From accommodation to confrontation: European Union’s approach to Russian aggression from 1994 to 2024 – developmentalism perspective
Journal: DSpace repository (University of Tartu)
Year: 2025

f, as Vaclav Havel observed in 2008, Russia’s status anxiety and blurred sense of borders fuel its force projection, why did the European Union keep speaking the language of partnership, reform, and shared progress in the face of repeated force projections—and what finally broke that inertia? This study proposes that the answer lies in the EU's adoption of what can be termed developmentalist worldview — a vision in which Russia was seen as a state in transition, capable of transformation and int