Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet WhereWolf (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The resurgence of the gray wolf in Europe and its re-emergence in northern Europe, including Denmark, makes this an ideal time to study the wolf populations and their relationships to dogs. The evolutionary relationship between wolves and dogs is an area of active research. There are several key questions about dog domestication that remain unanswered, such as whether the dogs were domesticated once or several times, and the location of the domestication event(s). The ability to answer these questions has been hampered by multiple factors such as unavailability of a large number of wolf samples, the poor elucidation of the relationship between the wolf subspecies and the lack of an appropriate wolf reference genome. The resources available at the lab of Prof. Tom Gilbert at the Center for GeoGenetics in the University of Copenhagen will let me handle all these concerns effectively. As parts of several ongoing efforts, Prof. Gilbert has sequenced the genomes of a large number of wolves sampled from across the globe. Combining this resource with publicly available wolf and dog genome sequences and ancient canid genome sequences (currently being processed by the Gilbert lab in collaboration with Prof. Greger Larsen, University of Oxford), will allow me to address three aspects of canid evolutionary and population genetics: 1) the relationship between the different wolf subspecies, 2) the dog domestication event and its location and 3) the extent of fine scale local gene flow between dogs and wolves. Incorporation of the ancient samples along with the availability of a large number of sequenced canids will also let us answer questions about adaptive introgression from local wolves and will allow us to reconstruct the genome of the wolf that is ancestral to all dogs. The large-scale sampling and incorporation of ancient canids will shed new light on the evolutionary history of the canids. The findings of the project will be useful in the management of wolves in Europe.

Mots clés : wolf population history, canid phylogenetics, dog domestication location and timing, gene flow between wolves and dogs, adaptive introgression in dogs

Participants :
- University of Copenhagen (Danemark) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 200194.8 €
Projet AUGMENTED-HUMANS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : SIGNED

The rise of artificial intelligence is driving the fourth industrial revolution and is steadily disrupting traditional business models, workplace practices and performance management. Despite the astonishing rate of progress with AI technology, problems and challenges in the current business environment cannot be solved by machines alone and require robust human-machine hybrid solutions; however these are still largely experimental with limited business adoption . A further challenge is that European business investment in AI applications has been sub-optimal due to limited capability and know-how and this has just recently been identified by the EU Commission as a key focus area for co-ordinated action and investment . This proposal highlights a key opportunity to take a human-centred approach to building AI applications that incorporate game-based technologies that have shown great empirical and anecdotal promise in creating AI applications that drive business innovation. To address the challenges of the efficacy of human-machine interactions and AI adoption, in Augmented-Humans I will investigate how we can use game-based technologies (games, gamification, virtual and augmented reality) as mediators of engaging interactions and problem solving between human and machine that generate data, develop insights, facilitate business problem solving, and aid both human and machine learning. The outputs of this project will include the development of reusable game-based technology toolkits and applications for (a) Business systems for end-user engagement, stakeholder collaboration and robust decision support systems, (b) AI engineering and data science in utilising game-based technologies for data generation, machine learning, and developing human-machine collaboration systems for problem solving (e.g. ‘citizen science’ games), and (c) Public engagement applications that engage the public with AI meta issues of usability, awareness, trust and participation.

Mots clés : artificial intelligence, design, participatory design, game based technology, collaboration, co creation

Participants :
- Tampere University (Finlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 202680.96 €
Projet DHLab (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The rise of digital humanities labs has provoked new research questions, yet not present in the humanities, about knowledge production intertwined with technologies and the infrastructural influences on humanistic work. To this end, I propose to conduct a novel ethnographic study of digital humanists at work, combined with a critical analysis of local infrastructure. The research has three main objectives: 1) the epistemological goal is to develop a new theoretical framework for examining a laboratory in Digital Humanities (DH) drawing on Science and Technology Studies and Knowledge Infrastructures; 2) the methodological task aims at integrating laboratory ethnography and the ethnography of infrastructure to build a new toolset for studying the intertwining of human organisation and infrastructure; and 3) the central work package focuses on investigating DH knowledge creation based on two case studies: King’s Digital Lab and the Cambridge Digital Humanities Lab. The case studies will provide comprehensive and comparative knowledge of DH organisational systems and practices. The study will be based on the observation of, and interviews with, participants involved in the labs, the analysis of written documents, and the analysis of digital communications. This project comes at a key moment, one at which, it is necessary to examine the impact of socio-material assemblages on the process of knowledge production in order to improve the research infrastructure. I shall expand the emerging area of Critical Infrastructure Studies through contributions to the body of theoretical work and the formation of a Critical Infrastructure Reading Group at King’s College London. This project will establish me as a leader in the critical studies of space and organisational structures associated with humanistic research. In addition, I will receive training in the applied DH and ethnographic methods, which will give me new competencies and enhance my ‘digital humanist’ profile.

