Beyond refugee camps: housing solutions for war refugees from Ukraine in Poland
Journal: Crime Law and Social Change
Year: 2025

Abstract In the wake of the Russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, Poland received the greatest number of refugees. While for some it was a transit country and a significant number returned to Ukraine following the stabilisation of the front, nearly one million refugees remained in Poland on a long-term basis. The majority were women with children, the elderly, and people with disabilities. It was the gravest humanitarian crisis in Poland’s post-World War II history. The existi