The impact of a full-scale war on the Black Sea ecosystems of Ukraine and the entire sea in general
Year: 2023

The Russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 and the ongoing Russian-Ukrainian war have a significant impact on the Black Sea ecosystems, especially on their biotic component.About 87 % volume of the Black Sea are heavily anoxic.The northwestern part of the sea has the best conditions for the development of biota.This water area is well warmed by the sun's rays in the warm period of the year and rivers saturate seawater with dissolved oxygen and nutrients.This part of the sea is o