Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet RAE 2017 (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The economic history of early Rome has been mainly investigated as a local phenomenon and often only on the basis of literary evidence. We propose a long-term and regional approach: the early Roman economy as part of the economic history of central Tyrrhenian Italy from the 8th to the 4th century BC, and its interactions with the wider Mediterranean networks of exchange. This aim will be achieved by means of the following objectives and methods. Objective 1: Systematic and critical review of the literary sources and of the scientific literature on the archaeological evidence of settlements, land use, production and importation in the Low Tiber Valley between the 10th and the 4th century BC. Objective 2: Intensive surveys in the Roman hinterland of three productive extra-urban Archaic settlements within their natural context: a farmhouse, a rural village and a coastal settlement. Objective 3: Archaeometric analysis of amphoras dating back to the 8th – 6th centuries BC and of Greek Geometric (or Greek Geometric style) pottery dating back to the 8th century BC found in Ancient Latium. Objective 5: Historical reconstruction of production, trade and consumption in Rome between the 8th and the 4th century BC; theorisation of new models for Iron Age and pre-monetary economies.

Mots clés : rome, etruria, greece, mediterranean sea trade, rural landscapes, roman history, ancient economy

Participants :
- École normale supérieure PSL (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 173076.0 €
Projet PSust-MOF (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The efficient use of chemical fertilizers is essential to face the Sustainable Development Goal-2: Zero Hunger. Specifically, phosphorous-fertilizers are mainly produced by mining the non-renewable phosphate rock (PR), with both inefficient production and application processes causing dramatic environmental damages. A new European fertilizer regulation encourages the development of new strategies driving to a P-circular economy. Phosphate could be recovered from both waste/eutrophicated water to produce P-fertilizers. However, the prevailing recovery rates cannot satisfy the whole P-demand. Thus, novel methods for a more sustainable production of P-fertilizers are also urgently needed. Zirconium-based Metal-Organic Frameworks (Zr-MOFs) are porous crystalline materials easy to functionalize showing large surface areas, water stability and a strong affinity to phosphate. Hence, they could act as promising P-recovery adsorbents. Besides, they have recently proved to promote the dissolution of highly stable minerals. Thus, they could enhance the dissolution of PR under milder condition, mitigating the environmental risks of PR-mining. Unfortunately, Zr-MOFs are usually prepared using toxic organic solvents, limiting their industrial progress. The project entitled “Metal-Organic Frameworks as multifunctional materials toward P-sustainability” (PSust-MOF) addresses the greener production Zr-MOFs with controlled particle features by using water as solvent. The main features determining both P-recovery process and promotion of apatite dissolution (main component of PR), will be identified. This knowledge will enable the design of advanced Zr-MOF materials which will be tested, for P-recovery or PR-dissolution, under real conditions. It is expected that the results of the project will not only have a strong impact on P-sustainability. Given the wide-range of applications of MOFs, the greener design of Zr-MOFs will also favour their industrial progress in multiple fields.

Mots clés : zr mofs, phosphorous removal and recovery, p sustainability, p circular economy, phosphate rock dissolution, catalysts

Participants :
- University of Granada (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 160932.48 €
Projet PopulistFP (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The emergence of new political cleavages and the increasingly polarized nature of political debate in democracies have profound implications for the politics of foreign policy decision making. International issues are becoming more salient in domestic politics. Meanwhile, rising populist parties on both left and right use international affairs to differentiate from mainstream parties and harness widespread public hostility towards the consequences of globalization. This suggests that partisan debates on foreign policy may be becoming more polarised. States may therefore find it increasingly difficult to pursue coherent foreign policy agendas, and it may be all the more difficult for the EU to build and sustain a coherent Common Foreign and Security Policy. Indeed, studies of European identity have highlighted a distinct divide across the EU over what Europe stands for: whether a beacon of universal democratic and human rights values, or a distinct ‘Judeo-Christian civilization’. Yet we lack a comparative picture of how the changing nature of political contestation in EU member state shapes how foreign policy questions are addressed by politicians and political parties. This project will fill this gap with a comparative analysis of partisan debates in Britain, France and Germany over intervention against the Assad regime, including in-depth interviews in each country, and comparing the results to a previous study of partisan debates over intervention in the Balkans in the 1990s. Through the project the ER will gain new skills in European politics, comparative politics, and systematic qualitative analysis, laying the groundwork for a career uncovering the changing politics of foreign policy, with outputs of significant value to scholars and practitioners.

Mots clés : political parties, populism, european neighbourhood policy, syria, military intervention, islam and the west

Participants :
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 140583.6 €
Projet FALCON (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The emerging Learned Compression (LC) methods show great potential to revolutionize image/video compression, and major media industries are investing heavily in this field. However, the high computational complexity of these methods makes it difficult to employ them in consumer devices, and this obstacle discourages using them in future compression standards, such as JPEG and MPEG, despite their superior performance compared to traditional methods. This project will investigate a novel framework for developing fast and energy-efficient Deep Learning-based compression. We will develop methods that (1) greatly improve the compression efficiency of LC, and (2) significantly reduce its computational complexity and energy consumption. Given the huge share of video industry in global Greenhouse gas emission, this will be a big step towards important EU policies such as the Paris agreement and the EU Green Deal. The objectives of the project are achieved via: (i) splitting the coding into smaller tasks, (ii) investigating efficient learning methods (including Operational Neural Networks, an invention of the supervisor of the project), and (iii) integrating human perception into image/video coding. The experienced researcher holds a PhD in computer engineering, during which he worked on accelerating the encoding process of compression standards. He has a background and skill-set in hardware engineering, signal processing, media technology, and machine learning, which is necessary for this interdisciplinary project. The project will be carried out under the supervision of an internationally famous scientist who has extensive experience in both machine learning and video compression. The host institution in Finland has a long experience in EU funding and collaborations with industries. The results and findings will be published in top international journals and conferences. Moreover, some findings will be considered for possible exploitation in future MPEG/JPEG standards.

Mots clés : video compression, learned compression, deep learning, energy efficient computing

Participants :
- Tampere University (Finlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 190680.96 €
Projet QESPEM (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : TERMINATED

The emerging field of quantum information offers significant opportunities in quantum key distribution, quantum simulation and computation, metrology, and imaging. However, these applications require the use of quantum emitters that can generate single photons and pairs of entangled photons on demand. Perovskite quantum dots (PQDs), which can produce a highly coherent single-photon emission, are very promising as quantum emitters with a high single-photon purity, indistinguishability, and brightness. A unique property of PQDs is that, in contrast to many other emitters, biexciton states can be effectively generated in PQD. Two-photon photoluminescence (PL) resulting from biexciton recombination is one of effective ways of generating entangled photon pairs. However, the use of the full potential of PQDs as quantum emitters is hindered by the limitations associated with the instability of the PL signal and the low biexciton PL quantum yield. Nanoscale plasmon–exciton interaction can significantly stabilize and improve the PL properties of PQDs due to the appearance of hybrid plasmon–exciton (plexciton) states serving as quantum emitters, thus overcoming the aforementioned limitations of PQDs. The main goal of the present QESPEM project is to design highly efficient plexcitonic quantum emitters operating as on-demand sources of pure single indistinguishable photons and pairs of entangled photons. To achieve this goal, the following objectives will be fulfilled: (1) to design quantum emitters based on the PQDs and plasmon nanostructures with implemented synergistic combination of plasmon-induces effects; (2) to develop new approaches and methods to control different regimes of plasmon–exciton interaction in the designed structures; (3) to optimize the conditions of light–matter coupling to achieve the highest values of the generation efficiency, single-photon purity, and indistinguishability for the single-photon mode and entanglement fidelity for the photon-pair mode.

Mots clés : quantum emitter, light matter coupling, nanohybrid material, plasmon exciton, plasmon nanoparticle, quantum dot, perovskite nanoparticle, single photon emission, entangled photons, quantum tomography

Participants :
- University of the Basque Country (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 172932.48 €
Projet NEOGAS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs), especially of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), is the major source of global warming and climate change. To monitor their emissions, one can find in the market highly sensitive and selective, complex, bulky and expensive instruments, used as reference measuring systems, which can only be installed in few specific locations. For an accurate spatial control of these emissions, however, large number of sensing systems need to be installed and connected, benefitting from Internet of Things (IoT) and providing the required ubiquity. Usually these devices do not need to meet the sensitivity level of the reference instruments. The present project addresses the development, fabrication and testing of gas sensors, suitable for IoT, made from advanced metal organic frameworks (MOFs) materials. These gas sensors will be multivariable devices, providing the simultaneous readout of the change of electrical and optical properties when exposed to gaseous species, in opposition to standard gas sensing devices, that deliver one single readout. This innovative approach is expected to present advantages over the standard devices, especially in terms of miniaturization, compactness and selectivity, as they are integrated nanoelectronic noses. The developed devices will be tested towards GHGs and will be benchmarked against environmental reference stations.

Mots clés : nanomaterials, gas sensors, electrical response, optical response, electronic nose

Participants :
- University of Barcelona (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 160932.48 €
Projet RECOVERY (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The emission of greenhouse gases is gradually changing the climate and the temperature of the Earth. As a consequence, droughts are increasingly occurring and freshwater is becoming a scarce natural resource. Water scarcity is actually a major issue in the south of the European Union (EU) territory. Since industry is one of the main water users in Europe, the purpose of this Fellowship is to recover water from industrial gas streams at moderate temperatures around 200–300 degrees Celsius using porous aluminium oxide membranes. Assuming that this challenging separation is successfully achieved, the project will have major impact on the industrial water footprint and management. In addition, this Fellowship also aims to give the Fellow, Dr Masó, the opportunity to develop new technical and transferable skills in the state-of-the-art membrane methodology and incorporate him into the EU academic/industrial membrane community.

Mots clés : membranes, water recovery

Participants :
- Spanish National Research Council (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 158121.6 €
Projet WORK.INC (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The employment rate of persons with disabilities across Europe is much lower than of the general population and the disability employment gap has remained considerable, independently of labour market policies. Over time different approaches to work inclusion of persons with disabilities have been developed, where support-side approaches, especially supported employment methods, that are using the workplaces as instruments of inclusion, have been shown effective. The collaboration between employer and the support system is crucial when using the workplace as an arena for work inclusion, but there is a lack of research on employer-support system relations and how they can be formed to facilitate increased employment of persons with disabilities. Using theoretical frameworks from the field of sociology and psychology, and by drawing conclusions from qualitative data, this project addresses successful collaboration between employers and support systems in work inclusion of men and women with disabilities. Results from observation/interview studies in Norway and Sweden and insights from a literature review will inform support-side approaches and facilitate work inclusion. During the fellowship will benefit from the expertise of the INTEGRATE core research group, at OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University and its international expert network and from short visits to other European excellence research centers in work inclusion. Building on my previous work and skills in labour market and disability research, the project activities will lead to further development of my professional maturity as a researcher, while the results will have a key impact on the development of effective support-side methods and as called for in EU policies, on the labour market participation of persons with disabilities.

Mots clés : work inclusion, supported employment, people with disabilities, vulnerable groups, vocational rehabilitation

Participants :
- OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University (Norvège) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 214158.72 €
Projet EV-2C (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The enterovirus (EV) genus comprises many important human pathogens including poliovirus, coxsackieviruses, EV-A71, EV-D68 and rhinoviruses. These viruses are responsible for a wide array of diseases ranging from mild to life-threatening, such as neonatal sepsis and paralysis. There are hundreds of enteroviruses, and vaccination to all of these is not a viable option. As such, there is an urgent requirement for effective broad-spectrum antivirals. Enterovirus genomes comprise a positive-sense ssRNA genome which encodes four structural proteins (VP1--4) and seven non-structural proteins (2A--C, 3A--D). The non-structural proteins 2B, 2C and 3A cooperatively hijack host cell proteins and alter host cell membranes and lipid homeostasis to generate membranous replication organelles, which serve as platforms for genome replication and virion morphogenesis. The 2C protein is a particularly attractive target for the development of antivirals due to its high level of sequence conservation. 2C is an AAA+ ATPase with many proposed functions within the virus lifecycle including helicase activity, reorganisation of cellular membranes and encapsidation. Several structurally disparate drugs target 2C on the basis that resistance mutations map to this protein; however, the molecular basis of their effect on 2C is not understood. This project has two main objectives: 1. Determine the high-resolution structure of the functional hexameric 2C and inhibitor/ligand complexes by cryo-electron microscopy. 2. Use cryo-electron tomography to characterise the interactions 2C makes with viral and host proteins within ex-vivo and in situ replication organelles. Understanding the organisation of 2C within replication organelles will shed new light on its role in the enterovirus life cycle, and the high-resolution structure of 2C will serve as a long sought-after search template for structure-based drug design of urgently-needed anti-enteroviral drugs.

Mots clés : enteroviruses, antivirals, cryo em, cryo et, aaa  atpase, virus replication, infectious disease, human pathogens, virus host interactions, rhinovirus, coxsackievirus, poliovirus

Participants :
- Utrecht University (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 175572.48 €
Projet GWASTRO (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The era of gravitational wave astronomy has begun and has the potential to redefine our knowledge of the Universe. LIGO and Virgo are the most precise instruments ever built, but this is only the beginning for this field. The detectors are becoming ever more sensitive, and the next generation of detectors are already being planned. Coupled with these trailblazing experimental efforts, the promise of gravitational wave astronomy can only be fully realized if our models can keep up with the accuracy demands of the imminent high-precision era. LIGO and Virgo hunt for gravitational waves from orbiting black holes and neutron stars; these compact objects lose energy through gravitational waves, spiral in towards each other and eventually merge. To analyze the data from the detections, it is crucial to have an accurate model of the expected gravitational waves. The merger process is highly dynamical and numerical simulations involving the Einstein equations are the only means to predict the gravitational waves from the merger. However, these simulations are too expensive for direct data analysis applications, each taking a month on a supercomputer. Therefore, fast but approximate waveform models that are calibrated against these simulations have been developed over the years, but these models do not currently capture all of the physics present in the simulations. Surrogate models take a data-driven approach to modeling, and are trained directly against numerical simulations without the need for additional assumptions. As a result, these models can even rival the simulations themselves in accuracy. In this project, I will develop novel surrogate models that capture the full physics of compact binary systems. Therefore, this project will ensure that our gravitational wave models are ready to maximize the science output of the multi-billion-Euro experimental efforts and realize the great promise of gravitational wave astronomy.

Mots clés : numerical relativity, gravitational waveform modeling

Participants :
- Max Planck Society (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 162806.4 €
Projet SFSASP (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The eukaryotic genome is packaged into chromatin, which needs to be unpacked to provide necessary access by cellular factors for varied cellular functions. However, DNA can be rendered accessible by the action of energy-consuming chromatin remodelling proteins. One such protein is ATRX that harbours an N-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD) and a C-terminal helicase domain that confers ATPase activity and identifies ATRX as a member of the snf2 family member of chromatin remodellers. ATRX has been shown to localize in vivo with constitutive heterochromatin in pericentromeric regions as well as telomeres where it works in complex with DAXX for the deposition of the Histone3.3. Mutations in the ATRX gene give rise to ATR-X syndrome, a severe X-linked mental retardation syndrome often accompanied by alpha-thalassemia. Mounting evidence links ATRX mutations to cancer and to malignancies that depend on a telomerase-independent pathway of telomere maintenance called the ‘alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway, linking ATRX to aging. Despite these advances however, there is lack of understanding of the molecular mechanism of ATRX and of its role within these pathologies. The proposed research aims to investigate the structural and functional properties of ATRX, and to define at a molecular level how it interacts with DAXX to remodel chromatin. We will use a combination of biophysical techniques like NMR, Isothermal Calorimetry and western blotting to characterize ATRX interaction with partner proteins. X-ray crystallography, Cryo-electron microscopy and Small angle X-ray scattering techniques will be used to elucidate the structure of ATRX complexes. We will also design assays to measure the enzymatic activity of the ATRX snf2 domain by itself and in presence of DNA and/or its interacting partners. These studies will provide insight into a potential new mechanism of chromatin remodelling and will help us elucidate the consequences of disease-related ATRX mutations.


Participants :
- University of Sussex (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €