Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet Freq4Num (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Mathematical skills are critical in modern societies and their development has considerable financial impact on the GDP per capita. Moreover, mathematical difficulties are a frequent factor in children’s learning difficulties. The ability to handle approximate large quantities has been identified as a building block of mathematical skills but the mechanism allowing to extract numerical magnitudes (i.e., numerosity) from environmental stimuli is still debated. Most authors agree that humans have an Approximate Number System that specifically processes numerosity. However, a set of objects is not only characterized by its numerosity but also by additional visual information related to its continuous dimensions (e.g., object size). Accordingly, the alternative theory argues that the numerosity is extracted through a weighting of the continuous dimensions of the stimulus. The opposite views cannot be properly tested through classic behavioral and neuroimaging approaches due to the intrinsic correlation between numerosity and continuous dimensions. Freq4Num aims at disentangling the specific cerebral responses to numerosity and to continuous dimensions. This objective will be achieved by adopting an innovative frequency-based approach to specifically measure the neural correlates of both numerical and continuous dimensions, and their potential interaction. More precisely, the project will combine Steady-State Evoked Potentials (SSVEP) paradigms with electro-encephalography (EEG) and Magneto-encephalography (MEG) to 1) test whether the system discriminates numerosity and other continuous dimensions within stimulus sequences, and 2) highlight whether and how the brain builds neural representations of numerosity and continuous dimensions. Freq4Num will considerably develop the career of the experienced researcher by allowing her to bring significant new advances to the field and to foster her independent research skill and international network.

Mots clés : numerical cognition, numerosity extraction, fast periodic visual stimulation, quantities, non symbolic, mathematical abilities

Participants :
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 160800.0 €
Projet VaViM (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Mathematics is a human activity, and as for all human activities ethical considerations arise. However, so far the ethics of mathematics has remained an under-explored topic both among philosophers and mathematicians. Because mathematics is a collective epistemic endeavour injustices in its social structure, such as biased refereeing practices, impact its epistemic output. These injustices have not yet received sustained critical reflection, even though they are both socially relevant, since they impact the careers and hence lives of mathematicians, and epistemologically relevant, because they shape publicly available mathematical knowledge. VaViM will study the virtues and vices that manifest in such injustices and develop an interventionist philosophy which supports concrete recommendations, such as policy advice. VaViM expands the theoretical frameworks provided by the virtue-theoretic literature to a study of cases of injustices in mathematical practices. This empirically informed philosophy will provide detailed investigations of how virtues (e.g. charity) and vices (e.g. egotism) manifest in mathematical knowledge-making. This will reveal points of connection between the ethics and epistemology of mathematical practices and open up a discursive field for philosophers and mathematicians to engage with the ethics of mathematics. As a European centre of excellence in socially relevant philosophy the VU Amsterdam is the perfect host for VaViM. The shared philosophical interest in the sciences ensures the two-way transfer of knowledge between VaViM and its host and provides ample opportunity for collaboration. The VU’s expertise with public philosophy and its research networks provide excellent means for dissemination for VaViM’s findings on the societal challenges mathematicians are facing in Europe in a changing world. Through VaViM I will enrich the European Research Area as a pioneer of a socially and epistemologically relevant philosophy of mathematics.

Mots clés : philosophy of mathematical practice, epistemic injustice, ethics of mathematics

Participants :
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 175572.48 €
Projet PartAct (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Mathematics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Mathematics is at the heart of many areas of research in the Sciences and Social Sciences, with new mathematical achievements feeding the growth of other areas. Most scientists are familiar with the notion of the algebraic construct of a group, and how groups may be used to encode and explore the notion of symmetry, by studying the way on which they act on various structures. However, much of the universe is not symmetric, and neither do we always have actions totally known or defined. In such situations it is monoids, and partial actions, that provide the correct mathematical paradigm. The overall aim of this project is to develop and apply two (related) sets of semigroup theoretical techniques for actions and partial actions. We have four sets of Objectives: Obj. 1. To determine when the partial action of a monoid M on a set X via partial bijections can be lifted to actions by bijections, and answer the corresponding question for inverse monoids. Obj. 2. To determine the conditions under which strong partial actions of monoids on sets with additional structure lift to actions on sets with the same structure. Obj. 3. To develop the theory of associative algebras and C*-algebras constructed from (partial) monoid actions. Obj.4. To determine the algebraic constituents and constructs associated to reflection monoids, in particular, to determine their congruences and ideals, and associated lattices. Each Objective is supported by a Work Package, each of which will take approximately 6 months, and result in a journal output. Our methodology, as usual in pure mathematics, is that of testing examples (including by computation), spotting patterns of behaviour, making and proving conjectures. A careful plan has been designed for the ER, weaving the academic objectives of the proposal with a 2 year programme of training and personal development in both skills and knowledge.

Mots clés : action partial monoid semigroup reflection act

Participants :
- University of York (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet UMAQ (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Media Accessibility (MA) - the research area dealing with the theories, practices, services, technologies and instruments that provide access to media products, services, and environments for people that cannot, or cannot properly, access that content in its original form - is at the core of the most pressing priorities of the European Commission, such as the European Disability Strategy 2010-2020 and the Digital Single Market Strategy. For a long time, policies involving MA have been concerned with quantity, that is, setting quotas for inducing the widespread adoption of MA solutions, e.g. hours per year of subtitled TV programmes. Now that quotas are being met in many EU countries, attention is shifting over to quality. Standardisation is the very instrument through which quality requirements are implemented at a policy level. Unfortunately, accessibility standardisation at a EU level is subject to a fragmented situation due to a plethora of divergent rules. Difficulties in harmonising the various standards, beyond mere differences in terms of national systems, are mainly due to a lack of research: the absence of a theoretical framework for understanding quality in media accessibility. The overall aim of this project is indeed to carry out the first comprehensive analysis of the notion of quality in MA and provide a unified theoretical framework for understanding it. Under the hypothesis that MA groups a series of practices to manage, transform and transfer information, the project will draw on scholarship on information quality and investigate if and how it can help to successfully deal with MAQ. The project will boost a coordinated research programme at an international level and enable the creation of a set of recommendations aimed at strengthening the EU policies, which will in turn benefit all the stakeholders in the accessibility value chain and facilitate the achievement of a Digital Single Market.

Mots clés : media accessibility, quality assessment, information quality, subtitling, subtitling for the deaf and hard of hearing, audio description, standardisation

Participants :
- Autonomous University of Barcelona (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 158121.6 €
Projet MindSElS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Medications are one of the most common healthcare interventions and one with great risk of adverse events and serious harm to patients. Medications incidents in hospitals are frequent and a serious concern. Electronic medicine management systems (EMMS) implemented in hospital are known to reduce some safety risks but also introduce new ones. A way to prevent harm to patients from the use of medication is through organising for collective mindfulness (alertness to risks) and through learning from everyday resilience. EMMS introduced in sociotechnical contexts of hospital care may affect collective mindfulness and resilience, in ways that are context (or nation) specific, as countries differ in structures, processes, and legislation. This project proposes a collaboration with Australian and European centres of excellence in the field of patient safety, to study mindfulness and resilience in medication safety in relation to EMMS. As part of the research, a mixed-method before-and-after study of EMMS implementation will be conducted in hospitals in Australia, followed by a comparative study across four European countries (UK, France, Italy, Norway). The aims are to develop theory and method for EMMS evaluation, investigate whether and how EMMS can support organisational resilience in the use of medicines, and provide (locally/nationally-adjusted) guidance for implementation. The fellow brings to the study experience in sociotechnical studies informed by theories that emphasize contextual influences on cognition and decision making, and capture emergent systems’ properties/behaviours. The hosts and partners are leaders in patient safety, with expertise in human factors and mixed-methods. The research will create opportunities for professional development and knowledge exchanges and strengthen the network of participant organisations. It will deliver knowledge and instruments for the benefit of patients, clinicians, healthcare organisations and society overall.

Mots clés : human computer interaction, medicines, supply and use

Participants :
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 276107.4 €
- Macquarie University (Australie) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet HeRstory (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Medieval archaeology has been strongly shaped by the predominance of male-biased perspectives within academia and the modern world. Castle studies in particular is a very male-dominated discipline with out-dated approaches which reproduce exclusively male-centred interpretations, thereby resulting in an impoverished understanding of how people interacted within these spaces. This study seeks to address this problem by taking a more human centred approach which reveals long ignored nuances in social practices. This will be achieved by examining the architecture, material culture (buildings and objects) and historical record of high medieval period England, Ireland and Normandy (1066-1398). HeRstory aims, through deep contextual analysis, to highlight how the material culture of this period both constructed and reinforced gendered roles in medieval society. This will challenge current perspectives in this area of medieval archaeology which imposes typical masculine views into the medieval past such as an exclusive focus on power/status or the tendency to predominantly view this era through the lens of warfare. For the first time, these new understandings of what it was like to be a woman or man in a medieval castle will be revealed. These new perspectives can be extrapolated outwards to achieve nuanced comprehensions of this time period which are far more inclusive/cognisant of gender constructs. This research challenges existing patriarchal and unilinear understandings of the medieval world by providing an insight into how people lived in and interacted with their environments such as the access to and position of rooms within the castle as well as the personal objects that surrounded them. In particular, this research significantly enhances our understandings of gender identities in Europe during this period. By moving to Reading's Dept. of Archaeology and working with Prof. Gilchrist, the researcher will significantly enhance her skillset and career.

Mots clés : medieval archaeology, gender archaeology, interdisciplinary, identity, households, material culture, castle studies, medieval architecture, spatial analysis, ireland, europe, britain, france

Participants :
- University of Reading (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet SCRIBE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Medieval texts are a window into the monastic world and an integral part of European written history. Most of our current understanding of the processes of codex construction comes from the careful examination of the clues to manufacture on the object itself, the practice of codicology. Increasingly scholars are interested in the material qualities of the book. How and why were the decisions on the selection of materials made? Recent advances in analytical methods are broadening the reach of codicology in unexpected ways and enabling these questions to be addressed. The SCRIBE project is at the forefront of this burgeoning field of molecular codicology, having developed and implemented an exciting new minimally destructive DNA sampling technique, derived from routine parchment conservation practice. SCRIBE will further implement this method to generate two novel high throughput genomic datasets from parchment manuscripts. Firstly the materiality of the manuscripts will be described by assessing the genetic relationship between the animals used to complete the codices. Secondly SCRIBE will be the first study to combine high throughput metagenomic techniques and novel bioinformatic approaches to a large sample size of documents in multiple archives to look at the microbial fingerprints of parchments, to complement their provenance and curation.

Mots clés : parchment, codicology, genomics, microbiology

Participants :
- University of York (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet MeloCRISP (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Meeting with global food demand is one of the main priorities in the 2016-17 work programme of H2020. Virus diseases are among the main causes of crop production losses, being Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) the virus with broadest host range. On the other hand, post-harvest losses are estimated to account for 15-40% of fruit and vegetable production worldwide. In this scenario, several efforts are ongoing to identify genes underlying fruit quality and production such us those related with climacteric ripening and CMV resistance Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is one oft he most economically important group of vegetable crops after Solanaceae, and has emerged as a crop model for important biological traits due to its phenotypic variability and the the availability of genetic and genomic resources. Previous studies at the host group have identified and mapped genes involved in the regulation of climacteric fruit ripening and in a novel mechanism for CMV resistance in this species. MeloCRISP proposes to progress our current understanding on the genomic control of these important agronomic traits by functionally validating the identified candidate genes. The CRISPR/Cas9 system will be implemented for the first time in this species and used for precise gene editing. In order to delay or impair fruit ripening in climacteric varieties, a gene knockout strategy will be approached. On the other hand, a precise nucleotide substitution in the resistance to CMV region (cmv1) will be performed to generate CMV resistant plants The expected outcome is the development of non-transgenic melon CMV resistant plants and varieties with improved fruit quality. This inter-sectorial and multidisciplinary project involves the engagement of a seed industry which will guarantee the transfer of the results to the seed market, ultimately leading to a high impact in the agriculture and food industry sector. Moreover, the implementation of CRISPR/Cas9 will become a valuable tool for melon breeding programs.

Mots clés : virus resistance, climacteric fruit ripening, melon, crispr, cas9, mutant

Participants :
- CERCA Institution (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 170121.6 €
Projet MelonMixVir (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

MelonMixVir deals with mixed viral infections in melon plants. Pathogenic viruses are collectively responsible of relevant economic losses worldwide, but most plant virology studies are done with a few individual viruses, while the frequent cases of mixed infections are clearly underrepresented. In contrast, severe synergistic effects can occur in mixed infections, even between viruses causing mild or no symptoms when alone. Consequently, the lack of knowledge about multiple infections difficult the risk evaluation in numerous crops. For instance, in cucurbits only a few studies are addressing this situation, despite that recent surveys are showing the frequent occurrence of mixed infections. The main purpose of MelonMixVir is to fill this gap, providing new knowledge and scientific advice to minimize the damage caused by viruses in melon, and thus improving production and quality, and raising the economic benefits to Europe. To do so, we intend to explore the potential similitudes of melon plants co-infected by potyvirus (WMV) + crinivirus (CYSDV) with the better-known similar pathosystem that results in sweet potato virus disease (SPVD). The comparative analysis will focus on several steps, including transmission by insect vectors (aphids and whiteflies), plant defense mechanisms (based on RNA silencing), and the pathogen responses (by action of RNA silencing suppressors). Virology, entomology and molecular biology approaches will be used to better understand the different processes. This ambitious project is tailored to complement the expertise of the candidate, allowing her to progress in a career as plant pathologist. Outcomes include the design of new management strategies and recommendations for reducing damages caused by viruses. The work will be done in straight collaboration with a partner organization, the seed private company Semillas Fitó, to fulfil the purpose of providing a clear practical application to the knowledge generated.

Mots clés : melon, mixed infections, synergistic interaction, transmission, insects, vectors, virus, rna silencing, rna silencing suppressors

Participants :
- CERCA Institution (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 170121.6 €
Projet Lipopeutics (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Membrane proteins constitute a third of the human proteome and their relevance to disease has led these proteins to make up more than half of all current drug targets. However, despite this push to identify agents for membrane proteins, the number of established disease-associated targets are limited. The 'open' and solvent-accessible nature of most membrane protein orthosteric sites often results in limited specificity of potential drugs. The Trans-Membrane domains (TMD) while displaying greater variability among membrane proteins were however long considered lacking in specific interactions. But significant developments in experimental techniques are now identifying this domain to interact and be actively regulated by the diverse lipid components of the membrane. This Lipopeutics project attempts to determine if the analysis of the protein's Lipid interactions can be a pathway to the development of allosteric drugs targeted at these bilayer-exposed pockets. Unfolding in three major steps, the project first aims to identify specific lipid binding sites with the TMD through the use of long-timescale coarse-grain Molecular Dynamics simulations. Subsequently, the role of this lipid binding event in the protein's functional modulation is validated through atomistic simulations using the Markov State Modelling approach. Finally, cheminformatic screening is used to design lipid-mimicking compounds that are capable of binding within the hydrophobic pocket and stabilizing specific protein functional states.

Mots clés : membrane protein, lipid, ion channel, molecular dynamics, allosteric, drug development

Participants :
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 191852.16 €