Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet MOMIC (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Because of high damage caused by corrosion, polymer protective coatings are materials of great importance. There is growing interest to search for high-performance coatings with less toxic anticorrosive additives (pigments) than commonly used chromates. The main obstacle in design of novel systems is the lack of understanding of fundamental transport phenomena of pigments in the coatings. The project MOMIC (Migration Of Molecules In Coatings) aims at investigating the migration mechanism of anticorrosive additives through polymer coatings. Two model systems will be investigated in order to meet this goal, namely isolated particles system, in which the transport phenomena in polymer matrix will be studied and clustered particles system which is a model reflecting commercial coating formulations. In order to evaluate the migration pathways through the coatings two measurement approaches will be employed. The depletion of the pigment particles will be studied with X-ray Computational Tomography (XCT) combined with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)-based sectioning technique. The molecular migration will be followed with a combination of chemical imaging techniques such as Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM), (Confocal) Raman and Infrared Spectroscopy. The project will result in establishing the mechanisms for model systems which are envisioned to be applied to characterise transport phenomena in commercial coatings. This will allow to design coatings with functional additives as well as improve their anticorrosive performance.

Mots clés : pigment migration, polymer coatings, diffusion, x ray tomography, corrosion protection

Participants :
- AkzoNobel (Netherlands) (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 177598.8 €
Projet SCSC (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Because the mammalian nervous system exhibits a limited capacity for regeneration, spinal-cord injury causes permanent damage in humans. In contrast, zebrafish regenerate their spinal cords after damage. Understanding this process in zebrafish might one day suggest regenerative strategies for humans. This proposal therefore aims to elucidate the transcriptional processes that regulate regeneration in the zebrafish spinal cord. Although genome-wide expression profiling has revealed factors that promote spinal cord regeneration, microarray and bulk RNA-seq methods are unable to localize candidates to particular cell types. The molecular diversity of cell types that contribute to spinal cord regeneration thus has not been fully explored, and the cell type-specific roles of the signals that instruct the process remain unclear. The applicant will address this gap by performing single-nucleus RNA-seq on regenerating zebrafish spinal cord and analyzing the data to reveal cell types and cell type-specific gene expression changes. This goal entails three specific aims: 1) Establish a protocol for isolating nuclei from the zebrafish spinal cord. 2) Establish a molecular taxonomy of cell types in the regenerating spinal cord. 3) Characterize cell type-specific gene-expression changes in the regenerating spinal cord. The project will be completed in a laboratory that specializes in single-cell RNA-seq methods and neuroscience, providing exceptional training in the experimental and computational methods associated with high-throughput single-cell analysis and preparing the applicant for a career as an independent investigator. The host institute is moreover a leading research institute at the forefront of neuroscience and single-cell biology, with postdoctoral career support. The proposal will yield an atlas of the cell type-specific transcriptional changes that occur during regeneration, providing new insight and a novel resource for researchers in the field of regeneration.

Mots clés : high throughput single nucleus rna sequencing, zebrafish spinal cord regeneration

Participants :
- Karolinska Institutet (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 191852.16 €
Projet CRESO (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Before it became desert, the so-called ‘Green Sahara’ was maintained by wetter conditions during the Early and Mid-Holocene periods (ca. 9500 to 3500 BC). Prehistoric groups have painted numerous scenes and motifs, especially in the Saharan massifs such as Ahaggar, Tassili, Messak, Acacus, Aïr, Tibesti, Ennedi, Gilf el-Kebir and Jebel Uweinat, from West to East. Rock art of this 'optimum' encompasses a wide range of representations, in which images of the human body and social life are at a very high proportion, compared to rock art traditions of other parts of the world. As such, it is a unique corpus for studying body perception and depiction in the late Prehistory. Until today, the potential of the corpus is still under-explored in terms of human and cultural thought, systems of meanings and social dimensions. The objective is to get Saharan rock art studies beyond typology, style and dating to actually learn about the meanings involved, particularly on the body and on identity. It aims to review prehistoric paintings of humans in the perspective of what they tell to us about perception and representation of the body, of Self and of the group. Beyond, the research question posed is ‘How prehistoric groups of North Africa have built images of their identity and social being?’. The CRESO project is based on rock art data already collected in the Saharan massifs. The research questions focus on body conception and human relationships throughout a period of profound ecological and socio-economic changes, and on generic and symbolic representations and what they tell of the ‘worldviews’ of the painters. Two approaches will be applied, (1) at a large scale with a database and GIS platform, and (2) on a small subset in which images will be ‘excavated’ through a very detailed analysis. At the crossroads of several disciplines including cognitive archaeology and palaeosociology, CRESO is expected to renew the research issues in North African rock art studies.

Mots clés : archaeology, rock art, north africa, sahara, prehistory, holocene optimum, human body, cognition, palaeosociology, representation, identity, social being

Participants :
- University of Cambridge (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet StartAct (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Behavior arises through the combination of movements within distributed circuits. Most work in the past focused on high motor centers and executive circuits in the spinal cord, but how these systems are linked in order to function is poorly understood. The substantia nigra reticulata (SNR), a basal ganglia output, sends projections to the brainstem. Yet how the brainstem processes these inputs to control actions remains unknown. The Arber lab discovered that the parvocellular reticular formation (PCRt) of the mouse brainstem harbors neurons controlling forelimb behaviors including reaching. PCRt neurons receive inhibitory inputs from the SNR. Thus, the SNR-PCRt circuit is an excellent stepping stone for understanding the mechanisms behind self-initiated actions. I propose to investigate the impact of the SNR signaling on the activity of PCRt neurons when a mouse self-initiates forelimb reaching. I will characterize the anatomy and nature of SNR to PCRt connections to understand whether and how this architecture supports forelimb movement. I will combine a behavioral task designed to isolate the neuronal events around the triggering of a self-initiated action with loss- and gain of function perturbations to unravel the building blocks of self-initiated actions. Finally, I will use the task while monitoring the activity of specific SNR and PCRt neurons to understand how the different actors physically implement the operations for self-initiated actions. Together, my experiments will disclose the fine-scale machinery for initiating and controlling an action. This level of understanding is key for designing new therapies to help people impaired in self- initiating actions such in Parkinson’s disease. The fellowship will provide me with the unique opportunity to expand my expertise and establish the foundations of my future career as an independent group leader.

Mots clés : systems neuroscience, action initiation, action control, brainstem, basal ganglia, forelimb movements, behavior, optogenetics

Participants :
- Friedrich Miescher Institute (Suisse) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 203149.44 €
Projet CoBeN (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Staff Exchanges
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Behavioral neurology is a scientific discipline that seeks to identify the neurobiological basis of cognitive impairment associated with different types of brain disorders. Recent advances in structural/functional neuroimaging have provided powerful new tools for studying the neural networks that support normal cognition and improve our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to network disruption in patients with specific neuropsychological deficits. In addition, non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques offer exciting new opportunities to modulate neural network function and brain plasticity to obtain long-lasting therapeutic benefits. Although these novel neuroscience methods have tremendous potential, no single academic institution has all the expertise and resources needed to conduct the type of multi-disciplinary research effort that is expected to produce the best scientific results. The central aim of our project is to facilitate collaborative research by establishing an international scientific consortium to study universal, language-specific, and disease-specific neural network architectures underlying reading/spelling, motor speech/handwriting control, and visual processing. The proposed studies will introduce novel behavioral paradigms to assess cognition, use state-of-the-art imaging techniques to identify changes in neural network dynamics responsible for cognitive impairment in patients with stroke or neurodegenerative disease, and explore the therapeutic potential of NIBS. The international collaboration envisioned between participating institutions in the Czech Republic, Hungary, and the United States builds on the complementary expertise of researchers, promotes the transfer of knowledge and innovation, provides the necessary infrastructure and organizational framework to develop the careers of the staff members involved, and establishes a new model for training future generations of behavioral neurologists.

Mots clés : behavioural neurology, brain networks, nibs, rtms, language processing, handwriting, speech production, acoustic analysis, kinematic analysis, cognitive, reading, spelling, visual processing

Participants :
- Arizona's Public Universities (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Masaryk University (Rép. Tchèque) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 216000.0 €
- University of Szeged (Hongrie) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 90000.0 €
Projet DIALOG (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Besides their role as immune sentinels, macrophages fulfil specific functions that are strictly related to their tissue of residence. As an example, the loss of gut macrophages is correlated with impaired crypt cells differentiation which might favour the establishment of chronic intestinal inflammation. Macrophage functions are known to be regulated by tissular niches that imprint the macrophage tissue-specific identity. However, little is known about the “feedback” role of the macrophage for the maintenance and function of its niche. I hypothesise that the loss of a given macrophage subset might imperil its microenvironment through the alteration of its niche cells function or maintenance. Unravelling this feedback mechanism is technically challenging. Current mouse models target macrophages themselves, inducing their rapid replacement by circulating monocytes and thus preventing their long term depletion. Here, I will take advantage of their dependence to a continuous provision of trophic factors by their niche to manipulate and study gut macrophages in a novel manner. First, I will unravel the composition of each gut macrophage niches in a global and unbiased approach by combining single cells and spatial transcriptomics. Next, I will determine the potential cellular sources of trophic factors in each gut niches. Once identified, I will use specific mouse models to delete the trophic factor in the candidate cells to induce a long term depletion of a given macrophage subset. Finally, I will unravel the function of macrophages to their niche by analysing in silico the niche cells transcriptome after macrophage loss to highlight potential molecular interactions between the macrophage and the niche that would induce the survival or differentiation of niche cells. They would eventually be confirmed in vivo by using specific mouse models.

Mots clés : macrophage, niche, stroma, intestine

Participants :
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 184707.84 €
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Partner, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet TRANSLATIO (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Between 1600 and 1800 more than 35,000 cases are documented of the exchange of skeletons and other sacred relics of saints between Catholic communities along the Italian peninsula and Lutheran and Catholic groups in Catholicism’s northernmost Nordic-Baltic borderlands, according to the religious ritual of ‘translatio’ (‘translation’)—the ceremonial relocation of relics of saints and holy persons. The art, architecture and material memory culture of translatio has continued to shape European borderlands identities into the present. This project aims to rewrite the ritualized relic into the history of modern Europe, reassessing the underestimated yet crucial role of relics and the artistic-material culture of religious ritual as generators of interreligious reconciliation and identity formation across Europe’s seemingly most insurmountable divides from the early modern period (c. 1500-1700) through the present day. Although recent shifts in scholarship have moved away from disciplinary boundaries to reframe more inclusive European histories, oppositional theoretical models dominate historical analysis, resulting in isolationist or antagonist historical narratives that fail to account for the interconnectedness of European historical experience. My project TRANSLATIO aims to: 1) rewrite a trans-European revisionist history of the art, architecture and material culture of the ritualized relic over the longue durée that sets diverse religious cultures in conversation rather than opposition and plots the Nordic-Baltic sphere against a broader European transregional context and 2) develop an adaptable multi- or poly-comparative model for non-oppositional translational historical analysis that will pave the way to open new perspectives for how scientific studies might reframe complex much-needed interconnected histories of Europe. As a showcase of my poly-comparative translational methodology, I will write a research monograph and create an open-access website.

Mots clés : relics, reliquaries

Participants :
- National Museum of Denmark (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 207312.0 €
Projet MARESIA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : TERMINATED

Between 2013 and August 2019, seaborne migration caused over 15,000 casualties in the Southern Mediterranean alone. While crucial to save lives, maritime Search and Rescue (SAR) operations have been increasingly criticized as a hindrance to effective border control. Despite being signatories to all relevant international conventions and facing mixed migratory flows comprising of both economic migrants and refugees, Australia and Italy have developed different (although eventually converging) approaches to seaborne migration. Not only governments, but also different seafaring organizations have understood the duty to rescue in different ways. What explains variations in rescue policies across countries, over time, and between maritime actors? Drawing on constructivist international relations scholarship, this project conceptualizes maritime rescue as a contested international norm, investigating the role of norm contestation processes in informing varying interpretations of the duty to rescue. To this end, I will conduct a structured-focused comparison of maritime rescue offshore Australia and Italy between 1990 and 2020. Specifically, the project consists in two interrelated tasks. First, I will systematically compare how the Italian and Australian governments and publics have understood the moral and legal obligation to conduct SAR. Second, I will examine public and private organizations’ internalization of the rescue norm by examining the discourses and behaviour of navies, border and coast guards, shipping companies, and NGOs operating in Australia and Italy’s maritime regions. In previous years, I conducted fieldwork aboard NGO ships and published extensively on SAR in the Mediterranean. By funding the first comparative, book-lengthy study of the maritime rescue norm and its ongoing contestation, a Marie Curie Global Fellowship would be crucial for my career development, allowing me to become a leading scholar of maritime security and international norms.

Mots clés : international norms, maritime security, human security, humanitarianism

Participants :
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 257209.92 €
- University of Queensland (Australie) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet HOLYHOST (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Between the 4th and the 7th century AD, many hospices dedicated to the poor, elderly, strangers and travelers were built in the countryside, along roads, around and inside cities. They were commissioned by the Church, rich pious men and women concerned by the redeem of their sins, as well as emperors who saw this as a guarantee of social stability. Welfare is thus an important phenomena of Late Antiquity, abundantly mentioned by ancient literary sources and inscriptions, particularly in the eastern part of the Empire. However, the buildings that provided shelter and care to the needy have not yet received sufficient attention from archaeologists. Except for buildings which were identified by their inventors as hostels dedicated to pilgrims, they are still invisible in the field. The aim of the HOLYHOST research project is to bring this social history’s main topic on the field of archaeology. It will address the welfare issue through the archaeological and architectural survey and study of Ancient welfare and hosting establishments’ remains, in the Holy Land (Palestine and Jordan) and around. This work will contribute to a better understanding of the practices linked to hospitality, welfare, accommodation and care in Antiquity. Moreover, such establishments served as models for medieval and modern Islamic, Jewish and Christian waqf institutions (religious endowment), and welfare continues to be highly relevant nowadays, through issues still at the heart of contemporary challenges debated in Europe: poverty, social exclusion, migrant crisis, principle of reception and hospitality. This interdisciplinary and diachronic research project will thus offer many new research perspectives, in terms of history of architecture, evolution of care practices, social and political regulations.

Mots clés : archaeology, architecture, social history, late antiquity, near east, byzantine era, welfare, hospital, hospice, hospitality

Participants :
- Université Paris 1 - Panthéon Sorbonne (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 196707.84 €
Projet BetweenTwoBrains (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

BetweenTwoBrains aims to investigate the oscillatory brain mechanisms underlying a fundamental human social behavior: collaboration. A growing dichotomy in the current understanding of this important behavior motivates this goal - Whereas there is an increasing number of empirical observations that interpersonal neural synchronization supports collaboration, the challenge is to understand the mechanism and function of this synchronization in the context of human social behavior. BetweenTwoBrains tackles this challenge in three steps. 1st Relate collaborative behavior to specific brain oscillatory networks (using dual-magnetoencephalography, dual-MEG). 2nd Test the hypothesis that there is a causal link between interpersonal neural synchrony and teamwork success (using dual transcranial alternating current stimulation, dual-tACS). Finally, 3rd, translate this research to understand the oscillatory basis of collaboration deficits in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Beyond basic research, this project will yield impact in a wide range of industries relying on teamwork (e.g., ER medical teams), and in potential new treatments for ASD. Excellent training in cognitive neuroscience research will be provided by leading experts at the University of Birmingham, UK (tACS and M/EEG) and the Aalto University, Finland (dual-MEG). After six years of research experience in experimental psychology at North American universities, the neuroscience training and reintegration opportunities provided by this fellowship will help me become an independent scientist in the European research panorama.

Mots clés : social cognition, collaboration, brain oscillations, autism

Participants :
- University of Birmingham (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €