Revisiting the Geneva Conventions: Are the Four Core Conventions Sufficient for 21st Century Warfare?
Journal: The critical review of social sciences studies
Year: 2025

The Geneva Conventions of 1949, along with their Additional Protocols, form the foundation of international humanitarian law IHL governing armed conflict. However, the evolution of warfare in the 21st century characterized by cyber operations, autonomous weapons, urban warfare, and the involvement of non-state actors has raised serious questions about the adequacy of these core legal instruments. This study critically examines whether the four Geneva Conventions remain sufficient to address the