Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet KnowEvoIAndIdeasMkt (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The Evolution of Knowledge shapes our policy choices. Researchers decide what to research, with whom to collaborate, and how much to invest into discovery. While researchers enjoy institutionalized or implicit scientific freedom, two categories govern the researcher's decision which question to address and how much effort to exert: (i) prior knowledge and (ii) the market for ideas.  Prior knowledge is vital to determine how knowledge evolves. Researchers stand on the shoulders of giants and use conjectures derived from previous discoveries when they address problems. They assess their ex ante prospects on finding an answer by looking at related findings. However, researchers also operate in the market for ideas. Careers depend on how marketable an idea is, how well researchers exploit synergies and complementarities with collaborators, what topics range high on the policy agenda, and what funding opportunities the researcher can access. In sum, how much effort the researcher invests depends crucially on the market for ideas.  Our work combines these two aspects and proposes a flexible model to predict the researcher's choice and determine the evolution of knowledge over time. The model is set up with the data in mind to be able to derive meaningful counterfactuals. We can derive implications for designing the market for ideas, e.g., through adapting the funding architecture. We address questions such as: When should funding focus on cost reductions (e.g., grants), when on rewards (e.g., prizes)? When should we push for "moonshot discoveries" when for incremental research? Should researchers collaborate with experts on similar topics reducing coordination efforts, or with more distant ones exploiting complementarities? Should we let researchers compete on the same topic increasing the probability of finding a solution, or should we urge researchers to differentiate, increasing the number of questions covered?

Mots clés : knowledge, innovation, null results, research funding, innovation dynamics

Participants :
- Université de Berne (Suisse) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Université Charles-III de Madrid (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 203891.04 €
Projet PERSEVERE (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The novel development of Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), which incorporate the constraints given by physics laws into the training process, as excellent means of computing fluidic fields and their characteristics such as velocity and pressure has open the gates to numerous applications. One of them is the data enhancement of experiments, since PINNs can reconstruct by means of applying the Navier-Stokes equations as loss function the full fluid domain in areas where experiments are limited by technology. On the other hand, the development of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) as robust networks with excellent precision but excessive computational costs leaves the door open to further investigate new applications where PINNs and GANs can be combined to amplify their strengths and reduce their weak points. One of those applications regards the forecast of severe weather conditions, where PINNs are useful to compute the fluidic behavior of storms approaching a certain location, whereas GANs can incorporate many additional parameters, such as wind speed, humidity, temperature and electric content, which may be essential to determine if in the following 48h a certain location is going to suffer from severe weather conditions. The estimation and forecast of storms is essential to the air transport industry, since the losses incurred due to delays and deviations of air traffic caused by the presence of storms have been reported to be over $38.5 billion in USA. The development of a computational architecture which is able to determine if severe weather events are going to take place within the next 48h is therefore of crucial importance. There exists no model nor application in which the combined strengths of PINNs and GANs have been put into practice, one to rapidly estimate the fluidic behaviour of a moving storm, the second to calculate the properties of the field with high precision.

Mots clés : aerodynamics, air transport, severe weather forecast, meteorology, neural networks

Participants :
- KTH Institut royal de technologie (Suède) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Université Charles-III de Madrid (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 165312.96 €
Projet GENVIOMADRID (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Gender-based violence is now recognized as a global social problem. Worldwide figures on the number of women killed by male spouses reflect the magnitude of the phenomenon. However, its impact was greater in the past, as academic research in early modern Europe and America shows. Such was the case in Madrid. GENVIOMADRID examines the prevalence and evolution of gender-based violence in eighteenth-century Madrid to assess its impact, noting shifts and continuities in the way it was viewed and condemned by the courts and society. Violence against women in eighteenth-century Madrid remains an under-researched topic that requires further analysis. Based on extensive archival research and an interdisciplinary and comparative approach, GENVIOMADRID aims to fill this gap focusing on the study of marital violence against women and examining the case of Madrid in a wider European and global context. It favours a comparison between Madrid and major colonial cities in Spanish America to identify the social and cultural factors that influence changes in the incidence of, and responses to, gender-based violence in societies that, while very different, shared certain legal frameworks, judicial institutions and penal practices. By addressing key contemporary issues and placing gender-based violence in a historical context, it offers an empirical and theoretical background for tackling this social problem today. The action will be carried out at Harvard University in the outgoing phase, supervised by Prof. Tamar Herzog, and at the University of Cantabria during the return phase, under the supervision of Prof. Tomás A. Mantecón Movellán. It will provide interdisciplinary research training in early modern gendered legal and judicial history, colonial Latin American history, and global and transnational history, under the expert guidance of the supervisors, as well as transferable skills. Project results will be made available through a strong dissemination and communication program.

Mots clés : early modern history gender based violence crime and justice women s studies social history urban history transatlantic history comparative studies

Participants :
- Université Harvard (Etats-Unis) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Université de Cantabrie (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 397206.72 €
Projet SOSS-PN (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Adoption of new, low-carbon processes like adsorption-based separation and refrigeration is essential to drive Europe’s net zero transition and achieve the targets of the European Green Deal. Advanced porous nanomaterials like metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are key enabling technologies to achieve this goal, however their adoption is stymied by a chicken-and-egg problem: identifying the most cost-effective MOF for each application, and investing sufficient research time to reduce synthesis costs for the best candidates. In this fellowship I will address this dual challenge by developing a holistic platform to systematise MOF synthesis methodology research, hence both accelerating and generalising the hunt for an optimal synthesis method. Using a combination of text mining and molecular simulations, I will construct a semantic knowledge graph representation for the synthesis of the common MOF UiO-66, creating a database of synthesis methods connected to to material quality profiles. Once created, I will develop a UiO-66 synthesis “oracle” – a machine learning model which can generate novel synthesis procedures from target material quality profiles. I will then refine the synthesis oracle functions experimentally using Bayesian active learning to identify the global optimum synthesis parameters with respect to several quality metrics. Finally, I will transfer the UiO-66 synthesis oracle to a family of related MOF materials, using further lab synthesis and active learning to fine-tune the quality of these secondary MOFs. This new paradigm in nanomaterial synthesis optimisation will be transformative in the field of synthesis optimisation and intensification, representing a novel approach that is generalisable to any synthesis target. In turn, completion of this fellowship will perfectly position me to transition into an independent academic career at the interface of digital chemistry and process intensification.


Participants :
- Université de Gand (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 200400.0 €
- IBM (Brazil) (Brésil) — Partner, associated partner, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 0.0 €
Projet WHALEBONE (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The Whalebone project builds upon new advances in the study of past human adaptations to coastal environments, focusing on a key case study: early interactions between Late Upper Palaeolithic foragers and cetaceans at the end of the Last Glaciation in Western Europe. Over the last decade, a growing body of evidence suggests that the exploitation of whales could have been one of the significant factors underlying the development of early coastal economies during the Magdalenian culture, between 18,000 to 15,000 years ago. The recent identification of 54 whale bone artefacts in the Cantabrian region (northern Spain) during the previous postdoctoral research of the PR, to which can be added the 109 previously known Pyrenean examples, revealed the existence of regular and structured communication networks for the long-distance circulation of these marine resources. However, these studies focused only on the Bay of Biscay and it is still unclear whether this phenomenon was a strictly local adaptation or was part of a wider, shared coastal economy connecting different parts of Europe. To test this hypothesis, Whalebone proposes to identify cetacean bone objects outside the Pyreneo-Cantabrian region, focusing on the Spanish coasts. As many Magdalenian sites are close to the paleo-shorelines that yielded rich osseous industries, the Mediterranean coast is a particularly crucial area of investigation. Direct (dolphin bones) and indirect (whale barnacles) evidence for the exploitation of cetaceans in its southern part confirms the early interest and management of marine mammals. A multi-proxy approach beyond traditional zooarchaeology, including the first use of an innovative ancient proteomic technology (ZooMS), together with a minimally invasive dating program of cetacean bone objects, will be undertaken by Whalebone in order to address long-standing questions about long-term forager mobility patterns, regional interactions and coastal adaptations on a European scale.

Mots clés : north atlantic, southwestern europe, late upper palaeolithic, magdalenian culture, osseous technology, coastal adaptations, early marine mammal exploitation, communication networks

Participants :
- Université de Cambridge (Royaume-Uni) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Université de Cantabrie (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 181152.96 €
Projet NASCAP (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Bulk nanobubbles (i.e. bubbles with a sub-micrometer size) are believed to have a diverse range of potential applications in fields such as: waste treatment, cleaning and purification technologies, biomedicine, food processing, drag reduction, sonoreactors and sonocatalysis. However, rigorous scientific evidence on how bulk nanobubbles (BNBs) may remain stably in solution is to date not existent. A number of methods for BNBs generation using mechanical, chemical or electrochemical approaches have been reported, but very few studies deal with confirming their gaseous nature. In nearly all research papers the size distribution of the BNBs is obtained from laser scattering, which can not discriminate bubbles form pollutant droplets or nanoparticles. That lead to considerable discussion on stabilized BNBs existence. Recently, we have shown that laser cavitation is a ''clean'' way to produce BNBs, while acoustic assisted bubble detection demonstrated the gaseous nature of the observed objects. That will constitute the main experimental strategy in the proposed project. The overall objective is to establish scientific basis for bulk nanobubbles research by providing conclusive answers to fundamental questions like: What is the underlying physical mechanics for which such small bubbles may remain stably suspended in liquids for long times?; and What is the potential of nanobubbles on water/waste treatment and surface cleaning? The goal is not only of a purely academic nature, aiming also to lay the foundation of a sound scientific exploitation of the nanobubble technology in the long term. In the long term, this project will contribute to the development of devices to remove particulate and non-polar contamination from surfaces. Accordingly, "real" problems will be addressed by laboratory scale trials on bacterial removal from a hydraulic circuit with the components found in a typical water distribution network, under different flow regimes and BNBs concentrations.

Mots clés : nanobubbles bubble diffusive stability laser cavitation bubble shockwave interaction optical microscopy surface cleaning water remediation

Participants :
- Université de Ljubljana (Slovénie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 155559.36 €
- Université Otto von Guericke de Magdebourg (Allemagne) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet BioCataDrops (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Bio-inspired catalysis in aqueous coacervate droplets: towards a softer chemistry Recent advancements in modern synthetic chemistry have aligned with the imperative of reducing environmental impact, driving the emergence of a more sustainable chemistry, inspired by nature. In organic chemistry, the formation of C-C bonds is pivotal but often necessitates the use of both metal and organic solvents. However, a non-enzymatic approach to forge C-C bonds in water has been demonstrated through the Stetter reaction, a bio-inspired process catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) and thiamin cofactor mimics. Due to their limited water solubility, organic substrates generate water-isolated organic droplets, effectively promoting the Stetter reaction despite NHC's sensitivity to hydrolysis. Our objective is to investigate the Stetter reaction within polymer-rich aqueous microdroplets known as "coacervates," which emulate primitive models of early living cells. Similar to micellar chemistry, these droplets possess a hydrophobic inner core, facilitating the spontaneous uptake and accumulation of organic molecules. We hypothesize that coacervates can serve as microreactors for C-C bond synthesis, catalyzed by newly designed azolium-based organocatalysts compatible with coacervates. Our aim is to demonstrate in-situ C-C bond formation via a model Stetter reaction and explore the molecular mechanism, akin to an "on-water" environment, while considering the impact of coacervates' internal polarity on reaction kinetics, yield, and selectivity. Altogether, our findings will broaden horizons in sustainable bio-inspired chemistry, enhancing the soft chemistry toolbox and potentially inaugurating a new realm of research: bio-inspired organic synthesis within coacervates. Significantly, the chemical synthesis of complex molecules in coacervates could also shed light on mechanisms that could have led to the formation of Life’s molecules in protocells before enzymes emerged.

Mots clés : organocatalysis, carbene, coacervate, bioinspired systems, chemistry in water

Participants :
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 211754.88 €
Projet LETMEAGE (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Mathematics
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The goal of LETMEAGE is to develop innovative methodologies for longitudinal aging metrics and the identification of personalised preventive interventions aimed at extending the healthspan and well-being in older age. The proposed framework views the aging individual as a complex system in which the dimensions of aging - from cellular mechanisms to disease and physical and cognitive function - interact dynamically with each other and with external factors (e.g., socioeconomic, environmental). Specifically, mathematical and statistical methods for longitudinal data will be extended and implemented to reflect clinically accurate and biologically detailed geroscience models. The methodology proposed in LETMEAGE will enable the estimation of subject-specific determinants of the aging process - including their impact on the lifespan- and personalised predictions. Additionally, tailored microsimulation methods will be developed to perform data-driven scenario analyses, estimating the long-term expected gain of hypothetical preventive interventions targeting risk factors for accelerated aging. Following methodological validation through simulations and real-data applications from two longitudinal population-based studies, all methods for estimation, model diagnostics, predictions, and scenario analyses will be integrated into an open-source software package. LETMEAGE is a highly interdisciplinary project combining applied mathematics, scientific computing, biostatistics, aging, and geroscience toward a more holistic approach to aging and geroscience research. By providing robust and advanced analytical methods, LETMEAGE will lead to the efficient utilization of high-quality longitudinal data to address the dramatic demographic increase of the older population. Ultimately, LETMEAGE will support the implementation of a personalized preventive framework toward healthy aging.

Mots clés : geroscience, healthy ageing

Participants :
- Institut Karolinska (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 252180.0 €
- Université de Bordeaux (France) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Instituts américains de la santé (Etats-Unis) — Partner, associated partner, Recherche, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet ECATSURF (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : SIGNED

ECATSURF aims to develop efficient electrodes with superior performance towards oxygen electrocatalysis. Surface reconstruction, a key phenomenon to oxygen electrocatalysis, will be experimentally probed using the expertise from three participating institutes in Eindhoven, Berlin and Erlangen. This project will focus on design of transition metal silicates (TMS) using Co, Fe, Ni, and Mo which are low cost and promising materials for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The highly efficient TMS electrocatalysts will be prepared using a two-step method involving advanced deposition technique and wet chemical route. The novelty of the project is development of TMS on highly conducting metallic substrates. The oxide precursors for TMS will be deposited as thin films on variety of Ni substrates using pulsed laser deposition. Surface reconstruction of OER and ORR will be supported by the removal of non-redox silicate ions from the electrocatalyst under alkaline conditions. This will effectively boost the interaction of electrolytes to the redox active centers leading to enhanced catalysis. The real-time monitoring of the surface reconstruction is still a challenge to determine the mechanism via reaction intermediate monitoring. Multiple operando techniques like X-ray absorption, Raman, infrared and mass spectroscopy will illuminate the kinetics of dynamic surface reconstruction pathway for this project. These reaction dynamics are key to designing improved electrocatalysts for a renewable energy transition into sustainable economy. This project involves the synergy from interdisciplinary experts in material chemistry, thin-film technology, electrochemistry, and operando spectroscopy by Dr. Bieberle, Prof. Dau and Dr. Cherevko and MSCA-PF fellow. It will equip the researcher with scientific expertise, and international training to foster leadership and project management skills augmenting her way to an independent academic career in EU.

Mots clés : surface reconstruction, transition metal electrocatalysts, operando spectroscopy, pulsed laser deposition, oxygen evolution reaction

Participants :
- Nederlandse organisatie voor wetenschappelijk onderzoek (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 232916.16 €