Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet READIT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The digitisation of culture is having a negative effect on the amount of time spent reading literary texts. Literacy has been identified as a key factor in the EU’s growth strategy (Europe 2020) and the improving of reading skills is an issue to be addressed urgently. To face the issue of reading in a digital culture, we need to study the experience of reading, also considering that millennials are a different kind of readers: they are not attracted by traditional printed books, therefore we need to understand what kind of readers of literature they can be and design paths that can bring them to the experience of reading literature. My hypothesis is that we can use digital media to make reading more appealing. The challenge is precisely how to do that without introducing further elements of distraction. The focus of this project is on the experience of reading literary texts in the context of a digital ecosystem, and aims at answering to the questions: A. How can we use digital tools to better understand how digital culture is transforming youth’s engagement with literature? B. How to improve the engagement with literature in an era dominated by digital culture? In order to set the ground for later more comprehensive answers, my project will focus on two kinds of Digital Literary Experience: online social reading (a form of reader participation in the flowing process of text production-reception) and literary digital environments (simulated spaces created using one or more digital devices in order to provide a multimodal experience of literature). The feasibility of the project depends on the complementary training I will receive in South Korea and Italy. At Sogang University I will have the opportunity to learn how to develop digital environments designed specifically for reading literature. At the University of Milan-Bicocca, I will improve my knowledge of how to do research focused on the reading experience, from an evolutionary perspective.

Mots clés : online social reading, literary experience, reading, virtual reality, digital humanities

Participants :
- Sogang University (Corée du Sud) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of Milano-Bicocca (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 268741.8 €
Projet TopoPress (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The discovery of topological phases of matter has driven the attention of great part of the solid-state science community due to its high for future applications, led by the presence of unusual electronic properties, such as extreme large magnetoresistance and anomalous Hall effect. However, topological phases on Ce-based nonsymmorphic materials are rather unexplored. The nonsymmorphic crystalline structure may create band crossings, which are needed for the existence of non-trivial topological phases, while the presence of magnetic Ce ions gives rise to many complex effects, such as magnetism and the Kondo effect. These correlated phenomena result in a promising route to pin the band crossings of nonsymmorphic compounds close to the Fermi level, favoring non-trivial topological effects in transport properties, which may lead to the realization of new spintronic devices. This proposal aims to understand the interplay between strong electronic correlations and non-trivial topological phases in Ce-based compounds. To achieve that hydrostatic pressure and/or uniaxial stress will be used to tune the electronic bands, i.e. moving the band crossings towards the Fermi energy and/or modify the bandstructure, and the magnetic correlations in Ce-based nonsymmorphic compounds, such as CeAlGe and CeSbTe. By performing electrical transport experiments under applied pressure/stress and in magnetic fields, the evolution and interrelation between non-trivial topological phases and strong electronic correlations will be investigated. As part of the experimental work, a new technique will be developed, which combines micro-structured samples with Bridgman or diamond anvil cells. This method will enable the simultaneous realization of magnetoresistance and Hall measurements up to more than 30 GPa. Our findings will significantly enhance the knowledge in strongly correlated electrons systems and topological materials, two fundamental areas of condensed matter physics.

Mots clés : experimental physics, strongly correlated materials, topological materials, high pressure, low temperatures

Participants :
- Max Planck Society (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 174806.4 €
Projet Ethno-gentrification (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The dominant stream of Urban Studies research links ethnic or racial marginalization and class-based marginalization resulting out of gentrification processes. But in doing so, it overlooks a more complex relationship between class and ethnicity and cases in which gentrification is led by middle-class ethnic groups. In particular, there is limited research into the conditions within which class affiliation and interests may overcome considerations of ethnicity. Thus, there are even fewer studies focusing on the consequences of such processes for inter- and intra-ethnic relations. The current study takes the critical stance that without a more precise and intersectional lens, research may fail to acknowledge the potential benefits of gentrification for middle-class ethnic groups. Moreover, efforts to tackle the inequalities experienced by minority residents of gentrifying neighborhoods are themselves likely to perpetuate systems of inequalities towards working-class ethnic populations. To address this research gap, the aims of the proposed project are: (1) To map, describe, and categorize ethnic/racial-led gentrification in US cities;(2) To explore the relationship between class and ethnic affiliations in the case of ethnic-led gentrification; and (3) To examine and theorize patterns of resistance and promotion in relation to ethnic-led gentrification. The research project will employ a qualitative in-depth case study approach, encompassing a preliminary review of existing literature of ethnic/racial-led gentrification in US cities. The research will take the form of an in-depth analysis of Barrio Logan, a Latinx neighborhood in San Diego currently experiencing ethnic-led gentrification. The case study will be directed by various qualitative methods. Data analysis will include a thematic analysis. The study has an innovative contribution to re-evaluating the intersectionality of ethnicity and class in a way that will enrich the current scientific knowledge.

Mots clés : gentrification, ethnicity, race, class, intersectionality, interethnic relations, intraethnic relations, marginalization, latinx, inequalities, urban sociology, urban studies, resistance

Participants :
- University of California System (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Israël) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 269998.08 €
Projet WideBrainImaging (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The dynamic of neural computation is often studied in individual cells using inserted electrodes, or using low-resolution methods such as EEG. Functional fluorescent imaging has recently emerged as a powerful complementary tool that allows single-cell resolution of relatively large networks, opening a new regime to neuroscience. However, complex brains are generally opaque and can only be studied with scanning two-photon microscopes; with the achievable depth limited to ~0.6mm, and the volume limited by the relatively slow scan. This project will develop ultrafast scanning multiphoton microscopes to image neural activity at cellular resolution over large volumes, and at greater depth. Using these we will study patterns of activity in the hippocampus, and particularly attempt to observe the pathways involved in memory retention. To increase speed we will use temporal focusing to controllably sculpt the excitation volume and enlarge the focal spot. This reduces the number of measured pixels and allows faster scanning (or larger volume), at the cost of resolution. This will allow 25x faster imaging in a resonant scanning two-photon microscope; allowing observation of many thousands of cells at once, which could reveal the wide-scale characteristic activity. We will build a second microscope that uses three-photon excitation with temporal focusing. Three-photon imaging relies on longer wavelengths that penetrate deeper into tissue, and also suppresses background fluorescence which could otherwise limit depth. Consequently, this microscope will allow high-speed imaging at depth exceeding 1mm. This allows study of information transfer across multiple layers; or provides access to the hippocampus through the intact cortex. These studies could provide crucial insights to neuroscience that are currently accessible only for a few neurons. Following completion of this project these microscopes could have an enduring impact as they continue to be used to study neural dynamics.

Mots clés : functional fluorescent imaging, scanning laser microscope, multiphoton fluorescence

Participants :
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 178156.8 €
Projet DISC (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The dynamics of global diversity remain controversial. It has been suggested that the dynamics are expansionary, such that the number of species across regions and continents increases constantly over time. However, some have argued the opposite, namely that species numbers stay largely unchanged most of the time, and the dynamics are therefore equilibrial. This classic controversy has attracted much attention recently because of the new evidence generated by the explosion of molecular data, remote sensing, computing power, and complex statistics. I will use these state-of-the-art resources to formalize and empirically evaluate the theory of scale-dependent diversification. The theory may resolve the controversy, proposing that diversity dynamics and the factors that govern these dynamics vary systematically across spatial, temporal, and phylogenetic scales. To empirically test the theory, I will combine molecular, geographic, climatic, and trait data for birds and mammals, using cutting-edge statistics implemented at supercomputers. The results of the proposed project will not only address the controversy, but also enrich our understanding of global diversity dynamics in general. They will produce numerous implications for evolutionary theory and for the conservation and management of biodiversity.

Mots clés : macroevolution, macroecology, diversification, community ecology, biodiversity, phylogeny

Participants :
- University of British Columbia (Canada) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of Copenhagen (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 245719.8 €
Projet FFP-BSS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The ecological relationships between scavengers, predators and their prey can substantially influence their behaviour and population dynamics. Still, the impact of scavenging has been largely underestimated in food-web ecology. In this project I want to investigate the behavioural adaptations of a facultative and kleptoparasitic scavenger in relation to a predator. I aim to study one of the Northern hemisphere’s most widespread predator-scavenger system: wolves and ravens. In many areas wolves recolonize and increase the time period over which carrion is available and abundant overall. By using existing data on a large spatial scale, I will test and quantify for the first time, whether the recolonization of a top predator affects facultative scavengers like ravens at a population level; if this is the case, I will quantify these effects. Besides this, the main focus of this proposal is to identify which foraging and scrounging strategies ravens follow to locate and exploit wolf kills. I will create a unique dataset by GPS-tracking ravens in the Yellowstone National Park, in the same area where also wolves are intensively monitored and GPS-tracked. I will describe this predator-scavenger system and study the behavioural adaptations of ravens in relation to the wolves’ movements and predation. The collaboration with the Yellowstone wolf project - a natural ecosystem with minimal human impact - and the use of the latest tracking technology, the supervision by leading experts in animal movement analysis and my expertise on ravens lead to a synergic project, bigger than the sum of its parts, and will advance this field of research. Appropriate training, supervision and new collaborations will allow a significant improvement in my career perspective and enable me to become an independent researcher.

Mots clés : scavenging, kleptoparasitism, foraging strategy, gps tracking, animal movement

Participants :
- Max Planck Society (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 159460.8 €
Projet FESTIVAL (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The economy of tropical Atlantic countries is based, to a large extent, on agriculture and fisheries, which are highly climate-dependent. Moreover, climate variations affect the incidence and transmission of certain diseases (i.e: Malaria), which strongly impact on the health and livelihood of West Africa and South America populations. Consequently, the tropical Atlantic variability (TAV) has important environmental and socio-economic impacts. Two dominant air-sea coupled patterns govern the TAV: the Meridional Mode (MM) and the Equatorial Mode (EM). The MM presents an inter-hemispheric sea surface temperature (SST) gradient during boreal spring, while the EM is characterized by warmer (cooler) SST anomalies in the eastern equatorial Atlantic in boreal summer.FESTIVAL project aims to investigate the existence of the MM-EM connection from a novel non-stationary approach. The air-sea processes responsible of this interaction will be determined at different time scales. The MM and EM have profound imprints on the climate of adjacent and remote areas. If the MM-EM connection is established, their individual climate teleconnections would change, impacting on the precipitation anomalies over South America and Sahel, on the strength of the Northwest African and Angola-Benguela upwellings and on the Euro-Mediterranean climate. Moreover, the MM would act as a precursor of the EM pattern, enhancing its predictability, which still remains a challenge for the scientific community. Thus, within FESTIVAL, we will investigate the climate impact of the MM-EM link and will assess the predictive skill of the EM from the tropical Atlantic spring variability. The natural decadal variability and the externally-forced Global Warming could modify the background state, modulating the TAV and in turn the MM-EM connection. In FESTIVAL, we will properly assess the role played by the low-frequency variability in the key mechanisms for activating the MM-EM connection.

Mots clés : tropical atlantic variability, climate teleconnections, predictability, natural variability, global warming

Participants :
- Spanish National Research Council (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 158121.6 €
Projet EARNEST (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The effective management of human-dominated tropical forest landscapes is crucial in the wake of global environmental change affecting biodiversity, ecosystem functions, and the livelihoods of billions. To ensure success of such ecological management, it is essential that both planning as well as implementation is informed by long-term ecological knowledge rooted in robust scientific inquiries. Examples of science-based ecological management are rare largely due to paucity of high-resolution past ecological modelling studies that are capable of producing tangible analogues and policy-relevant information on a multi-decadal timescale. To bridge this gap in the light of India’s National Agroforestry Policy (NAP) and its wider relevance to other tropical countries, EARNEST harnesses the recent past to provide guidelines for current-future ecological management of human-dominated tropical landscapes. Adopting innovative statistical approaches (e.g. REVEALS modelling, rarefaction and multivariate ordination) well-founded on palaeoecological science, EARNEST examines the resilience of Indian agroforestry landscapes in relation to past landscape burning and climatic transitions and delivers state-of-the-art understanding of the efficacy of fires in forest management and its implications for the efficient implementation of NAP. Under the MSCA flagship, EARNEST develops this policy-relevant Excellent Science in a highly-skilled, interdisciplinary and equitable European environment, offering unprecedented opportunities for the Fellow to acquire the right technical, management and leadership skills through advanced methodological training and international mobility. Enabling transfer of her newly developed knowledge through open-access publications, conferences, public events and benefit-sharing actions in India will add to her competence in devising and leading high-impact and policy-oriented research, increasing her employability in both academic and non-academic sectors.

Mots clés : paleoecology, statistical modelling

Participants :
- The Open University (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 171022.95 €
Projet INSPirAUTOR (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The elucidation of regulatory networks that govern cell growth and carbon storage in photosynthetic cells may potentially benefit the world's dependence on the declining reserves of fossil fuels. The growth/carbon sink relationship impacts metabolism, carbon partitioning and productivity but its regulation is poorly understood. Recently, we found a connection between two major cell growth regulators in the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Our findings revealed a synergistic effect between TOR kinase and Inositol polyphosphate (InsP) regulating lipid metabolism and the recycling process of autophagy. Based on the relevance of these results, we aim to find the mechanisms and the conditions in which this intersection takes place within the green lineage. In this sense, we have designed a straight-forward project including different goals. First, we will set novel analytical tools to evaluate the InsP level fluctuations in the presence of new TOR inhibitors and monitor the impact on autophagy flux and lipid metabolism in the model photosynthetic organisms Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Arabidopsis thaliana. Second, we want to identify the phosphorylation targets of InsPs using Kinome/P-phosphoproteome in a Chlamydomonas InsP-deficient mutant. This analysis will unravel the phosphorylation network of InsP signaling and will provide new insights about the role of InsP in the control of cell growth. Third, we will evaluate InsP levels, autophagy flux and lipid storage under nutritional stress to determine the InsP modulation response in plants and algae. Understanding this signaling pathway will impact metabolic engineering of food and biofuel crops to improve yields of high-value products including oils and lipids. We believe this project will impact a general audience and will help to teach people how basic research can turn into a greater understanding of a process that is conserved in humans and has a direct economic impact.

Mots clés : autophagy, tor kinase, inositol polyphosphates, lipid metabolism, chlamydomonas reinhardtii, arabidopsis thaliana, c storage, biofuels, metabolic network

Participants :
- Spanish National Research Council (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 170121.6 €
Projet ADGENTHE-CDA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The emergence of next-generation sequencing technology (NGS) has revolutionized the diagnosis of genetic diseases including hereditary haematological diseases (HHD) providing a fast and accurate diagnosis, which ultimately leads to health improvement in these patients, as effective treatments are earlier provided, avoiding unwanted and detrimental aspects such as iron toxicity. Gene therapy is starting to be successfully applied in HHD. BloodGenetics (BG) S.L. has previously identified new mutations and new causative genes of HHD and nowadays is commercializing NGS-panels for a number of HHD. This proposal will focus in a particular HHD, the Congenital dyserithropoietic anemias (CDA), a bone marrow failure condition characterized by congenital anemia with ineffective erythropoiesis. The general aim of this proposal is to advance in the establishment of state-of-the-art tools for the diagnosis and treatment of CDA. Specifically, we aim to: 1) stablish a new panel including novel identified genes for and improvemnent in CDA diagnosis, 2) develop new engineered cellular models using CRISPR/CAS9 system for CDA modelling and 3) develop gene therapy tools applied to type II CDA in collaboration with International University of Catalunya (UIC) and Center for Energy, Environmental and Technological Research (CIEMAT). We strongly believe that this project will result in the achieving of a faster and more accurate diagnosis of CDA and to advance in the establishment of molecular tools for CDA gene therapy, which overall will dramatically improve patients’ quality of life.

Mots clés : hereditary hematological diseases, anemia, congenital dyserytropoietic anemia, next generation sequencing, genetic diagnosis, gene theraphy

Participants :
- Bloodgenetics sl (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 172932.48 €