Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet DIPPHASE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Ultracold quantum gases have triggered great interest for their possibilities of simulating quantum matter. Thanks to the high tunability of these systems, direct signatures of fundamental phenomena in solid-state physics have in particular become accessible. However the variety of physical effects have long been restricted to the case of particles interacting via short-range and isotropic forces. Recent progress in cooling and trapping highly magnetic atoms have enriched the field by making available dipolar quantum matter, in which the interaction (DDI) is intrinsically long-range and anisotropic. This new feature brings tremendous possibilities for quantum simulation, and hence fruitful insights in long-awaited explanations for phenomena such as high-temperature superconductivity. This project targets to demonstrate collective dipolar phenomena and exotic phases in ultracold gases made of identical (i.e. spin-polarized) strongly magnetic fermions in two and zero dimensions. Identical dipolar fermions are of special interest thanks to the absence of short-range interaction in the ultracold regime, resulting in purely dipolar systems. They have however been very little studied up to now. This project aims to fill this gap and unveils the interplay between dipolar interactions and reduced dimensions, combining perfectly the expertise of the applicant with the one of the supervisor and her team. Her group has developed the first experimental apparatus producing quantum gases of Erbium, which is among the most magnetic atoms of the periodic table. In this project, we will explore the impact of dipolar interaction on strongly correlated phases. We will investigate asymmetric Cooper pairing due to the anisotropic nature of DDI in the privileging 2D geometry, and study the resulting superfluid phase. We will study spontaneous pattern formation from the long-range character of DDI both in 2D and in a lattice and the emergence of the long awaited stripe phases.

Mots clés : dipole dipole interaction, lanthanides, erbium, degenerate fermi gases, two dimension, optical lattice, asymmetric bcs pairing, pattern formation, crystal, stripes phases, charge density wave

Participants :
- Universität Innsbruck (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 166156.8 €
Projet UPR (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Unconditional parental regard refers to parents accepting children for who they are, even when they disapprove of children’s achievements (e.g., school grades). Psychological theory holds that children internalize unconditional regard to feel worthy for who they are. Children may thus feel less pressured to excel, and become more intrinsically motivated and less afraid of failure. However, unconditional regard has received little empirical scrutiny. The main objectives of this 24-month Marie Curie IF-GF are (a) to investigate the nature and consequences of unconditional parental regard in childhood; (b) to provide advanced training in experimental research (pioneered by the partner organization) and intervention development (pioneered by the beneficiary); and (c) to provide advanced training in soft skills and entrepreneurial skills. Thus, it brings the applicant closer to mid-term career goals of becoming a leading expert and establishing a research group in the field of socialization—a field where the EU currently lags behind the US. In this project, one study explores how parents express unconditional regard (Study 1). Two experiments investigate the causal effects of unconditional regard on children’s self-worth and motivation (Study 2-3). An observational-longitudinal study investigates whether the effects of unconditional regard sustain over time in children’s lives (Study 4). The studies will be conducted in specialized laboratories under supervision of leading experts. The project strengthens the EU’s position in the field of socialization, and establishes a long-term cross-disciplinary collaboration between the applicant and participating parties. The results will have timely societal implications: Contemporary EU youth suffer more ill-being and motivational problems than did previous generations. To help alleviate these problems, the applicant will develop and implement an unconditional-regard intervention in partnership with EU health-care professionals.

Mots clés : unconditional regard, self worth, motivation, early childhood, experimental, parenting, socialization

Participants :
- University of Amsterdam (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 162864.6 €
- Stanford University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet MACSSFT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Uncontrolled macroalgal blooms, also known as green or golden tides, is an increasingly frequent global phenomenon and is partly attributed to the increased eutrophication of the marine environment caused by anthropomorphic industrial and agricultural activities. The green opportunistic macroalgae genus Ulva thrives in such conditions and accounts for more than half of global blooms. Various environmental and economic problems have been associated with the occurrence of such blooms; however, if utilised appropriately, the biomass generated from these tides has the potential to be economically rewarding. Ulva spp. have an interesting chemical composition that is predominated by carbohydrates (≤65% dry weight), followed by proteins and lipids. Ulvan, a sulphated polysaccharide consisting of rhamnose, glucuronic acid, iduronic acid and xylose, is the predominant molecule, followed by cellulose. Contemporary research has focused on exploiting the cellulose fraction only, with ulvan, consisting of unique monosaccharides, being overlooked due to the unavailability of suitable saccharification enzymes. Although work on the saccharification of ulvan is gaining momentum, the complete enzymatic breakdown is still a bottleneck. Similarly, the unique monosaccharide composition of ulvan has not been explored to its full potential for fermentation to value-added products. This project, therefore, aims to develop a suitable technology to saccharify both ulvan and cellulose from the biomass and ferment all the monosaccharides present in the hydrolysate to value-added products. Novel and commercial enzymes would be identified and trialled in individual processes for saccharification and fermentation first; with a simultaneous process subsequently optimised to minimise resource inputs and generate minimum waste streams. The developed process would finally be evaluated at a pilot scale to demonstrate its potential to be implemented at the industrial level.

Mots clés : macroalgae, green tides, saccharification, fermentation, value added products

Participants :
- Aberystwyth University (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 337400.64 €
Projet UrbPOLS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Under pace-of-life syndrome (POLS) hypothesis, physiological, behavioural, and life history traits covary along the slow–fast pace-of-life axis. The POLS concept has been recently applied within species and populations, to studying individual-level variation in physiological, behavioural and life-history strategies. One critical environmental feature that has curiously been completely overlooked in POLS framework is the urbanization gradient (UG). Studies of urban animal ecology have so far concentrated on a few traits at a time, and a systematic approach to urban life-history and physiological adaptations is missing. This project proposes to study individual variation in life-history, physiological and behavioural traits along the UG in two model species of urbanization research, the house finch and the great tit, and to perform an experiment to understand the influence of environment v. genetic background on the development of pace-of-life differences between rural and urban birds. There are a number of avian studies that have assessed differences in traits associated with pace-of-life, such as reproduction, survival, behaviour and personalities, immune responses, and oxidative status along the UG, but so far no studies even consider the possibility of different adaptive pace-of-life strategies between urban and rural populations. Also, relatively little is known about shifts in genetic traits, and there are no studies designed particularly for testing pace-of-life differences between populations of urban and rural birds. The proposed project will use a multidisciplinary approach that involves field study methods for analysing survival, reproduction and behaviour and lab methods for quantifying OS, immune status, and gene expression (transcriptome microarray analysis).

Mots clés : urbanization, ecology, adaptation, birds, life history strategies

Participants :
- Arizona's Public Universities (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of Tartu (Estonie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 246421.8 €
Projet ChemicalWalks (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Understanding and modelling reactive transport in porous media is fundamental to predicting field-scale biogeochemical reactions, which play a key role in current environmental issues such as water resources management and carbon dioxide sequestration. A major scientific challenge is to capture the dynamics of coupled solute mixing and reaction processes in the context of multiscale heterogeneity, which characterise most natural porous media. In particular, the impact of pore-scale mixing on large- (Darcy-)scale reactive transport is a critical scientific question. ChemicalWalks addresses this question by coupling for the first time the lamella theory of mixing, developed by the host supervisor, and the chemical CTRW model for reaction kinetics under incomplete mixing, recently developed by the ER. While the lamella theory has successfully quantified mixing processes and fluid-fluid reactions at pore scale, its application to fluid-solid reactions, which are ubiquitous in natural systems, remains to be explored. The key idea of ChemicalWalks is to use the lamella theory to determine how pore-scale concentration distributions control the distribution of fluid-solid reaction rates, and formalize a predictive theory for upscaled reaction kinetics through the chemical CTRW framework (WP1). The complementary expertise of the researcher and the host will ensure a particularly efficient two-way transfer of knowledge to achieve this goal. This will open the door to the development of a hybrid computational method, quantifying the effect of pore-scale mixing on Darcy-scale reactive transport phenomena at a scale relevant to environmental applications (WP2). ChemicalWalks will be firmly rooted on a career development plan and supported by scientific training in state-of-the-art mixing theories and data processing and interpretation techniques, placing the fellow at the forefront of reactive transport modelling.

Mots clés : reactive transport, stochastic hydrology, kinetic monte carlo, continuous time, random walk

Participants :
- Université de Rennes (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 184707.84 €
Projet FTAIGE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Understanding and predicting the continuous change of the environment is crucial for scientists, economists, policy makers and ultimately for the entire society. Geochronology is the art of measuring the timing of processes on Earth and thus the key for understanding the past and making accurate predictions for the future. Techniques to model past and future events have evolved to an advanced state and geochronology has to keep track with this by providing accurate, precise and statistically robust age data. Fission-track dating is a well-established geochronological method, which is based on the manual counting and length measurement of nuclear damage tracks (i.e. fission tracks) in minerals by means of optical microscopy. Due to the complexity of microscopic images and objects to be studied, the operator-based optical counting remains the most widely applied approach until these days. However, the manual approach has serious limitations especially with respect to the number of grains being dated as well as the comparability and reproducibility of the results. This project is an attempt to automatize large parts of the slow and tedious manual procedure. It will combine fission-track dating with artificial-intelligence (AI)-assisted image analysis exploiting the capability of convoluted neural nets (the AI) to be ‘taught’ to detect user defined objects in an image. The expected result is a protocol that can be freely used and refined by all geochronology laboratories to produce age data meeting the high requirements of cutting-edge research. On the way of developing this protocol the experienced researcher will obtain hands-on training in the Python language and artificial intelligence, whereas the supervisor will get a deep insight into fission-track geochronology. The results will be communicated to a broad audience and provide a stable basis for future research inside and hopefully far outside geosciences thereby underlining the project’s societal importance.

Mots clés : fission track, thermochronology, apatite, image analysis, climate controlled processes

Participants :
- University of Göttingen (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 94686.8 €
Projet ColonialConsequences (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Understanding colonial cultural impacts on Indigenous ways of living have come to the fore in recent years. In 2015, both Canada and Australia have urged governments to acknowledge difficult histories such as residential schools and frontier violence in order to advance the process of reconciliation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples. Similarly, in the Mariana Islands, scholars have focused on examining colonial impacts on Chamorro and Carolinian identity, largely in response to increased militarisation of the islands by the United States (U.S.) government. Examining the cultural identity of Indigenous peoples in the Marianas works to support Indigenous self-determination and resist further colonial actions by U.S. occupiers. Despite excellent work on Spanish and U.S. influences on Indigenous culture in the Marianas, little work has thoroughly examined the colonial cultural impact of the Japanese Empire in Micronesia. As a result, scholarship endorses a narrative that characterises Chamorro culture as a hybrid of Chamorro and Spanish or American cultural elements. Without an adequate analysis of Japanese colonial cultural impacts, we neglect to fully understand contemporary Indigenous culture in the Marianas Islands, which were occupied by three to four different colonial powers. My project begins to address this gap by analysing the material remains of Japanese colonialism in the Mariana Islands. Working with the community, my project will record materials and oral histories from the Japanese Period in order to understand Japanese influences on Indigenous culture. The project will further our understandings of Japanese imperialism, its effects on the people of the Mariana Islands and provide necessary analytical comparisons from a part of the Mariana Islands currently underrepresented in the literature. Furthermore, this work will contribute to a growing body of research on the ways Indigenous groups negotiated their identity during colonial periods.


Participants :
- Pompeu Fabra University (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 172932.48 €
Projet VORTSHEET (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Mathematics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Understanding fundamental phenomena in fluid mechanics, such as formation of vortices at wingtips of a plane taking off or development of repetitive turbulent patterns of clouds, requires studying special flows which are characterized by a jump of velocity across certain interfaces. These singular flows correspond to solutions of the classical Euler equations from inviscid fluid dynamics, called vortex sheets. Remarkably, the existence and uniqueness of vortex sheets remain outstanding open problems even though they are of vital importance in applications in aerodynamics and climatology. We aim to approach these problems from a new point of view and thus contribute to the development of the area. To achieve our goals we will - construct a new family of vortex sheets called 'vortex cusps', - study singularities, which vortex cusps may develop, - study related models to gain further intuitions. The project will be conducted at the University of Warwick under the supervision of a leading researcher in the field, J.L. Rodrigo. It will also include a secondment in Seville, hosted by F. Gancedo and short visits to other experts in the field (D. Cordoba, Ch. Fefferman, T.Cieslak). This setup guarantees the highest quality of academic training, which will significantly broaden the previous interdisciplinary expertise of G. Jamroz (who finished his PhD in Warsaw in January 2015 and is currently a postdoc in Basel) and will, in combination with an intensive transferable skills training, lead him to an independent researcher position. What is more, the project will strengthen the position of the University of Warwick as a top mathematical research centre by extending its network of collaborations across Europe. The results of the research will be actively and frequently communicated both to experts and general public by open-access and peer-reviewed publications as well as conferences and general public events, thus ensuring maximum outreach of the proposed action.

Mots clés : fluid mechanics, euler equations, vortex sheets, contour dynamics

Participants :
- University of Warwick (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet SocParPhenoEvol (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Understanding how diversity of life arises at the level of the genes is one of the biggest challenges in modern biology. Genomic methodologies now allow us to dissect the molecular basis of this phenotypic diversity and plasticity. However, we lack an integrated study of key phenotypic traits and their dynamic changes in an ecologically relevant setting, with the associated dynamic nature of the underpinning genes. I propose to use an inter-disciplinary approach, by uniting classical ethology with new molecular tools of genomics, to understand how genes give rise to phenotypic traits and their dynamic plasticity using an insect social parasite system as model. Insect social parasites show striking phenotypic diversity compared to their hosts and have been identified as unique models for understanding the molecular basis of phenotypic diversity and plasticity. Yet, they have remained largely unexploited so far, due to the difficulty of conducting genomic studies on non-model organisms. This project will combine for the first time the transcriptomic (i.e. multiple species comparisons of brain genome-wide RNA-seq analyses followed by candidate gene approach RT-PCR) and behavioural phenotyping in order to reveal the molecular basis of phenotypic diversity in a Polistes paper wasp social parasite system, which comprises the social parasite, the host and a related non host species. This will be a landmark project in the exploding field of Behavioural Genomics as it will ensure high replication in an ecologically relevant setting in wild populations and it will exploit a deep ethological knowledge of the model system to ensure precise integration of behaviour with new methods for dissecting molecular processes. This project offers a unique opportunity to capitalize on molecular and behavioural expertise of the Supervisor and ER, generating the most comprehensive empirical and theoretical body of work to date, thus placing the ER as a leader in this new and exciting field.

Mots clés : social parasitism, social insects, phenotypic plasticity, polistes, gene expression

Participants :
- University of Bristol (Royaume-Uni) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet UNISLAND (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Understanding how ecological and evolutionary processes shape patterns of biodiversity remains a central challenge for ecological and biogeographic theory. Oceanic islands, because of their spatiotemporal properties, provide the most promising arena to address this challenge. UNISLAND will advance general theory by applying novel ecological, evolutionary and genomics approaches to explicitly test mechanistic predictions derived from the recently developed General Dynamic Model (GDM). The GDM, while an island focused model, is of broad ecological relevance, because it encompasses generally held ecological relationships, such as the species area relationship (SAR) and the species abundance distribution (SAD). Two key mechanistic predictions derived from the GDM have so far been untested, and are the focus of UNISLAND. The first is that the older an island is, the more old are the single island endemic species (SIEs) that evolved on that island. The second is that single island endemic species (SIEs) have higher extinction probabilities that other species. UNISLAND is embedded in a multidisciplinary framework involving: comparative phylogenetics; community-level modeling; ‘museum’ genomics; and spatially-explicit coalescent-based analysis. Data generated by UNISLAND will evaluate the range shift and extinction risk (species-level and ecosystem-level), thus addressing international and European-level research priorities. Through the collaborative phase between the ER and OPS, UNISLAND will provide the ER with state of the art skills in historical DNA genomics and ecological modelling that will be transferred to the CSIC during the return phase. The complementary research profiles of the OPS, RPS and ER, their mutual interests in the spatial structuring of biodiversity, and the application of modern fit for purpose methodology, underpin the strength of UNISLAND.

Mots clés : angiosperms, arthropods, canary islands, extinction, general dynamic model, global change, hawaii, historical demography, islands, oceanic island biogeography, single island endemic species

Participants :
- Spanish National Research Council (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 257191.2 €
- University of California System (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €