Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet PrivHealth (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

PrivHealth aims to establish the first history of the process of privatisation of healing knowledge. Combining methods from history of knowledge and tools from computational history, PrivHealth demonstrates how a legal framework that guaranteed that healing knowledge could be kept as a private asset arose from colonial exploitation and knowledge circulation between 1700 and 1900. The results of PrivHealth will provide a nuanced historical framework that will both shape academic historical debates and inform discussions over intellectual property rights in the medical and pharmaceutical fields at a societal level.

Mots clés : history of knowledge, healing, medicine, privatisation, 1700 1900, computational history

Participants :
- Université de Lund (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 206887.68 €
Projet TMAM (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

People need to invest tremendous effort and motivational resources to ensure that all the valuable things they have will be maintained, on both an individual level (e.g., family, households, health) and a societal level (e.g., public infrastructures, the natural environment). Nevertheless, little is known about people’s motivation to routinely maintain, nurture, and care for what they have. Psychological theory on motivation has focused on approach (e.g., starting a new relationship) and avoidance goals (e.g., avoiding separation), and left maintenance goals understudied . Addressing this gap in the literature, the current project introduces and tests a first general model of goal-directed maintenance. Instead of increasing gains or avoiding negative outcomes, maintenance goals are used to stabilize positive current states. When maintaining one’s existing relationship, for instance, people are not only avoiding separation; they are engaged in a set of acts that stabilizes their relationship in a manner that keeps acute threats like separation at bay. In a similar manner, environmentalism is not only the aspiration to slow down global warming (an avoidance goal), but also, and perhaps more importantly, the aspiration that humanity will learn to maintain a stable relationship with the biological world. The proposed empirical research will combine lab studies using implicit behavioral measures with experience sampling methods (ESM). The results of this research will lay the foundation for the study of maintenance goals as distinct from approach and avoidance goals, shedding light on processes involved in the most pressing socio-political issues of our time.

Mots clés : goal regulation motivation maintenance cybernetics

Participants :
- KU Leuven (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 191760.0 €
Projet OXYCON (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Industrial and municipal biological wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) generate vast amounts of sludge (SS) as a by-product. The total annual production of sludge currently surpasses 13 million tonnes of dry solids (DS) in the EU, even excluding sludge production from industrial on-site WWTP. Sewage sludge (SS) mainly contains non-toxic organic matter that can be converted to value-added compounds such as carboxylic acids, alcohols, and energy carriers. Furthermore, macronutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus and micronutrients (e.g., potassium and iron) that are essential for crop growth are present as well, making sludge an interesting organic fertiliser. However, mainly depending on the composition of the wastewater and the pollutant’s biodegradability, SS typically contains various potential hazardous contaminants (OMP) such as adsorbable halogenated organic compounds (e.g., PFAS, AOX), phenols, sulfates, aromatics, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) (e.g., antibiotics, endocrine disruptors), pathogens (viruses, bacteria, etc.), microplastics and heavy metals (HM). It is clear that there is an urgent need for technological strategies that tackle both the increasing presence of contaminants in sludge and allow efficient resource recovery from sludge. However, current alternative sludge management strategies fall short to properly respond to the growing demands of a sustainable society and unfortunately, a significant amount of sludge is incinerated or (even worse) landfilled.OXYCON will therefore explore the use of micro-aeration as an innovative technique to simultaneously (i) degrade selected OMP, (ii) remove HMs, and (iii) enhance carboxylic acid production as biobased chemical building block during (subsequent) anaerobic fermentation of the treated sludge. The potential of air will be researched via two different techniques: air-assisted ultrasonication and micro-aeration-based anaerobic fermentation.

Mots clés : anaerobic fermentation, sludge management, organic micropollutants, heavy metals

Participants :
- KU Leuven (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 191760.0 €
Projet GenClassifier4CL (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Learning continually from non-stationary streams of data is a key feature of natural intelligence, but an unsolved problem in deep learning. Particularly challenging for deep neural networks is the problem of "class-incremental learning", whereby a network must learn to distinguish classes that are not observed together. In deep learning, the default approach to classification is learning discriminative classifiers. This works great in the i.i.d. setting when all classes are available simultaneously, but when new classes must be learned incrementally, successful training of discriminative classifiers depends on workarounds such as storing data or generative replay. In a radical shift of gears, here I propose to instead address class-incremental learning with generative classification. Key advantage is that generative classifiers – unlike discriminative classifiers – do not compare classes during training, but only during inference (i.e., when making a classification decision). As a proof-of-concept, in preliminary work I showed that a naïve implementation of a generative classifier, with a separate variational autoencoder model per class and likelihood estimation through importance sampling, outperforms comparable generative replay methods. To improve the efficiency, scalability, and performance of this generative classifier, I propose four further modifications: (1) move the generative modelling objective from the raw inputs to an intermediate network layer; (2) share the encoder network between classes, but not necessarily the decoder networks; (3) use fewer importance samples for unlikely classes; and (4) make classification decisions hierarchical. This way, during my MSCA fellowship hosted in the group of Prof Tinne Tuytelaars, I hope to develop generative classification into a practical, efficient, and scalable state-of-the-art deep learning method for class-incremental learning.

Mots clés : continual learning deep neural networks catastrophic forgetting generative classification class incremental learning

Participants :
- KU Leuven (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 191760.0 €
Projet CURVEO (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Heterogeneous catalysis has made a wide range of highly functionalized materials available to us and therefore is an important contributor to economy and society. Ethylene epoxidation is a keystone process of the chemical industry, because it produces one of the building block chemicals, ethylene oxide, from which a range of high-value chemicals can be manufactured. However, product formation competes with complete combustion to CO2, and the process is nowadays the largest CO2 emitter of the European industry. The reaction mechanisms that lead to either EO or CO2 formation, as well as the role of the catalytic surface, are still not determined. The project will implement a new approach to study the mechanism of ethylene oxidation under realistic reaction conditions, while making use of surface-sensitive and atomically accurate techniques. We will employ curved single crystals with tuneable surface structures as model catalysts to unveil site-specific reaction pathways for ethylene oxidation under both UHV and reaction conditions. We will explore the formation of different intermediate species, and determine the selectivity of the ethylene oxidation reaction. This approach significantly exceeds the current state-of-the-art, setting a new paradigm for the understanding of catalytic systems. The impact on academic research and industrial applications will be substantial.

Mots clés : operando catalysis near ambient pressure xps selective oxidation novel model catalysts structure sensitivity

Participants :
- Université du Pays basque (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 165312.96 €
- Université de Lund (Suède) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet Microsonic (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The EU is a world leader in the transport industry, especially aviation. It is predicted that the number of flights in Europe will increase to 13 million in 2028, 2.6 times more than those in 2020. This remarkable number of flights will place airworthiness at the heart of technology development which makes regular inspection, timely diagnosis of technical problems and optimising design and construction of aircraft components of paramount importance. Superior mechanical properties, especially a high strength-to-weight ratio make composites an ideal candidate for the construction of aircraft parts. However, detection and evaluation to maintain composite structural integrity are particularly challenging since they are inhomogeneous and anisotropic. Although Ultrasonic Guided Waves (UGWs) have exhibited strong potential for detecting damage signatures in composites, nucleation of defects and damage propagation occurring within numerous locations at several length scales make it difficult to track all the damage sites and mechanisms which is vital for improving composites design and production. Thus, understanding UGW interaction with complex anisotropic structures of composites that can be accessed considering composite microstructure is a fundamental issue that remains unresolved. Microsonic will bring a fellow with expertise in micromechanics and damage modelling together with the host institution carrying leading know-how in UGW interaction modelling to investigate the effect of composite microstructure, i.e. fiber size, volume fraction and distribution and micro-damage on wave propagation and establish the next generation of Ultrasonic (US)-data-driven computational frameworks developed based on the micromechanics outputs for composites damage mode identification. Microsonic will provide safer flights by establishing a robust tool for online monitoring of aircraft's structural health state and boost Europe to the forefront of the inspection and maintenance market.

Mots clés : structural health monitoring, micromechanical simulations, damage diagnosis, ultrasound guided waves, complex composite structures, ultrasonic data driven algorithm

Participants :
- KU Leuven (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 175920.0 €
Projet BIPOLAR (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Earth’s polar regions are warming at unprecedented rates. Antarctica is experiencing rapid regional warming, and the Arctic has warmed up to four times the global average. In response, vascular plants have experienced shifts in species’ abundance and distribution. Polar regions host large richness of cryptogam species (bryophytes and lichens), which are essential ecosystem regulators that contribute to nutrient cycling, soil moisture and energy balance. Despite these crucial roles and expectations that cryptogams can be seriously affected by climate change, taxonomical challenges hinder our understanding of their current trends. BIPOLAR will tackle this knowledge gap by quantifying polar cryptogams’ climatic niches to understand their potential for climate change adaptation. Both poles contain similar habitats shaped by extreme conditions, but the Arctic is warming more rapidly than Antarctica, and ecological processes have been more extensively documented there. BIPOLAR is an interdisciplinary project that will provide a window into the future of Antarctic cryptogams by using the Arctic as a sentinel region via bipolar cryptogam species (i.e., present at the two poles). BIPOLAR will combine a variety of methods and data (i.e., palaeoecology, open-access datasets, fieldwork and Bayesian statistics), and employ historical and current data to inform future projections. The three objectives of BIPOLAR are: 1) Compiling and standardising bipolar cryptogam data from multiple sources, 2) Quantifying past, present and future macro- and micro-climatic niches, and identifying winner and loser cryptogam species, and 3) Validating species occurrence and climate data through fieldwork. This research will provide a foundation for conservation as these regions become progressively more ice- and snow-free, while strengthening currently fragmented Arctic and Antarctic research links and bringing together the polar research community.

Mots clés : climate change, bryophytes, lichens, polar regions, arctic, antarctic, climatic niches, conservation, cryptogams

Participants :
- Université de Copenhague (Danemark) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Espagne) — Partner, associated partner, Organismes publics (hors enseignement & recherche), subvention : 0.0 €
- CERCA Institution (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 206641.2 €
Projet Complexi (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

This research proposal investigates the multifaceted role of complexity in decision-making and social preferences through a series of survey experiments. By examining how narrative complexity, task complexity, and social complexity influence individual choices and behaviors, the study aims to uncover the mechanisms by which complexity affects decision-making processes. The experiments will simulate realistic environments, such as online shopping and economic games, to provide empirical insights into how people navigate complex scenarios. The project will specifically explore whether complexity drives individuals towards default and heuristic-based decisions or rather increases noise in decisions, leading to suboptimal choices in either case. Additionally, it will investigate how accountability and narrative framing can mitigate or exacerbate the effects of complexity. By understanding these dynamics, the research aims to provide actionable insights for improving communication strategies, enhancing consumer decision-making environments, and fostering cooperative behaviors in social and economic contexts.

Mots clés : behavioral economics, experimental economics, complexity, narratives, decision making, survey experiments

Participants :
- Université Koç (Turquie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 149365.2 €
Projet SALSA (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The reduction of global warming, decreasing emissions from combustion engines, and sustainable energy are the imperatives of our times. Thus, the demand for high-energy density batteries is increasing in an effort to accelerate global electrification. Currently, electric vehicles (EVs) rely on lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, however, there is an urgent requirement for longer range EVs that can truly displace combustion engines. To do this, an increase in battery energy density and cycle life is sought by developing materials with improved capacity compared to commercial materials. A promising alternative to Li-ion technologies are lithium-sulphur (Li-S) batteries thanks to their high theoretical capacity. However, pure Li metal anode in Li-S batteries may be a potential safety risk due to the formation of Li dendrites which may result in an internal short-circuit. Alternative anode materials may eliminate this issue; among all the anodes, Si-based candidates show one of the highest theoretical capacities. The application of lithiated Si and S as the anode and cathode (LiSi-S) has not yet shown high capacity and viability due to a lack of material investigation. The goal of this project is to develop a novel S cathode, lithiated Si anode and assemble a LiSi-S battery with a capacity of at least 600 mAh/g and a cycle life of >500 cycles. The anode will be based on Si nanowires in order to mitigate the volumetric expansion during cycling. The cathode will have incorporated S in highly porous material to improve the cycle stability and suppress electrode material damage during cycling. All materials used will satisfy conditions of sustainability, low-cost, and safety. The ambitious project will be conducted in three different research groups in Ireland, Czechia, and Slovakia. This prestigious fellowship will provide a platform of renowned subject experts, and exposure to international collaborators will provide a unique opportunity to grow as an independent researcher.

Mots clés : next generation batteries sulphur cathode silicon anode

Participants :
- Université de Limerick (Irlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 199694.4 €
- Université des technologies de Brno (Rép. Tchèque) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet KineticTheoryQGP (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

A hot expanding environment is produced in heavy-ion (e.g., lead-lead or gold-gold) collisions in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The produced system expands and cools down, turning from a phase with liberated quarks and gluons, called quark-gluon plasma (QGP), to hadrons, detectable in the detectors. The QGP behaves like a nearly perfect fluid that can be modeled via relativistic hydrodynamics with the smallest observed shear and bulk viscosity over entropy density. In the course of the collective expansion, the degrees-of-freedom interaction develops correlation, reflected in the correlation among final hadrons. Models based on hydrodynamics successfully describe the observed correlations in the experiments.  Observing a similar correlation among final hadrons emitted from much smaller collision systems, e.g., proton-proton and proton-lead, has triggered debates about the nature of the collectivity in such scenarios. Studies show that the models based on hydrodynamics become less predictive in smaller system collisions. In these systems, one does not expect a thermalized medium, and a framework beyond hydrodynamics is required to explain the true underlying mechanism in collective expansion. The main objective of the current project is to prepare a computational tool in the form of an event generator based on the kinetic theory with isotropization time approximation. Among an extensive list of heavy-ion collective models, this event generator will be unique in explaining small systems that behave particle-like and large systems that act fluid-like in a single framework. The model can bridge the experimental measurements and theoretical studies to quantitatively analyze the fluid-like/particle-like nature of large and small system collisions.

Mots clés : relativistic heavy ion collision, quark gluon plasma, kinetic theory

Participants :
- Université de Copenhague (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 230774.4 €
- Université de Stavanger (Norvège) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet CryOVAlue (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

With the growing international demand for donor ova, Spain and Ukraine have developed into leading suppliers of donor ova for the burgeoning ova donation industry in Europe. The banking of ova and their transnational shipping is the subject of fierce political and ethical debate among policymakers and medical professionals in Europe. While selling human ova is illegal, countries interpret the relevant legislation differently and find regulatory loopholes, which results in an emergence of market relations around the exchange of ova. This growing transnational ova market makes Europe a key nodal point for understanding the process of valuation of human reproductive materials. However, a comprehensive research project on the economic value of ova under different regulatory regimes is currently lacking. CryOVAlue addresses the field’s knowledge gap by asking how the model of ova banking in Spain and Ukraine influences the valuation of ova produced for market exchange. While most of the literature on ARTs focuses on the cultural understanding of reproductive technologies, their restrictions, and experiences resulting from them, CryOVAlue develops a political economic approach. By conducting comparative analysis of the ova banking in Spain and Ukraine, CryOVAlue explores how the value of ova is affected by the countries political and economic position in Europe, and how it shapes the well-being of ova donors. Moreover, CryOVAlue investigates how the Spanish and Ukrainian ova banking industries are impacted by the war, and how they generate value within rapidly shifting regulatory regimes, markets, and state borders. This project is based on multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork, employing participatory observations in the ova banks and interviews with medical professionals, coordinators, couriers, and ova providers, in Spain and Ukraine.

Mots clés : ova donation, ova banking, ova providers, assisted reproduction, value, reproductive labor, spain, ukraine, war, political economy, altruism, commercialization, reproductive biomaterials, bioeconomy

Participants :
- Université autonome de Barcelone (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 181152.96 €
- Conseil supérieur de la recherche scientifique (Espagne) — Partner, associated partner, Recherche, subvention : 0.0 €