Midges below zero: A review of hibernal emergence of Chironomidae in temperate regions
Journal: CHIRONOMUS Journal of Chironomidae Research
Year: 2025

The Chironomidae are one of several groups of aquatic insects with representatives that possess cold hardening strategies that allow pronounced hibernal activity, including species that complete their life and reproduce only during the coldest months of the year. Although these winter-active species are often ignored in aquatic studies, relatively recent research has demonstrated that these insects are not only interesting, but they can also be an important and diverse element of aquatic insect