Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet IDEAS-SEED (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

How do disruptive events shape the development of ideas on science and democracy? The question is of utmost importance in our world today as we face an increasing frequency of disruptive events, such as pandemics or wars. To gain a long-run understanding of the fundamental factors that link disruptive events to changes in the development of ideas on science and democracy, the IDEAS-SEED (henceforth IDEAS) project will explore natural experiments in history. Specifically, it will study two university pairs in early-modern Europe that were highly similar in institutions and composition of their student body, yet got treated by plague, warfare, and famine at different times each. The first pair is the University of Oxford and Cambridge in England and the second pair is the University of Copenhagen in Denmark and Lund University in Sweden. The study will cover the timespan of 1600-1720, the time of the Scientific Revolution and competing ideas between liberal Parliamentarianism and kingly absolutism. To quantify ideas, the project will match students at these universities to their publication titles. Then, using state-of-the art techniques in natural language processing and AI, the project will classify the topics of students' publications and identify students' ideological stances. To ensure accuracy free from present-day bias, the study will fine-tune an LLM on historical data. The fine-tuned LLM will be publicly shared and will also be an outcome of the IDEAS project.  Overall, the IDEAS project will use a set of natural experiments to explore how disruptive events shaped the development of ideas on science and democracy at the time of the Scientific Revolution and the first writings on liberal democracy- thereby studying the origin of the scientific and democratic beliefs of our modern societies.

Mots clés : knowledge economy, innovation and invention, origin of ideas

Participants :
- Université du Danemark du Sud (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 247553.28 €
Projet StapPep (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

RNA has gained significant attention in the past few decades due to its evolutionary role in gene regulations. In the regulation process RNA seldom works as an individual entity rather associated with several protein-protein complexes (PPCs) and those complexes play a key role in mRNA maturation. Typically, mRNA undergoes different post-transcriptional modifications and deadenylation is one of those post-transcriptional events in which shortening of the poly(A) tail at the 3’ end of mRNA occurs and it plays a major role in mRNA stability. Deadenylation is often regulated by different PPCs and dysregulation of these complexes severely impaired this process. In fact, in many cancer cells shortening of poly(A) tail has been found due to the non-specific deadenylation event. Therefore, Chemical modulators that can regulate the deadenylation process have immense therapeutic importance. CCR4-NOT is one of the most studied deadenylase complexes which actively participate in the deadenylation process. Several types of mRNA-associated proteins (NOT4, Bam, and Roquin) are known which recruit RNA to the CCR4-NOT complex for deadenylation by interacting with CAF40 through its evolutionary conserved site CAF40 binding motif (CBM) domain. Moreover mRNA-associated proteins and RNA both share the same binding surface of the CAF40 protein. Therefore, blocking the interaction between CAF40 and RNA would serve the inhibitory activity of the CCR4-NOT complex towards the deadenylation process. From crystal structure, it has been found that the CBM domain of Bam protein interacts with the CAF40 protein through its α-helical surface. Here in this proposal, we will design α-helical hydrocarbon stapled peptide analogues of CBM domain to exploit the protein-RNA interaction by regulating the activity of CCR4-NOT complex towards deadenylation process. Several biophysical, computational, and cell-based assays will be utilized to investigate the activity and mechanism of deadenylation process.

Mots clés : stapled peptide, deadenylation, cell permeability, mrna, caf40, solid phase peptide synthesis

Participants :
- Société Max-Planck pour le développement des sciences (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 189687.36 €
Projet PAN (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Childhood outcomes across a range of domains are correlated with the socio-economic characteristics of the child’s neighbours. Yet, work on the topic is dominated by observational designs that do not consider the confounding effect of genetics. Although experimental designs exist, these are extremely expensive and usually rely on a restricted range of people from lower socio-economic backgrounds. Consequently, the overarching aim of the PAN project is to estimate the plausible effect of neighbourhoods, absent genetic confounding and restricted socio-economic range, by examining neighbourhood effects on adoptees.  Danish registry data provides a unique opportunity to pursue this aim due to its combination of adoptees placed pseudo-randomly with non-relatives across the full socio-economic spectrum, and the availability of annual personality assessments as well as classic outcomes data throughout the childhood years. The use of registry personality data allows me to explore neighbourhood effects on pertinent child characteristics from a young age, as there are domains for which the classical outcome data primarily apply at later ages even if dispositions towards particular outcomes are detectable earlier—e.g., behavioural disinhibition as a precursor to crime. The integration of adoptees and childhood personality is, therefore, a distinctively powerful and practical approach to clarify where (in the socio-economic distribution) and when (in children’s development) effects of neighbourhoods are most potent. Given the potential importance of neighbourhoods in intergenerational inequality, answers to these questions may inform effective government policies.  By completing the project under the supervision of Associate Professor Steven Ludeke at University of Southern Denmark, I will gain valuable training as well as experience on registry data, adoptees, and ‘big data’, which will make me more competitive in my pursuit of a career in academia or as a data scientist.

Mots clés : personality neighbourhoods adoptees mental health academic achievement

Participants :
- Université du Danemark du Sud (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 214934.4 €
Projet Twist-TOC (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Understanding how strong electron-electron correlations shape the behavior of quantum materials is important both for fundamental scientific discovery and future technological applications. For example, determining the role of electron correlations in unconventional superconductivity could allow scientists to design a room temperature superconductor. However, complicated materials and lack of in situ tuning parameters limit progress. Twisted WSe2 (tWSe2), like other van der Waals heterostructures , possesses in situ tunability of both doping and displacement field, providing a tractable model system with unprecedented control which may be described by a simple, single orbital triangular Hubbard model. In TwistTOC, I will investigate the strongly correlated dynamics and possible superconducting phase in moiré superlattices of tWSe2 using on-chip terahertz (THz) spectroscopy. The group of Dr James McIver at the Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter is the ideal host organization as they are pioneering the use of on-chip THz spectroscopy for investigating graphene-based vdW heterostructures. This technique uniquely probes the material response on the energy scale resonant with the emergent phenomena, containing a wealth of information, such as direct signatures of superconductivity. Using this platform, I will study the origin of the correlated insulating state observed at half-filling and characterize the frequency dependence of the metal to insulator transition. Next, I will investigate the nature of the possible superconducting phase in tWSe2. These studies will further our understanding of tWSe2, provide insight for theoretical models, and potentially shed light on unconventional superconductors with similar phenomenology. This project will provide me with the technical and leadership skills necessary to forge future research directions investigating the equilibrium and non-equilibrium THz response of a wide variety of quantum materials.

Mots clés : terahertz spectroscopy, moir heterostructures, transition metal dichalcogenides

Participants :
- Société Max-Planck pour le développement des sciences (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 189687.36 €
Projet ABLE OER (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Large scale synthesis of efficient, durable, and environmentally friendly electrocatalysts is key for commercialization of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE), which is a vital route for renewable H2 production. State-of-the-art PEMWE is limited by the high price of the electrocatalysts which are composed of Ir, Pt and Ru (40% of fabrication costs of PEMWE). Against this background, the project ABLE OER aims to develop, characterize, and electrochemically evaluate low-cost, and up-scale supported electrocatalysts from commercial and recycled precursors using microwave continuous flow synthesis (MWCFS). The specific objectives of ABLE OER are to provide proof-of-concepts on i) synthesis of active and robust supported-OER catalyst, which reduces Ir loading by 80% at equivalent activity; ii) incorporation of abundant nano ceramics (as support material) and secondary PGMs for OER catalyst to reduce material cost by 70%; iii) an up-scalable continuous OER catalyst synthesis process, which lowers the production cost by 50%. The novel catalyst structure and the associated synthesis process will accelerate technological advancement and societal adoption of the PEMWE technology. My experience in inorganic materials and electrochemistry combined with the expertise of the host group in electrocatalysis for water splitting and recycling will synergistically contribute to achieving the ambitious aims of this project, which will be implemented at the University of Southern Denmark. I will learn new techniques in up-scale production of catalysts, mature my skills as an independent researcher, and increase my network to nurture international collaborations. The results of this project have the potential to greatly reduce the cost of H2 generated from renewable sources and thus transform the European and global energy sector.

