Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet JELLYPACTS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Social and scientific concern about jellyfish (JF) blooms has risen over the past decades. This concern is reflected on the number of reports on JF; since 1941 the number of scientific publications on JF has doubled each decade, whilst news reports have increased by over 500% over the past two decades. Aggregations of JF can cause multitude of problems for different sectors of society; including the fishing industry and tourism. There is no doubt that the combination of a growing human population and the increasing use of the marine environment will lead to higher encounter rates between JF and humans. To add to the concern, there has been a heated scientific debate on whether JF populations might be on the rise. However, regardless of whether JF populations are increasing, there are no easy solutions to manage all the problems associated with JF blooms. Therefore, there is an urgent need to focus research objectives towards understanding the potential of a suite of management strategies to tackle current impacts of JF over ecosystem services. There are many existing strategies for managing JF blooms however, these are mostly economically expensive and thus, there is a need to evaluate whether the costs of implementing particular management policies will offset the costs of JF impacts. In order to device cost-effective management strategies, a focus on the interdisciplinary nature of JF impacts that includes ecological, social and economic aspects such as the associated loss of people’s wellbeing is of critical importance. Unfortunately, there is a knowledge gap on the socioeconomic impacts of JF and estimates are sparse and qualitative. The project proposed here has the overall goal to further the knowledge of the existing interactions between jellyfish and society by assessing the economic and social impacts stemming from their presence and the integration of this newfound knowledge into adaptive management policies.

Mots clés : jellyfish, socioeconomics, impacts, integrated coastal zone management, wellbeing, valuation, policy, mediterranean, mitigation measures, adaptability

Participants :
- Spanish National Research Council (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 170121.6 €
Projet NBUCA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Social cognition impairments, including deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used in daily life interactions are considered to be among the core deficits associated with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). So far, these deficits have been traditionally studied by using non-realistic stimuli embedded in abstract tasks. These tasks are not good models of the world because they lack the context of everyday-life situations. Although contextual processing during action comprehension has been extensively studied in other disorders (e.g. schizophrenia), much less is known about the role that it plays in ASD. Strikingly, those few studies that have used more ecological paradigms in which contextual information was given have shown that ASD individuals are able to improve their ability in reading out other’s actions. Therefore, a broader explanation of ASD which considers the influence that context, as an intrinsic part of social cognition, has on this disorder is timely and clearly required. The general aim of NBUCA is to study the neural and behavioral underpinnings of contextual modulations in ASD during action comprehension and answer many challenging questions: a) Do children and young adults with ASD have a general deficit in integrating context and behavior? If this is true, b) Does this deficit relies more on the processing of social or non-social contextual cues (or both)? Given this, an ecological context-dependent social cognition paradigm will be designed and further implemented in a set of experiments combining behavioral and psychological measures with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Overall, we expect that by enhancing contextual information ASD individuals will improve their ability in comprehending others’ actions. Together, our findings will provide novel insights on the impact that context has on ASD. This will be of clinical relevance for developing a more ecological framework that includes contextual sensitivity evaluation and treatment.

Mots clés : autism spectrum disorders, social impairments, context, action comprehension, ecological, paradigm, transcranial magnetic stimulation, transient virtual lesions, corticospinal excitability

Participants :
- University of Udine (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 180277.2 €
Projet WORKRETHINK (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Social critics have observed how, since the 1970s, many forms of work have become increasingly redundant due to technological advances. At the same time, Europe has witnessed economic crises, financialization, growing inequality and debt, yet also responses to these phenomena in, for example, movements advocating debt relief and a citizens’ basic income. These issues have become particularly acute in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis. In France since the crisis there has been an increase in rhetoric surrounding the notion of work as well as many films engaging with this issue. My project will investigate the contemporary French critique of economy and how film and other audio-visual media have been used to communicate that critique. Responses to the crisis by intellectuals and filmmakers often involve a reconceptualization of work. A key focus will be to investigate the communicability of complex philosophical, economic and sociological ideas through films and other audio-visual media. This will encompass the appearance of intellectuals and their ideas in such forms as documentary, fiction, art film and satire, but also the use of online pedagogical videos by such individuals. Setting such ideas and media in their social, political and historical context, I will also report findings on the reception of these phenomena. While previous research on work in film has tended to focus on industrial labour, I want to make an intervention in the field by looking at contemporary forms of work, especially that of the financial sector which generally remains hidden from public view. I will develop my skills at the host institution, where cutting-edge academic work on film is being conducted, while France more generally is the site of the texts I shall study and whose authors I hope to interview. Outputs will include screenings, seminars, journal articles and a conference. These will galvanize interest and help improve understanding of an urgent problem affecting Europe.

Mots clés : work, film, philosophy, europe, economy

Participants :
- Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3 (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 173076.0 €
Projet INTERHYTHM (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Social interactions are ubiquitous and our globalized society challenges us with increasingly complex social environments. Yet, evolution has equipped humans with a unique capacity to navigate our social worlds, namely the capacity for rhythmic interpersonal coordination. Despite its relevance, social neuroscience studies have largely ignored this phenomenon, due to methodological constraints inherent in the nature of social interaction. In light of new technological advancements, however, the overarching aims of the proposed project are: (1) to implement an interdisciplinary psychological and neuroscientific approach and a novel experimental methodology that combines Virtual Reality (VR) and functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS), in order to (2) understand how social interaction is both expressed in and shaped by rhythmic interpersonal coordination on both a behavioural and a neural level, and to (3) determine whether individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developed individuals differ in their capacity to rhythmically coordinate their motor actions. Thus, the proposed interdisciplinary project combines social psychology research with technical virtual reality innovations and envisages behavioural (synchroneous tapping paradigm), neuroimaging (fNIRS) and clinical (ASD) implementations. It will result in a high-quality scientific programme with long-term potential, by laying the groundwork for the adoption of the concept of “Social Interaction Rhythms” in social neuroscience.

Mots clés : social interaction, neuroimaging, fnirs, virtual reality, interpersonal coordination, rhythm, synchronization

Participants :
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet LODALORD (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Social scientists have long studied the effects of population diversity on society. The research project proposed here breaks new ground in multiple dimensions by rigorously estimating the long-run effects of (i) local population diversity, (ii) individual diversity, and (iii) the interaction between these two concepts, on comparative socioeconomic performance across locations and lineages within a country. Through a combination of two extensive high-quality databases covering the complete genealogy of more than five million individuals living in Quebec, spanning its settlement in the 16th century up to present day, as well an immense database covering more than 43 million worldwide individuals, I will analyze the effects of diversity using measures of diversity that are well-established in the field of quantitative genetics. The project will deliver the first within-country long-run investigations involving local and individual diversity. First, I hypothesize that the diversity of an individual’s ancestors has a significant effect on the productivity of that individual as well as his descendants. In particular, I hypothesize that individuals from more diverse lineages were more capable of adjusting to changing economic conditions, finding new productive niches, and thus raising that individual’s income. Second, I hypothesize that the negative effects of diversity found on the country level are less operative within a country. Thus, I expect to find that local population diversity has had a monotonically positive effect on long-run development within a country. Third, I hypothesize that there is an interaction effect between population-level and individual-level diversity. Thus, I suggest that the effect of individual diversity is affected by the diversity of the locality in which the individual is situated. In particular, I hypothesize that there is a greater benefit to individual diversity in less diverse localities.

Mots clés : long run economic growth, economic growth and comparative development, diversity and development

Participants :
- University of Copenhagen (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 260227.8 €
- Brown University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet HYDRA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Doctoral Networks - Industrial Doctorates
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Societal uses for the drilling of deep wells are abundant and have enormous impact on global economies; examples include the exploration of minerals, geothermal energy, oil and gas. The future sustainable harvesting of these resources requires the exploitation of difficult-to-access, unconventional reserves and is threatened by concerns on the environmental safety and high cost of drilling operations. To overcome these threats, there are strong needs for advanced tools for virtual drilling scenario testing and drilling automation and for multidisciplinary employees with adequate technical and transferable skills. The HYDRA EID research and training program addresses both needs by founding an intersectoral doctoral school. The consortium represents top-level expertise in all scientific and engineering disciplines needed to take on the main challenges of HYDRA: multiphase flow dynamics, model reduction, control and mathematics. Moreover, the consortium houses expertise ranging from academic research & training (TU/e, MINES) and industrial R&D (Kelda) to industrial practice and training (MH Wirth, Well Academy), therewith offering a broad spectrum of training. The scientific objective of HYDRA is to develop a framework for multi-phase hydraulic modeling and model complexity reduction for drilling operations, delivered in software directly usable in industry. The resulting models uniquely combine high predictive capacity and low complexity enabling their usage in both virtual drilling scenario testing and drilling automation. The main training objective is to launch 3 doctoral students into future leading scientific positions with an intersectoral network to support them throughout their careers. The envisioned results form the necessary basis for revolutionary advances in the (environmental) safety and cost-effectiveness of resource exploration in Europe and beyond and will provide the human capital base for sustaining such efforts beyond this program’s lifetime.

Mots clés : drilling automation, multi phase flow dynamics, modelling, model reduction

Participants :
- Eindhoven University of Technology (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 510748.56 €
- École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris (France) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 262875.6 €
- Kelda Drilling Controls (Norway) (Norvège) — Partner, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 0.0 €
Projet IRESCO (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Society worldwide is more exposed to seismic hazards due to rapid population growth and urbanization. Since the turn of the millennium, fatalities due to earthquakes were over 60,000/year, with a $300 billion/year estimated direct economic loss. Recent major earthquakes (China 2008, Haiti 2010, Lorca 2011, Japan 2012, Nepal 2015) have highlighted yet again the vulnerability of the existing substandard building stock in Europe as well as in developing countries, mainly due to inappropriate design and poor construction practices. Although new technologies, such as Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRP), are effective for strengthening substandard structures, their high material cost is an obstacle for their widespread application, especially in developing countries. This project aims to develop an innovative and economic strengthening solution by using a novel mortar-based composite (R-SRG), which comprises of recycled high strength steel cords, by-product of tyre recycling, embedded in an inorganic grout matrix. This novel technique can be efficiently used for flexural, axial and shear strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) members and it is cost effective (more than 40% cheaper than using FRP), fire resistant, sustainable, and has low environmental impact. While proof of concept studies by the applicant have demonstrated the efficiency of the SRG technique, this project bridges the knowledge gap by developing fundamental understanding, design-oriented models and performance-based design guidelines so that this new technique can be introduced in practice. The outcomes of this project will lead to a new generation of low-cost and efficient retrofitting systems for deteriorated or seismically deficient structures with high impact on both economy and society.

Mots clés : performance based design, earthquake engineering, novel composite material, strengthening, retrofitting, recycling tyres, sustainability

Participants :
- University of Sheffield (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet PHOEBUS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Solar energy is forecast to cover an important fraction of the world’s energy necessities over the next century. The energy captured from sunlight will be used to drive photovoltaic cells or to produce solar fuels, thus Scientists must learn how to harvest, transfer and store it efficiently. In this framework, the PHOEBUS project aims at providing the design of innovative chemical structures (molecular circuits) that can control in sophisticated ways the flow of excitation energy. The project focuses on bio-inspired molecular circuits, where several light-absorbing molecules are linked together to form antenna systems displaying ultrafast electronic energy transfer (EET). We aim to identify and understand how coherent effects can direct, control, and optimize energy flow after photo-excitation. PHOEBUS will answer to the following questions: (i) does coherence radically change excitation transport compared to incoherent hopping of excitation? (ii) how can we design chemical structures that use coherence in light harvesting? Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) is the ideal experimental tool to track EET and unveil coherent couplings in multi-chromophoric complexes. This optical technique is at the frontier of ultrafast spectroscopy. We will develop a 2DES apparatus using sub-10fs optical pulses and we will use it to determine the quantum-chemical rules guiding ultrafast EET in these innovative systems. The combination of femtosecond nonlinear spectroscopy, quantum chemical calculations, and chemical synthesis will contribute to the ultimate ambitious goal of changing the way artificial light-harvesting technologies are designed.

Mots clés : energy transfer control molecular citcuits ultrashort pulses bidimensional electronic spectroscopy solar harvesting lartificial complexes bio inspired

Participants :
- Politecnico di Milano (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 244269.0 €
- Princeton University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet SESPer (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Solar energy, attractive source of energy being it free and endless, can be converted into electricity by means of a Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plant. However, the biggest limit of such technology is the intermittency and the diurnal nature of the solar light. For their future development, CSP plants need to be coupled with storage system. Among the existing thermal storage systems, the ThermoChemical Storage (TCS) is one of the most promising technology and it is based on the exploitation of the reaction heat of a reversible chemical reaction. Just recently, perovskite systems have drawn increasing interest as promising candidates for TCS systems. Perovskites are generally indicated as ABO3, with A and B the two cations of the structure and with O the oxygen. They exhibit a continuous, quasi-linear oxygen release/uptake within a very wide temperature range. Their reduction being endothermic consists in the heat storage step, while the exothermic oxidation releases heat when it is required. The overall objective of the proposal is to study more earth abundant compositions (Ca-, Fe-, Mn- or Co-based) of perovskites for identifying one or more promising candidate storage medium for the design and the realization of a prototype of a multilevel-cascaded TCS system. It aims at solving the no-easy solution problem of the wide temperature range to be covered by a TCS system for CSP plant by using perovskites with different operating temperatures cascaded from the lowest operating temperature to the maximum one. As main result it could bring the TCS systems to a level closer to the market scale. The research project will be developed in collaboration with the IMDEA Energy Institute and the Materials Science and Engineering Department of Northwestern University. This project idea is totally in line with the current strict global energy and environmental politics and also with the Horizon 2020 objectives.

Mots clés : solar energy, concentrated solar power plants, thermochemical storage, perovskite

Participants :
- Northeastern University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Spanish National Research Council (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 239191.2 €
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (Espagne) — Partner, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet DOLORES (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Solid Oxide Cells (SOCs) should form an important part of any future energy mix, due to their flexible operation and scalability. One barrier to their wider adoption is the degradation of SOC components and operational lifetimes need to increase by a factor of up to 10 to make them commercially viable. Degradation of the fuel electrode (anode) is well documented and fairly well understood; degradation at the oxygen electrode (cathode) has only recently attracted more scientific research and is far less understood. The purpose of this Fellowship is to better understand the degradation that takes place at the Yttria-Stabilised Zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte and La0.8Sr0.2Mn03 (LSM) cathode interface, as this has been cited as ‘one of the most serious degradation problems in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs)’. A new degradation mechanism involving YSZ has very recently been identified at the host institution and its investigation forms the basis of this application. Assuming that a solution to this degradation can be proposed, the project will have major impacts on the SOFC community and commercial SOFC development. The Fellow, Dr Vendrell, will be supervised by a multi-disciplinary team of experienced researchers, who between them can guide and tutor him in areas relevant to this project: ie materials synthesis and fabrication; electrical property measurements; microstructural characterisation; fabrication of YSZ films using tape casting technology; spectroscopic characterisation and modelling of materials; in operando and ex-situ analysis of degradation in working SOFCs. The Fellow will build on his previous experience in the area of lead-free ferroelectrics to develop in-depth understanding of the electrical properties of YSZ electrolyte, and be trained in state-of-the-art SOC methodology. He will be incorporated into the UK-wide fuel cell community and develop technical and transferable skills via a carefully-planned and documented training plan.

Mots clés : solid oxide cells, cathode, yttria stabilised zirconia

Participants :
- University of Sheffield (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €