Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet SILKRAA (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

My research project aims at reconstructing the dynamics of the migration of silk weavers between Italy and France during the early modern age. To do so, an interdisciplinary approach will be put in place that brings together socioeconomic history, migration, labor and gender studies, history of techniques and material culture. Combining macro-historical, micro-historical and biographical reconstruction it will be possible to participate in the renewal of studies of migratory phenomena in the Early Modern period. By using digital humanities, a database will be created. It will collect both demographic data, biographical information and visual and material evidence from Italian and French museums to answer questions such as: What is the balance between attraction/repulsion policies and integration/emargination dynamics? Who is the migrant artisan and why does he migrate? What contribution does migration bring to the country of arrival and the country of departure? The investigation of this subject will demonstrate that professional migrations played a key role in the success of the European silk industries in the old regime. Training in Italian and international historical research methods, and a close dialogue with historians and experts will be crucial for the realization of the project. The results achieved will play a crucial role both in terms of academic results and societal impact. Through the publication of articles in scientific journals, participation in conferences and the organisation of lectures and seminars, the results of the project will be widely disseminated. In addition, extensive communication activities are planned (social networking, meetings with the general public and participation in events organised by the European Union). This project will represent an important starting point for my introduction into the academic field, allowing me to expand my skills and my network of knowledge through both European and non-European collaborations.

Mots clés : italy france silk weaving early modern history craft guilds digital humanities know how social variables textile history material culture

Participants :
- Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (France) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Université Yale (Etats-Unis) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Associazione per il museo della seta di como (Italie) — Partner, associated partner, Autres, subvention : 0.0 €
- Université de Padoue (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 308286.72 €
Projet RestorAGING (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Aging is characterised by a progressive decline in muscle mass and force, potentially resulting in the insurgence of sarcopenia. Sarcopenic patients are at an increased risk of falls and fractures, with a concordant decrease in mobility and personal independence. Evidence suggests that key determinants of sarcopenia insurgence are muscle denervation, failure of its reinnervation and degeneration of neuromuscular junctions (NMJ), representing the connection between the nerve and the muscle and essential for muscle function. This MSCA project will inform our understanding on the interplay between prostaglandin signalling and the NMJ in the onset and treatment of sarcopenia. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) stimulates tissue regeneration. Its levels are reduced in aged human and mice skeletal muscles due to increased activity of its degrading enzyme 15- prostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH). Inhibition of 15-PGDH in aged rodents restores PGE2 concentrations to youthful levels, increasing muscle mass, strength and endurance. However, the mechanisms underlying how 15-PGDH/PGE2 modulation exerts these effects are not well understood. Here, I will show how PGE2 impacts NMJ integrity in mice, establishing if restoration of its signalling restores NMJs innervation progressively lost in aging. My final aim is to determine whether boosting PGE2 levels via 15-PGDH inhibition represents a viable therapeutic strategy to treat sarcopenia. To confirm the relevance of the dysregulated 15-PGDH/PGE2 axis in determining NMJ alterations in humans, I will perform single nuclei RNASeq and spatial proteomics (CODEX) on muscle samples of young and aged healthy, pre-sarcopenic and sarcopenic individuals. I will integrate the molecular data with in-vivo muscle morphology and function, (1) to reveal whether 15-PGDH expression, activity and localization is different in sarcopenic muscle and correlates with any in-vivo parameter and (2) to generate a macro-to-micro atlas of human aging and sarcopenia.

Mots clés : sarcopenia treatment 15 pgdh inhibition neuromuscular junction human transcriptomics and spatial proteomics atlas human in vivo and ex vivo aging and sarcopenia atlas

Participants :
- Université Stanford (Etats-Unis) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Université de Padoue (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 288859.2 €
Projet BridgHe (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The chief objective of the project is to produce the first complete collection of the Late Antique testimonies concerning the early Greek philosopher Heraclitus. This source collection will include an English translation of the texts in the various relevant languages (mainly Greek and Arabic, but also Latin, Coptic, and Syriac) and a running commentary of the testimonies, highlighting both the philological and the philosophical importance of the Late Antique afterlife of Heraclitus. The project will thus also provide the very first in-depth study of the reception of the thought and the tenets of Heraclitus in this fundamental period. The name of Heraclitus was still resonating in third century Rome, fifth century Alexandria, and ninth century Baghdad, but no one has put together the existing evidence to tell that story yet. The main philosophical and exegetical objective of the project thus consists not only in the analysis of the various ways in which different authors have expounded the views and the sayings of Heraclitus, but also in the assessment of the remarkable patterns of continuity and change that characterise the Heraclitean interpretations in the broad chronological span of Late Antiquity. The figure of Heraclitus lies, indeed, at the intersection of historical periods and exegetical traditions that tend to be considered separately. My project aims to challenge this approach by showing that the literary and philosophical production pertaining to research fields such as Greek Philosophy, Christianity, and Islam has to be jointly taken into account if we want to understand both the interpretative history and the theoretical relevance of the tenets of Heraclitus. For this reason, the project includes not only the Greek reception of Heraclitus but also domains neglected by scholarly research such as the Gnostic writings of the Nag Hammadi library and the texts produced in the framework of the translation movement from Greek into Syriac and Arabic.

Mots clés : ancient philosophy, classics, graeco arabic studies, islamic philosophy, presocratic philosophy, late antiquity, neoplatonism, christianity, gnosticism, religious studies

Participants :
- Université Yale (Etats-Unis) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Université de Padoue (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 265099.2 €
Projet HOWA (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

HOWA is an interdisciplinary research project belonging to critical African Studies, examining how home-making is reshaped under flood risk exposure in Central Mozambique. The project is premised on the conception of homes as speaking subjects telling us about the entanglements between individual paths, kinship, the environment and the socio-political context. In Mozambique’s low-income contexts, as elsewhere in Africa, people speak through their homes. House-building is a self-authored material and symbolic (non-verbal) language and, therefore, a fertile analytical field. In conditions of material, social and symbolic disruption, as is the case with repeated experiences of flooding, home-making and house building together reveal the complex life paths enacted within (and without) them. Floods are a major and increasingly frequent cause of disaster in eastern Sub-Saharan Africa. 30% of Mozambicans live in permanent flood vulnerability. HOWA investigates how home-making is reshaped in terms of (i) materiality, (ii) sociality and (iii) temporality under enduring flood exposure and displacement. It examines which life trajectories are enacted by, entangled with, and redirect through, the act of home-making before and after flood exposure. A relational and interdisciplinary approach is applied to the multiple dimensions of displacement and resettling. Different types of settings (urban neighbourhoods, resettlement sites, transitional areas) are studied with clusters of methods guided by an ethnographic and house biographical approach. The method itself becomes a form of activism enacted through the research process. By innovatively combining analysis of home-making, displacement, and life trajectories, HOWA in-depth, micro-scale studies hold both social and policy relevance in a time in which disaster-related displacement of vulnerable people is becoming more frequent, transforming interventions through revealing the links between risk and spatial and social belonging.

Mots clés : african studies home making mozambique flood risk interdisciplinary displacement studies life trajectories

Participants :
- Université de Copenhague (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 230774.4 €
- École polytechnique de Milan (Italie) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet UeNPP (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Accurately estimating aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), the key component of net primary productivity (NPP) and the primary food source for herbivores, is essential for improving our understanding of the carbon cycle. It is also critical for shaping future policy decisions and advancing sustainable grazing practices, especially in the context of climate change. However, the widespread use of inaccurate ground-truth data in the training and validation of ANPP models has led to problems with data distributional shifts, which reduce the accuracy of these models. In this project, “Distributional shifts Underestimate Net Primary Productivity in grazing grassland” (UeNPP), I will investigate the underlying mechanisms driving the data distributional shift in the simulation of grassland ANPP and provide solutions to improve grassland ANPP modelling accuracy. To achieve this, I will 1) investigate the components of ANPP in different grazing intensities across varied grassland types and evaluate the accuracy of the widely used methods for ANPP model training and validating. 2) identify changes in data distributional shifts over training, testing, and deployment phases. 3) provide two approaches, distributional shifts mitigation and standing-consumed biomass combination, to improve grassland ANPP modeling accuracy. and 4) apply the developed models to quantify the ANPP underestimation at the global scale. The MSCA-European Postdoctoral Fellowship will be hosted by the University of Copenhagen (UCPH, Denmark), home to world-leading experts in spatial monitoring and analysis, and supervised by Prof. Rasmus Fensholt, a renowned expert in Remote sensing/Earth observation ecology. The results of UeNPP will contribute to a better understanding of grassland biomass dynamics and improve decision-making processes for grassland managers globally. The findings will support the development of sustainable grazing practices and contribute to climate change mitigation efforts.

Mots clés : grassland aboveground net primary productivity, remote sensing, machine learning models, data distributional shift, remotely sensed phenology timings

Participants :
- Université de Copenhague (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 263393.28 €
Projet PLANDEVOL (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Understanding how planets form, both in and outside our solar system, is a fundamental question in astrophysics. In recent years, a significant paradigm shift in our understanding of planet formation has emerged, which focuses on two key mechanisms: planetesimal formation by pebble concentration via streaming instability (SI) and planetary core growth through pebble accretion.  The development of this new paradigm has revived interest in modeling dust growth and its role in planetesimal and planet formation. However, its impact on planetesimal formation via SI and on pebble accretion remain underexplored. Dust size significantly impacts pebble accretion efficiency and the ability of dust to trigger SI, yet most models assume static dust sizes, leaving important gaps in our understanding of when and where planetesimals can form.  The primary objective of this project is to determine whether dust growth can relax the conditions for both 1) planetesimal formation and 2) pebble accretion, in dust rings within realistic disk environments. To achieve this, I will conduct groundbreaking 3D simulations, for the first time incorporating dust growth, which is made feasible now by recent cutting-edge advancements in dust coagulation algorithms and the enhanced computational power of hydrodynamic simulations.  The proposed project will help broaden my horizon, and build up a systemetic understanding of the crucial processes of planet formation. The enrichment and gaining of my skills through this fellowship will fundamentally equip me to carry on research independently and build up my own team. With these skills developed, following the project’s completion, I will aim to secure junior faculty positions at the level or to ERC or comparable national grants, in order to build my own junior research group at a European (or worldwide) university or research facility.

Mots clés : protoplanetary disks, magneto hydrodynamic mhd simulations

Participants :
- Université de Copenhague (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 247553.28 €
Projet CARE (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Stents are tub nets of varied materials and geometries that are installed in narrowed (stenotic) arteries to preserve their restored diameter following surgical procedure (e.g., angioplasty). Stents add a roughness element to the otherwise smooth walls of arteries, thus altering the hemodynamic environment and the flow characteristics. CARE is inspired by recent results in wall-bounded flows, which have shown that roughness patterns of height much smaller than the flow size may generate secondary currents (SCs), large-scale streamwise vortices (comparable to the artery diameter) that alter flow structure, transport mechanisms, wall shear stress distributions and flow drag, among others. Due to their geometrical properties, stents are ideal candidates for the generation of SCs within the flow, with potentially significant effects on biological processes, e.g., restenosis. CARE will aim at advancing our understanding of SC dynamics in arterial flows by assessing their effects on key hemodynamic parameters and analysing energy exchanges. General guidelines for improved stent designs that control and modulate SCs, by preventing or promoting their generation, will be outlined. At present, roughness-induced SCs in stented arteries are largely unexplored, making the proposed research particularly timely. CARE will be based on laboratory experiments covering a range of flow conditions similar to those that can be found in the main body arteries. Different roughness patterns will be studied, including the reproduction of an actual stent. An advanced stereoscopic particle-image velocimetry system, capable of non-intrusive planar velocity measurements, will be used to study the SC patterns and their effects on wall shear stress distribution, as well as their contribution to momentum and energy exchanges.

Mots clés : secondary currents, arterial flow, particle image velocimetry, pipe flow, oscillatory flow

Participants :
- Université de Padoue (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 188590.08 €
Projet NgCHEM (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project aims to study noble-gas compounds by X-ray charge-density analysis and explore the structural behavior of selected noble-gas species under high-pressure in GPa range. Experimental electron-density distribution of reactive fluorides is rarely studied and no experimental charge-density analysis on noble-gas compounds has been reported to this date. Moreover, there is a genuine interest in noble-gas chemistry under extreme conditions of high pressure. However, the vast majority of studies are computational predictions and experiment significantly lags behind the theory. The project results would constitute the first X-ray charge density analysis on noble-gas compounds. This would provide new insights into the chemical bonding of noble-gas compounds and nature of their intermolecular interactions. Moreover, diamond anvil cell experiments would significantly advance our understanding of the hitherto unknown high-pressure chemical and structural behavior of noble-gas compounds. An ambitious, but challenging, experimental charge-density analysis of noble-gas compound under high pressure in diamond anvil cell will also be undertaken. Special experimental methods and techniques will be employed for the synthesis and structural characterization of reactive and air-sensitive noble-gas compounds. The two-way transfer of knowledge and skills, therefore represents an important aspect of this project.

Mots clés : noble gas compounds, charge density analysis, high pressure research, diamond anvil cell, fluorine, fluorides, crystal structure

Participants :
- Institut Jožef Stefan (Slovénie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 85699.68 €
- École polytechnique de Milan (Italie) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet DECross (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Carboxylic acids are widely found in commercialized chemicals and in naturally occurring compounds. Therefore, much attention is given to their catalytic activation, which over the last years resulted in the development of a variety of new synthetic methods. Among these, transition metal catalyzed decarboxylative cross-couplings (DCCs) are class of reactions that attracted significant interest in organic chemistry. These involve the activation of the substrate by removal of the carboxyl group as a molecule of CO2, and coupling of the formed metal-C bond with an electrophilic reaction partner to form a new C-C bond. However, despite the utility of this strategy, synthetic applications are limited due to the intrinsic stability and poor reactivity of carboxylic acids. In particular, this field is dominated by the DCC of benzoic acids, and aliphatic carboxylates used in transition-metal-catalyzed polar DCCs are limited to only two classes: i) α-aryl-acetates or ii) β-carbonyl acids. Moreover, enantioselective DCCs are rare, and controlling the stereochemistry at the carbanion site has never been reported. This proposal introduces an innovative activation mode for allyl and propargyl carboxylates towards novel (enantioselective) DCCs. This is enabled by a mechanistically unique decarboxylation step hat leads to the formation of allyl- and propargyl-metal intermediates capable of undergoing (enantioselective) alkylation of carbonyl compounds thus providing new C-C bond disconnections with wide applicability in organic synthesis. This proposal is set to provide new general knowledge in the catalytic activation of carboxylic acids and in their synthetic exploitation, which is a timely challenge. By unveiling a new DCC manifold and applying this to new enantioselective transformations, we aim to take DCCs to an applicative level, resulting in a significant breakthrough in the fields of transition metal catalysis and organic synthesis.

Mots clés : decarboxylative cross coupling, asymmetric catalysis, transition metal catalysis

Participants :
- Université de Padoue (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 193643.28 €
Projet PhotoCatData (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Photocatalysis is now a well-established method for developing sustainable protocols in synthetic organic chemistry. Organophotoredox catalysis, in particular, is gaining significant interest due the use of inexpensive, easy-to-make, metal-free organic dyes with tunable photophysical properties. Structural modification of these organic molecules is crucial to fine-tune their redox features for desired photochemical transformations. However, predicting the final excited-state properties of functionalized dyes remains challenging, especially when compatibility with the reaction system is required. This has led to a resource-intensive trial-and-error approach to identify the optimal photocatalyst structure for specific transformations, limiting its widespread application. A promising solution is data science, which can streamline the relationship between the chemical structure of dyes and their function, facilitating their application. The computer-assisted development of innovative systems in organophotoredox catalysis can offer novel possibilities for large-scale applications, reducing time, reagent consumption, and costs compared to traditional methods. This proposal aims to develop new data-assisted protocols for reaction discovery and photocatalyst design. During the outgoing phase at the University of Utah, under Prof. Sigman's supervision, machine learning algorithms will be used to correlate photocatalysts' structures with their functions. Classification tools will explore reactivity cliffs, and dimensionality reduction techniques will map the chemical space to visualize reactivity patterns with fewer experiments. In the subsequent return phase at the University of Padova, under Prof. Dell'Amico's supervision, these photochemical methodologies will be adapted for flow processes to produce synthetically relevant compounds on a multi-gram scale. The data science knowledge acquired will guide this transition, enabling a more efficient implementation.

Mots clés : data science, computer assisted reaction development, machine learning, predictive algorithms

Participants :
- Université de l'Utah (Etats-Unis) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Université de Padoue (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 396991.08 €