Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet StringFrob (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Mathematics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The ultimate goal of this action is to establish that chain-level string topology is not a homotopy invariant. This is achieved by showing that chain-level string topological structures are induced by a homotopy Frobenius structure on the cochain algebra and by connecting the homotopy Frobenius structure with known invariants from quantum field theory. This is broken down into four independent work packages. The first goal is to show that from a Chern-Simons type partition function one can construct a homotopy Frobenius algebra and show that this is essentially an equivalence between the relevant deformation spaces. The second goal is to algebraically construct string topology operations on the Hochschild homology of a homotopy Frobenius algebra. The third goal compares the induced structure on the cyclic homology with the known homotopy involutive Lie bialgebra structure. And ultimately, the fourth goal is to compare the algebraically constructed operations with geometric ones on the loop space under the comparison map given by Chen's iterated integrals.

Mots clés : string topology, frobenius algebras, configuration space integrals, calabi yau structures, lie bialgebras

Participants :
- University of Copenhagen (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 207312.0 €
Projet BIOSENSIZE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : TERMINATED

The ultimate goal of this proposal is the development of photonic films with the capability to respond optically in the presence of a targeted biomolecule not only because it binds to a specific chemical function, but also because of its size. It lies in the common ground of biologists, physicists, chemists and technologists. In particular, the BIOSENSIZE project will explore paradigmatic examples in the field of biomolecule detection through functionalization, adding size as a new parameter to achieve improved selection. The opportunity of this proposal is related to the remarkable results and the strong background of the applicant in functionalization of porous structures and optical detection of a variety of molecular compounds, which will be synergistically combined with the expertise in porous mesostructured responsive photonic structures of the host group. This project aims to develop a new paradigm in sensing, introducing the concept of functionalized photonic biomolecular sieves. Results attained within this project will provide significant advance in the development of versatile high performance coatings for sensors, since the porous structures proposed are adaptable to a wide variety of substrates. Through this project, the candidate will strengthen his position as an independent researcher with a unique combination of skills, ranging from synthetic and functionalization chemistry to advanced optical characterization of photonic materials for sensing.

Mots clés : mesostructured films, photonic materials, size selectivity, functionalization, sensing, biomolecular sieves

Participants :
- Spanish National Research Council (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 158121.6 €
Projet FORAGEKID (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The understanding of human brain development is a crucial challenge in today’s society. It is fundamental to determine appropriate political and social policies in Education and Health for the future of our society: our children. Specifically, we need to be able to measure and understand how basic cognitive processes, such as the Executive Function (EF), operates in children. Basic research in visual foraging tasks has revealed essential knowledge about EF in adults, but it has never been applied in children. In the present project, I will apply for the first time in psychological science an innovative and multidisciplinary, theoretically-based paradigm to understand and measure EF in children: foraging. The research is based on theoretical models, behavioral data, eye-movement recordings and neuroimaging (fMRI). At my TC host, Wolfe’s Lab (Harvard), we will create new child-friendly, videogame-based foraging tasks, and I will be trained in foraging and eye-movement data analyses. With my Host at UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID, in Fernando Maestú’s Lab, we will assess the new tasks to determine their validity and applications to train EF in children by means of behavioral and neuro-functional measures using fMRI. My aim is to advance the theoretical knowledge about EF processes in children, and improve cognitive assessment products. Commercialization of the newly developed tests will be exploited together with the industrial partner, Cambridge Cognition, a company producing cognitive assessment tools. I will be trained in the different steps of preparing a business plan to transfer our product to society. The outcome will be significant for the development of technology, products, and strategies to meet the needs of the youngest members of our population.

Mots clés : experimental psychology, visual search, executive functions, foraging, children, eye movements, fmri

Participants :
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 257191.2 €
- Harvard University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of Cambridge (Royaume-Uni) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet QTReproART (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The use and regulation of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs) has undergone repeated significant changes since the 1980s, partly to accommodate biotechnological developments, partly to recognize shifts in socio-cultural practices of kinship and family. These changes have generally been towards greater inclusivity but have been variedly legislated and implemented in the diverse European countries, leading to ‘reproductive migration’. As the numbers of ART users and clinics rise, there is a clear need to provide a common European framework for ART: this is the purpose of this project. One social group particularly affected by ART policies are queer and transgender people. Most research on their use of ART is performed in English-speaking, western European countries, much less in central European ones and virtually none in east European countries - this project will fill that gap. However, eastern Europeans and their clinics play a major role in European ART use through ‘fertility tourism’ and the provision of biomaterials (eggs, sperm, etc.). This 3-stage comparative project will examine the regulation of ART and the experiences of self-identified queer and transgender people with ART in 6 purposely selected European countries: Austria, Estonia, Poland, Sweden, Spain and the UK, in order to draft a more inclusive common European framework for ART. To do so, the ER will work at the Centre for Gender Research (CGR) at Uppsala University, Sweden, analyzing diverse national European ART guidelines and frameworks, collecting original empirical data on queer and transgender people’s experiences of ART, and drafting the framework. Purposive sampling and innovative methods such as community feedback loops will help to create outcomes that impact not only ART research, but importantly on ART policies and legislations, on LGBTQI rights and ART, on LGBTQI people and their families, and on strengthening the EU as a union with common frameworks.

Mots clés : queer theory, transgender studies, lgbtiq, assisted reproductive technologies, europe, intersectionality

Participants :
- Uppsala University (Suède) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 185857.2 €
Projet TRANSNATIONALaw (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The use of multiple legal practices based on diverse normative perceptions increasingly challenges the monopoly of state law. In Europe, this issue has become especially visible in the ongoing discussions about sharia courts. However, there is only limited research about the practical implications of non-state legal orders, particularly in relation to their effects on women’s rights and gender relations. The proposed research aims to start filling this gap by investigating the non-state justice systems operating in Berlin, the city with the largest Kurdish population in Europe, and Diyarbakir, the largest Kurdish-dominated city in Turkey. An evidence-based foundation is needed if the legal order and conceptualizations of citizenship are to be fit for increasingly diverse societies. In-depth interviews and participant observation will be used to investigate when, why and how Kurdish communities in Diyarbakır and Berlin choose alternative dispute resolution over the official court procedures provided by the state. There will be a special focus on family cases to examine how gender norms and relations are affected by the use of non-state judicial processes. A historical perspective on the Diyarbakir-based ‘unofficial’ legal order will explore the non-European and non-religious roots of unofficial dispute resolution practices used within Europe. The transnational perspective will also enable an investigation of the mutual influences across non-state and state legal orders in Europe and the Middle East. This interdisciplinary project aims to fill a significant gap in the relevant socio-legal, gender, migration, political academic studies and policy debates within the European Research Area. This proposed project will be hosted by SOAS University of London (Beneficiary) in partnership with Syracuse University (SU) (Partner Organization in TC), New York. There will be additional mobility to the the Max Planck Institute (MPI) for Social Anthropology.


Participants :
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 251857.8 €
- Syracuse University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet SANDFECH (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The use of novel steel sandwich panels in ship decks instead of conventional stiffened plates offers more economical and energy-efficient designs through material, space and fuel savings. To analyse the global structural response of a large ship within computational limits, the sandwich panels need to be modeled in an averaged (homogenized) sense without accounting for every small detail. Motivated by this, my objective is to develop simplified theoretical and computational micromechanics-based beam and plate models for sandwich panels that have unidirectional structural cores and flexible joints. The key theoretical modeling idea is to consider periodic panels as discrete lattices which are replaced by energetically equivalent, linear micropolar continuum beam and plate models. Subsequently, finite element models for the substitute-continuum beams and plates are formulated. Contrary to existing methods, the proposed approach includes all the necessary features. First, it fully accounts for flexible (e.g. laser-welded) joints of the panels. Second, the determination of all model parameters is straightforward. Third, the derived models can be easily implemented later in various readily available finite element software. In addition to shipbuilding, structural core sandwich panels have applications in bridge engineering and residential buildings. The micromechanical aspect of this project is expected to provide new understanding of interdisciplinary issues in higher-order continuum theories. Such theories form a central topic in my host’s, Prof. J.N. Reddy’s research group at Texas A&M University in addition to beam and plate theories and finite elements. The results of this project are disseminated in workshops to shipbuilders at Meyer Turku shipyard (Finland) and to bridge researchers at Chalmers University of Technology (Sweden) during the return phase in the Advanced Marine Structures research group at Aalto University, Finland.

Mots clés : beam and plate theories, continuum mechanics, finite element modeling, marine structures, sandwich structures, lightweight construction, micromechanics, micropolar, energy methods

Participants :
- Aalto University (Finlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 249793.2 €
- Texas A&M University System (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet VHDD (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The van der Waals heterostructure has been a central focus of materials research and nanotechnology for a decade. It is because this heterostructure can provide device platform highly flexible for materials combination. Thanks to those advantages, this heterostructure system is highlighted for potential application for flexible and low-power consumption electronics. In this research proposal, we will propose new device architecture using novel 2D physics under an electric field. Because of its low-dimensional nature and transparency of electric field, the band structure at the heterostructure can be remarkably modulated. Our objective is to design new device architecture using this phenomenon. To achieve it, we will find out best heterostructure using high-throughput calculations and will design the device architecture. Then, we will simulate the device characteristics using DFT-NEGF method and validate it experimentally. This approach is pioneering for coming up with new device architecture, which will open a new direction beyond the state-of-the-art. Thanks to its novelty, it is expected to have a high impact in the fields of physics, materials science, and nanoelectronics. Through this research project, the applicant will obtain valuable opportunity for career development and will promote interdisciplinary nature of this research field.

Mots clés : density functional theory, high throughput screening, negf device simulation, experimental validation

Participants :
- Trinity College Dublin (Irlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 187866.0 €
Projet MaxPersist (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The vast richness of plant and animal species worldwide represents also a tremendous diversity of life histories (i.e. key moments along a species’ life cycle, such as age at maturity or death). These extant life histories have been optimised through evolutionary time by environmental filtering operating on genetic differences among individuals and species. However, anthropogenic environmental changes (e.g. climate change, habitat degradation) may push plant and animal species out of their evolved life-history opima. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand and predict how environmental stochasticity (increased amplitude and fluctuation) may affect life histories and their cascading effects on global biodiversity. This is the overarching goal of MaxPersist, where I will develop new theoretical advances to thoroughly understand how life-history strategies may respond to climatic variation, and use these advancements, alongside high-resolution, global data, to forecast how natural populations of hundreds of animal and plant species may persist in the face of increasing environmental perturbations worldwide. I have developed a network of world-leading scientists to contribute to the development of theoretic advances including assimilation of density-dependence, small noise assumptions, and adaptation of second-derivative of population growth rate to stochastic environments. MaxPersist will offer a comprehensive and innovative tool kit to enable realistic and effective conservation plans, useful especially for endangered species (contributing to UN Sustainable Development Goal #15), the 5th Target of the EU Biodiversity Strategy, to sustainable exploitation of harvested species and to the IUCN Red list. The deliverables of MaxPersist will be of great interest and use to the scientific community and to the public, raising the awareness of the consequences that climate change may have on natural populations and generating knowledge to protect biodiversity.

Mots clés : climate change, correlation, demographic strategy, elasticity, matrix population models, plant and, animal demography, second derivative, sensitivity, stochastic, trade off, variation, vital rate

Participants :
- University of Oxford (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 224933.76 €
Projet ISOPATH (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

ISOPATH’s main aim is to unlock patterns of mobility – an essential socio-economic strategy – in non-literary societies of Europe. This study will cover a well-defined and surveyed area – the region of Kuyavia, a typical postglacial landscape of the North European Plain. To explore assumed evolutionary changes a long-time perspective is proposed, comprising ~2500 years from Middle Neolithic to Middle Bronze Age (ca. 3700–1200 cal. BC). The main scientific tool selected for the project is strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotope analysis of human and cattle tooth enamel, using both TIMS and LA-MC-ICP-MS techniques, and sequential oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) stable isotope analysis of cattle tooth enamel. They will be applied to samples of human and animal remains from one of the most densely inhabited and best investigated regions in European prehistory. The specific aims of the project are: (1) reconstruction of cattle herding strategies in lowland areas; (2) understanding human’s journeys, residential mobility and individual life histories. ISOPTAH will address the questions of mobility and migration, fundamental problems of the modern world, to some of the earliest generations of Europeans, following the policy European Year of Cultural Heritage (2018). It will also contribute to the development of the European Research Area (ERA) by enhancing the cooperation and knowledge exchange between the Partner Organisation. A comprehensive training-through-research embedded in this proposal aims at significant enhancing of applicant’s career prospects.

Mots clés : archaeology, neolithic, bronze age, north european plain, poland, stable isotopes, isotope geochemistry, radiocarbon dating, humans, animals, mobility, subsistence strategies

Participants :
- University of Bristol (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet ITEM (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

ITEM is a diachronic and multi-regional reassessment of mechanisms at work in the development of imitations and productions inspired by Cypriot pottery in the Eastern Mediterranean during the Second Millennium BC. The project questions when imitations developed, why they were elaborated, who made them, what their functions were and how foreign motifs and know-how were adopted in the local traditions of the studied areas. ITEM also evaluates how the imitation process is linked to the development of trading connections between Cyprus, the Aegean, Anatolia, the Levant and Egypt and assesses their progressive evolution into cultural exchanges during the Middle and Late Bronze Ages. To bring new perspectives on these issues, the project breaks down disciplinary barriers and combines the application of anthropological and sociological theories with a technological study of the archaeological material by using analytical tools developed in Digital Humanities. The host institution, UPN – UMR ArScAn, will provide training in GIS mapping and RTI photography, which will offer new skills for the analysis of raw materials and relevant chaînes opératoires, and add concrete evidence to support ITEM’s conclusions. Research collaborations with top-rank scholars and international museum institutions will further expand my skillset, build my professional network and refine my ability to transmit results to a broad audience. ITEM explores the boundaries between exchanges of goods and ideas and the processes by which both aspects are interconnected. The limited dataset ensures the feasibility of the project, while the holistic approach makes its outcomes relevant to a wide academic community. The addressed questions and methodology can be utilised in other research fields, regions and periods. Ultimately, ITEM challenges how modern scholarship defines the concept of imitation and measures cultural interactions, a problematic which is relevant far beyond the scope of this project.

Mots clés : bronze age, eastern mediterranean, pottery, imitation, trade, cyprus, levant, egypt

Participants :
- Université Paris Nanterre (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 196707.84 €
Projet BOOMSTIM (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Imagine losing the motivation to do the job that you used to enjoy. The idea of doing those tasks overwhelms you. You cannot push yourself to give the best efforts and end up doing the bare minimum. What are the brain processes that cause such depleted motivation and how can we restore the motivation to put in effort in order to achieve goals? To address these questions, I propose a series of studies to gain a theoretical and practical understanding of the causal relationship between brain computations of effort and the motivation to energise behavior to achieve goals. Specifically I plan to conduct, for the first time, a combined brain stimulation-functional neuroimaging (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-TMS; functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging-fMRI) experiment to perturb brain regions whose activity represents the amount of effort costs, and measure its impact on neural value computations in a remote but interconnected brain region known to drive choice behavior. This change in causal interplay in the brain should have a quantifiable impact on the motivation to expend effort. I will then use this theoretical knowledge to design a large-scale application of an inexpensive brain stimulation method (Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation-tDCS) to increase motivation, thus establishing a realistic and versatile protocol for restoring motivation in rehabilitative settings. In sum, my research will address the overarching question of how motivation can be enhanced with neuroscience techniques, by combining computational and neuroimaging advances in effort discounting with causal brain stimulation methods. This project will allow me to be trained in the two most common brain stimulation techniques at a pioneering lab in Europe, and forge a new collaborative research line at the Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research at the University of Zurich.

Mots clés : effort discounting, subjective value, fatigue, apathy, incentive, reward, tdcs, fmri

Participants :
- University of Zurich (Suisse) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 175419.6 €