Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet PROTECT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Techniques for repairing seismic damages are specific solutions implemented in buildings to combat, mitigate or prevent the earthquake effects. Although this type of technique was used in Ancient periods, probably as forms of empirical experimentation with reference to the formation of particular frequent forms of damage of seismic origin, there is still no understanding of their real spread and development within geographical contexts and chronological periods. Especially for specific historical periods, such as the Middle Ages, this type of elements is frequently found in buildings, but they are rarely referred to in written sources. Thus buildings themselves become the main source from which we may understand the diffusion, and the historical and geographical development, of this kind of construction phenomenon. The aim of the project is the application, in a wholly experimental way, of the methods of archaeology of construction with the aim of documenting the techniques for repairing seismic damage on the later medieval buildings located in a significant sample area affected in the past by important seismic events: a portion of the old city centre of Siena, in Italy. The results obtained from the analysis of Siena will later be compared with those from the research carried out on the town of Manosque. The main resulting goals of the project are: identifying and creating an atlas of the traces of the effects of historical earthquakes and of the ways of intervening in the past on buildings; drawing up a protocol for archaeoseismological analysis of large and small historic town centres, applicable in the future to other national and international contexts. The project presents a methodology based on a highly interdisciplinary approach that envisions the application of methodologies belonging to the human sciences (archaeology of construction and historical seismology) together with scientific disciplines (engineering, architecture, geotecnics and geology).

Mots clés : archaeology of architecture, archaeoseismology, building techniques, siena, 3d survey

Participants :
- École normale supérieure PSL (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 196707.84 €
Projet ECOINTELS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Technological advancements have enabled new flexible and demand-responsive transportation services, whose significance on both urban and rural transportation systems have been increased rapidly due to the successful transport network companies such as Uber and Lyft and due to innovative public transportation operators developing automated demand-responsive services with public-private-partnerships. At the same time, there has been also increasing interest in these services in several academic disciplines like operations research, transportation economics and computer science. Recently, research has focused on modelling these services and related pricing policies, and on developing algorithms for optimal vehicle routing and demand management. During the fellowship period, the object is to achieve deeper understanding on the economics of the intelligent transportation services by extending the economic models of the automated demand responsive transportation and by adopting recently developed simulation models of the Max-Planck Institute, which utilize trip origin-destination data collected in Germany, South-Africa and elsewhere.

Mots clés : transportation economics, intelligent transportation services, public transportation, demand responsive transportation, shared taxis, discrete choice, real time traffic data

Participants :
- Max Planck Society (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 171460.8 €
Projet OTIS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Telecom networks provide vital communication infrastructure and play a key role in promoting the economic and social well-being. Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is an emerging, promising and cost-efficient technology for future Internet by decoupling the traditional network functions from dedicated hardware and running them as software-based virtualized instances, known as Virtual Network Functions (VNFs). To effectively support the emerging NFV technology, how to orchestrate VNFs and achieve improved Quality-of-Service (QoS) has become a timely burning challenge faced by the networking research community. This project aims to develop a new suite of optimal VNF orchestration schemes to boost the network performance and enhance the QoS. To this end, I will firstly design innovative Service Function Chains (SFCs) that are built from a set of chain-ordered VNFs in a parallel pattern to accelerate the network performance. Secondly, I will develop an optimal QoS-aware VNF placement approach to map the parallel SFCs into the underlying network infrastructure, which considers the important QoS metrics as a multi-objective optimization problem. Finally, I will establish a software package with two components for SFC parallelism and VNF placement and develop an experimental testbed to evaluate the proposed solutions. The scientific breakthroughs to be made in this project will contribute to provide the effective design and solution implementation of NFV network innovations. The originality of this research lies in its advocate of designing a parallel SFC paradigm and the optimization of VNF placement to satisfy the QoS requirements of ever-increasing network services. Furthermore, a series of research, training, and knowledge transfer activities will be conducted to accomplish the scientific objectives and enable me to receive professional training, broaden an interdisciplinary research background, and gain more experiences in project management and collaborations.

Mots clés : computer networks, software defined networking, network functions virtualization, service function chains

Participants :
- University of Exeter (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet TROPIC (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Temperature is a key environmental variable influencing plant distribution. Plants have colonised most habitats, from the tropics to the arctic circle. How plants are able to adapt to climate is of fundamental interest and of particular relevance during a period of rapid climate change, where plants have already been seen to change their phenology and range. Despite much interest in this area, understanding has been limited by our lack of knowledge of the mechanisms underlying temperature perception in plants. Recently, the host lab for this proposal has shown that proteins containing prion-domains (PrD) are able to function as thermosensors by undergoing temperature dependent phase-change. In unpublished work, the group has found that Heat Shock Factors (HSFs), which are essential for the induction of the protective heat shock proteins, are also controlled by PrDs and undergo phase change. These molecular sensing mechanisms by HSFs provide a unique opportunity to investigate how variation in the PrDs may “tune” the temperature response such that plants may adapt their HSFs to have a response at a threshold appropriate for their climate. E.g. rice grows robustly under temperature conditions that represent a lethal heatshock for Arabidopsis. In this proposal, I shall combine my expertise in studying rice environmental sensing from my PhD studies with recent developments in the Wigge laboratory in studying phase change of the HSFs in response to heat. I will use a comparative biology approach to determine the temperature response set-points of HSFs in vitro from a range of plants that grow under very different temperature regimes, and relate the behaviour of the PrD domains of the HSFs to the biological response of the plants to temperature. Finally, I will directly test my hypothesis by making directed changes to the thermosensory PrDs to increase and decrease thermal responsiveness, and assay these new thermosensors directly in plants and in a yeast system.

Mots clés : thermosensor, prion, evolution, rice

Participants :
- Leibniz Association (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 174806.4 €
Projet ComPreValRther (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Temperature is crucial to plants’ growth and development. The cold and heat stresses may drastically inhibit plant growth and cause yield losses in crops. Understanding the temperature responding mechanism is crucial to adapt the crops to withstand extreme temperature changes caused by global warming. Among other temperature regulation mechanism, RNA thermometers (RNATs) can instantaneously respond to temperature shift and directly control translational efficiency therefore protein abundance. To date, no RNAT has been identified in plant mainly due to the fact that instead of sequence level conservation, RNATs only have structure level conservation; also because in-vivo RNA structure probing used to be technically challenging. The host lab has developed a powerful platform for in vivo RNA secondary structure probing at both targeted individual RNA and genome-wide scale. This proposed study aims to globally identify RNA thermometers in plants for the first time, and to quantitatively elucidate the role of RNA structure in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in response to temperature. I will measure the alteration of in vivo RNA structural features in Arabidopsis thaliana under different temperature regime. Additionally, Ribosome profiling data and RNA-Seq data will be combined to study the translation efficiency under the corresponding temperature. Together with the identified significantly changed RNA structure elements, we will be able to determine the putative RNAT. Finally, I will validate the predicted RNATs through studying nature variations. I will perform in-vivo RNA structure probing and determine whether the identified single nucleotide variations (SNV) will have significant effects on temperature-regulatory elements. Besides the potential for crop improvement, our approach to globally measure RNA secondary structure and the corresponding translation efficiency will be easily applied to other organisms and various environmental stimuli.

Mots clés : rna thermometer, rna structure, structure seq, translation

Participants :
- UK Research and Innovation (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet TERRESTREVOL (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Terrestrialization – the colonization of the land habitat by plants and animals – is amongst the most important events in the history of life on Earth. Understanding terrestrialization is, therefore, key to understanding biological adaptation. From all animals, arthropods constitute the most successful phylum, manifest in extreme species richness and successful radiation into nearly every ecological niche. Arthropods colonized the land multiple times independently and at different times in Earth history, with terrestrial arthropods massively outnumbering the aquatic ones. This begs the questions how, when, why and how often did arthropods become successful in the terrestrial environment, constituting ideal model systems to study terrestrial adaptations at the genomic, physiological and morphological levels. In order for animals living in aquatic environments to colonize land, a number of physiological barriers need to be overcome, including massive changes to methods of respiration, water management and osmoregulation, reproduction or digestion, among others. Water balance is one of the main challenges facing primarily terrestrial animals. Osmoregulation is also highly relevant to the question about the route taken onto land, specifically whether the ancestors of a given terrestrial arthropod group came directly from a marine environment or via fresh water. The main goal of this project is to shed light on the mode and tempo of these changes through the integration of phylogenomics, paleontology and comparative genomics and transcriptomics. For this, I propose to investigate i) the genetic basis of cuticular composition in marine and terrestrial arthropod lineages, ii) characterization of genes involved in osmoregulation, and iii) lineage-specific orphan gene families that could have contributed to arthropod evolvability in terrestrialization events. The results of this project will allow an unprecedented understanding of deep-time questions in arthropod evolution.

Mots clés : arthropoda, terrestrialization, genomics, transcriptomics, comparative biology

Participants :
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 66996.72 €
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (Espagne) — Partner, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 103124.88 €
Projet Proteasome in cancer (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The 26S/20S proteasome and immunoproteasome machinery is the major protein degradation system in human cells and a strongly oncogenic factor upregulated in most human neoplasias of various tissues. Thus, it is a target of clinically approved treatment protocols in human multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. However, clinical trials have shown a limited effect of proteasome inhibitors in solid tumors and their metastases, despite initial encouraging results in vitro and in xenografts. The main objective of the following project is to understand the oncogenic contribution of the human proteasome machinery to the proteome and transcriptome of human cancer cells and to use this knowledge to improve the anti-cancer therapeutic approaches targeting the proteasome and its downstream effectors, in human cancer types causing most deaths in the European Union – lung, colon/rectum and pancreatic cancers. The main research hypothesis is that the unknown mechanisms downstream of the human proteasome machinery are critical for cancer progression and will be effective as drug targets in the treatment of the solid tumors and their metastasis. Discovering these mechanisms using proteome-scale mass spectrometry analysis combined with RNA-sequencing will allow in this project to: (i) identify novel proteasome targets and understand reprogramming of human neoplastic cells by the proteasome machinery on the basic level in multiple myeloma, lung, colon and pancreatic cancer cultured cells, (ii) understand the reason for the exceptionally efficient therapeutic effect of the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib in multiple myeloma compared to solid tumor cancer cells, and (iii) test in frozen/fixed tumor material, cell cultures the functional validity of the discovered proteasome targets as therapeutic target candidates in lung, colon and pancreatic cancers – which could increase efficiency or bypass targeting of the proteasome machinery by carfilzomib in the solid tumors

Mots clés : proteasome, cancer, carfilzomib, proteomics, transcriptomics, multi omics

Participants :
- Polish Academy of Sciences (Pologne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 146462.4 €
Projet ATTENTIVE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The ATTENTIVE project will deliver a comprehensive training-through-research to a talented postdoctoral fellow in two leading multi-disciplinary research groups. I will bring clinical, molecular biology and genetic skills and I will receive extensive training in state-of-the-art genomic data science and cell biology, creating a two-way transfer. The proposed work will expand my experience, research competencies and professional networks, leading to the possibility to become an independent researcher. The research part of the proposal is focused on understanding the biological basis of the comorbidity observed between Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Substance Use Disorders (SUDs), as it is unclear which the underlying mechanisms are. Using large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets , we will test whether this epidemiological and genetic correlation is due to shared risk alleles acting independently on both disorders or to causal effects between the disorders. We will combine different analytical methods, leveraging genome-wide data and brain-specific information related to additional omics domains. We will derive information regarding transcriptomic and epigenomic changes in brain tissues and cells. GWASs can identify a large number of genetic variants with potential disease association, but functional analysis remains a challenge. Therefore, we will validate the results through induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to study cellular pathophysiology. The iPSCs carrying the variants significant from the GWAS will be differentiated to neural cells and neural mRNA will be analyzed by RNA-Seq. The expected results will provide novel information regarding the molecular mechanisms at the basis of this pathogenic association, also providing insights that could contribute to develop preventive strategies and therapeutic approaches to address substance abuse and alcohol dependence in subjects with ADHD, a high-risk category.

Mots clés : attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, drug abuse, substance use disorder, genome wide association, gene expression, induced pluripotent stem cells

Participants :
- Yale University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of Barcelona (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 263732.16 €
Projet COBADIM (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The African rainforest, is the second largest on Earth, covers ~630 million ha and stores up to 66 Pg of carbon and is presently a persistent carbon sink. In addition, African rainforest support the forestry sector which contributes 3-6% of the gross domestic product across the Congo Basin with most foreign export directed to Europe. As such, African rainforest currently represents both a local and foreign economic driver and provides important ecosystem services through the negative feedback on the global carbon cycle. Both remote sensing data and tree ring stable isotope measurements have shown that these forests are currently being subjected to a long-term drying trend, raising fears over the drought resilience of tropical tree species and the persistence and magnitude of this important terrestrial carbon sink. Here, we combine eco-physiological and dendrochronological research with a model based approach to increase our understanding of the response of African tropical tree species under changing climatological conditions across the central Congo Basin. We will integrate several data streams including inventory data on soil properties and associated leaf traits, wood traits, phenology, retrospective dendrochronology and wood core stable isotope and calcium tracer time series, in order to constrain a data-informed mechanistic ecosystem model (MuSICA). Using a novel tracer experiment we will corroborate the use of a calcium [Ca] tracer in tropical tree species for rapid dating and eco-physiological research into drought resistance. Accurate model predictions, based upon Ca tracer measurements made during this action, will provide estimates of the vulnerability of tree species to future drought conditions. Our results will have important policy implications as the demise of important tree species could have significant effects on ecosystem services, e.g. affecting the carbon balance, as well as a direct economic impact on sustainable local and EU timber trade.

Mots clés : dendrochronology, stable isotopes, phenology, drought resistance, african rainforests

Participants :
- Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 173076.0 €
Projet AIMMS STAR-PLUS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Cofund Doctoral programme
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS, www.aimms.vu.nl) offers an innovative selection procedure for international Top Master's Students to train a new generation of top scientists who can contribute to solving the problem of bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases. A multitude of microbes, and their resistance in particular, threaten the health of European citizens and the community worldwide. For 'attacking' the bugs involved, we need new multidisciplinary approaches and strategies, including translational thinking all the way from molecule to man. This requires the training of a new breed of excellent young scientists, familiar with the whole scope of drug discovery and development, ADME and safety, systems biology, microbiology and molecular biology. The current Dutch NWO AIMMS STAR programme educates these future experts, combining at least two of these fields and the translational context. This enables implementation of state of the art techniques into new strategies and approaches to beat antimicrobial threats, such as the recent Ebola epidemic. With the aid of the proposed MSCA-COFUND, the AIMMS STAR programme can be extended internationally with four additional PhD positions resulting in an established international AIMMS STAR PLUS programme, with a dedicated, open selection procedure for top-talented MSc- / PhD-students from across Europe.

Mots clés : antimicrobials, resistance, top training, drug discovery and safety, human health, international, excellence, master s graduate programme

Participants :
- Abera Bioscience (Sweden) (Suède) — Partner, organization partner, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 0.0 €
- Uppsala University (Suède) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of Copenhagen (Danemark) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Janssen (Belgium) (Belgique) — Partner, organization partner, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 0.0 €
- KU Leuven (Belgique) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 418560.0 €