Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet QUIET SUN (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : TERMINATED

This proposal will advance our understanding of solar magnetism to unravel the mystery of how the outer solar atmosphere is heated by leveraging a new generation of European observational facilities. The objectives are threefold: (1) Investigate the contribution of small-scale magnetic fields in the quiet Sun (QS) to chromospheric heating by tracking magnetic features across multiple atmospheric layers using high-resolution data from the SUNRISE III balloon-borne observatory. This facility offers unique advantages, such as providing high resolution observations in 14 spectral lines with three instruments while avoiding atmospheric distortions. (2) Reveal hidden magnetism in the QS using the Hanle effect, with observations from SUNRISE III's unprecedented suite of instruments, allowing simultaneous Zeeman and Hanle diagnostics for the first time ever. This will help determine the relationship between the magnetism below the Zeeman detection limit and the granulation pattern observed in the photosphere. I will apply novel machine learning techniques to maximize the physical insight achieved in objectives 1 and 2 from these observations. (3) Disentangle global and local dynamo contributions to QS magnetism by utilizing the first ever out-of-ecliptic observations of higher solar latitudes from the Solar Orbiter (SO) spacecraft. These observations will address key unresolved questions about the generation and evolution of small-scale magnetism and its contribution to solar activity. The proposal is underpinned by secured access to SUNRISE III data, with additional observations planned with SO and potentially the Daniel K Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST), ensuring a comprehensive and risk-mitigated approach to achieving the objectives. The outcomes will provide significant new insights into the magnetic mechanisms driving solar atmospheric heating, with broader implications for stellar magnetism and space weather phenomena.

Mots clés : quiet sun, solar atmosphere, machine learning, observations, spectropolarimetry

Participants :
- Université de la ville de Dublin (Irlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 252728.64 €
Projet STEP (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

This project examines Hawaiian hula dance as a decolonial spiritual practice, which expands the possibilities of living a sustainable and fulfilling life at old age. While traditional Hawaiian ways of living and relating with the land serve as an inspiration for environmentally conscious groups, there is little awareness of the reality of native Hawaiians, who have been expropriated and marginalised in their own land since the annexation of Hawaii by the USA in 1898. Ethnographic fieldwork in California and Hawaii will allow to understand how Hawaiians have used cultural practice to challenge the USA impositions and to transform stereotypical views about Hawaiian culture, gender, and sexuality. I will combine collaborative ethnomusicology and learning to perform as a research method with ecosomatics – the study of the subjective experience of self in relation with the natural world – to learn how hula practice responds to the pressing need of embedding personal transformation and spiritual experience in social reality and struggle. This study will constitute a significant step in advancing the research on gender and sexuality to include understudied experiences of older people. In particular, I will explore the impact of creative self-expression and gendered movement of the physical and mental wellbeing of older women practitioners. Contributing to timely conversations in ecomusicology, I conduct ecosomatic analyses of hula and highlight the socio-environmental relevance of introspective movement. Inter-institutional support of Royal Holloway and University of California will allow to realise this innovative research, which will share a new understanding of human-nature relationships with the academic community and the broader society. Research and training with adherence to high-quality EU standards will enhance the career of the researcher and contribute to the academic excellence of both institutions.

Mots clés : dance, ethnomusicology, ecomusicology, hula, hawaii, pacific studies, indigenous studies, gender, sexuality, spirituality, nature

Participants :
- University of California System (Etats-Unis) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Royal Holloway (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 454103.4 €
Projet MechChem (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Biological patterning involves the spatial organisation of cells and tissues from homogenous states into complex forms, and therefore underlies the development of all living systems. Classical research has focused upon chemical (including molecular) patterning processes, such as Turing reaction-diffusion (RD). In such RD systems, interactions of diffusing activatory and inhibitory morphogens produce stable patterns which dictate the spatial organisation of biological structures. Recent work has shown that mechanochemical processes, in which mechanical cues are integrated with chemical signalling, also contribute to patterning. For example, the mechanical contraction of dermal cells triggers chemical RD patterning of feathers in the chicken. The discovery of mechanochemical processes has constituted a paradigm shift in our knowledge of pattern formation. However, to go beyond the state-of-the-art and obtain a comprehensive evolutionary and developmental understanding of mechanochemical patterning, we must examine these systems in evolutionarily diverse species. MechChem will examine the mechanochemical patterning of denticles (or scales) in the embryonic shark. As sharks belong to an early-diverging vertebrate lineage (the cartilaginous fishes), they occupy the sister lineage of bony vertebrates. Previously, I revealed broad conservation of chemical RD dynamics between both denticle and feather patterning. However, integrated mechanochemical systems in the shark remain unexplored. Using state-of-the-art techniques in fluorescent imaging and biophysical analysis, MechChem will characterise and manipulate mechanical elements of denticle development, to elucidate the roles of mechanochemical patterning. Results will be compared to published work regarding feather patterning and new data concerning avian scale patterning, yielding important evolutionary conclusions regarding the role of mechanochemical systems in mediating biological patterning across the vertebrates.

Mots clés : evolutionary developmental biology, pattern formation, integumentary appendages, mechanochemical patterning, mechanobiology

Participants :
- Université d'Édimbourg (Royaume-Uni) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Université de Sheffield (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 260347.92 €
Projet SUPERIOR (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Currently, two main challenges in Civil Engineering are CO2 emissions and energy shortage, as buildings' construction, demolition, and reconstruction consume 10% of the world's total energy, resulting in high CO2 emissions. Reducing the use of steel rebars can significantly improve the sustainability of construction, as the production of steel rebars is highly energy-intensive, polluting, and costly; and mild steel rebars are heavily susceptible to corrosion limiting concrete structures' lifespan by about 40 to 80 years. Unlike steel rebars, geogrids are not vulnerable to corrosion, improve earthquake resistance by increasing concrete structures' ductility/energy absorption abilities and cyclic loading resistance, and have lower weight-to-strength ratios. So, these potentially increase the concrete structures' lifespan and strength-to-weight ratios; and lower the CO2 emissions, energy/resources usage, and cost, making geogrids a low-carbon alternative to steel rebars. This project aims to contribute to the development of low-carbon concrete structures prestressed with geogrids; which are expected to reduce the CO2 emissions at least by 79% per ton of steel rebars replaced and reduce the global CO2 emissions by approximately 4% if disseminated. To promote and expedite the impact and usage of this new innovative prestressing methodology in the construction market, the research project includes: (1) Detailed flexural behavior analysis, (2) Suggesting suitable mitigation methods against high-temperatures, (3) Developing finite element models, (4) Developing design method including strength reduction factors due to aging, and (5) Value engineering study. In addition, this new innovative prestressing methodology expects to minimize excessive plastic deformation, exploit mechanical properties, and increase performance (such as; loading capacity, ductility, and energy absorption) to cost ratios. So, it's a/an sustainable, eco-friendly, economical, and practical choice.

Mots clés : flexural concrete beams concrete reinforcement prestressed uniaxial geogrids sustainable concrete structures co2 emissions

Participants :
- Université de Sheffield (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 260347.92 €
Projet GEONEAT (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

GEONEAT aims at unraveling the potential of engineered shear-thinning (ST) fluids in enhanced geothermal systems to improve heat recovery efficiency and in heat tracer tests to infer structural parameters of deep hot reservoirs. Cutting-edge interdisciplinary methodologies from applied mathematics and hydrology are merged in a novel framework to achieve two scientific objectives: (1) characterizing quantitatively how using engineered fluids impacts coupled flow and heat transfers in fractured media at all scales; (2) inferring structural information on fractured media from coupling inverse modeling to field measurements of the heat exchange using complex fluids of different rheologies. To this aim, two technical challenges will be tackled: (1) the development of a multiscale model of coupled flow and heat transport in fractured geological formations; (2) the obtention of experimental data in a synthetic analog medium, to validate the model and constrain an inverse model for characterizing the medium’s geometry. GEONEAT relies on the expertise of a top-notch consortium consisting of the University of Bologna (beneficiary, supervisor Prof. Vittorio Di Federico and co-supervisor Prof. Valentina Ciriello, experts in subsurface stochastic modeling), Stanford University (outgoing phase, supervisor Prof. Daniel M. Tartakovsky and co-supervisor Prof. Roland Horne, experts in uncertainty quantification, inverse modeling, and geothermal energy), and the University Rennes 1 (secondment, supervisor Prof. Yves Méheust and co-supervisor Dr. Maria Klepikova, experts in subsurface heat transfers and analog experiments of flow and transport). Dr. Lenci will receive excellent training in the three institutions to pursue outstanding research, propelling his career development towards becoming a tenured researcher in EU academia. GEONEAT will contribute to promoting the growth of a low-carbon, sustainable, renewable energy market, consistent with the EU’s green goals and priorities.

Mots clés : fluid mechanics heat transport fractured media fracture networks upscaling modeling experiments uncertainty quantification neural networks shear thinning fluids inverse modeling

Participants :
- Université de Rennes (France) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Université Stanford (Etats-Unis) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Université de Bologne (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 265099.2 €
Projet FAITH (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : TERMINATED

Professional interpreters provide the highest quality and most instantaneous type of multilingual communication. Across interpreting in spoken and signed languages, users evoke the notion of ‘fluency-as-fidelity’ when they engage with and evaluate interpreters. This notion is also applied to language learners and politicians. This implies that fluency taps into a universal cognitive-evaluative mechanism that provides information about the speaker in communicative contexts. Recent research on fluency has explored small corpora of interpreting and shown the value of the usage-based theory in connecting the social and cognitive underpinnings of fluency. However, prior studies fail to represent the multimodal context of interpreting and remain removed from end users. The intersectional embedding of this notion and the process of explicating meanings in creating fluency often go unnoticed. The project ‘Fluency As faITHfulness: A cognitive approach to an interpreting mega-corpus’ (FAITH) investigates the role of fluency in the production and perception of faithfulness. The objective will be to explain how interpreters create (un)faithfulness using cognitive abilities such as chunking and construal. It will do so by unifying existing interpreting corpora, comparing the production and perception of fluency in political interpreting, and empirically demonstrating the cognitive basis of explicitations in interpreting. FAITH will contribute the first multimodal, intermodal and open-access interpreting corpus and implement for the first time multimodality and intersectionality in corpus-based interpreting studies. It will provide answers to long-standing questions concerning the nature of the faithfulness norm, the explicitation ‘universal’ and language forms in interpreting. Cumulatively, FAITH will further the EU priority of “Promoting European interests and values on the global stage” by enabling intercultural understanding between policymakers and diverse groups.

Mots clés : interpreting studies, corpus linguistics, cognitive linguistics, sociophonetics

Participants :
- Université de Gand (Belgique) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Université de Bologne (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 172750.08 €
Projet SEPTOWHEAT (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Increasing agricultural sustainability has become more than ever a priority. In this sense, wheat plays a central role in EU agriculture as a major crop, and controlling yield losses due to diseases can be a serious bottleneck for agricultural sustainability. Septoria tritici blotch (STB) caused by Zymoseptoria tritici, is a globally occurring fungal disease that causes severe yield losses on wheat and is the source of a massive fungicide applications in the EU. Furthermore, Z. tritici populations evolve rapidly and their adaptation to the proposed control measures (monogenic resistance, fungicides) is a well-known phenomenon. Thus, breeding polygenic STB-resistant varieties is timely and represent the most durable and economic way to limit disease epidemics and reduce fungicide dependecy. However, this cannot be achieved without a thorough understanding of host-pathogen interactions and an extensive knowledge of (1) host resistances and their effectiveness in pathogen populations (2) pathogen virulence factors and mechanisms of overcoming host resistance. The research proposed here, “The Genetic basis of host resistance and pathogen virulence in the Septoria-Wheat pathosystem (SEPTOWHEAT)”, aims to address these gaps by using state-of-the-art genomics and genetic resources, to meet the challenges of STB resistance breeding and pathogen’s rapid adaptation. The project will be articulated in three integrated objectives: (1) genetic mapping of novel resistance loci/genes from diverse tetraploid wheats (2) identification of the corresponding pathogen (a)virulence genes and (3) development of diagnostic molecular assays to accelerate resistance introgression into elite pre-breeding material. SEPTOWHEAT will have numerous outcomes on durable STB resistance, reducing fungicide use within the EU, and will significantly contribute to our understanding of host-pathogen genetic in an important agricultural system.

Mots clés : plant genetics, genomics, plant breeding, fungal pathogens, disease resistance, virulence genes, gwas, marker assisted selection

Participants :
- Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (France) — Partner, associated partner, Recherche, subvention : 0.0 €
- Earlham Institute (Royaume-Uni) — Partner, associated partner, Recherche, subvention : 0.0 €
- Université de Bologne (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 188590.08 €
Projet SYZEFXIS (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Photobleaching is one of the most fundamental and important photochemical reactions, especially in organic optoelectronic devices. This effect can cause permanent damage on the device and limit its performance. It has been recently shown that strongly coupled organic microcavities can be used to alter the excited-state reactivity of molecular materials, and more specifically suppress the photobleaching process. In this research project we aim to investigate the suppression of photobleaching in organic strongly coupled microcavities. We will fabricate and characterize a series of different microcavity structures and benchmark the photobleaching process. Strongly coupled dielectric slab microcavities, containing a number of organic fluorescent materials will be fabricated on top of an inorganic blue light-emitting diode (LED). When the LED is electrically driven, blue electroluminescence will optically excite the strongly coupled organic materials in the slab creating white light emission. Such heterostructures will demonstrate enhanced operational stability due to a change in excited-state reactivity by strong coupling.

Mots clés : molecular polaritonics, organic semiconductors, microcavities, polariton chemistry, polariton devices

Participants :
- Université de Chypre (Chypre) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 164328.0 €
- Université de Sheffield (Royaume-Uni) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet PtAtFoMiP (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The US withdrawal from Afghanistan in 2021 and the subsequent takeover of Taliban has reinvigorated militancy in the border region of Pakistan. The border region formerly known as a Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) became home to domestic and international terrorist organizations such as Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), Al-Qaeda, Afghan Taliban and Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) after 9/11. FATA was used as a training ground for orchestrating terrorist attacks in Pakistan, Afghanistan, United States (US) and European countries. Domestically the terrorists unleashed an era of terror killing thousands of innocent people. They assassinated Pakistan's former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto and shot Malala Yousafzai. They attacked schools, health facilities and banned polio vaccination. The 7/7 London attacks and New York attacks 2010 were planned by the TTP in the tribal areas of Pakistan. Pakistan’s security forces conducted military operations against the militants and militancy began to decline after 2016. However, the recapturing of Afghanistan by the Taliban in August 2021 has provided new energy to the militants fighting in the tribal areas. They are grouping. They are seeking alliance with international terrorist groups and can them refuge in the tribal areas. This project will investigate the re-emergence of TTP addressing the following key questions. What are the key factors responsible for the re-emergence of TTP in Pakistan? How the re-emergence of Pakistan Taliban can pose challenges for women in the area? How the alliance of TTP with international terrorist groups such as Al-Qaeda and IS-K can create challenges for global security? What are the policy options for Pakistan and the world to counter the re-emergence of TTP and its alliance with other terrorist groups?

Mots clés : militancy, violence, extremism, terrorism, women rights, challenges, global security

Participants :
- Université de la ville de Dublin (Irlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 215534.4 €
Projet DETECT (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Ectopic pregnancy affects ~2% of pregnancies and is the leading cause of death in the first trimester. It occurs when the embryo implants outside the uterus, often in the fallopian tube. Placentation, a critical process for pregnancy success, is severely disrupted in ectopic pregnancy. The dysregulated trophoblast invasion in an unsuitable environment can lead to tissue rupture and life-threatening maternal bleeding. Despite its severity, the molecular mechanisms underlying placentation and its dysregulation in ectopic pregnancy are poorly understood. This proposal aims to uncover these mechanisms by combining cutting-edge transcriptomics technologies and computational methods. The project involves three main objectives: [1] Generate the first single-cell and spatial transcriptome atlas of ectopic pregnancy, profiling uterine and fallopian tube samples from donors with typical (eutopic) and ectopic pregnancies between 5-8 post-conceptional weeks. [2] Develop a novel computational framework, MultiCell, to identify differences between eutopic and ectopic pregnancies in molecular mechanisms supporting trophoblast invasion, integrating cellular metabolism, cell-cell communication, and signaling. [3] Validate the effect of identified molecules on trophoblast invasion using trophoblast organoid models. By comprehensively profiling cell types and their spatial organization in both conditions, and developing new computational tools to analyze these data, this research will provide unprecedented insights into the molecular basis of placentation and trophoblast invasion in eutopic and ectopic pregnancies. The project's findings could lead to improved preventive tools and treatments in multiple pregnancy complications where trophoblast invasion is dysregulated, contributing to reducing the incidence of this life-threatening condition and advancing our understanding of the female reproductive system and early pregnancy.

Mots clés : ectopic pregnancy first trimester pregnancy placentation trophoblast invasion single cell transcriptomics spatial transcriptomics bioinformatics cell cell communication signaling metabolism

Participants :
- Wellcome Trust (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 260347.92 €