ConseggioLigure/seed-instruct-lij-eng huggingface dataset:
Ti peu tradue sto testo in ingleise?
I membri de un gruppo etcnico, inte l'insemme, revendican a continuitæ colturale into tempo, sciben che i stòrichi e i antropòlogi colturali aggian documentou che tanti di valoî, de prattiche e de nòrme che comportan da continuitæ co-o passou son d'invençion relativamente neuva.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Members of an ethnic group, on the whole, claim cultural continuities over time, although historians and cultural anthropologists have documented that many of the values, practices, and norms that imply continuity with the past are of relatively recent invention.
Traduxi da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
O se basa in sciâ noçion de «coltua».
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
It is based on the notion of "culture".
Quæ a l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
St'opinion a l'é vegnua feua comme unna mainea pe giustificâ a reduçion in scciavitù di afroamerichen e o genoçidio di nativi americhen inte unna soçietæ fondâ offiçialmente in sciâ libertæ pe tutti.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
This view arose as a way to justify enslavement of African Americans and genocide of Native Americans in a society that was officially founded on freedom for all.
Quæ a l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
Ben ben di sciensiæ ciù importanti d'alantô an adottou l'idea da differensa de razza e an trovou che i europëi gianchi ean ciù boin.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Many of the foremost scientists of the time took up the idea of racial difference and found that white Europeans were superior.
Traduxi in ingleise:
In cangio che attribuî a condiçion d'emarginaçion de persoñe de pelle scua inti Stati Unii a-o seu ëse ciù grammi biologicamente pe nascion, lê o l'à attribuio a-a seu mancâ ascimilaçion inta coltua americaña.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Instead of attributing the marginalized status of people of color in the United States to their inherent biological inferiority, he attributed it to their failure to assimilate into American culture.
Traduxi sto testo da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
In Racial Formation in the United States, sostëgnan che a teoria de l'etniçitæ a no l'ea basâ che in scî modelli d'inmigraçion da popolaçion gianca e a tegniva conto de esperiense uniche di no gianchi inti Stati Uniti.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
They argue in Racial Formation in the United States that the ethnicity theory was exclusively based on the immigration patterns of the white population and did take into account the unique experiences of non-whites in the United States.
Quæ a l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
L'ascimilaçion, saieiva à dî a remoçion de qualitæ particolæ de unna coltua nativa con l'intençion de fondila con unna coltua ospitante, a no l'à fonçionou pe çerti gruppi comme respòsta a-o razziximo e a-a discriminaçion, con tutto ch'a l'à fæto pe di atri.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Assimilation shedding the particular qualities of a native culture for the purpose of blending in with a host culture did not work for some groups as a response to racism and discrimination, though it did for others.
Comm’à l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
Son arrivæ in çimma co-a nascion de «stati naçion» donde i confin presonti da naçion combaxavan (ò combaxavan idealmente) co-i confin do stato.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
They culminated in the rise of "nation-states" in which the presumptive boundaries of the nation coincided (or ideally coincided) with state boundaries.
Comm’à l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
I stati naçionali, però, comprendan sensa variaçioin de popolaçioin ch'en stæte tegnue feua da-a vitta naçionale pe unna raxon ò pe l'atra.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Nation-states, however, invariably include populations who have been excluded from national life for one reason or another.
Comm’à l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
I stati multietnichi peuan ëse l'exito de doî eventi oppòsti: a creaçion de fresco de confin statali in contrasto con di territöi tribali tradiçionali, ò asci l'inmigraçion de fresco de minoranse etniche inte un passou stato naçionale.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Multi-ethnic states can be the result of two opposite events, either the recent creation of state borders at variance with traditional tribal territories, or the recent immigration of ethnic minorities into a former nation-state.
Traduxi in lengua ingleise:
Sciben che ste categorie vëgnan discusse pe commun comme parte da sfera politica, pubrica, son sostegnue in larga mesua de dentro a-a sfera da famiggia, privâ.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Though these categories are usually discussed as belonging to the public, political sphere, they are upheld within the private, family sphere to a great extent.
Traduxi sto testo da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
Avanti do Weber (1864-1920), a razza e l'etnia ean viste mascime comme doe parte da mæxima cösa.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Before Weber (1864–1920), race and ethnicity were primarily seen as two aspects of the same thing.
Traduxi sto testo da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
Segondo sto ponto de vista, o stato o no dovieiva reconosce l'identitæ etcnica, naçionale ò de razza ma ciufito fâ vai a paritæ legale e politica de tutti i individui.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
According to this view, the state should not acknowledge ethnic, national or racial identity but rather instead enforce political and legal equality of all individuals.
Traduxi da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
O secolo XIX o l'à visto o sviluppo de l'ideologia politica do naçionaliximo etcnico, quande o conçetto de razza o l'é stæto ligou a-o naçionaliximo, avanti di teòrichi todeschi che comprendeivan o Johann Gottfried von Herder.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
The 19th century saw the development of the political ideology of ethnic nationalism, when the concept of race was tied to nationalism, first by German theorists including Johann Gottfried von Herder.
Traduxi sto testo da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
Ognidun o promoveiva l'idea panetcnica che sti governi ean apreuvo à piggiâse solo de tære ch'ean stæte abitæ delongo da di todeschi etnichi.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Each promoted the pan-ethnic idea that these governments were acquiring only lands that had always been inhabited by ethnic Germans.
Traduxi sto testo da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
A colonizzaçion de l'Asia a l'é finia in gran parte do secolo XX, co-i asbrii naçionali pe l'independensa e l'autodeterminaçion inte tutto o continente.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
The colonization of Asia was largely ended in the 20th century, with national drives for independence and self-determination across the continent.
Traduxi in lengua ingleise:
Tanti paixi europëi, tra i quæ a Fransa e a Svissera, no arrecheuggian de informaçioin relative à l'origine etnica da seu popolaçion rescidente.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
A number of European countries, including France and Switzerland, do not collect information on the ethnicity of their resident population.
Quæ a l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
Tanto che gh'ea a colonizzaçion europea, i europëi son arrivæ into Nòrd America.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
During European colonization, Europeans arrived in North America.
Traduxi in lengua ingleise:
L’etnografia digitale a l’òffre ben ben ciù d’opportunitæ d’ammiâ à de coltue e soçietæ differente.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Digital ethnography allows for a lot more opportunities to look at different cultures and societies.
Quæ a l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
L'etnografia relaçionale a se propoñe de studiâ i campi ciufito che i sciti ò i proçesci ciufito che e persoñe interessæ da-i proçesci.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Relational Ethnography articulates studying fields rather than places or processes rather than processed people.
Quæ a l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
L'intençion a l'é arrecheugge di dæti de mainea che o reçercatô o gh'introduxe unna quantitæ minima de preconçetti personali.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
The goal is to collect data in such a way that the researcher imposes a minimal amount of personal bias in the data.
Ti peu tradue sto testo in ingleise?
E interviste son de sovente registræ e dapeu trascrite, con permette coscì à l'intervista de corrî sensa l'impedimento de piggiâ di apponti, ma con tutte e informaçioin à dispoxiçion inte un segondo momento pe unn'analixi piña.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Interviews are often taped and later transcribed, allowing the interview to proceed unimpaired of note-taking, but with all information available later for full analysis.
Traduxi da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
Ascì con tutti sti tentativi de reflescivitæ, nisciun reçercatô o peu ëse do tutto imparçiale.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Despite these attempts of reflexivity, no researcher can be totally unbiased.
Traduxi in ingleise:
2010) examiñan i presoppòsti ontològici e epistemològici a-a base de l'etnografia.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
2010) examine the ontological and epistemological presuppositions underlying ethnography.
Traduxi sto testo da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
I reçercatoî de teoria critica affrontan e «costioin d'influensa de drento a-e relaçioin reçercatô-reçercou e i rappòrti tra conoscensa e influensa».
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Critical theory researchers address "issues of power within the researcher-researched relationships and the links between knowledge and power."
Traduxi da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
Unn'imagine a peu ëse contegnua de drento a-o mondo fixico pe mezo do ponto de vista de un individuo particolâ, basâ sorviatutto in scê esperiense passæ de quell'individuo.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
An image can be contained within the physical world through a particular individual's perspective, primarily based on that individual's past experiences.
