Decoding gendered political communication on Facebook and Twitter/X before and during Russia’s 2022 full-scale invasion of Ukraine
Journal: Digital War
Year: 2025

Abstract This study analyzes along gender lines Ukrainian political communication in both English and Ukrainian on Twitter/X and Facebook during comparable periods before (February to June 2021) and during (February to June 2022) Russia’s 2022 full-scale invasion of Ukraine. An original database of Ukrainian politicians’ socio-demographic attributes was created and analyzed using a novel mixed methods approach of structural topic modeling and social network analysis that transcends traditional c