Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet SCCAMC (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Carbon chain with true 1D structure attracts significant attentions and are expected to bring new knowledge in nanoscience. It is recognized that linear carbon chain owns outstanding fundamental properties such as higher modulus and stiffness than graphene, extremely high mobility and tunable band gap. However, the preparation and applications were limited by the high reactivity for hundred years. Fortunately, recent researches show the possibility to keep carbon chain exist in special condition. For instance, long linear chain encapsulated inside carbon nanotube, free standing polyyne molecules end-capped by functional group and two dimensional graphyne film made of sp-sp2 hybrid structure, et al. Now, both of basic property study and large-scale preparation of carbon chains are in progress. It is the key moment to explore the potential applications. The goal of SCCAMC is to prepare solid carbon chain-based materials which can be stable in normal condition, and to develop the application on metal-free catalyst for fuel cell. Hence, SCCAMC will provide a common method to largely extend the use of carbon chain. The research will prepare and enrich carbon chains in large yield. Functionalization will help to stabilize carbon chains in high concentration. By choosing different functional group, the modification of physical and chemical properties can be realized. Then it is expected to obtain stable solid materials in normal condition, which will largely extend their using realm. A standard procedure to combine large-scale preparation, enrichment, functionalization and solidification will be set up. Furthermore, the obtained carbon chain-based materials will be used as metal-free catalyst for fuel cell after nitrogen doping. By studying on the detailed mechanism, the design of carbon chain-based materials will be optimized for different application, specifically on fuel cell in this project.

Mots clés : carbon chain, carbyne, fuel cell, metal free catalyst

Participants :
- École polytechnique de Milan (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 172750.08 €
Projet FAAST (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The FAAST project (Facilitating Autonomy in Astrodynamics for Spacecraft Technology) is proposed for developing autonomous guidance and control algorithms for CubeSats and other interplanetary spacecraft. This project will be conducted with Prof. Francesco Topputo of the DART group at Politecnico di Milano (Polimi) in Italy, which has expertise in deep-space guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) from its past and present involvement with ESA projects, including multiple CubeSat missions. The primary focus of FAAST is on autonomous orbit guidance and control for deep-space scientific space missions - a challenging problem which currently must be handled by dedicated teams of engineers on Earth which support the spacecraft's operations. In particular, this work is concerned with autonomous guidance and control in the vicinity of asteroids, which presents a particularly challenging environment. The FAAST project will contribute to, benefit from, and interface with the DART group's EXTREMA project, a 5 year (2021-2026) €2M project funded by the European Research Council. EXTREMA is developing new GNC techniques for self-driving spacecraft. FAAST proposes research activity that spans from fundamental developments in celestial mechanics and astrodynamics to specific algorithm development and demonstration in a high-fidelity setting. This presents an ambitious course of research for a two-year project, but it is well-organized into four achievable objectives. The researcher holds a PhD in Aerospace Engineering Sciences from the University of Colorado Boulder, a leading institution in spaceflight education and research. The supervisor is a Full Professor of Aerospace Engineering at Polimi, and a leading expert in spacecraft GNC and interplanetary CubeSats. This project has the potential to meaningfully advance the state-of-the-art in spacecraft guidance and control while facilitating transatlantic cooperation between the US and EU spaceflight research communities.

Mots clés : spacecraft guidance and control, astrodynamics, orbital mechanics, autonomous spacecraft, asteroid missions, cubesats, low thrust spacecraft, deep space science missions, dynamical systems theory

Participants :
- École polytechnique de Milan (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 172750.08 €
Projet REMGRAM (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Every day we form memories based on experience. These memories undergo a selective process, during which some become long-lasting memories while others fade away.Memory age can be distinguished based on the neuronal systems engaged during different stages: recently acquired detailed memories rely on the hippocampus (especially CA1),while remotely acquired, more generalised memories depend on cortical activation(specifically the anterior cingulate cortex, aCC). However, our understanding of how certain information from the original event is selected to migrate from one region to the other, while other is lost, remains limited. We aim to explore whether these two regions attend to different information during memory acquisition. To accomplish this, we will employ FliCRE, an innovative optogenetic tool that offers precise temporal control over the tagging and manipulation of cells through both calcium signalling and light activation. This groundbreaking technology allows us to attain an unprecedented level of temporal precision, enabling differential labelling of cells that encode distinct information, such as when a mouse is exploring an environment versus experiencing a footshock or freezing. By tagging and manipulating these diverse populations in CA1 and aCC, we will track their recruitment at different time points. This investigation seeks to shed light on why memory age influences our perception of the original experience differently. By understanding the underlying neuronal mechanisms, we may find ways to reverse this effect, offering a potential approach to help treat maladaptive memories. Our research holds promise in unravelling the complexities of consolidation and its implications for memory therapies.

