Why Not Condemn China and Russia? Global South Reactions to Norm Contestation and Implications for the LIO
Journal: Global Studies Quarterly
Year: 2025

Abstract The liberal international order (LIO) is transitioning, marked by rising non-Western powers and norm contestation. However, current research often overlooks how varying reactions to norm contestation shape this process. This raises two questions: Why do states differ in their responses to norm challenges, and what implications do these patterns hold for the LIO? This study addresses this gap by advancing a theoretical framework that positions reactions to norm contestations as key indic