Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet DECAGON (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Two dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have attracted rising scrutiny from the research community in the last decade due to their outstanding physical, optical and structural properties. Beyond the well-known example of graphene and other exfoliated bulk materials, a new colloidal route has recently emerged towards such materials and offers a high degree of control on the structure of these nanosheets. Among these, atomically flat, quasi-two dimensional, colloidal semiconducting (CdS, CdSe and CdTe) nanoplatelets (NPLs) have very interesting opto-electronic properties. Our goal is to fully exploit the potential of these NPLs by doping them with transition metal ions (Mn2+, Cu2+ or Ag+). With the help of doping in such small systems, we can tune the absorbance, photoluminescence, carrier density and mobility of these materials and extend the potential of these materials for various applications such as field effect transistor, light emitting devices or photovoltaic solar cells. We will devise new synthetic strategies towards doped semiconducting NPLs and characterize their structural and optical and electronic properties using state of the art techniques. Advanced structural characterization (XRD, TEM, STEM) will be coupled to optical spectroscopy (fluorescence lifetimes, absorption, emission and excitation spectra) both in solution and on single objects. Afterwards, we will assemble these thin doped platelets together to form supraparticles and large-scale assemblies using different soft-matter techniques (depletion interaction, polymer grafting, templating by an interface) in order to tune their optoelectronic properties. A fine control of the assembly process would direct to new fundamental collective effects and easy processing and orientation of doped platelets, which is a prerequisite for their use in applications.

Mots clés : quantum dot, colloidal nanocrystals, 2d cdse platelet, semiconductor, doping, self assembly, spectroscopy

Participants :
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 185076.0 €
Projet CONCOM (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Two of the fundamental theories within the discipline of electrical engineering are those of control and communication (along with its mathematical foundation, information theory [IT]). These theories have been studied extensively by mathematicians and engineers throughout the 20th century, and have gone separate ways. The primary objective of control theory is to stabilize and control the behaviour of a given dynamical system in a desired fashion by changing the system input according to its measured output (feedback). In this theory, adapting according to the feedback with minimal possible delay is of grave importance. The theories of communication and information deal with conveying reliably data over noisy media. IT seeks to determine the maximal reliable-communication rates possible, disregarding and often undermining delay and computational complexity. Communication theory attempts to approach the rates promised by IT using practical tools. In the past, control theory was mainly used in well-crafted closed engineering systems (e.g., car and aerospace industries). In the current technological era of ubiquitous wireless connectivity, the demand for control over noisy media is ever growing, enabling numerous new possibilities. Nonetheless, current theory and technology offer one of the following solutions: utilizing a communication scheme that improves reliability at the price of introducing a large delay and then trying to control the resulting system, or adapting solutions from classical control theory to control over unreliable media, known now as cyber-physical control. Indeed, due to the historic disjunction of these theories, no unified theory exists that determines the fundamental trade-off between communication reliability and rate, and delay and controllability. Developing such a unified “communication-control” framework can allow for a myriad of new exciting possibilities, such as remote surgery and self-driving cars, and is the aim of this research.

Mots clés : tree codes, anytime reliable codes, cyber physical control, control over digital communication channels

Participants :
- Tel Aviv University (Israël) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 263385.0 €
- California Institute of Technology (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet EPIC2D (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers receive a tremendous amount of attention because of their extraordinary properties and application potential. Electron-phonon interactions, which couple the electronic and lattice vibrational degrees of freedom in solids, affect a wide range of material properties, for example lattice stability and carrier mobility. Importantly, the strength of electron-phonon interactions in 2D materials can be tuned to a significant extent by electric field doping and elastic deformation, opening up the possibility of rational engineering of electron-phonon interactions in 2D materials. This project aims to employ the state-of-the-art first-principles methodologies developed in the host’s group, to study the electron-phonon interactions, lattice stabilities and carrier mobilities of 2D materials under different external conditions. Density functional perturbation theory and electron-phonon couplings based on Wannier functions will be used to characterize the electron-phonon coupling strengths, Fermi surface topologies and electronic susceptibilities of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides as a function of charge doping. The doping dependence of lattice and phase stability will be investigated. We will also employ the fully self-consistent first-principles Boltzmann transport approach being developed in the host’s group, to study the phonon-limited carrier mobilities of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides as a function of temperature, elastic strain and charge doping. The fundamental mechanisms limiting the charge mobilities of 2D materials and the strategies to enhance them will be studied. The insights gained within this project could provide valuable design principles for next-generation electronic, electromechanical and phase change devices based on 2D materials.

Mots clés : electron phonon interactions, two dimensional materials

Participants :
- University of Oxford (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet MptDM (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Two-dimensional (2D) materials, are crystalline planar structures with weak out-of-plane van der Waals (vdW) forces. Such 2D materials are often associated with extraordinary electronic, optical, and thermoelectric properties, such as extremely high mobilities. Ever since the isolation of graphene, the first 2D material, by Novoselov and Geim in 2004, the family of 2D materials have expanded by hundreds. However, long-range ferromagnetic order is typically not sustainable in 2D due to enhanced fluctuations. Consequently, 2D vdW magnets was only realized as late as 2017. Hence, it was only recently feasible to conduct elusive experiments for exploration of ground states, fundamental excitations and propagation of spin waves. Magnons, which are a quanta of spin waves, are particularly interesting to investigate in these 2D vdW magnets. In 2D, they exhibit step-like function of density-of-states as opposed to a gradually increasing function in three dimensional magnets. Meanwhile, other remarkable discoveries in these 2D vdW magnets such as a giant tunneling magnetoresistance has also been reported to be in close relation with magnon physics. The proposal aims to pursue seminal work in magnon excitation and propagation in 2D vdW magnets and leverage the outcomes to preposition next-generation of electron devices. So far, no report exists in quantifying magnon propagation length in a true 2D material (one or a few monolayers). On the technological front, using magnons instead of electrons to carry information in electronic devices would provide a significant low-power alternative to the existing technologies. The other highlight of this proposed device is the use of electrical signal for both injection and detection, allowing easier integration with electronics components. Driven by these exciting scientific and technological objectives, the project aims to overcome multidisciplinary challenges in physics, instrumentation, material science and device design .

Mots clés : van der waal materials, magnonics, spin charge conversion

Participants :
- University of Manchester (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 224933.76 €
Projet ELECTROQUANTUM-2D (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Two-dimensional (2D) materials, which include graphene, phosphorene, and transition metal dichalcogenides monolayers, exhibit extraordinary linear and nonlinear optical properties not attainable in bulk media. They find tremendous potentials in many photonic and optoelectronic applications, such as all-optical signal processing, optical amplification, nonlinear switching, optical microscopy, quantum detection, and sensing. The availability of first-principle, fast, efficient computer codes is a prerequisite to the bottom-up design of 2D materials. However, theoretical modeling of 2D materials faces great challenges as it needs to incorporate effects of finite size, edge truncation, periodic modulation, nonlocal, and quantum confinement. Here, we aim at developing atomistic electrodynamics-quantum mechanical theoretical models and implementing them in high-performance computing (HPC) software for characterizing, manipulating, and optimizing nonlinear optical processes (NOP) in 2D materials. The main objectives of this ambitious project are: (1) To develop a macroscopic electrodynamics approach for simulating NOP in 2D materials. (2) To develop an atomistic electrodynamics quantum mechanical framework for modeling NOP in 2D materials and compare the atomistic model to the macroscopic approach. (3) To develop user-friendly and reliable HPC software that seamlessly integrates and implements the theoretical models. (4) Using the software and theoretical models, emerging applications of 2D materials will be investigated, including solar cells, nonlinear microscopy, and biosensing. The project will have high impacts on: (1) advances in the science, technology, and industry of UK and Europe; (2) applicant’s future career development; (3) research, industrial, and transferrable knowledge exchange between the host and applicant; (4) design and commercialization of 2D material enabled devices; (5) training of students and researchers in several interdisciplinary disciplines.


