Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet DICTUM (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

DICTUM (Divide and Collect: Understanding Platonic Method) is a research project that investigates the origins of the Western ideal of rational inquiry, Plato’s conception of dialectic. The project examines this conception under the hypothesis that, contrary to a near-consensus in present-day scholarship, Plato’s dialogues embody a unified understanding of dialectic. The experienced researcher tests this hypothesis systematically by minute philosophical analyses of Plato’s dialogues that will be supported by philological and historical considerations. Plato's conception of dialectic is central to his idea of philosophy and consequently to our understanding of Plato. His discussion of dialectic is also the first philosophical inquiry into the nature of method and central to large parts of the Western and Islamic philosophical traditions. Despite this, very few modern attempts to present a unified Platonic dialectic exist, a consequence of interpretative assumptions underlying the bulk of modern Plato scholarship. DICTUM will challenge these assumptions. The interpretation of Plato is important to classical scholarship in philosophy, philology, and history of ideas, as well as to contemporary philosophy concerned with dialectical inquiry. By challenging the interpretative assumptions underlying the now dominant picture of Platonic method, the project is likely to have a significant impact on these fields of study. The main hypothesis of DICTUM subsumes four sub-hypotheses (detailed in the project description), and each hypothesis will be tested in discussion with DICTUM's two supervisors. Four articles will treat of each sub-hypothesis and they will constitute the core of DICTUM's dissemination strategy; the project also includes an international conference on Platonic dialectic as well as workhops and lectures and public dissemination activities.

Mots clés : platonic dialectic, platonic metaphysics, philosophical method, socratic dialogue

Participants :
- University of Bergen (Norvège) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 208400.4 €
Projet DISCOURSEVAX (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

DISCOURSEVAX project, by adopting a social constructivism perspective and discourse analysis of both verbal and visual texts (spread through press, media, and academic articles) aims at discovering how discourse maintains and reinforces institutions. By using the debate on vaccination that has been occurring in many European countries, this project is meant to provide both theoretical and empirical contributions to the European strategy. It aims to offer an original and innovative interpretation of this social phenomenon that has been involving organizations, institutions, and citizens. The European Commission, especially through European Commission's Directorate for Health and Food Safety (DG SANTE) aims to improve the health of their citizens and to ensure the accessibility, effectiveness and resilience of their health systems. Thus, a multimodal discourse analysis will be conducted, together with interviews to experts and key players involved in the debate (e.g. leaders of the Anti-Vaccine movement and field experts such as scientists). A second analysis will be conducted in England, at Cass Business School in London (UK) that hosts leading scholars of discourse analysis in organization studies. The research project, which will last 24 months, will mainly be conducted at the Research Institute for Urban Management and Governance in WU Vienna (Austria), under the supervision of Professor Renate E. Meyer, who is one of the most important expert in the research of multimodality, discourse analysis, and institutions. DISCOURSEVAX results will be disseminated and the action communicated with tailored measures to a wide audience, including the academic community, policy makers and the general public.

Mots clés : mixed method approach  topic modeling, sentiment analysis, correspondence analysis, tropes, verbal and visual texts, multimodality

Participants :
- Vienna University of Economics and Business (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 174167.04 €
Projet DJMI (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

DJMI will provide the first systematic study into the dynamics of Muslim-Jewish interactions in popular comedic performance culture from the 1920s in the Maghrib and France, until the present day. The project’s hook is the word Zouj because of its shared meaning in Arabic and Hebrew: a couple, or two. While there is recognition that such ‘Mediterranean culture’ existed, there has been all too little analysis of how it functioned in the past, what its current state is, and what the implications of such change are. In its venture to explore the dynamics of these dialogical interactions through popular culture, DJMI will begin by investigating the satirical sketches of early popular comedic theatrical production in Morocco and Algeria as the crucible for the North African performing arts scene to come. These sketches were sui generis and cross-genre, adapting elements of local halqa—circle-based qu’ranic recitation—commedia del’arte-style street theatre, local musics, and the telling of folk tales and everyday-vignettes in local Arabic in the public square. DJMI traces the dynamics of Jewish-Muslim interactions through the production and texts of these sketches to Maghribi chaâbi (popular) music, and on to stand-up comedy in the present day connecting to a renewal of interest in Muslim-Jewish interactions among new generations across northern Africa in reception to a recent wave of literature, film, and music that seeks to depict or reimagine these interactions and relations. DJMI thus connects the historical to the anthropological proto-nostalgia of this reception to focus on the debates and interconnections that this renewal of interest produces and where this emanates from. These perspectives and their historical basis are of the uttermost importance in light of the perceived increasingly sectarian divisions between Muslims and Jews across the globe, both rhetorically and geographically, including the particularly dramatic situation in Israel-Palestine

Mots clés : audio visual and textual archive, conflict, islamic studies, jewish studies, north africa, popular culture, urban cultural ethnography

Participants :
- University of Cambridge (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 261975.36 €
- Mohammed V University (Maroc) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet DNA Pol III (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

DNA polymerases (DNA Pols) make various decisions during DNA replication. Decisions regarding nucleotide selection, lesion bypass and how to respond to replication errors are a few important examples. During replication, DNA Pols can synthesize DNA at remarkable rates, e.g. 1,000 bp/s for E. Coli DNA Pol III. However, errors can be introduced during replication, resulting in a terminal DNA mismatch. Mismatches can then be sensed and removed by action of the 3’ to 5’ exonuclease activity of the DNA Pol. How DNA Pols can sense mismatches to initiate proofreading and how the primer strand migrates into the exonuclease domain, often a distance of 30 Å, is the focus of this proposal. Moreover, this research aims to understand mechanisms of proofreading in higher complexity DNA Pol assemblies at single-molecule resolution. Proofreading will be studied with the model enzyme E. Coli DNA Pol III, consisting of separate protein subunits that assemble to form a higher order complex, namely the polymerase, exonuclease and the β2-clamp, which is a processivity factor that encircles the DNA and increases the affinity of the polymerase to the DNA. The proposed work will employ single-molecule FRET in order to evaluate proofreading dynamics at high spatial and temporal resolution. Three main objectives will be performed in order to understand (1) how DNA mismatches initiate proofreading (2) how mutations within the exonuclease domain affect proofreading and (3) how DNA lesions can influence proofreading as a function of position within the DNA template. These objectives will be achieved with a single-molecule FRET assay containing fluorescently labelled DNA to monitor proofreading dynamics in real time. This work will shift the knowledge frontier by advancing our understanding of proofreading during DNA replication in order to better realise the relationship between DNA mutations and the development of human diseases like cancer.

Mots clés : dna polymerase, dna replication, dna proofreading, single molecule imaging, fluorescence resonance energy transfer

Participants :
- Imperial College London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet Cryo-H-Rec (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

DNA replication is essential for cell proliferation. In eukaryotic cells, DNA is densely packaged in nucleosome arrays that form chromatin. Such organisation protects the genetic material and controls access to DNA, thus providing an important mechanism for regulating gene expression. The eukaryotic replication machinery has evolved to unravel nucleosomes in order to access and duplicate DNA, while also maintaining chromatin density on newly duplicated DNA. To achieve this, the replisome dismantles nucleosomes ahead of the replication fork and reassembles them on nascent DNA strands, by coordinating redeposition of parental and newly synthesized histones. Histone proteins are subject to an array of post-translational modifications (PTMs), providing an epigenetic code that modulates activation and silencing of specific chromosomal regions. Redeposition of parental histones with their PTMs on both nascent DNA strands is, thus, pivotal in transmission of the epigenetic marks to daughter cells. I intend to perform in vitro reconstitution of the replisome on a chromatinised template and use cryo-electron microscopy to image DNA duplication and parental histone recycling at the replication fork. I seek to describe different structural intermediates in the process of nucleosome disassembly, DNA duplication and histone incorporation into new nucleosomes. To capture and characterise intermediate states of the replication machinery during this concerted process, I will employ a multidisciplinary approach and resort to structural techniques complementary to cryo-EM like solution NMR spectroscopy and crosslinking-mass spectrometry (XL-MS). My results will help dissect the role of different replisome components in nucleosome reshuffling at the replication fork, and elucidate the molecular mechanism that underpins chromosome replication and epigenetic inheritance.

Mots clés : dna replication, replisome, nucleosome, chromatin, chromosome, epigenetics, cryo em, macromolecular machines

Participants :
- The Francis Crick Institute (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet Irrev Fork Arrest (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

DNA replication is essential for cell proliferation. Obstacles to replication generate replication stress by stalling replication forks. In response to replication stress, cells activate the DNA damage checkpoint pathway that coordinates a cellular response to prevent DNA damage and ensure cell survival. One essential function of the checkpoint is to stabilise stalled replication forks and ensure that replication will resume after obstacles are removed. Specifically, the yeast checkpoint effector kinase Rad53 and its human counterpart Chk1 are essential to prevent irreversible replication fork arrest (IRFA), DNA damage and cell death under replication stress. A screen to identify factors required to promote IRFA has revealed a role for unrestricted recombination events in promoting IRFA. However, mechanistic studies are still required to understand how the checkpoint stabilises stalled forks and prevents IRFA. Recently, in vitro replication reconstitution with yeast purified proteins in the lab has helped uncover important mechanisms of DNA replication. I will use this system to reconstitute IRFA in vitro and determine the proteins and enzymatic activities required to promote IRFA in the absence of the checkpoint. I will then look for phosphorylation targets of Rad53 to understand how the checkpoint prevents IRFA. I will study changes at the DNA and replisome of stalled replication forks by 2D electrophoresis, mass spectrometry and cryo-EM to understand the causes of the irreversibility of IRFA. We seek to better characterise an essential function of the DNA damage checkpoint and define a new role for unrestricted recombination in promoting DNA damage. Main challenges of current cancer therapies include the appearance of surviving checkpoint-deficient cancer cells. Despite constant replication stress, it is unknown why these cells do not suffer irreversible fork arrest. Understanding IRFA could help design new therapies to target checkpoint-deficient cancer cells.

Mots clés : dna replication, replication stress, dna damage, dna damage checkpoint pathway, fork stalling, ssdna, in vitro reconstitution, helicase, kinase, phosphorylation, fork restart, fork reversal

Participants :
- The Francis Crick Institute (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet MetaCross (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

DNA synthesis is essential for cell proliferation. Nucleotides, the basic building blocks of nucleic acids, are made by nucleotide de novo synthesis (DNS), and DNS disruption is detrimental to rapidly proliferating cancer cells. Established >70 years ago, anti-nucleotide therapy was one of the first approaches to treat cancer, but it suffers high rate of resistance and relapse. DNS can be bypassed by an uptake of extracellular nucleotides or by recycling in salvage pathways, possibly a reason for limited efficacy of anti-nucleotide therapy. To date, the cellular sources of nucleotides in normal tissue and in tumors in vivo remain poorly characterized. The central goal of this project is to define these nucleotide sources, understand the intercellular metabolic crosstalk of nucleotides in tumors, and characterize the adaptations to DNS blockade in cancer and stromal cells. To reach these goals, I will use the totally new perspective brought by the single cell technology and combine my expertise in single cell omics and metabolism with the state-of-the-art mouse models and advanced bioinformatics available at the host institute. I propose an integrative in vivo approach using single cell RNA-sequencing, which in combination with genetic interventions will allow me to resolve dynamic expression profiles of individual cell types. I will use inducible mouse models to selectively disable DNS in the stroma (lungs of a host animal) and in cancer cells (orthotopic tumors from syngeneic DNS-deficient lung cancer cells) to generate tumors fully relying on nucleotides from internal or external sources, respectively. In parallel, I will perform in vivo CRISPR screen to identify genes whose lack represents a targetable metabolic dependency of DNS-disabled cancer cells. This innovative approach will shed novel insights into organization of tumor metabolic homeostasis and identify new targets with the potential to make major breakthrough in anti-nucleotide intervention in cancer.

Mots clés : metabolism, cancer, single cell transcriptomics, nucleotides, de novo synthesis

