Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet InRatio (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

In a global climate of populist policies fuelled by hate speech, gender discrimination, and the defunding of the humanities, InRatio aims to strengthen philosophy’s role within contemporary democratic societies. Its educational impact directly addresses the H2020 programme Societal Challenge of creating more inclusive, innovative and reflective communities. The inquiry starts by laying out three tendencies: 1) the consolidation of three prejudices against philosophy (which also influence national financial policies): its alleged lack of objective knowledge and scientificity, its uselessness, and its abstractness; 2) the social demand for philosophy; and 3) philosophy’s attempt to elaborate an adequate self-image, also considering the gender gap within academic philosophy, and philosophy’s difficulty to convey its results to society. The research aims to transform this situation by turning those prejudices upside down and emphasising philosophy’s contribution to societal challenges. InRatio has three objectives: 1) the elaboration of a metaphilosophical account that (a) redefines the kind of knowledge and scientificity belonging to philosophy, (b) reconsiders philosophy’s impact on education and democratic life; (c) recasts the notion of concreteness in terms of concept networks capable of explanatory power. This will be achieved by building a pluralistic and inclusive account of philosophy’s rationality, which will combine Hegelian tools, contemporary metaphilosophical positions, and perspectives from feminist epistemologies (as a ‘corrective’ measure to question notions of ‘knowledge’ and ‘scientificity’). 2) The ideation of philosophical-educational methods aimed at fostering inclusive and critical thinking. This will foresee training in the Philosophy for Children method and in other educational practices. 3) The implementation of a strategy to improve philosophy’s dialogue with society.

Mots clés : metaphilosophy, hegel, classical german philosophy, feminist philosophies, philosophy for children, education, rationality, scientificity, inclusion, society, gender inequality, critical thinking

Participants :
- University of Padua (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 211767.36 €
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (Argentine) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet STILLING (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

In a globally changing climate, scientists have paid little attention on variability of wind speed. A recent discovery to science is the “global stilling"; a worldwide slowdown of wind speed since the 1980s. This stilling is not fully understood and neither the quantity nor the quality of wind speed observations is adequate to allow a reliable study. The scientific aims of this MSCA to fill this key gap are (i) to rescue the longest wind speed series (starting prior to the 1960s), and (ii) to improve our knowledge on the influence of atmospheric circulation. Given the interdisciplinary impacts of "global stilling" on wind energy, agriculture and hydrology, the socioeconomic-environmental aim is (iii) to look at past wind speed to better assess future wind speed projections needed for climate change adaptation. The innovative approach combines the rescue (ACE framework) and homogenization (SNHT test) of historical wind speed data, providing a unique opportunity to statistically assess trends/cycles and atmospheric causes (SOM/RCPA and weather typing techniques) on long time periods and reliable datasets than previous studies. The applicant will bring his new homogenization protocol, extensive expertise on winds and a novel collaboration topic to UGOT and KNMI. In turn, these Institutions are world authorities on data rescue techniques and attributing causes of climate trends; the applicant will also be trained in leadership, management, funding, supervision and communication skills enhancing his career development. Jointly this team is in a position to push the boundaries of “global stilling” knowledge far ahead, with the ultimate intent to allow the applicant to train through research, establish an independent career, and a research group at the forefront of wind research in Europe. Additionally, this MSCA addresses two of the H2020 Societal Challenges: “Secure, Clean and Efficient Energy”, and “Climate action, Environment, Resource efficiency and Raw materials”.

