Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet PLACE (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

For many of the world’s pastoralists, compelling environmental factors encourage extensive livestock management across common grazing land that provides food security for millions of humans and livestock. These pastoral commons are rapidly disappearing, despite having proved resilient for millennia. There is an urgent need to better understand the social processes that sustain resilient grazing commons. Dominant theories and policy initiatives directed at pastoral commons rely on an economistic model of human action, where individual appropriation of collective resources must be regulated by rules and clearly delineated property rights. PLACE seeks to invert conventional theories of common resource management by proposing a novel relational approach to resilient pastoral commons, built through social ties and practices of relatedness. To do so requires refocusing attention away from the grazing commons and onto the domestic space of pastoral households and public ceremonial occasions in pastoral communities. It is in these locations that the affective links between mothers, daughters and sisters build resilient pastoral commons. In synthesising a critical stance alongside a more positive proposal for relational resource use, we aim to deliver a radically new understanding of the social fabric underlying pastoral land-use. PLACE will be achieved through three research objects: (1) We will critically reappraise current anthropological and economic theories of the commons. (2) We will compare newly collected field data with anthropological accounts and archaeological evidence. (3) We will propose a new theoretical approach to the resilience of pastoral commons based on social relations.

Mots clés : pastoral commons and collective governance land tenure property relations landscape governance resilience thinking

Participants :
- Université d'Aarhus (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 230774.4 €
Projet HPSR-AME-CO2RR (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : TERMINATED

Anthropogenic CO2 emission is anticipated to contribute to a projected global temperature increase of 1.5°C between 2030 and 2052, which is associated with various environmental challenges. While renewable energy sources and electrification have successfully reduced CO2 emissions in some sectors, air transportation without available electrified alternatives and sectors like steel and cement production that inherently involve carbon oxidation in operations must proactively take measures to mitigate their carbon footprint. This entails a combination of adopting renewable fuels and employing CO2 conversion techniques. In the short to intermediate term, the renewable-powered electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR) for carbon monoxide production offers a techno-economically feasible approach. Despite extensive research efforts in this field, achieving economically compelling eCO2RR implementation has proven elusive. The primary challenges stem from catalyst performance and electrode durability. Regarding catalysts, maintaining high selectivity under commercially relevant conditions is imperative. On the electrode front, enhancing both chemical and mechanical strength is essential to reduce capital expenditure. To comprehensively address these challenges and with the support of the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, the objective of this project is to integrate electrocatalyst design (focused on improving eCO2RR selectivity and activity) with electrode reconstruction efforts (aimed at overcoming flooding issues and enhancing the stability of the reaction interface). This integrated approach seeks to facilitate the practical implementation of eCO2RR. Furthermore, a deep understanding of the structure-activity relationship will be attained through in-situ spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. The assessment of this novel strategy within this project's scope has the potential to guide the more rational development of practical eCO2RR implementation.

Mots clés : single atom catalysts, 3d self supporting electrode, co2 reduction reaction, electrocatalysis

Participants :
- Université d'Aarhus (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 230774.4 €
Projet ANCOM (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : TERMINATED

The brain is supplied by a complex and vast vascular network whose interactions are difficult to grasp in their entirety. The neurovascular unit (NVU) was thus introduced and represents the minimal functional unit linking the brain and its vessels. NVU cells interact closely to maintain the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and supply the brain with nutrients. Among these, astrocytes play the key role of mediator between the endothelial cells, supporting the blood flow, and the neurons. The astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle is an essential communication pathway, and its control is crucial for brain homeostasis and thus brain health. The research hypothesis of ANCOM is that the engineering of astrocytes will allow to modulate their communication with neurons in close proximity, cultured in a paper-based NVU model. Engineered astrocytes can thereby be used to influence neurons’ behaviour and thus contribute to tune the brain’s activity. Specifically, artificial organelles will be designed to boost the lactate production in the astrocytes. These will be made of silica nanoparticles with lactate dehydrogenase enzyme immobilised on their surface and placed in the cytosol of the astrocytes. Upon a boosted lactate release, a beneficial effect on neurons is predicted either in simple cell cocultures but also in more complex systems. For that purpose, a dynamic in vitro paper-based model of the NVU containing endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes and neurons will be established. Moreover, by employing a new approach developed by the Städler lab, it will even be possible to add active locomotion to these artificial organelles with the aim of targeting the astrocytes through the blood circulation. ANCOM aims thus at offering an easily accessible NVU model, able to address many questions in neuroscience, contributing to the development of brain therapies. This interdisciplinary project will allow me to broaden my skills and start my career as an independent researcher.

Mots clés : artificial organelle, silica nanoparticles, neurovascular unit, nvu on a chip, paper chips, microfluidics, astrocytes, neurons

Participants :
- Université d'Aarhus (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 214934.4 €
Projet CHERPE (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Higher education (HE) is one of the flagships of the Cuban Revolution. Research on Cuban HE policies focuses on the desired outcomes within policy documents. Nevertheless, there is a lack of studies analysing how stakeholders implement those policies on the ground by translating policy documents into practices and relationships; or how policy documents shape universities, organisational cultures, people's identities and power relationships. Therefore, it is timely to describe how Cuba’s centralised HE policy documents are translated on the ground at the University of Holguin from 2000 onwards. Just in 2000, the so-called Third Educational Revolution began in Cuba, bringing far-reaching transformations within higher education to date. It is a large-scale process of changes ethnographically unexplored. By undertaking both the anthropology of policy and anthropology of education approaches, CHERPE draws the following objective: to describe how university actors translate the Cuban HE policy documents on the ground into relationships, powers, actions, new organisational structures, individual or collective strategies and new identities. The University of Holguin in Cuba will be a case study. Coming from the anthropology of policy approach, ‘studying through’ is a sound strategy to study processes of political transformations through space and time in which I will combine documentary analysis, interview, focus group and participant observation. By using these interdisciplinary methods, I will bring a pioneering ethnographic methodology to the Cuban context that will advance both the fields of policy studies and anthropology. The fellowship will furnish me with expertise in policy and HE studies and will drive my publication record, allowing me to apply for a better academic position. I will further the Cuban HE policy field and the anthropological approaches that CHERPE addressed.

Mots clés : anthropology of policy higher education policies anthropology of education cuban studies

Participants :
- Université d'Aarhus (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 230774.4 €
Projet BAVA (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The Arctic is experiencing the effects of global heating at an accelerated rate, with unprecedented consequences to this unique ecosystem. As a Pleistocene survivor, the muskox (Ovibos moschatus) is an iconic representative of this shrinking biome. Given their key role in tundra ecosystems and their circumpolar distribution, it may act as a sentinel species indicative of biotic change in Arctic ecosystems. Due to experiencing multiple bottlenecks historically, genetic variability in the muskox is low and populations may thus be poorly equipped to adapt to rapid environmental change. Increasing temperatures not only facilitate changing environmental conditions via a northward shift of infectious diseases, pathogens and vegetation but may also push the limits of the upper thermoneutral zone of muskoxen, causing metabolic stress. BAVA will investigate the vulnerability of muskox populations facing different degrees of environmental stress across its circumpolar range. Integrating metabolomics in a space-for-time experimental design allows for the examination of the ecophysiological response of four wild muskox populations to environmental conditions across a vast gradient of environments representing past, present and future Arctic climates, and thus contrasting levels of environmental stress, for a species that is highly adapted to cold and dry Arctic climate. By using a state-of-the-art biomolecular approach, BAVA will identify biomarkers linked to metabolic pathways, describe their spatiotemporal patterns of variability and utilise this information to inform population-level modelling of population resilience to climate change. In doing so, BAVA elucidates individual- and population-level metabolic responses to contemporary and future environmental change. Eventually, BAVA will not only push my career as a leading scientist but also foster international collaboration and subject excellency by providing a better understanding of Arctic ecosystem vulnerability.

