Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet DEXCORE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Every aspect of the ancient world depended on the control and exploitation of the countryside, but scholars have until recently failed to engage with an abundant and detailed material on the subject: the legal texts of the Digest. The thought of the Roman jurists constituted a powerful model for all the minor and local institutions and legal documentation reveals not only rules, but also actual practices and issues of unquestionable historical interest. Amongst the significant amount of legal texts concerning the countryside, the issues of water sharing and that of erosion and flood risks management are particularly well represented, constituting a key element of an essential aspect of the ancient economy, i.e. the agricultural production. However, an overall underestimation has led to a serious insufficiency of methodology concerning these texts, an evident obstacle to its exploitation in a historical perspective. This research proposes to demonstrate how relevant the study of Roman law is for our knowledge of the Roman countryside, by confronting the strikingly unexplored jurisprudential documentation with more traditionally exploited archaeological and environmental sources. The focus on water control is motivated by a will to concentrate on a crucial condition of the exploitation of the countryside, which has raised sufficient interest from the ancient jurists themselves, as well as from the scholars in the past decades, so as to generate enough primary and secondary sources for us to consider. The objective is twofold: first, to establish a clear and consistent methodology for the historical study of the jurisprudential sources; second, to apply it to case studies in order to produce new insights into a fundamental issue of the Roman world.

Mots clés : ancient agriculture, economy, water management, roman law, digest

Participants :
- University of Oxford (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet eBORDER (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Staff Exchanges
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Every year a large number of visitors enter the European Union (EU) by cars, buses, trains or ships through land-border crossing points or sea ports bringing significant economic benefits; in particular, 9% of Europe’s GDP comes from tourism. This trend is set to continue, as Europe further considers visa liberalization agreements in a bid to sustain their competitive stance in the global tourism market. This will create major implications on the security and border management in the EU, as well as diminishing the Quality of Experience for passenger travel. Existing directives for controlling border crossing is to conduct checks using biometric data in conjunction with VIS (Visa Information Systems), as specified in the Schengen Border Code. However, current biometric systems rely on one mode of biometric data, that can at times can lead to false identification, in particular under uncontrolled conditions during live sample acquisition. Moreover, the current crop of scanning devices are limited in coverage and typically have fixed links, thus confining the range of border control applications and compromising the comfort of passengers. We aim to go beyond and propose an innovative passenger-centric biometric system that authenticates “on the fly”. We combine the scientific field of wireless security, biometric recognition and data fusion to develop a secure and wireless multimodal biometric scanning device for passenger verification targeting land and sea border control applications. The research approach is the basis for a RISE training action that we refer to as eBORDER, that is foreseen to enhance both the career potential of staff members and innovation capacity at the institutional level. In this context, this action brings together key players from industry and academia with complementary expertise on security, biometrics, data fusion and practical experimentation to train staff by research through intersectorial and international staff exchanges.

Mots clés : biometric verification, facial recognition, fingerprint recognition, data fusion, wireless security

Participants :
- Acticom gmbh (Allemagne) — Partner, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 211600.0 €
- University of Patras (Grèce) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 184000.0 €
- Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 207000.0 €
- Iquadrat (Spain) (Espagne) — Partner, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 239200.0 €
- University of Bradford (Royaume-Uni) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 184000.0 €
Projet VISMEM (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Evidence shows that violence in urban areas affects women of all ages, socio economic and cultural backgrounds in particular (WHO 2014). The immediate and extensive costs of violence targeting women perpetuate the existing gender hierarchies by setting boundaries on women’s movement, mobility, presence: that is, on their use of urban space. In addition to restrictions in mainstream social life, gendered violence is a systemic source of experiencing helplessness, humiliation, and distress which overall are a fundamental component of women’s wellbeing. VISMEM will investigate the impact of place-based memories of violence among diverse women for their use of urban space, and interrogate the utility of visual methods for understanding that impact. More precisely, the study uses visual methods to explore diverse women’s everyday negotiations of space in Istanbul, focusing in particular on their movements in relation to three research sites where forms of violence against women have occurred. VISMEM’s overall objective is to develop a conceptual framework and visual tools for multisector policy and research engagement with memory as a key means to locate, assess, and ameliorate women's differential experience of violence and wellbeing in the city. Women in different social and spatial settings remember (and forget) the physical and mental effects of violence through personal experience and through popular accounts of its effects. The differential workings of memory in turn have implications on the lived experiences and wellbeing of a city's current (and future) residents/visitors. Yet, the nexus of memory, place, gender remains disconnected from the multisector urban agenda on difference, inclusion, and wellbeing. VISMEM will provide transferable knowledge and policy-related results on the relation between gendered violence, memory, and will greatly improve our understanding of place memory as a focus in achieving gender-goals in urban social and spatial integration.

Mots clés : gender, memory, place, visual methods, wellbeing, gender related violence, urban policy, social inclusion, diversity

Participants :
- University of Oxford (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 81439.5 €
- The Open University (Royaume-Uni) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 114015.3 €
Projet Exo-C (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Exoplanet science is a young and rapidly growing field of Astrophysics. One element crucial to advancing progress in the field is the analysis of exoplanet atmospheres, which carry unique information about the composition, birth and evolution of the planets. Exoplanets host clouds and haze that can mask the information imprinted in the planets’ atmospheres. Just as on Solar System planets, therefore, in order to successfully characterize exoplanets, understanding how clouds and haze form and their impact on atmospheric observables is essential. Motivated by these ideas, Exo-C will break new ground on three related aspects, namely: [1] the formation of upper-atmospheric haze through both neutral but also ion photochemistry; [2] the dispersion of haze through the atmosphere as transported by planet-wise winds; [3] the impact of cloud patterns on the net brightness of exoplanets. The Host Group is currently leading international efforts in exoplanet General Circulation Models (GCMs), as well as in atmospheric characterization; both aspects are key to the project and represent new expertise that will be gained by the Experienced Researcher (ER). The ER himself is well trained in the photochemical and radiative transport modelling of exo- and Solar System planet atmospheres, traits that complement those already existing in the Host Group. The multi-faceted expertise from the involved participants will provide the ideal framework to explore both the inter-disciplinary ideas set out above as well as new ones leading to long-lasting collaborations. The project is particularly timely because GCMs are becoming mature enough to enable comparison between model outputs and measurements in a way that will provide fundamental knowledge about exoplanet atmospheres and modelling capacities. Additionally, clouds and haze provide a critical yet currently missing link between GCMs and observations that the current project will help establish.

Mots clés : exoplanet, atmosphere, cloud, haze, model

Participants :
- University of Exeter (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet REBuILD (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Exosomes are small vesicles released to the extracellular environment by almost every cell type, with important functions in mediating intercellular communication in several physiological processes, including organism development, immune responses, neuronal communication and tissue repair. In addition, these vesicles have attracted much interest from the biomedical research community for their potential as biomarkers for diseases, therapeutic agents and vehicles for drug delivery. Despite this, little is known about the mechanism and molecular players involved in exosome biogenesis and secretion. The aim of this application is to expand our current knowledge on exosome biology and their therapeutic potential. Preliminary results suggest that Transcription Factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis, lysosomal exocytosis and autophagy induction, also controls the expression of various exosome-associated genes. By using mouse and human cells upregulated or knocked-down for TFEB expression, the applicant will establish a role for TFEB in exosome biogenesis, cargo selectivity and secretion. Furthermore, the applicant will determine the role of other TFEB-related cellular pathways, including starvation and Ca2+-related pathways, in regulating exosome formation. Finally, the applicant will explore the therapeutic potential of exosomes in cellular and mouse models of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). Collectively, this application combines both basic research and translational approaches to expand our current understanding of exosome biology and to provide proof of principle for novel therapeutic approaches of rare diseases.

Mots clés : lysosomal storage disorders, exosomes, tfeb

Participants :
- Telethon Foundation (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 180277.2 €
Projet Expectancy (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Expectancy is a major function of the nervous system that prepares the organism to react in a meaningful way to sensory stimulation. Depending on local statistics of patterned sensory stimuli, the nervous system shows preparedness for expected inputs. This allows to respond or not in a short time window by taking into account recent presentations of a similar sensory context. In order to gain insight into the underlying neural coding, I propose to use the vibrissal system of the rat applying controlled sensory inputs. The vibrissal system contains an array of specialized vibrissae as the input stage of an extremely sensitive tactile system. Significant innovation will be the use of a stimulation matrix allowing independent deflection of 24 vibrissae. This novel tool will help to generate short-term expectancies by introducing complex and precisely timed specific sensory inputs. I propose to combine in vivo intracellular and multi-unit extracellular recordings in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) with multi-whisker stimulation. I hypothesize that neural information coding is shaped by the statistics of the time-varying vibrissa contacts. The ability to generate expectancy signals will be compared for repetitive contacts as with natural objects and un-natural sequences to which the system is not preadapted. In addition to the common lightly anesthetized rat preparation, I propose to develop a novel design to record from awake animals. Furthermore, I will assess expectancy using dynamical systems techniques by modeling this process as forced coupled nonlinear oscillators. The proposed project will elucidate how natural tactile patterns are encoded in SI through a comprehensive approach including electrophysiology, sophisticated tactile stimulation and dynamical modeling. It will be the first to clarify the coding principles of predictable sensory inputs generating neuronal expectancies and can provide insight into the general mechanisms of prospective judgment.

Mots clés : expectancy, whisker system, somatosensory system, neural coding

Participants :
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 173076.0 €
Projet NanoPorous DNA-array (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Extra cellular, circulating nucleic acids – such as DNA or RNA – have been found as important biomarkers for identification and diagnosis of cancer and other diseases However, the detection of circulating nucleic acids is non-trivial because they often exist at very low concentrations in large volumes of body fluids. Although many attempts have been tried for the detection of these biomarkers in recent years, including various nanostructure based sensors, there is still no approach in sight that could reach the desired sensitivity. Hence, there is a great need for a sensor which can effectively detect the diagnostically relevant (low) concentrations of circulating nucleic acids with a high degree of selectivity and sensitivity. In this project we propose a new platform for detection of nucleic acids; the aim of this project is to achieve a multi-layered filtering device, which allows effective filtration, purification and detection of biomolecules from complex biofluids. The platform is based on implementation of ultra-high density 3D DNA arrays - which are made on a functionalized nanoporous substrate (nanoporous anodic aluminium oxide) – into a microfluidic device assay (so called FoRe assay, i.e combination of Forward and Reverse assays, which is consist of multiple filters, each capable of capturing specific target biomarkers from different sample). Pores are able capture the target molecules because locally the concentration of even a single target molecule in the pore is sufficient for binding and hybridization. The captured target molecules can then be detected by subsequent specific labeling using DNA-tagged gold nanoparticles (via hybridization), which will allow detection with single molecule sensitivity. If successful, the scalable system will be used as a point-of-care diagnostic platform in the future.

Mots clés : nanoporous materials, dna arrays, gold nanoparticles, filtration, single molecule detection

Participants :
- Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology (Suisse) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 187419.6 €
Projet Exosomes (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Extracellular nanovesicles called “exosomes” are small membrane-bound vesicles that are secreted by a variety of cell types. Exosomes contain various molecular constituents of their cell of origin, incl. proteins and genetic materials. The exosome release pathway contributes towards protein secretion, antigen presentation and pathogen transfer and roles of exosomes in intercellular communications and transfer of materials have been studied in immunology, neurobiology, stem cell and tumor biology. Exosomes are also released into the urine, although their role in urine is unclear and provides the basis of this fellowship. To gain novel information about urinary exosomes, a transdisciplinary approach is required. I will use my current knowledge of qualitative and quantitative proteomics combined with extensive bioinformatics to study urinary and renal exosomes and their ‘cargo’ secreted under normal and pathophysiological conditions. I will combine this information with new ideas and techniques I will learn in my host laboratory to examine rates of exosome secretion and to assess whether exosomes have the capacity to inhibit the growth of bacteria. Methodologies in this fellowship include techniques which I have extensive experience of e.g. large scale proteomic profiling, and novel techniques that I will learn in the host lab to enhance my research portfolio and future career prospects, including cell biological and microbiological techniques and experience in collecting/using samples from patients. The scientific goals of the project are to investigate the underlying mechanisms for regulated exosome secretion and the role of exosomes in innate immunity. As exosomes are secreted from multiple cell types, this study will have major implications for a variety of biology disciplines. The fellowship will develop my career by providing new novel laboratory skills, it will give me greater freedom to independently run a research project and increase my int collaborations.

Mots clés : nanovesicle, exosome, kidney, innate immunity, cell cell communication

Participants :
- Aarhus University (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 200194.8 €
Projet COMPLEX-fastMAS-NMR (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Extrapolating from protein structure to function is an operation difficult to accomplish, as most functions in the cell are not carried out by single proteins, but by macromolecular complexes containing multiple subunits endowed with specific functions. Despite the many advances in structural and biochemical studies of isolated molecules, a comprehensive portrait of cell biochemistry must thus include insights of the supramolecular network of interactions among the individual constituents. The structure determination of large and dynamical protein ensembles presents a great deal of challenges for X-ray diffraction techniques, and for solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) due to the large size of these objects. Consequently, there is little information available today on the overall organization of the assembly subunits, their interactions, and sometimes their precise function within the cell. High-resolution solid-state NMR (ssNMR) has recently developed as a powerful structural tool for studying structure and dynamics of solid biological samples at atomic resolution. A number of issues remain however to be addressed before ssNMR is ready to cope with large-sized multi-domain functional assemblies. The proposed project aims to capitalize on new concepts recently introduced by the host institution, to implement innovative solid-state NMR methodologies. Sophisticated experimental approaches will be introduced at high magnetic field, in combination with ultra-fast magic angle spinning (MAS), enabling the structure characterization of non-crystalline assemblies that cannot be currently carried out by any other experimental technique, and notably, the determination at atomic level of the structural details that govern protein-protein interactions in functional assemblies. As a benchmark, we will tackle the interaction mode of the ring-shaped hexameric DnaB helicase with its partner DnaC, an assembly that controls the origin of the DNA replication in E. coli.

Mots clés : solid state nmr, magic angle spinning, structure determination, e  coli replisome, protein protein interactions, dna replication

Participants :
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 185076.0 €
Projet ANDANTE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Extreme weather and climate events, such as heat waves, droughts and their combinations, are intrinsic aspects of the evolution of the climate system, and they can have substantial environmental and socio-economic impacts. Every extreme event is the result of a superposition of external drivers, natural and anthropogenic, and internal variability. Risk-based or probabilistic extreme event attribution assesses to what extent anthropogenic drivers modify the probability and magnitude, and hence the risk of an extreme event or a class of events to understand regional impacts of climate change. Surface conditions depend on the patterns of atmospheric circulation. Thus, in a specific region human-induced thermodynamic influence can be amplified or counteracted by human-induced change in the atmospheric circulation. The main goal of ANDANTE is to separate human-induced dynamic (i.e. circulation/flow) and thermodynamic contributions to the risk of selected extreme events in Europe and Africa. Since we are dealing with rare events we need large or even better very large ensembles of model simulations (~1,000 members) to do the flow-conditional probabilistic event attribution in statistically sound way (i.e. to get well-resolved probability distributions) with the methods of flow clusters (weather regimes/climate modes) and flow analogues. The project will make a key contribution to the development of the next-generation prediction and event attribution system. The produced new very large ensembles will be combined with the current-generation ensembles as well as multi-model climate simulations and multi-member reanalysis products to perform robust multi-method estimates of the univariate and multivariate (i.e. multi-variable) risk indicators. The risk assessment of selected extreme events manifested in surface temperature, precipitation, potential evapotranspiration and fire weather index can be useful to a wide spectrum of stakeholders interested in climate change impacts.

Mots clés : extreme weather and climate events, climate dynamics  climate change, modelling and attribution of extreme events, risk assessment, weather regimes, climate modes, atmospheric teleconnections

Participants :
- University of Oxford (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 224933.76 €