Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet CDSANAB (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Mathematics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project aims at substantial contributions to the bifurcation theory of non-autonomous dynamical systems. The main research efforts will focus on an analytical investigation of the principles behind the creation of complex dynamical behaviour and strange attractors in the most common kinds of non-autonomous bifurcations: saddle-node and Hopf bifurcations. The project further aims at an interdisciplinary application of the analytical findings to the problem of the predictability of ice ages. The research on non-autonomous saddle-node bifurcations will extend the results of the applicant's PhD. Here, the main strategy is to apply powerful multiscale analysis techniques. Further, it is aimed at providing easily applicable tools for researchers in the life sciences to reliably track complex behaviour near saddle-node bifurcations. The research on the non-autonomous Hopf bifurcation will focus on the creation of chaos. In deterministically driven systems, the analysis will again be based on multiscale analysis techniques. In randomly driven systems, it is aimed at a profound extension of the work by the supervisor and his collaborators on shear-induced chaos. The host institution is not only a leading centre in bifurcation theory and non-autonomous dynamics but also the coordinating institution of the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Innovative Training Network (ITN) CRITICS which addresses critical transitions in complex systems. The interdisciplinary part of the project will be dealt with in collaboration with a partner of this ITN: the Theoretical Climate and Palaeoclimate Dynamics group at the Université catholique de Louvain. The Horizon 2020 key challenges include topics such as food security or climate action. Appropriate measures addressing related issues need to rely on a good understanding of complex systems which are non-autonomous by nature. Thus, profound insights into non-autonomous systems and bifurcations of such systems are of an immense European interest.

Mots clés : strange attractors, non autonomous dynamics, bifurcation theory and its applications, chaos

Participants :
- Imperial College London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet SMART (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project aims to (1) demonstrate innovative optical imaging by increasing by 2x the depth penetration of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and (2) make groundbreaking advances in the study of 3D Anderson localization (AL) of light. These seemingly different topics are in fact closely linked. Wave transport in complex media can be described by the Green’s matrix (GM), which holds complete information about propagation between every input and output point of the medium. The need to understand and work with the GM underpins the proposed work of this action. Recently, the field GM for light was measured for the first time using a white-light illumination, opening up new avenues for fundamental and applied physics. This action will combine this approach with matrix methods (previously applied to ultrasound imaging) to build a ‘SMART-OCT’ apparatus: an innovative OCT-like system based on a matrix approach that enables the acquisition of the GM and elimination of multiple scattering. SMART-OCT will have 2x the current OCT depth limit (>2 mm) with no loss in resolution or affordability (white light illumination). The SMART-OCT system will be tested on biological tissues, compared to current OCT, and patented and developed towards market. Like all technology, the creation of this device will be accompanied by advances in fundamental science. The optical field GM will be used to study AL of light – the ‘trapping’ of waves due to interference effects induced by strong disorder. This concept is important for light control and confinement, but past experiments in optics have always suffered from absorption and non-linearities. The proposed method can sidestep these issues to give the first unambiguous study of 3D AL for light. The execution of these projects in parallel will develop the sensitivity and range of SMART-OCT.

Mots clés : wave propagation through complex media, scattering matrix, wave front shaping, green s function, single, multiple scattering, optical coherence tomography, biological tissues, anderson localization

Participants :
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 173076.0 €
Projet UnRi (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project aims to advance our understanding of the forces that have driven the proliferation of risk discourses in the UK and Germany since World War Two. Working at the boundaries of risk sociology and corpus linguistics, this is a highly innovative enterprise, both theoretically and methodologically. It will examine the contribution made by main-stream risk theories to explaining the increasing use of the risk semantic in media coverage during the last 50 years, and it will develop an empirically grounded theory of the observable shift towards risk. The Fellow will utilise cutting-edge corpus-based research strategies to systematically reconstruct the changing use of the discourse-semantics of risk and will complement these with interviews of media experts to examine how these changes are linked to institutional and socio-cultural changes and historically significant events. The Fellow is an outstanding scholar in risk studies who will further develop his skills and expand his networks among eminent European sociologists and corpus linguists. The IF will be placed with Prof McEnery, a leading scholar in corpus research at Lancaster University, who is the Director of the ESRC Centre for Corpus Approaches to Social Science (CASS). This will be complemented by a secondment with Prof Kämper, an expert in historical linguistic change, at the Institute of German Language (IDS) in Mannheim. Both these opportunities will allow the Fellow to build on existing networks with scholars working in the maturing domain of corpus-driven social science research. Working with corpus based discourse analysts and computational linguists at CASS and IDS will allow the Fellow to firmly establish his skills in the application of corpus based discourse analysis within the social sciences and will enhance his opportunities to reintegrate into the European academic community.

Mots clés : risk, social change, international comparison, discourse semantics, corpus linguistics, computational linguistics

Participants :
- Lancaster University (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet BrainiAnts (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project aims to answer a significant open question in evolutionary neurobiology: how social complexity shapes the brain structure, its associated metabolic costs, and the behavioural capability of individual members of a society. The Social Brain Hypothesis proposes that the complexity of living in group influences encephalization in vertebrates, but this theory has not been critically tested in invertebrate species. Social insects such as ants have miniaturized brains that nevertheless support highly coordinated collective behaviour and striking individual cognitive abilities. This collective behaviour produces an “externalized” distributed processing of information that may reduce energetic expenses in individual brains. We propose to address this question through the study of brain metabolic costs of ant foragers under different conditions of sociality. We will examine the effect of distributed information processing (such as the use of pheromones trails to coordinate group activity) on individual cognitive abilities (such as learning) and the energetic costs of specialized brain compartments that underlie behaviour. Our interdisciplinary methodology will combine techniques applied to the study of collective animal behaviour (individual tracking in collective choice and foraging experiments) and neurobiology (immunohistochemistry and neuroanatomical scaling, cytochrome oxidase staining and learning assays) in sister clades of ants that show strong differences in social complexity and thus the relative roles of individual workers and cooperative groups. This novel and integrated approach will allow us to analyze the evolutionary relationship between social complexity and brain evolution.

Mots clés : collective behaviour, social insects, ants, foraging, pheromone trails, social brain hypothesis, immediate early genes, cytochrome oxydase, videotracking, learning

Participants :
- Boston University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 246668.4 €
Projet GenderJust (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project aims to better understand how Truth and Reconciliation Commissions (TRCs) shape and legitimize international norms on gender justice and how local contexts respond to these norms. While many research projects have focused on the way domestic powerful actors and institutions actively reconstruct new norms to make them fit their own cognitive prior (Acharya 2009; Wiener 2009), the extent to which marginalised actors, such as women victims or victim survivors of mass atrocities, experience and respond to international norms directed to them remains largely unexplored. I consider the cases of South Africa, Rwanda and Colombia. The first objective is to examine the variability of inclusion of gender justice narratives in the TRCs proceedings and policy formulation. I attempt to do this by analysing institutional inputs and networks of actors (Mackay, Kenny and Chappell 2010). The second objective is to understand the role of female witnesses and women collectives in shaping accepted narratives on gender justice (Krizsan and Lombardo 2013). This project is a continuation of the candidate's previous research on local contestation and adaptation of international norms in post-conflict settings. For so doing, the project will follow a qualitative analysis based on TRCs transcripts and semi-structured interviews with strategic groups, providing original empirical evidence of this unexplored level. Data collection will take place during monthly mobilities to each of the countries. These data will then be analysed following grounded theory techniques and critical discourse analysis. The research will be conducted at the Department of Politics and International Studies at the University of Cambridge where the candidate will receive high level training to improve her methodological skills (qualitative data analysis and theory producion) and will greatly benefit from the host organisation's experience in interdisciplinary research on international norms.

Mots clés : gender justice, transitional justice, truth and reconciliation commissions, life cycle of international norms, norm contestation, local civil society, women organisations

Participants :
- University of Cambridge (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet MEDIAHOMES (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

This project aims to carry out ground-breaking work on European film and media representations of the home and their networks of production and circulation from the 2008 economic crisis to the COVID-19 emergency. It will take as case studies Ireland, Portugal and the UK to investigate representations of the home, housing precarity and homelessness, focusing on the aspect of socioeconomic inequality across gender, race and class. Its overall objective is to devise, through a strongly interdisciplinary methodology combining methods in the humanities with studies in the social sciences, a new, transnational model to analyse screen narratives of housing precarity, their production and circulation. Across a range of documentaries, essay films, realist features and short non-fiction films the project will investigate the representation of an ongoing housing crisis and trace their intersections with the developing corpus of housing precarity in the lockdown and the pandemic. Within this corpus, I will consider three modes of media activity: 1) representation 2) production and 3) circulation (distribution and screening). The main research objectives of the action are: 1) to build a transnational corpus of media representations of the urgent challenge of housing precarity and inequality within European cinema and to provide an innovative model for its analysis across media genres, 2) to understand who the subjects producing this corpus are and whether filmmakers from a variety of gender, race and class backgrounds have equal access to representation or not 3) to understand how films about housing circulate across different platforms online and offline and in society at large 4) to investigate how these productions have been affected by the transformation of the home into a site of creative labour during the pandemic and how this intersects with socioeconomic inequality.

Mots clés : film, media, home, housing, inequality, gender, class, race, crisis, urban space, covid 19

Participants :
- National University of Ireland (Irlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 184590.72 €
Projet METAQUAKENG (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project aims to design, develop, and experimentally confirm, elastodynamic metamaterial devices based on subwavelength elements to mitigate the damage created by waves due to earthquakes. The inter-disciplinary project that I propose will take advantage of the modelling skills of an applied mathematics group, use ideas that are becoming established in the wave physics of optics and electromagnetism and draw upon my experience in engineering: together with the planned secondments to France (Institut Fresnel, expertise in analogies between Photonics and Geophysics) and Romania (TU Iași, expertise in Civil Engineering and Seismology) this will bring coordinated and highly relevant experience to bear upon this topical and important issue. When a vibration comes from an hypocenter, different types of waves can propagate through the soil; mostly volume (shear and pressure) waves and surface (Rayleigh and Love) waves. These waves can interact with building type superstructures at certain frequencies. This is particularly devastating when they coincide with the resonance frequencies of those buildings. Exploiting elastodynamic metamaterials for seismic protection has, as unyet proven, potential to radically change how resilient structures are designed in the future. The aim of this project is to critically explore their potential and the objective is to design the optimal device and test it and hence really show whether this is feasible or not. The approach I will use will employ inertial resonators (IRs) to engineer frequency stop bands for seismic waves by converting them into evanescent waves.

Mots clés : civil engineering, seismic metamaterials, earthquake protection, rayleigh waves inertial resonators, cloaking, transformation physics, asymptotic methods, numerical simulations

Participants :
- Imperial College London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet PlantEmulGel (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project aims to develop a new consumer acceptable all plant based solutions for stabilisation of edible emulsions, whose design is based on the fundamental understanding of the structure-stabilisation-flow properties of cellulose microfibril (MFC)-containing hybrid systems that are naturally found in plant cells. While there is much empirical knowledge about emulsion rheology and stability, the microscopic physical mechanisms that govern emulsion behaviour are still poorly understood, and in this particular case, for emulsions with a complexity that goes beyond the standard oil/water/surfactant systems. This lack of understanding greatly hampers the rational design of all plant structured emulsion-based products. To bridge this gap, we bring together a team of industrial and academic research groups with different, complementary expertise. By using high energy density processes for efficient deagglomeration of the CMF and proposing a new structuring approach through the continuous phase of the plant based emulsion, we will control emulsion stability. By combining macroscopic rheology and tribology with novel microfluidic tools and imaging techniques, we will establish the relation between the macroscopic flow behaviour and stability of the emulsions and the microscopic structure and interactions, and thereby increase our understanding of flowing emulsions beyond the current empirical models. It will help us to move further and provide a special focus on the mouthfeel of all plant structured emulsions. The prediction of mouthfeel texture attributes from rheology is crucial for the food industry to take a more systematic approach towards product design and optimization in order to meet consumers' preference is for natural, simple and flexible diets and other plant-focused formulations as closely as possible. The results of the project are translatable to other industries where emulsion formulation is required.

Mots clés : plant structured emulsions, cellulose microfibrils, nanofibrils, hybrid polymer networks, hybrid gels, structuring, mouthfeel, texture attributes, thickness, rheology, confined complex flow, stability

Participants :
- Unilever (Netherlands) (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 165598.8 €
Projet SmartPosition (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project aims to develop two new estimation paradigms for designing a reliable, high precision and real-time mobile positioning system (MPS): clustering for filtering (C4F) and fitting for smoothing (F4S). The present MPS faces two immediate challenges from the real life world. First, little is known about the background and therefore accurate system modelling is difficult or even impossible and the use of conventional filters/smoothers is challenging or even infeasible. Secondly, the data is very rich in the sense that it comes from multiple and many types of sensors with improved scanning frequency and accuracy. The rich sensor data can be used to circumvent poor background knowledge and to provide a greater breadth of observation regardless of individual sensor failure. However, it is expected that rich data will also pose a great challenge for real time filtering implementation. This project will develop a new concept, “Big Sensor”, to flexibly utilize the rich time-varying sensor data in the concerned MPS and to implement C4F and F4S. The Big Sensor-based C4F and F4S use all available information including WIFI, Bluetooth, GPS signals as well as altitude, acceleration, and direction information based on embedded software to locate mobile devices. The resulting MPS will not rely on sophisticated filters and will therefore be more reliable and computationally faster. The research emphasis of the project will be on flexible and optimal sensor data inference which is found by developing novel clustering and fitting algorithms. The researcher and the partitioning organizations have synergic expertise and solid research track records in the related fields. Smartphone-based realistic MPS applications (apps) will be developed, with the potential use of European GNSS. The resulting MPS and its apps will be integrated into a Home Care system that the Host group has investigated for the purpose of tracking the movement and well-being of elderly/disabled people.

Mots clés : mobile positioning system, bayesian filtering, localization, tracking, intelligent systems

Participants :
- Universidad de Salamanca (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 127591.2 €
Projet GLASS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project aims to establish an in-depth understanding of the administration and control of high-temperature industries on an urban level and the socio-economic relationship between the elite and the non-elite members of society in Late Bronze Age (LBA) Egypt and Mesopotamia (c. 1650-1050 BC). It has been recognised in the past that within the urban settlements of Egypt and Mesopotamia the production of basic faience- and glass-objects frequently occurred in the same urban domestic context as that of foodstuffs, using the same tools and firing structures. This analysis will particularly highlight how elite control influenced these domestic industries in an urban setting, and to what extent this influenced the role of the members of a non-elite population and the urban infrastructure. The project will examine the following aspects: (1) The spatial analysis of the relationship between the production of glass artefacts and that of faience goods and foodstuffs using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) technology: Concentrating on the New Kingdom Egyptian settlement of Amarna, domestic and administrative archaeological contexts containing a combination of glass-working, faience manufacture and food production will be identified, documented and analysed in detail. (2) The organisation of workshops and areas of industrial activity throughout the urban sites and their infrastructures, within both LBA Egypt and Mesopotamia: This will also be done using GIS, but will also include published and unpublished materials and contemporary textual sources providing knowledge about urban workshops and domestic industrial settings. (3) A comparison of industrial activities within ancient Egyptian settlements and those taking place in contemporary ancient Mesopotamian settlement and palace sites. (4) Export and trade facilities and networks, in order to demonstrate how the produce of these industries was consumed, transported and, possibly, traded.

Mots clés : late bronze age, egypt, mesopotamia, glass, faience, foodstuffs, bread, production, socio economics, control, settlement archaeology, material culture, kilns, furnaces, industry

Participants :
- Freie Universität Berlin (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 159460.8 €