Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet BAnDIT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Doctoral Networks - Industrial Doctorates
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

As we move to the Internet-of-Things, the number of devices which will be connecting to the Internet – many of them without any direct human control - is estimated in billions in the immediate future. In October 2016, the Mirai Botnet performed the largest Denial-of-Service attack in history using infected consumer devices, showing how pressing is the need to properly secure the IoT. In parallel, a new technology has emerged which will be key in any future development in this sense: the blockchain. Initially designed as the backbone of Bitcoin a decade ago, Blockchain Technologies (BCT) are seen now as powerful digital abstraction of trust and stand out as a promising alternative to deal with it in the online world. Several initiatives are moving towards using BCT for securing the IoT, and the academic and industrial sector are participating in a race to envision and design new applications of BCT. However, there are few experts with a solid scientific background in IT Technologies who also have first-hand knowledge of the needs of the industry and who understand the financial and regulatory challenges of BCT. These professionals can be key to articulate converge of the BCT and the IoT technologies, to envision and create new business opportunities for the European economy. BAnDiT or Advanced Blockchain Attacks and Defense Techniques is an innovative research training network with two beneficiary organizations, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) in the academic sector and Nokia Bell Labs in the private sector, which aims at bridging this gap. UPF will contribute through the network her knowledge and research experience in the departments of Information and Communication Technologies, Economics and Law and Nokia its hands-on experience in BCT. Partner organisations will contribute with transversal training events and providing access to existing blockchain ecosystems to test the results of the research conducted by the ESRs.

Mots clés : blockchain security, iot attacks, iot defense, security auditing, security policies

Participants :
- Rovira i Virgili University (Espagne) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Caelum innovation sl (Espagne) — Partner, organization partner, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 0.0 €
- Nokia networks france (France) — Partner, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 549604.08 €
- Pompeu Fabra University (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 501809.76 €
Projet EMERALD (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) in Europe are threatened by two alien invasive organisms; a deadly fungal pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus that has been causing a slow, steady decline in Europe’s ash population, and emerald ash borer (EAB; Agrilus planipennis), a buprestid beetle that is quickly killing trees in eastern Europe, and moving west. There are fears that EAB will follow the same path as it did recently in USA – killing millions of ash trees, unless active research is undertaken to prevent the spread of EAB and protect the ash resource. EMERALD is a multidisciplinary and innovative project that approaches this invasion through the combination of molecular biology, analytical chemistry, sensor technology, insect ecology, and tree physiology to understand host-pest interactions and improve the options for integrated pest management in European forests. In this project, naïve and a co-evolved ash species will be investigated to understand their attractive volatile chemistry and influence on EAB’s behaviour and host preference (antixenosis), differences in host chemical defenses that either promote or deter EAB performance (antibiosis), and the confounding effect of H. fraxineus in relation to both interactions. Novel early detection tools will be developed including new lure traps and molecular assays based on optimized environmental DNA protocols of samples filtered from stem flow and canopy foliage, and portable loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to achieve point-of-use and real-time detection of EAB. The training-through-research will diversify and expand the skillset of the applicant, while also providing reciprocal teaching and new insights for the host unit. The results of this project will have tremendous value for European stakeholders and the general public for those concerned with saving the economically and ecological valuable ash in urban and rural forested environments by developing an arsenal of tools to manage the impending EAB invasion.

Mots clés : host plant resistance, host plant volatiles, chemical ecology, forest entomology, secondary metabolites, insect performance, environmental dna, early detection, invasion biology

Participants :
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 191852.16 €
Projet BIASTRESS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Assessing the stress resilience of optimistic and pessimistic phenotypes is crucial for the study of stress-related mental disorders (SRMD) in humans (e.g., anxiety and depression). However, only by understanding the neural mechanisms of cognitive bias and its role in the triggering of the stress response can these personality traits be meaningfully linked to susceptibility to SRMD. In this way, BIASTRESS will characterize the behavioural and neuroendocrine profiles of “optimistic” and “pessimistic” individuals and will assess if cognitive bias (e.g. pessimistic bias) is mediating the inter-individual variation in the susceptibility to the detrimental effects of stress. Furthermore, genetically manipulations of the neural circuits involved in the cognitive appraisal of stressors will be conducted in order to evaluate its effects on the activation of the stress response. BIASTRESS aims to elucidate this important matter using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model. The unique attributes of the zebrafish biological model are being increasingly leveraged by the scientific community to provide critical scientific bases for the development of new clinical tools for the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases. Hence, the multidisciplinary and unique perspective that will be adopted by this project, combining behavioural, neural and physiological sciences, has the potential to provide useful and scientifically-sound information to explain susceptibility to SRMD in humans, which will be extremely useful for developing ways to mitigate the effects of chronic stress. Moreover, this project will also be helpful in the field of antidepressant drug research, since pessimistic and optimistic individuals may diverge in their response to antidepressants. In this way, the goals of BIASTRESS directly address the societal challenge priority of health, demographic change and wellbeing established by the H2020 Work Programme.

Mots clés : fish, neuroendocrinology, stress physiology, chronic stress, wellbeing, cognition

Participants :
- Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation (Portugal) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 160635.6 €
Projet ABDES (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Astrochemistry is an inter-disciplinary field that provides an insight into the complex physical and chemical processes at play during the early evolutionary stages in star-formation. Over the last decade, while astrochemical studies have been conducted to understand the early evolutionary stages in high- and low-mass stars, similar work is essentially missing for the least massive stars, called brown dwarfs (BDs). BDs are ‘sub-stellar’ objects with insufficient mass to burn hydrogen in their cores and shine like stars, but are found as abundantly as Sun-like stars in star-forming regions, making them an equally vital constituent of our Galaxy. ABDES is an innovative inter-disciplinary project, which will deliver radically new advancements in our understanding of the astrochemical processes that occur during the early evolutionary stages in BD-formation. The objectives of ABDES are to characterize the physical and chemical structure of early-stage BDs, and study the fundamental role played by the accretion and outflow processes in shaping their evolution. With the advent of high-class telescopes and instruments with unparalleled sensitivities, it is now feasible to probe deep into the early evolutionary stages of BDs. To achieve these objectives, I have built the largest sample to date of early-stage BDs, using a new set of deep, high-sensitivity, multi-wavelength observations. ABDES will combine these observations with chemical/physical modelling techniques, and provide the first measurements on the astrochemical properties of early-stage BDs. Being an inter-disciplinary research division, the Centre for Astrochemical Studies at MPE, under the supervision of Prof. Caselli, is a great fit to this project, and provides excellent expertise and infrastructure for its successful implementation. ABDES is a pioneering study that will highlight the origins of the faintest stars in our Galaxy, and complete our understanding of star-formation toward the lowest mass end.

Mots clés : star formation and evolution

Participants :
- Max Planck Society (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 159460.8 €
Projet DEAR (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

At a time when public attention is focused on differences rather than similarities, comparative studies of Russia and Europe open new perspectives beyond the familiar dichotomous discourse. In this spirit, my MCSA project “Denmark and Russia: Why two Arctic empires developed so differently and continue to diverge?” (DEAR) examines Russo-Danish relations in the 18th and the 19th centuries. For the entire 18th century the two states were very close in terms of economic and institutional development, but after the abolition of serfdom in Denmark in 1800 their paths diverged significantly. This was most striking with the gradual collapse of the Danish empire, and the subsequent rapid development of the remaining territory, whereas Russia remains relatively “backward”, but with its territory largely intact. From the 1860s until the 1920s a much-reduced Denmark became a teacher to its larger partner through the transfer of knowledge, expertise, and experts – a process which aided Russian development, and emphasizes the links between the two countries. The overarching question motivating DEAR is to explore what accounts for the ultimately divergent pathways of the two empires as well as the rapid disintegration of the Danish Empire and the survival of the Russian Empire, given their initial similarities. DEAR combines the expertise of the Historical Economics and Development Group (HEDG) at the University of Southern Denmark (SDU) in Danish economic history and quantitative methods, my research experience in Russian economic history, and the access of both to unique datasets on the preindustrial and early industrial development of these countries.

Mots clés : russian economic history, inequality, danish empire, comparative studies

Participants :
- University of Southern Denmark (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 219312.0 €
Projet eMobilita (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Staff Exchanges
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

At present, transition towards electromobility in urban transport and related companies are among the most studied industrial areas. Different EU countries implement different methodological and business approaches to investigate the possibilities for the acceleration of electromobility integration in urban transport. Studies on these approaches to be shared within the project consortium and with different stakeholders (local authorities, producers of electric vehicles and recharging stations) will provide the basis of the initiative for increasing the interest in electromobility integration in urban transport as a multi-dimensional innovation. The thin red line of electromobility practical integration passes through the sharing of innovative ideas with relevant stakeholders by carrying out field studies, in-depth interviews and electronic on-line studies. EMobilita overall objective is to study the conditions, prerequisites and incentives for electromobility integration in urban transport and elaboration of a roadmap for its development. The specific objectives are: • To explore the experience of the European countries in the integration of electromobility in urban transport and to identify good practices; • To summarize direct and indirect multi-dimensional effects (social, economic and environmental) of the introduction of electromobility in urban transport schemes; • To elaborate a roadmap with concrete measures for introducing electromobility in urban transport; • To establish a sustainable partnership between universities and businesses through staff exchange and networking activities. In order to achieve our objectives we created a network of academic and non-academic institutions from Bulgaria, Slovakia, Italy and Greece.

Mots clés : electromobility, urban transport, electric vehicles, recharging stations

Participants :
- Sdruzhenie industrialen klaster elektromobili (Bulgarie) — Partner, beneficiary, Autres, subvention : 162000.0 €
- Roma Tre University (Italie) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 243000.0 €
- Slovenska asociacia pre elektromobilitu (Slovaquie) — Partner, beneficiary, Autres, subvention : 162000.0 €
- University of National and World Economy (Bulgarie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 243000.0 €
- Finance & banking, associazione per lo sviluppo organizzativo e delle risorse umane (Italie) — Partner, beneficiary, Autres, subvention : 162000.0 €
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Grèce) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 310500.0 €
- University of Economics in Bratislava (Slovaquie) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 243000.0 €
Projet MuSeq (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

At which stage in oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation does remyelination in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) lesions fail? Answering this is essential for developing new therapies for progressive MS patients in whom failed remyelination leads to neurodegeneration. Current neuropathological technologies using antibody labelling are insufficiently sensitive to detect each of the possible stages at which the process might fail. In MuSeq, I will therefore use single cell and single nuclear RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq) technologies to define the stages of OL differentiation in human post-mortem brain in healthy and in MS tissue available to me from the Edinburgh tissue bank. By overcoming the problems of sensitivity and revealing the degree of heterogeneity within lesions, this innovative and multidisciplinary project will for the first time unravel the patterns of OL differentiation and its failure in human MS lesions. This in turn will generate a new and powerful classification system for MS lesions based on their regenerative potential, and generate an open-access web database for future functional studies beyond this project and laboratory. By identifying those key roadblocks that need to be overcome to promote remyelination, MuSeq will lay the foundations for rational therapeutics to improve the repair mechanisms of individual MS patients and thus promote European scientific excellence. The project will be carried out under the guidance of leading experts at the University of Edinburgh with a secondment at the Karolinska Institute (Stockholm), a world-leading medical research institution. Results from the project will be used to raise public awareness on the importance of innovative MS research. I have the track-record, expertise and motivation to drive this IF project, and this will equip me with the extra skills I need to pave the way for my future career as an independent researcher in the field of translational neuroscience in Europe and internationally.

Mots clés : multiple sclerosis, single cell rna sequencing, translational science, brain, neurodegenerative disease, glial cells, oligodendrocyte lineage, differentiation

Participants :
- University of Edinburgh (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet ISOMET (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Atmospheric methane (CH4), the second most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide, contributed to one-fifth of the increase in radiative forcing by human-linked greenhouse gases since 1750. The recent increase of its abundance since 2005 is not fully understood and the changes in the source(s) or sink(s) responsible for it have yet to be identified and quantified. The main isotopologues of 12CH4, i.e. 13CH4 and CH3D or heavy methane, are emitted with different isotopic ratios specific to emission sources and are depleted at different rates. Thus, they act as unique tracers and can provide additional constraints on the regional, hemispheric and global methane budgets. Since no ground-based infrared solar observations have been exploited thus far to retrieve heavy methane concentrations, the first objective is to develop a retrieval strategy for these species from observations collected at three complementary sites member of the Network for Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC): Eureka (Arctic, Canada), Jungfraujoch (Swiss Alps) and Toronto (ON, Canada); later applicable to the whole network. Satellite observations from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment-Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) providing high vertical resolution and broad spatial coverage will also be included as well as spectra from a portable instrument to match future requirements of methane mapping. The proposed project will also include the development of a methane isotopic module for the chemical transport model GEOS-Chem built on the isotopologue properties. The simulation will be compared with produced and available observations and will be evaluated in terms of absolute value, seasonal cycle and trend in parallel with observations. This newly developed module will allow us to provide a spatially global answer to the question of the methane budget. This project thus plays a key role in the highly topical issues of air quality and climate change.

Mots clés : atmospheric composition, greenhouse gas, methane, radiative forcing, air quality, isotopologues, ground based observations, fourier transform spectrometer, emissions, sources and sinks, methane budget

Participants :
- University of Toronto (Canada) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of Liège (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 165211.2 €
Projet PIONEER (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Atmospheric observatories are currently the primary infrastructure for the state-of-the-art meteorological and climate research. However, the World Meteorological Organization Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO-GAW) states in their 2018 final report that the fate of the next generation of monitoring stations will be dramatically modified by the breakthroughs of new low-cost sensors (LCSs) technologies. The rapid development and continuous improvement of low-cost technology are demonstrating notable applications and today “LCSs are beginning to play a role in areas such as model or emissions validation and spatial variability in pollution” in support the state-of-the-art instrumentations and established networks. New upcoming atmospheric applications, services and support in citizen inclusion in earth monitoring are pushing European Union (EU) in funding scientific communities, companies, governments and international bodies such as the Joint Commercial Advisory Group (JCAG) in developing and assessing low-cost technology, thus making the introduction of basic and applied research addressing quantitative, reproducible measurements, guidelines for best practice, high data quality and accuracy, compatibility of data imperative. Considering these crucial challenges, aim of the project is to establish a low-cost sensors wireless sensor network (LCS-WSN) to assess the effectiveness of low-cost technologies in the study of transboundary transport phenomena. Given its highly relevance for the Earth’s climate, ecosystems, and human health as stated by the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Project, primary endeavor will be directed towards the study of Ozone. Main target is to develop a highly reliable LCS-WSN to be used by scientists as well as citizen engineers in remote areas and harsh environments, where the needs of reliable spatial data to model the transboundary transport phenomena and climate change effects is ever more decisive.


Participants :
- University of California System (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice (Italie) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- National Research Council (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 251002.56 €