Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet DaRe (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Data networks and storage media play a key role in our modern every-day life. However, these systems are highly susceptible to errors which make successful reception/retrieval of the transmitted/stored data impossible. In data networks, errors occur due to interference with other users, due to multipath propagation of the signal, or due to component noise of the receiver. Data storage media like flash memories suffer from manufacturing imperfections, wearout, and fluctuating read/write errors. In order to transmit and store data reliably, high-performance error-correcting codes and efficient decoding algorithms are hence a necessary means. The objective of this project is to provide novel and superior approaches for reliability in data networks and storage media. By means of error-correcting codes and information-theoretic analyses, we will make data transmission and storage more reliable against errors of different types. The first part of this project deals with the construction of better and more efficient coding schemes for networks. In particular, we want to construct subspace codes with high cardinality and low decoding complexity, and improve the reliability of multi-source networks. The second part of this project analyses the physical error model of non-volatile storage memories like flash memories with the objective of developing coding strategies which correct these errors and mask defect cells of the memory. This project will take place at the Technion, in collaboration with Prof. Tuvi Etzion and Prof. Eitan Yaakobi. My experience in coding theory combined with the expertise of my supervisors in network coding/coding for memories is an ideal combination to achieve new excellent research results. The innovative nature of the project will boost my career possibilities and its inter-sectoral orientation will provide new opportunities for Europe’s high-tech industry.

Mots clés : coding theory, error correcting codes, data reliability, network coding, coding for memories, information theory

Participants :
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology (Israël) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 182509.2 €
Projet LHP-C-H-PLATE-4-DC (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Date centres consume 1.1-1.5% of the world’s total electricity supply and remain 15-20% of annual increase rate in power demand. Space cooling, owing to vast dissipation of the heat from the data-processing equipment to data centre space, has a very high cooling capacity, accounting for 30-40% of energy delivered into the space. Developing an effective heat removal and recovery system to prevent excessive equipment heat transmission to the space is critical to reducing energy consumption of the cooling system. The proposed MSCA programme aims to investigate an innovative a novel Loop-Heat-Pipe-based data centre heat removal and recovery system employing the micro-channels-cold/hot-plates(LHP-C/H-PLATE-4-DC), by integrating the excellence of the host applicants in loop-heat-pipe(LHP) and expertise of the researcher applicant in hot/cold plates for data processing equipment. The innovative features of the system lie in (1) microscopic interior spaces increase liquid evaporation rate and heat transfer of the LHPs; (2) sensor-controlled liquid upper-feeding and liquid/vapour separator prevent the dry-out and entrainment effects of the conventional LHPs; (3) flat-plate surface of the cold-plate enables a perfect contact with the skin of the data-processing equipment; and (4) novel heat/mass transfer analysis approaches employing the latest fractal and enthalpy/temperature-difference-driven heat transfer theories. The programme tasks include (a) concept development; (b) computer modelling; (c) prototype construction & testing; and (d) economic & environmental analyses. The programme will attract an experienced researcher with particular knowledge in data centre heat removal technologies into Europe. This will (a) achieve transfer of knowledge from outside into Europe, thus helping growing EU’s knowledge-based economy and society; (b) develop a long-term contact among the researcher and host/partner organisations; and (c) enable the advanced training to the researcher.

Mots clés : micro channel, loop heat pipe, heat removal, heat recovery, data centre, cooling, energy, consumption, cooling load, heat transport capacity, computerised tool, experiment

Participants :
- University of Hull (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 224933.76 €
Projet Neuro-ReprOmics (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Direct lineage reprogramming of cell identity in the nervous system offers the prospect of remodelling diseased brain circuits. Recent years have provided evidence for the possibility of converting brain glia into neurons in vivo. This may eventually allow to regenerate neurons that have degenerated as a consequence of injury or disease. Yet, the process by which glial cells give up their original identity and adopt a neuronal fate remains by large enigmatic. Moreover, the knowledge of molecular underpinnings of glia-to-neuron conversion is lacunary and virtually nothing is known about the process in vivo. The Berninger laboratory has discovered specific cocktails of reprogramming factors that gives rise to induced neurons in the mouse cerebral cortex, with some cells adopting hallmark features of fast-spiking, parvalbumin-expressing interneurons, a neuronal subtype that is highly vulnerable in neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. The aim of my project addresses the question of how these neurogenic reprogramming factors remodel gene expression programs as glial cells convert into neurons. Thus, I will utilize defined combinations of reprogramming factors leading to the generation the distinct types of neurons to elucidate how and when the reprogramming trajectories diverge. Towards this end, I will establish single cell RNA sequencing as well as scATAC-seq from cells undergoing conversion in vivo to uncover the transcriptomic and epigenomic changes that drive this process. The outcome of this study is twofold, as this will break new ground in our understanding of how transcription factors can overcome existing cell-specific gene expression programs to induce new cellular identities, and at the same time identify new molecular handles for rendering reprogrammed cells more similar to their endogenous counterparts in an attempt to improve the prospects of using this strategy for brain repair.

Mots clés : direct lineage reprogramming, cell fate, in vivo glia to neuron conversion, single cell rna seq, single cell atac seq, proneural, pioneer factor ascl1

Participants :
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 212933.76 €
Projet DMD2CURE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an X-linked recessive muscle-wasting disease, characterized by progressive weakening of skeletal, respiratory, and cardiac muscle followed by necrosis and fibrosis. DMD affects ~1:3,500 live male births and is associated with delayed motor milestones. DMD occurs as a result of mutations within the DMD gene that lead to premature termination of translation. The most frequent type of mutations are exonic deletions and duplications that induce a frame-shift in the protein-coding sequence. To date no effective treatment exist for this disorder. Duplications account for ~5–10% of all reported mutations in DMD in the Leiden database, although the incidence may be higher. Despite the limited number in DMD, duplications are widespread in almost all diseases and are generally neglected by therapeutic approaches. New molecular tools, now represented by genome-editing technologies that use synthetic nucleases in order to introduce targeted alterations at specific sites in the genome, hold great promises for revolutionizing the gene therapy arena. According to these premises, we propose a novel strategy based on the CRISPR/Cas9 system to repair tandem duplications by removing the mutation: compared to the exon deletions approach which uses two gRNA targeting two unique regions defining the sequence to be deleted, our approach will employ only one gRNA against a unique intronic sequence within the tandem duplication. This strategy will exploit the characteristic of tandem duplication (two identical contiguous sequences) and will result in the deletion or inversion of the mutation restoring the dystrophin expression. As a model we chose the exon 2 duplication which is the most frequent one in the DMD gene, but the same approach would be applicable to all tandem duplications. This study will pave the way for the development of therapies against duplications also in pathologies in which the exon skipping approach is not feasible.

Mots clés : gene editing, crispr, cas9, duplications, mouse models, viral vectors

Participants :
- Généthon (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 185076.0 €
Projet SUPERDYN (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Due to very long energy relaxation times and strong non-linearities superconductors are the workhorse of many solid state quantum technologies. Previous studies have shown that a periodically excited superconductor can be taken to a new highly-nonlinear regime where quasiparticles perform synchronous collective Rabi oscillations. SUPERDYN will address all the challenges to observe these and similar highly nonlinear states in experiments. In particular, we will analyse thermalization process beyond a mean-field dynamics i.e. taking into account the effect of the environment, residual interactions and disorder. Results obtained with non-equilibrium diagrammatic techniques (Keldysh) will be validated comparing with computations within non-equilibrium dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT). Both the transient nonlinearities and the steady-state nonlinearities will be studied. In the latter case we expect typical effects of nonlinear quantum optics as induced transparency. A microwave device will be designed to measure these effects. This will require developing beyond state-of-the-art software and techniques to treat quasiparticle excitations and low-energy plasma modes on an equal footing. We will also develop a new variational method to obtain optimum driving protocols to obtain a desired transient superconducting state. The project will benefit from the synergies with various experimental groups. Secondments in a leading DMFT group and a leading experimental group developing quantum devices will complement the formation. The Experienced Researcher will be taken to a leadership position in the field of nonequilibrium superconductivity and solid-state quantum technologies with excellent future career prospects.

Mots clés : out of equilibrium systems, dynamical systems, thz technologies, microwave technologies

Participants :
- National Research Council (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 183473.28 €
Projet ALCO-ADO (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

During adolescence, the brain undergoes intense maturation, particularly in the frontal areas. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is implicated in executive functions, and its immaturity in adolescents is associated with increased impulsivity and heightened vulnerability to deleterious effects of drugs. Alcohol is the most consumed drug among adolescents, and its excessive consumption profoundly impairs PFC function, leading to long-lasting defective behaviors, psychological problems and neurocognitive defects. However, the precise mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced alterations in PFC maturation remain poorly understood. Alcohol addiction is considered being a maladaptive form of learning and memory, as alcohol usurps the molecular mechanisms underlying those processes, such as long-lasting synaptic plasticity. Long-lasting changes in the strength of synaptic connections mainly depend on the local translation of mRNAs at synaptic sites. It has been shown that alcohol modifies synaptic proteins composition by modulating the activity of key translation regulators, such as mTORC1 and eIF2α, in brain regions associated with the mesocorticolimbic pathway. Here, we propose to analyze the alcohol-dependent modifications of the synaptic translatome of specific neuronal populations (glutamatergic neurons and GABAergic interneurons) in the PFC of adolescent male and female mice, by using a multidisciplinary approach combining biochemistry, imaging, electrophysiology and behavioral tests. This project aims to uncover how alcohol modulates local translation of synaptic proteins in the PFC during adolescence, to identify the targeted synaptic mRNAs and analyze their involvement in altered synaptic plasticity underlying alcohol-dependent defective behaviors. In addition, this project aims at identifying the differential sensibility to alcohol’s effects between males and females as well as the differences in behavioral consequences.

Mots clés : alcohol, prefrontal cortex, adolescence, synaptic plasticity, local translation, mtorc1, eif2a

Participants :
- University of Liège (Belgique) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 178320.0 €
Projet EvoCellFate (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

During development cells progressively acquire specific features that result in the definition of cellular fates.Inter- and intra-specific homologous cell lineages show significant variation in the adoption of particular cell fates. Yet, at present the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying these intra-specific changes in cell fate and how variation in cell fates is biased during evolutionary trajectories are largely unknown. In this project I will use the vulva system in genetically tractable nematodes to i)identify the molecular basis of intraspecific cell fate variation and ii)to investigate whether evolutionary trajectories in cell fate variation are developmentally constrained in distinct nematode genera. In Caenorhabditis species, among the six "vulva precursor cells", only one termed P3.p shows fate evolution within and among species.In contrast,in Oscheius species(sister genus)other vulva precursor cells fates evolve faster, named P4.p and P8.p. The work is structured into two main objectives. First,I will investigate the molecular and genetic basis of intraspecific P3.p cell fate variation in C.elegans using quantitative genetics, whole-genome sequencing and modern genome editing techniques. Second,I will probe the role of developmental constrains in biasing evolutionary trends of cell fate variation by using a combination of random mutagenesis and quantitative genetics.This project will contribute to integrate the field of evolution of development with a population and quantitative genetic framework and will provide a mechanistic genetic understanding of cell fate variation during development and evolution at several evolutionary scales. Based on a highly successful research group in a worldwide-recognized institute and its network of collaborators,it will allow me to obtain a strong background in evolutionary theory,nematode development,genome bioinformatic skills and quantitative genetics,building on my strong molecular and developmental background

Mots clés : evolution of development, cell fate decision, quantitative genetics, caenorhabditis elegans, nematode vulva development

Participants :
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 185076.0 €
Projet Syncrip_2014 (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

During learning specific neuronal connections are strengthened and weakened to create long-term memory. This requires local regulation of the availability of proteins at the synapse, at a large distance from the cell body, in response to neuronal activity. It is generally recognized that such synaptic plasticity can be achieved through the regulation of translation of localized mRNAs at or near the synapses. Despite the importance of this mechanism in memory and our understanding of neurodegenerative diseases, the molecular basis by which neuronal activation regulates localised translation is still largely unknown in any system. I propose to address this deficiency by discovering the key regulatory pathway in activity dependent synaptic plasticity in the Drosophila third instar motorneuron synapse, a well established model for generalised synaptic function. My proposal is built on extremely promising unpublished observations showing that a highly conserved mRNA binding protein, Syncrip (Syp) regulates the localized translation of key synaptic mRNAs, such as the conserved scaffolding molecule Discs large, at the motorneuron synapse, in response to neuronal stimulation. Preliminary data from the lab suggests that Syp is post-translationally modified by Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), a well-known kinase that plays essential and conserved roles in memory. I propose to test the hypothesis that binding of Syp to its mRNA targets is regulated by phosphorylation by CamKII. I will test whether Syp is phosphorylated at CamKII consensus sites located in its mRNA binding domains, which have been modelled on the human structure. We will use mass spectrometry to identify these phosphorylation sites and characterise phosphorylation mutants of Syp generated by CRISPR. I also aim to discover the molecular mechanism by which Syncrip regulates the translation of its targets.

Mots clés : localised mrna translation, rna binding proteins, phosphorylation, synaptic plasticity, syncrip, camkii

Participants :
- University of Oxford (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 183454.8 €
Projet SpinSAC (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

During mitosis a sophisticated surveillance system, known as the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), is crucial to make sure that the cell does not separate its sister chromatids until all the chromosomes are correctly attached to spindle microtubules and bi-oriented. Nowadays, one of the more important strategy used for the cancer treatment is the inhibition of the microtubule dynamic to activate the SAC by the addition of anti-mitotic drugs. At the end, the activation of SAC for a long period provokes the cell death, compromising the tumour cell proliferation. Nonetheless, there are tumour cells, which are affected in SAC activity showing a reduction in the efficiency of this treatment. For this reason, it is becoming extremely useful to seek new proteins which are implicated directly to SAC functionality. This project will be focused on the study of hSpindly as a new protein implicated in SAC regulation independently of the stripping pathway. hSpindly has a role in the SAC mechanism but how it works is absolutely unknown. hSpindly is highly phosphorylated in mitosis so, finding the residues which are phosphorylated in this cell cycle phase, will allow us to know not only the role of these phosphorylations in SAC but also its implication in the cell response in the presence of antimitotic drugs. For this, we will use several approaches and state of the art techniques as confocal microscopy and the CRISPR/Cas9 nickase system. This study will contribute with relevant results in basic and clinical research. The knowledge of the hSpindly function might reveal new therapeutic targets for the treatment of the tumours more resistant to anti-mitotic drugs. Additionally, it would be possible to get phosphospecific antibodies of key residues in the hSpindly function, which could be used as tumour marker in the future.

Mots clés : mitosis, chromosome segregation, checkpoint, cancer

Participants :
- Universidad de Sevilla (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 259398.72 €
Projet CLEFNI (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

During the 19th century, several music and choral societies arose in Europe, giving rise to a choral movement that fostered not only communal singing, but also patriotic feelings. In Switzerland, this movement involved several men’s choirs that had a strong liberal and patriotic character. This patriotism, however, could not be based on cultural, linguistic or ethnic unity, but called for the integration of the four cultures that make up Switzerland. With its songs and festivals, the Swiss choral movement became a crucial element in this integration process. Yet despite its significance, this movement remains largely ignored by recent scholarship. There is a lack of research on the movement as a whole and principally of specific knowledge about the choral life in different places. The cities of Bern and Fribourg for example have different languages, religions and traditions. To what extent did their choral life differ from or resemble one another? By answering this question, CLEFNI aims to understand how choral activities influenced the social and political life in these cities and contributed to the integration of the Swiss peoples. The objective is to better understand the historical circumstances and the specific conditions that allowed integration and multicultural understanding. CLEFNI is designed as an archival research and will critically analyse sources in archives of 19th-century choral societies in terms of their musical, social and political contexts and of their gender dimensions. Findings will then be discussed in view of existing research on the 19th-century choral movement, on musicology and on related disciplines like sociology and history. Considering that multicultural understanding continues to be a challenge in Europe, CLEFNI’s value goes beyond the Swiss borders, providing new knowledge that contributes to understanding how cultural movements like choral singing may lead to multicultural understanding and integration of cultural minorities.

Mots clés : 19th century choral movement, switzerland

Participants :
- University of Bern (Suisse) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 304724.16 €