DFKI-SLT/copious huggingface dataset:
34 MOLLUSCA. BX EDGE, A. SMITH. With the exception of Mr. John Brazier's report on the Mollusca of the Chevert expedition there does not appear to have been published any -work of importance treating exclusively on the forms of North and North-eastern Australia. Dr. Tapparone-canefri has written a few papers on the fauna of Papua, and a large number of species have, at various times, been described in different works and periodicals by Reeve, A. Adams, Watson, and others, from Port Essington, Torres Straits, and the coast of Queensland. Many of the species found in this district range as far as or even further north than, the Philippine Islands, and westward to Swan River, and, even in a few cases, to Ceylon and the Mauritius ; but the general character of the fauna may be regarded as Malayan, although many of the species appear to be limited in their distribution and not as yet met with in the Archipelago. I. CEPHALOPODA. 1. Octopus polyzenia. (Plate TV. figs. A-A 3) Ch-ay, Cat. Cephal. Anteped. Brit. Mus. p. 13. Animal small (perhaps young), minutely and closely granulated upon the back pf the body, head, arms, and connecting web ; the lower surface of the body, head, funnel, and web above it being more sparsely granulated. Body (in spirit) wider than long, rounded at the end, exhibiting a faint central ventral groove from the opening at the neck to the extremity. Head broad but narrower than the body, with a single papilla near the upper hinder edge of the ocular opening. Arms not very long ; three upper pairs subequal in length, ventral pair rather longer. Lower surface and membrane between them very. minutely granulous. Membrane between the arms extending about one third their length and also in a narrow strip up the side of them, but between the dorsal pair it is almost entirely wanting. Cups on the upper arms gradually decreasing in size from near the mouth to the extremity, on the three other pairs of arms enlarging gradually as far as the sixth pair (these being nearly twice as large as any on the dorsal pair), and then gradually Pro. Linn. Soo. New South Wales, vols. ii. and iii.
66 COLLECTIONS FROM MELANESIA. 68. Cerithium torresi. (Plate V. fig. 0) Shell elongate-pyramidal, white, blackish towards the apex, ornamented with transverse series of dark-brown dots upon the first between the longitudinal granose costae. Whorls 11, very slightly convex, separated by a deepish suture, costate and transversely Urate, the points of intersection of the ribs and ridges being developed into prominent white nodules. The spiral Urae which become nodulous are three in number in the upper whorls, the uppermost being situated close to the suture, the next a little above the middle, and the lowermost below it, but more remote from the suture than the uppermost. In addition, there are one or more simple thread-like lines revolving between the granules ridges, which are also articulated with brown. The body-whorl has about eight principal transverse ridges, of which the three uppermost are the thickest, the two next rather finer and also granules, the three remaining ones being still more slender and more feebly nodulous. The longitudinal ribs are about twelve on a whorl, one of them being swollen or varicose. The last varix on the body-whorl is situated on the left of the aperture ; this is small, obliquely oval, terminating anteriorly in a short, oblique, and very slightly recurved canal. The columella is considerably arched, white, covered with a thin callosity, developed at the upper part into an elongate ridge which runs within the aperture. Labrum varixed externally, also thickened a little within and shallowly grooved, the grooves corresponding with the external ridges. Length 14J millim, diam. 5 ; aperture 4| long and 2 wide. Hah. Prince of Wales Channel, Torres Straits, 3-4 fms. 69. Cerithium (Colina) macrostoma. Cerithium macrotoma, Islands, Vol. 'Sulphur' p. 27, pi. xvi. figs. 11, 12 ; Sowerby, Thes. Conch, pi. 184. fig. 219 ; id. Conch. Icon. figs. 118 ab. Var. Oolina pupiformis, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1853, p. 176, pi. XX. fig. 14 (enlarged). Ceiithium pupeeforme A. Adams), Sowerby, Thes. Conch. vol. ii. pi. 184. fig. 221 ; id. Conch. Icon. figs. 122 a, b (bad ). Var. Colina costata, A. Adams, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 86. Cerithium costiferum, Sowerby, Thes. Mih. vol. ii. pi. 184. figs. 222 ; id. Conch. Icon. figs. 117 a, h. Var. Colina pygmsea, H. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 308, p 19. fig. 19. ffab. Thursday Island, Torres Straits, 5-7 fms. (Coppinger) Straits of Macassar, 11 fms. (Hinds); Damaguete, Philippine Islands Cuming for O. pupiformis) ; Philippine Islands (Cuming for C. costata); Borneo (H. Adams for O. pygmcea). The above-named and so-called species I believe to be mere variations of one and the same shell. Compare the extreme forms ( C. macrostoma and 0. pygmy), and one perceives a vast difference in outline and the number of whorls ; but even here several features in common wiu be found, namely the spotted expanded outer lip,
-6Myrtaceae, Euphorbiaceae. and Latrraceae (Penafiel 1980). Mossy forests have little consnercial value but they have an important role to play in ensuring watershed stabilization. iv) Molave forests Molave forests occur in regions with a very pronounced wet and dry season and are usually associated with the presence of well drained, limestone-derived soils. The molave tree Vitex parviflora a member of the teak, family, is the dominant species from which the whole forest association takes its name. The woods of the molave forest trees are noted for their natural beauty and durability but since these forests are easily accessible they usually occupy the areas immediately behind the beach woodland or mangrove forest where climatic conditions are too dry for dipterocarps most have now been felled. v) Pine forests Two species of pine forming pure stands are found in the Philippines. They are the Benguet pine P ins insularis and the Mindoro or tapulau pine P merkusii i Benguet pine forests occur in regions with distinct wet and dry seasons at elevations between 700 and 1800 m asl. The two known tapulau pine forests occupy an area mainly between 100 and 500 m asl. Grasslands are an integral part of the pine forests and most stands of pine occur as groves on grass meadows. The Benguet pines are used as mining timbers and for general construction purposes but the tapulau pine has practically no economic importance in the Philippines. All the forest formations of the Philippines have been considerably reduced by agricultural development and logging, and in many areas they have been replaced by tall tropical grasslands composed primarily of Imperata Saccharum and Phragmites species. These grasslands occur on almost every type of relief from mountain summits and ridge tops to rolling hill country, plateau land and flat coastal plains. They are a minor source of thatching materials. They are also used for grazing purposes but because they are of relatively low nutritive value they provide only a very poor pastureland.
12 Hyloterpe albiventris Grant. Juv, No. 2360, Irisan, Benguet, April 27, 1903. — Above dark reddish brown, lighter on rump; lower parts light reddish brown, brighter posteriorly; wings blackish brown, first four primaries edged with white, the inner primaries and bastard wing edged with olive; secondaries and coverts margined with olive brown and reddish brown; the very short tail light olive green. In fully grown young birds this nestling plumage is intermingled with that of the adult, producing very curious effects. Chimarrhornis bicolor Grant. Rare and difficult to obtain. A male and female were killed by us near Irisan. Bill and nails black; legs and feet ver dark brown. Measurements of Chimarrhornis bicolor. No. Date. Sex. Wing. Tail. Tarsus. Culmen. 2684 May 20 May 5 Male 303 294 222 220 096 096 056 2475 Female 058 Megalurus ruficeps Tweed. While this species is abundant about Irisan, M. palustris was not once seen, although it is common enough in the vicinity of Trinidad and Baguio. ZOSTERORNIS whiteheadi Grant. Our specimens have the crown duller than, and lack the yellow line over eye, shown in plate (Ibis, 1894, PI. XV). Bill black, legs and feet dull greenish, nails light horn gray, iris brown. PSEUDOTHARRHALEUS CAUDATUS Grant. This is another Lepanto species whose range we have extended to Benguet. Three males were obtained near Irisan. Measurements of Pseudotharrhaleus caudatus. No. Date. Sex. Wing. Tail. Culmen. Tarsus. 2316 Apr. 25 May 12 May 22 Male 240 242 246 338 338 327 058 061 062 105 102 104 2575 Male 2702 Male The bill, legs, feet, and nails are dark brown; lower mandible lighter; iris tan brown. LOLE PHILIPPINENSIS (Gm. . The fruit thrush of Lu bang does not differ from the Luzon form. Several Verde specimens are of a curiously light plumage, but may be referred to the Luzon species; they are certainly not lole mindorensis, which is a very distinct species.
