GOLDEN HORDE BRACELETS FROM THE LOWER VOLGA REGION MONUMENTS (PRODUCTION TECHNIQUE AND ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION)
Journal: Nizhnevolzhskiy Arheologicheskiy Vestnik
Year: 2025

A series of 13 bracelets from the Golden Horde period (second half of the 13th – 14th century AD) originating from urban and burial monuments of the Lower Volga region was studied using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis to determine their elemental composition; the main manufacturing techniques were also identified. The items presented in the sample belong to the common types of Golden Horde bracelets – wire and plate, with variations of ornaments and their combinations characteristic of the Gol