Obliged to hate: The successful stigmatisation of anti-war voices in Azerbaijan
Journal: Review of International Studies
Year: 2025

Abstract In International Relations (IR) scholarship, there is a growing body of research on the connections between emotions, stigma, and norm violations. It is often presumed that for stigma imposition to be successful , norm violators should feel shame . We argue instead that the emotional dynamics that inform the management of stigma are more complex and involve overlooked emotions such as anxiety, sadness , and hopelessness . We substantiate this by analysing the successful stigmatisation o