Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet DRAMALANG (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

As European theatre, performance and film artists increasingly invite the diverse languages and language practices of a globalised, decolonial and postmigratory Europe into works across the stage and screen, pressing questions arise concerning the representation of minorities. Dramaturgies for languaging (DRAMALANG) aims to interrogate the core principles and systems driving European multilingual performance, articulate an interdisciplinary methodology for analysing the reproduction of potentially damaging knowledges for minority and low-status language speakers and make suggestions for linguistically sustainable dramaturgies to a new multilingual performance network. DRAMALANG asks the central research question: How are several languages and language practices invited into European dramaturgies to provide access to and legitimise the cultures and knowledges of minoritised and low-status language speakers? The secondary research questions are: How is a lingua franca other than Standard English negotiated in interactions?; and, how do the knowledges about minoritised languages and language practices within a European context rearticulate my findings about Indigenous and migrant languages in the global south? DRAMALANG will take shape at Aarhus University (AU), Denmark, through my observation of multilingual theatre, performance and film artists locally in Denmark and beyond, including Germany, Iceland and Romania. I will develop an interdisciplinary methodology between sociolinguistics and performance studies for analysing the reproduction of knowledge from multilingual dramaturgies and create a multilingual network of scholars and practitioners across the continent. I have pioneered a multilingual methodology like this in the global south. AU provides the necessary disciplinary guidance through the most specialised dramaturgies department in Europe and access to the artistic processes of innovative multilingual European artists through longstanding relationships.

Mots clés : theatre, dramaturgy, multilingual performance, multilingual dramaturgies, knowledges

Participants :
- Université d'Aarhus (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 230774.4 €
Projet Irish identities (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Current political debates relating to Brexit, the Northern Ireland Protocol, and the integration of the Republic of Ireland into the European Union, which reveal the pluralism of Irish identities including European, nationalist, and unionist visions, can be traced back to seventeenth-century reflections on conquest, state-formation, the Reformation, and colonial plantations in Ireland. This project investigates two foundational pieces of the seventeenth-century Irish historical writing: the Irish-language Foras Feasa ar Éirinn by Geoffrey Keating (1580-1644) and the Neo-Latin Cambrensis Eversus by John Lynch (1599-1677). Their narratives defended the history of Ireland from claims by the twelfth-century historian Giraldus Cambrensis about the ‘barbarous’ nature of the Irish people which were utilized by his early modern followers to justify the English conquest of Ireland in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The project asks how and why early modern Irish authors exploited the cultural capital of classical rhetoric, history, and political thought through both Irish and Latin in order to fashion a distinct representation of Irish history, which underlined connections between Ireland and Britain as well as between Ireland and Europe. The results of the study will impact current understanding of the varieties of Irish national discourse as the Irish Republic reflects on a centenary of independence from Britain and on a fiftieth anniversary of its membership of the European Communities. The proposed research would be carried out at Aarhus University which excels in interdisciplinary research on European literature and culture, including Classical languages and culture and their reception in Ireland. AU university will enable me to update my expertise in early modern Irish and Neo-Latin languages and in Classical reception, which is necessary for the completion of this project.

Mots clés : ireland irish identities early modern ireland celtic neo latin classical reception british monarchy

Participants :
- Université d'Aarhus (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 230774.4 €
Projet Cable electricity O2 (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Cable bacteria are centimetre-long, filamentous, multicellular bacteria present ubiquitously in freshwater and marine sediments, and participate in long-distance electron transfer by coupling the oxidation of sulphide in anoxic sediment to the reduction of oxygen. Cable bacteria possess an internal electric grid, enabling them to transport electrons over centimeter-scale distances. This project proposes the cultivation of cable bacteria on electrodes to harness their potential to generate electricity. Further, the development of a switchable bioelectrochemical system altering between electrogenesis and electrotrophy is proposed. Such a device would enable biological power generation and energy storage in a single device, and will be tested to power a microprocessor biologically, enabling development of biodegradable electronics. These experiments would be performed in specialized bioelectrochemical systems by varying the applied potential from positive to negative to induce the switch. Electrochemical interactions of cable bacteria with electrodes will be monitored by amperometry, voltammetry, and impedance spectroscopy. The cables will be integrated into a power management system consisting of a microprocessor chip, a current and voltage-measuring circuitry and a microcontroller to power the microprocessor with electrons obtained from the sediment. Finally, the physiological possibility of dark oxygen generation by cable bacteria in anaerobic sediments will also be explored, that would enable the use of cables as intermediates to convert any aerobic microbe into an electrogen. This mechanism will potentially uncover an unknown mode of oxygen production and usher in a completely new understanding of oxygen transport through the oxic-anoxic interface. The project bridges the applied and fundamental by probing cable bacteria electrophysiology to develop robust applications that will enable sustainable power generation.

Mots clés : electromicrobiology

Participants :
- Université d'Aarhus (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 214934.4 €
Projet CAD (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The focus of this project is what it is for an agent to be able to make a decision, and when we should count them as being able to do so. This is a question that has received sustained attention throughout the history of philosophy, and there are many different theories and models of decision-making on offer. Different views of decision-making can have huge practical impact: in various legal and medical contexts, decision-making capacity is assessed in order to determine how people are viewed and treated, including whether they are fit to stand trial, have the right to refuse medical treatment, or are viewed as criminally responsible.  Drawing on a range of philosophical, psychological, cognitive scientific, and psychiatric literature, this project will aim to evaluate different philosophical theories of decision-making. The novel contribution of this project, and its particular methodological focus, will be to focus on assessing theories of decision-making by their practical impact - an important, but often-neglected metric for assessing philosophical theories and concepts.  As well as further elucidating and clarifying the core question of the nature of decision-making, two key benefits of this project are envisaged. First, a substantive contribution to the question of how decision-making ought to be assessed in the relevant legal and medical contexts. For example, one key focus of the project will be the neglect of external influences (social and environmental) in facilitating decision-making, where currently in many contexts they are treated solely as potential hinderances. Secondly, the project will bring recent work in philosophy of science on 'pluralism' to bear on the question of how legal frameworks and decisions are and ought to be informed by relevant scientific and empirical research and expertise, given their different focuses, goals, and explanatory interests and the impact that this has on their conceptualizations of relevant phenomena.

Mots clés : decision making decision making capacity medicine psychiatry mental capacity mental competence

Participants :
- Université d'Aarhus (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 214934.4 €
Projet RHAPPLE (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

As much as 50% of the fruits and vegetables produced globally are wasted, and so are their valuable nutrients. Fruit and vegetable waste mostly consists of primary plant cell walls, which are fibrous and recalcitrant composites of a load-bearing cellulose-cross-linking glycan network as being embedded in a more soluble matrix of polysaccharides, with pectin being the most abundant class of macromolecule within this matrix. Crude pectin extracts are used for a variety of food applications. While the functionality of pectin is sufficient for most current applications, the contribution of different pectic molecules, or structures within the same molecule, to its functionality is still poorly understood, as some structural elements are susceptible to degradation by common pectin extraction procedures. Galactose, rhamnose and arabinose, which form the rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) hairy region within pectin molecules, are acid-labile, explaining the extensive debranching during conventional extraction methods and the low amounts of RG-I in current pectic ingredients. RHAPPLE aims to explore a novel biotechnological route for the selective isolation of intact RG-I from our designated model system apple pomace. We will investigate the application of yeasts that have been genetically modified to secrete a set of enzymes degrading other plant cell wall polysaccharides. We subsequently aim to provide the crucial knowledge on the structure-function relationships of RG-I and unlock its use as hydrocolloid, binding platform, and prebiotic. RHAPPLE is thus a cross-disciplinary project, involving microbiology, molecular biology and physico-chemistry tools. Our fundamental research within precision fermentation will position RG-I as one of the most promising hydrocolloids and prebiotics in the food sector and will help to raise awareness for the loss of valuable compounds by wasting plant processing by- and co-products.

