Analysis of the forces and means of electromagnetic influence (spoofing and jamming) of Russia from the Black Sea
Journal: Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy
Year: 2025

The start of the war against Ukraine, initiated by Russia, has led to an increase in risks related to GPS jamming, AIS spoofing, communication jamming, electronic interference, and cyberattacks in the Black Sea region. This paper analyses the cyber risks on board ship, cyberattacks on ships sailing in the Black Sea and the Russian Federation's electronic warfare forces and means.