Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet BiBiCrossLang (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Bilinguals activate words from both languages when listening, reading or speaking in one language, and engage non-linguistic cognitive control abilities to resolve cross-linguistic competition. Most studies of cross-language activation have focused on activation between languages through overlapping phonological representations. However, cross-language activation also occurs in deaf or hearing bilinguals who are familiar with a spoken language and a sign language, two languages without overlapping phonological systems. The proposed research aims to systematically investigate phonological and lexical-semantic contributions to cross-language activation during production and comprehension by studying and comparing cross-language activation patterns in three groups of bilinguals: (1) bilinguals with two spoken languages, and (2) hearing and (3) deaf bimodal bilinguals. Four studies are proposed that combine behavioural, eye-tracking and electrophysiological techniques to examine whether and how the availability of same-modality vs. different-modality phonological systems differentially modulates the nature of cross-language interaction and the recruitment of cognitive control mechanisms during bilingual production and comprehension. By including deaf as well as hearing bimodal bilinguals, the studies will furthermore provide critical insight into the linguistic mechanisms underlying cross-language activation between a spoken language and a signed language, and significantly advance bilingual approaches to language acquisition and processing in deaf readers.

Mots clés : bilingualism, cross language activation, sign language, visual word recognition, cognitive control

Participants :
- Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 170121.6 €
Projet INVISIBLE WATERS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Billions of people rely for their everyday existence on aquifers. The invisibility of these waters, however, poses formidable challenges for those who rely on them: locating, measuring and controlling aquifers is complex and precarious, yet of utmost importance for human survival in many parts of the world. The overall aim of the proposed project is to explore the vital connections between humans and aquifers in everyday life. Building on trans-disciplinary studies that consider water as the contested nexus of social and political affairs, this project explores groundwater as both mediating and generating diverse ‘groundwater practices’: as an invisible resource, groundwater requires visualization; as an underground supply, it calls for innovative extractive techniques; as a finite good, groundwater needs to be regulated and controlled; and as a practical everyday resource, it sustains irrigation, sanitation, and human consumption. Through ethnographic fieldwork in Atacama Desert of Northern Chile, this project will develop an analytical framework to understand how social relations are affected by various groundwater practices. The proposed research will explore such practices with a focus on the effects that the visualization of aquifers has on socio-economic and eco-political inequalities. Through transdisciplinary training at the Universidad Católica del Norte, I will strengthen methodological skills to study the groundwater practices of indigenous communities, hydro-geologists and state administrators. I will transfer the acquired skills to the UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, where I will strengthen understandings of the dynamics among groundwater practices, power, and culture, providing trans-disciplinary input for policymakers engaged in the design and realization of the Sustainable Development Goals. Findings will be disseminated among policymakers, academics, and broader audiences concerned with environmental sustainability.

Mots clés : water studies, social relations, invisibility, aquifers, human practices, infrastructures, connections, ethnographic methods, actor network theory, political ecology, latin america, sustainability

Participants :
- IHE Delft Institute for Water Education (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 190862.1 €
- Universidad Católica del Norte (Chili) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet DisorMetox (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Binary transition metal oxides (MxOy) have been studied as anode electrode materials for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) for many years. Defined as a class of conversion material, these MxOy undergo multi-electron reactions (per formula unit) leading to highly desirable capacities and have drawn considerable attention. Over the last decade, most of the earlier efforts were devoted to material nanostructuring, which has proven effective to enhance the overall material performance. However, critical issues such as the large hysteresis and low Coulombic efficiency remain key obstacles hindering the commercial application of MxOy. To overcome these obstacles requires a good understanding of the reaction fundamentals, which has yet been achieved due to the challenges involved in the characterisation of these MxOy. Previous mechanistic studies found that these MxOy undergo a chemical pulverisation leading to coexistence of multiple nanoscopic/defected or even amorphous/disordered phases. In view of these complex structural features and high heterogeneity of the system, it is difficult for a quantitative and accurate phase identification and structural characterization using conventional analytical approaches. This proposal will, therefore, develop a novel approach based on reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) method using the X-ray/neutron total scattering data, to study the reaction thermodynamics of these MxOy in the LIBs with emphasis on the investigation of the (apparent) structural disorder and (hidden) order present in the system. The proposed project will target a series of iron and manganese oxides as model compounds because they are the most studied conversion MxOy and their stable phases manifest considerable compositional/crystallographic variations constituting a large library of materials for a systematic study. The project will be hosted by Prof. Andrew Goodwin (Oxford Chemistry), an expert in studying complex structures of functional materials and their unusual properties.

Mots clés : transition metal oxides, lithium ion batteries, reaction mechanism, total scattering, rmc method

Participants :
- University of Oxford (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet YOUNG FARMERS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

A global difficulty of attracting youth into farming, and the growing pressure on institutions to respond to the demand for efficient knowledge-transfer to youth in the digital age, are two key challenges within the contemporary socio-economic research. The YOUNG FARMERS project addresses these challenges by exploring the important but poorly explored question of how the global needs of youth in farming can benefit from digital communication technologies. There is already increasing use of digital communication tools by institutions to support generational renewal in farms such as establishing online youth forums, supporting digital farming platforms, using social media to disseminate information, and mobilize youth. However, these tools are still relatively new, thus it remains unclear as to how exactly they may contribute to generational renewal. The YOUNG FARMERS project aims to explore this digital communication transformation to develop a new thinking that guides generational renewal policies with a cross-national study in the USA and in Germany. At the center of the digital communication concept is the “networked individualism” model, which has been developed by digital sociology field to understand behavior patterns. Project conduct a study on the “networked” nature of youths’ economic behavior with focus on youth engagement into farming as a “career option”. The project is innovative, as it provides new perspectives to structure public debates in the area of rural youth, agricultural policies, and digital government. This project contributes (1) to the rise in new knowledge-transfer initiatives (e.g. EU young farmers’ networks, Erasmus+ apprenticeships in agriculture) that intend to offer new communication approaches to promote European young farming talents, and (2) to support the development of the human capital dimension of the Common Agricultural Policy post-2020, which has identified generational renewal as one of its nine goals.

Mots clés : generational renewal in farming, digital communication, youth labour market behavior, comparative study

Participants :
- Pennsylvania State University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Leibniz Association (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 264669.12 €
Projet DIS2 (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

A global influenza pandemic is imminent and public health preparedness plans that address the needs of vulnerable populations are indispensable. While researchers have documented socioeconomic and geographic variables that contribute to disparities in infection and mortality, there has been little to no investigation of disability as a risk factor during influenza pandemics, despite the warnings of epidemiologists that persons with disabilities would be at increased risk. Drawing on rich historical data from the 1918 influenza pandemic, this project addresses this gap through a novel interdisciplinary and mixed methods approach. Quantitative and qualitative analyses will explore differential outcomes based on forms of disability and institutionalisation. Results of demographic analyses and insights from archival, historical, and ethnographic literature will inform the construction of an agent-based computer simulation model that will help explain observed patterns and evaluate the effectiveness of potential interventions. A short visit will enable regional comparisons between Norway and Sweden and enhance theoretical and methodological links between epidemiological and disability research. The fellow will benefit from the expertise of a European centre of excellent research, the Centre for Welfare and Labour Research, at Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway. Building on the fellow's previous work and skills in both epidemic modelling and disability research, the project activities will lead to further development of the fellow's professional maturity, while the results will have a key impact on the advancement of multiple academic disciplines, and as called for in EU and UN policies, on the improvement of the citizen rights and health of persons with disabilities.

Mots clés : disability, epidemics, pandemics, 1918 influenza, preparedness plan, inequality and socioeconomic factors in pandemics, agent based modelling, interdisciplinary research

Participants :
- OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University (Norvège) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 202158.72 €
Projet SE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : SIGNED

A high dependence of chemical industry on crude oil raises multiple concerns due to its limited supply and an environmental and politico-economic impact. Thus, the development of more sustainable and renewable systems for the production of fuels and materials is highly desirable. Biomass is an available and renewable source of an organic matter. Production of bio-based fuels and chemicals results in a carbon-neutral cycle. Lignocellulosic biomass or woody biomass is a non-edible source of biomass. It makes lignocellulose an especially attractive source for the production of chemicals, fuels and materials, since it does not directly compete with the production of food. Lignocellulose is in essence a mixture of three classes of polymers: cellulose (38–50 wt%), hemicellulose (23–32 wt%) and lignin (15–40 wt%). Cellulose is a polysaccharide with a regular, semi-crystalline structure; hemicellulose is an amorphous irregular polysaccharide comprising of xylose, galactose, arabinose, mannose, etc. Among these three components lignin stands out as being the largest source of naturally occurring aromatics. Lignin has a complex and inhomogeneous structure. That is why unlike carbohydrate part of biomass (cellulose and hemicellulose), lignin finds a limited application in the chemical industry. In the current project we aim to develop an integrated process for the simultaneous production of degradable aromatic polyesters and 2-butene from lignin. This will be achieved in a three-step process. First, we will implement a reductive catalytic fractionation of wood to generate iso-eugenol and propenyl syringol from lignin . We envision to further transform these products into biphenolic compounds and butene via a metathesis reaction. In the final step we will convert bisphenols into polyesters via a condensation polymerization with maleic and succinic anhydrides.

Mots clés : lignin, catalysis, polyesters, light olefins, metathesis, catalytic fractionation of woody biomass, bio based materials

Participants :
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 261192.0 €
- Yale University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet GeoDust (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Staff Exchanges
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

A lot of cement plants all around Europe are standing before problem of by-pass kiln dust disposal. Nowadays small part of production is added in stabilizing admixture and the rest is disposed of as a waste material. In light of the fact that this material contains approximately 10–50 wt. % of KCl, free lime and dicalcium silicate, the possibility of their usage in alkali activated systems is at hand. Project proposal deals with, research and testing of alkali activated concretes based on by pass kiln dust and other suitable industrial waste. Project is primarily focused on concrete, which properties are defined by European standards. The precast concretes will fulfil all quality and properties requirements demanded in industrial application. Project proposal will be implemented by consortium of university research organizations (Brno University of Technology, Technical University of Ostrava, and Institute of Eduardo Torroja for construction Science-CSIS), by-pass kiln dust producer (Cemmmag Inc.) and large scale producer of prefabricated concretes (ŽPSV Inc.). This consortium has a high potential to successfully and sophisticatedly implement above described research tasks.

Mots clés : cement kiln dust, geopolymers, concrete

Participants :
- Zpsv s.r.o. (Rép. Tchèque) — Partner, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 18000.0 €
- Cemmac as (Slovaquie) — Partner, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 54000.0 €
- Brno University of Technology (Rép. Tchèque) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 315000.0 €
- Technical University of Ostrava (Rép. Tchèque) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 135000.0 €
- Spanish National Research Council (Espagne) — Partner, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 36000.0 €
Projet EvolvAnt (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

A major question in evolutionary biology is understanding how complex novel phenotypes evolve. The 20,000 species of ants provide a unique framework to understand which genes are involved in social evolution and which tradeoffs underpin changes in social organization. Ants are characterized by a remarkable division of labor whereby individuals from specialized castes reproduce (queens, males) while others (workers) build and defend the nest, rear brood and forage for food. The ancestral social organization which evolved ~140 million years ago included a single queen and her highly related offspring. However, there have been at least 24 convergent evolutionary transitions from this ancestral social form to a derived form of social organization with multiple reproductive queens per colony. Importantly, differences in queen number are associated with major life history differences including dispersal strategy, intracolony relatedness, pathogen load, territoriality, intra- and inter-species competitiveness and ecological niche. These cases offer comparisons which can be used to identify potential genetic switches between different social systems. Our proposal will build extensively on the massive natural replication these large numbers of convergent occurrences provide. Are any genes or pathways consistently under different selection pressure after a species has transitioned to exclusively multiple-queen colonies? Does the derived form of social organization have additional effects on genome evolution such as reducing the efficacy of selection? We will address such questions using a strong phylogenomic framework encompassing 40 species and 15 convergent transitions. Our results will have major implications on our understanding of the mechanisms and costs involved in the evolution of this complex social phenotype.

Mots clés : social evolution, genome evolution, molecular evolution, sociality, natural selection, phylogenomics

Participants :
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet CONSCRISIS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

A striking feature of the Great Recession is the fall in households’ expenditure and its slow recovery. The extraordinary duration of this contraction with respect to previous recessions stimulated the interest of scholars and policymakers in the analysis of its causes. In the early part of the crisis it is partly explained by a sudden crash in asset values. More recently, the decline in consumer confidence in several European countries is likely to have played a major role. This project aims to explore which factors explain why consumption has moved following the crisis and to assess the relevance of downwards revisions of income expectations. Households who experience a deep and prolonged period of economic downturn, such as the Great Recession, may become increasingly convinced about the permanence of income shocks over time. Gradual downwards revisions of expectations about permanent income are likely to lead to a series of downwards adjustments in consumption spending. This project will exploit a structural approach that will enable me to investigate the relevance for consumption of this process of adjustment. The contribution of this proposal is threefold. First, it improves the understanding of households’ consumption choices by analysing the role of income expectations. Second, it adds to the literature that investigates the determinants of the recession. The third contribution is methodological. An integral part of the project will be the elaboration and numerical solution of a lifecycle consumption-savings model with the novel feature that agents cannot (fully) observe the nature of the income shock and, thus, need time to learn about its permanence. The relevance of this proposal in a European perspective is enhanced by the cross-country perspective of the empirical analysis. The outstanding experts in Econometrics, Economics of Consumption and, more precisely, in the use of structural models, make UCL the perfect environment to carry out this project.

Mots clés : households  consumption, financial crisis, expectations on future earnings, structural models

Participants :
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet A2M2TECH (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Cofund Doctoral programme
Statut du projet : SIGNED

A2M2TECH (Doctoral Programme in Advanced Materials&Advanced Manufacturing Technologies) is an excellence doctoral training programme presented by Gazi University (GU) in Turkey as beneficiary and main hosting organisation through the Additive Manufacturing Technology Application and Research Center (EKTAM), the National Center of Excellence for AM. The programme is completed with the participation of other 3 entities as Partner Organisations recruiting fellows: Middle East Technical University, İstanbul Technical University and İzmir Institute of Technology. During the 60 months of duration of A2M2TECH, one single Open Call will be launched for the recruitment of 22 early-stage researchers (ESRs). Excellence in research&education Will be achieved through a complete research&training programme combining cutting-edge multidisciplinary topics in the AM field with a wide range of research&non-research oriented skills, thus impacting on the future career perspectives of the fellows and aligning the programme objectives and results with EU strategies and objectives regarding human resources, research&innovation. A2M2TECH will establish an open, transparent and merit-based procedure for the recruitment with the aim of providing the next-generation of skilled scientists in the bourgeoning fields of Advanced Manufacturing, Advanced Materials&Additive Manufacturing. All the participating organisations in the programme have an outstanding track-record in terms of recruitment and training of doctoral researchers and they all support the European Charter for Researchers and the Code of Conduct for the Recruitment of Researchers, thus ensuring the best possible conditions to enhance the potential and future career perspectives for the recruited researchers. In addition, recruited fellows will be provided with the opportunity to carry out secondments in several national&international host institutions with a particular focus on the intersectoral University-Industry collaboration.

Mots clés : advanced materials, additive manufacturing, advanced manufacturing technologies, process design, process simulation

Participants :
- Gazi University (Turquie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 2386560.0 €