The Black Sea. State-of-the-art and protection
Journal: Risks and Catastrophes Journal
Year: 2025

The Black Sea is situated in the Northern Hemisphere, in the temperate zone, by its geographical coordinates (40˚55' and 46º32' north latitude, 27º42' and 41º42' east longitude). Because of its limited connection with the Planetary Ocean, and lying within the European continent, we can consider it a continental sea. Its main morphometric elements are – area of the sea waters of 421,638 km² (without of 38,000 km² of the Azov Sea), maximum depth 2,245 m, average depth 1,288 m, water volume 529,955