Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet NANDEEC (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Reducing diesel particulate matter (DPM) is a key research area for automotive OEMs in order to meet the more and more stringent emission regulations. Diesel particulate filters (DPF) are used in separation of carbonatious particles by mechanical filtration and subsequent burning of the DPM in order to avoid pressure drop by filter plugging. Since these materials burn at high temperatures (more than 550°C) with oxygen while diesel exhaust gases temperature lies between 200 and 400°C, a suitable catalytic material is required to promote the soot or DPM combustion. Thus, it is very important to develop suitable catalytic materials which are active enough to ignite the DPM at low temperatures. This research proposal is aimed to 1) design and develop a nanofibrous structured catalytic material (Pr2O3 and Mn2O3) using a novel synthesis method to have functions of trapping and combustion of DPM, 2) perform detailed characterisation of the nanofibre catalyst, and 3) demonstrate the emission reduction potential of nanofiber catalyst coated DPF by engine testing. The special morphology of nanofiber structure catalysts will increase the contact point of the DPM and help in burning of the soot. Thus the catalysed DPF can reduce the exhaust particulate emissions and exhaust back pressure there by improving the engine performance as well. These will be demonstrated in running a legislative emission driving cycle on a transient dynamometer engine test facility at the University of Birmingham (UoB). The experienced researcher will bring a new research area in the development of nanofiberous catalyst for DPF to the UoB and the latest advancements in engine testing and emission measurement techniques in the Future Engine and Fuels group will be transferred to the experienced researcher as part of the knowledge transfer. The knowledge generated will be shared among the wide research community and public through various outreach programmes.

Mots clés : particulate matter, diesel particulate filter, nano fiberous catalyst, diesel emissions, cold start

Participants :
- University of Birmingham (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet NANOLASER (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Reducing the energy consumption and increasing the density of interconnects have been identified as one of the major challenges in the development of future computing and communication systems. Optics is the only solution for solving this interconnect bottleneck, and the development of miniaturized, efficient, and fast optical sources is therefore of paramount importance. This project addresses these challenges aiming at the theoretical and experimental investigation of the high-speed dynamics of semiconductor lasers at an unconventional scale with the goal of determining their performance and ultimate physical limits for applications in ultra-fast communications, information processing, and on-chip optical interconnects. We target a novel generation of low-threshold electrically-injected metallic cavity semiconductor nanoscale laser (NANOLASER) sources for energy efficient and ultra-fast operation at the 1.55 µm fiber-optic communication window. In these nanophotonic components photons and carriers are both confined in a sub-wavelength cavity and close to the quantum level, with dimensions ranging from hundreds to tens of nanometers and, presenting fascinating new physical phenomena, unique to electromagnetic cavities. Using advanced nanofabrication, characterisation and modelling methods, we aim at fully understanding the the dynamical properties of nanolasers and building predictive dynamical physical models. We will explore their potential for low current operation, ultra-fast modulation and large scale integration. Additionally, a number of optoelectronic and optical injection mechanisms will be investigated for applications in on-off switching and all-optical communications signal buffering. This will have a strong impact on a broad spectrum of scientific fields, namely materials science, laser science, optoelectronics, optical physics, nanophotonics, nonlinear dynamics, and computer science.

Mots clés : nanolasers, laser dynamics, integrated photonics

Participants :
- Eindhoven University of Technology (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 165598.8 €
Projet FOREPAST (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Regime shifts are common phenomena in ecological systems. These abrupt changes can be induced by sometimes only slight fluctuations or small perturbations. Current understanding of the mechanisms that produce critical transitions in real-world systems is insufficient. Despite transitions have an anthropogenic origin in most cases, the occurrence of such shifts can have pervasive societal implications, typically due to the impairment of a functionally complex ecosystem state, which delivered a number of ecosystem services, into another degraded state, which tends to provide much less services. Thus, our lack of understanding of so-called early warning signals (EWS) of impending change, can severely impact our capacity to adopt management actions in a timely manner. The main limitation when searching for EWS in ecological data is the short-term duration of most studies. FOREPAST takes an interdisciplinary approach to address this issue, and aims at 1) using the paleoecological record to find EWS, which, 2) then will be validated in contemporary ecosystems by means of a manipulative experiment along a gradient of stress. Given that human development is behind most ecosystem transitions, FOREPAST aims at 3) conveying the results of the natural sciences’ WPs with stakeholders in the area of study, to understand their perceived loss/gain when ecological transitions occur, and the trade-offs the society is willing to make to prevent (or not) these scenarios. The focal ecosystems of this action are the Mediterranean wetlands of the Ebre Delta, which are included in the Natura 2000 Network, for being Habitats of community interest and sites of international importance for Birds. Thus, the results arising from this project will provide relevant information for the application of EU directives, specially related to climate change adaptation and coastal resilience, as well as a great leap for the applicant’s career, with valuable training and high-level publications expected.

Mots clés : wetlands, salt marshes, coastal habitats, sea level rise, disturbance, resilience, regime shifts, ecosystem services, nature and society

Participants :
- University of Barcelona (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 170121.6 €
Projet MiroMigration (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Regulated trafficking of mitochondria is essential for providing ATP at the correct spatial location to power neural computation, and for providing Ca2+ buffering at sites of Ca2+ entry or release. In neurons, the concentration of mitochondria in specific regions such as growth cones and synapses is important for correct neuronal function and development. Consequently, defective mitochondrial trafficking is increasingly implicated in neurological diseases. Very little is known regarding the role of mitochondrial positioning and function during neural development such as during the migration of cortical neurons. This proposal will study the mechanisms that control the trafficking of mitochondria in neurons and how this regulates neuronal migration during cortex development. Using imaging, molecular techniques, combined with ex vivo or in utero electroporation and mouse transgenic models I will determine the molecular mechanisms underlying the signalling-dependent positioning of mitochondria in migrating neuronal progenitors. I will examine how the mitochondrial Ca2+-sensing GTPase Miro1 acts as a molecular switch to regulate mitochondrial positioning and function. How Miro1-mediated mitochondrial trafficking regulates neuronal migration in brain development will also be determined. A key goal will be to determine the role of Miro1 Ca2+-sensing and GTPase domains and other components of the Miro1 protein complex including CENPF, DISC1 and Nde1 in the control of mitochondrial positioning in these processes. These studies will significantly advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control mitochondrial signalling-dependent localization in regulating neuronal development. Moreover, understanding these processes may highlight novel therapeutic approaches for neurodevelopmental disorders including Autism Spectrum Disorder, schizophrenia and intellectual disability, where disrupted neuronal migration and cortical wiring are thought to occur.

Mots clés : mitochondria, miro, rho gtpase, neuronal migration, calcium signalling, atp levels

Participants :
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet TARGET SLEEP (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Rehabilitation is an important therapeutic strategy for patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), whereby motor adaptations are learned to maintain daily functioning. However, patients often present difficulty consolidating newly learned skills into long-term memory, which reduces the benefits of training. Interventions that enhance consolidation are therefore projected to diminish the impact of PD. Sleep facilitates motor memory consolidation in healthy adults, especially in combination with targeted memory reactivation (TMR). TMR works by adding associated auditory stimuli during learning, which are replayed during sleep and thus reinforce the recently formed neural connections. Importantly, recent work has suggested that consolidation during sleep may be preserved in PD, but robust findings are lacking and have not involved TMR. This knowledge gap is astonishing given the potential benefits that can be gained by integrating sleep interventions into rehabilitation. My objective is to address this imperative by investigating the effect of sleep on motor memory consolidation by experimentally manipulating exposure to sleep and TMR for the first time. Concretely, I will compare the effect of a 2-hour daytime nap with or without TMR to that of a wake control period in PD and age-matched controls. I will use a validated motor sequence task to test for behavioral markers of motor learning and apply state-of-the-art neuroimaging techniques to study the imprint of neural network changes underlying consolidation. My training objectives include teaching and supervising students in rehabilitation–related neuroscientific topics and research leadership development. I will also implement a rigorous dissemination and communication plan to achieve optimal societal impact of my research findings. I anticipate my MSCA to spark new sleep interventions that boost the effectiveness of rehabilitation and improve the wellbeing of our ageing population, in particular those affected by PD.

