Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet GENIO (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Equal access to college education is a hallmark of egalitarian societies. This is not the case in both the United Kingdom and United States: children from low income households with high standardized test or exam scores are less likely to attend college than children with equal test scores from high income households. However, eliminating family income as a source of unequal college access may still leave inequality of opportunity to attend college and accordingly to accumulate wealth based on another family factor: genetics. Educational attainment is partially heritable, and recent studies have identified specific genetic variants. Despite both a longstanding debate and recent interest in the topic, there is no methodological framework for studying genetic contributions to inequality of opportunity. The first aim of the project is to develop this methodological framework [OB1] by exploiting bioinformatics techniques to measure genetic endowments, econometric techniques to measure returns to genes and inequality of opportunity, and by using sociological theory to interpret the findings and address any normative implications [WP1]. The considered outcomes are income, wealth, and overall health and well-being, as higher educated individuals typically enjoy longer, healthier, and happier lives in addition to higher incomes and accumulated wealth. The second aim [OB2] of the project is to apply this methodological framework to visualize how socioeconomic inequality of opportunity varies by sex and geographic location [WP2]. The third aim of the project [OB3] is explore how the population-level applications developed in [WP1] and [WP2] carry over to the individual level [WP3]. The project crosses disciplinary boundaries by incorporating knowledge and tools from genomics, econometrics, epidemiology, and sociology.

Mots clés : sociogenomics, genoecomics, inequalities, genetics of education, behavior genetics, meritocracy

Participants :
- University of Oxford (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet Gap2bridge (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Eukarya – one of the three Domains of Life along with Archaea and Bacteria (i.e. prokaryotes) – include all complex multicellular life forms, as well as a colossal diversity of unicellular microorganisms. At the cellular level, the gap between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is immense, with the latter cell types displaying a large number of complex subcellular organelles and molecular systems. The evolutionary origin of these unique features, and thus of the eukaryotic cell itself, remains one of the most fascinating enigmas in modern biology. Although many eukaryotic-signature proteins (ESPs) are known to trace back to the last eukaryotic common ancestor, their deeper evolutionary origins remain unclear. The major goal of the current proposal is to illuminate the prokaryote to eukaryote transition by elucidating the origin and subsequent evolution of ESPs, as well as their order of emergence. We will focus on the ESPs of archaeal origin with an emphasis on the specific contribution of the newly discovered Lokiarchaeota lineages to the origin of the eukaryotic cell. In addition, we will aim to determine the placement the eukaryote lineage within the tree of Life and infer the age of the “first eukaryote”. Finally, we will use a novel phylogenomic approach to infer the gene content of the archaeal ancestors of eukaryotes by mapping the evolution of ESPs along the tree of Life. For this purpose, we will analyse entirely novel genomic data from several uncultivated Lokiarchaeota lineages, as well as novel sequence data from deep-branching key eukaryotes. This project will integrate approaches from distinct disciplines within life sciences and computational sciences (including molecular evolution, genomics/metagenomics and cell biology), with a strong emphasis on phylogenomics. Altogether, the innovative nature of this work combined with state-of-the-art methods and novel key genome data will allow to gain unprecedented insights in the origin and early evolution of Eukarya.

Mots clés : eukaryotes, eukarya, archaea, prokaryotes, phylogenetics, phylogenomics, comparative genomics, lokiarchaeota, early evolution, ancestral genome reconstruction, tree of life, microbial genomics, genome

