Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ISLand (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The proposed research presents an experimental and completely novel investigation within the historical archaeology, applied to isolated contexts. The main objective of ISLand is to provide a new way of thinking about human interactions within colonial empires and bringing colonial studies into dialogue with medical history and the emerging concept of healthscaping. It seeks to do so by studying quarantine facilities in the Indian Ocean World during the long nineteenth century, a crucial period for the history of European empires in that region and a flashpoint for the conceptualization of modern public health. Quarantine, traditionally viewed as merely a mechanism for the control of disease, will be analyzed as the outward material response to important changes taking place socially, ecologically, and politically at the time. The project is a part of an international, interdisciplinary effort, combining history, archaeology, and anthropology. The researcher will tap numerous archival sources and archaeological data from selected sites, examine them through social and spatial analysis, and systematically analyze a test case in Mauritius through the most innovative methods that target landscape and standing archaeology. The broader impacts of ISLand have relevance for current European approaches to the migration crisis, where the threat of disease has been ignited as a potentially debilitating consequence of immigration from extra-European countries. The training-through-research project at the Stanford University, the top institution where acquiring knowledge and skills in historical archaeology, will allow the applicant to develop into a position of professional maturity with a specific interdisciplinary set of skills. With the support of the host institutions in EU, the researcher will promote historical archaeology in European academy, stimulating new approaches in usual archaeological research and an interdisciplinary approach with cultural anthropology.

Mots clés : quarantine, mauritian archaeology, indian ocean world, healthscaping, segregation and isolation

Participants :
- Stanford University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- University of Amsterdam (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 253052.16 €
Projet ICAPEH (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The proposed research project integrates acculturation theory and the contact hypothesis to form a new strategy to promote positive intergroup relations among British Muslims and Anglo-Britons. This project will be the first of its kind and a timely one, considering the escalating ethnic tensions between the two groups. The primary aims of this research project are to: i) gather much-needed and current baseline British data on the acculturation orientation, level of contact, and intergroup attitudes among high school Muslim and Anglo British students; ii) develop, implement an experimental design, and longitudinally evaluate an acculturation-contact strategy to promote intergroup harmony between high school Muslim and Anglo British students; iii) empirically determine whether the extent of the acculturation-contact strategy effects on intergroup relationships vary by group status (Muslims vs. Britons) and gender; and iv) empirically identify and contrast possible mediators of the acculturation-contact strategy effects on intergroup relationships to understand the mechanism through which the strategy works. The novelty of this timely project lies in its careful integration of a strong acculturation-contact conceptual framework and the adoption of a strong longitudinal experimental design to promote British Muslims and Anglo-Britons’ harmony. This project will achieve this goal by (1) integrating two leading conceptual frameworks, Acculturation Theory and the Contact Hypothesis, that have not been put together conceptually and empirically so far; (2) implementing vital recommendations made for the best practice framework for the conduct of contact research; (3) introducing e-technology to strengthen students' Integrationist endorsement; and (4) providing applied cultural psychologists with a way forward that fosters the required cultural skills in Muslims and Anglo-Britons to endorse Integrationist views and to smoothly develop into multicultural citizens.

Mots clés : integration, virtual contact, e contact, harmony, iintergroup relations

Participants :
- University of Sussex (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet MaRiA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The proposed work will investigate the regulation of pro-resolving lipid mediators (LM) by pathobionts and dysbiotic microbiota in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is a chronic inflammatory disease with considerable socioeconomic impact. Most treatment options carry severe side effects including immunosuppression. Recent studies found associations between RA and dysbiosis of the microbiota, with the underlying mechanisms leading to this dysbiosis remaining of interest. In addition, I recently found that in both mice during pathobiont-driven inflammatory arthritis and in plasma from patients with RA the levels of a novel family of host protective LM, termed n-3 docosapentaenoic acid-derived Resolvins (RvDn-3 DPA), were significantly altered. The novel hypothesis of this action is that pathobionts and pathobiont-induced gut-dysbiosis trigger local inflammatory responses and impair the production of RvDn-3 DPA, resulting in exacerbation and chronicity of local inflammation. This novel hypothesis will be addressed using a multi-pronged approach to: 1) Characterise the role of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella copri in regulating RvDn-3 DPA, local inflammation and their effects on intestinal microbiota and gut barrier function. 2) Assess the regulation of inflammatory arthritis and RvDn-3 DPA by RA patients’ microbiota. 3) Establish the protective actions of RvDn-3 DPA in pathobiont-driven inflammatory arthritis. This will provide insights into mechanisms of pathobiont- and dysbiotic microbiota-triggered arthritic inflammation, the regulation of tissue LM profiles and identify potential novel diagnostic markers for early RA-detection. In addition, this work will establish the therapeutic potential of RvDn-3 DPA in regulating exacerbated inflammation and dysbiosis in inflammatory arthritis, providing novel therapeutic opportunities for RA treatment.

Mots clés : microbiota, resolvins, rheumatoid arthritis, omega 3, specialized pro resolving mediators, lipid mediators, lipid mediator profiling

Participants :
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet TypoArabic (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The proposed, multi-disciplinary research will reveal best practice in Arabic typography, filling a current knowledge gap, and will culminate in publication of a guide to Arabic typography which draws on historical precedent. The researcher will investigate best practice from the 1840s to the 1910s, an era which represents a high point in Arabic typography, which was subsequently obscured by mechanisation. In this key period, Middle Eastern printers, versed in the customs of a sophisticated manuscript culture successfully adopted Western typesetting technology to give birth to Arabic print culture. Using archival sources, found in major research libraries and collections, the researcher will investigate printed items for their materiality, strategies in the structuring of information, and patterns of typographic design. High-resolution imaging tools and digital reconstruction techniques will be used to analyse specificities of Arabic design for reading, conventions of different textual genres, and micro-typographic considerations relating to legibility and craft. From this basis of historical research, and scientific excellence, the researcher will apply a practitioner’s lens, extending new knowledge beyond academic discourse. Through the engagement of professional peers, higher education, and the IT industry, he will involve potential end users of the research findings, and initiate a two-way exchange of knowledge. The project will contribute substantially to: an evolving typographic practice that currently lacks a discursive component; design course curricula worldwide; and to advancing Arabic text composition on digital devices. It will use diverse communication channels – the guide directed at peers and students; journal articles that contribute to academic discourse; conference presentations targeting industry; a blog and social media activities that reach out to the wider public – to engage a multitude of potential users and maximise this project’s reach.

Mots clés : arabic typography printing design reading craft ottoman middle east multilingual script communication

Participants :
- University of Reading (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 337400.64 €
Projet DMandEFT (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The question about the nature of dark matter is central in modern physics. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the possibility of a dark matter with mass between the keV and the GeV, whose search requires novel detection techniques, and signatures involving low energy collective excitations. I propose to apply the recently developed effective field theories for condensed matter to study the interaction between light dark matter and the collective excitations of the detector. In particular, I propose to investigate possible two-dimensional detectors via two new signatures: the excitation of out-of-plane phonons and of electron density waves due to the interaction with dark matter. The effective field theory approach to condensed matter has the advantage of being independent on the complicated details of the microscopic physics, and of being formulated in a quantum field theory language, a framework very familiar to particle physicists. For these reasons, the present proposals has the potential of addressing a key question in modern physics, while bridging the gap between the high energy nature of the question about dark matter and the condensed matter issues related to its detectability. If accepted, the program will be carried out at New York University (NYU) for the first two years, and at Sapienza University of Rome for the third one. These institutions are perfectly complementary for what concerns the successful implementation of the program. NYU hosts world leading experts in dark matter model building and phenomenology, while Sapienza hosts a research program in the design and realization of detectors for light dark matter that is at the forefront the international research on the topic. The interaction with the two research groups will allow me to develop a rather unique profile, providing me with all the necessary expertise to become a central figure in the light dark matter community and contribute to the advancement of the field.

Mots clés : sub gev dark matter, direct detection, low threshold detector, effective field theories, collective excitations

Participants :
- New York University (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
- Sapienza University of Rome (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 251002.56 €
Projet ESCAPE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The question of whether or not there is life elsewhere in the Universe has recently taken a giant leap forward with the detection of several nearby Earth-sized, temperate exoplanets. Future ground and space-based telescopes such as the European-Extremely Large Telescope, the James Webb Space Telescope and LUVOIR will theoretically be able to perform the first characterization of the atmosphere of these potentially habitable planets. Yet, the implementation of these telescopes is either risky, far in the future, or both. The ESCAPE project aims to investigate possible shortcuts for the characterization of the atmospheres of Earth-like exoplanets with existing ground and space-based telescopes, thanks to innovative combinations of observing techniques and instruments. The first objective is to investigate the possibility to detect and characterize an atmosphere around the recently discovered planet Proxima b – the closest exoplanet from us – with the high-contrast/high-resolution technique, using an adaptive optics system coupled to a high-resolution spectrograph on the Very Large Telescope. The second objective of the project is to calculate whether or not the signature (absorption lines) of a thick hydrogen/helium envelope around a habitable planet can be detected by (i) the Hubble Space Telescope and/or (ii) high-precision spectrographs mounted on ground-based telescopes. The general strategy is to use a sophisticated Global Climate Model – previously co-developed and used by the fellow – in combination with numerical models of exoplanet’s observability – developed at the University of Geneva, the host institution – to assess the possibility to make the first observations of potentially habitable planets. This project will provide pathfinder results that will further be used (1) to propose original observations of Earth-like exoplanets with existing telescopes and (2) to influence the development of the next generation of giant telescopes and their instruments.

Mots clés : exoplanet atmosphere, exoplanet observations, transit spectroscopy, direct imaging, global climate model, habitability

Participants :
- University of Geneva (Suisse) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 191149.44 €
Projet URMAC (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The question that animates my research is: what are the reasons behind the continuous presence and, in some cases, enhanced visibility and electoral success, of the ultra-right in Europe? In an attempt to address this question, the research focuses on the media and communication strategies of the ultra-right, with the intent of understanding whether, and if so, how, those strategies have played a role in the mobilization and normalization of anti-immigrant, anti-Islamic and, in some cases, openly fascist sentiments. URMAC proposes a holistic framework to bridge the gap between critical media scholarship and social movements scholarship and implements a multi-layered methodological design for data collection in order to provide rich data on the ultra-right media and communication strategies in the United Kingdom and Italy. The research takes a case study approach and focuses on four ultra-right groups (two per each country), selected for their significance and visibility. The methodology includes quantitative (content analysis of mainstream media coverage of the ultra-right in the two countries) as well as qualitative/interpretative methodologies (critical discourse analysis, observations of ultra-right social movements activities, and interviews with key actors). Research results will be disseminated to various audience, including academics, general public and politicians, news organizations, and students. Once completed, the research will offer a wealth of information and analysis that might be applicable to the study of the ultra-right in other national settings.

Mots clés : ultra right social movements media and communication, alternative media

Participants :
- Loughborough University (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet PERS-RELICT-CLIM (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The rapid change in the Earth’s climate is predicted to disrupt the conditions which determine the distribution of tree species, with the most dramatic impacts at species range edges. At the trailing-range edge, empirical knowledge of the structure and performance of populations is very limited despite its essential importance for accurate prediction of species distribution and conservation of species diversity. Here, I hypothesize that the trailing-range edge is partly comprised of a relict structure of populations that can stabilize the range-edge of tree species. Through trait-based ecology and combining field, experimental and molecular approaches I aim to disentangle (1) the habitat, functional, genetic and demographic structure of trailing-range edge populations; (2) the mechanisms of local adaptation in early life stages; and (3) the associations between functional traits, demographic performance, habitat conditions and the relict status of populations. PERS-RELICT-CLIM is the first project designed to gain a complete understanding of trailing-range edge structure and functioning and potential of populations for persistence under global climate change.

Mots clés : climate change, functional traits, genetic diversity, drought, local adaptation, persistence, relict populations, trailing range edge

Participants :
- University of Stirling (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet STSAW (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The rapid development of not only optoelectronics and electrical signal processing for information and communication technologies, but also fundamental/applied science for nanometrology and nanoimaging, requires monitoring coherent surface acoustic waves (SAWs) with deeply sub-optical localization depths in the currently unexplored frequency range of 100 GHz - 1 THz. While bulk acoustic waves can be monitored up to THz frequencies by ultrafast lasers in superlattices (SLs) with nanometer periodicity, the highest SAW frequencies recorded in metallic gratings deposited on surfaces lie below 100 GHz. The use of SLs cleaved along their growth direction for optical SAW excitation has been proposed though not achieved experimentally. The goal of this project is to demonstrate, for the first time, optical monitoring of sub-THz SAWs (STSAWs) by developing original optoacoustic (OA) and acousto-optic (AO) transducers based on such cleaved SLs and an efficient non-thermoelastic OA conversion. Dedicated numerical modeling will optimize the SL design (dispersion characteristics, OA/AO conversion efficiencies) for STSAW propagation, generation and detection. The atomic-precision fabrication of SLs and use of advanced ultrafast pump-probe laser techniques will fulfill this objective. STSAW interactions with charge carriers and 2D materials will be showcased. The project relies on complementarity and knowledge transfer between applicant (numerical modeling, coherent acoustics control) and host institution (SAW theory, laser monitoring of SAWs); it will expand the applicant's experience and skills, shaping the applicant’s career as an independent researcher. Results will be disseminated via networking, conferences and peer-reviewed publications. This project will greatly enhance Europe's technological competitiveness by pioneering controllable STSAWs and providing a platform to explore the fundamentals of OA/AO conversions at picosecond temporal scale and nanometer spatial scale.

Mots clés : surface acoustic waves, picosecond laser ultrasonics, superlattice, light matter interactions, optoacoustic and acousto optic transducers

Participants :
- Le Mans Université (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 196707.84 €
Projet FERROENERGY (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Physics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The rapid development of the semiconductor-based technology has enabled today’s functionalities and convenience that seemed impossible just a generation ago. Today, we rely upon numerous electronic devices that are pervasive around us to augment, accelerate, and alleviate countless tasks. In order to maintain the current (and desired) technological progression into the future, and to make this progress sustainable for the next generation, the performance of these devices must be improved in a more energy-efficient way. Complex oxides – a family of materials displaying a vast diversity of physical properties – are a promising alternative for creating the superior technologies that could ensure this extended progress. Despite their promise, the two main obstacles currently impeding their implementation are 1) continued lack of a complete understanding of the microscopic phenomena governing the properties and 2) the difficulty in integrating such materials with existing processes in the semiconductor industry. This Action exploits a novel fabrication process, inspired by the manipulation of single atomic layers such as graphene, but applied in a completely new way: to produce macroscopically large freestanding oxide thin films. Such films present a system free of substrate clamping and ideal to explore and optimize the intrinsic functionalities of these materials. In the first stage of the action, freestanding ferroelectric oxide films will be studied, thereby paving the way for implementation of the second stage in which these films will be integrated with semiconductor and flexible substrates for the development of energy conversion microelectronic devices. Once the objectives of this Action are achieved, a long awaited route to improve the current semiconductor technology via prototypical integration of complex oxides will be demonstrated. This multidisciplinary experimental action will be developed at two top level research institutions in United States and Spain.


Participants :
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 257191.2 €
- University of California System (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €