Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet POSIDONIArXiv (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

POSIDONIArXiv combines multiple disciplines to reconstruct ecosystem processes, dynamics and change through time in Posidonia oceanica meadows in Spain. P. oceanica is an iconic seagrass in the Mediterranean Basin, forming extensive meadows and dense mats which work to stabilise sediments and form a millenary sedimentary archive while providing habitat for an abundance of marine life. P. oceanica meadows contribute to global change mitigation and adaptation by sequestering pollutants including CO2, and reducing coastal erosion, while enhancing biodiversity by providing habitat and breeding areas for marine life including commercial species. However, seagrasses in general and P. oceanica in particular, are in decline due to anthropogenic disturbances such as climate change, pollution and land-use change. These meadows sustain the livelihoods of coastal populations and are located in coastal areas throughout the Mediterranean. In particular, P. oceanica inhabits sheltered embayments that also constitute key areas of settlement by ancient civilisations until present. POSIDONIArXiv combines environmental DNA, biogeochemical analysis and ecological network analysis to understand the historical changes in P.oceanica meadows. Firstly, sediment cores will collected at sites of high and low anthropogenic disturbance and biogeochemical analysis will be conducted to determine key periods of human or natural disturbance. This will inform sampling and eDNA analysis to reconstructed historical changes in biodiversity at these sites. Furthermore, the eDNA data will be used for ecological network analysis over millennia timescales to understand biodiversity change and identify mechanisms of resilience in this environment. Overall, POSIDONIArXiv will strengthen management and restoration targets for P.oceanica environments and contribute key knowledge to historical reconstructions of whole ecosystems.

Mots clés : paleo archive, environmental dna, biogeochemical

Participants :
- Université de Copenhague (Danemark) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Conseil supérieur de la recherche scientifique (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 165312.96 €
- Université de Zurich (Suisse) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet mRNApackex (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The export of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is an essential step in eukaryotic gene expression. This process requires that only fully processed mRNAs are exported, while undesirable RNAs are degraded in the nucleus. This selectivity is proposed to be mediated by the packaging of mature mRNA by export factors, protecting mRNA from nuclear degradation and licensing it for export to the cytoplasm. However, this model has not been directly and thoroughly tested. Furthermore, the full range of factors that promote the selective packaging and export of mRNA is not yet known.  In this proposal, I propose an interdisciplinary and collaborative project that addresses these two major outstanding topics in gene expression. To address the role of mRNA packaging as a key driver of nuclear export versus degradation, I propose to employ a time-resolved transcriptomics and modeling approach to simultaneously measure nuclear mRNA export and degradation rates, modulating mRNA compaction state with rapid protein degradation. Next, I will employ ORF-tag, a novel genome-wide gain-of-function screening method that will determine the full list of proteins sufficient to drive nuclear mRNA export. I will then characterize promising novel export factors using transcriptomic and biochemical approaches to integrate these proteins into our structural understanding of nuclear mRNA packaging. The diverse methodology of this project, the technical support both within the host labs and the facilities on campus, and the high quality of training resources and supervision available will facilitate my own development as a scientist and prepare me perfectly to establish my own independent research group. Through my relocation from the UK to Austria, I will expand the European RNA biology network, forging future international collaborations. My background in molecular and computational biology will allow me to execute this impactful project and answer fundamental questions in gene expression.

Mots clés : mrna packaging, mrna export, mrna degradation, high throughput screening

Participants :
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 199440.96 €
Projet U-CORP-TAX (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Corporate taxation is a key area of policymaking. It will be at the heart of many economic policies in the years to come to bring tax revenues or incentivize firms' behavior, in particular in the context of the European Green Deal. However, little is known about how firms react to changes in the corporate tax environment, especially when it comes to micro-level evidence. Among all firms, the reaction of large ones is of key importance because they account for an important share of economic activity and have more margins of adaptation than smaller firms. In particular, they can move their profits to tax havens to decrease their tax bill. More empirical evidence is needed to understand how corporate taxation affects these firms. To evaluate the impact of future reforms, it is crucial to know how firms will react on different margins: the level of production, the wages they pay, their investment, the location of their profits. Knowing the elasticity of these variables to taxation is key to understanding corporate tax reforms and will contribute to knowledge-based policymaking. The importance of these reactions cannot be overstated: they affect public finance and the provision of public goods, have macroeconomic impacts and have political and distributional consequences. U-CORP-TAX aims to contribute empirically and theoretically to understanding large firms’ responses to corporate taxation. To do so, U-CORP-TAX will leverage a unique research design, the exceptional additional taxation of large firms in France from 2011 to 2016. I will first merge administrative datasets providing precise firm-level data on profits, employment, investment, and wages. I will then use frontier causal inference methods to explore firms' responses to taxes on different margins. Finally, I will build a theoretical framework to interpret the empirical results and provide additional results about the distributional effects of corporate taxes.

Mots clés : corporate income tax, tax havens, tax reforms, corporate tax incidence, firms reaction to taxes

Participants :
- Université libre de Bruxelles (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 175920.0 €
Projet GADGET (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The project is aimed at understanding the origin of the most energetic particles in the Universe, the ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). They reach energies of more than 10^20 eV, much above the ones that can be obtained at human-made accelerators. They are the messengers of the most violent phenomena in the Universe. After more than 50 years since their discoveries, their acceleration sites are still unknown. Some of the difficulties in this quest are posed by the uncertainties in the galactic and extra-galactic magnetic fields that deflect these charged particles, by their low flux, and by the resolution in the measurement of their charge. With this research project, we propose to revisit the existing modeling of the Galactic magnetic field (GMF) by estimating the model parameters through maximum-likelihood analysis of the most recent data on synchrotron and Faraday rotation measures, and propagate this acquired knowledge to UHECR studies. We will focus, in the context of the Pierre Auger collaboration, on the inclusion of the effects of magnetic fields in the interpretation of the mass composition, energy spectrum and arrival direction. Specifically in the interpretation of the dipole pattern and of the studies of the correlation between the starburst galaxies and UHECRs. These studies will be further developed to predict the performance of next generation detectors such as the Global Cosmic Ray Observatory (GCOS) and POEMMA.

Mots clés : magnetic field of the galaxy, ultra high energy cosmic rays

Participants :
- Université libre de Bruxelles (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 191760.0 €
Projet LPPQE (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project aims to offer a novel understanding of populism and its supporters. Through ethnographic research with left-wing populists in Spain, I will break with dominant academic approaches to populism, based largely in analysis of the discourse of party-elites. While Spain was once regarded as having resisted the rise of populist groups emerging in other Western European countries, since the 2008 financial crisis both left- and right-wing populist movements now command considerable support. In order to understand this boom in populist power, in this project I will explore the process and experience of populist subjectivation. Instead of treating ‘the people’ as a semiotic construct I will explore its purchase and functioning as a lived identity as I investigate the experience of being a populist subject. This will entail working closely with populist supporters in order to investigate the gendered subjectivities and domestic dynamics that exist in a co-constitutive relationship with illiberal political commitments. Among other results regarding populism’s domestic and gendered elements, this will add nuance to common-sense depictions of populism as inherently linked to an aggressive white masculinity. My focus on the everyday, lived elements of populist subjectivity will also involve a spatial analysis of populist politics. Drawing upon anthropological theories of place, I will analyse the spaces in which populist politics are made and are manifested. This will result in new information regarding how public spaces figure in populist mobilization and populist subjectivation. This project promises insights regarding the processes by which populist commitments are adopted by supporters, as well as critical information about populists’ subjectivities. These findings will be valuable in the nascent sub-field of the anthropology or populism, and will be of interest to the public and policy makers as they attempt to understand the global growth of populist politics.

Mots clés : populism political anthropology eu studies

Participants :
- Université libre de Bruxelles (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 188174.0 €
Projet LipoNanoReactors (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Nanoreactors are attractive systems for emerging technologies because they allow the manipulation of matter on a molecular scale to fabricate macroscale products. Consequently, nanoreactors have been used to carry out molecular synthesis and catalysis, where such processes are controlled and stimulated by confined space. However, the current nanoreactors suffer from a lack in the flow-control of substrate that can access their interior and they have not been used to build large supramolecular structures. To overcomes these disadvantages and improve the application of nanoreactors, in this project we propose a novel design of a nanoreactor based on the combination of liposomes and molecular transporters (LipoNanoReactors). We envisage that by a controlled transport of ions (metal cations or organic anions) through phospholipid membranes, we will be able to build supramolecular structures inside liposomes, where the final structure could be modulated by the rate of ion flow and confinement effects. As a result, this strategy will allow us to control the physical and chemical properties of such structures on a nanometric scale. Further than achieving supramolecular assembly inside liposomes, the present proposal looks to facing challenges as supramolecular isomerism, crystalline phase purity, and particle size control. Accordingly, this project opens new horizons in the field of crystal engineering, solid-state chemistry, and material sciences.

Mots clés : liposomes, transmembrane ion transport

Participants :
- Université libre de Bruxelles (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 175920.0 €
Projet REMIND (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

REMIND strives to enhance the appreciation of indigenous urban form and practices that can benefit sustainable urban development. The Urban Region of Merida (URM), Mexico, experiences unsustainable rapid urbanisation. Weak urban planning policies and globalised urban design generate problematic urban patterns that marginalise the relevance of precolonial Maya rural-urban integration, indigeneity persistent in current urban life, and vernacular urban design. In contrast, URM accommodated urban centres for >2,000 years through social-ecological pressures and societal transitions. To envision regionally appropriate sustainable urban planning and design requires understanding how urban form adapted over the long-term. Thus REMIND asks:  How can indigenous Maya practices be applied in urban development processes to substantiate a reimagination of urban space that promotes the future sustainability of Mérida?  To address this question, REMIND will first adapt urban resilience concepts for the analysis of material evidence on urban form over the long-term, enabling an actionable ‘applied archaeology of indigenous urban practice' serving regional development. Next, through micro-morphological mapping of urban centres through time in a historical Geographical Information System (HGIS), spatial patterns of urban form will be identified, characterised, and compared. This fundamental research will structure and be guided by two cross-sectoral co-productive capacity building workshops, which match multidisciplinary academic expertise to institutional stakeholders in URM’s sustainable development and heritage to generate leverage for alternative approaches to urban planning and design. Together, participants will ultimately co-create reimaginative ‘indigenous urban development principles’ in response to site-based urban development challenges that promote sustainability and equitability in urban growth.

Mots clés : urban morphology maya cities applied archaeology sustainable urban planning and design historical gis merida, mexico urbanism maya indigenous practice spatial analysis urban development

Participants :
- Autonomous University of Yucatán (Mexique) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Université libre de Bruxelles (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 239237.76 €
Projet AETERAKIS (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

European food systems face sustainability challenges related to environmental degradation, nutritious and healthy sustainable food access, and just socio-economic development. Increased organic farming adoption positively influences these systems, especially when framed under a territorialised agroecological approach that emphasises local resource use and ecosystem services. Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems (AKIS) can support this transition. However, mission-oriented AKIS supporting knowledge-intensive farming methods and territorial development are recent and poorly implemented, presenting barriers for specific farming groups, especially agroecology-oriented organic farmers. The proposed project aims to develop a transformative and territorialised AKIS framework for agroecological transitions, using a transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary approach incorporating a hybrid Actor-Network Theory/Social Network Analysis methodology in four Spanish case studies involving theoretical, empirical, and practical validation. The applied methodology will assess the patterns, connections, and gaps between territorial AKIS infrastructure for organic farmers and the support required for agroecological-oriented farming practices and innovation using a robust conceptual and analytical framework and participatory-action research through an advisory team and local collaborator groups. The knowledge obtained in this project will be used to develop strategies to promote the objectives of the European Green Deal and EU Missions concerning sustainable food systems. The Fellow will gain new research skills and build and maintain research networks, advancing her food governance and policy research and consultancy career. Combining prior knowledge with acquired expertise, she will develop an innovative interdisciplinary and multilevel approach to studying food systems and policy, contributing to evidence-informed policymaking based on mission-oriented knowledge systems.

