Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet SpaceCode (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

This project will investigate the distribution and origin of spatial coding by recording from large populations of neurons across the brain, using next-generation electrodes developed by the host laboratory. Spatial navigation is a goal-directed task that animals perform daily, and its signals engage a variety of brain systems beyond classical navigational centers such as the hippocampus. I have three aims: (1) to characterize the distribution of spatial signals across the mouse brain, with a focus on sensory regions; (2) to understand how spatial signals interact with sensory signals; (3) to establish whether the spatial signals originate in the hippocampus. The experiments will be performed in mice that navigate virtual environments and will involve next-generation Neuropixels 2.0 probes, capable of recording from hundreds of neurons at a time. First, I will record activity from large populations of neurons across multiple brain regions during virtual navigation and define the interaction of sensory and spatial signals in sensory cortex. Then I will test whether the hippocampus is necessary for spatial coding in visual cortex by manipulating its activity with chemogenetics in transgenic mice. These experiments will provide the first large-scale view of spatial coding across the mouse brain, characterizing the distribution of spatial signals, their computational role, and their causal origin. I will perform these experiments in the Cortical Processing Laboratory at University College London, led by Professors Matteo Carandini and Kenneth Harris. I am confident I can further develop my skills as an independent researcher while answering exciting scientific questions. Professors Carandini and Harris are experts in conducting large-scale neuronal recordings in mice performing complex behavioral tasks as well as analytical techniques to process large data sets. I am experienced in systems neuroscience techniques and studying goal-directed behavior in mice.

Mots clés : neuropixels, electrophysiology, spatial navigation, chemogenetics, vision, audition, virtual reality

Participants :
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet Apricale (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project will investigate the rationale, function and impact of funding for the translation, publication and promotion of European literature. State, supranational and third-sector structures for funding translations have been in place for several decades across Europe, promoting literary and cultural diversity. Applying sociological tools to translation, literary and cultural studies, this research will analyse how recent and current schemes inform practical decisions on acquisition, publishing and marketing strategies by target publishers across multiple European countries. The research is a quantitative-qualitative mix focusing on the sorely under-researched area of less translated European literatures. A historical survey of past translation measures and outputs against the backdrop of cultural, economic and political developments in Europe since the 1970s will form the springboard for the qualitative part of the project. Using semi-structured interviews, it will explore the decision-making process of acquisition editors in the target publishing houses and the function of translation funding measures across multiple European countries. A better understanding of the practical mechanisms that support the cultural and literary diversity in Europe will help identify the current shortcomings and future shape of policy and practice. By combining his experience of professional and scholarly contexts, the applicant will generate a deep, two-way transfer of knowledge and restart his career by radically expanding his research profile and capacity. This research will, moreover, contribute fundamentally to the sociology of literature, book history, translation, policy and international relations research, and potentially transform professional practice and the thinking of policy-makers across Europe. It will be a source of knowledge intended to prompt reflection and inform future actions including data-driven policy making.

Mots clés : sociology of translation, sociology of literature, translation studies, public policies for the promotion of literature, globalisation and literature, minor literatures, book history

Participants :
- University of Bristol (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet DIVA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project will investigate the ways in which variation in the linguistic input affects the trajectory of language development and its final outcome. This exploration of language variation and its contributing factors will bring together both the sociolinguistic and the neurocognitive aspects of the human ability to use language, through adopting a cross-linguistic perspective. Acceptability judgment tasks will be the vehicle to test different domains of grammar, such as word-order patterns, adjective orderings, and grammatical illusions, across different linguistic communities in Scandinavia, Cyprus, and Greece. Through examining acceptability judgments in neurotypical adult populations, this project will foster a novel, three-way comparison across (i) monolingual, bilingual, and bilectal speakers, (ii) three domains of grammar, (iii) varying developmental trajectories within the bilingual population, including heritage language learners and L1 attriters. The combination of on-line and off-line measures will shed light on how different domains of grammar are processed by the monolingual and bilingual mind and elucidate whether some or all types of bilingualism confer a cognitive advantage in this processing. Two key objectives of this project are the investigation of both standard and non-standard varieties and the promotion of linguistic diversity. Ultimately, the findings of this project will generate substantive, empirically informed hypotheses about human language and the bilingual mind. Within the present context of increased multilingualism throughout the lifespan these results are likely to achieve a marked scientific impact.

Mots clés : language variation, bilingualism, heritage language acquisition, l1 attrition

Participants :
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway (Norvège) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 196400.4 €
Projet PE4PPI (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project will make an innovative contribution to patient and public involvement (PPI) in health through the application of an innovative peer ethnographic method, which offers the potential for new knowledge unobtainable through other qualitative research methods. A group of young people will be trained to conduct ethnographic research amongest their peers on gender relations, sexual initiation and behaviour, perceptions of sexual health services, and priorities for support. The team of peer researchers will be trained and supported in communicating the findings of their research with key stakeholders working in YP’s sexual health service provision in one region of the UK. The project will have several lasting impacts: it will provide important insight into the value of peer ethnography as a methodology to be used within PPI, contribute to new knowledge for evidence-based policy-making and service provision in the field of YP’s sexual health, and will equip a group of young people (YP) with important research, communication and advocacy skills. The project will enable the beneficiary to develop critical new skills and experience in the implementation and analysis of PPI in health, while at the same time broadening her interdisciplinary experience and expertise in applied anthropological research methods. She will also gain new skills in training and conducting research with YP. Dr White’s employability will be significantly enhanced through the tailored mentoring provided by her supervisor and other experts at the University of West of England (UWE) and the practical skills she acquires working on the proposed project. By the end of the Fellowship she will be equipped with the expertise and experience necessary to pursue an independent research position, enabling her to progress from the position of Research Fellow to Senior Lecturer, setting her firmly on the path of a professional academic career, towards an Associate Professorship and beyond.

Mots clés : anthropology, sexual health, young people, public and patient involvement, applied research

Participants :
- University of the West of England (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet MICAWA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project will study a class of atmospheric waves (known as atmospheric gravity waves) and associated travelling ionospheric disturbances at high latitudes, along with the possible connections between this wave activity and geomagnetic activity. The project will use data obtained using the Tromso Dynasonde (electron density and ionospheric tilts) between January 2014 and December 2016. The project will fully investigate the spectral characteristics of the data, along with the statistical distribution of the propagation parameters, and their altitude and temporal variability. The final goal is to identify possible correlations between these parameters and indicators of the level of geomagnetic activity. The project is submitted by a researcher with substantial experience in the subject areas, originally gained in during his PhD studies at the University of Colorado. The applicant is seeking the fellowship to aid in his reintegration at the Institute of Space Science in Romania.

Mots clés : atmospheric gravity waves, traveling ionospheric disturbances, ionosondes, dynasondes, magnetosphere ionosphere coupling, spectral analysis, statistical analysis, correlation study, ionospheric tilts

Participants :
- Institutul de stiinte spatiale (Roumanie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Autres, subvention : 125422.8 €
Projet ITPF (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project, "Interfaces in Turbulent Premixed Flames" (ITPF), aims at improving the physical understanding of the entrainment of hot products in annular co-flows of turbulent premixed flames into jets of fresh reactants. This research will characterize the entrainment processes through the study and comparison of Turbulent/Non-Turbulent (T/NT) and scalar interfaces in turbulent premixed flames. This is an essential point in combusting turbulent free shear flows, because a better knowledge of the dynamics of T/NT and scalar interfaces would lead to better predictions of flame instabilities and field structures. Moreover, the insight gained by this analysis will, in turn, be used to propose more physically sound and accurate turbulent mixing models. The entrainment mechanisms have been studied for the past decades. However, the description and quantification of the importance of small and large scales contributing to it is still unsolved. Thus, this research will use methodologies to locally characterize small-scale scalar structures and flow topologies, as well as, to scrutinize how large and medium size vortices influence and drive the entrainment processes. Therefore, this research requires high resolution simulations to investigate the structure of the enstrophy and scalar interfaces; this proposal intends to develop a Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of a turbulent premixed flame and analyze its results, in conjunction with Large Eddy Simulations (LES). A smart combination of DNS and LES will permit to unveil contributions of large and small structures to the entrainment process, to better comprehend physical mechanisms and to formulate sound and accurate mixing and combustion models. In summary, this proposal will directly address the cross-cutting priority of sustainable development in Information Science and Engineering established by the H2020 Work Programme and will reinforce the already large European competitiveness in turbulent combustion research.

Mots clés : turbulent combustion, turbulent entrainment, enstrophy, vorticity, turbulent, non turbulent interfaces, turbulence theory, small scale flow topologies, scalar iso surfaces, curvatures

Participants :
- University of Duisburg-Essen (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 159460.8 €
Projet Gender identity (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project’s overall objective is to carry out a comparative study of the construction of the self of both Anglican and Catholic women during the last five decades. Following a gender perspective, it will analyse how women belonging to these Churches have reacted to the recent transformations experienced by the English and Spanish societies. Particularly, this project will focus on two of these changes. Firstly, the accelerated secularisation of both societies, a process which started in the late eighteenth century and was consolidated during the cultural revolution of the 1960s. Since that point established Churches, like Anglicanism in England and Catholicism in Spain, lost on a great part of their former social support and cultural influence. The second aspect will be the emergence of second-wave feminism during the 1960s, which broadened the feminist agenda to a wide range of issues, like sexuality, family and reproductive rights. By relying on oral history methods, especially useful to analyse the complex process of identity construction, this research project wants to know how these women dealt with those social and cultural transformations in order to shape a particular gendered and religious identity. Three main questions will be addressed by this project: How has the different evolution of Catholicism and Anglicanism from 1960s onwards affected female believers? Did the historical link between women and religion disappear at the end of the 20th century? How have interviewees managed to reformulate the role of religion in their lives before the secularist and feminist claims? The main deliverables will be two papers published in leading international journals and a book published either in English or Spanish. The fellowship will be highly beneficial to establish the researcher as one of the main European experts on the history of secularisation from a gender point of view.

Mots clés : gender, identity, oral history, secularisation, anglicanism, catholicism

Participants :
- University of Leeds (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet PALAEO (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This proposal (PALAEO) aims to provide completely novel insights into the long-term dynamics of methane (CH4) concentrations and emissions from lakes in response to past climatic variation and anthropogenic impact. Lakes are an important component in the global carbon budget and their role as major sources of greenhouse gases, particularly CH4, has long been underestimated. This is partly due to the absence of long-term data sets of CH4 emissions from lakes, which makes predictions and modelling of lake ecosystem responses to future climate change extremely difficult. PALAEO will combine a unique experimental system, contemporary field observations and state-of-the-art palaeolimnology to develop, validate and apply methods to track long-term dynamics in CH4 in lakes. The different spatial and temporal scales are linked by a consistent methodology using stable isotope analysis applied to chitinous invertebrate remains, which have the potential to reflect past CH4 concentrations in the water. Sediment cores from the Arctic (Greenland), boreal (Finland) and temperate (Denmark) regions will be analysed. These cores also provide information on past environmental and ecological conditions, such as temperature, nutrient levels and community structure. Sampling from regions that have shown large climate variations (Arctic, boreal) and highly variable degree of human impact (boreal, temperate) will provide unique data for modelling how CH4 emissions from lakes will be affected under future warming scenarios. In addition, these data will allow the assessment of the relative importance of multiple pressures (climate warming, eutrophication) in driving the increases of CH4 emissions from lakes in different regions. This makes PALAEO a highly novel study linking change in the environment and ecosystem structure to long-term change in a key ecosystem process with global significance – CH4 production and emission.

Mots clés : palaeolimnology, stable isotope analysis, methane fluxes

Participants :
- Aarhus University (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 200194.8 €
Projet FOL (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This proposal aims to develop a research agenda on the long-term effect on civil conflict on institutions, particularly on land tenure structure. I start by building a theoretical model to establish the mechanisms and incentives through which actors involved in an armed conflict may be interested on fighting over the control and property rights of rural land. The resulting theoretical hypotheses will be tested using a truly unique, plot-level census data set that I digitised from Official Archives of the province of Antioquia, a Colombian region highly exposed to violence over the last fifty years. This dataset contains plot-level census data collected in 1950-55 for tax purposes. Additionally, I utilise similar plot-level census data for 1995 and 2000. These historical data sets can be easily matched to current cadastral information, available from 2006 onward. Hence, I will have comparable plot-level census datasets from Antioquia for four different periods, which coincide with the main shift of the intensity and expansion of the Colombian conflict. The exogenous nature of the different episodes of the conflict will provide the spatial and temporal variation to identify the effect of violence on land tenure. Several concerns might arise about the potential non-randomness of violence. While I cannot entirely resolve these (i.e. war is not random), I propose different strategies to test the robustness of my results. The contribution of this proposal is twofold. First, this proposal will contribute to the literature on land related conflict and the social consequences of conflict. Second, I provide technical support to many land restitution policies launched in post-conflict settings.

Mots clés : civil war, political economy, asset appropriation, land, aftermath civil war, post war economics, institutions

Participants :
- Institute of Development Studies (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet EPICONNECT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This proposal for a Marie Sklodowska-Curie Global Fellowship is meant for the training of Dr. Pieter van Mierlo, currently at Ghent University, in the Functional Brain Mapping Laboratory (FBM Lab) of the University of Geneva, one of the world leading brain imaging laboratories. The goal of the project is to explore the communication between brain regions in epilepsy patients to ameliorate their treatment. In the first stage a non-invasive tool, ElectroEncephaloGraphy (EEG), will be used to measure the electric field of the brain through electrodes placed on top of the scalp. By measuring the voltage difference between the EEG electrodes the electric field of the brain can be studied with a high temporal resolution (ms). Recently, high density EEG (hd-EEG) systems have been developed with up to 256 electrodes. These systems allow more accurate measurements compared to the old systems having only ± 32 electrodes. The FBM Lab is one of the few labs that have hd-EEG recordings of epilepsy patients. In this project we will develop an algorithm to investigate the brain networks in epilepsy patients based on hd-EEG recordings. The brain networks will be studied to localize the epileptic focus, the brain region that causes the seizures. In the second stage hd-EEG will be combined with functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) that images the concentration of oxygen in the brain with a high spatial resolution (mm). The simultaneously recorded hd-EEG / fMRI allows studying the brain networks with both a high temporal and spatial resolution. Furthermore, fMRI is more sensitive to record brain activity of deep brain structures compared to hd-EEG. The added value of combining hd-EEG with fMRI to localize the epileptic focus will be assessed. In the third and final stage, the developed algorithms will be implemented at the UGent. A prospective study will be done to quantify the influence of functional connectivity analysis on patients’ treatment management.

Mots clés : epilepsy, high density eeg, brain connectivity, functional mri

Participants :
- Ghent University (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 211964.7 €
- University of Geneva (Suisse) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €