Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet WOMENEXREL (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Women are often thought to be more religious then men. At the same time, a number of women disaffiliate from their religious tradition and/or community. This research explores the lived realities of women from Jewish, Christian and Islamic religious backgrounds in the UK and the Netherlands, who self-identify as having left religion. It is expected that different former faiths, the community one belongs/belonged to, and aspects such as age, education and sexuality all inform women’s experiences of leaving religion. This project will contextualise these women’s trajectories in relation to the different religious and secular dynamics and circumstantial differences of the UK and the Netherlands. Using a new and innovative life history approach , the project contributes to the study of non-religion and leaving religion, the interdisciplinary study of religion and gender, and the empirical comparative study of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Bringing women of different religious backgrounds (Judaism, Christianity and Islam) together in the same research will lead to new and original insights into the dynamics of current Western European secularising and diversifying societies. This research will investigate: a) how and why women leave their Jewish, Christian or Islamic faith and/or community; b) how aspects such as gender, generation, education, sexuality and race/ethnicity contribute to women’s experience of leaving religion; c) and their post-exit relations with family and community. This project combines a life history approach with participant observation at events organised by and for formerly religiously observant individuals, as well as interviews with organisers, activists and therapists dealing with formerly observant women. The results will be used to theoretically rethink the connections between (non-)religion, leaving religion, gender and race/ethnicity.

Mots clés : women, non religion, leaving religion, life history, the united kingdom, the netherlands, judaism, christianity, islam, comparative analysis

Participants :
- Coventry University (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 224933.76 €
Projet PresWoodenHeritage (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Wooden Heritage has been recognized today as an object of growing interest in scientific research even on international scale, not only from the architectural point of view but also from theoretical approaches. Over the times many technological systems concerning timber have evolved, refined and defined in the use of mixed solutions. Wooden Architecture represents one of the oldest building systems adopted by the majority of people who developed construction techniques respecting the local traditions. Today this vast and unique wooden heritage needs urgently survey and cataloguing. Fires and abandonment are the main factors jeopardizing the preservation of this architecture; every year too many wooden buildings still disappear because of this negligence. This important challenge has the purpose to obtain new technical methods, procedures and protocols that don’t exist yet, fundamental for technicians and operators. The research project wants to address a new scientific approach on wooden buildings. This is aimed for practical interventions for with respect to the scientific and epistemic foundations, by improving 3D laser scanner survey and photo-modelling activities through post production phases with parameterization of the point cloud to create 3D digital models queried and enriched by informative content and increase BIM (Building Information Modeling) knowledge. The main and most important contribution of this project is the accomplishment of scientific, technical and operational systems and tools for the documentation of wooden structures. During the process of analysis different experts belonging from the best host companies chosen, will guide, check and develop jointly with the applicant all the methods, procedures and theoretical background for achieving the best results in a successful project. In this way the triangle Research-Theory-Practice will offer new insights to timber architecture, to the preservation and maintenance of the wooden heritage.

Mots clés : laser scanner, wooden architecture, cultural heritage, digital models, bim systems, timber structures, block bau, survey, operative protocols

Participants :
- University of Oulu (Finlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 179325.6 €
Projet Repro_organoid (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Work over the last decade has shown that the genetic programs underlying cell identity are still plastic in terminally differentiated cells. Direct lineage reprogramming takes advantage of this plasticity to induce cell fate conversions from one cell type into another. This is achieved by forced expression of specific fate determinants, usually transcription factors that regulate cell fate during development. This proposal will allow me to address the fundamental biological question whether human glia can be reprogrammed within a human tissue setting, and if so, whether this depends on their state of maturation. I propose to study the possibility of converting human glia into induced neurons within an in vivo-like tissue context. Towards this I will employ cutting-edge techniques such as generation of cerebral organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and genome-editing techniques to allow for inducible expression of reprogramming factors in human glia at different maturation stages within the cerebral organoids. In order to perform the hiPSCs genome-editing I will use CRISPR/Cas9 technology which will permit me to obtain stable, cell-type specific and inducible hiPSC lines. This novel and valuable genome editing strategy will facilitate the use of different reprogramming factors sets in order to optimize the reprogramming of glial cells into functional neurons. This study may pave the way for translating direct lineage reprogramming into new strategies for brain repair.

Mots clés : direct lineage reprogramming, human astrocytes, hips cells, crispr, cas9, cerebral organoids

Participants :
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 171460.8 €
Projet RootsofWorkingMemory (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Working memory is a central component of complex human cognitive abilities such as learning, language comprehension, planning, reasoning, and cognitive control (Engle, 1999; Unsworth & Robison, 2014). It allows for a limited amount of information to be kept available for processing in the absence of sustained sensory input, and the proficiency with which individuals do so is positively correlated with individual differences in scores of fluid intelligence (Baddeley & Hitch, 1974; McElree, 2006; Smith, Jonides, & Koeppe, 1996; Unsworth & Engle, 2007). Although working memory has been identified as central to human intelligent behavior (Cole & Braver, 2012; Engle, 1999), little is known about its evolutionary origins and our understanding of how it operates in nonhuman primates is only beginning to emerge (Carruthers, 2013). Thus, comparative studies of working memory are needed to determine what similarities and differences exist in working memory between humans and non-human primates. Indentifying such similarities and differences will elucidate what evolutionary factors such as the development of language, or increased frontal lobe capacity, may have been critical for the development of working memory in humans, and help us understand the origins human-like intelligence more broadly.


Participants :
- University of St Andrews (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet GLOTRAINS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

World development is at a critical turning point. Globalisation has become ever more impactful. At the same time, we see a new long term industrial development cycle (or techno-economic paradigm; TEP) coming into full swing that builds on Information and Communications Technology (ICT) while societies all over the world have to cope with sustainability challenges. These changes lead to a situation where industrial leadership may rapidly shift from one country to another. Europe 2020 reckoned these challenges under its Flagship Initiatives, in particular “An industrial policy for the globalisation era’’. Drawing on scholarship from the field of Innovation Studies, GLOTRAINS aims to make major contributions to the emerging global innovation system frameworks, combining literatures on industrial catch-up cycles and shifts in global leadership. More specifically, the project aims at further elaborating the Innovation System framework to encompass a globalised and dynamic perspective, while asking whether and how national industrial policy can still play a decisive role. Empirically, this project focuses on both long and short cycle sectors to reflect the two main propositions of the TEP hypothesis, i.e. the sustainability-driven clean-tech sector and the ICT sector. Both involve different types of catch-up mechanisms. Fieldwork cases are organised along a gradient of development stages represented by the countries of Germany, China/Taiwan and Malaysia. The selection of these countries provides an excellent base to examine global catch-up cycles and industrial leadership shifts. The researcher has experience in both transition and catch-up studies, with fieldwork experience in both long and short cycle sectors in China, Taiwan and Malaysia.

Mots clés : industrial competitiveness, globalisation, emerging economies, industrial leadership, catch up cycles, leapfrogging, sustainability transitions, science, technology and innovation policy

Participants :
- Utrecht University (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 165598.8 €
Projet PERSONALISED (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Worldwide, cerebrovascular accidents (stroke) are the second leading cause of death, and almost everyone will suffer neurological symptoms at some point in life. In Europe, stroke affects ~2 million people every year, a number that is dramatically increasing due to COVID-19 ramifications. Clinical presentation and neuroimaging can help confirm a stroke diagnosis, but both are limited in predicting recovery. The prediction is particularly challenging when a patient suffers from a stroke in one half of the brain (hemisphere) and recovers using the other hemisphere. Neurosciences have long been working under the assumption that each hemisphere is dominant for a different set of functions. For example, language is considered dominant in the left hemisphere, while visuospatial functions are dominant in the right hemisphere. However, this simple vision is challenged by stroke data. I propose to revisit the three guiding theories that explain how the hemispheres interact using recent developments in neuroimaging. The two hemispheres of the brain can either work 1) independently, 2) in competition or 3) in collaboration. It is now possible to test the three mechanisms using advanced neuroimaging and computational modelling and draw meaningful conclusions for precision medicine that will improve our ability to predict and aid recovery after stroke. In PERSONALISED, I anticipate that brain lateralisation mechanisms are dynamic, not the same for all people or across cognitive functions and may lead to different trajectories of recovery after stroke. Overall, PERSONALISED will decipher the mechanisms of brain lateralisation at the individual level, demonstrate the added value of advanced neuroimaging for the clinic and open a new avenue for research on the dynamic aspect of brain lateralisation.

Mots clés : stroke, anatomy, asymmetry, lateralisation, brain, connectivity, neurology, tractography, diffusion imaging, cognition, personalised medicine, recovery, lesions, language, aphasia, attention

Participants :
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 184707.84 €
Projet YOUTHBLOCS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

YOUTHBLOCS focuses its interest on the analysis of youth involvement in illegal political activities. During the last years, researchers and commentators have stressed a new upsurge of these type of political actions among the young people of Europe. This youth choice to express political views through illegal modes has been frequently interpreted as one of the many faces of the widely reported “youth escape” from politics that would find expression not so much in an expansion of a kind of political apathy among the younger generation, but in the growing of a preference for styles of political engagement that distance themselves from the conventional ways of being politically engaged. In this perspective, the widespread youth dissent towards the formal political sphere and its institutions and the manifestations of this dissent through illegal forms of involvement cannot be underestimated for both its current effects and potential consequences in terms of legitimacy and strength of the entire European social and institutional system. The proposed project intends to contribute to the understanding of illegal political activities and of their adoption by young people (18-30) through the conduction of a multidisciplinary mixed-method research in two different national contexts - Sweden and Italy - selected because of their differences in terms of current socio-demographic and economic conditions, participatory traditions and welfare systems. The research will be based on the adoption of an intergenerational perspective of analysis, involving young people and their “significant adults” in a study aimed at exploring and explaining the meanings and the practices related to this specific way of being engaged.

Mots clés : youth participation, illegal political involvement, intergenerational relationships, political socialisation, transitions to adulthood, local context, local political systems

Participants :
- Örebro University (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 173857.2 €
Projet YouthCult (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Young people are travelling more than ever before. Studying abroad is a growing and institutionalized practice, as in the Erasmus program. To find out what they’re getting out of this travelling, we have to get them to tell their stories and explore the meanings of their experience within the broader context of their lives. The results of this comparative study can usefully orient EU policymakers in sustaining young people in their transitional challenges – becoming adults, Europeans and citizens of a globalized world – fostering ongoing education in cultural diversity enhancing life for all Europeans. The key question is if and how students’ experiences abroad are contributing to overcoming cultural and social boundaries. Using a mixed-method and interdisciplinary approach, this innovative study investigates the meanings given by a group of 60 international students to their educational, cultural and overall life experience abroad (Finland and Italy). Through analysis of autobiographical-autoethnographical essays, ethnographical observations, focus groups and in-depth interviews I will address topics connected with self-construction processes in another culture: family of origin and its economic, social and cultural capital; perception of European social and cultural identity and sense of belonging to a “Cosmopolitan Generation”; fundamental cultural objects shaping the idea of Italy (South) Finland (North) and Europe in general; interaction with locals and involvement in the host culture; key life passages during students’ stay abroad. The narrative approach yields a clear, in-depth and comprehensive vision of what students abroad are actually doing and what they think about it. Beyond quantitative data, qualitative empirical material of this kind is rare; findings will offer unique insights on human life-span development, cultural globalization, social mobility, migration, tourism and education, enhancing intra-European education and mobility policies.

Mots clés : international students, youth, autobiography autoethnography, cultural experience, north and south europe, helsinki and florence

Participants :
- University of Helsinki (Finlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 179325.6 €
Projet LifeisScience (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : European Researchers' Night
Statut du projet : CLOSED

acib is planning an open event for the young general public in the frame of the European Researchers’ Night in Austria. Under the roof LifeisScience the visitors gain insights into the every-day work of researchers in the manifold fields of biotechnology and related disciplines as well as its impact to our daily life. LifeisScience offers to discover scientific contents along three dedicated story lines by visiting laboratories, contributing in experiments, interrogating scientists about buzzling questions, exchanging ideas in debates, participating in open innovation science, watching demonstrations and learning more on recent scientific discoveries. The story lines are food technology, waste management & renewable resources and health. The different activities intend to allow visitors to identify connections between research and our daily life. The principle of collecting stamps for each activity and receiving a gift for absolved story lines aims to drive visitor’s motivation and, thereby, some may discover their passion for science and their preference for a research career.

Mots clés : life sciences, science communication, biotechnology, mint disciplines, citizen science, open innovation, game based learning

Participants :
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (Austria) (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 91862.5 €
Projet RiR (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

tThe Racialization in Reproduction project (RiR) aims to analyse maternal health among black women in Europe and the US. Since the 2000s, a number of parallel trends testify that the maternal health outcomes of non-white populations (i.e. Black, Hispanic, Caribbean, Asian, Middle East and Pacific Islander women) are worse than those of white women in Europe and the US. Among non-white populations, black women present the worst maternal health outcomes in both contexts. This has led some scholars to speak about a black maternal health crisis, drawing on facts such as black women undergoing a greater number of medical interventions and being more exposed to risks related to maternal health. However, black maternal health matters are poorly understood as a public health problem in Europe where there is little data collected by race and ethnicity. RiR will introduce new theories and new methods to advance the knowledge of black maternal health in Europe. The project will consist of two key activities: theoretical training in the US where I will explore Black Studies literature that is missing in Europe; and research work to be carried out in the US to reflect in a comparative way on black maternal health in Europe. The overarching aim is to explore the continuities and specificities of the black maternal health crisis in Europe (where I have worked and collected data on this topic for the last ten years) and in the US (where I will carry out new fieldwork). In addition to dissemination in the academe, RiR aims to spread its results to a broad public: medical professionals, reproductive rights associations and NGOs, public health and gender policy-makers. Through these activities, RiR will make a concrete contribution to public health policies aimed at struggling inequalities related to the right to health in Europe.

Mots clés : black maternal health, african migrants, women of african descent, gender, race and class discrimination and inequalities, public health policies, right to health, comparative studies, ethnography

Participants :
- École des hautes études en sciences sociales (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 257619.84 €
- City University of New York (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet uKNEEversal (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

uKNEEversal aims at generating a comprehensive in vitro human model of Osteoarthritis (OA) to fill lacks of existing pre-clinical tools and open perspectives to investigate OA mechanisms and therapies. Degenerative joint diseases, among which OA is the most prevalent, represent the second cause of disability worldwide. Available pharmacological options are limited and focus on the reduction of symptoms, being unable to factually reverse the pathology. One of the major obstacles towards the development of disease-reversing therapies is the gap of knowledge on OA mechanisms, linked to the lack of reliable OA pre-clinical models. Existing pre-clinical tools are currently not able to dissect OA complexity in terms of cross talks among compartments and molecular pathways affected. Although animal models may offer a complex enough model, they often fail in predicting typical human responses and recent legislation about 3R principle is pushing Pharma towards methods alternative to animals. In this regards, one ground-breaking goal in the field is the generation of an OA model able to reflect the complexity of the disease in vitro. To date, most in vitro OA models, based on traditional 2D and macroscale culture systems, are affected by sampling sites, poor scalability, and are too simplistic to recapitulate joint 3D architecture. As an alternative, human organs-on-chips (OOC) have been claimed able to transform many areas of basic research and drug development. OOC are in vitro tools that can recapitulate a human organ’s function better than traditional culture systems, in a miniaturized environment. Miniaturization has indeed showed an enhanced control leading to in vitro models recapitulating the native organ functions with accuracy hardly achievable at the macroscale. In this scenario, uKNEEversal aims at filling the gap of existing poorly predictive pre-clinical models generating an in vitro human osteoarthritic joint model through organs-on-chip technology.

Mots clés : organs on chip, osteoarthritis, in vitro models, pre clinical tool, joint tissue engineering

Participants :
- Politecnico di Milano (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 171473.28 €