EU(ropean) Differentiated Defence Integration
Journal: The European Union in international affairs
Year: 2023

Abstract Even though the need to improve European joint defence capacity has been on the agenda of both NATO and the EU, individually and in partnership for over a decade, it has not yet been fully achieved. The Russian invasion was a brutal reminder that Europe is still largely dependent on the US for its security. This added further momentum to the process of building up a stronger European defence capacity, which has already been ongoing for a decade. The EU’s adoption of the Strategic Compas