Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet TechPolChange (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Focusing on the case of nuclear power in post-Soviet Russia and Ukraine (1990-present), this research and training project analyzes the relationship between political elites, scientific experts and the public in the context of political change and incomplete democratization. The project will move beyond existing studies and analyze the co-evolution of risky technologies and political systems in transition. To date, research on political transition in Russia and Ukraine has not sufficiently taken into account science and technology (S and T). Similarly, the analysis of S and T has been disconnected from changes in political institutions and practices. This project will consider how Ukrainian and Russian policy makers and specialists have navigated new political circumstances and forms of public engagement to advance nuclear power programs. It will study how nuclear technologies are governed, how they are received in society, and evaluate public controversies over costly and potentially risky large scale technological systems. This research has relevance for Horizon 2020 concerning reliable and clean energy, as well as the impact of technopolitical change on the European periphery on Europe's energy, security and integration. The project will be based at Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) under supervision of Albert Presas Puig, a specialist in the history of nuclear energy in Europe and in science under Francoism. It's integration into the UPF system will create synergies with scholars who study authoritarianism and science, nuclear power, European integration, and the public and science, and situate the Russian and Ukrainian experience into the larger European experience. The project includes undergraduate and graduate teaching in the domain of science, technology and politics; develops strategies with regard to academic writing and publishing and enables outreach of researcher's expertise both with academics and concerned citizens in European Union and its periphery.

Mots clés : nuclear power, russia, ukraine, technopolitics, public understanding of science, public participation, sociotechnical controversies, technology and risk assessment, democratization, hybrid regimes

Participants :
- Pompeu Fabra University (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 170121.6 €
Projet BrainPredictDynamics (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Following a recent paradigm shift in neuroscience, the brain is often thought to generate active predictions of its environment. Neural predictions of temporal information, in particular, are a current research frontier. A key challenge is to provide a unifying mechanistic explanation of neural expectations ranging from microscopic electrophysiology, via models of interacting populations of neurons, to macroscopic signals observed non-invasively. Auditory and speech perception are the optimal testing ground for studying temporal dynamics of predictive processing in the brain, as most auditory signals only gain meaning as temporal sequences. This project aims at (1) providing a mechanistic model explaining how temporal expectations influence neural activity in auditory cortex across species (rats and humans), and (2) test whether the mechanisms established for simple auditory stimuli generalise to rich, complex and hierarchical structures characteristic of speech stimuli. These research objectives will be addressed in a coherent programme based on well-controlled psychoacoustic and psycholinguistic experiments, combining extracellular electrophysiology in rats and neuroimaging (magneto- and encephalography) in humans with novel analytic tools. By integrating knowledge from disparate fields such as systems-level neuroscience and psycholinguistics, the project will yield novel and unique evidence testing the generality (across species and stimulus domains) and specificity (regarding the proposed neural mechanisms) of the influential theories construing the brain as an inherently predictive organ. Besides its immediate research objectives, the current project is optimised to provide me with training necessary to reach professional independence, complementing my interdisciplinary expertise in an innovative research field across different species and cognitive domains, and consolidating my project coordination, management and leadership abilities.

Mots clés : predictive neural processing, temporal expectations, neural oscillations, cross species neuroscience, speech processing

Participants :
- Max Planck Society (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 251611.2 €
- City University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet FIOLENCE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Food and violence are two major themes in 2019, together figuring in five of the EU’s six research priorities. Given two themes of such contemporaneity, purchase, and formalized priority, the following gap is surprising: There is almost no work that attempts to understand the relationship between food and violence. The goal of this project is to breach that gap, lay the first bricks in the foundation of a new research line at the food/violence nexus, and set the trajectory for what I expect to become a thriving area of work at the scholarship/society interface over the next decade. This project disrupts the facile approaches to both food and violence that predominate in mainstream attention and policy action. It will open a new research space at the food/violence nexus; amplify the reach and impact of food studies as a field; create operationalizable methodological and theoretical models at the underexploited anthropology/philosophy interface; forge continuable bonds among researchers, universities, civil society organizations, and UN bodies across Europe and the Americas; and introduce cutting-edge critical research into active human rights deliberations. It will also restart the career and renew the capacity for intellectual and policy contribution of a tenacious ER disabled and disembedded by a catastrophic medical error. The ER will be supervised by Dr. F.X.Medina in UOC’s world-renowned FoodLab research group, carry out a secondment with Dr. E. Pérez in CSIC’s pioneering Science, Technology, and Gender (STG) research group, and perform three study visits to the UN Office of the High Commission for Human Rights (OHCHR).

Mots clés : autoethnography, critical discourse analysis, food studies, philosophy of praxis, critical ethical philosophy, feminist philosophy, science and technology studies  sts, force feeding

Participants :
- Open University of Catalonia (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 241398.72 €
Projet GIFTS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Food demand is increasingly satisfied with imported products from distant locations. This makes countries and consumers more vulnerable to supply chain disruptions and price spikes, challenging food security. Trade in food is also associated with the displacement of resource-intensive activities from industrialised to developing countries, influencing the distribution of land uses and related impacts on a global scale. The goal of the project GIFTS is to develop an integrated framework for the assessment of the long-term sustainability of food consumption, capturing the global interconnections between agricultural expansion, crop management, climate change and food security. The methodology departs from a physical Multi-Regional Input-Output (MRIO) model developed by the host institution, with an unprecedented level of detail in agro-food products. I propose to improve this model by developing environmental extensions with spatially-explicit carbon stocks across land uses and greenhouse gas emissions from livestock production. Co-product flows between crop, livestock and energy sectors will also be implemented to represent reuse and recovery. The extended MRIO table will be used to assess the mitigation potential of climate change adaptation strategies along global supply chains, considering increased resource efficiency and land use change. The project involves training on the application of MRIO analysis for environmental evaluation as well as in spatial analysis at the host institution. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is involved in the secondment, providing training on the estimation of livestock emissions and fostering inter-sectoral research exchange between academia and decision-makers. Overall, GIFTS can greatly promote my interdisciplinary research career for providing science-based evidence to assist policy-making towards a more resilient, sustainable and circular society in the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals.

Mots clés : agriculture, climate change, environmental impact, food, greenhouse gas, land use, livestock, multi regional input output, spillover, sustainable development goals, telecoupling, trade, value chain

Participants :
- Basque Centre for Climate Change (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 160932.48 €
Projet BREADforALL (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Food safety, natural foods with clean labels, process intensification and green technology combination is an attractive research idea for the European Community being in line with the 'Health, Demographic Change and Wellbeing', 'Secure, clean and efficient energy' and “Biotechnology foresight identifying gaps and high-value opportunities for the EU industry” initiatives. BREADforALL project responds to this challenge using gluten-free (GF), nutritious, raw materials and clean, efficient technology to develop food products suitable for celiac disease patients, which moreover, represent both a social necessity and market opportunity. Celiac disease (permanent intolerance of gluten) is one of most common human genetic disorders nowadays with an increasing prevalence of 1-2%. The main problem is lack of high quality food, free of proteins triggering allergy and the target group of GF products is currently expanding to adhere e.g. people looking for non allergenic ingredients. The technological solutions adopted so far are mainly focused on hydrocolloids usage, substances that often result in crumb problems and significantly raise the prices. BREADforALL focuses on alteration of existing structures of protein and starch network for modulating the functionality of GF raw materials. Project aims 1) to investigate the impact of thermal treatment (green technology) assisted with microwave radiation (effective systems for energy saving) on structural, functional and physicochemical properties of GF flours (teff and buckwheat) and 2) to study the feasibility of treated flours to improve technological functionality of GF breadmaking matrices and physical and nutritional quality of bakery. The satisfactory implementation of BREADforALL project will fill the gap between multidisciplinary fields of food sciences and engineering establishing interdisciplinary scenario connecting microwave technology, flour physical modification and gluten-free baking technology.

Mots clés : flour modification, teff, buckwheat, cereal grains, gluten free, structure, dough, microwaves, heat moisture treatment, bread, celiac disease

Participants :
- University of Valladolid (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 170121.6 €
Projet PMTFOS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Food security is a socioeconomical concept that involves access to food that meets people's dietary needs and preferences. Current and future food security is threatened by more frequent and more widespread drought events, leading to reduction in crop yields. A related issue of global importance is micronutrient deficiency. Zinc, a micronutrient involved in all major physiological processes, has outstanding potential to improve crop yields, as well as animal and human health. One long-term and cost-effective approach to overcome zinc deficiency in humans involves biofortification - increasing micronutrients in staple crops. In this context, the molecular processes underlying (a) drought resistance, and (b) micronutrients accumulation in edible parts of crop plants need to be elucidated. One protein family – the plant metallothioneins (MTs) – shows tremendous promise in enhancing drought tolerance, zinc accumulation, and bioavailability. This project aims to analyse the complement of MTs from sorghum, a cereal plant with unusual drought- and heat-resistance that is a staple crop for 500 Million people. Sorghum is predicted to become more prevalent in future European diets. In this project, the questions whether and which MT may be involved in (a) zinc accumulation in grains, (b) discrimination between essential zinc and toxic cadmium, and (c) drought stress tolerance, will be addressed. A unique cross-disciplinary approach spanning in-planta analysis to protein biophysics will furnish unprecedented insight into crucial aspects of plant zinc homeostasis and drought tolerance. Outcomes will impact European scientific excellence by empowering a female scientist from Central Europe, and by inspiring further work in plant science. Future translation of the fundamental insights generated will Iead to applications in agriculture (e.g. novel biofortification strategies for cereals), and enhance the European public’s awareness of the importance of zinc for human health.

Mots clés : bio inorganic chemistry, food security, drought, micronutrients deficiency, metallothionein, zinc, sorghum

Participants :
- University of Warwick (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet Re-Leaf (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Food security is one of the biggest challenges of our century. Climate change and an increasing human population call for crop plants that are resistant to abiotic stresses, such as heat and drought while maintaining high productivity and nutritional values. This will require rational strategies for metabolic engineering of crop plants. Fundamental to this engineering challenge is the modelling of leaf metabolism. Leaves are the main site of photosynthesis and therefore the interface where carbon from the environment is assimilated to synthesise and maintain cellular components. Plants have developed different mechanisms to fix carbon: C3, C4, and Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM). While C3 photosynthesis is the most widespread form, the latter two exhibit higher efficiency at higher temperatures or drought, respectively. Current large-scale metabolic models lack a mathematical description of processes on the interface between the environment and the leaf. To address this problem, I intend to devise a computational approach that couples genome-scale metabolic modeling to the environment by explicitly modeling gas-water exchange. These multi-layer models will help address fundamental questions about the operation of C4 photosynthesis and CAM. The workplan comprises two research objectives: 1) Coupling CO2- water gas exchange models with multi-timestep diel models: The CO2-water exchange models will allow changing environmental conditions during the diel cycle (e.g., temperature and humidity cycles) to be coupled to the behavior of the metabolic models. These environment-coupled models will be used to address the second research objective: 2) Model-driven studies of C4 and CAM metabolism: The extended diel models will be used to investigate metabolic engineering strategies for improved productivity under high temperatures (e.g., by introducing C4) and to understand the trade-off between productivity and water-use efficiency in both C3 and CAM plants.

Mots clés : metabolic modeling, leaf metabolism, in silico, c3 photosynthesis, c4 photosynthesis, crassulacean, acid metabolism, heat tolerance, drought tolerance, flux balance analysis, biophysical model

Participants :
- University of Oxford (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet VRFootballTracking (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Football (i.e., soccer) is the most influential sport in the world. In order to interact with the environment properly, a football player needs to track the ball, his/her teammates and opponents, and to build and update the comprehension of the fast changing dynamics. From the perspective of cognitive psychology, football playing is an excellent example of a complex dynamic circumstance with stringent time constraints, which requires dynamic tracking and situation awareness (SA). Virtual reality (VR) can simulate real football scenes with the participant immersing in it and seeing from the egocentric view; and VR allows control over the environment and replication of the scenes for experiment and practice. The objective of the project is twofold: to provide a VR tool for assessing and training SA in football practice, and to create the empirical basis for developing a theoretical framework for investigating dynamic tracking and SA in football. The objective will be achieved through 7 work packages (WPs), including a qualitative study exploring how elites perceive and understand football situations (WP3), an experiment using VR to investigate players’ tracking and SA in football scenes (WP5) and an experiment investigate the difference and transformation between the VR egocentric view and the 2D allocentric view (WP6). The project will bring together an interdisciplinary team across Finland, China and Germany, consisting of psychology researchers, a football coach, and specialists in VR, coordinated by the fellow and the supervisor (WP1). The fellow will receive training (WP2) on developing VR football environments and adapting them to experiments by working with the Mixed Reality group in the host and visiting the Realistic Depictions Lab in Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien (the secondment, WP4). The outcome of the project will be disseminated as papers and patents, communicated with football practitioners and audience, and applied to football training (WP7).

Mots clés : dynamic tracking, situation awareness, virtual reality, football

Participants :
- University of Turku (Finlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 190680.96 €
Projet NEGOMOBI (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

For about a decade, the EU experiments what it perceives as an unprecedented “migration crisis”. Moreover, since the mid-2000, the US-European agenda has integrated West Africa into the ‘Global War on Terror’ and uses its development cooperation to promote its policy. This migration-development-security nexus became a major political problem, prompting discourses, policies and dispositifs of crisis impacting African mobility. Based on a qualitative, empirical and comprehensive perspective, NEGOMOBI will investigate this nexus via the Malian and the Burkinabe case studies, in a comparative perspective. NEGOMOBI has 3 main objectives. The first one is to conduct a retrospective of the career of this Euro-African nexus as a public problem, through the design of both case studies. This will involve a work of historicization of migration and security policies promoted by Western countries in Mali and Burkina in a postcolonial setting. The second one is to study the actual policy-making process promoting this nexus and the negotiations between the EU and Mali and Burkina Faso on cooperation agreements as an attempt to solve this migration-security crisis. Finally, based on an ethnography of bus stations in Bamako and Ouagadougou, the third objective is to describe the implementation ‘from below’ of this nexus, its effects and counter-effects on West-African mobility, and the tactics and strategies developed by local actors, with a specific focus on gender issues on one hand, and on materiality on the other hand. It examines how border management and controls through technical and technological infrastructure are shaping human experience, masculinity and femininity, mobility and security in bus stations. By following the chains of actors, NEGOMOBI investigates how scales are concretely articulated in the making of a public policy and its implementation, and how this policy contribute to locally (re)produce social and political inequality through its performative effects.

Mots clés : international development cooperation, migration security development nexus, mobility, gender studies, west africa, bus stations

Participants :
- Uppsala University (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 305778.24 €
Projet AVATAR (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

For anastylosis, historical data, temporal analyses and the current study of the element, are fundamental components that serve as a basis for decision making in CH reconstruction, restoration, management and dissemination. The ambitious purpose of AVATAR (Application of Virtual Anastylosis Techniques for Architectural Research) project is to contribute to anastylosis techniques with a new approach based on the latest technological fields. AVATAR intends to develop and optimize a set of procedures and tools to interpret the structural and conservation status in the architectural heritage, supporting decision-making and promoting the change of current practices towards preventive approaches to conservation, under the slogan “It is better to prevent than cure”. Thanks to our knowledge of the history of CH assets, it will be possible to prevent their deterioration in the future. These developments will contribute towards European excellence, enriching the society and helping in the cultural integration of the respected assets.

Mots clés : digital twin, geomatics, geophysics, computer vision, machine learning, deep learning, cultural heritage, building information modelling, virtual reality, augmented reality

Participants :
- Polytechnic University of Turin (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 171473.28 €