Traduxi da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
L'idea de unn'imagine a se basa in sce l'imaginaçion e s'é visto ch'a vëgne addeuviâ da-i figgeu de mainea ben ben sccetta e naturale.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
The idea of an image relies on the imagination and has been seen to be utilized by children in a very spontaneous and natural manner.
Traduxi sto testo in ingleise:
Ancheu i antropòlogi soçiali e colturali attribuiscian unna gran varsciua à l'execuçion da reçerca etnografica.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Cultural and social anthropologists today place a high value on doing ethnographic research.
Quæ a l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
O travaggio in sciô campo pe commun o compòrta de passâ un anno ò de ciù inte unn'atra soçietæ, vive co-e persoñe do pòsto e conosce e seu mainee de vitta.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
The fieldwork usually involves spending a year or more in another society, living with the local people and learning about their ways of life.
Traduxi da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
L'esperiensa do Benedict co-o pueblo Zuni into Sud Òvest a va piggiâ comme a base do seu travaggio formativo in sciô campo.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Benedict's experiences with the Southwest Zuni pueblo is to be considered the basis of her formative fieldwork.
Comm’à l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
Unn'etnografia tipica a çerca d'ëse olistica e de nòrma a va apreuvo à un schema ch'o comprende unna stöia curta da coltua in argomento, unn'analixi da geografia fixica ò do terren abitou da-e persoñe oggetto de studio, compreiso o climma, e de sovente compreiso quello che i antropòlogi biològichi ghe dixan habitat.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
A typical ethnography attempts to be holistic and typically follows an outline to include a brief history of the culture in question, an analysis of the physical geography or terrain inhabited by the people under study, including climate, and often including what biological anthropologists call habitat.
Traduxi sto testo in ingleise:
L'é compreiso de nòrma a struttua soçiale e de pæntou (compreiso i gruppi pe graddi d'etæ, i gruppi de pægi, o genere, e assoçiaçioin de volontäi, i clan, e meitæ, e avanti coscì, se ghe n'é).
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Kinship and social structure (including age grading, peer groups, gender, voluntary associations, clans, moieties, and so forth, if they exist) are typically included.
Quæ a l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
I riti, i rituali e de atre manifestaçioin da religion son da tempo un oggetto d'interesse e de vòtte son çentrali pe-e etnografie, mascime quande son fæti in pubrico, donde i antropòlogi in vixita î peuan vedde.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Rites, rituals, and other evidence of religion have long been an interest and are sometimes central to ethnographies, especially when conducted in public where visiting anthropologists can see them.
Comm’à l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
O Geertz, ascì ch'o l'anava avanti à stâ apreuvo à unna meña de schema etnografico tradiçionale, o l'é sciortio da quello schema pe parlâ de «tägnæ» incangio che de «schemi» de coltua.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Geertz, while still following something of a traditional ethnographic outline, moved outside that outline to talk about "webs" instead of "outlines" of culture.
Traduxi sto testo da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
Pe quello ch'o l'à da fâ con l'urtimo ponto, Writing Culture a l'é vegnua un ponto determinante pe examinâ comme i etnògrafi poessan descrive de coltue e soçietæ differente sensa denegâ a soggettivitæ di gruppi e di individui studiæ, proçedendo da mæxima sensa revendicâ unna conoscensa assolua e unn'autoritæ oggettiva.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
In regards to this last point, Writing Culture became a focal point for looking at how ethnographers could describe different cultures and societies without denying the subjectivity of those individuals and groups being studied while simultaneously doing so without laying claim to absolute knowledge and objective authority.
Comm’à l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
Apreuvo che l'intençion de l'etnografia a l'é de descrive e interpretâ i schemi impreixi e scompartii de valoî, comportamenti, convinçioin e lengua de un gruppo ch'o scompartisce unna coltua, o Harris (1968) e o Agar (1980) ascì osservan che l'etnografia a l'é segge un proçesso segge un exito da reçerca.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
As the purpose of ethnography is to describe and interpret the shared and learned patterns of values, behaviors, beliefs, and language of a culture-sharing group, Harris, (1968), also Agar (1980) note that ethnography is both a process and an outcome of the research.
Traduxi sto testo da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
A soçiòloga Sam Ladner a sostëgne into seu libbro che pe comprende i consummatoî e i seu dexidëi ghe veu un cangio de «ponto de vista», che solo l'etnografia a fornisce.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Sociologist Sam Ladner argues in her book, that understanding consumers and their desires requires a shift in "standpoint," one that only ethnography provides.
Traduxi da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
Con analizzâ l'esperiensa de l'utente inte un contesto «naturale», l'etnologia a permette unna comprenscion profonda de applicaçioin prattiche de un produto ò serviçio.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
By assessing user experience in a "natural" setting, ethnology yields insights into the practical applications of a product or service.
Traduxi in lengua ingleise:
O convëgno Ethnographic Praxis in Industry (EPIC) o n'é unna preuva.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
The Ethnographic Praxis in Industry (EPIC) conference is evidence of this.
Traduxi sto testo da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
A monografia do Jaber F. Gubrium e do James A. Holstein (1997), The New Language of Qualitative Method, a l'examiña e forme de l'etnografia in termini da relativa «discuscion in scî metodi».
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Jaber F. Gubrium and James A. Holstein's (1997) monograph, The New Language of Qualitative Method, discusses forms of ethnography in terms of their "methods talk."
Traduxi in lengua ingleise:
In sostansa, o Fine o sostëgne che i reçercatoî de nòrma no son coscì etichi comme deciaran ò pensan d'ëse, e che «ciaschedun travaggio o comprende de modalitæ operative che no saieiva ben che di atri conoscian».
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Essentially, Fine maintains that researchers are typically not as ethical as they claim or assume to be — and that "each job includes ways of doing things that would be inappropriate for others to know".
Traduxi in ingleise:
O l'afferma che e «inluxoin» son essençiale pe mantegnî unna reputaçion occupaçionale e schivâ de conseguense in potensa ciù teusceghe.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
He maintains that "illusions" are essential to maintain an occupational reputation and avoid potentially more caustic consequences.
Traduxi sto testo da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
O còdixe etico o l'osserva che i antropòlogi son parte de unna ræ politica e academica ciù grande, e ascì de un ambiente uman e naturale, do quæ beseugna parlâ con do respetto.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
The code of ethics notes that anthropologists are part of a wider scholarly and political network, as well as human and natural environment, which needs to be reported on respectfully.
Traduxi da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
In veitæ, à un etnògrafo ghe scappià delongo quarche tòcco pe mancansa d'onnisciensa.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
In reality, an ethnographer will always miss some aspect because of lacking omniscience.
Traduxi sto testo da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
I pòpoli indigeni, ciammæ ascì primmi pòpoli, pòpoli aborigeni, pòpoli nativi ò pòpoli autòctoni, en di gruppi etnichi destaccæ pe coltua che son nasciui inte un pòsto ch'o l'é stæto colonizzou e donde s'é stabilio un atro gruppo etnico.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Indigenous peoples, also referred to as first people, aboriginal people, native people, or autochthonous people, are culturally distinct ethnic groups who are native to a place which has been colonised and settled by another ethnic group.
Traduxi sto testo in ingleise:
I pòpoli pe commun son descriti comme «indigeni» quande conservan de tradiçioin ò di atri elementi de unna coltua antiga accobiâ à unna çerta region.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Peoples are usually described as "indigenous" when they maintain traditions or other aspects of an early culture that is associated with a given region.
Traduxi sto testo in ingleise:
I pòpoli indigeni van avanti à affrontâ de menasse a-a seu sovranitæ, a-o seu bon stâ econòmico, a-e seu lengue, a-e seu modalitæ de conoscensa e a-a seu poscibilitæ de deuviâ e resorse da-e quæ depende e seu coltue.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Indigenous peoples continue to face threats to their sovereignty, economic well-being, languages, ways of knowing, and access to the resources on which their cultures depend.
Traduxi sto testo da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
E stimme da popolaçion globale totale de pòpoli indigeni pe sòlito lòccian da-i 250 a-i 600 mioin.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Estimates of the total global population of Indigenous peoples usually range from 250 million to 600 million.
Comm’à l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
Comme referimento à un gruppo de persoñe, o termine indigeno o l'é stæto addeuviou primma da-i europëi pe differençiâ i pòpoli indigeni de Americhe da-i africhen reduti in scciavitù.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
As a reference to a group of people, the term Indigenous first came into use by Europeans who used it to differentiate the Indigenous peoples of the Americas from enslaved Africans.
Ti peu tradue sto testo in ingleise?
Di anni '70, o termine o l'é stæto addeuviou comme unna mainea pe collegâ e esperiense, i problemi e e battagge de di gruppi de persoñe colonizzæ a-o de là di confin internaçionali.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
In the 1970s, the term was used as a way of linking the experiences, issues, and struggles of groups of colonized people across international borders.
Traduxi sto testo da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
Sta scituaçion a peu persciste anche into caxo che a popolaçion indigena a segge ciù tanta che quella di atri abitanti da region ò do stato; a nòçion ch'a dà a definiçion chì a l'à da fâ co-a spartiçion da-i proçesci normativi e de deçixoin ch'an quarche influensa, a-o manco nominale, in sce di elementi di seu driti de territöio e de communitæ.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
This situation can persist even in the case where the Indigenous population outnumbers that of the other inhabitants of the region or state; the defining notion here is one of separation from decision and regulatory processes that have some, at least titular, influence over aspects of their community and land rights.
Traduxi sto testo da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
Un rappòrto de Naçioin Unie do 2009 pubricâ da-o Segretariato do Forum permanente in scê costioin indigene o l'affermava che pe di secoli, fin da-o tempo da seu colonizzaçion, conquista ò occupaçion, i pòpoli indigeni an documentou de stöie de rescistensa, relaçion ò cooperaçion co-i stati, mostrando coscì a seu convinçion e a seu determinaçion à scampâ co-e seu identitæ sovrañe distinte.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
A 2009 United Nations report published by the Secretariat of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues stated: For centuries, since the time of their colonization, conquest or occupation, Indigenous peoples have documented histories of resistance, interface or cooperation with states, thus demonstrating their conviction and determination to survive with their distinct sovereign identities.
Traduxi sto testo da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
Sti pòpoli ean tegnui da-i scrittoî antighi pe-i antighi di greghi, ò comme un gruppo ciù vegio de persoñe ch'en stæte in Greçia avanti di greghi.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
These people were seen by ancient writers either as the ancestors of the Greeks, or as an earlier group of people who inhabited Greece before the Greeks.
Traduxi da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
E Croxæ (1096-1271) se fondavan in sce questo dexidëio de unna guæra santa contra quelli che a gexa a veddeiva comme di infedeli.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
The Crusades (1096-1271) were based on this ambition of a holy war against who the church saw as infidels.
Traduxi in lengua ingleise:
Però, o conçilio o l'à sostegnuo che e conquiste poeivan avvegnî 'legalmente' se i no crestien se refuavan de conformâse a-a crestianizzaçion e a-a lezze de natua europea.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
However, the council upheld that conquests could 'legally' occur if non-Christians refused to comply with Christianization and European natural law.
Traduxi da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
Di secoli XIV e XV, i pòpoli indigeni de quelle che oua se ghe dixe Isoe Canäie, conosciui comme Guanci (ch'aivan visciuo in scê isoe scin da-o periodo precrestian) son vegnui oggetto de l'attençion di colonizzatoî.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
In the 14th and 15th centuries, the Indigenous peoples of what are now referred to as the Canary Islands, known as Guanches (who had lived on the islands since the BCE era) became the subject of colonizers' attention.
Traduxi in lengua ingleise:
Do 1402, i spagnòlli an comensou i sfòrsci pe invadde e colonizzâ e isoe.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
In 1402, the Spanish began efforts to invade and colonize the islands.
Comm’à l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
I invasoî an portou destruçion e moutie a-o pòpolo Guanci, che a seu identitæ e coltua son sparie de conseguensa.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
The invaders brought destruction and diseases to the Guanche people, whose identity and culture disappeared as a result.