Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet MADE-TEC (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Articular cartilage (AC) is a connective tissue that is essential for smooth movement of our joints. Damage to AC leads to a debilitating joint disease called osteoarthritis (OA), which can cause severe restriction of joint movement and overall mobility. Currently, there are more than 40 million Europeans who are affected by OA. Tissue engineering approaches present promising treatment strategy through the replacement of the damaged tissues with tissue-engineered (TE) constructs. Although the current paradigm is to produce a cell-seeded biomaterial that matches the properties of the native tissue, such biomaterial may hinder growth and discourage replacement of the supportive biomaterials by newly synthesized proteins. Current TE constructs integrate poorly with the host tissue, with problems of interfacial gaps and compositional discontinuity, thus impeding their translation to the clinic. As cartilage cells are mechano-sensitive, we hypothesize that the mechanical signals conducive to cell biosynthesis can improve functional integration of TE constructs into host cartilage, and such mechanical signals can be tuned through carefully-designed TE constructs with optimal distribution of material stiffness and cell density. The aim of this research is to develop an advanced computational model that can simulate the biomechanical and growth behaviours of TE constructs and the host cartilage, and to use this model to determine optimal TE construct design that allows for functional integration into the host cartilage. The numerically-determined optimal design will be validated by state-of-the-art bioprinting technology and bioreactor testing. This computational biomechanical growth model will be the first-of-its kind as it can accelerate the design process and improve the performance of the TE constructs. This novel model can make a long-term impact on personalized design of TE constructs and have a high potential to advance the TE technique towards clinical translation.

Mots clés : post traumatic osteoarthritis, articular cartilage, biomechanics of soft tissues and cells, finite element modelling, biofabrication, mechanobiology, integration, growth model

Participants :
- University of Eastern Finland (Finlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 190680.96 €
Projet CREAMT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Artificial Intelligence and Neural Machine Translation (MT) are at the forefront of the technology advances and are becoming ubiquitous in society. As automation increases, creativity is continuously referred as the characteristic that will differentiate us from machines. However, there is a need to understand what is meant by creativity in different contexts, and how technology impacts society in this regard. Focusing on the textual elements that determine creativity in translated literary texts and the reader experience, CREAMT uses a novel, interdisciplinary approach to assess how effective MT is in literary translation considering the ultimate user: the reader. Research has shed some light on the usability of MT in literary texts showing that it might help translators, when it comes to productivity. However, translators’ perception is that the “more creative” the literary text, the less useful MT is. But can we quantify the creativity in texts translated by humans as opposed to those produced with the aid of machines? And what is the reader’s experience when faced with machine-translated texts? Do users exposed to different translation modalities have different reading experiences? With this fellowship, I will analyse the creative aspect of literary texts translated using three modalities: MT, human translation and MT post-editing. CREAMT will quantify the reader’s experience using methodologies from Psychology, Communication and Literary Studies. This fellowship will take place in the Computational Linguistics group in the Faculty of Arts at University of Groningen under the supervision of Dr. Antonio Toral who is leading the research on MT applied to literary texts. I have also planned a one-month secondment at the Film, Media and Visual Studies at University of Augsburg with the supervision of Prof. Helena Bilandzic who is an expert in the field of narrative experience and persuasion focusing mostly on entertainment narratives.

Mots clés : neural machine translation, narrative engagement, creativity, creative shifts, literary translation, translation, studies, computational linguistics, digital humanities

Participants :
- University of Groningen (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 175572.48 €
Projet CSDP (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Artificial cells are synthetic compartments that are able to mimic one or more properties of natural cells and provide valuable avenues for the study of fundamental cellular functions. However, thus far there are no examples of synthetic systems/materials that can achieve self-replication. Therefore the key aim of this project is to create artificial self-dividing protocells. I will build a platform that combines synthetic chemistry, cell biology and microfluidics to prepare cell-like systems. Monodisperse picoliter multiple all-aqueous droplet systems (e.g., liposomes) generated by microfluidics will be utilized to construct self-dividing protocells. To achieve division, the so-called Z-ring of the bacterial divisome will be incorporated in droplets, together with an energy-generation system. I have extensive experience in microfluidics research and especially in the preparation of multiple emulsions with complex compartments, which I will exploit in this project. At Radboud University (RU), I will obtain new skills and expertise in biochemistry and biology such as in vitro gene expression, chemical reaction networks, and bottom-up synthetic biology. Importantly, the reconstitution of an artificial cell divisome would lead to a deeper understanding of the biophysical principles of cellular behavior and will be the most fundamental step towards construction of artificial cells. I believe this in vitro reconstituted system provides a revolutionary new platform for biomimetic research.

Mots clés : artificial cells, self dividing protocells, multiple emulsion, droplet microfluidics, all aqueous droplet systemms, liposomes, z ring, in vitro generation of gtp, bottom up synthetic biology

Participants :
- Radboud University Nijmegen (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 177598.8 €
Projet TRIMANUAL (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Artificial supernumerary limbs (SL) that assist their user with minimal cognitive effort and can be seamlessly controlled both independently and also in combination with their natural limbs, are a popular vision of science fiction. The realisation of this vision could revolutionise industry and surgery, by allowing individuals to achieve actions that are otherwise impossible with only their own natural limbs. Furthermore, SLs could have profound impact on the lives of the disabled, by replacing or restoring the functionality of an impaired limb. While the study and evaluation of robotic limbs is well established, their usage as artificial SLs has been limited by restrictive control user interfaces, the lack of a control framework for coordinated trimanual operation, and incomplete sensory feedback. For SLs to become a functional technology for everyday life they need to provide continuous real-time interfaces with simultaneous feedback and control of the different degrees of freedom so that the user can both uniquely, without confusion, identify the mechanism's position/force and control the SL such that it can act independent of and in combined behaviours with the user's other limbs. To tackle this ambitious goal, I have contacted pioneers with key technology in the emerging field of SL research. In collaboration with them, I will in TRIMANUAL: (i) Push the borders of SL technology by integrating high density EMG and vibrotactile sensory feedback into existing robotic devices to allow for intuitive and effortless SL control in real-time; (ii) Understand the cognitive underpinnings of SL usage by studying how they can be controlled and embodied for both independent operation and coordinated behaviours with the natural limbs; (iii) Apply and demonstrate SLs using the highly relevant medical application of supporting daily activities in stroke patients.

Mots clés : articial supernumerary limbs, null space control, embodiment, bimanual and trimanual behaviours

Participants :
- Imperial College London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet VIAMEDIAITALICA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

As Europe enters the third decade of the 21st Century, moderation is a concept in crisis. Extremism, radicalism and ideological conflict are judged to be in the ascendant, while the moderate middle of political landscapes in a range of European countries has been physically vacated and conceptually hollowed out. This project offers a contribution to the history of moderation as an idea, as a practice, and as a virtue. Modern understandings of moderation were established in the 18th Century, through the fusing of classical and Christian concepts in a new intellectual-religious and political-economic environment. VIA MEDIA ITALICA offers an intellectual historical study of the moderate strata on the Italian peninsula in the first half of the 18th Century, the early Enlightenment. The ambition is to establish moderation as a practice and as a virtue in three different contexts: political moderation; scholarly, or epistemic, moderation; and religious moderation. Each of these contexts will be explored through a networked set of case-studies, founded upon extensive archival research, and orientated around key texts, institutions and thinkers. These three contexts will also be elaborated through a study of Lodovico Antonio Muratori as a religious, scholarly and political thinker, and reinterpreted as a theorist of moderation. This project will offer: a ‘bottom-up’ reinterpretation of the intellectual culture of the Italian peninsula between 1700 and 1750; a new reading of the contributions of L.A. Muratori to the European Enlightenment; and an interrogation of the concept of moderation as a historical and contemporary idea and practice. This project plays an essential role in the researcher’s maturation into an international, independent and interdisciplinary historian of early modern Europe. It also supports his development into a public-facing scholar, through a range of training schemes and the realisation of an extensive programme of public-orientated events.

