Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet UnPAIN (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are typically used to reduce inflammation, pain, and fever. However, under UV light, NSAIDs can undergo photochemical reactions in wasterwater, generating toxic radicals that threaten aquatic life and human health. UnPAIN arises as a solution to both understand and avoid this social problem. Previous spectroscopic studies have yielded inconsistent results regarding the mechanism, hindering rational design. UnPAIN will provide time-resolved chemical information to answer some fundamental questions such as the difference in photostability, considering both structural and environmental factors, bringing together advanced quantum chemical methods and computational simulations in the excited state for some representative NSAIDs such as ketoprofen, tiaprofenic acid, suprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen. This challenge includes dealing with multiple electronic states, internal conversion, intersystem crossing, and accurately describing anionic systems and solvents. The knowledge gained from this research could lead to safer drug designs and more stable formulations. Simultaneously, UnPAIN is designed to establish a robust protocol for studying in a general way photodissociative processes, which will be extremely useful for the scientific community. The experienced researcher will share knowledge on non-covalent interactions, and reaction mechanisms to the host group, while acquiring expertise in emerging quantum chemical methods and time-resolved chemical phenomena. UnPAIN will equip the applicant with the foundation needed to pursue an independent career, fostering a unique and highly competitive research profile. Additionally, it will offer excellent training, an enhanced scientific network, and a comprehensive set of essential soft skills, including communication, management, dissemination, and public engagement.

Mots clés : ab initio excited state dynamics simulations, theoretical spectroscopy

Participants :
- Université de Vienne (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 214344.72 €
Projet BONETAG (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Ancient biomolecules have revolutionized our understanding of human evolution. Ancient proteins, in particular, preserve longer than DNA and have the potential to provide crucial insights into the evolution and demise of archaic hominins. The emerging field of palaeoproteomics, which studies ancient proteins, has mostly focused on the analyses of dental material and complete bones. However, smaller bone fragments that are morphologically uninformative—often the most common type of excavated fossil remains— remain an untapped source of important evolutionary information. BONETAG aims to utilize these fragments using recent technological advances and a unique fossil collection, and study the proteins preserved in the bones of our closest archaic relatives: Neanderthals and Denisovans. This will involve comprehensive proteomic sequencing of bones from archaic populations, some of which are linked to high-quality genetic data. BONETAG is the first project that compares ancient DNA and protein data from the same individuals in a comprehensive way. The project will initially focus on the extraction of bone proteins using a series of protocols to enhance protein recovery. This will be followed by the development of a computational method to differentiate the proteomic sequences of Neanderthals, Denisovans, and modern humans. Finally, the two workflows will be applied to a collection of hominin bone fragments that have previously failed DNA analyses but show positive signs of protein preservation. The results, as well as the workflows developed during BONETAG will be shared with the palaeoproteomic community. This will allow researchers in regions with poor DNA preservation to utilize proteins, and achieve reliable taxonomic identifications of morphologically uninformative bone fragments. By providing such broadly applicable tools and methodologies, BONETAG will significantly advance our understanding of Human Evolution and ensure that no fossil remains unexplored.

Mots clés : palaeoproteomics, palaeoanthropology, human evolution, phylogenetics, taxonomic identification

Participants :
- Université de Vienne (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 214344.72 €
Projet TIDE (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Mathematics
Statut du projet : TERMINATED

The turbulence of fluids and waves is one of the most important mechanisms that govern our environment, affecting air travel, prediction of ocean surface or weather forecasting. Even if simulations are used every day to predict turbulence, its accurate mathematical description is one of the biggest open problems in Mathematical Physics. On the other hand, dispersive PDEs are central objects in Mathematical Analysis and are among the most successful models for several physical phenomena. In this project I propose to advance in both theories, turbulence and dispersive PDEs, by studying their interaction. The project is divided in two Work Packages, each focused on one direction of such interaction:  WP1) To advance in the rigorous mathematical treatment of intermittency and multifractality, central concepts in turbulence. The approach proposed is to identify them in the Vortex Filament Equation, the 1D Schrödinger map on the sphere and the non-linear Schrödinger equation (NLS), well-established models connected through the Hasimoto transformation and directly related to fluid and wave turbulence respectively. This is a novelty with respect to previous works, which mainly focus on abstract, often isolated mathematical objects. WP2) To study the pointwise convergence problem to the initial datum, one of the most important problems in dispersive PDEs and Fourier Analysis, from a novel probabilistic approach coming from fluid and wave turbulence. This is motivated by recent progress in wave turbulence, which has put forth the value of probabilistic techniques.  To solve the problems, techniques from Fourier Analysis, PDEs and probability, complemented by number theory and geometry, will be required. For this I will have the support and training of two co-supervisors, experts in complementary areas in Harmonic Analysis and PDEs. Besides, the project will benefit from interdisciplinary collaboration with physician experts in turbulence.

Mots clés : turbulence, intermittency, multifractality, dispersive pdes, non linear schr dinger equation, vortex filaments, convergence problem for dispersive pdes

Participants :
- Institut de technologie du Massachusetts (Etats-Unis) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Basque Center for Applied Mathematics (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 165312.96 €
Projet DMateChoice (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Understanding the origins and mechanisms of biological diversity is a central aim of evolutionary ecology. Mating behaviours contribute to shaping diversity because of their importance in determining the genotypic composition of populations and the association among adaptive traits. Interestingly, recent work shows that disassortative mating – the tendency of dissimilar individuals to mate together – may stably maintain character diversity within populations. Examples include traits showing heterozygote advantage, like immunity genes. Yet, little is known about the behavioural and genetic basis of disassortative mating linked to traits under balancing selection. The proposed project will fill in this knowledge gap by utilizing the polymorphism in predator warning colour patterns in a butterfly as a model to study disassortative mating at a locus under heterozygote advantage. In particular, I will examine the role of male mating cues on female preference, test theoretical predictions of the evolution of disassortative mating, and assess if disassortative mating may be modulated by female’s experience. My results will provide novel mechanistic insights into this behaviour and improve our understanding of how interactions between behavioural, ecological, and genetic factors can shape diversity. This project will use a novel and multi-disciplinary approach that combines behavioural experiments, chemical analyses, and electrophysiology of mate cues with genetics to investigate the behavioural and genetic basis of disassortative mating unprecedented detail. I will acquire new skills and knowledge in evolutionary biology and genetics that complement my background in behaviour and cognition. In return, I will share my expertise in topics different from the research done at the host institution, which will certainly spark new research ideas and collaborations.

Mots clés : mate choice, disassortative mating, sexual selection, warning signal polymorphism, balancing selection

Participants :
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 211754.88 €
Projet UltraStabLaserViaSHB (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The UltraStabLaserViaSHB project seeks to catch the currently elusive grand prize of time and frequency metrology: a frequency source with a relative stability on the order of 10^-18 at 1 s. The desirability of this goal is borne of the near-future redefinition of the SI unit of time, the second. As optical atomic clocks surpass microwave-frequency atomic clocks in accuracy, the switch to an optical definition of the second drives the metrology field to strive to the fundamental performance limit of optical clocks, the quantum projection noise limit. Currently, optical clock performance is limited by frequency fluctuations of the optical-cavity-stabilized laser field which probes the atoms' optical transition. The optical lattice clocks located at SYRTE could reach their quantum projection limit if a probe laser with a sufficient frequency stability could be realized. The project proposed here seeks develop an ultra frequency stable laser at SYRTE to reach this performance via a paradigm shift in laser stabilization, away from optical cavity frequency references (which themselves approach their fundamental limit, Brownian noise) and toward a novel method: laser stabilization via spectroscopy of rare-earth ion doped crystals. This is achieved through a technique called Spectral Hole Burning (SHB) where a spectral pattern is imprinted on the crystal at cryogenic temperatures by a pre-stabilized laser (a spectral "hole" is "burnt"). A probe beam then interacts with this spectral hole and the resulting de-phasing of the probe beam provides the source for a control signal which allows us to actuate the probe laser, stabilizing it to the narrow line of the rare earth ion. Early results in this young technique are extremely promising and its limits are yet undiscovered. The result will impact not only time metrology, but all fields which rely on ultra-stabilized lasers such as gravitational-wave detection, fundamental constant measurements, and tests of general relativity.

Mots clés : laser frequency stabilization, spectral hole burning, frequency metrology, time metrology, spectroscopy

Participants :
- Observatoire de Paris (France) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 211754.88 €
Projet Border Contestations (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Existing literature on borders and border contestations in post-conflict societies is overwhelmingly written through the lens of the nation-state, state-failure, underdevelopment and security. This research analyses borders as complex social processes that are not only enacted through state policies and border policing, but also through perceptions, practices, identities and visions of border communities. It offers a historical ethnography about the multiple reorganisations of everyday life and forced migrations under the shifting borders and systems of rule in south Lebanese frontier villages. This research will provide a political context for the circumstances that created popular struggle against Western interventions around borders.  Contesting Colonial Borders will be carried out with an outgoing phase in Geneva, with a secondment of fieldwork in Lebanon and a return phase in Italy. Primary and secondary material and resources in each of these countries will enable writing a social history from the perspective of people who resided in this volatile and constantly changing border area. The research will comprise archival research in Geneva and Beirut, as well as oral history interviews with former residents of the south Lebanese border zone. Working with leading experts on topics such as war, displacement, migration, and borders in each of these countries, this project will form a transnational and interdisciplinary network on these issues. The main output of the project will be a monograph tentatively titled Spatial Contestation in Post-Conflict Situations: A Historical Ethnography of Border Communities in South Lebanon, which will be submitted to Cambridge Middle East Studies Series. Furthermore, two journal papers will be submitted on interlinked dynamics of spatial contestations, colonial history, the state, and society to the Journal of Middle East Studies, the International Journal of Migration and Border Studies, or Social Anthropology.

Mots clés : borders oral history displacement war occupation political movements

Participants :
- Institut de hautes études internationales et du développement (Suisse) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Université Ca' Foscari de Venise (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 399868.9 €
- Université américaine de Beyrouth (Liban) — Partner, associated partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet HydrO-17 (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2021)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Lakes provide an important water resource for agricultural and industrial purposes, and form a critical habitat for plants and animals. Understanding the hydrological functioning of lakes is fundamental to understand hydrological feedbacks related to changing environmental conditions in the context of current climate change and also of increasing importance for environmental policy. Stable isotope ratios of water (2H/1H, 18O/16O) are widely used in lake hydrology studies, providing information on the hydrological balance of lake systems. However, in cases where the system is under-defined, a full quantitative assessment of the lake’s hydrological balance is challenging. Recent investigations have demonstrated that the additional analysis of the rare oxygen-17 isotope can provide additional quantitative information about the hydrological and environmental conditions during lake evaporation. The HydrO-17 Project will explore the potential of the triple oxygen isotope analysis (18O, 17O, 16O), expressed as 17O-excess, for quantitative hydrological balancing of lakes by examining the seasonal isotope evolution of hydrologically different lake systems in the Andalusian lowlands, Southern Spain, where agricultural overexploitation of groundwater aquifers over the last decades led to a severe water deficit. Current climate change will further intensify these problems. The results of the project will contribute to the understanding of the hydrological functioning of lake systems in Andalusia, with implications for local water management strategies. The approach has potential application to lakes in other regions in the world. The outcomes will also help to improve the interpretation of paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental information obtained from paleo-lake sediment archives.

Mots clés : stable isotope geochemistry, triple oxygen isotopes, lake systems, evaporation

Participants :
- Université d'Almeria (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 165312.96 €
Projet FARE (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2023)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The project challenges the notion of a dramatic break in institutional practice following the Greek conquest of the eastern Mediterranean in the Hellenistic period (332–30 BCE) by reconstructing the genealogy of the Ptolemaic fiscal system in Egypt, the best documented Hellenistic state. Building on my previous research on Ptolemaic taxation, I will establish the extent to which these kings developed earlier fiscal practices, especially those in evidence under the Achaemenid rulers preceding them, both inherited and new. The main objective encompasses 3 work packages: the documentation produced by the respective regimes, the rationale of their fiscal systems, and the collectors and beneficiaries of the taxes. To this end, I will combine for the first time documentation written in Greek, Demotic, and Aramaic, and approaches divided over ancient history, Egyptology, and Semitic studies, resulting in the long-lasting collaborations required for exploring interconnections across the Mediterranean. A major aspect of the project is the creation of a pioneering database of Persian Egyptian fiscal texts. Training will focus on acquiring a working knowledge of Aramaic and the open science skills required for the highly collaborative research. The project will be hosted at the CNRS joint research unit ArScAn in Nanterre and supervised by Dr. Agut-Labordère, specialist of Achaemenid Egypt and director of Achemenet, the major platform for dissemination in Achaemenid studies. The Achaemenid expertise centered in Paris is the perfect complement to my background in Greek and Demotic papyrology. Learning Aramaic will moreover provide me with a uniquely broad perspective on later Egyptian history, leading to more groundbreaking research in the future. Communication measures will focus on the long history of fiscal systems and their impact on society, inviting greater reflection on our own democratic societies, a key EU priority, and will include stakeholders in contemporary Egypt.

Mots clés : papyrology, hellenistic egypt, achaemenid empire, fiscal systems, institutional change, social change, ancient economy, temple economy

Participants :
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 195914.88 €
Projet MORBID (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2024)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Fossil bonebeds are unique windows into ancient ecosystems and the biology of extinct vertebrate species. However, most existing datasets from bonebeds are collected in a qualitative manner and cannot differentiate efficiently between the various biological and geological processes responsible for bonebed formation. MORBID aims to solve this conundrum, by developing a cutting-edge geochemical toolkit focusing on determining the concentrations of rare earth elements within well-preserved bone and tooth material from Mesozoic bonebeds. This rapid in-situ workflow combines non-destructive micro-X-ray fluorescence element mapping with quantitative Laser Ablation ICP-MS profiling at a micrometer level spatial resolution. Bonebed material is selected based on varying geological age and palaeoenvironment and the presence of outstanding taphonomic and paleobiological questions. Once fossilized, bone and teeth retain a geochemical fingerprint of their early diagenetic conditions. This information will be used in MORBID to differentiate between a rapid burial or a reworked bone assemblage, to characterize the depositional environment, and to provenance fossils of unknown location and stratigraphy. In addition, innovative in-situ uranium-lead geochronology is applied on well-preserved bioapatite material to obtain minimum depositional ages of poorly age-constrained fossil strata. MORBID will be based at the Natural History Museum in London and will benefit from the ample experience in-house in dinosaur palaeontology and rare earth element applications, combined with the access to a world-class fossil reptile collection and state-of-the-art laser ablation ICP-MS facilities. This excellent working environment will lead to the development of an independent tool to disentangle post-mortem alteration effects versus potential behavioural components of fossil vertebrates in a critical period of their evolution.

Mots clés : palaeontology, taphonomy, geochemistry, bonebed, dinosaurs, bioapatite, fossil bone, fossil teeth, ree, u pb dating, la icp ms, xrf, mesozoic, triassic, jurassic, cretaceous

Participants :
- Natural History Museum (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Organismes publics (hors enseignement & recherche), subvention : 276187.92 €
Projet MOANA (Horizon Europe, appel à projets 2022)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The mesophotic coral ecosystems are described as warm water light-dependent corals and associated communities inhabiting depths from 30 m to over 150 m in tropical and subtropical regions. These ecosystems present high ecological relevance as they can act as potential re-seeding areas for shallow ecosystems, harbor endemic and rare species, and provide suitable habitats to support the populations of many species of fishes and crustaceans. MOANA will address the knowledge gaps in how these ecosystems respond to climate-related stressors in the remote South-Pacific oceanic islands and seamounts by providing maps of future refugia and vulnerable areas for a selection of ecologically and socio-economically relevant species. The innovative approach envisaged in MOANA, using global high-resolution Earth System Model outputs, combined with Species Distribution Models, will provide essential information to assist in the implementation of adaptation and mitigation policies in South Pacific areas through the potential creation of marine protection tools as Mobile Marine Protected Areas and/or Blue corridors. Moreover, MOANA methodology and tools could be easily applied to assist other ecosystem preservation in similar areas, such as the Small Island Developing States (e.g., Caribbean Islands, North Pacific Islands), large-scale systems from the North Pacific (Marquise Islands- American Samoa - Hawaii - Japan), middle scale systems from the Atlantic basin (Azores, Madeira, Canarias) and even smaller scale systems from the Mediterranean (Baleares, Corse, Sicily, Cerdenya, Malta). Two leading Research Centers will be involved in the project, the Host Institution, the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC, Spain), and the Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands, (ESMOI, Chile), a research center focused on biodiversity and local management of the southeast Pacific islands.

Mots clés : biogeography, species distribution, benthic ecology, mesophotic communities, climate change

Participants :
- Université polytechnique de Catalogne (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 181152.96 €