Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet Redox in macrophages (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Macrophages are key players of the innate immune system and as such maintain homeostasis, initiate inflammatory and redox responses for pathogen defence, but also regulate resolution of inflammation. Supporting these functions are distinct metabolic programmes, which underlie macrophage functional phenotypes. While recent advances have improved the understanding of macrophage metabolic programmes supporting specific activation states, it remains unclear how the redox system is regulated in macrophage activation states and during pathogen defence. Here, I propose to investigate how redox adaptation is regulated during macrophage activation and its impact on functional phenotypes. I will focus on the following three aims: Firstly, I will quantify expression of cystine transporter SLC7A11, which, by importing cystine supports glutathione and coenzyme A synthesis. This will allow a better understanding of the role of cysteine during redox adaptation in comparison to the well-known heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Secondly, I will disrupt key regulators of redox adaptation, including SLC7A11 and HO-1 to investigate their effect on macrophage functional phenotype. This will identify key nodes for redox adaptation in different macrophage activation states. Thirdly, I will investigate the temporal profile of electrophilic stress and redox adaptation in response to macrophage activation and during bacterial infection. Overall, this project will contribute to the detailed understanding of redox adaptation during macrophage activation, which is essential for pathogen defence and protection from oxidative stress. Furthermore, identification of new drug targets for redox regulation in macrophages would provide the basis for novel therapies for oxidative stress induced pathologies.

Mots clés : macrophages, redox system, immunometabolism

Participants :
- Société Max-Planck pour le développement des sciences (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 173847.36 €
Projet GLmelt (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Ice shelf melting and retreat are accelerating in polar regions because the warm off-shore waters are gaining greater access to the base of ice shelves. Warm waters have the potential of reaching the grounding line and thereby melting it causing the retreat of the full ice shelf, resulting in elevated rates of ice discharge into polar seas and sea level rise. The interconnection between ocean conditions, warming, and ice melting in ice-shelf cavities is poorly understood due to the paucity of observations and turbulence-resolving simulations. This knowledge gap hinders future projections of ice changes and makes it impossible to predict if and when tipping points will be crossed within the 21st century, as their timing critically depends on the details of ice-ocean interactions. GLmelt aims to fill the critical knowledge gap pertaining to the relationship between ice melting rate and ocean conditions by running numerical simulations capable of resolving turbulence. They focus on near-grounding-line regions where ice sheet sensitivity to ice melting is greatest. GLmelt objectives are: 1. Developing an open-source numerical model capable of resolving under-ice ocean dynamics near grounding lines 2. Investigating melt rate distributions considering a range of ice-shelf cavity configurations found in nature 3. Investigating how the characteristic melt rate distributions vary with problem parameters in quiescent ocean conditions 4. Quantifying the effect of long-shore currents 5. Organizing a workshop reviewing state-of-the-art knowledge in dynamical processes controlling basal ice melting and guiding practices in choosing melting parameterizations GLmelt will enable the candidate fellow to deliver high-impact research outcomes to the research community, environmental policymakers, and the public while receiving high-quality training from world-leading institutes in hydrodynamic turbulence and polar sciences, which will help him secure a permanent research position.

Mots clés : ocean dynamics, ice shelf grounding line, ice shelf cavity, ice ocean interaction, basal melting parameterization, ocean turbulence, sea level rise, climate change, large eddy simulation

Participants :
- UK Research and Innovation (Royaume-Uni) — Partner, associated partner, Recherche, subvention : 0.0 €
- École normale supérieure de Lyon (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 211754.88 €
Projet TAXMORALBIAS (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

It is believed that high tax morale delivers higher tax compliance. However, it can also foster social desirability bias when respondents feel pressure to provide morally accepted – even if untrue – answers. This research project offers to understand how tax morale fosters social desirability bias and seeks ways to reduce the size of shadow economy. Using a novel experimental methodology, it will provide more precise measurement and behavioural insights of tax evasion in three European countries with different institutional settings and tax morale. The project proposes to carry out a list experiment that has been recently exploited in social research studies to mitigate the bias in responses to sensitive questions. The list experiment will be carried out in three European countries with a different setting: (1) with high tax morale and high compliance (Denmark), (2) with high tax morale and low compliance (Italy); (3) with low tax morale and low compliance (Latvia). The findings from the list experiment will be used to carry out a field experiment with the State Revenue Service of Latvia to integrate research findings in real-world setting and develop tools to fight shadow economy. As such, this research project will deliver a deeper understanding of tax morale and will offer useful policy recommendation with respect to the shadow economy and its characteristics in Europe.

