ConseggioLigure/seed-instruct-eng-lij huggingface dataset:
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
One of the central characteristics is that anthropology tends to provide a comparatively more holistic account of phenomena and tends to be highly empirical.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Uña de caratteristiche prinçipæ a l'é che l'antropologia à tende à fornî unna descriçion relativamente ciù olistica di fenòmeni e a tende a ëse in gran mesua empirica.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
These dynamic relationships, between what can be observed on the ground, as opposed to what can be observed by compiling many local observations remain fundamental in any kind of anthropology, whether cultural, biological, linguistic or archaeological.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Ste relaçioin dinamiche tra quello che peu ëse osservou in sciô campo à peto de quello che peu ëse osservou arrecuggendo ben ben de osservaçioin locale arrestan fondamentale inte quæ se segge tipo d'antropologia, ch'a segge colturale, biològica, linguistica ò archeològica.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
On the biological or physical side, human measurements, genetic samples, nutritional data may be gathered and published as articles or monographs.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Da-o ponto de vista biològico ò fixico, e mesue umañe, i campioin genetichi e i dæti de nutriçion peuan ëse arrecuggeiti e pubblicæ comme articoli ò monografie.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Further cultural subdivisions according to tool types, such as Olduwan or Mousterian or Levalloisian help archaeologists and other anthropologists in understanding major trends in the human past.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Ancon de atre spartiçioin culturale in base a-i tipi d'attressi, comme olduvaian, musterian e levalloisian, permettan a-i archeòlogi e atri antropòlogi de comprende e ciù gren tendense do passou uman.
Translate to Genoese:
A cultural norm codifies acceptable conduct in society; it serves as a guideline for behavior, dress, language, and demeanor in a situation, which serves as a template for expectations in a social group.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Unna nòrma colturale a codifica un comportamento ch'o se peu açettâ inta soçietæ; o serve comme linia guidda pe-o comportamento, o vestî, o linguaggio e l'atteggiamento inte unna scituaçion, con fonçionâ da modello pe-e aspettative inte un gruppo soçiale.
Translate to Ligurian:
These include expressive forms like art, music, dance, ritual, religion, and technologies like tool usage, cooking, shelter, and clothing.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L'é compreiso de forme esprescive, comme l'arte, a muxica, o ballo, i rituali, a religion, e tecnologie comme l'uso de strumenti, a coxiña, l'allögio e o vestî.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
The level of cultural sophistication has also sometimes been used to distinguish civilizations from less complex societies.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O livello de sofisticaçion colturale de vòtte o l'é stæto addeuviou anche pe distingue e çiviltæ da-e soçietæ meno complesse.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
Mass culture refers to the mass-produced and mass mediated forms of consumer culture that emerged in the 20th century.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A coltua de massa a l'à da fâ co-e forme de coltua do consummo produte in massa e mediæ in massa che l'é vegnuo feua do secolo XX.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
In the wider social sciences, the theoretical perspective of cultural materialism holds that human symbolic culture arises from the material conditions of human life, as humans create the conditions for physical survival, and that the basis of culture is found in evolved biological dispositions.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Inte sciense soçiale ciù larghe, a prospettiva teòrica do materialiximo colturale a l'afferma che a coltua scimbòlica umaña a vëgne feua da-e condiçioin materiale da vitta umaña, visto che i umoen crean e condiçioin pe-o scampo fixico, e che a base da coltua a s'attreuva inte dispoxiçioin biològiche evolue.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
In this sense, multiculturalism values the peaceful coexistence and mutual respect between different cultures inhabiting the same planet.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Inte questo senso, o multiculturaliximo o dà varsciua a-a coexistensa in paxe e a-o respetto uña con l'atra tra coltue despæge che stan in sciô mæximo pianeta.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
In 1986, philosopher Edward S. Casey wrote, "The very word culture meant 'place tilled' in Middle English, and the same word goes back to Latin colere, 'to inhabit, care for, till, worship' and cultus, 'A cult, especially a religious one.'
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Do 1986, o filòsofo Edward S. Casey o l'à scrito: «A poula coltua a voeiva dî "scito cortivou" in ingreise de mezo e a mæxima poula a ne ven da-o latin colere, "abitâ, cuâ, cortivâ, venerâ", e cultus, "un culto, in particolâ religioso".
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Thus a contrast between "culture" and "civilization" is usually implied in these authors, even when not expressed as such.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe quello inte sti autoî pe commun l'é comportou un contrasto tra «coltua» e «çiviltæ», anche quande o no l'é espresso comme pægio.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
Rein Raud, building on the work of Umberto Eco, Pierre Bourdieu and Jeffrey C. Alexander, has proposed a model of cultural change based on claims and bids, which are judged by their cognitive adequacy and endorsed or not endorsed by the symbolic authority of the cultural community in question.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O Rein Raud, basandose in sciô travaggio do Umberto Eco, o Pierre Bourdieu e o Jeffrey C. Alexander, o l'à propòsto un modello de cangiamento colturale basou in sce domande e offerte, che vëgnan giudicæ in base a-a seu conformitæ cognitiva e approvæ ò no da l'autoritæ scimbòlica da communitæ colturale in argomento.
Translate from English to Genoese:
Culture repositioning means the reconstruction of the cultural concept of a society.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O repoxiçionamento colturale o representa a reconstruçion do conçetto colturale de unna soçietæ.
Translate to Ligurian:
Social conflict and the development of technologies can produce changes within a society by altering social dynamics and promoting new cultural models, and spurring or enabling generative action.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O conflitto soçiale e o sviluppo de tecnologie peuan generâ di cangiamenti inte unna soçietæ con sciätâ e dinamiche soçiale e con promeuve di neuvi modelli culturali e spronâ ò permette unn'açion generativa.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
War or competition over resources may impact technological development or social dynamics.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A guæra ò a competiion pe-e resorse peuan influî in sciô sviluppo tecnològico ò in scê dinamiche soçiale.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
For example, Western restaurant chains and culinary brands sparked curiosity and fascination to the Chinese as China opened its economy to international trade in the late 20th-century.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe exempio, e cadeñe de restoranti e i marchi gastronòmichi do Ponente an açeiso da coixitæ e de l'attraçion inti cineixi quande a Ciña a l'à averto a seu economia a-o commercio internaçionale in sciâ fin do secolo XX.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
He argued that this immaturity comes not from a lack of understanding, but from a lack of courage to think independently.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O l'à sostegnuo che sta mancansa de sæximo a no ne vëgne da unna mancansa de comprenscion, ma da-a mancansa de coraggio de pensâ de mainea independente.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
Moreover, Herder proposed a collective form of Bildung: "For Herder, Bildung was the totality of experiences that provide a coherent identity, and sense of common destiny, to a people."
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe de ciù, o Herder o l'à propòsto unna forma collettiva de Bildingu: «Pe-o Herder, a Bildung a l'ea l'insemme d'esperiense che forniscian à un pòpolo unn'identitæ coerente e un senso de destin commun».
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
According to this school of thought, each ethnic group has a distinct worldview that is incommensurable with the worldviews of other groups.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Segondo sta scheua de pensceo, ciaschedun gruppo etnico o l'à unna vixon do mondo differente ch'a no se peu confrontâ co-e vixoin do mondo d'atri gruppi.
Translate to Ligurian:
He proposed that a scientific comparison of all human societies would reveal that distinct worldviews consisted of the same basic elements.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O l'à propòsto che un confronto scientifico de tutte e soçietæ umañe o l'avieiva mostrou che de vixoin do mondo differente ean formæ da-i mæximi elementi de base.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
a particular way of life, whether of a people, period or a group.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
unna particolâ mainea de vive, de unna persoña, un periodo ò un gruppo.
Translate from English to Genoese:
In other words, the idea of "culture" that developed in Europe during the 18th and early 19th centuries reflected inequalities within European societies.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Saieiva à dî che l'idea de «coltua» ch'a s'é sviluppâ in Euröpa do secolo XVIII e a-o comenso do XIX a spëgiava e disparitæ drento a-e soçietæ europee.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
According to this way of thinking, one could classify some countries and nations as more civilized than others and some people as more cultured than others.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
In base à sta mainea de pensâ, se porrieiva clascificâ çerti paixi e naçioin comme ciù çivilizzæ d'atri e çerte persoñe comme ciù instruie d'atre.
Translate from English to Genoese:
Other 19th-century critics, following Rousseau, have accepted this differentiation between higher and lower culture, but have seen the refinement and sophistication of high culture as corrupting and unnatural developments that obscure and distort people's essential nature.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Di atri critichi do secolo XIX, anando apreuvo a-o Rousseau, an açettou sta differensa tra coltua ciù erta e ciù bassa, ma an visto a finessa e a sofisticaçion da coltua erta comme di sviluppi corruttivi e innaturali che ascondan e deforman a natua essençiale de persoñe.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
For sociologist Georg Simmel (1858–1918), culture referred to "the cultivation of individuals through the agency of external forms which have been objectified in the course of history."
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe-o soçiòlogo Georg Simmel (1858-1918), a coltua a l'aiva da fâ co-a «cortivaçion di individui pe mezo de l'euvia de forme de feua che son stæte oggettivæ into corso da stöia».
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
Non-material culture refers to the non-physical ideas that individuals have about their culture, including values, belief systems, rules, norms, morals, language, organizations, and institutions, while material culture is the physical evidence of a culture in the objects and architecture they make or have made.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A coltua no materiale a l'à da fâ co-e idee no fixiche che i individui an in sciâ seu coltua, compreiso valoî, scistemi de credense, regole, nòrme, morale, linguaggio, organizzaçioin e instituçioin, incangio a coltua materiale a l'é a preuva fixica de unna coltua inti oggetti e inte l'architettua che crean ò ch'an creou.
Translate to Ligurian:
Cultural sociology was then "reinvented" in the English-speaking world as a product of the "cultural turn" of the 1960s, which ushered in structuralist and postmodern approaches to social science.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A soçiologia colturale a l'é stæta donca «inventâ torna» into mondo de lengua ingreise comme un produto da «vortâ colturale» di anni '60, ch'a l'à dæto o comenso a-i critëi struturalisti e pòstmoderni pe-e sciense soçiale.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Culture" has since become an important concept across many branches of sociology, including resolutely scientific fields like social stratification and social network analysis.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Da aloa in avanti «coltua» o l'é vegnuo un conçetto importante in tanti settoî da soçiologia, compreiso di campi sccettamente scientifichi comme a stratificaçion soçiale e l'analixi di social network.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
They saw patterns of consumption and leisure as determined by relations of production, which led them to focus on class relations and the organization of production.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pensavan che i modelli de consummo e tempo libero fïsan determinæ da-i rappòrti de produçion, cösa ch'a î à portæ a conçentrâse in scî rappòrti tra e classe e in sce l'organizzaçion da produçion.
Translate from English to Genoese:
It has since become strongly associated with Stuart Hall, who succeeded Hoggart as Director.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Da aloa in avanti o l'é stæto accobiou streito co-o Stuart Hall, ch'o l'é vegnuo apreuvo a-o Hoggart comme direttô.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
These practices comprise the ways people do particular things (such as watching television or eating out) in a given culture.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Ste prattiche comprendan e mainee co-e quæ e persoñe fan de açioin particolæ (comme ammiâ a televixon ò mangiâ feua de cà) ò inte unna çerta coltua.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Watching television to view a public perspective on a historical event should not be thought of as culture unless referring to the medium of television itself, which may have been selected culturally; however, schoolchildren watching television after school with their friends to "fit in" certainly qualifies since there is no grounded reason for one's participation in this practice.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Ammiâ a televixon pe osservâ unna prospettiva pubrica in sce un evento stòrico o no dovieiva ëse visto comme coltua levou che no se fasse riferimento a-o mæximo mezo da televixon, ch'o porrieiva ëse stæto çernuo pe coltua; però, i scoläi ch'ammian a televixon dòppo a schua co-i amixi pe «sentîse parte» de seguo an i requixiti perché no gh'é unna raxon fondâ pe-a parteçipaçion à sta prattica chì.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Culture" for a cultural-studies researcher not only includes traditional high culture (the culture of ruling social groups) and popular culture, but also everyday meanings and practices.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A «coltua» pe un reçercatô de studdi colturali a no comprende solo che a coltua erta tradiçIonale (a coltua di gruppi soçiali dominanti) e a coltua popolare, ma ascì di scignificati e prattiche de tutti i giorni.
Translate to Genoese:
Scholars in the United Kingdom and the United States developed somewhat different versions of cultural studies after the late 1970s.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I studioxi do Regno Unio e di Stati Unii an sviluppou de verscioin assæ differente di studdi colturali dòppo a fin di anni 1970.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
The distinction between American and British strands, however, has faded.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Con tutto, a distinçion tra e veñe americañe e britanniche a s'é ammermâ.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
The main focus of an orthodox Marxist approach concentrates on the production of meaning.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O ponto çentrale de un critëio marxista ortodòosso o se conçentra in sciâ produçion de scignificato.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Other approaches to cultural studies, such as feminist cultural studies and later American developments of the field, distance themselves from this view.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Di atri critëi pe-i studdi colturali, comme i studdi colturali femministi e i sviluppi americhen do settô vegnui apreuvo, se destaccan da sto ponto de vista.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Culture psychologists began to try to explore the relationship between emotions and culture, and answer whether the human mind is independent from culture.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I pscicòlogi da coltua an comensou à provâ à analizzâ a relaçion tra emoscioin e coltua e à responde a-a domanda se a mente umaña a segge independente da coltua.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
On the other hand, some researchers try to look for differences between people's personalities across cultures.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
D'atro canto, çerti reçercatoî an provou à çercâ e differense tra e personalitæ di individui inte tante coltue.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
For example, people who are raised in a culture with an abacus are trained with distinctive reasoning style.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe exempio, i individui cresciui inte unna coltua con un abbachin vëgnan formæ con un stilo de raxonamento distintivo.
Translate from English to Genoese:
Basically, the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and the UNESCO Convention for the Protection of Cultural Diversity deal with the protection of culture.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
In sostansa, a Convençion de l'Aia pe-a proteçion di ben colturali in caxo de conflitto armoi e a Convençion de l'UNESCO pe-a proteçion da diverscitæ colturale s'interessan da proteçion da coltua.
Translate to Genoese:
Under international law, the UN and UNESCO try to set up and enforce rules for this.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
In base a-o drito internaçionale, l'ONU e l'UNESCO çercan de definî e applicâ de normative inte st'ambito.
Translate to Genoese:
A festival is an event ordinarily celebrated by a community and centering on some characteristic aspect of that community and its religion or cultures.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Unna festa a l'é un evento pe commun çelebrou da unna communitæ e inçentrou in sce un ponto caratteristico de quella communitæ e da seu religion ò coltua.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Next to religion and folklore, a significant origin is agricultural.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Insemme a-a religion e a-o folclore, unn'origine importante a l'é quella agricola.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Festivals often serve to fulfill specific communal purposes, especially in regard to commemoration or thanking to the gods, goddesses or saints: they're called patronal festivals.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E feste de spesso an a fonçion de satisfâ de finalitæ communitäie speçifiche, in particolâ in sciâ commemoraçion ò o ringraçiamento de dëi, dee ò santi, e vëgnan definie feste patronale.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
In Ancient Greece and Rome, festivals such as the Saturnalia were closely associated with social organisation and political processes as well as religion.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Inta Greçia antiga e à Romma, de feste comme i Saturnalia ean ligæ streite à l'organizzaçion soçiale e a-i proçesci politichi, in ciù che a-a religion.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
In Middle English, a "festival dai" was a religious holiday.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
In ingreise de mezo, un «festival dai» o l'ea unna festivitæ religiosa.
Translate to Ligurian:
The term "feast" is also used in common secular parlance as a synonym for any large or elaborate meal.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe de ciù, o termine «festa» o l'é addeuviou into linguaggio laico comme un scinònimo de pasto abbondante ò raffinou.
Translate from English to Genoese:
The most important religious festivals such as Christmas, Rosh Hashanah, Diwali, Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha serve to mark out the year.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E festivitæ religiose ciù importante comme o Dënâ, o Rosh Hashanah, o Diwali, l'Eid al-Fitr e l'Eid al-Adha servan à marcâ l'anno.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
An early example is the festival established by Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses III celebrating his victory over the Libyans.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Un di primmi exempi o l'é a festa instituia da l'antigo faraon egiçian Ramses III inteisa à çelebrâ a vittöia in scî libichi.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
There are numerous types of festivals in the world and most countries celebrate important events or traditions with traditional cultural events and activities.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A-o mondo existe tante qualitæ de feste e i ciù tanti paixi çelebran de tradiçioin ò avvegnimenti importanti con de attivitæ e eventi colturali tradiçionali.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Ancient Egyptian festivals could be either religious or political.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E feste di antighi egiçi poeivan ëse de tipo religioso ò politico.
Translate to Genoese:
The Sed festival, for example, celebrated the thirtieth year of an Egyptian pharaoh's rule and then every three (or four in one case) years after that.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A festa de Sed, pe exempio, a çelebrava o compimento do trenten anno de regno de un faraon egiçian e dapeu ògni trei (ò quattro inte un solo caxo) anni apreuvo.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
In the Christian liturgical calendar, there are two principal feasts, properly known as the Feast of the Nativity of our Lord (Christmas) and the Feast of the Resurrection (Easter), but minor festivals in honour of local patron saints are celebrated in almost all countries influenced by Christianity.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O calendäio liturgico crestian o contëgne doe festivitæ prinçipæ, conosciue propiamente comme Festa da Nascion de Nòstro Segnô (Dënâ) e Festa da Resurreçion (Pasqua), ma inte squæxi tutti i paixi influensæ da-o crestianeximo se çelebra de feste ciù picciñe in onô di santi patroin locali.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Buddhist religious festivals, such as Esala Perahera are held in Sri Lanka and Thailand.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
In Sri Lanka e Thailandia vëgne çelebrou e feste religiose buddiste, comme Esala Perahera.
Translate from English to Genoese:
Film festivals involve the screenings of several different films, and are usually held annually.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I festival de cine preveddan a proieçioin de tanti cini e pe sòlito se tëgnan tutti i anni.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
There are also specific beverage festivals, such as the famous Oktoberfest in Germany for beer.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe de ciù existe di festival pe de bevande particolæ, comme l'avvoxou Oktoberfest in Germania pe-a bira.
Translate to Ligurian:
Ancient Egyptians relied upon the seasonal inundation caused by the Nile River, a form of irrigation, which provided fertile land for crops.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I antighi egiçi contavan in sce l'indondaçion stagionale caxonâ da-o sciumme Nilo, unna forma de dâ l'ægua inti campi, ch'a forniva do terren fecondo pe-e cortivaçioin.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Dree Festival of the Apatanis living in Lower Subansiri District of Arunachal Pradesh is celebrated every year from July 4 to 7 by praying for a bumper crop harvest.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O Dree Festival di Apaten, i abitanti da region do Basso Subansiri de l'Arunachal Pradesh, o ven çelebrou tutti i anni da-i 4 a-i 7 de luggio con de preghee pe unn'arrecuggeita feua do commun.