Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet GRACE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The aim of this action is to develop an innovative and advanced dual approach to study the barrel cortex, combining Voltage Sensitive Dye (VSD) imaging and high-resolution electrical recordings. The barrel cortex in rodents is part of the primary somatosensory cortex and a well-known example of topographic mapping, where each whisker is mapped onto a specific cortical area, called a barrel. Thanks to its unique functional organization, this system offers excellent conditions to investigate neural mechanisms mediating sensory coding, processing and plasticity. Sensory-evoked activity in the neocortex is known to manifest in the form of propagating waves but up to now there are no studies directed towards a high-resolution mapping of these waves in the barrel cortex in vivo. Thanks to the chronic cranial window designed by Dr. Kuhn at OIST, VSD imaging will be performed simultaneously with high-resolution electrical mapping of Local Field Potentials (LFP) through CMOS-based implantable neural probes developed within an EU project coordinated by UNIPD. Once fully established, this dual method will be transferred to UNIPD and will allow the study of neuronal signal propagation through a 3D architecture in living tissue with simultaneous high-resolution optical and electrical recordings. This action will increase my competences in neurophysiology and promote a close collaboration and a two-way transfer of scientific knowledge between Padova and Okinawa, enhancing the scientific relations between the European Research Area and Japan. This project will contribute to the development of advanced neuroprostheses allowing a bi-directional communication with brain microcircuits through high-resolution LFP recordings and patterned electrical stimulation of neural populations. Moreover, the results of my research will have a strong impact on basic neuroscience of population coding, providing novel insights on the propagation of sensory information within the barrel cortex.

Mots clés : brain computer interface, neural probes, barrel, cortex

Participants :
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (Japon) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of Padua (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195728.85 €
Projet ArtMedGIS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The aim of this research project is to evaluate the artistic exchanges in the Mediterranean during the late Middle Ages through the Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The start point is the selection of certain elements of the Islamic art, developed by the Almoravids in the 12th century. It is assumed that Almoravid arts and architecture were not isolated and can be related to other Mediterranean artistic manifestations due to commercial, political and cultural relations. In this context, the objectives of the project are: to measure the presence of the pre-selected elements in the main artistic manifestations of the Islamic and Christian Mediterranean countries in the late Middle Ages, to apply the new method based on the GIS, through the creation of three databases for studying the exchanges between the main Mediterranean artistic manifestations and Almoravid art, to assess the relation of religion and power with the artistic productions of the Islamic countries in the Mediterranean frame and to review the concepts of centre and peripheries regarding the artistic production in the Mediterranean context. To achieve the objectives the fellow will extract the study data from the historiography, Arab and Latin written sources related to this period, and the artistic funds of the main museum collections with medieval Mediterranean pieces. The results will be included in a database, a blog and several publications, which will be available for the scientific community and the general public. The importance of this project lies in the revision of concepts, the improvement of the knowledge of societies that lived simultaneously in a given territory through the study of their culture and thought, and the introduction of an innovative method for the Art History research, based on the GIS. All these factors will become Europe a leading intermediary power between East and West, thanks to the comprehension of history, religion and culture of Islamic Mediterranean countries

Mots clés : artistic elements, almoravid art, 12th 15th century, mediterranean, geographical information systems  gis

Participants :
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa (Portugal) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 160635.6 €
Projet WE-EXPERTH (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The WE-EXPERTH project aims to study the parallel and simultaneous water entry (WE) of two spheres impacting on a water surface. The physics of WE and of parallel WE is important for a variety of engineering and natural science applications, such as underwater or navy vehicles, coating and spraying processes, marine platforms such as floating offshore wind turbine platforms, invasive free-surface flow measurement devices used in the steel industry, synchronized-diving athletes or plunge-diving birds. Scientific research in this area may lead to measures to reduce slamming loads on marine vessels and platforms, improve the accuracy of free-surface instrumentation, or even explain, why a diving bird does not get injured when it collides with water at high speed. Parallel WE is a highly nonlinear and unsteady process and has thus far not been addressed by research. Interactions are expected to influence air entrainment cavities and pinch-off (which can strongly affect the impact forces and the objects' kinetics) as well as splash curtains and jets (often undesired in engineering applications). During WE-EXPERTH we aim to analyze experimentally (by High-Speed-Camera/PIV/IMU) and theoretically the parallel WE of hydrophilic/hydrophobic spheres and significantly extend current knowledge by investigating the interaction of the involved physical phenomena, analyzing spheres' critical distance and spheres' kinetics for numerous scenarios. WE-EXPERTH brings together an experienced researcher with knowledge in WE, a supervisor with a background in theoretical fluid mechanics, and a host research group with experience in experimental research and image processing. This fellowship will be major step for the fellow towards full-professorship and will enable both fellow and host to continue WE-research beyond the scope of this project. Dissemination efforts will not only focus on scientific communities but also on broader audiences by producing explanatory slow-motion videos.

