Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet HARMONI. (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

As nationalisms conspire and sectarians around the world rise against coordinated supra-national orders, Europe – the aspiration and the legal reality – is turning from being a principle of harmony to a source of cynicism. Consequently, the historical existence of a common European legal space, the actual purpose of its institutional framework, Europe's history, and its current place in the world are all being called into question. Addressing these challenges now demands front-line action by jurists and historians; it is their calling to counterweight the resurgence of blinkered narratives of national law and rediscover the “seamless web” of legal history. Answering this calling, the proposed action will investigate the lost tradition of ‘harmonic jurisprudence’ that first conceived Europe as one of humanity’s discrete legal experiences. To do so, the action will select as its focus the unique and relatively neglected works of legal historiography written by the seventeenth-century jurist, historian, and Hebraist John Selden (1584-1654). The project will centre on Selden’s effort to balance, preserve, and harmonize the history of English law within the inclusive order of nations that his reading of medieval and modern European jurisprudence recognized. Thus, it will bring to light the cogent yet overlooked reasoning by which Selden demonstrated that no law, however discrete, can rightfully be understood if isolated from the continuum of legal experience. It is the purpose of this multidisciplinary project to understand 'why'. Developing a global synergy between the University of Michigan Law School and the School of History at the University of St Andrews, the action will document and explore Selden's layered answers in nine critical contributions to legal historiography. Thus, it will reassess their meaning and relevance through an innovative combination of close reading, comparative historical criticism, and historically committed jurisprudential analysis.

Mots clés : european and comparative legal history, english and european jurisprudence, history of legal historiography, order of nations, harmony

Participants :
- University of Michigan–Ann Arbor (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of St Andrews (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 271732.8 €
Projet ConvergentDODA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

As sessile organisms, plants have evolved a diverse array of specialized metabolites to respond to their environments. Specialised metabolites are frequently restricted to particular plant lineages, such as the specialised betalain pigments, which are unique to the flowering plant order Caryophyllales - betalains will be familiar as the colour of beetroot. However there are also striking examples of convergent evolution, with the same specialized metabolites emerging independently in different lineages. The host laboratory has recently shown that the betalain biosynthesis pathway has evolved multiple times within Caryophyllales. Underpinning four convergent origins of betalain pigmentation, the central enzyme in the betalain pathway, 4,5-DOPA-extradiol -dioxygenase (DODA), has evolved four times via gene duplication and neofunctionalization. Preliminary data indicate that DODA enzymes from different origins have distinct kinetic profiles, of significance to biotechnology. In the proposed research, I will elucidate the molecular basis underlying the repeated evolution of L-DOPA dioxygenase activity, and resolve the molecular evolutionary trajectories underlying different enzymatic catalytic profiles across different origins of betalain synthesis. Convergent evolution provides a natural experiment in understanding the genetic basis of repeated emergence and optimization of a metabolic pathway. In exploring the molecular basis of the convergent evolution of high DODA activity, I expect to address many central questions in evolutionary biology, including the respective roles of parallel evolution, epistasis, adaptive constraint, and contingency, in the evolution of molecular complexity.

Mots clés : convergent evolution, l dopa 4, 5 dioxygenase, metabolic engineering, molecular, convergence, protein characterisation, molecular evolution, enzyme evolution

Participants :
- University of Cambridge (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet CLEAN (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

As the EU pushes ahead with its energy and climate agenda, it will need a broad range of cleaner energy sources including natural gas, if it is to retain its leading position in emission reductions in a carbon constrained world. Europe has enough gas to meet around half of its own demand for another 25 years. The public concerns of geological disaster, underground pollution, contaminated water and damage to ecosystems are the major obstacles to the shale gas revolution in Europe. Therefore, this fellowship aims to relieve the energy security and carbon emission issues in Europe by introducing a new environmental-friendly technique for shale gas exploitation combined with carbon storage process, named as pure CO2 Fracturing and Storage in Shale technique, from the fundamental science of hybrid engineering. The direct impact from this new technique estimated as for a single typical shale gas well, 30000 tons of fresh water will be saved and 150 tons of underground polluting chemicals will be prevented and a minimum of 15000 tons of CO2 will be embedded. Furthermore, a toolkit and platform to enable the integration of resiliency-improving monitoring and forecasting wellbore infrastructure will developed by combining traditional laboratory and field studies, data mining, machine learning, uncertainty quantification and reliability-based design so to utilize the data to its full potential.

Mots clés : pure co2 fracturing, co2 storage, shale gas exploitation, wellbore infrastructure monitoring, machine learning, data mining

Participants :
- University of Warwick (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 319400.64 €
Projet STROMASS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Statut du projet : SIGNED

As the Fukushima nuclear accident proved, the analytical laboratories cannot provide a rapid response for 90Sr contamination using the classic radiometric measurement methods resulting in poor public information which significantly decreases the trust towards governmental institutes. However, the monitoring of 90Sr is important since it is a “bone-seeker” element and is easily accumulated in bone tissues causing long term radiation exposure among the population. As a pure beta particle emitter radionuclide, the determination of 90Sr is a complex and time-consuming task (min. 1 day) due to the necessity of sample preparation and chemical separation of Sr. The scientific aim of this research project is to maximize the merit of mass spectrometry to fulfil the request of society for prompt and reliable information in case of a nuclear event. For this purpose, the latest state-of-the-art instruments, Agilent 8800 ICP-QQQ-MS and Cetac Teledyne Excite Excimer Laser ablation system will be used in an interdisciplinary approach to shorten the analysis time (<2 hours) and minimise the sample intake (<1 g). The new method will have a positive impact on environment protection because of the reduction of corrosive chemical usage. There will be further opportunities to determine radionuclides, such as U, Pu, I, and Cs isotopes giving benefit to the industrial application. To diversify the applicant’s competence and mend his shortcomings, training will be provided in student supervision, leadership, research funding and networking. The host and his institute will benefit from experiences related to the Fukushima accident, 90Sr analysis with mass spectrometry and explore new cooperation opportunities with Japanese and Hungarian researchers. With the help of this action, the applicant will be successfully reintegrated into Europe and set up his own research network and laboratory that will motivate further collaboration in the future.

Mots clés : 90sr, inorganic mass spectrometry, radiochemistry, radionuclide analysis

Participants :
- Jožef Stefan Institute (Slovénie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 150040.32 €
Projet SAL-MOVE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

As the global environment changes, species are increasingly suffering mismatches between their seasonally timed movements and the conditions that they encounter. The long-distance migrations of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from their natal rivers to their marine feeding grounds and back again are a charismatic example of such seasonally timed movements. The timings of both the outward and return migrations are heritable, and vary substantially within and among populations, likely reflecting selection to enter the marine environment when survival conditions are optimal and return to the freshwater when breeding success is maximized. Importantly, salmon cannot observe the conditions at their destination and must rely on proximate cues, in particular photoperiod, to schedule their migration. Globally, salmon migrations have advanced over recent decades, suggesting that phenological mismatch could be a factor in ongoing Atlantic salmon declines. How and whether a species can adjust its migratory timing to match new conditions depends on the underlying genetic architecture of this timing. SAL-MOVE will establish a global collaborative network of salmon researchers, collate existing datasets, and apply state-of-the-art genomic analysis to characterize the environmental correlates and genetic basis of Atlantic salmon migration timing throughout its range. This information will be combined with future climate scenarios in an eco-evolutionary modelling framework to predict how Atlantic salmon populations will be impacted by anthropogenic change via their migration phenotypes and genotypes. Results from SAL-MOVE will be used to directly guide management actions intended to increase the security of wild Atlantic salmon.

Mots clés : salmon, phenology, migration, genetic architecture, climate change

Participants :
- Government of Canada (Canada) — Partner, organization partner, Organismes publics (hors enseignement & recherche), subvention : 0.0 €
- University of the Highlands and Islands (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 258498.24 €
Projet Forschung begreifen (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : European Researchers' Night
Statut du projet : CLOSED

As the world is confronted with climate change it is of vital importance to show the impact of global warming and to promote sustainability. Due to this reason, one of three key focuses of the European Researchers’ Night in Austria will be to enhance the understanding and promote current research in the fields of climate and sustainability. The second key focus is citizen science, which is an efficient way to democratise science and to bring the public and science closer together for enhancing both public knowledge as well as understanding of science. Moreover, in order to open up new perspectives of seeing the world, it is more than necessary to understand arts and show the diversity of research in this area. In this context, the third focus of the European Researchers’ Night event “Forschung begreifen” (Understanding Science & Research) in Vienna will be Arts & Research. All three key focuses will be promoted in several pre-event activities such as trainings, workshops, challenges and conferences as well as in a broad spectrum of innovative activities at the actual European Researchers’ Night. This event will incorporate formats such as Science Slams and Science Cafes, more than 60 scientific booths and 16 workshops, as well as social activities to bring public and science closer together, but also to encourage young people to pursue a career in the STEM domains. Researchers from more than 25 domains and almost all significant research institutions in Austria committed to be part of the European Researchers’ Night activities. Moreover, support for the event and its promotion was stated by Austrian ministries (including also financial support), other public stakeholders, funding agencies and initiatives. The project “Forschung begreifen” integrates 5 partners with different competences, backgrounds and public outreach, therefore being able to implement a successful European Researchers’ Night in Austria in 2020.

Mots clés : science, research, citizen science, arts and research, stem, science slam, workshops, general public

Participants :
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (Autriche) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 8000.0 €
- University of Applied Arts Vienna (Autriche) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 7250.0 €
- Practical Robotics Institute Austria (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 56012.5 €
- Science communications schutz & partner gmbh (Autriche) — Partner, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 8750.0 €
- University of Vienna (Autriche) — Partner, beneficiary, Autres, subvention : 9062.5 €
Projet COLIBRI (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

As the world’s population is living longer, age-related neurodegenerative diseases (ND) such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s are becoming a larger global issue. To date, no cure exists, and the European Union considers the understanding and the diagnosis of ND as key research areas. In this context, the overall aim of the fellowship is the development of a versatile method for immuno based brain PET, as a general translational molecular research method that can also be applied for early diagnosis of ND and follow up of the efficacy of novel ND therapies. This will be realized through a pretargeting approach using in vivo click chemistry in brain. More specifically, I will investigate the usefulness of 18F-TCO (trans-cyclooctene derivatives) for pretargeted PET imaging of α-synuclein for Parkinson’s disease. The project will be divided into 4 objectives: (1) Design and synthesis of fluorine-18 labelled TCO derivatives with optimal brain uptake and clearance (“18F-brainTCO”), (2) Evaluation of in vivo kinetics of a polar peripheral blocking TCO derivative, (3) Tetrazine derivatization of an antibody (TzAb) targeting α-synuclein, investigation of in vitro and in vivo binding to α-synuclein, and in vitro and in vivo availability for click reaction, (4) In vitro (autoradiography) and in vivo (microPET/MR) imaging of the TzAb binding to α-synuclein using 18F-brainTCO. The success of COLIBRI will rest on its interdisciplinary since various scientific fields will be covered: organic synthesis, flow chemistry, antibody derivatization, radiochemistry, in vitro/ex vivo tests, in vivo tests in animal models and PET imaging. The project also includes work packages dedicated to the project management (personal career development plan, progress monitoring, budget, ethics and risk management), training (techniques, courses, supervision of students), and dissemination and communication (publications, reports, lab meetings, conferences, popularization events, Internet presence, ...).

Mots clés : pet imaging, synuclein, parkinson s disease, organic synthesis, trans cyclooctene derivatives, flow chemistry, click chemistry, radiotracer, radiolabelling, antibody derivatization

Participants :
- KU Leuven (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 166320.0 €
Projet GTHREG (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

As wild fish stocks are dwindling, aquaculture is increasingly relied upon to supply the growing world demand for fish. However aquaculture operations are largely impeded by our limited understanding of the mechanisms that control reproduction in farmed fish. The gonadotropins LH, FSH and their main stimulator GnRH are key regulators of the reproductive axis in vertebrates. We propose to utilize the unique anatomical traits and rich toolbox of the zebrafish model to dissect the mechanisms driving the differential regulation of LH and FSH. We will adopt a transgenic approach combined with state-of-the-art live imaging techniques to investigate the intricate interplay between GnRH and gonadotropes in the teleost pituitary. Taking advantage of the unique anatomy of the zebrafish, in which LH and FSH are discreet cell types, and the unique expertise of Mollard’s lab in cellular in vivo imaging of the hypothalamus-pituitary tract, we will investigate the functional role of both the circulation and direct contacts (GnRH terminals which directly abut onto gonadotropes) in delivering GnRH signals to target cells and reveal how these signals are interpreted by the gonadotropes to differentially activate LH or FSH cells. The results of the project are expected to provide new insights into the evolution and function of gonadotropin regulation in vertebrates and yield new approaches to control and manipulate the reproductive axis of commercially important species.

Mots clés : gnrh, zebrafish

Participants :
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 185076.0 €
Projet Sulphirulence (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Aspergillus fumigatus, the major mould pathogen of human lungs, is responsible for > 2 million illnesses per annum in Europe . I have discovered that sulphur is an essential host-derived element during A. fumigatus infection . This finding is novel, and highly exploitable as a) Synthesis of the sulphur-containing molecule methionine appears to be essential for viability of A. fumigatus b) Regulation of sulphur assimilation is essential for A. fumigatus virulence and c) The foremost candidate sulphur source in mammalian lungs (H2S) is gaseous, and recently identified as a novel signalling molecule in eukaryotic cells . I now wish to harness world-class clinical and scientific expertise in the field of fungal pathogenicity to identify the precise molecular source of sulphur exploited by A. fumigatus during experimental and clinical infection, with a view to designing novel antifungal therapies. OBJECTIVES 1. To define the role of methionine synthase in A. fumigatus viability I will enforce a mutational blockade upon biosynthesis of the sole methionine precursor, homocysteine, while leaving methionine synthase intact. This will decipher between essentiality of methionine biosynthesis, and essentiality of a secondary function of the methionine synthase enzyme. 2. I have eliminated cysteine and oxidized inorganic-S sources as in-host sources of sulphur. I will now address, via mutational analysis in the fungus, in-host transcriptome and transgenic mice whether methionine or H2S are exploited in the host. Having defined the S-source exploited in vivo, I will seek correlates with human disease by scrutinizing human and fungal genome sequences for SNPs associated, respectively, with human H2S production and fungal sulphur assimilation. 3. I will use A. fumigatus mutants deficient in production and assimilation of H2S to address the occurrence of, and requirement for, sulfhydration of fungal proteins during mammalian infection.

Mots clés : fungal pathogen, sulphur metabolism

Participants :
- University of Manchester (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet THF-OLED (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

At present, OLED technology is expected to be practically applied to flat panel displays and solid state lighting sources because of its unique characteristics of low-cost processing, flexibility, and low power consumption. Till date, a large number of fluorescent and phosphorescent materials have been developed to improve the electroluminescence (EL) efficiency of OLEDs. As a result, highly durable and practically applicable OLEDs using these materials have been realized. However, the internal quantum efficiency of OLEDs based on fluorescent materials is only 25% because of the limit imposed by the electron spin-statistics under electrical excitation. In contrast, OLEDs using phosphorescent materials based on luminescence from the triplet state can achieve 100% internal quantum efficiency. Recently, an alternative realistic approach, called thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), has been established to obtain ultimate 100% internal EL quantum efficiency in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). But owing to rather a long transient lifetime of the triplet excited states, high efficiency roll-off and low operational stability at high current density are pertaining concerns in TADF based OLEDs. To address these challenges, the present state-of-the-art TADF-OLED technology uses a TADF molecule as an assistant dopant and a fluorescent molecule as an end emitter in a host matrix, called TADF assisted fluorescence (TAF-OLED). However, TAF-OLED approach has several inherent technical challenges associated with device physics, fabrication and cost. Through this research proposal we present a more simplified and realistic approach, called TADF hosted fluorescence (THF), to enhance the performance and operational stability by using TADF material as host material and fluorescent molecule as end emitter eliminating the need of external host matrix thus mitigate the technical issues associated with TAF-OLEDs.

Mots clés : organic semiconductors, conjugated molecular materials, luminescent materials, fluorescence, phosphorescence, delayed fluorescence, organic light emitting diode, electroluminescent device

Participants :
- University of St Andrews (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €