Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet TOADALAN (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The constant increase of urbanization and human activities worldwide is exposing animals and human to a multitude of stressful stimuli that disrupt physiological functions in organisms. A major source of pollution nowadays, that affect 99% of the european territory and thus almost every organism in Europe, is light pollution (or ALAN, Artificial Light at Night). Recent studies suggest that the immune function could be strongly disrupted by exposure to ALAN, but these results mostly comes from experimental studies conducted in laboratory conditions, and thus not realistic of real conditions of exposure to the light pollution. Considering the current major biodiversity loss crisis, especially in amphibian taxa, it is crucial to know if the ability of wild organisms to mount appropriated immune respones and control infections is affected by this anthropic source of pollution. Within an eco-immunological and One Health framework, this project has thus been designed to characterize for the first time, and totally in natura, the effects of ALAN on immunity, microbiome composition and infectious phenotype of a common nocturnal Vertebrate, the common toad (Bufo bufo). Using 30 wild populations of common toads living on a natural gradient of exposure to ALAN in a french region, this project will characterize: (i) How exposure to ALAN impact toads’ immune phenotype, using multiple measures to precisely characterize the different immune components that may be differently affected. (ii) How exposure to ALAN impacts toads’ microbiome composition at the two main interfaces of skin and intestinal mucosa, characterizing bacterial and eukaryotic communities. (iii) If toads’ infectious phenotype is dependent of ALAN exposure, immune responses and microbiome composition - focussing on pathogens identified as a threat for amphibians in France.

Mots clés : eco immunology artificial light at night microbiome pathogens one health

Participants :
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Partner, associated partner, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 0.0 €
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 195914.88 €
Projet EIS-QKD (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The advent of quantum computers poses a severe threat to the security of our existing communication infrastructure. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), which bases its security on the laws of physics rather than unproven computational assumptions, has been proposed as the ultimate solution to protect the long-term security of our communications. However, due to inevitable imperfections in the devices used to implement QKD protocols—particularly the sources—practical QKD systems suffer from security vulnerabilities that could be exploited by attackers to gain unauthorized information, thus invalidating QKD's seemingly ironclad security guarantees.  Recently, the scientific community has started to address this critical issue, with initiatives aimed at both developing security proofs resistant against device imperfections, and at experimentally quantifying their magnitude. However, these security proofs have tended to consider imperfections in isolation, and are thus unsuitable for real-world implementations suffering from multiple imperfections simultaneously. Moreover, the existing experimental works have not focused on quantifying the specific parameters required to apply these security proofs, limiting their practical utility.  In this project, we aim to significantly enhance the implementation security of QKD through two primary objectives. The first is the development of a rigorous and robust security proof that, by integrating previous approaches, incorporates all possible device imperfections, and could thus secure practical implementations against all attacks aiming to exploit them. The second objective is the development of source characterization tests that can measure the specific parameters needed to apply this security proof, demonstrating its ability to secure real-life implementations. Achieving these objectives would significantly strengthen QKD's potential as a solution to ensure the long-term security of our communication infrastructure.

Mots clés : quantum key distribution, quantum cryptography, quantum communication, implementation security

Participants :
- Université de Vigo (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 181152.96 €
Projet FRESCOS (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Nonlinear fiber optics is paving the way for a new paradigm of technological developments, especially in the domain of modern communication, computation and metrology. Project FRESCOS (FREquency comb SpectrosCOpy with Specialty optical fibers) will utilize nonlinear optical effects in an interdisciplinary setting, harnessing the untapped potential of specially designed optical fibers for developing a simple-architecture all-fiber multi-comb spectroscopy setup. This innovative and breakthrough technology will be used to perfrom dual and tri-comb spectroscopy for precise and rapid chemical sensing as well as the study of transient nonlinear response of samples in the 1.5 micron wavelength, that are inaccessible to linear spectroscopic techniques. The required nonlinear specialty optical fibers, like tri-core fiber, tri-mode fiber, polarization maintaining fiber (with and without twisting) and dispersion compensating fiber will be designed and fabricated during the project in the fiber fabrication facility (FiberTech Lille) at the host institute. Project FRESCOS will capitalize on a unique blend of scientific disciplines starting from fiber fabrication, nonlinear optics, chemical physics, to spectroscopy, to achieve a milestone in the science of precision spectroscopy and generate results to deepen our understanding of the fundamental physics of energy levels in chemical molecules.

Mots clés : spectroscopy, optical frequency comb, optical fiber

Participants :
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 195914.88 €
Projet MartianDiurnalCycles (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The climate system of Mars shares similar fundamental properties and also substantial difference with the Earth’s system. Due to its small thickness with a surface pressure ~0.6% that of the Earth, the Martian atmosphere has significant and dramatic diurnal cycles driven by solar forcing. Atmospheric tides, clouds and dust are coupled, and they dominate the daily climate on Mars. However, the diurnal cycles in the Martian atmosphere are poorly understood due to the lack of data. Yet, the partial observations previously obtained could not be well reproduced by atmospheric models. Here I propose a comprehensive investigation of the diurnal cycles on Mars using recently obtained observations and state-of-the-art numerical simulations. I will work with Dr. Francois Forget at Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique (LMD), taking advantages of the Mars General Circulation Model (GCM) developed and maintained in the host lab, and making the most collaborations with the science teams of two atmospheric sounders onboard Mars orbiters, TGO ACS/TIRVIM and EMM/EMIRS. Recent observations of the Martian atmosphere obtained by these two infrared spectrometers enable such diurnal cycle investigation for the first time thanks to their unprecedented spacecraft orbits. By combining the new data and the updated GCM, I will unveil and characterize the diurnal cycles in the Martian atmosphere, and understand the mechanisms in this coupled climate system. The results will have great scientific significance in understanding the climate of Mars, and have implications for future Mars mission planning. The proposal demonstrates the transfer of knowledge to the host institution LMD; the training of the candidate in research of Martian atmosphere and project management; and specific plans for dissemination and communication of the results. The project puts the candidate and host institution in good position to participate in future Mars missions, and reinforces the role of EU in Mars exploration.

Mots clés : mars, diurnal cycles, atmospheric tides, clouds, dust, remote sensing, gcm

Participants :
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 195914.88 €
Projet IMi-Vision (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Indigenous Peoples engage in de facto migration governance on a daily basis all over the world. Yet, their perspective and experiences are mostly unheard, and their laws unaccounted for. Adopting an innovative bottom-up approach, IMi-Vision aims to design an overarching legal framework governing migration that acknowledges the relevance of both Indigenous and States laws in contexts where Indigenous Peoples’ territories overlap with and span beyond the borders of States. This is fundamental to explore bordering areas that have, so far, been de jure ruled by national laws but de facto managed by Indigenous laws thereby creating legal uncertainty and contrasting praxis. Two case-studies have been selected: one in Europe (Saami communities) and another in Latin America (Cofán communities). They offer a fertile sample to assess the first exploration of the topic.  In my project, I adopt a socio-legal methodology that envisions a contextualized exploration of legal phenomena, and that is underpinned by the following two entangled approaches: legal pluralism and participatory approach. Data are collected (and co-constructed) through anthropology of law’s methods. More specifically, I will conduct interviews and engage in participant-observation during two- to three-month-long field “immersion”, and then engage in a legal and content analysis of the data to capture inter-normativity and contribute theoretically to migration (law) studies.  Investigating Indigenous Peoples’ legal answers to migration will prevent the widening of the existing gap between State narratives, migration policies and empirical evidence that currently affects the relevance of responses to migration within Europe and beyond. IMi-Vision thus not only contributes to changing ways migration law and governance are envisioned, but also empowers Indigenous Peoples as migration law-makers and has a direct policy implication on States’ and Europe’s external migration programs.

Mots clés : indigenous peoples rights legal pluralism

Participants :
- Eurac Research (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 172750.08 €
- Université de Vienne (Autriche) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet ScriPTS (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The project challenges prevalent models of cultural unity and canonization in the transmission of scholarly texts during the last phases of Mesopotamian cuneiform writing in the 1st millennium BCE by analyzing the transmission of the so-called lexical lists, one of the most characteristic genres of the Mesopotamian sciences and foundational to scribal education. Building on own prior research on literary standardization and geographies in 2nd–1st millennium Mesopotamia, the project has two concrete aims: 1) to establish the distribution of texts across archaeological contexts, scribal circles, and institutions in order to define specific repertoires within textual communities; and 2) to define the transmission within these communities in terms of dynamic scribal practices, based on close readings of the interplay of form, format, and content of a subset of ca. 147 cuneiform tablets. A major aspect of the project is the digitalization of the sources in collaboration with two databases: Achemenet (CNRS/Nanterre) and the Digital Corpus of Cuneiform Lexical Texts (University of California at Berkeley). Training, including a 3-month secondment as visiting fellow in Berkeley, will focus on the development, design, and implementation of large-scale, open-access digitalized textual corpora and on data standards. The project will be hosted at the CNRS in Nanterre and supervised by Prof. Cécile Michel, an expert on Mesopotamian literacy and sciences and principle investigator of a major research cluster on manuscript cultures. Integration into the team of the ArScAn-HAROC will provide support for the project's development and an ideal interdisciplinary research environment for comparative analysis. Communication measures are designed not only for a scholarly audience, but to communicate the history of cuneiform writing and Mesopotamian education to a wider international audience, including measures addressed to stakeholders in the Near and Middle East.


Participants :
- University of California System (Etats-Unis) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 195914.88 €
Projet SECRECY (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The motivation of this project is to contribute to the search and characterization for potentially habitable planetary environments. During the two last decades, missions to the outer solar system, such as Galileo to the Jupiter system, Cassini-Huygens to the Saturn system and Dawn to the main protoplanets of the asteroid belt, have discovered several "ocean worlds". Jupiter’s moon Europa, Saturn’s moons Titan and Enceladus, and the dwarf planet Ceres, show signs that indicate the presence of liquid water in their interiors, potentially interacting with organic compounds and hot rocks. These "ocean worlds" are now considered as prime astrobiological targets by the major space agencies ESA and NASA. This project proposes a strategy to identify freshly erupted materials at the surface of these icy bodies and provide informations on their composition and on the subsurface source. Specifically, it is focused on Europa and Ceres, the most accessible targets for in-situ landing missions. For this purpose, we will experimentally study the processes that aqueous solutions of diverse compositions undergo from their emplacement in the interior of the crust at medium-high pressure and relatively low temperature, to their subsequent arrival at the surface at high vacuum and much lower temperature. Infrared and Raman spectroscopies and mass spectrometry instruments will be used to characterize the different processes from the source conditions to the surface emplacement and subsequent alteration. These techniques are within the science payload of past, current and future missions. Therefore, the data obtained in the laboratory will be used as public databases to assist in the interpretation of spectra taken on space missions.

Mots clés : ocean worlds, cryomagmatism, icy material analogues, infrared and raman spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, space missions data interpretation

Participants :
- Université libre de Berlin (Allemagne) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 195914.88 €
Projet CBDHIGHBIO (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Cannabis edibles (CE) are considered a big opportunity to take place in the recent and fast-growing cannabis market. However, there are big challenges on the development of these products, such as the lack of understanding of the metabolism of cannabinoids after oral ingestion, the low bioavailability of cannabinoids (including cannabidiol, CBD), and high intra- and inter-subjects’ pharmacokinetic variability. Recent approaches to enhance the oral CBD bioavailability include its incorporation into lipid-based delivery systems and the addition of compounds called bioenhancers. Lipids can enhance the oral CBD bioavailability via an increase in the transport to the systemic circulation via intestinal lymph, whereas bioenhancers may inhibit metabolizing enzymes reducing the extent of its liver first-pass effect. Piperine (PIP) is known as a powerful bioenhancer by inhibiting drug-metabolizing enzymes of cytochrome P-450 (CYP450), that are involved in the CBD metabolism. The aims of this study are to provide reliable data about the CBD metabolism after oral ingestion to help regulatory agencies to regulate the market of CE and standardize the consumption indications for these products; to increase the CBD bioavailability by using long-chain fatty acids to promote the enhancement of lymphatic absorption combined with PIP addition to inhibit the hepatic metabolism of CBD; and develop an advanced delivery carrier to enable its vehiculation into aqueous-based CE. We hypothesize that the combination of CBD and PIP can substantially improve the CBD bioavailability, thus decreasing the intra- and inter-subject variability. Systematic in vitro tests will be performed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of PIP on CYP450 activity, to determine the bioaccessibility, stability and bioavailability of CBD and PIP after oral ingestion, and to assess their cytotoxicity. Finally, in vivo studies will be performed to evaluate the CBD pharmacokinetic and bioavailability.

Mots clés : cannabis edibles, delivery systems, nanoestructures, cannabinoids, bioavailability, bioenhancers, nanocarriers, in vitro digestion, pharmacokinetics, functional food, cytotoxicity

Participants :
- Université du Minho (Portugal) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 172618.56 €
- Université de Vigo (Espagne) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet Mammal-Dawn (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Since their origination in the Late Triassic, a series of evolutionary innovations throughout the Mesozoic Era resulted in the morphological, physiological, and ecological bauplan for mammals and set the path to their modern success. Due to the incomplete nature and limited access to 3D data for Mesozoic mammal specimens, their evolutionary morphology remains unexplored under a quantitative framework, creating a major knowledge gap in vertebrate evolution. This proposal aims to investigate macroevolutionary patterns of early mammals during the Mesozoic using advanced 3D geometric morphometric techniques. It will generate a new dataset covering 30 well-preserved crania and over 180 upper and lower dentition across major clades of Mesozoic mammals, using advanced 3D scanning technologies, including X-ray Computed Tomography, Synchrotron and Neutron Tomography. Cutting-edge landmark-based and landmark-free morphometric methods will be used to quantify shape variation and underlying effects of allometry and ecological traits. These analyses will reveal trends of cranial evolution, testing whether the cranial morphology in Mesozoic mammals evolved gradually or followed a punctuated pattern. It will also reveal shifts of phenotypic integration and modularity across the tooth row, providing insights into the mechanisms that shaped unusual key innovations of heterodonty and dental complexity in mammals and how that related to other changes in skull morphology through the Mesozoic. The proposed research will not only fill a significant knowledge gap in vertebrate evolution but will also equip the applicant with essential skills in quantitative approaches urgently needed in Chinese paleontology, positioning the applicant as a leading independent researcher in this field.

Mots clés : mesozoic, mammals, macroevolution, modularity, fossils, cranium, dentition

Participants :
- Natural History Museum (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Organismes publics (hors enseignement & recherche), subvention : 276187.92 €
Projet BIO DEGRADE (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Plastics are one of the most widely used materials, with a wide variety of applications across all sectors of the economy. Its production is estimated to be around 360 million tonnes, and thus synthetic polymer is poorly biodegradable. Plastic life cycle is responsible for greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to climate change, plastic waste has been found in every ecosystem, are broken down into small pieces, microplastics, which can have a negative impact on organisms, and altogether causing an unprecedented ecological crisis. We aim to tackle this problem through Bacteria Intrinsically Orchestrated with Designed Enzymes for sinerGistic Rate-Accelerated plastic Degradation Efficiency (BIO DEGRADE) project, using a novel application of biotechnological-based approaches to synergistically increase the efficiency limits of multi-enzymatic solutions. The project will perform genomic modification of microorganisms with their own evolved collection of computationally-engineered proteins for (micro)plastic degradation. We are not engineering single enzymes to enhance their catalytic activities, as it will computationally design multitude (hundreds) of proteins from the microorganism, and boost them with extra catalytic sites making them into plurizymes. The additional active sites able to degrade plastics will designed into the proteins employing advanced molecular simulation techniques such Protein Energy Landscape Exploration (PELE) together with machine learning methods. In this way, the proteins will not be from other microbial origin (heterologous), but their homologous proteins, to which an extra active-site capable of hydrolysing microplastics will be designed and genetically added, not altering the gene expression pattern of the microorganisms. These organisms will outperform the use of single enzymes because of the synergistic action of multiple evolved enzymes with one common goal: (micro)plastic degradation.

Mots clés : biochemistry, molecular dynamics, chemical engineering, biological system analysis modelling and simulation, bioinformatics, artificial intelligence, machine learning, computer aided design

Participants :
- Conseil supérieur de la recherche scientifique (Espagne) — Partner, associated partner, Recherche, subvention : 0.0 €
- Nostrum biodiscovery sl (Espagne) — Partner, associated partner, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 0.0 €
- Université polytechnique de Catalogne (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 226441.2 €