Chinese and Russian Military Modernization and the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Journal: Global power shift
Year: 2022

Abstract China and Russia are both keen to exploit cutting-edge technologies for military use. Most of these advanced technologies are embedded in the so-called fourth industrial revolution (4IR), such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, automation and robotics, quantum computing, big data, 5G networking, and the “Internet of Things” (IoT). At the same time, most research and development (R &amp; D) taking place in the 4IR is occurring in the commercial realm. The usefulness of