Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet MSCA FIRE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Cofund Doctoral programme
Statut du projet : CLOSED

MSCA FIRE: Fellows with Industrial Research Enhancement The FIRE programme is an integrated 4 year Doctoral Training programme, bringing together two national Centres for Doctoral Training: the Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies and the Centre for Digital Entertainment. The objectives of MSCA FIRE are to increase the international aspects of these successful intersectoral and inter-disciplinary programmes and to develop the elements of transnational mobility and career development, common to our industry facing doctoral programmes. Objectives are to: - Offer FIRE Fellows the benefits of two established national Doctoral Training Centres, as they expand their international company placement activities. - Bring Fellows the benefits of the cross-sectoral reach of both Centre, with vibrant industries. - Enhance interdisciplinarity and offer added-value training practices beyond their specialised research area, to all fellows. - Use these synergies to fire-up the fellows to become autonomous, creative, highly-skilled and fully ready for careers in international industries. This will be achieved by: - Implementing a combined 4 year doctoral training programme, - using two existing national Doctoral Training Centres and their already engaged industrial partners. MSCA FIRE will deliver: - 20 autonomous, creative, highly-skilled scientists and engineers fully ready for careers in international industries, and - A model for intersectoral, interdisciplinary doctoral training in an international environment. Industrial partners ensure that research carried out is relevant and will enhance employability of graduates, both in Europe and globally.

Mots clés : interdisciplinary, intersectoral, international, doctoral training, industry partners, digital entertainment, sustainable chemical technologies

Participants :
- University of Bath (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 2092800.0 €
Projet Boss Ex Machina (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Machines, artificial intelligence (AI) and algorithms are reshaping work and power relationships in a large number of fields, with far-reaching societal and legal consequences. For instance, workers can receive instructions through a digital app, be tracked by a wristband collecting sensitive information, while employers can take screenshots on a smartphone and use metrics and customer reviews to set variable remuneration. Today, cyber-physical devices make it possible to implement new practices of organizing, executing, monitoring and evaluating employees’ performance – in each and every industry. These tools determine a “genetic mutation” of prerogatives legitimately exercised by bosses. While such technologies have the potential to create a flexible environment for workers and managers, they can also strengthen authoritative tendencies. This study will map new “boss ex machina” practices, evaluate their legal compliance, and assess the resilience of the existing normative framework at the EU level. This work will be qualitative in nature and adopt an innovative and pragmatic approach, by reviewing concrete examples where these modern practices have been implemented. I will collect a number of cases showing how the tech industry, social partners and policy-makers are addressing this phenomenon; then, I will consider the impact of new technologies of digitized management on contractual templates, labour regulation and social institutions. Finally, I will examine if and how the legal framework can accommodate these models without stifling innovation. The resulting theory will serve as a timely regulatory fitness and performance study to evaluate policy interventions recently put forward or implemented by several governments and institutions. This project aligns with the European Commission approach to AI and robotics, and the multiple initiatives taken by EU institutions in the context of the Pillar of Social Rights aimed at building a sustainable future of work.

Mots clés : labour regulation, managerial prerogatives, algorithmic management, employment relationship, digital transformation, internal flexibility, workforce analytics, control power, artificial intelligence

Participants :
- IE University (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 160932.48 €
Projet Dielec2DBiomolecules (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Macromolecular organization and interactions have long been recognized to be strongly influenced by electrostatic and electrodynamics interactions which in turn depend on the molecular polarizability. In particular, molecular polarization plays a fundamental role in the molecular structure of biomolecules like DNA and proteins. Yet, this physical property of biomolecules has remained almost unexplored so far because measurements on the molecular scale are a technical challenge. Previous experimental work mostly relied on standard approaches as such broadband dielectric spectroscopy which are limited to the micrometer scale and, therefore, cannot resolve the polarization properties of single molecules. Hence, new experimental approaches are needed to measure the polarizability of molecules at molecular level. In this project, we will tackle this important issue and develop a novel experimental platform that will allow to access for the first time the polarizability of biomolecules under two-dimensional (2D) confinement. This will be achieved by coupling two novel technologies of nanoscience: scanning dielectric microscopy, a recently developed scanning probe technique, and the 2D-materials technology. We will engineer novel 2D liquid cells by assembling 2D crystals, and we will measure the dielectric properties of the biomolecules confined inside using a scanning probe. This is an ambitious experimental research with a strong interdisciplinary and groundbreaking nature, based on the powerful combination of new microscopic approaches with novel 2D materials. The developed platform will access previously unknown physical properties of biomolecules that are crucial to understand their behaviour. It will provide much-needed feedback for first-principles and mean-field theories and allow a better understanding of biomolecular structure and functions.

Mots clés : graphene, 2d materials, scanning probe microscopy, atomic force microscopy, dielectric polarization, nanofluids, electrostatic interactions, van der waals forces

Participants :
- University of Manchester (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 224933.76 €
Projet FASTMAGNETS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Magnetic data storage enabled the tremendous progress in the modern computing and the amount of data world-wide is progressively growing. The continuing growth relies on the technological innovations as well as research in the fundamental magnetic interactions. With the growing amount of data being recorded/erased on the magnetic memory devices, it poses a question of what are the fundamental speed limits for altering the magnetization state and what are the underlying mechanisms of the interaction. One of the most intriguing questions in the field of ultrafast magnetism is what is the fundamental speed limit for demagnetization (“erasing”) or magnetization switching (“writing”). In this proposal the applicant proposes the use of novel state-of-the soft X-Ray sources based on high order harmonic generation (HHG) to study magnetization dynamics in ferromagnetic materials on the unprecedented temporal resolution. The aim of this project is to address three fundamental questions in the field of ultrafast magnetization dynamics: (1) how fast can a magnetic sample be demagnetized when heated by an ultrashort laser pulse? (2) how fast can the magnetization component of a device be switched by an oscillating electromagnetic field? (3) what is the mechanism behind the ultrafast laser-induced demagnetization? These three work packages will be performed at University of Geneva together the support from thee partner institutions: INRS-EMT in Canada, and two groups in ETH Zurich. These results will lead to a major breakthrough in ultrafast magnetism research field and represent the long-standing goals actively pursued by many laboratories around the world. These experiments will provide an insight into the physics, the ultimate speed limits of such ultrafast magnetization switching, and will contribute to the development of fast memory storage devices in the future.

Mots clés : ultrafast magnetism, femtosecond, x ray, high order harmonic generation

Participants :
- University of Geneva (Suisse) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 175419.6 €
Projet ORIGAMI (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Magnetic fields lie at the heart of essentially all the outstanding problems in galactic evolution. However, the measurement of interstellar magnetic fields is very challenging. We can either measure the strength or the direction of the magnetic field vector in different regions of the Milky Way. Clearly, in order to assess the impact of the magnetic field in the core processes of galactic evolution, such as star formation and stellar feedback, we need to complement the observations with simulations of the magnetic field evolution. The most successful simulations of the galactic magnetic field evolution show that tiny magnetic seeds of cosmic origin were amplified to their current values through a dynamo process. In a dynamo, large-scale galactic processes such as differential rotation and turbulence twist magnetic field lines, and small-scale processes like Ohmic diffusion reconnect them. However, simulations of this process so far lack the simultaneous modeling of the processes that generate turbulence and the realistic small-scale diffusion that drives the dynamo. This ambitious project will develop the first simulations that will include all the core processes of galactic evolution, such as a multi-phase interstellar medium, time-dependent star formation and stellar feedback, and the realistic non-ideal MHD terms necessary for modeling a dynamo. The simulations will be performed with the RAMSES code, a throughly tested tool for galaxy evolution simulations. The Adaptive Mesh Refinement technique employed in the code will allow capturing the self-consistent generation of turbulence by stellar feedback, and its zoom-in capabilities will allow re-simulating regions of interest with enough resolution to model the magnetic field diffusion. The outcome will be the first self-consistent model of the Galactic magnetic field, an essential input for cosmological, galaxy-evolution, and star-formation theories, and a reference tool for observational studies.

Mots clés : magnetic fields

Participants :
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (Grèce) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 152653.2 €
Projet ARTES (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Magnetic materials and devices play a tremendous role in information technology to meet current societal challenges. Antiferromagnet (AFM) spintronics is considered as a disruptive approach, enabling scalable and efficient spintronic devices. Ultimate stability and speed, combined with recent observations, e.g. the enhancement of the spin current transport when a thin AFM layer is sandwiched between Yttrium Iron Garnet and Pt, and along with theoretical predictions of superfluid spin transport, indicate significant untapped potential of this class of materials. I tackle the key open questions on spin transport in AFMs: (i) To develop and employ an all-electrical read-out of the Néel vector. The Néel vector can be set, by studying AFMs across the spin-flop field, and then compared with the resulting magnetotransport signal. In collinear antiferromagnetic conductors, the anisotropic magnetoresistance/planar Hall effect will be used, while in these and others collinear AFMs, a read-out by the Spin-Hall Magneto-resistance (SMR) at the interface between the AFM and a heavy metal will be employed, e.g. in NiO/Pt and MnN/Pt. The SMR will be additionally correlated with direct imaging of the AFM domain structure, performed in synchrotrons. (ii) To explore a new writing method, based on the voltage control of magnetic properties, via the migration of oxygen ions, as demonstrated in ferromagnets, where the anisotropies can be tailored. (iii) To transport spin in antiferromagnets. By thermally generating spin currents via the spin Seebeck effect, I will study the transport in AFM metals and insulators. Temperature-dependent measurements allow us to ascertain the role of the different spin current magnon modes. Finally, the spin injection in NiO and the exciting predicted spin superfluidity in AFMs will be probed. This work is expected to be important, not only to understand the rich physics of spin transport in AFMs, but also toward using AFMs for novel spintronic devices.

Mots clés : magnetoresistance, magnons, spin currents, antiferromagnetic spintronics, spin seebeck, spin hall effect, voltage control of magnetism, spin superfluidity

Participants :
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 159460.8 €
Projet MarsMag (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Magnetic sounding is a powerful tool to explore the interior structure of a planetary body because electrical conductivity carries information on mineralogy, temperature and volatile content. We propose to apply this to Mars and thus shed light on important questions such as crustal water and therefore habitability of extraterrestrial bodies. Magnetic sounding relies on the principle that external fields induce currents in the subsurface. These induced responses provide information on subsurface electrical conductivity structure and can be measured from orbit and on the ground. While a range of techniques have mainly been developed for terrestrial investigations, this field of study has mostly been unexplored for other planets. Here, the magnetic field environment dictates the nature and geometry of the inducing external fields, and often times limited data sets pose new challenges. We plan to fully exploit martian data sets from orbit and on the ground to (1) characterize the magnetic field environment of Mars and (2) explore the electrical conductivity structure within the planet. This project will also pave the way for applying magnetic sounding methodologies to other terrestrial bodies, including Merurcy or the Moon. The deep interior of a planet or moon carries information on its formation and evolution and contributes to the goals of ongoing planetary missions such as the InSight mission to Mars. InSight, the first surface mission equipped with a magnetometer landed on Mars last fall and the host professor and the candidate are involved as Co-PI on the seismometer team and as science investigator on the magnetometer team, respectively. This Fellowship will therefore contribute and further consolidate ETH involvement with InSight. Finally, Martian seismic activity thus far seems to originate mainly in the crust and complementary investigations using magnetic sounding will improve our understanding of crust and mantle structure and its relations to marsquakes.

Mots clés : mars, magnetic field, electrical conductivity

Participants :
- Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology (Suisse) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 191149.44 €
Projet KISS ME (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Magneto-electric (ME) materials have been attracting considerable interest for their potential application in e.g. data-storage. Up to now, applications have been hindered by the weakness of the polarization generated by the ME effect. KISS-ME relies on the recent discovery by the host laboratory of inorganic compounds built on Low-Dimensional magnetic units. Dealing with 1D and 2D topologies carrying macrospins with large magnetization, they form the ideal playground for enhanced ME properties. The applicant proposes to quantify the ME performances on such phases and on new specifically-designed ones. This will allow to deduce the ideal chemical/structural/magnetic context for giant ME. It is a prerequisite for the prediction and synthesis of optimal multiferroics, limited so far by weak ME polarization and low temperature. Our multi-step strategy includes Design, Elaboration, Crystal Growth, Structural and Physical Characterization and theoretical modeling of relevant low-D ME. Concerning the host-available samples, source of inspiration, it concerns original inorganic compounds with remarkable magnetic properties, i.e. rare examples of low-D ferromagnetic compounds with incommensurate structures, large magnetic periodicities, inorganic single-chain-magnets, and 2D-Ising FM… Their structural topologies associated with strong and sizeable spin-orbit couplings (SOC) and original spin-flip-like transitions give all pre-requisites for enhanced magneto-electric (ME) couplings and electric polarization of magnetic origin (type II multiferroics). For the conception/Design of further compounds, we have to handle individual magnetic units and well adapted spacers, according to incremental magnetic dimensionalities. In pseudo-3D phases (i.e. isolated blocks), room temperature magnetic orderings are expected, a challenging step of industrial relevance. The KISS-ME research relies on the acquisition by the host PPMS system, that the applicant will dedicate to the project.

Mots clés : multiferroic materials, structure properties relationship, low dimensional magnetism

Participants :
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 123783.68 €
Projet NAMELESS-STORIES (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Mainly limited to a male gaze, the history of the Rubber Boom in Bolivian Amazonia (1870-1920) seems to be somewhat biased. The sources of the period present us with a hyper-masculinized landscape in the Amazonian jungle, and neglect the numerous women – Creoles, Europeans or Indigenous – involved in the extractive machinery by forgetting, anonymizing or relegating rubber women as minor, transparent, and almost invisible social actors. By developing an innovative and multidisciplinary approach that combines ethno-history, ethnography, gender studies, digital humanities and visual anthropology, the project aims to trace, reconstruct and revalue female agency during the Bolivian rubber boom. The aim is to rescue testimonies of and about native women (siringueras, cooks, maids, washers, lovers, “bush wives”) neglected by the sources due to their ethnic condition, but also related to the working Creole or European women who arrived in the Amazon to be silenced by the sexist bias of regional historiography, or either those women who were rendered invisible as immigrant settlers that joined their relatives in the great rubber adventure. Therefore, the first objective of the project is to create a participatory and open access web archive about multiethnic women during the rubber era, making available the information gathered to a broader public: the digital archive will consist of historical documentation and above all ethnographic data, unpublished texts and little-known pictures about the extractive experience of rubber women. The second objective is a critical re-reading of the oral, documentary and visual information in order to analyze the multiple modalities of female participation in the extractive endeavor, and reconstruct an heterogeneous continuum of relations linking women and rubber that ranged from barter to wage labor, from marriage alliance to compadrazgo (fictive kinship), and from commerce to sexual violence, kidnapping and even enslavement.

Mots clés : bolivian amazonia, rubber boom   women, extractivism   forgotten hsitories, memory, digital humanities, anthropology, ethnography, history

Participants :
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183473.28 €
Projet MEMTOR (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Maintenance of membrane tension at the plasma membrane (PM) is an important yet understudied aspect of cellular homeostasis. Dysregulated membrane tension homeostasis has roles in cancer, neurodegeneration, and metabolic syndrome but its study has been limited by a lack of tools to measure and manipulate it. The Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 (TORC2), an important signaling hub regulating cell growth, has an unexpected role in maintaining PM tension homeostasis. A screen for TORC2-specific inhibitors identified the lipophilic molecule palmitoylcarnitine (PalmC) which induces a reversible loss in PM tension. It is currently unknown how PalmC is able to induce this tension loss, but understanding both its mode-of-action and how cells are able to recover from its effects are important for its development as a potential membrane-targeting drug. In this proposal, we aim to reveal key proteins involved in the effects of PalmC (Aim 1). We expect that a specific plasma membrane-localized transporter will mediate its uptake. Both by identifying this protein and solving its structure in a native-like lipidic environment and/or in complex with PalmC, we hope to reveal new insights into how PalmC might be tailored for therapeutic potential. We will also investigate the recovery process post-PalmC treatment, starting from the observation that the TORC2-activating protein Slm1 co-localizes with TORC2 and forms very large clusters at sites of PalmC-induced membrane invaginations (Aim 2). Previous observations of TORC1 regulation suggest that clustering is correlated with the formation of ordered polymers. To investigate whether this is a conserved mechanism of regulation, we will attempt to isolate a Slm1-TORC2 superstructure and determine its structure using cryoEM with the expectation that structural details about the interactions between these proteins within the superstructure will reveal mechanistic insights into the regulation of TORC2, as well as membrane tension.

Mots clés : membrane tension, plasma membrane homeostasis

Participants :
- University of Geneva (Suisse) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 203149.44 €