Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet CHAOSPIN (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

ChaoSpin is a frontier research project at the interface between nanomagnetism, spintronics, and nonlinear dynamics. It is motivated by the premise that the rich behaviour of nonlinear systems, in particular chaos, can be leveraged for alternative computing paradigms. The primary objective is to establish the utility and feasibility of the nanocontact vortex oscillator, a nanoscale spintronic device, as a universal building block for chaos-based information processing by demonstrating key technological functionalities, such as random number generation and communication using symbolic dynamics. The underlying idea is that the complexity required for computation and possible cognitive functions can be generated within a single system, without the need of a complex array of interconnected subsystems. The project builds upon the host institution’s recent discovery of novel commensurate and chaotic phases in the nanocontact vortex oscillator. The technical objectives will be met by addressing three important scientific questions related to magnetic vortex dynamics on the nanoscale, namely the nature of the chaotic state, how it can be controlled through external forcing and feedback, and whether such dynamics can be detected experimentally. This will be achieved by combining the development of high-performance simulation tools and quantitative theories with state-of-the-art experiments involving high- frequency electrical characterisation.

Mots clés : spin torque oscillators, vortex dynamics, nanomagnetism, chaos theory, magnetisation dynamics

Participants :
- Université Paris-Saclay (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 185076.0 €
Projet DeMGeo (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Characteristic by indisputable quality and profound cultural syncretism, the art of medieval Georgia arose from a cultural crossroads between Europe and Asia and has unjustly been put off the side-lines of the art historical canon. The marginalization is due in large part to historiographic factors. Russian and Western scholars presented it from a colonial perspective as the art of the Byzantine periphery, analogous to the marginal political position of the South Caucasus within the USSR. In contrast, Georgian scholars throughout the 20th century were determined to demonstrate that Georgian “national” medieval art was fully autonomous and original. That reflected the Georgian impulse to achieve political autonomy within the Soviet Union. Deploying methods proper to the epistemology of art history, DeMGeo aims to investigate the historiographic construction of the three dominant narratives – Russian, Western, and Georgian – developed in art history textbooks about Georgian medieval art, within the context of the 20th century political and social history. By revealing and deconstructing political and ideological strategies in past scholarship, the ambition is to de-marginalize Georgian medieval art and to prepare the terrain for new research in the field within the framework of a transcultural approach. The results will be applicable for other marginalized art histories marked by contested historiography, specifically in the context of the countries behind the Iron Curtain, and/or of the young nation-states born from multi-ethnic empires. The project is in line with EU cultural diplomacy, contributing to debates about World cultural heritage as a peace-building and soft power tool in societies marked by conflict. DeMGeo will be targeted at diverse audiences, thanks to the support of the CEMS (HI), developing and applying innovative methods in the communication of academic research.

Mots clés : medieval art of georgia, south caucasus, philosophy of art history, female scholars in the ussr, soviet historiography, power knowlegde nexus, nation building through art history, soviet georgia

Participants :
- Masaryk University (Rép. Tchèque) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 156980.64 €
Projet AccuCT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Charge transfer (CT) processes play an important role in photosensitizers and photocatalytic reactions that have found great potential in solar energy conversion and enviromental remediation. Density Functional Theory (DFT) is the archetype method to perform all kind of computational simulations due to its favorable combination of efficiency and accuracy. CT processes are among the most difficult challenges for DFT and currently a reliable, efficient and size-extensive method is missing. The goal of this project is developing a new family of long-range corrected density functionals for the quantitative description of CT excited states that also achieves better global performance of other properties. The current approach employs a physically sound strategy based on using density-related properties to construct attenuating functions, avoiding the undesirable biases produced by parameter fitting. By correcting CT description, the new functionals hold the promise to extend its applicability to a wider range of properties and pave the way towards the development of all-purpose functionals.


Participants :
- University of the Basque Country (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 239191.2 €
- University of California System (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet COACH (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Children obesity and changing habits (COACH) The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has increased rapidly in developed countries across the globe and has become a concern for its potential negative consequence on health. The prevalence rate of obesity among children and adolescents in developed countries is over 20% and in the UK it is even higher than 25%. The COACH project aims at assessing the determinants of obesity and overweight in children by looking at their eating habits and active lifestyle and evaluating (1) how changes in health habits can help reducing child obesity; (2) how these habits can be modified trough three mechanisms which are: I. the transmission of healthy habits from parents to children, II. the effect of environmental factors, III. the effect of habits of the child’s peers. Parents can have a big role in transmitting healthy habits and obesity to their children. Children whose parents have bad eating habits and sedentary lifestyles may end up acquiring the same type of habits. Similarly children habits can be affected by the lifestyle and behaviour of other children they share their time with, e.g. siblings and school mates. Finally, a big influence on children’s health habits may come from the environment where they live. Environments with a lack of parks and green spaces, cycle paths and road safety can impede an active lifestyle. Similarly bad eating habits can be promoted by environments with an abundance of fast-food restaurants and a scarcity of shops providing quality fruits and vegetables. Assessing the relative importance of different mechanisms affecting child’s habits and identifying which among different health habits is most malleable and has the largest effect on obesity will inform policy makers on how to design more cost effective strategies to tackle obesity.

Mots clés : health, obesity, life style habits, body mass index, children, adolescents

Participants :
- University of York (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet PHOTOCAMSYN (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Chiral α-branched amines and their derivatives are commonplace in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and biologically relevant natural products. Accordingly, the development of new synthetically powerful methods for their synthesis, and/or further functionalisation, through new carbon-carbon bond forming processes is both important and timely from academic and industrial perspectives. Such chiral α-branched amine motifs can be accessed from electrophilic imine substrates, through direct addition of carbon-centered nucleophiles such as organometallic reagents and electron rich π-nucleophiles. This traditional approach takes advantage of the easy formation of imines and their natural polarity and has led to numerous developments over the years. Whilst nucleophilic addition reactions dominate the chemistry of imines, polarity reversal is possible but requires the careful design of imine precursors able to stabilise anionic intermediates following deprotonation. Free radical chemistry offers the possibility to reverse the polarity of imine derivatives; the formal addition of a hydrogen atom to the C=N π-bond can generate a nucleophilic α-amino radical able to react with alkenes and alkynes. However, to date these approaches have been limited by the way the radical is generated. Here we propose a new and broadly applicable ‘umpolung’ approach to access chiral α-branched amine motifs directly from imine substrates. Our plan is to design and develop a new reductive photochemical system that will allow the direct generation of ‘free’ nucleophilic α-amino radical species capable of undergoing a broad range of synthetically useful carbon-carbon bond forming processes. This non-classical umpolung strategy has a wealth of untapped synthetic potential and will allow the development of new modes of reactivity each in turn rendering new suites of synthetic methodologies including catalytic asymmetric versions.

Mots clés : imine, umpolung, photoredox catalysis, target synthesis, enantioselectivity

Participants :
- University of Oxford (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet CHROMREP (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Chromosomal evolution is a major, yet under-explored, driver of biodiversity. Changes in chromosome number and morphology influence reproductive compatibility in sexually reproducing organisms. Despite this, links between chromosomal changes and phylogenetic and biogeographic diversification have rarely been investigated in animals. By using an unprecedented multidisciplinary and comparative approach CHROMREP will test for the influence of chromosome evolution on the generation of animal biodiversity, phylogeny and biogeography. Specifically, employing novel combinations of cutting-edge methods on comprehensively sampled data from eight Malagasy reptile evolutionary lineages, I will perform: (a) cytogenetic analyses to provide the first comprehensive karyological assessment of the study taxa, (b) DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analyses to produce novel molecular phylogenies of each group, (c) computational analyses with phylogenetic comparative methods and statistical biogeography to test for phylogenetic, biogeographic and ecological correlates of chromosomal evolution. Explaining chromosome evolution within endemic reptile radiations of Madagascar will be a major step towards understanding the ultimate causes of speciation and lineage diversification in vertebrates. CHROMREP will help to elucidate timings and mechanisms of the evolution of the extraordinary Malagasy biodiversity, statistically evaluating distinct scenarios. The combination of a world class reptile collection, outstanding laboratory facilities and the resident researchers’ scientific expertise make the NHM the perfect setting for CHROMREP. The realization of this project would establish me as an innovative leader in the field of evolutionary biology, critically enhancing my professional skill set and reinforcing my position in the international scientific community.

Mots clés : cytogenetics, madagascar, evolution, phylogenetic comparative methods, phylogeny, biogeography, reptiles

Participants :
- Natural History Museum (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Organismes publics (hors enseignement & recherche), subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet INVERTIDAL (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Chromosomal rearrangements (CRs) are considered to foster adaptation (and speciation) by protecting advantageous combinations of alleles from recombination. This is supported by the frequent observation of inversion clines linked to environmental gradients. However, direct evidence for the proposed allelic interactions within CRs and their role in diversification remains elusive. The rocky intertidal is a natural laboratory to study adaptation along gradients and its contribution to speciation. In particular, the parallel evolution of divergent ecotypes in Littorina saxatilis offers a unique opportunity to investigate the genetic basis of phenotypic variation associated with spatial environmental changes (i.e. the genomic architecture of adaptation and speciation). Although advances on genomics have allowed the identification of loci involved in these processes, the role of structural variation has not yet been tested. Here I propose an interdisciplinary project that will combine data on genome organization, genotype and phenotype with modelling and existing ecological and behavioural information; aiming to provide a more complete view of adaptation and diversification when facing abrupt environmental changes. Prof. Butlin, at the University of Sheffield, will give me access to a leading research group in adaptation and speciation genomics and to a highly stimulating department in evolutionary biology; while during two secondments (at University Pompeu Fabra and University of Bari) I will receive further specialized training on CR detection. These new skills in cutting-edge research will put me in a privileged position to establish myself as an independent researcher. The outcome of INVERTIDAL will not only have an impact on basic evolutionary knowledge but will also address a major societal concern (climate change) and give key information to biodiversity managers, helping to bridge research and decision-making, in line with the Horizon2020 framework.

Mots clés : adaptation, adaptive introgression, chromosomal rearrangements, conservation, ecotypes, environmental gradients, intertidal, littorina saxatilis, natural selection, parallel evolution, speciation

Participants :
- University of Sheffield (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet CLLassify (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia faces high-challenging and timely problems related to the classification and efficient prognosis of patients at the time of diagnosis and the attempt to personalize the treatment. CLLassify addresses these issues in a pioneering fashion within a multidisciplinary collaboration, proposing an improved classification of the patients, based on innovative statistical techniques as well as the novel aspect of personalized prediction of the need for treatment at a specific time point for the individual patient. The statistical background of the applicant, together with the expertise of his supervisor in CLL, guarantee the successful implementation of this project. This will result both in significant health advances and societal benefits for the European society at large raising the project at the level of a European priority, and to significant improvement of the applicant’s career prospects within Europe.

Mots clés : classification, personalized healthcare, prediction, risk assessment

Participants :
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (Grèce) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 164653.2 €
Projet PARENT_EMPATHY (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Chronic pain affects the lives of over a quarter of adolescents world-wide. For a parent to see their child suffering is particularly distressing. Not surprisingly, parents of children with chronic pain are more likely to suffer from stress, anxiety, or depressive symptoms. Vice versa, parent responses can powerfully modulate (i.e., mitigate or magnify) their child’s pain-related functioning. A key, so far neglected, variable may be parent empathic distress, hindering the parents’ ability to respond in ways to promote the child’s functioning. The neural mechanisms underlying parent empathic distress and its impact have not been studied before and will be the main focus of this proposal. I hypothesize that parents’ empathic distress triggered by observing their child’s pain is of key importance for understanding parent-child interactions in the context of paediatric pain and that identifying the driving mechanisms will provide novel points for parent-targeted treatments. PARENT_EMPATHY is a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study and will recruit parent-child dyads in which the child has chronic pain via the Pediatric Pain Management Clinic at Stanford’s Children’s Health. Using an empathy paradigm, I will define the physiological and neural correlates of parent empathic distress in response to observing their own child’s pain (facial expressions combined with autobiographical vignettes). Further, I will examine the contribution of parent empathic distress to individual differences in parent pain-related behavior as well as in the child’s pain-related functioning. This MSCA will enable me to carry out my independent project with the Biobehavioral Pediatric Pain (BPP) lab at Stanford University, reinforcing my scientific maturity. Working in this inspiring and successful environment with ample opportunities to enjoy superb training programs will boost my professional, scientific and personal development, and will greatly enhance my career possibilities.

Mots clés : pediatric chronic pain, parental influences, empathy, empathic distress, neuroimaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging, pain related fear, pain catastrophizing

Participants :
- Maastricht University (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 170419.2 €
- Stanford University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet JUSTGREEN Cities (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Cities have become epicentres for confronting climate change worldwide. Widely acknowledged for its environmental benefits, urban agriculture is in particular blooming in Europe. However, by putting the emphasis on environmental progress rather than social justice, it may support social and spatial inequalities. Recent shifts in scholarship have started critically examining urban agriculture, but a clear evaluation of its social, economic and cultural impacts in European cities is still missing. This project intends to fill this gap by exploring the relationship between urban agriculture and social (in)justice in urban space. The project's research aims are threefold: 1) conceptually, it seeks to explore the compatibility between environmental sustainability and social justice from the ground up; 2) empirically, it will examine the relationship between urban agriculture and Roma integration in three European cities, Paris, Berlin and Sofia, where a number of community gardens actively support Roma populations and vulnerable groups; 3) methodologically, it intends to develop an intersectional analytical framework to explore environmental action. The account will centrally involve a novel perspective on how cities may become more socially just and environmentally sustainable. The project will adopt an interdisciplinary research strategy, based on ethnographic investigation, historical urban analysis and participatory research. The MSCA fellowship will allow the ER to become a leading researcher in the critical geographies of urban sustainability and progress in her academic career in order to secure a tenure-track position in the EU academic job market.

Mots clés : urban agriculture, roma integration, social justice, environmental sustainability, intersectionality, europe

Participants :
- Technische Universität Berlin (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 162806.4 €
Projet STATE CAPACITY (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Citizens live longer, happier lives where states are able to perform their core functions effectively. Even though weak states have received considerable attention from scholars and policy-makers, the concept of state weakness has remained under-theorized. The shortcomings of current conceptualizations are revealed by mounting empirical evidence that (1) state capacity does not extend homogeneously across national territories and (2) that a state’s capacity to control and coerce citizens is distinct from its capacity to care for them by providing education and public health. Previous work mostly assumed that the reason why states do not exercise coercion and care throughout the territory is simply their inability to do so. This perspective, however, cannot explain why states invest more in building capacity in some regions than in others, or why coercive and caring capacity are geographically uneven. To understand this, it is crucial to acknowledge that states in the developing world can and do invest in building capacity, but are also confronted with the need to ration resources. This project conducts a subnational comparative analysis of Mexico, which scores well on conventional measures of state capacity, but is perceived by some security experts as critically weak. The project’s research aims are twofold: 1) To conceptualize and map intra-country differences on the basis of a new geo-referenced dataset of infrastructure for coercion and care (empirical goal) 2) To theorize and explain the state’s decision to invest resources in a hospital, school, police station or military barracks in a specific place (analytical goal) To accomplish these goals, the applicant will participate in advanced training in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) at the University of California, San Diego, a leader for the collection and analysis of spatial data. The acquired skills will strengthen the emerging GIS expertise at the University of Amsterdam, which houses the return phase.

Mots clés : political science, state capacity, weak states, political institutions, subnational comparative method, latin america

Participants :
- University of California System (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of Amsterdam (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 174864.6 €