Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet KiLoS LASER (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The focus of this project is the development of state-of-the-art kW-class, low noise, single frequency (SF) fiber laser. SF lasers operate with a single longitudinal mode, emitting quasi-monochromatic light with kHz-class linewidth and low intensity noise. This class of lasers are in great demand for precision time/frequency metrology, atom cooling, coherent LIDAR, and laser spectroscopy. However, power scaling SF fiber lasers, while maintaining its low noise properties and high beam quality has been a challenge due to the onset of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and transverse modal instability (TMI) that disrupt the stable system operation beyond a certain power level (known as threshold). But high-power (> 500 W) low-intensity noise, SF lasers with high beam quality are quintessential for building next generation interferometric gravitational wave detectors (GWDs) and efficient neutral beam injector systems for fusion reactors. The current state-of-the-art for these systems is limited to ~ 400 W in an all-fiber architecture. We intend to challenge it by developing kW-class, low-noise SF fiber laser by using optimized laser design, novel ytterbium-doped fibers (commercial and customized) and efficient techniques to suppress the undesirable nonlinear and thermal effects. Such a system would also be valuable in understanding the dynamics and interplay between SBS and TMI and developing an accurate system model for optimized laser parameters and threshold levels. For this, we seek to combine the expertise of the applicant (Roopa Prakash), in building kW-class, narrow linewidth (~10 GHz), polarization-maintaining fiber lasers with the expertise of Giorgio Santarelli’s group in developing state-of-the-art low-intensity noise, SF lasers using specialty fibers. The interdisciplinary nature of this project will generate advances beyond the state-of-the-art not only in the fields involved in its development, but also in those where this laser can be applied.

Mots clés : fiber lasers, high power, low noise, single frequency, special optical fibers, stimulated brillouin scattering sbs , transverse modal instability tmi , gravitational wave detectors

Participants :
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 211754.88 €
- Université de Bordeaux (France) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet JUSTCB (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The recent financial crisis, and the ongoing ecological crisis, call for an urgent examination of the central banks’ place in society, both as a cause of harm and as a potential agent of justice. The central aim of this project is to determine what role central banks can play in the transition towards a more just and sustainable economy. First, this project will attempt to uncover what, if anything, is wrong with current central banking practices. The financial ethics literature is divided on whether their core problem is their lack of legitimacy, or their negative effects on justice and environmental sustainability. The first part of the project aims to show that all these problems stem from the unfair and inefficient division of political and epistemic labor between states, central banks, and commercial banks. Second, this project will delineate and defend potential reforms, which are able to improve the fairness and sustainability of central bank’s practices. The project will focus on new monetary policy instruments that central banks could use to target firms, banks, and citizens more directly. It will investigate how these policy tools can achieve a fairer balance of power between central banks, states, and commercial banks. In sum, by producing a unified theory that is able to account for the diversity of harms and benefits of central banking, this project aims to provide guidance on the ethical role of central banks and the necessary reforms of central banking.

Mots clés : central banks, economic ethics, financial ethics, theories of justice, theories of legitimacy

Participants :
- Université d'Aalborg (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 230774.4 €
Projet NEUTRINAI (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

This project aims to design energy-efficient communication technology and protocol for the 6th generation (6G) Internet of Things (IoT) communication system, in which energy efficiency is one of the essential Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to realize sustainable IoT networking. The energy-efficient protocol designs for IoT devices serving 6G applications are more challenging than conventional wireless sensor networks, as we need to consider the energy cost caused by the introduction of the Artificial Intelligence (AI)/ Machine learning (ML) model as well as that of the primary radio circuit. However, most related works do not consider the energy cost of introducing the ML model, which affects the overall energy efficiency of the communication protocols. In order to realize the reduction of the overall energy consumption of AI-empowered IoT devices, this project newly introduces generative AI modules and wake-up radio technology into IoT devices operating with batteries, by which IoT devices can suppress unnecessary data transmission, and communication is taken place in an energy-efficient manner by cooperatively transmitting signaling, informative data, and ML model from devices to devices. This project will design a new communication framework integrating generative AI modules, investigate the system-level performance of G-AI-based communication systems, and clarify the gain brought by the introduction of G-AI modules in terms of energy efficiency and accuracy.

Mots clés : energy efficiency, generative ai, machine learning, wake up radio, internet of things

Participants :
- Université d'Aalborg (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 214934.4 €
Projet InnoWindFaultRiForm (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

In March 2023, the European Parliament and the Council reached a provisional agreement to increase the binding renewable energy target to at least 42.5% by 2030. This necessitates a swift transition from synchronous generator power plants to renewable energy sources, creating a challenge of lower short circuit capacity (SCC) and low synchronous inertia. This reduction leads to a less stable power system and increased vulnerability to disturbances. To address this issue, wind power plants (WPP) are required to have Fault Ride Through (FRT) capability, which would enable them to ride through faults and contribute to the stability of the grid. FRT for WPPs becomes vital to ensure grid stability during faults. Our project aims to develop robust nonlinear FRT control solutions for grid-forming (GFM) WPPs. We will investigate their performance during grid faults, considering voltage dips, frequency changes, and phase jumps. Our work is highly relevant to the program as it addresses the increasing demand for stable renewable energy integration. Our objectives are: -Analysis and Modeling: Analyze and model GFM-WPPs' behavior during faults, understanding grid requirements and assessing GFM capabilities. -Dynamics in Low Inertia Grids: Explore FRT achievement in low SCC, low inertia grids, identifying factors and tuning control loops. -Nonlinear Solutions: Develop nonlinear FRT control strategies, focusing on stability and synchronization during faults. -Laboratory Verification: Validate the proposed FRT approach using emulated WPPs to enhance understanding. These objectives align with the program's goal of advancing renewable energy integration and grid stability, pushing the boundaries of current research. Through interdisciplinary approaches, we integrate power systems, power electronics, nonlinear control theory, and renewables, addressing the complex challenges of WPPs during grid faults.

Mots clés : wind power plants, grid forming control, fault ride through, grid code compliance

Participants :
- Université d'Aalborg (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 230774.4 €
Projet HOTWIND (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Aging-affected and deteriorating structural elements negatively influence the load-bearing capacity and fragility of offshore wind turbines (OWTs) under earthquake and environmental loads. Increasing ocean temperature and ocean acidification due to climate change exacerbate these impacts, highlighting the need for careful consideration for OWTs against seismic and environmental loads. On the other hand, the recent installation of OWTs in seismic active areas (e.g., U.S. and Italy) and the use of modern larger turbines that are more vulnerable to earthquakes necessitate seismic reliability analysis of deteriorating OWTs. The overall objective of this research is to develop a loss estimation method for OWTs in a multi-hazard risk modeling framework, by advancing current state-of-the-art practices in performance-based earthquake engineering. Through this Postdoctoral Fellowship (P.F.), my goal is to develop a comprehensive probabilistic framework to assess the fragility and risk of OWTs exposed to multiple hazards including environmental and/or earthquake hazards, aging impacts, and global warming due to climate change. Risk and resilience metrics are estimated in terms of financial (monetary) loss. This goal will be achieved through (1) the development of probabilistic models for time-dependent corrosion deterioration processes considering global warming, (2) environmental (wind and wave) and seismic hazards estimation, (3) OWT’s structural modeling and analysis and development of surrogate models to obtain the structural response, and (4) fragility analysis and consequence modeling through estimation of risk metrics.

Mots clés : offshore wind turbines seismic risk and reliability analysis global warming corrosion

Participants :
- Université d'Aalborg (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 214934.4 €
Projet GREENER (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Up to $3 trillion must be invested in large-scale energy storage (LES) to deal with the intermittency of renewable energy and achieve net zero by 2050. Yet, critical questions remain open: 1) Will this substantial investment in LES cannibalise its own market? 2) Even if profitable, does the self-interest of private storage investors align with the public goal of achieving net zero? If not, what incentive schemes can be designed to address these two problems? How will these problems evolve from now to 2050 across Europe? This research project will answer these questions, first investigating: (i) the self-cannibalisation (i.e., how the increasing LES deployment can reduce profitability in its own market); (ii) the cross-cannibalisation (i.e., how the increasing renewable penetration will affect storage revenues); and (iii) how the trajectory of these two aspects will evolve from present days until 2050 in Europe. Then, policy recommendations and an incentive scheme will be designed to support merchant investments in this context.

Mots clés : electricity market modelling, energy storage, carbon emission

Participants :
- Université Bocconi (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 172750.08 €
Projet SPIRAL (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is set to revolutionize technology and society. While the fast improvement and adoption of AI comes with tremendous potential, it also brings significant challenges. The rise of so-called ‘Large Language Models’ such as ChatGPT, which require tremendous computational resources, notably highlights the need for more efficient architectures to address sustainability and sovereignty concerns. In this context, the SPIRAL project—Structured Physics-Inspired Representations and dAta models for efficient Learning—aims to create more interpretable, efficient, and targeted machine learning models by focusing on the role of structure. Indeed, despite advancements in Machine Learning research, the field has yet to fully understand how models process and build internal representations from structured data. SPIRAL seeks to close this gap by identifying how current architectures use structure in data and subsequently by developing better training protocols and tailored architectures, opening an alternative to the blind increase of model size and complexity. To achieve its goals, SPIRAL will take a dual, physics-inspired approach. First, it will establish an in-silico laboratory to explore the role of structure in data by developing a tunable model of synthetic structured data and conducting targeted experiments on modern machine learning architectures. Second, it will leverage insights from the statistical physics of disordered systems to understand the emergent structure in the solution landscape of asymmetric neural networks, ultimately proposing innovative architectures that make use of this internal structure to build meaningful internal representations of data. This interdisciplinary strategy, developed within the fast-growing Bocconi Institute for Data Science and Analytics, will provide new methods for building efficient models aligning with Europe’s goals of sustainability and technological independence.

Mots clés : structured data, neural networks, disordered systems, spin glasses

Participants :
- Université Bocconi (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 193643.28 €
Projet GAPP (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Achieving gender equality in politics, the labour market, and public life is essential for fostering a fair and inclusive society. This project explores the effectiveness of key policy tools aimed at closing gender gaps across Europe. The first part of the study examines the impact of gender quotas - both hard quotas like parity laws and soft quotas like voluntary party commitments - on women’s representation in the European Parliament, drawing on data from the 2024 EU elections. Additionally, it analyses growing gender-based disparities in trust and perceptions of public institutions. The second part of the project evaluates the role of female politicians in shaping gender equality policies, with a specific focus on Denmark’s recently introduced earmarked parental leave reform. Through innovative quasi-experimental research methods and text analysis, the project will assess both political discourse and policy outcomes, providing valuable insights into how gender equality initiatives impact public life and governance across Europe. Ultimately, this research will contribute to a deeper understanding of the demand for and effectiveness of gender equality policies, as well as their broader social and political implications.

Mots clés : policy evaluation gender quotas trust in institutions survey design

Participants :
- Université Bocconi (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 193643.28 €
Projet SO-Link (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

IPCC RCP projections indicate that Earth’s temperature will increase by 1-5°C by 2100, mainly in response to increasing anthropogenic CO2 and GHG emissions. Warming will particularly affect polar oceans (e.g. Southern Ocean (SO)) that uptake most of the anthropic CO2. Such unprecedented changes in the SO will in return strongly impact ocean-atmosphere gas exchange (lower CO2 uptake), SO-sourced ocean circulation (lower nutrient stocks) and marine biological production/diversity (lower phytoplankton stocks) through high-low latitude teleconnections, with strong repercussions on the global economy. However, RCP scenarios are mainly constrained by observational data that are too short in time to cover the full range of climate variability and, thus, to confidently forecast climate change. In this vein, the SO-Link project aims to investigate past oceanic conditions (sea-surface and deep ocean temperatures, ocean circulation, nutrient stocks) and biological variations (phytoplankton productivity and physiological state) in warmer-than-present mean climate states of the Plio-Pleistocene, as analogs of future conditions. To this goal, readily available and well-preserved sediment cores collected in 2019 in the Indian sector of the SO will be used. Innovative quantitative, geochemical and elemental investigations will be implemented on the two SO dominant phytoplankton groups (calcareous coccoliths and siliceous diatoms), based on the expertise of the applicant and host, respectively (at UBx). This knowledge is considered high priority by SCAR, IPCC, Horizon Europe, and UN Framework Conversion of Climate change, and it is in line with UN Decade of Ocean Science of the sustainable development program. The SO-Link project is of clear scientific, societal and policy relevance and will provide stakeholders (Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) for example) with unique information for comprehensive protection of SO biodiversity.

Mots clés : pliocene, pleistocene, diatoms, coccolithophores, co2, warming, calcification, silicification, rcp scenario, ipcc, climate change, phytoplankton

Participants :
- Université de Bordeaux (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 211754.88 €
Projet DROVE (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Ongoing climate change has altered both mean and short-term temporal variability of environmental conditions (such as temperature or food resources). While there is strong evidence that wild populations are deeply influenced by changes in the mean environmental conditions and respond accordingly (e.g., shifts in phenology, in species ranges), population responses to changes in the magnitude of environmental fluctuations are poorly understood. This knowledge is, however, crucial to better predict and anticipate climate change impacts on biodiversity. Hosted at the Institute of Mathematics of Bordeaux (University of Bordeaux), the project “DROVE” will be coordinated by Christie Le Coeur, a specialist in population ecology, who will benefit from the supervisor’s (Dr. F. Barraquand) expertise in ecological statistics and theory. This project aims to provide a robust statistical and theoretical framework to unravel the effects of changes in environmental variability on dynamics of wild populations, and to characterise the demographic mechanisms responsible for their persistence under climate change. This goal will be achieved by defining metrics to measure population persistence and demographic strategies in a variable but also density-dependent environment (when population growth slows down as population density increases) as previous work on variable environments has ignored this almost ubiquitous population regulation. The researcher will then build population models with data from long-term, individual-based population datasets of a well-studied species across Europe, the great tit (Parus major), to explain intra- and inter-population variations in demographic strategies and persistence in varying environments. Combining long-term empirical surveys with state-of-the-art model development, this project will provide statistical tools solidly grounded in population dynamics theory to understand environmental variability effects on wild populations under climate change.

Mots clés : bird climate change demographic buffering and lability density dependence ecology environmental variability integrated population model population ecology statistics

Participants :
- Université de Bordeaux (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195914.88 €
Projet OPALS (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

With the rapid evolution of Artificial Intelligence, distributed machine learning methods such as Federated Learning (FL) are becoming ubiquitous in present-day technology. In FL, devices train neural network models while data stays local. A central entity then aggregates the model updates into a global model. Split learning (SL) has been recently proposed as a way to enable resource-constrained devices to participate in this learning framework. In a nutshell, SL splits the model into parts, and allows clients (devices) to offload the largest part as a processing task to a computationally powerful helper (edge server, cloud, or other devices). Essentially, SL is a paradigm shift offering a more flexible version of FL that alleviates the load at the devices by better utilizing other available resources in the network. However, this method comes with optimization challenges since networking decisions need to be made in order to orchestrate the SL operations and overcome any communication overhead. Despite the increasing attention towards SL, current algorithms focus on minimizing the training time and improving on energy efficiency, without however bearing any performance guarantees. In order to make SL efficient, OPALS will fill this crucial gap by providing algorithms with provable guarantees. In particular, OPALS focuses on 3 main research axes. First, it studies the well-established problem of minimizing the training time, in search of the first algorithm with guarantees. Second, it seeks ways of leveraging SL to reduce the carbon footprint of distributed learning. Third, it investigates how SL could be employed in a decentralized setting in view of the increasing importance of swarm intelligence. OPALS will employ mathematical modelling and cutting-edge optimization methods to achieve these goals. As a result, OPALS will pave the way to better resource utilization, and thus, efficient SL exploitable for technological innovation.

Mots clés : split learning, federated learning, decentralized learning, approximation algorithms, carbon aware algorithms

Participants :
- Telefónica (Spain) (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 194074.56 €