Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet LAREGRE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

LAREGRE takes into account all documentary papyri from IV to VII AD Egypt, which contain passages in the Latin language, be they simple characters, words, phrases, or full texts (about 400 manuscripts). These documents will be investigated within the larger frame of Late Antique Egypt, the Late, and the Eastern Roman Empire. The core questions of this study are i) how the central government (first that of Rome, than that of Constantinople as the Empire fragmented) used the Latin language in the Egyptian provinces to enhance its power and authority; and ii) how people in Egypt reacted to the cultural and political decline of Rome, hitherto the centre of Roman power and the symbol of Western rule. The project addresses sets of documents so far understudied and fills a long-standing gap in scholarship; it stems from my experience as a scholar and interpreter of Latin texts on papyrus within the ERC-funded project PLATINUM (2015-2021), which has contributed to re-assess the historical importance of manuscripts, such as Latin papyri, potsherds or tablets from Egypt and the Mediterranean basin, usually overlooked or understudied. Employed methodologies will combine papyrological and palaeographical analysis on the manuscripts – which will be greatly improved at the Center for the Tebtynis Papyri in Berkeley – with historical investigation on the texts and contexts gathered from those very manuscripts, to be decidedly enhanced by the final year of the Fellowship at the DISCI in Bologna. The success of this project will improve my professional profile into a more complete scholar, and will boost my chances of getting a tenure-track position within the DISCI itself.


Participants :
- University of Bologna (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 251002.56 €
- University of California System (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet LawLove (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

LAWLOVE proposes an analysis of the laws on the protection of artworks and monuments that were issued in the European countries between early 1400s and late 1700s. The objective is to develop a comparative analysis of legislation through both a juridical and an art historical perspective, to understand the systems established in early-modern and modern Europe to administer, protect, supervise, conserve, maintain, classify and record what was thought of as “heritage” in various states. Research will be carried out on original records related to legislation, including documents preserved in archives and institutes in Europe, and will involve an interdisciplinary approach to Art History, Cultural History, History of Restoration and Conservation, Legal History, Comparative Law, History of Heritage Legislation, and History of Administration. Research objectives will include an understanding of: the conceptual core of legislation; the systems of administration/supervision prescribed by law; the legal instruments provided to implement the law. Research results will include: a translation of the corpus of legislation into English; a study of the development of a consistent concept of “heritage”; a study of the practices established to administer, restore, safeguard, catalogue the heritage in 15th- to 18th-century Europe. LAWLOVE will establish a new state-of-the-art and found a first history of legislation on the protection of the artefacts in Europe, which at the moment is completely lacking, dealing also with questions related to the EU policy-making on the preservation of the heritage. A specific training-through-research will help the fellow to acquire: new research competencies; methodologies and expertise in new interdisciplinary areas; transferable skills; skills in project/financial management; writing/lecturing/communication skills. The fellow will refine her maturity and independence as academic, increasing her competitiveness for future career opportunities.


Participants :
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 257209.92 €
Projet MELANOPARK (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

LRRK2 is a multi-domain protein, which uniquely possesses both protein kinase and GTPase catalytic activities. Autosomal dominant mutations of LRRK2 represent one of the principal genetic risk factors for Parkinson’s Disease (PD), which results in preferential loss of neuromelanin containing, dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra. The (patho)physiological roles of LRRK2 are currently unclear. However, it has been linked to the regulation of endolysosmal membrane trafficking through complex formation with other PD-related gene-products (Rab7L and Vps35). LRRK2 is also highly expressed in skin pigment cells (melanocytes), which specifically produce melanin within the lysosome-related organelles known as melanosomes, in a process referred to as melanogenesis. Here we propose to examine the substrates and function of LRRK2 in pigmented melanoma cells. We will generate a MNT1 cell panel expressing PD-associated mutations of LRRK2 using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and characterise the respective (phospho)proteomes ±LRRK2 inhibitors from total lysates and from melanosome-enriched fractions using quantitative mass spectrometry. Melanosome biogenesis itself will be compared across the panel using electron microscopic procedures established by the experienced researcher as well as other organelle associated parameters (e.g. contacts with mitochondria) and trafficking pathways linked to Vps35 and Rab7L. The aim is to establish LRRK2 substrates or cellular consequences of activity, which may be specific to melanin-containing cells and link these to PD or to the increased incidence of melanoma observed in PD patients.

Mots clés : parkinson s disease, lrrk2, melanosomes, proteomics, crispr

Participants :
- University of Liverpool (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet EVREP (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Land plants constitute a significant part of the world’s biomass and the human diet. The transition of plants to a land-based habitat led to profound developmental innovations. A major change was the formation of a sexual-based reproductive system. In basal land-plant linages, the haploid-gametophytic phase dominates the life cycle. In later linages the diploid-sporophytic phase took a more prominent role. This switch involved the elaboration of an embryo-based reproductive system. However, there is a significant gap in our understanding of the evolutionary, genetic and developmental mechanisms that enabled the formation of a sexual reproductive system. We hypothesize that embryo evolution entailed two key consecutive events: 1. Cell proliferation and growth following fertilization and prior to meiosis, which generates the sporophyte. 2. Specification of a subset of cells as sporogenous cells, which will generate the spores. Based on published work and recent data from the host lab, we propose that the first step involves class I KNOTTED1-like homeobox (KNOX1), and the second, class III Homeodomain-Leucine Zipper (C3HDZ). In the proposed research, we aim to use the basal land plants to 1. characterize the role of KNOX1 genes in sporophyte formation and 2. Identify regulators of sporogenous formation by identifying C3HDZ targets and determine their role in sporogenous specification. The proposed research is expected to elucidate the molecular network underlying reproductive development of land plants and its evolution. This may unravel basic principles of developmental innovations that enable the evolution of land plants and the conquest of novel habitat. This postdoctoral fellowship will provide me with an opportunity to be trained in the field of evolutionary-developmental biology and to achieve my future goals as an independent scientist.

Mots clés : land plant evolution, class iii hd zip, marchantia, reproduction, knox

Participants :
- Tel Aviv University (Israël) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 258205.44 €
- Monash University (Australie) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet ConfliGram (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Languages differ with respect to the expression of grammatical gender. English lacks a grammatical gender distinction, using the same determiner the for both the room and the bread. Spanish, by contrast, marks gender, as in feminine la habitación ‘the room’ vs masculine el pan ‘the bread’. Bilinguals may speak one language with grammatical gender and one language without. When they mix these languages in the same phrase, known as code-switching, the strategy used to assign gender varies (e.g. el cookie or la cookie are both possible in Spanish-English). Existing accounts predict the language of the determiner in mixed noun phrases, but struggle to predict its gender. This project investigates how speakers deal with this gender assignment, using data from two typologically understudied language pairs: Purepecha-Spanish (Mexico) and Batsbi-Georgian (Georgia). Purepecha and Georgian have no grammatical gender, while Spanish has two genders and Batsbi has five, a more extensive system than any systematically studied to date. I will investigate the role of existing predictors of gender assignment, such as phonology and natural gender, and will introduce new variables, e.g. animacy and semantic domain. On the basis of naturalistic corpus data, I will design and run production and comprehension tasks probing the gender assignment strategies employed, testing the two main explanatory frameworks (Matrix Language, and minimalist). As both situations display patterns of dominant majority-minority language interaction, I will also investigate the social dimensions of code-switching, including behaviour and attitudes, identifying commonalities. This usage-based approach is in its infancy for lesser-studied minority languages, but results in high-quality, comparable data. Such data is necessary to bridge the gap with well-studied language pairs, to broaden our understanding of the individual languages, and to inform current models of code-switching and bilingual grammar.

Mots clés : code switching, language contact, grammatical gender, purepecha, spanish, georgian, batsbi, minority languages, corpora

Participants :
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 184707.84 €
Projet LHCBIGDATA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Large international scientific collaborations will face in the near future unprecedented computing and data challenges. The analysis of multi-PetaByte datasets at CMS, ATLAS, LHCb and Alice, the four experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), requires a global federated infrastructure of distributed computing resources. The HL-LHC, the High Luminosity upgrade of the LHC, is expected to deliver 100 times more data than the LHC, with corresponding increase of event sizes, volumes and complexity. Modern techniques for big data analytics and machine learning (ML) are needed to cope with such unprecedented data stream. Critical areas that will strongly benefit from ML are data analysis, detector operation including calibration and monitoring, and computing operations. Aim of this project is to provide the LHC community with the necessary tools to deploy ML solutions through the use of open cloud technologies such as the INDIGO-DataCloud services. Heterogeneous technologies (systems based on multi-cores, GPUs, ...) and opportunistic resources will be integrated. The developed tools will be experiment-independent to promote the exchange of common solutions among the various LHC experiments. The benefits of such an approach will be demonstrated in a real world use case, the optimization of the computing operations for the CMS experiment. In addition, once available, the tools to deploy ML as a service can be easily transferred to other scientific domains that have the need to treat large data streams.

Mots clés : distributed computing, machine learning, parallel processing

Participants :
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 180277.2 €
Projet ErMIR (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Laser sources that can operate in the mid-infrared are increasingly used in applications spanning laser precision surgery to the remote detection of chemicals. Currently, we are experiencing a humanitarian crisis, with the illegal transport of suffering refugees affecting every European country. This project aims to develop a compact and efficient laser source that could potentially help the safe passage of refugees by remotely detecting carbon dioxide that is present when humans breathe. During the course of this project, new laser materials based on erbium-doped sesquioxides will be grown and fully characterised, and developed into highly efficient laser sources. In order to increase the efficiency of erbium-doped lasers operating near 3 µm, these lasers will be made to also emit radiation near 1.6 µm, creating a so-called cascade laser. By using this scheme, the 3 µm transition can be made more efficient since emission of 1.6 µm radiation depopulates its lower laser level, and this scheme further reduces limiting thermal effects, since the 1.6 µm radiation would normally cause heating effects in the laser crystal. This erbium cascade laser will generate 3 µm radiation with more than double the output power that has been previously demonstrated, paving the way for enhanced application-driven experiments. These will be investigated by Q-switching the two-colour laser, and further using this output to generate radiation near 4 µm by means of optical parametric amplification. This now three-colour laser output increases the applicability of such a laser source, allowing for the detection of a larger range of chemical species, but also accurate detection of specific chemicals by measuring the differential absorption of, for example, carbon dioxide at each wavelength. As such, a crude proof-of-concept experiment will be carried out to determine the carbon dioxide concentration in a laboratory environment, by measuring the differential absorption of cabon dioxide at each of the three wavelengths.

Mots clés : remote sensing, stand off detection

Participants :
- Forschungsverbund Berlin (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 171460.8 €
Projet DEMOcrises (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Latin American countries are vulnerable to a range of natural hazards; to political and economic crises; and to armed conflicts. Since 1994, the European Commission has provided over €1 billion in assistance to Latin American countries facing humanitarian crisis. However, little is known about the demographic impacts of those crises and the humanitarian aid outreach. The reason could be attributable to the lack of good quality in regional official data. Inadequate estimates have implications on the attention that a humanitarian crisis receives, as policy makers need to be aware of the sensitivity of changes in accurate figures and rates. The main objective of this project is to produce accurate demographic estimates that enlighten our understanding of the complex dimensions of a humanitarian crisis in Latin America, using Venezuela as an example. Venezuela is currently undergoing a profound social and economic crisis with far-reaching consequences for its demographic trends. As migration became the only survival strategy possible for most Venezuelans, the crisis has been spilling over the continent, leaving no country in Latin America unaffected. Studies on the demographic consequences of a catastrophe usually refer to events in the distance past, in this regard; the main innovations of this project is to produce accurate updated estimates for keeping track of the demographic consequence of an ongoing crisis. To achieve this, I will (1) apply advanced statistical techniques and demographic (in)direct methods to ensure high-quality and updated demographic estimates of an ongoing crisis; (2) forecast demographic responses to the crisis in order to shed light on public policy design and on humanitarian aid preparedness plans; and (3) use a cross-country comparison and regional perspective to account for the feedback effects among neighbouring nations.

Mots clés : health system crisis, humanitarian aid, demography of crises, forecasting, mortality, infectious diseases, chronic diseases, migration, survival analysis, venezuela

Participants :
- Institut national d'études démographiques (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 257619.84 €
- Johns Hopkins University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet Integrating Memories (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Learning about the world is most effective when we can relate new information to previously learned knowledge structures, but underlying neurocognitive processes are still poorly understood. To successfully structure our knowledge, we can integrate separately learned instances by inferring an association between them. In the brain, this integration of old and new memories has been suggested to be facilitated by the reinstatement of prior knowledge structures during new learning, but it remains unclear exactly how reinstatement enables effective building of such knowledge structures. Especially in real-world educational settings it is vital to understand how to effectively build knowledge, but thus far direct translation of neuroscientific insights to educational practice has proven challenging. Better understanding how we build new knowledge on existing knowledge structures can lead to more efficient educational strategies and programs, helping us to learn more efficiently. I here propose to examine the neural processes underlying these reinstatement and integration processes during learning of educationally relevant information and explore how actively controlling them can benefit educational knowledge building. More specifically, I aim to examine educationally relevant knowledge building by 1) implementing parallel educational and neuroscientific knowledge integration paradigms and 2) combining results and conclusions from both paradigms to 3) explore how students can most effectively build educational knowledge structures. This approach will yield novel insights into active control of knowledge building processes that can be employed to construct more efficient learning strategies in education. This novel approach enables investigating educationally relevant knowledge building in the brain, yielding essential fundamental insights while concurrently generating new knowledge building strategies.

Mots clés : memory integration, memory reinstatement, knowledge building, educational neuroscience, neuroimaging

Participants :
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 165598.8 €
Projet CaLecLig (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Lectins are proteins that bind saccharides, thus mediating cell-cell and cell-pathogen adhesion. They are therefore implicated in many devastating diseases (cancer, diabetes). The pharmaceutical industry had to leverage the remarkable progress in modern methodologies to cope with the enormous challenges of targeting lectins (flexible interactions involving calcium, multivalent ligands/multimeric receptors), producing a dozen of successful glycomimetic drugs (e.g. Tamiflu). To develop workflows comparable to traditional drug/target complexes, however, deep knowledge of lectin/ligand interactions must be gained. This project aims to fill this gap by determining the properties of Ca2+-dependent lectins, LecA/B and DC-SIGN, implicated in bacterial infections of cystic fibrosis patients and viral infections (HIV-1, Ebola), respectively. We will establish the microscopic view of Ca2+ binding to these lectins using advanced molecular dynamics (MD), verified by quantum mechanical (QM) calculations, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and neutron crystallography. Then, we will work out protocol for predicting lectin-ligand binding modes and affinities using free-energy simulations, verified by NMR data. Finally, we will create a dynamic model of DC-SIGN tetramer by fitting to SAXS envelope and interpret multivalent binding types. The proposed project is novel and multidisciplinary. The applicant will acquire training in advanced experimental and computational techniques, which will re-enforce his career prospects in research and teaching. Conversely, he will transfer his knowledge of QM calculations to the host and partner institutions. This unique complementarity of competences will bring fundamental and practical understanding of lectin-ligand binding which will advance glycoscience research and industry. Future design of new patentable glycomimetics will impact Europe’s economy and society.

Mots clés : carbohydrate, saccharide, lectin, calcium, multivalent, affinity, binding, pathogen, infection, immunity

Participants :
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 185076.0 €