Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ICARHUS (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Facing the constraints imposed due to climate change is a challenge past human societies had to take into consideration, similar to how current societies are facing global changes in resource availability and climate change. By looking into the past and how ancient societies adapted to temperature increase and water availability decrease could help us to innovatively deal with the current climate crisis. In the Levant, where cattle, pigs, sheep and goat have been domesticated, ecological constraints are one of the major reasons for observed changes in subsistence strategies. Traditionally, comparative anatomy of fauna remains is the methodology of choice when aiming to reconstruct past subsistence strategies. But in arid environments, archaeological bones and teeth degrades rapidly, leading to highly fragmented and poorly preserved remains, thus largely restricting faunal spectra reconstruction. This project offers a glimpse at past Levantine societies adaptation to climatic pressures by using the new and exciting field of palaeoproteomics. The fellowship will concentrate on three defined scientific objectives: 1. enhance the available protein reference sequences, crucially lacking Near-Eastern wild ungulates species; 2. identify subsistence strategy shifts along four Jordanian archaeological sites, each containing well-established stratigraphies, using ancient proteins based species identification; and 3. recover information regarding sex-driven husbandry practices in caprine herds using the new method of enamel proteome sexing. The combination of archaeology and biological sciences within the frame of ICARHUS will give the opportunity to get a glimpse into past human societies agro-cultural behaviour using methodological developments of use beyond the field of bio-archaeological sciences.

Mots clés : palaeoproteomics levant jordan natufian neolithic subsistence strategies

Participants :
- Université de Copenhague (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 230774.4 €
Projet SimplyDisks (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Understanding how planets form in disks around young stars is a fundamental part of astrophysical research. With the advent of the Atacama Large (Sub-)Millimeter Array (ALMA) and other large-scale telescopes and interferometers, the field of planet formation has been transformed by the stunningly complex structures observed in disks around young stars in the solar neighborhood. But at the same time, theoretical models have struggled to explain these observations, in part because many physical processes are investigated individually. Therefore, a more comprehensive model of protoplanetary disks is needed. With the SimplyDisks project, I will perform the first global 3D Magneto-Hydrodynamic simulations that treat the interaction of dust, gas and magnetic fields within protoplanetary disks self-consistently. The simulations will focus on the outer regions of the protoplanetary disk, where ambipolar diffusion suppresses the development of the MRI, and where the Vertical Shear Instability is active in the midplane regions. The self-consistent treatment will be achieved through the development of an extended ambipolar diffusion module. With these models, I will be able to (1) analyze magnetic and pure hydrodynamic processes occurring in protoplanetary disks in context and unveil if they are the driving forces behind the observed structures, and (2) find locations of dust concentration that survive long enough to trigger the formation of planets. Together with observations, the results from these self-consistent models will help us understand where and how planets form, and thus why our solar system looks different from many systems observed around other stars.

Mots clés : protoplanetary disks, magnetic fields

Participants :
- Université de Copenhague (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 214934.4 €
Projet DEEPDIVERSE (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

For centuries, biologists have been intrigued by how diverse our planet is and what processes are behind it. But we are far from knowing how many species live on Earth, especially for deep-sea invertebrates. The deep ocean provides a particular scenario for diversification and remains relatively pristine. However, soon programmed deep-sea mining activities threaten deep-sea diversity even before its discovery. Squat lobsters are highly diverse at all levels and an ideal group to undertake a critical assessment of deep-sea diversity and evolution. For DEEPDIVERSE I propose to follow up a conceptual framework towards an evaluation of global species diversity of squat lobsters to assess the role of depth and deep-sea habitat in the diversification dynamics, supporting at the same time scientific research and conservation of deep-sea diversity. The action proposes 1) Beyond-taxonomy: a critical appraisal of squat lobster biodiversity combining extensive ecological, biological, morphological, and genetic traits, using 3D micro-computed tomography, barcoding with high-throughput sequencing, automatic species delimitation analyses, and formal species descriptions; 2) Phylogenomic reconstruction using target capture sequencing (UCEs) and integrating fossil taxa to set the base to understanding the evolutionary processes behind deep sea colonisation; 3) searching for diversification drivers to unveil factors shaping morphological evolution and potentially shifting diversification rates; and 4) Synthesis of the results towards the implementation of conservation actions comparing with other hyperdiverse taxa. This includes a comprehensive spatial data integration to guide the best available management options for global seafloor biodiversity. These actions will contribute to the efforts of the European Union Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, within the European Commission priority A European Green Deal, to tackle the outstanding Biodiversity crisis the World is currently facing.

Mots clés : crustacea, evolution, deep sea, biodiversity, taxonomy, genomics, ultraconserved elements

Participants :
- Muséum national d'histoire naturelle (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 211754.88 €
Projet BIOTAC (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : TERMINATED

Selenium (Se) is a naturally occurring trace element in the earth's crust. Microorganisms and their metabolites, such as extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play a major role in the redox transformation of metalloids in the environment. However, how EPS affects Se oxyanions redox cycling in drinking water and wastewater, what the underlying mechanisms, especially electron transfer mechanisms between EPS and Se, and which components of EPS are involved in Se redox transformation are unclear. Especially concerning electron transfer mechanisms between EPS-Se oxyanions to form BioSeNPs and which redox-active components of EPS are involved in the redox cycling of Se oxyanions. How EPS-mediated reduction of Se affects the isotopic fractions of Se during the reduction process. To what extent do these pure cultures strain-derived EPS-Se oxyanions reduction mechanisms apply to the Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) and an Up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor system for water and wastewater treatment, respectively. In this research, we plan to set up in situ and in vitro microcosms combined with electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques to examine 1) the key agents and structural components of EPS involved in the reduction of Se(IV/VI), 2) the electron transfer mechanisms between EPS and Se oxyanions for the reduction of Se(IV/VI); 3) the significance of the Se reduction to the environmental fate and recovery of BioSeNPs in CSTR and UASB reactor. The roles of EPS-mediated reduction processes on the isotopic fractions of Se. The results from this project will be vital to clarifying the role of microbial EPS and their components in the BioSeNPs cycle and developing biotechnologies to remediate and recover environmental Se.

Mots clés : microbial biotechnology for remediation of environmental selenium

Participants :
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 173847.36 €
- Institut de physique du globe (France) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet PLATO (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Physical inactivity is a global problem, causing more than 5.3 million premature deaths per year worldwide. Both WHO and EU recognize the importance of public policies and recommend specific policy actions to promote physical activity (PA); however, these policies remain ineffective if they are not implemented properly. To collect data on PA policy development, different tools are currently in use; most prominently EU’s PA Monitoring Framework. However, there is a lack of knowledge on how to use PA policy monitoring as a lever to impact policymaking to reduce inactivity.  This fellowship aims to co-design a toolkit for improving the impact of PA policy monitoring on national policymaking. As I have an interdisciplinary research profile with a dissertation in political science and a track record in PA policy research, I am in an excellent position to advance the state of the art by (1) co-assessing the impact of PA policy monitoring on the policy-making process, (2) comparatively mapping PA policy monitoring tools based on political science theory and (3) co-designing a PA policy toolkit with key policymakers from all 27 EU member states.  My host team at the University of Limerick has a high expertise in PA policy research and recently led the development of a new tool for PA policy monitoring. I will have access to training programmes that enhance my interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary skills, e.g. with regards to the co-production of knowledge. I will also gain relevant insights into PA policymaking in Ireland (secondment at a government agency) and Europe (non-academic placement at WHO).  As WHO is tasked to coordinate data collection within the EU PA Monitoring Framework, this is an ideal opportunity to exploit the results of the fellowship. My further dissemination, exploitation and communication activities will also highlight the societal impact of PA promotion (e.g., in the context of the EU4Health programme, the European Green Deal, and UN's SDGs).

Mots clés : physical activity policy policy monitoring health promotion public health

Participants :
- Sport ireland (Irlande) — Partner, associated partner, Organismes publics (hors enseignement & recherche), subvention : 0.0 €
- Organisation mondiale de la santé (Danemark) — Partner, associated partner, Recherche, subvention : 0.0 €
- Université de Limerick (Irlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 269418.0 €
- Federal Ministry of Health (Allemagne) — Partner, associated partner, Organismes publics (hors enseignement & recherche), subvention : 0.0 €
Projet ReValue (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

More than 70% of global carbon emissions responsible for climate change are nowadays produced by only 100 firms. This makes transforming corporations towards more sustainable pathways a crucial challenge of today. ReValue explores an innovative approach to meet this challenge, by combining new infrastructural perspectives in legal analysis with philosophy and the use of social science methods. Until now, the policy and scholarly focus has been placed on setting ambitious carbon-neutrality goals for leading firms in key industries with the aim of greening their global supply-chains. ReValue transcends this focus. It does so by broadening the focus to those actors with the regulatory authority to constitute markets and thereby to re-configure the rationalities that shape corporate decisions. For these purposes, ReValue focuses on two key private governance institutions that currently shape the preferences of transnational corporations in the global economy: (1) the legal-regulatory infrastructure provided by predominant accounting institutions, which govern what counts as income or wealth in financial markets; and (2) the legal-regulatory infrastructure provided by predominant stock-exchange institutions, which govern how the price of shares and other financial instruments are determined. These private governance institutions do not just report income, price, or risk. ReValue investigates the extent to which they rather performatively shape the information that they purport to describe, through private regulatory choices that configure corporate preferences and market orders and thereby can transform them towards more sustainable pathways by determining what is susceptible of economic value and how it is valued.

Mots clés : transnational law global governance sustainable corporate governance corporate social responsibility business regulation private governance global administrative law

Participants :
- Université de Copenhague (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 230774.4 €
Projet COMUTTI (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

About 30% of children with autism are minimally verbal (MV), meaning they can communicate mainly through nonverbal vocalizations (i.e., vocalizations that do not have typical verbal content). Vocalizations often have self-consistent phonetic content and vary in tone, pitch, and duration depending on the individual's emotional state or intended communication. While vocalizations contain important affective and communicative information and are comprehensible by close caregivers, they are often poorly understood by those who do not know the communicator well. An improved understanding of nonverbal vocalizations could pave the way for a better understanding of the cognitive, social, and emotional mechanisms associated with MV children with autism. Moreover, it could lead to new therapeutic interventions for these subjects based on advanced voice-based technology for Augmented Alternative Communication (AAC), i.e., for communicating without using words. This MSCA touches on the research fields of audio signal processing (in particular, children's vocalizations perception) and human-computer interaction (in particular, voice-based interfaces for speech therapy). It aims to advance the understanding of MV autistic children's vocalizations and exploit the obtained knowledge to create advanced voice-based interfaces to enhance their therapeutic interventions. During the outgoing phase at MIT, the work will be about identifying and implementing machine learning algorithms for classifying children's vocalizations. The core strategy is to leverage the unique knowledge provided by caregivers who have long-term acquaintance with MV children with autism and can recognize the meaning of their vocalizations. In the return phase at POLIMI, the project will be about designing, developing, and empirically validating a voice-based AAC prototype for children's speech therapy through a participatory-design process involving end users, their caregivers, and autism experts.

Mots clés : audio signal processing, deep neural network, voice based interaction, computer assisted therapy, autism

Participants :
- Institut de technologie du Massachusetts (Etats-Unis) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- École polytechnique de Milan (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 175737.12 €
Projet REBRAOD (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The project provides a comprehensive picture of the developing depictions of patriarchal figures in mid Second Temple period Jewish sources (ca. 300 - 100 BCE). Instead of the patriarchs being merely the forefathers of Israel, they gain further occupational dimensions and/or existing dimensions become more explicitly formulated. Such occupational dimensions are in earlier sources related to priests, prophets, scribal scholars, and wisdom teachers. This rebranding process of patriarchal literary figures produced various kinds of hybrid figures.  The sources cover the ancient versions of Genesis, the Aramaic Dead Sea Scrolls and the Book of Jubilees. The main method used in textual analysis is comparative close reading, but theories of literary growth connected with these works and any text critical evidence of variant literary versions are included. Central part of the methodological conversation is definitions of key concepts and terminology.  The scientific novelty of this project placing the Aramaic Dead Sea Scrolls into their proper place in the transmission and reception history of the patriarchal tradition and the focus on occupational agency. Adding this evidence, missing in previous studies, has major repercussions on our understanding of the development and growth of the patriarchal traditions. The project will clarify the early reception of patriarchal figures and how and why the broader, multi occupational, literary depictions of the patriarchs were formed and transmitted.  The project provides a significant addition to the study of the mechanisms and motifs of literary transmission and editorial processes. The results are crucial for future studies on sources, transmission processes, and social structures of the wider Mediterranean cultural sphere. Moreover, the project provides a basis for analyzing patriarchal traditions in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam with the full appreciation of the early background, religious dialogue and further innovations.

Mots clés : patriarchs, aramaic dead sea scrolls, book of jubilees, genesis, rewriting, reinterpretation, second temple jewish literature, second temple judaism

Participants :
- Université de Copenhague (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 214934.4 €
Projet SeaWeedWorm (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Infection with gastrointestinal parasites is one of the most severe impediments to sustainable meat and milk production from grazing livestock. Widespread resistance to the small number of available synthetic drugs has rendered continued prophylactic drug treatment unsustainable. One solution is to feed animals on plants or other natural resources that contain bioactive compounds with anti-parasitic activity, such as seaweeds. The in vitro anti-parasitic activity of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from seaweeds has been reported, but as yet, the anthelmintic mechanism of PUFAs is unknown. The current proposal aims to use PUFAs from Nordic seaweeds to investigate how PUFAs bind to nematode parasites and target the receptors. Furthermore, transcriptomics and functional biochemical experiments will be used to elucidate the biological pathways that are perturbed in nematodes after exposure to sub-lethal doses of PUFAs in vitro. This unique multidisciplinary project will involve leading groups in both veterinary parasitology and receptor biology and combine the latest techniques in molecular parasitology and drug-receptor biology. It is envisaged that the unique skill sets obtained from the project will be highly beneficial to my future career, as well as uncovering novel insights into the biological properties of PUFAs that will greatly aid the practical future use of PUAFs-containing plants and algae, thus ensuring the continued sustainability of pasture-based livestock production.

Mots clés : seaweed, fatty acids, parasite, anthelmintic

Participants :
- Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (France) — Partner, associated partner, Recherche, subvention : 0.0 €
- Université de Copenhague (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 230774.4 €
Projet DARTSin (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Telomeres of eukaryotic chromosomes are protected by the shelterin complex. The human shelterin is a six-subunit protein assembly (TRF1, TRF2, TPP1, POT1, TIN2, Rap1). This complex associates with telomeric DNA and prevents the mistaken detection of the telomeres as double strand breaks by the DNA Damage Response (DDR) machinery. Illicit DNA repair at telomeres results in cell cycle arrest and end-to-end chromosomal fusions or other improper recombinations causing genome instability. The abrogation of the shelterin assembly or subunit removal decompacts the telomere and causes DDR accumulation. Defects in the shelterin complex are associated with telomere-related pathologies such as cancer and aging. The supra-structure of the mammalian shelterin complex remains unknown. Therefore, we lack fundamental knowledge regarding its organization and function. The shelterin complex also acts as a signalling hub, recruiting accessory factors that participate in telomere homeostasis and maintenance; and shelterin subunits are subjected to posttranslational modifications (i.e., ubiquitination, phosphorylation, SUMOylation); however, the functional role of these modifications is not fully understood. The overarching aim of this project is to solve the atomic structure of the human shelterin complex by cryo-EM and elucidate the molecular events of telomere biology during the cell cycle combining cellular and proteomic approaches. The outcomes will provide the first structure of the shelterin complex and the shelterin interactome, which will allow to understand defects underlying pathology at molecular level and join this information to physiologic and phenotypic data. This project will have a substantial impact on my career, as new skills in biophysics, structural biology and proteomic techniques on human macromolecular complexes will complement my previous expertise in X-ray crystallography, biophysics, and biochemistry on bacterial and viral proteins.

Mots clés : telomere, telosome, shelterin, structural biology, cryo em

Participants :
- Université de Copenhague (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 230774.4 €