Mots clés : digital humanities, infrastructure, laboratory, knowledge production, technology, science and technology studies, social practices, collaboration, laboratory ethnography, ethnography of infrastructure

Participants :
- University of London (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 224933.76 €
Projet PaTreME (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2018)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The role of plants in the global methane (CH4) cycle remains poorly understood. Plants can emit CH4 from aerobic methane production (AMP), microbial methanogenesis within plants (MMP), and the export soil methane (SM) via plant tissues. These plants-associated CH4 emissions may be quantitatively significant (15-65% of all natural CH4 emissions) but remain poorly constrained. So far, field studies have only quantified the sum of all these plant-atmosphere CH4 fluxes, limiting the degree to which each process can be mathematically described and incorporated into CH4 budgets and models. I am an experienced stable isotope biogeochemist. The MSCA fellowship will allow me to work a world leading group focused on the measurement and modeling of plant-atmosphere trace gas fluxes. Together, we will (a) develop a method to separately quantify AMP, MMP, and SM emissions from plants based on the CH4 isotope values (δ13C, δ2H, and Δ14C) and methanol co-emissions (MeOH:CH4), and (b) apply this method to methane emissions from boreal forest trees at the SMEAR II research site in Southern Finland. Reaching these goals will require (1) adapting stem and shoot enclosure chambers to collect CH4 for offline analysis; (2) identifying characteristic CH4 isotope and MeOH:CH4 values of AMP, MMP, and SM; (3) measuring isotope and MeOH:CH4 values of plant CH4 emissions at SMEAR II, and (4) developing a Bayesian petitioning model for plant CH4 emissions.

Mots clés : methane cycle, isotope biogeochemistry, plant methane emissions

Participants :
- University of Helsinki (Finlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 202680.96 €
Projet MAXWELL (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Economic Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The science of climate change demands radical long-term reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In supporting this, EU policy is committed to develop a low-carbon future by 2050 . Key to meeting this target is the contribution of energy and both analysis and policy development have been prioritised. The central planks of mitigation practices globally include technological change and efficiency. It is widely acknowledged that the challenge of mitigation fundamentally requires more , as emissions are dependent on the wider development path and underlying driving forces. Within these concepts exists not only the challenge of more complex analysis, but the opportunity of new ways to reduce energy consumption. A neglected but promising option is to look at the social structures underlying material consumption. The perception of mitigation policy is of cost and loss, but there is potential to deliver mitigation while improving peoples´ lives, to maximise wellbeing and minimise emissions. This study will backcast scenarios of social wellbeing in a low-carbon Europe of 2050 and how to achieve transition. It begins with the contested links between wellbeing and material consumption. The study is a first, adopting interdisciplinary alternative perspectives rather than a unifying theory. These perspectives will be used to develop an original contribution, different visions of desired social wellbeing in the EU of 2050. The energy implications of social scenarios entailing lower material consumption are unknown, this study is original in quantifying their contribution. An innovation follows by backcasting transition through European policy towards scenarios of future wellbeing and reduced emissions. The proposed study is novel and highly innovative addressing priority gaps in knowledge. It dovetails important contributions to energy research and European society and policy with development of the researchers´ career and shared benefits for the host institution.

Mots clés : wellbeing, consumption, scenarios, energy, low carbon

Participants :
- University of Turku (Finlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 179325.6 €
Projet HYPTEMPCELL (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The scientific aim of the project is to explore a new concept of magnetic hyperthermia treatment for cancer that gets closer to the ideal non-invasiveness & no-secondary-effects kind of treatment to become a primary choice for cancer therapy. Instead of the typical approach of massive tumor heating, this project takes the alternative route of local intracellular heating inducing cell apoptosis. For this purpose, the project will develop a new instrument for temperature_imaging-magnetic_induction_heating&microscopy. The temperature imaging system is a complete novelty and it is based on the use of molecular luminescent temperature probes embedded in magnetic and non-magnetic nanoparticles. The probe’s emission microscope image is transformed into high-resolution temperature images. This will be used to model the heat transfer processes inside a cell. Then, the effect of local magnetic heating on cell apoptosis processes will be studied, and the potential of this technique in cancer therapy will be evaluated. The researcher will contribute to the hosting group with his previous experience on synthesis, characterization and physical properties of luminescent, plasmonic and magnetic nanoparticles, and he will benefit with a more application-oriented research experience in the biomedical field, and will develop skills in new scientific areas, especially high-resolution luminescence thermometry, that will help him to set his personal research interests and career. He will also get clinical experience from contact with hospital oncologists. The researcher will be included in an interdisciplinary group with international connections that will widen his knowledge and contacts scope of his scientific career. He will also gain experience in other transversal skills, as he will be directly involved in the managing the project, student supervision, networking, dissemination and communication activities.

Mots clés : nanobiomedicine, magnetic hyperthermia therapy, cancer therapy

Participants :
- Spanish National Research Council (Espagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 158121.6 €
Projet TOXIC-RISK (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Environment and Geosciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

The scientific focus is on the study of hydrogen sulphide outbreaks and their sulphur plumes in the Namibian Benguela upwelling system. They are unique events not found anywhere else in the world oceans with such intensity. These outbreaks influence the Namibian ecosystem, the local fishing industry and the aquaculture farming, a rapidly growing industrial sector, as well as the tourism because of their toxic properties. So far there are only sporadic investigations. No systematic long-term studies and statistical analyses with respect to their frequency, intensity, extension and involved processes were conducted. Therefore, the objective is to study their spatiotemporal variability in relation to dynamical processes such as wind and upwelling conditions, circulation of water masses, productivity and climate indices mainly on the basis of EU satellite archives, coupled physical-biogeochemical models and in-situ data. This supports the initiative of the ESA to monitor coastal zones with upcoming sensors (i.e. SENTINEL-3). The product will be a geo-information system containing their spatiotemporal variability and the affected Namibian coastal areas. Other milestones will be a hazard analysis and a risk assessment for the Namibian fishing and aquaculture industry. All results will be provided to local research institutes which will improve the reusability of the scientific findings and will support the EU relationships to Namibian authorities. The innovative aspect is that the programme will contribute to the understanding and predictability of these toxic events in the studied area as well as potentially in other areas in the EU and outside the EU. This fellowship can be only performed in close collaboration between the supervisor and the experienced researcher as different research methods such as modelling and remote sensing must be combined. This involves a two-way knowledge transfer and training of both applicants which will contribute to the researches career.

Mots clés : toxic hydrogen sulphide outbreaks, sulphur plumes, namibia, benguela upwelling system, coastal ocean, satellite ocean colour  meris sentinel3 modelling  halieutic ressources

Participants :
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 185076.0 €
Projet MID (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Chemistry
Statut du projet : CLOSED

MID will develop and apply a theoretical approach based on information theory to provide a novel representation of the dynamics of single biomolecules and their response to chemical and mechanical stimuli. By integrating the information-theoretic methodology with computational modelling we will elucidate how information is encoded and transduced at the molecular level, with special reference to specific conformational transitions assisting molecular recognition and folding/unfolding dynamics in DNA-ligand complexes. An information-theoretic approach known as surprisal analysis has been initiated for the analysis of selective energy requirements and specific energy disposal of chemical reactions in gas-phase. In this approach, thermodynamic-like state variables are identified from experimental or from simulation data. Following on many other applications in chemistry and physics it has been recently used for the analysis of high throughput biological signalling data. In this proposal, I will advance an analogous framework to treat the dynamics of individual biomolecules. The main outcome will be a compact representation of the dynamics that can handle anharmonic motions, transitions between local minima and long relaxation times. The power of the methodology lies in the development of a thermodynamically consistent theoretical machinery that is applicable at the level of individual molecules and that does not require assumptions about equilibrium. The formalism will be applied in the analysis of molecular dynamics modelling, which will in turn provide mechanistic insights into the dynamics of specific DNA-ligand complexes. The successful implementation of the project relies on the synergy between the expertise of the researcher on theoretical modelling of molecular systems and the expertise of the host Professor who pioneered surprisal analysis and maximum entropy approach for the analysis of chemical reactions and high throughput biological data.

Mots clés : dynamics of biomolecules, single molecule thermodynamics, molecular modelling, conformational transitions, dna based machines, information theoretic approach, surprisal analysis

Participants :
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Israël) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 182509.2 €
Projet RobMin (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

MINFLUX super-resolution microscopy provides a 3D spatial resolution down to 2 nm combined with millisecond temporal resolution in living cells. MINFLUX has the potential of revolutionizing structural cell biology by measuring dynamic functional changes of protein machines. Currently, however, access to MINFLUX is very limited because the implementation of custom-built MINFLUX microscopes is complex, and commercial systems are very expensive. The objective of this proposal is to develop a MINFLUX system with simplified optical scanning systems, which makes the system robust, affordable, and easier to build, to provide increased accessibility to a wider range of researchers. To this end, we aim to replace the 3D scanning systems with a combination of spatial light modulators and fast switching of multiple optical fibers, without compromising its imaging speed and achievable resolution. We will demonstrate the performance of the new MINFLUX system on biological systems to showcase the system capability. The research will take place at the group of Dr. Jonas Ries at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory, a leading group in developing new approaches in single molecule localization microscopy and application in biology. This highly interdisciplinary project will strengthen my expertise in advanced optics, software programming, electronics, and biology. It will have an important impact in the field of structural cell biology by enabling direct measurements of dynamic structural and functional changes of protein machines in living cells. This fellowship will establish me as a recognized researcher in the field and will be the optimal basis to start my own research group.

Mots clés : fluorescence microscopy, super resolution, single molecule localization, minflux

Participants :
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 174806.4 €
Projet MInMUS (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : CLOSED

MInMUS investigates why, how and with what effects City Networks (CNs henceforth) voluntarily mobilise to enhance cities’ capacity to promote innovative approaches to migration governance. It does so by examining four CNs in three multilevel political settings, i.e. the supranational EU system and federalist states of Canada and the United States. The ambition is to make an original and pathbreaking contribution to the theorisation of migration policymaking and of Multilevel Governance (MLG) more generally. To this end, I conceptualise MLG as a specific configuration of policymaking which challenges state-centred hierarchies (vertical dimension) and blurs state–society boundaries (horizontal dimension); yet, contrary to the prevailing normative approach underlying the literature, I adopt a critical perspective on ‘governance’, and I regard it as both the interactive processes that lead to the production and implementation of policy and as the sets of ideas and discourses that policy actors elaborate about these processes (in terms of cooperation, coordination, participation etc). Building on this approach, MInMUS will push forward the boundaries of research on the MLG of migration in three ways: 1) from the theoretical point of view MInMUS will take an actor-centred perspective with the goal of theorizing about the institutional and political mechanisms and factors that account for the emergence of CNs as instances of MLG policy arrangements (‘why’ questions); 2) from the empirical point of view MInMUS will fill a key gap in existing research by investigating how CNs mobilise on migration and with what effects; and 3) from the methodological point of view, MInMUS will provide an innovative and comprehensive approach to the study of CNs and MLG, which combines a comparative research design with the use of both qualitative and quantitative methods.

Mots clés : multilevel governance, city networks, migration policy, urban governance, north america, european union, canada and united states

Participants :
- European University Institute (Italie) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 172477.2 €