Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet Mediation (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Mediation is an alternative dispute resolution (ADR) technique. If two or more parties are in disagreement, then they can take the case to a court and let the judge give the final decision. Alternatively, the disputing parties can get the help of an experienced, neutral third party (i.e., the mediator) who facilitates a negotiation and help the disagreeing parties reach an agreement short of litigation. The mediation process is private and confidential, possibly enforced by law (European Mediation Directive 2008). The rising popularity of mediation can be explained by the increasing workload of courts, by the fact that mediation is less costly than litigation, and by the desire of some control over the final decision. This proposed project aims to make a state-of-the-art economic analysis of mediation in civil and commercial matters. The main motivation behind this project is to determine optimal strategies and methods for eliminating the inefficiencies that possibly arise in mediation practices.

Mots clés : game theory, mediation, alternative dispute resolution, negotiation, mechanism design, cheap talk

Participants :
- Harvard University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Sabancı University (Turquie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 251053.2 €
Projet MegaBiCycle (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Megafauna play an important role in carbon cycling and fluxes of greenhouse gases. Through consumption and excretion of biomass, megafauna accelerate nutrient cycling, increasing plant productivity and influencing soil greenhouse gas fluxes. Megafauna also emit methane when digesting plants through fermentation. Consequently, megafauna can have wide-ranging impacts on ecosystem functioning and climate. However, methodological limitations in dynamic global vegetation models and research gaps in megafauna ecology hamper our ability to assess these impacts. These gaps include: (i) a limited representation of megafauna in vegetation models; (ii) a lack of large-scale, long-term studies detailing the influence of megafauna on nutrient cycling and greenhouse gas fluxes; (iii) insufficient knowledge on how the current loss and introduction of megafauna is affecting ecosystems and their services. This project will address these research gaps by first developing a new classification of the effects of megafauna across biomes for present and late Quaternary species. This classification will then be used to simulate megafauna-ecosystem interactions in a dynamic global vegetation model (ORCHIDEE). This new tool will allow to test hypothesis on the effect of past and present changes in megafauna populations on a) plant primary productivity and carbon cycling and b) methane and nitrous oxide fluxes. The proposed project has the potential to greatly advance our understanding of the connection between climate, biosphere, and megafauna. The results will have implication for climate policy and conservation. Strong contributions to climate modelling, ecology, and paleoecology are to be expected. The candidate’s experience in megafauna-ecosystem interactions and ecological modelling, coupled with the host's expertise in climate and vegetation model will provide new insights into the role of megafauna in past, present, and near future global changes in climate and ecosystems.

Mots clés : vegetation modelling, dgvm, plant animal interactions, megaherbivores, large herbivores, mass, extinctions, nutrient cycling, late pleistocene, late quaternary, carbon cycle, methane

Participants :
- Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 184707.84 €
Projet DIRECT-DSB (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Meiosis is a specialized cell division process for producing gametes, and meiotic defects frequently cause infertility or birth defects (e.g. Down syndrome). Successful meiosis is ensured by the induction of hundreds of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) at the correct chromatin sites. The pattern of DSBs is suggested to be controlled by some special chromatin features that are established upon transcription. However, as transcription is essential for life, it is difficult to directly study whether and how transcription influences DSB patterning during meiosis in common model organisms. The unicellular protist Tetrahymena thermophila has two nuclei and, importantly, transcription can be shut off in the meiotic nucleus without affecting meiotic progression. Therefore, the DIRECT-DSB project was designed to overcome the intrinsic limitations of other model systems by investigating the impact of transcription on DSB patterning in Tetrahymena. Through in-depth collaborations with the host supervisor, who has a profound knowledge of chromatin biology, and with other leading researchers with expertise in meiosis, I will first characterize and compare DSB patterns and chromatin features in the presence and absence of transcription and then study potential correlations between DSB pattern alterations and transcription-induced chromatin alterations. The successful accomplishment of the project will (i) clarify the relationship between transcription and DSB patterning, which has been a much-debated topic in the meiosis field for many years; (ii) deepen our understanding of meiosis, which, in the longer term, may contribute to solving the problem of increasing infertility rates in the European Union and elsewhere; (iii) enable knowledge exchange and dissemination, and the establishment of novel methods; and (iv) help me to develop into a leading independent scholar by improving my research proficiency and transferable skills.

Mots clés : meiosis, dna double strand breaks, transcription, ciliate, tetrahymena

Participants :
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 196707.84 €
Projet GENESIS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Membrane fusion is essential for many physiological and pathological processes: infection of enveloped viruses, fertilization, intracellular trafficking of vesicles and in some cases of organogenesis. These processes are mediated by specific proteins called fusogens. Fusexins are fusogens that are essential for sexual reproduction and exoplasmic merger of plasma membranes in protists, plants, invertebrates and class II enveloped viruses. The main goal of my project is to characterize the least understood class of membrane fusion: cell-cell fusion processes within the phylum Chordata mediated by proteins from the Fusexin superfamily. I will evaluate whether proteins from mouse gametes with predicted structural similarities to Fusexins fulfill the two criteria to be considered fusogens (i.e. necessity and sufficiency for membrane fusion). In parallel, I will elucidate the mechanisms of action of the amphioxus Br-FF-1 proteins, the first Fusexins described in Chordata. The project involves both high risk and feasible objectives, employing assays that are well established in the Podbilewicz lab as well as the development of new techniques (including in vitro fertilization assays, fusion in heterologous cells, pseudotyping of viruses and virus-cell infection). I expect that results obtained will shed light on the evolution of the Fusexin superfamily that maps to the beginning of the eukaryotic cells and enveloped viruses, and thoroughly characterize the mechanisms of action of cell-cell fusogens. My proposal has the potential to lead to breakthroughs in understanding and manipulating membrane fusion in sexual reproduction, organ development, diseases and tissue repair.

Mots clés : fusion, fertilization, sperm, membranes

Participants :
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology (Israël) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 173464.32 €
Projet MemCHAPS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Membrane proteins constitute about 30 % of the eukaryotic proteome and are involved in crucial processes such as transporting molecules across membranes, mediating intracellular trafficking and functioning as signalling receptors. Most membrane proteins of varied topologies and functions are assembled in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). While a lot is known about the protein quality control machinery in the ER, most studies have focussed on soluble lumenal proteins or domains that are accessible to the soluble ER chaperones. The complex transmembrane domains however, require assistance within the lipid bilayer. The underlying mechanism of how membrane proteins are correctly folded and assembled, remains unclear. The main goal of my project is to identify intramembrane chaperones involved in folding of membrane proteins. I plan to use ABC transporter proteins as a paradigm for multi-spanning membrane proteins with complex topologies. Using proximity-dependent biotin identification, I will screen for membrane proteins in the ER that interact with the ABC transporters. Gene silencing using CRISPR-Cas9 will demonstrate whether the interaction has a functional relevance for the stability and assembly of the ABC transporter. Building on this analysis, I plan to determine the influence of the identified chaperones by employing various biochemical techniques. My work will not only identify novel intramembrane chaperones, but will also add a spatio-temporal resolution in dissecting assisted folding of membrane proteins. A comprehensive understanding of intramembrane chaperoning will have highly relevant implications for pharmaceutical industries and will provide a basis for more selective therapeutic interventions against many membrane protein-misfolding diseases.

Mots clés : intramembrane chaperones, endoplasmic reticulum, multi spanning membrane proteins, co translational protein folding, abc transporters