Mots clés : tax evasion, shadow economy, tax morale, social bias, list experiment

Participants :
- Collegio Carlo Alberto (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 188590.08 €
Projet AGREVOLUTION (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The Neolithic Agricultural Revolution marked the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture around 10,000 years ago. As humans began to cultivate crops, they could develop social organizations larger than kinship, with long-lasting consequences. Researchers from distinct disciplines have explored the causes of the Agricultural Revolution, focusing on ecological and institutional factors. This project proposes and tests an unexplored cause of this remarkable shift in mode of subsistence: the abundance of small relative to large animals, an ecological feature that may have encouraged uncooperative hunting and private property, an institutional development posited to have favored the shift to agriculture.

Mots clés : inequality property rights cooperation conflict long run persistence

Participants :
- Collegio Carlo Alberto (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 209483.28 €
Projet PILSEN (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : SIGNED

As the society’s need for energy is increasing, climate change points towards the need of finding sustainable renewable energy sources. Biogas holds the potential to replace natural gas as energy carrier, thus reducing the reliance on fossil fuels while introducing renewables as drop-in solution to existing infrastructure. However, existing technologies for the removal of carbon dioxide from biogas are energy intensive and considerably decrease the overall efficiency of biomethane as energy carrier. The aim of the project Porous Ionic Liquids for Sustainable Energy (PILSEN) is to improve the energy efficiency of biomethane production from biogas while lowering the carbon footprint. We will achieve this by capturing carbon dioxide during the purification of biogas and using it as a source of carbon. We propose to develop a versatile chemical platform for carbon dioxide removal from biogas, together with the subsequent conversion to value-added chemicals. This chemical platform will be based on porous ionic liquids, which are a new and promising class of materials for processes involving gases. Preliminary results confirm that porous ionic liquids show carbon capture performances similar to benchmark technologies allowing for simultaneous capture and utilization with minimum energy cost. The design flexibility and low environmental impact of ionic liquids bears great potential for the tuneability of our chemical platform. Hence, we will combine theoretical and experimental approaches to identify porous ionic liquids suitable for carbon capture and conversion including the energy-efficient isolation of products.

Mots clés : carbon capture and utilisation biogas upgrading

Participants :
- École normale supérieure de Lyon (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195914.88 €
Projet PowR (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Plant diseases lower crop yields significantly, and thereby threaten food-security worldwide. Powdery mildew fungi is a severe pathogen on numerous food-crops. Generating food-crops resistant to these fungi would be a major step forward in the continuous fight between plants and pathogens, and it would tip the balance in the favor of food-security. The proposed project will majorly contribute to this goal by elucidating the immunity related processes occurring upon fungal infection and will allow to develop breeding strategies to heighten plant immunity. The barley powdery mildew fungus (Blumeria hordei) causes disease by secreting hundreds of effector proteins into the barley tissue. One of the hallmarks of immunity is the formation of a structure called papilla, at the site of fungal penetration, which limit the damage to the plant. Evolutionary adapted fungi can easily overcome this. However, the pathway for secretion of proteins and other components to the papilla is not well understood. There is thus a need to increase our understanding of how this secretion process occurs during immunity. My host lab has uncovered that the membrane trafficking leading to papilla formation occurs by novel mechanisms not previously studied in plants. In the proposed project, I will explore this highly complex field by identifying a list of fungal effectors which target this pathway, and I will use these effectors to find specific components of it. Ceramides are predicted to play a role in the secretion of extracellular vesicles during this papilla formation in mammals, therefore, I will additionally take a targeted approach to characterize their role in plants. My strong background and solid track-record, the expertise and experience of the host supervisor, together with the infrastructure and encouraging scientific atmosphere at the host department will synergistically maximise the output of the proposed project, and develop and diversify my skills as an independent researcher.

