Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ATTOPIE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project „Attosecond plasmon imaging with electrons“ (ATTOPIE) aims at the experimental realization of the long-desired attosecond photoemission electron microcope (PEEM) to record plasmonic near-fields with nanometer spatial resolution directly on the field level. In this microscope, the attosecond temporal resolution of laser physics is combined with the nanometer spatial resolution of electron microscopy. An infrared pump pulse triggers ultrafast electron dynamics on the surface of a sample. With a certain time delay, an attosecond ultraviolet pulse probes these dynamics by emitting photoelectrons from the sample. These electrons are directly accelerated in the plasmonic near-field, imprinting the field’s local strength into the kinetic energy of the electron. The emission site and the kinetic energy of each electron is recorded in a photoemission electron microscope with few ten nanometer resolution. From the locally recorded kinetic energy spectra of the electrons for a series of pump-probe delays, the complete dynamics of plasmonic near-fields can be reconstructed on the field level. The realization of such an attosecond PEEM becomes possible by employing a state-of-the-art optical parametric chirped pulse amplification laser system with a repetition rate of 200 kHz to generate high harmonics and consequently attosecond pulses. With the increased repetition rate compared to conventional amplifier systems by a factor of 100, the measurement time is significantly reduced, rendering the experimental realization possible. This fundamental research on the described imaging technique with direct access to the propagation and interaction of localized fields on nanometer length- and femtosecond timescales will open up a multitude of research approaches to understand, e.g., nanometric energy transport for improved photovoltaics or petahertz information processing in future optical transistors.

Mots clés : attosecond physics, photoemission electron microscopy

Participants :
- Lund University (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 185857.2 €
Projet CHROMOCURE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project, entitled “Chromotherapy: Modernity and the Colour Cure” (CHROMOCURE), aims to analyse how the search to heal the human mind and body in modern society was framed by the curative properties of colour from 1880 to 1940. Fin-de-siècle and early 20th-century modernity (1880s-1930s) succeeded the mid-19th-century colour revolution in Europe, when the manufacture of new chemical aniline dyes enabled the production of novel synthetic colours at the same time as the physiology of colour and light perception became a central focus of the expanding field of optics. Informed by the rise of spiritualism or occult beliefs and the Victorian fascination with synaesthesia (a perceptual condition in which sensory input from one cognitive stream, like sound, gives rise to sensory input from another unstimulated cognitive stream, like colour), modern doctors, psychologists, musicians, and artists attributed therapeutic or stimulating functions to colour in the form of coloured light, sound, and art. Dr Fryxell will investigate how doctors, artists, and public intellectuals across Britain, America, France, and Germany understood the perception of colour to impact human physiology and psychology. Using a close analysis of historical medical texts, music/art treatises, and spiritual writings, she will trace the relationship between popular understandings of colour therapeutics (“chromotherapy”) and the use of colour in modern art/music. This research will reveal new interdisciplinary connections between medicine and modern art by investigating colour’s centrality to social therapeutics and aesthetics. Dr Fryxell’s innovative approach to chromotherapy in the fields of cultural history and colour studies will enable her to reveal a hitherto unknown aspect of medical history (the use of colour to treat human disease in modern societies) as well as connect the use of colour in modern art to a broader history of the curative properties attributed to colour in early modernity.

Mots clés : colour, history of medicine, health, affect, emotions, history of science, cultural history, modern art, music, art history, perception, embodiment, cognition

Participants :
- Sorbonne Université (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 184707.84 €
Projet DYNAMICS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

This project, “The Dynamic Impacts of Child Health and Skills Enhanced by School Interventions across the Life Course” (DYNAMICS), is the first ever to rigorously and comprehensively study complete short- and long-term dynamic effects of health and human capital at school ages. It combines research in the fields of economics and epidemiology to answer the overarching research question: whether and how the dynamics of a child’s health and skills, enhanced by successive nationwide school reforms, translates into various later-life outcomes. Economists have recently shown that public health interventions in early life substantially boost an individual’s earnings in the long term, albeit have not investigated how these effects emerge. Moreover, epidemiologists have found that body size, growth and disease history at school ages are strongly associated with health in adulthood. DYNAMICS investigates how the interplay of school health, nutrition, and education reforms as well as the event of WWII, which uniquely overlapped in Denmark, affected children and how it formed their health and well-being in adulthood. It combines the most recent advances in research through the University of Southern Denmark’s expertise in health dynamics and advanced econometric methods, the University of Copenhagen’s expertise in life course epidemiology, my research experience with individual data and early-life effects, and the richest data on Denmark. This project will not only create societally important cutting-edge knowledge in applied microeconomics but also immensely broaden my international network and provide important transferable skills for future success.

Mots clés : school based health intervention, human capital formation, long term socioeconomic effects, dynamic interactions

Participants :
- University of Southern Denmark (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 207312.0 €
Projet Garibaldinism (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project’s overall objective is to carry out a transnational study of the legacies and the survival of the myth of the so-called Garibaldinism between the experience of the the Italian unification (1861) and the Spanish Civil War (1936-39). Following both a social and cultural history perspective, it will analyse how the legacy of Giuseppe Garibaldi in Southern Europe was very strong and was linked with social and political claims. In our approach Garibaldinism will refer to a political and cultural phenomenon aimed at encouraging a board and consciously “popular” type of aggregation strictly linked to the tradition of armed voluntarism and the attempt to form an ideal homogeneous block that goes beyond the single ideological matrices and political formations of which it is composed. Between 19th and 20th Century several European generations, the last was the antifascist one, claimed for themselves the cultural, political, and ideal heritage of Garibaldinism. There were radical volunteers wearing the traditional red shirt in Poland (1863), at Crete (1866-67), in France (1870-71), in the Balkans (1876), in Greece (1897), in Serbia (1912 and 1914), in France again (1914) and in Spain (1936-39). A significant part of those volunteers were republicans, anarchists or socialists. There are three main questions addressed by this research project: • Is it possible to identify a long-term tradition of international armed volunteering linked with political radicalism between the 19th and the 20th Century? • Is it right to speak about a transnational Garibaldinism? • Is it possible to identify Garibaldinism as a bridge between different radical political creeds (e.g. Anarchism, Socialism and, later on, Communism)? The deliverables will be two papers published in leading journals and a book published in English. The fellowship will be highly beneficial to establish the PI as one of the leading European experts on International armed volunteers in European history.

Mots clés : transnational war volunteering, transnational history, social history, political radicalism, southern europe, 19th century, 20th century, garibaldi, transnational networks

Participants :
- University of Leeds (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet DPETNA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This proposal aims at exploring the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influence on the tropical North Atlantic (TNA) sea surface temperature (SST). The SST variability in the TNA region has been observed to affect weather and climate in surrounding areas, including European heat waves, tropical Atlantic hurricane activity, the West African monsoon, and rainfall over north-eastern Brazil. Fishery production in the subtropical Atlantic is, likewise, closely related to TNA SST anomalies. Hence, better understanding the predictability sources of the TNA SST variability is of major relevance, not only for the climate forecasting community but also for different socio-economic sectors. The scientific objective of this project is to advance understanding of the simulation and prediction of TNA SST at seasonal-to-interannual timescales. The main goals are to gain insight into the dynamical mechanisms at work, and to assess the ability of current seasonal forecast systems in representing the ENSO-TNA remote connection. Climate model deficiencies and biases, which lead to uncertainties in their forecasts, will also be addressed. Concrete plans for society outreach, enabling the impact and dissemination of results, will be undertaken in a targeted work-package. The novelties of this project are (i) the evaluation of a new teleconnection mechanism to explain the timing of the intertropical relationship, (ii) the assessment of the ENSO contribution to SST skill over the TNA region, and (iii) the use of the most complete set to date of operational seasonal forecast systems. The latter, in particular, ensures that the outcomes derived from this fellowship will contribute to meet users’ needs.

Mots clés : enso, tropical atlantic variability, atmospheric teleconnection dynamics, seasonal forecasting, multi model ensemble hindcasts, model bias, outreach activities

Participants :
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 158121.6 €
Projet CONSEQUENT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This proposal aims at the first investigation and utilization of nonlinear interactions between mechanical vibrational modes, i.e phonons. These phonons will be excited, controlled and measured through their interaction with light in optomechanical crystals, which are designed and made by means for nano-fabrication techniques. Optomechanical crystals have shown powerful applications in electronics, as they are resonant at GHz frequencies, commonly used in electronic signal processing. Furthermore, mechanical oscillators, when cooled to few phonons, exhibit quantum mechanical properties, which can be exploited for quantum information processing. Limiting factors for both classical and quantum applications, however, are the high optical absorption and low thermal conductivities of common materials used for optomechanical crystals, such as silicon nitride. Diamond on the other hand has a two-orders of magnitude higher thermal conductivity and better mechanical properties than silicon nitride. These unique features enable the excitation of extremely high phonon intensities and coherent laser-like mechanical oscillations, as recently demonstrated by the outgoing host. While lasers gave birth to the field of nonlinear optics, one of the largest research fields in physics, the high intensity and coherent phonon oscillations in diamond enable for the first time the investigation of nonlinear phonon interactions. The aim of this project is to conduct the first characterization of nonlinear phonon interactions, thereby opening-up the new research-field of Nonlinear Optomechanics. These nonlinear interactions will then be used for novel classical and quantum functionalities. In particular, nonlinear phonon gain and energy transfer between different frequency modes will be investigated with applications in electronics, while nonlinear coupling between frequency modes will enable controllable superposition in phonon quantum states.

Mots clés : nonlinear physics, optomechanics, nonlinear mechanics, nonlienar optics, nanophotonics, quantum optics, quantum information

Participants :
- University of Vienna (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 261208.8 €
- Harvard University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet OleFluor (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : SIGNED

This proposal aims to develop a new C–F bond-forming strategy that exploits C–C double bonds as functional groups by means of carbyne transfer catalysis. We want to develop a general and functional group tolerant process that can use petrochemical feedstocks, fine chemicals as well as complex molecules containing alkene functionalities. The new reaction introduce asymmetry within the skeletal structure of the olefin and reach valuable secondary and tertiary allylic fluorides that are difficult or not possible to make by current methodologies based on nucleophilic fluorination. The background and leadership of the Experience Researcher (ER) are key to successfully develop the proposed project and will allow the ER and the Host group to develop a new fluorination reaction that has the potential to have broad impact in the synthesis of fluorinated bioactive molecules. A key strength of this proposal is the introduction of a secondment in the Centre for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CICbiomaGUNE) to develop radiolabeling studies with nucleophilic [18F]-fluoride sources. With the development of this project, the ER will acquire new scientific training in carbyne transfer catalysis, C–C bond cleavage and (radio)fluorinations, strength leadership skills by co-supervising a PhD student and to introduce the Host group into radiolabeling techniques to impact PET imaging. The host group and ICIQ have the full commitment to aid the fellow to reach a position as independent academic.

Mots clés : rh carbenes, hypervalent iodine reagents, c c bond cleavage, radio fluorination

Participants :
- Institut Català d'Investigació Química (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 172932.48 €
Projet US-E AntiRacism (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This proposal aims to investigate how the Roman Catholic Church responded to the issue of anti-black racism from the 1930s to the age of decolonization and the US civil rights movement. What emerges is the Church’s pivotal contribution to the recasting of racial discourse(s) and behaviors. For the first time, the project carries out an overall transnational analysis on this subject, focusing on Catholic “interracialism” as a peculiar third way between racism and anti-racism: • How did interracialism spread and become common sense in Catholicism on both sides of the Atlantic? • Did interracialism really change traditional race thinking? • What were the ideological interactions between American-style interracialism and mainstream European Catholic colonial and postcolonial culture? The starting point will be the figure of Fr. John LaFarge, the American Jesuit pioneer of the interracial movement, and his entourage. The research’s key contribution lies in making a history of the circulation of these ideals across the European press, ecclesiastical networks, and the intellectual panorama, taking into consideration some specific poles, i.e. Vatican environments and three Catholic colonial powers (France, Belgium, Italy). Following a perspective of religious, cultural and transnational history, the project’s main objective is to focus on the inter-crossing of ideologies, images and practices. It will foreground the “speakers” of that discourse, as well as the features and limits of such an interracialism as a “sound” antiracism. The University of Florence and Fordham University will perfectly support the scientific and civil contents of this proposal. The expertise offered by the faculty at these institutions, in tandem with both universities’ resources, is crucial to reaching the project's goals. These include a book, three articles, as well as research dissemination and professional networking via conference presentations, workshops, teaching, and outreach activities.

Mots clés : roman catholicism, racism, antiracism, interracialism, imperialism, nationalism, transnational history, lafarge john, s j, interracial justice

Participants :
- University of Genoa (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 262269.0 €
- Fordham University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of Florence (Italie) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet Mycena (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This proposal aims to shed light on the life strategy of Mycena (or bonnet mushrooms), a widespread group of macrofungi and with important functions in forests and other terrestrial ecosystems. While its members have traditionally been uniformly assumed to be degraders of litter, wood and other dead biological matter, very recent research has suggested that several members could in fact be parasitically or mutualistically biotrophic with plants. In numerous studies, environmental sequences with affinity to Mycena have been observed associated with plant roots. To solve this puzzle, we will use a multifaceted, interdisciplinary approach where we combine traditional knowledge about fungal cultivation with advanced DNA sequencing technology and isotope analyses techniques. The rapidly developing high throughput DNA sequencing technology (HTS) produces millions of DNA strands within hours, and by applying this to plant roots, we will quickly obtain an overview of the presence of Mycena in or on plant roots (indicating a possible biotrophic relationship). We will create a database of Mycena sequences from our own sequencing as well as sequences already publicly available. By sequencing the entire genome of five carefully selected species of Mycena, we will be able to analyse the genomic content associated with different life strategies. As molecular identification of Mycena associated with plant roots does not indicate an ecological interaction per se, we will employ innovative research techniques designed to quantify potential interactions. Isotopic fractionation of carbon/nitrogen of Mycenas and plants at field sites can reveal the mushroom´s source of carbon, and co-culturing of biotrophic Mycenas together with plants will provide direct evidence for the nature of their relationship(s). This research will clarify the ecology of a prominent and widespread genus of fungi, thereby illuminating its role in forest and general plant ecology.

Mots clés : ecology, saprotroph, mycorrhiza, symbiosis, plant roots, nutritional mode, ecosystem function, high throughput sequencing, comparative genomics, bioinformatics

Participants :
- University of Oslo (Norvège) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 208400.4 €
Projet rSAMs-NANO (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This proposal concerns Reversible Self-assembled Monolayers (rSAMs) as dynamic nanoparticle shells for multivalent interactions at biointerfaces. Current drug design and diagnostics are exploring the multivalency concept, i.e. binding of biological targets via multiple weak interactions. In contrast to classical drug design relying on high-affinity inhibitors, this relies on dendritic architectures featuring a high density of ligands, e.g. saccharides, capable of simultaneously interacting with biointerfacial receptors. This strategy can be used to inhibit the virus entry by blocking the receptor at the early stages of infection and the concept is being explored as antiviral drugs and in virus sensing. However, in current systems ligands are covalently fixed on the particle surface. This prevents control over the ligand distribution and composition which compromises selectivity and affinity of the interactions. rSAMs are pH-switchable versions of thiol-SAMs. They are tunable with respect to the nature of the head group and layer order and stability while featuring pH responsiveness and the dynamic nature of non-covalently build assemblies e.g. lipid bilayers. Ligand decorated rSAMs therefore feature strongly enhanced affinities for multivalent targets. The main aims of this proposal are: 1) to investigate the use of rSAMs as dynamic nanoparticle shells for multivalent inhibition of viruses and 2) to assess such systems as nanoplasmonic sensors for antibody-free ultrasensitive, robust and rapid in situ virus detection. Under 1) we will select model pathogens, e.g. Ebola and prepare a series of saccharide terminated amidines for the first generation dynamic shell nanoparticles.Their efficiency will be assessed in infection assays using artificial virus particles Under 2) we will develop influenza virus sensors with subtyping capability within human and animal virus strains. The sensors will be validated with respect to benchmark assays.

Mots clés : virus sensor, influenza, ebola, self assembled monolayer, switchable, multivalent interactions, self, assembly, antiviral drug, nanomaterials, amidine, glycan, lectin, sialic acid

Participants :
- Malmö University (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 185857.2 €