Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet FascistPrehistory (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

FascistPrehistory proposes to study the development of palaeolithic archaeology as a field of inquiry in fascist Italy. Breaking away from the traditional historiographic association of archaeology with nationalism, the project seeks to open an international perspective on the conditions that shaped scientific development of the Homo sapiens paradigm under fascism. Considering the Vatican crucial role as a vector of the internationalization of the fascist project, FascistPrehistory scrutinizes the co-construction of the universalist paradigm of Homo sapiens in the contexts of fascist Rome during the 1920s through 40s. It sets its focus on interwar Rome as both the national centre and international display case of Italian culture under the fascist regime. It explores the developments leading up to, and in between, two major shows of palaeolithic archaeology – at the Vatican Missionary Exhibition (1925) and the Esposizione Universale di Roma (1942), respectively. The project concentrates on the role archaeologists played in the construction of the fascist international cultural agenda through their elaboration of universalists scientific discourses.  Bringing together leading experts in the fields of scientific internationalism (Maastricht University) and Catholic and contemporary history (secondment, École française de Rome), FascistPrehistory aims to renew our understanding of the role of the sciences in the building of a cosmopolitan culture under fascism. By means of the placement at Istituto Italiano di Paleontologia Umana, the project will also provide an accessible introduction to fascist scientific heritage to various audiences.

Mots clés : fascism, history of palaeoanthropology, museum studies, vatican

Participants :
- École française de Rome (France) — Partner, associated partner, Recherche, subvention : 0.0 €
- Université de Maastricht (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 187624.32 €
Projet 3NTHESES (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

3NTHESES will bring together innovative additive manufacturing (AM) and electrospinning (ES) biofabrication strategies, to produce a new generation of multi-layer hierarchical multi-material scaffolds (MLHMMS) able to faithfully mimic the multiscale morphology and the mechanical performances of the enthesis tissue. MLHMMS will be designed to drive the stem cells fate. Starting from the morphological study of an animal model, several imaging techniques will be used to acquire and measure all the morphological features of the tendon, the fibrocartilage and the bone tissue. The bone images will be used to produce bone-inspired AM mineralized scaffolds that will be directly printed on ES hierarchical nanofibrous tendon-inspired partially mineralized scaffolds, reproducing the whole enthesis. The mechanical performances of the MLHMMS will be compared with the natural tissue using mechanical tests matched with imaging strain analysis. The optimized MLHMMS, will be seeded with stem cells in comparative static and dynamic cultures in bioreactor following their proliferation, differentiation in tenocyte, fibrochondrocytes, osteocytes and the production of different biological markers, using imaging and biological characterizations. Finally, the cellularized constructs will be mechanically compared with the natural tissue using biomechanical tests. The applicant (Dr. Alberto Sensini) is a research fellow in biofabrication and biomechanics. He will apply the tendon-inspired ES hierarchical scaffold, developed during his Ph.D., and his imaging/biomechanical skills to enhance the biomimicry of these constructs. Moreover, thanks to the supervision, mentoring and training activities provided by the host organization (Maastricht University) on bone AM, stem cells cultures and biological characterizations, he will complete his interdisciplinary biofabrication expert profile.

Mots clés : enthesis regeneration additive manufacturing electrospinning stem cells differentiation bioreactors biological characterizations high resolution x ray tomography biomechanical tests

Participants :
- Université de Maastricht (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 187624.32 €
Projet ROCDISCO (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

RObust Causal DISCOvery  Due to technological advances, the available amount of data has increased tremendously over the last decade. The fields of data science, statistics, computer science and econometrics have followed this growth as they provide indispensable tools for translating data into insights and knowledge. Where data science was traditionally concerned with learning associations in data, it has recently become clear that causal relations often provide a deeper understanding and a stronger tool in many practical applications. This has led to the flourishing of causal inference with some of the most prestigious scientific awards going to pioneers in the field over the last decade. “Can we learn causal mechanisms from observational data?” is one of the compelling questions that is occupying scientists all over the world. Where it was originally answered by skepticism, it has become clear that we are not completely powerless and there are indeed ways to infer causal structure from observational data under the right conditions. However, all of the current methods assume that the observed data perfectly follows the underlying causal structure. Unfortunately, real world data is often contaminated by anomalies and measurement errors, violating this assumption and thus weakening the reliability of methods for causal discovery. This proposal aims to fill this gap by developing methods for causal discovery that remain efficient and reliable under data contamination. In particular, it (i) builds a theoretical framework for robust causal discovery, (ii) develops methods for causal discovery that are provably robust and correctly identify the causal structure and (iii) investigates the effect of contamination on real-world discovery tasks. As a result, in addition to advancing the theoretical understanding of causal discovery, this proposal builds a versatile toolbox to support scientists doing causal discovery and improve the reliability of their findings.


Participants :
- Université de Maastricht (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 203464.32 €
Projet ISLADAPT (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Understanding body size variation across and within species has been a main quest in evolutionary biology, but many of the mechanisms underlying body size evolution remain elusive. This is largely because of the complex interplay of different factors such as climate, diet and interactions with competitors and predators. Island are simplified ecosystems with a reduced number of habitats, species diversity and number of predators, and generally milder climate, making them ideal natural laboratories for dissecting the intricate mechanisms underlying body size evolution. ISLADAPT aims to unravel mechanisms of morphological evolution and species diversification in birds, using both macro and microecological-evolutionary approaches based on state-of-the-art methodologies such as metabarcoding and Bayesian analysis. First, this project will use data from museums and literature for endemic island species and their closest relatives from mainland worldwide (WP1) to unravel the underlying mechanisms, such as changes in the ecological niche, geographical features and phylogeny, that explain the systematic morphological changes on islands (WP2). Second, ISLADAPT will use field-based data to test the hypothesis that morphological changes on islands are linked to changes in the feeding niche breadth. To do this, faeces and biometric data will be analysed from 20 bird species from Gulf Guinean Island and the nearby mainland, and diet composition will be identified with metabarcoding techniques (WP3). Third, ISLADPT will examine the relationship between bird morphological evolution and lineage diversification on islands by using biometric data from museums and phylogenetic information for three archipelagos: New Caledonia, the Gulf of Guinea and Salomon Islands (WP4). ISLADAPT will therefore address central, open questions in island biology and reveal the underlying mechanisms, thereby providing a major contribution to our understanding of island adaptation.

Mots clés : morphology, island patterns, birds, diet, metabarcoding

Participants :
- Biopolis (Spain) (Portugal) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 172618.56 €
Projet COMREF-VATICAN (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project will be the first to explore the crucial – but hitherto neglected – role of the Vatican Relief Commission (the Pontificia Commissione di Assistenza, PCA) in assisting and resettling European refugees after World War II and in the early Cold War. It takes advantage of an unprecedented opportunity: the opening of the part of the Vatican Apostolic Archive (or VAA, named the Vatican Secret Archive until 2019) pertaining to the pontificate of Pius XII (1939-1958) in March 2020. To meet its central aim - providing a new understanding of Western humanitarianism in the postwar period - this project interrogates the documents held in VAA to integrate the missing puzzle piece of papal aid into the picture of the international refugee assistance. It demonstrates the importance of the Vatican’s faith-based humanitarianism and its use of refugees from Eastern Europe as a playing card in building an anti-communist defensive. Three objectives are to be achieved in the lifetime of the project: A) to conduct intensive archival research in the untapped collections of VAA and to triangulate this with material from the archives of the International Refugee Organization (IRO) and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) B) to analyze this primary source material in order to revisit historiographical assumptions on the post-war refugee regime, international humanitarianism, the Catholic Church, and the Cold War C) to disseminate the research findings to the scholarly community, the public, refugees, and policymakers, drawing attention to the importance of historicizing refugee experiences and policies. The methodology of this project combines historical analysis of original archival sources, qualitative research techniques, and interdisciplinary conceptual frameworks. Integrating institutional and bottom-up perspectives, it highlights the issues of gender, class, and ethnicity in experiencing and negotiating displacement.

Mots clés : cold war, refugee history, soviet union, vatican, archives

Participants :
- Université de Vienne (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183600.96 €
Projet CIMA (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Intercultural mediation is a social practice that creates bonds between individuals or groups from different cultural background through the agency of a third party. The agent, or mediator, can be either an individual or a group of people (e.g. an ambassador, a translator, a salesman; immigrants, pilgrims, tourists, and so on) whose activity, often unintentionally, reinforces international relationships and fosters social cohesion especially for what concerns culturally distant and/or hostile groups. The practice exists from ancient times, prompt by various political and economic factors, and the understanding how and why it occurred, and why it succeeded or failed in the past can greatly impact the studies related to intercultural exchange, by amplifying our understanding of social mechanisms that may promote cultural tolerance and manage conflicts. However, current studies related to multicultural coexistence overlook this issue, and the research is further impeded by the lack of a universal theory on mediation or a valid methodology of its study. The CIMA project aims to fill this gap by studying a real-life phenomenon in a historical perspective, in order to enable the use of past sociocultural experiences to address current social issues. Namely, CIMA will examine a series of case studies that emphasize the activity of the ancient Greeks as diplomatic mediators, trading agents and/or transmitters of concepts and ideas between foreign communities (states/tribes), and will develop an adaptable model of analysis of this phenomenon, applicable in various disciplines and fields. Inthis manner, the project will transcend the conventional boundaries between disciplines and open new, interdisciplinary directions for future research. The outputs of the project will be disseminated both in written form in journals, conference proceedings and social media, and as oral presentations, targeting researchers, students and the general public.

Mots clés : intercultural mediation international relations ancient multiculturalism and society greeks and barbarians ancient trade politics, conflict and diplomacy

Participants :
- Université de Vienne (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 199440.96 €
Projet QuaSiProc (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Mathematics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Cell phones, digital cameras, medical imaging, and environmental monitoring: signal processing is at the core of our modern world. Motivated by the emergence of telecommunications in the 1960s, mathematical signal processing succeeded in providing a theoretical framework for the digital transmission of analog data in communication systems. However, as new technologies and applications arrived, much of the existing theory falls short of providing a sufficient formal description to support them. This project contributes to the development of mathematical theory and formal descriptions of many modern signal processing applications that are, to date, merely heuristically validated. My specific objectives are the following: 1) Quantitative analysis of sampling schemes where measurements are collected over continuous trajectories and signals evolve in time during the measuring process, combining different aspects from the theory of mobile sampling and dynamical sampling. 2) Advances in the method of sampling with derivatives (Hermite sampling) to integrate modern signal setups modeled by shift-invariant spaces through exploring new connections with shift-preserving operators' theory. 3) Quantification of existential results concerning sampling and interpolation with quasicrystals to explicitly estimate stability margins.  During my PhD, I worked on harmonic analysis and sampling theory, including the topics of exponential bases, shift-preserving operators, and dynamical sampling: many of the methods I developed will be applied in this project. Complementarily, my supervisor, Jose Luis Romero, is an expert on sampling in shift-invariant spaces, mobile sampling, and quantitative sampling theory. Working at Univie, the academic house of many experts in these fields, I will benefit from the perfect environment to successfully develop my objectives.

Mots clés : sampling theory, mobile sampling, dynamical sampling, hermite sampling, shift invariant spaces, shift preserving operators, quasicrystals, frame theory

Participants :
- Université de Vienne (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 199440.96 €
Projet MAGIQUE (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The interplay between the two main pillars of physics ─ quantum mechanics (QM) and general relativity (GR) ─ has never been understood or tested by scientists, and this has become one of the most important, interesting and challenging research areas over the past decades. So far there is no experiment demonstrating how gravity affects unique quantum features, e.g. superposition and entanglement. This project is aimed to combine quantum interference and GR in a single table-top experiment using Mach-Zehnder fiber interferometry. Single photons and entanglement states will be employed to investigate how gravity alters quantum correlations and superposition of massless particles.  It would be a great scientific breakthrough to demonstrate gravitational-induced effects on single photons and quantum states, paving the way for quantum gravitational lab-scale experiments. This project will push large-scale high-precision single photon interferometry to a new level, leading to the development of cutting-edge techniques from various disciplines ─ quantum photonics, precision interferometry, frequency metrology, etc. This study is timely and highly relevant to the current EU research trends, going in line with the prioritized research directions of Horizon Europe: quantum technologies and time & frequency services.  This project will be implemented in the group of Prof. Philip Walther at the University of Vienna. The host group expertise in quantum control and their state-of-the-art single photon facilities perfectly complements to the Researcher Dr. Yu’s background in interferometric gravitational wave detection and macroscopic QM phenomena. This Fellowship will enable the two parties to combine their skills and achieve the major scientific goals. Furthermore, this Fellowship will greatly improve Dr. Yu’s leadership skills, strongly diversify her knowledge, establish new academic links and boost her track record that would have a significant impact on her academic career.

Mots clés : precision optical interferometry, quantum photonics, gravitational physics, single photon metrology, quantum mechanics, quantum precision measurement, general relativity, fiber optics

Participants :
- Université de Vienne (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183600.96 €
Projet COBLIM (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The fast-growing number of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains is one of the biggest threats to public health. 5 million deaths and billions of euros are associated with drug-resistant bacterial infections per year. Lately, bacteriophages have become an alternative way to increasingly failing traditional direct-acting small antibiotic molecules. However, a deep and detailed understanding of the processes connected to bacteriophage-induced bacterial lysis is still missing. This project aims to develop a unique optical-based multimodal imaging technique for high-speed real-time imaging of phage-induced lysis of bacteria. The suggested tailored combination of coherent brightfield microscopy allowing for fast, label-free, and long-term single bioparticle imaging with advanced electro-optic fluorescence lifetime imaging allowing for dynamic molecular proximity sensing will be a worldwide unique prototype. For the first time, the technique will allow for direct label-free tracking of bacteriophages and simultaneous detection of changes in the inner bacterial environment (e.g., change in pH) and bacterial metabolism during all stages of infection. This will provide a great pool of information currently lacking, that will facilitate and accelerate phage and antimicrobial research. The method can be easily adapted for other bacterial or mammalian cells and single-bioparticle and particle studies, finding its place in drug delivery, cell interaction studies, or tracking particles in cells. Due to the uniqueness of the set of information that currently cannot be gained (under the same conditions) with any other technique, we expect the technology to become standard in future life science imaging.

Mots clés : real time single bioparticle imaging, bacteriophage induced bacterial lysis, biophysics, optics

Participants :
- Université de Vienne (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 215841.07 €
Projet INFOTRUST (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

To foster productive political engagement in contemporary democracies, it is vital to understand how citizens respond to information that challenges their beliefs. Yet relevant research focuses overwhelmingly on the U.S., where public trust in media is uniquely low. INFOTRUST hypothesizes that a major comparative study of low, medium, and high media-trust nations from N. America, Europe, and Asia will upend settled assumptions and promote a more robust theoretical framework for understanding public discourse in the Internet age. Working at the juncture of political science, communication studies and psychology, it will conduct a series of experiments, engineered for cross-national comparability, in 7-8 representative nations, testing whether and how levels of media trust affect the way people select and process attitude-discrepant information. In a first, moreover, the project will operationalize trust at both individual and contextual levels and explore the interactions between them. Its pathbreaking methodology, which adopts web-tracking and eye-tracking techniques, will yield more precise observations than the literature offers, providing a wealth of data for its own conclusions, and for succeeding researchers to plumb. INFOTRUST will facilitate knowledge transfers among E.U. and non-E.U. researchers concerning politics, media, culture, and methodologies. The project will allow an early-career female researcher to gain crucial experience in administering ambitious, cross-national projects, implementing cutting-edge technologies, and working in the E.U. contexts. Moreover, INFOTRUST will employ an international dissemination plan to engage activists, policy makers, journalists, and citizens in its findings, yielding concrete and practical strategies to promote deliberative engagement. The insights it yields will lead to evidence-based solutions for combating political polarization, echo chambers, and the worrisome erosion of democracy we are witnessing at present.

Mots clés : political communication political information use political selective exposure media trust comparative experiments

Participants :
- Université de Vienne (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183600.96 €