Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet RUSNAT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

As nationalist sentiments are on the rise among broader Russian public, nationalist actors may exercise a more significant role in Russian politics. The main objectives of RUSNAT are: 1) to analyse the impact of the events in Ukraine on representative organizations of grassroots nationalism in Russia; 2)to analyse the ideologies of Russian nationalists and the Russian government with respect to the events in Ukraine;3)to develop a theoretical and conceptual framework appropriate for the analysis of the impact of Russian nationalists’ activism on the government’s foreign policy towards neighbouring countries with Russian populations, e.g. the Baltic states. They will be achieved through Discourse Analysis, Critical Discourse Analysis and close reading of primary sources generated by nationalists and representatives of Russian foreign policy from 2014 to 2016. I will construct a database covering nationalist frames, elite discourse (civic, ethnic, imperialist), and nationalist disruptive events. The influence of nationalists will be considered as positive if a nationalist frame is adopted by the elite discourse at a later date and if elite discourse changes after sudden disruption events organized by the nationalists. This research offers insight into the influence of nationalist actors on policy-making in post-communist societies; it helps assess the extent to which in non-democratic contexts foreign policy is driven by nationalist ideals in its initial phases; it contributes to our understanding of Russia’s relations with neighbouring countries with Russian populations and with the European Union as a geostrategic partner with whom Russia shares this neighbourhood; and, it will help us understand whether the growing influence of nationalist actors directly encourages the radicalization of Russian policies in near abroad. This is relevant for the design and implementation of EU policies regarding its Eastern neighbourhood and strategic partnership with Russia.

Mots clés : nationalism, russia, ukraine, social movements

Participants :
- University of Manchester (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet MRRI-MENA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

As of 2000 the stock of migrants in the Global South has been growing at a faster rate than in the Global North, and as of 2016 countries in the Global South host eighty-four per cent of the world’s refugees. Yet the majority of academic literature on migration examines movement from the Global South to the Global North, and there is significantly less theorization about how host countries in the Global South treat migrants and refugees. My project addresses this gap through an examination of host state policies toward and treatment of migrants and refugees in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), a region that has seen increasing patterns of migrant and refugee settlement in the last three decades. My project will develop an index that rigorously measures host state policies toward migrants and refugees using a minority rights framework. The results of this study will provide MENA host states, European donor states, and international humanitarian organizations with a useful index tool for highlighting areas in which legal and social measures should be strengthened via targeted funding and capacity-building to counteract exclusion and provide stronger protection for migrants and refugees. This project directly corresponds to the Horizon 2020 policy priority of creating inclusive, innovative and reflective societies through the promotion of coherent and effective cooperation with third countries, and by addressing issues of identities, tolerance and cultural heritage. Completing this research as a postdoctoral scholar at the Institute for Minority Rights at EURAC will equip me with skills in the use of a multi and interdisciplinary approach combining legal, political and sociological research in order to address the complex issue of minority and migrant rights for this project and going forward as a scholar. In particular, I will gain exposure to the Institute’s use of theoretical frameworks for developing indicators that measure minority rights protection.

Mots clés : migration, refugees, minority rights, middle east and north africa

Participants :
- European Academy of Bolzano (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 180277.2 €
Projet NAUTILUS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

As outlined in the Van Rompuy Report (2012), various potential models of monetary and fiscal union for Europe should be investigated and assessed, including different forms of shock-absorption mechanisms. In this context we explore new macroprudential policies for monetary and fiscal consolidation in the EU after the recent financial and sovereign debt crises, also in comparison with other major world economies in order to ensure long-term sustainability and the effective stabilisation of the Eurozone. Novel economic models are introduced and their applicability, forecastability, institutional characteristics and societal impact are evaluated.

