Great Bolgar’s historical genetics: a genomic study of individuals from burials close to the Greek Chamber in the 14th century
Journal: Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding
Year: 2025

Bolgar was one of the most significant mediaeval cities in Eastern Europe. Before the Mongol conquest, it served as a major administrative centre of Volga Bulgaria, and after 1236, it temporarily functioned as the capital of the Golden Horde. Historical, archaeological, and paleoanthropological evidence indicates a mixed population of this city during the 13th-15th centuries; however, the contributions of exact ethnic groups into its genetic structure remain unclear. To date, there are no geneti