Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ACHROMAS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The planned project explores a new class of frustrated magnets with the potential to host magnetic skyrmions. Skyrmions are nanoscale magnetic states and can be characterized as topologically protected spin vortices. They can be manipulated using low electric currents, thus can act as information bits in a new generation of energy efficient, ultradense memory and logic devices. Until now skyrmions have mainly been found in chiral magnets and at the surfaces of certain materials, but are often limited to a tiny pocket of the applied magnetic field versus temperature phase diagram. Furthermore, the skyrmions themselves in these systems are often of tens of nanometers or more in size, thus too large to be useful as information bits. Recent theoretical works have predicted that much more compact skyrmions might be found in frustrated magnets, and guidelines have been established to identify the most desirable structure features for hosting skyrmions. One group of materials that meet the structural criteria are the alkali chromites and manganites ABO2 (A = Na, K, Rb, Cs; B = Cr, Mn) and their derivatives, which are the focus of the proposed research. A comprehensive physicochemical investigation of the ABO2 family will be carried out, using cutting-edge methods of syntheses and modern analysis techniques for the determination of structure and composition. An investigation of their bulk magnetization and transport properties, combined with a study of their magnetic structures using Lorenz microscopy, neutron and resonant X-ray scattering, will enable magnetic phase diagrams to be mapped out and skyrmion phases to be identified and characterized. This interdisciplinary project involves close relationships between multiple related fields of science, such as solid state and magnetochemistry, theoretical physics and condensed matter physics, material science and nanotechnology.

Mots clés : magnetic skyrmions, metal oxides, material synthesis, spintronics, frustrated magnetism

Participants :
- University of Groningen (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 187572.48 €
Projet SiPoMorph (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The plant vasculature comprises the xylem and phloem. The phloem’s conductive cells, the sieve elements, transport sugars produced in leaves to sink organs, such as roots, tubers, fruits and seeds. They also transport hormones and RNAs throughout the plant, enabling its adaptive and continuous development. Individual sieve elements connect through callose-rich sieve plates to form sieve tubes, the larger supra-cellular conducting units. Perforation of the sieve plate with sieve pores is critical to efficient sap flow and can be modulated by callose-mediated occlusion. Indeed, sieve pores are rapidly closed in response to tissues damage, abiotic stresses and infections. Cellular differentiation and adaptation of sieve elements, particularly sieve pore morphogenesis, are surprisingly poorly understood and, lacking powerful cell-biological tools, has largely been neglected. This project sets out to describe a molecular and genetic framework for sieve plate formation. To this end, mutants and transgenic lines already generated in the host lab will be characterized. Additionally, candidate genes, encoding mostly for unknown proteins will be localized in sieve elements. These genes will be functionally characterized using several state-of-the-art methods and specifically-tailored molecular tools, such as inducible CRISPR knock-out, laser ablation and dominant cell-specific genetic interference. This will identify novel molecular players during callose deposition and degradation at sieve pores and advance our mechanistic understanding of sieve plate formation and possible adaptive mechanisms of stress response. Morphological variances and developmental adaptations of sieve pores are important for phloem source-to-sink transport and nearly all calories consumed by humans and livestock have at some point passed through sieve pores. Hence, understanding their morphogenesis at the molecular level is equally relevant for fundamental plant science as for modern agriculture.


Participants :
- University of Cambridge (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet LeaD4Value (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The possibilities of data-based maintenance management as well as interconnected, smart, and autonomous assets have been discussed lately but in practice there are still a number of major problems regarding e.g. the amount, quality, integration, and exploitation of maintenance data. In LeaD4Value these problems are addressed through lean maintenance data management to realise increased business value. Contrary to the Big Data hype, the idea here is to focus on the data decision support tools to be constructed based on analytical modelling and statistical analyses. Data will be collected from computerized maintenance management systems and enterprise resource planning systems of the two seconded companies, as well as from some of their employees via surveys and interviews. The results include e.g. a map of data exploitation paths, a process model, and a performance measurement system for lean maintenance data management. These tools can be used to reveal unnecessary maintenance tasks and data collection, missing data collection, or potential to increase the business value of maintenance. The role of world-class maintenance is highlighted in European manufacturing, because a majority of new production-related investments are directed to other continents. The proposed work is multidisciplinary by nature, combining aspects of business value management, reliability and maintenance engineering, and data sciences. The multidisciplinary view is needed, for asset management is challenged by maintenance engineers and managers understanding the technical aspects of maintenance but being unable to communicate these to the company decision makers in terms of business value. Too often this leads to short-sighted decisions. The project will expand the competences of the fellow in multiple disciplines, and provides international experience in science and business.

Mots clés : maintenance, asset management, data, decision support, value, modelling, statistical data analysis, management tools, manufacturing, emaintenance, production, profitability, lean, competitiveness

Participants :
- University of Sunderland (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet URBANiTE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The post-crisis transformations of the socio-political landscapes in Southern Europe have shaped crucial opportunities for emergent political actors and the civil society to introduce new governance mechanisms. Following a turbulent period of social mobilizations, rapid political and institutional transformations are underway at the city, regional and national levels in countries such as Spain and Greece, and particularly in Madrid and Athens. These provide a crucial theoretical, methodological and analytical challenge for urban studies and a key opportunity for the development of a novel relational comparative approach regarding the modifications of urban governance in Madrid and Athens. The prime research aim of URBANiTE is to investigate the ongoing socio-political developments in the two cities, the relationship between civil society and emergent political actors and the ways these shape institutional changes. The project will produce context-sensitive, innovative outcomes on multi-level territorial governance, of high relevance for science, society and policy, in times of sweeping challenges in Europe and beyond. Moreover, it involves integrated interdisciplinary research with policy implications for the governance of inclusive, innovative and reflective societies, hence fully responds to challenges set out in the Horizon 2020 Societal challenges programme. The Fellowship will provide opportunity for knowledge exchange, as the fellow will bring expertise from the UK and Greece on urban politics, citizenship and grassroots social innovation in austerity contexts. It will also allow the fellow to advance her knowledge in an interdisciplinary research environment and learn from a new regional context, which will contribute to greater understandings of urban governance changes, social innovation and policy implementation in contemporary Europe. Lessons generated will be of wider relevance for EU- level urban governance, with transferable outcomes to other contexts.

Mots clés : post crisis, urban politics, urban governance, social movements, southern europe, madrid, athens

Participants :
- Autonomous University of Madrid (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 158121.6 €
Projet DAMOSET (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The power grid is an integral part of the power system. It connects all electrical consumers with generators and powers everything from household appliances to large factory machinery. Without this grid, farmers would not be able to feed their animals, car factories would come to a halt, mobile phone systems would fail and many of us would not even be able to make a cup of tea. While the current power system is very reliable and offers a high quality of service, it remains unclear how this will develop in the future. The limited supply of fossil fuels as well as necessary reduction of CO2 emissions to mitigate climate change, will eventually lead to a power grid mainly supplied by renewable generators, such as wind and solar plants. These plants output smaller total power so that a large number is necessary which have to be geographically distributed for optimal weather conditions. The current power grid system slowly emerged within several decades of optimization processes. However, now we are discussing how to revolutionize the whole energy system within years. Therefore, a fundamental understanding of the current power system is necessary to develop potential pathways to a future 100% sustainable system. In the proposed research, I will use data-driven approaches to work towards a quantitative understanding of fluctuations in the power grid, as they are for example introduced by the changing demand or volatile energy generation. I will analyse the British as well as international grids to understand differences in grid operation and potential solutions for grids. A key goal of the proposed project is to offer a data base of these measurements for the scientific community to analyse and to add to. Within this project, I will also develop analysis tools to be used by the scientific community as well as interested companies or government agencies.


Participants :
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet FSI in hadron decays (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The precision study of complex multibody decays of bottom and charm hadrons has unique sensitivity to new fundamental particles and interactions that could give rise to the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe, or dark matter. New, vast datasets allow for these studies to be performed with unprecedented experimental precision. However, theoretical uncertainties limit the sensitivity of this approach. The proposed research overcomes this limitation by developing novel theoretical tools to describe multibody hadron decays, and applying them to the latest datasets in a unique collaboration between theory and experiment. In particularly, this research program focus on improving particles strong interaction description in the final states of multibody decays (B-->KKK, B--> Kππ, B-->K*μμ and Bc-->KKπ), including both low-energy two-body full amplitudes, with rescattering and coupled channels; and hight-energy charm mesons as intermediate states of the process.

Mots clés : lhcb experiment, final state interactions, heavy meson decays, cp violation, amplitude analyses, hadronic loops, rescattering, chpt, collaboration theory experiment

Participants :
- University of Bristol (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet BeBamb (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The prehistory of SE Asia is very different from the rest of the Old World. The stone tool kit is rudimentary and production techniques lasted unchanged for millennia. Currently, the dominant hypothesis to explain it is the “Bamboo Hypothesis”: prehistoric hunter-gatherers would have adapted to their environment, the tropical forest and manufactured more complex implements in bamboo. The objective of this project is to explore the potential adaptation of Late Pleistocene hunter gatherers to the forest in Palawan, Philippines and its modalities: have stone tools really been used mostly to make bamboo tools? We know, thanks to plant remains discovered in the archaeological record, that several species were known and used. Therefore, we can hypothesise that the simplification of lithic technology could be due to a technological investment focusing on a large spectrum of plants and not only on bamboo. As objects made of plants do not preserve well, I will gather data by an indirect mean: studying use-wear and micro plant residues on stone tools. To increase the possibilities of diagnosis, I will move from classic qualitative use-wear analyses to a quantitative methodology using confocal microscopy. This method proved efficient to distinguish use-wear resulting from processing different plants in the Levant. This research will be conducted at the Institut Mila y Fontanals (CSCI), in Barcelona, where I will receive high level training in quantitative use-wear and at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (Jena, Germany) (secondment) where I will be trained in micro plant residue analyses. This project will contribute to our understanding of environmental influence on human development and the adaptability of our species to the rainforest. It will also question the assumption that simple technology is the reflection of simple society as lithic functional analyses may reveal a hidden complexity in plant related practices that may be unique to SE Asia.

Mots clés : prehistory, rainforest, se asia, use wear, residues, stone tools, plants, bamboo

Participants :
- Spanish National Research Council (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 160932.48 €
Projet CACHEM (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The presence of a supermassive black hole (BH) in almost all galaxies in the Universe is an accepted paradigm in astronomy. How these BHs form and how they co-evolve with the host galaxy is one of the most intriguing unanswered problems in modern Cosmology and of extreme relevance to understand the issue of galaxy formation. Clustering measurements can powerfully test theoretical model predictions of BH triggering scenarios and put constraints on the typical environment where AGN live in, through the connection with their host dark matter halos. This project wants to probe the clustering properties of X-ray AGN from both an observational and theoretical point of view, using the new catalog of AGN detected by Chandra in COSMOS and semiempirical models. The Chandra COSMOS-Legacy (CCL) catalog is the largest available sample of X-ray AGN for clustering studies, allowing clustering measurements as a function of obscuration, luminosity and AGN host galaxy properties for the first time up to z~3-4 and with the accuracy needed to model the AGN halo occupation. We also propose to generate mock catalogs of galaxies and BHs assigned via semi-empirical relations to large samples of dark matter halos. Via detailed comparisons of the predictions from the mocks with the AGN clustering at different scales, redshifts and obscuration cuts, we will set unique constraints on the BH/galaxy properties driving the clustering measurements of CCL AGN, especially of obscured sources. This in turn is crucial to understand the AGN/galaxy co-evolution and to test different BH triggering scenarios at different epochs. SNS will constitute for the Applicant an invaluable and unique environment at the European level, where she will achieve extreme competence in both theory and observations. Her profile will become extremely relevant with the advent of large dedicated extra-galactic European missions such as EUCLID, eRosita, Athena.

Mots clés : active galaxies, super massive black holes, large scale structure, dark matter halos, clustering, bh and galaxy co evolution, bh triggering mechanisms, semi empirical models

Participants :
- Scuola Normale Superiore (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 168277.2 €
Projet AMINE_REMOVAL (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The presence of biogenic amines (BA) (histamine, putrescine, cadaverine, etc) is usual in fermented beverages such as wine. Due to the toxicity of these BA, some countries have established recommendations concerning the maximum levels allowed in wines. Taking account the difficulty of controlling the production of BA during winemaking, the removal of them from finished wines avoiding the modification of the chemical composition related with the wine quality is a great challenge considering the complexity of the wine chemical composition and its organoleptic characteristics. This multidisciplinary project (AMINE_REMOVAL) presents an innovative approach based on the design of functionalized mesoporous materials (according with the size of biogenic amines) with specific functional groups on the surface to remove selectively biogenic amines from wine with a minimum effect on its organoleptic characteristics. This project includes the synthesis of materials, a deep study of the effects of the materials in synthetic and real wines at chemical and sensorial level, and the application to real wines in a pilot-scale plant. AMINE_REMOVAL represents an important step in the strategy to tackle the problem of the presence of biogenic amines in wine. Thus, obtaining a suitable method to remove the amines from wines will have a great impact not only on the quality of the wines, but also on the possibility to establish a maximum concentration of biogenic amines in wines by the European Union in its food security policies in order to protect the consumer. This project fits in one of the society challenges of the European 2020 strategies (food safety and quality, productive and sustainable farming, sustainability of natural resources, marine and maritime research).

Mots clés : functionalised porous solids, wine, biogenic amines, food safety and quality, organoleptic quality

Participants :
- Université de Montpellier (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 173076.0 €
Projet EMPyr (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The present innovation is boosted by the sharing of knowledge and tools. As in the past, these novelties are causing economic and social changes. During the early Middle Ages, between the end of the 7th and the 9th century, northwestern Europe experienced political and social mobility, modifications in the settlement strategy and technical innovations in crafts. By focusing on the glass, ceramic and iron, this project aims to reach the changes in their processes that are still poorly understood as well as the roles of the craftsmen and those of elites. In secondary productions, the “chaînes opératoires” of these pyrotechnologies will be studied. Archaeological and archaeometrical analyses will identify their materials and techniques in order to evaluate where modifications occured. Then, they will be compared in order to grasp the cross-craft interactions and see if these were a trigger for innovation. Aiming to appraise the role of their actors, the four sites chosen concern different social strata (aristocratic villa, pre-urban agglomeration, rural settlement and monastery). All the results of these material studies will be integrated in their socio-economic environment. At ARSCAN and during a secondment at CEB-IRAMAT, the needed competences will be gathered. A training in iron studies will fulfill a domain of expertise currently lacking in the Benelux and it will be an asset to apply to permanent academic positions. The project also includes experimental archaeology on a site allowing the development of future research projects. A scientific meeting will gather teams working on craft productions in other regions in order to picture the transfers of material and knowledge. All these results will be communicated to mainstream audience, in particular to current craftsmen. In this way, the project intends to bring light to the mechanisms and factors of innovation at the roots of a novel society and it will encourage current creators to do the same.

Mots clés : early middle ages, northwestern europe, innovation, cross craft interactions, ceramic, glass, iron

Participants :
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 196707.84 €