Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet PHASE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The recent surge in populism marks a new phase of European politics posing fundamental challenges to scholars and the policy community. Some argue that existing nationalist and authoritarian attitudes are driving populism. Others posit that it is rooted in liberal institutions’ failure to deliver equal life chances. Once in power, populists tend to discriminate against precarious communities and question the role of expertise in governance. However, there is no systematic cross-country research on the bi-directional association between ill health and populism. The project contributes to the existing knowledge in two ways. Firstly, it crosscuts scholarly polarisations on the causes of populism by posing the original question of whether individuals’ health might be an early warning sign for the health of democracies in Europe. Secondly, it extends the literature on the impact of populist governance by asking who the winners and losers of populists in power in terms of health in Europe are. In answer to the first question, the project creates a longitudinal, hierarchical cross-country panel dataset, nesting individuals in EU regions, and measures the impact of ill health on populist support after 2000. In answer to the second question, the project adopts a coding scheme for populist governments in Europe and assesses the variegated impact of populism on peoples’ health using dynamic multilevel modelling. Finally, through a small-N case study, the project analyses the populism – ill health mechanism in detail. The project offers theoretically innovative and methodologically rigorous, cutting-edge contributions to sociology, political science, and public health, as well as to the public debate on populism through a set of outreach activities. The project will significantly expand the scientific and transferable skills of the fellow through a personalised training programme, collaborative research, and secondment to a think tank.


Participants :
- Bocconi University (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183473.28 €
Projet CHEPHYTSSU (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The research on 2D nanomaterials has boomed since the discovery of graphene by professors Geim and Novoselov in 2004. After a decade of steady development, the available library of 2D crystals is highly rich including graphene derivatives, hexagonal boron nitride, many chalcogenides and various oxides. However, the technological advances and urgent environmental and sustainable energy issues such as CO2 capture and separation, energy storage and conversion (photovoltatic system, supercapacitor etc) call for advanced materials with not only properties of individual layers but also new functionalities. Particularly, researches on superstructures with unique properties such as amphiphilicity still remain blank. Physically, it is now possible to create such hybrid superstructures by placing different 2D crystals on top of each other in a designed sequence; while engineering the 2D units through a chemical way endows a high flexibility in surface chemistry tailoring and increase the mechanical stability due to the strongly bonded interface. Taking these into consideration, here we propose a combined chemical-physical pathway to engineer task-specific, mechanically freestanding superstructures based on 2D atomic planes in a simple and scalable manner. Three new material concepts are proposed including amphiphilic superstructure (hydrophilic outer layer and hydrophobic inner layer), gas selective superstructure (CO2-phililc outer layer and gas shape selective inner layer) and flexible superstructure with outer layer functionalized with metal oxide nanoparticles confined in ordered mesopores and inner conductive graphene. The obtained superstructures with these structural features will be oriented environmental and sustainable energy issues such as CO2 capture and separation, water purification and flexible electrode. Finally, structure-performance relationship will be unraveled fundamentally.

Mots clés : graphene, 2d materials, 2d superstructures, co2 capture, co2 separation, energy storage, energy conversion

Participants :
- University of Manchester (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet LIAGAN (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The research project Literature against anti-Semitisme (1940-1944). French and Soviet emigré writers in France against the persecution of the Jews aims at investigating the views which writers had of the persecution of the Jews in Occupied France. More exactly, it aims at approaching the texts of the writers who reacted to the injustices suffered by the Jews who became exiles and were hunted down as Others, before being simply eliminated. In this context, we intend to study various works of fiction (stories, novels, poetry) in which the question of the persecution of the Jews is at stake. The project is defined by two axes: (1) the French writers who raised their voices against the persecutions of which the Jews were victims in France, (2) émigré writers from Central and Oriental Europe (Russian, Russian-language, Georgian) who lived in France during the Occupation and who also stood up against these injustices. Two circumstances which are specific to France have to be taken in account. Firstly, the persecution of the Jews in France implemented by the Vichy government during the Occupation needs to be understood in the context of a national/local anti-Semitic policy the roots of which are to be found in the pre-war society. Secondly, the public role of the writers was more important compared to other countries. If many of them had raised their voices against the events unfolding in Europe, this voice is acquiring a decisive importance in the shaping of public opinion. In approaching the problem of resistance in France to the Nazi occupiers, it would be necessary to consider the flows of immigration affecting the country in the twenties and thirties, when a large number of intellectuals and writers arrived from Central and Eastern Europe and took part in French cultural and public life, among other things by sharing its opposition to the rise of Nazism in Europe.

Mots clés : committed literature, occupation, antisemitism, jews, emigr  literature

Participants :
- Sorbonne Université (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 185076.0 €
Projet ARTDEL (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The research project “The Art of Deleting” (ARTDEL) investigates the topic of deletion and redaction as a poetic, aesthetic, and political act. ARTDEL aims to analyze works of erasure poetry as forms of resistance and activism in digital culture. The project addresses various levels of erasure poetry, by focusing on its social, political, and aesthetic dimensions, and by tracing its antecedents. The first stage of the project involves researching archive material and developing methodological tools in literary studies and digital literature on the materiality of censoring techniques. Secondly, it presents case studies on the cultural and political contexts of production and reception of poetry in Portugal, China, and the United States. The research will compare practices of "hard" censorship applied to works of poetry in fascist and communist regimes, and practices of "soft" censorship applied in contemporary democratic and network societies. Thus, ARTDEL is a comparative study of the material practices applied by the state apparatus in the control and regulation of the literary field, particularly in poetry. Thirdly, it investigates whether the superstructures of state control and surveillance influence contemporary works of erasure poetry. Due to the scientific, socio-political, and critical perspectives concerning technology, ARTDEL is a timely project that will significantly contribute to new knowledge on cultural production in the digital age, and enhance European scientific excellence and policy-making.

Mots clés : digital culture, digital humanities, digital literary studies, electronic literature, digital poetry, erasure poetry, experimental poetry, censorship studies, societies of control, surveillance

Participants :
- University of Bergen (Norvège) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 276330.6 €
- University of California System (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet socialog (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The research proposal focuses on the study of the interaction between individuals' accessibility in contemporary institutions and their Social Capital (SC). The main premise of the proposal is that alienation from formal institutions creates a form of SC that works in a substitutive rather than a complementary way with the institutions and does not necessarily have positive societal externalities. In the first phase of the fellowship, a multi-disciplinary and innovative methodology will be applied in order to determine the exact conditions under which this form of SC is being developed and to measure the externalities it yields in a societal level. The second phase of the fellowship is devoted in exploring the implications of the results for local governance policy-making. In particular, it involves disseminating the findings and insights of the study to a Think Tank whose objective is advising local government councils.

Mots clés : social capital, institutions, behavioral economics, survey

Participants :
- University of Reading (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet SeReNa-SEA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The rise of religiously inspired extremism and violence, particularly since 9/11, has underscored the crucial and abiding three-way linkages between security, religion, and nationalism (hereafter, SRN). While much emphasis has been placed on Islam and the Middle East, the research proposed here pioneers the study of security policies and strategies, dominant and marginalised religions, and conceptions of national identities in Southeast Asia, by comparing the predominantly Catholic Philippines, Islamic Indonesia, and Buddhist Myanmar. Using a qualitative, comparative approach, the ER will theorize and produce new empirical knowledge about: (a) why and how states utilize religion when formulating and implementing their national security policies and strategies; (b) how security considerations influence the utility and status of religions, particularly the (often negative) impact on religious minorities; and (c) how nationalism is used to institutionalize and legitimize religiously-infused national security rhetoric and agenda. In answering these questions, emphasis will be placed on how (a) the gender hierarchy inherently present in these three major religions; (b) the gendered complexion of violence in security operations; and (c) gendered conceptions of nationalism influence the nature and outcomes of SRN linkages. Before extensive fieldwork, the ER will undertake training in research methods and management, pedagogy, and knowledge transfer. Planned activities will disseminate knowledge to academic communities, while a 3-month placement with an international think tank will enable the ER to directly inform policy debate. Combined, the programme of training, research and dissemination will enable the ER to secure permanent employment at a leading university.

Mots clés : religion, security, southeast asia, philippines, indonesia, myanmar

Participants :
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet BACBONE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The role of behavioural differences in the replacement of Neanderthals by modern humans remains a fundamental issue in human evolution. While recent archaeological and genetic studies have challenged ideas of Neanderthal behavioural inferiority, up-to-date assessments of differences in subsistence behaviour are still sparse. BACBONE fills this gap with a unique, interdisciplinary approach to bone taphonomy and subsistence practices 50,000-40,000 years ago, a time when both Neanderthals and modern humans were present in Europe. Subsistence reconstructions typically focus on larger, identifiable animal bone fragments and visible surface modifications. BACBONE combines, for the first time, a focus on the small bone fraction, now identifiable through Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS), with the microscopic study of alterations to bone inner structures (histotaphonomy). This approach provides unique insights into patterns of carcass deposition and processing and has three objectives. First, forensic experiments and a reference database will provide essential background on micro-scale taphonomy. Second, histotaphonomic alterations will be mapped across key Neanderthal and early modern human assemblages from France and Bulgaria, combining the high through-put capacity of microtomography (micro-CT, virtual histology) with hard tissue histology. Third, interdisciplinary dataset integration will test for differences in Neanderthal and modern human subsistence practices at an assemblage and broader European scale. BACBONE will significantly advance methods in Palaeolithic archaeology and form the core of a new research programme at the interface between archaeology, biological anthropology and forensic science. Necessary training and expertise are exclusively available at the University of Kent (UK) and BACBONE will add competitiveness to European research, forging new transnational collaborations and establishing innovative, multi-methodological research excellence.

Mots clés : palaeolithic archaeology, neanderthals, zooarchaeology, micro ct scanning, histology, taphonomy

Participants :
- University of Kent (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 224933.76 €
Projet Crater Chron (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The role of impact cratering in the evolution of Earth’s geosphere and biosphere is greatly underappreciated in the field of modern geoscience. Although years of research on terrestrial impact craters have contributed greatly to our knowledge of impact cratering processes and products, the available geochronological data represents a major and fundamental gap in our knowledge. Of the ca. 190 confirmed impact craters on Earth only ca. 10 % are considered to be accurately and precisely dated. Consequently, the vast majority of terrestrial craters cannot be correlated with each other or with other geological events such as mass extinctions. Here we propose to take timely advantage of recent advances both in our understanding of how the mineral zircon (ZrSiO4) can record the age of an impact event and in the analytical techniques used to determine such U-Pb ages to significantly and efficiently grow our database of accurately and precisely dated terrestrial impact craters. Specifically, this project will focus on craters whose precise formation age may have broad implications for Earth’s history. Among others, these include the Siljan impact crater, Sweden, which has been proposed as a contributing factor to the late Devonian mass extinction event, one of the largest mass extinctions in the Phanerozoic, and the Suavjärvi impact crater, northwest Russia. The latter has a very poorly constrained age of between 2.7 and 2.2 Ga but is likely to be the oldest impact crater on Earth with confirmation of an impact age in this study. This innovative action will couple recent advances in microstructural characterisation of shocked zircon (EBSD analysis and Raman mapping) with cutting-edge U-Pb analytical techniques not previously applied to shocked grains (including high resolution, fully quantitative U-Pb age mapping by SIMS and high precision multiple step leaching CA-ID-TIMS) and establish efficient protocols for future dating of craters on Earth and other planetary bodies.

Mots clés : impact cratering, shocked zircon, u pb geochronology, ebsd, sims, scanning ion imaging, multiple step leaching ca id tims, mass extinctions

Participants :
- Swedish Museum of Natural History (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 173857.2 €
Projet IDEA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The science of island biogeography is currently undergoing a huge resurgence of interest, due mainly to the advent of novel sources of data, most notably on geological dynamics, climate-driven sea-level changes, remotely sensed climate, vegetation structure and topography, and, centrally, the phylogenetic relationships among species. This has paved the way for an understanding of how island geographical dynamics shape dynamics of species diversity and the evolution of clades, but has also opened up a whole range of unanswered questions: How has the emergence of islands affected evolution in clades? How does vegetation structure and topographic complexity shape patterns of diversity? What are the roles of cross-taxon interactions in governing these processes? And how do these patterns scale from the island to the community level? In this proposal, I aim to address these unanswered questions by studying a uniquely well-defined group, the radiation of corvid birds in the Indo-Pacific. From the beginning of the project I will have access to an existing database on the spatial distribution, phylogenetic relationships, habitat associations and morphological traits for these birds. I will combine this with building databases on the topographic complexity, vegetation, and ages of the Indo-Pacific islands, and supplement these data with generating primary field data from bird sampling and drone flights. The analytical approach will be based on mixed effect model analysis, null models and simulations. The results from this research will have a broad international interest, and will help the international research community to rise to the challenge of understanding patterns of species diversity – an understand that is crucial for protecting biodiversity in a changing world.

Mots clés : island biogeography, species diversity, indo pacific, birds

Participants :
- University of Copenhagen (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212194.8 €
Projet ENTERPRISE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The scientific goal of ENTERPRISE is to develop and apply multifunctional chromogenic heteroatom-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to produce materials that can empower current packaging technology and elevate electrochromic displays to the age of interactivity. These smart labels can thus provide information to people in an unequivocal and yet appealing way. We plan to produce materials that, through a selective reaction with O2, irreversibly retain an oxidising event and successively communicate it as an irreversible colour change under a human input. To achieve it, we envisage to prepare hybrid O-doped chromogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that, in the presence of O2 and light, will act as a photosensitiser producing singlet O2. The reactive O2 will interact with the chromogenic material itself to give endoperoxide species that, under an external stimulus, yield radical species initiating an irreversible coloured polymerisation. Integration of this material into a prototype electrochromic display will result in a label that operates irreversibly after it has been exposed to O2 and reversibly when not exposed to O2. Considering that the leading cause of food-spoilage is related to aerobic oxidations, we expect our results to initiate a series of further technological advancements in the field of labels for smart packaging of food, opening the door to the first O2-sensitive, user-friendly, rapid, flexible and printable label. Through this fellowship, the applicant will enhance her creative and innovative research potential and her multidisciplinary competence of organic materials, with the final goal to become a prime researcher at the interface between fundamental and applied research. This will be made possible by the coordinated effort of a focused and highly motivated young supervising team composed of a leading academic institution and a vibrant enterprise.

Mots clés : organic materials, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Participants :
- University of Vienna (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 174167.04 €
Projet STAMINA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The seasonal pCO2 difference has globally increased, implying stronger stress for marine organisms sensitive to pH. This mechanism is reinforced by an overall increase in the seasonal cycle of sea surface temperature (SST), but it would be striking to understand its extent and effect on ocean acidification. Unfortunately, no records exist to evaluate long-term SST-pH dynamics. With this training-through-research project, the Experienced Researcher (ER) will gain the first record of seasonality, coupling SST and pH, for the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age demise, which is analogous to the current climate changes. After calibrating a method to investigate the seasonality in the modern brachiopods’ shells, he will extract seasonal time series of SST and pH from key fossils. Comparing the long term series of the deep past with the recent, the ER will foster the discussion and the understanding about the expected future changes for this chemico-physical system. The employed method will provide a classic model to deal with high resolution paleoenvironmental data using the brachiopods archive, establishing a turning point for the next-generation of scientists, which aim to study deep-past climate variability with high resolution. The University of Cambridge is an outstanding host where the researcher will be included in a high-level team of experts in geosciences. Under the mentor of the supervisor, the ER will gain and transfer relevant knowledge related to population structure and growth of shelled invertebrates, shell morphology, geochemistry and statistics. He will disseminate and communicate the results of his research and he will perform outreach activities to increase the attention of the society about problems concerning climate changes. At the host, he will be involved in training activities aimed to develop transversal and transferrable skills, to complete his formation as scientist, being thus ready for the next stage of his career.

Mots clés : brachiopods, sclerochronology, sea surface temperature, ocean acidification, seasonality, shell accretion, climate proxies, stable isotopes

Participants :
- University of Cambridge (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 224933.76 €