Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet DELICE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

We live in a constantly changing society in which information and communication are at the basis of our economy. To keep progressing is essential to investigate new feasible ways to control and manipulate information in order to develop faster, smaller and less consuming devices. Organic Spintronics has emerged as a promising field to develop low-cost, mechanically-flexible and multi-functional devices in which information is carried not only by the charge but also by the spin of electrons. However, the injection and transport of the spin information through a device remains challenging, being organic/inorganic interfaces key to overcome this limitation. DELICE addresses the interface engineering in organic spintronics, aiming to profit from unique molecular capabilities for the development of highly performant chemically-tailored organic spintronic devices. In particular, DELICE focuses on exploiting the predicted spin filtering behavior of some organometallic molecules to obtain highly spin-polarized interfaces, enhancing the spin injection from ferromagnetic surface or even creating spin-polarization on non-magnetic metal surfaces. These so-called spinterfaces will be implemented in organic spintronic devices, spin valves, in order to determine the impact they have on the device performances. While organics have been mainly used as passive spacers in such devices, DELICE plans to go beyond the state of the art by actively exploiting the molecule’s spin filtering capability to improve device performances. A thorough characterization of the spinterfaces properties together with their implementation in real devices will provide us with valuable knowledge about the role of interfaces in devices. The technological potential of such a result represents a major step towards the realization of competitive organic nanodevices. The ultimate goal of DELICE is offering an interdisciplinary training to a promising young female researcher.

Mots clés : spinterface, spin transport

Participants :
- CIC nanoGUNE (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 170121.6 €
Projet LHCTOPVLQ (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

We look for new physics in events with top quarks using LHC proton-proton collisions at the CMS detector. A direct search for top quark partners in the form of vector-like quarks is performed, complemented by an indirect but model-independent search for new physics interacting with top quarks using precision top quark properties measurements. In order to enable these and similar analyses to continue at the future High Luminosity LHC, we study the performance of the upgraded track trigger for events with top quarks, including optimisation of reconstruction algorithms and working points.

Mots clés : top properties, vector like quarks, track trigger

Participants :
- UK Research and Innovation (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet C-Pre (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

We make about three saccadic eye movements per second which bring about an abrupt and drastic change in visual input on the retina. However, visual perception seems remarkably stable. I want to determine whether this phenomenon can be explained by predictive coding. Crucial for predictive coding is the transmission of prediction and prediction error signals across brain networks. I want trace down these signals in humans with non-invasive neurophysiological and neuroimaging methods. I will record EEG and MEG data combined with eye-tracking in gaze-contingent experimental designs in which visual input changes during a saccade and in which the frequency of change is manipulate to affect higher-level trans-saccadic expectations. I will apply measures of information transfer and dynamic causal modelling to assess brain dynamics time-locked to saccadic eye-movements. This approach will provide evidence for or against pre-saccadic top-down prediction and post-saccadic bottom-up prediction error signals, which will eventually speak to the question whether predictive coding can explain the phenomenon of visual stability. The proposed action will strongly enhance my theoretical knowledge about predictive processes and it will widely extend my methodological skills about MEG, source analysis, and the analysis of brain dynamics and connectivity. The project will be conducted under the supervision of Floris de Lange at the Donders Institute, the Netherlands, and includes a secondment with Karl Friston and Rick Adams at UCL, UK, as well as cooperation with Stefano Panzeri from IIT, Italy. In sum, this project combines methods and approaches from an international set of world-leading experts in an unprecedented way to test a hypothesis derived from the currently most comprehensive theory of brain function. Therefore, this project will make a highly-innovative falsification attempt of an influential theory which could mean a crucial step in advancing the cognitive sciences.

Mots clés : visual perception, eye movements

Participants :
- Radboud University Nijmegen (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 175572.48 €
Projet AUDICON (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

We perceive the outside world through different senses which we see as recording devices that provide us an accurate representation of reality. Nevertheless, how a sound is heard or a light is seen depends on the context in which they occur. How well we understand speech can greatly vary depending on the presence of other sounds. For instance, a single tone in a complex sound mixture can pop out if it is preceded by a sound with certain properties. This effect is thought to be fundamental in helping people to efficiently detect novelty in a stream of acoustical information. In other situations our perception can fool us, like when we hear sounds that are not there. Someone will perceive a phantom tone after having listened to a certain synthesized stimulus. This phenomenon is related to tinnitus -the perception of a permanent sound, a pathology that debilitates 2% of the population. While those effects are well documented in human psychology, where and how they originate in the brain is currently not known. Our goal is to perform in vivo intra-cellular recordings in the mammalian auditory system to seek the neural mechanisms underlying the effects of context in auditory processing. Beside the fundamental importance of relating perception to neural processing, this research could lead to a better understanding of the mechanism underlying tinnitus induction. Advancing the knowledge on brain processing is critical for European excellence. The results could serve medical research, a priority for the EU. The main research training objective is managing the challenging technique of patch clamp in vivo in which the host lab has expertise. This top-notch technique will complete the applicant’s scientific armentarium and make him very competitive in the multidisciplinary field of neuroscience. After this project the applicant will start his own team. The training objectives will thus focus on management and teaching/supervision skills.

Mots clés : auditory system, contextual effects, dorsal cochlear nucleus

Participants :
- KU Leuven (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 172800.0 €
Projet HspAdhesion (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

We propose an interdisciplinary project at the interface of biophysics, biochemistry, and medical research. Our objective is to investigate the specific role of cell membrane associated heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in the context of invasive cancer. In particular we address the question how cell membrane localization of Hsp70 affects differential adhesion of cancer cells and the formation of metastasis. In general, heat shock proteins (HSP) assist in folding of nascent proteins, prevent protein aggregation, and assist transport of proteins. Upon a variety of stresses HSP production is rapidly upregulated. Hsp70 is the major stress-inducible member of the HSP70 family. In normal cells it copes with harmful unfolded and denatured protein conferring protection to the cell. Tumor cells frequently present Hsp70 on their outer surface where it exhibits additional activities. For a number of different tumors a high level of membrane Hsp70 has been found to indicate drastically decreased survival chances in patients. Moreover it has been implicated in formation of metastasis where it might support spread and anchoring into distant tissues. These findings highlight the clinical significance of cell membrane associated Hsp70 and the need for a better understanding of its role in differential cell adhesion and progression of cancer. We will employ atomic force microscopy (AFM) in order to elucidate the function of membrane Hsp70 as a possible adhesion molecule or mediator of cellular adhesion. (1) Using single-cell force spectroscopy we will characterize and quantify adhesion forces of Hsp70 positive and negative cells to different substrates mimicking their interaction with extracellular matrix and host tissue. (2) With the help of a specialized AFM technique that enables topography imaging with a simultaneous recognition of specific surface molecules we will determine the localization and arrangement of Hsp70 molecules on the cell surface with nanometer resolution.

Mots clés : atomic force microscopy, force spectroscopy, recognition imaging, cell adhesion, cancer, exosomes

Participants :
- Johannes Kepler University of Linz (Autriche) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 166156.8 €
Projet GAMMALAS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

We propose to realise the first experimental demonstration of gamma-ray coherent emission by means of super-radiance in a Bose-Einstein condensate of 135mCs isomers. The isomers will be produced by proton bombardment and will be then laser cooled and trapped in a magneto-optical trap. The cold atomic sample will be transferred to an optical dipole trap, where, by means of forced evaporative cooling, a Bose-Einstein Condensate will be realised. The 135mCs condensate will satisfy the requirements for gamma-ray coherent emission at 787 keV. The project will lead to several milestones in fundamental physics, thus triggering further novel researches, and will demonstrate the practical feasibility of gamma-ray lasers, that would have numerous potential applications ranging from energy industry to medicine.

Mots clés : gamma rays, gamma ray coherent emission, gamma ray laser, nuclear isomers, isomers laser cooling

Participants :
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet EpiLog (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

We take ourselves to know certain logical claims, for example that no contradictions are true. However, we currently fail to have an adequate account of how we possess logical knowledge. Historical attempts to explain this knowledge, such as appeals to intuition, have been found to be ultimately unsatisfactory, either because they are metaphysically obscure or fail to explain logical disagreements. Yet, it is imperative that we have a complete understanding of logical knowledge. While we use logic to form beliefs in all areas of life, such as when testing scientific theories and engaging in rational debate, we now have many competing logics at our disposal to do so, all of which lead us to reasoning differently in certain situations. So, in order to ensure we reason correctly, it is paramount that we choose the right logic. Yet, in order to make these choices, we require suitable criteria to adjudicate between the logics, which can only be developed with a full understanding of what constitutes logical evidence. Without an account of logical evidence, we lack the resources to make principled and holistic decisions about the correct logic to use. EpiLog solves these problems, by: i) Advancing a theory of logical epistemology, called 'logical abductivism', which proposes that, contrary to historical consensus, we come to know logical truths similarly to how scientists know truths about the world; and, ii) Developing a set of criteria for the logical community to use to successfully adjudicate between competing logics. To support its findings, EpiLog uses a practice-based approach, inferring from logicians’ practice the underlying methods through which we gain logical knowledge. While this approach has been successful in elucidating how we gain empirical knowledge in the sciences, it has yet to be used in the study of logic. Consequently, EpiLog addresses an important gap in the literature, transferring techniques from methodological studies of the sciences to logic.

Mots clés : philosophy of logic, epistemology of logic, logic, logical disputes, logical evidence, scientific methodology, dialetheism, paraconsistent logics, logical positivism, logical rationalism

Participants :
- University of Bergen (Norvège) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 196400.4 €
Projet Governmigration (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Western countries have significant concerns about the increasing number of undocumented migrants and asylum seekers crossing international borders. The European Agenda for Migration includes a set of priorities that address this complex and nuanced problem. Core values of European societies, such as solidarity and human rights, are being tested by irregular migration pressure and the related difficulties of immigration detention. The escalating number of detainees released into host communities instead of being deported has raised new questions about how this population is being managed. This project uses two case studies: Spain and Canada to analyze how the governance of irregular migrants and asylum seekers occurs in two complementary ways. First, at the level of discourse, this research will assess how irregular migration has been represented in the political process by focusing on how immigration detention has emerged as a response to this issue. Second, the project will examine the impact of detention in those released and supervised in the community. This study will also focus on how different actors participant in the governance of migrants and how gender, race and nationality influence this process. Theoretically, this research builds on the governmentality and border control scholarship. Policy analysis and interviews are the primary methods of data collection. This study builds on existing scholarship and will provide a comprehensive and comparative analysis of irregular immigration and detention that can inform various types of immigration policy. The research project will be structured to ensure the applicant receives a high quality and comprehensive training program that includes academic milestones and the management, communication and dissemination competences. This study project is built on the collaboration of several institutions and academics to guarantee the international relevance of the project and the academic excellence of the researcher.

Mots clés : irregular migration, asylum seekers, penal power, border control, immigration detention, social control, gender, governmentality, policy analysis, intersectionality, undocumented migrants

Participants :
- University of Toronto (Canada) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of A Coruña (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 242683.2 €
Projet WetCarb (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Wetlands, fragile ecosystems that play an important role in the global water and carbon cycles, cover a non-negligible part of the terrestrial surface and render numerous services to humankind. Their role as carbon sinks or CO2 and CH4 sources depends on the prevailing hydrological conditions and is sensitive to rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations, regional climate change, as well as to water management and land use. Modifications of carbon and water dynamics within wetlands are already detectible and can be expected to amplify during the coming decades. Yet, numerous gaps of knowledge exist concerning their CO2 and CH4 flux quantifications and future dynamics, partly due to scarce global databases, and modelling of these dynamics are still highly uncertain. Focusing on China, where extensive wetlands exist and are projected to undergo vast changes, this project aims to analyse the response of wetland carbon emissions to changing hydrological conditions and atmospheric CO2 concentrations, taking into account contrasted regional land use and water management scenarios. An integrated approach combining measurements of CO2 and CH4 fluxes in numerous wetland types of China with new parameterizations of a dynamic vegetation model coupled with a hydrological model is proposed. The project covers changes occurring through the 20th and 21st centuries. It will be undertaken by the Researcher with two world leading teams in Earth System sciences, bringing in both expertise in modelling the terrestrial carbon cycle, datasets and knowledge of ecological processes. The research will deepen and broaden the Researcher’s competences, build long-term skills and collaborations, promote transfer of knowledge to China and contribute to European excellence and competitiveness. Special attention will be given to disseminating results to both the general public and the non-academic sector through a secondment.

Mots clés : wetlands, carbon cycle, methane, carbon dioxyde, china

Participants :
- Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 248598.0 €
- Peking University (Chine) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet NINA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

What are norms? Where do they come from? NINA aims to develop a new paradigm for thinking norms, moving beyond the prevailing but rigid dualism between norms and nature. It does so by excavating (and updating) a largely neglected tradition within Classical German Philosophy (CGP) with great potential for current scholarship. CGP is recognized as the origin of modern reflections on norms (the so-called “normative turn”).However, prominent philosophers have imported ideas from CGP into current debates to defend "non-naturalist", "constructivist” theories of norms. Aside from being historically inaccurate, these theories setup a problematic dichotomy between norms and nature, increasingly recognized as untenable. Yet there exists within CGP an alternative, forgotten line of thought –started by Kant and pursued by Hegel– that locates norms in nature. Rather than “leaving nature behind,” Hegel analyzed key natural-scientific notions (“organism", “function” etc.) to reveal forms of normativity in nature. NINA aims to recover this unexplored tradition. Bringing together the most up-to-date EU and US research in CGP with the best work on “normativity” and “naturalism”, it will: (1) Open a new narrative in the growing field of the “history of metanormativity”, by disclosing the post-Kantian tradition of normativity in nature (2) Provide the first comprehensive reconstruction of Hegel’s views on natural normativity through direct dialogue with today’s debates on norms (3) Develop key Hegelian insights for current debates. NINA implements a unique cross- and inter-disciplinary program that uncovers promising ideas from the past and mobilises them to impact current debates. Offering outstanding, focused training to the ER, NINA will facilitate unique transfer-of-knowledge and develop pathways for future cooperation with prestigious US institution (i.e. the largest Consortium for German Philosophy in the US), thus greatly improving the study of classical philosophy in Europe.

Mots clés : hegel, analytic hegelism, analitic kantianism, philosophy of nature, normativity

Participants :
- University of Chicago (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of Padua (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 251002.56 €
Projet CLAIMS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

What did it mean to own land in early medieval European localities? Research has so far largely concentrated upon historiographical questions such as the relationship between property and power and lords to peasant relations. However, much less attention has been paid to the crucial issue of how claims to land were laid, maintained and contested over time. CLAIMS arises from a concern to analyse the everyday dynamics of land claims. Its main goal is to develop an interdisciplinary framework for the study of land claims that can account for the different ways in which actors formulated, enacted, and engaged with each other’s land claims and in which these relationships became embedded in the local landscapes. This will enhance our understanding of the everyday processes of conflict and negotiation that shaped early medieval local property regimes. With Europe as its wider horizon, the project will focus on the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula between the 9th-11th centuries. The area provides us with a rich, coherent corpus of written sources and allows for a comparative assessment of a wide variety of scenarios. It thus offers a solid empirical basis to underpin the development of an interdisciplinary methodology for the study of land claims. Led by Dr Álvaro Carvajal Castro, CLAIMS will develop under the supervision of Dr Julio Escalona, a leading scholar in the study of early medieval societies. A well-planned programme of secondments with experts in Archaeology, Anthropology, and Geography will further contribute to reinforce the interdisciplinary nature of the project. CLAIMS will be based at the Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales of the Spanish National Research Council (CCHS-CSIC), where a thriving multidisciplinary research environment, ample training opportunities, and the assistance of a solid management structure will support the fellow in the successful completion of the project.

Mots clés : early middle ages, land claims, property regimes, commons management, landscape, rural population, interdisciplinarity

Participants :
- Spanish National Research Council (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 158121.6 €