7 The EU’s Changing Strategy towards Russia: The Response to Aggression
Journal: Bristol University Press eBooks
Year: 2025

This chapter examines changes in the EU’s foreign policy towards Russia by assessing their gradually increasing contentions over Ukraine in two phases: First, from the annexation of Crimea in March 2014 until November 2018 when Russia was shelling Ukrainian vessels in the Kerch Strait. Second, since this incident in the Sea of Azov until February 2024. The chapter considers Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014, the shelling of Ukrainian vessels in the Sea of Azov in 2018, and the full-scale inv