ConseggioLigure/seed-instruct-lij-eng huggingface dataset:
Traduxi sto testo in ingleise:
St’argomento de prescioin oppòste o l’é stæto deuviou pe longo tempo pe scartâ a poscibilitæ de tendense interne inte l’evoluçion, fin à quande l’era molecolare a l’à promòsso un interesse renovou pe l’evoluçion naturale.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
This opposing-pressures argument was long used to dismiss the possibility of internal tendencies in evolution, until the molecular era prompted renewed interest in neutral evolution.
Ti peu tradue sto testo in ingleise?
Comme exempio, i bias de mutaçion son invocæ de frequente inti modelli d’utilizzaion di codoin.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
For instance, mutation biases are frequently invoked in models of codon usage.
Traduxi in lengua ingleise:
Varri bias d’inserçion vs. deleçion inte di taxa despægi peuan portâ à l’evoluçion de varie dimenscioin do genöma.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Different insertion vs. deletion biases in different taxa can lead to the evolution of different genome sizes.
Traduxi in lengua ingleise:
O pensceo contemporaneo in sciô ròllo di bias de mutaçion o riflette unna teoria despægia da quella de Haldane e Fisher.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Contemporary thinking about the role of mutation biases reflects a different theory from that of Haldane and Fisher.
Traduxi in ingleise:
I orgaismo peuan anche responde a-a seleçion pe mezo da cooperaçion fra de liatri, pe-o sòlito aggiuttando i seu parenti ò impegnandose inte de scimbioxi vantaggiose.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Organisms can also respond to selection by cooperating with each other, usually by aiding their relatives or engaging in mutually beneficial symbiosis.
Traduxi sto testo da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
A macroevoluçion a fa referensa à l’evoluçion ch’a se verifica a-o livello da speçie ò à un livello ciù grande, mascime speçiaçion e estinçion; tanto che a microevoluçion a fa referensa à di cangi evolutivi ciù piccin drento de unna speçie ò de unna popolaçion, mascime cangi inta frequensa allelica e inte l’adattamento.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Macroevolution refers to evolution that occurs at or above the level of species, in particular speciation and extinction; whereas microevolution refers to smaller evolutionary changes within a species or population, in particular shifts in allele frequency and adaptation.
Traduxi da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
À tutti i mòddi, inta macroevoluçion, i tratti da speçie intrega peuan ëse importanti.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
However, in macroevolution, the traits of the entire species may be important.
Traduxi da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
Un malinteiso frequente o l’é che l’evoluçion a l’agge di obiettivi, di cen à longo raggio ò unna tendensa innâ a-o «progresso», comme esprescion de creddense comme l’ortogenexi e l’evoluçionismo; realisticamente, però, l’evoluçion a l’à di obiettivi à longo raggio e a no produxe pe fòrsa unna complescitæ ciù grande.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
A common misconception is that evolution has goals, long-term plans, or an innate tendency for "progress", as expressed in beliefs such as orthogenesis and evolutionism; realistically however, evolution has no long-term goal and does not necessarily produce greater complexity.
Traduxi sto testo da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
In azzonta, o termine adattamento o peu fâ referensa à un træto ch’o l’é importante pe-a sopravivensa de un organismo.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Also, the term adaptation may refer to a trait that is important for an organism's survival.
Traduxi da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
Di atri exempi eclatanti son o battëio Escherichia coli ch’o l’evòlve a capaçitæ de deuviâ l’açido çitrico comme nutriente inte un esperimento de laboratöio à longo termine, Flavobacterium ch’o l’evòlve un neuvo enzima ch’o permette à sti battëi de cresce in scî sottaproduti da produçion de nailo e o battëio do seu Sphingobium, ch’o l’evòlve un percorso metabòlico do tutto neuvo ch’o degradda o pestiçidda scintetico pentaclorofenölo.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Other striking examples are the bacteria Escherichia coli evolving the ability to use citric acid as a nutrient in a long-term laboratory experiment, Flavobacterium evolving a novel enzyme that allows these bacteria to grow on the by-products of nylon manufacturing, and the soil bacterium Sphingobium evolving an entirely new metabolic pathway that degrades the synthetic pesticide pentachlorophenol.
Quæ a l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
De conseguensa, struttue con unn’organizzaçion interna someggiante peuan avei de fonçioin despæge inte di organismi affin.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Consequently, structures with similar internal organisation may have different functions in related organisms.
Traduxi sto testo da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
À tutti i mòddi, dæto che tutti i organismi viventi en impæntæ à quarche mesua, anche di òrgani che pan ch’aggian pöca ò nisciuña summeggiansa à livello de struttua, comme i euggi d’artròpodi, cämæ e vertebræ, ò i arti e e ae d’artròpodi e vertebræ, peuan depende da un insemme commun de geni omòloghi che contròllan o seu assemblaggio e a seu fonçion; sta chì a piggia o nomme d’omologia profonda.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
However, since all living organisms are related to some extent, even organs that appear to have little or no structural similarity, such as arthropod, squid and vertebrate eyes, or the limbs and wings of arthropods and vertebrates, can depend on a common set of homologous genes that control their assembly and function; this is called deep homology.
Traduxi in ingleise:
I exempi comprendan i pseudogeni, i resti no fonçionali di euggi inti pesci cavernicoli sensa vista, e ae inti öxelli che no peuan xoâ, a presensa d’òsse inte l’anca de baleñe e inti serpenti e i tratti sessuali inte di organismi che se reproduxan pe mezo da reproduçion asessuâ.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Examples include pseudogenes, the non-functional remains of eyes in blind cave-dwelling fish, wings in flightless birds, the presence of hip bones in whales and snakes, and sexual traits in organisms that reproduce via asexual reproduction.
Quæ a l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
Un exempio o l’é a grigoa africaña Holaspis guentheri, ch’a l’à sviluppou unna testa estramemente ciatta pe ascondise inte fissue, comme se peu nottâ da l’osservaçion di seu parenti streiti.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
One example is the African lizard Holaspis guentheri, which developed an extremely flat head for hiding in crevices, as can be seen by looking at its near relatives.
Traduxi da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
Un atro exempio o l’é o reclutamento di enzimi da glicolixi e do metabolismo xenobiòtico pe servî da proteiñe stutturale ciammæ crestalliñe drento de lente di euggi di organismi.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Another example is the recruitment of enzymes from glycolysis and xenobiotic metabolism to serve as structural proteins called crystallins within the lenses of organisms' eyes.
Traduxi da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
Sti studdi an demostrou che l’evoluçion a peu alterâ o sviluppo pe produe de neuve struttue, comme e struttue embrionale de òsse che se sviluppan inta mandibola; inte di atri animæ, in cangio, forman parte de l’oegia media inti mammiferi.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
These studies have shown that evolution can alter development to produce new structures, such as embryonic bone structures that develop into the jaw in other animals instead forming part of the middle ear in mammals.
Ti peu tradue sto testo in ingleise?
Dapeu sti cangi inta segonda speçie pròvocan, à seu vòtta, di neuvi adattamenti inta primma speçie.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
These changes in the second species then, in turn, cause new adaptations in the first species.
Traduxi da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
S’é evoluo ascì de coaliçioin tra di oganismi da mæxima speçie
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Coalitions between organisms of the same species have also evolved.
Traduxi sto testo in ingleise:
Chì e çellole somatiche respondan à di segnæ speçifichi che ghe dixan s’an da cresce, da arrestâ comme son ò donca moî.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Here, somatic cells respond to specific signals that instruct them whether to grow, remain as they are, or die.
Traduxi da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
Gh’é divese mainee de definî o conçetto de «speçie».
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
There are multiple ways to define the concept of "species."
Traduxi sto testo da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
Sciben che ghe segge da diverscitæ tra i varri conçetti de speçie, sti conçetti despægi peuan vegnî collocæ inte uña de træ larghe metodologie filosòfiche: consanguineo, ecològico e filogenetico.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Despite the diversity of various species concepts, these various concepts can be placed into one of three broad philosophical approaches: interbreeding, ecological and phylogenetic.
Ti peu tradue sto testo in ingleise?
Sciben ch’o peu ëse deuviou pe longo tempo, a BSC comme atre a no l’é sensa controversie; pe fâ un exempio, perché sti conçetti no peuan vegnî applicæ a-i procariöti, e questo o l’é dito problema da speçie.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Despite its wide and long-term use, the BSC like others is not without controversy, for example because these concepts cannot be applied to prokaryotes, and this is called the species problem.
Quæ a l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
O flusso genico o peu rallentâ sto proçesso co-a diffuxon de neuve variante genetiche a-e atre popolaçioin.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Gene flow may slow this process by spreading the new genetic variants also to the other populations.
Traduxi in ingleise:
Inte sto caxo, de speçie imparentæ de forma streita peuan incroxâse regolarmente, ma i ibridi saian seleçionæ contra e e speçie arrestan distinte.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
In this case, closely related species may regularly interbreed, but hybrids will be selected against and the species will remain distinct.
Traduxi sto testo da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
A speçiaçion a l’é stæta osservâ ciù vòtte in condiçioin de laboratöio controllæ (s’ammie esperimenti de speçiaçion da laboratöio) che inta natua.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Speciation has been observed multiple times under both controlled laboratory conditions (see laboratory experiments of speciation) and in nature.
Traduxi sto testo in ingleise:
A ciù commun inti animæ a l’é a speçiaçion allopatrica, ch’a se verifica inte de popolaçioin che a-o comenso son isolæ in sciô livello geografico, comme pe frammentaçion de habitat ò migraçion.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
The most common in animals is allopatric speciation, which occurs in populations initially isolated geographically, such as by habitat fragmentation or migration.
Traduxi sto testo da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
A tersa modalitæ a l’é a speçiaçion parapatrica.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
The third mode is parapatric speciation.
Ti peu tradue sto testo in ingleise?
A seleçion contra l’ibridaçion co-a popolaçion parentale senscibile a-i metalli a l’à produto un cangio gradduale into tempo che e ciante che rexistan a-i metalli sccioiscian, che in sciâ fin a l’à produto un isolamento reproduttivo completo.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Selection against interbreeding with the metal-sensitive parental population produced a gradual change in the flowering time of the metal-resistant plants, which eventually produced complete reproductive isolation.
Ti peu tradue sto testo in ingleise?
Sta forma a l’é ræa perché anche unna quantitæ picciña de flusso genico a peu scassâ e differense genetiche tra e parte de unna popolaçion.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
This form is rare since even a small amount of gene flow may remove genetic differences between parts of a population.
Traduxi in ingleise:
Sto fæto o no l’é commun inte bestie perché i ibridi animali pe-o sòlito no peuan figgiâ.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
This is not common in animals as animal hybrids are usually sterile.
Traduxi da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
Questo o permette a-i cromosömi de tutte e speçie parentale de formâ de cobbie correspondente durante a meioxi, perché i cromosömi de tutti i genitoî en za representæ da unna cobbia.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
This allows the chromosomes from each parental species to form matching pairs during meiosis, since each parent's chromosomes are represented by a pair already.
Traduxi sto testo da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
In effetti, a duplicaçion cromosòmica drento de unna speíe a peu ëse unna causa frequente d’isolamento reproduttivo, dæto che a meitæ di cromosömi duplicæ saian scompagnæ quande se reproduxan con di organismi no duplicæ.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Indeed, chromosome doubling within a species may be a common cause of reproductive isolation, as half the doubled chromosomes will be unmatched when breeding with undoubled organisms.
Traduxi sto testo da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
Squæxi tutte e speçie animali e vegetale ch’an visciuo in sciâ Tæra oua en estinte e pâ che l’estinçion a segge o destin finale de tutte e speçie.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Nearly all animal and plant species that have lived on Earth are now extinct, and extinction appears to be the ultimate fate of all species.
Traduxi in lengua ingleise:
Sciben che se segge stimmou l’estinçion pe ciù do 99% de speçie visciue in sciâ Tæra, se stimma che a-o momento in sciâ Tæra ghe segge mille miliardi de speçie con solo che un milleximo de l’1% stæto descrito.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Despite the estimated extinction of more than 99 percent of all species that ever lived on Earth, about 1 trillion species are estimated to be on Earth currently with only one-thousandth of one percent described.
Traduxi sto testo da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
À commento de descoverte australiañe, Stephen Blair Hedges o l’à scrito: «Se a vitta in sciâ Tæra a l’é spægâ relativamente fito, aloa a porrieiva ëse frequente inte l’universo».
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Commenting on the Australian findings, Stephen Blair Hedges wrote, "If life arose relatively quickly on Earth, then it could be common in the universe."
Traduxi in ingleise:
E stimme in sciâ quantitæ de speçie presente a-o momento in sciâ Tæra van da-i 10 a-i 14 mioin, di quæ se stimma che 1,9 mioin pöcassæ seggian stæte nomminæ e 1,6 mioin documentæ inte unna banca de dæti fin à ancheu, coscì che a-o manco l’80% o no l’é ancon stæto descrito.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.9 million are estimated to have been named and 1.6 million documented in a central database to date, leaving at least 80 percent not yet described.
Ti peu tradue sto testo in ingleise?
A descendensa commun di organismi a l’é stæta deduta da quattro fæti senci in scî organismi: pe primma cösa, an de distribuçioin geografiche che no peuan vegnî spiegæ da l’adattamento locale.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
The common descent of organisms was first deduced from four simple facts about organisms: First, they have geographic distributions that cannot be explained by local adaptation.
Quæ a l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
Quarto, i organismi peuan vegnî clascificæ pe mezo de ste someggiansa inte unna gerarchia de gruppi anniæ, ch’a l’assomeggia à un erbo genealògico.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Fourth, organisms can be classified using these similarities into a hierarchy of nested groups, similar to a family tree.
Traduxi sto testo in ingleise:
Sta vixon a remonta à unn’idea mensunâ brevemente da Darwin, ma che dapeu a l’ea stæta abandonâ.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
This view dates back to an idea briefly mentioned by Darwin but later abandoned.
Traduxi in lengua ingleise:
Ciù de reçente, e preuve da descendensa commun en vegnue da-o studio de summeggianse biochimiche tra i organismi.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
More recently, evidence for common descent has come from the study of biochemical similarities between organisms.
Traduxi sto testo in ingleise:
E çellole eucariòtiche son emerse tra 1,6 e 2,7 mioin d’anni fa.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
The eukaryotic cells emerged between 1.6 and 2.7 billion years ago.
Traduxi sto testo da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
Unn’atra fagoçitaçion d’organismi che s’assomeggian a-o cianobattëi a l’à portou a-a formaçion di cloroplasti inte æghe e inte ciante.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Another engulfment of cyanobacterial-like organisms led to the formation of chloroplasts in algae and plants.
Traduxi in ingleise:
Do zenâ do 2016, i scensiæ an referio che, 800 mioin d’anni fa pöcassæ, un cangio genetico piccin inte unna sola molecola ciammâ GK-PID a porrieiva avei permisso a-i organismi de passâ da un organismo da una çellola sola à un atro con tante çellole.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
In January 2016, scientists reported that, about 800 million years ago, a minor genetic change in a single molecule called GK-PID may have allowed organisms to go from a single cell organism to one of many cells.
Traduxi sto testo da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
L’é stæto propòsto ciù fattoî descadenanti pe l’esploxon cambriaña, compreiso a conçentraçion d’oscigeno inte l’atmosfera da fotoscintexi.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Various triggers for the Cambrian explosion have been proposed, including the accumulation of oxygen in the atmosphere from photosynthesis.
Quæ a l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
A seleçion artifiçiale a l’é a seleçion intençionale de tratti inte unna popolaçion d’organismi.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Artificial selection is the intentional selection of traits in a population of organisms.
Ti peu tradue sto testo in ingleise?
E proteiñe con propietæ preçiose se son evolue pe mezo de çicli de mutaçion e de seleçion repetuo (comme enzimi modificæ e neuvi anticòrpi) inte un proçesso ciammou evoluçion diretta.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Proteins with valuable properties have evolved by repeated rounds of mutation and selection (for example modified enzymes and new antibodies) in a process called directed evolution.
Comm’à l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
Tante moutie de l’òmmo no son di fenòmeni statichi, ma boin à evolvise.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Many human diseases are not static phenomena, but capable of evolution.
Traduxi sto testo da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
L’é poscibile che se trovemmo de fronte a-a fin da vitta efficaçe da ciù parte di antibiòtichi disponibili e prevedde l’evoluçion e l’evolvibilitæ di nòstri patògeni e ideâ de strategie pe rallentâla ò schivâla o domanda unna conoscensa ciù profonda de complesse fòrse ligæ à l’evoluçion a-o livello molecolare.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
It is possible that we are facing the end of the effective life of most of available antibiotics and predicting the evolution and evolvability of our pathogens and devising strategies to slow or circumvent it is requiring deeper knowledge of the complex forces driving evolution at the molecular level.
Traduxi in lengua ingleise:
O l’à deuviou de strategie d’evoluçion pe resòlve di complesci problemi d’inzegneria.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
He used evolution strategies to solve complex engineering problems.
Traduxi sto testo in ingleise:
Inte çerti paixi, mascime inti Stati Unii, ste tenscioin tra a sciensa e a religion an alimentou a presente controversia creaçion-evoluçion, un conflitto religioso ch’o se conçentra in sciâ politica e in sce l’istruçion pubrica.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
In some countries, notably the United States, these tensions between science and religion have fuelled the current creation–evolution controversy, a religious conflict focusing on politics and public education.
Traduxi sto testo da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
A deçixon do proçesso Scopes do 1925 a l’à fæto che l’argomento o vegnisse assæ raro inti libbri de testo americhen de biologia segondäia pe unna generaçion, ma ciù avanti o l’é stæto reintroduto pe graddi e o l’e vegnuo protetto da-a lezze co-a deçixon Epperson contra Arkansas do 1968.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
The Scopes Trial decision of 1925 caused the subject to become very rare in American secondary biology textbooks for a generation, but it was gradually re-introduced later and became legally protected with the 1968 Epperson v. Arkansas decision.
Traduxi da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
A seleçion naturale a l’é a sopravivensa e a reproduçion differensiale di individui dovua à de differense into fenotipo.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.
Traduxi da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
De variaçioin existan inte tutte e popolaçioin d’organismi.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Variation exists within all populations of organisms.
Traduxi sto testo da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
L’ambiente de un genöma o comprende a biologia molecolare inta çellola, atre çellole, atri individui, popolaçioin, speçie e l’ambiente amniòtico.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
The environment of a genome includes the molecular biology in the cell, other cells, other individuals, populations, species, as well as the abiotic environment.
Traduxi da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
A-o comenso o conçetto de seleçion naturale o s’é sviluppou in assensa de unna teoria valica de l’ereditarietæ; à l’epoca da stesua de Darwin, a sciensa a l’aiva ancon da sviluppâ de teorie moderne in sciâ genetica.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
The concept of natural selection originally developed in the absence of a valid theory of heredity; at the time of Darwin's writing, science had yet to develop modern theories of genetics.
Quæ a l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
I argomenti clascichi en stæti reintroduti do secolo dixeutto da Pierre Louis Maupertuis e da di altri, compreiso o messiavo de Darwin, Erasmus Darwin.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
The classical arguments were reintroduced in the 18th century by Pierre Louis Maupertuis and others, including Darwin's grandfather, Erasmus Darwin.
Ti peu tradue sto testo in ingleise?
O l’ea apreuvo à scrive o seu «grande libbro» pe presentâ e seu reçerche quande o naturalista Alfred Russel Wallace o l’aiva conçepio de forma independente o prinçipio e o l’à descrito inte un saggio che o l’aiva inviou à Darwin de mòddo ch’o vegnisse inoltrou à Charles Lyell.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
He was in the process of writing his "big book" to present his research when the naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace independently conceived of the principle and described it in an essay he sent to Darwin to forward to Charles Lyell.
Traduxi sto testo da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
Inta tersa ediçion do 1861 Darwin o l’aiva reconosciuo che di atri, comme William Charles Wells do 1813 e Patrick Matthew do 1831, aivan propòsto de idee in sce sta linia, che no ê aivan sviluppæ ni presentæ inte de pubricaçioin scientifiche degne de nòtta.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
In the 3rd edition of 1861 Darwin acknowledged that others—like William Charles Wells in 1813, and Patrick Matthew in 1831—had proposed similar ideas, but had neither developed them nor presented them in notable scientific publications.
Traduxi sto testo in ingleise:
Inte unna lettia à Charles Lyell do settembre do 1860, Darwin o s’allamentava de l’utilizzaçion de l’esprescion «seleçion naturale», e o diva che gh’ea ciù cao che se disse «conservaçioin naturale».
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
In a letter to Charles Lyell in September 1860, Darwin regretted the use of the term "Natural Selection", preferring the term "Natural Preservation".