ConseggioLigure/seed-instruct-eng-lij huggingface dataset:
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
The different ethnic groups must be competing for some common goal, such as power or influence, or a material interest, such as wealth or territory.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I gruppi etnichi differenti an da fâ de scianche pe quarche finalitæ commun, comme o governo ò l'influensa, ò pe un interesse materiale, comme a ricchessa ò o territöio.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
It holds that ethnic groups are only products of human social interaction, maintained only in so far as they are maintained as valid social constructs in societies.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O sostëgne che i gruppi etnichi son solo che di produti de l'interaçion soçiale umaña, mantegnui solo inta mesua che son mantegnui comme di construti soçiali che van inte soçietæ.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
They hold that prior to this ethnic homogeneity was not considered an ideal or necessary factor in the forging of large-scale societies.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sostëgnan che avanti de sto chì l'omogeneitæ etnica a no l'ea tegnua pe un fattô ideale o neçessäio inta formaçion de soçietæ in sce unna scâ larga.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Members of an ethnic group, on the whole, claim cultural continuities over time, although historians and cultural anthropologists have documented that many of the values, practices, and norms that imply continuity with the past are of relatively recent invention.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I membri de un gruppo etcnico, inte l'insemme, revendican a continuitæ colturale into tempo, sciben che i stòrichi e i antropòlogi colturali aggian documentou che tanti di valoî, de prattiche e de nòrme che comportan da continuitæ co-o passou son d'invençion relativamente neuva.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
It is based on the notion of "culture".
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O se basa in sciâ noçion de «coltua».
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
This view arose as a way to justify enslavement of African Americans and genocide of Native Americans in a society that was officially founded on freedom for all.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
St'opinion a l'é vegnua feua comme unna mainea pe giustificâ a reduçion in scciavitù di afroamerichen e o genoçidio di nativi americhen inte unna soçietæ fondâ offiçialmente in sciâ libertæ pe tutti.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
Many of the foremost scientists of the time took up the idea of racial difference and found that white Europeans were superior.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Ben ben di sciensiæ ciù importanti d'alantô an adottou l'idea da differensa de razza e an trovou che i europëi gianchi ean ciù boin.
Translate from English to Genoese:
Instead of attributing the marginalized status of people of color in the United States to their inherent biological inferiority, he attributed it to their failure to assimilate into American culture.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
In cangio che attribuî a condiçion d'emarginaçion de persoñe de pelle scua inti Stati Unii a-o seu ëse ciù grammi biologicamente pe nascion, lê o l'à attribuio a-a seu mancâ ascimilaçion inta coltua americaña.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
They argue in Racial Formation in the United States that the ethnicity theory was exclusively based on the immigration patterns of the white population and did take into account the unique experiences of non-whites in the United States.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
In Racial Formation in the United States, sostëgnan che a teoria de l'etniçitæ a no l'ea basâ che in scî modelli d'inmigraçion da popolaçion gianca e a tegniva conto de esperiense uniche di no gianchi inti Stati Uniti.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Assimilation shedding the particular qualities of a native culture for the purpose of blending in with a host culture did not work for some groups as a response to racism and discrimination, though it did for others.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L'ascimilaçion, saieiva à dî a remoçion de qualitæ particolæ de unna coltua nativa con l'intençion de fondila con unna coltua ospitante, a no l'à fonçionou pe çerti gruppi comme respòsta a-o razziximo e a-a discriminaçion, con tutto ch'a l'à fæto pe di atri.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
They culminated in the rise of "nation-states" in which the presumptive boundaries of the nation coincided (or ideally coincided) with state boundaries.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Son arrivæ in çimma co-a nascion de «stati naçion» donde i confin presonti da naçion combaxavan (ò combaxavan idealmente) co-i confin do stato.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Nation-states, however, invariably include populations who have been excluded from national life for one reason or another.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I stati naçionali, però, comprendan sensa variaçioin de popolaçioin ch'en stæte tegnue feua da-a vitta naçionale pe unna raxon ò pe l'atra.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
Multi-ethnic states can be the result of two opposite events, either the recent creation of state borders at variance with traditional tribal territories, or the recent immigration of ethnic minorities into a former nation-state.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I stati multietnichi peuan ëse l'exito de doî eventi oppòsti: a creaçion de fresco de confin statali in contrasto con di territöi tribali tradiçionali, ò asci l'inmigraçion de fresco de minoranse etniche inte un passou stato naçionale.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Though these categories are usually discussed as belonging to the public, political sphere, they are upheld within the private, family sphere to a great extent.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sciben che ste categorie vëgnan discusse pe commun comme parte da sfera politica, pubrica, son sostegnue in larga mesua de dentro a-a sfera da famiggia, privâ.
