Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet IceDynamO (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Arctic sea-ice extent and volume are declining rapidly, and according to model simulations, the Arctic Ocean may become seasonally ice-free as early as around 2040. As sea ice is a critical component of the Earth system, for the prediction of future climatic processes and related environmental changes, it is crucial to forecast its evolution. However, despite the extreme societal and environmental relevance, our understanding of natural sea-ice variability and its response to external natural and human-induced forcing is associated with significant uncertainties. Consequently, state-of-the-art climate models still show a very large spread in the prediction of climate responses for the next century, especially at high latitudes. The insufficient knowledge about natural sea-ice states makes it essential to develop high-resolution sea-ice reconstructions extending back in time beyond the instrumental and satellite era. With this project I will thus improve our basic understanding of the processes determining Arctic sea-ice cover and variability by establishing multidecadal to millennial-scale time series of sea ice and general oceanic conditions on the North East Greenland shelf during the Holocene, with primary focus on the last few millenia. I will develop a high-resolution, multi-proxy reconstruction and link it to the Greenland ice-sheet dynamics, ocean circulation and global climate. I will define the pre-industrial baseline of Greenland sea-ice cover and test the link between sea ice and natural and human-induced climate forcings. Results from this project will have important implications not just for the community of palaeo-scientists but will provide crucial research-data for modellers in order to improve predictive climate models. Such improved models are critical for a better prediction of the fate of Arctic sea ice in a warmer word, and are also needed for society to adapt to a changing environment.

Mots clés : sea ice, greenland, paleoceanography, holocene, external forcing

Participants :
- Aarhus University (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212194.8 €
Projet GLAM (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Are integration patterns of southern migrants and their children in the Global South the same as those of their counterparts in the Global North? What is the impact of migrating to the Global South vs. migrating to the Global North, for migrants and their children? GLAM builds on my research and expertise on migrant integration in the Global North to address these lacunae. The aim of GLAM is to study patterns of socioeconomic integration of South-South migrants and their children, and to provide a comparative perspective with respect to their South-North counterparts and to non-migrants in origin countries. To achieve this goal, I will study international migration waves originating in South America, and carry out my global fellowship (GF) in two of these migration waves’ main destinations: Argentina (Global South) and Spain (Global North). The project—which uses advanced quantitative methods—will consist, first, of a case study of migrant socioeconomic integration in Argentina. And, second, of a multisite study that compares the socioeconomic integration of selected southern migrant groups in Argentina, Spain and Italy, and identifies their socioeconomic gains (and loses) in relation to non-migrants at origin. In Argentina I will be based at IDAES, a renowned social science research centre at the National University of San Martin. I will be trained on South-South migration and comparative approaches, and my work supervised by a leading migration scholar in South America, Prof. Marcela Cerrutti. The entire GF will be supervised by Prof. Javier Polavieja, director of the D-Lab, a leading research centre on inequality and discrimination at the University Carlos III Madrid. At the D-Lab, I will improve my methodological skills and contribute with my acquired Global South migration and comparative expertise. The successful completion of the GF will place me in a strong position to become an established scholar in a European institution, with strong overseas connections.

Mots clés : migrant integration, south american migrants, south south migration, south north migration, social inequality, educational outcomes, labour market outcomes, multisite studies

Participants :
- National University of General San Martín (Argentine) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Carlos III University of Madrid (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 206496.96 €
Projet EmPoWer (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Argentinian women constitute 51,1% of the country's population but are unequally affected by poverty, discrimination and violence. Since 2015, they have increasingly protested this state of affairs via collective mobilizations on International Women’s Day and the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women, by organizing to raise specific claims, such as the right to abortion or the denunciation of rape. But how does their political agency unfold in the in-between times and spaces when collective protests are not taking place? What communicative practices do they engage then? This project investigates if and how female citizens’ everyday uses of mediated communication for justice produce democratic resolution of their claims in the context of the dataification of governance, the deficient responses of social media companies to spiraling online violence and abuse against women and other challenges to their participation in digital citizenship. The case study is emblematic of citizen-driven technopolitical efforts taking place in the Global South to fix gender inequality and other broken elements of democracy. Through a multi-method design, the study will unpack the ways in which Argentinian female citizens appropriate and interpret mediated communication in everyday technopolitics, and to which democratic effect. Results will: a) provide actionable information for female citizens to refine their day-to-day communicative practices for justice; b) advance methodological tools for monitoring strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats pertaining to their communicative agency in a changing digital environment; c) and contribute potential solutions to omissions/shortcomings in reciprocal listening to their claims from governments, corporations and other accountable organizations. The study will thus inform a future governmentality that takes responsibility for addressing citizens’ claims for justice rather than counter them.

Mots clés : communicative practices, mobilization, gender justice, everyday, digital citizenship

Participants :
- National University of Quilmes (Argentine) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Hogskolan for larande och kommunikation i jonkoping - hlk school of education and communication (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 239956.8 €
Projet BiMetaCat (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Aromatic building blocks are essential for the production of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and plastics but are mainly produced from finite fossil resources. Lignin, a complex biopolymer that is rich in aromatic rings, can serve as a renewable source for aromatic base chemicals. Significant advances towards the depolymerization of lignin now give access to a plethora of small aromatic compounds with a variety of valuable functional groups. However, current catalyst systems are unable to convert these compounds into aromatic building blocks without loss of these desirable functional groups. Hence, there is a need for the development of new catalysts that are capable of handling these oxygen-rich materials that are derived from biomass. The objective of the proposed research is to develop novel bimetallic base metal catalysts for the conversion of lignin-derived compounds into aromatic building blocks. These bimetallic catalysts will be designed to specifically target the robust aromatic C-O ether bonds that are present in lignin-derived compounds. I will synthesize new ligand frameworks that can host two low-valent base metals, which strongly bind and activate aromatics. In contrast to conventional homogeneous catalysts, the envisioned catalysts will have active sites in close proximity to each other, enabling cooperative making and breaking of chemical bonds by multiple metal centers. The tunable nature of these ligands will enable obtaining detailed understanding on how to facilitate the bottleneck oxidative addition of aryl-ethers. The development of new catalytic methodologies that allow valorization of highly oxygenated biomass-derived compounds is essential to decrease our dependence on fossil resources. This research will fundamentally advance understanding of how multiple metals can activate strong chemical bonds, which will be employed to develop catalysts that use lignin-derived compounds for the synthesis of valuable aromatic building blocks.

Mots clés : multimetallic catalysis, cooperative ligands, biomass valorization, ligand design

Participants :
- Utrecht University (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 187572.48 €
Projet PermAVirThaw (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Around 17% of the Earth’s terrestrial surface is composed of permafrost, characterized by frozen ground for at least two consecutive years. Humanity has left Pandora's freezer door open⁠. With the poles warming 3-times faster than the rest of the world, permafrost is being rapidly lost, potentially releasing ancient microbes locked in frozen soil. Accumulated evidences show that microbes, including viruses, locked in ancient permafrost can stay viable over millennia. However, little is known about viruses that froze alongside many of these microbial communities, and their release due to permafrost thaw may directly affect the population dynamics of present-day hosts. To understand these impacts, we need to determine which viruses are archived in permafrost and which hosts they can infect. Viruses infecting plants and animals might pose major economic and human health threats whereas viruses infecting microbes can transform ecological systems on which we rely. Therefore, the Fellowship goals are i) to determine how the virosphere varies with permafrost age and type across the Arctic; ii) to quantify the capacity of virions extracted from permafrost to infect present-day microbes; and iii) to measure the impact of permafrost extracted virions on present-day microbial community diversity and carbon cycling. The main outcomes will be large-scale knowledge on the composition of the ancient permafrost virosphere and the influence of age (including palaeoenvironment) on virus persistence and diversity, as well as their capacity to infect present-day microbes and change biogeochemical cycles.


Participants :
- University of Cambridge (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet FLUNOVELTY (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Around 20% of all modern drugs are fluorinated organic molecules. During the recent years, however, pharmaceutical companies struggle to deliver novel drugs to the market, because of the lack of innovative practical reagents and reactions towards “drug-like” compounds. In this project, we will address this issue by discovering novel small fluorinating reagents - fluorinated diazoalkanes, - elaborate their practical reactions, and use this knowledge to develop alternative synthetic approaches to some known drugs (AS-136A, Celecoxib).

Mots clés : fluorine, novel reactions, novel reagents, trifluoromethyl, drug discovery

Participants :
- École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 92538.0 €
Projet StentFEM (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : TERMINATED

Arterial stenting has become a very important and successful intervention in vascular surgery. One of the most common scenarios includes so-called stent grafts, which are usually composed of a special fabric and supported by a metal stent mesh. Such stent grafts are used in endovascular repair (EVAR) to support weak spots and localized bulges (aneurysms) in an artery being at risk of rupture, most commonly for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). The stent graft strengthens the weakened region of the arterial wall and excludes the AAA from blood flow and blood pressure. Over the last decade, an enormous thrust of research with regard to computational analysis of biomedical engineering problems in general, and with regard to hemodynamics, vascular mechanics and stent placement in particular has taken place. While significant progress has been made in all mentioned fields, computational analysis of stent placement using finite element methods (FEM) is still not predictive enough to give specific advice to vascular surgeons on how to optimally place the stent graft during EVAR. Instead, this decision is mostly based on the experience of the vascular surgeon. Risks of stent placement include a movement of the stent away from the desired location (migration), leaking of blood around stent grafts (endoleakage) and damage of the arterial wall caused by the stent itself. The main objective of the proposed research project is the development, implementation and validation of advanced FEM tools for stent placement simulation. The long-term vision is to be able to provide vascular surgeons with unprecedented predictive capabilities regarding the optimal choice of a patient-specific stent design (size, geometry, etc.) and stent positioning in order to safeguard against the risks mentioned above.

Mots clés : finite element method, stents, arteries, contact mechanics, fluid structure interaction, patient specific modeling, large deformations

Participants :
- The University of Tokyo (Japon) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Technical University of Munich (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 276274.8 €
Projet ArtMetBio (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Artificial metalloenzymes have emerge as a fusion of synthetic and biological catalysts for environmentally friendly synthesis. These hybrid catalysts are created by tethering a catalytic metal ion or cofactor to a protein scaffold. Optimized artificial metalloenzymes have the potential to harness the advantages of both systems, inheriting the versatility of synthetic catalysts and the efficiency and robustness of enzymes. New tools, however, are required to realize the potential of artificial metalloenzymes. The objective of the ArtMetBio project is to create novel platforms for artificial metalloenzymes that optimize catalytic performance and versatility via increased cooperation between the synthetic and biological components. Now, more than ever, green catalysis is a crucial global endeavor. Our growing ability to evolve enzymes enables the use of new, unexpected protein scaffolds, opening the door to new innovative platforms. Taking advantage of directed evolution methods, this proposal outlines a strategy for repurposing two well characterized protein scaffolds to create artificial metalloenzymes for in vivo metathesis, a canonical reaction in synthetic chemistry not found in nature. Aim 1 of the project is to optimize metathesis-catalyzing enzymes, coined metathases, through directed evolution. Aim 2 will apply these metathases to engineer a biocatalytic cascade for in vivo synthesis of high-value privileged compounds. The proposed systems differ from the current state-of-the art—streptavidin and heme artificial metalloenzymes—because they are monomeric, non-toxic, and highly modular, enabling wide catalytic versatility. The proposed action has the potential to provide unique, versatile tools for synthesis and biocatalysis.

Mots clés : artificial metalloenzymes, directed evolution, biocatalysis

Participants :
- University of Basel (Suisse) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 175419.6 €
Projet ArtMoMa (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Doctoral Networks
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Artificial molecular machines have the potential to revolutionise medical treatment, material design, and energy conversion for the benefit of the European and global community. Key fundamental aspects have been studied and the findings were awarded with the 2016 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. Now it is time to guide the research further towards game-changing implementations that utilise artificial movement of molecules and orchestrate them in large systems. Therefore, we propose the ITN project ArtMoMa, which aims a) to push the current scientific boundaries further and to explore entirely new directions of fundamental research towards technologically relevant implementations; and b) to educate and mentor 15 curious and highly capable ESRs to form a critical mass of fully skilled young professionals acting as multipliers to develop technologies across Europe. The network is built on synergies and complementarities between leading scientists (with for instance the involvement of 4 Nobel Prize Laureates), world-class institutions, different disciplines, and the incorporation of several industries as drivers – ranging from start-ups to SMEs to global players – from all over Europe. In the medium- to long-term, we have the joint vision to create new and sustainable education structures with strong involvement from key stakeholders and including industry. This will build a continuous stream of leading European scientists who will create further knowledge and innovations in the future, ranging from processes to products to services and resulting in economic growth and leadership in this field.

Mots clés : molecular motors, nanomachines

Participants :
- Soprema (France) — Partner, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 274802.04 €
- Université de Strasbourg (France) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 549604.08 €
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 549604.08 €
- University of Oxford (Royaume-Uni) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 606345.12 €
- National Research Council (Italie) — Partner, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 522999.36 €
- TU Dresden (Allemagne) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 505576.8 €
- University of Manchester (Royaume-Uni) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 606345.12 €
- University of Groningen (Pays-Bas) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 531239.76 €
Projet C[Au]PSULE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Artificial photocatalysis that converts CO2 into carbon fuels or produces clean energy such as H2 or NH3 from water and N2 using solar energy is an effective strategy to effectively reduce the carbon footprint and to develop a low carbon emission economy and sustainable energy in the future. Noble metal decorated photocatalysts have widely been investigated for improving the photocatalytic performance, however the effect of noble metal crystal phases on the photocatalytic performance is still an unexplored field. This project aims at exploiting the reduced coordination of surface metal atoms in non-standard crystal phases of metallic gold (Au) to create more effective photocatalysts. Specifically, the relationship between the Au crystal phase and the photoactivity of Au-perovskite composites will be systematically investigated by combining various advanced characterization techniques. Additionally, for achieving highly efficient Au-perovskite photocatalysts the modification of non-standard crystal phase Au by constructing crystal-phase-heterostructure and alloying with atom-thick metal shell and the optimization of charge migration pathways in the composites will be performed. Using single molecule fluorescence microscopy, the photocatalytic reaction pathways and the dynamics process over Au-perovskite photocatalysts will be elucidated.

Mots clés : gold, crystal phase, perovskite, photocatalysis, solar to energy conversion, single molecule fluorescence microscopy

Participants :
- KU Leuven (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 166320.0 €
Projet CO2RED (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Artificial photosynthesis, in which sunlight is directly used to generate fuels from CO2 and water, is an attractive solution to both global energy challenges and environmental issues caused by rising CO2 levels. However, implementation of such a quasi-carbon-free fuel-economy requires efficient catalysts and light-harvester to power this uphill reaction. The proposed project is aimed at developing novel hybrid photocatalysts and photocathodes for light-induced CO2 reduction using molecular catalysts and semiconductor light-harvesters. Molecular catalysts will be immobilized onto the semiconductor-materials to generate robust photocatalysts, and subsequently, these semiconductor-catalyst assemblies will be transferred to transparent electrodes to build photoelectrodes. The innovative aspect of CO2RED is to employ inexpensive, carbon-based semi-conducting ligh-harvesters (carbon-nitride, carbon quantum dots) and 3d-metal based molecular catalysts, and use robust linkages to interface them with transparent photoelectrodes. Finally, this hybrid photocathode will be tested in a tandem CO2/H2O photoelectrochemical cell by coupling it with a photoanode for water oxidation. The project being at the interface of synthetic, materials, photo- and electro-chemistry, will provide an excellent opportunity for the experienced researcher (ER) to develop a wide range of technical skills. In addition, the fellowship will allow the ER to gain important complementary skills including proposal writing, manuscript preparation, public outreach, networking, and IPR protection that will be invaluable for his independent career. The combination of the cutting-edge science and training excellence of the project will greatly improve the ER’s career prospect and enhance the host group’s international reputation.

Mots clés : heterogeneous catalyst, photoelectrochemistry, solar fuel, hybrid material

Participants :
- University of Cambridge (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €