The Global Sanctions Data Base—Release 4: The Heterogeneous Effects of the Sanctions on Russia
Journal: World Economy
Year: 2025

ABSTRACT This paper introduces the fourth release of the Global Sanctions Data Base (GSDB‐R4). Covering the period 1950–2023, it contains 1547 sanctions cases, including the recent ones against Russia. The GSDB‐R4 comes in two versions, a case‐specific and a dyadic version, both freely available upon request. To highlight one of the new features of the GSDB‐R4, we combine it with trade data until 2023 to study the effects of the sanctions on Russia's trade within an econometric gravity model. We