Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet TREPISTEME (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Understanding the notions of truth and knowledge has been at the root of the philosophical enterprise since the very beginning. It turns out that these notions are intimately related and that understanding truth requires understanding knowledge and vice versa. Constitutive questions concerning these notions, such as “Are there truths that cannot be known?” can only be understood, let alone answered, if we have a grasp of both notions. Epistemology, conceived as the study of human knowledge, should therefore simultaneously investigate the notion of truth. Surprisingly, very little research has been conducted from this perspective. Rather research on truth and research on knowledge has been mostly conducted independently. This project will approach the traditional epistemological question of the definition of knowledge from this integrated perspective, and attempt to bridge a gap between current research in epistemology and research on theories of truth. Formal tools and techniques have played an important role in the development of philosophy in the last century. More recently, there has been something like a renaissance of the use of formal methods in philosophy, and in particular in epistemology, with the rise of so-called formal epistemology. The project may be viewed as a contribution to this renaissance since it will make essential use of tools from philosophical and mathematical logic. The ultimate aim of the project is to provide a formal framework for truth and epistemic, or doxastic, notions such as knowledge and belief that is philosophically adequate from an epistemic and a truth theoretic point of view. A unifying framework for the notions of truth and knowledge will prove to be a powerful tool for philosophy, casting new light on several debates in epistemology. The project will therefore deepen and advance our understanding of two of the most central philosophical notions: truth and knowledge.

Mots clés : analysis of knowledge, formal theories of truth, modal conditions, kripke d theory of truth

Participants :
- University of Bristol (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet ExHolo (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Understanding the properties of extreme phases of nuclear matter is one of the major challenges in theoretical physics today. Matter at high temperatures dominated the first microsecond of the early universe and is nowadays produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions in the form of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). Systematic experimental studies at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) support the picture of the QGP as an almost perfect fluid but the mechanism for its fast emergence from collisions of hadronic matter remains a puzzle to this day. Another surprising observation was the liquid-like behavior of small systems emerging from proton-proton or proton-lead collisions and the absence of jet quenching which is considered to be a crucial probe characterizing the strongly-coupled QGP. In this proposal I aim at finding a dynamical picture of the thermalisation of out-of-equilibrium matter into hydrodynamic fields by making use of a powerful new framework for studying strongly-coupled dynamical systems: the gauge/gravity duality. It allows to map the strongly-coupled gauge theory dynamics of colliding ions to the collision of gravitational shockwaves which is amenable to numerical general relativity. This offers a unique real-time approach to study the dynamics of hot matter out-of-equilibrium, which I will exploit to tackle two essential problems: i) out-of-equilibrium emergence of collectivity and the fast thermalization of the QGP; ii) system-size dependence of the momentum broadening by jets; This project is inter-disciplinary as it involves applying numerical gravity via holography to the physics of matter at extreme conditions, using the most advanced High-Performance-Computing techniques which I am an expert in. The understanding of the thermalisation scale, of jet quenching and the description of pre-flow, is essential for a determination of the QGP properties of heavy-ion collisions.

Mots clés : gauge, gravity duality, holography, thermalization, out of equilibrium qcd, heavy ion collisions

Participants :
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (Suisse) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 191149.44 €
Projet INSANE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Understanding the tempo and mode of species diversification and concomitant ecological divergence has been a long-sought goal in evolutionary biology. As clades diversify, disparity in niches typically increases when new lineages colonize previously unfilled zones of niche space. Despite its critical importance in understanding life’s evolution, the universality of an interdependence between species diversification and niche evolution, as well as the directionality and drivers of this association, are still poorly understood. This is presumably attributable to the inherent computational and mathematical challenges to develop process-generating models that would couple diversification and niche evolutionary dynamics and the limited availability of extensive and comparable datasets to characterize niches over large radiations integrating neontological and paleontological data. In this project, I will first develop much-needed novel flexible models that allow joint inference on coupled diversification and trait evolution dynamics by allowing joint rate-heterogeneity for radiations of considerable size. Subsequently, I will enhance biological realism by expanding to multivariate evolution of traits, better characterizing the niche concept, and by integrating paleontological data. Finally, I will allow inference on biotic and abiotic drivers of the interrelationship of species and niche diversification. These models will enable examining hitherto untestable classic evolutionary hypotheses in a formal framework on the feedback between diversification and niche evolution, at the intersection of ecology and evolutionary biology. By applying these models to big scale curated datasets of species-level niches and recently available phylogenetic trees for thousands of species and the ability to integrate fossil information, I will substantially increase our understanding on how biodiversity, both in terms of richness and niches, is generated.

