Nonlinear Dynamics of Militarization and Income Inequality Nexus in Post-Socialist Eastern Europe: A Panel Kink Regression Analysis (1990–2023)
Journal: Peace Economics Peace Science and Public Policy
Year: 2025

Abstract This paper examines the relationship between militarization, and income inequality in Eastern Bloc European countries from 1990 to 2023 – a period marked by post-socialist transition, economic upheaval, and political instability. The region’s unique geopolitical position and complex socio-political structure have contributed to widening socioeconomic disparities and rising militarization. Using a panel kink regression (PKR) model with the Global Militarisation Index and GINI index, we i