Translate to Ligurian:
Before Weber (1864–1920), race and ethnicity were primarily seen as two aspects of the same thing.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Avanti do Weber (1864-1920), a razza e l'etnia ean viste mascime comme doe parte da mæxima cösa.
Translate to Ligurian:
According to this view, the state should not acknowledge ethnic, national or racial identity but rather instead enforce political and legal equality of all individuals.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Segondo sto ponto de vista, o stato o no dovieiva reconosce l'identitæ etcnica, naçionale ò de razza ma ciufito fâ vai a paritæ legale e politica de tutti i individui.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
The 19th century saw the development of the political ideology of ethnic nationalism, when the concept of race was tied to nationalism, first by German theorists including Johann Gottfried von Herder.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O secolo XIX o l'à visto o sviluppo de l'ideologia politica do naçionaliximo etcnico, quande o conçetto de razza o l'é stæto ligou a-o naçionaliximo, avanti di teòrichi todeschi che comprendeivan o Johann Gottfried von Herder.
Translate from English to Genoese:
Each promoted the pan-ethnic idea that these governments were acquiring only lands that had always been inhabited by ethnic Germans.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Ognidun o promoveiva l'idea panetcnica che sti governi ean apreuvo à piggiâse solo de tære ch'ean stæte abitæ delongo da di todeschi etnichi.
Translate to Ligurian:
The colonization of Asia was largely ended in the 20th century, with national drives for independence and self-determination across the continent.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A colonizzaçion de l'Asia a l'é finia in gran parte do secolo XX, co-i asbrii naçionali pe l'independensa e l'autodeterminaçion inte tutto o continente.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
A number of European countries, including France and Switzerland, do not collect information on the ethnicity of their resident population.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Tanti paixi europëi, tra i quæ a Fransa e a Svissera, no arrecheuggian de informaçioin relative à l'origine etnica da seu popolaçion rescidente.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
During European colonization, Europeans arrived in North America.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Tanto che gh'ea a colonizzaçion europea, i europëi son arrivæ into Nòrd America.
Translate to Genoese:
Digital ethnography allows for a lot more opportunities to look at different cultures and societies.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L’etnografia digitale a l’òffre ben ben ciù d’opportunitæ d’ammiâ à de coltue e soçietæ differente.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
Relational Ethnography articulates studying fields rather than places or processes rather than processed people.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L'etnografia relaçionale a se propoñe de studiâ i campi ciufito che i sciti ò i proçesci ciufito che e persoñe interessæ da-i proçesci.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
The goal is to collect data in such a way that the researcher imposes a minimal amount of personal bias in the data.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L'intençion a l'é arrecheugge di dæti de mainea che o reçercatô o gh'introduxe unna quantitæ minima de preconçetti personali.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Interviews are often taped and later transcribed, allowing the interview to proceed unimpaired of note-taking, but with all information available later for full analysis.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E interviste son de sovente registræ e dapeu trascrite, con permette coscì à l'intervista de corrî sensa l'impedimento de piggiâ di apponti, ma con tutte e informaçioin à dispoxiçion inte un segondo momento pe unn'analixi piña.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Despite these attempts of reflexivity, no researcher can be totally unbiased.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Ascì con tutti sti tentativi de reflescivitæ, nisciun reçercatô o peu ëse do tutto imparçiale.
Translate to Ligurian:
2010) examine the ontological and epistemological presuppositions underlying ethnography.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
2010) examiñan i presoppòsti ontològici e epistemològici a-a base de l'etnografia.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Critical theory researchers address "issues of power within the researcher-researched relationships and the links between knowledge and power."
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I reçercatoî de teoria critica affrontan e «costioin d'influensa de drento a-e relaçioin reçercatô-reçercou e i rappòrti tra conoscensa e influensa».
Translate to Ligurian:
An image can be contained within the physical world through a particular individual's perspective, primarily based on that individual's past experiences.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Unn'imagine a peu ëse contegnua de drento a-o mondo fixico pe mezo do ponto de vista de un individuo particolâ, basâ sorviatutto in scê esperiense passæ de quell'individuo.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
The idea of an image relies on the imagination and has been seen to be utilized by children in a very spontaneous and natural manner.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L'idea de unn'imagine a se basa in sce l'imaginaçion e s'é visto ch'a vëgne addeuviâ da-i figgeu de mainea ben ben sccetta e naturale.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Cultural and social anthropologists today place a high value on doing ethnographic research.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Ancheu i antropòlogi soçiali e colturali attribuiscian unna gran varsciua à l'execuçion da reçerca etnografica.
Translate to Ligurian:
The fieldwork usually involves spending a year or more in another society, living with the local people and learning about their ways of life.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O travaggio in sciô campo pe commun o compòrta de passâ un anno ò de ciù inte unn'atra soçietæ, vive co-e persoñe do pòsto e conosce e seu mainee de vitta.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Benedict's experiences with the Southwest Zuni pueblo is to be considered the basis of her formative fieldwork.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L'esperiensa do Benedict co-o pueblo Zuni into Sud Òvest a va piggiâ comme a base do seu travaggio formativo in sciô campo.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
A typical ethnography attempts to be holistic and typically follows an outline to include a brief history of the culture in question, an analysis of the physical geography or terrain inhabited by the people under study, including climate, and often including what biological anthropologists call habitat.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Unn'etnografia tipica a çerca d'ëse olistica e de nòrma a va apreuvo à un schema ch'o comprende unna stöia curta da coltua in argomento, unn'analixi da geografia fixica ò do terren abitou da-e persoñe oggetto de studio, compreiso o climma, e de sovente compreiso quello che i antropòlogi biològichi ghe dixan habitat.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Kinship and social structure (including age grading, peer groups, gender, voluntary associations, clans, moieties, and so forth, if they exist) are typically included.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L'é compreiso de nòrma a struttua soçiale e de pæntou (compreiso i gruppi pe graddi d'etæ, i gruppi de pægi, o genere, e assoçiaçioin de volontäi, i clan, e meitæ, e avanti coscì, se ghe n'é).
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Rites, rituals, and other evidence of religion have long been an interest and are sometimes central to ethnographies, especially when conducted in public where visiting anthropologists can see them.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I riti, i rituali e de atre manifestaçioin da religion son da tempo un oggetto d'interesse e de vòtte son çentrali pe-e etnografie, mascime quande son fæti in pubrico, donde i antropòlogi in vixita î peuan vedde.
Translate to Genoese:
Geertz, while still following something of a traditional ethnographic outline, moved outside that outline to talk about "webs" instead of "outlines" of culture.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O Geertz, ascì ch'o l'anava avanti à stâ apreuvo à unna meña de schema etnografico tradiçionale, o l'é sciortio da quello schema pe parlâ de «tägnæ» incangio che de «schemi» de coltua.
Translate to Ligurian:
In regards to this last point, Writing Culture became a focal point for looking at how ethnographers could describe different cultures and societies without denying the subjectivity of those individuals and groups being studied while simultaneously doing so without laying claim to absolute knowledge and objective authority.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe quello ch'o l'à da fâ con l'urtimo ponto, Writing Culture a l'é vegnua un ponto determinante pe examinâ comme i etnògrafi poessan descrive de coltue e soçietæ differente sensa denegâ a soggettivitæ di gruppi e di individui studiæ, proçedendo da mæxima sensa revendicâ unna conoscensa assolua e unn'autoritæ oggettiva.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
As the purpose of ethnography is to describe and interpret the shared and learned patterns of values, behaviors, beliefs, and language of a culture-sharing group, Harris, (1968), also Agar (1980) note that ethnography is both a process and an outcome of the research.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Apreuvo che l'intençion de l'etnografia a l'é de descrive e interpretâ i schemi impreixi e scompartii de valoî, comportamenti, convinçioin e lengua de un gruppo ch'o scompartisce unna coltua, o Harris (1968) e o Agar (1980) ascì osservan che l'etnografia a l'é segge un proçesso segge un exito da reçerca.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
Sociologist Sam Ladner argues in her book, that understanding consumers and their desires requires a shift in "standpoint," one that only ethnography provides.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A soçiòloga Sam Ladner a sostëgne into seu libbro che pe comprende i consummatoî e i seu dexidëi ghe veu un cangio de «ponto de vista», che solo l'etnografia a fornisce.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
By assessing user experience in a "natural" setting, ethnology yields insights into the practical applications of a product or service.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Con analizzâ l'esperiensa de l'utente inte un contesto «naturale», l'etnologia a permette unna comprenscion profonda de applicaçioin prattiche de un produto ò serviçio.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
The Ethnographic Praxis in Industry (EPIC) conference is evidence of this.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O convëgno Ethnographic Praxis in Industry (EPIC) o n'é unna preuva.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
Jaber F. Gubrium and James A. Holstein's (1997) monograph, The New Language of Qualitative Method, discusses forms of ethnography in terms of their "methods talk."
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A monografia do Jaber F. Gubrium e do James A. Holstein (1997), The New Language of Qualitative Method, a l'examiña e forme de l'etnografia in termini da relativa «discuscion in scî metodi».
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
Essentially, Fine maintains that researchers are typically not as ethical as they claim or assume to be — and that "each job includes ways of doing things that would be inappropriate for others to know".
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
In sostansa, o Fine o sostëgne che i reçercatoî de nòrma no son coscì etichi comme deciaran ò pensan d'ëse, e che «ciaschedun travaggio o comprende de modalitæ operative che no saieiva ben che di atri conoscian».
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
He maintains that "illusions" are essential to maintain an occupational reputation and avoid potentially more caustic consequences.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O l'afferma che e «inluxoin» son essençiale pe mantegnî unna reputaçion occupaçionale e schivâ de conseguense in potensa ciù teusceghe.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
The code of ethics notes that anthropologists are part of a wider scholarly and political network, as well as human and natural environment, which needs to be reported on respectfully.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O còdixe etico o l'osserva che i antropòlogi son parte de unna ræ politica e academica ciù grande, e ascì de un ambiente uman e naturale, do quæ beseugna parlâ con do respetto.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
In reality, an ethnographer will always miss some aspect because of lacking omniscience.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
In veitæ, à un etnògrafo ghe scappià delongo quarche tòcco pe mancansa d'onnisciensa.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Indigenous peoples, also referred to as first people, aboriginal people, native people, or autochthonous people, are culturally distinct ethnic groups who are native to a place which has been colonised and settled by another ethnic group.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I pòpoli indigeni, ciammæ ascì primmi pòpoli, pòpoli aborigeni, pòpoli nativi ò pòpoli autòctoni, en di gruppi etnichi destaccæ pe coltua che son nasciui inte un pòsto ch'o l'é stæto colonizzou e donde s'é stabilio un atro gruppo etnico.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Peoples are usually described as "indigenous" when they maintain traditions or other aspects of an early culture that is associated with a given region.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I pòpoli pe commun son descriti comme «indigeni» quande conservan de tradiçioin ò di atri elementi de unna coltua antiga accobiâ à unna çerta region.
Translate to Genoese:
Indigenous peoples continue to face threats to their sovereignty, economic well-being, languages, ways of knowing, and access to the resources on which their cultures depend.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I pòpoli indigeni van avanti à affrontâ de menasse a-a seu sovranitæ, a-o seu bon stâ econòmico, a-e seu lengue, a-e seu modalitæ de conoscensa e a-a seu poscibilitæ de deuviâ e resorse da-e quæ depende e seu coltue.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Estimates of the total global population of Indigenous peoples usually range from 250 million to 600 million.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E stimme da popolaçion globale totale de pòpoli indigeni pe sòlito lòccian da-i 250 a-i 600 mioin.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
As a reference to a group of people, the term Indigenous first came into use by Europeans who used it to differentiate the Indigenous peoples of the Americas from enslaved Africans.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Comme referimento à un gruppo de persoñe, o termine indigeno o l'é stæto addeuviou primma da-i europëi pe differençiâ i pòpoli indigeni de Americhe da-i africhen reduti in scciavitù.
Translate from English to Genoese:
In the 1970s, the term was used as a way of linking the experiences, issues, and struggles of groups of colonized people across international borders.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Di anni '70, o termine o l'é stæto addeuviou comme unna mainea pe collegâ e esperiense, i problemi e e battagge de di gruppi de persoñe colonizzæ a-o de là di confin internaçionali.
Translate from English to Genoese:
This situation can persist even in the case where the Indigenous population outnumbers that of the other inhabitants of the region or state; the defining notion here is one of separation from decision and regulatory processes that have some, at least titular, influence over aspects of their community and land rights.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sta scituaçion a peu persciste anche into caxo che a popolaçion indigena a segge ciù tanta che quella di atri abitanti da region ò do stato; a nòçion ch'a dà a definiçion chì a l'à da fâ co-a spartiçion da-i proçesci normativi e de deçixoin ch'an quarche influensa, a-o manco nominale, in sce di elementi di seu driti de territöio e de communitæ.
Translate to Genoese:
A 2009 United Nations report published by the Secretariat of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues stated: For centuries, since the time of their colonization, conquest or occupation, Indigenous peoples have documented histories of resistance, interface or cooperation with states, thus demonstrating their conviction and determination to survive with their distinct sovereign identities.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Un rappòrto de Naçioin Unie do 2009 pubricâ da-o Segretariato do Forum permanente in scê costioin indigene o l'affermava che pe di secoli, fin da-o tempo da seu colonizzaçion, conquista ò occupaçion, i pòpoli indigeni an documentou de stöie de rescistensa, relaçion ò cooperaçion co-i stati, mostrando coscì a seu convinçion e a seu determinaçion à scampâ co-e seu identitæ sovrañe distinte.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
These people were seen by ancient writers either as the ancestors of the Greeks, or as an earlier group of people who inhabited Greece before the Greeks.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sti pòpoli ean tegnui da-i scrittoî antighi pe-i antighi di greghi, ò comme un gruppo ciù vegio de persoñe ch'en stæte in Greçia avanti di greghi.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
The Crusades (1096-1271) were based on this ambition of a holy war against who the church saw as infidels.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E Croxæ (1096-1271) se fondavan in sce questo dexidëio de unna guæra santa contra quelli che a gexa a veddeiva comme di infedeli.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
However, the council upheld that conquests could 'legally' occur if non-Christians refused to comply with Christianization and European natural law.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Però, o conçilio o l'à sostegnuo che e conquiste poeivan avvegnî 'legalmente' se i no crestien se refuavan de conformâse a-a crestianizzaçion e a-a lezze de natua europea.