Mots clés : evolutionary biology, diversification, phylogenetic comparative methods, bayesian statistics

Participants :
- École normale supérieure PSL (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 184707.84 €
Projet ENDOCAM (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Unlike mesenchymal migration, the amoeboid motility doesn’t require proteases and is an opportunistic movement of cancer cells which allows cells to glide through, rather than degrade, ECM barriers, using movements based on adaptations of the cell body. Preliminary experiments we conducted using a mixture of physiologic inhibitors of serine-proteases, metallo-proteases and cysteine-proteases, thus mimicking a physiological environment, showed no differences in vessel formation for both Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) and mature Endothelial Cells (ECs) under mesenchymal or amoeboid conditions. Thus, we hypothesized the existence of an “amoeboid angiogenesis”. We also hypothesized that the failure of cancer treatment using synthetic metalloproteinase inhibitors (MPIs) could be ascribed to the ability of cancer and ECs to skip the attack of the MPI therapy by allowing cancer invasion and blood vessel formation using the “amoeboid” strategy. Even the VEGFA targeting partially disregarded the expectations because of the resistance onset followed by the progression of the disease. Our preliminary experiments showed also an “indifference” of ECs and EPCs to VEGF stimulation under amoeboid conditions. Therefore, the aim of this project is to identify the multiple mechanisms shared by cancer cells and ECs/EPCs in the regulation of amoeboid movement, to identify common therapeutic strategies impairing vascular growth and cancer cell invasion at the same time, overcoming resistance to anti-VEGF and anti-protease therapy. The molecules identified (ephrin, protease receptors, etc.) will be used as candidates for targeted therapy through the delivery of cargo liposomes containing inhibitors of the connection of such molecules with the cortical actin cytoskeleton, in pre-clinical experiments with the perspective of a possible application to humans. We expect that this approach will give a progress in the treatment of tumors thus improving outcomes for cancer patients.

Mots clés : angiogenesis, amoeboid movement, endothelial cells, endothelial progenitor cells  epc, breast cancer, prostate cancer, acid sensitive liposomes, inhibiting peptides, sirna, mirna

Participants :
- University of California System (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of Florence (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 244269.0 €
Projet PoS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Unplanned emergency admissions absorb a large share of the resources allocated to the Health System and are growing at a fast rate in many European countries. The drivers of this growth go beyond demographic factors and have not been properly investigated until recently due to the lack of rich longitudinal datasets following a large population of patients for many years and a gap in the transfer of knowledge between Economics and Public Health disciplines. My ambition is to fill this gap in the knowledge by applying state-of-the-art econometric models to an exceptionally comprehensive and longitudinal dataset on the population of Danish patients, thus offering a unique opportunity to inform new policies on the appropriate tools to manage the growing demand for emergency care and the financial sustainability of the Health System, and policies aiming at reducing hospital readmissions. Access to new data, knowledge and training at the Danish Centre for Health Economics in SDU will allow me to greatly advance and expand my stream of research and will have a remarkable impact on my career development. The proposed research will address the following questions: 1. What is the long-term impact of improving patients' survival on subsequent use and costs of care? 2. To what extent can primary care reduce the use of secondary care following “the survival effect”? 3. To what extent can higher integration of care between acute and post-acute services reduce the use of secondary care following the survival effect? 4. Is the impact of the survival effect different according to patient’s socioeconomic characteristics? I will identify the profile of patients who are more likely to use care after surviving an acute event, and those who are more likely to benefit from primary care and integration of care interventions.

Mots clés : costs of care, quality of care, hospital emergency admissions, hospital mortality rates, hospital readmission rates

Participants :
- University of Southern Denmark (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 219312.0 €
Projet Sim4DFlow (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) is a severe, relatively common cerebrovascular disorder in the general population. Although such aneurysms are mostly asymptomatic and may not burst, a considerable number of UIA patients remain on a high risk of aneurysm rupture, a serious life-threatening condition. Thus, is crucial to decide the timing and type (clipping, coils, and/or stent, flow diverter) of surgical intervention. However, the optimal management strategy of UIA is still open to clinical debate, with recommendations for elective repair after diagnosis based primarily on the aneurysm size and location. While cardiovascular flow imaging has strong potential to provide the required information for surgical decision-making, currently, flow imaging and assessment is not sufficient to reliably predict rupture and quantitatively assess the risk of haemorrhage. By identifying factors contributing to UIA rupture and by incorporating advanced computational techniques, i.e. 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), machine learning (ML) algorithms, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models, this project will technologically advance quantification of rupture risk assessment on an UIA patient-specific basis. This project, Sim4DFlow, core technological aim is to develop a novel simulation-based imaging framework that can integrate the advanced computational techniques of 4D flow MRI, ML, and CFD. Subsequently, Sim4DFlow will test and validate the framework prognostic capacity in the laboratory setting against relevant data of UIA patients.

Mots clés : intracranial aneurysm, medical imaging, 4d flow mri, computational mechanics, fluid dynamics simulation, imaged based modeling, risk prediction, machine learning, prognosis

Participants :
- University of Cyprus (Chypre) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 157941.12 €
Projet VRAASP (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Unusual acoustic signatures of ancient or historical spaces, such as the West Kennet Long Barrow in England; caves in northern Spain containing prehistoric art; or Sculptor's Cave in Scotland, have captured the public imagination for centuries. Attentive listeners often hear or feel a presence or resonance within such acoustic spaces, sometimes described as an otherness, a shimmer or glow, or an audio-visual aesthetic experience of the space. There is evidence that this sense of presence is brought on by the perceptual conflation of where and what streams of information in the brain. Other acoustic incongruities (such as infrasound) play a role in the experience of spaces and the acoustic experience of presence contributes to the phenomenology of historical and archaeological sites. The perception of presence is especially common in historically sacred locations (and shimmer is a characteristic descriptor of the spiritual realm), and thus acoustic analysis of the phenomenology of presence provides insight into the source of this experience. Acousticians, composers, and acoustic archaeologists have studied acoustic phenomena, and archaeologists have compiled 3D models of archaeological sites for cultural preservation and exhibition purposes. The ER will use these technologies to engage in creative practice-led research on the phenomenology and acoustic archaeology of space. This research will contribute new knowledge on the phenomenology and psychoacoustics of archaeological spaces, and will also improve virtual archaeological spaces by imbuing them with their original sense of presence. Through this project the ER will develop skills in 3D visual and acoustical modelling, VR simulation, numeracy, data analysis, sound reinforcement, publication preparation, presentation, and dissemination. Throughout the fellowship, the ER will undertake field work at 5 archaeological sites, publish 1 paper and 1 studio report, present at 2 conferences, and organise a performance.

Mots clés : archaeoacoustics, music archaeology, interactivity, music technology, acoustics

Participants :
- University of Huddersfield (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet PROTEAN (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Urban and peri-urban agriculture (UA) has emerged as a more sustainable alternative to produce food. UA has several types of emerging systems (ES) that are exponentially growing from an experimental to an industrial scale of development. UA-ES include vertical farming, integrated greenhouse rooftops in buildings, local woodsheds, etc. UA-ES are expected to reach mature levels of development in the mid to long-term future and are being designed to recirculate and minimise the use of resources (e.g. nutrients, water, substrates and CO2) for production of low carbon intensity food in cities, among other benefits. Therefore, it is expected that UA-ES will provide more sustainable food production compared to rural, more-traditional agriculture systems in terms of energy and water use as well as benefits for air quality and biodiversity in cities. Understanding and quantifying the effective contribution that UA-ES will make to the environmental sustainability of cities requires the ability to both evaluate UA-ES environmental impacts in the future and to compare them to the impacts of traditional agriculture in the same future context. The project PROspecTive Environmental AssessmeNt of Urban Agriculture-Emerging Systems (PROTEAN) will focus on developing temporally-explicit environmental impact assessment models for both UA-ES and traditional agriculture to determine the extent to which UA-ES may contribute to the sustainability of future food production. These ex-ante, temporally-explicit environmental impact assessments will also help to flag influenceable system parameters that can make UA-ES more environmentally sustainable in the future. Thus, future undesired environmental impacts, costs, and effects may be more easily avoided for UA-ES than for mature agriculture systems. Providing assertive guidance on how to improve UA-ES depends on our current capacity to understand the key leavers of change that may drive the future impacts of these systems.

Mots clés : urban agriculture, emerging systems, prospective life cycle assessment

Participants :
- Autonomous University of Barcelona (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 172932.48 €
Projet INF NIGHT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Urban poor and marginalised communities have suffered the impact of austerity policies, structural re-adjustment and increased precariousness since the 2008 financial crash; a problematic situation aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic (ILO, 2020). Irregular, low-income employment have become daily survival strategies for many ordinary people. In this sense, transnational un-regulated migrants, and more generally racialised bodies, are the most vulnerable actors suffering in Southern European cities from informality and the application of national migration laws, surveillance and securitisation measures and local policies based on 'zero tolerance' models. Interestingly, the night has become to many of them a space-time to escape or transgress surveillance: taking advantage of under-regulated local spaces, many (racialised) precarious actors - such as street informal vendors, sex workers and petty dealers - spend their nights avoiding police patrols in order to work, play, move or rest. However, the demonisation of this (Informal) Nocturnal City through moral panics reproduced in media and public discourse is used to justify spatial displacement of undesirable (precarious) actors from central areas in post-industrial Southern European cities and their exclusion from policy-making. The proposed training programme will enhance debates in both the academic and urban policy and planning literatures concerning the informal night, through a transnational, policy-oriented study undertaken in Lisbon, Madrid and Rome. Through a novel combination of conceptual frameworks based on three fundamental pillars (informality, nocturnal life and urban security), and articulating these three with debates on urban governance, I aim to address the ways in which informal practices conducted during night are imagined, negotiated and (re)produced and how these fundamentally affect urban change in post-industrial Southern European cities.

Mots clés : urban, informality, security, night, southern europe, migration, work, trade unions, visual ethnography

Participants :
- University of Sheffield (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 224933.76 €
- De Montfort University (Royaume-Uni) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet SUFFICCS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Urbanisation is a global trend poised to continue throughout the twenty-first century. Levels of urbanisation and various aspects of urban form (including density, land-use diversity, street connectivity, and access to public transit and jobs) have been demonstrated in many empirical studies and theoretical models to be important determinants of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions from buildings and transport. However, urban dimensions are absent from models projecting global energy and emissions by country and sector. This omission underrepresents the significant connection between urban dynamics and future emission trajectories, and hinders identification of integrated planning strategies for maximum emission reductions. The main objective of SUFFICCS is to develop and demonstrate a framework for integrated modelling of service levels (m2 floorspace, passenger-km), energy demand, and emissions from urban buildings and transport systems. This modelling framework will be developed using data from urban regions of European countries, and designed for integration with a global dynamic material flow analysis model. Emissions from producing new buildings, infrastructure, and transport equipment will be included, enabling a comprehensive assessment of climate change impacts and mitigation potential of future urbanisation. The incorporation of urban dynamics into energy and climate models, and the linking of transport and buildings sectors through joint dependencies on urban form will represent major advancements in modelling capabilities. These advancements will facilitate assessment of urban and national emission trajectories under various scenarios of urban form, with unprecedented integration of buildings and transport sectors. The aims of SUFFICCS resonate with targets of the EU Green Deal relating to cities, buildings and transport, and the outputs will aid planners and policymakers to identify integrated strategies which maximise climate change mitigation.

Mots clés : material flow analysis, demand side mitigation of climate change

Participants :
- Technische Universität Berlin (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 174806.4 €