Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet Glycan-PMN (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Multivalent lectin-glycan interactions is central to pathogen infection and immune response regulation. Dendritic cell (DC) surface tetrameric lectin, DC-SIGN, is particularly important in discriminating self- and foreign (pathogen) glycan patterns and regulates DC immune response. The underlying structural and immune regulation mechanisms remain poorly understood. As various lectins have overlapping glycan specificity, this greatly limits our ability to design glycoconjugates that can specifically target DC-SIGN to block infection or exploit its powerful immune regulation to develop effective immunotherapies. Here we will address this challenge by developing polyvalent glycan-gold nanoparticles (GNPs) & multiple GNP assemblies to enhance binding affinity and specificity by exploiting multivalency. By tuning GNP surface glycan structure, valency, inter-glycan spacing, size and shape and study their binding with DC-SIGN/R, we will reveal the optimal glycan structure for DC-SIGN binding. By exploiting GNP’s fluorescence quenching, we will develop a new lectin-glycan affinity quantifying method. We will use glycan-GNPs to block pseudo-Ebola virus infection of DC-SIGN expressing cells and correlate the affinity and inhibition potency. We will study how glycan-GNP binding controls DC surface DC-SIGN clustering, binding to intracellular proteins & regulating cytokine production to reveal the . This research is extremely timely & important because it will, 1) establish a design rule for potent, highly specific DC-SIGN targeting; 2) develop a new lectin-glycan affinity quantification method; 3) reveal correlation between DC-SIGN/R binding affinity & viral inhibition potency; 4) elucidate how DC-SIGN-glycan binding signal is transduced to regulate DC immune function, paving way to develop effective immunotherapies against deadly immune-dysregulation diseases (e.g. cancer, allergy, & auto-immune diseases) by exploiting DC-SIGN’s powerful immune regulation function.

Mots clés : glycan nanoparticle, multivalent protein sugar interaction, binding affinity, viral inhibition, immune regulation, dc sign, dendritic cell, cellular assay, biophysics, structural mechanism, cancer

Participants :
- University of Leeds (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 224933.76 €
Projet Colophons-Scholars (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

My Colophons and Scholars project will undertake an infrastructural intervention into the history and sociology of science urgently required for the one of the longest-living traditions of learning. It will open a major new data set and exploit it for evidence on the production, consumption, and transmission of knowledge in Babylonia. Why are colophons important? The entire lives of scribes, keepers of knowledge, can be traced through the colophons appended at the bottom of their works. As paratexts they offer a hitherto untapped opportunity of understanding the social context of the transmission of knowledge. I will change the state-of-the-art by offering a systematic study of all Neo-Babylonian colophons. Creating an online relational and GIS database and analyzing the colophon data will improve our understanding of Mesopotamian knowledge and give a new impulse for further study. My method combines the approaches of social networks analysis (SNA) with those of the sociology of science, anthropology, archaeology, economic history, and philology. The project will be supervised at Leiden University by Prof. Waerzeggers, the first Assyriologist to adopt SNA for studying Babylonian cuneiform records. It will collaborate closely with her ERC project Persia and Babylonia. Access to the specialist library and cuneiform tablets of the Netherlands Institute of the Near East in Leiden, and working within the multidisciplinary structure of the Leiden Institute of Area Studies offers an ideal environment for conducting my research and disseminating my results. This will be achieved by providing an open access database, publishing a monograph, and organizing international seminars. I expect to acquire proficiency in consulting Neo-Babylonian archives and refine my theoretical training in SNA. Under the supervision of Waerzeggers at LIAS I intend to resume my academic career, which has been interrupted for family reasons, and attain the academic position, to which I aspire.

Mots clés : colophons, transfer of knowledge, social network analysis, sociology of science, prosopography, gis mapping, geography of knowledge, history of economy, chronology, science and power, kinship

Participants :
- Leiden University (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 177598.8 €
Projet Toxoplasma sensing (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

My goal is to understand how cell-autonomous immunity (CAI) can detect intracellular parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii in their membrane-bounded intracellular niches, how recognition induces necrosis of the host cell, and how host death signalling pathways contribute to inflammatory disorders. Although adaptive immunity ultimately contributes to host survival, the initial response is controlled by innate mechanisms. Mice rely primarily on IFNγ-induced CAI effectors virtually absent in humans, the immunity-related GTPases (IRGs). Parasitophorous vacuole (PV) membrane attack by IRGs results in parasite eviction and elimination, swiftly followed by regulated necrosis of the host cell. Preciously little is known about how parasite sensing drives cell death, particularly in (mouse and human) non-haematopoietic cells (NHCs) lacking the full antimicrobial arsenal of immune cells. Yet necrosis is key to limiting infection and driving parasite chronicity, while potentially eliciting immunopathology. I have 2 objectives: 1) the identification of the intracellular sensor(s) of T. gondii ligands and/or vacuole damage and 2) the dissection of the signalling pathway(s) leading to parasite/cell demise. Using a combination of genetic screens and cell biology tools, I will pinpoint PRR/necrosis genes involved. Elucidating these signalling pathways will help direct therapeutic interventions relevant for toxoplasmosis and inflammatory diseases. This proposal and accompanying career development plan, to be supervised by Prof. Jonathan C. Howard and hosted by the IGC, will be fostered by a dynamic research environment and crucial collaborations that will enable me to receive the necessary training and transferrable skills to establish my own lab. In turn, my extensive training in host-pathogen interactions will greatly benefit this project and the IGC, potentiating integration of knowledge/expertise.

Mots clés : toxoplasma gondii, cell autonomous immunity, interferon gamma, vacuolar pathogen, vacuole rupture, pattern recognition receptor, programmed necrosis, regulated necrosis, inflammation, immunopathology

Participants :
- Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation (Portugal) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 160635.6 €
Projet KW Rebel Integration (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

My post-doctoral research proposal, entitled The International Rebel Integration Toolkit Revisited: What Approaches Work for the Successful and Sustainable Incorporation of Former Rebel Groups after Civil War?, aims to compare the contents and combinations of three different – though not mutually exclusive – approaches to the integration of rebel groups in societies emerging from conflict: civilian (through Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration), military (as reflected in the incorporation of former combatants into the national army through the broader objective of Security Sector Reform) as well as political integration (as illustrated in the inclusion of rebel groups in interim governments, political power-sharing agreements or rebel-to-party transformations). Civilian, military and political integration provisions have become an integral part of what has commonly become referred to as the liberal peacebuilding paradigm, an approach rooted in the conviction that the promotion of specific peace accord measures coupled with democratization provides the most effective way to pacify conflict-torn societies. And while many UN peacekeeping missions are mandated to assist countries emerging from conflict in the implementation of these provisions, which provide strategic incentives to former armed groups against returning to armed struggle, the overall evidence is mixed when it comes to evaluating their success. What shapes the content and combination of civilian, military and political integration provisions in peace accords? What combinations have resulted in lasting peace and why? How do local and international actors view these various measures? How do they attempt to strategically use them to seek leverage? What are the consequences of these strategies for sustainable peace? The project will adopt a mixed-method approach combining quantitative and qualitative research methods to address these questions.

Mots clés : civil wars, political violence, rebel groups, political parties, peacebuilding, political transitions, democracy

Participants :
- University of Cambridge (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet OriGen (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

My project aims to investigates to what extent Origen of Alexandria used the feminine as an intellectual category, that is, as a rhetorical and literary code for expressing theological doctrines. The majority of studies on women and gender have only marginally discussed the works of such a renown third century theologian, since Origen does not fit the dichotomous paradigm of research in this field, traditionally divided between “gender studies” and “women’s studies”. Rather, he employed the feminine as a philosophical and theological category to express his trinitarian, anthropological and ecclesiological doctrines. My project will be conducted in three following steps, each one focused on a specific objective. First, I will identify and list all the occurrences in which the feminine is employed as an intellectual category in Origen’s literary production. Secondly, I will contextualise these passages within Origen’s overall theology. Thirdly, I will identify antecedent traditions which held similar beliefs about the feminine and from which Origen could have drawn. I am well suited for this task, as I am trained in historical theological methods of investigation and have already conducted research on feminine imagery in early Christianity. Moreover, my project is innovative in the field as there are only a handful of studies which considers the feminine as an intellectual category, and none of them concerns Origen of Alexandria. Aarhus University is the perfect match to my project, as my proposed supervisor (Prof. Anders-Christian Jacobsen) is an expert on Origen of Alexandria and the other members of staff are experts in Origen’s reception history and trained in literary analysis of early Christian texts.

Mots clés : origen of alexandria, early christian studies, patristics, historical theology

Participants :
- Aarhus University (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 219312.0 €
Projet INTRARIB (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

My project examines British and American women’s fiction of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries for its depictions of internal anatomy: organs and systems, circulatory, nervous, reproductive, and digestive. This study will make a distinctive contribution to the field of medical humanities: the development of an analytical process of body-centred reading, and new analysis of how women’s writing communicates bodily experiences and depicts the ‘intracorporeal’, narrative journeys through concealed and invisible organs. The project questions: how do visualisations of the body's insides and internal workings change through time? Does literature reflect medical developments and discoveries, for example echoing the shift from the nervous to the hormonal body? How are metaphors employed to aid us in visualising these systems and parts: the nervous system as a network of vibrating strings, hormones as postal packages or chemical messages, the sperm and egg as static and kinetic, the biological clock? My work surveys the persistent desire to find a physiological rationale, to map pain internally, even when that pain has an emotional or psychological source. I also explore how changing conceptualisations of the body interact with gendered notions of pathology and disorder. Comparing fictional texts to medical writing and advertising of the same era, I will track the development of and interaction between the medical understanding of the internal body, communication in the public realm, and exploration in literature.

Mots clés : medical humanities, literature and medicine, bodies

Participants :
- Ghent University (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 166320.0 €
Projet TRANSURBICIDE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

My project investigates manifold narratives of post-war urban transformation of cities in all the complexity of political, economic and cultural transition of post-socialist societies, taking for a test-bed the revealing case of Belgrade after the 1999 War between NATO and FR of Yugoslavia. Research on modalities and complex socio-political context in which transformation of post-war cities occur demand collection and processing of interdisciplinary sources and documents (secondary objective of my project), followed by the construction of histoire croisée of multiple actors (the primary objective) involved in reconstruction processes. Work programme is specifically tailored to achieve these goals. I will join the team of researchers at TU Delft engaged in the emerging field of documenting urban conflicts and exploring post-war urban environments. There I will use TU Delft’s web platform for spatial data collection to develop new sections of the digital archive that will contain diverse material on post-war reconstruction of Belgrade. Then I will undertake extensive training at ETH’s Institute of Digital Architectural History (secondment phase) that will help me improve on the cutting-edge tools for automatized data analysis and processing of digital architectural archives. I will then apply this knowledge to analyze collected material and develop new research protocols for architectural historiography of post-conflict cities. During the return phase at TU Delft I will transfer acquired knowledge to students and peers, refine conclusions on “transition” urbicide in Belgrade and disseminate research results. Finally, the project will offer new set of guidelines for impending urban reconstructions in active conflict zones that will shape the research of war and post-war transformation of cities in the coming years.

Mots clés : city, architecture, destruction, urbicide, post war reconstruction, post socialist yugoslavia, 1999 nato bombing, belgrade

Participants :
- Delft University of Technology (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 165598.8 €
Projet trans-argentina (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

My project seeks to analyse the making of transsexual bodies in Argentina during the twentieth century. It has three keygoals: (i) to investigate the history of a repertoire of medical and social practices that includes the use of self-injected hormones, cosmetic and sex change surgeries, prosthetics, as well as international travel to attain medical treatment, document falsification, among others; (ii) to examine the transformations of the notion of “sex,” and the development of the multiple meanings that doctors, patients, journalists, and judges assigned to it; and (iii) to establish a connection between transsexual embodiment practices and gender-normative technologies performed in the first half of the twentieth century for cissexual men and women. Unlike other countries where sex change surgery access was restricted (the United States) or existed in a legal vacuum (Chile and Mexico), Argentina prohibited surgeries that affected reproductive organs and punished public display of attributes of the “other sex.” As a consequence, the daily lives of transvestites, transsexuals and female homosexuals became public transgressions and “sex change” procedures became clandestine, expensive and dangerous. By analyzing documents such as trial records and using oral history techniques, I will write the first book of the trans* body making in Argentina.


Participants :
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet THESUNKIN (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

My project titled 'Thessaly under the Kings: Religion, Society and the Politics of Multiculturalism in Mainland Greece’ examines the reorganization of sacred space, the cult practices and the religious beliefs attested in Thessaly from the mid-fourth century to the second century BC. The evidence will be discussed in terms of continuity and change, from the gradual modification of the Thessalian geopolitical and urban landscapes, which was exercised by the Macedonian rulers, to the annexation of the region into the Hellenistic Kingdom of Macedonia, down, finally, to the decline of the Macedonian power and the emergence of Roman control in the region.

Mots clés : ancient thessaly, hellenistic kingship, macedonian kingdom, sacred space, rituals, religious beliefs, society, multiculturalism, archaeology, epigraphy, greek literature, numismatics

Participants :
- University of Oxford (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet XmonMASER (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

My proposal is devoted to study the heat transport in dissipative open quantum systems. My main scientific and technological goals are: (i) to study the effect of anharmonicity in the heat transport in a dissipative open quantum system; and (ii) to realize a Josephson maser, to demonstrate coherent emission of microwave photons driven by a superconducting transmon qubit. To study heat transport in the quantum limit I propose a device with a qubit coupled to two resonators, each terminated by mesoscopic normal-metal reservoirs acting as source and drain thermal baths. When a thermal bias is applied across the system, the heat is transmitted between the two mesoscopic reservoirs via the qubit, and dissipated in the drain reservoir. With a sufficiently electron temperature in the heated reservoir, the population inversion prerequisite will be satisfied, and the proposed system will work as a maser, allowing for efficient on-chip generation of coherent microwave photons at low temperatures. The proposed system provides a platform to study the heat transport in dissipative open quantum systems, and both spontaneous and stimulated microwave emission. Therefore, I will contribute a pioneering technology to the field of quantum technology, and environment engineering for quantum technologies, in addition to developing a promising tool for quantum thermodynamics. The fundamental knowledge of quantum physics targeted in my proposal will be immediately applicable in several applied fields; the microelectronics industry, quantum computers, and communication sectors, and it will have a great impact on society both in Europe and globally. This fellowship will advance my career plans, enabling me to become an expert in circuit quantum thermodynamics, and receive leadership and management-oriented training. In return, I will transfer my theoretical and experimental knowledge in quantum photonics and optics obtained during my PhD to PICO group.

Mots clés : quantum thermodynamics, dissipative open quantum system, superconducting quantum bit, quantum heat engine, quantum refrigerator, microwave photons generation, nano fabrication, circuit qtd

Participants :
- Aalto University (Finlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 190680.96 €
Projet Expectancy learning (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

My research examines how humans form new expectancies, or states of anticipation for future events, and how expectancy formation changes over the lifespan. Humans constantly anticipate upcoming events in order to understand those events, prepare actions, and adapt to changes. Although the neural and behavioral signatures of expectancies have been well-characterized, we do not know how they arise and how they change over the lifespan. I aim to reveal the following: 1) How new expectancies are formed during the course of learning novel information. 2) How expectancy formation differs between younger and older adults. 3) How the combination of regularities in event structure and sensorimotor integration, a phenomenon that has not been investigated, potentiates expectancy formation. 4) The role of interacting subcortical-cortical neural networks in expectancy formation. I will monitor the dynamic changes in electrophysiological brain responses, as well as overt anticipatory behaviour, over the course of learning in order to capture the changes of anticipatory responses online, and I will apply Bayesian neural network modelling to infer the neural and cognitive state changes underlying these response changes. I will also measure changes in subcortical-cortical networks that result from learning, including structural integrity, functional connectivity, and the ability to decode the learned information. This multi-methods approach will utilize my expertise in behavioural and MRI methods combined with my research group's expertise in EEG and computational modelling, as well as the state-of-the-art EEG, MRI, and laboratory facilities, on-site expertise, and support staff available at Maastricht University. This research is urgently needed so that we can finally understand the origin of expectancies, their consequences on the aging brain, and how we can enhance their formation to improve lifelong learning.

Mots clés : expectancy formation, aging, learning, bayesian neural network modelling

Participants :
- Maastricht University (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 165598.8 €