Mots clés : agroecology, knowledge and innovation, territorial development, sustainable food system, policy development

Participants :
- Conseil supérieur de la recherche scientifique (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 206641.2 €
- Université de Manchester (Royaume-Uni) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Fundacion entre tantos (Espagne) — Partner, associated partner, Autres, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet RESoNATE (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Emotion regulation (ER) is the key to mental well-being. Disruptions in the brain ER circuitry is a transdiagnostic mechanism underpinning a wide spectrum of affective disorders that contribute to the mental health economic burden of 600 billion euros annually in Europe. This project focuses on Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), predicted to become the leading cause of global disability by 2030. Conventional treatment is ineffective for approximately 40-60% of patients, underscoring the crucial need for innovative therapeutic approaches. In this context, neurofeedback (NF) on ER with functional magnetic resonance imaging has emerged as a promising tool for the treatment of MDD in research settings. NF is a training that enables people to regulate their brain activity by providing real-time feedback on specific brain patterns, in this case on brain areas involved in ER. To bridge the gap between clinical practice and academic research, RESoNATE will validate the clinical effectiveness of an electroencephalography (EEG) NF protocol targeting ER circuitry. Going beyond the current state of the art, we will conduct a placebo-controlled study involving 72 MDD patients, stratified into NF, sham-NF(placebo), and control groups. A collaboration with the National Kaohsiung Medical University (Taiwan) will add a second NF dataset of 60 subjects. The second goal entails advancing the validation of novel deep learning algorithms for EEG time-series data analysis and testing generalization to different cultural datasets, deploying them to predict the success of NF—a key challenge within the field. By incorporating a startup into the project, we will explore the industrial potential of this research. As such, through RESoNATE and its objectives psychiatrists, psychologists, AI experts, and industrial innovators will come together to advance mental health interventions and explore the boundaries of state-of-the-art AI methods, unlocking new research avenues and market opportunities.

Mots clés : emotion regulation, neurofeedback, non invasive neuromodulation, electrophysiology, self regulation technique, machine learning, deep learning

Participants :
- Cephalgo (France) — Partner, associated partner, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 0.0 €
- Université de Strasbourg (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 244893.6 €
- Fundacio institut d'investigació i innovació parc tauli (Espagne) — Partner, associated partner, Autres, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet SENSE (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Growing evidence suggests lexical semantics is not universal, being shaped by culture, and translation equivalents may bear distinct meanings in each language. If so, how do bilingual brains juggle competing meaning representations for translations? SENSE will investigate the impact knowing a second language has on the native language's semantic system across cultures. To do so, we will use two recent computational approaches: distributional semantic and word association models (obtained from linguistic corpora and free association data, respectively). Both methods have shown promising results in predicting human performance in semantic tasks, making them ideal candidates to inform psychological theories. Yet, which models better reflect human semantic representation is under debate. Further, few studies in semantic memory research have used these tools. While researchers have stressed the need to adopt these methodologies, these calls almost invariably have a monolingual scope, neglecting the pressing questions bilingualism poses on the nature of the semantic system. SENSE has three overarching goals. (1) To assess the role of culture in the construction of meaning by examining the conceptual structure of languages from different primary families spoken in culturally distinct societies (Spanish, Turkish, Chinese). English, the invariable second language, will also be studied. (2) To measure bilingualism's impact on semantic representation by investigating how L2 English semantic information integrates into the already established native language's semantic systems. (3) To test which models are better suited to account for meaning representation by comparing their predictability of human performance in a battery of semantic tasks. Overall, SENSE will make a solid contribution to understanding how culture and bilingualism shape the semantic system while helping to establish modern computational techniques in cognitive psychology research.

Mots clés : meaning representation, bilingual lexicon, word association, distributional semantics

Participants :
- Université de Gand (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 306415.68 €
- Université polytechnique de Hong Kong (Chine) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €