National identities of China and the U.S. in Kazakhstani media: a post-Russia–Ukraine war analysis
Journal: Humanities and Social Sciences Communications
Year: 2025

Following the outbreak of the Ukraine Crisis, Central Asia has emerged as a critical arena for geopolitical competition and geoeconomic rivalry between China and the United States. Understanding how Central Asian countries construct the identities of these two powers is essential for predicting their policy choices amidst Sino–American competition. This study draws on constructivist identity theory and Qin Yaqing’s theory of relational identity. Using a combination of topic modeling, corpus-base