Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet SED (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Water is one crucial natural resource since life on our planet depends on it. The transmission of serious diseases through pathogenic microorganisms in water is extremely common in the developing world and the antimicrobial resistance has increased globally. The understanding of new processes that guarantee effectively the elimination of resistant microorganisms and access to safe drinking water, is therefore of utmost importance, thus a priority in H2020 programme. The scientific aim of Porous carbon materials for Solar photoElectrolytic Disinfection (SED) project is the development of a new sustainable methodology for water treatment. It will be the first time that Ordered Mesoporous Carbons and graphene foam are used in a solar photoelectrolytic disinfection system. The societal aims are to contribute to the reduction of the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation. SED project proposes an advanced oxidation process combined with specific carbon materials, which can operate under ambient temperature and pressure, developing a new low-cost technology to water treatment. Oxygen and water will be used as oxidant without the addition of consumable chemicals and without generation of potential mutagenic disinfection byproducts. If one uses solar energy to drive the photoelectrolytic process, then it becomes a truly clean technology. The Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM (Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, FEUP) has excellent resources and facilities to carry on this research, because it is one of the most advanced academic laboratories for carbon materials production and characterisation in the EU. The participation of the Adventech company as the partner organisation for the secondment is an excellent opportunity to develop a new research method in which the transference of knowledge is one of the principal aims. These are excellent conditions for the development of SED project by Dr Velo.


Participants :
- University of Porto (Portugal) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 147815.04 €
Projet ECAW-ISO (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Water-use efficiency (WUE, the carbon gained through photosynthesis per unit of water lost through transpiration) is a tracer of the plant physiological controls on the exchange of water and carbon dioxide between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. Rising CO2 concentrations and climate change both affect the stomatal regulation of leaf gas exchange and must influence WUE. However, the magnitude of change in plant WUE estimated by different methods differs strongly amongst studies, indicating unresolved issues. Moreover, current land surface models produce inconsistent and often unrealistic magnitudes and patterns of variability in WUE. This project thus aims at developing the use of carbon isotopes (13C) in terrestrial biosphere modelling to better understand and predict terrestrial carbon and water cycling and to evaluate their representation in models. We will perform a detailed investigation of the influences on discrimination against 13C during photosynthesis and their representation on various scales in the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) model, which forms the land component of the UK Earth System Model, and implement the resulting discrimination model in JULES. We will then evaluate historical simulations of past changes in WUE and quantify the relative contributions of each forcing (climate and CO2) on WUE trends. Finally, we will perform projections of future changes in WUE following the 1.5°C and 2°C targets in global average temperature rise by 2100 proposed by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). This project will contribute to the establishment of an improved theoretical and empirical basis for next-generation land surface modelling, and will address key uncertainties including the magnitude of changes in carbon and water cycling, which are requested by policy makers.

Mots clés : water use efficiency, environmental changes, land surface modelling, carbon isotopes, plant physiology

Participants :
- Imperial College London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet OpenWave (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Wave energy represents a great untapped potential, but modern technologies are not economically viable yet, mainly due to high investment risk and modelling uncertainties during design/development stages. Accurate and computationally fast mathematical models are essential tools for effectively and reliably designing wave energy converters (WECs). Although WEC dynamics are typically very nonlinear, linear (imprecise) models are extensively used due to their computational convenience; in contrast, nonlinear models currently available are more accurate but too slow for design optimisation or control applications. This fellowship purports to develop, validate, and disseminate a novel class of nonlinear models, which will realise an unprecedented pairing of accuracy and computational speed (100 to 1000 times faster than homologous existing models). Conversely to other, slower nonlinear models, this novel model can facilitate effective design and optimisation of the device, enable real-time power optimisation and model-based control. The project will greatly impact the wave energy community, making a high-performance modelling tool easily accessible to any stakeholder for a variety of advanced design purposes. This project is comprised of 3 work packages, which accomplish: (1) validation of the model for axisymmetric devices, (2) expansion and validation of the model for pitching platform devices, and (3) enhancement of computation performance and release of an open-source software. In addition, this fellowship will expand the career horizons of the fellow: a highly multidisciplinary plan is defined, building upon and extending beyond his current competencies. The fellow is well-positioned to undertake this project, allowing him to fully develop innovative ideas from his PhD research. This fellowship will provide the fellow with an unparalleled opportunity to grow as a scientist and engineer, launching him on a trajectory to a productive and rewarding scientific career.

Mots clés : wave energy, ocean engineering, nonlinear systems, experimental validation, fast computation

Participants :
- Polytechnic University of Turin (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 171473.28 €
Projet ToPSeCRET (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Waves, as privileged carriers of information, are an inextricable part of our world, so that controlling their propagation is a crucial stake. Scientists interest for wave-matter interactions then rose, resulting in devising two sorts of composite media: wavelength (L) scaled photonic crystals (PC) based on wave-structure interactions and deep sub-L metamaterials (MM) focusing on wave-composition ones. Due to their typically different spatial scales, mechanisms of wave propagation in PC and MM were considered distinct. Notably, opposite to PC, MM’s spatial structure is always neglected by standard homogenization approaches. Yet, using a pioneering approach, I recently evidenced the significant role of multiple scattering at sub-L scales in locally resonant MM. This led to defining the novel concept of metamaterial crystals (MMCs): resonant metamaterials with sub-L crystalline structures for which macroscopic properties stem from both resonant composition and spatial structure, opening new perspectives for sub-L wave propagation control. Perhaps one of the most exciting crystalline-driven effect that can be exploited is topological order due to the possibility to achieve backscattering-immune, robust, or non-reciprocal waveguiding. Yet most of previous proposals are based on L-scaled PC. Hence, achieving topological phases at sub-L scales and the associated new physics is still left widely unexplored, due to the largely underestimated role of multiple scattering in MMCs. Following my previous work, the ToPSeCRET project aims at investigating TOpological Properties of Sub-L scaled CRystalline mETamaterials while (i) providing new theoretical tools as well as an innovative deep physical understanding of topological non-trivial properties in terms of wave-matter interactions and (ii) designing a new class of sub-L topological MMC that will be implemented using different wave platforms (from microwaves to elastic waves).

Mots clés : metamaterials, topology, subwavelength scale, slow wave

Participants :
- Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology (Suisse) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 187419.6 €
Projet WeCreate (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : European Researchers' Night
Statut du projet : CLOSED

We Create Science and History is a project that brings together researchers from all universities in West Pomeranian region. With the help of cooperating institutions acting for science and culture heritage, we will organize over 500 attractions for public coherent with assumption of WP 1 and 2 to expose researchers that stand directly behind researchers responsible for the most inspirational innovations in science that not only a local community have had benefited from. Through their work and inventions, they also create history and cultural heritage. In order to make scientific themes interesting and accessible for the public, and to encourage public to participate in the project at the same time, we will create a interactive Map of Science and Culture Heritage of Szczecin and region including: all universities and science centers, historical parks, squares and urban complexes. Most of locations shown on a virtual map will became open to the public and various number of interactive activities will be executed in accordance and coherence with the venue specifics. All those activities are being conceived as to address all categories of the public at large whichever their social status and background. Visitors will be able to find information on how science and technology expertise and information is being used for the city and province improvement. During the ERN events the scientists from universities will meet with the public in person to explain all key features of the invention, and talk about their work and achievements specially funding by EU framework programmes. The main goal of this project is to enhance researchers' public recognition, the opportunity of discovering in an attractive form a direct impact and its importance of researchers work on every aspect of the improvements of the environment that surround us, as well as to inspire and enlarge the understanding of the attractiveness of pursuing a one's career as a researcher.

Mots clés : researchers are among us, science creators, we learn from each other, everyone can be a researchers, europe cares for researchers, scientists have the best works in the world, science is passion

Participants :
- West Pomeranian University of Technology (Pologne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 160000.0 €
Projet CHASS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Doctoral Networks - Industrial Doctorates
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : SIGNED

We aim at building a scientific network to address the selective catalytic reduction of NOx in exhaust gas of diesel vehicles based on Cu-zeolite catalysts, which is the basis of the current technology implemented in diesel exhaust systems all over the world to meet the emission requirements imposed by law. These catalysts deactivate, i.e. the performance deteriorates with time, due to the high temperatures in the exhaust systems and the impact of the exhaust gas on the structure of the catalyst material. A notorious problem is the sensitivity of Cu-zeolites to the small amounts of SO2 that usually are present in a diesel exhaust gas, which limits their applicability an may also cause malfunction of an exhaust system. The goal of the network is to develop a fundamental molecular-level understanding of the processes that lead to the deterioration of the catalysts in general, with an enhanced focus on the impact of SO2, and to implement this knowledge in the development of improved materials for application in exhaust systems. We will address the deactivation of Cu-zeolite catalysts by combining four different approaches. First, state-of-the-art computational modeling based on density functional theory (DFT), to develop a detailed insight in the chemical processes leading to deactivation. Second, advanced spectroscopic characterization, including in-situ/operando techniques, to confirm the relevant chemical structures experimentally, and to be able to follow the processes that lead to deactivation. Third, microkinetic analysis to provide the necessary data to describe the deactivation process, and finally, the development of models that describe the deactivation processes with the aim to be implemented in the application for exhaust systems. The required competences and facilities will be made available to 4 early stage researchers (ESRs) in a network including two expert academic research groups, and two industrial units with complementary skills.

Mots clés : nh3 scr, denox processes, automotive, catalyst deactivation, zeolites, materials characterization

Participants :
- Chalmers University of Technology (Suède) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 281982.96 €
- University of Turin (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 261499.68 €
- Umicore (Germany) (Allemagne) — Partner, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 252788.4 €
- Umicore (Belgium) (Danemark) — Partner, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 297522.0 €
Projet GEVACCON (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

We are currently witnessing accelerating shifts of global leadership in many emerging industries, fueled by increasing digitalization and globalization, as well as pressing concerns about grand socio-ecological challenges. GEVACCON maintains that the challenge for gaining industrial leadership is to manage innovation in emerging complex industries-- namely, new industries that consist of complex relationships regarding technological, geographical and governance characteristics. The extant literature on innovation and industry dynamics is poorly prepared to deal with the increasing complexity of emerging industries in these three dimensions, and hence offers little insight to actors who want to gain leadership in the emerging global innovation races.The overarching motivation of GEVACCON, therefore, is to investigate the geographies of value chain construction in emerging complex industries by taking into account complexity in the abovementioned three aspects. As a representative case of emerging complex industry, the value chain construction processes of the electric vehicle lithium-ion battery (EV-LIB) industry in China and Germany will be investigated. By 1)systematically synthesizing three literature streams: innovation system studies, economic geography, value chain governance, as well as by 2)exploring how battery manufacturers in these two countries mobilize and utilize different resources from different parts of the world, and integrate those elements in their value chain construction processes, GEVACCON aims to develop a comprehensive analytical framework in disentangling the value chain construction in complex technology industries. Moreover, given the accelerating shifts of global leadership in many of the emerging complex industries, it also aims to draw competitive strategies for both newcomers and incumbents in the new generation of innovation competitions. Empirical analysis will be based on semi-structured interviews as well as patent data analysis.

Mots clés : transition studies, innovation studies, economic geography

Participants :
- Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology (Suisse) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 191149.44 €
Projet NNL (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

We are evidently currently witnessing an ongoing loss of global biodiversity, caused largely by anthropogenic activity, and thought to be resulting in a loss of associated ecosystem services. However, the economic development that often leads to net loss of ecosystem services also provides benefits to humanity. An optimal balance between development and biodiversity conservation must be found. A promising new policy principle is ‘No Net Loss’ (NNL) – giving rise to mechanisms in which biodiversity losses from development are measured, and conservation interventions implemented that fully compensate for those losses, resulting in no net loss of biodiversity alongside development. However, it has been suggested that biodiversity and ecosystem services can not always both be maximised. Further, NNL is not a trivial objective when ecological dynamics (e.g. climate change) and social dynamics (e.g. institutional change) are taken into account. It is crucial that we establish whether there are general principles that can be applied to achieving NNL across different ecosystem types, and if not, what are the most significant peculiarities to each system. We propose to begin by creating for the first time a database of existing NNL interventions, as well as developing frames of reference for NNL interventions in a set of case study ecosystems. Systems are likely to include both European and other countries. Building on this empirical basis, we will develop bespoke simulation models (using a novel implementation of the Management Strategy Evaluation framework) for each ecosystem, and explore implementation of different NNL mechanisms. We will consider feedback between social and ecological system components, drivers of change such as climate change, and sources of uncertainty. The outputs will allow us to determine whether there are general principles concerning how and when NNL of both biodiversity and ecosystem services can be achieved in a given dynamic system.

Mots clés : frame of reference, management strategy evaluation, simulation modelling

Participants :
- University of Copenhagen (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 200194.8 €
Projet PHOTO-CYCLE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

We are in a changing era for drug discovery: the growing perception is that basic chemical research will play a greater role in pharmaceutical development. One current challenge is to develop a new kind of chemistry that yields a screening collection of optimal chiral molecules that increase the probability of success in identifying drug-candidate structures. PHOTO-CYCLE seeks to provide some solutions by developing effective technology to rapidly generate, in one single step, architecturally complex chiral natural-like compounds. Specifically, we will use photochemical organocatalytic cascade processes to synthesise polycyclic lactones and polyfunctionalized cyclohexanols, which are common motifs in biologically active molecules. We will combine asymmetric organocatalysis and photochemistry, two powerful strategies of modern chemical research. They have extraordinary potential for the sustainable preparation of novel organic molecules, which are needed to drive innovation in the pharmaceutical industry. PHOTO-CYCLE aims to combine the fellow’s experience in allene chemistry and organocatalysis and the host’s experience in photo-triggered asymmetric processes to develop otherwise unachievable catalytic asymmetric cascade reactions. Specifically, we will focus on the rich reactivity of excited chiral iminium ions to activate readily available allenes and trigger cascade processes. The resulting strategies will be used as an ideal platform for assembling libraries comprising chiral polycyclic lactones and cyclohexanols, which, along with biological screening carried out in collaboration with Lundbeck A/S, will increase the probability of success in identifying drug-candidate structures. The multi-cultural and intersectorial nature of this project will greatly contribute to broaden the fellow’s competencies and will place him in a competitive position for the next career move.

Mots clés : asymmetric catalysis, organocatalysis, photochemistry, radical chemistry, cascade processes, domino reactions, heterocycles, iminium ion, allenes

Participants :
- Institut Català d'Investigació Química (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 160932.48 €
Projet EquiPE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

We are in the midst of the earth’s sixth mass extinction and the search for effective conservation solutions has never been more pressing. In recent years the model for nature conservation has changed, deeply embedding safe-guarding livelihoods and maximising equity within the missions of most conservation organisations. Re-focusing conservation in this way is based on the assumption that more socially equitable conservation will be both more acceptable to stakeholders, thereby reducing the likelihood of conflict with conservationists, and ultimately more effective in protecting biodiversity. That is the key hypothesis which will be tested in this fellowship. To achieve this I will address three key research objectives: 1) To devise a metric of equity in protected area governance and assess under which conditions protected area governance can be considered most equitable; 2) To explore how variation in equity in protected area governance influences acceptability of the protected area; and 3) To uncover how variation in equity in protected area governance relates with good biodiversity outcomes. I will meet these objectives through: 1) the development of an index of equity based on up-to-date theory and using protected area management plans; 2) a review of conflicts around protected areas and how these relate to equity in the governance of protected areas; and 3) large-scale spatial analyses of protected area effectiveness and forest change in relation to equity. While working in leading European research groups and gaining excellent training in interdisciplinary theory and up-to-date analytical methods, I will: (1) improve knowledge of outcomes of protected area management using recently available data sets; (2) provide conservationists with guidance for the design of protected area management plans; and (3) help the implementation of European Directives by providing a framework to design and analyse effectiveness of conservation measures.

Mots clés : interdisciplinary conservation, evaluation, conflicts, equity, participation, biodiversity, governance

Participants :
- University of Aberdeen (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €