Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet SexDiff (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Males and females in many animals are strikingly different in behaviour, physiology, shape and form. In humans, rates of ageing and disease incidence vary markedly between the sexes. Moreover, sex differences in response to medical therapies and treatments have recently become an area of major biomedical concern. Because there are very few sex-limited genes, sex differences are largely a product of contrasting gene expression patterns between males and females4. Despite their ubiquity and clear biomedical importance, the evolutionary causes of sex differences in gene expression remain essentially unknown and pose a fundamental problem for biologists: How do sex differences evolve given that the sexes largely share the same genome? My research addresses this fundamental question using two approaches: (1) a data-driven, large-scale phylogenetic approach, and (2) an experimental manipulation of chromosome dose in Drosophila melanogaster. The results from this project will create comprehensive understanding of sex-specific gene regulation and evolution. This broad research has important implications for medical, developmental and evolutionary studies of sex differences and addresses a key aim, as identified by the European Commission, for research excellence in Horizon 2020.

Mots clés : sexual dimorphism, sexual selection, evolutionary biology, sex chromosomes

Participants :
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet IGR-IDS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Many divided societies in Europe and beyond are grappling with identity-based political tensions and conflicts. Most recent examples are the post-election violence in Kenya, the ethnic unrest in Ethiopia, and, in Europe, the continuing uncertainties about the territorial integrity of countries like Spain, the United Kingdom and Belgium in the face of secessionist claims. These and many other countries use territorial autonomies, within a federal or decentralised framework, to manage their divided societies. A lot of research has been conducted about the relevance of territorial autonomies for divided societies in general. What needs attention, however, and has been neglected by studies so far, is the integration of autonomous territories into the legal and political framework of the state, in particular, through their relations with the national government. Integrative intergovernmental institutions and processes are equally important because they serve as a vehicle for promoting a cohesive society and reconciling the tension between unity and diversity. The IGR-IDS project focuses on investigating the relevance and effectiveness of intergovernmental institutions and processes in the management of divided societies where territorial autonomies are used to deal with communal tensions. Using a comparative research method, it will identify and develop innovative integrative institutions and processes of intergovernmental relations. The successful completion of the project will advance my career by allowing me to explore new areas of study in the management of divided society and facilitate my recognition as a highly rated researcher. I will emerge as an established expert on intergovernmental relations in divided societies. That will put me in a position to progress on the academic ladder by placing a successful application for promotion to professorship.

Mots clés : intergovernmental relations, autonomy, divided societies, subnational government, national government

Participants :
- European Academy of Bolzano (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 180277.2 €
Projet TIPTOP (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Mathematics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Many important problems in quantum information theory can be formulated in terms of how linear maps between matrix algebras behave under tensor powers. Examples include the distillation problem (fundamental for quantum communication), the problem of local entanglement annihilation (important for entanglement distribution in quantum networks), and the PPT squared conjecture important for (quantum key repeaters). Despite their importance for quantum communication, these problems are wide open, and no general theory is known for solving them. I realized that these problems can be formulated in the framework of abstract operator systems. Here, they correspond to characterizing which linear maps stay positive under tensor powers with respect to different operator system structures over the matrix algebras at the input and output. Completely positive maps and completely copositive maps (compositions of completely positive maps with a transposition) are always trivial examples, corresponding to known examples in quantum information theory. The question is, whether other examples exist. So far this type of problem has only been studied (indirectly) in the few special cases of operator systems over the matrix algebras corresponding to the above problems. There is a much richer theory of abstract operator systems (even over the matrix algebras) and different tensor products to combine them. In my project, I want to study such tensorization problems for other operator system structures over the matrix algebras and beyond. I want to understand how properties of these structures affect properties of linear maps under tensor powers, and find settings where only the trivial examples of completely positive and completely copositive maps stay positive under any tensor power. Finally, I aim to identify settings where tensorization problems become easier, and where I can construct examples of positive maps with properties we are currently lacking in quantum information theory.

Mots clés : quantum information theory, operator algebra, operator systems, tensor products, positive maps

Participants :
- Université Claude Bernard - Lyon 1 (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 196707.84 €
Projet MEDYNA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Many materials properties are determined by the dynamics of electrons and spectroscopic features due to electronic excitations. One of the most efficient approaches to describe these properties in principle is Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT). In this framework, however, many interesting phenomena, such as Rabi oscillations or satellites in excitation spectra, depend on the history of the evolution of the system in time. This fact is completely neglected in the most commonly used, adiabatic, approximations. The researcher, Dr. Lionel Lacombe and the host supervisor, Prof. Lucia Reining, aim at developing new practical schemes to identify and retrieve memory dependent effects in materials. This requires the development of efficient density functionals as a key ingredient to access new physics stemming from non-adiabatic phenomena at a low numerical cost. The strategy links computation on model systems and realistic materials through a formal approach, termed Connector Theory (COT). In the model systems, this requires the development of new diagrammatic Green’s functions expansions. Both widely used models, in particular the homogeneous electron gas, and more flexible systems will be considered. For the real materials, only simple approximations have to be evaluated, since COT allows to improve the results by orders of magnitude using the model knowledge. The method will be applied to predict the charge and spin dynamics, and photoabsorption spectra. Moreover, the model results will be tabulated and made freely available, which opens the way for understanding and predictions of many more materials and phenomena.

