Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet HISHOUSHOCK (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Climbing the housing ladder is the most important way for households to accumulate wealth, but households differ significantly in their access to housing wealth and the housing returns they realize. The goal of this project is to investigate the long-term impact of shocks to housing values on the wealth of individuals and their neighborhoods. Measuring the impact of such shocks is difficult, because differences in housing wealth and housing values are typically closely related to economic trends and the individual choices of households, making it difficult to identify variation in housing wealth that is unrelated to the property or its owner. The limited availability of long-term data on the wealth of individuals further constrains the possibility to study long-term effects. The solution I take in this project is to go back into the past. I propose a set of three studies in the context of historical Amsterdam that exploit shocks to housing wealth to investigate their impact over the long run. The particular institutional setting of Amsterdam in the 18th and 20th centuries allows me to isolate changes in housing wealth or access to housing wealth that are unrelated to individuals or economic conditions, and whose effects can be traced using extensive recently-digitized archival records. The first study examines how the level of house prices when individuals enter their home-buying years affects their lifetime wealth accumulation. In the second study, I investigate how tax-driven losses and gains in housing wealth affect the income and wealth of individuals and their offspring. In the final study, I take the house as a unit of observation and investigate how shocks to property- and neighborhood-level housing returns affect long-term housing values. The proposed project will be hosted by the Erasmus School of Economics and Columbia Business School, making use of world-leading knowledge and training in real estate and financial history.

Mots clés : real estate, household finance, financial history, housing markets, wealth accumulation

Participants :
- Erasmus University Rotterdam (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 211735.68 €
- Columbia University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet MUCDIFF (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Clostridium difficile is a Gram-positive, anaerobic bacterium that relies on the disturbance of the normal gut microbiota to colonize the human intestinal tract and cause infection and disease. In the last decade new strains of C. difficile have emerged to cause outbreaks of increased disease severity and higher recurrence and mortality rates. C. difficile infection (CDI) is becoming refractory to the conventional antibiotic treatments and probiotic-based approaches are viewed as promising alternative therapies to effectively treat CDI. The development of such bacterial-based treatments requires the identification of the mechanisms by which the commensal members of the gut microbiota are able to eradicate C. difficile, as well as of the identity of the members of the gut microbiota that orchestrate those mechanisms. Since nutrient competition is an important mechanism by which the colonic microbiota suppresses the growth of many enteric pathogens, I focus here on competition for limited nutrient sources, such as the gut mucosal sugars N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and sialic acid, as a mechanism by which the members of the gut microbiota can eradicate C. difficile. I will investigate in detail the importance of GlcNAc catabolism, both alone and in combination with the catabolism of sialic acid, for C. difficile expansion in the gut. Furthermore, by combining stable isotope probing (SIP) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with high resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) I propose to identify commensal members of the gut microbiota that can efficiently catabolize these mucosal carbohydrates in vivo and to evaluate the ability of the identified organisms to outcompete C. difficile. Thus, this work will contribute to elucidate the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota prevents C. difficile colonization and to identify members of the gut microbiota that can be the basis for an effective, safe and standardized treatment to cure CDI.

Mots clés : clostridium difficile infection, gut microbiota, mucosal sugars, nutrient competition, stable isotope probing, nanosims

Participants :
- University of Vienna (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 166156.8 €
Projet CRISPR-GQ (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR associated proteins (Cas) have recently been at the forefront of genomic research due to their enormous potential at editing the genome with great precision and specificity. A world-wide effort is currently underway to test Cas proteins and their variants for applications geared towards genome editing for human cells. How CRISPR-Cas systems perform in editing sequences that form non-canonical DNA or RNA secondary structures or are in the vicinity of such structures is the problem we wish to pursue during the course of proposed studies. One such structure is the G-quadruplex (GQ), which has been demonstrated to form throughout the human genome, with particular concentration in telomeric sites, promoters, and 3’ and 5’ untranslated regions of RNA. The higher frequency of potentially GQ forming sequences (PQS) at such regulatory sites has suggested a potential role for these structures in transcription or translation level gene expression regulation. GQ formation has been demonstrated to inhibit gene expression for a number of different genes, including certain critical oncogenes. Inability to remove these structures is directly associated with several syndromes, including Bloom and Werner syndromes, and neurological disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Therefore, editing such sequences to prevent GQ formation also has therapeutic potential. We will design different single guide RNA constructs and target the GQ forming G-rich or the complementary C-rich strand to elucidate the capabilities and limitations of the CRISPR-Cas9 system in editing such structures using single molecule techniques and bulk assays. We will then investigate whether CRISPR-Cas9 can be used to regulate gene expression by targeting GQ structures in the promoter region of tyrosine hydroxylase and c-Myc genes in the presence and absence of GQ stabilizing small molecules.

Mots clés : crispr, cas9, g quadruplex, single molecule, fret, gene expression regulation

Participants :
- Delft University of Technology (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 88799.4 €
Projet FUCTURE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Clusterin (CLU) is a ubiquitous glycoprotein that function as an extracellular chaperone, binding to apoptotic cells and stressed-proteins and preventing the generation of insoluble aggregates. Although CLU is overexpressed in many type of cancers and associated with bad prognosis, the nature of this association remains obscure. It has been previously discovered an isoform of CLU present in seminal plasma that bears fucosylated glycans that confers the ability to bind to DC-SIGN; an endocytic C-type lectin receptor expressed on dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (MAC) that has been associated with immunosuppression. Our preliminary results showed spontaneous regression of tumors in CLU-/- mice after adoptive transfer in 2 models. We also observed that CLU present in breast cancer bears fucosylated glycans with the ability to bind to DC-SIGN. We hypothesize that tumor fucosylated CLU (Fuc-CLU) promotes immunosuppression by targeting tumor cell-associated antigens to DC-SIGN expressing DCs and MAC, promoting antigen presentation in a tolerogenic context. In this sense, Fuc-CLU could represent a new mechanism of tumor escape from immune response. The main objectives are: to analyse Fuc-CLU expression pattern and production by tumor and stromal cells; to address the role of Fuc-CLU in immune modulation and tumor cell-associated antigen presentation; and to study the effect of Fuc-CLU on tumor development in an in-vivo model. The expertise of Dr. Amigorena and Institute Curie represent a major competitive advantage for the project. The results are expected to be published in peer-reviewed journals of high impact (with Open Access whenever possible), communicated in scientific meetings and to society at large. Expected results and deliverables will enhance the knowledge base and excellence of the European Scientific Community in the field anti-tumor immunity. This experience will be a key step for my scientific development to reach an independent position.

Mots clés : anti tumor immunity, immunosupression, antigen presentation, glycosylation

Participants :
- Institut Curie (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 173076.0 €
Projet CoCirculation2 (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Cofund Postdoctoral programme
Statut du projet : SIGNED

CoCirculation2 is a 5-year project aiming to invite experienced researchers to both academic and non-academic research performing organizations located in Turkey. Within this context, 100 experienced researchers of any nationality who wish to engage in incoming mobility and to spend a period of 24 months in Turkey will be able to apply for a fellowship. 4 calls for proposals will be published. The program will have a bottom-up approach. The evaluation and selection procedures as well as recruitment procedures are in line with the conditions in the European Charter and Code. CoCirculation2 is the follow up project of the “Co-funded Brain Circulation Scheme (Co-Circulation)”, which has been funded under the FP7-PEOPLE-2011-COFUND call. Compared to the current Co-Circulation program, Co-Circulation2 will bring the evaluation and selection process closer to recommendations in the Charter and Code, allow for secondments, improve the training offer for fellows and improve the financial and social conditions of the fellowships. CoCirculation2 offers transnational mobility, career development and personal training opportunities to the researchers. In line with the European Commission objectives, the project will contribute to the potential and future career perspectives of researchers in academy and industry while enhancing their international networking and interdisciplinary skills. CoCirculation2 will create a new cohort of Experienced Researchers who have acquired relevant scientific and transferable skills during their research project and other activities during their fellowship. These skills will prepare them for the next steps in their professional career, either in academia or in non-academia, and either in Turkey or beyond. Turkish and European Research Area as a whole will benefit from the contribution of the CoCirculation2 fellows to the research landscape. TÜBİTAK will contribute 55% of the total budget while European Commission is requested to co-fund 45%.

Mots clés : transnational mobility, integration to era, career development, refugee industry panel, incoming researchers  training, bottom up approach, intersectoral secondment, scientific skill, brain circulation

Participants :
- Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (Turquie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 6195000.0 €
Projet CoSolCat (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

CoSolCat is based on a new surfactant-free colloidal synthesis of precious metal nanoparticles developed and patented by the experienced researcher Dr J. Quinson. The technology has attracted interest from industries and a start-up has been created, yet is in its very early stages. Further research is required to fully seize and position the technology as a new state–of –the –art method to produce precious metal nanocatalysts. The objectives of CoSolCat are to study in detail and develop further surfactant-free syntheses of precious metal-based nanoparticles to be used as catalysts with enhanced performances for the production of valuable chemicals and energy applications. By combining world-leading expertise from the University of Copenhagen (Assistant-Professor Maria Escudero Escribano), Stanford (Assistant Professor Matteo Cargnello), a start-up and his own experience, Dr J. Quinson will produce, study, characterise, compare and so benchmark nanocatalysts obtained by the technology he patented, new routes to-be-developed in the project, and state-of-the art methods. This will provide a deeper understanding of the production and properties of precious metal catalysts while the new technology will be more controlled and optimised to a degree relevant for industry. E.g. bi-metallic nanoparticles comprising a non-precious metal will be developed for the first time with new surfactant-free approaches and studied for model hydrogenation reactions. This research will lead to sustainable and affordable catalysts with improved selectivity. The expertise gained by the applicant will (1) help to mature the technology, (2) develop a new pool of competences in heterogeneous catalysis in Europe, (3) provide expertise in industrially relevant production of catalysts suitable for a range of chemical productions and energy conversion reactions. The proposal is then directly relevant to provide world leading expertise in Europe for a green and more sustainable economy.

Mots clés : precious metal, nanoparticles, surfactant free, chemical production, heterogeneous catalysis, electrocatalysis, bimetallic, platinum, start up

Participants :
- Stanford University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of Copenhagen (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 268921.92 €
Projet CHES (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Coastal cities face an increasing threat from storms due to the growing coastal populations and the intensifying storms under global warming. Coastal ecosystems can significantly reduce catastrophic damage from storms; however, existing risk assessments for coastal cities either do not include this crucial factor or do not consider future ecosystem changes. The proposed project, Resilience of Coastal Human-Environment Systems, CHES, will provide a holistic view of coastal environment resilience against storms under climate change by accounting for both the human and ecosystem elements. This work will quantify the protective effect of coastal ecosystems, forecast the future ecosystem conditions, and estimate the resilience of the coupled human-environment systems under different coastal urban development and climate scenarios. This project will greatly advance our understanding of the vulnerability of coastal human-environment systems to storms and the value of coastal ecosystems in storm protection, contributing to the development of sustainable coastal management plans coping with climate change.

Mots clés : storms, coastal city, coastal ecosystem, climate change

Participants :
- University of Oxford (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet WACO (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Coastal oceans are essential to our societies but their health status is degrading rapidly in many parts of the world. Anticipating or remedying environmental evolutions/degradations, including those resulting from global changes, is particularly difficult. This is largely because the knowledge and information we currently have on the ocean functioning do not encompass scales finer than a few tens of kilometers, which is notably insufficient close to shores. WACO will clarify the role of fine-scale processes (turbulent and wave processes with scales < 10 km) in the present-day functioning and future evolutions of the West African coastal dynamics and biogeochemistry. To do so, it will take advantage of a new generation of ocean models that is truly apt to simulate coastal dynamics/biogeochemistry/ecosystems in a fully integrated and multi-scale manner. Precisely, the project will be focused on the senegalese and mauritanian coastal oceans from which state-of-the-art ocean observations are available to complement and evaluate the modelling effort, a robust and interdisciplinary collaborative framework, and unmatched opportunities for social benefits of the research. The project relies on a massively parallel computing plan that will serve as a demanding training ground for the applicant. Overall WACO will contribute to a deeper understanding of climate change, which is a key goal of EU research.

Mots clés : eastern boundary upwelling system, submesoscale turbulence, internal waves, physical biogeochemical coupling

Participants :
- Sorbonne Université (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 173076.0 €
Projet MUSICIAN (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Cochlear implants (CIs) have been tremendously successful in restoring speech communication for deaf people. However, the enjoyment of music through CIs is still quite limited. The objective of the proposed project "MUSIc processing for Cochlear Implants based on Auditory and Neural modelling" (MUSICIAN) is to extract and transmit the most prominent features of music (rhythm, pitch, timbre) such that the listening effort of CI users is reduced and their music appreciation is improved. To this end, we propose to perform fundamental research into measuring and modelling the CI user's music perception and to develop improved processing methods capable of simplifying music signals to their most essential aspects. The project thus addresses the information bottleneck composed of the electrode array and its interface with the auditory nerve and will be help to reduce the perceived distortions of music in CI listeners. Within the proposed programme, two labs with extensive experience in signal processing and audiology, the Institute of Communication Acoustics at Ruhr-Universität Bochum, (beneficiary residing in Bochum, Germany) and the Auditory Engineering Laboratory at McMaster University (partner organisation residing in Hamilton, Canada) will host the experienced researcher Dr. Anil Nagathil who is a pioneer in the development of music processing methods for CIs. The proposed interdisciplinary project will enable Dr. Nagathil to acquire knowledge from several scientific domains and to integrate this expertise into the methods of auditory modelling and music processing. The outcome of this project has substantial commercial impact and the potential to improve the quality of life of hundreds of thousand CI users worldwide.

Mots clés : cochlear implants, music processing, hearing science

Participants :
- McMaster University (Canada) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Ruhr University Bochum (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 243352.8 €
Projet LIGHTCAP (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Doctoral Networks
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Cognition, Attention and Perception (CAP) are crucial for professional success, core to educational success, essential to productive, safe and healthy functioning. Yet cognition is hard work, attention is fragile, and perception is selective. Recent research has shown that light directly and indirectly helps CAP, in particular via the activation of a recently discovered photoreceptor in the human eye. Light triggers this photoreceptor, but large-scale migration to cities, increased time spent indoors, and our 24-hour economy have impacted on our light exposure. Disturbance of sleep/wake cycles, fatigue and cognitive failure, mood disorders and even cancer pathologies may be the consequences of ignoring findings on human light processing. The urgent message is that light can make or break health, social and cognitive functioning. Given the rapid technological developments in light sources (LED, OLED) and the proliferation of intelligent infrastructures (IOT, data science), we are in a crucial period for the realization of truly human-centered lighting. LIGHTCAP aims to address this challenge by providing a strong, innovative and necessary impulse to our insight in the intricate and complex relationship between light, perception, attention and cognition. The goal of LIGHTCAP is to prepare the next generation of experts able to deliver on the promise of truly intelligent, human-centric lighting. We promise an international, interdisciplinary, cross-sectional and translational training program. It unites experts from neurobiology, cognitive neuroscience, chronobiology, psychology and lighting technology. It will train a generation of researchers who can look beyond the borders of their discipline and understand the implications of their findings for other fields.

Mots clés : neuroscience, circadian rhythms, lighting, light design, architecture, daylight, non image forming pathway

Participants :
- Technische Universität Berlin (Allemagne) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 252788.4 €
- University of Liège (Belgique) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 512640.0 €
- Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology (Suisse) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 562553.28 €
- University of Basel (Suisse) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 562553.28 €
- University of Manchester (Royaume-Uni) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 606345.12 €
- Eindhoven University of Technology (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 1062479.52 €
- University of Sheffield (Royaume-Uni) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 606345.12 €