Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet TETRASTYLON (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

In the recent decades, some studies have found a particular typology of Roman house in different parts of the Empire. This typological feature is the result of a hybrid house scheme be-tween the Greek and Roman conceptions of the house. The new typology has been observed in different Roman cities with a Greek past, but in different geographical contexts and chronologies. This type of home, with its variants, has not been enough analysed by the Roman domestic architecture studies. There are still many Roman cities with a Greek past which private architecture has not been thoroughly studied. The study of a domestic unit enable us to approach issues vital to understand the private sphere of ancient societies, such as the relationship between the individual and the society, the family and the state, production and consumption or macroeconomics and microeconomics. It is therefore necessary to establish and document accuracy the various households that existed in antiquity to better understand the first stage of any cultural society. In this case a house that has a cultural exchange for the formation of its scheme and its role in the society in which it has been developed. The Tetrastylon Project is designed to create the scientific basis for the identification and definition of the new type of Roman domus: "The tetrastyle courtyard house". Conducting Tetrastylon will significantly contribute to analyse 1) the European cultural heritage and identity, 2) the diversity of the European culture and 3) the interaction and translation of traditions of its different countries and regions. All of them are research goals recommended by the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme.

Mots clés : archaeology, roman urbanism, domestic architecture, globalization, intercultural relations

Participants :
- Sapienza University of Rome (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 180277.2 €
Projet SpinSolar (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

In the search for renewable energy sources, solar energy shows great promise through its conversion to electricity and storable fuels using artificial photosynthesis. A detailed understanding of the energy conversion processes on the nanoscale is needed for the rational design and improvement of solar technology. This project is aimed at the development of a methodology for in-depth characterisation of spin-dependent processes in solar energy devices. The method will be based on a novel combination of pulse Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) and Electrically Detected Magnetic Resonance (EDMR) spectroscopy with arbitrarily shaped pulses. ESR by itself has already proven to be instrumental for advancing the understanding of natural photosynthesis and the increased sensitivity of EDMR allows the extension of this technique to assembled devices. The combination of both techniques and development of new pulse schemes based on arbitrarily shaped pulses will lead to significant advancements, enabling the simultaneous study of charge separation, charge transport and catalysis and their interdependence in fully assembled solar-to-fuel devices. The research will utilise cutting-edge instrumentation for simultaneous detection of magnetisation and photocurrent at FU Berlin. To fully exploit the advantages of this methodology, a theoretical description for the new experiments will be implemented in the widely used ESR simulation software EasySpin, providing a unified framework for the description of ESR and EDMR. The work on this project will serve to diversify the researcher’s competences and provide her with a broad skill set combining experimental and theoretical expertise, paving the way for an independent research career. The methodology developed for the characterisation of solar energy devices will provide new insights into artificial photosynthesis that will guide progress in solar technology with important implications for its commercialisation and industrial application.

Mots clés : electron spin resonance, electrically detected magnetic resonance, artificial photosynthesis, thin film, solar cell, catalytic materials, arbitrary waveform generation, simulation, spin dynamics

Participants :
- Freie Universität Berlin (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 159460.8 €
Projet InProSMod (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

In the sensory cortex of awake mice, spontaneous activity has been shown to exhibit various regimes, characterized by various levels of spiking activity. Such diverse activity regimes, termed network states, have a profound impact on the computational properties during sensory processing. In the mouse barrel cortex, a major top-down pathway modulating sensory input is represented by the integration of inputs from the motor cortex and associative thalamus onto layer 1 (L1). Here I will characterize the synaptic and circuit properties underlying top-down control of sensory network states during whisking in L1. Using a combination of synaptic biophysics, in vivo electrophysiology, 2-photon imaging and theoretical modeling, I will define the important role of L1 interneurons in decoding top-down processing of sensory information. This research will generate valuable information to advance our knowledge of cortical circuit dynamics during normal cortical operations, with crucial implications for several brain disorders.

Mots clés : neocortical circuitry, top down control, inhibitory interneurons, nmda receptor, modeling of recurrent dynamics, active sensation

Participants :
- Institut du cerveau (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 196707.84 €
Projet LIAE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

In the wake of the Charlie Hebdo attacks in 2015, humour has been regarded as serious, incendiary, and potentially fatal business. A curious phenomenon has simultaneously occurred in contemporary art, as artists located around the world have turned to humorous aesthetic strategies in order to document and re-assess global politics, experiences of crisis and collective trauma. In spite of this turn, and although the politics of humour has attracted recent attention, leading scholars across the social sciences and humanities continually lament the lack of scholarly analysis on the subject. In this context, the main objectives of LIAE are 1) to develop a conceptual framework and gather empirical information to account for the impetus behind the emergence of humour in art from contemporary sites of ‘crisis’; 2) to develop a novel framework of how humour advances the social function of art by operating as a vital agent of cultural resilience in three keys ways: re-enforcing connection to place, coalescing collective identity, and by subverting oppressive authority structures; 3) to develop a conceptual framework that accounts for how ‘high art’ settings radically differs to that of ‘viral’ or ‘demotic’ forms (cartoons, memes and street art). To achieve this, LIAE is informed by a comparative study of 3 key case studies, each legislatively recognized as sites of crisis, and each emblematic of particular forms of contemporary ‘emergency’: economic/refugee crisis (Greece), indigenous sovereignty/endemic disadvantage (Australia) and military conflict/occupation (Palestine). Employing an adaptive form of visual culture research (discourse analysis, fieldwork, in-situ visual analysis, archival and primary research) refined through a training program and expert supervision at UNIMAN, LIAE produces innovative research on the social function of humour, unpacking the capacity for art to act as tool of cultural resilience for disadvantaged, marginalised and vulnerable groups.

Mots clés : trauma studies, visual culture, humorology, greece, palestine, australia, crisis

Participants :
- University of Manchester (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet PRISME (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

In the world of high voltages, isolation is needed to protect people and hardware. To enable the revolution in sustainable transport high voltage isolation for electric vehicles is critical. One form of isolation relies on polymer materials to separate the high and low voltage sides. The objective of PRISME is to enable safer devices operating at high voltage (HV) by providing isolation up to 2000V. A fundamental understanding of polymers and their electrical breakdown mechanisms is vital for the development of the next generation polymer materials for improved HV reliability performance. The innovative technologies to be developed by this project include improved insulating polymer stacks, new materials based on nanocomposites and a new test methodology. The long-term safe operation of the isolators is essential to meet international safety standards. However, testing the reliability of isolators requires novel methods for accelerated testing to predict reliability of isolation performance. The accelerated aging test will fast-track the learning cycles for the evaluation of isolation materials. A deeper physical understanding of the failure mechanisms will enable the development of next generation isolation materials to achieve the high working voltages. PRISME will allow the fellow to enhance cutting-edge research acumen and strengthening of international visibility ensuring that the fellowship will promptly result in a high level continuing two-way transfer of knowledge.

Mots clés : high voltage isolation insulator polyimide reliability testing electric vehicles

Participants :
- Analog Devices (Ireland) (Irlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 196590.72 €
Projet Nano Traction (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

In this Marie Skłodowska-Curie Fellowship project entitled “Nano Traction” I will design a platform for the directed autonomous movement of nano- and microparticles. This will be achieved using a completely novel form of traction based on the dynamic covalent attachment of the particles to a surface. Asymmetrically applied redox potentials will induce motion allowing the electrical control of nano- and microparticle motion and the creation of particles that autonomously move and seek out cells that are producing reactive oxygen species a key indicator of disease. This Fellowship will be undertaken under the supervision of Prof. Molly Stevens in the Division of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine at the Karolinska Institute (KI), which has the world-leading expertise in functional nanomaterial synthesis, biomaterials engineering, cell biology and tissue engineering crucial to the objectives of this proposal. This ground-breaking new method of particle control at micro and nanometre length scales will have application in many areas including; precision actuation for nanorobotics and microfluidics and; the creation of cell seeking particles for biosensing and the targeted delivery of nanoparticle agents. It will not only initiate new research areas at the cutting edge of nano- and biomaterials science, but will help me to establish my own independent research career following the proposed Fellowship.


Participants :
- Karolinska Institutet (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 173857.2 €
Projet BITFORM (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

In this project I will develop an integrated multi-module platform in which a breast cancer ecosystem-on-a-chip (BCE-on-a-chip) bioreactor module, connected to an optical biosensing module based on multiplexed Resonant Nanopillars (R-NPs) transducers, will be developed for biomarkers and anti-breast cancer drug real-time monitoring. Currently attrition rates in clinical trials for new anti-cancer drugs and personalized treatments are higher than all other therapeutic areas. Mainly due to the great reliability on conventional 2D and 3D scaffolds in-vitro culture methodologies in preclinical studies. Those cell-based models are limited by their inability to conserve the patient tumor features and do not accurately show drug response, observed later in clinical trials. Due to the increasing number of cancer diagnoses, an engineered system that allows an accurate prediction of patient tumor response to anti-cancer drug, is urgently needed. In Bitform Project I will develop a BCE-on-a-chip bioreactor that intends to conserve the cancer tissue characteristics with high reliability. Breast cancer cell secreted biomarkers will be monitored in real-time with a multiplexed biosensing module based on R-NPs. In order to assess the capability of Bitform platform, an anti-cancer drug demonstrator (Paclitaxel) will be tested. By delivering Paclitaxel to the BCE-on-a-chip, monitoring of different cell secreted target biomarkers will permit to evaluate the effect of this drug, and thus to demonstrate the performance of the platform. The Bitform platform will be suitable for different organ-on-chip culture models and biomolecules monitoring secreted by the cells. This will lead to a new methodology for testing anti-cancer therapies on-a-chip. This is a relevant milestone to study the further potential of the Bitform Platform in personalized medicine, which can have a transformative impact not only on the outcome but also on the costs of treatments by avoiding expensive failures.

Mots clés : optical biosensing, biomarkers, organ on chip, multiplexing, microfluidics, label free, nano transducers

Participants :
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 245732.16 €
- Terasaki institute for biomedical innovation (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Autres, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of California System (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 0.0 €
Projet 2D-MES (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : SIGNED

In this project, Dr. Reza Rezapour will address, by a combination of quantum mechanical and classical simulations combined with electronic transport techniques, the sensing capabilities of graphene-based biosensors to identify DNA and RNA mutations in PNA-functionalized graphene nanoribbons. In the search for fast, inexpensive and accurate tools for DNA sequencing and mutation recognition, computational techniques are being fruitfully used to address detection at the molecular level. We will extended the 2D-MES method previously developed by Dr. Rezapour to the identification, not only of single normal and mutated nucleobases on graphene, but of base mutations in DNA or RNA fragments attached to a graphene nanoribbon (GNR) in an aqueous environment. To this aim, after the quantum mechanical (QM) calculation of the transport characteristics of a nucleobases-GNR system in vacuum, we will study: (1) large DNA/RNA fragments in a solvent by molecular mechanics (MM) classical methods (to study mutation stability in a given sequence) and (2) the most stable mutations on a GNR by novel hybrid QM/MM simulations combining the accuracy of QM with the speed of MM. Besides providing new insight on fundamental aspects of physical processes at the interface between solids, liquids and biomolecules, the project will train Dr. Rezapour in advanced new techniques, complementary to his current expertise; and it will provide the community with a new and efficient QM/MM-electronic transport tool by the implementation of transport routines into the existent QM/MM package. The obtained QM/MM transport molecular fingerprints of the mutated DNA/RNA on the GNR will serve as a proof-of-concept for the design of a graphene-based bionsensor fast, inexpensive, and with high spatial resolution.

Mots clés : molecular mechanics, negf, sensor, electronic transport

Participants :
- University of Granada (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 172932.48 €
Projet SNNO (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

In this project, I investigate the emergence, projection, and contestation of what I call the 'strategic narrative' of nuclear order in Europe. This narrative emerged in the 1960s as the ideological foundation of the nuclear non-proliferation regime, displacing alternative visions of nuclear politics such as comprehensive disarmament and a supranational European nuclear community. Navigating between the alleged extremes of immediate abolition and unrestrained proliferation, policy elites in Europe and North America converged on the goal of freezing nuclear politics in its current form. For the narrators of nuclear order – influential policymakers and defence intellectuals – the primary task of any diplomatic process should be to avert disruptive changes and secure stability through managerial control. To that end, the narrators of nuclear order promoted the ideas that nuclear weapons are indispensable for the maintenance of peace, that extended nuclear deterrence provides a bulwark against proliferation, and that nuclear risks are controllable. This narrative has since been solidified through official government communication and incorporation into high-school textbooks, policy discourse, print and broadcast media, and other cultural products. The strategic narrative of nuclear order has been most powerfully projected by members and supporters of NATO. The continuation of the policies of extended nuclear deterrence, ‘nuclear sharing’, and step-by-step arms control has come to be defined as irreplaceable elements of the alliance’s material and ontological security. Since the end of the Cold War, however, the narrative of nuclear order has collided with attempts at developing an image of Europe as a human-security oriented normative power. Moreover, the prevailing narrative is currently under pressure both by norm entrepreneurs and technological developments that challenge the sustainability of deterrence.

Mots clés : nuclear arms control and disarmament, security studies, ideology, strategic narratives

Participants :
- Fondation nationale des sciences politiques (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 184707.84 €
Projet OrganometRuPDT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

In this project, I plan to use cyclometalated Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes as novel photosensitizers (PSs) in photodynamic therapy (PDT) to fight cancer. Such compounds are easier to synthesise than the well-known porphyrins and have a higher lipophilicity (to better cross the cell membrane) and a bathochromic shift of the absorption (to irradiate at low energies) than the usual Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes. Furthermore, I plan to couple maleimide moieties to these complexes to directly bind cysteine-containing biomolecules (i.e. HSA) and therefore, overcome the selectivity issues observed for the typical PSs. The use of bisbenzimidazoles as ancillary ligands will allow to tune the properties of the complexes in view of having the most red-shifted absorption. Computational chemistry will be first used to design the complexes, and after the synthesis and complete characterization, biological experiments will be performed to evaluate their potential as PSs. A secondment under the supervision of Prof. Clotilde Policar will allow localizing the compounds prepared by the use of a synchrotron-based imaging technique (X-ray fluorescence) as well as single cell ICP-MS, which will help to detect the metal inside the cell and figure out the biodistribution of the complexes. The multidisciplinary scope of this work along with their innovative aspects to selectively cause death of cancerous cells, make it a ground-breaking proposal. In addition, working in one of the best universities of the world, under the supervision of Dr. Gilles Gasser and Prof. Clotilde Policar will promote my scientific career.

Mots clés : photodynamic therapy  pdt, medicinal inorganic chemistry, bioorganometallic chemistry, ruthenium, cancer

Participants :
- École nationale supérieure de chimie de Paris (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 107746.24 €
Projet SupaSteD (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

In this project, I propose to characterize the influence of SteD, an effector of a globally important bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica, on T cell development, and its potential therapeutic application. In the mouse model of S. enterica infection, the onset of the specific immune responses is delayed significantly in comparison to other bacterial pathogens. Recent work by the group of Prof. Holden, who is the supervisor of this project, a world leader in the field of Salmonella pathogenesis and the Director of the MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection (MRC-CMBI) at Imperial College London, identified SteD, an effector of the Type III Secretion System (T3SS) encoded by Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI-2), as the first example of a virulence factor that reduces surface-localised mature Major Histocompatibility Complex class II (MHCII) levels in Dendritic Cells. In addition, I have found an increased activation of T cells following infection of C57BL/6 mice with S. enterica serovar Typhimurium (STm) ΔsteD mutant in comparison to wild-type STm, thereby showing that SteD is an important modulator of adaptive immunity in vivo. SteD and/or its gene have a high chance of having therapeutic application. I also have obtained preliminary evidence indicating that SteD has additional functions in the manipulation of antigen-presenting cells. Therefore, I propose to use both the acute and chronic mouse models of Salmonella infection to further characterize the influence of SteD on T cell development. Furthermore, I will investigate the mechanistic and physiological significance of natural variation in the amino acid sequence of SteD among a broad range of S. enterica serovars, including the typhoid fever-causing human-adapted serovars Typhi and Paratyphi. Finally, I will explore the possible use of SteD in new formulations of DNA vaccines. These studies will provide important knowledge for the clinical application of this newly described T3SS effector.

Mots clés : salmonella

Participants :
- Imperial College London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €