Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet TRANSREGIONS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

European regionalisms did not emerge in isolation. Quite the contrary: the affirmation of regional identities in the late 19th and early 20th centuries – e.g., in Catalonia, Galicia, Occitania, Brittany, Wallonia and Flanders – involved a striking intensification of transfers in the fields of art and literature. Yet these transregional dynamics have largely been ignored by cultural historians and relegated to the footnotes of transnational history. TRANSREGIONS pursues three goals: (1) to lay bare the emergence of transregional networks by following their key mediators and retracing inter-peripheral transfer activities at different phases of regional identity building, (2) to offer a reproducible model for the study of cultural emergence and multiscale cross-border phenomena, and (3) to set the first decisive steps toward the writing of an entangled history of European regional movements, offering an alternative and decentralized perspective that highlights the role of minorized cultures and agents against dominant, national and monolingual historiographical models. These goals will be achieved with an innovative gender-inclusive, agent- and process- oriented method, involving the use of new digital tools, that will be applied to a hitherto unexplored corpus of journals. The interdisciplinary combination of data mining, social network analysis and complexity theory will highlight unexpected cultural practices and connections and bring new insights to the fields of regionalism studies, global history and translation studies. At a wider societal level, TRANSREGIONS will provide food for thought in the context of the current push for regionalization challenging the Europe of Nations. From a personal perspective, this MSCA-IF will significantly contribute to my development as a strong, versatile and independent researcher in the fields of translation studies and global cultural history.

Mots clés : regional mouvements, entangled history, networks, mediators, emergence, transfers, translations, regionalisms, gender bias, complexity, historical social network analysis, data mining

Participants :
- Open University of Catalonia (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 172932.48 €
Projet MANAN (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

European society and economy relies on the productivity of staple food, such as wheat. Plant cell walls are a centrepiece of plant development and tuning their biosynthesis could improve the productivity and the quality of wheat grain. Although the structure of cell wall polysaccharides is relatively well-documented, little is known about their biosynthesis. The project proposes for the first time 1) to explore the structure, organisation and function of mannan, a cell wall polysaccharide that impacts on wheat grain development, and 2) to investigate the function of four putative genes involved in the mannan biosynthesis, using a combination of well established and new methodologies (enzymatic fingerprinting, FT-IR microspectroscopy and MALDI-MS imaging). This research is of potential interest to various industrial sectors (e.g., plant breeding, milling and biofuel industries) active in Europe and represents a good opportunity to improve competitiveness of European agriculture. Within the host institute (INRA, France), which is a World leader for agricultural sciences, the supervisor is internationally renowned for its contribution in the general understanding of plant cell walls. The host will offer the opportunity to the fellow to develop a sound knowledge in biochemistry and molecular biology and will contribute to improve his managerial skills. In return, the fellow who has a strong expertise in microscopy and enzymatic activity assays will implement these techniques in the host institution. The fellow will have the opportunity to disseminate his knowledge during various events towards audiences of scientists, students and the general public. The fellow will access to all the facilities, logistics, and equipment necessary for the good implementation of his project. In summary, this innovative project will contribute to European excellence and will offer the training the fellow needs to pursue his career as an independent principal investigator in plant science.

Mots clés : plant cell wall glycosyltransferase wheat polysaccharide

Participants :
- Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 185076.0 €
Projet WELCOME-UNIVERSITY (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

European universities have significantly changed the way of dealing with newcomers in the last thirty years. As a consequence of the explosion of enrolments, educators, professional staff, and authorities have suddenly been confronted to new categories of students. In addition, the university's governance has experienced rapid changes concerning internationalisation and mobility. The issues that primarily concern researchers and authorities regard the dropout of first-year students (FYS) and the utility of mobility programmes to reinforce a “European identity”. With the MSCA, I aspire to better understand how universities welcome and take actions to integrate FYS and students in mobility with diverse background. These organisational conditions have not been sufficiently considered by educational researchers and practitioners yet. Most works focus only on teaching, admission process, or material conditions of life outside the university. My programme has three main objectives: (1) to give an account of the concrete functioning of policy concerning FYS and students in international mobility in British universities, including informal ways of welcoming, backdrop material conditions and institutional communication; (2) to conceive a theoretical framework suitable for comparative research regarding welcome policies for newcomers that reinforce teaching and learning processes; (3) to make a contribution to practitioners and European policy-makers who seek to enrich newcomers’ experience and retention. The UK is the most suitable place to carry out my research and training activities. First, its universities have been among the pioneers in carrying out initiatives for first-year students and students in mobility. Second, there exists a more robust academic tradition in the UK exploring the first-year experience, compared to most states in Europe. Dissemination and communication actions will be implemented in the UK, France, and Belgium with staff and potential users.

Mots clés : transition into higher education, first year students, non traditional students, retention, international mobility, newcomers, interculturality, ethnographic and praxeological approaches, cat gorisation

Participants :
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet CRACK-IT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Europe’s built cultural heritage is very diverse, ranging from large and impressive Roman amphitheaters to small and modest dwellings of European cities’ historic quarters. Despite the immense differences in dimensions, architecture and use, these structures share the construction technique: brick or stone masonry. Built cultural heritage is a key factor for Europe’s social cohesion, economic growth and sustainable development. However, heritage structures in a large part of Europe are under the threat of earthquakes. While we can do nothing to prevent earthquakes, we can prepare predictive tools for assessing the seismic safety of masonry structures. This proposal aims to develop numerical CRACK simulation and Identification Techniques (CRACK-IT) for stone masonry structures that can be used in professional practice. To achieve this, we will first develop a crack detection tool that will allow the automatic and objective crack documentation of damaged masonry structures, by combining information from experiments with image processing and machine learning aproaches. This tool aims to be applicable in post-earthquake surveys for automated crack detection in masonry structures. Second, we will develop and validate a structural analysis tool that permits the efficient and accurate simulation of stone masonry structures and the robust estimation of their seismic response. For this, we will focus on the simulation of irregular stone masonry, because despite being a common used typology in historic structures, there is still no structural analysis approach tailored to it. The core for the development of these two numerical tools will be the execution of an experimental campaign including the shear-compression tests of irregular stone masonry walls. This campaign, apart from allowing the validation of the numerical tools, will give the first experimental dataset on the effect of the size of masonry walls to their in-plane structural response.

Mots clés : masonry structures, cracks, shear compression tests, experimental tests, digital image correlation, homogenization approach, micro modelling, constitutive modelling, stone masonry, cultural heritage

Participants :
- Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology (Suisse) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 203149.44 €
Projet HoloFlat (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Even after more than 100 years Einstein’s theory of General Relativity still resists a complete understanding at the quantum level. Holographic dualities between theories of quantum gravity and quantum field theories such as the Anti-de Sitter/Conformal Field Theory correspondence have revolutionised the way we think about both subjects since its discovery. However, holographic applications to other – more realistic – setups such as asymptotically flat spacetimes still provide a fundamental challenge in theoretical physics. The aim of this project is to overcome this challenge by developing new holographic tools that involve the entire boundary of asymptotically flat spacetimes. The long-term goal of FlatHolo is to apply these tools to spacetimes such as e.g. the Schwarzschild or the Kerr-Newman black hole in order to gain a deeper understanding of these objects at a quantum level. The short-term goals of developing a concise framework for a putative dual quantum field theory and consequently relating boundary entanglement with bulk geometry are also of high interest for other scientific communities that are unravelling the intriguing relations between quantum information and geometry. This proposal combines my current expertise on non-AdS holography with extensive training by leading experts on various aspects of holography involving asymptotically flat spacetimes at Harvard University. The final stage of the project will be conducted at the University of Vienna whose complementary expertise on higher-spins, holography and gravitational physics provides the perfect environment to transfer my knowledge and skills gained during the outgoing phase. The outcomes of this project will be essential for a deeper understanding of holography in more realistic setups and will allow me to proceed with the next step in my career and reach professional maturity by qualifying for a permanent position as an independent researcher at a European research institution.

Mots clés : holography, flat space, quantum gravity, entanglement entropy

Participants :
- Harvard University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of Vienna (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 270349.44 €
Projet JIL (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Ever since 1648, European international law has had at its core the formal recognition of states as sovereign and independent political units. Minority groups such as the Jews did not have a voice within the political and legal framework established at the treaty of Westphalia. As the ‘other within’, Jews were not central participants within the history of international legal discourse. So far, little to no research has been undertaken on the Jewish conceptions of international trade and criminal law. This Action entitled ‘A Jewish Contribution to the Historiography of International Law (JIL)’ will address the topic of anti-Jewishness in the history of international law. The aim of the project is to examine the international trade network of the 18th-century Portuguese Jewish community in Amsterdam in order to uncover its contributions to the history and development of international law. It will do so through an interdisciplinary and innovative approach in combining various disciplines and research methods: archival research, legal anthropology, case-studies analysis, rabbinic legal analysis, intellectual history, politics, Christian theology, material culture, and urban governance. The project offers to make a change in the historiography of international law by highlighting Jewish men and women who were active in international business in the 18th century. In bringing the relevant cases to the foreground, the researcher aims to open emancipatory space for other marginalized groups that participated in the periphery.

Mots clés : jewish studies, political science, international law, legal history, urban studies, material culture, christian extremism, criminal law, international trade, legal anthropology

Participants :
- University of Antwerp (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 178320.0 €
Projet SPECTRE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Ever-increasing production of waste requires new provisions for waste management to ensure sustainable development. The use of organic waste (OW) as fertiliser is a promising route but may represent an environmental pathway for flows of contaminants. In Europe and across the world, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and trace elements (TEs) are seen as two major threats to environmental and human health. Overcoming the lack of knowledge of the role of TEs as a selective agent in the proliferation of ARGs is a major scientific challenge today. The overall objectives of SPECTRE are to (i) link the spatial distribution of TE speciation in OWs with the development of resistance at microscale and (ii) to assess the fate of TEs and ARGs in the OW-soil-plant system. During the SPECTRE project, I will take full advantage of my time at the interdisciplinary Future Industries Institute (FII, University of South Australia) to acquire new skills in molecular biology to screen interesting bacterial community members and (ii) increase my expertise in TE speciation by harnessing the analytical power of a spectroscopic cutting-edge technique. This training will position me as a leader in Europe in this rapidly advancing field. Furthermore, the unique FII environment will enable me to develop my transversal skills and gain experience in the management of public-private research partnerships. Knowledge transfer (blended learning, hands-on training, training-through-research) is essential to broaden the scope of my research as well as reinforce my future career prospects. Beyond the publication of scientific papers, I will make a particular effort to ensure that the results are widely disseminated to different audiences: schoolchildren (social networking, video link facilities), school teachers (professional development), end-users in the agro-environmental sector (workshop, seminar) and MSc students (e-learning).

Mots clés : antimicrobial resistance, antibiotic resistance, trace element, heavy metal, organic waste, agricultural recycling, availability, bioavailability, speciation, spectroscopy, synchrotron

Participants :
- University of South Australia (Australie) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 204025.5 €
Projet GHRELMIGRA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Every year, billions of birds cover long distances to migrate between breeding areas and favourable wintering grounds. During migratory flights, birds almost exclusively rely on fat stores as energy source. Avian migration typically involves an alternation between long, exhausting flights and stopover periods to rest and refuel, with consequent changes in foraging behaviour and metabolism. We are just starting to understand the mechanisms regulating these transitions. The hormone ghrelin, produced by the gastrointestinal tract, was recently shown to play a key role in the control of locomotor activity and food intake during migratory stopovers in captive birds. This project aims at identifying how ghrelin affects endurance performance, fuel metabolism, and decision-making in migrating birds. We will address these questions with an innovative approach that combines field and laboratory experiments and make use of state-of-the-art methods and facilities, including a wind tunnel and an automated radio-tracking system. Specifically, we will simulate migratory flights in the wind tunnel to investigate how food deprivation and high-intensity exercise affect ghrelin levels, and in turn how the manipulation of ghrelin levels leads to changes in fuel metabolism. Further, we will radio-track wild migrating birds that had been given exogenous ghrelin to study how the interaction between the hormone and the physiological condition controls actual migratory behaviour. Our findings will greatly expand our current understanding of the physiological adaptations for long-distance migration and provide new insights into the function of ghrelin in controlling energy homeostasis and lipid metabolism in vertebrates.

Mots clés : ghrelin, avian migration, physiology, migratory decisions, stopover, endurance flight, wind tunnel

Participants :
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 204430.4 €
- Western University (Canada) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet MIRO (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Every year, thousands of migrants go missing, leaving behind families, who suffer not knowing whether their loved ones are alive or not. These human tragedies have been acknowledged and recognised by key international actors, such as in the 2018 UN Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration. At the same time, the very term ‘missing migrants’ is not legally (or otherwise) defined and most broadly includes all migrants whose whereabouts remain unknown. While international organisations (IOs) engage with the issue of ‘missing migrants’, they each conceptualise the phenomenon differently, focusing variously on only those migrants that are lost at sea, die unidentified, are secretly deprived of liberty, those who appear to have been trafficked, or disappear into the informal economy. Against this background, MIRO will identify the key facets of an umbrella concept of ‘missing migrant’ (a legally informed empirical concept), which will facilitate the identification of key legal obligations across various domains of international law. This in turn will provide the basis for an analysis and critique of institutional practices. The project’s main goal is to identify and interpret international legal obligations regarding ‘missing migrants’ and accordingly critique and shape the practices of the EU (including its externalization practices), its Member States and pertinent IOs. The project’s aims will be achieved through doctrinal legal research, semi-structured interviews, four study visits to IOs, and an expert workshop. The project output will include two policy papers, two articles, one book chapter, conference presentations, and blog posts. The MIRO project will build on the applicant’s expertise on missing persons and enforced disappearances, who will pursue research into new fields, in particular migration and IO law. The fellowship will be a continuation of her academic steps towards attaining an independent academic position and heading a research team.

Mots clés : obligations of international organizations, families of missing migrants

Participants :
- Hertie School (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 174806.4 €
Projet AstroModulation (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Evidence has been emerging for astrocytes to play an important role in neuronal cooperation and information processing in the brain. Recent work has suggested that their activity may even regulate the shape of action potentials in the axon and thus the efficacy of synaptic transmission. However, the underlying physiological machinery remains poorly understood. We propose here that astrocytes play an active role in the analogue-digital regulation of presynaptic signalling. To decipher the role of astroglia in presynaptic signalling, in particular analogue-digital axonal information transfer, we focus on the giant mossy-fibre-CA3 synapse, well characterized in the host laboratory. Our working hypothesis is that astrocytes regulate spike generation and propagation in axons by modulating local extracellular potassium and possibly by releasing glutamate. To test this hypothesis, an innovative set of technique will be used: i) direct recordings of astrocytes and either presynaptic or postsynaptic elements of the synapse in the mossy-fibre to CA3 synapse; ii) genetic tools allowing specific targeting and stimulation of either astrocytes or neurons; iii) pioneering imaging tools, such as FLIM, to directly measure the calcium entry and glutamate-sensing fluorescent reporter to reveal glutamate release by the astrocytes. The proposed project should unravel the mechanisms by which astrocytes control axonal information transfer in neural networks axonal excitability while shedding light on poorly understood features of astrocyte physiology.

Mots clés : astrocyte plasticity action potential synaptic strength calcium physiology analogue digital

Participants :
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €