Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet UnEquality (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The concentration of income and wealth has reached a level not seen since the Great Depression of the 1930s. Commentators see the topic’s salience reflected in the political turmoil of the Brexit vote and Donald Trump’s elections. A careful scrutiny of the public opinion record however tells a different story: despite the reality of growing economic inequality since the 1980s, there is little evidence of growing public consternation. In fact, across the western world, greater levels of inequality have gone hand-in-hand with lower levels of concerns. The proposed project is a mixed-methods investigation into the causes and consequences of this disconnect between the reality of economic inequality and what people believe to be true. Its starting point is the interdisciplinary body of research that has taken up the task to describe people’s (mis)perceptions of inequality and explore interventions to bring the public’s beliefs in closer alignment with reality. This project brings three innovations by combining sociological, political science and communication science methodologies: (1) contextualized analysis of belief formation through naturalistic deliberation and conversation rather than individual questionnaires, in order to better approximate the social process through which people develop an understanding of the world around them; (2) comprehensive description of people’s lay beliefs about economic inequality and its underlying causes, bringing state-of-the-art correlational class analysis to a research body dominated by ordinary least-square regression models; and (3) a population-based experimental test of causal mechanisms through which people’s beliefs about inequality may be changed. In sum, the research objective is to analyze (a) what people’s beliefs about inequality are, (b) what kind of information, assumptions or experience they are based on, and (c) whether and how they are likely to change when confronted with new and/or contradictory information.

Mots clés : meritocracy

Participants :
- Erasmus University Rotterdam (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 187572.48 €
Projet GenoQSAR (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The concern to protect human health and the environment has prompted significant changes in EU regulation on chemical substances. The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) plays the role in implementing the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) legislation, that requires industry to evaluate the toxicity of chemical substances that are in use but have never been subjected to regulatory testing. REACH regulation has also raised strong criticism and concern from society and industrials because of ethical and economic reasons. The toxicity evaluation of chemicals requires costly, time-consuming and ethically questionable animal experiments. As consequence, this European regulation promotes scientific innovation and encourages the use of results generated by alternative methods, including especially non-testing methods (NTMs), also referred to as in silico tools. Among them, “Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships” (QSAR) methods are one of the most recognized machine learning methods in drug design, toxicology, industrial and environmental chemistry. Nowadays, they can be included in integrated testing strategies (ITS), to provide information for hazard and risk assessment, classification and labelling. We propose the development of an ensemble of QSAR predictive models for several parameters related with the different kinds of genotoxicity damage. These chemoinformatic will be implemented on a proprietary computational technological platform. Particular attention will be also payed to the generation of models for nanomaterials, taking into account their high and growing impact nowadays on industry in general.The QSAR models and integration algorithms will be characterized by their reliability, and will be developed according to the rules set out by the OECD, therefore guaranteeing their validity in REACH.

Mots clés : genotoxicity, quantitative structure activity relationships  qsar, eu reach regulation, artificial, intelligence, machine learning, computational toxicology, chemoinformatics, animal tests reduction

Participants :
- Protoqsar 2000 sl (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 172932.48 €
Projet REALCLI (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The connections between real estate governance and urban climate risk management represent a critical missing link between urban research, policy-making, and practice. Real estate climate risk management practices have important consequences for the welfare and prosperity of at-risk cities, yet climate risk management cultures and practices vary greatly between cities. These highly particular variables shape an increasingly globalized real estate industry’s exposure to climate risks in any given context and project. This dynamic and differentiated interaction of institutions, imperatives, and interests that govern real estate climate risk – both across the global real estate industry and within at-risk cities -- may be termed the real estate finance-urban climate risk nexus. The proposed project advances the theoretical and empirical understanding of the real estate finance-urban climate risk nexus (i) across the contemporary landscape of real estate finance institutions and (ii) within major coastal property (re)development projects in three case cities, in order to (iii) synthesise a critical and comparative understanding of how understandings of climate risk reshape the global real estate industry finance, and restructure the property markets of vulnerable coastal cities.

Mots clés : real estate, disaster planning, climate adaptation

Participants :
- KU Leuven (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 160800.0 €
Projet NeuCoSe (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The consciousness of self is fundamental to our human existence. In several mental health afflictions there appears to be a change in the relation between the self and conscious experience: in anxiety and depression, people can be absorbed in negative thoughts, while in (traumatic) dissociation, distance between the self and conscious experience can occur. Studies report that meditation and hypnosis can help alleviate symptoms of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress, but it is unclear why. I hypothesise that meditation and hypnosis change the relation between the self and the conscious experience. I aim to study the neural correlates of these changes in self-consciousness during meditative and hypnotic states with functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in healthy controls and intracranial electroencephalography in people with epilepsy, which is the only way to directly measure the activity of deep brain structures thought to play a role in self-consciousness, such as the insula. I will combine these measurements with first-person interviews and behavioural tasks. This innovative study will elucidate the neural correlates of the consciousness of self and will help understand the reported beneficial effects of meditation and hypnosis on mental health.

Mots clés : consciousness, self, meditation, hypnosis, functional magnetic resonance imaging, intracranial eeg

Participants :
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 185076.0 €
Projet InfCSP (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Mathematics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) is a computational problem where the instance consists of a finite set of variables and a finite set of constraints, and the goal is to decide if there is a mapping from the variables to elements of some fixed domain of values satisfying all the constraints. Such problems are ubiquitous in different areas of computer science, including artificial intelligence, scheduling, computational linguistics, computational biology, and combinatorial optimisation. InfCSP will use mathematical tools to study the descriptive complexity of infinite domain constraint satisfaction problems. The main purpose of InfCSP is to understand the power of generic logic-based algorithms for CSPs with infinite domains of values. More precisely, we will analyse the class of CSPs parametrised by the type of constraints allowed in the instance in order to determine for which problems in this class the set of YES instances can be captured by a logical formula. The logics of interest will be Datalog and the first-order logic extended by a fixed-point operator, widely studied in the context of constraint satisfaction. The classifications will be obtained using methods from descriptive complexity, universal algebra and model theory. InfCSP will constitute a major step forward in understanding which infinite domain CSPs can be solved in polynomial time and developing new universal-algebraic tools for infinite domain CSP.

Mots clés : infinite domain constraint satisfaction problem, descriptive complexity, datalog, fixed point logic, universal algebra

Participants :
- University of Cambridge (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet BiREDOX (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The continued use of non-earth abundant and toxic metals as catalysts represents a major challenge in catalysis that must be addressed if true sustainable processes are to be developed. In this regard, the development of new low-cost and non-toxic catalysts would be highly desirable with significant impact to the environment and ultimately, our society. To this end, bismuth represents an attractive alternative for the development of catalytic alternatives that secure sustainable and environmentally friendly approaches for organic synthesis. Despite the wide range of bismuth salts capable of performing organic transformations, their ability to participate in catalytic redox processes is largely unknown. Hence, the major reason for this underdevelopment is the requirement of strong oxidants to achieve a higher oxidation state at the metal center, rendering a catalytic cycle unfeasible. Thus, this project aims at the rational design of novel bismuth complexes to be engaged in catalytic Bi(III)/Bi(V) redox processes, which will represent an unprecedented strategy for organic synthesis. The research proposal presented herein relies on the design of strained Bi complexes to unlock the use of N-fluoro/trifluoromethyl salts and of aryliodonium and diazonium species, to serve as mild oxidants for Bi(III) centers. In addition, reductive elimination from Bi(V) will also be studied in detail to fully elucidate the basic steps of a Bi(III)/Bi(V) redox cycle. Additionally, the ultimate goal of this proposal is the implementation of such bismuth complexes as catalysts in organic synthesis, thus opening up new possibilities to explore a new chemical space. Thus, this project aims to provide a greener alternative to the scarce and expensive second- and third-row transition metals typically used in catalysis, particularly focusing on both their replacement for bismuth salts and the discovery of novel reactions and selectivities previously unknown.

Mots clés : mechanistic studies, oxidative addition, reductive elimination, transmetalation

Participants :
- Max Planck Society (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 162806.4 €
Projet RAISED (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The control of stem cell fate via external stimulation (ES) is a vital contribution to the advancement of tissue engineering (TE) for regenerative medicine (RM). In this project we propose a highly sensitive real-time characterisation of stem cells during applied ES in order to fully understand and elucidate cellular mechanisms during differentiation. This will be achieved using three major vectors of research; new conductive polymer (CP) materials for the ES of stem cells, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and Raman microspectroscopy (RMS) live cell phenotyping. Real-time characterisation using AFM can directly measure single cell elasticity changes from differentiation mechanics such as reorganisation of the cytoskeleton. RMS of living cells can determine the progression of differentiation through changes in biomolecular composition. The combination of these two techniques will provide significantly improved single stem cell characterisation over current techniques, and is fast, non-invasive, and non-destructive. The differentiation of the stem cells will be driven by external electrical and mechanical stimulation delivered by new CP materials. Control of the ES coupled with the real time characterisation of cells will bring about new understanding of how this ES influences the differentiation of stem cells into the desired phenotype. Improved stem cell differentiation will further refine our knowledge in the TE field, and producing specifically fated cell phenotypes will improve the clinical application of TE for generating new tissues for applications such as cardiac, wound, or bone repair.


Participants :
- Imperial College London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet EPSKS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The conventional Darcy-type of models based on continuum fluid theory fail to capture the non-equilibrium flow physics of gas transport in ultra-tight porous media such as shale rocks. Instead of using these conventional models, this project aims to develop a new gas kinetic solver which is computationally efficient to allow direct pore-scale simulations of gas flows using 3D scanned digital images of rock samples, which can uncover often non-intuitive flow phenomena in ultra-tight porous media. This work has far reaching impact from quantifying extraction of natural gas from unconventional gas reservoirs to optimising design of porous material based thermal protection systems of entry vehicles. The gas kinetic solver will be based on the Boltzmann-BGK equation which can accurately describe low-speed gas flows in the entire range of Knudsen number, thus provides a unified approach for simulating gas flows in ultra-tight porous media where the pore sizes are widely distributed from a few nanometres to several hundred microns. Specifically, the Fellow will (a) develop an efficient numerical scheme and a massively multi-level parallel kinetic solver; (b) perform pore-scale simulations, experimental validations and systematic examination of the current phenomenological Darcy-type of models based on the realistic porous media samples. The new simulation capability will help us to shape the emerging research area of gas transport in ultra-tight porous media. The Fellow is currently at forefront of international advances in modelling and simulation of the gas flows at micro/nano scales. With support from three hosting institutions i.e. University of Strathclyde, Aix-Marseille University and Heriot-Watt University, a timely award of the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Fellowship will provide the applicant the necessary resources and access to expertise to make rapid progress in this emerging research area and become an independent researcher, ready to compete globally.

Mots clés : porous media, rarefied gas flow, micro gas flow, pore scale simulation, boltzmann equation

Participants :
- University of Strathclyde (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet ReadingMachine (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The conversion of chemical energy into translational and rotational movement at the molecular level enables biological motors to perform and control a wide variety of complex functions. ‘Read-out’ tasks are essential for life as these processes can translate information from DNA to RNA and from RNA to encode proteins. The ‘ReadingMachine’ project aims to design, construct and investigate chemically fuelled linear molecular machines capable of active transport of cargo, the read-out information and other sophisticated tasks. Specifically, I will develop [2]rotaxane-based molecular machines for information storage and read-out. I will first investigate the rational design of an orthogonal gating system on the track to allow for the unidirectional transportation of a macrocycle through the track by fuelled acid-base oscillations. By recognition of the chiral information of each station it docks at, the macrocycle will be able to report its position through a unique CD signal output. Harnessing the unidirectional motion of the macrocycle on the track, sequential information of the track will be non-destructive read-out by a series of CD outputs. Furthermore, the information that the macrocycle is reading will change the conformation of the macrocycle. As a result, the reading process will enable the molecular machine to be a 'smart' catalyst for enantioselective synthesis according to the signal it reads. The controlled information storage and read-out process on molecular-level through a fuelled non-destructive reading machine is a tremendous challenge that could lead us towards the dawn of an era of useful molecular nanotechnology, for example ‘re-storage’ and ‘replication’ of stored information, and ultimately point the way for the use of such molecular machines to write (i.e. synthesize) sequence information as it is reading from the track.

Mots clés : molecular machines, supramolecular chemistry, chirality recognition, molecular device

Participants :
- University of Manchester (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet WESTRAT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The core question that this project tackles is how the three major Western military powers (the US, Britain and France) have adapted their security policies to the shifting center of strategic gravity of international politics from the Euro-Atlantic area to the Asia-Pacific. In addressing this question, WESTRAT conducts a comparative analysis of their evolving security policies in confronting the main “traditional” and “non-traditional” security challenges in East Asia, i.e. the rise of China, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and piracy. In so doing, this project makes three original contributions. (1) Firstly, WESTRAT offers an empirical contribution as the first work to provide a cross-national comparison of the security policies of the three major Western powers (1990-2016) – in their national, bilateral, and multilateral configurations – in what is deemed to be the world’s new center of strategic gravity. It therefore investigates a crucial yet under-explored dimension of contemporary international politics. (2) Secondly, it provides an innovative conceptual framework that sheds light on the emerging networks of national, bilateral and multilateral security arrangements (what we label “networked security postures”) in international politics. It thereby contributes to the debates on the under-theorized relationships between bilateralism and multilateralism as venues for security cooperation. (3) Finally, given the absence of a common European strategy toward the region, this project seeks to enrich the policy discussions in the European Union (EU) and to provide policy recommendations on how to bolster cooperation between the EU, its member states, and the US – and transatlantic relations more generally – in developing a common strategy towards the (re)emergence of East Asia in world politics. Combining concepts and methods derived from international relations, from sociology, and from history, WESTRAT takes an interdisciplinary perspective.

Mots clés : international relations, security studies, britain, france, east asia, bilateralism, multilateralism

Participants :
- European University Institute (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 168277.2 €
Projet FACT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The cultural and artistic expressions of Black minorities are still unknown, devalued, and understudied in France today where exclusion and discrimination keep growing. Therefore it is urgent to analyze and recognize the work of African and Caribbean dramatists who embody the diversity and multiculturalism of our global contemporary world. The goal of FACT (Francophone African & Caribbean Theaters) is to revisit the history of Francophone Black theaters born out of the brutal encounter of Europe, Africa and the Americas, and to evaluate the effects of colonialism and postcolonialism on contemporary France. This colonial legacy is still denied today although being an integral part of the French national history. As a specialist of Caribbean theater, I will join the Theater studies Department at the University Sorbonne Nouvelle to collaborate with Professor Chalaye, specialist of African drama, to examine plays written by dramatists from Africa and the Caribbean from the 1960s to date. We intend to show that migrations that followed decolonization have transformed, nourished and enriched the French nation. We also want to challenge not only stereotypes and prejudices against Black minorities, but also the conception of a homogeneous unique French identity. FACT will contribute to make Francophone African and Caribbean drama more visible in the field by creating a database of texts and audio/videorecordings and by developing a postcolonial analysis of the materials. The outcome of FACT will create awareness among the general public of the reality of a multi-racial and multi-cultural nation born of a shared colonial history with the ultimate goal to encourage French and European citizens to lose their fears of the “Other,” to be opened to the difference, and to welcome and celebrate the diversity of Europe.

Mots clés : theater caribbean african francophone colonisliam postcolonialim

Participants :
- Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3 (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 173076.0 €