Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet METHYVIREVOL (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the cause of the most common sexually transmitted diseases that the majority of adults will contract during their lifetime. Although most HPV infections are cleared by the immune system within several months, persistent HPV can lead to severe cancers of the oropharynx and anogenital tract. Consequently this DNA virus is a major public health burden accounting for 5% of all cancers worldwide and 7.5% of all female cancer deaths yearly. It is well established that both viral and host genomes undergo significant epigenetic changes during the infectious process. However, the link between the genomic status of the HPV (episomal or integrated), the aberrant methylation patterns of cancer cells and the disease severity remain poorly understood. In addition, the early stages of HPV infection are less studied and viral DNA methylation changes during the progression towards persistent infection is largely unknown. This proposal aims to tackle both problems. In the first workpackage, I will use the publically available data generated by The Cancer Genome Atlas project to study methylation status of the HPV genome focusing in particular on a newly identified HPV-human hybrid episomes. Recently discovered in oropharynx cancer, the biological impact of this form of HPVs on cervical cancer development and the clinical outcome have never been characterized so far. In the second workpackage, I will be using a novel and unique longitudinal clinical study, developed by the host laboratory, following young women infected with HPV. This original data will allow me to decipher DNA methylation changes occurring during the early stage of the HPV infection and their role in disease progression. Together, the data and discoveries generated from this project will answer clinically-relevant questions that will allow the development of new diagnostic approaches of HPV-associated cancers.

Mots clés : human papillomavirus, dna methylation, cervical cancer, the cancer genome atlas, human hpv hybrid episome

Participants :
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 173076.0 €
Projet HuDig19 (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Human dignity refers to the intrinsic worthiness of the human being, which renders all individuals equal bearers of rights. It is a shared value of the European Member States and the cornerstone of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. Modern scholarship has relied on an uncontested paradigm: the recognition of the intrinsic worthiness of the human being necessarily entails social justice and the equality of all individuals. This approach is nonetheless unsuitable for examining human dignity in the nineteenth century, a time period that has been insufficiently explored. HuDig19 focuses on the case of France and reveals fascinating discoveries. Human dignity was defined as a sentiment, a conception that does not bear any historical precedents. Human dignity was deployed to humanize certain people while downgrading the humanity of others. Human dignity was also used to conceal inequalities and to justify injustices. To explain those startling findings, HuDig19 adopts a novel critical theory approach and explores untapped nineteenth-century sources. The idea of human dignity has never been studied in such an archival and critical ways. HuDig19 focuses on the following research objectives: a) To unveil why human dignity was conceived as a sentiment b) to explain its emotional regime c) to examine whether human dignity was used to justify inequalities d) to reveal how it was used to strip women of their citizenship and e) to update our contemporary conception of human dignity. HuDig19 open new interdisciplinary perspectives for the studies of a value that defines our democracies. HuDig19 is carried out by Prof. Antonio Pele, who has developed strong expertise on human dignity. The primary supervisor, Prof. Bernard E. Harcourt, is a leading scholar in critical theory. The co-supervisor, Prof. Arnaud Esquerre is a renowned scholar in historical sociology. HuDig19 is implemented in the remarkable infrastructure of the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales in Paris.

Mots clés : critical theory, emotions, france, human dignity, nineteeth century, rights, women

Participants :
- École des hautes études en sciences sociales (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 196707.84 €
Projet NEUROINTELLIGENCE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Human fluid intelligence is characterized by a structured sequence of cognition, resulting in efficient application of rules to novel problems. In the brain, metabolic neuroimaging and lesion studies have linked fluid intelligence to a specific frontoparietal network, here called the multiple-demand (MD) network, comprising regions of lateral frontal, insular, dorsomedial frontal and parietal cortex. But how do MD functions determine fluid intelligence across stages of cognition? My extensive expertise in electroencephalography (EEG) source analyses and neural pattern classification techniques will allow me to assess time-resolved neural representations of novel rules in MD and perceptual cortex as a function of fluid intelligence, as well as the causal impact of MD cortex on earliest stages of perceptual encoding. Higher- and lower-intelligent subjects’ electrophysiological (EEG) and behavioural measures of novel rule implementation will be systematically analysed. Non-invasive neural stimulation (transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)) will be used in combination with EEG to draw causal conclusions on the specific role of MD and perceptual cortices in human fluid intelligence. My novel analysis approach may provide a new account on fluid intelligence: one aspect of low fluid intelligence may be the dysfunctional early filtering of task-relevant information in perceptual cortex, due to lack of top-down control from MD cortices, leading to sensory overload on later processing stages. The proposal’s outcomes will be both of high academic and commercial interest. Understanding the brain signatures underlying fluid intelligence is essential for more specific and cost-effective medical interventions. For example, decline of fluid intelligence due to healthy ageing is strongly correlated with high-cost medical conditions such as depression, which affect an increasing number of people in the ageing European population.

Mots clés : eeg tms, executive functions, fluid intelligence, individual differences, top down control

Participants :
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 159460.8 €
Projet PRESSURE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Human impacts on nature have led to massive biodiversity declines. Protected areas (PAs) have been suggested as one of the most important tools to reduce human pressure and protect biodiversity. In this project I will advance our understanding of the effectiveness of terrestrial PAs in reducing human pressure and improve current knowledge on how to measure human pressure, by specifically addressing three objectives: 1) To understand how management quality affects PAs ability to reduce human pressure, 2) To reconciling remote sensed maps of human pressure with field observation of the impact of human threats, and 3) To improve existing maps of human pressure by including data of key threats to biodiversity (e.g. natural resource use and invasive species). The foundation of the project will be the Temporal Human Pressure Index (e.g. a temporal Human Footprint), the World Database of Protected Areas, and a global database on Management. The three objectives will apply different state-of-the-art statistical approaches including propensity matching and general linear mixed effects models to achieve these ambitious objectives. The project is expected to lead to three high impact peer-reviewed papers as well as min two popular science papers, and one policy brief. The project will help me develop new data and skills instrumental to achieving my career goals in academia after the fellowship. I will be hosted in the conservation group at the University of Cambridge, under supervision of Professor Andrew Balmford who is one of the world’s leading conservation scientist and an expert on how to understand human pressure in relation to biodiversity. Professor Neil Burgess will be my supervisor while seconded at WCMC. He is a world leading expert on management effectiveness and has years of experience working on pressure and PAs. This proposal represents a frontier in conservation science and is of very high relevance to the EU and global conservation policy.

Mots clés : protected area, management effectiveness, pressure, threat, counterfactual

Participants :
- University of Cambridge (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet STARNANO (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Humans and the environment are simultaneously exposed to a plethora of pollutants. Nanomaterials (NMs) constitute a new class of substances with very particular physico-chemical properties whose use is steadily increasing a wide variety of products. Significant advances have been made in the field of NM toxicology, however most studies fail to consider the influence of NMs on the effects of other substances that co-exist in the environment and in particular the long term effects of these mixtures. In vitro approaches, particularly those allowing long term exposures as three dimensional (3D) cell cultures can generate essential information on the mechanisms underlying the toxicity of very low, environmentally realistic, concentrations of substances that only cause effects after long periods of exposure. The central objective of this proposal is to study the combined effects of NMs and pre-existing chemicals widely distributed in the environment using 3D cell cultures and long-term exposures to perform appropriate assessment of the effects associated with nanotechnology products. Achieving this outcome, the present project will provide an insight into the intracellular fate of NM, the transfer of NMs from cell to cell, and the effects of the combination of NM-organic substances. This information will support the safe and sustainable use of NMs as carriers of other substances (e.g. pesticides or antibiotics) in agriculture or livestock farming. This project addresses some important areas on the ecotoxicity of NMs declared as needed within the framework of REACH regulation. The topic of this project is directly related to the Social Challenges (agriculture, environment and health) and Industrial Leadership (nanotechnology) strategic policy objectives of Horizon 2020 programme. Moreover, the use of this experimental approach is requested under the call for “Science-based risk assessment and management of nanotechnologies” of the above mentioned work programme.

Mots clés : environment and health risk

Participants :
- Spanish National Research Council (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 158121.6 €
Projet NTS-EXPOSURE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Humans are continuously exposed to toxicants by different routes, with potentially adverse effects on human health. Monitoring population exposure is a crucial part of public health programs and human biomonitoring (HBM) is the most widely used and powerful tool to evaluate the exposure of a population. These data are vital for health impact assessment and to support environmental and health policy-making in public health programs. However, novel approaches are needed in order to give additional information on exposure at population level and overcome the limitations of HBM studies. In this project, an innovative approach, called Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE), is proposed as an alternative “biomonitoring tool” for the retrieval of epidemiological information from wastewater through the analysis of specific human urinary metabolites (biomarkers). Although WBE has been studied the last fifteen years, its application has been limited to target analytical methods and a few classes of compounds (i.e. illicit drugs). New methodologies such as the powerful high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) technique can opens new perspectives in the WBE field. The unique characteristics of HRMS combined with the potential of the WBE approach can give us the capability to provide valuable information for public health. Indeed, influent wastewater contains a wide range of chemical information about biological processes of the human body, which can be explored by the latest advances of HRMS and provide crucial data. The main objective is to develop non-target screening analytical methods based on HRMS coupled to liquid and gas chromatography that can detect new wastewater biomarkers and assess the collective consumption or exposure to toxicants. This project can establish and implement an integrated chemical analytical-epidemiological approach for the acquirement of crucial information and inform authorities and public health organizations on community health status.


Participants :
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (Grèce) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 248016.0 €
- University of Queensland (Australie) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet AGENT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Humans are very social animals who are able to understand the consequences of their actions on others. Therefore, why is it that some individuals are more likely to choose actions that have negative consequences for others? This project will explore this important question by using an original and innovative approach focusing on the subjective experience of agency and responsibility of individuals when they select a moral or an immoral action, together with their empathic response at the moment of the act. The general aim of the present research project is to refine our understanding of the mechanisms driving both responsibility and empathy and to generate a model that integrates these two aspects to better understand what guides moral behaviours in coercive situations. To achieve this aim, we will use psychophysiology and fMRI techniques to understand how the neural circuits associated with the sense of agency and empathy interact through different experimental paradigms. This project will shed new light on how our self-experience impacts on our moral decisions. In addition to opening new perspectives in social neuroscience and psychology, this project will add theoretical and methodological expertise to my skill-set by providing the most suitable environment, that is, the Social Brain Lab at the Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), for my career development. The NIN will offer: (i) world experts in human empathy with prominent expertise in fMRI and EEG techniques (C. Keysers and V. Gazzola); (ii) all the technical facilities necessary for the success of the present research project, and (iii) a world leading neuroscience community that will contribute to my further training and career prospects.

Mots clés : sense of agency, responsibility, empathy, psychophysiology, fmri acquisition, fmri training

Participants :
- Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 177598.8 €
Projet VOLES (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Humans modify ecosystems to maximise benefits from natural resources and as a result wildlife adapts ecological relationships. For instance, voles show multiannual population cycles and predators respond numerically, possibly limiting vole populations. Voles also damage crops and reduce food available for livestock. Subsequently, farmers respond using anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) to control voles. That means indirect control of predators by secondary exposure or by reduction of food sources. Therefore, ARs will be acting analogously as a superpredator, impeding the natural autoregulation of vole populations. Here the Experienced Researcher will become an ecologist and ecotoxicologist and learn to use cutting-edge Bayesian state space models to determine the superpredator role of ARs in both predator and prey dynamics. To do that, he will work in the Universities of Franche-Comté (UFC, France) and Aberdeen (UNIABDN, UK), the Doubs Hunting Federation (FDC25), but also work hand-in-hand with farmers, stakeholders, etc. about vole populations in western Europe. He will also collaborate with small mammal work groups involved in research about small mammal surges. By combining multidisciplinary and intersectoral knowledge, the project will address the deleterious effect of pest control by poisoning ecosystems. In addition, it will show predation as one underestimated tool for pest control. By direct contact with interested parties, the Experienced Researcher will become fully involved with groups related to the hunting industry, among others, which will enable him to develop consultancy services about small mammal pests and control methods. He will also boost his research carrier and become a senior post-doc dealing with strongly applied issues of ecology and ecotoxicology with strong links between international research institutions, maximising the chances to get a permanent position.

Mots clés : arvicola terrestris, cyclic dynamics, microtus spp, mustela spp, pest control, top down and bottom up processes, secondary exposure, superpredation, vulpes vulpes, western europe

Participants :
- Université Marie et Louis Pasteur (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 173076.0 €
Projet PyroMOF2cat (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Hydrocarbons are the most widely used chemicals and fuels, and are quite accurately, the driving force of occidental social well-being. The major part of hydrocarbons on Earth is found in crude oil. The depletion of the latter while demand for it is increasing, and the geopolitical risk related, boost the use of different hydrocarbon sources. The Fischer Tropsch synthesis (FTS) from ‘syngas’ comprises the exothermic synthesis and WGS reactions to obtain gasoline fraction (C5-C12), hydrocarbons (paraffins and olefins) and oxygenates in a wide range of boiling points, from methane to waxes. Transition metals are typically used in FTS process due to their considerable activity, cobalt being the preferred one due to its higher activity for FTS, selectivity toward linear products, stability, low activity towards water-gas shift (WGS) reaction and low price. Recently, Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising precursors for the synthesis of nanomaterials, due to their unique structure, atomic metal dispersion and textural properties. The goal of this proposal is to design, to control and to apply the MOF mediated synthesis to obtain outstanding cobalt based catalysts for the Fischer Tropsch synthesis, and to set the ground of this potentially universal method for the synthesis of metal supported catalysts. The project will be carried out at Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) within the Catalysis Engineering (CE) section of the Chemical Engineering department (ChemE) and in close collaboration with industry. The resulting catalysts are expected to possess unique catalytic properties by virtue of their controlled synthesis, leading to the preparation of paramount catalysts which will be studied for the first time in the FTS.

Mots clés : mof mediated synthesis, fischer tropsch synthesis, novel catalysts, kinetic modelling, industrial application

Participants :
- Delft University of Technology (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 165598.8 €
Projet GLUCOTOX (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes (T2D) doubles mortality and arises due to failure of pancreatic β-cell insulin secretory function to overcome insulin resistance. Exercise reduces hyperglycaemia by improving insulin sensitivity and β-cell function; however, the variability of this beneficial effect is huge and is associated with high blood glucose and poor insulin secretion. Hyperglycaemia increases interleukin-(IL)1β levels causing β-cell death and insulin secretory dysfunction (glucotoxicity), and these phenomena are all elevated in T2D and are also augmented by IL-6, which alone is not toxic to β-cells. Interestingly, blood IL-6 levels are not only increased in T2D but are also increased following exercise due to secretion from muscle. Therefore the huge variability in the adaptation to exercise may be due to muscle IL-6-induced enhancement of IL-1β-induced β-cell dysfunction. Thus, exercise may be detrimental to T2D patients with β-cell glucotoxicity. Our objective is to determine the independent and interactive roles of IL-6 and IL-1β in the adaptations to exercise in T2D. We will achieve this by integrating the human physiology expertise of the Experienced Researcher with the transgenic mouse model expertise of the Supervisor to create a bench-to-bedside approach from which both the host institution and the experienced researcher will gain from in the future. Innovative muscle-specific IL-6 knockout mouse models and clinical anti-IL-1β drug treatment approaches will be used to ultimately increase the knowledge of how IL-6 and IL-1β interact, making it possible to optimise exercise therapy for all T2D patients, including those who would otherwise be classified as a “non-responder”.

Mots clés : cell function, type 2 diabetes, glucose metabolism, exercise

Participants :
- University of Birmingham (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €