Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet EpiAnodes (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Within the past 40 years, tremendous progress has been made in both the efficiency and cost reduction of photovoltaic (PV) cells that convert sunlight to electricity. However, one of the main limitations of using solar power as an energy source is that the electricity must be used immediately or stored in a secondary device . Photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells combined in tandem with PV cells offer a solution to this problem by using solar radiation (light) to electrolyze water and generate hydrogen which can then be converted to electricity using fuel cells or be used to synthesize and store hydrocarbon fuels by hydrogenation of CO2 . The host’s (Prof. Avner Rothschild) research group at the Technion Institute of Technology in Israel has recently made a landmark advancement in the quest for efficient solar water splitting. The development of a resonant light trapping technique in ultrathin absorbing films on reflective substrates opens the possibility to overcome the greatest challenge facing efficient water splitting in α-Fe2O3 photoanodes, namely, the trade-off between optical absorption length and charge carrier collection length. The Experienced Researcher proposes a novel research plan building upon the invention and involving heteroepitaxial deposition of ultrathin Fe2O3 films for solar water splitting. The proposed research is highly innovative and will develop methods for precise control of thin microstructures and their compositions; these will allow for engineering of films that are nearly free of defects which will improve the efficiency of the photoanodes by suppressing bulk recombination and at the same time, cover novel fundamental research directions such as study of doping on α-Fe2O3 properties without entanglement from microstructural effects, heteroepitaxial multilayer structures with selective charge transport layers, and directional charge transport in α-Fe2O3.

Mots clés : heteroepitaxial, thin film, photoanode, water splitting, hematite, fe2o3, photoelectrochemical cell, coating, doping, ultrathin film, light trapping, energy conversion, metal oxide, energy storage

Participants :
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology (Israël) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 170509.2 €
Projet ROR2BONE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Wnt signaling is composed of the canonical and non-canonical pathways. Canonical Wnt signaling is dependent on β-catenin activation and has become a major focus for targeting osteoblast-mediated bone formation in the context of treating the debilitating disease osteoporosis. However, much less is known about the role of the non-canonical pathway in bone formation. Unpublished data of the host laboratory demonstrates that targeted deletion of the non-canonical Wnt signaling Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (Ror2) in osteoblasts in mice causes a high bone turnover with increased bone formation and enhanced osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. I thus hypothesize that Ror2 regulates bone remodeling by altering signaling in osteoblasts and their interaction with osteoclasts. In Aim I, I will determine cell autonomous effects of Ror2 on osteoblasts by analyzing cell differentiation, proliferation, survival, and by performing functional studies both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, since osteoblasts provide pro- and anti-differentiation signals to osteoclasts, Aim I will further explore if Ror2 alters the activity of these signals and investigate the resulting phenotypic changes in osteoclast function. In Aim II, I will undertake an in-depth experimental approach combined with an innovative bioinformatics analysis to investigate the osteoblast-specific non-canonical Wnt signaling cascade downstream of Ror2 after reconstituting Ror2-deficient cells with wild type or Ror2 mutants. Lastly, in Aim III I will directly address the therapeutic potential of Ror2 in several in vivo bone turnover models utilizing a chimeric Ror2-Fc soluble receptor. In summary, I will use state of the art in vivo and in vitro approaches to delineate the downstream Ror2 signaling cascade in osteoblasts and its functional effect on bone remodeling. This fellowship is instrumental in catalyzing career opportunities for me as it provides an ideal environment to reach my full potential.

Mots clés : ror2, non canonical wnt, osteoblast, osteoporosis, bone anabolic

Participants :
- Universität Hamburg (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 171460.8 €
Projet DCmucoHIV (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Worldwide a large proportion of all new cases of HIV-1 infection are due to anal sexual intercourse, being the anal/rectal as well as distal colonic mucosa a site of viral uptake and entry. I recently demonstrated that intestinal lamina propria resident DCs migrate towards and extend cellular processes between the tight junctions of columnar epithelium through a CCR5-dependent mechanism, take up R5 but not X4 HIV-1, and then transfer infection to susceptible T cells. Although in mice CX3CR1+DCs are deputed to shuttle microbial antigens, there is no clear idea on which subsets of DCs are located in the human GI tract, are involved in HIV infection and contribute to virus spread, its presentation or possibly to its reservoir. Moreover, the ability of DCs to shuttle the virus across the mucosa may be largely modulated by components of semen, the natural vehicle of HIV during sexual transmission. To fill these gaps I propose a comparative study in macaques and humans using a multidisciplinary approach, which will unravel the mechanism associated with rectal transmission of HIV/SIV by DCs and their modulation by semen. Specific objectives will be: 1. Define the subsets of DCs and the molecular mechanism(s) through which DCs directly sample HIV-1/SIV through the intestinal epithelium and facilitate the spread of the infection. 2. Define the impact of semen on HIV/SIV-induced DCs migration across the epithelium. 3. Determine the ability of lamina propria DCs subsets to migrate across the intestinal epithelium and to redistribute to draining lymph-nodes following in vivo exposure of Cynomolgus macaques to infectious pathogenic SIV. We expect to characterize the early events of DC-mediated intestinal transmission of HIV/SIV and thus contribute to the knowledge base needed to identify, evaluate and develop novel agents or strategies to prevent mucosal HIV transmission

Mots clés : dendritic cells, mucosal transmission, semen

Participants :
- Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 173076.0 €
Projet MITiC (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

YB-1 is one of the major mRNA binding proteins and a master regulator of translation in cancer cells. It has been recently considered as a therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer and drug-resistant cancer. However, no small molecules with high affinity and specificity against YB-1 have been proposed so far, and the structural data essential to interrogate their relevance are missing. Understanding the function of translation regulation systems in order to design drug candidates is a very delicate procedure that requires a high level of accuracy and state-of-the-art techniques. Based on a promising preliminary finding of an active compound, we will focus in depth on studying the inhibition mechanism of YB-1 in order to help design new anti-cancer drugs able to overcome drug resistance. The research approach developed in this context aims to use in synergy advanced computational and experimental techniques while overcoming all limitations in a concerted way. This work is concerned with providing a sufficiently accurate computational model that is computationally efficient, specific experimental data and combining them with data mining techniques, for a molecular-level characterization of the inhibition dynamics and thermodynamics. This project is based on a multidisciplinary approach that requires knowledge of biology, biochemistry, physical chemistry, theoretical chemistry and bioinformatics in order to contribute to the medicine of the future.

Mots clés : yb 1, cancer, drug design, nmr spectroscopy, microtubule bench, molecular dynamics, free energy simulations

Participants :
- Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 184707.84 €
Projet ZANBA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

ZANBA will combine cutting-edge, multi-scalar isotope analyses with morphological analysis of zooarchaeological remains to understand the relationships among developing elite identities, landscape use, and power consolidation in the Nuragic Culture of Bronze Age Sardinia (c. 1700-1100 BCE). Assemblages of archaeofauanas from two sites that represent the full development of the Nuragic Culture will be analysed for evidence of feasting, hunting, collection of tribute, intensification of the animal economy, and other behaviours that are used by incipient elites to promote an elite group identity and consolidate power. Specimens from these archaeofaunas representing raised, managed, and hunted animal species will then be analysed using multiple isotopes for evidence of economic intensification and expanding territorial control. The combined results of both studies will be used to construct a new narrative of internal social development within the Nuragic Culture. Such a multi-disciplinary study is unique in Nuragic Sardinia, where isotope studies have never been applied to archaeofaunas and where morphological studies have often addressed the animal economy of the Nuragic Culture as a undifferentiated whole with few attempts to understand its internal social dynamics during the Culture's 600-year development. The detailed study and reassessment of Nuragic social dynamics provided by ZANBA is necessary and timely as new archaeological discoveries are indicating that the Nuragic Culture played a larger role in European Bronze Age exchange networks than has previously been recognized.

Mots clés : zooarchaeology, isotope analysis, feasting, animal economies, social inequalities, elite identities, nuragic culture, sardinia, european bronze age, landscape control, power consolidation

Participants :
- Cardiff University (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet Life is Science 2 (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : European Researchers' Night
Statut du projet : CLOSED

acib is planning a second edition of an open event for the young general public in the frame of the European Researchers' Night in Austria. The first edition was held as a virtual event in 2020. In a next step the event is planned onsite in order to intensify the experiences in identifying connections between research and our daily life. Under the roof LifeisScience the visitors gain insights into the every-day work of researchers in the manifold fields of biotechnology and related disciplines as well as its impact to our daily life. LifeisScience offers to discover scientific contents along three dedicated story lines by visiting laboratories, contributing in experiments, interrogating scientists about puzzling questions, exchanging ideas in debates, participating in open innovation science, watching demonstrations and learning more on recent scientific discoveries. The story lines are food technology, waste management & renewable resources and health. The different activities intend to allow visitors to identify connections between research and our daily life. The principle of collecting stamps for each activity and receiving a gift for absolved story lines aims to drive visitors' motivation and, thereby, some may discover their passion for science and their preference for a research career.

Mots clés : life sciences, science communication, biotechnology, mint disciplines, open innovation

Participants :
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (Austria) (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 107873.75 €
Projet Src dimerization (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

c-Src, the first proto-oncogene to be identified, controls many aspects of tumor biology including the capacity of the cancer cells to multiply, survive, and metastasize. We recently discovered that c-Src forms dimers and that dimerization is essential for the activity of the enzyme. This represents a significant paradigm shift in our understanding of the biology of Src family kinases, which until recently were assumed to function as monomeric proteins. The discovery that c-Src functions as a dimer creates the basis for development of a novel class therapeutics in principle based on disruption of Src dimerization. Our preliminary data indicate that such dimerization inhibitors have dramatic anti-tumor activity, suggesting that the proposed research may lead to development of an effective anti-cancer therapy. The project goal is to accomplish the following specific objectives: 1. To determine the efficacy of inhibition of Src myristoylation and dimerization for treatment of cancer; 2. To develop competitive inhibitors of Src dimerization and activity. The project will also create opportunities of boosting the research and innovation capacity of Europe, for obtaining IPRs, commercialization, and setting new collaborations with top US research institutions and companies. The proposal is intended as a career development fellowship that is designed to facilitate my reintegration into the EU science and to further my career towards a leading independent research position. I am confident that the quality and excellence of science produced and the new research and complementary skills obtained during the fellowship will serve as a cornerstone for my future career advancement and mark the beginning of my new laboratory and research program.

Mots clés : cancer, tyrosine kinases, myristoylation inhibitors, targeted therapy

Participants :
- Medical University of Sofia (Bulgarie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 182721.6 €
Projet GD TCR LIGAND (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

gd T cells are the prototype of unconventional T cells and play an important role in the protection against infections and cancer. The group of David Vermijlen has recently discovered a human Vg8Vd1 T cell receptor (TCR) which was highly enriched in every individual (therfore "public") infected in utero with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and that reacts towards adult cancer cells, suggesting that it can detect signals of "cellular stress" induced in both infections and cell transformation. The major aim of this project is the identification of the ligand of this cross-reactive public Vg8Vd1 TCR. Two strategies will be adopted to address this aim. In the first strategy (indirect approach), a list of candidate ligands will be tested for the capacity to stimulate the TCR via functional assays. This list of genes is provided by gene expression profiling of target cells known to stimulate the public TCR ("stimulator cells") verus non-stimulators, as well as from data in literature. In the second strategy (direct approach), in order to isolate or "fish" the ligand from a strong stimulator cell line we plan to adopt several methods, such as: i) production of blocking antibodies, ii) generation of "gd bodies", iii) proximity dependent biotinylation (BioID). The direct binding of promising ligand candidates with the public Vg8Vd1 TCR will be further investigated by surface plasmon resonance. Finally, in order to address the potential of this project for cancer immunotherapy we will evaluate the killing of primary cancer cells expressing the ligand by public Vg8Vd1-transduced PBMCs. The background of the MSCA applicant on HCMV-host interplay will highly complement the expertise of the group of David Vermijlen on gd T cells. As the public Vg8Vd1 TCR is present in every individual, the identification of its ligand will have broad implications as a possible target for the development of novel vaccination and cancer immunotherapy strategies.

Mots clés : gammadelta t cell, cmv infection, cancer immunity, stress response

Participants :
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 160800.0 €
Projet VisPrepMem (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The visual system is an anticipatory system. For example, in order to hit a tennis ball during a match, parts of the brain calculate the future trajectory of the tennis ball based on its past travel through the air to enable you to hit the ball. A recent study by Ekman et al. (2017) demonstrated how the visual system anticipates a ball’s trajectory in such a scenario. In their functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, they found temporally compressed pattern completion in primary visual cortex for a previously learned rapid stimulus sequence (simulating a moving dot) following the presentation of only the very first stimulus. This visual preplay activity reflects an anticipation of the future trajectory of a moving object based on previous experience, thereby intersecting vision and memory. Interestingly, the mechanism of pattern completion plays a big role in the reinstatement of memory traces in classical memory experiments. Whether the visual preplay effect is similar to the pattern completion in memory reinstatement, and whether the memory replay effect might be guided by visual preplay is currently unknown. The proposed project will provide a better understanding of the nature of the visual preplay effect and its relation to memory. It will investigate the neural oscillations induced by the visual preplay effect together with its temporal unfolding, providing insight into information processing and communication between brain areas. It will also examine a possible link between this visual effect and memory by embedding the preplay experiment into a memory paradigm. The combination of magnetoencephalography (MEG) and fMRI methods together with state-of-the-art signal processing and machine learning will enable a comprehensive investigation of this effect at the boundary between vision and memory, thereby advancing our understanding of both the visual and memory system and, in particular, their interplay.

Mots clés : cognitive neuroscience, visual neuroscience, memory, magnetoencephalography  meg, functional magnetic resonance imaging  fmri, neural oscillations, predictive coding, visual preplay effect

Participants :
- Radboud University Nijmegen (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 175572.48 €
Projet HyQuIP (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The weirdness of quantum physics is among the most counterintuitive properties of nature. It is traced back to the early theoretical discussions on entanglement between Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr in the 1930s, which was then experimentally observed in the 1980s and became central in quantum information processing, communication and sensing schemes over the past decade. Utilizing the quantum nature of photons has so far been limited to small number of qubits, while being performed on table-top experimental setups composed of a large number of macroscopic components. This sets a limit to the complexity and efficiency of experiments that can be carried out. In HyQuIP, hybrid quantum integrated photonic circuits will be developed to generate, manipulate, and detect photons all on-a-chip to remove the bottlenecks currently limiting scalability of quantum science experiments. Our integrated approach will realize important milestones for fundamental understanding of the quantum nature of photons in addition to on-chip quantum computing to realize the ambitious schemes that have been put forward by theorists over the past decade. We will demonstrate the first fully-integrated, from generation to detection, quantum transceiver with multi-qubit inference on chip. Furthermore, we will explore the exciting regime of reducing the bandwidth of single-photons to zero in a dynamic photonic device. HyQuIP will not only open up new fundamental tests based on the quantum nature of reality and entanglement, it will also open up new applications: In quantum metrology providing superior sensitivity to classical schemes. Also in quantum imaging and lithography where multi-qubit quantum states can achieve super resolution beating the Rayleigh criterion for diffraction limit. The possibility to manipulate and measure quantum states on a single chip beyond two particles is bound to boost the implementation of practical quantum computing schemes.

Mots clés : quantum dots, nanowires, single photon, cnot, aln photonics

Participants :
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 185857.2 €