NATO and the Changing Space Security Environment: Strategic Challenges from China and Russia
Journal: Journal of Liberty and International Affairs Institute for Research and European Studies - Bitola
Year: 2025

Space has become a strategically critical domain for both state and non-state actors, including NATO and the European Union, due to its impact on sectors such as communication, navigation, intelligence, agriculture, transport, science, and banking. NATO’s strategic concepts have evolved in response to this changing environment, culminating in the recognition of space as an operational domain and reflecting an evolutionary approach to emerging threats. This study analyzes NATO’s growing focus on