Mots clés : wind speed slowdown, global stilling, historical wind speed dataset, rescue and homogenization, wind speed trends, cycles, atmospheric circulation, climate change and variability

Participants :
- University of Gothenburg (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 185857.2 €
Projet PlantSoilGradients (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

In a process known as plant-soil feedback, plants can modify soil microbial communities in ways that differentially affect the performance of subsequent generations of plants. Recent studies suggest that plant-soil feedbacks may play an important role in plant community assembly and functioning, affecting plant species co-existence, primary productivity, succession and plant invasions. However, we still lack a basic understanding of how plant-soil feedbacks vary between different habitats and soil types. Moreover, plant-soil feedbacks may not only affect community and ecosystem-level processes but may also contribute to evolutionary dynamics within species and affect genetic diversity. The overarching aim of this project is to assess variation in the strength and direction of plant-soil feedbacks along soil fertility gradients in temperate grassland ecosystems at local through to large spatial scales. The proposal includes high-quality training and knowledge exchange between three countries. By combining concepts and experimental approaches from different disciplines, such as plant ecology, soil science, population biology and evolutionary and microbial ecology, we will build a mechanistic framework to predict plant-soil feedbacks in different environmental contexts and to assess their contribution to the maintenance of genetic diversity within grassland plant species. Collectively, improved knowledge of plant-soil feedbacks along soil gradients will enhance our capacity to identify those ecosystems most vulnerable to human impacts, such as invasions and land use change, and will enhance conservation and restoration of natural habitats. This proposal contributes to addressing one of the most pertinent societal challenges – maintenance of biodiversity in the face of global change – and includes a range of activities to engage with different audiences and stakeholders on the topic of soil biodiversity.

Mots clés : plant soil interactions, grasslands, local adaptation

Participants :
- University of Tartu (Estonie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 154193.28 €
Projet AlzheimersInAction (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

In addition to devastation for the patients and their families, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) generates enormous costs for the wider European economy and is an urgent health priority. There are currently no drug treatments that can cure AD or other common forms of dementia. This absence of therapeutic interventions comes from a lack of understanding about the biological changes that cause most neurological diseases. It is critical to fill in the gaps in our understanding of what biological changes are occurring during the early stages of AD in order to develop treatments that could slow progression or delay the onset of AD. The comorbid nature of this disease and the difficulty of capturing neurobiological processes in action in real time have made it very difficult to determine what changes in the AD brain actually cause the synaptic and neuronal damage that leads to behavioural symptoms. To overcome these difficulties, I propose a multi-disciplinary approach that combines and develops cutting-edge techniques in Drosophila cell biology, molecular biology, time-lapse imaging, computational modelling, and electrophysiology in parallel with exploitation of the powerful molecular genetics, versatile promoter systems and rapid development of flies. Specifically, throughout AlzheimersInAction I will use these techniques to develop an in depth understanding of how an overproduction of amyloid-β causes downstream pathologies, and how activation of the immune cells during AD causes disease pathogenesis. By the completion of this project we will have a greater understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the inflammatory response to Aβ in Alzheimer’s disease. With 10.5 million EU citizens currently living with dementia, and this value predicted to increase at an alarming rate of 2-fold every 20 years, the outputs from AlzheimersInAction will contribute to the research output, visibility, and economy of Europe.

Mots clés : glia, macrophage, drosophila, amyloid beta

Participants :
- University of Edinburgh (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 224933.76 €
Projet GENESPERSIVE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

In an increasingly changing world, organisms need to adjust to environmental fluctuations, and life-history traits should evolve towards maximizing fitness in the face of this variability. Natal dispersal - the movement between the place of birth and first breeding - is a particularly relevant life history trait, and a pivotal decision that will determine fitness prospects, population dynamics and species distributions. Despite previous evidence that not all phenotypes are equally likely to disperse, the mechanistic underpinnings driving variation in natal dispersal remain poorly investigated. Epigenetic mechanisms – changes in gene expression that do not involve changes in the DNA sequence – enable more rapid and plastic phenotypic responses than are possible via genetic change, and individual genomes may differ in their capacity to respond epigenetically – i.e. epigenetic potential. A high capacity for epigenetically-induced phenotypic plasticity may be a requirement for dispersing individuals to successfully establish in novel environments, and I predict that individuals with higher natal dispersal propensity will show greater epigenetic potential. To test this, I will use a 37-year dataset from a wild bird population and combine analysis of historical samples, field experiments and cutting-edge epigenetic techniques. I will address this question at broad spatial and temporal scales, including long-term individual data and samples from multiple Eurasian populations to track past colonization and current expansion events. I will be amongst the first providing mechanistic insights of dispersal behavior, a fundamental part of accurately predicting species responses to climate and anthropic changes. I previously focused on studying physiological mechanisms driving phenotypic responses to environmental challenges, and I with this project I will take this expertise further into connecting molecular mechanisms, evolutionary processes and broad scale population dynamics.