Mots clés : pectin, fermentation, enzymes, food biotechnology, rhamnogalacturonan, food waste, gut microbiome, dietary fiber

Participants :
- Université d'Aarhus (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 214934.4 €
Projet PoMAM (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Despite 70% of people are going to experience a traumatic event throughout life, only 3.9% are going to develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Curiously, people who develop PTSD also present a higher risk of developing Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Thus, 50-70% of PTSD patients will live with a diagnostic of MDD, which in terms of prognosis means poor response to treatment and worse symptomatology. Despite the clinical relevance of this comorbidity, it remains unknown if there are shared molecular mechanisms. Impairments in fear memory and learning were related to PTSD and MDD, in association with atrophy and synaptic loss in the hippocampus (HPC). In turn, the HPC plays a crucial role in fear memory, encoding the contextual information related to the fearful stimulus. Thus, we propose that maladaptive fear memory due to hippocampal dysfunction can also contribute to MDD, explaining the high co-morbidity between PTSD and MDD. Importantly, preclinical research focus on fear memory have provided us with promising knowledge for potential PTSD therapeutics. For instance, the regulation of glucocorticoids in the “golden hours” after trauma to prevent memory consolidation, the use of beta-adrenergic blockers to disrupt consolidated memories, or different psychotherapeutic approaches to enhanced memory extinction. Recently, the advances with chemo- and optogenetic technics have allowed the identification and functional modulation of neurons involved in encoding a specific memory (engrams), thereby allowing a highly refined study of memory substrates. Despite these advances, the use of such approaches in genetic animal models for the study of psychiatric comorbidities is still poorly explored. We believe that this combination can bring new insights and methodological possibilities for the field. In parallel, increase our understanding about the basis of PTSD and MDD can provide new therapeutical targets with direct implications for human health.

Mots clés : maladaptive memory, hippocampus

Participants :
- Université d'Aarhus (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 230774.4 €
Projet TypeSynth (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

TypeSynth: Synthetic Methods in Program Verification  Software systems mediate a growing proportion of human activity, e.g. communication, transport, medicine, industrial and agricultural production, etc. As a result, it is urgent to understand and better control both the correctness and security properties of these increasingly complex software systems. The diversity of verification requirements speaks to a need for models of program execution that smoothly interpolate between many different levels of abstraction.  Models of program execution vary in expressiveness along the spectrum of possible programming languages and specification logics. At one extreme, dependent type theory is a language for mathematically-inspired functional programming that is sufficiently expressive to serve as its own specification logic. Dependent type theory has struggled, however, to incorporate several computational effects that are common in every-day programming languages, such as state and concurrency. Languages that support these features require very sophisticated specification logics due to the myriad details that must be surfaced in their semantic models.  In the context of dependent type theory, I have recently developed a new technique called Synthetic Tait Computability or STC that smoothly combines multiple levels of abstraction into a single language. Inspired by sophisticated mathematical techniques invented in topos theory and category theory for entirely different purposes, STC enables low-level details (even down to execution steps) to be manipulated in a simpler and more abstract way than ever before, making them easier to control mathematically. Perhaps more importantly, the STC method makes it possible to import ideas and techniques from other fields that seemed more distant prior to my intervention.  The goal of the TypeSynth project is to extend the successful STC approach to a wider class of programming models, in particular programming languages with effects.

Mots clés : programming languages, logical relations, semantics, denotational, category theory, topos theory, computational effects, proof assistants, type theory, compositionality

Participants :
- Université d'Aarhus (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 214934.4 €
Projet ThalamicAttention (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The project examines the role of the thalamus in attention gain modulation by recording brain signal in response to rhythmic auditory and visual stimulation with non-invasive magnetoencephalography. The thalamus is a critical early structure modulating attention gain in the auditory and visual stream. However, underlying mechanisms are poorly understood not least because thalamic processes are extremely difficult to capture with non-invasive electrophysiological methods. Therefore, this project incorporates a significant methods development element to improve source localization to obtain superior signals especially from deep sources. I will employ fast rhythmic stimulation in a dual visual-auditory paradigm to track attention modulation especially in the thalamus, but also in early sensory areas like the retina and the early visual and auditory cortices. While thalamic impact on attention modulation within a modality is thought to be weak, I hypothesize that its structure and place within early sensory processing make it a prime candidate for selective attention modulation between different modalities - when attention selection can happen in very early processing stages. Results from this project will allow better understanding of how selective attention modulates and thus filters information across the visual stream in a more realistic multi-modal setting. In addition, the development of an improved source localization pipeline will help tap into deep cortical sources in particular and provide better source localization of non-invasive electrophysiological signals in general. Therefore, it will benefit non-invasive cognitive neuroscience (e.g. hippocampal activity), nad also clinical research (e.g. epileptic seizure zone detection). Finally, this project will provide me with exceptional means to learn from world-leading scientists at Aarhus University and the University of Lubeck and thus form an important steppingstone towards becoming an independent scientist.

Mots clés : magnetoencephalography, attention, neuronal oscillations, visual processing, auditory processing, source localization, beamforming, volume conduction model

Participants :
- Université d'Aarhus (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 230774.4 €
Projet SenAgeBiomech (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Skin ageing is characterized by structural changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) that impair the mechanical properties of the tissue, such as elasticity and stiffness. A key driver of tissue and organismal ageing is cellular senescence, a state of irreversible cell-cycle arrest that triggers functional, metabolic and morphological changes. The accumulation of senescent fibroblasts in the dermis leads to impaired ECM remodelling and contributes to the mechanical decline associated with skin ageing.  This project will explore how senescence influences the biomechanical characteristics of skin, focusing on changes in cell-ECM attachment. Building on my own prior observations that senescence is associated with increased cell-ECM attachment – evidenced by larger focal adhesions and elevated adhesion forces, I will extend this analysis across multiple tissues and establish it as a hallmark of senescence. Next, I will investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying enhanced senescent cell attachment by analysing surface proteomics, the composition of focal adhesions, and the role of mTORC1 hyperactivity. Alongside, I will develop a 3D hydrogel model mimicking aged dermal ECM to enable functional studies of senescent cells under physiologically relevant conditions. Lastly, I will assess potential treatments to promote cell migration and ECM remodelling in vitro. By integrating molecular, cellular, and biomechanical approaches, this project aims to deepen our understanding of skin ageing mechanisms, paving the way for novel therapeutic strategies to maintain skin health throughout the lifecourse.

Mots clés : senescence, cell ecm interactions, mtorc1, aged dermis, 3d hydrogel, ecm remodelling

Participants :
- Université de Bristol (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 276187.92 €
Projet DeuterostomeOrigin (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Deuterostomes are a major group of animals that include creatures as diverse as sea stars, acorn worms, and humans. Though seeming very different, these animals have long been grouped together taxonomically and the nature of their ancient ancestor has been greatly controversial. However, new research suggests that the deuterostome grouping might be false, leaving our understanding of their evolutionary relationships and evolutionary origins in complete disarray. I propose to resolve this controversy through joint analysis of genomic data and anatomical data from living animals and exceptionally preserved fossils from the Cambrian (520 million years old) that can directly inform on the nature of ancient deuterostomes. Realising the evolutionary significance of the fossils requires we resolve their phylogenetic affinity, which can only be achieved by elucidating their fine anatomy. My proposal focuses on three groups of Cambrian deuterostome fossils, myllokunmingids, yunnanozoans, and vetulicolians, from the Chengjiang UNESCO World Heritage fossil site, which I will integrate into a holistic synthetic family tree of deuterostomes to understand how their anatomical and physiological features evolved over time. For this, I will employ multiple state-of-the-art technologies to reveal the high-resolution histological information of the fossils, including spectrometry, electron microscopy, and computed tomography. The latest methods for phylogenetic analysis and ancestral state estimation will be used to construct the evolutionary tree and infer character evolution. Together, these work packages will allow me to resolve debates on the evolutionary relationships of deuterostomes and the evolution of their disparate bodyplans. The training will help me make the transition from a fossil-focusing palaeontologist, to an independent interdisciplinary palaeobiologist comfortable with the joint analysis of living and fossil species based on the anatomical and genomic data.

Mots clés : fossil, deuterostomes, cambrian, chengjiang biota, macroevolution

Participants :
- Université d'Oxford (Royaume-Uni) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Université de Bristol (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 276187.92 €