Mots clés : early modern history, european history, italian history, history of scholarship, history of religion, history of historiography, enlightenment studies, moderation, via media, history of institutions

Participants :
- Newcastle University (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 224933.76 €
Projet SUPER-Lion (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

As a rechargeable energy source lithium ion batteries (LIB) with a solid-state electrolyte is a highly desired option compared to LIB with liquid electrolytes due to several advantages, such as improved safety and extended lifetime, in addition to enabling devices with both high energy and power densities. However, despite an extensive research effort in this field development of all-solid-state batteries have not yet started to reached its full potential, largely because of the lack of suitable electrolyte candidate materials that offers both high ionic conductivity and good electrochemical stability. We propose, within SUPER-Lion, the use of a novel nano composite electrolyte (NCE) that would enable solid-state LIB to reach their full potential, achieving both high ionic conductivities, combined with good mechanical and electrochemical stability. The NCE consists of a nanoporous insulator that provides both mechanical stability and a high effective internal surface area. The internal surface of the nanoporous matrix is coated with nanometer thin layers of a lithium salt that supply the necessary Li+ ions. The enhanced ion transport at the interface between the surface of the insulator and the lithium salt is exploited to make a NCE with high ion conductivity. By exploiting the effect of nanoconfinment the ionic conductivity of such interfaces can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude through an effect described as superionic transitions. The NCE will be manufactured through the combination of atomic layer deposition (ALD) and molecular layer deposition (MLD). Due to the self-limiting nature of the ALD/MLD technique it is perfect for deposition of thin layers where uniformity, subatomic thickness control and high quality films are of utter most importance. The ALD/MLD technique also enables the NCE to be deposited on 3D structured electrodes with high aspect ratios, thus enabling a further increase in the power and energy density of all-solid state batteries.

Mots clés : lithium ion batteries, solid state, composite materials, electrolyte, thin films, ionic conductivity, atomic layer deposition

Participants :
- IMEC (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 144000.0 €
Projet ENSURE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

As a result of climate change, growing population and development, mountainous regions are facing increasing frequency of landslides resulting in destructive impacts on infrastructure, human and natural resources. Thus, reliable methods for predicting landslides and their runout distances are required. Landslides are often modelled as granular slides. Currently, the runout distance of such granular slides cannot be reliably predicted from laboratory-based studies due to so-called scale effects (i.e. differences in slide characteristics when the size/scale is reduced in the laboratory compared to the event in nature). This results in a dangerous underprediction of the runout distance or requires expensive large-scale or numerical investigations. A talented female researcher is addressing this challenge in this ENSURE project in collaboration with an internationally recognised pioneer researcher in this research topic. The primary goal of ENSURE is to provide a full physical understanding and quantification of scale effects in granular slides through economically efficient laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. A secondary goal is to develop a reliable upscaling method accounting for scale effects in granular slides that links laboratory-scale properties with field-scale events to ensure the predictive capability of laboratory experiments. ENSURE is an integrated implementation platform of an “innovation-justification-application from lab-to-field” approach to elucidate the critical phenomenon of granular slides by fully understanding the physical reasons for scale effects for the first time, which is essential for landslide hazard assessment. Further, the researcher will undergo a training-through-research program, a special career development agenda is designed to achieve core scientific skills and advancements, complementary skills as well as transferable skills. The outcome will ultimately contribute to the future mountainous urbanisation planning.

Mots clés : granular slides, laboratory experiments, landslides, numerical modelling, scale effects

Participants :
- University of Nottingham (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 224933.76 €
Projet ITHACA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

As climate change impacts intensify, the number of people moving both within and across borders is likely to increase. Whilst research has focused on individual- or household-level migration, much less is understood about planned relocation (PR) - a government-led strategy in which a community is resettled to another location within the country to avoid climate risk. PR in Europe remains largely framed as an ad hoc response in post-disaster settings. Yet, as climate change is projected to increase coastal and river flood risk, governments will be required to shift from supporting emergency solutions to managing strategic approaches to protect their citizens. My project aims at uncovering and theorising the distinct institutional and governance challenges in the anticipatory and strategic employment of PR in a changing climate. By focusing on the interface between traditional approaches to PR and transformational adaptation strategies, I will identify how the current PR and climate adaptation policy and governance landscapes should be innovated to integrate PR into long-term resilient development in Europe. I will employ a ‘Comparative Case Study’ approach to study the emerging policy and practice of PR as adaptation in the Po river basin (IT) and identify enablers and constraints for transformational change. I will rely on a three-pronged data collection strategy consisting of historical analysis, content analysis and interviews with stakeholders at the basin, national and international levels. Based on the literature on transformational adaptation and the evidence from the Italian case study, I will develop a conceptual framework for governing climate-induced PR, which will be tested and refined in the shadow case of government-led relocation in the Austrian upper Danube. The project seeks to energise academic attention on PR as a form of human mobility in the context of climate change, and stimulate discussion around its strategic employment in Europe.

Mots clés : climate change adaptation, disaster risk reduction, loss and damage, human mobility, governance

Participants :
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 174167.04 €
Projet HALSPA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

As in other cases of language shift, many traditional agricultural tools and practices in Palestinian Arabic are referred to by Hebrew and Aramaic substrate words. Studies dedicated to their identification face two challenges. The first relates to the methodology of substrate words’ identification which is particularly acute if the supplanting and the supplanted languages are genetically related, as in the case of the Hebrew → Aramaic → Palestinian Arabic linguistic continuum in the Holy Land. The second challenge requires linguists to have a deep understanding of the traditional agricultural world to which numerous substrate words belong. The detection, identification, and analysis of substrate words in Palestinian Arabic are still far from being complete. Based on a multidisciplinary approach and solid criteria for identifying substrate words developed in my PhD, the project aims to identify and visualize substrate words in Palestinian Arabic from both linguistic and ethno-material perspectives. ‘Hebrew and Aramaic Lexical Substrate of Palestinian Arabic’ (HALSPA) will be based on Gustaf Dalman’s monumental Arbeit und Sitte in Palästina, an extensive description of pre-modern Palestinian agricultural life and customs. It will feature two parts: I. an Etymological Dictionary; II. an Annotated Pictorial Atlas. The Dictionary will encompass circa 100 roots organized alphabetically and include etymological references from Palestinian Arabic and adjacent Arabic dialects, various forms of Aramaic (old and new) and, where applicable, Biblical and Rabbinic Hebrew. The Pictorial Atlas will be organized by basic semantic fields of substrate words linked to the traditional agricultural world. Identification of substrate words in Palestinian Arabic is of value to multiple disciplines. HALSPA is meant to become a standard reference for broad audiences: Semitic linguists, scholars of the Bible and the Talmud, archaeologists, and researchers of Middle Eastern material culture.

Mots clés : semitic historical linguistics, contact linguistics, substrate, arabic dialectology, palestinian arabic, middle aramaic, aramaic dialectology, biblical and rabbinic hebrew, palestinian ethnography

Participants :
- Tel Aviv University (Israël) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 278196.48 €
Projet STREAM (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

As migratory movements surge around the world, Greece and Mexico, two countries located at the doorstep of Europe and the United States, face the challenges of demographic changes. Among the many effects of migration on these nations, the presence of the migrant ‘other’ poses an interesting question: can the visual presence of otherness become a looking glass to redefines national ethos? STREAM anthropologically explores this conundrum by looking at different types of images, formal and informal, photographic, artistic, religious, animated and more – connected to migration, and to the figure of the migrant in both places. The comparison between these two nations is informed by their position as buffer zones on central migration routes and a similar geopolitical position, which is emblematic of the unequal political dynamics that separate the Global North from the Global South. Making a comparative analysis of these two countries through the examples of two regions, Crete and Oaxaca, which are at the forefront of migration flows, and are characterized by their relative independence from central governments as well as their status of internal "other", this study unlocks a sideway window into national imaginings. To do so, this research asks the following research questions: (1) Which kind of national imaginaries emerge when looking at images of migration? (2) What do these images reveal about local perceptions of national representation? (3) To what extent does this dialectical relation between nation and migration, seen through visual media, illuminate wider political international dynamics? Ultimately, STREAM’s objective is to generate innovative comparative research to enhance our understanding of the socio-political impact of images in reshaping national imaginings.

Mots clés : nationalism, migration, visual and mulitmodal, anthropology, mexico, greece

Participants :
- Panteion University (Grèce) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 241808.64 €
- Harvard University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €