complexes. My ultimate goal is to create robust eAOR catalysts capable of competing with Pt-based ones. This endeavour can significantly contribute to the development of fuel cell technologies, that are expected to play an important role in the decarbonization of the EU’s energy system.

Mots clés : ammonia oxidation reaction, molecular electrocatalysis, spectroelectrochemistry, molecular catalyst heterogenisation, fe macrocycles

Participants :
- Université technique de Munich (Allemagne) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Université d'Uppsala (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 206887.68 €
Projet DyNPI-T2D (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is projected to increase by 100 million within years. However, while lifestyle changes are recommended by the WHO to counter & mitigate diabetes, comprehensive intervention experiments that consider the interplay of different lifestyle factors are lacking, as are clinical tools to evaluate such interplay. The present project will address these outstanding issues through two major undertakings: (1) A first long-term dynamic intervention experiment encompassing multiple lifestyle factors (diet, sleep & exercise) will be conducted in 200 subjects with & without T2D. The participants’ daily multimodal health data (biochemical markers, sleep, questionnaires, etc.) will be recorded, to form a high-resolution dynamic intervention database with unprecedented integrative & temporal resolution, which will be stored securely and made available for fellow scholars and the public to take advantage of. (2) The project will, for the first time, use the concept “Order Parameters” from statistical physics to represent different health states treated as distinct “ordered statuses”. Thus, a novel multimodal model will be built to characterize the temporal evolution of health variables that the modelling pinpoints as being the most predictive longitudinal parameters. The project will thus enable personalized predictions for holistic health trajectory, by analyzing the general physical laws followed by the temporal evolution of model parameters, also in relevant T2D & healthy subgroups. The two undertakings provide excellent quality control & risk assessment via six tailored work packages consisting of 32 milestones and 4 deliverables. This will provide an effective assessment tool for public health monitoring, at both the individual & policy level. More importantly, it will enable a paradigm shift from traditional group-level descriptive statistics, to precise quantitative assessment for longitudinal evaluation of key clinical health parameters.

Mots clés : intervention experiment, dynamic modeling, temporal evolution, lifestyle change, type 2 diabetes

Participants :
- Université d'Uppsala (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 222727.68 €
Projet In4All (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Background: Accessibility is usually understood as means of making cities more accessible for people with mobility disabilities. But accessibility encompasses also access to culture and information. Public institutions communicate with their residents and visitors through various channels. Yet, what about those who cannot access this information such as people with sensory disabilities or, as is common in the EU, people with different linguistic backgrounds? A way to provide universal access to audiovisual products is using automatic subtitling, an AI-based technology that automatically generates subtitles for pre-recorded and live audiovisual products. Aim: I will address the role of automatic subtitling in enhancing the accessibility of communication in public institutions and its potential impact on the well-being and civic engagement of citizens. Urgency: Advances in artificial intelligence have improved drastically the quality of live automatic subtitling, but we do not know how this technology impacts its users in several communicative situations, since there are no reception studies on this matter. Approach: This is an empirical and interdisciplinary study mixing ethnographic and experimental approaches. Using both qualitative and quantitative data collection tools, this is the first study investigating the interaction between live automatic subtitling and its end users. Innovation and impact: 1) Research into a new, unclaimed research avenue; 2) Interdisciplinary approach with data collection tools never used before on media accessibility; 3) Determine the impact of technology on reception of media accessibility; 4) Results will directly improve several stakeholders’ lives; 5) Results will be directly applicable to professional practice, promoting knowledge-based economy.

Mots clés : translation, automatic subtitles, media accessibility

Participants :
- Université d'Anvers (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 191760.0 €
Projet TEMPA-3D (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

TEMPA-3D offers a transdisciplinary approach to study endangered archaeological collections from Kamyana Mohyla, Ukraine and Rogaland, Norway. By fusing photogrammetry and experimental archaeology TEMPA-3D will initiate new research subfield and make an impact on the broader discourse about Mesolithic portable art. The study addresses the lack of targeted investigations of how the engraved ornaments were made, and moves beyond state-of-the-art by developing a method for linking specific surface modifications to particular engraving techniques. By attending art as a process of making, this project will contribute to our understanding of the complex nature of human craft-making and creativity – a topical subject in present society. The main objective is to assess the engraving techniques used for producing the Mesolithic portable art. The chosen case studies, each representing late Mesolithic fishing societies, reveal similarities and variation in art-making technologies and symbolic expressions during the 8-4th millennium BC. Through its innovative methodology, TEMPA-3D will analyse and contextualise 60 engraved sand- and soapstone artefacts. Through a three-stage process it will develop a fluent workflow augmenting the information that can be obtained about the engravings: 1) Artefacts’ individual biographies will be analysed by means of recent advancements in photogrammetric submillimetre 3D modelling, developed and patented by the PF. 2) A dataset that links specific engraving features to particular techniques will be obtained through actualistic experiments. 10 experimentally made replicas will be produced and 3D modelled. 3) To interpret the techniques that were employed by the prehistoric crafters, archaeological and experimental 3D datasets will be compared. The outcome of this multi-analytic study will be an open access high-resolution digital 3D catalogue and a visual referential database, for the benefit of the archaeological community and future research

Mots clés : prehistoric art archaeology experimental archaeology photogrammetry for cultural heritage mesolithic

Participants :
- Université de York (Royaume-Uni) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Université de Stavanger (Norvège) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 210911.04 €
Projet 15MINCITY (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Over recent years, the novel concept of the 15-minute city is gaining traction across Europe and beyond due to the numerous benefits that it can yield for local communities. Although it builds upon previous urban planning movements and ideas, repackaging them has contributed to extra attention when re-inventing the desired neighbourhood structure at this time of global resource constraints, climate change, vulnerable settlements, pandemics, and social exclusion. The concept promotes a proximity-based approach in neighbourhoods planning and design by which accessing daily needs for locals is guaranteed in a 15-minute walk/bicycle ride of their home. While the fundamentals of the concepts are promising, a prescriptive nature, like its previous counterparts, does not allow for understanding how popular it is for people and replicable across various contexts. In fact, much less is known about the applicability of this new approach with regard to diverse contexts and clients. The present research project will thus shed light on exploring the way people perceive this novel planning and design approach in various urban contexts worldwide. This research follows a case-study design, with an in-depth analysis of public perception, that is based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The empirical study on context-sensitivity is conducted using predefined developed and developing cities represented by Brussels and Tehran, respectively. These findings contribute in several ways to our understanding of the 15-minute city concept and provide a basis for future applications, having multiple scientific, social, and environmental impacts on global communities in long term.

Mots clés : the 15 minute city public perception accessibility urban mobility, proximity sustainable neighbourhood urban planning and design developing countries

Participants :
- Université d'Anvers (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 191760.0 €
Projet RespiriCO (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Despite the concept that infectious diseases are usually caused by a single pathogen, in reality, we are constantly challenged by multiple pathogens and growing evidence indicates that co-infections are a much more common event than clinically perceived. The respiratory tract is the first point of contact with airborne pathogens and the most common site for infections. Hence, human respiratory infections contribute to substantial morbidity and economic losses worldwide, resulting in approximately 2.5 million deaths each year. Recent findings have shed light on a crucial factor in the severity of respiratory infections: the role of co-infections. Considering the public health importance of respiratory infections and the scarcity of research on the impact of co-infections in the balance of immune defences, this project proposes to study the in vitro and in vivo effects of diverse parasitic, viral, and bacterial co-infections on different types of immune cells in the lungs, and comprehensively characterize tissue local microenvironment and host-pathogen interactions. Additionally, we will investigate the immunomodulatory effects of protozoan infections on vaccines and chemotherapy treatments and their impact on the protection against targeted pathogens. Objectives include: elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying immunological responses in the lungs and the susceptibility to co-infections; investigate altered immune responses of vaccines and the changes in the response to co-infection after chemotherapy of the primary infection. In the end, this study will allow deeper understanding of respiratory co-infections that could pave the way for the development of improved diagnostic and prognostic techniques, as well as the potential for proposing supportive treatments and vaccines. Notwithstanding, the development of this project will open up new avenues for future co-infection research and propel the fellow towards establishment as a successful independent researcher.

Mots clés : infectious diseases, co infection, immunology, microbiology

Participants :
- Université d'Anvers (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 191760.0 €
Projet NEUROMUSE (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Time flies when we are immersed in creative activities, often causing us to lose track of it. Creativity is a complex phenomenon that thrives at the intersection of novelty and usefulness; a golden ratio where innovative ideas meet real-world value. However, most scientific research to date has studied creativity as a single construct. Additionally, previous research neglected to address how the artist’s intention enables creativity. NEUROMUSE will bridge both gaps through an in-depth investigation of the relationship between the feeling of time passage and musical creativity. A novel Instructed Musical Creativity Paradigm (IMCP) is introduced, in which musicians are asked to create their own musical improvisations after being instructed to be or not be creative, followed by an assessment of their improvisations by an audience. IMCP uses time estimation to uncover how creativity alters time perception by affecting neurophysiological dynamics. NEUROMUSE proposes a comprehensive multi-method approach combining neurophysiology (electroencephalography, heart rate, skin conductance) and computational modelling, to reveal the key neurocognitive mechanisms behind the generation and aesthetic appreciation of music. NEUROMUSE involves the Multisensory and Temporal Processing Laboratory at Panteion University and the Psychophysiology Laboratory of the University Mental Health Research Institute in Athens (Greece), led by world-recognized experts and equipped will the relevant physiological instruments. NEUROMUSE will provide me with the key skills to enhance my career prospects, by building a competitive profile in an underfunded area like the arts. Thus, I will be better positioned to pursue funding opportunities and establish my own research group in the future. Ultimately, understanding how we generate and perceive art is crucial in a world where creativity is increasingly imperative, driving productivity and innovation in academia and industry.

Mots clés : musical creativity, electrophysiology, time perception, eeg, musicians

Participants :
- Université Panteion de sciences sociales et politiques (Grèce) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 181423.68 €
Projet WINSAFE (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Concerns about trust, safety, and fault tolerance are becoming more prevalent in safety-critical systems such as autonomous robots and vehicles due to their use to accomplish specific tasks or missions under challenging conditions. Therefore, research into fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control (FTC) is essential for enhancing the resilient autonomy and operability of robots and autonomous vehicles required by these conditions. Additionally, the nonlinearities inherent to the dynamical model of such systems contribute to the complexity of the control system, necessitating the development of new advanced analysis and design tools capable of dealing with them. In light of these demands, the Weighted linearization for Increased Safety (WINSAFE) is an innovative research project with the ambitious aim of integrating the novel weighted linearization technique into fault diagnosis and FTC algorithms. This will be the foundation and inspiration for a new generation of techniques that can significantly enhance performance and improve the stability properties of highly nonlinear systems. IDE at UiS will provide the means for developing high-quality research, which will have a strong impact on both state-of-the-art control system engineering and my future career opportunities. In this context, the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) postdoctoral fellowship will allow me to obtain invaluable knowledge about weighted linearization and modern control theory. The dissemination, exploitation, and communication activities will reach different communities, e.g., the academic and the industry ones, garnering interest for future collaborations based on positive project outcomes.  In particular, the main research objectives of the project are:  - Integration of the weighted linearization technique into active FTC algorithms;  - Enhancement of the weighted linearization-based algorithms;  - Experimental evaluation of the designed algorithms;

Mots clés : fault diagnosis fault tolerant control nonlinear systems

Participants :
- Université de Stavanger (Norvège) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 251578.56 €