Mots clés : arctic, climate change, ecophysiology, environmental stress, dynamic energy budget modelling, global heating, muskox, space for time substitution

Participants :
- University of Alaska (Etats-Unis) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Université d'Aarhus (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 230774.4 €
Projet CableN2O (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a critical greenhouse gas (GHG) and contributes to stratospheric ozone depletion. Although several microbial key players have been identified as enrolled in natural N2O production, large amounts of N2O have been produced by an overlooked and undefined process. A recent study showed the first experimental proof for N2O production by an overlooked abiotic process in sediment, stimulated by Fe(II). Recently discovered cable bacteria are globally occurring and change sediment geochemistry, providing Fe(II) and possibly nitrite, ideal precursors for N2O formation. Therefore, we hypothesis that cable bacteria stimulate N2O formation. This project, CableN2O aims to quantify the effect of cable bacteria on N2O emissions from sediments, its regulating factors, and environmental relevance in lab and field studies. The project's goals will be attained by interdisciplinary training of state-of-the-art biogeochemical techniques combined with a multidisciplinary approach based on traditionally applied methods in Geochemistry, Electromicrobiology, and Molecular Ecology. Hence, the project will primarily provide new insights on the role of cable bacteria on N2O formation, strengthening European excellence in this research field.

Mots clés : cable bacteria, nitrous oxide, chemodenitrification, microsensors, electromicrobiology, sediment biogeochemistry, greenhouse gas emission

Participants :
- Université d'Aarhus (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 214934.4 €
Projet ComAge (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Discussions about migration, integration and unaccompanied minors figure prominently across Europe in public discourse and at policy level. Thousands of unaccompanied minors arrive in Europe each year. Many are granted temporary or permanent permission to stay, yet little research has focused on their transitions to adulthood. ComAge’s scientific significance lies in its aim to contribute to address this gap through investigating unaccompanied minors’ social and legal transitions to adulthood as affected by structural implications, imaginaries, and relational aspects. This is of relevance to support further research on the topic, and for European policymakers and practitioners to respond to the needs and situations unaccompanied minors experience upon their arrival and stay. Young Afghans are a timely and relevant case study to investigate transitions to adulthood as they are the largest group of unaccompanied minors claiming asylum in Europe each year since 2008. To investigate transitions as affected by the ‘return turn’, i.e., increased use of temporary protection and focus on return, participants will be recruited among young Afghans who arrived in Scandinavia as minors and left for France to avoid forced removal as they approach legal adulthood. ComAge is an ethnographic study drawing on in-depth interviews, participant/observation and creative co-articulations as a bottom-up approach that tunes into different forms, layers and modes of expression. ComAge builds on the experienced researcher’s previous research on young Afghans’ journeys to Europe and the implications of age and social relations on their trajectories.

Mots clés : afghans, legal and social adulthood, precarious inclusion, temporary protection, creative co articulations methods,  return turn , secondary migration

Participants :
- Université d'Aarhus (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 214934.4 €
Projet GreenP (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Excessive phosphorus (P) use in intensive agricultural food production is threatening the one-way flow of P from mineral reserves to fields and subsequently into waterways. Only 30% of the P supplied to soils in Europe is utilized by plants, with the remainder accumulating in the soil and being lost through runoff and subsurface drainage. Phosphorus recovery from agricultural drainage can therefore provide a solution to this issue but its recovery from tile drains is challenging because of the low content of P and unpredicted hydraulic loadings. In GreenP, for the first time, extract from grass will be used for the green synthesis of efficient nanoscale adsorbents for the quick and efficient recovery of P from agricultural drainage. The P enriched nanomaterials will be assessed as nano fertilizer for their nutrient release potential, interaction with soil microbial community and translocation within the plant body using high-tech analytical tools and modeling. A multidisciplinary approach connecting environmental engineering, soil fertility, biology, and crop physiology will be implemented. The outcomes will be helpful for better management of P to close its loop in agriculture, thus contributing to the circular economy and agricultural sustainability. The project will also result in a dual exchange of knowledge and expertise between the researcher and the host, which will benefit the professional career of the researcher in the future.

Mots clés : agricultural drainage, p recovery, recycling, green synthesis, nanomaterials, nano fertilizer

Participants :
- Université d'Aarhus (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 230774.4 €
Projet RAIN (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

In the marine environment, motorised vessels are now the most ubiquitous and pervasive anthropogenic noise source, and the evidence for deleterious impacts from this noise source on sensitive marine life, such as cetaceans (whales, dolphins and porpoises), is mounting. However, cetaceans have not evolved in silent or naturally quiet environments, and it may be hypothesised that animals have developed mechanisms to cope with naturally fluctuating noise levels. Regardless, studies have yet to investigate whether individual cetaceans perceive and respond to motorised vessel noise in the same way as acoustically similar and significant natural noises, such as rain, for which they have been exposed to over evolutionary timescales. In RAIN, I will, for the first time, compare the responses of harbour porpoises, a small odontocete cetacean, to both motorised vessels and rain noise. RAIN will (1) quantify the absolute contributions of rain and vessel noise to local marine soundscapes experienced by populations of harbour porpoises using long-term passive acoustic monitoring data; (2) assess and compare the behavioural and acoustic responses of individual harbour porpoises to these noise sources using state-of-the-art acoustic recording tags (DTAGs); and (3) investigate the effect of rain and vessel noise on individual echolocation performance as a proxy for foraging performance. Through RAIN, I will provide new insights into how harbour porpoises perceive and respond to natural and anthropogenic noises at population and individual scales, and identify, quantify, and compare potential coping mechanisms they employ to deal with these different noise sources. Results from RAIN will, in turn, providing evidence which will be used to directly inform the management of underwater noise levels and the protection of a key marine species in European marine waters.

Mots clés : marine mammals, cetaceans, odontocetes, harbour porpoise, noise disturbance, acoustic behaviour, shipping noise, rain noise, biologging

Participants :
- Université d'Aarhus (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 214934.4 €
Projet PLAS-PHOLEDs (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The ultimate objective of PLAS-PHOLED is to increase tenfold the operational lifetime and luminance of phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLEDs). I will achieve this by increasing the radiative rate of triplet states through the design and engineering of PHOLEDs that support plasmon–exciton polaritons (PEPs). PEPs were recently introduced by Prof. Forrest's group as a promising technology for increasing Purcell enhancement in the OLED stack . PEPs effectiveness in OLEDs is sensitive to the optical properties of the underlying microcavity effects which I plan to exploit to reduce the probability of forming destructive high-energy states via triplet–polaron and triplet-exciton collisions. PLAS-PHOLED will study OLEDs that emit from visible (blue, green and red) to near-infrared (NIR) regimes. While PLAS-PHOLED kicks off by studying organometallic complexes that will enable me to deeply understand the device parameters that best support PEP, it later extends to purely organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials. The latter is the key novelty of PLAS-PHOLED as it will enable the RTP compounds to reach microsecond radiative rates, matching those to organometallic counterparts, thus introducing the 5th generation of environmentally friendly and inexpensive OLEDs. For the first time, the results of this proposal will define the state-of-the-art in understanding NIR and RTP OLEDs coupled with microcavity to enhance their emission rate, outcoupling, and operational stability.

Mots clés : oleds microcavities organic electronics emitters thin film fabrication and characterization plasmonics

Participants :
- Université de Turku (Finlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 226276.8 €
- Fluxim (Switzerland) (Suisse) — Partner, associated partner, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 0.0 €
- Université de Durham (Royaume-Uni) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €