ConseggioLigure/seed-instruct-lij-eng huggingface dataset:
Traduxi sto testo in ingleise:
A se conçentra in sce comme i òrgani e i scistemi d’òrgani travaggian insemme into còrpo di òmmi e di animæ, in azzonta à comme fonçioñan independentemente.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
It focuses on how organs and organ systems work together in the bodies of humans and animals, in addition to how they work independently.
Traduxi in ingleise:
Tradiçionalmente i studdi fisiològichi en stæti scompartii inte fisiologia vegetale e animale, ma çerti prinçippi da fisiologia son universali, independentemente da l’organismo determinou che se studia.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Physiological studies have traditionally been divided into plant physiology and animal physiology, but some principles of physiology are universal, no matter what particular organism is being studied.
Quæ a l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
Pe fâ un exempio, pe commun o l’à da fâ con di scensiæ ch’an unna formaçion particolare pe di organismi determinæ comme a mammalogia, l’erpetologia o l’entomologia, ma deuvian quelli organismi comme scistemi pe responde à de domande generale in sce l’evoluçion.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
For example, it generally involves scientists who have special training in particular organisms such as mammalogy, ornithology, herpetology, or entomology, but use those organisms as systems to answer general questions about evolution.
Traduxi sto testo in ingleise:
Ciù into detaggio i etòlogi se son occupæ de l’evoluçion do comportamento e da comprenscion in termini de teoria da seleçion naturale.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Ethologists have been particularly concerned with the evolution of behavior and the understanding of behavior in terms of the theory of natural selection.
Traduxi da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
Tanto che i reçercatoî prattican de tecniche speçifiche da biologia molecolare, pe commun vëgnan combinæ con di metodi de genetica e biochimica.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
While researchers practice techniques specific to molecular biology, it is common to combine these with methods from genetics and biochemistry.
Quæ a l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
A scistematica biològica a l’é o studio da diverscifficaçion de forme vivente, tanto passæ comme presente, e e relaçioin tra e forme vivente atraverso do tempo.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Biological systematics is the study of the diversification of living forms, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time.
Traduxi in ingleise:
I erboi filogenetichi de speçie e taxa ciù erti vëgnan deuviæ pe studiâ l’evoluçion di tratti (comme caratteristiche anatòmiche ò molecolare) e a distribuçion di organismi (biogeografia).
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Phylogenetic trees of species and higher taxa are used to study the evolution of traits (e.g., anatomical or molecular characteristics) and the distribution of organisms (biogeography).
Traduxi da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
A scistematica biològica a clascifica e speçie pe mezo de træ ramme speçifiche.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Biological systematics classifies species by using three specific branches.
Traduxi sto testo da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
Spiegâ a biodiverscitæ do pianeta e di seu organismi.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Explaining the biodiversity of the planet and its organisms.
Comm’à l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
A tassonomia a l’é quella parte da scistematica ch’a l’à da fâ co-i argomenti da-o a) a-o d) mensunæ chì de d’ato.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Taxonomy is that part of Systematics concerned with topics (a) to (d) above.
Traduxi sto testo in ingleise:
À tutti i mòddi, a-a giornâ d’ancheu se peuan consciderâ tutti di scinòmimi.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
However, in modern usage, they can all be considered synonyms of each other.
Quæ a l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
Çerti sostëgnan che a scistematica da sola a s’òccupa into detaggio de relaçion atraveso do tempo e ch’a peu ëse un scinònimo de filogenetica, trattando in generale a gerarchia deduta da-i organismi.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Some claim systematics alone deals specifically with relationships through time, and that it can be synonymous with phylogenetics, broadly dealing with the inferred hierarchy of organisms.
Traduxi sto testo da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
E clascificaçioin scientifiche en un aggiutto pe registrâ e reportâ de informaçioin à di atri sciensiæ e a-i profani.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Scientific classifications are aids in recording and reporting information to other scientists and to laymen.
Traduxi in ingleise:
In biologia, unna speçie a l’é l’unitæ de base da clascificaçion e un graddo tassonòmico de un organismo, coscì comme unn’unitæ da biodiverscitæ.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity.
Traduxi da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
Pe de ciù i paleontòloghi deuvian o conçetto de cronospeçie perché a reproduçion fòssile a no peu vegnî examminâ.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined.
Quæ a l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
À tutte e speçie (feua che a-i virus) ven dæto un nomme inte doe parte, un «binòmio».
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
All species (except viruses) are given a two-part name, a "binomial".
Ti peu tradue sto testo in ingleise?
Pe dâ un exempio, Boa constrictor a l’é uña de quattro speçie do genere do genere Boa, con constrictor comme epiteto da speçie.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
For example, Boa constrictor is one of four species of the genus Boa, with constrictor being the species's epithet.
Quæ a l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
Pe de ciù, tra i organismi che se reproduxan solo pe via asessuâ, o conçetto de speçie reproduttiva a se rompe e tutti i cloin son putençialmente de microspeçie.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Also, among organisms that reproduce only asexually, the concept of a reproductive species breaks down, and each clone is potentially a microspecies.
Traduxi sto testo da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
E speçie en stæte viste da-i tempi d’Aristòtele fin a-o secolo dixeutto comme de categorie fisse che poeivan vegnî dispòste inte unna gerarchia, a gran cadeña de l’ëse.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Species were seen from the time of Aristotle until the 18th century as fixed categories that could be arranged in a hierarchy, the great chain of being.
Traduxi in lengua ingleise:
Ernst Mayr o l’à infatizzou l’isoamento reproduttivo, ma questo, comme di atri conçetti de speçie, o l’é diffiçile ò fiña imposcibile da provâ.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Ernst Mayr emphasised reproductive isolation, but this, like other species concepts, is hard or even impossible to test.
Traduxi sto testo in ingleise:
Sto metodo o l’é stæto deuviou comme metodo «clascico» pe determinâ e speçie, comme con Linneo a-o comenso da teoria evolutiva.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
This method was used as a "classical" method of determining species, such as with Linnaeus early in evolutionary theory.
Quæ a l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
Come regola generale, i microbiòloghi an ipotizzou che i tipi de battëi ò archaea con de sequense do gene 16S ribosomal RNA che s’assomeggian fra de liatri pe-o ciù do 97% devan ëse controllæ pe ibridaçion DNA-DNA pe deçidde s’appartëgnan a-a mæxima speçie ò no.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
As a rule of thumb, microbiologists have assumed that kinds of Bacteria or Archaea with 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences more similar than 97% to each other need to be checked by DNA-DNA hybridisation to decide if they belong to the same species or not.
Traduxi da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
E metodologie moderne confrontan a someggiansa de sequensa pe mezo de metodi computaçionali.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Modern approaches compare sequence similarity using computational methods.
Ti peu tradue sto testo in ingleise?
Unna base de dæti, barcode ò life data system (BOLD) a contëgne de sequense de còdixi à bare do DNA pe ciù de 190.000 speçie.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
A database, Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD), contains DNA barcode sequences from over 190,000 species.
Quæ a l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
Comme exempio, inte un studio fæto in scî fonzi, o studio di caratteri nucleotidichi pe mezo da cladistica a l’à produto i resultati ciù detaggiæ into reconosce e numerose speçie de fonzi de tutti i conçetti stæti studiæ.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
For example, in a study done on fungi, studying the nucleotide characters using cladistic species produced the most accurate results in recognising the numerous fungi species of all the concepts studied.
Traduxi in lengua ingleise:
Di atri ancon defendan sta metodologia, co-a conscideraçion che «inflaçion tassonòmica» a l’agge un scignificato negativo e etichettan o ponto de vista oppòsto comme «conservatorismo tassonòmico»; sostegnindo che l’é politicamente conveniente scompartî e speçie e reconosce e popolaçioin ciù picciñe à livello de speçie, perché questo o scignifica che peuan vegnî compreixi ciù de lengê inta lista rossa IUCN de speçie menassæ e peuan attrae legislaçion e finançiamenti pe-a conservaçion.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Yet others defend this approach, considering "taxonomic inflation" pejorative and labelling the opposing view as "taxonomic conservatism"; claiming it is politically expedient to split species and recognise smaller populations at the species level, because this means they can more easily be included as endangered in the IUCN red list and can attract conservation legislation and funding.
Comm’à l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
Se i scensiæ veuan dî che quarcösa s’applica a tutte e speçie drento de un mæximo genere, deuvian o numero do genere sensa o nomme speçifico ò epiteto.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
If scientists mean that something applies to all species within a genus, they use the genus name without the specific name or epithet.
Traduxi da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
Da maniman ch’arriva de neuve informaçioin, l’informaçion a peu vegnî corroborâ ò confutâ.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
As further information comes to hand, the hypothesis may be corroborated or refuted.
Traduxi sto testo da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
A divixon de un taxon inte ciù taxa, de spesso neuvi, a piggia o nomme de suddivixon.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Dividing a taxon into multiple, often new, taxa is called splitting.
Traduxi sto testo da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
O termine quasispecie de vòtte o ven deuviou pe de entitæ che cangian a-a spedie, comme i virus.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
The term quasispecies is sometimes used for rapidly mutating entities like viruses.
Ti peu tradue sto testo in ingleise?
Inte speçie à mòddo d’anello, quande i membri de popolaçioin vexiñe inte un range de distribuçion ampiamente continuo s’incroxan con successo, ma i membri de popolaçioin ciù lontañe no.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
In ring species, when members of adjacent populations in a widely continuous distribution range interbreed successfully but members of more distant populations do not.
Quæ a l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
Donca e speçie à mòddo d’anello presentan unna difficoltæ pe tutti i conçetti de speçie che se basan in sce l’isoamento reproduttivo.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Ring species thus present a difficulty for any species concept that relies on reproductive isolation.
Ti peu tradue sto testo in ingleise?
A speçiaçion a depende da unna mesoa d’isoamento reproduttivo, un flusso genico reduto.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Speciation depends on a measure of reproductive isolation, a reduced gene flow.
Comm’à l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
I battëi peuan scangiâ di plasmidi con di battëi de atre speçie, compreico çerteduñe in apparensa lontañe inte di dominni filogenetichi despægi, rendan diffiçile l’analii de seu relaçioin e indeboliscian o conçetto de speçie batterica.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Bacteria can exchange plasmids with bacteria of other species, including some apparently distantly related ones in different phylogenetic domains, making analysis of their relationships difficult, and weakening the concept of a bacterial species.
Traduxi da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
E estinçioin de massa an avuo unna varietæ de cause, tra e quæ l’attivitæ vorcanica, i cangiamenti do clima, inta chimica oçeanica e atmosferica, e à seu vòtta an avuo di effetti importanti in sce l’ecologia, l’atmosfera, a superfiçie terrestre e e ægue da Tæra.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Mass extinctions had a variety of causes including volcanic activity, climate change, and changes in oceanic and atmospheric chemistry, and they in turn had major effects on Earth's ecology, atmosphere, land surface and waters.
Traduxi da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
Çerti osservatoî sostëgnan che gh’é un conflitto intrinseco tra o dexidëio de capî i proçesci de speçiaçion e a neçescitæ d’identificâ e de categorizzâ.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Some observers claim that there is an inherent conflict between the desire to understand the processes of speciation and the need to identify and to categorise.
Ti peu tradue sto testo in ingleise?
Un di caxi clascichi into Nòrd America o l’é quello do dugo macciou do nòrd, protetto, ch’o s’ibrida co-o dugo macciou da Califòrnia, ch’o no l’é protetto, e o dugo barrou; sto fæto o l’à portou à di debæ a-o livello da lezze.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
One of the classic cases in North America is that of the protected northern spotted owl which hybridises with the unprotected California spotted owl and the barred owl; this has led to legal debates.
Traduxi da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
Unna forma a se distingueiva pe vegnî condivisa da tutti i seu membri; i zoeni ereditavan quæsesegge variaçioin da-i seu genitoî.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
A form was distinguished by being shared by all its members, the young inheriting any variations they might have from their parents.
Traduxi da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
O l’à stabilio l’idea de unna gerarchia tassonòmica de clascificaçion basâ in scê caratteristiche che se peuan osservâ e destinâ à respëgiâ e relaçioin naturale.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
He established the idea of a taxonomic hierarchy of classification based upon observable characteristics and intended to reflect natural relationships.
Traduxi sto testo da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, inta seu Zoological Philosophy do 1809, o l’à descrito a trasmutaçion de speçie, co-a propòsta che unna speçia a poesse cangiâ into tempo, abandonando radicalmente o pensceo aristòtelico.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, in his 1809 Zoological Philosophy, described the transmutation of species, proposing that a species could change over time, in a radical departure from Aristotelian thinking.
Traduxi sto testo da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
O genere (a-o plurale genera) o l’é un graddo tassonòmico deuviou inta clascificaçion biològica di organismi viventi e fòscili, coscì comme di virus.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Genus (plural genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses.
Quæ a l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
Pe dâ un exempio, Panthera leo (lion) e Panthera onca (giaguaro) en doe speçie do genere Panthera.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
E.g. Panthera leo (lion) and Panthera onca (jaguar) are two species within the genus Panthera.
Traduxi sto testo da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
Un exempio da botanica o saieiva Hibiscus arnottianus, unna speçie particolâ do genere Hibiscus originäia de Hawaii.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
A botanical example would be Hibiscus arnottianus, a particular species of the genus Hibiscus native to Hawaii.
Quæ a l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
I nommi à dispoxiçion en quelli pubricæ in conformitæ co-o Còdixe internaçionale de nomenclatua zoològica e no soppresci da de deçixoin ciù tarde da Commisicion Internaçionale de Nomenclatua Zoològica (ICZN); o primmo nomme de sta qualitæ pe un taxon chesesegge (comme un genere) o dovieiva donca vegnî seleçionou comme «valido» (ò sæ corrente ò açettou) pe-o taxon in costion.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Available names are those published in accordance with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and not otherwise suppressed by subsequent decisions of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN); the earliest such name for any taxon (for example, a genus) should then be selected as the "valid" (i.e., current or accepted) name for the taxon in question.
Comm’à l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
Inta botaica existe di conçetti che s’assomeggian che ch’an de etichette depæge.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
In botany, similar concepts exist but with different labels.
Traduxi in ingleise:
À tutti i mòddi, tanti en stæti assegnæ (pe-o ciù de forma involontäia) à doî ò ciù generi differenti.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
However, many names have been assigned (usually unintentionally) to two or more different genera.
Traduxi sto testo da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
Un nomme ch’o scignifica doe cöse differente o l’é un omònimo.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
A name that means two different things is a homonym.
Traduxi in lengua ingleise:
À tutti i mòddi, un genere inte un regno o peu portâ un nomme scientifico ch’o l’é in deuvia comme nomme generico (ò o nomme de un taxon inte un atro graddo) inte un regno governou da un còdixe de nomenclatua differente.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
However, a genus in one kingdom is allowed to bear a scientific name that is in use as a generic name (or the name of a taxon in another rank) in a kingdom that is governed by a different nomenclature code.
Quæ a l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
Pe dâ un exempio, tra i rettili (no aviäi) ch’an 1180 generi pöcassæ, a ciù parte (>300) an unna speçie solo, ~360 an tra e doe e e quattro speçie, 260 an 5-10 specie, ~200 an 11-50 speçie e solo 27 generi an ciù de 50 speçie.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
For instance, among (non-avian) reptiles, which have about 1180 genera, the most (>300) have only 1 species, ~360 have between 2 and 4 species, 260 have 5–10 species, ~200 have 11–50 species, and only 27 genera have more than 50 species.
Comm’à l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
Quæ speçie vëgnan assegnæ à un genere o l’é un pö arbiträio.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Which species are assigned to a genus is somewhat arbitrary.
Traduxi in lengua ingleise:
Tante vòtte no gh’é un accòrdio esatto, con tanti tassonomisti che piggian ciaschedun unna poxiçion despægia.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Often there is no exact agreement, with different taxonomists each taking a different position.
Traduxi sto testo in ingleise:
Michael Novacek (1986) o î à missi inta mæxima poxiçion.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Michael Novacek (1986) inserted them at the same position.
Traduxi da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
No gh’é de regole oggettive pe descrive unna classe, ma pe-i animæ conosciui l’é bon à ësighe do consenso.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
There are no objective rules for describing a class, but for well-known animals there is likely to be consensus.
Traduxi in ingleise:
Inta botanica a-a giornâ d’ancheu e classe vëgnan discusse de ræo.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
In botany, classes are now rarely discussed.
Traduxi in lengua ingleise:
Informalmente, i phyla peuan vegnî penæ comme di gruppi d’organismi basæ in sciâ speçializzaçion generale da cianta do còrpo.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Informally, phyla can be thought of as groupings of organisms based on general specialization of body plan.
Traduxi da-o zeneise à l’ingleise:
Donca i phyla peuan vegnî accorpæ ò scompartii, se vëgne evidente s’en ligæ l’un à l’atro ò no.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
So phyla can be merged or split if it becomes apparent that they are related to one another or not.
Ti peu tradue sto testo in ingleise?
Segondo a definiçion de Budd e Jensen, un phylum o l’é definio da un insemme de caratteri condivixi da tutti i seu representanti viventi.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
By Budd and Jensen's definition, a phylum is defined by a set of characters shared by all its living representatives.
Comm’à l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
À tutti i mòddi, dæto ch’a se basa in scî caratteri, a l’é façile da applicâ a-o record fòscile.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
However, as it is character based, it is easy to apply to the fossil record.
Traduxi sto testo da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
À tutti i mòddi, provâ che un fòscile o l’appartëgne a-a coroña de un phylum l’é diffiçile, dæto ch’a deve mostrâ un carattere unico à un sottoinsemme do gruppo coroña.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
However, proving that a fossil belongs to the crown group of a phylum is difficult, as it must display a character unique to a sub-set of the crown group.
Quæ a l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
A tabella chì sotta a va apreuvo à l’influente (sciben che controverso) scistema Cavalier-Smith inte l’equiparaçion de «Plantae» con Archeaplastica, un gruppo ch’o contëgne Viridiplantae e e divixoin d’æghe Rhodophyta e Glaucophyta.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
The table below follows the influential (though contentious) Cavalier-Smith system in equating "Plantae" with Archaeplastida, a group containing Viridiplantae and the algal Rhodophyta and Glaucophyta divisions.
Traduxi da-o ligure à l’ingleise:
A divixon Pinophyta a peu vegnî deuviâ pe tutte e gimnosperme (ò sæ con l’incluxon de cicadi, ginko e gnetofice), ò solo pe-e conifere, comme se dixe chì sotta.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
The division Pinophyta may be used for all gymnosperms (i.e. including cycads, ginkgos and gnetophytes), or for conifers alone as below.
Quæ a l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
Protista o l’é un taxon polifiletico, cösa ch’a l’é ciù diffiçile da açettâ pe-i biòlogi d’ancheu che do passou.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Protista is a polyphyletic taxon, which is less acceptable to present-day biologists than in the past.
Ti peu tradue sto testo in ingleise?
Carlo Linneo (1707-1778) o l’à misso e base da moderna nomenclatua biològica, che oua a l’é regolâ da-i Còdixi de Nomenclatua, do 1735.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) laid the foundations for modern biological nomenclature, now regulated by the Nomenclature Codes, in 1735.
Ti peu tradue sto testo in ingleise?
Do 1937 Édouard Chatton o l’à introduto i termini «procariöte» e «eucariöte» pe distingue sti organismi.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
In 1937 Édouard Chatton introduced the terms "prokaryote" and "eukaryote" to differentiate these organisms.
Comm’à l’é a traduçion ingleise de sto testo?
Robert Whittaker o l’à reconosciuo ancon un atro regno pe-i fonzi.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
Robert Whittaker recognized an additional kingdom for the Fungi.
Ti peu tradue sto testo in ingleise?
I atri doî regni, Protista e Monera, comprendeivan de colònie uniçelollare e cellolare sence.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
The remaining two kingdoms, Protista and Monera, included unicellular and simple cellular colonies.
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Inte di atri scistemi, comme quello de Lynn Margulis di çinque regni, e ciante comprendan solo e ciante terrestre (Embryophyta) e Protoctista a l’à unna definiçion ciù larga.
A traduçion in ingleise do testo a l’é:
In other systems, such as Lynn Margulis's system of five kingdoms, the plants included just the land plants (Embryophyta), and Protoctista has a broader definition.