Chapter 1: The significance of the Liberal International Order
Year: 2025

This scholarly monograph examines the sustainability of the Liberal International Order (LIO) by critically examining the conduct of the Permanent Five (P5) members of the United Nations Security Council: China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States of America. As principal custodians of global peace and security under the Charter of the United Nations, the P5’s alignment, or misalignment, with the foundational principles of the LIO holds profound implications for its legitima