Mots clés : remote memory engrams flicre circuits information hippocampus cortex

Participants :
- École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195914.88 €
Projet MICROPOPULISM (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

MICROPOPULISM aims at providing an in-depth analysis of the micro-foundations of populism in order to gain a granular understanding of populist rhetoric that can undermine European values, as well as the drivers of this rhetoric and its economic consequences. Management scholars have made progress in understanding the co-evolution of organizations and institutions. Their contributions only peripherally touch upon macro-institutions and ignore the rhetoric element of institutional change. I want to fill this gap and provide a better understanding of how organizations construct macro-institutions, and to conflate co-evolution theory and discourse analysis. This research project takes plays in the context of populism and multinational enterprises (MNEs): MNEs are powerful organizations that shape globalization forces and economic developments. Populism defines political institutions and contains a central rhetoric element as populists frame the political debate. I will delve into discourse analysis and the rhetoric of populists to accommodate the varieties of their ideas. The analysis of speeches, press releases, or social media posts of populists should enlarge the comprehension of the micro-foundations of macro-institutions, and allow for an integration of discourse into co-evolution theory. I will also draw on hierarchical-linear modelling to explore the co-evolutionary causalities between organizations and macro-institutions. MICROPOPULISM will last 24 months and will be conducted at Luiss Guido Carli (Italy) under the supervision of Prof. Antonio Majocchi, an expert in institutions, MNEs, and economic performance. Luiss focuses on political science and management studies and is an ideal institution for accommodating the interdisciplinary nature of this research project. Results of this project are relevant for different societal groups and will thus be disseminated and communicated to the academic community, policy makers, industry, and general public.

Mots clés : populism, mnes, institutions, co evolution

Participants :
- Libera Università Internazionale degli Studi Sociali (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 188590.08 €
Projet LivAdapt (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The development of a multicellular organism requires the precise control of gene expression in space and time so that cells adopt their correct identity. However, genetic mutations can alter this complex process. Recently, transcriptional adaptation (TA) has been uncovered as one of the mechanisms underlying genetic compensation in zebrafish, mouse cells in culture, and Caenorhabditis elegans. TA refers to the phenomenon by which mutated genes (often with mRNA-destabilizing mutations) trigger the transcriptional modulation of related genes, called adapting genes. However, little is known about the spatial and temporal characteristics of adapting gene regulation and particularly during the zygotic genome activation. This project aims to decipher when and where TA occurs during early zebrafish development. Using genome engineering followed by live imaging, high-resolution microscopy and quantitative analysis, I will test the hypothesis that TA is regulated in a temporal manner during zygotic genome activation and that there is a specific mode of transcription during the modulation of the adapting genes (i.e., linear/discontinuous). Furthermore, I will investigate the subcellular localization of mutant mRNA degradation as well as the heterogeneity of the TA response between embryonic cells. Finally, I will implement the live imaging of translation in zebrafish embryo to decipher whether the dynamics of translation is involved during the TA/genetic compensation process. Until now, TA has been mostly investigated on pooled populations of cells. Therefore, we lack the understanding of this phenomenon at the single cell level. This project aims to fill this gap and obtain a better understanding of the spatio-temporal characteristics of genetic compensation which aid in the robustness of vertebrate development.

Mots clés : zebrafish, transcription, translation, dynamics, spatio temporal

Participants :
- Société Max-Planck pour le développement des sciences (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 173847.36 €
Projet StructureSND (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

One-third of eukaryotic genes encode for integral membrane proteins (IMPs) with the majority being assembled at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) after being translated by the ribosome. The SRP-independent (SND) targeting pathway was recently identified as a new route for ER targeting and insertion of IMPs. It was found to recognise a subset of IMPs with a central transmembrane domain, yet it also serves as an alternative route to deliver a broad range of substrates to the ER when their canonical pathways are impaired. The yeast SND pathway comprises three components, SND1, SND2 and SND3. The cytosolic SND1 is a putative ribosome-associated factor and receptor for nascent IMP substrates. SND2 and SND3 are proposed to form a heterodimeric complex at the ER membrane that, together with the SEC61 translocon, mediates membrane insertion of substrates. However, direct evidence for the roles of the SND components and their physical interactions with each other and complexes such as the ribosome and the SEC61 translocon is lacking. This project aims to elucidate the molecular interplays between SND components and other targeting and insertion factors using a combination of structural biology, biophysics, and biochemistry. First, I will establish a genomic tagging system to purify SND complexes from Chaetomium thermophilum. I will integrate mass spectrometry and different biophysical tools to identify and subsequently characterise the interactions between SND components and their associated proteins involved in ER membrane targeting and insertion, or potentially other novel biological functions. Ultimately, I will solve the structures of endogenous SND complexes by cryo-electron microscopy. This work will provide comprehensive insights into how the SND complexes capture a broad range of substrates and execute their ER membrane targeting and insertion, and will thus have far-reaching impacts on our current understanding of membrane protein biology.

Mots clés : membrane protein biogenesis, er targeting and insertion, the snd pathway, cryo em, chaetomium thermophilum

Participants :
- Société Max-Planck pour le développement des sciences (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 189687.36 €
Projet LeafMap (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Leaves show a large scale of morphological diversity. Advanced time-lapse imaging and computational analysis revealed specific growth differences underlying development of different leaf forms in the simple leaves of A. thaliana vs the complex leaves of its relative C. hirsuta. However, this does not capture the differences in genetic networks that underlie these growth changes during development. To solve this problem, I will apply state-of-the-art single cell technologies to dissect the genetic networks behind leaf development and complexity. First, by utilizing multimodal single cell sequencing technologies in high temporal resolution, I will describe the cell-type specific gene regulatory networks (GRNs) during leaf development. By comparing these cell types and GRNs between A. thaliana and C. hirsuta we will be able to make major steps on understanding mechanisms underlying development and diversity of leaf forms. To understand how the newly discovered GRNs interact in a developing tissue context I will apply spatial transcriptomics to understand how local genetic changes can influence morphogenesis. To analyze this, I will implement a novel functionality in a software, MorhoGraphX, which was originally developed for microscopy-based growth analysis. This way, it will be possible to directly link the genetic regulators to cellular morphological properties. A selected number of these regulators will be further investigated with comparative genetic methods empowered by gene editing.To further extend the findings and place them into a broader evolutionary perspective, I will investigate cell type specific GRNs in two Solanaceae species, one with simple (pepper) and one with complex leaves (tomato).By comparing the commonalities and differences between simple and complex leaves in Brassicaceae and Solanaceae, which occurred independently during evolution, we can reveal developmental and evolutionary constrains underlying differences between simple and complex leaf.

Mots clés : leaf complexity, evolution, development, single cell, spatial transcriptomics, multiomics, comparative genetics

Participants :
- KTH Institut royal de technologie (Suède) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Société Max-Planck pour le développement des sciences (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 189687.36 €
Projet EpiSoDi (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Children who grow up in low-income homes are at risk for worse mental and physical health for their entire lives, a phenomenon known as the “long arm of childhood”. But, understanding and intervening on this process is enormously difficult, as the effects of childhood environments can take decades to become visible in adult morbidity and mortality. What researchers need is a “wormhole”, i.e., a passage through time that connects childhood and adulthood. In the proposed research project, I will examine the utility of DNA-methylation (DNAm) as a “molecular wormhole” for investigating how socioeconomic disadvantage in childhood is linked with (mental)health across the lifespan. The proposed “Epigenetic pathways of Socioeconomic Disparities across the lifespan” (EpiSoDi) project allows me to conduct my independent research project with leading scientists at the Max Planck Institute in Berlin. Building on the Baby’s First Years Study (N=850), I will, for the first time, integrate methylation profile scores (MPS) into a randomized controlled trial testing whether unconditional cash transfers to low-income mothers for the first 4 years of the child’s life cause changes in the child’s methylome in early childhood. Additionally, I will travel forward through the wormhole, by developing MPSs that index the socioeconomic conditions of childhood, and testing their associations with mental and physical health in older adulthood (Health and Retirement Study, N= 4,018). This will generate important and novel insights in the way social inequality shape differential outcomes in (mental) health across the lifespan. Throughout my research, I have sought to bridge social and genetic science to better understand child development. The project fits this aspiration and is an indispensable step in my career as it allows me to extend my current academic pursuits, further grow into an independent researcher and help me to specialize in the exciting field of epigenetics.

Mots clés : epigenetics, methylation scores, social inequality, health across the lifespan, childhood, randomized controlled trial

Participants :
- Société Max-Planck pour le développement des sciences (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 173847.36 €
Projet VirITAS (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

With this proposal I will address a long-known but still not understood phenomenon in plant virology. Despite extreme replication rates in infected somatic tissues, many plant viruses are excluded from stem cells in the shoot apical meristem and subsequently from the progeny of flowering plants, suggesting that reproductive cells possess an exceptionally efficient antiviral defense. Yet some viruses overcome this barrier and pose a substantial agricultural risk of spreading viral diseases through seeds over great distances. Insight into the molecular basis of virus exclusion from stem cells and germline/progeny is therefore of utmost importance. Recent work by the host group leader indicates that RNA interference and plant defense hormones prevent viruses from entering the meristematic stem cells. If this exclusion is sufficient to prevent virus entry to the germline, which factors restrict seed transmission of different viruses, and at what stage of development they are relevant, will be addressed in this action by two independent unbiased screens. First, I will identify candidates regulating virus exclusion from plant germlines and vertical transmission by performing cell-specific transcriptomic analysis of gametes from healthy and infected plants aiming to identify enriched and depleted transcripts suggesting involvement of their products in antiviral defense. Second, I will compare viral seed transmission rates in natural accessions of Arabidopsis to perform a genome-wide association study and identify underlying genomic polymorphisms. The proposed work is expected to deliver ground-breaking insight into the mechanisms of transgenerational antiviral defense and novel mechanisms of antiviral immunity, with a high potential to contribute to disease control in plants.

Mots clés : plant virus transgenerational antiviral barriers shoot apical meristem transcriptomics natural variation polymorphism arabidopsis thaliana

Participants :
- Société Max-Planck pour le développement des sciences (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 173847.36 €
Projet DECCA (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The Amazon rainforest, renowned as the world's largest, plays a pivotal role in biodiversity, water cycles, atmospheric chemistry, and global climate. However, this vital ecosystem is progressively succumbing to vulnerabilities triggered by climate change and deforestation. Main drivers of deforestation are the expansion of pasture and agriculture. Over the past decade, these activities have surged, underscoring the pressing need for a scientific comprehension of the impacts of deforestation across Amazonia. To tackle this challenge, DECCA is adopting a multifaceted approach. First, through rigorous laboratory investigations, DECCA is scrutinizing the impacts of deforestation types on soil microbial community distribution, along with emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs, carbon dioxide+methane+nitrous oxide) and reactive nitrogen (Nr, nitrous acid+nitrogen oxides+ammonia). By analyzing soil samples from different land use categories—ranging from pristine forests to areas converted to livestock and agricultural use—DECCA aims to quantify GHGs and Nr fluxes. This initiative encompasses an exploration of the influencing factors that drive GHGs and Nr emissions, ultimately enabling the establishment of emission parameters. Second, combined with a chemistry-transport model, DECCA quantifies the impact of deforestation on atmospheric chemistry and composition. This extends to understanding the formation of critical elements like ozone, aerosols, and cloud condensation nuclei. Third, a process-based biogeochemistry model is employed to estimate total GHG emissions for understanding GHG budgets and their climate implications. Moreover, DECCA incorporates predictions of land use evolution up to 2050, enabling supplementary model simulations for future deforestation scenarios. Thus, DECCA leads an interdisciplinary endeavor, enhancing our grasp of deforestation impacts across molecular, ecosystem-wide, and atmospheric scales.

Mots clés : atmospheric chemistry climate change amazon rainforest deforestamazon rainforest soil emissions nitrogen oxides nitrous acid atmospheric chemistry aerosol ozone climate change deforestation

Participants :
- Université de Graz (Autriche) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Société Max-Planck pour le développement des sciences (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 189687.36 €