The Russian Hybrid Threat in Italy: Political Influence, Propaganda and Disinformation
Journal: Vilnius University Open Series
Year: 2025

In recent years, Italy has emerged as one of the European Union’s most exposed fronts to Russian influence operations. Following the large-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Italian intelligence reports have identified the Russian Federation as the main actor behind the so-called hybrid threat, carried out through political, economic, informational, diplomatic, and cyber instruments. This study examines the Russian hybrid threat in Italy, structured around three main lines of action: political i