Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet EarthSea (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The phenomenon of land subsidence in river deltas, the sinking of delta’s land surface due to the removal of underground resources, has become a global challenge due to the rise of sea levels, recurrent droughts, and invasive human activities, to the point that by 2040 it will affect almost one fifth of the global population. The accelerating land subsidence in river deltas has been the subject of renewed interest in hydrogeology and environmental policy, in response to a growing concern with the increasing exploitation of the subsoil, further aggravated by the natural gas crisis in Europe. Scientific studies have mostly analysed this phenomenon by focusing on hydrogeological and physical characteristics of the deltaic land. Meanwhile, recent environmental humanities scholars have noted the inadequacy of governmental institutions in managing precarious ecosystems affected by land subsidence. Few researchers, however, have thoroughly examined land subsidence through an interdisciplinary approach to analyse the role of cultural productions – such as cinema and literature – in shaping and giving voice to public understandings of land subsidence. Indeed, a comprehensive ecocritical study of land subsidence has not yet been done. As a result, the scholarship tends to consider the “natural” or “human” aspects of land subsidence in isolation, thus overlooking key, more comprehensive insights for environmental policy and river delta conservation. EarthSea will provide the first comprehensive ecocritical analysis of the ways in which contemporary literature, cinema, and media have actively shaped and contributed to past and present debates over land subsidence. The theoretical and methodological research portions of EarthSea will use Italy’s Po Delta as a case study. The Po Delta represents one of the most important anthropogenic river deltas in Europe and is the largest in Italy, covering 180 km2 and hosting hundreds of animal and vegetable species.

Mots clés : environmental humanities, italy

Participants :
- Université d'Oslo (Norvège) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 226751.04 €
- Université de Caroline du Nord à Chapel Hill (Etats-Unis) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet REXPO (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

REXPO investigates shifts in EU regulatory practices following the Covid-19 pandemic. To contrast the pandemic the EU has mobilised unconventional legal tools such as financial assistance, cohesion policy or soft-law coordination, which fundamentally deviate from the community-method as the traditional EU law-making process. REXPO analyses the impact of this post-pandemic landscape on EU governance. Its central research question asks how the EU response to the pandemic has changed the nature of EU regulation and how new regulatory practices have affected the EU institutional balance in general and EU executive power in particular. The project focuses on the relationship between executive power and the unconventional regulatory instruments mobilised to face the crisis. It resorts to four empirical case-studies encompassing: the temporary recovery instrument NextGenerationEU, the unemployment financing scheme SURE, the distribution of vaccines, and soft-law coordination in the field of health policy. As these tools are all steered by the Commission, REXPO argues that they have strengthened the Commission’s executive functions, while moving away from the Community Method. Using a historical institutionalist lens, REXPO defines this increase in the Commission’s executive power as “residual”, because it emerged as a secondary result of choices necessary to fight the pandemic and not from an intentional attribution of competences by political leaders. REXPO combines empirical and theoretical research and adopts an innovative interdisciplinary approach to shed light on the legal and political consequences of the pandemic for EU governance and, eventually, for its democratic legitimacy. Whereas scholarship has focused on the political impact of the crisis and on the legality of the measures adopted, these interstitial institutional changes have passed unnoticed. However, precisely these changes can trigger a transformation of EU executive governance.

Mots clés : nextgenerationeu eu law executive power eu institutional balance new modes of governance covid 19 community method historical institutionalism democratic legitimacy cohesion policy soft law

Participants :
- Hertie School (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 189687.36 €
Projet QUASAR (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Quantum computing is poised to break many of the limitations of conventional computing, which could help find solutions for many of the world’s most difficult problems, including climate change. However, while semiconductor diodes in conventional computers have developed in leaps and bounds over the past 70 years, our understanding of the components of quantum computers still remains quite basic. A major issue to be solved is the loss of quantum coherence, that is, maintaining the state needed to perform quantum computing on encoded information. A promising candidate is non-Abelian anyons, which encode quantum information in a topologically protected manner at the Fermi level, making them resistant to noise from environmental factors and defects that would cause decoherence. However, although tantalizing, these anyons lack unambiguous visualization and characterization, meaning there is controversy around their use. Employing pioneering scanned Andreev tunnelling microscopy (SATM), the QUASAR project aims to resolve anyons and probe their stability in a magnetic field. The fellow will utilize superconducting niobium tips to selectively distinguish topologically protected anyons in both engineered 2D hybrid and 3D intrinsic topological superconductors, across a variety of conditions. QUASAR will identify the critical field at which non-Abelian anyons remain unsplit, allowing the most stable to be identified. This will permit their potential for practical quantum computing to be assessed. QUASAR project will be hosted by Harvard University (outgoing phase), under the guidance of Prof. Hoffman, and then University College Cork (returning phase), under the mentorship of Prof. Davis. This international collaboration, with access to world-class expertise and state-of-the-art infrastructure, will enable cutting edge research, cementing the fellow’s research and professional development.

Mots clés : topological superconductors, non abelian anyons, low temperature physics, scanning tunneling microscopy, scanning tunneling spectroscopy

Participants :
- University College Cork (Irlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 450293.76 €
- Université Harvard (Etats-Unis) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet VenHisCred (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

VenHisCred is the first comprehensive and comparative analysis of the emergence of public credit as a subject for Venetian civic historiography. Examining the nexus between public credit, state formation, and historiography from the 13th to the 16th century, it asks why Venetian chroniclers started to include descriptions of public credit in narratives of the political past and investigates how they represented the relationship between state borrowing and state formation. Undertaken at the Department of Economic and Social History (WISO), University of Vienna (UNIVIE) with a training secondment at Harvard University, the project develops an innovative interdisciplinary approach combining digital corpus linguistics with close contextual reading to analyse the emergence of new discursive topics in large bodies of texts. In Venice, public credit was fundamental in raising emergency money for military expenditure. Whilst forced and voluntary loans and annuities funded state expansion, these credit instruments also enabled families to preserve wealth, ascend socially, and mobilize capital for welfare. However, we know little about Venetians’ own subjective understanding of the role of credit in political life. VenHisCred uncovers these ideas through Venice's vast corpus of chronicles. The project develops an innovative new methodology that uses digital text analysis and close reading to analyse this large corpus of texts. VenHisCred will make available a new digital corpus, a database of 2200 citizen creditors from newly discovered statistics, and result in a peer reviewed journal article on narrating public credit in medieval and early modern Venice.

Mots clés : fiscality, economic thought, renaissance

Participants :
- Université de Vienne (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 230184.72 €
- Université Harvard (Etats-Unis) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet EXPERIMENTAL (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Photoenzymes are rare biocatalysts that use the energy contained in photons to perform chemical reactions. To date, only one natural photocatalyst is known to have biotechnological applications; the Fatty Acid Photodecarboxylase (FAP), allowing the production of hydrocarbons from fatty acids. FAP belongs to a superfamily of enzymes called Glucose Methanol oxidoreductases (GMCox). Still, the FAP group is the only one known to perform photochemistry despite the high degree of structural similarity and presence of a photosensitive cofactor, Flavine Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD), in all GMCox. We reason that the GMCox family could have a latent photochemical function, and we would like to exploit it. Therefore, the objective of this project is to EXplore Photoinduced Enzyme pRomIscuity in the Glucose-Methanol-Choline oxidoreductase family to dEvelop New phoTocAtaLysts (EXPERIMENTAL). To this end, we will first test the photoinduced substrate promiscuity with different GMCox using an “accelerated serendipity” approach. In a second step, we will optimize the newly discovered photoenzymatic activity by directed evolution. Finally, the enzymatic mechanism will be characterized using different biophysics approaches, ranging from time-resolved spectroscopy to serial femtosecond crystallography. This project is inherently interdisciplinary, combining chemistry, biochemistry and biophysics to develop new photocatalysts for biotechnological purposes. For fundamental research these new photoenzymes will be an opportunity allowing the study of ultrafast processes that occur during catalysis and can only be observed with light-dependent enzymes such as electron and/or proton transfer, bond breaking ect. In fine, the goals of EXPERIMENTAL are to provide a better appreciation of the capabilities of enzymes and meet the demand for new and sustainable methods in organic synthesis by providing with the GMCox family a toolbox for the design of new light-driven reactions.

Mots clés : photoenzymes, radical chemistry, biocatalysis, directed evolution, flavoenzymes

Participants :
- Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 300441.6 €
- Université de Princeton (Etats-Unis) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet OFFSET (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Many governments are working towards decarbonising their economies, with the EU having set net-zero targets to be reached by 2050. At the moment, however, still about 70% of all the world’s power comes from burning fossil fuels (i.e. coal, oil, gas). It is clear that in order for these goals to be feasible and economically viable, the way we generate and use energy needs to change drastically. One way of addressing this challenge is research into novel, more advanced classes of quantum materials where, broadly speaking, new structural and electronic properties can start to emerge. Here, ferroelectrics are a leading candidate for achieving high-performance energy technologies. OFFSET aims to explore the potential of ferroelectric materials for future energy applications by focusing on one specific material class, nitride perovskites. While the properties of many nitride perovskite candidates have already been studied computationally, experimental realisations have been lacking, hindering potential applications. In order to achieve these goals, OFFSET aims to synthesise a number of structures using molecular-beam epitaxy. This will be combined with advanced characterisation techniques, including cryogenic and structural measurements as well as piezoresponse atomic-force and transmission electron microscopy, in order to assess their quality and quantify the piezoelectric/ ferroelectric response. At a later stage, OFFSET also aims to explore potential technological applications including uses as memories, photovoltaics and/or thermoelectrics. This will be achieved via an advanced nanofabrication programme, making use of the cleanroom facilities available at both project partners. With these efforts, OFFSET expects to acquire fundamental knowledge on the viability and feasibility of nitride perovskites for use in future energy technologies.

Mots clés : ferroelectrics nitride perovskites molecular beam epitaxy nanofabrication energy technologies

Participants :
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 261380.64 €
- Université Harvard (Etats-Unis) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet brightLINK (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Nature exploits transient self-assembled architectures that require a continuous input of energy to express functional properties across length scales. The development of synthetic mimics of such non-equilibrium systems provides access to innovative materials with life-like properties, which respond to external stimuli while adapting their structure. However, the production of macroscopic building blocks that self-assemble under dissipative conditions to display emergent functionalities remains an ongoing challenge. This multidisciplinary project aims to create a macroscopic self-assembling system that shows communication between the constituent artificial building blocks under dissipative conditions. In particular, swimmers that self-assemble under light irradiation are exploited as a minimalistic model of responsive macroscopic matter with dissipative characteristics. Light induces the swimmer locomotion, concomitantly providing energy to allow the anchoring between them. Thanks to a reaction-diffusion network, a successful connection is signalled by fluorescence emission confined at the interface of the interlinked swimmers. Due to the nonequilibrium state, the fluorescence is maintained when light is removed and the assembled structure slowly relaxes back to individual entities (no emission). Upon re-establishing the illumination, the cycle is repeated. These results make a leap from passive building blocks to dynamic molecular systems to macroscopic functional matter with embedded networks. This MSCA project will be performed at the Aizenberg and Prins groups, where I will enrich his scientific background with acquired knowledge in adaptive materials and dissipative systems. Moreover, I will improve my leadership, management and teaching skills with the proposed training activities and by closely working with both Supervisors. Ultimately, this MSCA will allow me to become an established researcher in a highly competitive scientific environment.

Mots clés : macroscopic assembly, dissipative conditions, communication, life like behaviour, synthetic biology

Participants :
- Université de Padoue (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 265099.2 €
- Université Harvard (Etats-Unis) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet Place and Empire (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

‘Place and Empire’ investigates the relationship between medieval Irish topographical literature and the development of medieval Irish imperialism and anti-colonialism. This project shows that Irish topographical literature--known as "dindshenchas"--has always been a political tool, and that was initially cultivated to translate ideas of classical imperialism onto an Irish landscape. Using the Latin epic tradition, Irish literati conceptualised Irish imperialism by composing origin narratives which validated authority over places. Between the 9th and 12th centuries, these ideas were encoded into narratives about politically significant places under the patronage of dominant Irish dynasties. In the wake of the Anglo-Norman invasion in the 12th century, the imperial impulse turned anti-colonial, as Irish topography was co-opted as an intellectual bulwark against colonial rule. The political use of Irish topography also finds parallels in contemporary medieval Welsh sources dealing with Ireland. These sources foreshadow British imperialist designs and illustrate how Ireland’s colonial ‘othering’ by its neighbour was articulated through topography. Irish topography was similarly connected to British colonial practices in the 19th century since the modern reception of the topographical literature began as part of an Irish Ordnance Survey project in the 1830s, under the auspices of the military branch of the British Empire. Engagement with places in reaction to major political shifts is not an exclusively medieval phenomenon. Watershed events like Brexit or the war in Ukraine challenge our notion of the immutability of modern European borders and conjure the spectre of imperialism anew. The recent trend which sees Welsh heritage sites adopting their original Welsh names, and the tabling of the question of Irish unity, are different reflexes of the same concern with places among the Irish and British public.

Mots clés : medieval ireland, classicism, medieval literature, imperialism, epic, wales, placenames

Participants :
- Université rhénane Frédéric-Guillaume de Bonn (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 265647.84 €
- Université Harvard (Etats-Unis) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet TranslocScreen (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

During differentiation, dramatic changes occur in the biochemical processes and the architecture of cells. The subcellular localization of proteins greatly impacts their function and also the transformations during cell differentiation are accompanied or facilitated by protein translocation. In the proposed research project, I want to systematically study how proteins translocate during the differentiation from neuronal stem cells into neurons and astrocytes. To this end, I aim to develop a general and efficient screening method for protein translocation during cell differentiation. I envision to identify protein translocation behavior that is essential for neurodevelopment and direct reprogramming, which I plan to confirm in brain organoids, which include diverse cell types. Additionally, I want to study the underlying mechanisms both initiating and initiated by protein translocation. The method will be based on fluorescence microscopy, which will allow me to observe the dynamics of protein localization in living, differentiating cells. To increase the efficiency of the screening approach, I want to implement a recently published multiplexing strategy, temporally multiplexed imaging (TMI). This method uses the photo-switching kinetics of the utilized fluorescent protein (FP) labels to deconvolute up to 6 signals in a single spectral channel. In this way, I can label several proteins per cell multiplying the efficiency of the method and enabling the screening of a large panel of proteins. I will label these proteins with TMI-compatible FPs through gene editing. Imaging of the edited cells throughout the differentiation process and subsequent automated image analysis will identify translocating proteins. The gained mechanistic knowledge about neuronal cell differentiation will improve our basic understanding of this process eventually facilitating the development of improved disease models as well as medical applications such as reprogramming.

Mots clés : cell differentiation, protein translocation, multiplexed fluorescence imaging, multiplexed gene editing

Participants :
- Helmholtz Zentrum München (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 266987.28 €
- Institut de technologie du Massachusetts (Etats-Unis) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet MACROQC (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Mathematics
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Physical systems can be approached at microscopic and macroscopic levels. The former are described in terms of elementary constituents and fundamental interactions, e.g., Newton's theory of classical mechanics, Schrödinger's equation in quantum mechanics and Einstein's general theory of relativity. Although a microscopic description is often very accurate, it is usually not well suited for calculations because of the large number of degrees of freedom. On the other hand, a macroscopic description of the system takes into account only effective interactions, which arise from the collective behaviour of the system and are of interest to the `observer'. Such a description is less accurate, but much more accessible for calculations. Because of the great importance of effective macroscopic theories for making qualitative and quantitative predictions about the behaviour of physical systems, a major goal of statistical mechanics is to understand their emergence from microscopic theories. In this project, we propose a novel approach that generalizes the derivation of macroscopic evolution equations.  The overarching main scientific objective of this project is: to develop a mathematical framework based on resolvent algebras in which effective macroscopic evolution equations can be rigorously derived.  Despite the fact that many theoretical studies have been devoted to this derivation, most results are based on ad-hoc methods. This project generalizes these by introducing an algebraic setting based on resolvent algebras. These algebras have both a classical and quantum counterpart and form an excellent setting to study many-body interacting systems. Although resolvent algebras have already proved successful in other studies, the new challenge is to exploit their structure to derive effective macroscopic evolution equations.

Mots clés : resolvent algebras, macroscopic limit, effective evolution equations, quantization theory

Participants :
- Université Radboud de Nimègue (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 232916.16 €