Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet VOTEF (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

For countries in the global south, extractive industries can provide governments with a shortcut to economic development. For countries in the global south, extractive industries can provide governments with a shorcut to economic development. However, many communities where those project would take place reject them upfront and advocate for development of a different kind. In a unique and recent phenomenon, local communities in Colombia are organising referendums that halt resource extraction altogether. Since their appearance, very little research has been done to understand this phenomenon. Voting for or against a particular extractive project gathers an array of values, motivations and imaginaries that go beyond endorsement or rejection. Yet, voting in a certain way need not mean unity of opinions, and can obscure the struggles of campesinos and ethnic minorities for equality and access to land. Colombia’s legal framework permits citizens to call for referendums to decide issues that affect them. Wanting to vote for or against extractivism implies a desire to define the terms of the future in a region. The objective of this project is to explain the role of referendums against and in favour of extractive industries in articulating, or not, alternatives to extractivist development. It will do so by questioning whether a No to extractivism means a Yes to an alternative path to development, or if it means the continuation of the current social struggles. This in-depth study will employ ethnographic fieldwork, including participant-observation, interviews, and photography, to document the practices and discourses of actors involved in referendums. Referendums in Colombia provide insight of the wider trend of plebiscite democracy (e.g. Colombian peace and corruption referendums, Brexit, Catalonia) as supplement to institutional democracy (e.g. centralised, technocratic), in which casting a vote means more than endorsement or rejection of a particular political project.

Mots clés : referendums, colombia, political ecology

Participants :
- University of Gothenburg (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 203852.16 €
Projet MMoBEER (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

For describing complex systems as bone tissue, with their inner interactions and their interactions with environment the mathematical models become even more complex, that puts demands on theories, methods and assumptions used and the efficiency of numerical methods employed for solving as well as the management of data. The complexity of bone models depends not only on the number of parameters describing different biochemistry and Multi-physics influences but also on different time scales and rate of periodicity of processes involved. In structural analysis non-linearity plays important role for realistic description of real world phenomena. Incorporated the parametric nonlinear analysis of periodically excited hybrid systems into a structural models of bone would be a great advantages for prediction of a more realistic situation for description of the bone mass distribution, delay in the osteoblasts and osteoclasts coupling, osteocytes transferring of signals and more other issues related to the bone adaptively and strength. The aim of the project would be that on the base of existing level of known parameters in bone turnover guided by external loading provide an analytical approach to be solve and interpreted for real description and prediction of bone adaptive behavior. Hybrid systems treat cellular level as discrete system of particles described with system of coupled ordinary differential equations and environmental conditions as a continuous system described with a system of coupled partial differential equations affected with different external signals. The established, measured and explored model will also give an approach closer to the realistic situation and real needs and suggestions for patients with bone problems but also for those who want to have healthy and strong skeleton.

Mots clés : bone analysis, structural analysis, modeling

Participants :
- Cardiff University (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet SCME (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

For over three decades reproductive technologies have been available which allow parents to select between embryos based on their genetic makeup. Soon two novel ways of influencing a child’s genome could also become available. In 2013, personal genomics company 23andMe received a patent to a technology called ‘Gamete Donor Selection Based on Genetic Calculations.’ This technology would allow individuals accessing assisted reproductive services to choose between sperm or egg donors based on the likelihood of the embryos having a particular genetic makeup. Technologies like this allow parents to create rather than select embryos with desirable genetic characteristics. In addition genetic engineering technologies continue to improve. The recently developed ‘CRISPR’ technique provides a more precise way of altering the genome than previous methods, and is the first modification technology with real potential to be used on human embryos. Technologies like this may allow parents to modify the genetic material of existing embryos. These developments are seen by some as raising very serious ethical worries, and by others as promising to promote human flourishing. Therefore there is an urgent need to give them systematic ethical scrutiny. If elected to this fellowship I will conduct a rigorous review of embryo creation, modification and section technologies and their ethical, political and philosophical implications. Built on an in-depth understanding of the science behind these technologies, my project will encompass an analysis of relevant philosophical and ethical issues, before delivering practical policy suggestions. This project will be the first extensive overview of the ethics of embryo creation technologies, the specific ethical issues raised by the CRISPR technique, and the moral and philosophical differences between embryo selection, creation and modification technologies.

Mots clés : genetic modification, crispr, ethics, embryo creation

Participants :
- University of Oxford (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet PTALLENEST (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

For some time allenes were considered simple curiosities because of their apparent unstable nature. However, in the last few years the chemistry of allenes has been extensively developed since they have shown an interesting reactivity and selectivity affording complex structures in an atom economic manner. Bis-allenes have recently appeared as useful building blocks for the synthesis of carbo- and heterocycles. However, their reaction with nucleophiles has barely been studied. The main objective of this project deals with a recently discovered Pt-catalysed reaction of bis-allenes with oxygen nucleophiles leading to seven membered cycles with a molecule of the nucleophile incorporated in the final skeleton. This new reaction could involve a double coordination of the Pt atom to both allenes, but the mechanism remains unclear. Recent studies in Dr Muñoz’s group suggest that the Pt, in addition to the more common η2-coordination with the allene, can also appear as a η1-structure, with the Pt atom coordinated to the central carbon of the allene. The discoveries in this field highlight the importance of acquiring knowledge in the bis-allene coordination, since this information could lead to the preparation of more selective catalyst as well as the isolation of reactive intermediates that can be milestones for the construction of new interesting scaffolds. The present project attempts to shed light into the Pt-bis-allene interaction, to exploit the implications of the coordination modes in the reaction mechanisms, and to apply the gained knowledge to the synthesis of new natural-product like structures with potential biological activity.

Mots clés : bis allenes, platinum, coordination, mechanisms, cyclisation

Participants :
- University of East Anglia (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 91727.4 €
Projet ECO.G.U.S. (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

For the first time in recorded history the majority of people live in cities and the increasing urbanization modifies their mass, momentum, and energy budgets: in the next decades redevelopment, densification, population increase and demographic shift, as well as climate change will potentially impact the production and consumption of urban ecosystem services. Among the various ecosystem services the ECO.G.U.S. proposal focuses on Green Urban Spaces (GUS). Under the framework of socio-ecohydrology, the ECO.G.U.S. project main goal is to develop scientific tools to quantify the GUS sustainability and their benefits as ecosystem services. The proposed scientific tools will generate guidelines and best management practices with the aim of improving the GUS quality and quantity as well as the current management practices. To address the aforementioned challenges, the objectives of the project are: • to perform a SWOT analysis of GUS typologies with respect to the urban water cycle components, including biophysical, structural and social factors; • to introduce a new dynamical ecohydrological model coupling the dynamics of water, vegetation, energy and nutrients in an urban environment with the stochastic components, thresholds and nonlinearities associated to unpredictability of the hydrological drivers and to the stronger human feedbacks on the hydrosphere and ecosystems; • to frame the problem of urban water management in GUS management using the theory of optimal stochastic control; • to define new guidelines for GUS management; • to lay the foundations of the first EU research group in urban ecohydrology. ECO.G.U.S. project represents one of the first applications of the stochastic ecohydrological approach and the optimal stochastic control to an urban context. The cooperation between high-level institutions (POLITO and DUKE) will help EU and US urban regions to better deal with the shocks and bombshells that will result from climate changes in the next futur

Mots clés : ecohydrology, green urban spaces, ecosystem services, mathematical model, best practices, nonlinear dynamical eco hydrological model, optimal stochastic control

Participants :
- Polytechnic University of Turin (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 197720.1 €
- Duke University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet RACE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

For thousands of years, we have been changing the environment that surrounds us to satisfy our needs and to make our life safer, easier and more prosperous. However, we are not alone on this planet and the increasing magnitude of alterations we impose on our environment impacts the biosphere at every level, from bacteria to mammals. Many of these anthropogenic influences may be fatal for those species, leading to extinction and decrease of biodiversity. To avoid that, it is crucial to understand the process of adaptation in the context of a changing environment, and to understand the limits to population persistence. However, rigorous analysis of the adaptive process has been hindered by technical difficulties and our understanding of adaptation in a changing environment is extremely limited. Therefore, I want to investigate the rate of adaptation in a changing environment from a completely new perspective, enabled by the latest advancements in the field of computer science. The recent establishment of a unified framework of evolutionary processes, bridging the gap between evolutionary computation and evolutionary theory, enables the translation of methods and results between the fields. It has been shown that these techniques can be applied to simple models of biological evolution, and provide new insights into the evolutionary processes. I suggest to employ these methods to analyse the rate at which organisms can adapt to the changing environment. In this project, I will investigate the rate of adaptation, its dependence on natural parameters such as population size and selection strength, and assess the limits to environmental dynamics that can be reconciled with the survival of the species. Knowing the limits to adaptation, the key parameters influencing them and the critical threshold that species can withstand is of vital importance not only to policy makers, but also to all of us.

Mots clés : adaptation, fitness landscapes, seascapes, runtime analysis

Participants :
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 166156.8 €
Projet PROLAND (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Forcible land displacement due to the armed conflict has been prevalent in Colombia’s indigenous communities, which have been disproportionately affected. These communities are pushing back against the different intrusions on their land from multinational companies and armed groups in their goal of regaining possession of communally held territories. Additionally, current peace efforts in Colombia have set in motion a broad programme of land restitution. The project PROLAND examines the relationship between land restitution for indigenous communities and the Victims and Land Restitution Law of 2012, a juridical mechanism that formalises land ownership and, by this action, seeks to restore expropriated land. To date, however, only few indigenous communities have been granted land under the law. PROLAND will address why more cases have not been successfully concluded. The purpose of this project is to explore law on its own merits by interrogating its (in)efficacy and employing it heuristically to disclose the social, cultural, and political contexts that lead to this (in)efficacy. This project will engender new international interdisciplinary research on land restitution and establish the conceptual bases for studying land restitution by looking beyond the domination–resistance paradigm.


Participants :
- Minority rights group lbg (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Autres, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet INTREE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Forest carbon sequestration plays a crucial role in climate change mitigation. As evidenced by recent studies, tree carbon uptake is directly controlled by environmental influence on wood (xylem) formation processes. Current knowledge on how and when climate influences these processes mostly come from short-term direct (weekly xylogenesis monitoring) and long-term indirect (width and anatomy of annual tree rings) analysis of tree growth. Nevertheless these approaches, related to different scales of investigation, cannot provide a complete overview of the complex climate influence on tree carbon sequestration, when used separately. INTREE aims at quantitatively assess multi-temporal climate influence on tree carbon sequestration in temperate and boreal forests. The project will focus on two conifer species, Picea abies and Picea mariana, along two elevation gradients in the Alps and one latitude gradient in Canada. A novel approach, the analysis of intra-ring wood anatomy along tree-ring series, will be used to create a link between different scales of investigation. Xylogenesis monitoring, tree ring analysis, and intra-ring quantitative wood anatomy, will be innovatively used jointly to assess intra-seasonal to multi-decadal climate variation influence on xylem formation processes. This new knowledge will be used to quantify climate influence on xylem cell number, size, and wall thickness in tree rings, and therefore to assess how climate variations affect the amount of carbon annually stock in the tree stem. INTREE will promote the integration of different expertizes, methods and scales of investigation in climate change-related research. Outcomes will provide a unique contribution to current understanding of forest carbon sequestration, and provide mechanistic information for vegetation and carbon process-based models. In conclusion, INTREE will improve the scientific knowledge necessary to develop climate change mitigation actions.

Mots clés : carbon, climate, eco physiology, forest, sink activity, xylem

Participants :
- Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology (Suisse) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 175419.6 €
Projet MAXIWOOD (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Forest-based industries are responsible for about 3% of the world’s total CO 2 eq. emissions and represent one of the few readily available and effective ways of capturing atmosphere’s carbon dioxide. Restructuring forest industries towards products which offer the benefit of long-term carbon storage in so-called harvested wood products (HWP) has an important and underexplored mitigation effect for global warming. In Slovenia, forests represent 58 % of the landcover and are highly important ecologically, socially and economically. Despite the known carbon mitigation potential of wood and the high untapped harvesting capacity as well as the potential for a revival of wood industry, strategic documents do not address the importance of the forest industry as means of offsetting carbon emissions. In order to maximize the potential carbon sink effect of Slovenian forest industry, it is crucial to understand the product/resource interconnections within the value chain and where the carbon is stored/released. Making use and further upgrading candidates’ current skills in modelling and LCA, MAXIWOOD aims to analyse the CO 2 emitted and sequestered by the forest based industry in Slovenia through carbon sequestration, manufacturing, end-of-life treatment and substitution of other products. This will in facilitate an identification of the opportunities for the Slovenian forest industry to improve its carbon footprint and increase competitiveness. Existing national and international studies are largely based on 2013 IPCC guidelines for carbon accounting and are not sufficiently detailed to be translated into policy measures. MAXIWOOD will build further on the existing methodologies in order provide results detailed enough to inform effective policy making. The developed methodology will be applicable in other countries in Europe, increasing the competitiveness of the forest sector and mitigating global warming internationally.

Mots clés : bioeconomy, forest based industry, wood products, carbon accounting, climate change mitigation

Participants :
- Innorenew coe center odlicnosti za raziskave in inovacije na podrocju obnovljivih materialov in zdravega bivanjskega okolja (Slovénie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 243060.48 €
Projet ForMMI (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Forests form a major terrestrial carbon sink, but its size is subject to large uncertainties. Recent advances in the quantification of the sink have highlighted the need for accounting for the effects of forest management and tree mortality. However, management and mortality have been considered in isolation from each other, even though management practises are known have large effects on tree mortality. So far, the lack of suitable management data has hindered the realistic consideration of management effects on forest dynamics in global vegetation models. ForMMI aims to fill these gaps by (1) developing novel observation-based methodology to quantify forest management regimes from single-measurement national forest inventory data, (2) creating statistical models that allow calculation of mortality rates based on management type and intensity and (3) integrating these models into a dynamic global vegetation model LPJ-GUESS and use it to quantify the implications to carbon cycle. The methodological development will enable obtaining of observations-based management information over large areas, thus greatly improving the current use of national-level statistics and assumptions based on management guidelines. This will greatly benefit the future efforts of linking management to forest dynamics in large-scale models. The results will provide a first large-scale and consistent assessment of management impacts on natural mortality of trees and quantify the implications for carbon cycle. This will create an important basis in accounting for management-mortality interactions in global vegetation models, on which further research will be able to build on. The project will provide Dr Suvanto with the skills and expertise needed to establish a leading international role in forest management-mortality interactions, a research direction with increasing importance as current efforts on including management effects and mortality processes to large-scale models move forward.

Mots clés : forest management, tree mortality, dynamic global vegetation models, carbon cycle, terrestrial carbon sink, forest disturbances

Participants :
- University of Birmingham (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 224933.76 €