Resilience indicators for the EU natural gas system
Journal: Environment Systems & Decisions
Year: 2025

The European Union’s natural gas policy has undergone a profound transformation since the energy crisis began in 2021. In response to supply disruptions and price volatility, policymakers swiftly expanded the existing 2017 security of supply framework by introducing a series of new regulations, aiming to provide a swift and coordinated EU reaction to the gas crisis. They supplemented the existing strategies of diversifying supply and improving infrastructure with several new measures, including