Mots clés : extracellular vesicles, fungal pathogen, blumeria hordei, barley

Participants :
- Université de Copenhague (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 214934.4 €
Projet GTGBS (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Quantum computation holds promise for enormous advancements in human's computational power. Among various possible approaches, quantum computation in the optical continuous-variable (CV) platform offers room-temperature compatibility and unprecedented potential for scalability into millions of entangled modes. However, the platform needs to demonstrate its power in practical applications and in encoding qubits that are compatible with fault-tolerant computational architectures. Here, I propose the GTGBS project, which paves the way for addressing these challenges by realising the Gaussian boson sampling (GBS) protocol to leverage the computational power of the platform. The major improvement of the GTGBS project is that it will use the gate teleportation technique in CV quantum optics to replace the large interferometer array in the current realisations of GBS with a simple measurement–feed-forward structure. The GTGBS project is expected to overcome the effect of photon losses in the interferometer that has a significant detrimental effect on the scalability of GBS experiments. Meanwhile, it has excellent compatibility with the measurement-based quantum computation architecture, a promising technical route to realise fault-tolerant quantum computation in the CV optical platform. The GTGBS project has a high potential impact: by improving the performance of the GBS experiments, the developed setup will acquire the computational power to solve practical, interdisciplinary problems like combinatorial optimisation and drug design. Furthermore, the setup can serve as a resource state preparator for fault-tolerant CV quantum computation. It is thus plausible that the GTGBS project will make a solid contribution to the development of quantum technology and provide several practical applications in industry.

Mots clés : optical quantum computing, boson sampling, measurement based quantum computing, quantum information with continuous variables

Participants :
- Université technique du Danemark (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 230774.4 €
Projet Age-Adapt (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Europe faces significant challenges, such as an ageing population, shortage of energy, and climate change. As elderly people's physical and adaptive abilities decline, their needs for health and comfort in the indoor environment rise. The gradually expanding elderly population may result in increased building energy consumption and a higher carbon footprint. However, indoor comfort standards are usually targeted at healthy young populations and address singular domain environment. Little knowledge is in the literature about how to balance well-being and energy consumption in multi-domain indoor environments (thermal, visual, acoustic and indoor air quality) for older adults. This knowledge gap has motivated Age-Adapt. We aim to improve well-being and minimize energy consumption by comprehending the adaptive cycles for elderly people in the multi-domain indoor environments , enabling us to propose adaptive strategies. A three-stage hierarchical research methodology combining living lab experiments with fixed and adjustable environmental conditions and field investigations will be created, allowing to: 1. Assess the effects of multi-domain indoor environments on the physiological, behavioural, and psychological adaptation of older adults. 2. Assess the role of physiological, psychological, and energy consumption benefits after behaviours have occurred. 3. Create models, evaluations, and strategies for adaptive comfort in indoor multi-domain environments for older adults at different health levels. The impact of Age-Adapt on the scientific community, industry and the general public will be significant and sustainable: it will offer input into the establishment of indoor environmental design standards and behavioral adaptation guidelines for elderly people, drive the development of products for indoor environmental comfort and health management, and contribute to the goals of healthy aging and climate neutrality.

Mots clés : adaptive comfort well being elderly indoor environment health multi domain occupant behavior

Participants :
- Université technique du Danemark (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 214934.4 €
Projet VibroZyme (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Redox enzymes are a diverse enzyme class with significant industrial potential, improving sustainability in food, fuel and CO2 conversion. However, redox enzymes need a source of energy (electrons) to power their important reactions. While nature employs electrons transferred from “cofactors” (e.g. NAD(P)H) to drive redox biocatalysis, industry translation requires the addition of sacrificial chemicals, which increases cost, waste, and purification, and impedes scalability. This project aims to develop a new method to power redox enzymes using mechanical energy and piezoelectric materials, establishing a unique research field in mechanoredox biocatalysis. Inspired by natural mechanotransduction, where living systems convert mechanical stimuli into electrochemical activity, I will employ mechanoredox materials to transform ubiquitous vibrational energy from the environment into a sustainable supply of electrons to power redox biocatalysis. I will demonstrate this technology by coupling scalable piezoelectric-polymer composites with formate dehydrogenase (FDH) as a model enzyme, for vibration-powered CO2 reduction.  First, I will design, construct and optimise piezo-polymer beads and films that generate a mechanoredox potential matched to redox enzymes. Next, I will couple these materials with FDH to catalyse CO2 reduction using vibrations from pumping as mechanical stimulus. Two routes will be explored, namely mediated and direct energy transfer (MET and DET) from the stimulated mechanoredox materials, culminating in a platform technology for exploiting redox enzymes in industry. I will gain extensive scientific and transferable skills from the team of Prof. Anne Meyer at DTU and my industry partner Novozymes to support my career development, including enzyme production and immobilization, and commercialisation. VibroZyme embodies a new strategy to enhance the scalability, sustainability and productivity of redox biomanufacturing, with immense commercial potential.

Mots clés : piezocatalysis

Participants :
- Université technique du Danemark (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 230774.4 €
Projet FIRSTDUST (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

We are at a tipping point where unveiling the nature of distant dust-obscured galaxies and the formation of the first proto-clusters in our Universe is finally possible thanks to recent advances in multi-wavelength astronomy. Taking advantage of a unique ensemble of deep, large-area data sets from the far-infrared (FIR) to radio wavelengths in the COSMOS and H20 fields, I propose the project FIRSTDUST (Far-Infrared to Radio Search for disTant Dust-obscUred galaxies and STructures) that will provide: a complete characterization of the dust-obscured star-formation rate density (SFRD) at z = 2–6, and robust constraints on the contribution of previously undiscovered galaxy (proto)clusters to the SFRD. FIRSTDUST will also deliver the census of dusty star forming galaxies and proto-clusters, providing invaluable targets for the upcoming next-generation telescopes (e.g. JWST, E-ELT). I have unique expertise on producing multi-wavelength photometric catalogs by synthesizing data from IR and radio telescopes, and sophisticated data processing and measurement skills with (sub)mm interferometry (ALMA, NOEMA and ATCA). G. Magdis’ group at DTU Space has exclusive access to JWST MIRI GTO data and unique expertise to support the analysis with the FIR+(sub)mm data. The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) has been constructing the largest, exclusive access data sets in the IR side and leading the 50 square degree DAWN survey, which is essential to this project. My dedicated work at DTU & DAWN is thus the best synergy to realize the proposed project.

Mots clés : galaxy, galaxy cluster, high redshift, dust emission, far infrared, radio

Participants :
- Université technique du Danemark (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 230774.4 €
Projet HiPIMS-Fmemories (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Data centres running artificial intelligence AI and machine-learning workloads significantly impact climate change due to their massive electricity consumption. The urgent need for sustainable solutions has highlighted the potential of emerging ferroelectric random-access memories (FRAMs), particularly HfO2-based FRAMs. These devices offer low power consumption and fast switching speeds, making them ideal for energy-efficient data storage technologies. However, achieving stable and uniform ferroelectric properties in HfO2-based thin films requires the precise engineering of strain and defects under specific conditions. Overcoming these technical challenges is crucial for the widespread adoption of the FRAM technology to help mitigating the environmental impacts of data centres. I aim to tackle these challenges by proposing metal-ion-based magnetron sputtering strategies. HiPIMS-Fmemories will enable the growth of HfZrO2 thin films (as a model HfO2-based material system) with specific polar phases and nanocolumnar structures, essential for achieving uniform, enhanced ferroelectricity. HiPIMS-Fmemories will deliver: (1) fabrication of high-quality thin films using high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) and the effects of metal-ion irradiation on metastable domains and material properties, (2) rapid, energy-efficient ferroelectric switching by optimising key metal-ion parameters, (3) enhanced understanding of the relationship between polarisation responses and resistive switching arising from ionic-conduction effects, and (4) device fabrication and testing. These fabrication solutions can also be applicable for other ferroelectric thin-film materials. Overall, this research aims to represent a significant advancement in developing sustainable and efficient FRAM technologies.

Mots clés : sputtering, hipims, hybrid co sputtering, ion solid interactions, energetic metal ions, device materials, functional oxides, ferroelectrics, resistive switching, heterostructures, ionic conductors

Participants :
- Université technique du Danemark (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 263393.28 €