Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet DAYCOP (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Three-quarters of the global population will be urban by 2050. To ensure the liveability, sense of place, and quality of life in new expanding urban areas, urban planning policies should consider spectral characteristic of daylight and the built environment. The colours and patterns we see around us, at various scales of the urban environment (city, neighbourhood, or street), are a complex interplay between the spectral distribution of daylight and spectrally-specific reflectance of surfaces in the space. Daylight sculpts the colours and patterns of our environmental perception, giving architects, urban and city planners an effective strategy to create spatial experiences, visual impressions of character and behavioural responses. However, current daylight simulation workflows used by building professionals do not account for colour renditions nor associated patterns of daylight. Spectral sky data is not readily available. Spectral simulations (to accurately predict colour and patterns of daylight) are computationally intensive and require further research and validation. Finally, research is inconclusive on how colour and patterns of daylight influence our environmental perception. My proposal is threefold. First, validate spectral sky models in existing spectral simulation platforms for different latitudinal regions. Second, define spectral dynamics of daylight in diverse urban environments (plaster, brick, reflective facades or spaces with vegetation) and latitudes (polar, temperate or equatorial). Third, conduct user perception studies in built environments with varying regional skies. This will help formulate design guidelines that consider characteristic qualities of daylight (colour and patterns) with local preferences. At the end of the two-year fellowship, I aim to expand my publication record, research expertise and create local and international collaborations, to establish myself as an independent researcher ready for a tenure track position.

Mots clés : daylight, spectral sky, spectral daylight simulations

Participants :
- Technische Universität Berlin (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 162806.4 €
Projet Cartesian Networks (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Throughout his life, Descartes experienced a tension between isolation and openness to the world. By his own admission, he left France for the Dutch Republic in search of peace and solitude -- although it has recently been argued that Descartes' political affiliations may also have played a role in his decision to migrate. On the other hand, his groundbreaking views earned him a reputation as an innovator, leading to the creation of a network of Cartesians that was essential in promoting Descartes' philosophy in the Dutch Republic. In recent years, historians have paid increasing attention to the role played by social and intellectual networks in the processes of knowledge creation and dissemination. At the same time, in the last two decades or so, quantitative network analysis has grown to become a full-blown scientific discipline with its own research centres and university courses. Taking advantage of these parallel developments, this project aims to show how the use of techniques and methods developed by network scientists can yield new insights into the structure and dynamics of the network(s) that guaranteed the success of Cartesian philosophy in the Dutch Republic.

Mots clés : ren  descartes, early modern cartesianism, digital humanities, network analysis

Participants :
- Erasmus University Rotterdam (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 175572.48 €
Projet MitoPNP (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Throughout the eukaryotic lineages, mitochondria are essential organelles that provide cellular metabolic power through oxidative phosphorylation. In the mitochondrial intermembrane space resides an exoribonuclease highly conserved in the course of evolution: PNPase. Although the activity of this enzyme has been extensively studied, its function in this compartment is poorly understood. A clue to one of its potential functions has been provided by my recent findings on the bacterial PNPase, which I discovered to switch activity from an RNA degradation mode to a stabilising mode that chaperones regulatory RNAs. As the human and bacterial enzymes are homologues, it is possible that human PNPase (hPNPase) could have a dual mode of action as well, and could participate in regulatory processes or RNA cargo transport once trapped in a non-degradative assembly. My research will address what functions are played by hPNPase present in the intermembrane space of the human mitochondria. I will characterise the full-length enzyme and its capacity to bind substrates in the degradative and non-degradative modes. In order to achieve these objectives, I will elucidate the structure-function relationship of hPNPase by cryo-electron microscopy complemented with biochemical and biophysical assays. The results will illuminate the biological roles of PNPase in human cells including its potential contributions to mitochondrial RNA trafficking. This interdisciplinary project with potential applications in human health will apply recent breakthrough advancements in cryo-EM in order to investigate the molecular basis of an intricate biological system to advance the understanding of mitochondria biology. The research effort will foster the career development of a talented researcher and contribute to the academic and research excellence in Poland by strengthening the expertise in cryo-EM, a method currently revolutionising structural biology, at the University of Warsaw.

Mots clés : polynucleotide phosphorylase, mitochondrium, mitochondrial intermembrane space

Participants :
- University of Warsaw (Pologne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 149625.6 €
Projet MendoFold (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Tissue folding plays a key role in the development of all multi-cellular organisms. The aim of this MSCA-IF fellowship is to decipher the poorly understood mechanisms involved in regulating tissue folding in plants, using the apical hook as a model. The hook forms via tissue folding driven by differential cell elongation in the embryonic stem (hypocotyl) and is critical for the survival of young seedlings, since it protects the shoot apical meristem from damage as it passes through soil during seedling germination. Work in the host lab has recently shown that endoreduplication (DNA replication without subsequent cell division) is involved in hook development. Since plant cells are enclosed by rigid cell walls, it is hypothesized that tissue folding during apical hook formation involves an interplay between endoreduplication, cell wall mechanics and hormonal signals which will be deciphered by Dr. Yuan Ma during this fellowship. Simultaneously, Dr. Ma will receive training in cutting- edge techniques like atomic force microscopy, flow cytometry, and immunocytochemistry in leading environments such the host lab at SLU/UPSC (Umeå, Sweden) and via secondments to VIB (Ghent, Belgium) and ENS (Lyon, France). Synergistically complementing skills in biochemistry and genomics gained during his PhD, this training will provide Dr. Ma with a unique technical and theoretical expertise in experimental biomechanics, strongly promoting a successful achievement of the project’s goals, opening of new vistas in developmental biomechanics, and support the researcher’s ambition of becoming a research leader. The researcher will follow a personalized career development plan, to also enhance skills such as communication, grant writing, public engagement and student mentoring. Thus, this MSCA-IF will enable elucidation of a key process in developmental systems biology (with important applications in tissue engineering), and career advancement of a scientist with outstanding potential.

Mots clés : tissue folding, endoreduplication, cell wall mechanics, hormones, apical hook

Participants :
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 203852.16 €
Projet MNRG (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

To achieve deep emission reductions in the European energy sector and in the heating sector in particular, stronger cross-sectoral linkages among the different energy carriers are needed. The main objective of proposed MNRG is improving operational flexibility by presenting a comprehensive digitalized, distributed and real-time monitoring of heat, mobility and electricity energy sectors which is required to deal with the uncertainty and variability of growing renewable resources and mobility. The main novelties of this project are: 1) MNRG provides an easy deployment and paired with unprecedented modularity for interconnected multi-energy systems by using GridEye's edge computing capabilities. 2) MNRG introduces a more practical way to manage and respond to the complex needs of the multi-energy systems in the presence of numerous energy components and devices. 3) The impact of DERs and EVs on the quality of energy sectors will be monitored in real-time and the flexibility in the operation of CHPs, use of reactive power controlling devices such as SVR and storage capacity of heat network will be considered as alternatives for technical challenges. 4) Real-time preventive and corrective actions based on dynamic feeder reconfiguration against over-voltage and congestion in the grid will be addressed. To determine network topologies optimally, methods based on machine learning or mathematical techniques will be implemented. 5) By MNRG, the behavior of feeders and transformers that are utilized by DERs and EVs will be predicted for DSO’s usage. In this regard, MNRG feeding by updated forecasts based on mathematical methods, like, ARIMA and deep learning methods, such as DRL and LSTM, will provide corrective and preventive actions. 6) MNRG can provide robust strategies for DSOs by using uncertainty modelling techniques such as robust optimization to tackle the volatility of uncertain parameters.

Mots clés : multi energy systems, flexibility management, reconfiguration, forcasting

Participants :
- Depsys sa (Suisse) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 203149.44 €
Projet THISTLE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

To better anticipate global changes (environmental, climate and social changes), research over the past twenty years has focused on understanding and measuring the interactions between societies and their environment. Knowledge of past environments and their evolution in relation to society can help contribute to better manage, protect and anticipate present and future environments. This project adds to this dynamic research with a focus on forests. Forested landscapes represent the ecological inheritance of centuries of forest management to supply, among other products, the fuel necessary for human activities. Thus, to meet their demands for firewood past societies gradually modified and transformed the landscapes they inhabited. We focus here on the evolution of historical forests in the Euganean Hills (Colli Euganei, Padua-Italy) through wood charcoal production. Charcoal production is extremely polymorphic and fully understanding it requires the use of different approaches and disciplines (including history, ethnography, archaeology, geography, archaeobotany etc.) The aim of this project is to develop an integrated approach combining all disciplines to reconstruct forest landscapes on the Euganean Hills at different temporal and spatial scales. The choice of the Euganean Hills has been guided by its interesting biodiversity, by the numerous diachronic archaeological surveys previously undertaken, by the wealth of written and cartographic documentation concerning the uncultivated lands and also by the willingness of local actors to promote their region thanks to the richness of the landscape and its history. The project THISTLE aims to reconstitue the history of cultural landscapes, and more precisely of forest landscape of the Euganean Hills (Colli Euganei, Padua-Italie) with a pluridisciplinary approch in order to protect and promote them at different geographical scales (from local to global)

Mots clés : archaeological landscapes, cultural heritage, forest history, charcoal production, anthracology, historical mapping

Participants :
- University of Padua (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 180277.2 €
Projet CONPARA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

To date, no marine system, let alone wave energy device, has attempted to exploit parametric resonance as an assistive phenomenon. A number of wave energy researchers have observed the phenomenon and sought to dampen it, but the concept of harnessing the power transferred from (typically) heave to (typically) pitch/roll has not been considered. This fellowship aims to control the parametric resonance of WEC dynamics to improve energy conversion efficiency, based on a 1/20 scale prototype. The research objectives (ROs) are: RO1: Identify a high-fidelity and computation-effective model to represent the WEC parametric resonance with CFD verification in OpenFOAM (open source) and parametric analysis in MATLAB. RO2: Develop advanced nonlinear control strategies and corresponding PTO mechanism for actuation, to improve WEC efficiency making use of its multi-DoF motion and parametric resonance. RO3: Conduct tank testing to verify the modelling of parametric resonance (RO1), and model-based control design and implementation (RO2), based on a self-assembled 1/20 scale prototype. Successful achievement of this fellowship will lead to timely and useful contribution to the wave energy and relevant communities, including: (i) an hydrodynamic model describing WEC parametric resonance with real time computation capacity, (ii) advancing the understanding in WEC parametric resonance, (iii) a 1/20 scale WEC prototype, and (iv) implementable control and PTO systems for multi-DoF WEC systems. In the long term, the successful achievement of this project will improve the technology readiness level (TRL) of wave energy from 5 to 7 for commercial application.

Mots clés : wave energy, parametric resonance, wave energy conversion, power maximisation control, parametric analysis, adaptive control, power take off

Participants :
- National University of Ireland (Irlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 196590.72 €
Projet OMEGA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : SIGNED

To find new and better ways to detect and monitor contamination of water, food and the environment as early as possible directly at the site of impact is one of the most pressing tasks for researchers today. Early detection of and strategic monitoring to trace contamination of water is therefore crucial. This emphasizes the need for sensitive, robust, portable and affordable (especially for low-income countries) analysis tools that can report directly at site on the concentration of a target contaminant. Detecting contamination early means that these small, mobile analytical devices have to indicate analytes at very low concentrations with reliable uncertainty and accuracy, to avoid false positives and foster acceptance of such tools by relevant user groups like public employees. In this project, I will address this need relying on the integration of microfluidics, gated delivery systems, magnetic beads and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection. ECL is a detection method that operates against a zero background and gated delivery systems exhibit inherent features of signal amplification. A combination of both strategies with the versatile handling and miniaturization capabilities of magnetic beads and microfluidics promises to yield user-friendly, affordable and robust analytical devices with unprecedented performance for the reliable quantification of analytes at ultra-trace levels (ppb and below) directly onsite at the point-of-need. By matching my expertise in electrochemistry and microfluidics with the host’s expertise in gated delivery systems, magnetic beads, luminescence spectroscopy and device integration, I have the unique opportunity to receive training in various other disciplines, including metrology, that allow me to broaden my field of knowledge and to better shape the outline of my future career as a high-level (bio)analytical scientist.

Mots clés : sensor, gated indicator release system, water monitoring, biomolecular recognition, electrochemiluminescent assay

Participants :
- Federal Institute For Materials Research and Testing (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 162806.4 €
Projet CISBOOM (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

To interact with our environment, we identify, locate and move towards objects of interest. This recruits multiple brain areas, handling separate aspects. Indeed, perception alone engages several cortical and subcortical areas, processing specific features or sensory modalities. How this information is then merged to create a unified percept is a fundamental question, known as the binding problem. Here, we address this question by studying the superior colliculus, a midbrain area essential for orienting. Inside this structure, a neuronal subpopulation forms segregated patches, which elicit precise head rotations, and receive sensory-, motor- and attentional-related inputs. These anatomical sites seem well poised to bring together information from similar locations or objects, to induce orienting towards them. To test this hypothesis, I will probe how coherent these converging inputs are, in terms of feature tuning and receptive field coordinates. To investigate if inputs convey filtered information, I will assess the functional diversity of afferent neurons in each brain area. I will then examine whether this content varies across recipient patches, to determine whether stimuli at distinctive positions trigger head rotations. To label and record presynaptic partners, I will employ monosynaptically restricted trans-synaptic viruses, combined with two photon calcium imaging in awake mice. This project will reveal how animals create a representation of space in order to execute target-oriented movements. Because the superior colliculus is an ancient and conserved structure, this is potentially evolution’s first attempt to bind coherent processes to guide movement, animal’s main concern.

Mots clés : superior colliculus, multimodal integration, orienting, space encoding, perception

Participants :
- UK Research and Innovation (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 224933.76 €
Projet REaCHeS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

To locate objects in the world, speakers typically use two linked indicating behaviours: spatial deictic expressions and pointing gestures. A growing body of research focuses on both of these indicating types, asking how semantic information is encoded in each modality, and investigating the factors that condition speakers’ use of indicating strategies in isolation and in combination. The proposed research programme will explore these questions by examining multimodal indicating behaviours in speakers of Eastern Chatino (Zapotecan, Otomanguan). The language presents an ideal system for examination because of its typologically unusual demonstrative system; its manual pointing system with distance-encoding formational distinctions; and its additional lip pointing system. The planned research programme comprises two studies that probe the semantic encodings of demonstratives and lip- and manual pointing, as well as the factors that motivate speakers to combine them. In Study 1, semistructured interviews will be performed in which speakers describe features of the landscape while walking familiar routes. Video and audio recordings of the multimodal talk in these interviews will be analysed using traditional tools of descriptive linguistics, along with a GIS tool adapted expressly for the research programme to encode the relative geospatial positions of speakers, addressees, and referents. Analysis will generate hypotheses about semantic distinctions encoded in various demonstrative and pointing forms. These, in turn, will be tested In Study 2, a more controlled quasi-experiment (a referential communication task) designed to isolate factors like distance and in/visibility of referent that are often coupled in discourse environments. The research programme is ambitious in its use of new tools to examine multimodal behaviour in a lesser-studied language. Expertise of Chatino speakers and researchers from multiple linguistic subdisciplines will inform its design.

Mots clés : spatial reference, spatial cognition, multimodality, demonstratives, pointing, lip pointing, semantic encoding, co organization of cues, language description, research tools

Participants :
- Lund University (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 191852.16 €