Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet c2LEARN (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Introduction: Students use the Internet as the first point of contact when searching for learning materials to assist their studies. Such content may have a low evidence based background and may be misleading. One learning medium that is rated highly by students is the use of short educational videos. Objectives: The aim of this project is to create short video learning materials which are peer reviewed and accessible for dental students. Their creation and use will be an exemplar that may be used in dentistry and have a framework that allows translation into other disciplines. Material and Methods: A questionnaire will be distributed to European Dental Courses to verify their use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) with a focus on the use of short online videos. Following this short instructional videos will be created in several dental subjects and made available online following peer review. Their content will be evaluated qualitatively using face to face interviews with both students and their teachers. Following dissemination at dental education conferences, selected European partners will be invited to take part in evaluating the videos with a view to embedded them in their curriculum. The ER will learn new skills in qualitative research methodology and will develop a network of European Schools to evaluate new video production. Outcomes: This work will create a suite of dental videos that will be available to students across Europe. They will be peer reviewed and made available via the Internet to students. The project will develop a framework for future video creation by educators and will allow translation to other disciplines. The ER will learn a range of multidisciplinary skills including video creation, qualitative research methodology and have a suite of dental videos that will be made available to European Dental Schools. The host institution will benefit from how to embed ICT into dental education and with new partners.

Mots clés : dentistry, teaching, teledentistry, education

Participants :
- University of Birmingham (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet RESISTREE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Invasive alien pathogens and emerging infectious diseases are an unprecedented threat to the capacity of European forests to supply the growing bioeconomy with renewable biomass, carbon sequestration and other essential ecosystem benefits. To strengthen the biosecurity against these pathogens, new, science-based and socially acceptable forest protection solutions need to be developed. The research in RESISTREE will target central knowledge gaps related to a crucial phase of a biological invasion, the establishment phase. Specifically, RESISTREE will deliver in-depth information about the host phenotypic traits and associated mycobiome that can suppress establishment of the invasive Phytophthora-species (Oomycetes) on one of the key stone species of European forests, the European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). We will test hypotheses about (1) H1 - Endophyte assemblages differ between healthy and Phytophthora-infected beech trees; (2) H2 - Certain endophytic fungi (individual species or groups) limit the growth of Phytophthora-species through different mechanisms; (3) H3 - Lesion formation in beech tissues depends on the quality or quantity of endophytic infections in the tissue; and (4) H4 - Phytophthora root infection influences the growth and morphology of seedlings before visible symptoms (chlorosis,lesions) appear. RESISTREE combines theory and methods from ecology, cell biology, mycology and forest pathology, resulting in an original, multidisciplinary research with high potential for ground-breaking findings. RESISTREE will promote transfer of knowledge between academia and the private sector, resulting in an interdisciplinary project. RESISTREE adheres to priorities of the H2020 program, and follow the European recommendations included in the Directive 2009/128/EC, which calls for non-chemical methods of plant protection.

Mots clés : microbiome, forest pathology, phenotype microarrays, phenome, microscopy, host pathogen interaction, biological control

Participants :
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 203852.16 €
Projet CloneInvasion (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Invasive species are one of the major threats to the biodiversity on Earth but despite their bad reputation, they are also essential models for studying rapid evolution and adaptation, species colonization and climate change. Although great progress has been made in many areas of invasion ecology, there are still many open questions about the eco-evolutionary dynamics of invasive species and the evolutionary processes operating at different stages of species spread and invasion. I propose to study the invasive Japanese knotweed species complex to understand species colonization and range expansion by combining museomic (ancient DNA) from herbarium collections with high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies and bioinformatics. Specifically, I will compare data from historical and contemporary individuals to study (1) key transitions and drivers of plant colonization, range expansion, and invasion abilities, across space and time, (2) the role and implications of hybridization and ploidy variation in plant colonization and invasion and (3) identify the presence of genomic regions under selection.

Mots clés : herbarium collections, museomics, spatial and temporal patterns of species range expansion, invasion stages

Participants :
- University of Tübingen (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 162806.4 €
Projet BC AMEL (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Irresponsible breeding of domestic animals is recognised as a significant welfare issue by the European Commission. While surplus dogs and cats might end up as strays, unwanted horses typically end up at horse markets. Some might be rescued, but the majority will end their lives at the slaughterhouse. BC AMEL explores the ambiguous moralities binding young horses’ fates to practices of horse breeding, trading and rescuing, exploring what the annual conjuncture of possible life or imminent death (nonlife) signifies for individual horses, for the humans involved and for the horse (meat) production system. The primary goal of the project is to develop and test socio-hippography as a novel methodological and analytical tool for researching human-horse interactions. Socio-hippography integrates equine existence and experience into the complex fabric of human sociality. It moves beyond anthropocentrism, foregrounding the experiences of nonhuman equine informants, encompassing embodied communication and the documentation of both human and equine biographical narratives. Field research will be conducted in Austria, where a national breeding program to preserve the heavy draught Noriker horse is established and where hundreds of foals end up as meat each year. Based on a multi-sited approach expanded to include animals, the researcher will follow a cohort of Noriker foals from birth to sale (Austria) and possible rescue (Germany) over a period of two years. The researcher will be integrated into the lively, vibrant research community provided by the Exeter Anthrozoology as Symbiotic Ethics (EASE) working group. Training within this multi-disciplinary network of scholars and experts in human-horse relations, and close interaction and exchange with the supervisor will enable the researcher to establish herself as an expert at the cutting edge of research into human-horse relations, and as a mediator between academia, policy makers and the equestrian industry.

Mots clés : human horse relations, socio hippography, horse meat production, horse rescue and welfare

Participants :
- University of Exeter (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet FABCARB (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most commonly diagnosed conditions in the EU with a prevalence of 10-15%, and although not fatal, it is associated with significant co-morbidities and societal costs. The causes of IBS are not well understood, although it has been suggested that there are dietary triggers of the disease, in particular fermentable carbohydrates such as resistant starch (RS). It is believed that alterations to the gut microbiota in IBS sufferers’ leads to changes in the mechanism of fermentation of carbohydrates, resulting the symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating and diarrhoea commonly associated with IBS. This project aims to identify the underlying mechanisms of fermentation of different forms of RS in healthy and IBS patients groups, and to uncover key differences in RS fermentation between these two groups. This will contribute to a deeper understanding of the underlying causes of IBS and help inform improved dietary guidelines and treatment options for patients. The approach I will take is to use in vitro chemostat models of the human colon, seeded with faeces from either healthy or IBS patient volunteers. Different physical forms of RS will be used as substrates for the colon models. The fermentation behaviour of the different substrates will be characterised in detail. The kinetics of gas and short chain fatty acid production will be monitored during fermentation. 16S sequencing will be used to identify key fermentative genera, and to assess differences in microbiota between healthy and IBS groups. This sequence data will then be used to generate specific probes for fluorescence in situ hybridisation microscopy to explore differences in the physical interaction between microbes and starch during fermentation. These data will be used to identify differences in microbial community composition, key fermentative species and fermentation pathways and end-products between different forms of RS by healthy and IBS patient microbiota.

Mots clés : irritable bowel syndrome, starch, fermentation, carbohydrate, microbiota

Participants :
- UK Research and Innovation (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet ZeNewCardio (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. However, heart transplantation is risky, plus the number of donors does not cover the demand of patients, and alternative treatments are inefficient. Given that adult mammalian hearts display insufficient regeneration capability to allow complete myocardial recovery, a promising treatment after infarction could be the identification of molecules unblocking cardiac self-healing/regeneration. In that sense, zebrafish displays life-long ability to regenerate its heart after damage. Interestingly, the same genetic programs promoting cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation and proliferation after injury in zebrafish are present, albeit dormant, in the adult mammalian heart. This makes zebrafish a powerful model to unravel key molecular pathways that might induce heart regeneration in humans, if activated. Here, we propose the development of ZeNewCardio: a high-throughput preclinical platform using the zebrafish model to find suitable treatments for heart regeneration after ischemia. The project aims are: 1) to implement cardiac injury models in zebrafish; 2) to use these models to identify genes involved in heart regeneration, with a focus on genes enabling cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation/proliferation; 3) to use the gathered knowledge to discover novel cardiac pro-regeneration drug therapies applicable to humans. Our genetic and analysis tools will speed-up the process of target validation of novel gene regulators of regeneration, based on the stimulation of endogenous regenerative responses, and the discovery of new drug therapies to treat or protect ischemic hearts.

Mots clés : zebrafish, cardiac regeneration, drug discovery, transgenesis, heart ischemia

Participants :
- ZeClinics (Spain) (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 160932.48 €
Projet VasoRecovery (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Ischemic stroke is one of the most common causes of disability and death in the EU. Improvements in treatment and prevention of ischemic stroke have reduced this burden, but consequently, patients living with chronic post-stroke conditions are increasing in number. Addressing this emergent public health problem will require novel rehabilitation interventions at the clinical level. Recovery after stroke correlates closely with cerebral vascular function, such that patients with dysfunction of vascular reactivity exhibit significant functional impairment. On the other side, inflammation in autoimmune and infectious diseases has been demonstrated to also result in dysfunction of cerebral blood flow regulation. However, a potential mechanistic link between the post-stroke inflammatory response and chronically impaired vascular dysfunction after stroke has yet not been studied in detail. Therefore, the goal of this project is to identify the impact of cerebral, neuroinflammatory and systemic innate immune responses to vascular dysfunction after experimental stroke. To achieve this goal, under the supervision of Dr. Arthur Liesz at the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, I will learn to specifically target immune cell populations, analyze chronic functional outcomes after stroke and gain expertise in performing in vivo multimodal imaging. Dr. Liesz runs an interdisciplinary highly collaborative research program within the conceptual framework of stroke-immunology. I will be able to contribute my previously acquired expertise in neurovascular function and in vivo vascular imaging for the success of this project. The Marie Sklodowska-Curie individual fellowship (MSC IF) will allow me to obtain the required methodological knowledge, access to critical infrastructure and collaboration partners in order to achieve this interdisciplinary and ambitious objective.

Mots clés : immunology, neurovascular coupling, in vivo multimodal imaging, stroke, recovery

Participants :
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 162806.4 €
Projet NaKStruc (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Isoform complexes of Na,K-ATPase , an αβ-heterooligomer, have recently been identified as crucial regulators of muscle and neural physiology and were furthermore identified as the primary cause of neurological diseases. Of particular interest are α2β2 & α2β3, which are expressed in muscle and astrocytes (α2β2) and the ciliary body (α2β3). Both exhibit a significantly lower affinity for K-ions and a steeper voltage dependence than the housekeeping α1β1 complex. These features keep α2-isoforms inactive at resting conditions but allow to respond to transient elevations of extracellular K after muscle and neuronal activity. Moreover, both complexes can be selectively inhibited by cardiac steroids, making them promising drug targets for the treatment of heart failure (α2β2) and glaucoma (α2β3). Differences in affinity for K and cardiac steroids were attributed to the β-subunit recently, yet the root cause and molecular details remained elusive. Hence, I propose to investigate the structure of α2-isoforms purified from the yeast Pichia pastoris by x-ray crystallography and cryo electron microscopy. In addition to its physiological and pharmacological role mutations of Na,K-ATPase cause severe neurological diseases, e.g. Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhhod. Disease mutations typically inactivate the Na-pump causing severe motor and cognitive disorder. However, the effects of mutations on the ATPase’s reaction cycle have not been investigated in detail, leaving the cause of inactivation in the dark. Part two of the proposal addresses this gap of knowledge. The two most common mutations E815K and D801N will be expressed in P. pastoris and the effect of mutations on partial reactions of the Na,K-ATPase’s reaction cycle will be investigated and subsequently, structural studies will be carried out. This work will promote our understanding of Na,K-ATPase in health and disease and lay the foundation for the development of new drugs.

Mots clés : k atpase, 2 isoforms, atp1a3, alternating hemiplegia of childhood, cradiotonic steroids, cryo em, x ray crystallography, pichia pastoris

Participants :
- Aarhus University (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 200194.8 €
Projet HOEMEV (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

It has been widely recognized that vehicle electrification provides a potential way for the EU to move towards a more decarbonized transport system and sustainable circular economy. To increase the market share of electric vehicles (EVs), control technology plays an indispensable role in improving the overall efficiency of EVs; however, EV control problem is very challenging because EVs exhibit complex dynamics with uncertainties and nonlinearities, and strong physical couplings among different subsystems. The overarching objective of this project is to develop a novel computationally efficient hierarchical adaptive optimal control framework incorporating transportation information and drivers’ habits suitable for energy management of EVs. To enhance the computational power of the framework, an effective fast optimisation method based on quadratic programming (QP), a novel velocity predictor with varying-prediction-horizon calibrator, and a fast MPC controller will be developed and embedded into the hierarchical control framework, so as to achieve multi-objective optimal control targets, i.e. maximum fuel economy, reduction of emissions, improvement of drivability and battery life extension. Moreover, a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test platform will be built up for real-time experiments to validate the efficacy of the proposed approaches. The project will contribute to both control theory and applications in EVs with promising extensions to other engineering problems. This project will sufficiently merge the critical information of human, road and vehicle with a hierarchical control framework to facilitate the energy management of EVs.

Mots clés : hierarchical adaptive optimal control, economic model predictive control, energy management, electric vehicles

Participants :
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 224933.76 €
Projet SESAME (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

It is a well-accepted concept that organisms aren’t shaped by their genes alone, but respond variedly to different environments. In recent years it has become evident that these responses to environments are in fact heritable and can be transmitted across generations. In rapidly changing environments this may have important consequences for the ability of populations to adapt and avoid extinction. To date, we know very little about the role of non-genetic mechanisms on adaptation and evolutionary processes, a gap that needs to be filled if we want to be able to understand and predict how climate change is going to affect natural populations. Here, I will harness an emerging framework for the study of dietary ecology, in which diets that maximise components of reproduction and longevity can be created, based on the amino acid content of the translated exome (i.e., the DNA sequence of the coding portions of genes) of an organism. This so-called “exome-matched” diet will help to resolve outstanding questions in the rapidly developing field of non-genetic inheritance, principally by uncovering the role of non-genetic effects in evolutionary adaptation. In addition, sex-specific effects may serve to prepare offspring for environmental conditions in a sex-specific way, but despite fundamentally different reproductive strategies the interacting roles of parental and offspring sex is so far under explored. The project builds upon my expertise with social and diet-induced effects and expands my skills into the fields of optimal nutrition and sexual conflict. Using cutting edge experimental and genomic approaches in collaboration with a major Spanish Research Centre and one of Australia’s top Universities, this project will yield high impact results in evolutionary biology, and act as a springboard for my own academic development, facilitating my transition to becoming an independent group leader.

Mots clés : multi generational effects, parental effects, exome matched diet, indirect genetic effects, diet, optimisation, sex specific adaptation, fitness, non genetic inheritance, gene expression, environment

Participants :
- Spanish National Research Council (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 269939.52 €
- Monash University (Australie) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €