Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet SmartMass (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Mathematics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This research project will develop novel tools to investigate the interactions between individuals and the behavioral and cognitive mechanisms that promote the emergence of collective intelligence in humans, by integrating methods from biology, physics, economics and social sciences. Economics and biology, two disciplines that study the behavior of living beings, have followed distinct routes to analyze the behavior of human groups. While macroeconomic models rely on complex individual behavior and study static equilibria and steady states, biologists tend to focus on simple individual behaviors to study population heterogeneities and complex group dynamics. Simultaneously, physicists have developed a powerful set of methods and mathematical models to study the dynamics of particle systems and are very recently being combined with behavioral heuristics borrowed from cognitive science. Merging experimental and theoretical work, we will investigate the mechanisms by which the processing of information between individuals lead to collective decisions, and the specific situations where individual behaviors and choices are affected by the group. We will design and execute specific experiments to study how human groups select alternative solutions to solve specific problems, where anticipation about future actions/events will be formulated under different conditions of information. The resulting mathematical models based on the experimental data, including behavioral and cognitive processes at the individual scale, will give access to the type of information needed by the group to become more efficient in solving a given problem. These models will be analytically and numerically studied by means of classical and novel tools of statistical physics, complex networks and game theory. The present project thus aims to combine insights and methods from diverse disciplines to deliver novel hybrid models to study the emergence of collective intelligence in social human systems.

Mots clés : collective behavior, decision making, human cognition, mathematical modeling, experiments, complex systems, numerical simulations, pdes, statistical physics, game theory, networks

Participants :
- Université de Toulouse (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 138807.0 €
Projet cRISys (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This research project will investigate from an empirical, theoretical and normative perspective the impact of financial crisis on innovation systems, and in particular knowledge networks and technology clusters, and by extension, on technological trajectories, industrial dynamics and economic growth of afflicted EU economies. It will also explore the latent link between technological dynamics and business cycles, and examine to what extent a strategic mix of RTDI, industrial and regional policies can address structural causes of crises and foment techno-economic development by building the capacities of innovation systems and bridging the technology gap. The project will apply econometric modelling, network analysis, and computational simulations at various geographical scales, from NUTS-3 regions to the EU as a whole, focusing on three Southern European countries (Spain, Portugal and Greece). At the theoretical level, it aspires to bridge the gap between neo-Schumpeterian technological dynamics and post-Keynesian macroeconomics with endogenous fluctuations, and to build an agent-based model of an innovation system for policy simulation. This is expected to shed light on the latent link between business cycles and technology gaps, to gauge the technological impact of financial crises, and to assess alternative policy responses under different institutional settings. The project is highly topical in the context of post-crisis EU policy discourse on the future of ERA, the Innovation Union initiative and Europe 2020 growth strategy, and it can advance the design of ‘knowledge governance’ policy instruments for crisis-hit EU periphery, thus having a positive societal impact. It is also designed to boost the researcher’s academic career restart, to consolidate his expertise in the field of innovation and technology economics, and to enrich his research skills by providing advanced training and opportunities for international research collaborations and dissemination.

Mots clés : innovation systems, financial crises, business cycles, technological development, industrial policy, evolutionary economics, post keynesian macroeconomics, agent based modelling

Participants :
- University of Barcelona (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 158121.6 €
Projet PISA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This research project will provide a detailed account of the development and functioning of the Soviet institutions of civilian control over the military: the parallel hierarchy of political officers of the Political Directorate of the Red Army and the Communist Party organisations operating in the Soviet Armed Forces. Drawing on the interdisciplinary social science field of Civil Military Relations (CMR) it will investigate the nature of the relationship between party organisation, regular and political officers and provide an assessment of the impact of this arrangement on relations between officers and enlisted men and women as well as combat readiness and effectiveness during the Russian Civil War and the early stages of the Second World War. It will further offer an evaluation of this system as a means of civilian control over the military within the specific context of the Soviet state-building project in the interwar period. The origins of the Red Army as a paramilitary sub-state actor will be placed at the centre of the analysis. This project will thus contribute to multiple literatures, including the history of Stalinism and the history of military politics in interwar Europe, as well as the social science CMR literature. This research action will be pursued at the interdisciplinary Centre for War Studies of University College Dublin under the supervision of Professor Robert Gerwarth. Training objectives to be pursued during this project include familiarisation with the social science field of CMR as well as the development of the skills necessary to reach a position of professional maturity as a world-class researcher. The hosting institution will provide training in effective publication and collaboration strategies as well as mentorship and supervision of students. As the hosting institution is located in a different country to the one where the researcher is currently based, this project will also offer significant networking opportunities

Mots clés : stalinism, civil military relations, ussr, interwar europe, russian civil war, wwii

