Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet DynaSpaCER (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

There is mounting evidence that the spatial and temporal organization of ligands at cell-cell interfaces modulates signaling. In particular, for Eph receptors and their ligands (ephrins) this phenomenon is widely recognized but poorly understood due to difficulties in controlling and analyzing membrane protein microenvironments at the nanoscale. A combination of different techniques ranging from DNA nanotechnology to high resolution microscopies via standard biochemical techniques and computational tools will be used to provide a molecular understanding of the roles of the spatial and temporal organization of ligands in receptor signaling. Substrates that recreate the intramembrane signalling geometry at cell-cell contacts are designed and produced by employing ligand decorated DNA nanostructures anchored on artificial supported lipid bilayers. This allows an unparalleled control of spatial distribution of the ligands and their dynamics. TIRF/STORM super-resolution microscopy is used to measure size and dynamics of clustering and biochemical assays will quantify the receptor spatial distribution and activation levels. Together with computational simulation and modeling of clustering dynamics, these efforts will lead to a molecular mechanism of spatial organization of ligands and receptors during clustering and how this affects signaling.

Mots clés : receptor clustering, eph receptors, spatial organization, cancer, dna nanostructures, supported lipid bilayers, atomic force microscopy, tirf, storm, modeling and simulations

Participants :
- Karolinska Institutet (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 185857.2 €
Projet GenerationZ (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

There is no health without mental health. The foundation of mental health is largely laid in adolescence, and more than half of adult mental health disorders have their onset before the age of 14. Today’s adolescents (i.e. Generation Z; the Zoomers, born between 1997 and 2015) are experiencing worse mental health than the preceding generation (i.e. the Millennials, born between 1981 and 1996). However, there is limited evidence on the specific longitudinal (within-individual) trajectories of mental health (e.g. the dynamic between subjective well-being and psychopathology as based on the Dual-Factor Model of mental health), as well as international differences in the profiles of the Dual-Factor mental health model. We also need better evidence on the predictors of change over time both at the individual (e.g. family relationships, school factors) and country level (i.e. income inequality; gender inequality) in the trends in adolescent mental health. The action’s main Research Objectives are 1) to investigate within-individual changes in adolescent mental health, and 2) to test cross-national variation and trends in population-level adolescent mental health across 45 European countries. The action will employ an interdisciplinary approach based on a 3-way knowledge transfer between the ER, the Department of Sociology at Trinity College Dublin in Ireland (Host) and the WHO Regional Office for Europe, Program for Child and Adolescent Health and Development (secondment host). This action links with the 2030 SDG agenda, and European regional and national health strategies. It will place ER in the position to establish their own research group and obtain a tenured position at an Interdisciplinary Social Science Department, Sociology or Applied Psychology Department at a European university.

Mots clés : adolescent mental health, trends, gender, family support, school, well being, cross national differences, youth engagement, health inequalities, multilevel modelling

Participants :
- Trinity College Dublin (Irlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 184590.72 €
Projet NPhOMaQuCo (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

There is now a huge international effort to realise a quantum computer that can be scaled to solve problems that are intractable with modern technology. Realising a quantum computer is challenging because its individual components, known as qubits, will invariably experience errors that will cause the system to fail before a computation is completed. To deal with the issue we encode qubits in quantum error-correcting codes. These are robust many-body systems that will preserve their encoded logical information, even if their individual components suffer errors. They are designed such that we can run diagnostics to identify and repair errors provided the rate at which the system experiences errors is suitably low. We can protect the encoded information arbitrarily well by increasing the size of the quantum error-correcting code if our noisy qubits experience errors below some threshold rate. It is presently very challenging to construct and control our best available designs of quantum error-correcting codes using modern laboratory technology. To alleviate this problem we must search more robust codes that are more resource efficient than our current proposals. This will make the machines we seek to build more experimentally amenable. Our leading code designs for fault-tolerant quantum computation are based on phases of condensed quantum matter. Specifically, we synthesise physical systems with the fundamental properties of exotic phases to find robust designs for scalable quantum computation. There have been a number of recent developments, including the discovery of new phases of matter, that may help us overcome the issues that keep us from realising a quantum computer. I will examine new developments in condensed-matter physics to design robust new quantum error-correcting codes that can be realised experimentally to show that we can scale a quantum computer to solve problems that are presently intractable.

Mots clés : quantum information, quantum error correction, topological quantum computation, fault tolerant quantum computation

Participants :
- University of Copenhagen (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 207312.0 €
Projet SAPHIR (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

There is persistent demand for radical advancements in telecommunication systems. The digital baseband processing unit (or Digital Signal Processor – DSP) is of paramount importance for the overall performance and it consumes a significant part of the total power. Breakthroughs in terms of accuracy, speed and efficiency are required in custom DSP implementations. To this end we propose to employ ideas that lead to advances in quantum algorithms for scientific computing to obtain silicon integrated circuit implementations meeting the performance expectations. Our experience and the similarities in the efficiency and accuracy requirements between such quantum algorithms and custom silicon-based integrated circuit design have not been exploited. This has a huge potential for obtaining high performance DSP cores in 5G MaMi systems. We propose to derive DSP algorithms and corresponding digital circuits with performance guarantees in terms of accuracy and speed. In some cases we will be deriving entirely new algorithms and circuits. In others we will investigate the degree to which the existing quantum algorithms for scientific computing can be used as a basis to derive efficient custom integrated circuits for DSP. To address the efficiency requirements and to control the error propagation we propose a modular approach. Algorithms will be composed by combining modules performing sub-tasks. Digital circuits with a priori known error and cost characteristics will be used to implement the different modules. This allows the comparison of the trade-offs between implementation alternatives and paves the way toward fully automatic overall resource optimization in DSP design. The proposed approach will provide a new and sound methodology to design and test custom integrated circuits for next generation communication systems (5G).

Mots clés : 5g communication systems, digital ic design, quantum computing, re integration usa to eu

Participants :
- Infineon Technologies (Austria) (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 178156.8 €
Projet MICOFLUID (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : TERMINATED

Thermal insulation materials are strategic products for reducing energy consumption and related greenhouse gas emissions from the building sector. Among the industrial solutions to reach higher insulation performances in building insulation, new materials such as aerated concrete or foamed plaster have been engineered. Model aerated materials can be produced using microfluidics techniques to disperse air bubbles within the slurry paste, which is often a yield stress fluids (YSF). The obtained bubbles are isolated from their neighbours and from the surfaces of the channels by thin films of YSF, typically 10 µm thick. In such a confined geometry, these films experience large compressional or dilatational strain that may be detrimental to their long term stability, thus damaging the materials. The overall objective of MICOFLUID is to determine the local rheology of heterogeneous thin films of YSF, i.e. films bounded between a solid surface and a gaseous interface. To do so, the rheological behaviour of thin films of YSF will be measured, whilst controlling the stress in different types of geometries: uniaxial compression, simple shear and isotropic compression. The flow behaviour of the films will be determined at three different scales. First, the macroscopic bulk flow behaviour will be measured using a classical rheometer and cavitation rheology technique. Then, I will focus on the evolution of the thickness of the YSF film during the deformation, which will provide measurements at the scale of the film thickness. Then, measurements at the fine scale of the complex fluids using confocal microscopy and optical tweezers will give access to the flow behaviour at the local scale.


Participants :
- University of Oxford (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 97727.4 €
Projet NewSiest (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Thermal modification is a process which improves the properties of wood, resulting in a material that can be disposed at the end of the product life cycle without presenting an environmental hazard. Thermally modified wood retains as a natural product and the grain, original colour variances and characteristics of wood are still present. However, exposure to daylight causes brightening or graying of heat treated wood surfaces. In ordar to tackle this challenge we are proposing a novel way to improve the UV stability of thermally modified wood using nano based stabilizers. But instead of coating nanoparticles on heat treated wood, wood surfaces will be treated with nanoparticle (ZnO or CeO2) solutions, thereby forming protective envelope on a wooden surface, which will be further heat treated under controlled temperature and time. This technique induces a chemical bonding between the wood and nanomaterial thus protecting chromophoric groups from UV light degradation.

Mots clés : wood, thermal modification in vacuum, nanoparticles, ceo2, envelope treatment, resistance against uv light, colour, resistance against fungal decay

Participants :
- University of Ljubljana (Slovénie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 162040.32 €
Projet MATA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Thermal tolerance is one of the most central traits that, in insects, correlate with distribution. With global temperatures projected to increase worldwide, much effort has been recently put into deciphering the physiological mechanisms constraining heat tolerance plasticity in ectotherms. However, we still know very little on how evolutionary pressures may have shaped physiological traits to enhance thermal tolerance in land insects. This is especially true in the case of mitochondrial functions, which have been repeatedly highlighted as central for ectotherms to survive exposition to non-optimal temperature regimes. Considering this central gap in our knowledge, we propose here to explore the mitochondrial adaptations associated with thermophily in insects, inside a consistent study system made of pairs of thermosensitive versus thermotolerant closely related ant species. Using this phylogenetic framework, we will (I) compare how temperatures affect specific steps along the mitochondrial Electron Transfer System (ETS) involved in respiration, (II) assess the impact of temperatures on mitochondrial ATP and ROS outputs, and (III) track adaptations in membrane composition and metabolic profiling associated with increased mitochondrial resilience to temperatures. Overall, this project thus proposes to explore important yet unanswered aspects of insect thermal biology that is located at the frontier of our current understanding of ecophysiology.

Mots clés : ecophysiology, insects, insect thermal biology, ants, respiration, mitochondria, metabolism

Participants :
- Aarhus University (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 207312.0 €
Projet DR NIR TADF-OLEDs (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : TERMINATED

Thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters offer an exciting opportunity to produce efficient organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) by overcoming the spin-statistics limit of fluorescent emitters. Although, TADF-OLEDs have proven to be very successful in the visible spectral region, the development of efficient TADF emitters remains challenging for the deep-red (DR, 650-700 nm) and Near-Infrared NIR (< 700 nm) region due to significantly slower radiative decay rates and faster non-radiative decay rates. Such DR/NIR emitting OLEDs can enable new applications in bioimaging, photodynamic therapy, night vision technology, information-secured displays, and optical communication. We propose to develop efficient and inexpensive DR/NIR OLEDs based on purely organic TADF-emitters. Our design consists of a yet unexplored aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active boron diiminate (BDI) electron acceptor coupled with suitably strong dendritic electron donors. The use of highly efficient AIE-active emitters will significantly enhance the brightness of the emitter by suppressing non-radiative decay, thereby leading to a much-improved efficiency in the device.

Mots clés : oled, tadf, deep red, near infrared

Participants :
- University of St Andrews (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 224933.76 €
Projet THERMOH (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Thermoelectric materials convert thermal and electrical energy, and performant thermoelectric devices could be used to recover waste heat in manufacturing, cogeneration, and heavy transportation - reducing both energy requirements and greenhouse gases' footprint. Solid-state cooldown would also change refrigeration technologies, in both efficiency and maintenance. Broadly speaking, a materials' breakthrough in thermoelectrics would have an impact on energy efficiency similar to nitride LEDs for lightning technologies. Optimal thermoelectrics need to balance the contrasting requirements of good electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity; nowadays the best bulk thermoelectric approaching the desired efficiency is SnSe. However, large-scale production is too expensive, and applications remain limited to niche markets. The goal of this project is to find efficient thermoelectrics in the class of metal-organic single and double halide perovskites. These are intensely studied for their photovoltaic efficiency, thanks also to their good electrical properties; they can be manufactured inexpensively at scale; and their lattice vibrations are very anharmonic and tunable, allowing to engineer low thermal conductivity. Since the overall number of possible compounds is above 500, there is wide chemical tunability of their properties. However, due to both theoretical and experimental difficulties, thermoelectric efficiency has been investigated only in very few compounds. Thanks to the unique capabilities I have developed during my PhD to study from first-principles materials with very large anharmonic distortions, I will investigate the full chemical space of these perovskites in the quest for the most efficient thermoelectric. Success in the project would bring major advantages to the industrial and economic EU ecosystem, but will also cement my leadership in characterizing and designing electrical and thermal properties of far from equilibrium materials.

Mots clés : thermoelectricity, density functional theory, second order phase transitions, ferroelectricity, anharmonicity, phonons, perovskites

Participants :
- Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology (Suisse) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 191149.44 €
Projet RTTT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Thermotronics is a developing discipline that offers promising options to manage heat sources and proposes new ways of exploiting signals encoded by heat. Analogously to what happens in electronic components in which electric currents flow as a consequence of potential differences, thermotronic components are devices in which heat currents flow due to applied temperature differences. In radiative components, thermal photons flow as electrons flow in their electronic counterparts. Among these devices, a radiative thermal transistor controls the heat exchange without contact between a source and a receiver. When these components are reduced to the nanoscale, the environmental noise becomes important and is a major cause for concern. The objective of the proposal is to address fluctuations, dynamics and dissipation in thermotronic components, based on nanoscale photon transport and working under environmental noise perturbations. This is achieved by considering the parameters that define the states of these components as stochastic variables, from which stability conditions for equilibrium states can be derived and the dynamics under general nonequilibrium scenarios can be characterized. The proposed scheme provides novel methods to estimate the mean life of the states of a thermal memory and to quantify the time response of thermotronic components, including the impact of environmental conditions which are of prime importance for applications. A nonequilibrium thermodynamics framework dealing with the associated stochastic dynamics is also proposed to account for dissipation as a key element to optimize the performance of these devices. The proposal paves the way for innovative strategies for an active control of radiative heat fluxes, strengthening tools and concepts for smart radiative thermal management. The proposed methods for the description of fluctuations, dynamics and dissipation can be applied to any other many-body system with radiative interactions.

Mots clés : near field radiative heat transfer, radiative thermal transistor, radiative thermal memory, dynamics, fluctuations, dissipation, phase change materials

Participants :
- University of Barcelona (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 172932.48 €
Projet SLOP (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Thirty million Europeans with sight loss are challenged to access the everyday goods and services that most people take for granted. Our project will contribute to the implementation of more accessible services for individuals with sight loss, in particular in the field of second language learning. Indeed, despite the development of some language learning web applications specially designed for learners with sight loss, most of the learning methods are still not accessible to them. The objective of our project is to get a better understanding of the acquisition of a second language by learners with sight loss, in order to provide teaching material suitable for them. Our project is original and innovative in three ways. First, it focuses on the acquisition of phonetic features, which, despite its importance in communication and social interactions, are often forgotten in second language classrooms. Second, little is known about the second language learning processes in individuals with sight loss. The present project constitutes the first attempt at examining the processing of second language phonetic information by learners with sight loss. Finally, our project will provide a framework for the development of accessible L2 teaching materials for learners with sight loss, which will guarantee their rights to equal access for learning foreign languages as recommended by the European Accessibility Act.

Mots clés : sight loss, accessbility, second language learning, phonetics, segments, prosody

Participants :
- Autonomous University of Barcelona (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 160932.48 €