DFKI-SLT/copious huggingface dataset:
HOPEA PARVIFLORA. (Nat. ord. Dipteroearpeae.) HOPEA (Roxb.) Gen. PI p. 193.— GEN. CHAR. Calyx tube very short aduate to the torus not increasing in fruit, divisions short obtuse often membranceous on the margin imbricate, 2 enlarging in fruit large and wing-like erect, the rest small, all connivent over the fruit at the base. Stamens 15 rarely 10, anthers ovate, conneetivum subulato-cuspidate, cells obtuse equal valved. Ovary 3 celled, cell 2 ovuled, style short terete or subulate. Fruit indehiscent, 1 seeded, seed ovoid, cotyledons thick fleshy unequal. Trees yielding resin, glabrous or tomentose, stipules small deciduous, or inconspicuous, leaves entire coriaceous — a genus nearly allied to Shorea. HOPEA PARVIFLORA. (Bedd.) Petioles panicles and calyx hairy, leaves short petioled glabrous ovate to oblong furnished with glands in the axils of the veins beneath, 2 to 2 1/2 inches long by 1 to 1 1/2 broad, flowers secund subsessile numerous very minute, sweet scented, stamens 15 alternately single and in pairs, stigma 3 cleft. A large handsome tree, common in both the moist and dry forests in Malabar and South Canara, up to an elevation of 3,500 feet. The wood is hardly known commercially as yet, but it is much valued by the Natives in South Canara, and I believe it will be of great value for gun carriage purposes, and I have forwarded specimens to Madras and Bombay — it will also answer well for sleepers. In Malabar it is called Irubogam and in South Canara Kiral Boghi on the ghats and Tirpu in the plains ; in the latter district it is much valued for temple building purposes.
VATICA ROXBURGHIANA. (Nat. ord. Dipterocarpeae.) VATICA. Linn. — GEN. CHAR. Tube of the calyx very small adnate to the torus or base of the ovary, not or scarcely enlarging with the fruit ; divisions rather acute, when very young imbricate but soon open or pseudo-valvate, enlarging with the fruit, equal or unequal and patent. Stamens 35, anthers oblong or linear rarely ovate, connective generally with a short apiculation, ovary 3 celled, cells 2 ovuled, style short with a clavate apex, or long subulate, Stigma entire or 3 toothed, capsule thick woody indehiscent, or 3 valved 1-2 seeded. Trees, bearing resin, stipules small fugacious or inconspicuous, leaves entire coriaceous penniveined and reticulato-venose, flowers in axillary or terminal panicles. See. I. Isauxis. — Enlarged divisions of the calyx equal, patent below the fruit. See. II. Euvatica. — Enlarged divisions of the calyx very unequal wing like, patent below the fruit. The 2 Southern Indian species both belong to Isauxis. VATICA ROXBURGHIANA. (Wight.) A large tree, young branches petioles and inflorescence minutely furfuraceous 9 leaves glabrous above except the costa, which with the costa and veins beneath is slightly scaly, ovate to oblong with an~obtuse point rounded or obtuse at the base, furnished with 10-14 primary veins on each side, 4-8 inches long by 2-3 1/4 broad, petiole 1 1/4-2 inches long, panicles axillary shorter thau the leaves, branchlets few flowered, calyx and outside of petals furfuraceous, divisions of the former acute enlarging in fruit and then 5 nerved and glabrescent, petals & times as long as the calyx, stamens 15 in 2 rows, anthers oblong with a short apiculation, style nearly double the length of the anthers, stigma clavate obscurely 3 or 6 lobed. fruit globose not sulcated crowned with a small nipple-like point at the apex, rough with minute raised reticulations aud furfuraceous, hard woody and indehiscent. Wight III. Common in some of our western coast forests, 'particularly in the South Canara jungles, and planted in avenues, etc. in Travancore. also indigenous in Ceylon, where it is called Mendora ; its limber is much valued in Ceylon, but I have not seen it in use in India; the tree produces a gum-resin. / V ^p6^la^ 9.5
HOPEA WIGHTIANA, (Nat. ord. Dipterocarpeae.) For Gen. Char. see under " H. parviflora," Pl. vi. HOPEA WIGHTIANA. (Wall.) A large tree, youug branches and petioles furnished with a dense short pubescence, leaves ovato-oblong, rounded at the base and attenuated towards the apex into a very obtuse point, glabrous on both, sides except the costa above, primary veins distant 7-10 on each side of the costa, 6-9 inches long by 2-3 broad, petioles 1/4-1/2 inch long, panicles glabrous axillary generally 3 together, shorter than or about the length of the leaves, flowers pink about 1/2 an inch in length secund bracteolate at the base of their very short pedicels, calyx glabrous, corol hairy on the outside, stamens 15 alternately single and double, anthers terminated with a long bristle, fruit and calyx wings glabrous bright crimson colored, wings 2-2 1/2 inches long by 1/2 an inch broad, 7-9 nerved. — Wall. L. N. 6295 ; — WA.Prod. p. 85, and III. tab. 37 — (wrong as to the 10 stamens.) Vary. B. glabra, young branches and petioles glabrous or sub-glabrous. Hopea glabra, WA. Prod. p. 85. This tree is very common in many of our western forests, an echinate excrescence, much like the young fruit of a Spanish chestnut, is often produced, in the axils of the leaves; it is probably the formation of some insect in the bud of the panicle, it is represented in the figure, a somewhat similar formation occurs in Hopea parviflora, as I have gathered specimens of the longer leaved variety in Tinnevelly with regular abortive panicles, several of the branchlets of each terminating with hard, round, warty, fruit-like excrescences 4 lines in diameter. The timber is very valuable and very similar to that of Hopea parviltora. Variety B is the Kong of Tinnevelly, and is par excellence the timber of that district. I have not seen this more glabrous variety in fruit, but the flowirs in no way differ from the ordinary form ; the latter is most abundant in the S. Canara district, where it is called Kalbow and Hiral bogi ; it is a first-rale coppice firewood, and large tracts in thit state are met with in the plains of that district never apparency flowering, but abundantly covered with the abortive fruit-like excrescence. 96
DOONA ZEYLANICA. (Nat. ord. Dipterocarpeae.) DOONA. Thw.— GEN. CHAR. Tube of the calyx in flower very short actuate to the torus, divisions imbricate, in fruit the tube not enlarging, 3 of the divisions enlarging into large erect wings ; 3 small, all connivent at the base round the fruit, stamens 15, anthers oblong with the cells equal, . connective produced into a terminal process, ovary 3 celled, cells 2 ovuled, style subulate, stigma small, fruit indehiscent generally 1 seeded, seed ovoid, cotyledons extremely contortuplicate, radicle superior. Glabrous trees, resiniferous, stipules small deciduous or inconspicuous, leaves entire ooriaoeous penninerved, panicles axillary or terminal, flowers rather small. —Thw. Hoolc. Kew. Journ. iv. p. 7 ; — Benth. and Hook. Gen. Pl. p. 193. DOONA ZEYLANICA. (Thw.) A lofty tree, trunk straight, much branched towards the upper part, bark rough and cracked, branches terete and smooth, leaves penniveined with numerous intermediate reticulations lanceolate dark-green above, paler beneath, rounded