Mots clés : water splitting, electrocatalysis, microwaves synthesis, recycling

Participants :
- Université du Danemark du Sud (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 230774.4 €
Projet PolyGene (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Hydroides elegans is a significant biofouling invasive species in tropical and subtropical seas, causing damages to man-made structures in harbors and incurring economic costs. Despite its importance, the taxonomy and evolution of this organism remain poorly understood, hindering conservation efforts and predictions of its future distribution. Recent phylogenetic reconstructions suggest two cryptic species, with one showing higher invasiveness. Additionally, H. elegans exhibits heteroplasmy, with more than one mtDNA type observed due to paternal leakage-driven genomic introgression. PolyGene aims to provide novel insights into this widespread species from genomic, morphologic and ecologic perspectives. The project's objectives are threefold: (1) Investigating the origin, maintenance, and evolution of heteroplasmy in H. elegans; (2) Conducting an integrative taxonomic revision to understand population dynamics and hybridization events; (3) Modeling the species' distribution and climate adaptation potential. PolyGene represents a pioneering integrative study focusing on heteroplasmy in Annelida that will utilize large-scale genomic data, morphologic data and distribution modeling, to bring a significant step forward in our understanding of mitochondrial evolution and a scientific-based approach for effective management of an important marine invasive species. The project fosters collaboration between three research groups at the Natural History Museum of Oslo (NHMO) and a secondment to the Senckenberg Research Institute (SGN), nurturing my growth as an independent researcher in evolutionary biology of marine organisms. The project allows me to gain and deepen scientific expertise and transferable skills, needed to pursue a career either in academia or in policy-making.

Mots clés : invasive species, annelida, polychaetes, heteroplasmy, mitochondrial inheritance, paternal leakage, population genetics, adaptation

Participants :
- Université d'Oslo (Norvège) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 210911.04 €
- Leibniz-Gemeinschaft (Allemagne) — Partner, associated partner, Autres, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet EASIFeT (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The exponential growth of demand for data processing requires increasingly large computational resources and, consequently, prohibitively high energy consumption. To sustain this evolution, a paradigm switch from conventional computing architectures to data-centric platforms is needed. Neuromorphic computing aims at reaching this goal by realizing brain-inspired circuits based on artificial neurons and synapses, which are extremely energy efficient. The objective of this project is to explore a novel type of artificial synapse to be employed in neuromorphic chips. Among the technological options for solid state synapses, memories based on ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFET) are considered very promising due to their energy efficiency and to their compatibility with a Back-End-Of-Line implementation and thus a 3D integration. A FeFET is a field-effect transistors that employs a ferroelectric (FE) material as gate oxide. FE materials have a spontaneous electric polarization that can be reversed by the application of an electric field, and in conventional FeFETs this is used to modulate the threshold voltage and thus resistance in the channel region. This project will address an alternative physical mechanism to obtain a synaptic behavior in FeFET, namely a polarization-induced tuning of the resistance at source/drain Schottky contacts. In the Ferroelectric Schottky barrier FETs (Fe-SBFETs), the FE material overlaps the Schottky contact region, hence in this region the FE material is placed between two metals resulting in an effective and low voltage ferroelectric switching. For this reason, Fe-SBFETs are expected to operate as low energy synaptic devices. In this project, Fe-SBFETs will be extensively studied and modeled, by means of TCAD simulations. A design-space for optimal synaptic operation will be derived. Finally, a compact model for SPICE simulations of neuromorphic circuits based on Fe-SBFETs will be developed.

Mots clés : electron devices modeling, tcad simulation, ferroelectric field effect transistor, schottky barrier field effect transistor, non volatile memory, memristor, artificial synapse, neuromorphic hardware

Participants :
- Université d'Udine (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 172750.08 €
Projet INSIDER-CoV (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

INSIDER-CoV: Investigating Nasal and Systemic Immune Dynamics during SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections The global challenge posed by COVID-19 necessitates a profound understanding of SARS-CoV-2, particularly concerning the phenomenon of reinfections. The INSIDER-CoV project seeks to address this critical gap by employing the Syrian golden hamster model, which has previously demonstrated its efficacy in primary infection studies. Central to this research is a meticulous exploration of the immune response within the nasal cavity, the primary gateway for the virus. By comparing this localized immune reaction to the broader systemic response, the project aims to shed light on the determinants of reinfection susceptibility and the intricacies of host-virus interactions during repeated exposures. The urgency and relevance of this investigation are paramount. As the dynamics of the pandemic continue to evolve, the potential for reinfections emerges as a pressing concern. Through rigorous investigation, INSIDER-CoV endeavors to refine the previous knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 reinfections, offering insights that could lead to the development of novel therapeutic interventions and preventive measures. While rooted in academic research, the implications of this study have the potential to influence pharmaceutical developments and inform public health directives on a global scale. Furthermore, the scope of INSIDER-CoV extends beyond the immediate crisis. By considering the broader context of potential respiratory pandemics in the future, the project ensures its relevance and applicability in the long term. In summary, INSIDER-CoV represents a pivotal step in the scientific community's ongoing efforts to combat current and future viral challenges. Through meticulous research and collaboration, this project aims to significantly contribute to the global understanding of viral infections and their broader implications.

Mots clés : sars cov 2 immunology reinfection nasal cavity syrian hamster

Participants :
- Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 242260.56 €
- École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (France) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet we-will-shock (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Mathematics
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The proposed project will focus on the well-posedness theory for hyperbolic systems of conservation laws in multiple space dimensions. The project will consider the stability and well-posedness theory for such systems, in the cases with and without source. In his 2023 survey of the field, Dafermos writes that "in regard to systems [of conservation laws], in one spatial dimension, the fundamental question whether the Cauchy problem in the BV setting is well-posed for initial data with large total variation remains wide open.'' Our program to study quantitative stability will allow us to consider not only large BV solutions, but also large L^2 solutions with "infinite BV." Classically, the best theory of well-posedness for hyperbolic systems in one space dimension is the L^1 theory of Bressan and coworkers, which considers small-BV solutions. Recent results of the researcher, Chen, and Vasseur go significantly beyond the classical small-BV theory, and are able to treat even large L^2 data. The theory uses the technique of a-contraction, and the key assumption is a strong trace condition, a regularity assumption strictly weaker than BV_loc. Our first main objective in this proposal is to quantify the stability in the a-contraction theory, which hasn't been done so far. More precisely, Objective 1 (Quantitative stability): In the setting of large data, derive quantitative stability estimates between L^2 and BV solutions for a large class of systems in one space dimension. The strong trace condition is the key boundary between general weak solutions and the solutions we can show uniqueness for. This brings us our Objective 2 (Regularity): For scalar conservation laws, possibly with nonlocal or unbounded source, under mild technical assumptions, show the existence of the strong traces. This is open even in the one dimensional scalar case with unbounded source. Showing the existence of strong traces would be a significant step towards the program of Dafermos.

Mots clés : compressible euler system, conservation laws, shocks, discontinuous solutions, uniqueness, stability, weighted contraction with shifts

Participants :
- École normale supérieure PSL (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195914.88 €
Projet PhLex (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : TERMINATED

In historical linguistics, scholars often grapple with limited data. Nearly half of the world's ~7,000 languages are endangered. Many of these languages are under-documented, often reduced to mere short wordlists. This is a pressing challenge, as the scarcity hampers our ability to understand linguistic evolution and diversity. Traditional methods often rely on the form of linguistic units, such as phonemes or morphemes. The PhLex project challenges this by emphasising that semantics, while less explored, is not intrinsically unyielding to analysis. PhLex aims to innovate by incorporating semantic analysis into traditional methods, enhancing both our grasp of linguistic evolution, and thus better utilise under-documented language data. To validate this methodology, the PhLex project will focus on the Oceanic language family, spoken across Polynesia, Melanesia, and Micronesia. The first phase involves creating a comprehensive database that explores how these languages articulate concepts related to the semantic domain of perception, like seeing, hearing, and feeling—an area with notable cross-linguistic variation. Subsequent analysis using advanced statistical models traces the historical evolution of the semantic structures, thus applying ‘phylogenetics’ to ‘lexification’, allowing for a comparative assessment against traditional cognate-only methods. The PhLex project’s ultimate objective is to enhance historical linguistic methods by testing a hybrid model that integrates semantic and cognate-based approaches. This model aims to optimise the use of limited linguistic data to provide a nuanced understanding of language origins and evolution. The project thereby opens a new avenue for determining genetic relatedness between languages, an essential factor in understanding linguistic diversification and aiding language preservation efforts in the face of under-documentation.

Mots clés : semantic change, oceanic languages, sensory linguistics, lexification, historical linguistics

Participants :
- Société Max-Planck pour le développement des sciences (Allemagne) — Partner, associated partner, Recherche, subvention : 0.0 €
- École normale supérieure PSL (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195914.88 €