Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet FHNR (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

How did scholars get forgotten between the early 18th and the 20th century? To solve this question, the references to four humanities scholars (Dutch, English, French, and German) who worked on related fields, occupied similar posts, died in the first half of the 18th century and are little known today are to be tracked and compared by using historical network analysis (HNR) based on the tool NodeGoat. The sample of scholars is composed of Adrien Reland (1676-1718), Professor of Oriental Languages and Biblical Antiquities at Utrecht University; Johannes Braun (1628-1702), Professor of Theology at Groningen University; Thomas Gale (1636-1702), Professor of Greek at Cambridge University; and Eusebè Renaudot (1646-1720), Member of the Academie Française and the Academie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. References to them from an academic background are to be tracking during their lifetime as well as posthumously and to be entered in a structured NodeGoat database for HNR analysis. These references include quotations and citations as well as being explicitly mentioned in letters and in print, where print encompasses both journals and books. They are to be collected by search within digitized corpora as well as in library holdings and archival materials. The HNR analysis will then reveal patterns of reference and point to clusters where specific in-depth archival researches have to be carried out.

Mots clés : historical network research

Participants :
- Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 88799.4 €
Projet CARING (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

How do changes in early family formation trajectories reflect on later intergenerational relations and care support across generations? Early life choices in the process of family formation reflect in the availability of later potential for care giving, or demands for it. CARING investigates the contribution of early family formation trajectories on explaining differences in intergenerational relations and support patterns later in life. Country differences in the demography of family-linked life stages, and how these reflect on caring responsibilities, have remained largely unexplored. But the timing of family formation and dissolution, childbirth and grand-parenting are key transitions with bearing on entitlements and obligations to inter-household (reciprocal) solidarity and support. To address these issues CARING will explore the effects of family diversification (childlessness, union dissolution and fertility postponement) on intergenerational relations and support in 5 selected countries: Italy, Germany, France, Denmark and Czech Republic. Sequence analysis on data from SHARE surveys will compare family trajectories (partnerships and fertility over 34 years, at ages 16-49) for individuals from the birth cohorts 1927-56. Family formation trajectories will contribute to the study of: current patterns of relations, upward support and downward support through hierarchical multinomial logit models. Results will be validated on fertility trajectories for larger sample sizes and younger birth cohorts (1957-64). The project will adopt a comparative multi-generational perspective with a focus on three generations, helping shed light on the ‘caring potential’ for the new generations, experiencing longer and thinner (beanpole) families and increasing rates of childlessness. CARING is relevant for the Pillar of Social Rights in the Work Programme and responds to the Europe 2020 strategy objective of an inclusive growth in face of progressive aging in European societies.

Mots clés : intergenerational relations, demographics, care, sequence analysis, family formation, aging, fertility

Participants :
- Leibniz Association (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 171460.8 €
Projet RoleOfNEinPerception (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

How do external events become part of our subjective reality? Correlative evidence suggests that the locus coeruleus-noradrenaline (LC-NE) system might play a key role in this process: LC-NE activity is markedly reduced in sleep and anesthesia and reinstated upon recovery of conscious perception, while during wakefulness it correlates with markers of conscious perception. However causal evidence, as well as sensitive experimental paradigms that carefully manipulate awareness in this context, are absent. This proposal aims at providing this missing causal link by pharmacologically manipulating NE levels bi-directionally in healthy volunteers performing liminal visual and auditory perceptual tasks, while reporting their subjective perceptual state. Neural signals will be recorded using simultaneous EEG-fMRI allowing high spatio-temporal resolution. If indeed NE plays a causal role in enabling conscious perception then reduced NE activity will increase perceptual threshold and give rise to impoverished neural responses, whereas enhanced NE activity will aid perceptual incorporation and effectively drive neuronal activity in high-order cortical regions. In a complementary set of experiments I will use a rare opportunity to record single-neuron and LFP activity from neurosurgical patients performing the same perceptual tasks while using pupillometry as a proxy for momentary NE levels. The exceptional signal-to-noise ratio of these recordings will allow linking precisely localized neuronal activity, momentary NE levels, and perception on a trial-by-trial basis, thereby refining and extending the EEG-fMRI results. The ability to manipulate and measure NE levels in subjects reporting their subjective state in sensitive perceptual paradigms, together with comprehensively examining neuronal activity from the level of individual neurons to the whole brain, promise to yield unique results that will shed new light on the neurobiological underpinnings of conscious perception.

