Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet SOURCES (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Research in psychology and neuroscience has provided a rich amount of data on the ways in which humans make decisions. Behavioral studies show that for various kinds of problems, people often use simple decision heuristics in order to overcome limitations in time, knowledge and cognitive abilities. Neurophysiological studies show that the use of decision strategies is associated with activation of various brain structures, including novel parts of the cortex and old, subcortical structures. Research by the author of this proposal suggests that the neural systems governing arousal may shape predecisional information processing and decision strategy use. Advanced studies by the supervisor of this project show in detail how arousal systems impact cognitive functions, with a special focus on attention. The knowledge of the dynamics of attention can be applied to advance our understanding of decision-making and the use of rational and heuristic strategies. The general aim of this project is to explore the neural underpinnings of decision-making. Specifically, this project aims to advance a theoretical model of the impact of arousal on decision strategy use, and to test this model in experiments with the use of various neuroscience methods: fMRI, EEG and eye-tracking. The applicant will receive intensive training focused on acquiring advanced skills of fMRI, EEG and eye-tracking data acquisition and analysis. The training will take place at the Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, which hosts several groups that work on topics of close relevance for the current proposal. In turn, the applicant will contribute knowledge of value-based decision making, including the knowledge of computational models of decision-making, the impact of stress on cognition and the role of hormones in decision making. This will allow for a mutual exchange of skills and ideas between the host and the applicant, which should result in novel insights into the mechanisms of decision making.

Mots clés : decision making, bounded rationality, decision strategy use, heuristics, cognitive limitations, emotions, arousal, noradrenalin, locus coeruleus, cognitive models of choice

Participants :
- Leiden University (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 177598.8 €
Projet CRESWUP (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Research in the project aims at increasing the operating temperatures and pressures of fossil fired USC power plants by using a new generation of martensitic high temperature steel as structural material. Higher operating pressures and temperatures lead to higher power plant efficiencies and significantly lowered CO2 emissions. Dr. Chitta Ranjan Das from Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research in India will stay at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) under guidance of Prof. John Hald, Mechanical Engineering Department. The project includes characterization and modeling of new advanced martensitic 12Cr and 10Cr steels from the viewpoint of phase stability under creep loads, and a study of dissimilar weld joints between ferritic steel and nickel base alloy for mitigating type IV and fusion line cracking in service. The investigations are towards applications in fossil fired USC power plants with operating temperatures of 650 C as well as in A-USC with operating temperatures of 700 C. The researcher will acquire skills in advanced electron microscopy techniques and microstructure modeling at DTU, as well as in 3D atom probe at the partner institution Chalmers University in Sweden. He will bring expertise on new welding procedures for longer creep life of dissimilar metal joints to Europe. In addition to widening the competency of the researcher and the usefulness of the new skills to his parent organization, the fellowship will form the basis for future collaboration between India and partner countries in Europe towards developing high performance materials for USC and A-USC.

Mots clés : martensitic creep resistant steels, dissimilar metal welds, electron microscopy, atom probe, microstrucutre modeling

Participants :
- Technical University of Denmark (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212194.8 €
Projet PhotoHeatEffect (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The PhotoHeatEffect project aims to create a breakthrough in our understanding and ability to control heat transport and exciton-phonon coupling in nanophotonic structures. Both phenomena generate detrimental effects like local heating and charge carrier escape in current generations of light emitters. Bridging phononics and photonics will reveal the physics behind such device limitations, hence allowing to develop countermeasures leading to better phononic and photonic designs. Tailoring the heat flow and the coupling between the phonon bath and excitons in nanophotonic structures has strong potential for numerous applications with a wide scope comprising life sciences, optogenetics, electronics, and data transmission. The project will not only boost the European competitiveness in the fields of thermal transport and phononics, both still dominated by US scientists, but even strives to pioneer a unique linkage to photonics. By employing nitride materials - a key research asset in the EU and at the host institute - it will be possible to encompass a wide range of emitters that already affect our everyday life (Nobel Prize in Physics 2014). Such polar nitrides are an ideal choice as they are relevant for classical (light-emitting diodes) and non-classical light sources (few-photon emitters, nano-, and polariton-lasers), which are both suffering from the phononic properties dictated by the material system. The project will resolve this relation by manipulating the phononic dispersion relation and the excitonic dipole moment independently by a phononic crystal comprising by design tunable electric fields. An analysis of these manipulations will be achieved by combining two-laser Raman thermometry and µ-photoluminescence spectroscopy. While the latter technique and an analysis of the exciton-phonon coupling match the expertise at hand, the progression towards thermometry and phononics will boost the applicant’s track record supported by a unique network of partners.

Mots clés : thermometry, heat transport, exciton phonon coupling, thermal phononic, photonic, and phoxonic crystals, phononic bandgaps, nitrides, quantum dots and wells, raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy

Participants :
- Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology (Suisse) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 175419.6 €
Projet MedCoRes (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The Project “Mediterranean Coastal Resources: benefits and constraints for Prehistoric hunters-gatherers” aims to investigate how Mediterranean coastal ecosystems and climatic changes over the last 19,000 years have affected settlement and subsistence patterns during the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition. Studying past human adaptation in coastal zones is a key research topic to understand processes of economic intensification and human resilience to environmental change. We propose to reconstruct the evolution of coastal landscapes around a well-known Mesolithic settlement area through the multi-proxy analysis of sediment cores of Pego lagoon (Gulf of Valencia, Spain). The objectives are: (a) the reconstruction of environmental changes through geomorphological, sedimentological and geochemical analysis and fossils of aquatic fauna in a well-constrain chronology, (b) the identification of vegetation cover changes through the analysis of pollen, spore and charcoal, which are linked to climatic change and human land-use, (c) the reconstruction of the frequency of storm surge marine events using sedimentological analysis, and (d) the evaluation of ecosystems services and vulnerability to human pressures through a comparison of the inferred palaeoenvironmental dynamics with archaeological datasets from the same study area. The hosting laboratory IPHES (University Rovira i Virgili, Spain) is the ideal institutional environment to develop the proposed research during the course of the fellowship and beyond. The researcher will be integrated within, and trained, in a strong collaborative and multidisciplinary network. This fellowship will reinforce the research experience, transferrable skills and audience and outreach of the candidate, and will thus be crucial for her future career.

Mots clés : landscape archaeology, coastal environments, sedimentary archives, multiproxy analysis, mesolithic, neolithic

Participants :
- CERCA Institution (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 158121.6 €
Projet QUANT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The QUANT project is designed to study the spread of the Neolithic in the Central and Western Mediterranean through an innovative and multidisciplinary approach to the flaked stone tools. Particular attention will be given to the study of the tools used for plant harvesting and processing tasks (i.e. sickle blades, blade scrapers, burins), which are the most evident innovations in flaked stone technology associated with the Neolithisation phenomenon. The aim is to highlight different traditions in plant-working techniques, and to determine how these were disseminated across the Mediterranean during the Neolithic expansion, between the seventh and the sixth millennium cal BC. The application of new technologies will be fundamental to the success of the project. Use-wear analysis of the stone tools will be integrated with confocal scanning microscopy in order to better analyse the plant-polish variability, which will contribute to the development of functional studies. Obtained results on the regional diversity of plant-working techniques will be modelled through computational approaches. By incorporating GIS-based cost-surface analysis it will be indeed possible to model the dispersal of the plant-working techniques observed, and thus explore the pathways and rhythms of expansion followed by Neolithic groups during their migrations across Mediterranean Europe. New technologies will also play a fundamental role in the presentation and diffusion of the data. An open access library containing photos, micrographs, and quantitative data on the analysed artefacts will be made fully available online. In addition, results will be made available to the general public through the creation of a blog and a website, and through several outreach activities. The project will be very profitable for both the proposer and the Host, and it will contribute notably to European excellence and competitiveness, enhancing public awareness of European history and past migrations.

Mots clés : use wear analysis, confocal microscopy, neolithic dispersal, spread of farming, plant economy, prehistoric technology, diffusion of innovation, subsistence and craft technologies

Participants :
- Spanish National Research Council (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 158121.6 €
Projet AI4theSciences (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Cofund Doctoral programme
Statut du projet : SIGNED

"Artificial Intelligence for the Sciences” (AI4theSciences) is an innovative, interdisciplinary and intersectoral PhD programme. It aims at training a new generation of researchers at the highest academic level in their main discipline (engineering, physics, biology, chemistry, human and social sciences) and mastering the latest technologies in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning as applied in their own field. It will contribute to create an EU AI pool of excellence to tackle the major global challenges we are facing today and to answer to international competition. Both in the private and in academia, there is a lack of scientists capable of running interdisciplinary projects involving both a deep knowledge of a specific application field and a good knowledge of AI techniques. AI4theSciences programme will recruit 26 PhD students through qualitative HR processes, based on equal opportunities and excellence. They will benefit from a supportive environment to be the scientists of tomorrow. PSL will offer breakthrough research projects proposed by our worldwide renowned research departments, in cooperation with our business partners, plus a strong partnership for technological innovation with the venture capital firm Elaia Partners, dedicated trainings in AI and Machine Learning, and international academic networks. They will be mentored by a pair of PhD supervisors, one specialised in AI and the other specialised in the application field, plus a peer sponsor. AI4theSciences programme will accelerate the emerging “AI PSL Graduate Transverse Program”. Creative outreach events will favor participatory and open science to foster AI4theSciences’s impacts on policy makers as well as civil and economic society making AI accountable. Paris Sciences et Lettres is a unique university of excellence to train this new generation, with 19 schools members pushing the boundaries of a wide spectrum of research areas (45th in 2020 THE ranking).

Mots clés : artificial intelligence and applications, data science, quantitative techniques, interdisciplinarity, engineering, physics, biology, chemistry, human and social sciences, economy, cognitive sciences

Participants :
- Université Paris sciences et lettres (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 2115360.0 €
Projet IN2LISBON (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

"IN²LISBON - Innovative and Inclusive Lisbon" will investigate whether and how public policies and private investments that announce “innovation” in two neighbourhoods of Lisbon (Beato and Marvila), Portugal, promote or neglect the social inclusion of subaltern groups (women, ethnic minorities and low-income residents) and diversity in this city. These interventions are advertised as vehicles for the establishment of “innovative and creative industries”; for the creation of an “open, entrepreneurial city and a world reference”; and the consolidation of Portugal's status as a “cosmopolitan, open and innovative” country. However, the governance of this urban renewal process can also reproduce privileges and hierarchies, and even reinforce dynamics of urban segregation and inequality within the city. The Beato and Marvila area offers a privileged vantage point for the interests of this investigation, due to the clear articulation between urban renewal operations, on the one hand, and the existence of municipal and national symbolic strategies aimed at repositioning Lisbon and Portugal on the global map. Second, due to the scale and the fast pace that characterize this process in the context of a post-crisis economic recovery phase. Third, due to its timing: since the beginning of the current pandemic, many plans, deadlines and ideas for these projects are being discussed, and IN²LISBON will also be well positioned to contribute to this debate. The researcher will count on the contribution and partnership of the Institute of Social Sciences of the University of Lisbon (ICS-ULisboa), with excellent academic resources, namely the stimulating and productive research group Environment, Territory and Society. Based on this unique experience, the researcher intends to assume a more qualified and powerful position to continue his academic career in Brazil.

Mots clés : urban renewal, urban regeneration, social inclusion, subaltern groups, policy public, symbolic representations, lisbon

Participants :
- University of Lisbon (Portugal) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 147815.04 €
Projet Austere Reasons (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

'Internalism about reasons' is the theory that we only have reason to do what satisfies our desires or goals. ('Externalism', by contrast, holds that what we have reason to do need not depend on our desires or goals.) Primary Research Objective: To explore the plausibility and implications of a radical 'austere' version of internalism. Main Research Questions: 1. What reasons do we have, according to internalism? 2. Does austere internalism imply there are no moral rules? 3. Can internalism account for rational choice? 4. Is internalism a form of nihilism? The primary research output (and means of achieving the research objectives) will be a book titled 'Austere Reasons'. Towards this goal, the programme will be organised as follows: an initial period of reading and drafting; an intensive period of writing, discussion, and presentation; two short secondments; revisions and rewriting in light of feedback; submission to the press for publication. Main Objectives: 1. Train the Experienced Researcher in the long-form evaluation of a philosophical theory. 2. Develop the researcher’s transferable skills in research planning, management, and communication. 3. Transfer the researcher’s skills in writing shorter critical papers, and knowledge of evaluative indeterminacy, to the host. 4. Increase collaboration and career opportunities for the host and researcher, and the reintegration of the latter into Europe. 5. Increase public awareness of debates and research concerning reasons. Main Activities: 1. Present chapter drafts from the book at internal and international venues, and secondments. 2. Publish the book with a major press. 3. Supervisory meetings to critique drafts. 4. Host international speakers for seminars and masterclasses. 5. Supervise PhD students. 6. Hold 'clinics' to assist host members with short papers and the international job market. 7. Publish at least one piece in a general-interest venue. 8. Rewrite the 'reasons' and related Wikipedia pages.

Mots clés : reasons, internalism, humeanism, morality, error theory, nihilism, externalism, proportionalism, hypotheticalism

Participants :
- University of Reading (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 114015.3 €
Projet SUPERYARN (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

1D nanomaterials (NM) display the best mechanical and electrical properties of any known material due to their capability to exploit axial properties of nanomaterials in the macroscopic world. These materials are best suited for macroscopic utilization if produced in large amounts. The synthesis of them has nevertheless limited their applicability to niche applications and have remained as a laboratory curiosity. In this proposal we intend to generate an understanding to the process in order to extract the kinetic information required to synthesize a high quality material at high yield. Such information is not straightforward because there are at least 2 additional processes occurring competitively in the reactor and they have prevented the development of large scale synthesis routes. In this work we propose to separate the numerous steps involved in the synthesis and assembly of 1D-NM in order to study and optimize the single steps required to obtain high yield and top properties of the material being synthesized. In the first unit operation, the formation of incipient 1D-NMs will be favored over its competitive reaction; the nucleation of nanoparticles (NP) and decomposition to the walls. In the second step specifically 1D-NM growth will be promoted. In the third, a device to enhance aerogelation of the 1D-NMs into a single yarn will be developed. Finally, the material will be tested and desirable properties in advanced applications, such as battery electrodes, will be associated with the synthesis mechanism. Several materials will be tested as an attempt to generate a more general understanding of the process. The model materials selected are silicon, silicon carbide and carbon nanotubes.

Mots clés : nanowires, nanotubes, kinetic understanding of multistep process, competitive reactions, parallel reactions

Participants :
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 172932.48 €
Projet NeuroUTR (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs) serve as a key platform in the RNA regulatory network that controls mRNA translational efficiency, localisation and stability. Of all human cell-types, brain-specific isoforms have the longest 3' UTRs and therefore their regulation is likely to be most complex. Moreover, mutations perturbing the mRNA secondary structure and sites of mRNA-miRNA interactions can lead to diseases such as neurodegeneration. Isoforms of variable 3' UTRs are engendered by alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (polyA) site selection. Of the many factors contributing to this process, both transcriptional and RNA regulatory interactions have been extensively studied. Yet the regulatory mechanisms responsible for the systematic tissue-specific polyA site selection remain largely unknown. Here I hypothesise that changes in transcription factors, RNA binding proteins, and polyA factors activities together regulate the condition-specificity of this process. Furthermore I hypothesise that the resulting 3' UTR sequence variation contributes to increased protein aggregation in neurodegenerative disorders such as motor neurone disease (MND), a common but incurable disorder in which mRNA metabolism and protein homeostasis are disrupted. Here using bioinformatic approaches I will integrate a variety of genomic measurements, and systematically identify tissue-specific transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory interactions underlying polyA site selection. I will develop linear models to characterise the genome-wide functional coupling between these regulatory interactions and study how these associate with MND in regulating alternative 3' UTRs. In doing this project I will not only advance our current knowledge about RNA regulation but I will enable a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying MND, and in the long term, the future development of new therapies that ameliorate the regulation of 3' UTRs in neurodegenerative diseases.

Mots clés : 3  untranslated regions, rna sequencing data, iclip sequencing data, motoneurone disease

Participants :
- Cancer Research UK (Royaume-Uni) — Partner, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 0.0 €
- The Francis Crick Institute (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 183454.8 €