Mots clés : epigenetic potential, phenotypic plasticity, natal dispersal, bird

Participants :
- Spanish National Research Council (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 160932.48 €
Projet MARMIGSEX (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

In an interconnected world, the introduction of same-sex marriage in many countries has also affected the lives of LGBTI persons outside their territories, even where homosexuality is illegal. Marrying a (same-sex) citizen of these countries entails family migration rights for the non-citizen spouse. The project Marriage, Migration and Sexuality: African Migrants in Interracial Same-sex Partnerships (MARMIGSEX) investigates how same-sex marriage became a new (formal) migration channel for queer Africans and particularly examines same-sex marriage migration from sub-Saharan Africa (Kenya, Ghana) to countries of the Global North (USA, Netherlands). MARMIGSEX is an interdisciplinary research project that offers a novel approach to the study of marriage migration, transnationalism and interracial relations. First, it overcomes the heterosexual bias in the study of marriage migration and focuses on the international mobility of Africans through same-sex marriage. It examines the mobility options and paths of cross-border same-sex couples and whether and how they managed to live together before and after the introduction of same-sex marriage. Second, the project breaks from the convention of limiting study to the perspective of migrant destination countries, by emphasizing the perspective of origin countries. It explores whether and how same-sex marriage migration enables African men and women to achieve social mobility and gain appreciation and respect in Africa. Third, it questions the assumption in migrant assimilation theory that “mixed couples” are indicators of integration and a proof that ethnic and racial boundaries become less important (at least for the partners in these relationships). Hence it investigates the process of racialization of African migrants’ sexuality and how racialized sexuality becomes a resource of exchange value for African men and women.

Mots clés : same sex marriage, cross border marriage, marriage migration

Participants :
- Harvard University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of Amsterdam (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 271052.16 €
Projet TANTUMorNEUVACCINE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

In cancer immunotherapy and vaccine field, considerable efforts have been invested to optimize the induction of effector T cells that, by recognizing tumor-specific or pathogen-associated antigens, control tumor cells or infections. Preserving effector T cell function is a major focus of cancer immunotherapy approaches for clinical trials, as is the development of strategies to target regulatory T cells (Tregs) that directly control T cell hypo-responsiveness. In the vaccine field, on the other hand, several strategies have been developed to improve T cell immunogenicity to heterologous antigens expressed by viral vectors. Especially for HIV viral vectors, new vaccine approaches have yielded promising results in primates, although effectiveness was limited in human clinical trials so far. Tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN) participate in the control of human tumor progression. If and how TAN interact with effector Tregs at distinct tumor stages remains to be determined. TAN signals that may regulate the functional state of tumor T cells must be defined. It is also not known whether Tregs interact with TAN and facilitate their functional switch from anti- to pro- tumorigenic state. Distinct neutrophil subtypes are recruited as a result of pro-inflammatory environment during virus infection. Study of the mechanism of neutrophil-dependent control of T cell subset responses to virus-delivered antigens would be of major interest for the generation of viral-based vaccines. The ability of neutrophil subtypes to interact with T cells must be defined to improve the virus-based vaccine efficacy. Our studies could provide: • new treatment strategies that prevent TAN dysfunction, Tregs activation and subsequent effector T cell hyporesponsiveness, and thus increase the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy • new vaccine approaches to modulate neutrophil subtypes responses to improve antigen-specific T cell responses, and thus increase the effectiveness of HIV vaccines.

Mots clés : immunotherapy, neutrophils subtypes, tumor, regulatory t cells, cytotoxic t lymphocytes, multiphoton intravital microscopy, infection, vaccine, nfkb signaling, antigen presenting cells, vaccinia virus

Participants :
- Università della Svizzera italiana (Suisse) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 265840.2 €
- The general hospital corporation (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Autres, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet FPH (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

In clinical care, machine learning is progressively used to enhance diagnosis, therapy choice, and effectiveness of the health system. Because machine-learning models learn from historically gathered information, populations that have suffered past human and structural biases (e.g. unequal access to education or resources) — called protected groups — are susceptible to damage from inaccurate projections or resource allocations, reinforcing health inequalities. For example, racial and gender differences exist in the way clinical data are produced and these can be transferred as biases in the models. Several techniques of algorithmic fairness have been suggested in the literature on machine learning to ameliorate the performance of machine learning with respect to its fairness. The debate in statistics and machine learning has however failed to provide a principled approach for choosing concepts of bias, prejudice, discrimination, and fairness in predictive models, with a clear link to ethical theory discussed within philosophy. The specific scientific objectives of this research project are: O1: ethical theory: mapping the ethical theories that are relevant for the allocation of resources in health care and draw connections with the literature in fair machine learning O2: probabilistic ethics: understand how standard moral concepts such as responsibility, merit, need, talent, equality, and benefit can be understood in probabilistic terms O3: epistemology of causality: understand if current claims made by counterfactual and causal models of fairness in AI are robust with respect to different philosophical understandings of probability, causality, and counterfactuals O4: application: to show the relevance these philosophical ideas by applying them to a limited number of paradigmatic cases of the application of predictive algorithms in health care.

Mots clés : fairness, probability, statistics, decisions

Participants :
- Politecnico di Milano (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183473.28 €
Projet DeraceMWalk (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

In conclusion this proposal nicely combines a study of a Co-catalyzed remote hydroboration with a modern and conceptionally new approach to define stereochemistry through an elegant “deracemization” process mediated by a metal/ligand catalyst. Through this method, branched alkyl chains en route to highly complex scaffolds with a well-defined stereochemistry should be accessible. This strategy will be an invaluable asset to the scarcely existing methods creating multiple stereogenic centers in only one transformation (one could prepare 1,n-stereocenters through this approach). Moreover, the anticipated remote functionalization delivers valuable enantiopure boronic esters, that might serve as interesting and important intermediates in natural product synthesis and medical chemistry. Furthermore, mechanistic studies will give a better understanding of the proposed transformation and may pave the way for further remote transformations that involve a deracemizing metal-walk possessing branched alkyl chains (e.g. remote hydrosilylation).

Mots clés : remote functionalization, enantioselective synthesis, enantioselective catalysis, hydroboration, c h functionalization, metal walk, alkene isomerization

Participants :
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology (Israël) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 173464.32 €
Projet StrategicVillages (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

In contemporary warfare the power to destroy cities exists alongside with the power to built urban places ex nihilo. In the 70s and 80s, various Latin American States forcedly displaced people to villages created as an instrument of counterinsurgency; at the same time massacres and forced disappearances occurred in these regions. How does the simultaneous creation of strategic villages and clandestine burial sites affect the ways of inhabiting and imagining space in the aftermath of political violence? My study aims at analysing for the first time the connexion between mass violence and the forced creation of built environment. Based on qualitative fieldwork undertaken in Tucumán (Argentina) and Ayacucho (Peru) and framed within social anthropology, sociology and human geography, this research will produce a seminal in-depth study of the daily life among the strategic villages in Latin America, by analysing the experience of subjects that were forced to inhabit there.

Mots clés : social production of space, memory, mass graves, strategic villages, forced urbanization, counterinsurgency, mass violence, latin america, military dictatorships

Participants :
- École des hautes études en sciences sociales (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 201024.0 €
- National University of Tres de Febrero (Argentine) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €