Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet CarboPore (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Aging is one of the greatest mysteries in biology and a considerable contemporary societal challenge. Despite extensive research, the etiology of aging remains poorly understood. Most current theories focus on DNA damage as the root cause of aging. However, this view has been challenged by discovery that oxidative damage to proteins alone is sufficient to recapitulate molecular and cellular hallmarks of aging. In this project, we aim to elucidate the mechanism through which oxidatively damaged/carbonylated proteins lead to age-associated cellular dysfunction. Since misfolded, oxidatively damaged proteins form aggregates, and protein aggregates contribute to aging of various tissues, as well as lead to damage of cellular membranes, we hypothesize that age-associated increase in oxidative damage to proteins binding of the resulting protein aggregates to cellular membranes lead to membrane damage and permeabilization. To test this hypothesis, we will characterize oxidatively damaged oligomers and aggregates and assess their association with cellular membranes. Membrane damage will be evaluated upon its exposure to oxidized oligomers in vitro, using artificial lipid vesicles, and in living bacterial and mammalian cells. Interdisciplinary approaches will be used, including advanced imaging techniques such as atomic force microscopy, stimulated emission depletion microscopy and Fourier transform infrared microscopy and spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and various biochemical techniques. During the fellowship, the applicant will acquire skills necessary for reaching a leading independent position, basic entrepreneurial experience and will be given an opportunity to promptly commercialize her research. Moreover, the fellowship will lead to creation of several new sustainable international networks.

Mots clés : ageing, oxidative stress, protein misfolding, protein carbonylation, protein membrane interaction, membrane permeabilization, membrane integrity

Participants :
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences (Croatie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 147463.68 €
Projet TREES4CLIMA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Agriculture is a major driver of deforestation and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Meeting the increasing demand for land and agricultural products, without compromising the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agenda, will require a sustainable transformation of agricultural systems. Among the solutions, agroforestry systems which integrate trees, crops and livestock on farms, without requiring additional agricultural land, provide adaptation and mitigation to climate change and improve livelihoods. Despite its benefits, agroforestry is often not accounted for in measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) systems, which are a requirement for fulfilling countries’ climate goals under the Paris Agreement. If agroforestry is not included, incentives for leveraging on-farm trees for addressing climate change will be limited. Three scientific and technical gaps prevent the access of agroforestry to climate-finance: 1) Lack of accessible approaches for the representation of agroforestry in MRV systems; 2) Shortfall of data and tailored methods for carbon accounting in agroforestry systems; 3) Institutional barriers that withhold agroforestry from access to MRV and climate finance. The aim of this project is to develop and field-test robust, cost-effective approaches to account for carbon in agroforestry systems and enable innovative environments for climate finance. Three working packages (WP) will contribute to fill the existing gaps: WP1) Accessible detection, classification and representation of agroforestry systems; WP2) Development of methods for rapid, non-destructive quantification of carbon in agroforestry; WP3) Enablement of novel environments for agroforestry-based climate finance. The project outcomes will provide not only accessible tools and robust methods to facilitate carbon accounting in agroforestry, but also a link to climate finance. This combination will generate a multidisciplinary approach to catalyze agroforestry-based climate action.

Mots clés : agroforestry, carbon sequestration, climate change, measurement, reporting and verification  mrv  systems, remote sensing, deep learning, machine learning, distributed ledger technologies  dlts

Participants :
- University of California System (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of Copenhagen (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 286921.92 €
Projet MODFaBe (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Agriculture is one of the sectors most affected by climate change, especially in lower latitude areas, were climate change will result in increased temperature, reduced rainfall, and increased frequency of extreme weather events such as floods and droughts. Water and food nexus, often embedded in seemingly endless ecological, social and political interactions, are context-dependent, socially constructed and technically uncertain. Modelling techniques have been recognized, also in social sciences, as effective computational techniques to simulate social influence processes in human-nature systems from interactions within community of individual agents. The aim of the proposal is to reduce the vulnerability and improve the resilience of multifunctional irrigation systems to climate change scenarios by modelling individual farmer’ behaviour and informing managers and decision-makers about the effectiveness of different types of interventions. Through the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods and evidence-based analysis from social learning process (survey sample, interviews, statistical analyses, behavioural modelling simulations, artificial intelligence), insights are collected on how individual farmer and key stakeholders behave with respect to climate change adaptation in Coupled Human Natural Systems (CHNS), such as hydrosocial systems (e.g. multifunctional irrigation systems). A key question in today climate change adaptation research will be addressed: Can behaviour modelling help farmers to promote actions and anticipate decisions to adapt to climate change and become more sustainable and resilient? The assessment of farmer’ behavioural on climate change adaptation measures will be conducted on the Muzza irrigation district, located southeast of the city of Milan (Northern Italy). Modelling human behaviour can be used as a safe laboratory for policy experimentation, testing the effectiveness of strategies and policy measures on climate change.

Mots clés : irrigation, farmer, climate change, human nature systems, modelling, behaviour

Participants :
- Politecnico di Milano (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 171473.28 €
Projet NanoGraphInk (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Aim: Development of conductive graphene ink for printed flexible transparent applications. State-of-the-art: Advancing of printed electronics via high quality graphene inks for highly flexible displays of higher energy class and better visibility, and next generation products as wearables and transparent displays. Innovation: First graphene/carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and graphene nanobuds conductive inks. Essential study to warrant that final printed circuits demonstrate zero nanoparticles emissions. Excellence: Exploitation of graphene’s unique properties. High interdisciplinary nature linking also directly research with industry. Capacities: I have multidisciplinary background, advanced skills and extensive experience in synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials, excellent track record. Prof. Ferrari’s expertise ensures proper supervision. Cambridge possesses essential instrumentation and is excellent host institution. "TheGrapheneBox" secures commercialization of inks. Impact: Gain skills for advanced characterization techniques as TEM, recognized as an expert in graphene inks, raise my profile by joining Cambridge, expand my network. Dealing with the hot market of printed electronics, commercialized products will find a direct industrial use. Use of foreground: Proper dissemination/exploitation of results in form of conference participations, patents, commercialized products, and publications at high impact factor journals warranted by project’s excellence. Respect to intellectual property. Follow Horizon 2020 priority for open science. Rapid communication of the outcomes by a set of measures. Implementation: Solid work plan. Use of CQDs and functionalized fullerenes for graphene’s dispersion in water. Modifiers tuning ink’s features to acquire proper rheological properties and stable colloidal suspensions. Inkjet and roll-to-roll printing employed. Films integrated in devices evaluating their applicability. Proper tasks’ allocation and mitigation actions.

Mots clés : graphene ink, printed electronics, flexible display devices, next generation electronics, inkjet printing, roll to roll, nanoparticles emissions, carbon quantum dots, fullerenes, water dispersion

Participants :
- University of Cambridge (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet NextGen Airliners (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Air transportation is a crucial contributor to the world economy, and thus its continued growth is essential. However, environmental impact and the increase in fuel prices make sustainable aviation a challenge. To address this challenge, we propose to develop state-of-the-art computational tools for the design optimization of next-generation airliners with unprecedented fuel efficiency. We will achieve this by leveraging the expertise of the researcher on high-fidelity computational design of aircraft, together with Airbus’ vast experience in practical aircraft design, and the network of academics at ISAE. The proposed research is expected to make a lasting impact at Airbus by implementing new computational tools, and by developing design concepts for the next-generation of aircraft.

Mots clés : aircraft design, multidisciplinary design optimization, numerical optimization, sustainable aviation

Participants :
- Institut supérieur de l'aéronautique et de l'espace (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 138807.0 €
Projet BioMIC-FUEL (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Algal biofuels have the potential to provide a sustainable carbon-neutral source to fossil fuels, however the scaling up of algal systems is economically challenging. Here we propose a bio inspired approach to exploiting light-matter interaction by understanding and mimicking the optical properties of corals. We aim to inspire the development of improved photonic materials that can be used to maximise algal growth in order to radically transform the algal biofuel sector. The specific objectives are to 1) explore the in vivo light field, optical properties and photosynthetic efficiency of a range of coral species from different light regimes, 2) understand the nanophotonic and structural properties of corals underlying the optimised light modulation and 3) apply the biophotonic insight to design novel photonic materials for the improved growth of microalgae. The proposal is highly interdisciplinary involving optical and photonic characterisation, photosynthesis research and the fabrication of novel materials. The successful implementation of this project will have a high societal impact, through improving the biofuel sector and working towards carbon-neutral fuel sources.


Participants :
- University of California System (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of Cambridge (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 251857.8 €
Projet K-theory (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Mathematics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Algebraic $K$-theory -- Arithmetic and Topology. The goal of the proposed project is to use recent results in algebraic K-theory to further the connection between algebraic K-theory on the one hand, and arithmetic and topology on the other. This will split the proposed project into two parts: The one exhibiting connections to topology, more precisely the topology of manifolds and Poincaré duality spaces, and the other exhibiting connections to arithmetic geometry, more precisely gaining access at explicit calculations of K-theory groups of (spectral) schemes. Both main goals build on previous work in which I played a role, on the one hand establishing the foundations of a new ``real algebraic K-theory spectrum'' which leads in particular to a solution of a conjecture of Hesselholt--Madsen, and on the other hand a recent result in algebraic K-theory which proves the existence of a ring spectrum, the circle-dot ring, which determines the failure of excision in K-theory. The pure existence (and some formal properties) of this ring have already been exploited for many applications, and the goal of this part of the project is to make the circle-dot ring more explicit and use this new knowledge for explicit computations.


Participants :
- University of Copenhagen (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 219312.0 €
Projet HECTOR (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Aligned with the United Nations SDGs 3 and 6: ‘Good Health and Well-being’ and ‘Clean Water and Sanitation’ respectively, and Stockholm convention regulations on restricted contaminants in drinking water, removal of Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is a global challenge of twenty-first century. Traditional PFAS decontamination involving adsorption on granular activated carbon (GAC) as state-of-the-art method suffers from slow kinetics, interference during adsorption and high energy footprint of regeneration. These pitfalls foster the search for alternative energy-efficient adsorbents that rely upon regenerable adsorption. Development of underexplored as well as new generations of hydrophobic metal-organic frameworks (HMOFs) and derived hybrid composites have the potential to provide a better solution for PFAS removal. Incisive structure-function insights on PFAS adsorbent design will lead to benchmark PFAS adsorbents a priori, stemming from porous and modularly built HMOFs. Optimization of operating conditions/adsorbent columns design will synergistically maximize PFAS removal efficiencies (quantitatively >2-3 times over GAC) in order to decrypt the key structural chemistry-PFAS adsorption relationships in three generations of HMOFs to enable them emerge as benchmark materials. Whereas my current research theme focuses upon ‘Physical chemistry and electrochemistry of metal-organic solids and surfaces’, I will complement my expertise by training through research mainly on a) hydrophobic MOF composites with surface fabrication and/or defect chemistry, b) custom-designed PFAS decontamination-friendly columns, c) simulation tools to map PFAS-adsorbent interactions during my MSCA IF at TU Munich. Long-term career goal set at being a world leader in Purification Chemistry, this fellowship will be decisive for me to achieve academic independence, aided by research career start-up grants leading to tenure track professorships within EU.


Participants :
- Technical University of Munich (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 174806.4 €
Projet ArchBiMod (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Archaeological data is often biased and incomplete. This is a well-known issue for most archaeologists. Although studies of specific sites and small regions can have this into account, the effect of this problem increases exponentially as archaeologists try to expand their chronological and geographic frame, and try to answer questions related to general dynamics and broad human processes, such as the European Neolithisation. Moreover, the increase of archaeological activity in the past years, along with the heterogeneity of archaeological methods and the accumulation of legacy datasets, often collected with specific purposes, adds great difficulty to a detailed analysis of the interrelation of similar processes through different geographic regions. In this regard, synthetic and computational archaeology, because they usually rely on large datasets and focus their research in broad-frame dynamics, are particularly sensitive to this kind of problems. ArchBiMod will address this issue to improve archaeological inference and interpretation of wide-range dynamics. This project will perform a comprehensive Agent-Based simulation, which will have into account different aspects related to how biases in the archaeological record affect hypothesis building. It will do so in two stages. First, it will assess common issues, such as record formation, record loss or differential research, and then it will add to those common factors specific research topics related the demography of the European Neolithisation. By doing this, ArchBiMod will build a modular open and easy-to-use model which can then be used by other archaeologists to assess their own problems, and enlarged with different research topics through collaboration. Ultimately, ArchBiMod will bring a significant contribution in two ways: by providing a thorough and comprehensive analysis of archaeological bias factors and by creating an open and useful tool which will improve how archaeologists understand the past.

Mots clés : agent based modelling  archaeological bias  demography  14c dates  neolithisation

Participants :
- University of Cambridge (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet MABVOC (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Arctic is warming at approximately twice the global speed, which could result in drastic changes in the arctic biosphere as well as its potential feedbacks to the atmosphere. Several important but uncertain feedbacks are related to biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) emissions from arctic plants and high organic soils. BVOC influence climate systems through changing atmospheric compositions (oxidant and aerosols); however, the magnitudes and directions of these feedbacks are still poorly quantified for the Arctic. This project, MABVOC, aims to quantify BVOC emissions for the pan-Arctic region by using a process-based dynamic ecosystem model (LPJ-GUESS), combined with leaf, soil and ecosystem levels observations from the Arctic, and to further predict potential changes of emissions under climate change. A series of model developments will be proposed in this project to explicitly consider arctic plants emission features as well as soil BVOC dynamics. The host group, conducting large and novel field observations about arctic BVOC, will provide needed field data and frontier understanding that will be implemented in the model. I will combine my expertise in arctic ecosystem modelling to numerically link BVOC fluxes with different ecosystem processes, which enables me to provide quantifications of different factors’ impacts on emissions to the host group. The high degree of complementary expertise between the host and I will guarantee the quality and smoothness of this project. The updated emission estimates from the Arctic will pave a way for reassessing arctic BVOC-mediated feedbacks to the climate system. Furthermore, the proposed model developments in this project will be transferable to the larger modelling community to reduce uncertainties in arctic applications. The integration of experiences between field investigators and ecosystem modellers in this project will lead to a productive and valuable exchange of knowledge on both sides.

Mots clés : arctic ecosystem, biogenic volatile organic compounds, vegetation dynamics, soil biogeochemistry, lpj guess, ecosystem modelling, climate change, carbon budget

Participants :
- University of Copenhagen (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 200194.8 €
Projet ARCDIV (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Arctic oceans are undergoing major changes in many of its fundamental physical constituents, such as a shift from multi- to first-year ice, shorter ice-covered periods, increasing freshwater runoff, and warming and alteration in the distribution of water masses. Such changes, often resulting from anthropogenic stressors, have profound impacts on the chemical and biological processes that are at the root of Arctic marine food webs, influencing their structure, function and biodiversity. Yet, much research addressing these on-going changes is practically and financially limited to local scales or rather exploratory by nature, making it imperative to better characterise and understand the structural and functional diversity of ecological systems that contribute to the marine Arctic across larger scales. We aim to offer more insight in the distributions and abundance of macrobenthic species in Arctic seascapes, e.g. bivalves, polychaetes, and crustaceans that live in marine soft bottoms. Building on recent pan-Arctic community data from ~5000 locations, we address a fundamental challenge in Arctic ecological research by employing quantitative methods thus far not feasible. We will use multi-species distribution models that allow determining interactions between species; link functions to environmental characteristics using 4th-corner models. Key is that such approaches link traits and environment without the necessity of including sample locations, holding promise for an approach that translates ecosystem function directly to services; look for indirect interactions and feedbacks between polar benthic macrofauna and ecosystem functioning by employing structural equation models. This enables full inference of spatial diversity patterns of Arctic benthic communities and link community organisation and ecosystem functioning, allowing us to understand the interplay between fine- and broad-scale patterns and processes structuring rapidly changing polar benthic ecosystems.

Mots clés : arctic, species distribution models, 4th corner models, structural equation models, multivariate, scale, spatial, macrobenthic fauna, biodiversity ecosystem functioning

Participants :
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 171460.8 €