Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet MicroWar (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Climate warming represents one of the most complex issues of the present time and climate models predict further increase of temperature in the next decades. Soils worldwide represent the largest terrestrial carbon (C) pool, exceeding the amount of C stored in the atmosphere and plant biomass. Microbes are known to play key roles in both soil C stabilization and its release into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide or methane. Rising temperatures could accelerate the activity of microbial decomposers resulting in greater losses of C from soils into the atmosphere. However, the extent of microbial response to predicted climate change at global scale is unknown and the details of the structural and functional shifts in soil microbial communities under warming represent a major knowledge gap. Here, I propose to characterize the functional response of “local” soil bacterial and fungal communities to warming in Arctic tundra as northern latitudes represent one of the most vulnerable areas to climate change. This will be achieved by the analysis of in situ ecosystem manipulation experiment simulating increased summer temperatures using metagenomic and metatranscriptomic approaches. In order to assess the global scale responses of soil microbial taxa to climate warming worldwide, I will conduct a meta-analysis of microbial responses to warming treatments utilizing the combination of sequencing and environmental data available in published literature. The validity of the modeled responses of microbial taxa will be checked using the analysis of communities from the “local” experiment. The project will give an answer on the “global” future of microbial communities as well as on the functional responses of soil microbes to climate warming on the local scale. Proposed project will allow to applicant gain the knowledge of novel methods in microbial ecology and represent important transition phase towards applicant’s professional maturity and independent future research career.

Mots clés : microbial communities, climate warming, global change, soil, tundra, climate manipulation, meta study, metatranscriptomics

Participants :
- Czech Academy of Sciences (Rép. Tchèque) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 156980.64 €
Projet UCAS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Clouds are an essential part of the Earth’s climate system with significant influence on the global radiation budget. However, our understanding of clouds in the climate system is highly uncertain, in large part because of the complex network of interactions and feedbacks originating from small-scale cloud processes, such as turbulent entrainment and mixing, cloud-radiation interactions, and cloud microphysics, and the fact that these processes are usually neglected or only crudely parameterized. This is especially the case for low-level clouds such as the trade-wind shallow cumuli, which are the focus of this project “Understanding clouds across scales” (UCAS). Entrainment and mixing have significant effects on the microphysical composition of a cloud and hence its radiative properties. These processes have been classically described by the interaction of turbulence and cloud microphysics. Recent work, however, has identified the saturation of mixed air as another crucial parameter, emphasizing the preconditioning of the mixed air by the interaction of turbulence, cloud microphysics, and radiation. We aim to investigate these processes for shallow cumuli. The project will use observations from a large upcoming observational campaign, but is based on the modeling of aforementioned processes, using a novel modeling approach that bridges the gap between direct numerical and large-eddy simulation, covering all relevant spatial scales from the entire cloud field down to the smallest lengthscales of turbulence in a single model. Resolving this wide range of scales is essential, enabling unprecedented insights on the effects of small-scale processes on entire cloud fields, without the typical restrictions of a limited domain or insufficient resolution. All in all, this project will further process-level understanding of small-scale cloud processes and their effects on the large-scale properties of shallow cumuli, and hence their role in Earth’s climate system.

Mots clés : clouds, entrainment and mixing, cloud microphysics, radiation, shallow cumulus, lagrangian cloud modeling

Participants :
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 162806.4 €
Projet AggregationKinetics (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Mathematics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Cluster-cluster aggregation is a growth process mediated by collisions and subsequent irreversible coagulation events. Surprisingly diverse range of natural and industrial phenomena in physics (formation of rain droplets), astrophysics (star and galaxy formation) and chemistry (polymerization) are essentially driven by the same mechanism. Therefore a sound understanding of these phenomena from theoretical and practical aspects is of utmost importance. We propose a multi-aspect study of dynamics of coagulating systems that undergo irreversible aggregation. The ambitious two-part project will encompass the mathematical analysis, physical derivations and numerical solutions of deterministic and stochastic aggregation models. The first part of the project will have the aim of addressing some of the important problems with regards to gelation, convergence to self-similarity and asymptotic behaviour of solutions of the Smoluchowski equation. The second part of the project will be devoted to the modelling and analysis of large fluctuations in aggregating systems with a focus on generation of exceptionally large clusters where the mean-field description becomes inadequate. To address the latter problem, a theory for the statistics of large clusters within the framework of kinetic theory will be developed which involves derivation of new stochastic models at the particle or continuum level. Dr. Emre Esenturk did his undergraduate education in physics in Ankara. He obtained his MSc in physics and PhD in mathematics at University of Pittsburgh (2011). After this, he did postdoctoral research in the Brown University and Pohang University of Science and Technology. He has worked on a broad range of topics in mathematics and physics including modeling, analysis and computational aspects.

Mots clés : cluster cluster aggregation, smoluchowski equation, stocahstically interacting particle systems

Participants :
- University of Warwick (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet CoPOWER (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

CoPOWER will adopt state-of-the-art archaeological and bioarchaeological approaches to investigate the transition to urban society and the rise of increasingly sophisticated social control mechanisms in Europe 1200-500 BC. The rich burial record of Austria and northeast Italy is used as a case study. Many research projects have investigated social complexity and urbanization in the study area by focusing on the elite groups that supposedly spearheaded these processes; by contrast, CoPOWER will explore the life-histories of the marginal individuals that are often the forgotten victims of history. In doing so, it will (a) contribute to develop an analytical framework for identifying and assessing potential bioarchaeological correlates of social change and disruption in the mortuary record of any given society and (b) promote marginality studies in archaeology. These aims will be achieved by building upon the ER's previous expertise in archaeological theory, in conjunction with the new skills in human osteology, isotope and DNA analysis she will acquire over the MSCA. Through high-quality training at OREA and the Natural History Museum in Vienna, the ER will not only learn about human skeletal biology and various analytical and laboratory procedures, but also how to interpret the data resulting from these methods within a broad, comparative anthropological framework for bioarchaeological problem-solving. Collaboration on OREA’s ECR-funded project The Value of Mothers to Society will also provide crucial training in project management and added-value knowledge on the gender dimension of inequality in Europe’s late prehistory. The contributions of CoPOWER to understand the processes leading to social change and marginality under socio-environmental stress are extremely timely in today’s worldwide order; its results 'will therefore fulfil the Horizon 2020 Programme’s aims to promote EU excellence through top research across Europe and through a knowledge-based society.

Mots clés : bio archaeological approaches to social marginality, funerary evidence, late bronze age and iron, age  1200 500 bc, social exclusion, transition to urban society in europe

Participants :
- Austrian Academy of Sciences (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 166156.8 €
Projet DISHY (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Coastal marine ecosystems are of high socio-economic and ecological importance. However, these ecosystems are under anthropogenic pressures. Among these anthropogenic pressures, two major growing threats are represented by hypoxia (due to eutrophication) and oil pollution. These 2 major threats are particularly presents and coexist in European marine coastal ecosystems. However, scarce studies have investigated the biological impacts of their interaction. Consequently, this project intends to evaluate the potential biological effects caused by oil pollution in hypoxic situations. Additionally, this project will consider dispersant use as a response technique for oil released in these hypoxic areas. Practically, the research actions will estimate the synergistic biological effects of dispersant, oil and hypoxia on a teleost fish species of ecological and economic importance for Europe: the sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax. The approach will firstly evaluate the hydrocarbons contamination induced by the interaction of stressors (Work Package 1). Then, biological effects will be evaluated, at the sub-individual level, by assessing sensitive indicators related to oxidative stress (Work Package 2). Finally, indicators of ecological significance, related to fish behavior, locomotion and metabolism, will be assessed at the organismal level (Work Package 3). The complementarity between the fellow and the supervisors’ profiles and the environment provided by the host and partner organizations insure the achievement of this timely and innovative project as well as the dissemination and exploitation of the expected results. These outputs will permit to inform decision makers on the ecological and environmental issues of oil spill in hypoxic areas and to advise oil spill responders on the appropriateness of dispersant use in these areas.

Mots clés : fish, behavior, dispersant, hypoxia, oxidative stress, contamination, antioxidant, locomotion, oil spill

Participants :
- National Research Council (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 168277.2 €
Projet SHIEELD (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Coasts worldwide are experiencing ever-increasing flood risk and coastal erosion. To simultaneously enhance the efficiency of coastal defence and improve the ecological status of coastlines, the scientific community has recently proposed the use of nature-based solutions. Eelgrass canopies have the potential to contribute to coastal defence by attenuating waves and stabilizing sediments so that coastal erosion is reduced. However, the value of eelgrass in nature-based solutions has never been assessed adequately. The ambitious goal of the SHIEELD project is to assess the protective value of eelgrass in coastal defence. To achieve this goal SHIEELD will investigate: - The flow resistance and wave attenuation of eelgrass canopies in oscillatory flows and combined wave-current flows with laboratory experiments in an open-channel facility and using eelgrass surrogates, a novel device to measure the drag force of eelgrass at a patch scale, flow diagnostic techniques and wave gages; - The effects of eelgrass below and aboveground biomass on sediment mobility thresholds with a dedicated field campaign using an innovative portable flume. The project will develop novel tools, based on drag partitioning theory, to estimate eelgrass contribution to coastal defence in a range of hydraulic conditions. Findings of SHIEELD will be translated towards a policy brief so that water managers and policymakers can take more-informed decisions in the context of nature-based solutions. The proposed fellowship will enable a strong interdisciplinary collaboration between the applicant, a researcher with experience in flow-vegetation interactions, and the supervisors, an expert in environmental fluid mechanics and a world leader in nature-based solutions for coastal defence. During this fellowship the applicant will undertake advanced training to enhance his scientific, transferable and networking skills, and empower his career for a tenure track position or a consultant role.

Mots clés : nature based solutions for flood defence, coastal erosion, flow vegetation sediments interactions, eelgrass, seagrass, flow resistance, wave attenuation, ecohydraulics

Participants :
- Polytechnic University of Turin (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183473.28 €
Projet CIModelPLUS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Cochlear implants (CIs) are proven effective in restoring hearing to the severe-to-profoundly deaf. Up to 2012, there were more than 100,000 CI users in Europe, which only accounts for 7% of all adult CI candidates. The most severe limitation of current CI technology is caused by the wide spread of electric current in the cochlea, which results in a poor spectral resolution of electrical stimulation of the nerve and limits the number of effective electrodes. Computational models of the cochlea have been used to facilitate the development of CIs. These models depend on the geometry of the reconstructed cochlea and the exact knowledge of the electrical impedances of different tissues. However, only crude estimation of the impedances of all media is available, and most computational models of the cochlea only adopted an ideal representation of the geometry. Therefore, CIModelPLUS aims to provide engineers an advanced computational model of the cochlea with incorporated CI, which will show improved accuracy of the electric current distribution in the tissues, in order to facilitate the development of next-generation CIs. To fulfil this aim, computational models of cochleae will be reconstructed from the µ-CT scans of temporal bone specimens, and the electric current distribution inside the cochlea will also be measured experimentally. The simulation and experimental results will later be combined to develop the advanced computational model of the cochlea. CIModelPLUS involves interdisciplinary research between engineering, physics, neuroscience and medicine, and intersectoral collaboration between academia and CI industry. It will lead to the future development of CIs due to the accurate and validated computational approach adopted, and the advancement of CI technology will improve the quality of life of over 100,000 current CI users and other CI candidates in Europe, as well as that of their families and the communities that they reside in.

Mots clés : cochlear implant, computational modelling, electrical engineering

Participants :
- Technical University of Munich (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 159460.8 €
Projet SingCelCD (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Coeliac disease is a chronic autoimmune-like enteropathy induced by dietary gluten in 0.5-2% Europeans. A rare but specific complication is the onset of invasive enteropathy-associated lymphomas. The host laboratory has demonstrated that in approximately 70% of CD patients, invasive lymphomas are preceded by a clonal low-grade intraepithelial lymphoproliferation, usually called type II refractory CD (RCDII). I intend to take advantage of my experience in cellular immunology and single-cell analyses: 1- to analyse the peri-tumor microenvironment and search for anti-tumoral T cell response in RCDII; and 2- to analyse the functional intra-clonal heterogeneity among RCDII malignant cells. The results should provide further insight into the mechanisms, which control disease progression and will help us to assess therapeutic strategies. This project will complete and extend the on-going genomic analysis of lymphomas complicating CD. It will notably help to assess if the JAK1/STAT3 pathway is a pertinent therapeutic target and the possible interest of checkpoint inhibitors. To achieve the aims of the innovative translational project, I will integrate one of the European leader research center in genetic diseases, giving me the opportunity to gain experience in translational immunology and human genetics, as well as to reinforce my expertise in cutting-edge single cell technologies and bioinformatics. Overall this project represents a unique stepping-stone to complete my training in pathophysiology and establish collaborations, which should put me in excellent position to establish as an independent researcher.

Mots clés : coeliac disease, lymphoma, single cell analysis

Participants :
- Institut des maladies génétiques (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 196707.84 €
Projet WEN (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Collaborating with Dr Ramona Wray (RW) of Queen’s University Belfast (QUB), an authority in editing and early modern women’s writing, the experienced researcher, Dr Ann-Maria Walsh (AMW), will undertake a fellowship – Women’s Epistolary Networks, 1600-1700: Ireland and Beyond (WEN) – to examine how one family of seventeenth-century women corresponded across European territories. At the centre of the fellowship are the 350+ manuscript letters produced between 1605 and 1691 by the Boyle women – the wife, daughters, daughters-in-law and grand-daughters of the 1st Earl of Cork. These extant and largely unexplored letters reflect the perspectives of three different generations and coincide with a hugely significant and tumultuous period in Irish, British and European history. Interweaving the disciplines of English, history, gender studies, Irish studies and European Studies, the fellowship will transform understandings of the relationship between literature, history and women’s writing. The fellowship will facilitate AMW’s mobility and produce a website, a major scholarly edition, an interdisciplinary conference and a co-edited volume of essays. Relevant training will run throughout the fellowship. A secondment will ground the fellowship’s archival scholarship in the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland (PRONI) and equip AMW with practical experience of archiving, curatorship and electronic cataloguing. This will allow AMW to develop the skills necessary to work effectively across European archives and embed the intersectoral skills increasingly required of an academic today. In addition, the mentorship of RW will provide an apprenticeship in editing which, alongside a previously published monograph, will establish AMW as a leading scholar of seventeenth century women’s history and literature. In this way, the fellowship will advance AMW in her scholarly achievements and richly enhance her career prospects.

Mots clés : women, letters, seventeenth century, ireland, europe, epistolary, network

Participants :
- Queen's University Belfast (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet SUPRACELL_COMMUN_CCT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Collective chemotaxis (CCT) is a fundamental process for embryonic development and cancer metastasis, where groups of cells collectively migrate in response to a chemoattractive signal. While single cell migration depends on polarised actomyosin mechanotransduction and signalling cascades within the same cell, in CCT these functions are shared between different cells to achieve a coordinated, ‘‘supracellular’’ translocation. The molecular mechanisms underlying coordination and cell-cell communication during CCT have been largely overlooked. I propose to address this issue using the neural crest (NC), a highly invasive mesenchymal cell population that migrates throughout the embryo via CCT. NC migration shows extensive similarities with cancer invasion, making it a useful model for studying metastatic migration. Preliminary experiments show that an actomyosin ring-shaped cable, which surrounds the NC cluster, contributes to maintain a supracellular organisation. Also, during CCT, gap junctions appear to regulate synchronous actomyosin contractions in cells located at the cluster’s rear. Therefore, I will study this contractility dynamics in-vitro and in-vivo using Xenopus and zebrafish. I will manipulate the actomyosin cable to understand its contribution to efficient chemotaxis. Then, I will investigate how gap junctions enable synchronisation between neighbouring cells, by imaging the spread of calcium waves in NC clusters and manipulating other diffusible messengers. This study will give significant insights into the mechanisms regulating CCT, which is crucial for deepening our understanding of morphogenesis and cancer biology.

Mots clés : collective chemotaxis, neural crest, gap junctions, actomyosin, calcium waves

Participants :
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €