The influx of refugees from Ukraine and changes in Polish educational policy: A case study of the National External Examinations System
Journal: Review of Education
Year: 2025

Abstract Due to Russia's full‐scale invasion of Ukraine, 144,000 Ukrainian children enrolled in Polish schools for the 2022/2023 school year. Ukrainian schoolchildren, akin to Polish students, have the right to take the eighth grade exam and the matriculation exam, enabling further free education. Faced with the significant influx of school‐age refugee children into the examination system, we examined Polish national exam sheets to assess changes in the existence and content of elements related