THE GEOPOLITICS OF KAZAKHSTAN UNDER THE PRESIDENCY OF KASSYMJOMART TOKAYEV: ADAPTABILITY, OPENNESS, AND RATIONALITY
Journal: Bulletin of the Kyrgyz State University I Arabaev
Year: 2025

The aim of this study is to identify the geopolitical specificity of Kazakhstan during the presidency of Kassym-Jomart Tokayev. The article examines the evolution of the country’s foreign policy from the period of Nursultan Nazarbayev to the current stage. Particular emphasis is placed on the transformation of the multi-vector policy from a strategy of balancing into an instrument for actively shaping regional agency. The theoretical framework of the study highlights adaptability, openness, and