Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet DILIPHO (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

C4 plants are leading grain (maize, sorghum), sugar (sugarcane), and biofuel (miscanthus) producers. Their higher productivity potential arises from the operation of a Carbon Concentrating Mechanism (CCM), which is an effective ‘turbocharger’ of the assimilatory machinery. In recent years there has been a considerable drive towards engineering a CCM into C3 crops as a possible strategy to boost agricultural productivity. This emerged as an alternative strategy to the traditional breeding, which seem to be inadequate to ensure complete food and nutrient security in the face of global warming, population growth, and decreasing arable land availability. Advanced breeding of C4 plants is currently impinged on negatively by lack of knowledge of fundamental C4 physiology. This lack of fundamental knowledge calls for a deeper understanding of the biochemical underpinnings of C4 photosynthesis and quantitative predictions of the effect of genetic manipulation. For C4 photosynthesis to operate, a substantial flow of metabolites is continuously exchanged between two partially isolated compartments in the leaf parenchyma (mesophyll and bundle sheath). This project (DILIPHO) hypothesizes that under low turgor the exchange of metabolites slows down, thus jamming the C4 machinery. DILIPHO consists of three phases. Firstly, the applicant Chandra Bellasio will learn concepts of advanced Mathematics and Biophysics, and develop a mechanistic model to study metabolite transport at leaf level, DILIMOD. Secondly, the hypothesis will be experimentally tested. In the hypothesis will be experimentally tested. Thirdly, the model will be interrogated to mechanistically explain the dataset and to answer fundamental questions in C4 ecology and physiology. The findings and the theoretical tools that will be developed in DILIPHO are urgently needed, and have a notable potential to benefit advanced breeding, the economy and the society as a whole.

Mots clés : plant, physiology, photosynthesis, turgor, model, diffusion, limitation, assimilation

Participants :
- Universitat de les Illes Balears (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 245440.8 €
- Australian National University (Australie) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet INTERALLIED (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

In the Second World War, the Allies waged war on a truly global scale for the first and, one hopes, last time in history. Victory required the mobilisation and transportation of wo/men and materiel on all continents and across four out of the Earth’s five oceans. Success would have been impossible without extensive inter-Allied coordination, organisation and planning. Starting in 1939, a system of inter-Allied organs was set up by Britain and France, whose mission it was to coordinate the supply of the Allied war effort from a common pool. It survived France’s fall in 1940 and, upon US entry in 1941, was revived. By 1942, it had evolved into a global network of military, production and logistics experts from India to Canada and South Africa to Norway, organised into a series of so-called Combined Boards and dedicated to the nuts and bolts of worldwide coalition warfare. Yet we lack a history of this extraordinary organisation. Despite the Second World War’s self-evidently global nature, the tendency to frame it in national, comparative and Eurocentric terms is very deeply entrenched. INTERALLIED, by contrast, seeks to highlight the global, transnational and interdependent character of the Allied war effort. The project asks: how did the Allies seek to couple, then uncouple their war economies, and mobilise (then demobilise) global markets for war, between 1939 and 1945? It seeks (1) to provide an account of the political economy of global Allied warfare, and thus to reach for a history of the global economy at war, which has yet to be written; (2) to advance a recent 'global turn' in Second World War studies, and thus to resist nationalistic and Eurocentric readings of the conflict, frequently deployed politically today; and (3) to produce new, practical knowledge about how societies can cope with massive shocks to their systems of supply, production and trade, and prevent damaging and wasteful competition for scarce resources.

Mots clés : second world war

Participants :
- Fondation nationale des sciences politiques (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 184707.84 €
Projet HUNG (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

In the United Kingdom food banks are increasingly required to alleviate hunger and food insecurity. In Greater Manchester (GM) alone, the GM Poverty Alliance mapped 171 emergency food providers. While the renewed interest of social scientists in the topic has produced an abundance of scientific literature, there remains a lack of knowledge on the webs of influence, support, conflict and interdependence between families experiencing food poverty and the emergency food providers. Project HUNG, by embracing a relational approach, focuses on the space of relations occupied by actors and institutions engaged with one another. Thereby, it proposes a relational object of analysis: not food poverty or food banks per se, but rather the interactions and transactions involved in the process of charitable supply and food demand. The project, based on the GM metropolitan county, makes use of quantitative analysis and ethnography of the everyday life to throw light on the "hunger bonds" connecting emergency providers and their users. On the one side, by gathering original survey data on food banks and their users, it provides a descriptive analysis on the determinants of food bank use through a dataset suitable for multilevel modelling (individuals nested in food banks). On the other side, it offers an in-depth ethnography of the daily life of a small sample of families that frequently rely on food banks by shadowing their meal choices for a prolonged period of time. By doing so, HUNG creates twofold added-value for the research community and for policy makers. Scholars interested in food inequalities will have access to a methodological toolkit, that could be used to extend research in other metropolitan domains. Simultaneously, by describing in detail the determinants of food bank use, it will improve the capability of agencies fighting food poverty to influence public policies to end food poverty.

Mots clés : food consumption, food banks, poverty, charities, mixed methods

Participants :
- University of Manchester (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet CO2-CAT-ALOG (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

In the age of Anthropocene, major challenges faced by mankind today are the global climate change and the associated huge energy crisis due to ever increased population demand. So, the contemporary interests are towards energy storage and conversion reactions and in generating the alternative fuels (from CO2, waste to wealth strategy). Copper is the known best electrocatalyst for the reduction of CO2 (green-house gas). However, Cu is not particularly selective-stable electrocatalyst and is vary prone to deactivation; selectivity and stability are two important strictures directly associated with the geometric and electronic structure of the catalyst and hence on the CO2 conversion efficacy. Herein, we propose few strategies with CO2-CAT-ALOG such as doping with IIIA group elements, to effectively have active-selective-stable electrocatalyst to reduce CO2 to >C1 desired products and explain the mechanism of actions by carrying out experiments and theory in tandem. Appropriately, this proposal aims at the (i) synthesis of atomically precise, zero-dimensional (0D) modified Cu nanoparticles (mCNPs) supported over 2D materials, (ii) exploring the parameters governing the CO2 activation and stability of the reaction intermediates with the aid of DFT calculations (modelling and simulation at nano-scale) and micro-kinetic modelling (iii) detailed study on selectivity and stability of modified surface and sub-surface of CNPs with IIIA-group with the aid of high-end multi-analytical methodologies. This CO2-CAT-ALOG approach will not only bridge the gap between theory and experiments at the nano-scale level to a possible extent, but also facilitates intra-European knowledge transfer along with direct societal impacts. In addition, proposed work will not only provide solid guidelines to smart-design and screen the robust active-selective-stable electrocatalysts but also addresses issues to overcome impediments in the field of electrocatalysis of CO2 in near future.

Mots clés : electrocatalysis, copper nanoparticles, electrochemical co2 reduction, advanced electrochemical characterisation, il tem, density functional theory

Participants :
- National Institute of Chemistry (Slovénie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 150040.32 €
Projet INVENTION (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

In the called “information age”, digital communications play an essential role on the economy and sustainable growth of the society. Access networks are essential part of the communication infrastructure as bridge between end-users and core networks. Their design must make possible the provision of real-time high-bandwidth access to Internet, essential for advanced communication services as immersive video and ubiquitous cloud computing. It is clearly foreseen that the only long-term solution to the problem involves optical fiber as transmission medium, the so called optical access networks. Passive optical network (PON) is the most widely employed technology because of the cost reduction it entails, but the capacity of actual time-division multiplexed PONs will be exhausted eventually as more bandwidth-hungry applications become available in the near future. Telecommunications carriers face the challenge of meeting the unprecedented bandwidth demand by end users at the same time the capital and operating expenditures requirements are reduced. INVENTION project targets the development of cost-effective and high capacity communication architectures for their employment on optical access/metro networks. The proposed concept will be based on the employment of coherent detection with low-cost and simplified optical receiver architectures, making sure that the proposed approaches meet the cost requirements of these optical networks. The proposed concepts will be implemented by a suitable combination of optical signal processing techniques and digital-signal-processing (DSP) algorithms, keeping the required DSP at realizable levels. The final scope of INVENTION is the proposal of mid-term and long-term solutions for the achievement of the objectives included in the digital agenda 2020 for the ICT strategy.


Participants :
- Aston University (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet SCAVENGER (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

In the face of global change and a rapidly changing world ecologists must understand the fundamental components of ecological systems. Unsurprisingly, much research has focused on the trophic links of which ecosystems are constructed. However, despite this attention one particular type of trophic link, scavenging, has been relatively ignored. This is despite estimates showing that scavenging accounts for more energy transfer in comparison to predation, clearly demonstrating its crucial role in determining ecosystem dynamics. Yet scavenging is a still a poorly understood behavior as despite its prevalence across predators, little explanation is available for the enormous level of variation in the level of scavenging both across species and with them. SCAVENGER proposes to address this imbalance using a state of the art simulation approach recently developed by the fellow to test the ecological and physiological drivers of scavenging behaviors and explore the importance of this behavior in extinct, extant and potential future ecosystems. By using a combination of biomechanics, energetics and macroecology in an agent based modeling framework I will test the drivers of scavenging efficiency focusing on the roles of body size, locomotion, biomechanics, population dynamics and environmental factors such as temperature. After mapping out the drivers of scavenging this approach will be applied to both understanding the role of scavenging in an extinct system, were the role of scavenging in early Hominds will be explored, and in future scenarios, were systems of conservation and management importance will be identifies as part of a secondment at the Zoological Society of London. The SCAVENGER proposal will allow me to address a substantial gap in the understanding of an important ecological component, develop a novel approach to foraging ecology and apply it in multiple fields, and provide me with a vital stepping stone towards becoming a future leader within ecology.

Mots clés : agent based modeling, scavenging, foraging, metabolic theory, trophic ecology

Participants :
- University of St Andrews (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet TRANSITIONS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

In the last 10 millennia humans have changed the way we live, moving from mobile hunter-gathering to farming and the urban living we are most familiar with today. Since 2008 more than 50% of the global population live in cities. But what effect has this had on our bodies? Understanding how we have adapted to past transitions is vital to interpreting archaeological remains and to anticipate the physical effects of this ongoing modern transition to a highly technologically dependent urban species. The goal of TRANSITIONS is to develop the research capacities of the European Fellow, in his broad area of interest in human variation and evolution. It will provide advanced training in the context and study of the skeletal consequences of changes in lifestyle and activity through a series of defined objectives for resaerch and training that compare skeletal form and function within and between past populations with different subsistence and lifestyle strategies; hunter gatherers, agriculturalists and urban dwellers. The results will provide new insights into how different lifestyles and their functional consequences affect skeletal form. Multiple factors impact on the skeleton, yet there is a discernible, consistent trend with increasing modernity towards ‘gracilization’. Thus, despite the multifactorial causes, to what extent are skeletal effects similar or different between transitions to agriculture and to urban or other ways of life? The answer will reflect how flexible our responses are to similar and different pressures and the extent to which we can use knowledge of historical transitions to interpret archaeological material and anticipate current and future ones. As well as providing advanced training by applying cutting-edge techniques, The ER will be supervised and trained in broader aspects of academic activity, knowledge transfer and career development, enabling him to position himself as a potential research leader.

Mots clés : osteoarchaeology, skeletal form and function, transitions, morphometrics, skeletal functional analysis

Participants :
- University of York (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet GNRECC (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

In the last 10 years, an increasing number of studies employed -omics technologies to describe the molecular changes underpinning cellular functions. However, a large part of these findings is awaiting an experimental validation. This is due to the lack of efficient molecular tools able to control both multiple and distinct genetic interactions. Recently, I described a new CRISPR/12-based genome engineering tool that, for the first time, it provides the constitutive, conditional, inducible, orthogonal and multiplexed engineering of dozens of endogenous genes, simultaneously. In this research proposal, I aim to increase the efficiency of this platform in the context of multiplexed genome engineering applications, such as gene network rewiring. To this aim, I will use techniques inspired by the statistical physics of complex disordered systems, to design a more potent version of my CRISPR/Cas12-based genome engineering tool and, I will use this novel platform to rewire signaling pathways involved in cellular proliferation. This research proposal is structured into the following tasks: rational design of novel Cas12a variants, validation of novel Cas12a variants, gene network rewiring by a novel Cas12a variant. By coupling statistical physics to both protein and genome engineering this project will pave the way for efficient and large-scale engineering of gene networks.

Mots clés : crispr cas12

Participants :
- Polytechnic University of Turin (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 171473.28 €
Projet GravityWaveWindow (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Mathematics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

In the last 7 decades, leaps have been made in astrophysics in their ability to open new windows onto our universe. With every new window, came exciting new detections of the already known and as well as the unknown. We are now once more on the cusp of activating a new probing tool for revealing the secrets of our universe – gravitational wave astronomy. Gravitational waves (GWs) are ripples in space-time that are predicted by Einstein’s theory of relativity. They are unique in the fact that they are the only type of radiation that can be emitted by black holes; allowing their direct detection. GW astronomy also brings with it the exciting opportunity for tests of general relativity as well as other gravitational theories. Black hole binaries (BHBs) make up a large number of systems that will be detectable by both ground and space based detectors. Detection, however, requires the accurate modelling of their waveforms, which in turn requires solving the two-body problem in General Relativity. The two-body problem in general relativity is a longstanding open problem going back to work by Einstein himself. With these advances in GW detector technology, this age-old problem has been given a new lease of life and is motivating numerical, analytical and experimental relativists to work together with the prospect of opening up this new window onto our universe. This research will investigate the 3 current methods used to model BHBs, post-Newtonian (PN), Gravitational Self-Force (GSF) and Numerical Relativity (NR). The inital phase will involve the expansion of PN and GSF, under the supervision of world-leading experts. In the return phase, this newly gained knowledge will be combined with that of the hosts experts in NR and GSF to produce a cohesive outlook of BHB modelling, both extending and highlighting the benefits and applications of the 3 methods. This will extend and further cement the possibility and far-reaching consequences of detecting GWs.

Mots clés : gravitational waves, applications of mathematics in sciences, astrophysics

Participants :
- National University of Ireland (Irlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 248063.4 €
- State University System of Florida (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet AML-SynergyX (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

In the last decade, we have witnessed tremendous progress in understanding the genetic landscape of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which has been translated into several approved targeted therapies. Although these therapies are effective initially, most patients eventually develop resistance through a variety of genetic and/or epigenetic mechanisms that remain incompletely understood. While it is widely accepted that transient responses to oncogene-targeted therapeutics into cure will require drug combinations, the pre-clinical and clinical development of rational combination therapies remains challenging. The advent of high-throughput genetic screens and transcriptome profiling methods fundamentally changes the way we can address this problem. The overall goal of this proposal is to apply and integrate these innovative technologies to deeply investigate genetic and gene-regulatory mechanisms in the response to small-molecule inhibitors of FLT3 and the MLL-Menin interaction, which hold promise as targeted therapeutics for more than 50% of AML patients. Using advanced CRISPR/Cas9- and shRNA-based screening platforms, I will systematically identify genes that modify the response to FLT3 and MLL-Menin inhibition. Complementary to functional-genetic screens, I will apply SLAMseq, a scalable time-resolved mRNA profiling method co-developed by the host lab, to dynamically investigate transcriptional programs underlying the primary response and adaptation to FLT3 and MLL-Menin inhibition. Functional-genetic and time-resolved transcriptome profiles will be integrated to select promising candidates for validation and mechanistic follow-up studies in patient AML samples and genetically engineered mouse models. In summary, by providing deep insight into the response to FLT3- and MLL-Menin inhibition, I thrive to identify candidate targets and new concepts for rational combination therapies that would address an unmet clinical need with a clear path towards clinical translation.

Mots clés : myeloid leukemia, crispr, cas9 genetic screens, transcriptome profiling, slam seq, combination therapy

Participants :
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 186167.04 €