Nutrient asymmetry challenges the sustainability of Ukrainian agriculture
Journal: Communications Earth & Environment
Year: 2025

The Russian invasion of Ukraine has disrupted crop exports and global food security, overshadowing critical nutrient asymmetry and the associated environmental risks. Here we demonstrate that following nutrient shortages after independence in 1991, fertilizer use increased over 2000-2021, but has decreased sharply following the invasion in early 2022. Input-output balances of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) for staple crops (wheat, maize and sunflower) highlight soil P and K minin