The Effect of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Stock on Sustainable Growth in Türkiye: Endogenous Growth with ARDL Approach
Journal: Sustainability
Year: 2026

This study examines whether inward foreign direct investment (FDI) has ultimately supported or hindered sustainable economic growth in Türkiye by analyzing the impact of FDI stocks on output per worker within an endogenous-growth framework. Using annual data for 1970–2024 and an ARDL approach, the study estimates the short- and long-run effects of FDI stock, distinguishes these effects from those of domestic capital stock, and assesses whether they remain stable across different sub-periods. The