The Black Sea Region in the Context of the Clash of Five Global Geopolitical Projections: Novorossiya, the Wider Black Sea Region, the Belt and Road Initiative, the Three Seas Initiative, and the Turkish World
Journal: REGIONOLOGY
Year: 2026

Introduction. The modern Black Sea region is a strategic kernel of global geopolitical rivalry of leading powers. The events of the Crimean Spring, Crimea's reunification with the Russian Federation, and the Special Military Operation that followed initiated a fundamental revision of the post-bipolar, Western-cen- tric model of world order, introducing escalation risks for the policies of Russia, the United States, China, the European Union, Turkey, and Iran in this macroregion. The aim of this