Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet MedRoute (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project aims to analyze the phenomenon of multiculturalism in four Mediterranean port cities of the late seventeenth and the early eighteenth centuries. The research uses three identity markers (foodways, clothing, and language) to chart how differences in the political and physical environments affect the balance between marking and hybridizing identities in the port cities of Izmir, La Valletta, Livorno and Marseille. Although very different amongst themselves, these four cities, placed on a maritime trading route cutting the Mediterranean from east to west, share a highly developed cultural, ethnical, and religious pluralism. The comparative analysis adopted will shed light on the concept of multiculturalism(s) in the pre-modern Euro-Mediterranean space, explaining how members of the same group handled coexistence following different strategies. In analyzing identity as a dynamic process, the research enters into the historiographical debate on the One-Plural nature of the Mediterranean on two critical levels: the ways in which Mediterranean identities interact with one another and how they generate a multicultural zone. Through an interdisciplinary study, the project will shape the ineradicable ambiguous nature of multicultural zones in the Mediterranean. This goal will be undertaken through the analysis and verification of three main assumptions that form the basis of the research: 1. The role of the political factor in determining the type of multiculturalism which developed and the ethical role of politics in assuming tolerance as a tool for fostering a more vibrant and resourceful society. 2. The role played by internal members of the communities on the basis of social class, education and gender, and how these factors determined the individual positioning on the scale from integration to segregation. 3. The functionality of multicultural policies in enhancing urban welfare.

Mots clés : mediterranean, port city, migration, identity markers, cultural hybridization

Participants :
- National Research Council (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 244269.0 €
- State of Maryland (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet ICOME (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project aims to create a method with high efficacy aimed at providing an individualised approach to motor sequence learning in elder adults. The current problem is that the provision of motor learning programs have little/no consideration of individual cognitive and motor differences, and therefore varying levels of improvements. The innovation is to provide a management solution to the ageing demographics across Europe by creating an evidence-based approach targeting cognitive and motor learning parameters for elder adults to improve their overall motor function using an ecological dancelike sequence learning task. We propose a three-stage approach to investigate and provide a viable solution. In the first stage, we will address historical and current theoretical issues with the quantification of motor learning development in elder adults. Addressing topics such as dynamical systems and the aggregation of performance analyses in the face of a large range of baseline physical differences in the elderly will shed new light in a theoretically driven perspective. In the second stage, we will create an integrated neurocognitive model of motor learning representation for the elderly using advanced supervised machine learning with real EEG and behavioural data. Lastly, we will create and pilot an individualised intervention based on the model in the second stage, that targets cognitive control using meditation, and physical parameters with progressive chunk scaling approaches to drive greater learning outcomes in a shorter timeframe for the elderly. The results from this project have the potential to change health management policies and future applications of advanced brain computer interfaces.

Mots clés : motor sequence learning, attention, memory, cognitive control, meditation, cognitive states, discrete sequence task production, representational similarity analysis

Participants :
- University of Twente (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 187572.48 €
Projet d-CFRPs (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project aims to develop high-performance RECYCLED/discontinuous carbon fiber reinforced plastics (d-CFRPs) with tailored mechanical, fracture and fatigue properties using state-of-the-art nano-modification technology. Moreover, a significant side benefit of this research is a further development and validation of a fatigue test method for CFRPs towards standardization. The project involves: (1) formulate and characterize a series of epoxies modified by different nano-additives, i.e. rubber, silica, carbon nanotubes and graphene; (2) produce a series of d-CFPRs based on selected nano-modified epoxies and recycled carbon fibres; (3) characterize the mechanical properties, fracture toughness and fatigue resistance of the d-CFRPs; (4) investigate the fracture mechanisms and quantify the fracture features of d-CFRPs for both quasi-static and fatigue failure to build the correlation between fracture features and energy dissipation; (5) further develop and validate a fatigue test approach for CFRPs towards standardisation, together with other world-leading researchers from ESIS-TC4 (European Structural Integrity Society Technical Committee 4). Turning CFRP waste into a valuable resource and closing the loop in the CFRP life-cycle is vital for the sustainable use of carbon fibres. The research outcomes of this project (turning CFRP waste into high-performance d-CFRPs) will fit neatly with the big priority of Horizon 2020 Work Programme 2018-2020 in ‘Increased investment in sustainable development and climate related R&I’, and the new ‘From Waste to Resource (VANG)’ programme developed by Dutch government. The successful development of high-performance d-CFRPs will facilitate the recycling of CFRP waste and promote the applications of recycled d-CFRPs, hence to make contributions to ‘From Waste to Resource’. Moreover, the contribution to the development of a reliable standard for fatigue test of CFRPs will significantly benefit the research and industrial communities.

Mots clés : nano modified polymers and polymer composites, mechanical properties, fracture toughness and fatigue resistance of cfrps  carbon fibre reinforced plastics, fatigue assessment strategy of cfrps

Participants :
- Delft University of Technology (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 187572.48 €
Projet STRETCH (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

This project aims to develop novel techniques using smart multifunctional materials for the combined seismic-plus-energy retrofitting, and Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of the European cultural heritage buildings (CHB). The need for upgrading the existing old and CHB is becoming increasingly important for the EU countries, due to: (1) their poor structural performance during recent earthquakes (e.g. Italy, Greece) or other natural hazards (e.g. extreme weather conditions) that have resulted in significant economic losses, and loss of human lives; and (2) their low energy performance which increases significantly their energy consumption (buildings are responsible for 40% of EU energy consumption). Moreover, the SHM of the existing buildings is crucial for assessing continuously their structural integrity and thus to provide information for planning cost effective and sustainable maintenance decisions. Since replacing the old buildings with new is not financially feasible, and even it is not allowed for CHB, their lifetime extension requires considering simultaneously both structural and energy retrofitting. It is noted that the annual cost of repair and maintenance of existing European building stock is estimated to be about 50% of the total construction budget, currently standing at more than €300 billion. To achieve cost effectiveness, STRETCH explores a novel approach, which integrates technical textile reinforcement with thermal insulation systems and strain sensors to provide simultaneous structural-plus-energy retrofitting combined with SHM, tailored for masonry cultural heritage building envelopes. The effectiveness of the proposed retrofitting system will be validated experimentally and analytically. Moreover, draft guidelines and recommendations for determining future research on the use of smart composite materials for the concurrent retrofitting (structural-plus-energy) and SHM of the existing cultural heritage buildings envelopes will be proposed.

Mots clés : cultural heritage buildings, advanced materials, seismic retrofitting, energy retrofitting, structural health monitoring, masonry buildings, optical fibre sensors

Participants :
- European Union (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 183473.28 €
Projet HPHS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project aims to examine the history and politics of human shields, a growing phenomenon related to the increasing “weaponization” of human bodies and the fact that urban settings have increasingly become common sites for contemporary conflicts. Human shielding denotes the deployment of civilians in order to deter attacks on military sites as well as their transformation into a technology of warfare. While the majority of the scholarly literature characterizes human shielding as the “weapon of the weak,” one of my assumptions is that the category of human shields is also becoming a weapon deployed by the strong to justify the increasing number of civilian deaths in the battlefield. The legal significance of human shields emerges from the fact that civilians who are defined as shields lose some of the protections traditionally assigned to them by international law. Human shields, I propose, can be a weapon for those who use them, but also for those who accuse the enemy of using them. I hypothesize: 1) that the diverse situations in which civilians become shields and the specific way they are categorized shape our understanding of both the violence deployed and its ethical significance; and 2) that the different kinds of human shields operate in distinct ways and serve radically different military and political purposes. Accordingly, I will pursue two objectives: 1) offer a historical-legal investigation of human shielding, thus facilitating our understanding of the military and ethical function of this legal category; and 2) identify and theorize the various forms of human shielding currently being utilized in theatres of violence, both to improve our understanding of the diverse contexts in which human shields appear and to demonstrate how the conception of human shields shapes our perceptions of violence. Ultimately, HPHS hopes to contribute to research on political violence and EU’s obligations to international law.

Mots clés : warfare, international humanitarian law, civilians, human shields, human rights

Participants :
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet SIPEA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project aims to explore the effects of social investment perspective on women and to identify effective work-family reconciliation measures in fostering social inclusion of women in the labour market and family. It adopts a mixed method approach to compare the social investment perspective in the work-family reconciliation measures in five European and two East Asian countries (Sweden, Germany, Hungary, the UK, France, Hong Kong and South Korea); and examines its relationship with women’s participation in the production and reproduction spheres. Systematic comparison of policy designs with the aid of country based policy grids, statistical analysis under the economic defamilisation index and state-led care-focused defamilisation index, semi-structural interviews with policy experts, secondment in non-academic organisations and dissemination activities will be conducted. Against the backdrop of the Lisbon Agenda and Horizon 2020, the social investment perspective has become a new social policy paradigm in Europe. It stresses on investing in human capital development, making efficient use of human capital and fostering social inclusion. It shares similarities with the productive approach in some East Asian countries which is regarded as important to economic success. This project will enhance the researcher’s comparative social research skills and cross-regional knowledge on related policies; add value to the hosting university’s leadership in international social policy study; promote knowledge transfer between the two regions; and derive policy suggestions on social inclusion of women in the labour market and family. It is built on the expertise of the supervisor and the researcher on welfare policies in Europe and East Asia; and will be an integral part of the work plan of the interdisciplinary East Asian Social Policy Research Network and Social Policy Cluster of the hosting University. This is a project to be considered by the Reintegration Panel (RI).

Mots clés : women, work, family, care responsibilities, comparative social policy, defamilisation index

Participants :
- University of Sheffield (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet DIGI-EMP (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project aims to explore whether and (if so) how individuals affected by climate change experience and perceive empowerment through digital crowdsourcing campaigns provided by organisational actors. Unequal inclusion in climate change debates and decision-making processes remains a significanThis project aims to explore whether and (if so) how individuals affected by climate change experience and perceive empowerment through digital crowdsourcing campaigns provided by organisational actors. Unequal inclusion in climate change debates and decision-making processes remains a significant global problem, perpetuating local and global structural inequalities in experiencing and addressing climate change . In response to this issue, various international non-governmental civil society (INGO) and governmental organisations (IGO) have initiated crowdsourcing campaigns to involve citizens around the globe. Such campaigns provide open calls through digital platforms with varying aims around participation, ranging from individual submissions of climate change data (e.g. photo evidence or disaster tracking) to group submissions of innovative solutions to specific environmental problems. As such, these campaigns aim to provide more participatory processes. They should therefore, in theory, empower individuals through more participatory digitally-enabled processes (= digital empowerment), a notion and hypothesis this project aims to test through the lens of climate justice. It will do so through qualitative research including short-term ethnographic fieldwork with the WWF & UNFCCC; long-term digital observation (and where possible participation, e.g. in group tasks or data submission) in crowdsourcing initiatives by the UNFCCC (= 3 initiatives, drawn from COP27 crowdsourcing actions as part of the Action Hubs) and WWF (= 3 initiatives, “Climate Crowd”; “One City Planet Challenge”); and six to ten focus groups (FG; 1-2 FG in each chosen location) with users of these platforms.

Mots clés : digital empowerment, climate justice, digital participation, crowdsourcing, climate change, global south

Participants :
- University of Trento (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 171473.28 €
Projet Multi-JOBINSEC (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project aims to increase the understanding of the nature of job insecurity by examining its causes and consequences through a multilevel perspective, considering factors at the individual, organizational and country levels. We intend to provide theoretical models identifying antecedents of job insecurity and potential effects on life quality: the practical goal is to develop instruments for suitable organizational and social policies that could address in a comprehensive way the problem of job insecurity now and in the future. We propose to test micro- and macro-level predictors and consequences of job insecurity combining 3 different data sources: ESS, EUROSTAT, PSYCONES. Perceived threat of job loss has became one of the most prominent job stressors and several studies have shown its detrimental effects on employee’s well-being, health, and job attitudes. However, research in work psychology has focused on the role of individual-level variables, thus neglecting the possibility that job insecurity might also be a contextual stressor. Individual employees may feel their situation as threatened even if there is no apparent objective threat. This fundamental distinction between subjective and objective job insecurity is not acknowledged by economists. Their studies on macro-aggregate data consider only temporary employment and do not reveal how individuals experience job insecurity. The present proposal aims to integrate economic and psychology perspectives examining predictors and outcomes also related to labour market’s macro-economic situation, in addition to individual characteristics and organizational conditions. Taking a cross-cultural perspective we can assess the generalizability of job insecurity in various countries and especially examine how higher-level variables influence lower-level relationships (cross-level analyses in the multilevel perspective). In this way,we can encompass interdisciplinary aspects concerning psychology,economics and sociology

Mots clés : work and organizational psychology, job insecurity perceptions, job insecurity climate, psychological and socioeconomic factors, multilevel analysis, comparisons among countries

Participants :
- KU Leuven (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 160800.0 €
Projet Crystal Tandem Solar (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project aims to produce next-generation solar cells surpassing 30% power conversion efficiency at low cost, a much needed cheap renewable energy source. Initial rapid progress in the field of perovskite solar cells has slowed; efficiencies are not high enough to make them commercially attractive. Therefore, a step change is needed in how these devices are made. All perovskite solar cells so far are polycrystalline. The project will focus on solution-based epitaxial growth of single crystal perovskites, providing novel high quality thin films. These crystals will be incorporated into Si-based tandem solar cells, to form highly efficient single-crystal-on-single-crystal devices. Fabricating on top of an existing technology offers rapid commercialisation and significantly better power to cost ratio than existing technologies. The project will comprise an outgoing phase in Prof. Michael McGehee’s group at Stanford University, whose unrivalled expertise in fabrication of hybrid tandem solar cells will be combined with the researcher’s skills to fabricate single crystal perovskite-on-Si solar cells. The expertise obtained will then be transferred to the group of Prof. Sir Richard Friend at the University of Cambridge, experts in photophysics. The physical mechanisms occurring in these devices will be elucidated via ultrafast spectroscopy. Based on these findings, devices will be further improved to attain the highest efficiencies. The project addresses Horizon 2020's goals on clean and sustainable energy. The researcher is uniquely suited for this ambitious project, having strong expertise in perovskite and nanocrystal fabrication. It represents a novel combination of the fields of crystal growth, state-of-the-art device manufacture, and device spectroscopy. It will create strong links between the groups and ensure transfer of expertise into the European community. There is strong potential for intellectual property generation and industrial involvement.

Mots clés : solar cells, photovoltaics, perovskites, crystal growth, single crystals, shape control, epitaxial growth, tandem solar cells, ultrafast spectroscopy, advanced characterisation, device physics

Participants :
- University of Cambridge (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 269857.8 €
- University of Washington (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €