Active measures. Russia’s key export. OSW Point of View 64, June 2017
Journal: Archive of European Integration (AEI) (University of Pittsburgh)
Year: 2017

The remarks presented in this paper show the complexity and multi-dimensionality of the techniques referred to as ‘active measures’. The renaissance of this question currently observable today has called their role in causing crises into prominence. This topic also deserves special treatment because the contemporary forms of active measures are largely based on patterns already known and described in the past. A historical perspective may help to assess and identify their covert mechanisms. The