Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet HistPhilMedTest (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

This project uses integrated history and philosophy for medicine to inform medical practice today. The evaluation of medical tests is today in a state of confusion. Traditionally, the main index used to evaluate diagnostic tests is diagnostic accuracy. Typically, this is done by evaluating the sensitivity (the proportion of patients with a disease that test positive) and the specificity (the proportion of patients without a disease who test negative) of a test. Sensitivity and specificity are commonly assumed to be constants, or to vary only in a limited rage of circumstances. In contrast to this, others claim that sensitivity and specificity are highly variable, so much so that the ‘diagnostic accuracy paradigm’ should be abandoned. Instead of focusing on diagnostic accuracy, some recommend that test evaluation should focus on patient outcomes, whilst others strongly disagree. This confusion is detrimental to medical practice, as it leaves medicine in a state of not knowing how to tell if a medical test is a good one. This project seeks to understand and address this confusion using historical and philosophical tools. Philosophical analysis reveals that the differing attitudes to test evaluation have at their root differing philosophical assumptions about how homogeneous or heterogeneous patients with the same disease are. The project provides and intellectual and social history that traces the development of test evaluation over the twentieth century. It follows how successive generations of researchers have balanced assumptions of homogeneity and heterogeneity and modified them for use in their particular setting. The central claim of this project is that understanding medical history is key to balancing assumptions of homogeneity and heterogeneity skillfully.

Mots clés : philosophy of medicine medical testing sensitivity and specificity diagnostic accuracy

Participants :
- Université Heinrich Heine de Düsseldorf (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 189687.36 €
Projet FLOOD (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

During the last Ice Age, sea-levels were much lower than today. A land bridge, known as Doggerland, connected the British Isles to the European mainland. Doggerland was part of the Eurasian Mammoth Steppe, a continuous biome of grasslands and plains. It was a productive and fertile environment with rich resources, and formed a core habitat for humans. With the warming temperatures of the early Holocene, the ice sheets melted and rising sea-levels submerged Doggerland. Remains of this extinct world are often found on the beaches of the North Sea, and in the nets of fishermen. These finds generate great interest, both in society and in academia, and are being studied across various disciplines. Robust chronological frameworks are crucial for understanding cultural and environmental changes, especially when the stratigraphic context of finds is uncertain. Radiocarbon analysis of several high-profile ancient bones from the North Sea has yielded unexpected results, with anomalously young dates for extinct megafauna, and marine mammals dating to periods when the North Sea was dry. It has been suggested that these dates are affected by contamination, but this was never formally investigated. FLOOD will directly address this issue using cutting-edge advances in radiocarbon dating, including biomolecular assessment of samples to identify contamination, and compound-specific radiocarbon analysis of the amino acid 'hydroxyproline'. FLOOD will (re)date a selection of high-profile samples with the aim to put a long-lasting debate about the validity of these dates to rest. Results will have widespread implications for the study of sea-level fluctuations, climate change, archaeology, (marine) paleoecology and importantly, for the field of radiocarbon dating.

Mots clés : radiocarbon dating doggerland compound specific radiocarbon analysis of amino acids marine paleoecology megafauna archaeological science

Participants :
- Université de Groningue (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 217076.16 €
Projet GRASSP (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The understanding of architectural space is of fundamental importance in archaeology. However, to fully comprehend architectural space, both social practices and activities (as well as their temporality) should be taken into consideration as cultural groups not only create space but also define themselves through the activities that they perform within and around it. This reflexive relationship between space and society is challenging to study, especially in Mediterranean prehistory. While part of the problem lies with the way social theory is applied to archaeology and the understanding of space, the biggest challenge consist in the poorly preserved record regarding architecture and activities, and in the lack of methodology to implement the data resolution of archaeological deposits. The proposed project, “Geoarchaeological Relations between Architectural Space and Social Practices” (GRASSP) seeks to propose a new theoretical and methodological approach to the study of space in archaeology. GRASSP propose to study the relationship between architectural space and social practices at the Mycenaean site of Pylos (Greece) by using cultural sediments as primary dataset. GRASSP has access to a unique dataset of samples and it uses an interdisciplinary methodological and theoretical toolkit consisting of archaeological and social theory, and diverse geoarchaeological techniques in order to reveal the architectural characteristics of the buildings, identify the type of activities performed in these structures, their temporality (transformation/abandonment), and their associated knowhow. GRASSP will bring attention on aspects of material culture that are other than material while rediscussing the role played by cultural sediments in the understanding of space and practices. It will also advance the archaeological discipline by filling deficiencies in methodology and theory applied to the study of the active mutual relationship existing between space and social practice.

Mots clés : anthropogenic sediment, built environment, geoarchaeology, architectural space, social practices

Participants :
- Université de Groningue (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 232916.16 €
Projet SKYNET (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Estimating the ice volume of Earth's glaciers is a grand challenge of Earth System science. Besides being a critical parameter to model glacier evolution, knowledge of glacier volume is fundamental to quantify global sea level rise and available freshwater resources. Under current global warming glaciers are losing mass, making improved glacier ice volume estimates a top-priority to constrain future climate scenarios. Direct glacier ice volume estimates are limited by difficulty in directly measuring the ice thickness. As a result, estimates rely on models, many of which depend on explicit physical laws but require parameters often poorly constrained. Today, the amount of satellite data is increasing at such a rate that it cannot be efficiently exploited by traditional processing pipelines. At the same time, Artificial Intelligence techniques are becoming increasingly dominant problem-solving techniques. In particular, deep learning models have recently shown the ability to surpass human accuracy in many scientific tasks. The goal of the SKYNET project is to develop an innovative deep learning-based model capable of exploiting the huge amount of available satellite data to improve the current estimates of ice volumes of all Earth’s glaciers, from continental alpine glaciers to polar glaciers, including those in the periphery of Greenland and Antarctica. The proposed methodology makes use of state-of-the art image inpainting architectures fed with satellite-based digital elevation models (TanDEM-X,REMA), altimetry (NASA’s ICESat-2), gravity and ice surface velocity data to infer subglacial topographies hence ice volumes. Modelled topographies will be constrained towards realistic solutions using glacier ice thickness measurements (GlaThiDa repository) from in-situ and remotely sensed observations. SKYNET will be jointly developed by two leading institutions in glaciology and remote sensing: the University of Venice and the University of California Irvine.

Mots clés : glacier ice volume artificial intelligence deep learning satellite remote sensing

Participants :
- Université Ca' Foscari de Venise (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 288859.2 €
- University of California System (Etats-Unis) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet MOBASC (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Middle Eastern migration has always impacted European social and economic life. Yet, Eurocentrism overshadows discussions of current migration policies as well as scholarship on historical mobility. While the mobility of Arabic-speaking Christians across the centuries to and within Europe has received some scholarly attention, their mobility beyond European borders is largely overlooked, leading to an incomplete view of those who migrated to Europe. To fill in the missing pieces of the picture, my project “Travelers on the Margins: Mobility of Arabic-Speaking Christians in the Ottoman Empire (MOBASC)” investigates the travels of this minority on the fringes of Europe, in the lands held by the Ottoman Empire (1517-1922). Those Christians who traveled to Europe began their journeys within that Empire—indeed their mobility was often confined to its territories—and St. Catherine’s Monastery, Sinai, served as a way-stop for many (as well as a destination for pilgrims). This project’s primary sources are notes written by these travelers on the margins of hundreds of the monastery’s Arabic manuscripts, recently made available online. These notes, mainly in Arabic but also in Greek and Syriac, offer rich insights into the writers and their origins and itineraries. I will collect and reconstruct the travelers’ accounts through their notes using my expertise in Arabic manuscripts and digital cataloging and harnessing innovative approaches from micro and global history, as well as social history, Eastern Christian studies, and ego-document studies, and the skills I will acquire during the fellowship in digital humanities, document studies, and Greek and Syriac manuscript cultures. This will enable their travels to be contextualized, analyzed, and compared with other mobility from the same era, in particular travels that continued to Europe. In turn, motives, patterns, dynamics, and strategies of mobility will be revealed, which can be compared to current migration patterns.

Mots clés : arabic speaking christians, arabic manuscripts, mobility, st catherine s monastery, sinai, marginal notes, marginalia, manuscript culture, ottoman empire, social history, digital humanities

Participants :
- Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 173847.36 €
- University of California System (Etats-Unis) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet BORCA (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Mathematics
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Infinite graphs and their combinatorics model large real-life networks, like the internet, but are also an essential tool to understand mathematical structures that are intrinsically infinite, like the geometry of the Euclidean spaces. The project concerns research in descriptive set theory and its interactions with measure theory, dynamical systems, graph limits and theoretical computer science through the study of regularity properties of combinatorial problems on infinite graphs. These considerations played a fundamental role in the spectacular results on the circle squaring problem and form a new field, measurable graph theory.  In the last years, an explosion of activity has brought new exciting ideas to this field: formal connections with the theory of distributed computing and random processes, the notion of asymptotic dimension from geometric group theory, or a generalization of the determinacy method of Marks. These ideas have already found several groundbreaking applications and are highly promising in gaining new perspectives on old problems. We propose to employ, combine and further develop these methods with particular emphasis on applications to the study of central questions of descriptive set theory, that is, Borel hyperfiniteness, equidecomposition problems, or the abstract classification problem, as well as on finding new links and applications to classical graph theory, in particular, to algorithmic aspects of partition problems on finite graphs.  The fellowship will be carried out over 26 months: 14 at UCLA, 6 at MU and 6 at Leipzig University. The supervisors, Itay Neeman at UCLA and Dan Kráľ, currently at Masaryk University and moving to Leipzig University in April 2025, are leading figures in their respective fields of interest, descriptive set theory and combinatorics. Together with the expertise of the fellow, the project promises a unique potential for bridging these fields, solving deep problems in both areas, developing the fellow's research profile and bringing the contemporary trends of descriptive set theory to Central Europe.

Mots clés : descriptive set theory, graph theory, measurable graph combinatorics, borel graph, countable borel equivalence relation, graph limits, extremal combinatorics

Participants :
- Université de Leipzig (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 41036.46 €
- University of California System (Etats-Unis) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet Asperterpenoid (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The rise of multi-drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the pathogen responsible for the infectious disease tuberculosis, calls for research into novel antitubercular scaffolds and targets. Asperterpenoid is a rare sesterterpenoid with a unique and highly complex 5/7(3)/6/5 ring-fused carbon skeleton that strongly inhibits tyrosine phosphatase B, a virulence factor protein secreted by M. tuberculosis that aids human host infection. To date, total synthesis of asperterpenoid has not been accomplished. We propose a modular synthesis of asperterpenoid from biorenewable sitolactone using a key intermolecular reductive titanium mediated Giese addition reaction. The scope of this privileged reaction will be expanded by investigating selected epoxide substrates and Michael acceptors. We anticipate that the synthetic strategy to asperterpenoid can be extrapolated to prepare variecolin, a structurally related sesterterpenoid that has been subject of several studies but never reached by chemical synthesis. Based on its structural similarity to asperterpenoid, we expect that variecolin will also exhibit antitubercular activity. We plan to study the known antitubercular activity of asperterpenoid by structural diversification and its mechanism of action by a chemical biology tools such as molecular imaging. We also plan to test variecolin for antitubercular activity. The action is expected to contribute to new synthetic tools and strategies to prepare rare sesterterpenoid natural products, a better understanding of the promising antitubercular properties of asperterpenoid, and to demonstrate that variecolin exhibits similar bioactive behaviour.

Mots clés : sesterterpenoid, variecolin, radical chemistry, photo redox chemistry, asymmetric synthesis, chemical biology, tuberculosis, molecular imaging

Participants :
- Université d'Aarhus (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 286191.36 €
- University of California System (Etats-Unis) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet LAGOSTECH (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

