Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-actions-marie-curie-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet GATRODI (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2020)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Social Sciences and Humanities
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Gatrodi is an anthropological study of the practices of Odissi dance in India, considered by the Indian government to be the classical dance from the State of Odisha. Though the dance is practiced by male and female individuals from diverse geographical locations and status groups, it is generally male practitioners from rural areas of Odisha who are recognised as its legitimate transmitters. The women, who generally belong to urban backgrounds, are considered to be the performers of the dance. However, while they do not obtain the same recognition as the men, some women are actually transmitting Odissi. But then, how does their teaching differ from that of the men? In order to shed light on this question, the study will investigate on the modalities of transmission of female practitioners in Odissi in India. The methods of inquiry will consist primarily of observation, and also of video and audio recordings of training situations and interviews. These will be undertaken in selective dance schools in Bhubaneswar, capital city of Odisha, and in a metropolitan city of India as well. Through the above mentioned methodological tools, Gatrodi will produce a detailed ethnographic account of the teaching modalities of the women participating in the study. This shall clarify which methods, be they verbal or non verbal, they implement while transmitting the dance. Consequently, it will be possible to assess which processes are at work in these situations, and how they are related to the social order that prevails in Odissi dance networks. The teaching activities of the women will further be compared to those of the men. In this way, Gatrodi will shed light on the dynamics of transmission of Odissi and the processes of legitimisation of its methods, thereby documenting how, beyond the particular case that is being studied, body practice and social life are interconnected.

Mots clés : anthropology dance transmission gender asymmetry india

Participants :
- French Institute of Pondicherry (Inde) — Partner, organization partner, Recherche, subvention : 0.0 €
- Université Clermont Auvergne (France) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 233808.0 €
Projet ERA (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Gene expression in bacteria is regulated by a multitude of mechanisms to facilitate adaptation to changing environmental conditions and during infection, which is key to their evolutionary success. To ensure that genes are only expressed in the right place and at the right time, access of transcription factors to promoters that drive gene expression can be controlled by DNA binding proteins and DNA methylation. DNA methylation is a seemingly simple, yet powerful mechanism mediated by methyltransferases (MTases) of restriction-modification (R-M) systems or orphan MTases which methylate specific genomic sites and can modulate transcription factor binding thereby regulating gene expression. Although epigenetic regulation is widespread in bacteria, the exact regulatory mechanisms are often unknown. Epigenetic regulation is often found in pathogenic bacteria and it was shown that methylation can affect their virulence, biofilm formation and other important features. In this project, we will use the WHO priority pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii as a model to decipher epigenetic regulation. A. baumannii strains encode from one to ten different MTases and it was shown that the deletion of the most conserved A. baumannii MTase decreased motility and virulence suggesting a gene regulatory role for this MTase. This project will investigate the impact of MTases on epigenetic gene regulation of A. baumannii using bioinformatics and functional genomic approaches to uncover their role for A. baumannii biology. Considering regulatory MTases as a potential drug target, understanding epigenetics would inform new approaches for the treatment of A. baumannii infections. Additionally, the distribution of R-M system genes in different strains of bacteria can be useful in phage therapy development to create the phage resistant to the R-M systems of the most dangerous strains.

Mots clés : dna methyltransferase, transcription regulation, acinetobacter baumannii, comparative genomics

Participants :
- Trinity College Dublin (Irlande) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 196590.72 €
Projet ARMOUR (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

General awareness about the smart grid technologies has improved in the last decade due to various energy liberalization actions taken by the European Union. However, the lack of well-developed technologies, has been main cause of slow acceptance of smart grids. This calls for the identification of unexplored research areas in smart grids. Positive outcomes of the research can help in laying down new and well-defined standards for the smart grids and associated intelligent technologies. A convenient and easily integrable product can also help in encouraging various distribution system operators to accept the new technologies. Massive amount of data is already being collected from the distribution networks using smart meters. Rapid advancements in machine learning research have opened up new avenues for data utilization in smart grid. Forerunners like DEPsys (a smart grid technology company based in Switzerland), have now simplified the distribution system data for further analysis and research. A critical concern raised by DEPsys customers, is their inability to trace the source of power quality issues in the distribution network, which in-turn leads to both energy and economic losses over time. This project builds up on existing infrastructure of DEPsys and aims to be an AMROUR (by improving robustness) for distribution networks against power quality events. The main objectives are: (i) leveraging machine learning for condition monitoring and tracing power quality events, and (ii) to develop a smart grid technology which assists the distribution system operators in prevention and diagnosis of power quality events.

Mots clés : smart grids, power quality, power distribution networks, machine learning, signal processing, grideye, condition monitoring, detection, prediction

Participants :
- Depsys sa (Suisse) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 191149.44 €
Projet OCIC (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Genomes from tumor cells are often grossly derailed in DNA content, with chromosomes gained, lost, fused or otherwise rearranged. Presumably, many of these aberrations stem from mistakes during cell division, during which the DNA is normally divided equally to both daughter cells. Cell division is often studied microscopically in 2D cell culture, while DNA sequences from cancer genomes are often re-constructed from tumor patient material. As a consequence, there is still a poor understanding regarding the direct genetic consequences of mitotic errors and as such, genomic instability. Patient-derived tumor organoids, in combination with cutting-edge technology that combines direct microscopic observation of mitotic events, with single-cell whole genome sequencing (scWGS), provide a unique opportunity to tackle these fundamental questions. To understand the occurrence and maintenance of genomic instability, I will study organoids derived from esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) patients. While observed in many cancers, EAC genomes in particular show genomic catastrophes and are thought to drive tumorigenic transformation. Cells will be filmed in real-time to detect mitotic errors. Daughter cells from erroneous divisions will be photoconverted, allowing single cell tracking and isolation for prospective genetic analysis. scWGS will detect imbalances in chromosome number and/or structural rearrangements between the paired daughter cells. Genetic aberrations can be directly linked to the observed mitotic error and cell fate across multiple divisions to understand its role in tumorigenesis. To couple molecular mechanisms to genetic footprints, fluorescent markers will be implemented to interrogate the type of DNA damage missegregated chromosomes receive, how this affects the subsequent cell cycles, and how this missegregated DNA is re-incorporated into the genome. Finally, I will test these findings across a panel of human tumor organoids derived from different tissues.

Mots clés : organoids, live cell microscopy, single cell sequencing, genomic instability, aneuploidy

Participants :
- University Medical Center Utrecht (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 187572.48 €
Projet APOBEC (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2014)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Genomic instability is a key hallmark of cancer. Chromosome translocations require the formation of pairs of double-strand breaks (DSB) and trans-chromosomal ligation of the broken ends. Members of the AID/APOBEC family of enzymes deaminate cytosine (C) to uracil (U) in the context of a polynucleotide substrate. Excision of the U residue from DNA produces an abasic site, leading to incision of the DNA strand containing the abasic site by the conventional base-excision repair pathway. The introduction of proximal incisions on both DNA strands can generate a DSB intermediate for chromosomal translocation. AID acts on C residues at immunoglobulin loci in activated B cells to trigger antibody gene diversification and is the only member of the AID/APOBEC family that is currently known to act physiologically on endogenous nuclear DNA. Off-target deamination by AID results in nucleotide substitutions and genomic rearrangements in B lymphocyte tumours. APOBEC1 edits mRNA transcripts in the small intestine. Liver-directed misexpression of APOBEC1 is oncogenic in transgenic mice. APOBEC3 enzymes are ubiquitously expressed and act on C residues in the cDNA viral replication intermediates as part of a host restriction pathway. APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B have been shown to be capable of causing genomic damage in mammalian cells. Access to the nucleus by APOBEC family members likely permits DNA deamination activity that introduces mutations and genomic instability during tumourigenesis. I have generated mice that harbour FLAG-tagged forms of AID, APOBEC1, APOBEC3A or APOBEC3B inserted at the ROSA26 locus, preceded by a floxed stop sequence for conditional expression. This system will be used to understand the role of cytosine deamination in tumour progression in tissue- and time-specific contexts in vivo through whole genome sequencing of tumours. The long-term goal is to initiate the development of reagents to regulate APOBEC activity in basic science and clinical oncology.

Mots clés : apobec, cancer, mouse model, b cell, hodgkin s lymphoma

Participants :
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (Allemagne) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 159460.8 €
Projet GLnQuadRemeshing (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2017)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Geometric curved objects are ubiquitous in numerous computational science and engineering problems. Representing curved domains in a computer is typically achieved using triangle mesh surfaces. However, it is often beneficial to use quad meshes instead. Namely, discrete surfaces that are composed of quad faces, connected via edges and vertices. Unfortunately, existing re-meshing methods of triangle surfaces are somewhat limited and non-robust, motivating the following research. In this action we describe a new class of algorithms for quad re-meshing of curved domains using PDE-based approaches. Our algorithms use the Ginzburg--Landau (GL) functional and its multiclass extensions to devise novel energy functionals which, unlike previous work, are fundamentally supported by the extensive literature in physics and image processing on the theory, analysis and processing of GL. In practice, convex-splitting or heat and thresholding numerical schemes allow us to quickly find minimizers of the proposed energies. Our approach is novel in that it extends a recent body of work on multiclass classification of high-dimensional data to the problem of quad re-meshing which is typically formulated as a mixed-integer problem, and thus it exhibits heuristic solvers. A common methodology for quad re-meshing includes the design of a generalized vector field (i.e., a cross field) and mesh parametrization. Our research objectives cover both of these tasks and suggest novel methods to tackle them. Overall, the proposed research offers a new point of view for this long-standing problems, and with the vast related work in other domains, it may bridge the gap to arrive at effective, scalable and efficient quad re-meshing machinery of general geometries. The resulting algorithms may be used in several scientific and engineering domains such as architectural geometry, fabrication of curved objects and computer aided design systems, among other applications.

Mots clés : ginzburg  landau theory, multiclass classification, cross field design, aligned parametrization, curved domains

Participants :
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology (Israël) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Organismes privés (hors enseignement), subvention : 263385.0 €
- University of California System (Etats-Unis) — Partner, organization partner, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 0.0 €
Projet AGAGAP (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Mathematics
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Geometry, arithmetic, and quantum physics historically have had many points of intersection. This project will use recent techniques in algebraic group actions, especially those of Kirwan, to address problems of overlapping interest to distinct research groups at the University of Oxford – Algebraic Geometry, Number Theory, Mathematical Physics, and the Centre for Quantum Mathematics and Computation. Consider the following long-standing, a priori unrelated, questions. What is the minimal degree curve that passes through n points in general position in the plane (Nagata conjecture)? What is the growth rate of the number of integer lattice points in a variety (for us, universal torsor over a Fano variety) with respect to a height function (Manin conjecture)? How can one work with quantum entanglements of different qualitative character and associated entropies in a rigorous yet experimentally friendly way? These open questions turn out to admit a common source, at least in a large class of problems of interest. The crucial ingredient is a suitable "homotopic replacement for a universal torsor" -- arising, in nice cases, from a key difference with topology, since in algebraic geometry algebraic affine line bundles needn't be vector bundles -- that often allows one to reduce to studying a simpler problem in group actions attached to an affine space rather than to a complicated variety or even more complicated universal torsor.

Mots clés : geometric invariant theory, quotients, polytopes, unirational varieties, rational points of bounded, height, effective cycles, quantum entanglement

Participants :
- University of Oxford (Royaume-Uni) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 195454.8 €
Projet epiGERMetics (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2015)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Germ cells have unique role in development. They are the only cells required for the transmission of genetic material from generation to generation in sexually reproducing organisms. This makes them pivotal for the survival of species and ultimately for the propagation of life. Although germ cells undergo extensive cellular differentiation during gametogenesis, they are protected from somatic reprogramming. This requires precise control of transcriptional programs, misregulation of which leads to infertility and developmental defects. Moreover, germ cell-like properties acquired ectopically promote tumor formation. My aim is to understand how germ cell identity is controlled in vertebrates, using zebrafish as a genetic model. My hypothesis is that epigenetic control of gene expression is regulated in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of germ cells. In the nucleus, Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins regulate transcription by establishing repressive chromatin modifications. In the germ cytoplasm, translational regulation by Argonaute proteins, involved in RNA silencing pathways, is pivotal for maintaining germ cell identity. However, the events that facilitate cross-talk between the nucleus and germ cytoplasm are not known. Here, I propose to combine high-end developmental biology techniques with state-of-the art genomic technologies to investigate the cooperation between the PcG complex and Argonaute proteins during germ line development. I believe that the crossing point between my scientific interest (events outside the nucleus) and the expertise of my supervisor (regulation in the nucleus), creates a very solid background for this proposal. It will further develop my interdisciplinary skills and enhance my creative potential by allowing me to look at the regulation of germ cell identity from different angles. I am confident, that this proposal is the perfect stepping stone in becoming an independent scientist and an expert in the field of epigenetic gene regulation.

Mots clés : epigenetic, germ line, germ granules, development, zebrafish, germ cells

Participants :
- Radboud University Nijmegen (Pays-Bas) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 177598.8 €
Projet TRoMBONE (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2016)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Life Sciences
Statut du projet : CLOSED

Given the poor regenerative potential of the adult heart after heart failure (HF), therapies capable of contributing for cardioprotection and cardio-regeneration are of great need. Recent advances in pharmacologic therapy and stem cells are currently not enough to address HF. The hypothesis of this project is that exosomes, nanovesicles secreted by cells may be a potential therapy for HF. Exosomes may offer advantages relatively to cell-based therapies regarding efficacy (does not require engraftment and survival), processing and cost. The main objective of the current project is to develop an effective strategy to deliver exosomes by intravenous (IV) injection into the heart (targeting) and to maximize exosome regenerative potential (bioactivity). Therefore, the project aims to develop a non-cellular-based therapy to regenerate the heart after infarction based on the targeted delivery of exosomes. Undertaking this research along with formal training and mentoring will enhance my academic profile, scientific experience, and content expertise in nanobiotechnology, to enable me to develop into an independent, leading researcher. The proposed research contributes to the EU priority of addressing the societal challenge of improving lifelong health and wellbeing of all.

Mots clés : regenerative medicine, myocardial infarction, regeneration of heart muscle, targeted exosomes

Participants :
- University of Coimbra (Portugal) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Recherche, subvention : 160635.6 €
Projet CoDe-S (Horizon 2020, appel à projets 2019)
Action : Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships
Panel : Information Science and Engineering
Statut du projet : SIGNED

Given the tremendous challenges our society is facing, i.e. in regard to the expected changes in our environment due to climate change and the increasing pressure on our natural resources, the international research community is in demand to find solutions that provide the foundation for our sustainable development. Here, the built environment is of obvious importance as it not only facilitates societal activity but also has a major share on the worldwide turnover of economic and environmental resources. To date the built environment is developed and maintained by broadly following structural design standards, which did evolve continuously over time and contain safety concepts that support daily structural engineering decision making based on simple calculus. The major objective that has been followed in their development, was the provision of sufficient safety, and the observed relative low failure rates do proof success in this regard. However, as conceived, structural design codes do not allow for the optimal allocation of the limited financial and environmental resources into the structural performance. In this context, the proposed project will develop methodologies to calibrate the safety concept of existing design standards, such that their broad implementation will lead to a significant increase of resource efficiency with simultaneous conservation of the present average safety level. Environmental, economic and societal aspects will be explicitly considered and the potential benefits will be exemplified on the building stocks of two European countries. Presented and disseminated by means of user-friendly tools and demonstrators in a form that is not only accessible to expert groups, but also to other stakeholders involved in standardization procedures, the results of the project are expected to have a substantial impact on future structural design procedures, contributing to sustainable societal development.

Mots clés : standardisation, safety, structural reliability, risk based decision making, structural engineering, decision analysis

Participants :
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (Norvège) — Coordinator, beneficiary, Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire, subvention : 214158.72 €