Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet DerRadIslam (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The main target is to provide a de-radicalized exegesis of violence against the Other in the Qur’an: from the first verse pronounced in chronological order to the last, without altering the historical reality and thus the cruelty of the Prophet Muhammad’s age, but deconstructing the sources of contemporary neo-Salafist fundamentalism. Violence in its religious premise as well as its adoption in Islam, has become a normal praxis both in reference to a sharp increase in internal conflict: not only between Sunni and Shi’a, but among Muslims who support different radical points of view in relation to other religions: Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhist and atheism. This topic could be considered very popular; however, the exegetical studies that focus on each individual verse on the relationship between the Islamic revelation and the violence against non-Muslims, are limited and usually not linked to a historical-critical and metaphorical approach. This work raises the triple target of understanding, first of all, where and when every single verse of “violence” was pronounced, the historical exegetical interpretation in relation to a literary and metaphorical understanding and finally the trivialized deconstruction adopted by Islamic fundamentalism today.

Mots clés : islamic studies, quranic studies, violence, non  muslims, deradicalization

Participants :
- University of Navarra (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 170121.6 €
Projet MOFUS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The main target of the proposed research project is to gain and transfer knowledge in the promising research field of hybrid photonic gas sensing technology with novel metal oxide functionalized carbon nanomaterials (MOCNMs) for rapid detection of various target gas analytes, which includes but not limited, environmental pollutants, toxic gases and explosive warfare agents. The MOFUS is focused to develop new hybrid localized surface plasmonic (LSP) gas sensors in conjunction with MOCNMs to achieve rapid and efficient sensing of target gas analytes with high sensitivity and selectivity. We propose innovative approach, which combines training and career development of upcoming potential researchers, use of optical properties of the new MOCNMs and development of hybrid LSP-MOCNMs photonic sensors by novel micro-fabrication tools. The project will thus contribute to monitoring and detection of toxic species of gaseous molecules, and optimization of cleaning routine after environmental and industrial pollution. Hence, positive impact on training of young scientists, safety of ambient environment and public health care is anticipated. The Fellow – Dr. C. M. Raghavan – will be trained in the fast growing field of hybrid photonic sensors and industrial applications to progress his career upon mature Senior Scientist position in advanced research institute. Success of MOFUS in study of new hybrid photonic gas sensors can result in number of advanced applications for environmental safety and health care monitoring. The scientific community will gain from the knowledge on new compounds, by understanding of key optical properties of these materials (as well as performance of potential devices based on them). The engineering community will be able to use such materials to fabricate novel photonic devices. Finally, the society will gain from new pollutants detection methods, while industry will gain from new tools for reliable control of the potential hazard.

Mots clés : carbon nanomaterials, functionalization, gas sensors, localized surface plasmons, optical sensing

Participants :
- Aston University (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet EvolBehavGenArch (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The maintenance of genetic diversity in the face of neutral and non-neutral processes that continually erode it is one of the longstanding puzzles of biology. Natural selection shapes the genetic variation provided by mutation, segregation and recombination to (generally) improve fitness, but it is often difficult to obtain measures of fitness and genetic variation in the interesting, but uncontrolled, natural environments in which we find organisms. A related question is the heritable basis of phenotypic variance. Knowing the genetic architectures of well-defined traits – the number and type of loci that contribute to phenotypic variance, and the distribution and conditionality of their effects – is central to our general understanding of evolutionary processes, and for our ability to predict phenotypes of interest in agriculture and medicine. In this context, the genetic basis of behavioural variation is particularly fascinating but poorly understood. Caenorhabditis elegans is an exceptional model system with which to tackle these problems, and experimental evolution provides exceptional power to dissect genetic architectures of well-defined behavioural traits and their dynamic properties under controlled conditions. The proposed research will advance our understanding of how trait correlations shape the distribution of genetic variance, and will reveal, in unprecedented detail, the composition and evolution of behavioural genetic architectures shaped by natural selection.

Mots clés : evolution of correlated traits, behaviour, locomotion, epistasis, environmental interaction, genetic architecture

Participants :
- École normale supérieure PSL (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 185076.0 €
Projet Red and White (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The overarching question Red & White asks is how has science and technology been leveraged to expand the wine industry globally in the 20th and 21st centuries and how has that shifted the taste of the wines as the climate warms? Answering this question requires a set of interdisciplinary methods. My training in the history of science and technology as well as my work in sensory history (particularly my theory of a historical palate) only allows me to answer part of the question. To fully answer the question, I need to develop new skills in digital history and material culture studies that are firmly rooted in the environment, which is why UiS it the best place for me to train and carry out the project. Given its interdisciplinary focus and contemporary implications, Red & White will appeal to a number of diverse communities including academics, industry professionals, hospitality managers and the general public to better understand how the climate crisis is reshaping the industry and the flavor of wine across the globe.

Mots clés : environmental history, sensory studies, material culture, digital history, business history, wine industry, globalization, industrialization, anthropocene, history of science, history of technology

Participants :
- University of Stavanger (Norvège) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 214158.72 €
Projet IE2 (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The overarching research aim of this project is to examine the social interactions, dynamics and friendship networks of all students, with an emphasis on those identified as having special educational needs, in mainstream primary schools. The IE2 project strives to understand how inclusive education is being implemented across three countries (US, UK, Cyprus) and contribute to the debate on how to create a more inclusive European society by providing rigorous research evidence and recommendations. The project sets out to achieve three main objectives. First, to develop an innovative and interdisciplinary methodology to understand the social interactions, peer relationships and friendships with the combination of advanced social network analysis and ethnographic methods. Second, to establish a social network analysis toolkit for schools to enable practitioners understand the social dynamics within their settings. Third, to develop a platform for visualizing large datasets within social sciences and humanities. It is anticipated that the project will generate a significant impact on both the educational and social sciences and the researcher in terms of reaching a higher position of professional maturity. This is a project that is innovative and interdisciplinary as it breaks the boundaries between social sciences and humanities and computational studies, mathematics and statistics.

Mots clés : data visualization, social network analysis, social interaction, social inclusion

Participants :
- University of Plymouth (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 251857.8 €
- University of California System (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet INSULYSOSOME (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The pancreatic β cell harbors an exemplary nutrient sensing machinery that is coupled to secretion of insulin. While mechanisms governing regulation of insulin secretion in response to nutrients were widely investigated, little is known about how nutrients impact on other basic cellular processes such as insulin granule turnover, autophagy and cellular growth, deregulation of all of which have been demonstrated to be involved in β cell failure in type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D represents a major health burden accounting for a large part of exploding health costs world-wide. Restoring normal weight through exercise and decreased food consumption in principle is straight-forward to mitigate metabolic disturbances. However, changing the sedentary life style is very challenging for obese subjects and that at a late disease stage, β cell failure becomes irreversible. There is an emerging endeavor of the pharmaceutical industry to develop strategies targeting the β cell that go beyond improving insulin secretion. A prevailing concept in cell biology is that enhanced degradation of cellular components through autophagy can counteract energy depletion caused by shortage of environmental nutrients. My host laboratory recently discovered that β cells employ a very distinct and so far unknown mechanism to adapt to nutrient depletion. β cells induce specific degradation of newly formed insulin granules through lysosomes and suppress autophagy upon nutrient withdrawal. Insulin granule degradation allows for generation of intracellular nutrients and in the same time avoids release of these granules. Their preliminary results suggest that lysosomal insulin granule degradation is dramatically enhanced in β cells of diabetic islets from mice and humans. This increase is accompanied by a drop in autophagy, a known protective process in the β cell. My project will fortify that impaired lysosomal activity, insulin degradation and suppressed autophagy contribute to β cell failure in T2D.


Participants :
- Centre européen de recherche en biologie et en médecine (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 173076.0 €
Projet MouseDepthPrey (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The perception of depth entails the non-trivial transformation from two 2-D images captured by the retinas to a unified 3-D representation of the environment. This computation has been under scrutiny for long, but there are still many unanswered questions about how different depth cues, such as motion parallax and stereopsis, are utilized, and about the neural mechanisms underlying depth perception. In this work, I propose employing predatory behavior in the mouse, a visually guided, robust behavior, as a paradigm to answer some of these questions. For this, I will adapt existing freely behaving virtual reality technology for rendering an environment that will elicit prey capture behavior in the mouse. I will then systematically modulate the depth cues available to the animal to determine the main contributors to estimating the distance to the prey. Since the brain regions involved in depth computations are not well defined, I will subsequently use a head-fixed paradigm to perform functional, single-cell resolution calcium imaging of cortical neurons across visual areas during binocular presentation of prey-like stimuli. This will allow for identification of the neural correlates of the relevant depth cues and their location. Given that the behavior likely relies on binocular cues, imaging will target the primary visual cortex (V1) and its neighboring higher visual areas. V1 is likely the first site of meaningful integration of signals from the two eyes, and its surrounding areas also contain binocular regions. Finally, using the neural evidence acquired, I will image during freely moving behavior to identify the way depth cues are processed for successful prey capture.

Mots clés : prey capture, virtual reality

Participants :
- Max Planck Society (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 159460.8 €
Projet InAndAround (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The period from the sixth- to eleventh- century in Italy is one of the most profound political and social laboratories in European history. Centered on this region and period, the primary goal of the In&Around project is to chart the effects of climate change on human behaviour. By focusing on early and high medieval Italy, the project aims at exploring the interaction between climate variability and human agency with a lens towards management of the environment and in the light of shifting political regimes, while capturing details on past issues of contemporary significance like human mobility and workforce relocation. Within the area of Italy, two micro-regions with distinct medieval histories are targeted for specific investigation: Lucca and Rieti. The project will generate new long-duration and high-resolution climate records from recently cored lake sediments combined with data derived from written sources and already extant climate reconstructions. By way of its innovation-through-interdisciplinary approach, the project will offer important opportunities for expanding the applicant’s expertise through integrating different kind of datasets, while contributing enormously to an expanding field of study in i) determining how data drawn from historical archives, natural proxies and modelling may inform respectively one another; ii) filling in a gap in research both chronologically (the first millennium of the Common Era) and geographically (the Italian peninsula) and iii) producing two new research tools useful for future studies, i.e. a repertory of 'reclaimed lands' and climatic extremes and a statistical model for climate reconstructions. Through its foci on the human responses to climate and environmental change, the project responds directly to the Horizon 2020 Work Programme to understand “the causes of climate change and to pave the way for pathways and solutions to address them”.

Mots clés : middle ages, medieval climate anomaly, land use, workforce mobility, italy

Participants :
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 269002.56 €
- Nevada System of Higher Education (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet WITHDRAWAL AFTERMATH (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The pharmaceutical market is one of the most important industries in the global economy. Projections are that spending on medicines will grow to 1.2 trillion US$ in 2016. Marketing has an important impact in this pharmaceutical industry, but has a particularly negative image. The growing pharmaceutical market increases the pressure for the regulators to approve new medicines and for firms the pressure to market their drugs to stay ahead of the competition. These forces have contributed to the fact that over the past decade many drugs were approved too early, and the number of withdrawn drugs has doubled. A drug withdrawal is when a drug is taken off the market, because it is considered to be harmful typically due to unexpected adverse effects (including deaths). Since the pharmaceutical market directly concerns population health, drug withdrawals can have disastrous consequences. While there has been some research done into the aftermath of a withdrawal from the perspective of the focal drug, very little research has been done on the spillover effects. This project is the first to explicitly focus on spillover effects in the aftermath of drug withdrawals. There are two types of spillover effects to consider (i) across drugs (Do doctors start prescribing the competing drug, or has the withdrawal a negative spillover effect?), and (ii) across countries (If a country lags in withdrawing a drug, does the withdrawal in leading countries spill over?). Advanced econometric techniques will be used to model the dynamics before and after withdrawals, including spillover effects and the dynamics between sales and marketing. Results of this project will not only benefit managers of pharmaceutical firms, but is also important from an economic (i.e. given the size of pharmaceutical market) and societal (i.e. the high profile nature of withdrawals and the role of government agencies) perspective.

Mots clés : product recalls, cross country, dynamic models

Participants :
- Erasmus University Rotterdam (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 177598.8 €
Projet HyPhoCO (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The photoelectrochemical (PEC) CO2 reduction to fuels and other valuable chemicals is an appreciated artificial photosynthesis approach that simultaneously addresses the valorisation of CO2 emissions and the storage of renewable solar energy. Conjugated porous polymer (CPP) semiconductors have been identified as ideal materials for solar energy applications due to their unique advantages of high chemical stability and molecularly tunable optoelectronic properties (bandgap, band position). However, the PEC properties of CPPs have not been explored so far. In this sense, HyPhoCO aims at the bottom-up development of robust, high-performance photocathodes for CO2 reduction, based on abundant and non-toxic CPPs and CPP/inorganic hybrid materials. In a fundamental research approach, the design of CO2 reduction photocathodes will be based on a thorough investigation of the electronic structure and charge transfer dynamics of the PEC CO2 reduction process.

Mots clés : conjugated porous polymers, photoelectrochemistry

Participants :
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 160932.48 €
Projet CORAL (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Doctoral Networks - Industrial Doctorates
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The photonics industry in Europe is in rapid growth, lasers in particular have played a central role in several technological developments for many decades, from communications to medicine. As photonic devices shrink in both physical size and power consumption, integrated photonic devices will increasingly penetrate into consumer products such as smartphones and photonic sensors, for various applications from motion detection to navigation of autonomous vehicles. The European Industrial doctorate program CORAL will address the increasing need for educated professionals in this field, by the training of two young researchers in photonics technology and in particular in the relatively new field of random lasers, which is at the cross-roads between nanophotonics and neuromorphic applications. CORAL proposes a training programme between two world-class institutions, IBM and Imperial College London (ICL) each bringing in unique expertise and providing an appropriate balance of applied industrial research as well as in-depth understanding of the underlying physics. CORAL will bridge the entire value chain in III-V photonics integration based on both bonding and direct monolithic growth to establishing a simulation framework for networks of nanolasers. Both ESRs will gain experience with hands-on laser fabrication in the IBM cleanroom facilities, combined with various optical characterization routines at both IBM and ICL, and they will gain a deep understanding of laser physics from the advanced simulation at ICL. In addition to providing them with a scientific training meeting the needs of the European photonics industry, this will also push the emerging field of random laser networks towards a new level of maturity based on a III-V on silicon platform. Thereby, opening up for potential integration with silicon CMOS, and an entirely new range of applications.

Mots clés : nanophotonic laser, nanowire laser, random laser, multiple light scattering

Participants :
- Imperial College London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 286329.64 €
- IBM Research - Zurich (Suisse) — Partner, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 296903.12 €