LIST OF BIRDS COLLECTED BY THE STEERE EXPEDITION TO THE PHILIPPINES, WITH LOCALITIES AND WITH BRIEF PRELIMINARY DESCRIPTIONS OF SUPPOSED NEW SPECIES. For convenience of reference the same arrangement of orders and families has been used as in Sharpe's and Lord Walden's published lists of Philippine birds. The names of genera have been made to agree with those given in the British Museum Catalogue of Birds, as far as that has been issued. As the supposed new species are in almost all cases representative forms, each strictly limited to one or several adjacent islands, they have been named, as far as possible, to show their distribution. The names of distinct islands only are given in the localities collected from. In the few cases where collections were made from more than one place in a single island, these were generally so near together and so similar in conditions that they showed little difference in fauna. The islands are given in the order in which they were visited and collected in, and the date at which a species was collected, in any island, can be readily made out from the following schedule Paragua, August and September, 1887. Mindanao, October. Basilan, November. Mindanao, again in December. Guimaras, December. Panay, January, 1888. Negros and Siquijor, February. Cebu and Bojol, March. Samar and Leyte, April. Masbate and Marinduque, May. Mindoro, June. Luzon, July. PSITTACI. PLYCTOLOPHID.E 1. Cacatua h^maturopygia. Paragua, Basilan, Mindanao, Guimaras, Cebu, Leyte, Samar, Masbate, Marinduque, Mindoro.
DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 19 a height of about 10 meters, and often nearly exclusively occupying considerable areas. Forester Medina has surveyed two tracts of this bamboo in Bataan Province, one containing 1,200 hectares, of which 800 hectares have a dense stand; the second containing 650 hectares, of which more than 40 per cent is covered with Schizostachyum lumampao. There are also very extensive areas in other parts of Bataan, in Zambales, and in the Cagayan Valley. Fifteen small plots of Schizostachyum lumampao have been measured in Bataan Province back of the town of Limay. These plots aggregated 35 hectares and covered stands at widely separated intervals. The surveys showed an average of 8,983 canes per hectare. One of the surveys of one quarter of a hectare indicated a stand of 19,162 canes per hectare. This thin-walled bamboo is the species chiefly utilized in making the building matting known as sawale. It is also used for making baskets, fences, fish corrals, fish poles, flutes, and for many other purposes. Buho has been thoroughly investigated by Richmond as a paper-making material, and it is probably the one species of Philippine bamboo that, without extensive cultivation, promises commercial possibilities for this purpose. This point will be discussed in a bulletin on paper. Observations on its rate of growth are given later. This species is illustrated in Plate I (frontispiece) and Plates XXVIII and XXIX. SCHIZOSTACHYUM TEXTORIUM (Blanco) Merr. Kalbang. Common name: kalbang (Tagalog). This is an erect bamboo with small leaves, which is locally abundant in the Provinces of Batangas and Rizal, Luzon. The stems are used in the manufacture of looms, as they are very straight and smooth. A flowering specimen is shown in Plate XXXII. Among the other Philippine representatives of the genus are Schizostachyum palawanense (Plate XXXI), a scandent species known from Palawan and Laguna; S. hirtiflorum (Plate XXVI), a widely distributed species closely allied to and with the same growth form as S. lumampao; S. toppingii (Plate XXXIII), erect or subscandent, reported from Laguna, Rizal, and Mindoro; S. curranii (Plate XXIII), scandent, a species of higher altitudes in northern Luzon; S. luzonicum (Plate XXX), known only from Zambales; and S. fenixii (Plate XXV), reported from Abra, Cagayan, Benguet, Ilocos Sur, and Panay, known as paua in Iloilo, and puser in Abra, Luzon, and there utilized in the manufacture of baskets.
INTRODUCTION H I The first part consists of a reprint of Llanos's papers, with his Spanish diagnoses reproduced and also translated into Latin, It is convenient to have these descriptions reprinted, as Llanos's chief publication, his "Fragmentos" is a rare book. The introduction consists chiefly of biographical notes relating to Llanos's life and botanical work ; see p. 25. The second paper, a botanical curiosity, is that of Mercado originally written in the last third of the seventeenth century. It deals with the medicinal properties of various Philippine plants and the discussions of various species include a curious mixture of fact, superstition, and fable in many cases The scientific names added by Fernandez-villar are not always correct. From a botanical standpoint the work is of very slight importance, but it contains some data of economic value and is of interest from a historical standpoint. The introduction contains biographical notes regarding Mercado, an interesting discussion of the early botanical writings of various representatives of the religious orders in the Philippines, and a history of Mercado's manuscript. The original illustrations, in color, were not reproduced when the paper was published. The 473 plates, illustrating the third edition of the Flora de Filipinas, are usually in two unbound volumes, but in some copies they are scattered through the four volumes of text. They are unnumbered in the edition de luxe, and their proper numbers can be determined only by reference to the text of the Novissima Appendix or to the list of illustrations usually found at the end of the Novissima Appendix or sometimes placed in the first volume of plates. This list consists of six pages numbered by the Roman system. The identification of the plates is the work of Naves, but there are numerous manifest errors, both in relation to Blanco's species they are supposed to represent and to binomials of other Fragmentos de Algunas Plantas de Filipinas no incluidas en la flora de las islas de la primera ni segunda edicion dispuestas segun el sistema Linnean por el P. Fr. Antonio Llanos, Agustino Calzado, anadidos con otros trabajos del autor y vertidos al Latin por el P. Fr. Celestino Fernandez-villar del mismo instituto (1880) XVI 1-108. Libro de medicinas de esta tierra y declaraciones de las virtudes de los arboles y plantas que estan en estas islas Filipinas compuesto por el P, Predicador Fr. Ignacio de Mercado filipinense del orden de San Agustin hijo del convento de San Pablo de Manila. Corregido e ilustrado con las clasificaciones cientificas por el P. Fr. Celestino Fernandez-villar del mismo instituto (1880) VI 1-63. • Cook, A. C. Some Filipino Botany. Plant World 4 (1901) 1-5.
REMARKS UPON TWO SPECIES OF DEER OF THE GENUS CERVUS FROM THE PHILIPPINE ARCHIPELAGO, BY D. G. ELLIOT, F. R. S. E In a former paper, issued last May (1896), I described two species of deer from Basilan and Culion, respectively, of the Philippine Archipelago, the first as C. steerii; and in the case of the latter I refrained from bestowing a name upon it, as I had not seen the paper on Philippine deer published by Heude in China. Cervus steerii was compared with C. philippinus and C. nigricans, Brooke. Last autumn, having had an opportunity to examine the type of C. philippinus in the Natural History Museum in the Jardin des Plantes, Paris, through the courtesy of my friend, Dr. E. Oustalet, I ascertained that my new species was hardly comparable with it in any way save a similarity in the shape of the antlers; C. steerii is not much over half the size of C. philippinus, and differs also in the color of the coat. In fact it would seem to belong to quite another section of the group, than that represented by C. philippinus. Beside the type, there were several other examples of the species in the Museum, but all of them, even the young animals, were much larger than the type of C. steerii. It would seem, therefore, that we must look for its near ally in some other species of Philippine deer, as yet unknown to me. In the splendid library of the Zoological Society of London, I was able to find a copy of Heude's paper on the deer of the Philippine islands, and after careful search was unable to ascertain that the species of deer described by me from Culion was mentioned. The paper is really of little assistance in determining the various species, and the author appears to have seen a new one in almost every example he procured, and unless one has access to the material in his possession it will be practically impossible to recognize the animals upon which he has bestowed so great a list of names. Therefore I propose to christen the animal from Culion, and call it CERVUS CULIONENSIS, in order that, at all events, the Museum specimens can be intelligently referred to.
3 FIELDIANA ZOOLOGY Published by CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Volume 4 April 26, 1957 No. 1 Philippine Zoological Expedition 1946-1947 PHILIPPINE SNAILS OF THE FAMILY ENDODONTIDAE Alan Solem Assistant Curator, Lower Invertebrates INTRODUCTION A new endodontic! snail in Chicago Natural History Museum, collected on Mindanao by the Philippine Zoological Expedition, 1946-47, has prompted a review of the synonymy, generic position, and distribution of the Philippine Island Endodontidae. This paper is a by-product of a survey of the genera of Indo-pacific Endodontidae undertaken at the University of Michigan in 1954-56. Completion of the major project has been delayed, and publication, at this time, of data on the few Philippine species seems worth while. Dr. Henry van der Schalie of the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (hereafter UMMZ) permitted me to study material under his charge, and Dr. Fritz Haas of Chicago Natural History Museum (hereafter CNHM) aided this study in many ways. The excellent illustrations are the work of Chicago Natural History Museum Staff Artist, E. John Pfiffner. systematics The family Endodontidae probably contains the most primitive of the living sigmurethrous pulmonates. Predominately a southern hemisphere taxon, only in New Zealand, southern Australia, Tasmania, New Caledonia, and on the islands of the Pacific Ocean have the endodontids undergone such extensive adaptive radiations that they form an important part of the molluscan fauna. South Africa, No 819 THEUBWWOFTHE MA Y 131957 At VICTORY SURVEY
E o O N — o S E" S: c E S 8 si o u s -y; O — 57 co 4) ; 22ca o b-S o 3 3 o z E c Sl< x — U c. 5 " — Si 2 "3 c J P 3 o c i O U 35 u — N 2 5 -s 5 E -it1 ci "1 i a Is 1 — CO si? — —U o --> OC 1 A c 3> Tpt "t 00 t to 1 p, 2 d in oc' r-i r> — oo r — o o r4 t-L 1 t in r4 i ri ce — r. soon i — — no — ON 1 — 3 l t 'f m a 1 i N — O f C o Tl . 2 u. S Specimens Examined — Total 3. Site 4 (2 msu-iit); Site 13 (1 dmnh). Rhinolophus virgo K. Anderson, 1905 The yellow-faced horseshoe bat is an endemic species widespread within the Philippines. It is usually encountered in primary lowland forest from 250 to 1100 m; several records are from caves (Heaney et al, 1991; Rickart et al, 1993). We obtained one adult female from the edge of a small tree-fall gap in primary montane forest at 1275 m on 22 March 1995 (Site 7). It has small mammae and showed no indication of reproductive activity. Cranial dimensions (Table 5) fall within the range of those from Leyte and Maripipi but are slightly smaller than those from Mindanao (Mt. Kitanglad; Rickart et al, 1993; Heaney et al, unpubl. data). Specimens Examined — Total 1. Site 7 (1 fmnh). Family Vespertilionidae — Common Bats Murina cyclotis Dobson, 1872 The round-eared tube-nosed bat is widespread in southern Asia and was previously known in the Philippines from a few specimens from the central and southern portion of Greater Luzon as well as Greater Mindanao, Sibuyan, and Siquijor, with records from disturbed and primary lowland and montane forest from 250 to 1500 m (Heaney et al, 1991, 1998, 1999, unpubl. data; Rickart et al, 1993; Ruedas, 1994; Lepiten, 1997). We netted one adult female in May 1994 in secondary lowland forest at 1000 m (Site 4). Specimens Examined — Total 1. Site 4 (1 msu-iit). Pipistrellus javanicus (Gray, 1838) The Javan pipistrelle is found from Korea to Java and throughout the Philippines. It is generally common in primary montane forest and uncommon in primary lowland and mossy forest, though it has been found from sea level to 2250 m (Ingle, 1992; Heaney et al, 1998, 1999, unpubl. data). A single skin without a skull, tentatively identified as this species, was obtained from Camiguin by the 1960s surveys. In March 1995, two were netted in primary montane forest at 1275 m (Site 7). Cranial and external measurements (Table 5) are comparable with those of a series from Mindanao (Mt. Kitanglad) in most dimensions (Heaney et al, unpubl. data). 38 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
146 yellow variegations. Length of head and body 390 mm; tail 80 mm. Fig. 60. Rhabdopliuhum forsteni (D. & B) X 'A-Side view of head. Habitat: Celebes! (Tomohon, Rurukan). 34. Pseudorhabdium Jan. (Jan. Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. II p. lo, 1862). Head not distinct from neck; eye small; pupil round; nasal very small; internasals small; loreal absent; praeocular small or absent; temporals absent; the parietals in contact with the labials. Maxillary teeth 10 — 12, equal; anterior mandibular teeth longer than posterior. Body round, covered with smooth scales without pits, in 15 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail short; subcaudals in two rows. Distribution. Malay Peninsula and Archipelago; Philippines, A single species in the Indo-australian region. I. Pseudorhabdium longiceps (Cant). Calamaria longiceps Cantor, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal XVI 1847, p. 910, pi. 40, fig. I. Pscudoihahdium longiceps Boulenger, Cat. Sn. II 1894, p. 329. Snout pointed; rostral small, as deep as broad, visible from above; internasals small; frontal as long as or shorter than its distance from, the tip of the snout, shorter than the parietals, more than twice as broad as the supraocular; praeocular small