Mots clés : consolidation, rehabilitation

Participants :
- KU Leuven (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 166320.0 €
Projet FISHNAV (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Reliable vision-based object recognition is of fundamental importance to a wide range of species; however, it can be difficult as the appearance of an object can vary greatly as a result of changes in viewpoint. Recognition during motion presents a particularly challenge as the appearance of an object continuously changes; a particular issue for animals that use landmarks to navigate. One recognition mechanism is to learn a two-dimensional snapshot of an object from a set viewpoint. The object can later be recognized once the appearance of the object matches the stored snapshot. Some animals reduce the number of required snapshots by employing ‘active vision’, where they follow identical routes between landmarks. For fish, the complexity of recognition is compounded by the fact that, unlike surface-bound animals, they can freely move vertically, which could potentially increase the number of approach views to an object. An alternate possibility is that fish have a ‘view invariant’ recognition system and can generalize learned representations of objects so that they can be recognized from different viewing angles. However, high-level visual functions, such as object recognition, are associated with complex mammalian brain structures and may be impossible for animals lacking similar neural circuitry. Despite these problems, we know that fish are capable of navigating efficiently using landmarks. The goal of this project is to investigate how fish recognize visual landmarks during navigation and to determine how they cope with self-orientation related changes in the appearance of objects during motion. Using behavioural experiments, we will test whether fish have view invariant recognition and/or if they employ active vision during navigation. The proposed project will further our knowledge of how fish perceive their visual environment as well as inform us about how conserved the mechanisms of object recognition are from an evolutionary perspective.

Mots clés : vision, navigation

Participants :
- University of Oxford (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet TOUGH (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Renewable wind and solar energy production and electrification of transport require battery systems to store the electricity until it is needed. Lithium batteries have been very successful, but further improvements are needed in terms of safety, performance, efficiency, cost, and lifetime. The use of solid instead of liquid electrolytes offers a key step forward, but slow kinetics is the Archilles’ heel of solid electrolytes. This problem can be addressed by using amorphous (disordered) instead of crystalline electrolytes, but in turn these suffer from low fracture resistance, compromising long-term performance. In the proposed project, we will elucidate the mechanical behavior of amorphous solid electrolyte/electrode interfaces. The aim is to optimize the electrolyte composition and structure to simultaneously achieve high toughness, stable interfaces, and high lithium ion conductivity. To this end, we will first understand the structure-conductivity relations in disordered and partially ordered sulfide electrolytes (Task 1). Then the mechanical properties of the individual phases and interfaces will be explored in constructed all solid-state batteries (Task 2). These experiments will be complemented by atomistic simulations to understand the structural changes in the investigated systems during battery operation (Task 3). The project builds on complementary expertise of the fellow applicant (battery materials) and supervisor (mechanics, amorphous materials). Together with the research and training environment provided by the host organization (Aalborg University, Denmark), this will ensure the achievement of this timely and innovative project as well as the dissemination and exploitation of the expected results. These research outputs will lead to new amorphous materials that can be integrated in future all solid-state batteries. The fellow applicant will emerge from the project with new skills, and the capability to launch his own research group.

Mots clés : amorphous materials, solid state battery, fracture toughness, interfaces, md simulations

Participants :
- Aalborg University (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 219312.0 €
Projet INIA - ESR2 (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : MSCA other
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Request of financial support to cover the additional costs that researchers/staff members with disabilities face due to the increased costs of their mobility and/or to ensure necessary assistance by third persons or for adapting their work environment.

Mots clés : cubital tunnel syndrome, disability, ergonomic equipment

Participants :
- University of Huddersfield (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 3615.0 €
Projet POSTBREXIT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : MSCA other
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Request of financial support to cover the additional costs that researchers/staff members with disabilities face due to the increased costs of their mobility and/or to ensure necessary assistance by third persons or for adapting their work environment.

Mots clés : brexit, populism, euroscepticism, europe, intra party democracy

Participants :
- University of Sussex (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 12194.25 €
Projet S2S-Future (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : MSCA other
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Request of financial support to cover the additional costs that researchers/staff members with disabilities face due to the increased costs of their mobility and/or to ensure necessary assistance by third persons or for adapting their work environment.

Mots clés : symbrachydactyly, hand impairment, hydrofluoric acid

Participants :
- University of Geneva (Suisse) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 47325.0 €
Projet SECURE BORDERS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : MSCA other
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Request of financial support to cover the additional costs that researchers/staff members with disabilities face due to the increased costs of their mobility and/or to ensure necessary assistance by third persons or for adapting their work environment.

Mots clés : ir theory, practice theory, hungarian serb border, border police, eu migration, refugee crisis, transit countries, ethnography

Participants :
- Aberystwyth University (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 35421.0 €
Projet ResCool (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

ResCool is targeting an advanced building energy simulation to consider the thermal interactions with urban microclimate under climate change scenarios, aiming at supporting the climate-resilient design of cities under growing heatwaves. The effects of heatwaves in cities are one of the most critical overlooked issues of our time. They will occur more often and last longer, increasing the likelihood of severe and irreversible impacts for people and ecosystems. The objectives of this project are the development and validation of a holistic and reliable methodology to evaluate the heat vulnerability of cities; the identification of the climate-related hazards and risks of reference urban contexts in Europe; the selection of the best available climate-resilient solutions to strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity of cities; and the development of a climate-resilient cooling action plan and a decision-support tool for the sustainable development of urban planning policies. The project’s core research is divided into five work packages (WP). WP1 develops a bottom-up evaluation workflow of urban contexts facing climate change scenarios. WP2 validates this methodology thought data collection in two representative urban case studies in the United Kingdom and Spain. WP3 evaluates the heat vulnerabilities and climate risks of representative urban contexts. WP4 carries out a parametric analysis of resilient cooling strategies to highlight the best available solutions under climate change scenarios. Finally, WP5 uses the collected results to develop a tool to support the climate-resilient pathway by policymakers and authorities. The results will derive in context-specific policy recommendations and how governments can best incentivise, govern and regulate low-carbon and effective resilient cooling chains, improving urban planning policies, building standards and guidelines in order to ensure the health and wellbeing of citizens.

Mots clés : cooling, resilience, climate change adaptation, urban microclimate, climate resilient design, building simulation, energy conservation, heatwaves, sustainable urban development

Participants :
- University of Oxford (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet ResMet (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Mathematics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

ResMet is dedicated to applications of resampling methods in statistical inference for the processes with periodic and almost periodic structures. The mentioned processes in the literature are called cyclostationary (CS) and almost cyclostationary (ACS). Studies of CS/ACS processes started by Gladyshev in 1961. Since then the subject has developed fast and found applications in many branches of vibroacoustics, mechanics, signal analysis and climatology. The wide range of possible applications resulted in the thousands of papers that were published through the last 60 years. Unfortunately, the analysis of CS/ACS processes is very difficult. The most difficult is the estimation of the asymptotic covariance matrix for parameters of interest. In practice it is almost impossible and to construct confidence intervals resampling methods need to be used. The Experienced Researcher (ER) will show their consistency for different parameters of CS/ACS processes. Additionally, she will consider jitter effect and develop testing tools to detect the significant frequencies and to check if the considered data are zero-mean. These results will allow e.g. for construction of the new tools for machine faults detection. Moreover, new research topics will appear like choosing the optimal block length for each application. During the fellowship the ER will be able to work with the experts (her supervisor Prof. Dehay included) in the analysis of AC/ACS processes and in testing. The ER will join the seminars organized by them and will exchange the knowledge on the daily basis with other statisticians. Finally, she will present results of her work on the seminars, workshops and conferences. This process will allow her to finish her habilitation and apply for the permanent professor position in Europe. Moreover, during her secondment at Laser Analytica she will get statistical consulting experience, which in future will allow her for collaboration with pharmaceutical companies in Europe.

Mots clés : almost cyclostationary process, bootstrap, cyclostationary process, frequencies, subsampling

Participants :
- Université Rennes 2 (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 173076.0 €