Mots clés : noradrenaline, norepinephrine, sleep, conscious perception, sensory disconnection, visual awareness, auditory awareness, pharmacology, fmri, intracranial recordings

Participants :
- Tel Aviv University (Israël) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 182509.2 €
Projet PEEK (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

How do teachers rely on their educational knowledge in order to teach? An experienced teacher knows how to manage even challenging classroom situations, and performs skilfully because educational knowledge corresponds with knowing, a practical mode of knowledge that enables comprehension of a situation and affiliated situated action. Research to date predominantly attends to educational knowledge by addressing singular elements of teaching. The project PEEK addresses educational knowledge in empirical analysis from an ethnographic micro-level perspective and attends to personal orientation patterns of teachers that support transfer between educational knowledge and teaching. PEEK examines orientation patterns in which teachers frame their practice. Examination is informed by two conceptual frameworks: (1) Post-critical epistemology highlights that knowledge is used in distance to teaching to comprehend events, while knowing is used when a teacher is involved in teaching and manages these events. (2) Post-structuralist epistemology highlights transformations of knowing and knowledge that take place in technologies of the self. Both perspectives enable theoretical sensitivity for fieldwork. Ethnographic fieldwork incorporates a multi-sited approach: (1) Videographies of classroom interaction document knowing in classroom interaction. (2) Narrative interviews with teachers document reflective knowledge in which teachers condense and detail lived experiences. (3) Stimulated recalls offer ex post rationalisation of actions. (4) Video diaries provide stories of formation that reflect technologies of the self. Data analysis employs Documentary Method strategies and will result in an account on dimensions and characteristics of personal educational knowledge and how it is mobilised and transformed for teaching. This account contributes a grounded analysis to studies of personal educational knowledge, and provides the means to empower professional development of teachers.

Mots clés : personal knowledge, educational knowledge, knowledge mobilisation, knowledge transformation, ethnography and education

Participants :
- University of Copenhagen (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 200194.8 €
Projet DEEPCEPTION (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

How do we recognize what we see? Despite the deceptive ease of perceiving things, explaining how we see turns out to be a supremely difficult task. Only recently advances in computer vision finally brought a class of models, known as deep neural nets, that are capable of matching human performance in several visual perception tasks. In this project, we aim to employ the knowledge how human visual system processes visual information in order to critically evaluate and improve the existing models of vision. Our aim is twofold. On the one hand, little is known yet how well deep nets can account for a huge variety of tasks that human visual system faces daily. We will perform a broad battery of tests in order to shed light on the power of deep nets and to spot potential limitations. Capitalizing on these shortcomings, in the second part of this project we aim to improve the existing technology by introducing novel algorithms based on behavioral and neural data of humans. Taken together, this project will lay a solid foundation for the psychologically- and biologically-based development of the next generation of deep nets.

Mots clés : deep learning, neural networks, rapid visual perception, image segmentation

Participants :
- KU Leuven (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 258530.4 €
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet StressOME (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

How do you study a disease with no known cause? Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease. Patients typically die 3-5 years after symptom onset. There is no cure. Finding a cure is hindered by the lack of obvious causes: although 10% of patients show familial inheritance (fALS), 90% of patients exhibit a sporadic form of ALS with no known cause (sporadic ALS, sALS). Almost all ALS patients demonstrate intracellular inclusions of the RNA binding protein TDP-43. However, it is not clear what process allows TDP-43 to aggregate, especially in sALS. This will be the focus of the proposed StressOME project. TDP-43, and other ALS-associated proteins are recruited into stress granules, transient structures that form in response to cellular stresses. Stress granules are thought to constitute a microenvironment with a high local concentration of TDP-43, sufficient to allow its aggregation; however this is prevented in healthy neurons. Therefore, the composition of stress granules may be crucial in the pathogenesis of ALS. To determine whether the dynamics of stress granule assembly and disassembly are different in patient cells, I will derive skin cells from fALS and sALS cases and compare them to age-matched controls. In parallel, I will use a new technique called ‘biotinylation by antibody recognition’ to define the stress granule proteome in sALS and fALS patient cells for the first time. This will allow me to identify candidate genes that modulate stress granule dynamics. I will generate stress granule reporter lines and misexpress candidate proteins, using live cell imaging to determine their effect on the dynamics of stress granules and the recruitment of TDP-43. Candidate genes will also be misexpressed in Drosophila models expressing TDP-43 in order to test their involvement in aggregation and toxicity. Through this approach I will identify novel targets that affect the aggregation of TDP-43 not only in fALS but also sALS.

Mots clés : amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Participants :
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 166320.0 €
Projet MultiCat (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

How to best promote proficiency in foreign languages, and the role of schooling in doing so, has been a matter of debate in the European Commission for decades. The MultiCat action addresses this debate by investigating the effects of two English learning contexts, English as a foreign language (EFL) and Content Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), on language development during the first year of elementary school in Catalonia, a Catalan-Spanish bilingual province in Spain. In CLIL contexts, students receive extended instruction in English at the expense of reduced hours in Catalan/Spanish. We investigate (1) the effects of the learning context on the development of the three languages and (2) how individual differences between children may influence such development. Special consideration is given to the multilingual development of heritage language children (i.e., children whose home language is not Catalan, Spanish, or English). As such, this action lies at the intersection of three main issues of interest: the development of foreign languages, the protection of minority languages, and the integration of heritage language children. To address our objectives, we will collect data on the oral language and literacy skills in English, Catalan, and Spanish from 600 first graders (ages 5-6) at two time points (at the onset of primary schooling and at the end of the first schoolyear). By determining the effects of the learning context and other sources of individual differences, the results from this action may inform policymakers’ decisions to promote one learning context over the other, and will help other stakeholders make informed decisions about multilingual practices in the school and the home. This action will combine the expertise of the Experienced Researcher, currently a postdoctoral fellow investigating individual differences in bilingual children, and the supervisor, whose research has focused on the effects of CLIL instruction on language development.

Mots clés : grammar, vocabulary, literacy, clil

Participants :
- Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 172932.48 €
Projet EASYGO (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Doctoral Networks - Joint Doctorates
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

How to operate a geothermal system in the most efficient and safe manner? This is the most important and urgent question after a geothermal resource has been identified. EASYGO will answer that question from different perspectives and give high-level training for geothermal operations. The EASYGO programme connects academia, industry and real-scale research facilities to train tomorrow’s leading geothermal-energy experts. These future experts will improve the design and layout of geothermal systems and handle daily challenges during operations. Geothermal energy will play a key role in the energy transition as part of mitigating climate change. Policy makers demand solutions for a sustainable future energy supply. Tackling the challenges of sustainable geothermal operations requires an interdisciplinary and intersectoral approach. Integrating geoscientific and engineering drives technology innovation that will be tested at operational sites. EASYGO combines various research projects from these fields under in situ conditions, using large-scale infrastructure available to all researchers. To achieve the main objective, we will work on the whole chain of geothermal operations, from production to power-plant engineering to injection. We will develop novel monitoring concepts, perform real-time simulations, develop system components, assess novel concepts for operations and test operational parameters at the field scale. Our ESRs will work on a specifically identified project but will learn aspects of the entire geothermal operation chain in an outstanding training programme. The mobility plan of EASYGO envisages each ESR will have at least one academic secondment and one industrial secondment. The outstanding training programme is complementary to the excellent research plan. ESRs will meet every six months for an intersectoral training week on related topics and soft skills.

Mots clés : geothermal energy, renewables, climate change, real scale infrastructure, earth observation, field tests, monitoring equipment

Participants :
- Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology (Suisse) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 761712.77 €
- Delft University of Technology (Pays-Bas) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 1128884.49 €
- RWTH Aachen University (Allemagne) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 1263942.0 €
- Politecnico di Milano (Italie) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 261499.68 €
Projet HelpSeeking (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Human altruistic helping has deep evolutionary and developmental roots: Both human children and our closest non-human relatives - chimpanzees - often pay a cost to benefit another individual. Previous research on helping has nearly exclusively focused on the helper, i.e. the individual providing the help. However, helping also involves someone who is being helped. A helpee is not just a passive recipient of help, but someone who can actively and flexibly increase the chances of being helped, for example by being strategic in whom to ask for help. When determining who is willing to help, two questions are of particular relevance: (a) How costly is it for the potential helper to help? (b) What is my relationship with the potential helper? Considering the costs of and one’s relationship to potential helpers is crucial when soliciting help. Although it can significantly improve an individual's fitness, it has never been studied systematically when it evolved in our evolution and how it develops over ontogeny. Thus, unraveling the phylogenetic and ontogenetic roots of human’s strategic help-seeking is the objective of the proposed project. Therefore, I would like to conduct two interdisciplinary projects with human children and chimpanzees. In Project 1, I will investigate whether considering the costs of potential helpers for providing help influences the decision whom to ask for help, with costs operationalised either as physical effort (Study 1) or material sacrifice (Study 2). In Project 2, I will study the effects of social relations to the potential helpers on the help-seeking desision, considering in particular friendship (Study 3) and dominance (Study 4). Using an innovative approach – combining observations of naturally occurring behaviors and carefully controlled experiments – this project will be the first to provide insight into the evolutionary and developmental roots of strategic help-seeking.

Mots clés : comparative psychology, cross species comparisons, developmental psychology, help seeking, costs, friendship, dominance, chimpanzees, children

Participants :
- Leibniz Association (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 246669.12 €
- University of California System (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet GETAGRIP (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Human beings have been credited with unparalleled capabilities for digital prehension grasping. However, given the single evolutionary origin of humans and the unique anatomical features they possess, quantitative tests of evolutionary scenarios remain difficult. Moreover, functional inferences based on fragmentary fossil material are often problematic. However, grasping behavior is widespread among tetrapods, thus providing an excellent context for testing hypotheses concerning the origin of manipulation and grasping. The propensity to grasp, and the anatomical characteristics that underlie it, appear in all of the major groups of tetrapods. Although some features are common to all tetrapods, other features, such as opposable digits and tendon morphology, appear to have evolved independently in many lineages. Although recent papers have reviewed the state of the art on grasping, a holistic study including the whole forelimb and its behavioral context in locomotion and manipulation is currently lacking. The goal of the present project is to provide an integrative approach that examines the occurrence of grasping behavior, the anatomy and function of the forelimb, and the evolution of grasping across the three major tetrapod clades that show manual grasping abilities: mammals, reptiles, and amphibians. Within each clade I will compare and contrast the use of the forelimb, its anatomy, and its function in both arboreal and terrestrial animals to test the hypothesis of an arboreal origin of grasping and manipulation capacity. I will study the use of the hand and the forelimb in the context of locomotion and object/food manipulation to understand the relations between anatomy, function and ecology. To do so, I will use state-of-the-art approaches to quantify the anatomy (µCT scanning, 3D geometric morphometrics), the function (pressure and force measurements, 3D kinematics and biomechanical models), and the evolution of these traits in an explicit phylogenetic context.

Mots clés : functional morphology, shape evolution, behavior evolution, comparative study

Participants :
- Muséum national d'histoire naturelle (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 173076.0 €