Tracing Water–Rock–Gas Reactions in Shallow Productive Mud Chambers of Active Mud Volcanoes in the Caspian Sea Region (Azerbaijan)
Journal: Minerals
Year: 2023

We present geochemical and mineralogical datasets for five new mud volcanoes in continental Azerbaijan (Hamamdagh and Bendovan) and the adjacent Caspian Sea (Khara-Zire, Garasu and Sangi-Mughan). The fluid ejects have a Na–Cl-type composition and are generated by the mixing of evaporated Caspian seawater and low- to high-salinity pore waters, as indicated by Br–B and Cl–B systematics and Na–K and SiO2 geo-thermometers. The fluids contain high concentrations of As, Ba, Cu, Si, Li, Sr and Zn (60 t