Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet GLYCO-WAY (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The recent emergence and spread of anti-microbial resistance (AMR) generates serious concerns. AMR related infections result in 25K deaths and €1.5 billion healthcare costs in the EU annually. A promising strategy involves strengthening the intestinal barrier and modulating gut microbiota using prebiotics. Cell walls polysaccharides, mainly from S. cerevisiae, showed great potential for mitigating antibiotic burden. At present however, our understanding of the mechanism of action underlying these biological effects is significantly lacking, mostly due a rudimentary characterization which hinders identification of key molecules and delays the production of effective feed supplements. This primitive characterization is due to the heterogeneous nature of polysaccharides, which have challenged researchers for years. Recent technological breakthroughs now provide analytical toolsets that enable a more comprehensive understanding of the fine structure of large polysaccharides. Based on the hypothesis that other yeast strains will have the same positive effects than S. cerevisiae, this project will employ cutting edge Glycomics approaches to unravel mannan and glucan structures from the most widely used non-saccharomyces yeast strains in the wine industry, and subsequently evaluate their effectiveness, isolated and in combination, to reveal key mechanistic insights. The project will be carried out in The Barile Lab at the UC-Davis (USA), an internationally recognized center with experience in Glycomics applied to Food Science, and in the CSIC (Spain), one of the most productive research institution in EU. The knowledge gained by the applicant in Glycomics for Food Science will be transferred to the EU by implementing a European Reference Center in this field at CSIC (Madrid, Spain). The objectives proposed, will enable the applicant to become an expert in glycomics and strengthen his professional independence. The proposed research is in line with the H2020 objectives.

Mots clés : prebiotic, antibiotics, polysaccharides, cell walls, yeast, glycomics

Participants :
- Spanish National Research Council (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 263732.16 €
- University of California System (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet MigYouBra (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The recent migration research agenda emphasises the need to advance the conceptual framework to understand the unique circumstances of the “generation on the move”. In particular, researchers in the field stress the need to connect research on youth and migration studies. Research on immobility is also required to overcome the “mobility bias” that persists in migration studies. The central proposition of the MigYouBra project is to explore how young people in the Global South decide and manage to "stay put" in a context of high transnational mobility and how they perceive the desirability of staying put compared with that of migrating. The research will examine the different ways of staying put, investigating the motivations, degree of (in)voluntariness, and narratives of young people who remain. The project will be centered on Governador Valadares, the “national capital” of transnational migration in Brazil. The context of Governador Valadares allows focuses on the protagonism of youth migration, and its relation not only to transnational migration but also to mobility. The key research approach of the project is mixed-method ethnography based on field research and quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques. The multidisciplinary nature of the project is strong, combining approaches from geography, youth studies, migration studies, and ethnography. The project will create extra-European opportunities for long-term research partnership. This proposal includes both the transfer of knowledge to the host institution and the training of the candidates in new advanced research techniques. Project results will increase understanding the drivers of young people's migration while also developing and strengthening the research skills of the Experienced Researcher.

Mots clés : migration aspirations, youth  im mobility, transnational mobility, brazil, governador valadares

Participants :
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (Brésil) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of Lisbon (Portugal) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 237768.0 €
Projet QuanToPol (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The recently proposed idea of topological band classification in photonic crystals has led to the prediction and observation of topologically nontrivial photonic phases, phenomenologically similar to Quantum Hall and Quantum Spin Hall electronic phases, and to the development of a new field in physics – topological photonics. Photons at the edges of topologically nontrivial photonic crystals are protected from backscattering and can be used for unidirectional guiding of light, which is extremely promising for optical logical device applications and for future optical computers. These ideas have recently given a new dimension to the field of polaritonics, which is the semiconductor optics equivalent of cavity quantum electrodynamics, where bound electron-hole pairs, or excitons, are strongly coupled to cavity photons to give rise to interacting quasiparticles: polaritons. Topological polaritonic states were shown to emerge in nanostructured microcavities solely from polariton repulsive interactions and can be controlled by optical means, contrary to the purely photonic case. In contrast to electronic and photonic topological physics, quantum topological polaritonics combines strong nonlinear and non-Hermitian quantum effects that remain to be explored. This project will provide the fundamental theory basis for quantum topological polaritonics, a new emerging field that unites topological photonics with polaritonics. The applicant, in collaboration with the host group, will develop the geometric theory and the topological classification of polaritonic states, accounting for their strongly nonlinear and non-Hermitian nature. He will also apply this theory to the experimentally studied polaritonic systems with potential impact on optical devices of the future.

Mots clés : polaritons, microcavities, geometric, topological, nonlinear, non hermitian, driven dissipative, condensates

Participants :
- Université Clermont Auvergne (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 196707.84 €
Projet EU-TRHeaDS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The recognition of transnational healthcare rights of EU migrant citizens is a precondition for free movement within the Union. Although progressive coordination has been fostered by EU laws, the existence of bureaucratic barriers affecting the realisation of EU citizens’ rights at the point of access to Member States’ healthcare systems has been frequently reported. EU-TRHeaDS investigates how, why and to what extent street-level bureaucrats discriminate against EU migrant citizens who require access to public healthcare. It will combine qualitative policy analysis methodology with a survey experiment with street-level workers operating at the front-line of healthcare services in two Belgian Regions and two Spanish Autonomous Communities. In doing so, it will isolate the causal effect of citizens’ identity markers on street-level decisions, while assessing the impact of different political contexts and types of healthcare systems on street-level work. Theoretically, EU-TRHeaDS links the street-level bureaucracy perspective in public administration studies with the nascent debate on health-related deservingness to test the institutional, political and individual determinants of street-level decisions. Empirically, it fills two gaps in the welfare-mobility nexus scholarship, shifting the focus from welfare to healthcare entitlements, and focusing on implementation practices rather than on countries’ formal policies. Methodologically, it provides a comprehensive approach to the study of street-level decisions, carrying out an original comparative research that combines qualitative and experimental methods. Substantively, EU-TRHeaDS unveils how the complex equilibrium between EU citizens’ transnational rights and Member States’ bounded healthcare systems materialises, which is critical in times of renewed debates on “Social Europe” and the challenges posed by COVID-19 to intra-EU mobility.

Mots clés : policy implementation, street level bureaucracy, welfare deservingness, intra eu mobility, eu citizens  social rights, comparative healthcare studies, qualitative policy analisys, survey experiments

Participants :
- University of Liège (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 166320.0 €
Projet NASYCANE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The reduction of atmospheric CO2 is one of the most pressing challenges of our generation. Electrochemical reduction of industrial CO2 emissions is one critical goal as it would enable the direct production of readily-stored chemical fuels. Furthermore, the simple technology (mild temperature and aqueous electrolyte) would facilitate the coupling of electrochemical CO2 reduction with intermittent, renewable electricity sources. However, while there have been considerable advances in catalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), particularly with oxide-derived metals, existing materials are limited by high overpotentials and/or lack of selectivity. There is still a pressing need for catalysts that are highly-active, selective (particularly to C2 products), durable and economically-viable. Theoretical and experimental studies have identified transition metal (TM) carbides and nitrides as promising electrocatalysts for the CO2RR. However, the development of these materials has been limited by the lack of control over size and morphology in existing synthetic methods. This project will use a simple and scalable new 'nanocasting' method to produce TM carbide and nitride electrocatalysts with high activity and durability in the CO2RR.

Mots clés : materials chemistry, tm carbides, tm nitrides, nanocasting, electrocatalysis, co2 reduction

Participants :
- University of Birmingham (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet LEAF-2-TBM (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The representation of terrestrial ecosystems is a key source of uncertainty in future projections of the coupled carbon cycle/climatic system. Current Terrestrial Biosphere Models (TBMs) represent the worldwide vegetation by a dozen of rigid Plant Functional Types (PFT), with empirical mechanisms calibrated on discrete observations. As a result, TBMs represent highly diverse ecosystems such as tropical forests with only one clone of the same plant. This over-simplified representation arises from the lack of observations in some regions such as over Africa, which leads to widely diverging results for C cycling and nutrient/water limitations under future scenarios. Simulating plant diversity is crucial for assessing global change impact on ecosystems and their feedback on climate. LEAF2TBM targets the unresolved challenge for TBMs to simulate the effects of plant diversity on tropical forest ecosystem functioning and associated global biogeochemical cycles based on an integrated assessment of processes across different scales. I will achieve this by using unique concomitant field observations of carbon dioxide and water vapor exchanges measured at multiple scales (from individuals to ecosystem) and state-of-the-art modelling approaches to ( 1 ) accurately quantify the effect of the functional diversity on ecosystems fluxes for two forests located in the Congo Basin and Amazon; ( 2 ) disentangle the roles of species composition and environment on ecosystems fluxes; and ( 3 ) provide a robust estimate of the global C budget uncertainty for tropical forests in TBMs. LEAF2TBM will enhance EU scientific excellence and will be a crucial step for guiding the development of the next generation TBMs that are central for policy decision making. The science excellence and training through LEAF2TBM will enable me to apply for senior research positions or an ERC starting grant in the future, which would allow me to establish my own research group on terrestrial ecology.

Mots clés : terrestrial biosphere model, tropical forests, gas exchange, carbon cycle, functional diversity, functional traits, upscaling, photosynthesis

Participants :
- Ghent University (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 178320.0 €
Projet FuSEL (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The research aims to understand the organization and functioning of services for the community in early modern London through a concrete case study, namely the ways in which funerals and burials were managed during the long eighteenth century (1670-1852). I selected the case of London in order to complete a long-term comparative study that began with my doctoral research. By extending my research to London, I will be able to compare it with Paris and Naples, which I analysed in my previous research experiences. These three capitals were the most populous cities in Europe during the study period. How did these multifaceted societies solve issues of collective interest before the birth of modern public services? Which elements did modern public services inherit from them? In order to ask to these questions, I will make use of an interdisciplinary methodology taking advantage of expertise acquired at Birkbeck, University of London, under the guidance of an excellent supervisor (Professor Vanessa Harding). Working in a large, many-faceted academic entity such as the University of London will be a considerable milestone in my career. I will acquire a strong comparative methodology that is essential for my long-term research purpose. Furthermore, I will attain important competences in both educational and research policies, as well as a better understanding of administrative issues, in English-speaking countries, which still differ considerably from the countries where I worked until now (Italy and France). Parallel to the program of research and training, I will put in place a series outreach activities that will enable me to engage with a wider public and share the relevance of historical research for an understanding of today’s problems and the development of adequate responses to these by decision-makers and those working in our institutions and society.

Mots clés : public services, funerals and burials, london, early modern history, new institutional economics

Participants :
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet FlexCHIC (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The research and development in the field of flexible electronics in recent years has shown that this technology could be a promising key enabler for future consumer applications due to several advantageous characteristics that are absent from any incumbent technology. These include; unique form factor that allows realisation of unconventional electronics such as bendable displays, as well as the inexpensive/high throughput processing that enables realisation of large-area devices such as sensor systems and/or low-cost disposable electronics e.g. medical diagnostics, identification systems. However, the realization of high-performance integrated circuits on flexible substrates for a low-cost/high-volume market still remains very challenging, primarily due to material and process related limitations. The proposed work program follows a unique approach in order to overcome these limitations through the use of solution-processable organic and inorganic semiconductors in combination with optical sintering methods for rapid material processing. The latter will allow the fabrication of hybrid complementary integrated circuits with performance characteristics beyond the current state of the art on arbitrary substrate materials including flexible temperature-sensitive substrates (e.g. plastic) within a fraction of time compared to conventionally used curing methods (e.g. thermal annealing). This multidisciplinary research work opens new insight into hybrid low-temperature additive transistor technologies and promises very valuable original results merging the broad understanding of the novel organic transistor technologies with novel solution-processable inorganic semiconductors in a complementary hybrid transistor integration process which will be beneficial for the further development of low-cost and large-area electronic systems of the future.

Mots clés : organic electronics, solid state physics

Participants :
- Imperial College London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet NextGen RiBiomics (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The research field of proteomics proceeds rapidly thanks to recent technological advances of instrumentation, methodology, and software development. Next Generation Proteomics (NGP) refers to the integration of these three areas to provide a systematic approach for measuring proteome dynamics in both time and space during various cellular responses. In this proposal, I will analyze pre-ribosomal proteome dynamics in response to intracellular energy status using a NGP approach. Specifically, I will determine how cancer cells regulate Ribosome Biogenesis (RiBi) to aid their survival under conditions of energy deprivation, which frequently occurs in connection with solid tumour development. The host laboratory is well known for developing and applying NGP strategies and will provide me with training and access to all of the equipment and resources required. To carry out this project I will first optimise methods for purification of human pre-ribosomal particles, combining my existing knowledge of RiBi with expertise from the Lamond group in nucleolar isolation. I will then use a quantitative proteomics approach to analyze pre-ribosomes isolated from cells grown under conditions of varied glucose deprivation. I will compare the components of pre-40S, pre-60S and pre-90S particles, respectively, using SILAC and the PepTracker software developed in the Lamond group. This project is based on my recent data showing that 47S pre-rRNA processing, which occurs in pre-90S particles, is suppressed by glucose deprivation in human adenocarcinoma HeLa and MCF7 cell lines. As the proteins contained in human pre-ribosomes are less well characterised than the corresponding yeast proteins, I will incorporate these results in a searchable database of human RiBi factors that will be freely available to the community. As RiBi is the most energy-consuming process in eukaryotic cell the results of this project may lead to novel cancer treatment strategies which target deregulation of RiBi.

Mots clés : next generation proteomics, silac, human ribosome biogenesis, cell, fractionation, pre ribosomal purification, intracellular energy balance, cancer cell metabolism

Participants :
- University of Dundee (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet PhARRAO (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The research program will seek to explore the mechanisms and formation/reaction rates of various oxidizing agents pertinent to tropospheric chemistry, using cutting-edge experimental apparatuses and theoretical methods. Firstly, the decay of carbonyl oxides (Criegee intermediates – CIs) will be explored as an important source of OH radicals – fundamental species for the tropospheric oxidizing capability. This will be achieved via a combination of thermal and collision-free experimental measurements. The rate of appearance of OH radicals will be monitored via time-domain measurements (narrow bandwidth IR pump-UV probe). In such approach, the vibrational activation of various alkyl-substituted CIs promoting OH radical production will be explored. Theoretical calculations will predict the OH formation rate from the CIs in correspondence to the barrier for 1,4 hydrogen transfer en route to the products. Temperature and pressure dependent kinetics for the decomposition of the CIs will be determined under atmospheric conditions using cavity-ring down spectroscopy. Finally, the reactivity of various hydroxyalkyl peroxy radicals (HAPs), formed via OH plus alkenes reaction, will be studied. Direct identification of the in situ synthesized HAPs will be carried out in high vacuum via VUV photoionization coupled with mass spectrometry. Temperature and pressure dependent kinetics will be measured for the reaction of the HPAs with various species at atmospheric conditions via near-IR cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy. The effect of water complexation on the reaction rates will be explored. All experimental measurements will be complemented by high level theoretical methods and robust atmospheric modelling for extrapolation of the lab results to the atmospheric context.

Mots clés : atmospheric chemistry, reaction kinetics and dynamics, molecular dynamics, dissociation, uv and ir spectroscopy, atmospheric reactive intermediates, oxidative chemistry

Participants :
- University of Bristol (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 251857.8 €
- University of Pennsylvania (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €