Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet LONintLAW (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

This postdoc project provides the first historical account of how the predecessor of today’s United Nations, the League of Nations, fundamentally contributed to the development of international law in the early Twentieth Century. With the help of an innovative methodology, the project will lay bare how: firstly, the League forged diplomatic strategies to convince member states to accept the regulation of their actions through the signature of over one hundred international treaties and conventions; secondly, it developed techniques to draft and implement multilateral legal instruments, which still prevail today. Thus, the project will make a pathbreaking contribution to both the history of international law and the history of international organizations, and it will be of interest for historians, legal scholars and political scientists. It will be carried out in an environment which currently represents Europe’s most thriving research hub in the history of international law. Moreover, it is specifically designed to provide the scientific and non-scientific training activities that I need at this stage to take my career to the next level.

Mots clés : 20th century history, interwar period, history of the league of nations, history of international law, juridification of international relations in the 1920s and 1930s

Participants :
- University of Copenhagen (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 207312.0 €
Projet TEMPTATION (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project addresses the quest of new materials and approaches that nanotechnology requires to solve the current limitations of medicine. The potential to externally track and image organs and the potential presence and evolution of diseases by using light becomes a reality thanks to the use of especially tailored biocompatible nanoplatforms. New avenues to image living bodies by light allied with mechanical waves (i.e. sound) are going to be opened. We propose here an elegant marriage between light and sound endowing smartly designed nanoprobes with the capability of deep-tissue photoacoustic imaging, also accompanied by all-optical temperature sub-tissue measuring. To increase the penetration depth and spatial resolution, an imaging approach pumping the probes with near-infrared light is proposed. Therefore, we propose a kind of material no previously exploited for photoacoustic exogenous agent, working as bimodal nanoprobe by also optically measuring temperature within the biological transparency windows in the near-infrared

Mots clés : photoacoustic imaging, nanothermometry, surface functionalization

Participants :
- University of Aveiro (Portugal) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 207759.8 €
- Stanford University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet JEOC (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

This project addresses the question of what happens when mafias are weakened, focussing on Japan and Italy. According to Diego Gambetta’s protection framework, which was expanded by Federico Varese, mafias replace the state in the everyday life of the local communities in which they operate. Indeed, both the Italian mafias and the Japanese yakuza have exerted control over local communities, providing extra-legal protection and limiting the scope of ordinary criminality. Over the past fifty years, the struggle between mafias and the state has threatened democratic institutions and impacted the relationship between the state and society, prompting the state to introduce increasingly severe anti-organised crime (OC) legislation, which contributed to the weakening of these groups. While considerable efforts have been invested in this conflict, little research has addressed what happens when these policies are successful. The overall objective of the study is to identify the criminogenic effects resulting from the power vacuum left by a declining mafia, by: 1) analysing what determines the decline of a mafia in advanced liberal economies; 2) determining the socio-structural factors that favour the rise of new forms of criminality; 3) identifying the structure and modus operandi of the actors who take up the governing role in the markets previously monopolised by a mafia; 4) theorising an interdisciplinary approach to understand the long-term effects of the fight against OC; 5) suggesting anti-OC policies that empower civil society. JEOC will employ traditional archival, ethnographical, and visual research based on established research networks in Japan and Italy. The outputs will include a monograph on post-mafia governance and insurgent OCGs, a journal article on research methods, an open-access English database with a photo exhibition, and a photo book.

Mots clés : criminology, sociology, organised crime, japan

Participants :
- Tokai University (Japon) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of Oxford (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 279228.48 €
Projet OPTIMAL NMR (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project aims at changing the impact of optimal control methodology on solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). This way, routine structure determination of biological solids like amyloid fibrils and membrane proteins will be facilitated. Multi-dimensional experiments of these samples often suffer from low resolution and sensitivity. Optimal control theory provides efficient means for automated design of pulse experiments with improved efficiency, lower deposited radiofrequency power, and robustness with respect to experimental imperfections. The methodology has already been successfully applied to liquid state as well as solid state NMR. However, and especially for solids, the optimized pulse sequences are not used within the NMR community, probably due to barriers imposed by individual RF hardware characteristics of the employed probes and consoles. In order to change this we propose, in cooperation with the market leading manufacturer of NMR spectrometers, to study the interplay of the hardware with numerically predicted “optimal” experiments, including relaxation and reformulation of the optimization problem in a new theoretical framework. Such comprehensive optimizations should provide us with easy-to-use building blocks of multidimensional solid state NMR experiments with superior performance, boosting thus the sensitivity and the accessibility of structural information from the acquired spectra. To promote dissemination of the developed protocols a workshop on implementation of optimal control methods in magnetic resonance will be organized. The potential impact of the project is enormous, revolutionizing hardware development with new quality measures that combine its properties with fundamental laws of spin dynamics.

Mots clés : solid state nuclear magnetic resonance, pulse sequence design, optimal control, structural biology

Participants :
- Technical University of Munich (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 171460.8 €
Projet MoWE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project aims at designing mooring system for floating wave energy converters (WECs) using a design approach based on numerical uncertainty quantification to estimate loads to a given tolerance level. This approach is to be compared to traditional deterministic approach with safety factors in terms of cost of the designed system. This is to be achieved by: (i) using an uncertainty quantification (UQ) toolbox based on general polynomial chaos (gPC) into a state-of-the-art mooring dynamics solver; (ii) to perform detailed numerical investigation on the influence on snap-loads on the mooring design. All parts aim at providing a base for lowering the economic cost of the mooring system.

Mots clés : mooring cables, uncertainty quantification, probabilistic design, wave energy, mooring loads

Participants :
- Aalborg University (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 200194.8 €
Projet AVATURN (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : SIGNED

This project aims at developing a source of Fourier-transform-limited single-photons which does not require ultra-high-vacuum (UHV) or cryogenic environment. Thanks to these characteristics, such a source is ideally suited for practical applications. It relies on a novel approach based on a collectively enhanced resonant light-atom interaction within an ensemble of weakly coupled emitters. The key mechanism is a photon-number dependent quantum interference that can modify the photon-statistics of a weak coherent state, i.e. bunching or antibunching, when travelling through the ensemble. Interestingly, when interacting with a critical number of emitters, the coherent state can be transformed into a stream of antibunched single photons. In such a case the ensemble acts as a single-photon turnstile. The transmitted single photons are indistinguishable – an important feature for most quantum information applications. While this interference mechanism was recently experimentally demonstrated with cold atoms in our team, in this proposal we explore a whole new regime with thermal atomic vapor of Rubidium. Different strategies will be implemented to mitigate the effect of the much broader velocity class of the atoms in the thermal vapor. In particular, a velocity-selective excitation scheme will allow to circumvent the Doppler broadening. In addition to the remarkable feature of not requiring complex optical setups and cooling, this new source would generate single photons at telecom wavelength of 1529 nm, well-suited for long distance communication. On the other hand, it also enables integration with the mature technological platform of silicon photonics. Finally, in order to increase its practicability, the current proposal envisions to explore two different fiber-integrated designs for such a source: a nanofiber (evanescently coupled to the thermal vapor) and a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (filled with the thermal vapor).

Mots clés : hot vapor, single photon source, fiber

Participants :
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 174806.4 €
Projet LoGIcInMAS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project aims at developing formal methods based on logics and game theory to model, specify and analyse multi-agent systems (MAS). Such systems, in which autonomous agents interact and strategize to achieve private and/or common objectives, are central in many endeavours of high potential societal impact, such as the development of smart cities or robotic rescue teams for nuclear accidents. Because of the criticality of many application areas, there has been over the recent years an important and rising effort to bring together the formal methods community and the MAS community in order to develop theoretical paradigms and practical tools to help design provably correct multi-agent systems. The logical approach has until now been particularly successful. The most recent and promising proposal was made by Chatterjee, Henzinger and Piterman, who in 2010 introduced Strategy Logic, a logic tailored to reason about rich game-theoretic notions in multi-agent systems. This logic enjoys very interesting properties and has been well studied, but much remains to be done. In most real-life applications, agents only have imperfect information about their environment. Typically, rescue robots each have only a local, partial view of their environment. Their sensors may even get damaged during the mission, due to radiations for example. Considering imperfect information deeply impacts the strategizing process, and it also calls for a modelling of agents' uncertainty. In this project we propose to extend Strategy Logic to account for imperfect information and to allow for reasoning about agents' knowledge.


Participants :
- University of Naples Federico II (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 168277.2 €
Projet ODes aCCES (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project aims at improving the energy efficiency of cruise ship energy systems by applying principles of process integration while taking into account the issues related to system optimal control. In particular, the project aims at providing: - Detailed information on the main challenges and requirements for the application of the concept of simultaneous optimisation of design and control to ship energy systems design. - An estimation of the energy savings potential related to the application of the aforementioned optimization concept to cruise ships. The project’s aim should be seen as part of broader efforts in reducing anthropogenic CO2 emissions and in reinforcing the competitive strength of the European cruise and shipbuilding industries, which have been facing, in recent years, an increasing number of challenges in terms of fluctuating fuel prices, stricter environmental regulations, and concerns about global warming. The project will also allow a significant development of the experienced researcher in advancing his career as an expert in energy systems engineering by providing him with competence in the fields of process integration and control systems engineering. The project will develop in three main phases. The first to phases will include the application of the process integration and the control system engineering perspectives separately, in order to reduce the complexity of the problem. The two aspects will be combined in the final part of the project. This procedure will be applied to a number of case studies in order to make sure that potential challenges to the application of the presented methodology to real cases will be identified, and to ensure the validity of the results.

Mots clés : low carbon shipping

Participants :
- Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology (Suisse) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 175419.6 €
Projet PACT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project aims at providing a mathematical understanding of software exploiting modern distributed computer architectures, through the study of type systems for concurrent programs from a logical perspective. Type systems are an essential part of modern programming languages, that have proved to be a reliable support for the development of trustworthy software in the standard setting of sequential (functional) computing. However, the mathematical foundations and associated techniques underlying the type systems of functional programming languages have not yet been transferred to the distributed setting, although this is a crucial step in the development of concurrent programming languages. A cornerstone of the development of functional type systems was the connection between proof systems, in formal logic, and programming languages. Proof theory is a flexible tool that naturally leads to a precise, mathematical specification of type systems that can be very expressive. The goal of the project is to leverage recent work in computational logic (in particular linear logic and its extensions) to design type systems for process calculi (a mathematical representation of distributed software) that support the features necessary to the development of a programming language. Specifically, the question of the sequentiality of computing steps in this parallel setting is the major point of contention, that needs to be addressed for such a programming language to be reasonably conceived. This proof-theoretical approach to concurrency theory (the mathematical study of distributed software) is the key to the development of type systems that would validate well-behaved distributed programs: the main objectives of the project are the integration of explicit sequentiality to state-of-the-art systems, and the establishment of a precise relation between the typeability of a program (its validity according to the type system) and its implementability.

Mots clés : type systems, distributed programming, session types, linear logic

Participants :
- Technische Universität Berlin (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 159460.8 €
Projet DInTopF (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project aims at studying the topological properties of ultracold atoms in a periodically-driven honeycomb optical lattice in the presence of disorder and interactions. It relies on an already-existing experimental setup that can routinely create topological Floquet phases with weakly-interacting bosonic potassium atoms. The development of several technical tools will allow for the investigation of yet-unexplored topological phases of matter and bring solutions to the inherent heating due to the periodic driving. A first task is the direct observation of topological edge states and the realization of a Chern number 2 topological phase. This requires the implementation of a box potential and a better control of the laser beams providing the optical lattice. It will provide for the first time a complete picture of the bulk-edge correspondence and of the phase diagram of Floquet systems. A second set of experiments involves the setting of a disorder potential, and will bring into light the interplay between topology and disorder in periodically-driven systems. In particular the existence of disorder-induced topological phases such as the anomalous Floquet Anderson insulator will be demonstrated. In this phase, the bulk is fully localized and topologically-protected edge states do exist. In the last part of the project, a vertical confinement will be implemented, and it will be combined with the tuning of interactions with a Feshbach resonance to bring the system to a strongly-interacting regime. There, interesting phases of matter can be explored, such as a fermionization of the gas loaded in a so-called moat band. More strikingly, a topological many-body-localized Floquet phase can be realized, where the strongly-interacting particles undergo a periodic driving, but are resilient to heating while supporting a topological edge state.

Mots clés : topology, floquet systems, quantum gases, optical lattices, many body localization, anderson localization

Participants :
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 162806.4 €
Projet LANTERNS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

This project aims to address the current limitations of existing in vivo optical imaging nanoprobes (ONPs). Specifically, the present study targets a tangible breakthrough that will increase both the optical contrast and sub-tissue penetration depth of optical imaging, compared to that obtainable with state-of-the art contrast agents. In particular, the ability to optically overcome the limitations imposed by autofluorescence (light endogenously generated by the specimen upon irradiation) constitutes a very demanding requirement for the real-life application of ONPs. In LANTERNS my proposal is to accomplish the above-mentioned goals through an elegant marriage between lanthanide (Ln) ions and chalcogenide ternary quantum dots (QDs), the latter acting as a host for the ions. These smartly-designed ONPs (Ln-QDs) will have a superior capability for minimally-invasive deep-tissue imaging, owing to an unprecedented brightness and fully near-infrared (NIR) operational capabilities. These features will endow the so-designed Ln-QDs with outstanding optical contrast and sub-tissue penetration depth. In perspective, the development of this system will deliver an all-optical diagnostic practice that will reduce patient risk, in terms of possible harm, and lessen the amount of radiation required to localize malignancies. These goals will be achieved concurrently with a considerable reduction of the imaging costs via the use of low-cost excitation sources and signal detection setups, also shortening the imaging times. The project is also expected to lead to the assessment of a widely applicable method to produce a virtually infinite number of Ln-QDs, whose optical properties could be finely tuned throughout the entire optical radiation spectrum. Beyond the main biomedical aim of this project, the expected progress will constitute a significant leap within the luminescent materials science field, with an appeal to a broad scientific community.

Mots clés : quantum dot, sulfide, lanthanide ion, nanoprobe, imaging

Participants :
- Autonomous University of Madrid (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 158121.6 €