Participants :
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet SCOUTFermi2D (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Two-dimensional fermionic systems exhibit some of the most remarkable phenomena in modern physics, combining fundamental aspects with a high technological impact. Their peculiar and rich behavior arises from the interplay between quantum statistics, dimensionality and strong interactions, which also makes their theoretical treatment extremely challenging. This project proposes to explore the physics of strongly correlated fermions in different two-dimensional (2D) landscapes with an ultracold gas of lithium atoms trapped in optical potentials. Ultracold quantum gases are in fact the ideal platform for approaching open problems in condensed matter theory and also an exciting toolbox for the search for novel synthetic phases of matter. The project aims to study fermionic superfluidity across the two-dimensional BEC-BCS crossover, unveiling its special nature by implementing advanced probing techniques such as high-resolution imaging and Bragg spectroscopy and suitable transport measurements that will reliably identify the transition to the superfluid regime. The investigation of first and second sound will be complemented by the study of the coherent Josephson tunneling between two weakly coupled 2D superfluids, a strong evidence of macroscopic phase coherence. By adding disorder, we propose to address the debated metal- and superconductor-to-insulator transitions in a pure controllable fashion, providing new insights into longstanding debates. Finally, we propose to realize three-components Fermi gases with controllable interactions, enhancing their stability in 2D. This will allow for approaching more exotic topics such as color superfluidity and trimer formation, linking our research to quantum-chromodynamics (QCD). An experimental machine has been already set up for the requirements imposed by these goals. The successful realization of the proposed experiments will shed new light on the intriguing and interdisciplinary field of 2D strongly correlated fermions.

Mots clés : ultracold quantum gases, strongly correlated fermions, two dimensional systems, bkt transition, disordered systems

Participants :
- National Research Council (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 168277.2 €
- University of Florence (Italie) — Partner, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet HONEYDIAB-8 (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a metabolic disease that results from the autoimmune attack against insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. T1D usually comprises a phase called ‘honeymoon’, an interesting though poorly studied period of the disease where exogenous insulin requirements are decreased, postulating a possible attempt of β-cell regeneration and a remission of the autoimmunity. The proposed research aims to identify and characterize islet-specific CD8 T cells, the final effectors of β-cell death, in the honeymoon of T1D. We plan to perform a cross-sectional and longitudinal study with T1D patients where the immunological and metabolic characterization will be collected during the first year of the disease, and analysed by flow cytometry, enzyme immunoassays, gene expression and functional assays. The project addresses the characterization of the following unknown immunological features, pursuing a novel concept in T1D field: the role of antigen-specific CD8 T cells in the modulation of autoimmune response in the honeymoon phase. There will be technological and fundamental Immunobiology advances provided by the opportunity to analyse effector cells in these unusual effector memory differentiation states, which presumably reflect chronic exposure to self-antigens. Finally, the highlighting of suitable T-cell related biomarkers for the honeymoon could help in the early identification of the patients with best tolerance re-establishment potential, as well as providing an optimized follow up of future immunotherapies. There are very few studies of key immunology processes as they relate to human metabolism in vivo, and the applicant will learn how to oversee these. The high-quality and originality of the proposed research will open up the best career possibilities for the applicant through and its novelty could also involve industry collaborations.

Mots clés : type 1 diabetes, honeymoon, antigen specific cd8 t cells, autoimmunity, biomarkers

Participants :
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet EpiHope (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the leading causes of death through its deleterious effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD). The complications of T2D can be reduced through early and appropriate preventive and therapeutic interventions. Several studies suggest that epigenetics may play a key role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. However, additional studies are needed to improve primary prevention and treatment of T2D and vascular complications. Our overall objective is to identify novel epigenetic biomarkers of clinical relevance that predict, monitor progression and forecast response to treatment of T2D and CVD. First we aim to identify clinically useful epigenetic biomarkers (DNA methylation will be analysed genome-wide) that can predict the glycaemic response to metformin treatment and future risk of CVD in newly diagnosed T2D patients recruited from ANDIS cohort. Second, the most efficient epigenetic biomarkers identified will be validated in T2D patients from ANDIS using pyrosequencing. Third, we aim to make combined predictive risk scores with our novel epigenetic biomarkers, genetic and clinical risk factors to assess risk for CVD. Finally, we will test functional characterization of the validated epigenetic biomarkers in target tissues from T2D patients, and in vitro follow-up studies will be developed. This project represents an outstanding opportunity for personalized treatment for T2D, proposing for the first time pharmacoepigenetics in this field, and also for the development of a panel of high-quality epigenetic biomarkers together with combined risk scores, aiming to give a new reliable clinical tool for early prevention of CVD in T2D patients. Notably, epigenetic modifications can be manipulated more readily than genomic mutations, and thereby has much of potential for pharmacological applications. In summary, the findings of robust epigenetic biomarkers will optimize the therapeutics of T2D and the preventive care of vascular complications.

Mots clés : epigenetics, type 2 diabetes, vascular complications, biomarker, early prevention

Participants :
- Lund University (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 173857.2 €
Projet Salmofish (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Type III secretion systems (T3SS) are sophisticated “molecular needles” that many pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria use to establish infection. Salmonella enterica encodes two T3SS that are able to translocate a number of proteins, called effectors, from bacteria to the cytosol of the infected eukaryotic cell. These proteins manipulate host signal transduction pathways and cellular processes to the pathogen’s advantage. During the last two decades, many studies have importantly contributed to the identification and characterization of many of these effectors. However, the subcellular localization, host target and biological role of an important number of them remain unknown. The majority of findings of T3SS effectors come from studies using surrogate in vitro models, like epithelial cells or macrophages. In these cases, the extrapolation of results to an in vivo scenario is not always possible. On the other hand, important mammalian models to study Salmonella infection, like mice, do not allow tracking the pathogen once inside its host. Here, we propose an innovative approach using the zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a relevant vertebrate model to dissect the biological role of Salmonella T3SS effectors during host infection. Zebrafish embryo model allow for rapid, non-invasive and real-time analysis of bacterial infections. We will take advantage of the small size and optical transparency of larval zebrafish for live-cell imaging of host-pathogen interaction experiments. This approach allows real-time cell-resolution monitoring of T3SS effectors. This will significantly improve our understanding of infectious diseases in an relevant in vivo context. This project not only will stablish a new in vivo model in the hosting laboratory and open new posibilities in the study of T3SS effectors, but also it will contribute to strengthen my previous experience boosting my future scientific career.

Mots clés : salmonella, pathogenesis, effectors, type iii secretion system, zebrafish, in vivo modelling

Participants :
- Universidad de Sevilla (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 172932.48 €
Projet ride-hailing (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Uber, Lyft, and other ride-hailing companies have transformed the transportation marketplace in over eight-hundred cities around the world. These firms' entry into cities has been controversial. They have been credited with providing a reliable and affordable transportation option, serving neglected areas of cities, and providing meaningful employment. Against these benefits, however, they have been accused of being unsafe, creating congestion, destroying stable jobs, and flouting the law. Governments have struggled to decide how to regulate these companies, in part because of a poor understanding of the actual impacts ride-hailing is having. The proposed research program will increase our understanding of how ride-hailing is affecting cities. Specifically, the project will estimate how ride-hailing affects public transportation. Theoretically, this is unclear since while Uber is an alternative form of travel, it can also increase the reach and flexibility of public transportation. To measure the effect of UBer on transit, I will estimate how the introduction of new subway stops affects Uber ridership. This will shed light on whether Uber and public transportation are complements or substitutes. This project will use Uber's proprietary data. I have signed a Data USage Agreement with Uber allowing access to their data. The project will be hosted by the department of Spatial Economics at VU Amsterdam, which arguably has the world's leading research group of transportation economists.

Mots clés : ride hailing, public transportation, uber, big data

Participants :
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 93786.24 €