Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet PILOW (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The PILOW project critically investigates the intimacy, sexuality, and relationships of Black older women (50+) in contemporary South Africa, a demographic often overlooked in both feminist and decolonial agendas. The primary research objectives are to explore how these women construct and experience intimacy, love, and sexuality as they age, how family dynamics, particularly relationships with adult children, influence their intimate lives, and how social institutions like religious institutions shape their sexuality, especially outside of marriage. By addressing these research gaps, the project challenges prevailing stereotypes of older women as asexual and marginalised. This transdisciplinary research is grounded in a feminist decolonial framework and actively involves older women as knowledgeable experts in the co-design of research tools. By including their voices, the project ensures that the concerns and perspectives of older women are central to the research process. In addition to older women, conversations with their adult children, spiritual leaders from religious institutions (referred to as ‘spiritual parents’), and healthcare providers from local clinics, creating a holistic understanding of how personal and institutional factors shape the intimate lives of older Black women. Through narrative interviews, focus group discussions, and ethnographic fieldwork, the project seeks to capture the complex interplay between family, faith, and sexuality in this demographic. The project’s approach addresses broader objectives of issues of social justice, gender equality, and the decolonisation of knowledge. Its focus on marginalised voices contributes to the transformation of critical sexuality studies, while its transdisciplinary nature fosters collaboration between academia, religious institutions, and healthcare providers.The findings are expected to contribute to both academic knowledge and policy discussion on the intersectionality of race, gender and sexual

Mots clés : sexuality, intimacy, older women, adult children, pleasure, gender, class, race, decolonial feminist theory, power

Participants :
- Université de Glasgow (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 301142.76 €
- Université du Cap-Occidental (Afrique du Sud) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet ANIMATE (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Representations of the animal world are an intrinsic feature of ancient Egyptian visual culture. Despite their frequent inclusion in Egyptian imagery, comprehensive analysis of the methods used by practitioners when drafting fauna is lacking, especially when compared to their human counterparts. An example of the existing divide is seen with a central principle of Egyptian art known as the canon of proportion - a work process where guiding systems were used by practitioners to organise a scene and render the correct bodily ratios of a figure. While the use of guides for human figures has been thoroughly investigated, a parallel study for animals has not yet been undertaken due to the untested belief that fauna were not regulated by the same proportional standards. The overarching aim of ANIMATE is to challenge the prevailing perspective of a deregulated approach being in place when illustrating the animal world. The project is driven by three objectives: 1) to determine the rules and ratios governing the design and construction of proportional guides for animal figures via the examination and digital reconstruction of surviving guiding systems from elite tombs of the early Middle Kingdom (c. 2030-1840 B.C.); 2) to demonstrate that the drafting of non-human forms was regulated by investigating parallels or connections between the known techniques used for human proportions and those discovered for drafting animals; and 3) to identify the impact of [external] factors such as biological considerations or scene context on proportional standards for animals and the subsequent design of guides via an incorporation of zoological and zooarchaeological data. By being the first systematic investigation into the design, construction and application of proportional guides for non-human forms, ANIMATE will shift knowledge frontiers by shedding new light on the ‘missing animal’, bringing figures generally perceived as having a secondary status in art into the spotlight.

Mots clés : egypt, animals, art, visual culture, canon of proportion, scene composition, drafting, middle kingdom, tomb imagery

Participants :
- Université de Vienne (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 199440.96 €
Projet VIPICE (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Iron was a strategic resource in ancient societies and is still of great importance today. This metal was notably mass produced during the Viking age and traded over long distances between the different Norse settlements. This project aims to investigate the provenance of Viking iron artefacts and to develop a new model of the dynamics of iron movement in the North Atlantic region during the Viking age. In Norse society, iron was used to produce everyday tools, as well as weapons and boat rivets. This metal is thus intrinsically linked to the formidable Viking expansion. The numerous remains of iron production in the Scandinavian homelands led most historians to consider that Viking iron was almost exclusively produced in Norway and Sweden. However, this hypothesis fails to explain the growing number of archaeological evidence attesting to intensive iron production in Iceland, exceeding the local needs. To investigate the fate of this Icelandic iron production in the network of Viking iron circulation, we propose a novel multi-proxy tracing approach. Combined Sr, Fe, Hf, and Nd isotopes, and trace element analyses will be performed on metallurgical remains from iron smelting sites (i.e. technological sources) and archaeological artefacts. We will determine a specific multi-isotopic and elemental signature for each region of iron production, against which the composition of the objects will be compared. Strontium isotopes are highly likely to fingerprint iron from Iceland because of its geological singularity. To complement this, Hf, Nd, Fe isotopes, and trace elements will be used to refine source distinctions. These results will be compiled to produce a multi-tracer object-source matching map and propose new iron flows patterns during the Viking age. Finally, this model will be used to address the question of a possible spatially specialised Norse iron industry and improve our understanding of the Viking diaspora that first connected Europe to North America.

Mots clés : strontium isotopes, isotopic tracing, trace element analyses, iron provenancing, north atlantic geology

Participants :
- Université d'Aarhus (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 230774.4 €
- Moesgaard Museum (Danemark) — Partner, associated partner, Autres, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet LinguaTech (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The EU’s commitment to support its multilingual character, the European Commission’s priority of creating ‘a Europe fit for the Digital Age’ and the raising EU and global demand for translation services, as evidenced, e.g., by the latest European translation industry ELIS reports (2013-2021), entails research and investment in language training on the one hand, and the provision of high-quality translation services that seize the opportunities offered by the latest technologies on the other hand. LinguaTech is the first in-depth study that produces and combines on new findings on additional language (AL) competence at the highest levels, alongside neural machine translation and Generative AI post-editing competences, and applies these to translator training. It will result in a definition and measure (descriptors) of the AL competence of translators that will be supplemented with insight into the linguistic demands of machine translation post-editing and selected Generative AI models. They will feed into the ultimate deliverable, the LinguaTech Toolbox, complete with descriptors, guidelines (how to teach AL to translators in the AI age), tools (linguistic match-up marker), and a short online training course on technology-enabled AL teaching. AL teaching, streamlined with the demands of newest technology, will give translation students a competitive advantage upon their entry on the EU language market in terms of expertise, cost, quality, technology, and adaptability to innovation, while at the same time it will provide a better skilled workforce for the quickly growing language industry and institutional language departments. Additionally, the insight generated by LinguaTech and its dissemination and exploitation will benefit experienced translators, who frequently face insecurity towards technology. The research will be supported by a secondment at RWS, who are major player on the global and European translation market, and will be available open source.

Mots clés : machine translation post editing

Participants :
- Rws translations ltd (Royaume-Uni) — Partner, associated partner, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 0.0 €
- Université de Vienne (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 199440.96 €
Projet Re-Making Sex (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Since Thomas Laqueur's controversial arguments in Making Sex: Body and Gender from the Greeks to Freud (1990), scholars of gender history have debated the shift from so-called "one-sex model," in which the bodily differences between male and female human beings were thought to exist on a continuum from a fully formed human male body to an inferior, "less male" female body, to the modern "two-sex model" at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Building on critiques of Laqueur's arguments, this project analyzes vernacular texts treating sex differences, hermaphroditism, and human reproduction circa 1600-1800 in German, French, English, and Spanish in medical and non-medical sources. Although the "one-sex model" did not dominate premodern and early modern medical discussions of sex difference as Laqueur argues, in the learned Latin traditions taught in medical faculties in universities, European vernacular literatures in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries paid special attention to specific visual and spatial analogies between male and female anatomies and debated the possibilities and implications of sex ambiguity and sex change. The project analyzes how vernacular texts described the determination of sex difference, the extent to which male and female bodies were different, and in what sense, what the stakes were of failing to determine the maleness or femaleness of a body, and the specific social, political, and religious anxieties about gender roles and norms, the family, literacy, sexuality, and religious piety were expressed and developed in the discussions of sex difference and determination.

