ConseggioLigure/seed-instruct-lij-eng huggingface dataset:
Traduxi in ingleise:
Tanti tëgnan de fæto a profilaçion de razza pe un exempio de razziximo instituçionale inte l'applicaçion da lezze.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Many consider de facto racial profiling an example of institutional racism in law enforcement.
Traduxi sto testo in ingleise:
A missa in prexon de massa a l'é anche «o ciù gran garbuggio de lezze, regole, politiche e usanse che contròllan chi l'é nominou comme criminale segge drento che feua da prexon».
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Mass incarceration is also, "the larger web of laws, rules, policies, and customs that control those labeled criminals both in and out of prison."
Ti peu tradue sto testo in ingleise?
I exiti de tante reçerche pan concordâ che o peiso da razza da vittima inta deçixon d'arresto pe violensa in cà o porrieiva includde un pregiudiçio de razza ascì à avvantaggio de vittime gianche.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Many research findings appear to agree that the impact of victim race in the IPV arrest decision might possibly include a racial bias in favor of white victims.
Traduxi sto testo da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
Di studdi an reportou che e razze peuan ëse identificæ con un erto livello de preçixon addeuviando çerti metodi, comme pe exempio quello sviluppo da-o Giles e o Elliot.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Some studies have reported that races can be identified with a high degree of accuracy using certain methods, such as that developed by Giles and Elliot.
Traduxi sto testo in ingleise:
O studio o concluddeiva che «A distribuçion da diverscitæ genetica into cô da pelle a l'é atipica e a no peu ëse addeuviâ pe intençioin de clascificaçion».
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
The study concluded that "The apportionment of genetic diversity in skin color is atypical, and cannot be used for purposes of classification."
Traduxi sto testo da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
L'antropologia colturale a l'é un settô de l'antropologia inçentrou in sciô studio da variaçion colturale tra i umoen.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Cultural anthropology is a branch of anthropology focused on the study of cultural variation among humans.
Quæ a l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
Inte l'affrontâ sta costion, i etnòlogi do secolo XIX se spartivan inte doe scheue de pensceo.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
In addressing this question, ethnologists in the 19th century divided into two schools of thought.
Traduxi in ingleise:
O Morgan, comme di atri evoluçionisti soçiali do secolo XIX, o creddeiva che ghe fïse unna progrescion pöcassæ ordinâ da-o primitivo a-o çivilizzou.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Morgan, like other 19th century social evolutionists, believed there was a more or less orderly progression from the primitive to the civilized.
Traduxi da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
Sciben che i etnòlogi do secolo XIX tegnissan a «diffuxon» e l'«invençion independente» pe de teorie in concorrensa tra de loiatre, che se taggiavan feua uña con l'atra, i ciù tanti etnògrafi an concordou a-a spedia che tutti doî i proçesci avvëgnan e peuan realisticamente ascciæî e someggianse intercolturale.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Although 19th-century ethnologists saw "diffusion" and "independent invention" as mutually exclusive and competing theories, most ethnographers quickly reached a consensus that both processes occur, and that both can plausibly account for cross-cultural similarities.
Traduxi da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
O Boas o l'à espresso l'idea pe-a primma vòtta do 1887: «...a çiviltæ a no l'é quarcösa d'assoluo, ma... a l'é relativa, e e nòstre idee e i nòstri conçetti son vëi solo into contesto da nòstra çiviltæ».
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Boas first articulated the idea in 1887: "...civilization is not something absolute, but ... is relative, and ... our ideas and conceptions are true only so far as our civilization goes."
Traduxi in lengua ingleise:
O relativiximo colturale o comprende de costioin epistemològiche e metodològiche particolæ.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Cultural relativism involves specific epistemological and methodological claims.
Traduxi sto testo in ingleise:
O relativiximo colturale o l'é stæto in parte unna respòsta à l'etnoçentriximo do Ponente.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Cultural relativism was in part a response to Western ethnocentrism.
Traduxi da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
Sta comprenscion da coltua a mette i antropòlogi davanti à doî problemi: in primmo leugo, comme scappâ da-i ligammi inconsci da seu coltua, che pe fòrsa condiçioñan e nòstre perçeçioin do mondo e e nòstre reaçioin à quello e, in segondo leugo, comme capî unna coltua desconosciua.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
This understanding of culture confronts anthropologists with two problems: first, how to escape the unconscious bonds of one's own culture, which inevitably bias our perceptions of and reactions to the world, and second, how to make sense of an unfamiliar culture.
