Middle Powers Between the West and the “Rest”: Turkey During the Russian War on Ukraine
Journal: Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi
Year: 2025

Turkey is a middle power that has been illustrating proactive foreign policy over the last decades with a strong motivation for “strategic autonomy.” Turkish foreign policy during the Russian invasion of Ukraine is an interesting case in which to examine and understand the role of middle powers in the changing international order. Especially in the context of widening gaps between the geopolitical positioning of the West, led by the United States and the European Union, and the “Rest,” increasin