Mots clés : history of medicine history of sex, gender, and sexuality religion and gender

Participants :
- Université de Vienne (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183600.96 €
Projet MicroGram (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The main objective of this project is to explore in a systematic, data-driven and cross-linguistic fashion the morphosyntax of a recently discovered, unique clause type: radically truncated clauses (Halm 2021 ). Such clauses are radically minimal because, exceptionally, they are spelled out (i.e. uttered) at a very early stage of the derivation (i.e., sentence-building), prior to receiving almost all of the clausal layers that a sentence is supposed to have on top of the minimal verb phrase (VP) itself. In radically truncated clauses, layers of tense, agreement, mood, modality, aspect, voice and dedicated higher functional projections such focus or negation are missing: what remains is the minimal VP: the verb itself, its internal argument (an object or an unaccusative subject) and verbal particles (if they exist and are VP-internal in a given language). This minimal VP itself can be the target of adjunction (topicalization, quantifier raising and the adjunction of adverbial adjuncts) resulting in larger structures.  Such truncated clauses have so far been neglected since they are only produced in specific, colloquial registers (live speech under intense time pressure, electronic communications), and such registers were difficult to observe and gather data on before the advent of widespread electronic text-based communication. My objective is i) to systematically collect and rigorously analyse a large amount of data on this construction from a set of typologically distinct languages and ii) to develop insightful theoretical conclusions from this large body of new empirical evidence.  The theoretical questions where the study of radically truncated clauses is likely to be illuminating include linearization (or word order, more generally), case assignment, the exact size of nominal arguments, and the tradeoff between grammaticality, communicative efficiency and morphosyntactic effability.

Mots clés : generative morphosyntax minimal verb phrase truncated clauses headedness case assignment nominal arguments clause types finiteness

Participants :
- Université de Vienne (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 230184.72 €
Projet HIMALAYA (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The recent International Panel for Climate Change (IPCC-AR6) report warns that high mountains in Asia will witness a drastic rise in temperature, precipitation and reduced snow cover by the middle of the 21st century, which will seriously threaten its rich biodiversity. The Himalaya, the highest mountain chain on Earth and one of the world’s most biodiverse regions, spans two biodiversity hotspots that are particularly sensitive to anthropogenic activities. Despite the effects of a changing environment, the evolution of present-day biodiversity patterns remain poorly explored. Previous research has mainly focused on orogenesis and monsoons as key factors governing the assembly of regional diversity, while their relative roles on species diversification are less explored or studied separately. Few eco-evolutionary studies exist for Himalaya, and most of them are based on the inferences from time-calibrated phylogenetic trees of single taxa or simplistically link node ages to contested uplift phases. This project aims to generate a new paleoelevation profile for the Himalayan mountains. For this, it will: i) Disentangle the relative roles of mountain uplift, temperature and precipitation through a macroevolutionary analysis of four selected plant lineages in conjunction with a newly developed paleoelevation reconstruction (by assessing fossil pollen assemblages and testing the chemical composition of selected taxa); ii) integrate macroevolution and uplift history with species distribution models to identify areas of high speciation; iii) assess the impact of future climate changes on these hotspots. The cross-disciplinary approach (involving paleobotany, phylogeny, macroevolution, and species distribution modeling) is unique for the Himalaya region. The project will provide novel insights into understanding the pace of the Himalayan uplift and its influences on plant diversification, and conservation strategies to preserve its unique biodiversity.

Mots clés : paleoecology, phylogenetics, macroevolution, conservation

Participants :
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Partner, associated partner, Recherche, subvention : 0.0 €
- Université d'Amsterdam (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 203464.32 €
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (Royaume-Uni) — Partner, associated partner, Recherche, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet GJL-AF-DE (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The research project focuses on one specific field of the current culture wars in Europe: what is framed as social justice by one side and cancel culture or woke by the other. The phenomenon will be studied in Germany, where these debates are particularly salient in politics and public discourse, and through two issues that occupy a central role in the controversies: 1. gender inclusive or (as termed in Germany) gender-just language and 2. academic freedom. The project’s main goal is to provide an account of the progressive side in the culture wars, and by that, to significantly contribute to better understanding a key conflict within contemporary politics and develop a democratic theory thereof. These debates have three specificities: First, they do not neatly map onto the culturally progressive/conservative cleavage: not only the conservative, but the culturally progressive side is divided too: postmodern, identity politics or intersectional Left (finding a suitable name is already part of the controversy), marxist Left, universalist or classical Liberals, various feminist strands are in fierce debates about the related issues among themselves, not with the right. Second, the two debates are emblematic of on-going culture war-struggles, hence studying them affords a better understanding of major developments in the politics of recognition, culture and language in the past decade. Third, academics play a major role in shaping public discourse and policies, not only through providing arguments for social movements and institutionalized politics, but also by intervening in the debates themselves, and with academia itself being a central site of conflict: through publicly discussing language use and invitation policies academia is carrying out a discussion of public relevance about what is socially acceptable and desirable.

Mots clés : german politics, academic freedom, sociology of science, culture wars

Participants :
- Université de Vienne (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183600.96 €
Projet RhoptryPhos (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Malaria remains a major global health issue, caused by the apicomplexan parasites of the genus Plasmodium, with Plasmodium falciparum being the most virulent and lethal species. Malaria symptoms primarily result from repetitive cycles of parasite invasion, replication and egress within human red blood cells (RBCs). Invasion by the infective merozoite forms is facilitated by the secretion of factors from apically localized secretory organelles. Among these, the largest, known as rhoptries, contain proteins essential during invasion and subsequent intracellular development. Despite their critical role, the regulatory mechanisms governing their functions remain poorly understood. For instance, phosphorylation has been observed in several of these essential rhoptry proteins. However, the implications of these modifications are unclear, as no kinase has yet been identified within the rhoptries. Therefore, I hypothesize that kinases localize to rhoptry organelles and play important roles in merozoite invasion and intraerythrocytic development. Preliminary data supports this hypothesis, by showing that FIKK5, a non-essential kinase previously thought to be exported into RBCs, localizes to the rhoptry bulbs. Based on this, I propose to identify essential rhoptry kinases in P. falciparum and investigate their regulatory impact on other rhoptry proteins, as well as in invasion and intraerythrocytic development, using state-of-the-art proteomic, genetic and cell biological approaches. To achieve this, I will: 1) define the rhoptry kinome in P. falciparum; 2) characterize the functions of rhoptry kinases during parasite development; and 3) assess the impact rhoptry kinase disruption on the protein environment within rhoptries. Ultimately, through this proposal I will generate the first comprehensive proteome of the rhoptries in P. falciparum, while identifying the first kinases involved in regulating key rhoptry factors critical for maintaining infection of RBCs.

Mots clés : plasmodium falciparum, rhoptries, kinases, phosphorylation, mass spectrometry, host pathogen interactions

Participants :
- Gulbenkian Institute for Molecular Medicine (Portugal) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 191343.12 €
Projet ViROSCa (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

As sessile organisms, plants always have to deal with different environmental stimuli. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium flux as second messengers are one of the common strategies to respond to such stimuli. Upon perception of pathogens, molecular warning signals (ROS and calcium) propagate cell-to-cell to trigger defence mechanisms. However, the precise roles of ROS and calcium during viral infection process and the associated signalling mechanism remain largely unknown. Viruses are obligate intracellular pathogens that hijack host machineries to facilitate their replication and propagation across the plant through plasmodesmata, communication channels bridging the plant cells. The ViROSCa project’s goal is to explore the mutual role of generated ROS and calcium signals and to study the crosstalk between the two signals during viral infection and later identify the virus element(s) that specifically induce(s) such signals. I will integrate Arabidopsis genetics, biosensors, genome editing technology (CRISPR/Cas9) and advanced microscopy techniques to decipher the roles of plasma membrane (PM)-located ROS- and calcium related candidate proteins and PM organisation (nanodomains) during the plant virus infection process. The novelty of the project is the use of a powerful pathosystem and biosensors to study the crosstalk between ROS and calcium signalling.

Mots clés : reactive oxygen species, calcium, plant viruses, nanodomains and biosensors

Participants :
- John Innes Centre (Royaume-Uni) — Partner, associated partner, Recherche, subvention : 0.0 €
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 211754.88 €