Traduxi da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
O seu critëio o l'ea empirico, scettico à peto de sorvia-generalizzaçioin, e o scappava da tentativi de stabilî de lezze universale.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
His approach was empirical, skeptical of overgeneralizations, and eschewed attempts to establish universal laws.
Comm’à l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
O pensava che tutte e coltue vaggan studiæ inta seu particolaritæ, e o sostegniva che e generalizzaçioin intercolturale, comme quelle fæte inte sciense da natua, no fïsan poscibile.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
He believed that each culture has to be studied in its particularity, and argued that cross-cultural generalizations, like those made in the natural sciences, were not possible.
Traduxi da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
A primma generaçion di seu studenti a comprendeiva o Alfred Kroeber, o Robert Lowie, o Edward Sapir e a Ruth Benedict, ciaschedun di quæ o l'à produto di studdi ben ben into menuo de coltue indigene nordamericañe.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
His first generation of students included Alfred Kroeber, Robert Lowie, Edward Sapir, and Ruth Benedict, who each produced richly detailed studies of indigenous North American cultures.
Traduxi sto testo da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
A pubricaçion do libbro de testo do Alfred Kroeber, Anthropology (1923), o l'à segnou un momento critico inte l'antropologia americaña.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
The publication of Alfred Kroeber's textbook Anthropology (1923) marked a turning point in American anthropology.
Traduxi sto testo da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
Sotta l'influensa de pscicòlogi pscicanalisti, compreiso o Sigmund Freud e o Carl Jung, sti autoî çercavan de capî a mainea comme e personalitæ individuale vegnissan formæ da-e ciù larghe forse soçiale e colturale donde cresceivan.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Influenced by psychoanalytic psychologists including Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung, these authors sought to understand the way that individual personalities were shaped by the wider cultural and social forces in which they grew up.
Traduxi sto testo da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
L'antropologia econòmica, sotta l'influensa do Karl Polanyi e pratticâ da-o Marshall Sahlins e o George Salton, a l'à desfiou l'economia neoclascica standard à tegnî conto di fattoî soçiali e colturali, e a l'à addeuviou l'analixi marxiaña into studio antropològico.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Economic anthropology as influenced by Karl Polanyi and practiced by Marshall Sahlins and George Dalton challenged standard neoclassical economics to take account of cultural and social factors, and employed Marxian analysis into anthropological study.
Quæ a l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
In scintonia co-i tempi, ben ben de l'antropologia a s'é politiçizzâ pe mezo da guæra d'independensa argeriña e l'oppoxiçion a-a guæra do Vietnam; o marxiximo o l'é vegnuo un critëio teòrico sempre ciù in veuga inta discipliña.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
In keeping with the times, much of anthropology became politicized through the Algerian War of Independence and opposition to the Vietnam War; Marxism became an increasingly popular theoretical approach in the discipline.
Quæ a l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
De interpretaçioin pæge devan ëse donca spedie torna a-i seu artefiçi, e a seu correspondensa comme traduçion missa a-o ponto ciù e ciù vòtte, un proçesso dito gio ermeneutico.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
These interpretations must then be reflected back to its originators, and its adequacy as a translation fine-tuned in a repeated way, a process called the hermeneutic circle.
Traduxi in ingleise:
L'analixi colturale do David Schnieder do pæntou american o s'é mostrou influente o mæximo.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
David Schnieder's cultural analysis of American kinship has proven equally influential.
Comm’à l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
O metodo o l'à avuo origine da-a reçerca in sciô campo de antropòlogi soçiali, sorviatutto o Bronislaw Malinowski in Gran Bretagna, di studenti do Franz Boas inti Stati Uniti, e da-a reçerca urbaña della Chicago School of Sociology vengnua apreuvo.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
The method originated in the field research of social anthropologists, especially Bronislaw Malinowski in Britain, the students of Franz Boas in the United States, and in the later urban research of the Chicago School of Sociology.
Traduxi in ingleise:
Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
Traduxi in ingleise:
Pe stabilî i ligammi che portian in sciâ fin à unna megio comprenscione do contesto colturale de unna sictuaçion, un antropòlogo o dev'ëse pronto à vegnî unna parte do gruppo, e dispòsto a sviluppâ di rappòrti scignificativi co-i seu membri.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
To establish connections that will eventually lead to a better understanding of the cultural context of a situation, an anthropologist must be open to becoming part of the group, and willing to develop meaningful relationships with its members.
Traduxi da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
Avanti che l'osservaçion di parteçipanti a pòsse comensâ, un antropòlogo o l'à da çerne tanto un scito comme un focus de studio.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Before participant observation can begin, an anthropologist must choose both a location and a focus of study.
Traduxi da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
Questo o consente à l'antropòlogo de stabilîse megio inta communitæ.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
This allows the anthropologist to become better established in the community.
Traduxi in lengua ingleise:
O ciù de l'osservaçion di parteçipanti o se basa in sciâ conversaçion.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
The majority of participant observation is based on conversation.
Traduxi sto testo da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
Inti çerti caxi, i etnògrafi se son vortæ anche à l'osservaçion strutturâ, inta quæ e osservaçioin di un antropòlogo son guiddæ da unna fia speçifica de domande che lê o preuva ò a preuva à respondighe.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
In some cases, ethnographers also turn to structured observation, in which an anthropologist's observations are directed by a specific set of questions he or she is trying to answer.
Traduxi in lengua ingleise:
Questo o l'aggiutta à standardizzâ o metodo de studio quande i dæti etnografichi vëgnan confrontæ tra tanti gruppi o son domandæ pe arrivâ à unn'intençion particolâ, comme pe exempio unna reçerca pe unna deçixon politica governativa.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
This helps to standardize the method of study when ethnographic data is being compared across several groups or is needed to fulfill a specific purpose, such as research for a governmental policy decision.
Traduxi sto testo in ingleise:
L'identitæ dell'etnògrafo a l'à ben ben da fâ con quello che dapeu o scrivià in sce unna coltua, perché ògni reçercatô o l'é condiçionou da-o seu ponto de vista.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Who the ethnographer is has a lot to do with what he or she will eventually write about a culture, because each researcher is influenced by his or her own perspective.
Traduxi da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
Unn'etnografia a l'é un testo scrito in sce un pòpolo, inte un çerto scito e tempo.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
An ethnography is a piece of writing about a people, at a particular place and time.
Quæ a l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
Unn'etnografia tipica a comprendià de informaçioin in sciâ geografia fixica ascì, in sciô clima e in sce l'habitat.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
A typical ethnography will also include information about physical geography, climate and habitat.
Traduxi in lengua ingleise:
I studenti do Boas, comme o Alfred L. Kroeber, a Ruth Benedict e a Margaret Mead, an pescou da-a seu conçeçion de coltua e de relativiximo colturale pe sviluppâ l'antropologia colturale inti Stati Unii.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Boas' students such as Alfred L. Kroeber, Ruth Benedict and Margaret Mead drew on his conception of culture and cultural relativism to develop cultural anthropology in the United States.
Ti peu tradue sto testo in ingleise?
Ancheu i antropòloghi soçiocolturali dan a mente à tutti sti elementi.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Today socio-cultural anthropologists attend to all these elements.
Traduxi da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
I «antropòlogi colturali» americhen se son conçentræ in scê mainee che e persoñe esprimman a seu vixon de loiatre mæxime e do seu mondo, sorviatutto in forme scimbòliche, comme l'arte e i miti.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
American "cultural anthropologists" focused on the ways people expressed their view of themselves and their world, especially in symbolic forms, such as art and myths.
Traduxi sto testo in ingleise:
A monogamia, pe exempio, a ven spacciâ de spesso comme un træto uman universale, però di studdi comparativi mostran ch'a no l'é coscì.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Monogamy, for example, is frequently touted as a universal human trait, yet comparative study shows that it is not.
Traduxi sto testo da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
Pe mezo de questa metodologia, l'é poscibile ottegnî unna vixon ciù approfondia quande s'examiña o peiso di scistemi mondiali in scê communitæ locale e globale.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Through this methodology, greater insight can be gained when examining the impact of world-systems on local and global communities.
Traduxi in ingleise:
Pe exempio, unn'etnografia moltiscituâ a peu anâ apreuvo à unna «cösa», comme unna particolâ mercançia, tanto ch'a vëgne trasportâ pe-e ræ do capitaliximo globale.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
For example, a multi-sited ethnography may follow a "thing," such as a particular commodity, as it is transported through the networks of global capitalism.
Traduxi in lengua ingleise:
Un exempio de etnografia moltiscituâ a l'é o travaggio da Nancy Scheper-Hughes in sciô mercou neigro internaçionale pe-o commercio d'òrgani umoen.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
An example of multi-sited ethnography is Nancy Scheper-Hughes' work on the international black market for the trade of human organs.
Traduxi da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
A reçerca inti studdi in sciô pæntou de spesso a s'incroxa con ciù sottocampi antropològichi, compreiso l'antropologia medica, femminista e pubrica.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Research in kinship studies often crosses over into different anthropological subfields including medical, feminist, and public anthropology.
Ti peu tradue sto testo in ingleise?
Quella a l'é a reixe inta quæ nasce i piccin umoen inti ciù tanti caxi, e e seu primme poule son de spesso di termini relativi a-o pæntou.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
That is the matrix into which human children are born in the great majority of cases, and their first words are often kinship terms.
Traduxi sto testo da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
Existe de fòrte differense tra e communitæ in termini de varsciua e prattica do matrimònio, lasciando ben ben do spaçio pe-o lou antropològico in sciô campo.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
There are stark differences between communities in terms of marital practice and value, leaving much room for anthropological fieldwork.
Comm’à l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
Con tutto, a prattica do matrimònio attrovâ into ciù de coltue a l'é la monogamia, donde unna donna a l'é maiâ con un òmmo.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
The marital practice found in most cultures, however, is monogamy, where one woman is married to one man.
Traduxi da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
Existe de differense de base pöcassæ pæge donde l'é comportou l'atto da procreaçion.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
There are similar foundational differences where the act of procreation is concerned.
Traduxi da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
O cangiamento o se peu fâ vegnî da-i anni '60, co-a revista di prinçippi de base do pæntou offerta da-o Edmund Leach, o Rodney Neeham, o David Schneider e di atri.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
The shift can be traced back to the 1960s, with the reassessment of kinship's basic principles offered by Edmund Leach, Rodney Neeham, David Schneider, and others.
Quæ a l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
Sto cangiamento chì o l'é stæto portou avanti ancon de ciù da-o comparî do femminiximo da segonda ondâ inti primmi anni '70, ch'o l'à introduto e idee de opprescion matrimoniale, autonomia sessuale e subordinaçion domestega.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
This shift was progressed further by the emergence of second-wave feminism in the early 1970s, which introduced ideas of marital oppression, sexual autonomy, and domestic subordination.
Traduxi in ingleise:
À sto ponto, gh'é stæto l'arrivo do «femminiximo do Terso Mondo», un movimento ch'o sostegniva che i studdi in sciô pæntou no poeivan examinâ un pe un i rappòrti de genere di paixi apreuvo à sviluppâse, e che aivan da reconosce do respetto a-e variante economiche e de razza ascì.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
At this time, there was the arrival of "Third World feminism", a movement that argued kinship studies could not examine the gender relations of developing countries in isolation, and must pay respect to racial and economic nuance as well.
Ti peu tradue sto testo in ingleise?
In Giamaica, o maiezzo comme instituçion o l'é sostituio de spesso con unna riga de compagni, perché e dònne pövie no peuan fâ confiansa in sce di contributi finançiäi regolari inte un ambiente d'instabilitæ econòmica.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
In Jamaica, marriage as an institution is often substituted for a series of partners, as poor women cannot rely on regular financial contributions in a climate of economic instability.
Traduxi in ingleise:
Con questa tecnologia, e costioin de pæntou son vegnue feua in sciâ differensa tra pæntou genetico e biològico, za che i surrogæ gestaçionali peuan fornî un ambiente biològico pe l'embrion, incangio o ligammo genetico o l'arresta con unna tersa parte.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
With this technology, questions of kinship have emerged over the difference between biological and genetic relatedness, as gestational surrogates can provide a biological environment for the embryo while the genetic ties remain with a third party.
Traduxi da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
Gh'é stæto anche di problemi de turiximo reproduttivo e de merçificaçion do còrpo, perché i individui çercan a seguessa econòmica pe mezo da stimolaçion ormonale e o prelevâ di òvoli, de proçedue in potensa arresegæ.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
There have also been issues of reproductive tourism and bodily commodification, as individuals seek economic security through hormonal stimulation and egg harvesting, which are potentially harmful procedures.
Traduxi da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
Unna critica a l'é che, à l'incomenso, o scistema di studdi in sciô pæntou o l'aiva tròppo de struttua e stereòtipi, basou in sce un linguaggio spesso e de regole streite.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
One critique is that, as its inception, the framework of kinship studies was far too structured and formulaic, relying on dense language and stringent rules.
Comm’à l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
Ben ben de sto sviluppo o peu ëse attribuio à l'aumento di archeòlogi che louavan de feua da l'ambiente academico e a-a crescente importansa da globalizzaçion segge inte instituçioin che into campo de l'antropologia.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Much of this development can be attributed to the rise in anthropologists working outside of academia and the increasing importance of globalization in both institutions and the field of anthropology.
Ti peu tradue sto testo in ingleise?
I doî tipi d'instituçioin definii into campo de l'antropologia son e instituçioin totale e e instituçioin soçiale.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
The two types of institutions defined in the field of anthropology are total institutions and social institutions.
Traduxi sto testo da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
L'antropologia de instituçioin a peu analizzâ di scindicati de louanti, de açiende che van da-e impreise picciñe a-e grende, de organizzaçioin sanitäie, governative, da scheua, de prexoin e de instituçioin finançiäie.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Anthropology of institutions may analyze labor unions, businesses ranging from small enterprises to corporations, government, medical organizations, education, prisons, and financial institutions.
Comm’à l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
I antropòlogi instituçionali peuan studiâ o rappòrti tra e organizzçioin ò tra unn'organizzaçion e atre parte da soçietæ.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Institutional anthropologists may study the relationship between organizations or between an organization and other parts of society.
Traduxi in ingleise:
Ciù in particolâ, i antropòlogi peuan analizzâ di eventi speçifichi de drento à unn'instituçion, effettuâ de investigaçioin semiòtiche ò analizzâ i meccaniximi in base a-i quæ a conoscensa e a coltua son organizzæ e svogæ.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
More specifically, anthropologists may analyze specific events within an institution, perform semiotic investigations, or analyze the mechanisms by which knowledge and culture are organized and dispersed.
Traduxi sto testo da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
Sto neuvo periodo o l'avieiva piggiou tanti neuvi sviluppi tecnològichi, comme a registraçion mecanica.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
This new era would involve many new technological developments, such as mechanical recording.
Traduxi sto testo da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
Current Anthropology 43 (Supplemento):S5-17.Schieffelin, Bambi B. 2006.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Current Anthropology 43(Supplement):S5-17.Schieffelin, Bambi B. 2006.
Traduxi in ingleise:
O Woolard, inta seu panoramica do «cangio de còdixe», ò prattica scistematica d'alternâ de varietæ linguistiche inte unna conversaçion ò ascì de unn'esprescion de pe lê, o treuva che a domanda de fondo che i antropòlogi poñan in sce questa prattica (perché ô fan?), a reflette unn'ideologia linguistica dominante.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Woolard, in her overview of "code switching", or the systematic practice of alternating linguistic varieties within a conversation or even a single utterance, finds the underlying question anthropologists ask of the practice—Why do they do that?—reflects a dominant linguistic ideology.
Quæ a l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
Di atri linguisti an fæto de reçerche inti ambiti do contatto linguistico, do reisego linguistico e de l'«ingreise comme lengua globale».
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Other linguists have carried out research in the areas of language contact, language endangerment, and 'English as a global language'.
Traduxi sto testo da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
O travaggio do Joel Kuipers o sviluppa st'argomento in relaçion à l'isoa de Sumba, Indonesia.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
The work of Joel Kuipers develops this theme vis-a-vis the island of Sumba, Indonesia.