Middle–Late Miocene Paleogeography of the Eastern Paratethys. Part IV. Karaganian Basin: Stratigraphy, Facies, Paleogeography and Biota
Journal: Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation
Year: 2025

The Karaganian basin was characterized by strongly impoverished, highly endemic fauna inherited from the previous Late Chokrakian basin and not reflecting the influence of open sea waters. A positive water balance following the isolation of the basin resulted in the expansion of its area. The area covered by the Karaganian sea significantly exceeded that of the previous Miocene basins and the Karaganian sediments in the marginal parts unconformably overlie older beds, often with a basal conglome