Mots clés : parallel water entry, free surface flow, air cavity, hydrophilic surfaces, hydrophobic surfaces, high speed camera, particle image velocimetry, inertial measurement units

Participants :
- Johannes Kepler University of Linz (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 186167.04 €
Projet NuFEAST (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The WHO European Region has the highest incidence (and increasing) of obesity and non-communicable diseases (including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and food related cancers) caused by dietary factors. Localisation of sustainable food systems and processes that comprise a sustainable diet is a possible means to tackle this problem. There is a need to develop new research approaches to identify how these initiatives can promote nutritional well-being, to shape future nutrition and food policy and to document the new skills required by the public health nutrition workforce to support and foster healthy diets. This project will capitalise on the complementary expertise of the Fellow (with extensive practice experience in Australia and New Zealand as a community nutritionist) and the interdisciplinary research skills and expertise at Bournemouth University (BU) to generate new knowledge and understanding of the contribution of local food sustainable systems to nutritional health and well-being. This will be a unique, systematic research programme that combines quantitative and qualitative research methodologies which will enable first steps for the design of a model of nutritional health and well-being and identification of new competencies for training in public health nutrition. The key outcomes of this research will be i) a Toolkit for monitoring and optimising gains in nutritional health and well-being and ii) new Guidelines to deliver new competencies for the public health nutrition workforce. This knowledge will contribute towards shaping future policy directions in food and nutrition for EU citizens. The Fellow will be up-skilled (in new research skills and techniques) to advance her career significantly, to translate her background knowledge into a continuing research environment and to build and maintain links with other public health researchers in sustainable food environments throughout Europe, while maintaining strong links in Australia.

Mots clés : nutritional health and wellbeing, sustainable food systems, sustainable diet, sustainable food, food policy, qualitative and quantitative methodologies, ethnography, nutrition

Participants :
- Bournemouth University (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet SAW-SPIN (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The ability of spin-polarized currents to interact with magnetic states has strongly impacted computation technologies, being exploited by read-heads and by writing–heads on spin-transfer-torque MRAM memories. Today, the most active field in spintronics aims at the generation of pure spin currents, which differ from spin-polarized currents in that they do not involve net flow of charge. Thus, Joule heat losses and Oersted fields are drastically cut down increasing the stability and reducing the energy consumption of electronic nano-devices. The two main strategies to generate spin currents are focused on (i) the spin-pumping effect arising from magnetization excitations in a ferromagnet, and (ii) the spin Seebeck effect. The latter is particularly interesting, since it involves temperature gradients to create the spin currents. Thus, any generation of heat dissipation –usually unwelcome in electronic devices– would be harnessed to produce useful spin currents by creating temperature gradients. The downside is that heat dissipation is a non-directional phenomenon, spreading slowly in all directions, which makes it unattractive for applications. Interestingly, surface acoustic waves (SAW) are fast and strongly directional strain waves that produce local and directional heat, which could eventually be used to generate spin currents through spin Seebeck effect. Moreover, SAWs can dynamically couple by strain to nano-magnets leading to spin excitations that could also be exploited to generate spin currents through spin pumping. Finally, SAWs constitutes an energy efficient technology well established in commercial applications. Therefore, by using SAWs the two strategies to generate spin currents can be contrived to cooperate in an energy-efficient way extremely appealing for the implementation of pure spin currents in commercial devices. In this project we propose to develop the proof of concept of a spintronic nano-device based on pure spin currents created by SAWs.

Mots clés : spintronics, surface acoustic waves, nanomagnetism, thermoelectrics, electric control of magnetic states

Participants :
- Spanish National Research Council (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 158121.6 €
Projet MM-CAHF (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Mathematics
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The action's goal is to achieve major advances in Heegaard Floer homology for knots and links. Heegaard Floer homology is a package of powerful invariants for 3-manifolds, and knots and links inside them. Introduced two decades ago, it is now a major research area in low-dimensional topology. To a knot or link in the 3-sphere, together with extra data called `decoration', Heegaard Floer homology associates a bigraded vector space which determines key topological properties of such a knot or link, such as its Alexander polynomial and its Seifert genus. Moreover, given a (decorated) link cobordism between two links, there is a linear map induced between their Heegaard Floer homology. The original definition of Heegaard Floer homology is based on counting pseudo-holomorphic curves in symplectic manifolds, but there exist combinatorial reformulations of the vector spaces associated to decorated knots and links. The proposal consists of three major projects: 1) Give a combinatorial reformulation of the Heegaard Floer cobordism maps, to make their computation algorithmic, by extending existing combinatorial definitions of the vector spaces associated to decorated knots and links. 2) Extend the most efficient combinatorial reformulation, namely the Kauffman-states functor, from decorated knots to decorated links. 3) Define a combinatorial Heegaard Floer invariant for partially decorated links, for which attempts to give an analytic definition seems unfeasible.

Mots clés : heegaard floer homology, knot floer homology, link floer homology, kauffman states functor, link cobordisms, cobordism maps, sutured manifolds

Participants :
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hongrie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 139850.88 €
Projet CO-SUSTAIN (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The aim of this Fellowship is to provide Dr Ruth Brennan with advanced interdisciplinary training and new skills and experience in order to enhance her innovative and creative potential, increase her knowledge base, expand her career possibilities and enable her to reach professional maturity commensurate with a leading researcher in Ireland and internationally. The researcher will be based at the Centre for Environmental Humanities (CEH), School of Histories and Humanities, Trinity College Dublin, working under the supervision of Professor Poul Holm. Research training will be implemented through an interdisciplinary project to investigate whether, and how, the Irish small-scale fishing industry can develop innovative fishing models that promote good governance, foster marine stewardship and contribute to climate change goals while meeting the need of fisheries-dependent coastal communities to flourish. The specific aim of the project is to co-design and test innovative governance approaches that address the needs of fisheries-dependent island communities and meet national and European marine planning and conservation objectives. The researcher is trained in marine social science, environmental governance and law. CEH expertise is focused on positioning the Environmental Humanities (including social science) as having a crucial role to play in understanding human motivation and behaviour in the face of the challenges of global environmental change. The researcher’s continued exposure to the CEH will provide her with advanced interdisciplinary training necessary for advancement of her career and project success. The resources of the host institution will facilitate the development of an Irish and international academic network, as well as career mentoring, and will firmly establish the researcher as a science-policy expert in addressing the societal challenge of sustainable and socially inclusive marine resource management while conserving the marine environment.

Mots clés : marine policy, small scale fisheries governance, interactive governance theory, participatory research, marine protected areas, cultural heritage, biocultural diversity, social ecological systems

Participants :
- Trinity College Dublin (Irlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 175866.0 €
Projet LEGITIMATH (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The aim of this project is to rewrite the history of differential and integral calculus in 18th century Europe focusing on the processes of acquisition and circulation of teaching and learning practices and, on a broader level, to elaborate a new adaptable methodological framework integrating history of mathematics and mathematical education, oral and cultural histories in order to reconstruct the function of oral knowledge in the processes of acquiring mathematical knowledge acting in determined institutional and social contexts. In doing so, LEGITIMATH will address an under researched phase in the history of mathematics by choosing to explore a rich teaching corpus produced by several learned communities in the Italian peninsula, and chart the transnational circulation of Maria Gaetana Agnesi’s "Istituzioni Analitiche" (1748) as well as its reception outside Italy and its French and English translations. The project is interdisciplinary, crossing history of philosophy and of mathematics, mathematics education and the oral culture of knowledge, and is groundbreaking insofar as it prioritizes oral discourses and practices over internalist studies of mathematical works, and, by examining the case of Italy, it will reassess the relation between scientific “centres” and “peripheries” from the perspective of the circulation of teaching practices. This project, hosted at Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, will be pivotal for my career as it will allow me, thanks to the help of my supervisor and the special training offered by my host institutions, to strenghten my expertise as a researcher and create a permanent international network integrating historical studies of mathematics to history of science and philosophy. The project is a fundamental step for me to eventually apply for an ERC grant, and subsequently obtain a permanent research position at Ca’Foscari or in another European or Italian institution.

Mots clés : history of mathematics, history of mathematics education, cultural history, oral history, calculus

Participants :
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 171473.28 €
Projet INTREPID (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The aim of this proposal is to characterise the thermodynamic cost of precision in genuinely quantum thermal machines (externally driven, quantum-information fuelled and autonomous heat engines and refrigerators). Precision in a physical system is related to fluctuations of measurable quantities, an aspect that becomes very relevant at the nano-scale. Achieving a machine with a certain reliability (i.e. precision in the output) inevitably comes at a cost in terms of thermodynamic resources, such as dissipated heat or excess work, thus massively impacting the machines’ performances. Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relations have represented a landmark first step in understanding this balance and their generalisation is now encroaching upon the laws of quantum mechanics. Combining them at a fundamental level still represents an almost uncharted territory, which promises exciting practical applications in the correct design of next generation quantum technologies. In this project I will determine the most fundamental tradeoff between precision and dissipation in quantum thermal machines in a novel and timely way, by combining my expertise in quantum and stochastic thermodynamics and in thermodynamic geometry with the experience of my host, Prof. Jens Eisert, in quantum information and quantum many-body physics. In particular, this will be done through a two-fold effort: a theoretical framework based on analytical and numerical results; a groundbreaking (yet feasible in the given timeframe) experiment on quantum field machines, based on the AtomChip technology that is being developed within a large FQXI grant recently won by the host and by the secondment (Prof. Jörg Schmiedmayer). I will perform this Action in the perfectly suited environment of the “Quantum many-body theory, quantum information theory” group at Freie Universität Berlin.

Mots clés : quantum thermodynamics, thermodynamics of precision, open quantum systems

Participants :
- Freie Universität Berlin (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 162806.4 €
Projet Space-Time from Info (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The aim of this proposal is to develop a novel multidisciplinary approach to space-time physics which combines core features of quantum theory and general relativity by using modern tools of information theory. Recent results manifest a deep relation between space-time structure and the possibility of certain abstract quantum communication tasks. We shall build upon these results to identify precise operational conditions on abstract quantum communication which permit observers to describe their environment as a classical space-time. This procedure will be expanded to spatiotemporal structures in a semiclassical regime with an emphasis on how the feasibility of communication tasks is influenced. Exploiting these insights, we shall devise a novel framework for (quantum) gravitational physics to generating spatiotemporal structure from the internal information flow of an operationally defined network. This research programme may foster new perspectives on space-time physics by providing it with information theoretic foundations and is intended to complement, rather than compete with, already existing approaches to (quantum) gravity. The fellowship will reintegrate the researcher from Canada into the EU and, at the same time, support the cross-community move of a (quantum) gravity expert into a quantum foundations group. The proposed programme requires expertise from various disciplines in theoretical physics and will thereby diversify the competences of both the researcher and the host group, as well as expand their respective networks of collaborators. This action supports European excellence in science and prepares the fellow for a more permanent position by endowing him with crucial opportunities to train his mentoring, communication and networking skills and, ultimately, by allowing him to develop his own research programme.

Mots clés : space time physics, operational approaches, general relativity, quantum theory, quantum gravity, information theory, space time constructions, correlations, information flow

Participants :
- Austrian Academy of Sciences (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 178156.8 €