To improve our understanding of the interactions and negotiations between society and Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in sub-Saharan African ‘silicon places’, LAGOSTECH will investigate the experiences of technology in and the digital creativity emanating from two technological nodes (Yaba and Talent City) in Lagos. Nigeria is home to the largest number of tech hubs in Africa, but paradoxically is also where silicon places have received the least scholarly attention. Studies of Silicon Valley reveal how ‘technologically saturated’ places strongly influence social relationships and individual experiences while producing a variety of perceptions of technology. Yet, despite the EU’s strong interest in digitalisation processes in Africa, previous studies on African technological nodes focused on entrepreneurs’ investment strategies within tech hubs, paying scarce attention to high-tech communities’ socio-cultural characteristics and to the broader reasons behind their development. LAGOSTECH aims to fill this gap by analysing Lagos innovation clusters in everyday life, with a focus on the negotiation of ‘technology contracts’; that is, the social dynamics through which ICTs are accepted, amended or rejected, ultimately leading to the emergence or the disappearance of these communities. Through ethnographic fieldwork, LAGOSTECH will look at the stories, discourses, and practices of tech entrepreneurs, experts, users and consumers, revealing how they imagine their digital futures and the interweaving between people and ICTs. In addition to advancing knowledge in disciplines such as Anthropology, Sociology, African Studies, STS, and Silicon Valley studies, the project’s findings will facilitate a broader reconsideration of ICTs in Africa, leading to improved collaboration between European and sub-Saharan African stakeholders.

Mots clés : social and cultural anthropology technology icts internet silicon valley tech hub african studies sts, creativity innovation social dynamism computers technology contracts nigeria lagos

Participants :
- KU Leuven (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 266684.16 €
- San José State University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet NETCORE (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) hold promise in the restoration of lost sensorimotor abilities after stroke, a leading cause of disability. Yet, their effectiveness varies because BCI typically need to be customized for each patient. For this, the development of objective markers for monitoring task performance, learning, and progress remains one of the main challenges in BCI. We aim to develop biomarkers to assess the effectiveness and progress of BCI interventions. NETCORE focuses on biomarkers derived from brain-heart interplay. This approach has proven valuable, as changes in brain-heart interplay correlate with disrupted perceptual abilities and even severity/mortality after brain damage. Notably, analyzing brain-heart interplay provides more insightful information compared to studying each organ separately. Our innovative methodology combines network science and biomedical signal processing to estimate interactions between these two systems in the context of motor imagery. We will explore various approaches, such as generative data methods, multi-layer networks, higher-order dependencies, and deducing potential causal interactions from physiologically informed neural models. Then, brain-heart interplay will be studied during BCI training progression in healthy participants, to later contrast with a subset of patients who suffered stroke. Traditionally, brain-damage research mainly focuses on the brain itself, overlooking its multisystem impact. Our ultimate goal is to pave the way for future biomedical breakthroughs in the emerging field of brain-heart interplay. Through these efforts, NETCORE strives to enhance the potential of BCI in aiding brain-injured patients and showing the potential of studying brain-heart interplay in healthcare and neuroscientific research. NETCORE's development will take place at the Paris Brain Institute, which provides an ideal interdisciplinary environment for this research in terms of expertise, equipment, and human resources.

Mots clés : brain computer interface, stroke, rehabilitation engineering, network physiology, motor imagery

Participants :
- Institut du cerveau (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 211754.88 €
- Université de Pennsylvanie (Etats-Unis) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet Fish4Her (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

#Fish4Her aims to address the critical invisibility of women in small-scale fisheries (SSF), focusing on their role in post-harvest activities, which often goes unrecognized in policy and decision-making. Women, particularly in West Africa, face significant human rights violations, including economic and social vulnerabilities, forced displacement, and lack of access to resources. These challenges are exacerbated by the rapid expansion of the ocean economy. #Fish4Her seeks to assess how empowerment processes can leverage gender equality and improve human rights in benefit of female fish processors and their communities. The project’s interdisciplinary framework combines insights from socio-ecological systems, environmental governance, and gender theory. It employs a mix-methods, participatory approach, involving local women and stakeholders in three coastal communities impacted by ocean economy developments. The research is structured around three key objectives: (1) Innovate a conceptual framework for empowerment; (2) Validate the framework through on-the-ground implementation; and (3) Accelerate the empowerment process by creating safe spaces for women to discuss their rights and strategies for change. A fourth objective focuses on disseminating findings to local communities, policymakers, and global stakeholders - Mainstream gender equality into ocean equity and blue justice discussions. By advancing gender equality in SSF, #Fish4Her aims to contribute to the broader goals of sustainable development and social justice.

Mots clés : small scale fisheries human rights gender equity

Participants :
- Université rhénane Frédéric-Guillaume de Bonn (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 217965.12 €