Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet EPISTEMEBEHAVIOUR (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The project addresses the problems emerging from the application of the behavioural sciences to policymaking. These applications refer to research in cognitive psychology, behavioural economics, decision theory and are supposed to provide the knowledge necessary to make policy that is effective. The aim of the project is to analyse how the latest findings in the behavioural sciences are used in policy contexts, to address the challenges which this use provokes, as well as to advance a novel approach to an analysis of behavioural sciences and policy, informed by philosophy of science. ‘Nudging’ is an example of a new approach to regulation, elicited by the application of the behavioural sciences to policymaking. This approach has polarized scholars and practitioners into fierce critics and devoted enthusiasts. The project intends to go beyond the topics discussed recently in the debate on nudging and behaviourally-informed regulations, and to demonstrate the salient epistemic dimension of the behavioural sciences applied to policy. It will be argued that only then we able to understand why we are facing the current behavioural turn in public policy, and what type of advice is – and can be – expected from the behavioural sciences in the science-based approach to policy-making. The analysis advanced in the project follows the methodology pioneered by Helen Longino in her philosophical work on studying human behaviour. The project will be pursued at Stanford Philosophy Department, where Prof. Longino is affiliated, and at Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence in the Philosophy of the Social Sciences (TINT) in Helsinki.

Mots clés : nudging, behavioural sciences and policy, philosophy and methodology of the behavioural research, philosophy of science, social epistemology

Participants :
- University of Helsinki (Finlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 169728.0 €
- Stanford University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet SWORD (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Staff Exchanges
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The project aims to combine the expertise and resources of four academic groups working at the frontiers of material research and two SMEs, one engaged in producing commercial medical materials as well as having own research capacities. The Consortium plans to develop wound dressings which an be rated as a radical innovation in the area of chronic wound care. Our efforts will concentrate on the design of a new product which will combine diagnostic and therapeutic actions and facilitate wound healing, while at the same time minimize treatment costs and optimize wound management thus positively influencing patient's wellbeing. A range of new composites derived from naturally occurring materials, such as chitin and halloysite combined with colloids will be studied. The ensuing hybrid materials will be processed using micro- and nano-manipulating tools, including roll-to-roll and electrospinning technologies. A thorough characterization program will be undertaken in order to understand the molecular-level interactions between the composite components. The determination of materials structure will allow a complete understanding of how their properties originate so that they can be tailored to precisely fit their application. The dressing will feature diagnostic sensors capable of measuring pH, humidity, temperature and associated bacterial activity as well as a highly absorbent layer designed to drain the wound and release therapeutic agents. Each member of the Consortium is well-resourced in terms of facilities, infrastructure and technology transfer support so as to provide an ideal environment for the research program, the training of younger researchers and the exploitation of findings. Leveraging from nationally funded grants and actively engaging in research exchanges while seeking to produce a radical innovation in the area of 'smart' dressings the project will address all three key drivers of the knowledge-based society, namely research, education an innovation.

Mots clés : chitosan, hybrid nanostructures, langmuir blodgett films, smart dressings

Participants :
- Slovak Academy of Sciences (Slovaquie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 96600.0 €
- Romanian Academy (Roumanie) — Partner, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 96600.0 €
- Methodist University of São Paulo (Brésil) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Inocure sro (Rép. Tchèque) — Partner, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 55200.0 €
- National University of Ireland (Irlande) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 41400.0 €
- Grade medical sro (Rép. Tchèque) — Partner, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 13800.0 €
- National Institute for Materials Science (Japon) — Partner, organization partner, Recherche, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet Stein-ML (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Mathematics
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The project aims to develop quality measures for approximations in machine learning and statistics, using tools of probability and functional analysis, such as Stein's method and functional inequalities. Approximate inference techniques have been used in the recent years as a way to speed up the learning process, which is particularly important in the era of big data. It is, however, necessary for researchers to be able to measure the error of the associated approximations. Indeed, wrong variance or mean estimates in applications related, for instance, to modelling infectious diseases, may have highly negative outcomes. In this project, I will concentrate on three specific aspects of this problem. I will firstly propose tools for measuring the quality of posterior approximations in Gaussian Process inference. In order to do this, I will use the theory of Stein discrepancies which has already been successfully applied, in the context of Bayesian inference, to finite-dimensional distributions. I will combine it with the recent developments in probability theory related to Stein's method for infinite-dimensional measures. Secondly, I will construct a tool for a simultaneous study of the rate of convergence and the output quality of MCMC schemes based on discretising diffusion processes. Both those objects may be analysed using the infinitesimal generator of the underlying diffusion. Indeed, for the former we may apply the associated log-Sobolev or Poincare inequalities and, for the latter, utilise the associated Stein operator. The resulting tool will help users choose (or construct) an algorithm which is simultaneously fast and robust. Thirdly, I will construct a Gaussian-Process goodness-of-fit test, allowing users to test whether the given data come from a marginal of a particular GP. In order to do this, I will use infinite-dimensional Stein’s method together with techniques used recently to construct kernel goodness-of-fit tests based on Stein discrepancies.

Mots clés : approximate bayesian inference, stein s method, gaussian processes, mcmc, goodness of fit tests, log sobolev inequality, poincare inequality, sdes, variational inference

Participants :
- University of Luxembourg (Luxembourg) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 186451.2 €
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet SurfProHeat (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The project aims to gain a new understanding on the effects of the surface properties on fundamental mechanisms in boiling heat transfer. The insight gained will provide guidelines for designing smart surfaces for more efficient and safer thermal applications. The approach consists in tackling the problem with the most advanced experimental diagnostic and sophisticated numerical simulations. The researcher demonstrates to have a clear foundation to successfully develop the project because of his solid background in two-phase heat transfer, his proficiency in measurement techniques, his strong expertise in nanotechnology and his very good computational skills. MIT and UoB are outfitted respectively with unique and ad-hoc experimental and numerical capabilities to achieve the objectives of the proposal. The fellowship will boost the researcher’s expertise towards a position of excellence by enhancing his experimental skills with cutting-edge techniques and diversifying his profile with numerical techniques and transferable skills valuable for his career prospects. The fellowship will establish a new network between the organizations and increase the internationalization of the researcher aiming to become an independent and mature research leader. The project fits into different pillars of Horizon 2020: 1) Societal Challenges: Secure, clean, and efficient energy. It aims to provide new knowledge to increase the efficiency and enhance the safety of different energy processes (important for reducing the CO2 emissions); 2) Excellence Science: Future and Emerging Technologies. It aims to identify the surface effects on heat transfer mechanisms, which could be exploited for developing new energy technologies; 3) Industrial Leadership: Nanotechnologies, Advanced Materials, Advanced Manufacturing and Processing, and Biotechnology. It involves nanotechnology to engineer the surfaces that could be scaled up to industrial applications.


Participants :
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of Brighton (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 230416.32 €
Projet CALCULATORES (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The project aims to investigate the tradition of the Oxford Calculators and the influence their works had on early-modern logic and natural philosophy. The Calculators were a group of scholars active in 1325-1350, connected to the tradition of sophismata. An element of novelty in their works is that logical techniques were usually applied to the discussion of mathematical and physical issues. Moreover, their sophismata often involved the use of thought experiments, aimed at challenging and revising parts of the Aristotelian physics, in which many sorts of intricate non-naturalistic cases and impossible scenarios were posited as imaginable. The project firstly aims at reviewing our knowledge of the Calculators’ tradition, along with their academic and cultural context. This will be done mainly through a historical methodology, combining paleographical techniques and archival research. The second objective is to assess whether the Calculators developed a consistent theory of modalities, and how this would be connected to other theories available in the 13th and 14th century. This will require cataloguing and analysing the use of imaginable cases, and individuating the various senses of possibility that are at play in them. A third aim is to evaluate the impact that the Calculators’ works had on early-modern philosophy, and to determine to what extent the Calculators’ achievements in the areas of mathematics and physics (together with their thought-experiment methodology) contributed to the shift from medieval scientific paradigms to a modern view of science. The project combines many disciplines into investigating authors that have played an important - albeit overlooked - role in the history of philosophy and science. Besides its historical interest, the project is related to many significant philosophical issues, such as the ones concerning the nature and varieties of modalities, or the role that thought experiments play in philosophical and scientific methodology.

Mots clés : oxford calculators, medieval logic, history of modal logic, medieval natural philosophy, early modern natural philosophy, history of science, history of physics, thought experiments, modalities

Participants :
- University of Toronto (Canada) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of Parma (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 255768.0 €
Projet MIGHT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The project aims to offer a theoretical framework for a significant yet under-explored set of phenomena which I will call ‘moral impossibility’ (MI), and to use the theoretical understanding achieved to propose a new approach to intractable moral conflict. MI refers to what – for moral reasons – lies outside the range of possibilities available in one’s choices. While empirical and logical impossibilities are widely accepted, moral ones are far less obvious, yet they shape and delimit, often silently, all choices. These include the possibilities we never consider, those we cannot make sense of (e.g. because too morally abhorrent), and those we consider but cannot bring ourselves to carry out. Neglecting the role of MI leads to crucial misrepresentations of situations of conflict in contemporary philosophy. Using recent case-studies, I propose to analyse intractable moral conflict in terms of moral possibilities that are not shared between the parties, in opposition to the dominant ‘disagreement’ model. The objectives of the research are 1) to construct a conceptual framework of MI, 2) to conduct a normative analysis of its most controversial manifestations, and 3) to use the conceptual and normative frameworks to offer a new understanding of the causes, meaning, and possible resolution, of intractable moral conflict. Each objective corresponds to a work package with a distinct methodology and contributing to a different branch of ethics: moral theory/moral psychology, normative ethics, and applied ethics. The action, proposed at a crucial stage in my research career, will be carried out at the Centre for Ethics as Study in Human Value at the University of Pardubice, where I will be trained in its distinctive research methods, case study analysis, and included in its wide European and global networks, and where I will in turn set up a new Czech-Irish link with my home institution (UCD)'s Centre for Ethics in Public Life.

Mots clés : ethics, possibility, impossibility, moral psychology, moral commitment, intractable moral conflict, choice, deliberation, moral theory, applied ethics, normative ethics, action

Participants :
- University of Pardubice (Rép. Tchèque) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 144980.64 €
Projet UCEEDM (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The project aims to show that the electron's electric dipole moment (eEDM) could be measured with an unprecedented precision of 10^{-31} e cm by using ultracold polar molecules. Such a measurement would be a demanding test of theories beyond the Standard Model of particle physics, and a search for the undiscovered forces responsible for the observed asymmetry between matter and anti-matter in the Universe. The key advance that will unlock this extraordinary sensitivity is interferometry with molecules cooled to ultracold temperature. I will make an intense, slow-moving beam of YbF molecules, which are known to be exceptionally sensitive to the eEDM. I will then apply laser cooling in both transverse directions to bring the temperature below 50 microkelvin, yielding a highly-collimated molecular beam. Next, I will build a spin interferometer using these ultracold molecules. Finally, by paying careful attention to noise sources, especially magnetic field noise, I will show that the interferometer can reach the sensitivity set by the quantum projection noise. Laser cooling of molecules is a new technique, and I will be the first to use it to enhance the sensitivity of a measurement that tests fundamental physics.


Participants :
- Imperial College London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet DalitzCPviolation (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The search for sources of CP violation beyond the Standard Model is a high priority in contemporary particle physics. The violation of the CP symmetry is one of the necessary conditions to generate an asymmetry between matter and antimatter, as is observed in the Universe. The LHCb experiment has observed very large CP asymmetries in decays of B mesons to final states containing three charged particles. It is not yet clear whether these effects can be explained within the context of the Standard Model, or whether new dynamics are required. This proposal aims to address this challenge by bringing together the relevant experience and expertise of the researcher and the host institute. The decays of interest will be studied using the Dalitz plot analysis technique, which will allow to establish the dynamics causing the CP violation. The project requires the development and use of several novel approaches to the description of the decay amplitude, and will lead to significance advances in knowledge.

Mots clés : beyond the standard model, cp violation, dalitz plot analysis

Participants :
- University of Warwick (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet IDEAL (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The second most important cause of death and morbidity in Europe is cancer and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL) is the most common paediatric cancer and cause of cancer-related death before 20 years. In up to 7% of cases, the disease is caused by rearrangements of the genetic regulator DUX4 to the IGH locus, giving rise to the DUX4-IGH fusion. While ectopic expression of DUX4 induces cell death, DUX4-IGH drives transformation. Even though the two proteins share the same DNA binding domain (dbd), DUX4 and DUX4-IGH drive the transcription of non-overlapping target genes. Through proteomics, my lab identified a specific DUX4-IGH inhibitor, which directly binds to DUX4-IGH dbd blocking the activation of target genes. Based on this evidence, the goal of IDEAL is to test the antileukemic activity of the inhibitor in pre-clinical settings. Using cellular models, I will test the ability of the inhibitor to block transformation driven by DUX4-IGH. I expect to see a significant inhibition of DUX4-IGH driven transformation in the presence of its inhibitor, associated with reduced proliferation, clonogenic and self-renewal potential. To test the efficacy of DUX4-IGH inhibition in leukemia development, I will employ animal models (murine bone marrow transplantation assays and patient derived xenografts of DUX4-IGH B-ALL) and assess disease latency in the presence or absence of the inhibitor. I predict that the inhibitor will block or significantly delay DUX4-IGH B-ALL. Pre-clinical validation of the DUX4-IGH inhibitor will help defining effective therapeutic strategies for DUX4-IGH B-ALL patients, improving clinical outcome and lowering treatment toxicity, thus overall promoting Europe's healthcare. Through IDEAL I will expand my expertise in leukaemia research and I will acquire project management and leadership abilities that will foster my personal and professional development as an independent scientist.

Mots clés : acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, pdx models, fusion oncogene, pre clinical studies

Participants :
- Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 171473.28 €
Projet SPIN (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Doctoral Networks
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The seismic wavefield carries the imprint of material it crossed. We now understand that seismic wavefields alter the material when they pass through it and that these changes are measurable. This is important, because the dynamic response of Earth’s material directly affects our societies: geomaterial alterations are associated with many natural hazards, such as volcanic eruptions, landslides, earthquakes, and the structural health of civil structures such as bridges and buildings. Traditional seismic sensors - global and regional networks of seismometers - provide us with high temporal resolution, but sparse spatial resolution. Right now, new sensing technologies (fiber-optic cables (DAS), large-N arrays, rotation sensors) are emerging that can give us much more detailed spatial information about how the seismic wavefield behaves. This means that we can study changes in local material properties, and investigate complex behavior of materials as they deform under small strain. These sensing technologies are reaching a level of maturity where they can be incorporated into common seismological observation practice. For this new era of seismological instrumentation and observation fundamentally new skills need to be developed. In SPIN, we will train the next generation of scientists to develop novel views about the dynamic behaviour of Earth materials, and in particular how to observe them with the revolutionary new sensing systems at hand. It is currently enigmatic how to combine these sensor types to optimize resolution power. This research and training will impact the way we understand solid Earth processes, how we interrogate the Earth’s geomechanical behavior, and the way we forecast natural hazards.

Mots clés : seismic instrumentation, ground motion observation, ambient noise seismology

Participants :
- Universität Hamburg (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 505576.8 €
- Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies (Irlande) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 274684.32 €
- Institut de physique du globe (France) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 274802.04 €
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (Allemagne) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 505576.8 €
- Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences (Allemagne) — Partner, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 505576.8 €
- Université Grenoble Alpes (France) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 549604.08 €
- Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology (Suisse) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 562553.28 €
- UK Research and Innovation (Royaume-Uni) — Partner, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 303172.56 €
- University of Edinburgh (Royaume-Uni) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 606345.12 €