Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet INdifference (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Logic has often made major progress in historical circumstances that invited fierce debate and confrontation. The development of Christian thought during periods of crisis in the Church is no exception to this rule. This project explores for the first time how the philosophical notion of the differentia, a crucial term in the construction of definition in ancient logic, penetrated Christian thought and became the cardinal idea for the determination of orthodoxy during the theological debates about the nature(s) of Christ in the sixth and seventh centuries of our era, following the Council of Chalcedon (451 CE). The standard account explains these debates in terms of different interpretations of what it means for something to exist. The proposed project argues that the differentia came to be regarded as the condition of the possibility for existence as such, as the theologians improved the sophistication of their controversies by adopting and developing the terms of a logical debate among Neoplatonists in late antiquity. The theological debate on the reality and number of the nature(s) of Christ will be seen to rest on the opposition between interpreting the differentia as a real feature of reality–as the Chalcedonians did, or as merely a concept–which is the anti-Chalcedonian position. Designed as an interdisciplinary study of the interpretations and the evolution of the notion of the differentia, this project will disclose unknown chapters in the history of both theology and philosophy. At the same it will provide further support for the thesis that doctrinal wars outside philosophy were indeed waged, and settled, by adopting and developing the tools of logic. This strategy may well hold a promise for the doctrinal wars of the present, as well as for new developments in philosophy and logic.

Mots clés : ancient logic, religious conflict, anti chalcedonianism, neoplatonism, philosophical categories, differentia, genus, metaphysics of parts and wholes

Participants :
- Leiden University (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 187572.48 €
Projet PREMEDiCARE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) is a severe arrhythmogenic condition characterised by the prolongation of the QT interval on the electrocardiogram. It is caused by genetic factors (congenital) or drugs (acquired) and sudden cardiac death can be the first manifestations of the disease. Advancements in genetic screenings have revealed profound links between genotype and phenotype for LQTS, improving diagnosis, risk stratification and therapy; However, it is still poorly understood why patients with identical pathogenic mutations have different clinical phenotypes, which factors are involved in this unpredictable disease severity and how we can protect these subjects from drug treatments that are safe in the general population. We do need improved and more physiological in vitro models to simulate arrhythmias in vitro, effective for drug testing, to identify, evaluate and study factors that shape the arrhythmogenic risk in vulnerable subjects. Here I propose a precision medicine approach that uses human pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) from LQTS families (rare resources that include male, female, symptomatic and asymptomatic patients) to: i) demonstrate that the hiPSC technology can reproduce in vitro the clinical disease severity observed in symptomatic vs asymptomatic LQTS mutation carriers; ii) create an in vitro interdisciplinary pharmacological approach with proarrhythmic drugs which combines matched electrophysiological, contractile, molecular and genetic assays; iii) identify and evaluate the factors affecting the arrhythmogenic risk in predisposed subjects. This pipeline to assess arrhythmia susceptibility from patient-specific hiPSC-CMs can be applicable to other arrhythmogenic syndromes. The results of this project will contribute to reduce the use of animal models in preclinical research, to create safer, more effective drugs for humans and to promote the shift of new therapeutic approaches towards precision or personalised medicine.

Mots clés : long qt syndrome, human pluripotent stem cells, cardiomyocytes, modifier genes, drugs, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiotoxicity, hipsc, sudden cardiac death, personalised medicine, pharmacogenomics

Participants :
- Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 168277.2 €
Projet CMEQIP (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Long-coherence times, high-fidelity individual-ion control and entanglement-mediating Coulomb interactions make trapped-ion qubits a very attractive platform for quantum information processing (QIP). Entangling gates performed by coupling the internal states of ions in the same potential well via their shared motional mode have recently reached the high fidelities necessary for the implementation of quantum error correction protocols which can enable fault-tolerant QIP. However, scaling this type of gate up to long ion chains (>20 ions) is not feasible: large ion numbers lead to crowding of the motional mode spectrum of the chain, eventually preventing addressing of specific modes. Cavity-mediated ion-photon coupling is a promising avenue to scalability. Photons emitted into a shared cavity mode can be used as a quantum bus to entangle short ion arrays. If implemented between arrays of N ions, this photonic interface benefits from an N-fold enhancement of the ion-photon coupling. Strong collective coupling has been shown with neutral atoms and 3D ion crystals, but has not been performed in a system with individual-qubit control and Coulomb-mediated entanglement capabilities. Prof.Vuletic’s MIT group operates a multi-zone ion trap which holds several linear ion arrays (of up to 20 ions each) spaced along the trap axis and features an integrated optical cavity. Cooperativity measurements indicate that the strong-coupling regime should be achievable with this apparatus for cavity-mediated entanglement of arrays as short as 5 ions in length. As an MSCA fellow, I will use this trap to pursue the first demonstration of cavity-mediated entanglement of two spatially separate ion arrays. On returning to Oxford, I will implement cavity-enhanced ion-photon coupling between Sr ions in separate vacuum systems, as part of Oxford's drive to build photonically-interfaced quantum computing nodes, which currently employs inefficient free-space ion-photon coupling techniques.

Mots clés : cavity mediated ion photon coupling, remote entanglement, quantum information processing, trapped ion qubits, quantum networks

Participants :
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of Oxford (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 269857.8 €
Projet MIMe (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Long-term memory is intrinsically multisensory: after learning, the various sensory inputs related to an event are associated into an abstract representation. Multimodal representations present clear behavioural benefits for adaptation, like facilitating recognition. Nonetheless, while multisensory integration and memory are profoundly nested brain processes, little is known about the neural basis of their reciprocal influence. Is remembering multimodal, by nature? Do multisensory representations influence sensory processes? In the present project, I will elucidate these queries from a neurophysiological standpoint using a unique multiscale approach in human subjects: from the single cell to the brain network level. Specifically, I will combine the use of a micro-meso electrode prototype with surface EEG to characterize underlying neuronal oscillatory mechanisms and macroscopic aftermaths. Lastly, to direct our research I will utilize a key medium for social interaction: face-voice association, core of person identification. This multidisciplinary and innovative project will be carried out at the CerCo laboratory (CNRS, France), where a pioneer platform for intracranial recording inhuman has recently been developed. I will transfer to the host institution my expertise in advanced LFP analysis and precise three-dimensional electrode localization. Conversely, I will learn single-cell techniques, the state-of-the-art from experts in human memory and participate in oral communication trainings. Furthermore, my project action will adhere to a knowledge dissemination plan, from the scientific community for results communication to broader public audiences in order to illustrate research assets to the community. Ultimately, this research program will be a stepping-stone toward my independent line of research and as such will definitively contribute to my career advancement at the host laboratory.

Mots clés : multisensory integration, memory, human intra cranial recording, electroencephalography  eeg, local field potential  lfp, single cell recording

Participants :
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 173076.0 €
Projet CHROMA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Long-term pollution mitigation requires a better understanding of the biogeochemical processes that regulate the behavior and fate of trace metals, such as chromium (Cr), in subsurface environments. The emerging role of organic ligands, including siderophores and organic acids, in the speciation, bioavailability and mobility of trace metals is receiving increasing attention. However, the relative importance of the opposing Cr reduction and mobilization processes in sediments remain poorly constrained, and the Cr-ligand interaction has not been explicitly determined. Whilst stable isotope compositions of Cr are an effective tool for assessing biogeochemical cycling and redox processes, there have been few studies reporting the isotope effect of ligand-induced Cr mobilization. This project combines an interdisciplinary set of field sampling, controlled experiments, isotopic analysis alongside geochemical modelling, aiming to test the hypothesis that (1) solid Cr can be effectively remobilized by organic matter in reduced environment despite Cr reduction, and (2) aqueous Cr can be stabilized in the form of organic complexes with a distinct Cr isotope signature. The extent and mechanism of Cr mobilization by organic ligands under various environmental conditions will be quantified. Stable Cr isotopes in sediment pore water will be accurately determined and validated as a tracer for Cr-ligand complexation. The fate of Cr in relation to Fe and organic ligands in sediments will be predicted. This project will shed new light on the role of organic ligands in the Cr redox cycle, and will reveal the sensitivity of subsurface environments to anthropogenic activities. This project includes both the transfer of knowledge to the host institution and the training of the candidate in advanced techniques. Results from this project will be disseminated to the environmental science and geochemistry research community and to the wider public.

Mots clés : chromium, organic ligands, redox cycling, stable isotopes, sediments

Participants :
- University of Vienna (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 174167.04 €
Projet GlucoMatchMaker (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Low pH foods can attenuate the glycemic response to starch-rich foods. It has been demonstrated that lemon juice, due to its low pH (pH≈2.3), inhibited key digestive enzymes thereby interrupting gastric digestion of starch in vitro. This effect can significantly reduce the glycemic response in humans. In particular, adding lemon juice to a starch rich meal reduced the mean blood glucose concentration peak by 30%. Considering the panoply of food options available, it is likely that other combinations have similar effects but no work has been conducted to develop a consolidated knowledge base to exploit this strategy. GlucoMatchMaker will go beyond the state-of-the art by addressing this knowledge gap. The main goal is to develop and test the real-life effectiveness of the first mobile app to guide individuals on how to mix and match starchy foods with other foods/beverages to attenuate glycemic responses. The research work will employ multidisciplinary knowledge and methodologies and is divided into 4 parts (1) Selection and characterization of starch-rich foods, low-pH foods/beverages and of how their combination influences starch digestion in vitro (WP1). (2) Determination of the conditions of effectiveness of these combinations (in silico models) (WP2). (3) Development of the first mobile app that will integrate this knowledge to guide the user on how to mix and match starch-rich foods with others to lower their glycemic impact (WP3). (4) Test the effectiveness of the developed strategy in a real-life context (WP4). This project addresses the United Nations and EU target to reduce premature mortality from non-communicable diseases by one third as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The research plan was developed in the framework of “H2020 Work Programme - Health, demographic change and wellbeing”, specifically the aim to “translate new knowledge into innovative applications and accelerate large-scale uptake and deployment”.

Mots clés : starch, digestion, nutrition, glycemic response, glucose, glycemia, glycemic index

Participants :
- Teagasc - The Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority (Irlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 184590.72 €
Projet MI-SCAN (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in the world accounting for an estimated 1.8 million deaths, 18.4% of the total in 2018. Approximately 85% of lung cancers are classified as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a less aggressive form of tumor than small cell lung cancer (the remaining 15% of all lung cancers). The gold standard diagnostic methods for lung cancer patients include X-ray, low-dose CT and sputum cytology which are not efficient for early stage diagnosis of lung cancer. Lately, analysis of molecular markers has been proposed as a useful tool for cancer diagnosis in early stage. Molecular analysis of sputum is reported for identifying the cells bearing tumor-related genetic aberrations; therefore, it is specific and sensitive than cytological analysis. Furthermore, using non-invasive sputum sample have potential application for screening by molecular methods for regular health checking clinics. The proposed interdisciplinary methodology is to combine the Micro-RNA (miRNA) bioassay on microfluidic chip with Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. The goal of the project is to develop non-invasive detection of early stage (I, II) lung cancer using miRNA biomarker on-chip with multiplexed SERS technology. The overall system integrates a microfluidic device with gold particle linked with RNA probes that can capture target miRNA biomarkers for lung cancer cells. The SERS is used to generate a signal peaks when a positive test result occurs. Importantly, this biosensor platform will have several advantages over existing techniques. i) It is a label-free, amplification-free method for rapid miRNA detection. ii) The sensor platform can monitor multiple targets simultaneously. The project will eventually develop a portable and novel integrated platform by incorporating commercially available custom made portable Raman detectors for sensitive and selective detection of lung cancer at very early stage.

Mots clés : mirna diagnostics, sers detection, microfluidic chip, poc system

Participants :
- Universidade de Vigo (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 172932.48 €
Projet FuelingLPMO (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are oxidative enzymes employed by fungi to depolymerize cellulose and thus of great academic and industrial (e.g. biorefinery) interest. The exact way or ways natural electron and H2O2 supply occurs to LPMOs during natural fungal LPMO action (and activation) remains unclear. Recent evidence suggests that LPMOs benefit from two oxidative enzymes (i.e. polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) and laccases) that are active on (poly)phenolic compounds. This gives rise to a new paradigm that places lignin as a protagonist in the activation of cellulose degradation, and not simply an obstacle to biomass decay. FuelingLPMO aims to investigate if and how a novel group of uncharacterized flavoenzymes, which I and other researchers have independenlty reported to be commonly co-secreted with AA9 LPMOs by ascomycetes during lignocellulose degradation, can regulate LPMO activity by modifying lignin-derived compounds, as well as deepen the current understanding on the mechanisms involved in LPMO activation by PPOs and laccases. We will use a combination of genome database mining, proteomics analysis and enzyme synergy characterization to investigate the co-occurence of genes encoding for AA9 LPMOs and these putative LPMO regulatory enzymes among Ascomycota, validate their co-secretion during lignocellulose degradation and test their hypothesized role in the regulation of cellulose degradation by AA9 LPMOs in vitro. The project will form a collaboration between the two research laboratories that made the ground-breaking discoveries of the PPO-mediated and laccase-mediated activation of LPMOs and exploit the multi-/interdisciplinary nature of their studies. Our findings will contribute to a more detailed understanding of the network of redox reactions involved in lignocellulose degradation by ascomycetes, building on the hypothesis that such understanding can be used to design powerful enzyme systems for efficient biomass conversion into bioproducts.

Mots clés : lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase, cellulose, lignin, phenolic compounds, flavoenzymes, polyphenol oxidase, laccase, vao family, bbe like, biorefinery, reducing agent, h2o2, genomics, proteomics

Participants :
- Technical University of Denmark (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 207312.0 €
Projet METASPINE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Lytic spinal metastases are frequent in cancer patients and can weaken vertebrae, increasing the risk of fracture and leading to spine instability. Qualitative scoring systems are used by oncologists and orthopaedic surgeons to decide if the metastatic vertebrae need to be surgically treated. However these guidelines are not accurate for all those patients with middle-size lesions. An accurate, quantitative and mechanistic computational model would improve the prediction of the risk of fracture in these patients. However, such models need first to be validated against well-controlled expertiments in the laboratory. METASPINE will deliver for the first time a method to comprehensively understand the effect of the properties of bone lesions on the mechanical competence of metastatic vertebrae. In this project, lytic defects will be experimentally reproduced in the vertebrae, which will be tested under multi-axial loading conditions in order to evaluate the effect of the lesions on the displacement and strain fields distributions. A combination of state of the art in situ mechanical testing, microCT imaging and Digital Volume Correlation will be used. Simultaneously, subject specific clinical CT based finite element models of the metastatic vertebrae will be generated, validated against the experimental data, and used to simulate scenarios which cannot be reproduced experimentally. The applicant (Dr Marco Palanca) is a research fellow in the field of experimental spine biomechanics. He will apply his experimental skills to optimise the sample preparation, and mechanical testing. Moreover, the supervision, mentoring, and training provided by the host organization (University of Sheffield, Dr Dall’Ara and Integrative Musculoskeletal Biomechanics group) on imaging and subject-specific finite element modelling will complete his profile as a bioengineer with a specialization in tumour and spine biomechanics.

Mots clés : bone, finite element analyses, mechanical test, computed tomography, spine, metastasis, experimental strain analysis, digital volume correlation

Participants :
- University of Sheffield (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet MACRAME (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

MACRAME project aims at discovering the meanings that inform management accounting practices in the Creative and Cultural Industries (CCIs). The CCIs are an increasingly relevant economic sector, with high potential of growth, innovation and social inclusion. The European Commission, especially through the Creative Europe framework programme, is investing to unlock such potential. MACRAME aims at contributing to the European strategy by providing an original and innovative interpretation of the peculiarities of creative organizations, and, in particular, of the management technologies and skills used to account and control for creative processes and outputs. The research adopts an inductive case research strategy for theory building. First, a within case analysis will be made through a fieldwork in a partner organization in the CCIs, with the aim of uncovering and interpreting the contextual role of management accounting practices in a creative setting. Second, a cross-case comparison will be made, by analyzing and comparing field materials collected by the researcher during the project and during two previous stages of fieldwork in the CCIs. From the cross-case comparison, a general theorization of the meanings of management accounting in creative settings will be provided. The research project, which will last 24 months, will mainly be conducted at the Department of Operations Management (DOM) of the Copenhagen Business School (CBS), under the supervision of Professor Jan Mouritsen, while the fieldwork will be conducted during the secondment period in a partner organization. MACRAME results will be disseminated and the action communicated with tailored measures to a wide audience, including the academic community, the industry, policy makers and the general public.

Mots clés : management accounting, cultural and creative industries

Participants :
- Copenhagen Business School (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 200194.8 €