Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet GLOBALGUNS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project studies the historical relationship between military technology, globalization and the rise of European overseas empires by focusing on the provisioning system of cannons in the first political entity which ever connected the four parts of the world: the Iberian Union (1580-1640). If cannons have become a symbol of early modern European expansion, no study has tackled their contribution in sustaining overseas conquests. In defence of dozens of sea-fortresses and on board of hundreds of ships spread around the globe, cannons played a crucial role in the first globalization as key infrastructures of the Iberian empires. The project aims to shed light on this world-wide deployment of artillery technology by revealing the emergence of a system combining gun-manufactures in Europe, America and Asia, all connected through circulations of weapons, raw material and technical experts. The special attention granted to the actors of the system intends to highlight the importance of human capital in the imperial state-building and globalizing processes. The project implements a twofold interdisciplinary methodology: while computer software is used in order to quantify and map the system, archival sources are crossed with material evidence coming from the wide collections of cannons hold in museums so as to reveal circulations and hybridizations of knowledge. Complemented by thorough archival work on case studies about the gun-foundries in Mexico, Cuba, Manila and Macau, this research addresses the issue of technological asymmetries between centres and peripheries inside the Iberian empires and questions the role of European colonial spaces in the globalization of the military revolution. By doing so, this project contributes to two EU priorities as it provides a reflection, from a historical perspective, on Europe’s place in a global context and generates knowledge on the cultural heritage of European coastal areas regarding their proto-industrial developments.

Mots clés : military revolution, spanish empire, portuguese empire, history of technology, cannon manufactures, circulation of knowledge, digital humanities, material culture, global history, early modern history

Participants :
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 259398.72 €
Projet ESTREA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project will address the emerging healthcare problem of Treatment Resistant Depression (TRD). Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a major social and clinical burden, responsible for ~15% of all days lived with disability in EU. Treatment challenges arise from the different biological dysfunctions implicated in different patients and the lack of biomarkers available to guide the choice of anti-depressants. Preliminary evidence suggests that genetic variants may be useful in making treatment choices, but further work to identify relevant variants is needed. Previous pharmacogenetic studies have focused on identifying common genetic variants associated with antidepressant response. The role of rare variants has not been well studied and few studies have investigated the genetics of TRD (patients with two or more failed treatments). This project will combine exome sequencing and genome-wide genotyping in the unique GSRD sample of 1346 MDD patients characterized for stages of treatment resistance (number of failed treatments). This study aims to identify both rare and common variants associated with stages of resistance, the first such study to be performed. The analysis will focus on genes and pathways instead of single variants, since the cumulative effect of a number of variants is likely to disrupt the functionality of a gene or pathway. The study will assess the impact of clinical variables on genetic finding, and develop a genomic profile for TRD which can be used to guide treatment in patients. These findings will be used to design a prospective clinical trial to test the cost-effectiveness of the TRD genetic markers. I will seek funding sources to implement the trial, an essential step to translate the findings to the clinic. This personalised medicine study should facilitate the development of new evidence-based treatments and substantially reduce the time to identify the best treatment strategy in MDD.

Mots clés : antidepressants, treatment resistant depression

Participants :
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 137591.1 €
Projet CAR-OAC (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project will be focused on designing a microfluidic device to visualize haemodynamics within a carotid-artery mimetic device. The system will be designed to evaluate associations especially between fibrinogen, erythrocytes, and platelets when subjected to shear and coagulation-inducing factors. The design will include biologically and mechanically variable properties as may occur in transient ischaemic attacks (TIA). The intended system is to have similar composition and dimensions as the extra-cranial (common to internal) carotid arteries. Physiologically relevant dimensions will be implemented where the common artery will have a lumen diameter of 6.1 mm with variable thickness (0.6 to 0.9 mm), whereas the internal artery will be 4.7 mm in diameter with thickness of 0.7mm. The system will be equipped with pressure and stretch-inducing mechanics which can be modulated to trigger rheological and biological responses. Specifically, stretching will cause exposure of tissue factor and lipids, capable of triggering inflammatory coagulation. The proximal formation of biological or physical occlusions will be assessed using this device. Also, the design will enable visualization of intra-vascular activity as may be illustrated in live high-resolution confocal microscopy. Flow properties of liquids with varied rheological properties similar to blood will be tested. Clinicians and researchers studying the pathology of strokes and TIAs or conducting studies on intravascular thrombosis will be able to engage this device in experiments while pharmaceutical developers will be able to engage the device in testing actions of therapeutic agents. Stroke remains the second leading cause of death globally and through the development of this device, both developers and potential users of the device will be able to explore effective and applicable solutions. Elvesys will avail the researcher an enriching environment to master IP, marketing concepts, patenting and public engagement.

Mots clés : vasculature on a chip, microfluidics, elastic modulus, biophysics, cardiovascular, membrane dynamics

Participants :
- Elvesys (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 196707.84 €
Projet Art and Brain (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project will bring Matthew Pelowski to Vienna University to undergo a unique two-way program of knowledge transfer and to conduct an innovative, integrated behavioral/neural study of art perception using causative brain manipulation via TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation). Art is a unique feature of human life. Uncovering how it affects us requires joint expertise in aesthetics, psychology and neuroscience. Employing TMS, we will systematically manipulate three key brain regions (prefrontal, temporal and parietal), while individuals view a selection of art. Cognitive, emotional and evaluative reactions will be recorded via specially designed survey and assessed via a cognitive model which integrates these factors, both of which were created by Dr. Pelowski and which he will introduce to the Vienna group. Simultaneously, Dr. Pelowski will be supported by leading experts in art’s neural study under guidance of host Dr. Leder, and will receive training in TMS. By comparing responses to a control and using Dr. Pelowski's methodology, we will collect a comprehensive within-subject dataset of specific impact of brain regions on art experience. This research will provide the “next step” for clarifying previous cognitive and neurological findings, achieving their integration. It will clarify general questions of brain role in emotion and evaluation. It will also have wide inter-sectoral application to dementia research and art therapy, which will be explored with experts in Leder’s group, and will be a breakthrough to future study of integrated neuroaesthetics and psychology of art. This project will also create a new research direction, expanding from an established center at University of Vienna, continuing a key tradition in empirical aesthetics. It also creates a point of continuing collaboration between Vienna, US and EU, and will further launch the career of Dr. Pelowsk and extend his proficiency to causative brain research.

Mots clés : art perception, brain function, cognition and emotion, causative study

Participants :
- University of Vienna (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 178156.8 €
Projet EPINET (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project will bring in a research fellow with significant experience in the development and application of signal processing tools applied to electromagnetic brain signal, to work with a group carrying out leading research in epilepsy and in the development of non-invasive tests to localise brain function in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. EPINET research aims at developing and validating innovative methods to localise and characterise non-invasively functional properties of the epileptogenic zone (EZ), i.e. the area responsible for the generation of epileptic seizures. The candidate, L. Quitadamo (LQ), will bring to the team expertise in the classification of biological signal and computer programming developed through collaborations with world-leading teams involved in brain-computer interface (BCI) research, complementing the expertise of the host research group in non-invasive mapping of brain function. Furthermore, she will benefit from expert training in the analysis of neuroimaging and neurophysiological tests (Magnetoencephalography (MEG), High Resolution EEG (HR-EEG), spike-activated fMRI and Intracranial EEG). The benefit will be two-fold: The candidate will extend her expertise in signal processing to the clinical assessment of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, developing new and complementary skills applied to specific clinical applications, which will enable her to reach a position of maturity and professional independence. The host group will have access to new methods of classification of bioelectrical signal and develop analysis tools that will be made available in the public domain together with a repository of multimodal electromagnetic signal obtained in the presurgical assessment of patients with epilepsy.

Mots clés : epileptic seizures, phfo, machine learning

Participants :
- Aston University (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet BEYONDBRANDS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

This project will demonstrate the significance of semiotics (the study of meaning-making) for science and society by developing a definition and conceptualisation of one of the most emblematic phenomena of Modernity: the brand. Indeed, although brands are of interest to us all, they remain multifaceted phenomena and defining them proves to be quite a difficult task: they are associated with entities that are not only very different to each other (e.g. an organisation, a product, a logo), but also hazy (e.g. a service, values). Whether one comes from marketing or social sciences, the quasi-ontological question of “what a brand is?” turns out to be a real intellectual challenge. Thus, drawing on and developing the theoretical and methodological apparatus of semiotics, the objective of this fellowship will be (O1) to define what a brand is semio-ontologically and what it produces semio-functionally. This involves determining how brands physically come into existence, and what they bring, in turn, to the social experience of the individuals who use them. The conclusions of my PhD thesis on the concept of “forms of life” will bring innovative hypotheses that will also enable me (O2) to create an alternative model for brand identity to those developed over the last 20 years in marketing, notably because it will place experience at the heart of all the issues. Finally, to refine the model and reveal its advantages, I will conduct a case study aimed at (O3) modelling the identity of Marca Perú, the Peruvian nation brand. By (O4) investigating the meaningful gap, that brands always raise, between promised experiences (in communication) and real-life experiences (in consumption), this case study will complete and conclude my principal objectives (O1-O2), as well as the global aim of this fellowship: to contribute to the development of the European semiotics in non-academic sectors (specifically the business one) and in other continents (mainly the American one).

Mots clés : semiotics, brands, branding, peru

Participants :
- University of Warwick (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 249597.12 €
- Pontifical Catholic University of Peru (Pérou) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet CURAS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project will determine if dolphins possess representational understanding of individual-specific signature whistles (SW). Dolphin SWs are a created and learned social signal and are thought to function similar to human names. We will examine parallels between dolphin use of SW and human use of acoustic labels which will give us an understanding of representational signalling systems outside of human communication. Research from the host organization has demonstrated that dolphins use innovated and learned contours to address specific individuals, and research conducted by the fellowship applicant has shown that dolphins maintain the memory of these contours for over 20 years. The next step for both programs is to determine if SWs are representational (i.e. do the SWs elicit a mental image of the caller in the minds of the receiver). Establishing this would show that SWs do function similarly to human names and that long-term memory for these whistles is tantamount to long-term memory for social partners. Furthermore, demonstrating a representational relationship between a signaller and signal in SWs would provide a true understanding of mental representations elicited by signals in a non-humans animal species, something that is extremely difficult to demonstrate in animal communication. To do this, we will first assess the dolphins’ ability to identify conspecifics by gustatory recognition of excreta. Then, using the practice of cross-modal playbacks of sound and chemical cues, we will look for response differences between matches and mismatches of individual identity coded through the two modalities.

Mots clés : dolphin communication, chemical signaling, cognition, referential communication, representational communication

Participants :
- University of St Andrews (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet V-ChiralSpin (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project will develop a new way to manipulate chiral spin structures such as skyrmions using voltages. Building on the expertise of the fellow in voltage control of magnetism in multiferroic heterostructures, this project uses the unique Spin-Polarised Low Energy Electron Microscope (SPLEEM, in Berkeley) to characterize chiral spin structures in tailored multiferroic heterostructures. By studying (in Leeds) the effects of voltage control on current-driven skyrmion motion in these heterostructures, V-ChiralSpin aims to establish a new, technologically relevant, research area. Representing digital data with magnetic skyrmions offers a promising route to reduce the vast energy consumption and carbon footprint associated with current information technologies. Skyrmion sizes can be in the nanometre range and controlling them with voltage will reduce or eliminate the need for power-hungry electric currents or magnetic fields. The approach will be to manipulate chiral spin textures in tailored epitaxial multilayers via interfacial strain transfer from ferroelectric and piezoelectric substrates. The mechanisms coupling micromagnetic phenomena to voltage signals will be determined through SPLEEM imaging, micromagnetic simulation, and current-driven transport measurements as a function of voltage-controlled strain. Beyond transport properties, we will explore the use of voltage signals to write and delete skyrmions and other spin textures. The fellow will become an expert in the technique of SPLEEM, in the field of chiral spin structures, and in magneto-transport measurements. This fellowship will build and strengthen networks of researchers that will benefit both the fellow and the team members in the hosts. Leeds will benefit from knowledge transfer through the fellow of expertise in SPLEEM and chiral spin structures. Both Berkeley and Leeds will profit from the Fellow’s knowledge of electric field control of magnetism and expertise in micromagnetic simulations.

Mots clés : magnetic domains, magnetic domain walls, multiferroic heterostructures, voltage control of magnetism, skyrmions, dzyaloshinskii moriya interaction, microscopy of magnetic materials

Participants :
- University of Leeds (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 269857.8 €
- University of California System (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet Novel and the Heart (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

This project will examine the heart as a rhetorical figure in anglophone fiction of the Victorian (1837-1901) and modernist (1901-39) periods. Though the heart is one of the most important tropes in Western literature, and research has shown that its cultural meanings changed dramatically from the Medieval period to the early Victorian, there has been no study of the heart and the novel form or the use of the trope beyond the mid-19th century. The primary deliverables will be a monograph, The Novel and the Heart: 1840-1940, and an edited collection, The Body and the Novel: 1800-1940. The research will also lead to the delivery of 5 conference papers, the publication of 3 journal articles, and dissemination to non-academic audiences through European Researchers’ Nights and a public talk for the Bristol Festival of Ideas. The project will pursue a multi-disciplinary approach, drawing on expertise in medical history and the history of the novel, acquired through the University of Bristol’s Centre for Health, Humanities, and Science (CHHS) and Stanford University’s Centre for the Study of the Novel respectively. This expertise will primarily be developed by training-through-research under the supervision of Alex Woloch, an expert on character and Victorian fiction, and Ulrika Maude (Director of the CHHS), an expert on the body in medicine and literature. I will also acquire skills in digital approaches at the Stanford Literary Lab, a leading research centre which pioneered computational criticism. The knowledge, skills, and expertise gained at the outgoing institution will be transferred back to the host through contributions to research, public engagement, teaching, and student mentoring activities. Specific activities include a workshop series for the CHHS on medicine and the novel, a best-practice talk for the Digital Cultures and Methods research unit, and a symposium on “The Body and the Novel: 1800-1940” featuring contributors from both universities.

Mots clés : literature and medicine

Participants :
- Stanford University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of Bristol (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 271732.8 €
Projet G20LAP (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project will examine whether the shift in global economic policymaking from the G7 to the G20 has increased its democratic legitimacy and ability to accommodate discontent with economic globalisation. More specifically, I ask how we can explain the relation between more inclusive inputs to policymaking and its outcomes in terms of global financial governance. Ten years following the shift to the G20 and with a full policy cycle behind us, this question can be answered through a multi-methods approach of semi-structured elite interviews - made possible through my years as an international policymaker at the European Central Bank - and network analysis. The interviews will complement an existing set of over 150 elite interviews, paving the way for longitudinal analysis. With support from the Data Archiving and Networked Services centre, these interviews will form a uniquely comprehensive database durably accessible to researchers. My main proposition is that the dynamics of ‘club governance’ hamper substantive change as new members are socialized into conforming to patterns of groupthink. Nevertheless, policy changes can materialize if new topics enter the agenda framed within the boundaries of the existing ideational consensus. The strength of the existing consensus on any given subject should therefore predict to what extent the more democratic policymaking process is reflected in policy outputs. The Sheffield Methods Institute will provide expert training in qualitative analysis. The host, SPERI, is home to established academics working on similar topics, while supervisor Professor Andrew Baker has unique expertise on G-group policy forums. This institutional fit will ensure my further development as a scholar. This policy-relevant project will contribute to International Economics, International Relations, International Political Economy, and Political Science. The dissemination strategy will address scholars, policymakers and the general public.

Mots clés : global financial governance, g groups, legitimacy, rising powers

Participants :
- University of Sheffield (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 319400.64 €