Participants :
- Utrecht University (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 177598.8 €
Projet MemoMCI (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Memory for unique personal experiences (episodic memory) is critical to daily life functioning. This form of long-term memory also displays the largest degree of age-related decline. This condition is accelerated in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), which is often the precursor for emerging Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Since AD produces tremendous chronic burdens on individuals, families and health care systems around the world, the development of effective therapeutic interventions to prevent or delay AD is an urgent international priority. Noninvasive brain stimulation with transcranial direct current (tDCS) has demonstrated efficacy in enhancing long-term memory in healthy human subjects. In addition, reactivation of consolidated memories triggers reconsolidation, a time-limited period during which existing memories can be strengthened. Recent reconsolidation studies in healthy young and older adults have shown that noninvasive stimulation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) significantly strengthens existing verbal episodic memories. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, I test the hypothesis that facilitatory tDCS over the PFC will strengthen existing verbal memories through reconsolidation in individuals with aMCI. In addition, I will determine specific biomarkers to help identify individuals who benefit the most from this tDCS intervention based on variations in brain structure or presence of genetic polymorphisms. These data will provide preliminary information that is crucial for the design of multicentre, longitudinal, placebo-controlled clinical trials, which are needed to validate this novel experimental intervention. This fellowship will provide me with the training in neurorehabilitation, the possibility to learn new skills (neuroimaging and genetics) through secondments, and the opportunity to build the interdisciplinary collaborations I need to become an independent and successful scientist in the field of neuroplasticity.

Mots clés : learning and memory, reconsolidation, memory enhancement, prefrontal cortex, noninvasive brain stimulation, mild cognitive impairment

Participants :
- Casa di cura privata del policlinico s.p.a (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 168277.2 €
Projet Finite Memory (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Memory limitations lie at the core of how agents store past information and make decisions. For example, consider a buyer choosing between two alternative brands of a good. In thinking about a brand, she may recall her past experiences, product reviews, or expert’s ratings, which induce a belief about the brand’s quality. In this process, the buyer may divide the quality scale into finitely many categories such as high, medium, and low. Then, she may switch from one brand to another only if her belief about a brand’s quality moves from one category to another. Although memory limitations in the form of finite memory naturally arise in many facets of economic life, formal economic models that incorporate the finite memory restriction are rather limited. The aim of this project is to understand the implications of finite memory for dynamic decision problems in both choice theoretical and strategic economic contexts. These implications are significant to reach out a wide range of objectives such as obtaining better predictions of consumer’s choices, unravelling the observed equilibrium behaviour, and regulating markets as to maximize social welfare. In addition, the results to be obtained can provide new explanations for observed economic phenomena such as limited attention and price stickiness. The outgoing phase of this GF project is divided into two parts. This first part of the project aims at addressing a fundamental problem to expedite the use of finite memory model in economic applications. In the second part, I aim to examine how strategic pricing aspects of a dynamic duopoly (oligopoly) model. The goal in here is to incorporate memory limitations in the form of finite memory into a fundamental economic problem, and identify its effects.This GF project will be carried out in Princeton University under the supervision of Prof. Faruk Gul. I will then return to Bilkent University to improve my results for 12 months under the supervision of Prof. Semih Koray.

Mots clés : learning with finite memory, random choice, limited attention, strategic pricing, multi armed bandits

Participants :
- Bilkent University (Turquie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 237943.68 €
- Princeton University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet IMMUNE-GENEMEMO (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Memory of gene expression states is essential for development and maintenance of tissues. Chromatin, a protein DNA complex, is implicated in the process. Local, chromatin feedback loops are involved in maintenance of gene silencing, but analogous mechanisms for preservation of active states are unknown. In order to reveal feedback loops for active gene expression states it is crucial to uncouple them from ongoing transcription, as it occurs in the case of maintenance of silent states. Such partition takes place during trained immunity – memory of the innate immune system. A key paradigm is interferon gamma (IFNγ) stimulation. While IFNγ induces many genes, a subset of those is maintained in a poised, inactive state that allows for rapid re-activation at a later time – an event called transcriptional memory. In my ongoing research I have discovered novel genes that show strong transcriptional memory of prior IFNγ activation and have obtained initial mechanistic insights into the role of chromatin in the process. Importantly, I discovered that memory results in a larger proportion of cells expressing the target gene. This forms the basis of a cell sorting, high throughput assay that I have developed. I am now in a unique position to capitalize on those discoveries and tools. I aim to identify novel transcriptional memory maintenance factors in human cells using an unbiased approach based on an efficient cell selection strategy combined with genome wide, CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis protocols. Secondly I wish to establish the function of the identified components in the stability of dendritic cells identity after differentiation form monocytes. The multidisciplinary and unique perspective of this project: combining gene expression analysis and selection strategies with immunological expertise will advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying maintenance of gene expression states and contribute to the development of new immune therapies and vaccines.

Mots clés : transcriptional memory, trained immunity, ifn  signalling, crispr cas9 genetic screen, fluorescence activated cell sorting, degron system, monocyte, dendritic cell

Participants :
- University of Gdańsk (Pologne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 252078.72 €
- The general hospital corporation (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Autres, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet RISE-WELL (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Doctoral Networks - Industrial Doctorates
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Mental health and emotional well-being during old age (60+) should be regarded as important as at any other time of a persons’ life. Older people are more likely to experience events that affect emotional well-being, such as bereavement or disability. Unfortunately, mental health problems are under identified in older people, whom themselves are also less likely to seek help as compared to other people in the population. It is estimated that over the next 30 years, the proportion of elderly people (aged 60 or above) is estimated to increase from 12% to 22%. This would mean that there is expected to be 2 billion people of 60+ by 2050 in absolute terms. Older people are confronted with a variety of physical and mental health challenges and unfortunately these are not always, if indeed at all, thoroughly addressed. If we only focus on the mental health issues, then more than 20% of adults aged 60+ suffer from a mental disorder and 6.6% of all disabilities that occur is attributed to those same disorders. The disability caused by mental disorders account for 17.4% of a persons' living years. The assessment of our elderly population, with respect to mental health, therefore requires an understanding of the full spectrum of the mental health continuum, and not to categorise everything into a ‘neurological disease’ or ‘dementia’ category. In particular, we would need to dissect the complex interaction between specific medical conditions, mental stress as part of the ageing process and social circumstances. To be able to offer effective support to tacking this issue, our project aims to carry out three important objectives: a) to implement novel scientific and technological innovations, including strengthening of information systems, b) to initiate care strategies for the short-term, including lifestyle interventions and promotions, to improving the quality of life of older people and c) to build a sustainable long-term infrastructure for elderly care.

Mots clés : elderly, mental health, sensors, quality of life, well being

Participants :
- Tecobiosciences gmbh (Allemagne) — Partner, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 252788.4 €
- Percuros (Netherlands) (Pays-Bas) — Partner, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 265619.88 €
- Technical University of Zvolen (Slovaquie) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 466493.76 €
- Leiden University Medical Center (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 531239.76 €
- Innoso bv (Pays-Bas) — Partner, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 265619.88 €
- Newcastle University (Royaume-Uni) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 606345.12 €
- Northumbria University (Royaume-Uni) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 303172.56 €
Projet MENHIR (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Staff Exchanges
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Mental health is an essential component of health; however depression and anxiety are common disorders across the European Union. Many people may be described as “living with” a mental illness, and managing their own symptoms. However, they are often unsure of the thresholds for treatment, how to control their mental health, what are the best coping strategies or which resources are available to them. Conversational systems may facilitate watchful waiting and symptom monitoring, by initiating contact and symptom checking at various times of the day and night. The MENHIR project aims to research and develop conversational technologies to promote mental health and assist people with mental ill health (depression and anxiety) to manage their conditions. The participants will exchange and share their expertise toward this common objective, building a network for exchanging ideas and knowledge between Spain, Germany, Italy and United Kingdom, including academic, non-profit organizations and companies.

Mots clés : mental health, depression, anxiety, mood, conversational systems, dialogue systems, chatbots, acoustic analysis, emotion recognition, wellbeing

Participants :
- University of Ulm (Allemagne) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 73600.0 €
- University of Granada (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 78200.0 €
- University of Ulster (Royaume-Uni) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 69000.0 €
- Intelligent voice limited (Royaume-Uni) — Partner, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 147200.0 €
- University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (Italie) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 92000.0 €
- Action mental health (Royaume-Uni) — Partner, beneficiary, Autres, subvention : 50600.0 €
- University of the Basque Country (Espagne) — Partner, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 105800.0 €
- Globit-globale informationstechnikgmbh (Allemagne) — Partner, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 133400.0 €