Participants :
- Uppsala University (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 173857.2 €
Projet TREXSpliceosome (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Eukaryotic mRNA is transcribed, capped, spliced and poly-adenylated in the nucleus, but translated in the cytoplasm. Nuclear mRNA export is a key step in gene expression which is still poorly understood in mechanistic detail, but the multi-subunit transcription and export (TREX) complex plays a central role in the process. TREX bridges transcription, RNA processing and packaging to facilitate mRNA export licensing. Understanding TREX function is relevant to human health, as TREX protects against transcription-associated genome instability, is required for development, and has been linked to human disease, including several types of cancer. Despite its importance, many questions about TREX function remain, in particular, how is TREX recruited to mRNA and how is the export factor NXF1-NXT1 deposited on mature mRNA? Here, I propose to study the mechanistic basis of TREX recruitment and function using structural biology and imaging approaches. The host laboratory recently purified an endogenous multi-megadalton spliceosome–TREX complex, whose three-dimensional cryo-EM structure I aim to determine. This will reveal how TREX is recruited to maturing mRNA to read out and relay the presence of activating and repressive marks to, ultimately, decide whether or not to export the mRNA. In close collaboration with the Balzarotti lab (IMP), I will use super-resolution microscopy (MINFLUX) to visualize post-recruitment functions of TREX in situ and test models of how deposition of the mRNA export factor NXF1-NXT is linked to export competence. Taken together, the proposed work will significantly enhance our understanding of TREX as a chaperone of nuclear mRNA processing and export.

Mots clés : mrna export, splicing, cryo em, super resolution microscopy, minflux

Participants :
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 174167.04 €
Projet PLAofTOGETHER (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Europe has never been homogeneous and is increasingly becoming more culturally, ethnically, and religiously diverse over the last century. In 2018, 2.4 million people migrated to Europe from outside of the continent, while 1.4 million migrated internally. The diversification of European cities can be an opportunity for increased tolerance and bilateral exchange or might lead to conflict and fear. Understanding how our urban neighborhoods and their public spaces facilitate tolerance, rather than fear should be a critical research field within the built environment disciplines, bringing together knowledge from design, geography, and social sciences, all the while informing policy and local government priorities. Current literature supports that inter-group contact can lead to greater levels of tolerance, and spatial conditions can play a significant role in facilitating or inhibiting these interactions. Well-integrated urban spaces such as streets, squares, courtyards etc. within neighborhoods have the potential to enrich public life and in the long run reduce discrimination and fear. At present, there is limited research investigating the types of urban spaces and spatial practices that support positive contact between diverse groups, through a multi-level approach looking at different levels of the system. Moreover, there is limited exploration of the impact and agency of intentional urban commoning practices on facilitating encounters, exchanges, and supporting social cohesion and what role communities and local government can play in nurturing social cohesion through local action. My project, ‘Places of togetherness’ (PLAofTOGETHER) will use transition design and participatory research methods to a. investigate the role urban space play in community cohesion and the social integration of immigrants and b. to develop an innovative participatory tool that can be used to advance marginal urban spaces into places of togetherness by communities and local government.

Mots clés : urban space, public space, social integration, urban commons, refugees, participation, communities

Participants :
- National Technical University of Athens (Grèce) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 165085.44 €
Projet UnleashLupin (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Europe is in great need of a locally produced protein crop as it imports 70% of its protein requirements. Narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius, NLL) represents an excellent candidate. It is native to Europe, able to fix atmospheric nitrogen and produces high-protein grain (up to 40%). However, toxic alkaloids in the grain (quinolizidine alkaloids, QAs) prevent its widespread cultivation. Cultivars with low QA levels in all tissues are available; however, these are susceptible to herbivores, and grain QA content often surpasses safety thresholds. Interestingly, QAs are not produced in the grain, but are transported to the grain from vegetative tissues. Thus, I propose to specifically eliminate QAs from grain using a transport engineering approach without compromising defenses in vegetative tissues. In this UnleashLupin project I will discover and characterise the unknown transport proteins involved in translocating QAs to the grain. For this, I will combine my background in NLL genetics and genomics with the expertise of the Nour‒Eldin laboratory, which is world-leading in the field of plant specialised metabolite transport. Candidate genes will be selected from recently generated resources, and they will be tested for transport activity (e.g. in Xenopus oocytes) and cellular/sub-cellular localization. Techniques for in planta characterization (e.g. virus-induced gene silencing) will be provided by the Geu-Flores laboratory, which is currently investigating QA biosynthesis in NLL. The outcome will significantly advance the emerging field of long-distance transport of plant specialised metabolites. It will also be instrumental in the development of a locally grown high-value, herbivore-resistant NLL crop that accumulates little or no QAs in the grain but retains QAs in vegetative tissues. Such a crop has the potential of curbing the EU’s dependency on imported vegetable protein, thus contributing to sustainability and economic growth.

Mots clés : transport engineering, anti nutritional compounds, crop improvement, pulse, secondary metabolites

Participants :
- University of Copenhagen (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 207312.0 €
Projet LILDIA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Europe is taking a world-leading role in developing new technologies crucial for meeting the needs of the multi-billion-euro particle accelerator market in healthcare, science and industry. Laser driven plasma accelerators are a disruptive technology developing hand-in-hand with the ongoing revolution in high power lasers. Research in laser driven accelerators typically utilise near-IR pulses, but there are benefits in using longer laser wavelengths which enables the use of lower density plasmas, boosting some accelerator properties. This project will capitalise on recent advances in CO2 lasers to experimentally develop repetitive ion accelerators driven by high-power longwave infrared pulses, which are focused to intensities so extreme that a plasma at laser focus is driven to velocities approaching the speed of light. This project will do this through three main research thrusts: 1) development of novel and comprehensive diagnostics for high repetition rate, enabling 2) the first characterisation of "electrostatic collisionless shockwaves" in high intensity-gas interaction, thought to accelerate narrowband ion beams, and 3) the investigation of high intensity laser solid interaction with unprecedented diagnostic access made possible by the long laser wavelength, providing unique insight into fundamentals which underpin the ion acceleration process. The project will therefore develop a new frontier in intense laser-plasma interactions and energetic ion sources with extremely high peak current, low transverse emittance and easily varied ion species, providing a promising alternative to conventional accelerators. This cutting-edge research combined with advanced training and networking opportunities at Imperial College London will not only position me at the front of an emerging field, enhancing future career prospects, but also reinforce European R&D in advanced accelerator concepts from a new perspective.

Mots clés : high power laser ion accelerator ion source laser plasma interactions high intensity

Participants :
- Imperial College London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 224933.76 €
Projet REE Value Chain (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Europe is the leading importer and consumer of rare earth minerals both in mineral and applied forms. Europe is almost dependent on others for imports of these mineral resources, despite the fact that engineering and manufacturing are backbone of many European economies. The criticality of these minerals were highlighted in European Commission’s Report of the Ad hoc Working Group on defining critical raw materials published in 2010 as well as 2014. E.U’s primary end use application of REEs includes polishing, metal alloys, magnets, and catalysts. Highest demand growth is foreseen in high tech-electric/hybrid vehicle motors, magnets, phosphors and ceramics end-markets. Though these raw materials are fundamental to Europe’s economy, growth and jobs, the importance of these minerals to European economy has never been studied thoroughly. However, responses have been initiated in different nations, economic areas and companies, with the European Commission launching the “Raw Materials Initiative (RMI)”. European Commission has identified criticality of raw materials to boost the innovation capacity of the EU along with addressing entire raw materials value chain in the Raw materials part of the Societal Challenge 5 of Horizon 2020. Therefore an empirical study on rare metals including rare earth elements and its importance to European economy in terms total demand, the issue of stable supply, recycling capacity of European companies, value addition and value chain management become important aspects to study and applying an input-output matrix and network diagram, the study will trace the entire value chain of the identified minerals from mining to intermediate products to final products and calculate the value addition in each stage

Mots clés : rare earth elements, value chain, material flow assessment

Participants :
- Leiden University (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 177598.8 €
Projet ERN16-17 SVK (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : European Researchers' Night
Statut du projet : CLOSED

European Researchers` Night has been successfully implemented 9times and has covered 4 from 8 regions all over Slovakia. In 2015 it took place in 6 cities, the event featured nearly 1.000 researchers and was attended by up to 160.000 visitors. Thanks to interactive presentations of scientific work and research, in very friendly and informal atmosphere, we managed to increase the interest and augmented awareness of science in general public. The main objective is to inform the general public about the inconspicuous, yet fundamental influence of the scientists within the society and to present their outcomes, which are crucial for society. The project supports also the area of regional development and intensifies interaction between hundreds of scientists. The concept for ERN 2016-2017 will have common themes to all venues and locations in Slovakia: Experience the Science (2016) and Science is the story (2017). Active participation of researchers from different institutions, various fields, focusing on various subjects of research will create great platform for showing young people how lively and impulsive could scientific career be. People will have an opportunity to spend all day visiting different presentations and stands, lectures and discussions, testing scientific applications, and getting in touch with real researchers. Thanks to these direct exchanges and discussions they can discover the "human face" of researchers and are more likely to remember their successes or stories. In 2016 we intend to prepare exceptional and bigger event in regard to 10th anniversary of ERN in Slovakia as well as the Slovak Presidency of EU Council. Unique celebration of science will be supported by various pre events and teasers and engaged more cultural institutions. Presidency of EU Council will also offer additional space for promoting ERN event as crucial part of enhancing the visibility of the Slovak and EU research.

Mots clés : science, scientists, researchers, research, science show, students, children, schools, experience, story, researchers  night, slovakia, 10th anniversary, presidency of the council of the eu

Participants :
- Slovak Centre of Scientific and Technical Information (Slovaquie) — Partner, beneficiary, Organismes publics (hors enseignement & recherche), subvention : 21000.0 €
- Slovenska organizacia pre vyskumnea vyvojove aktivity zdruzenie (Slovaquie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Autres, subvention : 185000.0 €
- Slovak Academy of Sciences (Slovaquie) — Partner, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 32000.0 €
- EurActiv (Slovaquie) — Partner, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 10300.0 €
Projet BAHCI (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

European Union Members States (EU-MS) share similar levels of development and access to care. Yet, key population health indicators vary widely across countries. The societal burden of these inequalities is high, and leveraging evidence to achieve better health outcomes is a priority. Within countries, Health Information Systems (HIS) are the cornerstone of public health interventions. In Europe however, health surveillance data are fragmented: EU-MS report different items to different international data collection exercises; there is variation between countries with regard to the amount of data collected, how it is generated, and its quality; and there are gaps in information. Whereas we have good mortality data, we are weak on morbidity data, on the quality of care for chronic conditions, and on evaluating patients’ experiences of disease. Overall, there is heterogeneity in the level of evidence that can be used by key stakeholders and in specific health-domains; and we do not know the extent to which differences in health information (HI) capacity might influence on the population burden of disease. This post-doctoral project aims to provide a “HI Impact Index” that could be used by EU public health agencies and policy planners to measure the uptake of evidence into policies and care, and ultimately their impact on population health overall and in priority areas for Europe: maternal and child health, chronic diseases, antimicrobial resistance, injury prevention, and patient reported outcomes and experiences. The research will be hosted at the Belgian Federal Research Institute for Public Health under the supervision of Professor Herman Van Oyen, coordinator of the upcoming European Joint Action on Health Information. This MSCA project is a unique opportunity for me to consolidate my credentials as a European public health researcher and expand my career possibilities beyond the perinatal health field.

Mots clés : health information systems, health system performance, surveillance and monitoring, health indicators, european public health, ehealth, evidence based health interventions

Participants :
- Sciensano (Belgium) (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 172800.0 €
Projet EVI (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

European Visual Identity - Summary This project uses virtual ethnography and semiotic deconstruction to critically investigate how the formation of a European identity is reliant upon political symbols with which EU citizens can emotionally identify, and suggests directions for reforming the Union’s ‘symbolic capital’1 to encourage greater citizen affiliation with the EU.

Mots clés : european identity, political symbols, european iconography, numismatics, eu flag, cartography, monuments, visual identity, political communication

Participants :
- University of Amsterdam (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 165598.8 €