Participants :
- National University of Ireland (Irlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 175866.0 €
Projet APCINTERACTIONS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This research proposal describes an ambitious effort to characterize structurally and biochemically ubiquitin chain initiation and elongation by the anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) in complex with two well-characterized substrates. The APC/C is a multi-subunit cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls progression through the cell cycle by a temporal regulation of its activity and substrate specificity. Regulation and specificity of this E3 ligase is achieved through mutually exclusive binding of two structurally related co-activator subunits termed Cdc20 and Cdh1, as well as through APC/C inhibitors, varying substrate affinities and auto-ubiquitylation of its cognate E2s, namely UbcH10 and Ube2S. In order to understand ubiquitin chain initiation and elongation of the two well-known APC/C substrates cyclin B and securin, I am aiming to use a combined approach of cryo-electron microscopy, X-ray crystallography and a variety of biochemical methods. Within this project I will use cryo-electron microscopy studies to uncover the molecular mechanisms of substrate recognition and ubiquitin chain initiation and elongation by analyzing the APC/CCdh1 co-activator complex bound to its transiently associated E2 enzymes Ube2S or UbcH10 and one of the aforementioned high affinity substrates. Crystallization of selected sub-complexes, namely the catalytic core of the APC/C (composed of Apc2 and Apc11) is intended. If obtained, this high-resolution information will then assist the interpretation of the resulting density maps derived from cryo-electron microscopy.

Mots clés : ube2s, ubch10, securin, cyclin b, interactions, cryo em, x ray chrystallography, structural biology

Participants :
- UK Research and Innovation (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Organismes publics (hors enseignement & recherche), subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet INNOVCITIES (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This research will address the problem of the currently insufficient level of institutional innovation in water governance systems in the context of climate change. Climate change creates urgent need for adaptive water governance that can anticipate and respond to increasing pressures on water systems within human society. Cities are a key locus of attention. Institutional innovation is needed (e.g. policy change, new organisational setups, new inter-organisational arrangements). However, knowledge of the types of institutional innovation required and the mechanisms (e.g. political, institutional) by which it emerges is lacking. Therefore I will address the question: What types of institutional innovation are required for adapting to climate change in water governance within cities, and how can we better understand why and how they emerge? This will involve: (1) global assessment of institutional innovation in water governance in 30 cities across 6 continents to identify broad patterns and best practices across the world; (2) comparative case study analysis of 3 ‘innovative’ cities across 3 continents in contrasting global contexts to attain deeper understanding of dynamics underpinning innovation; and (3) dissemination of results and policy recommendations to enable innovation in cities in Europe and globally. By addressing this urgent research and policy problem, the MCSA fellowship will enable me to develop new expertise, academic and policy networks, and research profile that will position me as a leading emerging scholar in the field of water governance and climate change adaptation. The research will contribute to the knowledge based economy of Europe by providing critical new academic and policy insights to safeguard against water-related vulnerabilities in cities under climate change, and contribute to addressing two of the European Commission’s ‘Grand Challenges’ (i.e. climate action; and innovative and reflective societies).

Mots clés : water governance, environmental governance, institutions, innovation, global change, climate change, environmental policy, comparative analysis, case studies

Participants :
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 165598.8 €
Projet ULPA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This research will compare and evaluate User-Led Personal Assistance (ULPA) schemes for disabled people across the European Union. ULPA schemes will be approached from the perspective of the Independent Living philosophy and the social model of disability in order to evaluate their potential to equalise disabled peoples participation in social life. The research will be hosted by the European Network on Independent Living, a leading advocate for ULPA in Europe. Through its membership network, the organisation will enable the researcher to seek advice and feedback from disabled people’s organisations, thus facilitating a participatory approach to research. The main outcomes will be a bespoke framework for normative evaluation of ULPA and a collection of best practices in ULPA in the European Union. These outcomes will benefit disabled people, their organisations, practitioners and policy makers working on European disability policy. Overall, the research will contribute to processes of European integration towards the building of barrier-free Europe for all.

Mots clés : disability policy, disability studies, personal assistance, independent living, social model of disability

Participants :
- European network on independent living brussels office (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Autres, subvention : 140994.0 €
Projet ION (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This two-year research project aims to analyse the simultaneous diffusion of multiple pieces of information on (social) networks; how messages may interact, how rumours diffuse in the presence of truthful information and verification, and how network structure interacts with the virality of information. Misinformation can have severe consequences, such as the debunked myth of a link between vaccinations and autism or AIDS denialism. Political examples also abound. The rise in communication through online networks is often quoted as contributing to an increased spread of rumours and misinformation. Yet, in truth the state of the art has little to say about how alternative pieces of information interact on networks, and even less why rumours might be propagated without prior verification. This project aims to build rigorous economic models which can shed light on the processes and decisions involved, thus addressing the tangible threat that the spread of misinformation poses to society. I am an experienced researcher and have worked for various years in the area of information diffusion on networks, providing me with excellent insights and methodological tools to work on this project under the supervision of Professor Sergio Currarini, a leading expert in network theory. My stay at Ca’Foscari University of Venice will allow me to establish new (international) collaborations and additional training, particularly regarding interdisciplinary tools to bring to the economic study of (mis)information diffusion. Together the training, network, and publications inherent in the development of this project will have an extremely positive impact on my career, including increased possibilities to apply for future funding calls by the EU. By forming the basis of a long-run research agenda focusing on online information diffusion the project will contribute to the EU’s Digital Market Strategy and to its international reputation as a world leading research destination.

Mots clés : network theory, information diffusion, rumours, virality

Participants :
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 180277.2 €
Projet ACE_GFAT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This work focuses in establishing a collaboration between NASA and the Atmospheric Physics Group of the University of Granada (GFAT) in the framework of the upcoming Aerosol-Cloud-Ecosystems (ACE) mission. Such collaboration will create a good environment for the progress in the atmospheric sciences and advance our knowledge of the Earth-Atmosphere radiative system. The research activity focuses on performing lidar ACE simulations studies that includes defining the optimum capabilities of such system in order to obtain aerosol microphysical properties under the accuracy and errors claimed in ACE white paper. The techniques to be used are regularization and Linear Estimation (LE), and special emphasis will be paid to the retrieval of coarse particles predominance. In this context GFAT offers a unique environment thanks to the possibility of evaluating these techniques by MW ground-based lidar and to its large set of in-situ and radiometric instrumentation. The advances in LE will be used to perform high temporal-resolution of fine and coarse mode of columnar aerosol properties using measurements of aerosol optical depth (AOD) by AERONET sun-photometers. This will be done combined with the Spectral Deconvolution Algorithm (SDA+). Finally, as GFAT operates one of the few star-photometers in the world, we will evaluate the potentiality of improving lidar retrievals using AOD from star-photometry. In this context, a secondment with the Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics at the University of Lille (LOA) is planned to extend night-time retrievals of the GARRLiC algorithm, and thus obtain vertical profiles of particle volume through an easy deployment of backscatter elastic lidar and star-photometry.

Mots clés : simulations of lidar signals for the system to be deployed at ace, evaluation of retrieval techniques for aerosol microphysics  aeronet and lidar

Participants :
- University of Granada (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 158121.6 €
Projet INTEREST (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This work will further strengthen R&D skills of the applicant, especially considering the development of efficient sorption heat pump systems, extend his technical and nontechnical network, increase his knowledge regarding market demands and strategies and provide new career perspectives. The project aims at accelerating development and application of hybrid resorption heat pump for more energy efficient use of heat. A recast of European Performance of Buildings Directive indicated that higher energy efficiency is required for heating and cooling in building and industrial sector. Heat pumps can provide such efficient use, among which sorption heat pump could be a promising candidate. Due to various sorption working pairs, the heat with a wide temperature range could be recovered which almost saves 50% energy through desorption and sorption process compared to direct heating systems. So far, this technology has not been commercially realized in large-scale application or served as an auxiliary application. The project objectives are elaborated as follows: 1. Screen potential thermo-chemical sorbents with higher energy density through comprehensive review, develop and test the promising composite materials. 2. Develop a transient model for hybrid resorption heat pumps. 3. Design, construct and test a pair of resorption reactors that can operate over 1000+ cycles without noticeable loss of reactivity, and to be integrated with compressor for completing resorption system. 4. Conduct techno-economic analysis of hybrid heat pump for real industrial application. This proposal combines the applicant’s expertise concerning heat/mass transfer and reaction kinetics of sorbents with thermal engineering skills & experience of Dr. Carlos Infante Ferreira at TUDelft to achieve the high energy efficient sorption heat pump. These synergies will deliver a successful project as measured by well-defined deliverables, both in terms of hardware development and disseminated knowledge.

Mots clés : adsorption, hybrid technology, heat pump, heat and mass transfer, adsorption kinetics

Participants :
- Delft University of Technology (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 187572.48 €
Projet SafePack (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Thousands of chemicals contained in food packaging may potentially migrate into foods and result in consumer exposure. There is an increasing alarm about their potential toxicological effects since most of them lack data, while others (e.g. bisphenol A) have created significant debate because of their documented endocrine properties. This project, SafePack, aims to offer a publicly usable in silico strategy to establish rapidly and cost-efficiently the level of safety concern of packaging chemicals without animal toxicity testing. There has been already initiatives to screen packaging chemicals using in silico toxicology, but all of them use qualitative approaches, mainly mutagenicity predictions, suitable for hazard identification. However they do not provide information about hazard characterization (how much is needed for triggering a toxic effect) and even less about health risks. In toxicology, "the dose makes the poisons" and it is very important to address safety concern by balancing predicted toxicological alert with potential exposure as done in standard risk assessment. The SafePack project aims at a) fill the toxicological data gaps of large sets of packaging chemicals using computational tools to predict toxicities, b) compare predicted toxicological values with exposure to obtain Margins of Exposure (MoE), a powerful method to establish level of safety concern, c) implement the overall workflow in freely available VEGA platform to make it ready for free utilization. Thousands packaging chemicals will be compiled. A number of toxicity endpoints relevant for risk assessment will be sequentially screened using available in silico predictive models: mutagenicity, carcinogenic potency and chronic toxicity; also, endocrine activity and developmental toxicity will be covered. The quantitative predicted values will be compared to exposure estimates providing MoEs, the size of which determines the level of safety concern.

Mots clés : in silico models, food packaging, exposure, mutagenicity, endocrine disruption, developmental toxicity, carcinogenicity potency, chronic toxicity, safety assessment, qsar, read across

Participants :
- Nestlé (Switzerland) (Suisse) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 175419.6 €