Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet CLIMCONFLICT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project draws upon historical, palaeoclimatic, palaeoecological and archaeological records to examine the role of extreme weather in the occurrence of violence and conflict in medieval Ireland. The research is founded upon the Irish Annals, which preserve a detailed record of violence and conflict as chronicled by monastic scribes from the sixth to thirteenth centuries and, thereafter to the seventeenth century, by hereditary historians employed by the Irish nobility. The Irish oak tree-ring record provides a means of identifying years of extreme wetness and dryness, while Greenland ice-core records furnish evidence for major volcanic eruptions that often caused extreme cold. Combining these diverse sources affords an important opportunity to examine whether extreme weather meaningfully influenced violence and conflict in a complex agrarian society for over a millennium. To identify the mechanisms that may link extreme weather to violence and conflict, insights will be drawn from written sources such as the Irish law texts, hagiographical texts and bardic poetry. The rich record of weather extremes, societal impacts and coping mechanisms provided by the Irish Annals themselves will also be exploited. Climate-conflict linkages are also likely to be mediated by changing background socioeconomic and climatic conditions that promote varying societal resilience to extreme weather. Diverse palaeoclimatic, archaeological and palaeoecological evidence will thus be employed to track the often dramatic changes in Irish agricultural and military technology, in settlement and political structures, and in average precipitation and temperatures, experienced across this long period of Irish history.

Mots clés : climate conflict, extreme weather, climate history, environmental history, environmental archaeology, medieval ireland

Participants :
- Trinity College Dublin (Irlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 187866.0 €
Projet STTDAA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project entitled “Synthesis of Truncated tirandamycin A-D derivatives as new Antihelminthic Agents (STTDAA)” aims at developing novel asparaginyl tRNA synthetase (AsnRS) inhibitors as potential antihelminthic agents, with new mechanisms of action for potential treatment of lymphatic filariasis (LF). LF is one of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) top 10 neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), This incapacitating disease has infected over 200 million people in 73 tropical and subtropical countries, while more than 1.4 billion people remain at the risk of infection. Thus a top priority of the WHO is to search for new antihelminthic drugs that kill adult worms (macrofilaricides), have new mechanisms of action, and exhibit fewer side effects than currently available medications such as albendazole and ivermectin to which parasite resistance has already been confirmed. To this end, two distinctively different but complimentary synthetic approaches towards tirandamycin A-D (TAMs A-D) derivatives, as AsnRS inhibitors will be developed. This will be followed by intensive structure activity relationship (SAR) studies, which will further promote improvements of the bioactivity and the drug characteristic of the synthesized derivatives. These studies will compose a vital part of a more comprehensive drug development program.


Participants :
- University of Gothenburg (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 173857.2 €
Projet FLOW (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

This project examines transnational patronage of the Tibetan diaspora and tracks its overlapping geopolitical and sociocultural impact at local, national, and international scales. In this project, I will first map transnational patronage, increasingly from Buddhist organizations sweeping across East and Southeast Asia, and second investigate its impact on the material, spiritual, and psychosocial landscape of the Tibetan diaspora in India. By combining anthropology, religious studies, and international relations, the project will generate new data on how the intersection of geopolitics and global Tibetan Buddhism shapes diasporic Tibetan identity and ethnic belonging in Indian settlements. In short, the project analyzes the recursive loop between transnational patronage and Tibetan identity formation within the Indian milieu it most directly impacts and against the backdrop of Chinese geopolitics it most clearly reflects. As such, it will be the first quadratic analysis of diasporic Tibetans grounded in ethnographic fieldwork. The imbrication of global Tibetan Buddhism, patronage networks, and refugee politics necessitates scholarship which analyzes value creation and attendant forms of soft power. Such research is a corrective to an anti-materialist “Othering” within Tibetan Studies which, paired with lay New Age Orientalism, distorts the ethnographic picture of contemporary Tibetans.

Mots clés : diasporaic religion, tribal studies

Participants :
- University of Copenhagen (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 207312.0 €
Projet CommGenRwa (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project explores commemorative responses to the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda, seeking to build an understanding of the forms of commemoration taking place among Rwandan genocide survivors living in the diaspora. Focusing on three European case study areas – Belgium, France and the UK – it will examine the myriad ways in which community groups, authors, artists and creative practitioners are communicating their experiences of violence and exile to the host societies, and will investigate the impact of place and displacement on commemorative practices within diasporic communities. As the 25th anniversary of the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda approaches, this project will make an important and timely contribution to the field of Cultural Memory Studies, advancing new critical paradigms – conceptualised in terms of a particular form of ‘exilic memory’ – for understanding the articulation and transcultural circulation of memory in specific diasporic locations. It is significant that the project will be completed in Belgium, given the colonial history shared by the two countries. The primary outputs of the project will include the completion of a monograph, the organisation of an interdisciplinary symposium and the curation of an exhibition at the Royal Museum for Central Africa in Brussels, which will feature the work of Rwandan diasporic artists and writers. These dissemination and outreach activities, combined with the personalised training offered by Ghent University’s Postdoctoral Talent Management programme, will enable the researcher to acquire new competencies and multidisciplinary knowledge and to further enhance her scholarly profile and publications, which will be crucial for reaching a position of professional maturity. The MSCA-IF at Ghent University will also offer the researcher the opportunity to establish international collaborations in her field and will facilitate outstanding intellectual exchange.

Mots clés : rwanda, diaspora, commemoration, cultural memory, trauma

Participants :
- Ghent University (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 160800.0 €
Projet RELCAPETOWN (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project explores the interaction between religions and migration in specific areas of Cape Town, South Africa, from the perspective of the “religious super-diversity” notion, which considers not merely the diversity of cultures brought by migration, rather their visibility in cities with more diversities and multiple identities, involving race, ethnicity, legal status, age, and gender, but also generating conflicts and exchanges of knowledge among cultures. Added to the “religious super-diversity” is the spatial relationship between religious communities and their places of worship and the urban environment. This project will focus on the strategy of the “religious super-diversity’s place building”, according to which each religious community interacts with territory, social context, institutions, and other religious communities, promoting new processes in which diversity and religious pluralism involve a civic dimension, the religious agency of migrant groups and social cohesion. The areas of Cape Town known as Subcouncils 15, 16 and 20 have been selected for the impressive presence of old and recent migrants’ religious places (different Christian churches, Synagogues, Mosques, Hindu Temples, etc.). Although official statistics reveal low percentages of regular foreign immigrants (1%), the numerous “national” religious places in Cape Town and the kind of responses they offer to migrants suggest a different picture. This project suggests the super-diversity perspective provides a ground-breaking focus on religious cohabitation in Cape Town that is still lacking. Dynamics of leadership and territorialisation will be investigated through an analysis of the religious sites, whose role in the environment will provide new indicators about religious conflicts and social benefits. To this end, a fieldwork will be achieved on the basis of an updated methodology based on ethnographic inquiry, empirical and comparative study of religious actors and movements.

Mots clés : religious super diversity, transformation of societies, globalization, glocalization, exclusion and inequalities

Participants :
- Sapienza University of Rome (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212433.6 €
- University of Cape Town (Afrique du Sud) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet ReMiCom (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project fills the research and policy gaps in the understudied phenomenon of return migration in Africa, against the backdrop of recent migration 'crisis' in Europe, the increasing securitization of the EU's external borders to curb irregular migration, and the complex emergencies faced by migrants transiting through Libya to Europe. It uses a multilevel governance (MLG) framework to explore the decision-making processes/politics of returning stranded migrants from Libya to their countries of origin in the context of interdependence between governmental actors and nongovernmental organizations at the local, national, regional, and global levels. The few previous studies on return migration in Africa have given relatively little attention to these critical linkages and their reciprocal constructions, in the integrated manner of the MLG approach. The project explores the effects of MLG dynamics on return migrants' reintegration, and the effects of institutional complexity on intergovernmental coordination and policy coherence. The empirical study focuses on Ethiopia and Nigeria, two key priority countries under the EU-IOM Joint Initiative for Migrant Protection and Reintegration, which have served as major countries of origin for migrants and which have witnessed the return of migrants from Libya. The project uses structured focused comparison and process tracing research design, and qualitative methods involving in-depth interviews with returnees and key informants, and document analysis. Consistent with the understanding of MLG as a complex interaction between multiple configurations of actors with divergent interests, ideas and power resources, this study will analyze the mechanisms through which multiple governance authorities interact to shape return migration policies/politics, how these multilevel policies/politics affect sustainable reintegration of returnee migrants, and the strategies used by these migrants to navigate complex MLG dynamics.

Mots clés : eu migration  crisis, border securitization, return migration in context of complex emergencies in libya, eu iom joint initiative, multilevel governance

Participants :
- University of South Wales (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 224933.76 €
Projet ETE SPEAKER (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project focuses on automatic speaker recognition (SID), the task of determining the identity of the speaker in a speech recording. Disentangling the speaker specific information from the rest of nuisance variability requires complex models. Deep neural networks (DNNs) have recently showed their potential for this, as the popular x-vector learnt by a DNN. Here, we aim for end-to-end SID where the system is optimized as a whole for the target task. Despite several attempts in this line of research, many aspects still remain unexplored or not explored thoroughly. We also propose to explore recurrent approaches, suitable for dealing with temporal signals, as well as different pooling methods to obtain a fixed-length representation from a variable length input sequence of speech features. Next, we want to explore different flavors of attention mechanisms, which make the DNN to focus on relevant parts of the input, providing a way to quantify how much evidence has been collected about the speaker identity and the uncertainty of the obtained representation, which is a critical issue when making (Bayesian) decisions in SID. Finally, some other approaches such as using the raw signal (instead of features) or other advances that might arise will be also explored for SID and related tasks. To achieve our goals, we will start from theory, implement the proposed approaches and test on public SID benchmarks such as NIST SREs. The outcomes are intended to benefit both scientific community and speech processing industry. The applicant Dr. Alicia Lozano-Diez is an excellent female researcher, who has done her Ph.D. at Audias (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain), a respected research lab. The host group Speech@FIT from Brno University of Technology (Czechia) has a top-class track on speech processing research. Thus, we expect the combination of both the researcher and the host to boost the researcher career and benefit the host group (and its industrial European partners).

Mots clés : speaker recognition, deep neural networks, attention models, deep learning, language recognition, speech processing

Participants :
- Brno University of Technology (Rép. Tchèque) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 120817.2 €
Projet NONLOCQUANT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Mathematics
Statut du projet : SIGNED

This project focuses on quantum automorphism groups of graphs and their connection to isomorphism games. We will investigate physically observable quantum behaviours, prove self-testing theorems and foster a two-way exchange between quantum groups and quantum information. The latter connection relies on quantum isomorphisms of graphs, which are defined as perfect quantum strategies of isomorphism games. Quantum isomorphisms from a graph to itself have been shown to be equivalent to quantum automorphisms, in the setting of quantum automorphism groups. One of the main questions that the project aims to understand are nonlocal symmetries of graphs. Those are quantum symmetries of graphs coming from non-classical quantum strategies of the corresponding isomorphism game. Interestingly, there are graphs that have quantum symmetry, but all quantum strategies are equivalent to classical ones. Thus, there is a difference between the considered model of reality and our observations of reality. Understanding this phenomenon will enable us to provide new examples of pairs of quantum isomorphic, non-isomorphic graphs. Another objective is to obtain self-testing theorems for isomorphism games. In the language of nonlocal games, self-testing means that any near perfect strategy is close to some fixed reference strategy. Self-testing theorems of linear binary constraint systems will be studied to transfer them to the isomorphism game setting. The project aims also to use recent results in quantum information theory for addressing open questions in quantum groups. On the one hand, giving examples of quantum automorphism groups of graphs that are not residually finite dimensional. On the other hand, figuring out the complexity of computing quantum symmetry and nonlocal symmetry.

Mots clés : graph automorphisms, automorphism groups, quantum isomorphisms, quantum automorphism groups, quantum groups, quantum symmetries, finite graphs

Participants :
- University of Copenhagen (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 207312.0 €
Projet PALP (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project focuses on the archaeology and history of the territory of Pathiana, a small (30x40km) region in southern Senegal which has played a key role in the history of the Senegambia over the last millennium. From the 12th to the early 20th C, and through four major socio-political disruptions, Pathiana survived as a political unit and centre of power, becoming a key player in the Atlantic trade in the process. Nevertheless, despite its key historical importance, Pathiana has never been archaeologically or historically studied, except for some limited excavations conducted as part of the applicant’s PhD. The proposed project aims to redress this situation by combing archival research with surface survey and recording of oral traditions amongst village elders. This will generate three interrelated datasets -historical European accounts and maps, local oral historical narratives, and archaeological survey data- which will be combined to achieve two main goals. Firstly, this project will rectify a major lacuna in our understanding of the Senegambia by systematically documenting the archaeology of Pathiana and its associated traditions. This will correlate for the first time the region’s intangible narratives with tangible remains and generate the chronologies and baselines for future research to build on. Additionally, this interdisciplinary dataset will be used to explore how the political structures of a small but powerful polity changed and adapted through seven centuries and three major societal upheavals, and how such structures were reflected in, and articulated through, the landscape. This project thus will generate highly significant data and interpretations concerning both the history of the Senegambia and wider debates on societal organization, political complexity, and the relationship between power and spatiality, as well as further exploring the long-standing dialogue between oral traditions, written sources and archaeology.

Mots clés : african archaeology, mali empire, kaabu, fulaadu, french colonialism

Participants :
- Spanish National Research Council (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 160932.48 €
Projet LACRYMOSA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project focuses on the self-limited self-assembly of nanocrystals that involves inorganic particles assembling into highly ordered terminal structures. The design of such structures is still challenging but offers many perspectives for templating assemblies of desired shape and size, and for several applications ranging from optoelectronics to energy storage and biosensing. In this scope, the objectives of the proposal are structured around three main stages: (i) the chemical design of uniformly sized, hybrid magnetic/non-magnetic systems, (ii) the monitoring of the self-assembly reaction in situ using real-time measurement techniques, and (iii) the characterization of the effect of an applied external field on the morphology of the assembled structures. The chemical design methodology of the self-limiting complex particles will be investigated along with Prof. Nicholas Kotov (University of Michigan, USA) during the outgoing phase. X-ray scattering/imaging experiments yielding high spatiotemporal resolution will be performed in large-scale synchrotron facilities in the USA as well as in Europe during the return phase along with Prof. Andrei Petukhov (Utrecht University, Netherlands) with whom the effect of an applied magnetic field will be further studied. A collaboration between the two host institutes in Europe and USA will take place through this fellowship and will involve the competences of the three parties: in chemical engineering of hierarchical assemblies in solution (Prof. Kotov), in X-ray scattering/imaging for studying the self-organization of colloids (Prof. Petukhov) and in data analysis/modeling and X-ray scattering (the fellow Law-Hine). The project should bring new insights into the mechanisms of formation of self-limiting, multifunctional nanoparticles and provide strategies for designing these particles using external control fields.

Mots clés : self assembly, kinetics, nanocrystals, time resolved saxs, waxs

Participants :
- Utrecht University (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 242929.8 €
- University of Michigan–Ann Arbor (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €