One Europe or None? Monism, Involution and Relations with Russia
Year: 2022

PEACE FROM 1989 came to an end, and the continent was forced to come to terms with the harsh reality that the idealism and aspirations vested in the fall of the Berlin Wall and the destruction of the 'Iron Curtain' had not been fulfilled. Instead of the creation of a 'common European home', as advanced by the last Soviet leader, Mikhail Gorbachev, in Strasburg in July 1989, or the alternative but putatively complementary vision of one Europe 'whole and free', as articulated in the 'Charter of Pa