at the base, tapering towards the apex into a rather long acumination with an abrupt point, 2-2 1/4 inches long by 3/4 of an inch wide, petioles 1/2 inch long grooved along the upper surface, panicles furnished with small brown deciduous bractes, calyx pale-green tinged with red, the 3 enlarged leaves becoming a deeper red, petals pale rose darker at the tips, filaments united about 1/2 way up. Thw. I. c. This is the famous Doon tree of Ceylon, called also shingle tree by the planters ; it is very abundant in the Central Provinces of that island up to 4,000 feet elevation, and the timber is highly prized for building purposes and for shingles; the tree yields a large quantity of colorless gum-resin from its trunk and branches, which when dissolved in spirits of wine or turpentine makes an excellent varnish. 07
DOONA GARDNER! (Nat. ord. Dipterocarpeae.) For Gen. Char, see letter press to Pl. xcvii. DOONA GrARDNERI. (Thw.) A lofty tree, leaves ovate or ovato -lanceolate, rounded at the base tapering into a longish point at the apex, 2-3 1/2 inches long by 1 1/2-2 inches broad, petioles about 3/4-1 inch long, flowers drooping about 1/2 an inch across, bractes small early caducous, calyx minutely puberulous or at length glabrous, corol densely pubescent on the outside. Thw. En. Pl. Zey, p. 35. This beautiful tree is found in the Central Provinces of Ceylon at 3,000 to 5,000 feet elevation. 98
60 FORESTRY BUREAU is somewhat five-winged and is coriaceous; corolla sulphur-yellow, dark red within, stellate-downy without, capsule connate woody with the calyx at its base, five-celled, the cells divided into two parts and having two seeds, the seeds with a yellow line. (Description from Flora fndice Batavae, Miquel.) There are several distinct species of Anonaceae, the wood of which is called Lanutan. The following description is taken from Sebastian Vidal's 'Memoria sobre el Ramo de Montes.' He refers it to Padre Blanco's Unona latifolia. In the 'Revision de Plantas Vasculares Filipinas,' of Sebastian Vidal, the name Lanutan is applied to a species of Xylopia and to Saccopetalum longipes." SACCOPETALUM LONGIPES. U A tree belonging to the Anonaceae. Young branches with reddish-downy leaves, nearly sessile, somewhat rounded at the base and slightly oblique, oblong or oblong-elliptical, moderately acuminate, four to ten centimeters long, two to four centimeters broad, smooth, sparsely downy on the veins, stiff. Flowers solitary or nearly so, with very long thread-like peduncles, ten centimeters and more. Outer petals small, inner ones much longer, one centimeter, in the form of a pouch at the base. Stamens arranged in four to six series. Receptacle nearly globose, downy. Carpels oval with thick pedicels, ten to fifteen millimeters long; blackish with rough points. Bagae, Province of Bataan. Guinayangan, Province of Tayabas. Common name, Lanutan. Vidal." "Is a Tree of the Second Order. This tree grows in some of the islands in the Philippine group. Color. — Whitish red or clear red with yellow borders. Texture. — Fine, with fiber straight and pores small; it is easily worked. It is used in cabinet making and in ordinary construction in a sawed form. Salvador Ceron, p. 294. LAUAR Anisoptera thurifera, BL Dipterocarpus thurifer, Blanco. Dipterocarpeae. SYNONYMS — Lauan, Sandana, Lauaan, Tagalog; Lanaan, Visaya. WHERE FOUND — Batangas, Bataan, Bulacan, Cagayan, Zambales, Albay, Cavite, Sorsogon, Tayabas, Pampanga, Island of Luzon; Mindoro, Mindoro; Liyte, Leyte; Iloilo, Capiz, Panay; Romblon, Romblon; Samar, Samar; Negros, Negros.
88 FORESTRY BUREAU URUNG. Fagraa fragrans. — Roxb. WHERE FOUND— Paragua. DESCRIPTION— Superior Group. "These trees are found only in the Island of Paragua, and are similar to Teak. The Spaniards in that locality assert that it contains the same properties. There is an abundance of this species there; specimens being found up to six or seven meters in length and forty centimeters in diameter. Senor Don Domingo Sanchez, zoological collector of the Inspeccion General de Montes, who explored that island, and who made a study of this tree, stated that it belonged to the family Lagonicias. It is not to be found in the market. Trees with cylindrical branches. Leaves with petioles, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate and obtusely acuminate. Sometimes, but rarely, from the base abruptly cuneate almost elliptical; leathery, three to five inches long, obscurely featherveined, eight veins on both sides. Blossoms arranged in trichotomous corymbs sometimes terminal (at ends of branches) and sometimes super-axillary. Corolla funnel-shaped, yellowish-white, with an agreeable smell; with the tube conical, and the limb a little longer; divisions of corolla ovate-oblong obtuse. Fruit small, peashaped, and round at the base. Style ends in a point, golden color. R. Garcia." YACAL, Hopea plagata, Vidal. Dipterocarpus plagatus, Blanco. ( The Wounded Dipterocarpus. ) Fam. Dipterocarpeae. SYNONYMS — Yacal, Sapolongan, Saplungan, Tagalog. WHERE FOUND— Islands of Luzon, Mindoro, and Panav. DESCRIPTION— Superior Group. "Attains a height of from twelve to twenty meters, and nearly one meter in diameter. Color. — Earthy yellow. Odor. — Similar to Lauan. Texture. — Solid and fine; breaks in long splinters; shavings, fine, compact and curled. It is abundant in almost every province of Luzon. It is used in the construction of buildings, for pillars, joists, sleepers, etc., and, in naval construction, for beams; also is used in cabinet making. Pieces of large dimensions generally come from Tayabas; but that from Angat is preferred for all kinds of beams,
xviiij AFFLUENTS OF THE BINTULU neck, which it moved continuously, was also long and very slender ; indeed, on account of its neck, I at first thought the bird had a snake in its bill. My men said it was an aquatic bird, that it dived, and had webbed feet. Although I was most anxious to secure it, this time the coveted prize escaped me. Along the banks of the river cleared of forest minuangs (pctomeles Sumatmna) are frequent — a tree I have already mentioned which belongs to the " tapang " group ; that is, those on which honey bees build their nests. One isolated specimen I could see from the boat showed long brown spikes hanging from the ends of the smaller branches, and on getting near it I perceived from the fragments on the ground that it bore female flowers. I was, therefore, anxious to secure specimens, as the plant was not well known to botanists ; but when, after fully an hour's labour, we had felled the tree, I discovered to my regret that the flowers were over, and utterly useless for scientific investigation. On the morning of the 30th, in order to save time, I had the rice for the day cooked before starting. The most notable plant I saw was a Dipterocarp (P.B., No. 3,755), a splendid tree, literally covered with large flowers of a light yellow colour, giving off a sweet vanilla odour. The Daun halik angtn, the fine Clerodendron discolor which I had observed on the Sarawak river, was very common here, as elsewhere on the banks of the Bintulu. The river flowed through a plain from which the forest had been cleared for some hundreds of yards from the waterside. These were the fields of the Labbang Mellanaos, whom we found at work on them, preparing to plant rice. Some were engaged in burning the jungle, and this being of secondary growth contained many bamboos, which exploded when on fire with reports like musket shots. When the ground is thus cleared, a man with a long pointed pole makes holes in the soil, in which a woman, who follows close behind him, throws a few grains of rice. It rained nearly the whole day. We slept at Pandan, a small village at the mouth of a stream which bears the same name, on the right bank of the Bintulu. The village consisted of ten or twelve houses, and was inhabited by Bintulu Mellanaos intermingled with Pennans. The Pandan can be ascended in boats for six days, and it is on the upper portion of its course, or " ulu," as the Malays say, that the Pennans are numerous. It is there, also, that the kajatau (probably Eugeissonia utilis), which produces a good quality of sago, the principal food of the natives, is said to be plentiful. The Pandan at a certain place divides into two branches : the principal one appears to trend eastwards; the other, called the Bigno, turns, it is said, in an opposite direction, and is stated to be navigable for four days. I was afterwards told that it issues from a lake in which sea fish live, and whose waters during the dry season are salt. 285
132 SPECIES BLANCOANAE Loranthus pauciflorus Blanco Fl. Filip. (1837) 235, non Sw.= Loranthus tomentosus Blanco op. cit. ed. 2 (1845) 164; ed. 3^ 1 (1877) 296, non Heyne=LORANTHUS sp. Fernandez-Villar considered that the form Blanco described was a valid species and retained it as Loranthus pauciflorus Blanco. While the species, as described, is certainly a Loran-thus, I know of no species that presents all the characters in-dicated by Blanco. I strongly suspect that Blanco had specimens of Loranthus philippensis Cham. & Schlecht., which he other-wise described as Lonicera symphoricarpos and as L. philip. pensis, and erroneously described the flowers as 6-merous; this is the only known Philippine LoroKnthus that conforms at all to Blanco's description in other characters, and which, moreover, is widely distributed and abundant in the regions from which he secured most of his botanical material. ELYTRANTHE Blume Hillia rongiflora Blanco Fl. Filip. (1837) 235 (sp. nov.) ; ed. 2 (1845) 165; ed. 3, 1 (1877) 297=ELYTRANTHE AMPULLACEA (Roxb.) Engl. (Loranthus ampullaceus Roxb.). This reduction was originally made by Fernandez-Villar, the correctness of which was formerly doubted by me. There is no question, however, that Blanco's description applies wholly to Elytranthe ampullacea Engl., at least as that species is represented by the specimens cited by me, Philip. Journ. Sci 4 (1909) Bot. 146. Illustrative specimen from Bosoboso, Rizal Province, Luzon, parasitic on Anisoptera thurifera Blume, October, 1916 (Merrill: Species Elancoanae No. lOSS), VISCUM Linnaeus Fusanus ? parasitus Blanco PI. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 53 (sp. nov.> ; ed. 8, 1 (1877) lOO=VISCUM ORIENTALE Willd. Viscum philippense Llanos Frag. Pl. Filip. (1851) 52 (sp. nov.) ; F.-Vill & Naves in Blanco FL Filip. ed. S, 4' (1880) 38 p. p. = VISCUM ORIENTALE Willd. Blanco's Fusanus parasitus was reduced by Fernandez-Villar to Viscum orientale Willd., which is apparently the correct disposition of it, Viscum philippense Llanos, however, was reduced by him to V, articulatum. Burm., although Llanos's description in part, as to the leaves : ''media verticiladas, aovado-oblongas, coriaceas y lampinas" certainly applies to Viscum orientale Willd. It is probable that Llanos based his description on specimens of Viscum articulatum growing as a parasite on V. orientale, as this relationship is occasionally presented by the
268 SPECIES BLANCOANAE Garcinia cumingiana Pierre and G. calleryi Pierre are specifically distinct from G, venulosa Choisy. Illustrative specimen from Angat, Bulacan Province, Luzon, September, 1913 {Merrill: Species Blancoanae No, 569), Stalagmltis ? cambogioides Blanco PL Fiiip. ed. 2 (1845) 301; ed. 3, 2 (1878) 195, non Murr.= ? GARCINIA DULCIS (Roxb.) Kurz. I have found no mention of this species in the Novissima Appendix, but it is almost certainly Garcinia, although perhaps not Garcinia dulcis Kurz. The description is not good and does not apply at all well to Kurz's species ; at the present time, however, I can suggest no other possible reduction of the species. Garcinia dulcis is widely distributed in the Philippines, extending from northern Luzon to Palawan and Mindanao. Illustrative specimen from Bosoboso, Rizal Province, Luzon, March, 1915 (Merrill: Species Blancoanae No, 881), Cambogia crasslfolia Blanco Fl. Filip. (1845) 304 (sp. nov.) ; ed. 3, 2 (1878) 198=? GARCINIA sp. Fernandez-Villar referred this to Garcinia cowa Roxb., a species that does not extend to the Philippines. Blanco described only the leaves, and these very briefly, stating further that it was a tree originating in Cebu, there known as sadugan, and yielding a substance similar to gambir having an agreeable odor ; he apparently saw neither flowers nor fruits. An attempt to locate the species through the native name sadugan in Cebu brought in specimens of Horsfieldia ardisiifolia Warb., which does not at all conform to the leaf characters indicated by Blanco for his Cambogia crassifolia. There is no special reason for considering that it even belongs in the Guttiferae. DIPTEROCARPACEAE DIPTEROCARPUS Linnaeus Mocanera grandiflora Blanco Fl. Filip. (1837) 451 (sp. nov.) = DIPTEROCARPUS GRANDIFLORUS Blanco op. cit. ed. 2 (1845) 314 (nom. nov.) ; ed, 3, 2 (1878) 218, t. 263. This species is common and widely distributed in the Philippines, occurring in the primeval forest at low and medium altitudes. It is almost universally known as apitong, a name rarely applied to any other species, and apitong is the commercial name of the timber produced by this tree. Illustrative specimen from Bataan Province, Luzon, July, 1914 {Merrill: Species Blancoanae No. 119), Mocanera verniciflua Blanco FL Filip. (1837) 540 (sp. nov.) =: DIPTEROCARPUS VERNICIFLUUS Blanco op. cit. ed. 2 (1845) 314 (comb, nov.) ; ed. 3, 2 (1878) 217, t, 183.
270 SPECIES BLANCOANAE pines, the commercial name of its timber being tanguile. Blanco's specific name does not apply, and his selection of the name was probably due to the fact that he had fruits of an entirely different plant. His description, otherwise, applies well to the species as interpreted, and there is no doubt as to the identity of the illustrative material with Blanco's plant. Illustrative specimen from Limay, Bataan Province, Luzon, June, 1914, there known as tanguile (Merrill: Species Blan-coanae No, 85). Mocanera guiso Blanco Fl. Filip. (1837) 449 (sp. nov.) =Dipterocarpus guiso Blanco op. cit. ed. 2 (1845) 313 (comb, nov.) ; ed. 3, 2 (1878) 215=:SHOREA GUISO (Blanco) Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2 (1856) 34. Euphoria malaanonan Blanco Fl. Filip. (1837) 286 (sp. nov.) = Euphoria ? Nephelium ? Blanco op. cit. ed. 2 (1845) 200, ed, 3, 2 (1878) 9 = SHOREA GUISO (Blanco) Blume. This species is common and widely distributed in the Philippines, occurring in primeval forests at low and medium altitudes. It is a valuable timber tree and the timber is commercially known as guijo, the local name of the tree being* guijo or guiso. Euphoria malaanonan Blanco has long been a puzzle, but it is now perfectly clear that the species described by Blanco is Shorea guiso Blanco supplied with large spiny galls. Many specimens of this exist in the herbarium of the Bureau of Science, as it is very frequently secured by native collectors under the impression that the gall is a fruit. Blanco describes the "fruit'' of Euphoria malaanonan as an ovoid pouch bristling with incurved processes which become hard and spine-like at maturity, an excellent description of the common gall on Shorea guiso Blume. He further states that the "fruit" contained nothing, the interior being devoured by insects, modified by the statement that in one he did find a single seed; in this he certainly was mistaken. In the second edition he repeated the description, considering it as possibly a Euphoria, possibly as a, Nephelium. It is perfectly clear that he placed it in this group on account of the spiny galls resembling the fruits of certain species of Nephelium. Fernandez-Villar placed it as a synonym of Shorea robusta Gaertn., a species that does not extend to the Philippines. Blanco's Euphoria malaanonan has page priority over Mocanera guiso, the name-bringing synonym of Shorea guiso Blume, but it cannot be adopted in place of the latter as it is based on an abnormality ; it is further invalidated by Shorea malaanonan Blume.