Investigating the Effect of Bacilli and Lactic Acid Bacteria on Water Quality, Growth, Survival, Immune Response, and Intestinal Microbiota of Cultured Litopenaeus vannamei
Journal: Animals
Year: 2024

Shrimp is one of the most important aquaculture industries. Therefore, we determined the effect of nitrifying-probiotic bacteria on water quality, growth, survival, immune response, and intestinal microbiota of <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> cultured without water exchange. In vitro, only <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i> used total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrites, and nitrates since nitrogen bubbles were produced. TAN decreased significantly in the treatments with <i>B. licheniformis</i> and <i>Pedio