Mots clés : sovereign crisis, dynamic monetary union, macro financial spillovers, optimal regulation, moral hazard, dsge models, financial frictions, forecasting

Participants :
- European University Institute (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 129357.9 €
Projet MARDIGRA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

As the Earth warms, the oceans are predicted to undergo dramatic physical and chemical changes. However, uncertainty persists regarding the geograpic distributions of marine biodiversity patterns and the processes that generate them. Basic measures of biodiversity are often used as a proxy for ecosystem health, and without understanding what marine biodiversity patterns are and how they have been generated in the past, anticipating and mitigating climate change effects on our oceans will remain an impossible task. To date, study of terrestrial systems has dominated macroecological and biogeographic research. The proposed project will establish analytical procedure for estimating baseline marine diversity patterns and inferring the broad-scale processes that generated those patterns, adapted to the unique properties of marine systems. The specific objectives of the project are: 1) Obtain empirical estimates biodiversity patterns for three orders of marine fish, 2) Generate a process-based model of the mechanisms leading to marine diversity patterns, and 3) Compare empirical diversity estimates and process-based models to identify where theory is unable to predict reality. This work will strengthen the link between the theory-predicted expectations of marine biodiversity and observed empirical patterns, improving our understanding of the unique processes that shape marine macroecology and biogeography. This, in turn, will aid in anticipating the potential effects of climate change on future diversity, and lead to more robust preservation and mitigation strategies.

Mots clés : gadiformes, scombriformes, beloniformes, correlative modeling, process based, modeling

Participants :
- University of Copenhagen (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 207312.0 €
Projet PROFILE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

As the number and reach of artificial intelligence (AI) applications are rapidly growing, empirical evidence and global awareness about the structural and systemic risks of discrimination (‘algorithmic bias’) linked to these technologies have increased over the past years. One AI technology has attracted particular attention: based on data mining, algorithmic profiling uses big data to target citizens based on their preferences, behaviors, but also social membership and status. In so doing, algorithms externally and autonomously ascribe profiles to citizens based on fragments of data. The algorithms freeze citizens’ identities and exacerbate their differences, thus shaping their reality by affecting the distribution of goods, services, and opportunities available. The PROFILE project address two key issues related to AI: 1) algorithmic profiling increases risks of inequality and discrimination and, 2) algorithmic data-based discrimination takes on different forms than human discrimination, thus casting doubt on the adequateness of existing legal remedies. These issues forms the base for PROFILE’s core research question: Is the legal framework for equality protection in the European Union (EU) adapted to and capable of tackling algorithmic discrimination? I will address the problem of algorithmic discrimination through three central inquiries: 1) How does algorithmic discrimination differ from human discrimination? 2) How do these new forms of technology-driven discrimination disrupt and challenge the anti-discrimination legal framework in place in EU? 3) What regulatory solutions can be proposed within and outside EU anti-discrimination law in order to efficiently remedy algorithmic discrimination? My ambition is both to advance legal research on AI and human rights and to concretely inform societal and policy responses to the challenge of AI regulation. The proposed project is highly topical in the light of the rapid development and use of AI applications.

Mots clés : algorithmic profiling, equality, human rights law, artificial intelligence

Participants :
- University of Copenhagen (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 207312.0 €
Projet IVSysImmunoProt (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

As the world population continues to grow and a shortage of protein supply is foreseen, there is a need to identify new and sustainable protein sources. While these alternative proteins must be of high nutritional quality, they also need to be safe for consumption. Dietary proteins and their digestion products can influence a number of regulatory systems, including the immune system. By interacting with elements of the immune system, proteins can help balance and stabilize immune responses, but may also trigger adverse effects such as allergic reactions. While the effects of proteins and peptides on the adaptive immunity have been examined in a number of studies, few have studied how these molecules are absorbed through the small intestine and interact with the innate immune system. Since, in order to trigger an immune response proteins must first be transported across the intestinal wall and interact with the innate immune system, understanding these processes is key to determining the immunological effects of protein consumption. The aim of the proposed project is to develop an in vitro model to evaluate the impact of dietary proteins on the immune system. This research will first examine the uptake of proteins and their digests across the intestinal wall using cellular models mimicking the intestinal epithelium and subsequently investigate the effect of the absorbed proteins/peptides on the immune system’s key players, including the dendritic and T cells. The model system that this research aims to develop could help shed light on the roles played by dietary proteins in regulating intestinal immunity and serve as a tool to evaluate the immunological properties of novel and sustainable proteins. Thus, this research is of relevance not only to the European food industry, but also to public health.

Mots clés : dietary protein, intestinal transport, cellular model, immunology

Participants :
- Wageningen University & Research (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 165598.8 €
Projet ARISE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Assistive technologies (AT) are the products, services, and systems which are used by persons with disabilities to achieve participation in society, and the realization of rights afforded by the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. An estimated 1 billion people currently require AT, however only 1 in 10 has access to the appropriate AT to meet their needs. AT is critical to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, and recognized by the World Health Organization as a key priority. In particular, the WHO has identified the importance of policies and systems to support AT, with a recent resolution from the World Health Assembly. As an MSCA fellow, Dr. Emma Smith will receive training from Prof. Malcolm MacLachlan, Research and innovation lead for the WHO Global Cooperation on Assistive Technology initiative, and professor of psychology and social inclusion at Maynooth University. A secondment to the European Disability Forum will provide Dr. Smith with training in stakeholder engagement, policy advocacy, and inclusion of persons with disabilities. The Assistive technologies in Resilient and Inclusive Systems and Enabling Environments (ARISE) project will develop and pilot a framework for resilient and inclusive systems to enable persons with disabilities to participate in their communities through the use of AT. ARISE uses a participatory research approach which engages persons with disabilities, academic researchers, and policy makers to understand the critical components of a policy framework. The ARISE Framework will be published in coordination with the European Disability Forum, and used by national and regional governments to craft policies which are resilient to global forces, including crises like COVID-19. This research stems from current evaluation of assistive technology services in light of the global crisis, and an understanding of the need to engage all stakeholders, especially AT users, in policy development

Mots clés : assistive technology, disability, health policy, health systems

Participants :
- National University of Ireland (Irlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 184590.72 €
Projet ClOThIlde (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Astronomy is grappling with a profound issue: the origin of the accelerated expansion of the universe. Is it caused by a mysterious dark energy, or a new aspect of the gravitational interaction? Galaxy clusters, the largest structures in the Universe, will help answer this question. Cluster formation and evolution are driven by the evolution of the universe itself and cluster abundance is therefore a powerful observational tool that tightly constrains the cosmological model, such as dark energy, and key quantities of fundamental Physics, such as modifications to gravitational theory. These constraints complement and strengthen those from other observational probes, such as type Ia supernova (SNIa), gravitational lensing and baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO). Critical aspects in the scientific analysis of cluster surveys are the survey selection function, relating the survey catalogue to the general cluster population, and the relation between the observable richness and cluster mass, the basic theoretical quantity. The establishment of these two elements is critically needed for the exploitation of optical/near-infrared imaging cluster surveys planned by the European scientific community. We propose to fill this need by 1) quantifying imaging survey cluster selection functions and 2) determining the form of the cluster richness-mass relation using a synergy between observations and well-behaved realistic mock catalogues; we will then 3) introduce this information into the Fisher Matrix formalism to predict possible constraints on theoretical models, e.g, the dark energy equation-of-state or modified gravity scenarios. The precision targeted by planned imaging surveys (e.g., Euclid, J-PAS, LSST, WFIRST) surpasses all previous analyses. Detailed evaluation of expected constraints under realistic conditions as proposed by our research lies at the forefront of current effort in field.

Mots clés : cosmology, simulations, galaxy clusters, dark energy, dark matter

Participants :
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 173076.0 €
Projet UnveilingBlackHoles (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : SIGNED

At the center of nearly every galaxy in the Universe lurks a supermassive black hole with mass millions to billions that of the Sun. When two galaxies collide, their supermassive black holes sink to the center of the newly forming galaxy. There in this nascent galactic nucleus a supermassive black hole binary is formed. Supermassive binaries are the subject of a long standing mystery in astrophysics: will these monstrous black holes merge and what can that tell us about the extreme environments that shape them? I will make great strides towards solving this mystery through advancing the state of the art in simulations of interactions of supermassive black hole binaries and their gaseous environments. From these simulations I will predict binary orbital evolution rates as well as observational signatures of the interaction. I will use the former to build the most accurate binary population models to date and the latter to constrain these models via observational searches in the newest time domain data, possibly leading to the first detections of these elusive black hole pairs.


Participants :
- University of Copenhagen (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 207312.0 €
Projet Trans-PLANT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

At the cutting-edge of the scientific scene for their being the first written attestations from Europe, Bronze Age Aegean scripts are crucial to define the linguistic roots of Europe. To achieve this, Linear B is the key area to analyse since it is the only Aegean script embedding elements of different cultures and origins. My research takes on the first systematic study of Bronze Age Aegean cultural identities by way of a very telling case study: processes transforming dyeing plants into finished goods (dyed textiles and perfumes). My aim is to show how the knowledge coming from the transformational uses of dyeing plants transcends how the final product is perceived visually to address what is being communicated culturally. Also, this study will provide ground-breaking information for the history of dyeing processes and bring new data to the use of natural and renewable resources, one of today’s most relevant and timely challenges. It will also implement studies on gender by examining the social construction of gender identities through dyed goods. This project will bring together Mycenaean studies and Indo-European linguistic perspectives and methods, material culture studies and Aegean epigraphy expertise, experimental textile archaeological knowledge and ancient technologies awareness to develop new understandings of linguistic and cultural interactions. I will complete this project in a leading multi-disciplinary research team, with solid scientific expertise and a worldwide network in the topics involved. I will bring philological and linguistic skills that will facilitate research in the group and the transfer of ideas. The proposed work will expand my experience, research competencies, and professional networks. The training and the knowledge transfer as well as the new soft skills I will acquire will be the winning combination for achieving the goals of my project and enhancing the development of my career as an independent researcher.

Mots clés : mycenaean, indo european, linguistics, etymology, bronze age, aegean epigraphy, textile, dyes plants, ancient technologies and perfumes, experimental archaeology, archaeobotany, material culture

Participants :
- University of Copenhagen (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 207312.0 €
Projet CONVGENOMS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

At the end of the Pleistocene mass extinctions of the mega-fauna occurred worldwide, in particular in the Americas. Following the last glacial period, mammoths, mastodonts, giant sloths and other large mammals succumbed until extinction (about 10,000 years ago). While some Orders within Mammalia lost a couple of species, the sloths (Folivora, Xenarthra) clade has virtually lost all its diversity, gaining a status of a nearly-extinct suborder. Only two out of the close to 100 genera estimated to have existed survived to the mass extinctions to this date, named Bradypus and Choloepus. In contrast to their giant relatives, the modern sloths are medium-sized animals that developed a very specialized feature: obligatory arboreal suspensory behaviour. Their surprisingly high number of superficial similarities were acquired in parallel – since both genera are completely unrelated, and probably diverged ~30 Mya – and represent an amazing example of convergent evolution. In the current Genomics era, we are finally at a point in which full genomes can be assembled for non-model organisms at reasonable costs, bringing unprecedented opportunities for new studies on elementary questions on evolution. Here we propose to study the genomic signs of convergent evolution leading to obligatory suspensory locomotion and low metabolic rate on a comparative genomic analysis including 4 whole genome sloth sequences, three of which will be sequenced and assembled within this study. The Experienced Researcher masters all the bioinformatics expertise to complete the genomes. The host institution offers all the infrastructure and hypothesis thinking to successfully finalize the project. Jointly this team can push the boundaries of biological knowledge beyond, which will help the applicant to mature in order to lead a research group in the future. The applicant will also be trained in project management, supervision, teaching, and presentation of scientific results.

Mots clés : convergent evolution, mammalian evolution, comparative genomics, whole genome sequencing, molecular evolution

Participants :
- Forschungsverbund Berlin (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 159460.8 €