Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet DEBT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Attitudes towards saving and borrowing are crucial to the understanding of individual financial behavior. An unwillingness to save or borrow can have severe economic implications, such as preventing optimal portfolio choice, insufficient retirement saving, or a failure to invest in profitable investment projects. To further the understanding of borrowing and saving behavior, I am proposing to develop an experimental protocol that allows to measure individual preferences over saving and borrowing. In particular, I will develop an intertemporal choice list, in which subjects can choose between different saving and debt contracts, using real monetary incentives. Subject’s decisions in this choice experiment can be used to infer individual differences in preferences over saving and borrowing. To control for confounds, and to identify how preferences over borrowing and saving interact with preferences over risk, time and losses, I will also elicit these preferences experimentally, and estimate all domains of preference jointly. For this purpose, I will write a formal model that extends cumulative prospect theory, to incorporate preferences over saving and borrowing. Along with the experiment, I plan to elicit a number of different novel survey measures regarding participants’ borrowing behavior and experience, and identify those that best predict behavior in the incentivized choice experiments. Identifying simple survey measures that explain preferences over saving and borrowing will be of help for future research on these preferences, where time and monetary constraints do not allow a fully incentivized experiment.

Mots clés : intertemporal choice, preference elicitation, debt aversion, risk aversion, loss aversion

Participants :
- Maastricht University (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 165598.8 €
Projet TalkingHeads (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Audio-visual speech recognition refers to the problem of recognizing speech using both audio and video information. Speech is not a purely auditory process but the way that the listener perceives it is also through the recognition of the visual patterns associated with the mouth movement. This correlation of the audio-visual information has been occasionally explored in literature in order to develop more robust automatic speech recognition systems for cases in which the auditory environment is noisy (e.g. background noise, multiple speakers). However, the problem of audio-visual speech recognition has been mainly studied in controlled, laboratory conditions. TalkingHeads proposes, for the first time, the problem of audio-visual speech recognition in unconstrained (in-the-wild) videos collected from real-world multimedia databases and a set of methodologies that will work well under the assumed in-the-wild setting. TalkingHeads brings together a talented but experienced researcher (ER) with expertise in speech analysis (diarization and recognition) and the Supervisor with large research experience in Computer Vision for face analysis in-the-wild (recognition, detection, alignment and tracking, and facial expression analysis). TalkingHeads will establish the ER as an independent and internationally recognized researcher in the area of audio-visual fusion and speech recognition. Through TalkingHeads’ achievable work plan, the ER will attain a high level of research maturity by (a) complementing his expertise on speech analysis through extensive training in Computer Vision, (b) conducting research on a challenging research problem (audio-visual speech recognition in-the-wild) with significant career opportunities in both the academia and the industry, (c) publishing at high impact factor conferences and journals, (d) establishing a network of research collaborators, and (e) enhancing personal skills (e.g. supervisory experience, leadership and management skills).

Mots clés : audio visual speech recognition, face analysis, in the wild, unconstrained video

Participants :
- University of Nottingham (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet GRASAD (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are common neurodevelopmental and childhood-onset chronic disorders. Although ASD and ADHD do have distinct diagnostic definitions, evidence has accumulated to suggest substantial overlap between their symptoms. Despite of being notably impairing and presenting deleterious effects on reproductive success they both are highly prevalent. The goal of GRASAD is the study of two important remaining unsolved issues regarding the genetic underpinnings of ASD and ADHD taking advantage of the most innovative approaches in the neurogenetics field. On one side, GRASAD-I will apply state-of-the-art methodologies to address the question of which and how a diverse set of genetic risk factors are involved in both ASD and ADHD and subsequently to specific symptoms shared between both disorders. On the other side, GRASAD-II will study evolutionary aspects of the genetic roots of ASD from a genomics perspective to shed light on the so-called paradox of psychiatric disorders: given that these disorders are considered maladaptive and have heritable risk, why do they still exist? This study is relevant due to it will not only pave the way for a more precise scientific understanding of ASD and its overlap with ADHD but also can have an impact on psychiatric practice within a precision medicine framework. The evolutionary perspective of the project can generate new hypotheses and guide research, inform treatment strategies, provide a more natural view of disease and elucidate the aetiology of mental illness and suffering. The multidisciplinary nature of the project is strong, involving a combination of well-developed novel approaches in the field of psychiatric genetics. This proposal includes both the transfer of knowledge to the host institution and the training of the candidate in new methodologies. This project is line with the EU strategy on Mental Health and Well Being.

Mots clés : autism spectrum disorders  asd, attention deficit, hyperactivity disorder  adhd, single nucleotide polimorphisms  snps, genome wide association studies  gwas, evolutionary genetics

Participants :
- University of Barcelona (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 160932.48 €
Projet BIGSSS-departs (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Cofund Doctoral programme
Statut du projet : CLOSED

BIGSSS-departs (BIGSSS Doctoral Education in Partnerships) offers doctoral studies in a program that combines close supervision of dissertation work with demand-tailored education, both embedded in a vibrant research landscape at the Bremen International Graduate School of Social Sciences (BIGSSS). The core disciplines comprise political science, sociology, and psychology. Program participants will follow a 42 months structured curriculum including a stay abroad at an external academic partner institution or with an external non-academic partner. BIGSSS has gathered a network of some of the most prestigious international social science partner organizations. With features such as Career day or the Research day, a strong inter-sectorial exposure both in the partner network and with regards to the composition of the curriculum is an essentially new feature of BIGSSS-departs. Through a secure employment contract, the monthly pay in BIGSSS-departs will include health insurance and all German social security benefits already. Even though BIGSSS-departs is connected to a sole beneficiary (University of Bremen), it uses structures and resources of two universities.

Mots clés : structured doctoral education, international partnerships, bremen, social sciences, inter sectorial

Participants :
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukraine) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of Edinburgh (Royaume-Uni) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Constructor University (Allemagne) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Inde) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- National Research University Higher School of Economics (Russie) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of North Carolina System (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Sciences Po (France) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of Bremen (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 1831200.0 €
- University of Milan (Italie) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Bertelsmann Stiftung (Allemagne) — Partner, organization partner, Autres, subvention : 0.0 €
- Edna pasher phd and associates management consultants ltd (Israël) — Partner, organization partner, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 0.0 €
- Duke University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet COMPEL (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Back pain is the leading cause of disability in Europe. Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is the most costly and burdensome form. As the EU population ages, there is an urgent need for more clinically and cost-effective therapies to ensure sustainable healthcare. Dr O’Keeffe will explore a personalised medicine approach to exercise and education for CLBP. This is cutting edge, and has shown promising results beyond other therapies. Dr O’Keeffe is the perfect match for this project, as she has led a trial on this novel therapy for her PhD. This will be the first project to examine the mechanisms, response, and the cost-effectiveness of personalised exercise and education for CLBP. This will build on Dr O’Keeffe’s experience to expand and develop her skills in this area. Dr O’Keeffe will be trained in mediation, moderation and economic evaluation. She will gain additional research skills in new study designs, research software, physical activity measurement, gender analysis and public patient involvement. She will gain transferable skills in communication and public engagement, interdisciplinary networking, grantsmanship, project management, leadership and supervision. She will gain exposure to the non-academic sector through a secondment to a non-governmental organisation. Dr O’Keeffe will disseminate her results through open-access journals and conferences. She will communicate her results and Marie Sklodowska-Curie experience through social media, TV, radio and European Research events. If awarded this fellowship, Dr O’Keeffe will be equipped with the right skillset to improve her employability and reach a position of professional maturity. She will expand the European Research Area by strengthening networks. She will put Europe at the forefront of excellence and innovation for CLBP by promoting a safe exercise and education therapy for EU citizens. This will allow billions of euro that the EU currently spends on CLBP to be redirected to other health care services.

Mots clés : chronic low back pain, exercise, clinical trial, education, treatment mechanisms, costs

Participants :
- University of Limerick (Irlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 254313.0 €
- University of Sydney (Australie) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet PredProkDef (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Bacteria are crucial for health, nutrient cycling and biotechnology but face a constant pressure from the viruses that infect them (phages). As such, bacteria have evolved a sophisticated suite of defence mechanisms that allow them to evade phages. These defence mechanisms can be classified into two basic classes: selfish or altruistic. A selfish system protects individuals, whereas an altruistic system protects the population. Interestingly, the distribution of this defensive arsenal is uneven, with large variations in the types carried, even among closely related species. This proposal aims to understand the basis of this distribution by using a multi-disciplinary approach that combines the precision of a model laboratory system with cutting-edge metagenomics techniques. Specifically, I will use abortive infection as a model for altruistic defence and CRISPR as a model for selfish defence and test the role of spatial structure in determining the abundance of each type. High spatial structure is predicted to be a key determinant of altruistic defences as it results in proximate bacteria being closely related. I will then apply the findings from the first objectives to classify a novel, recently discovered, defence system. Together, these results will enable researchers to better understand microbial immunity, with key consequences for industry and healthcare. The outgoing phase will take place at the University of Otago, New Zealand, using molecular biology expertise in abortive infection and CRISPR systems. The return phase will take place at the University of Exeter, UK, benefitting from expertise in ecology and evolution. The proposed project will allow me to complement my strong background in genomics and ecology with molecular biology and novel bioinformatic approaches. By working in two world-class research laboratories I will further develop independence and a strong collaborative network for the future.


Participants :
- University of Exeter (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 272084.16 €
- University of Otago (Nouvelle-Zélande) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet STEPN-UP (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Bacteria frequently form intimate associations with a eukaryotic host where they may have critical roles in the development, behavior, and/or functions of their animal symbiont. While the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood there is increasing evidence that the bacteria are employing proteins or molecules to send signals to their host. My goal is to understand the inter-kingdom signalling that occurs between a bacterium and its animal host using, as a model, the interaction between an entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) called Heterorhabditis and its symbiotic bacterium, Photorhabdus. EPNs are soil-dwelling organisms that utilize a bacterial symbiont to kill their insect targets. Photorhabdus produces a bioactive secondary metabolite called stilbene (ST). ST is used as an antibiotic and a virulence factor. Furthermore, ST is required for nematode growth and development suggesting that ST may be an important inter-kingdom signalling molecule. In this vein, the proposed project will investigate fundamental aspects pertaining to host-symbiont evolution and interactions by: 1) investigating the evolutionary history of ST synthesis proteins, 2) determining the nematode response to ST, and 3) engineering increased ST production. Aside from scientific advances, this fellowship would enable me to attend University College Cork (UCC) where beneficial training and knowledge will be obtained. For example, UCC provides training workshops on presentation skills, project management, and grant writing among others and aids in career management plans. Furthermore, I will learn new laboratory techniques and knowledge from this project. On the other hand, I will be able to bring my expertise in bacterial research to the host laboratory. This fellowship will have a significant impact on my career as an independent research scientist and will provide me opportunities to interact with the general public to enhance an overall knowledge of science.

Mots clés : inter kingdom signalling, entomopathogenic nematodes, photorhabdus

Participants :
- National University of Ireland (Irlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 175866.0 €
Projet MicroEcoEvol (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Bacterial communities dominate the living biomass on Earth and contribute significantly to all global cycles of matter and energy. However, due to the high genetic heterogeneity of the ecosystems and their richness in diverse microbial species, our knowledge of bacterial communities remains limited. Therefore, in order to understand any bacterial community's ecology and predict how these communities and their respective ecosystems will respond to environmental changes, we need (i) to identify the different ecologically distinct microbial populations (or "clusters") that compose it, and (ii) to determine the interactions between clusters, and how they evolve. To address these challenging goals, this study will use the model system of Microcystis, the cyanobacterium that is mainly responsible for toxic algal bloom in lakes worldwide. The goal of this project is to (i) determine how (and if) Microcystis is specialized into different ecologically and genetically distinct clusters, (ii) to track how the Microcystis populations (or clusters) respond to environmental changes (pH, temperature, pollution from fertilizer runoff) and biological factors (viruses that prey on bacteria). This will allow us to understand how Microcystis populations change and adapt over time, helping us to predict and prevent harmful blooms. Using a unique multidisciplinary approach mixing ecology and evolution, and combining observations from natural time-courses in lakes, in situ experiments in microcosms within lakes, and in vitro experiments, this project will provide an unprecedented understanding of how changing regimes of natural selection, imposed by environmental and biological factors, shape microbial communities on the scales of populations, genomes and genes. This project will provide major advances in bloom understanding, in prediction by the identification new genetic biomarkers and in prevention by defining the conditions under which phage therapy might be a practical strategy.

Mots clés : reverse ecology, evolution, metagenomics, cyanobacteria, bacteriophage, infection network, experimental evolution

Participants :
- University of Exeter (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 255349.8 €
- Université de Montréal (Canada) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet CHARTIST (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Staff Exchanges
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Based on chiral metamaterials and metasurfaces enhanced by graphene and carbon nanotubes, this project aims at providing theoretical basis, performing proof of concept experiments, and building a prototype device for unprecedented dynamic control of THz-wave polarization. The project relies on solid theoretical background that will enable analytical and numerical modelling interaction of the THz radiation with chiral metamaterials and metasurfaces and will also reveal the most promising techniques to control helicity in the THz range by external stimuli. The chiral metamaterials and metasurfaces will be fabricated by advance fabrication techniques including femtosecond micromachining of multilayer substrates, laser sculpturing of the carbon nanotube films and e-beam lithography. The enhancing of the fabricated chiral structures with graphene will provide additional channels for manipulating the helicity-sensitive transmittance and reflectivity, which can be employed for the THz polarization control. The proposed research program implemented via intersectoral and international mobility and connected training, dissemination and outreach activities will enable the knowledge and technology transfer, wider professional networking, acquiring new skills and exploitation of project results by European THz industry. In parallel, the world-wide professional CHARTIST network will considerably enhance the future career prospects of early stage researchers and widen the professional opportunities for experienced researchers involved.

Mots clés : terahertz, chirality, metamaterial, metasurface, graphene, carbon nanotubes

Participants :
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (Grèce) — Partner, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 101200.0 €
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Partner, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 92000.0 €
- Russian Academy of Sciences (Russie) — Partner, organization partner, Recherche, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of Southampton (Royaume-Uni) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 78200.0 €
- Belarusian State University (Biélorussie) — Partner, organization partner, Recherche, subvention : 0.0 €
- Koinoniki synetairistiki epicheirisi syllogikis kai koinonikis ofeleias commonslab (Grèce) — Partner, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 110400.0 €
- The University of Tokyo (Japon) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Xpectraltek, lda (Portugal) — Partner, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 156400.0 €
- Napa technologies (France) — Partner, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 46000.0 €
- University of Eastern Finland (Finlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 142600.0 €