Mots clés : non adiabatic, quantum dynamics, memory effects, time dependent, density functional theory, green s function, diagrammatic expansion, bethe salpeter, spectroscopy, connector theory

Participants :
- École polytechnique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 184707.84 €
Projet EPOC (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Doctoral Networks - Joint Doctorates
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Many of the main current economic and societal challenges in Europe are characterised by complex dynamic patterns stemming from path dependency, irreversibility, systemic risk and (local) interaction of heterogeneous agents. Examples in this respect are the search for appropriate policies to mitigate climate change, to foster a transition to a low-carbon economy, or to govern the development, diffusion and economic implications of new technologies. Designing sound economic policy in such domains is challenging and should be informed by empirical analyses and modelling frameworks that are suitable for capturing the complexity of the (economic) environment. The Innovative Training Network EPOC aims at advancing the state-of-the-art and the applicability of computationally intensive methods for decision and policy analysis and at using these methods in the domains of climate change and innovation. This agenda will be pursued by combining an interdisciplinary research agenda with an innovative European joint doctoral training programme. Early Stage Researchers will gain expertise and skills in data science, network theory, agent-based simulation, and economic modelling, with focus on climate change and innovation, and will apply these skills in their individual research projects. The academic training will be complemented by Transferable Skills Training Measures, Inter-Sectoral Training Measures, provided by non-academic partners, and Career Development Training. Interaction with stakeholders, policy makers and the general public will play an important role in pursuing the EPOC agenda and disseminating the results. The EPOC consortium consists of seven leading European universities and ten partner organisations. Each Early Stage Researcher will be hosted by two universities, will have a secondment with a partner organisation, and will graduate with a double degree.

Mots clés : agent based computational economics, network theory, data science, economic policy, innovation

Participants :
- Bielefeld University (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 758365.2 €
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (Italie) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 522999.36 €
- University of Copenhagen (Danemark) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 595044.0 €
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice (Italie) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 522999.36 €
- Autonomous University of Barcelona (Espagne) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 501809.76 €
- Université Paris 1 - Panthéon Sorbonne (France) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 549604.08 €
- University of Amsterdam (Pays-Bas) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 531239.76 €
Projet PrediKSion (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Many of the most valuable, yet complex chemicals in society are obtained from bacteria, who use giant, multimodular acyltransferase polyketide synthase (AT PKS) enzyme complexes to make these products. The modular nature of these enzymes holds the promise to engineer biosynthetic assembly lines to produce new, societally relevant products in a benign and sustainable manner. However, the chemical functionalities installed by the textbook cis-AT PKSs is mostly limited to several basic moieties. In contrast, in a second class of PKSs, trans-AT PKSs, over 150 different module types have been identified, yet with many more still uncharacterized. Initial results show that bioinformatically-guided approaches can be effective ways to assign the functionality of these uncharacterized modules, but only individual examples have been studied. To catalyze the discovery of new functionality in trans-AT PKSs, I propose PrediKSion: a comprehensive, evolution-guided and experimentally validated computational pipeline to unravel the hidden chemical functionality of unassigned trans-AT PKS modules. PrediKSion will facilitate unbiased discovery of new module functionalities by looking at the phylogeny of ketosynthases (KSs) in the PKS sequences. The high substrate selectivity in KSs reveals crucial information on chemistry installed by upstream modules and can thereby lead to the discovery of new and unexpected biosynthetic features in uncharacterized PKS modules and elusive trans-acting components. PrediKSion will be applied on the complete bacterial tree of life and achieve great impact by providing the community with a global mapping of predicted chemical functionality in trans-AT PKSs. The computational suggestions will finally be validated experimentally and the substrate scope of new PKS modules will be studied. In this way, PrediKSion will accelerate the mapping of uncharacterized PKSs and the discovery of new metabolites and potentially interesting pharmaceutical platforms.

Mots clés : polyketide synthases, genome mining, evolution

Participants :
- Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology (Suisse) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 191149.44 €
Projet GO2NANO (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Many things that are now part of our daily lives were inconceivable just few years ago. This is mostly due to great and rapid developments in information and communication technologies (ICT) and in particular micro- and nanoelectronics. This has been possible thanks to the Silicon semiconductor technology that has done marvels for the advancement of our Society, who has benefited tremendously from its versatile use and amazing capabilities. However, the miniaturization of circuits seems to have reached a possible halt, since transistors can only be shrunk down to a certain size and not further beyond. To ensure the continued progress of electronic technology and fulfill the future demands of Society, a rapidly expanding research effort is focused on finding transformative technologies by employing alternative materials for the next-generation of nanoelectronic devices. Particularly, the fascinating two-dimensional materials have attracted a world-wide attention in the recent years due to its extraordinary properties that suit for future flexible and low-power consumption electronics devices. Although there are thousands of candidate materials in portfolio, their use in integrated 2D-Si CMOS applications and for future devices beyond CMOS technology require further research and engineering efforts to overcome notable challenges. Thus, GO2NANO is proposed to undertake ground-breaking research that will contribute to the advance in the maturation 2D nanodevices by targeting the following challenges: 2D materials growth, materials interface characterization and contact fabrication. This research will contribute to the understanding of the chemical and electronic nature and role of defects and impurities, facilitating a rational development and control of the operation mode of unprecedented 2D-based transistors suitable for their co-integration with CMOS technology.

Mots clés : nanoelectronics, semiconductors, transition metal dichalcogenides, chemical vapor deposition, two dimensional materials, van der waals heterostructures, graphene

Participants :
- University of Granada (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 165495.36 €
- University System of Taiwan (Taïwan) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet MarginScapes (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

MarginScapes aims to bring together large-scale, multi-temporal and multi-source geospatial analysis to identify long-term sustainable land use strategies in arid regions, with a special focus on investigating the dynamics between past desert populations, climate change and the availability of water. Many populations inhabiting drylands maintain traditional strategies, the origin of which can be traced to distinct socio-ecological contexts. However, in recent decades, intensification of anthropogenic influence has caused a rapid transformation of the landscape and an alarming intensification of the processes has led to desertification, increasing the sensitivity and vulnerability of these regions to climate influences and, ultimately, endangering the preservation of archaeological and cultural landscapes. MarginScapes will explore the nature of human occupation of arid margins by re-evaluating the socio-ecological dynamics that have shaped the cultural landscapes of South Asia. The present extent of the Cholistan desert and the northern margins of the Thar desert were core areas for the development of the Indus Civilisation (ca. 3300-2500 BC). These regions have been the subject of considerable historical interest due to the presence of extensive network of relict riverbeds that are thought to have supported several ancient sites in what is today an extreme arid ecotone. By using a novel combination of Earth Observation data and analysis in a petabyte-scale cloud computing environment, machine learning geostatitics, GIS-based topographic analysis and Network Analysis, MarginScapes will provide new methodological tools and quantifiable open access data to: 1) understand the relationships between past hydrological systems, relict palaeosoils and the distribution of ancient sites; 2) identify historical and modern landscape transformations; and 3) foresee the mechanisms of how populations coped and adapted to climate change, water scarcity and desertification.

Mots clés : cultural landscapes, drylands, south asia, indus civilisation, socio ecological dynamics, earth observation, geostatistics

Participants :
- University of Cambridge (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet MAIL (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Staff Exchanges
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Marginal Lands (MLs) could offer suitable carbon sinks by afforestation/reforestation projects without being competitive to food production, conforming to EU/Global policies. The main objective of MAIL is to trigger utilization of MLs as Carbon Sinks by activities related to forestry and agriculture. The project aims to detect and classify mountainous and semimountainous Marginal Lands (m/sm MLs), in order to deliver a web-based regional platform with data, methodology and applications which will be valuable for policy makers, stakeholders or researchers. MAIL will assess MLs’ presence, distribution and suitability in smart and efficient way, considering that marginality differs within European bioclimatic zones. It will detect MLs through multiple layer analysis of existing EU/Global scale datasets (land cover, land use, soil or climatic information, etc.) and will further examine, validate and classify MLs, through field stratified sampling, into Carbon sequestration capacity categories. In pilot areas MAIL will augment the achieved accuracy by using enhanced spatial and radiometric resolution of full free and open access satellite datasets. Furthermore, it will propose actions that have to be taken in order to increase Carbon sequestration capacity and it will evaluate their feasibility by using a set of criteria for accurate cost estimation. Finally, it will deliver developed methodologies, algorithms and techniques on a web-application platform for on-demand production of thematic maps within Europe. MAIL consists by a multidisciplinary Consortium of 6 experienced partners, from 4 EU Member States, and gathers the expertise required for identifying, mapping and assessing MLs as a potential Carbon Sinks. The seconded staff will exchange individual skills, competencies, thoughts, innovations, or ideas and through collaboration will acquire new skills concerning MLs management and will become more flexible, productive and efficient.

Mots clés : marginal lands, co2 sequestration, sustainability, forestry, sentinel 2, landsat, biomass, volume, classification algorithms, feasibility

Participants :
- Fundacion centro de servicios y promocion forestal y de su industria de castilla y leon (Espagne) — Partner, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 133400.0 €
- Universitat Politècnica de València (Espagne) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 110400.0 €
- Polish Academy of Sciences (Pologne) — Partner, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 96600.0 €
- Industrieanlagen Betriebsgesellschaft (Germany) (Allemagne) — Partner, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 147200.0 €
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Grèce) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 165600.0 €
- Gounaris n. - kontos k. oe (Grèce) — Partner, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 147200.0 €