Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ImpChar (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Over the last half a century there has been much debate over the quantities and mechanisms of thermal energy release during impacts of small asteroids such as Tunguska event (Russia) or Kaali craters. This has been caused in a large part by the fact that the existing observational and modelling approaches have focused on large impact craters that generate high temperature/pressure transitions which leave noticeable signatures in the rocks they affect. However, small impacts craters developed in unconsolidated materials have not been thought to leave long lasting traces of the thermal energy released during their formation. Recently however, Losiak et al. (2016) found charcoal buried within ejecta blanket of Kaali Main crater where sedimentological analyses and 14C dating suggest that the charcoal was formed at the same time as the craters within which they were found. Subsequently Losiak identified charcoal in Kaali 2/8, Ilumetsa Small, Ilumetsa Large and the Morasko Main craters, indicating that charcoal is not restricted to a single crater, single impact or single location. Project ImpCHAR will use a novel analysis method that measures the reflectance properties of charcoal, which has been recently shown to relate to the energy that created it. ImpCHAR will use this method to determine the heating regime from which the chars were created. In order to achieve this Project ImpCHAR will experimentally recreate the heating conditions in a laboratory setting in order to determine the most likely mechanism of charcoal formation. This will allow developing a method of unequivocally identifying small impact craters developed in vegetated unconsolidated sediments: up to this point most of those kinds of structures could be identified only based on circumstantial evidence of co-existing crater-like shape and occurrence of meteorites. Additionally, ImpCHAR will critically disentangle debate surrounding the energy release during formation of small impact craters.

Mots clés : impact craters

Participants :
- University of Exeter (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet WARMM (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Over the past 30 years, sea ice in the Arctic has declined by 3-4% per decade, making the Arctic the area experiencing the most rapid ecological changes due to climate change. Understanding the consequences of climate change on the Arctic ecosystem is therefore part of the European Union’s (EU) wider efforts. As a consequence of rapid sea-ice loss and increasing temperatures, the abundance, diversity and distribution of low trophic level organisms will be inevitably altered, generating cascading effects through the entire marine food chain from phytoplankton to apex predators. Despite their crucial role as bio-indicators of the Arctic marine ecosystem, the capacity of Arctic cetaceans to adjust their behaviour (foraging, movement patterns) and physiology (fat storage, thermoregulation) to climate-induced perturbations remains poorly understood. By compiling a multi-species long-term dataset covering 25 years and including 2 Arctic (narwhal and bowhead whale) and 2 sub-Arctic (humpback whale and harbour porpoise) apex predators, the WARMM project aims at investigating the behavioural and physiological responses of these species to climate change. The choice of the 4 cetaceans is based on their contrasting diet, habitats and level of activity, making this dataset unique to feed a comparative analysis of how these 4 species will cope with an imminent warming ocean. I will exploit a large existing dataset that will be augmented by physiological data collected during the project to (1) identify the foraging strategies from acoustic and accelerometry data, (2) link the behaviours and physiology to the environment, to finally (3) predict the future responses of apex predators in terms of thermal stress and geographical range. Our project will constitute an unprecedented scientific baseline to advise the EU and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in mitigating the effects of climate change and safeguarding the Arctic marine biodiversity.

Mots clés : whales, climate change, ocean circulation, foraging behaviour, diving, arctic, apex predators, habitat changes, satellite tracking, resource selection, acoustics, spatial modelling

Participants :
- Grønlands Naturinstitut (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 286921.92 €
- University of California System (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet HyPPOCRATES (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Over the past few years hyperspectral (HS) imaging has been broadly applied in a wealth of different applications with remote sensing of the environment being the most prominent one. HS imaging provides a rich amount of information by generating images and videos of high spectral resolution captured at a wide range of the electro-magnetic spectrum. Recently, HS data have been shown to offer remarkable advances to a new field of significant interest i.e., medical HS (mHS) imaging. The high spectral resolution of HS data makes them amenable to identifying even subtle spectral differences related to various pathological conditions. In view of that, mHS images and videos have received considerable attention lately. mHS data have already been used for non-invasive diagnosis of several types of cancer e.g. brain, tongue cancer, as well as for diabetic foot diagnosis and surgical guidance. mHS imaging is anticipated to remarkably flourish in the years to come taking into account the recent advances that have occurred in the development of micro-size and low-cost HS cameras. However, despite this large progress in HS imaging hardware, sophisticated algorithms capable to interpret these data are still missing. HyPPOCRATES aims at deriving new powerful mHS image and video interpretation schemes tailored to mHS data processing, by applying novel machine learning ideas. To this end, the problems of subspace clustering and unmixing will be investigated for performing refined mHS image and video understanding. Along those lines, constrained matrix and tensor factorization approaches will be explored for devising computationally efficient and scalable machine learning algorithms. Overall, the main objective of the project is to bridge the gap between the recent advances in mHS imaging and those in machine learning research. This way, the researcher aspires to go the diagnostic process of several serious diseases, such as various types of cancer, one step further.

Mots clés : machine learning, medical imaging, hyperspectral images and videos, matrix factorization, tensor decompositions

Participants :
- National Observatory of Athens (Grèce) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 259808.64 €
- Johns Hopkins University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet URBENV (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Over the past half century, urbanism has become the cornerstone of global environmental action. Yet the term “environment” is ambiguous, multi-layered and contested. This is especially so when it is linked with the urban question, expressing a sense of collective urgency, but also demands for urban environmental justice that are irreducible to the greening of cities. This research project explores the urbanism-environment nexus historically and today. Building on a premise that “environment” is at once an ecological condition, a technological interface and a political metaphor, I examine how professional urbanists understood, designed and governed the environment. This transdisciplinary project focuses on three areas of urbanism—policy, design and research—and examines the genealogy of three interconnected fields, in which the environmental problematic has been central: urban regeneration, landscape urbanism, and urban science. This research spans the period between the 1960s and today, and analyzes the circulation of ideas, policies and practices among institutions, projects and individuals situated in the US, Europe and the former Eastern Bloc. What could environmental urbanism mean in the future? My research is underpinned by a sense of contemporary socio-environmental challenges, and aims to build bridges between historical, critical and strategic approaches in urban studies. By developing and departing from Michel Foucault’s concept of “environmentality,” this research draws attention to affinities and tensions in the urban arena between solution-focused ecological urbanism, demands for environmental equity and forms of environmental governmentality. While the concept throws into relief power relations associated with environmental action, it needs to be updated with respect to concrete ecological, technological and political dilemmas that the field of urbanism faced in the past and faces today. Could “environment” transform the urban question in ways that exceed technological solution, and become a signpost for more democratic urbanism?

Mots clés : urbanism, environment, governmentality, environmentality, genealogy, architectural history, urban history, urban regeneration, urban science, landscape urbanism

Participants :
- Estonian Academy of Arts (Estonie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 223128.0 €
- Columbia University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Centre canadien d architecture (Canada) — Partner, organization partner, Recherche, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet SiliConomic (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Over the past three decades, plant ecologists have become increasingly interested in studying functional traits to better understand how terrestrial plants allocate their resources. This led to a prominent ecological theory: the ‘fast-slow’ plant economics spectrum, which describes a universal spectrum of plant economics comprising key plant properties. The spectrum runs from fast-growing species with traits associated to rapid resource acquisition to slow-growing species having traits involved in conservation of resources and investing more resources in anti-herbivore defenses. Although major nutrients have been included in the spectrum, the concentration of silicon (Si) in plant tissues has long been ignored, a significant omission given that vascular plants contain Si in widely variable concentrations, in some cases far exceeding those of macronutrients. Most previous ecological studies have considered Si as an anti-herbivore defense and structural component, which can substitute for carbon-based defense compounds, rather than integral to other aspects of plant eco-physiological strategies. The aim of SiliConomic is to leverage functional trait-based approaches to build an eco-physiological understanding of the role of Si in terrestrial ecosystems and determine its position in the plant economics spectrum. To do so, key characteristics of plant eco-physiological/defense strategies will be measured in Mediterranean shrubland/rangeland ecosystems along a unique long-term natural soil fertility gradient spanning two million years of ecosystem development, and a long-term fertilization/grazing experiment. A plant growth experiment under controlled conditions will be conducted to develop a mechanistic understanding of underlying processes. The project represents the first attempt to integrate Si in the plant economics spectrum, is based on exceptional environmental gradients and collaboration with world-leading researchers, and is of global interest in plant ecology.

Mots clés : plant functional traits, plant economics spectrum, plant anti herbivore defenses, plant silicon, soil chronosequence, soil nutrients, herbivory

Participants :
- University of Western Australia (Australie) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 243603.6 €
Projet FIMAF (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Overfishing is one of the critical concerns of the European Union as it seriously threats food security and well-being of EU's fishing activities. One important aspect of overfishing is the change in the composition of fish communities, - as exemplified by temporal transition from large piscivorous fishes towards smaller invertebrates and planktivorous fishes. This may alter the trophic interactions within the ecosystem. Despite the importance of trophic interactions for ecosystem functioning, this issue remains largely unexplored especially due the inability to reconstruct historical food webs. However, this technical lock can now be overcome thanks to the method recently developed by the host institution, which demonstrated that δ13C and δ15N from otolith organic matter mirror prey isotopic signature and hence can be used to reconstruct important diet characteristics. In this project, we propose to use this cutting-edge technique for tackling the challenging question of the impacts of fishing activities on fish diet and trophic level. Thanks to a unique collection of otoliths (1900-2015) from three threatened fish species of high commercial values with different life history characteristics, namely the pelagic saithe (Pollachius virens), the bentho-pelagic cod (Gadus morhua) and the demersal haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), we will investigate temporal shifts in otolith signatures occurring in response to variability in fishing pressure. This multidisciplinary research program will include several steps from the laboratory work to the statistical modelling. Due to the innovation of its thematic and its state-of-art techniques, this FIMAF program will place its coordinators and the EU at the forefront of international efforts for understanding fishing activities impacts and will contribute to their research excellence and competitiveness. Finally, the completion of this fellowship will undeniably paves the way for further invaluable ecological applications.

Mots clés : fishing impacts, shifts in trophic interactions, threatened fish species, stable isotopes, otoliths

Participants :
- Aarhus University (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 200194.8 €
Projet SOCIETY Rinascimento (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : European Researchers' Night
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Overwhelmed by a pandemic that destroyed consolidated habits, researchers must think ahead and focus on what is next. The theme that we propose for the 2021 edition of the ERN is Rinascimento, the fruitful period that stemmed from the great plague raging Europe in the fourteenth century. The Italian Renaissance is known for the spectacular growth of arts, literature, and philosophy but it was rooted in times of great difficulties and major societal transformations, demonstrating how challenges can be the gateway to notable developments. The fight against the pandemic in 2020 has diverted public attention from the significant challenges humankind faces: climate change is already affecting our lives and safety; a blind development pays little attention to people?s lives and the environment, fostering widespread inequality. A new Rinascimento needs to start here, where the core of the problems lies: revisiting the economic, political, and social relations among different countries and cultures, and re-thinking how we interact with the planet and its delicate equilibria. Researchers can play a role in building a new vision of the future, but a real shift in mindset is only possible when society becomes an active actor of change. SOCIETY Rinascimento will remind the public that challenging times may provide the right context for a needed change. Thanks to its network of stakeholders, SOCIETY Rinascimento will offer a wide range of activities and topics to target different public kinds. We will base our engagement strategy on three well-established pillars: an extended partnership and a long-lasting program of activities; diversity of topics and approaches; special attention to the Next generations. Visitors will see first hand how researchers work to build a new idea of society: resilient, environmentally friendly, inclusive, and fair. Each participant will have a chance to embrace an active role in promoting societal change.

Mots clés : public engagement, event, dissemination, cultural heritage, schools, young people, edutainment, gender balance

Participants :
- Cineca (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 20250.0 €
- National Institute for Astrophysics (Italie) — Partner, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 4813.75 €
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics (Italie) — Partner, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 4137.5 €
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (Italie) — Partner, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 9110.0 €
- Comunicamente srl (Italie) — Partner, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 105000.0 €
- University of Bologna (Italie) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 54045.0 €
- National Research Council (Italie) — Partner, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 10937.5 €
Projet ROMAINE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Ovid –the classical Roman poet of love and mythology– became an immensely influential literary figure in Western Europe during the 12th and 13th centuries. Due to his versatility, ambiguity and multi-generic poetic creativity his readership only kept growing towards the Renaissance, although this demanded a number of different reading strategies (or excuses), best known through the French adaptation of the Metamorphoses, Ovide moralisé (14th century). But allegory and moralizing were not the only medieval appropriations of Ovid's myths. The present project aims to bring the historical and literate reception of the Metamorphoses and the Heroides into the discussion. Reading Ovid’s classical mythology ‘at face value’ or as a part of history was, in fact, a substantial part of the medieval engagement with the Roman poet. Two major works of vernacular historical writing actually use Ovid’s texts in this manner: the Castilian General estoria (compiled 1270-84), and the French narrative of the ancient world, the Histoire ancienne jusqu'à César (14th cent. version). The three vernacular texts and their similar appropriation of Ovid need to be studied together. This comparative, multilingual and transnational approach is another innovative aspect of the proposal. Breaking out of nationally defined research traditions requires a new intellectual framework which will be provided by the Danish-English Centre of Excellence, the Centre for Medieval Literature (Odense and York). The project fits perfectly into the European agenda of CML which divides its research into three main strands: fictionality, languages, and canon. The present proposal will draw on, and contribute to, CML in all three areas: studying literature that crosses languages (Latin, French, Castilian), theorizing both the medieval canon (differing but contemporary approaches to Ovid) and the modern, and bringing the medieval reception of classical mythology into the discussion about fictionality and historicity.

Mots clés : reception of ovid, medieval literature and historiography, france, spain, mythology, romance languages, comparatives studies, translation, literary canon, alfonso x, history of mentality

Participants :
- University of Southern Denmark (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 200194.8 €
Projet DECODE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Owing to advances in sequencing technology, we are now beginning to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer development and evolution. Tumours however are heterogeneous, often containing admixed normal cells and different (sub)clones, confounding interpretation of the massive amounts of data flowing from large initiatives such as the International Cancer Genome Consortium. To address this issue, I will develop methods that disentangle tumour bulk gene expression (RNA-Seq) and DNA methylation (Bisulphite-Seq) data to accurately reveal the states of the distinct underlying cell populations. The innovative algorithms will derive estimates of the allele-specific expression/methylation rates and tumour copy number profiles from the data and use them to separate the signal coming from the tumour from that of the normal cells. In a second step, the method leverages the wealth of available cancer ‘omics data using a recommender-system approach to complete the deconvolution. Careful validation will come from teasing apart computationally mixed pure samples as well as from ongoing and planned collaborative single-cell sequencing projects. A detailed analysis of tumour expression and DNA methylation heterogeneity on these single-cell datasets will guide further methodological advances. As an intrinsic part of the project, massive pan-cancer datasets will be deconvoluted. Drawing on the pure transcriptomes and epigenomes, I will construct a more comprehensive taxonomy of cancers, laying the basis for significant improvements in clinical prognostic prediction and personalised treatment. This project will shift the paradigm of genomic tumour heterogeneity to include the more actionable transcriptome and epigenome. In turn this will lead to a better understanding of how (epi)genomic alterations translate into the transcriptomic (and proteomic, interactomic, …) changes driving cancer evolution.

Mots clés : tumour heterogeneity, molecular archaeology, pan cancer analysis, single cell sequencing

Participants :
- The Francis Crick Institute (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 195454.8 €