Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet OFBioSens-MIP (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project aims to design and test a low-cost, highly sensitive and selective optical fibre sensor for testosterone, based on testosterone-recognising molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) combined with lossy mode resonance (LMR) structures. Optical fibre (OF) sensing has attracted great attention in the last years due to the benefits that it offers compared to traditional electronic sensors. Some of these benefits are small size, biocompatibility and immunity to electromagnetic fields. Among all OF sensors topologies, those based on spectral techniques are the most sensitive and robust. Specifically, OF sensors based on electromagnetic resonances - i. e., surface plasmon resonance (SPR) or LMR - have become a standard in the last years due to their high performance. The exciting potential of LMR-based sensors is combined in this proposal with bio-mimetic polymer technology in order to develop a new generation of sensors with defined chemical specificity. With this aim, the following specific objectives have been established: - To design and optimise the MIP formulations for the binding of testosterone while supporting and enhancing LMRs. - To characterise the properties of the MIPs regarding their structure, orientation and physical and chemical stability. - To study and optimise different deposition methods to coat the OF device with the selected polymer in order to obtain a testosterone sensor. - To model the OF sensor in order to predict its features and the optimum configuration. - To study the sensors’ response to different concentrations of testosterone in samples, evaluating its sensitivity, stability and selectivity. - To develop a small, light and low-cost system for the sensor in order to explore its commercial potential. The methodology and results obtained from this multidisciplinary project represents a generic strategy and will allow the future development of a range of new OF sensors for the detection of other substances of interest.

Mots clés : fibre optic sensors, testosterone, lossy mode resonance, molecularly imprinted polymers

Participants :
- University of East Anglia (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet FunSilting (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Mathematics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project aims to develop topics in contemporary representation theory by making novel connections between two different approaches: tilting theory and model theory. Tilting theory is a set of tools that allows us to formally compare derived categories and has applications in many areas such as Lie theory, algebraic geometry and topology. Our work will take place in the richer setting of silting theory, which encompasses traditional tilting theory but also enables the study of important abelian subcategories of the derived category that are not necessarily derived equivalent to the ring. We will approach silting theory using techniques originating in mathematical logic, that is, we will use the model theoretic approach to purity. It has been observed for many years that there is a connection between purity and tilting theory but the underlying reasons for the link have still not been properly explained. Our new perspective aims to explain and deepen these connections. The key techniques we will use involve localisations of functor categories and their connection to a topological space called the Ziegler spectrum. There are two main objectives in this proposal: firstly we will strengthen the foundations of the connection between silting theory and purity and secondly we will apply our new approach to classification problems in the representation theory of finite-dimensional algebras. The Experienced Researcher (Dr. Rosanna Laking) will work on the project under the supervision of Prof. Angeleri Hügel at the University of Verona for a period of 24 months. In addition to the valuable exchange of knowledge between the Experienced Researcher and the large number of experts on tilting theory in the region of Verona, this fellowship will enable Dr. Laking to develop skills in teaching, project management and communication.

Mots clés : representation theory of algebras, model theory of modules, tilting theory, categorical localisation

Participants :
- University of Verona (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 168277.2 €
Projet CSPIWB (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project aims to examine the causal effect of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict on the achievements of Palestinian high school students in their final exams that conclude the high school degree between the years 1998-2012, and the mechanism behind it. The analysis in the project will rely on a unique data source, which will ensure a relatively clean identification of the effects of conflict on Palestinian students' achievements. Data on students' achievements and schools include unique data on the individual test scores in all subjects at the Palestinian high school final exam (the Tawjihi General Examination) for the whole population of Palestinian students enrolled in their final year of the Arts and the Scientific curricula, and information on the characteristics of all high schools in the West Bank, including unique data on the teachers. The custom-made data on political violence will be comprised of datasets stemming from different sources. The first source is Geographic Information System (GIS) data on various types of conflict-induced restrictions to mobility, including check-points, and roadblocks, within the West Bank, which enable a calculation of the gap of distance and time between individual’s locality of residence and locality of school, with and without the presence of Israeli physical barriers to movement. The second source is conflict-related Palestinian fatalities and prisoners. The importance of this study derives from the notion that academic achievement is strongly associated with future income earning, mediated by university entrance as determined by high school final exam performance. Moreover, learning about the effects of conflict on high school achievements is crucial to better understand the impact of a violent conflict on the development prospects of an economy, since high-school students represent a substantial part of the future human capital of the country.

Mots clés : educational attainment, high school, test score, conflict, mobility, closures, labor market, west bank, palestine, israel

Participants :
- University of Oxford (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet DYNAMAG (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project aims to explore the magnetization dynamics in response to microwave excitations in a class of geometrically frustrated systems called artificial spin ices. The work will lead to the development of novel functionalities in these systems, applicable to information and communications technologies. Artificial spin ices consist of lithographically patterned nanomagnets arranged on a lattice and have been shown to support collective excitations, which can be thought of as topological defects in a geometrically frustrated system and behave as mobile magnetic ‘charges’. Up to now, artificial spin ice has mainly been used as a model system for investigating fundamental effects of frustration and its consequences on defect dynamics. The primary goal of the project is to explore a novel direction in artificial spin ice dynamics: its high-frequency behavior. We aim to develop artificial spin ice into a functional material that allows the topological defects to couple with microwave magnetic fields in order to control the state of the system and, eventually, as application, create novel logical architectures based on the propagation of information along channels defined by the topological defects. To achieve this, a unique combination of ferromagnetic resonance with Lorentz Transmission Electron Microscopy and Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy will be used, with guidance from state-of-the-art micromagnetic simulations. In addition, the project aims to investigate the nonlinear regime of the magnetization dynamics. The focus here will be on the behavior of the magnetization at the edges of the nanoislands, which can be used to leverage large changes in the overall orientation of the magnetization. This study will also contribute to the broader understanding of far-from-equilibrium dynamics. The work will mainly be conducted at the University of Glasgow, with measurements also performed at the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland, over a period of two years.

Mots clés : magnetic frustration, magnetization dynamics, artificial spin ice, micromagnetism, spin waves, magnonics

Participants :
- University of Glasgow (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet HeLA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

This project aims to fill important gaps in our existing knowledge of Heritage Language (HL) acquisition, a subfield of bilingualism studies. While most previous research has focused on describing how HLs diverge from their monolingual baselines, the main objective of HeLA is to understand why heritage grammars develop the way they do. To this end, we focus on the severely understudied population of pre-teenage heritage speakers (HSs) of Spanish. While much attention has been paid to the role of input quantity in HL acquisition, relatively little is known about the qualitative nature of that input. This project investigates input quality by focusing on cross-generational attrition: the situation where HSs’ parents might exhibit changes in their L1 use –due to prolonged exposure to a second language and lack of activation in their first language– which get passed on to the next generation of HSs. We will approach this topic in a unique and novel way, namely by including individual analyses of children and their respective parents, and establishing a one-to-one connection between the two. Thus far, the majority of research on heritage Spanish, has been carried out in the context of the US. HeLA offers a valuable contribution to the field by comparing Spanish in two different linguistic contexts in Europe: the UK and The Netherlands. By looking at phenomena that are instantiated differently in English and Dutch –grammatical gender and subject expression– we will gain more insight into the role of cross-linguistic influence from the majority language. We furthermore combine behavioural and online measures of competence to examine whether the type of task brings anything to bear on the participants’ performances. Gaining a deep understanding of the factors that shape heritage grammars is of considerable importance for the maintenance of immigrant languages and cultures, as well as for stakeholders in the public and private sector charged with supporting such efforts.

Mots clés : bilingualism, heritage language acquisition, input quality, cross generational attrition, cross linguistic influence, comprehension, production, online processing, spanish, dutch, english

Participants :
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway (Norvège) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 214158.72 €
Projet STRCHANGEINEQ (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project aims to identify the distributional effects of the structural change phenomenon. It develops a dynamic macroeconomic model that introduces heterogeneities across workers and asset owners into the structural change models. For this purpose, it will focus on growth models with heterogeneous agents and complete asset markets. With this methodology, we will be able to characterize not only the aggregate patterns of structural change, but also its distributional consequences. By uncovering the long term factors behind the evolution of income distribution during structural change, the proposed model will be highly relevant to the most recent debates of rising income inequality in developed countries. The theoretical model will be calibrated to assess and quantify the historical roots of the current distributional picture in U.S. and Europe. In doing so, it will determine the “structural” level of inequality; a level that is due to the intrinsic forces of structural change. Then any deviations -positive or negative- from this level can be identified as “political”, which would provide a clearer picture of the effects of governmental policies on inequality. This model will be the first in the literature to integrate structural models with distributional issues and will open up a new research area. Finally, the model will be enriched with fiscal policies such as income taxes and productive government spending in order to draw policy conclusions regarding the growth-income inequality relationship in Europe, where boosting economic growth while holding the income inequality at a socially acceptable level has been a major concern in recent years. Therefore, the proposed project will both contribute to advancement of European research and address one of the Societal Challenges targeted by H2020 programs, which is working towards “Inclusive, innovative and reflective societies”.

Mots clés : structural change, economic growth, income distribution, heterogeneous agent models

Participants :
- Boğaziçi University (Turquie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 157734.0 €
- McGill University (Canada) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet MYlandOURland (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project aims to isolate the causal effects of formal institutions (mainly, laws and regulations) on cultural variables that influence economic development, such as trust, cooperation, social value orientation, competitiveness, thriftiness, and work ethics, in order to better understand how to design institutions that facilitate market exchange. The applicant will conduct surveys and lab-in-the-field experiments to collect data on these cultural variables in several villages in Benin, West Africa, where a major reform consisting in the formalization of property rights over land was implemented in hundreds of rural villages between 2006 and 2011. The effects of this institutional reform on culture will be estimated by comparing data collected in villages affected by the reform with data from villages where no land rights formalization took place. Identification is based on the randomization process characterizing the selection of villages where the reform took place: the project studies the first – and so far unique – case of land tenure reform implemented as a large-scale randomized control-trial. Given the unique identification strategy that overcomes most of the limitations characterizing previous studies, the use of state-of-the-art methodologies, and an interdisciplinary approach investigating the problem through the prism of gender equality, results will determine important advances in the existing knowledge regarding the optimal design of institutions. These outcomes will directly benefit low- and medium-income countries that are implementing land tenure reforms by suggesting ways to improve the design of new institutions. Furthermore, important benefits deriving from this project will be shared also by western societies, since findings will improve the effectiveness of the resources invested in development aids, and since the results will advance existing knowledge regarding the process and consequences of institutional change.

Mots clés : institutions, institutional change, lab in the field experiments, land tenure reforms, land titling, law and economics, property rights

Participants :
- Pompeu Fabra University (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 158121.6 €
Projet ACT against AMR (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project aims to offer a solid solution to the dwindling effectiveness of antibiotics against infectious diseases caused by the development of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria. The core of this proposal is to implement an innovative synthesis-oriented strategy to access truncated derivatives of abyssomicin C, a natural product that has shown especially promising antimicrobial activity against the most common strains of antimicrobial resistant bacteria. The multiple routes proposed for the synthesis of the truncated core scaffold are short, robust and amenable for many different variations. This will open up for the possibility to easily synthesise a library of differently adorned abyssomicin C truncated analogues whose antimicrobial activity will be evaluated. Structure activity relationship (SAR) studies aided by computational modeling will be used as an integrated action in the identification of new potent antimicrobial agents. The complementary expertise of the applicant, the host laboratories and the leading experts that will collaborate within this project will be crucial for the realization of all aspects of this multifaceted project. The achievement of the project goals will have a deep impact not only in the scientific community but also on the healthcare systems in Europe and globally. This EF postdoctoral training proposal will represent a unique opportunity to the candidate to expand his scientific network in both the academia and the industry, greatly broaden his spheres of action, strengthening his professional maturity.

Mots clés : abyssomicin c, antibacterial, antimicrobial resistance, antibiotics, truncated analogues, syhntesis oriented

Participants :
- University of Gothenburg (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 185857.2 €
Projet SYRIANBORDERS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project aims to propose a contemporary history of Syrian borders from their origins (1920) to the present day (2015). Upon the completion of my fellowship, my main objective will be to publish a fully documented and innovative monograph on the history of the Syrian state by studying its emergence and consolidation, and by probing its colonial borders. As part of my research, I will rely on a multidisciplinary and comparative approach, using political science, sociology and, more generally, border studies. My innovative methodology will require me to conduct dozens of semi-structured interviews and to examine Syrian, French & British archives. This proposal is designed as a response to the fact that contemporary Syria – with the exception of some recent academic monographs (Thompson, 2013; Heydemann, 2013) – still lacks major research programs. The literature, mainly monodisciplinary, is even poorer when it comes to the study of borders, a field that suffers globally from theoretical weakness and the use of outdated research methods and techniques. Major studies on the Syrian borders are nonexistent. Furthermore, the field of border studies lacks a serious interdisciplinary perspective. My research will contribute to the development of the discipline. Thus, my original and innovative project will contribute to the history of contemporary Syria by analysing it through the spectrum of its borders, by bringing a multidisciplinary perspective to border studies, by producing a monograph that will include post-2011 dynamics, by prompting a series of peer-reviewed articles on Syrian borders from a comparative and interdisciplinary perspective (from 1920 to 2015), with different theoretical approaches, by contributing to the unification of a “border theory” for the Middle East, and, finally, by constituting a pioneering work on the processes of creation, stabilisation, transformation and contestation of Syrian boundaries.

Mots clés : border studies, sociology of the state, reconfiguration of borderlands, international relations

Participants :
- University of Oxford (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet RIF (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

This project aims to propose a novel solution to the problem of knowledge- and wellbeing-conducive irrationality. Empirical research shows that irrationality is sometimes preferable to rationality: even simplest decisions, like choosing a meal from menu, cannot be made by emotionless cost-benefit analysis alone only; religious faith helps to recover from surgery and is conducive to mental health; faith in success of a relationship makes it more successful, and even the capacity for moral agency requires empathy. These findings challenge a standard conception of rationality, according to which following reason and norms of logic is a reliable path to knowledge and wellbeing. I argue that solution to this problem is to take body into account. Traditional approaches in psychology and philosophy often ignore human body. However, numerous findings suggest that body affects our cognition and decision-making through emotions, intuitions, etc., that often go unnoticed by our conscious mind. When offered to choose an object, people prefer that on their right hand side without realising that. Such circumstances, as left and right, insubstantial for rational decision-making, have crucial importance for our body. Bodily influence is structured and predictable, thus I hypothesise that body has its own kind of rationality, working in parallel to intellectual reasoning. This study will develop and test this hypothesis by analysing the paragon cases of irrationality with positive and negative outcomes. It will go to the flesh and bone of cognition in order to reveal the basic structures of what is deemed irrational according to the standard concept. This project will open new research horizons on two levels: the ground-breaking methodological approach, combining the cutting-edge embodied method and legacy of pragmatic philosophy will be applied to the representative cases of irrationality. This will involve a novel re-reading of the empirical material of cognitive science, religious studies, and psychology, challenging traditional ideas about human cognition and developing a novel theory of irrationality, thus promoting European excellence in research and practical dealing with irrationality in policy making.

Mots clés : rationality, embodied cognition, irrationality, racism, racial bias, gender bias, philosophy of mind, philosophy of, religion, beliefs, embodied approaches, religious studies, psychology, sociology

Participants :
- Uppsala University (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 305778.24 €