Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet DISGRID (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : TERMINATED

Opportunities in life in Europe de facto hinge on group memberships that de jure should not matter for individual outcomes – prompting EC president Ursula von der Leyen to press for renewed efforts to answer the question: “Why do racism and discrimination endure in our societies?” Located at the Department of Microeconomics and Public Economics at Maastricht University and in collaboration with the University of Applied Police Sciences Saxony-Anhalt in Germany, I want to contribute to answering two research questions: i) Which types of group identities more vs. less likely induce discriminatory behavior? and ii) Which types of persons are more vs. less likely to adopt such group identities? In WP1 I plan to conduct a comprehensive meta-analysis of economic experiments studying discrimination. It will focus on the strengths of different types of group identities and on individual heterogeneity in their adoption. Doing so, this meta-study will provide key empirical insights at an unprecedented level of detail into the mechanics of discriminatory group identities and their interaction with individual levels of readiness to adopt them - a trait labeled 'groupiness'. In WP2 I will conduct an experimental study to dissect ‘groupiness’ by investigating a) if long-term exposure to environments of stronger vs. weaker group identities has an impact on individual levels of ‘groupiness’ and b) whether individuals who have a higher readiness to follow rules in general are also more likely to show ‘groupy’ behavior. The insights gained will allow for the development of substantially improved theoretical models of group identity based discriminatory behavior and will be also very informative for practitioners aiming at changing group identities for the better. In particular, the results obtained will directly be exploited for informing and potentially improving the professional training of young women and men striving to become law enforcement officers.

Mots clés : discrimination, identity economics, ingroup favoritism, ingroup bias, social norms, group relations, rule following, police force, law enforcement, professional training

Participants :
- Maastricht University (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 175572.48 €
Projet OptiCarb (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : SIGNED

OptiCarb overall aim is to understand the fundamental mechanisms of sodium-ion intercalation/adsorption in hard carbon anodes and find the optimum carbon atomic configuration that maximises the sodium storage capacity. Experimentally it is difficult to unravel the mechanistic nature of sodium-carbon interactions, due to the complex atomic structure of hard carbons. Therefore, theoretical studies based on molecular simulations are crucial, as they can achieve atomistic resolution. However, up to date there is no realistic model capturing the microstructural complexity of hard carbons available in the literature, which hinders the subsequent study of the sodium-hard carbon interface. In this computational project I will use molecular dynamics simulations and an innovative methodology to generate realistic models of hard carbon anodes that capture porous and pseudo-graphitic domains into a single 3D-connected nanostructure. Our models will allow us to systematically study Na intercalation between pseudo-graphitic layers and Na adsorption in the confined space of carbon pores, which are key to optimise the Na storage capacity. To ensure maximum impact of the gained knowledge from our theoretical studies, I will closely work with experimentalists in my host group to validate and correlate our models with experimental data and guide the experimental design of optimised anodes with high Coulombic efficiency and high capacity. This will push the performance of Na-ion batteries to active long cycles (over 10000), high energy density (above 400 Wh/kg) and high Coulombic efficiency above 96%, making them competitive with commercial Li-ion batteries and paving the way for its large-scale commercialisation.

Mots clés : carbon materials, non graphitising carbons, atomistic modelling, sodium ion batteries, ion intercalation, adsorption, energy storage, lammps

Participants :
- Imperial College London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 224933.76 €
Projet ICOFAS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an exciting new technique capable of high-resolution, three-dimensional imaging to depths of a few millimeters. The technology has unique advantages as non-invasive, being an imaging method for a variety of imaging applications such as medical diagnostics and industrial testing in manufacturing lines. The tunable laser sources used in OCT are required to have wide spectral range (to improve resolution), fast tuning speeds (to improve imaging times) and narrow instantaneous linewidth (to enhance imaged depth). The preferred wavelength for OCT is 850nm due to better resolution and less attenuation at this wavelength and compatibility with cheap Si detection, but have been hampered by the quality of the laser sources for this region and have tended instead to be developed at the telecom wavelengths of 1300nm and 1550nm. To meet the need for fast speed imaging of deeper structures, we will 1) investigate novel approaches to reach mode-hop free operation for swept sources at 1550nm and 2) develop an optical source around 850nm with a wide band (>70nm), high sweep rate (1MHz) and narrow instantaneous linewidth due to mode-hop free operation. The ICOFAS project targets (a) the training of a young researcher in the field of photonic devices, optical imaging and research commercialisation; (b) the development of novel optical sources with advanced coherence properties and fast sweeping rate; and (c) the industrial validation and commercialising of the developed technology. The training program for the researcher includes new skills in the design and fabrication of multi-section semiconductor fast sweeping lasers, characterisation and optimisation of the laser performance, and implementation of the advanced sources to optical imaging systems. In addition, strong commercialisation and entrepreneurial skills will be developed, with keen interest from two commercial partners ensuring focus on an industrial roadmap.

Mots clés : swept source laser, semiconductor laser, optical imaging

Participants :
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 173076.0 €
Projet SELENDIS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Ordinary matter - which includes stars, galaxies, and the human body - only accounts for 20% of the total mass of the Universe. The missing mass consists of so-called Dark Matter (DM) which, while invisible, betrays its presence through gravitational effects on its surrounding environment. For the past several decades, DM particles have been extensively sought after but yet, keep eluding detection. Why? There is now compelling reasons to believe that these particles are lighter than first-anticipated. As a result, their discovery requires energy detection thresholds and background discrimination capabilities beyond state-of-the-art detector performance. The goal of this research proposal is to enable a potential light DM discovery. To achieve this aim, I want to develop a novel cryogenic detector technology called SELENDIS (Single ELEctron Nuclear recoil DIScrimination). The proposed detector will allow for the first time in DM search history for particle-type identification down to single electrons. After only two weeks of data taking, SELENDIS’ sensitivity to light DM will exceed that of state-of-the-art experiments. Based on my 6 years experience in DM searches, I will develop advanced competencies in cryogenics, cold-electronics, signal treatment, to cite but a few, in a multidisciplinary framework. I will work in a laboratory equipped with a cryostat with world-leading vibration levels within a team of experts in the development of cryogenic detectors for DM searches with EDELWEISS and low-energy neutrino physics with RICOCHET. Hosted in a top-class institution (IPNL/CNRS), this 24-month Marie Curie fellowship will support my future scientific career by providing me with technological competencies, broadening my network opportunities and developing my leadership capabilities. Because SELENDIS represents the next generation of light DM detectors, this research will contribute to European excellence and competitiveness in a frontier research field.

Mots clés : low energy rare event searches, dark matter, direct detection, low mass wimps, semiconductor detectors, luke neganov, ionization, phonons, neutrinos

Participants :
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 196707.84 €
Projet PARADA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Organic field-effect transistors (0FETs) are essential building blocks for the next generation of cheap and flexible organic circuits. Complementary logic composed of both p- and n-type OFETs with high mobility are absolutely needed to fabricate performing electronic circuits. Generally, single crystals of small molecules of organic semiconductors (OSC) exhibit higher charge carrier mobility than polycrystalline films because of the absence of grain boundaries. Unfortunately, the growth of single crystals from solution or vapor involves little or poor control of orientation, size and shape of single crystals. To solve this problem, PARADA proposes a radically new approach that relies on directional crystallization as a tool to grow parallel single crystal stripes of p- and n- type molecular semiconductors from eutectic mixtures to fabricate single crystal transistors which are able to operate in complementary logic mode. Eutectic mixtures will be composed of derivatives of benzothienobenzothiophene (BTBT) and derivatives of carboxydiimides (NTCDI) that are among the best performing p- and n-type semiconductors, respectively. A large set of crystallization conditions will be used to control the pattern and the morphology of thin films. Full structural and morphological characterization will be carry out by XRD, POM and AFM. Thin films with parallel crystalline stripes will be used to fabricate p- and n-type OFETs. The values of electron mobility in the n-type semiconductor and hole mobility in the p-type semiconductor will be extracted from devices. They are anticipated to exceed 5 cm2/V.s. The device work will be completed by basic electrical circuit to demonstrate complementary logic. PARADA combines fundamental and applied research and integrates a broad range a research fields: nucleation and growth of molecular semiconductors, microfabrication, and device physics.

Mots clés : crystallization, molecular crystals, organic semiconductors, field effect transistors

Participants :
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 172800.0 €
Projet RCE-OPP (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Organic photo-detecting devices (OPDs) and solar cells (OSCs) both rely on thin films containing blends of electron donors and acceptors, sandwiched between transmissive and reflective electrodes. This project aims to significantly enhance the performance of such devices, by understanding and manipulating resonant optical cavity effects implemented in this simple device architecture. By tuning the cavity resonance wavelength within the optical gap of both donor and acceptor, weak absorption of intermolecular charge transfer (CT) states is significantly enhanced, opening up opportunities to extend the absorption window to longer wavelengths. Using recently reported new non-fullerene acceptors, we will fabricate and characterize wavelength selective resonant cavity enhanced OPDs with high external quantum efficiencies and short response times, operating at longer wavelengths (>1200 nm) than the current state-of-the-art OPDs. To improve OSC performance, we will tune the cavity resonance wavelength to the optical absorption peak wavelength of either the strongly absorbing donor or acceptor. This results in strong light-matter effects causing a redshift of the absorption onset. This approach will be exploited to overcome the rather large voltage losses and optical absorption losses in state-of-the-art OSC devices.

Mots clés : organic photodetector, organic solar cells, photon management, optical cavity, voltage loss, nonfullerene

Participants :
- Hasselt University (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 178320.0 €
Projet Entrans (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

All computations that use floating-point arithmetic are built on the fundamental assumption that the computation is meaningful when employing only a limited precision. The required precision typically varies throughout the computation and depends on the actual represented values. Many computations use too many bits of precision, which reduces performance and increases energy consumption. The Entrans project aims to utilize the optimal precision during a computation without loss of accuracy, which will result in higher execution speed and lower energy consumption. This idea, dubbed transprecision computing, requires novel results in numerical analysis and runtime decision making to adapt the precision of a computation on the fly. The Fellow, JunKyu Lee, is an expert in numerical analysis and will collaborate with the research group of Dr Hans Vandierendonck at Queen’s University Belfast, who are experts in high-performance and parallel computing. The Fellow will collaborate with experts in runtime systems software and with experts in computer architecture. This unique collaboration and combination of skill sets is crucial to embed dynamic, runtime behavior in numerical algorithms. This ambitious research project, in conjunction with formal training and bespoke mentoring will enhance the Fellow’s academic profile, research experience, and breadth of skill set in numerical analysis and high-performance computing. Providing fundamental insights in the runtime variation of precision requirements of numerical algorithms will improve their execution speed and energy-efficiency, but will also lay the foundation for the development of novel algorithms.

Mots clés : high performance computing, transprecision, linear system solvers, energy saving, dynamic precision, mixed precision, speedup

Participants :
- Queen's University Belfast (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet FLUDD (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Doctoral Networks - Industrial Doctorates
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

All of modern medicine is dependent on advances in chemistry and the healthcare goalposts have moved as the century has progressed. The pressing need to shorten cycle times and reduce the costs of drug discovery has led pharma and the clinicians that guide them to use scanning techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET), enabling them to increase disease understanding, study target engagement with therapeutics and improve decision making, so that only the best candidate molecules progress to the later stages of drug development. Overcoming these challenges requires multidisciplinary knowledge, and can be facilitated through stronger links between academia and Pharma. Chemical entities substituted with fluorine or fluorine-containing groups are frequently used to design drugs with improved pharmacological and pharmacokinetic profiles that provide important benefits over existing therapies, such as superior safety, efficacy, dosing, and patient compliance. Furthermore, 18F is often selected as the preferred positron-emitting isotope for the labeling of PET tracers due to its advantageous properties. The scientific objective of FLUDD is to develop novel late stage fluorination chemistry to populate the chemical and radiochemical space available for drug discovery with a focus on novel fluorine-containing fragments, molecules and biomolecules that are not directly accessible from commercial sources or the scientific literature. These novel methodologies will be applied to drugs and diagnostics discovery using both small molecules and proteins. The educational objective is to train the next generation of doctoral scientists in the practice of chemical synthesis and radiochemical methods with an in-depth appreciation of their applications in medicine. FLUDD objectives will be met with a novel Oxford-Janssen Alliance augmented with leading partners from academia, industry and the clinic.

Mots clés : 18f radiochemistry, drug discovery, pet imaging

Participants :
- University of Oxford (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 1093151.52 €
- Johnson & Johnson (United States) (Espagne) — Partner, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 247872.96 €
Projet Electroscopy (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

All-solid-state batteries(ASSB) enabled by electrochemically stable solid electrolytes represent a promising alternative to the conventional lithium batteries with liquid electrolytes which jeopardize battery safety. However, the complex charge transfer at solid-solid interfaces greatly limits the electrochemical performance of ASSB. Therefore, a detailed understanding of how the morphology, structure and chemical composition changes at the electrode-electrolyte interfaces and within the solid electrolyte particles and/or across grain boundaries on battery cycling is urgently needed. In this project, I will utilize operando transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM), to visualize the morphological, structural and chemical changes across electrode-electrolyte and electrolyte-electrolyte interfaces during battery cycling to develop new insights into ion transfer mechanisms at the atomic scale. For this, utilizing one of the best TEM facilities in the world including the expertise of TEM specialists and availability of sophisticated TEM specimen holders at the Ernst Ruska-Centre in Forschungszentrum Jülich, with state-of-the-art battery materials and battery engineering at Imperial College London and my expertise in designing and performing operando TEM battery studies, I will construct all-solid-state micro-batteries inside TEM and visualize morphological, structural and chemical changes at battery interfaces during (de)lithiation and compare these with that of liquid electrolytes to determine the best battery architecture. To evaluate how such nanoscale processes impact the performance of lab-scale ASSB batteries, SEM-based cells will be employed. The understanding of interfacial processes that dictate the potential of ASSB and new strategies to improve the battery performance developed from this project will be disseminated to a wide range of audience including battery industries, to advance ASSB technology for sustainable future.

Mots clés : all solid state battery, operando, transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope

Participants :
- Forschungszentrum Jülich (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 174806.4 €
Projet POSTURENET (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Almost every movement we make requires the coordination of multiple muscles. How the central nervous system coordinates these patterns of muscle activity remains largely unknown. Here I propose muscle networks as an innovative and principled approach towards neural interactions underlying coordinated movements and posture to address this outstanding problem. Recent findings show robust patterns of neural coupling across multiple muscles. Application of network theory has brought about a paradigm change in brain research and has been crucial for understanding how neurons and neuronal structures connect and communicate. Here I will extend the approach used to study brain networks to the neuromuscular system and investigate the neural interactions within the brain and spinal cord involved in postural control using network analysis of brain and muscle activity (EEG & EMG). By relating network structure to postural kinematics obtained using 3D motion-capture technology, I will investigate the functional role of postural networks in healthy participants performing postural tasks and to map changes in postural control across the lifespan. Cognitive control and sensorimotor functions will be assessed using standardized test and correlated with network metrics to explain variability in postural control and disentangle their role in organizing of postural networks. By combining advanced computational analyses with state-of-the-art recording techniques, the project will enable reconstructing functional interactions in the distributed motor system from non-invasive recordings. Postural networks hence offer a promising new perspective on a long-standing open question in movement neuroscience. The expertise of my supervisors and the excellent facilities at Maastricht University provide an ideal environment in which to conduct this project and establish my own research group at a leading research institute in Europe.

Mots clés : motor coordination, network physiology, brain body interactions, functional connectivity, electrophysiology

Participants :
- Maastricht University (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 187572.48 €