Participants :
- Czech Academy of Sciences (Rép. Tchèque) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 156980.64 €
Projet AVISSO (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Daily social tasks (e.g. meetings, shopping) rely on human communication with speech. Auditory only studies established that continuous speech segmentation relies on the temporal integration of rhythmic acoustic features occurring at delta-theta rates in the signal, via a possible mechanism of entrainment coupled with beta activity. In terms of neural correlates, the timing network (including the basal ganglia, supplementary motor area and cerebellum) may actively contribute to the temporal integration of auditory signal during continuous speech segmentation. However, speech is often multimodal and listeners need to integrate speaker’s body movements aligned to rhythmic acoustic features. Consequently, AV speech may generate different rhythmic patterns than auditory only speech. How the brain translates naturally concomitant AV rhythms to facilitate speech segmentation clearly remains to be addressed. The goal of this project is to investigate the oscillatory patterns and neural correlates of AV rhythms resulting from the temporal integration of body movements and salient acoustic features in speech. In a first EEG experiment, I will compare the modulations of delta-theta entrainment and coupling with beta activity, depending on the relationship between visual and auditory information (congruent, incongruent and auditory only). Secondly, in an fMRI version of the experiment, I will explore the contribution of the timing network during AV speech segmentation, and its different patterns of activations across speech conditions. Finally, to test whether the brain areas revealed by fMRI have a necessary role for the successful AV speech segmentation, I will run the same fMRI experiment with Parkinson’s disease patients with dysfunctional basal ganglia. Looking at the timing network patterns of activations will also reveal if correlated body information eventually help PD to compensate basal ganglia deficit with greater contribution of alternative path (i.e. cerebellum).

Mots clés : audiovisual speech segmentation, fmri

Participants :
- Maastricht University (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 165598.8 €
Projet LEAP (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Data Centres (DC) consume 1.1–1.5% of the world's total energy and have one of the fastest-growing carbon footprints. The EU aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 40% and improve energy efficiency by 32.5% by 2030. Almost 100% of the energy consumed by a DC server is converted to heat, which is dumped into the environment surrounding a DC. Integration of two-phase cooling solutions designed around waste heat recovery is required to improve DC energy efficiency and performance. An attractive two-phase solution for cooling and waste heat recovery for DCs is loop heat pipes (LHP). A LHP is a highly-efficient heat transportation device. It enables long-distance, low-thermal resistance transport of thermal energy by utilising the latent heat associated with phase change and requires no energy for operation. The novel objectives for this Fellowship are: (i) Development of an original multi-scale porous structure. This structure will create a high-performance fluid transport and evaporative surface at the core of the LHP. It will be fabricated by electrodeposition of copper into a close packing of different sized polymer spheres. The packing arrangement will be guided by numerical modelling and an optimisation algorithm. (ii) Fabrication of a high-performance LHP that is beyond the current state-of-the-art to dissipate and transport the necessary power of next-generation integrated circuits for DC applications. (iii) Characterisation of LHP and waste heat recovery technologies to increase DC performance while reducing carbon emissions. The developed LHP will be tested with Thermoelectric Generator technology to provide direct electrical generation at the server level. The outcomes of this project are the development of innovative waste heat transportation and conversion solutions for DC applications to increase performance and efficiency while reducing their carbon footprint. The Persoons group and I have the combined tools and expertise to achieve this.

Mots clés : loop heat pipe, data centre cooling, waste heat recovery, two phase cooling, energy

Participants :
- Trinity College Dublin (Irlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 184590.72 €
Projet POLINFO (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Data acquisition and mining is currently the principal driving force of technological advances. Massive expansion of the field requires implementation of new solutions in data storing and retrieving, where targeted solutions need not only be resource-sustainable and recyclable, but also have to posses high information-encoding density to decrease space allocated for storage. Polymers represent natural candidates for the task, as nucleic acids already efficiently encode for vast biological complexity. However, the synthesis of long sequence-ordered polymers in vitro has proven to be challenging and remains an open question. Our project aims to address whether conditions of spontaneous sequence ordering can be achieved under non-equilibrium conditions. To that extent, we build a computational model that bridges a coarse-grained representation of polymer with stochastic kinetics modelling of polymerization and depolymerization reaction. The model is a novel approach to exploring information encoding to polymers, as it is not limited by master equation solution feasibility, and allows, for the first time, to interpret the informational content of the generated sequence through its effect on polymer structure. We explore novel theoretical ideas on non-equilibrium systems that have recently emerged, suggesting that spontaneous ordering of systems takes the path of maximum heat dissipation, which we plan to test for the first time in the context of information generation. In addition, we aim to understand the timescales pertinent to sequence ordering under non-equilibrium conditions, where specifically the concentration number of monomer types is varied in time. Finally, we wish to understand the conditions which allow for creation of autocatalytic self-replicative sequence sets, with emphasis on timescales relevant to this process. Overall, we aim to identify timescales pertinent to generation of ordered sequences, which could pave way to new experimental strategies.

Mots clés : stochastic thermodynamics, polymers, information encoding, biophysics, coarse grained model, non equlibrium conditions

Participants :
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 184707.84 €