ConseggioLigure/seed-instruct-eng-lij huggingface dataset:
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Different countries use different nomenclature to describe the levels and can have different requirements for what can be done at each level.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Di paixi differenti an unna nomenclatua differente pe descrive i livello e peuan avei di requixii differenti pe quello che peu ëse fæto pe ciaschedun di livelli.
Translate to Ligurian:
For example, a crop not intended for food use is generally not reviewed by authorities responsible for food safety.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe dâ un exempio, unna cortua no destinâ à l’utilizzaçion alimentare pe commun a no ven examminâ da-e autoritæ ch’an a responsabilitæ da seguessa alimentare.
Translate to Ligurian:
Most countries that do not allow GMO cultivation do permit research using GMOs.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A ciù parte di paixi che no permettan a cortivaçion di OGM permettan a reçerca pe mezo di OGM.
Translate to Ligurian:
While only a few GMOs have been approved for cultivation in the EU a number of GMOs have been approved for import and processing.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Tanto che solo pöchi OGM en stæti approvæ pe-a cortivaçion inte l’UE, unna çerta quantitæ d’OGM a l’é tæta approvâ pe l’importaçion e a lavoraçion.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
The US policy does not focus on the process as much as other countries, looks at verifiable scientific risks and uses the concept of substantial equivalence.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A politica statunitense a no se conçentra in sciô proçesso tanto quante di atri paixi; a l’ammia a-i reiseghi scientifichi che se peuan verificâ e a deuvia o conçetto d’equivalensa sostançiale.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
One of the key issues concerning regulators is whether GM products should be labeled.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Uña de costion ciave ligæ a-i regolatoî a l’é se i produti GM devan ëse etichettæ.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
The dispute involves consumers, producers, biotechnology companies, governmental regulators, non-governmental organizations, and scientists.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A controversia a l’interessa i consummatoî, i produttoî, e açiende biotecnologiche, i regolatoî de governo, e organizzaçioin no governative e i sciensiæ.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Most concerns are around the health and environmental effects of GMOs.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A ciù parte de preoccupaçion a l’é ligâ a-i effetti di OGM in sciâ sanitæ e in sce l’ambiente.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
Nonetheless, members of the public are much less likely than scientists to perceive GM foods as safe.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
À tutti i mòddi, i membri do pubrico en ben ben meno propensi di sciensiæ à perçepî i alimenti GM comme segui.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Gene flow between GM crops and compatible plants, along with increased use of broad-spectrum herbicides, can increase the risk of herbicide resistant weed populations.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O flusso genico tra e cortue GM e e ciante compatibile, insemme à l’aumento de l’utilizzaçion de deserbanti à largo raggio, o peu accresce o reiego de popolaçion d’erbe gramme che rexistan a-i deserbanti.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
In order to address some of these concerns some GMOs have been developed with traits to help control their spread.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe affrontâ çerte de ste preoccupaçioin, çerti OGM en stæti sviluppæ con de caratteristiche ch’aggiuttan à controllâ a seu diffuxon.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Other environmental and agronomic concerns include a decrease in biodiversity, an increase in secondary pests (non-targeted pests) and evolution of resistant insect pests.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Çerte preoccupaçioin ligæ à l’ambiente e agronòmiche comprendan unna diminuçion da biodiverscitæ, un aumento di parasciti segondäi (parasciti no miræ) e l’evoluçion d’insetti rescistenti.
Translate to Genoese:
The impact of Bt crops on beneficial non-target organisms became a public issue after a 1999 paper suggested they could be toxic to monarch butterflies.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L’impatto de cortue Bt in scî organismi benefichi no bersalio o l’é vegnuo un problema pubrico dòppo che un articolo do 1999 o l’à suggerio che porrieivan ëse teusceghe pe-e parpagge monarca.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
With the ability to genetically engineer humans now possible there are ethical concerns over how far this technology should go, or if it should be used at all.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Co-a capaçitæ de modificâ geneticamente i òmmi pe mezo de l’inzegneria che gh’é oua, gh’é de preoccupaçioin etiche in sce quante lontan sta tecnologia a dovieiva anâ, ò s’a dovieiva vegnî deuviâ do tutto.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
October 2006 the rigor of the regulatory process, consolidation of control of the food supply in companies that make and sell GMOs, exaggeration of the benefits of genetic modification, or concerns over the use of herbicides with glyphosate.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Ottobre 2006 o rigô do proçesso de regolamentaçion, o consolidamento do contròllo da fornitua d’alimenti inte açiende che produxan e vendan di OGM, l’esageraçion di benefiçi da modifica genetica, ò e preoccupaçioin in sce l’utilizzaçion di deserbanti con glifosfato.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
GMOs arrived on the scene as the public confidence in food safety, attributed to recent food scares such as Bovine spongiform encephalopathy and other scandals involving government regulation of products in Europe, was low.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I OGM son intræ in zeugo quande a confiansa do pubrico inta seguessa alimentare, ch’a s’attribuisce a-i allarmi alimentari comme l l'encefalopatia spongiforme boviña e atri scandali ligæ a-a regolamentaçion governativa di produti in Euröpa, a l’ea bassa.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation, is the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L’inzegneria genetica, dita ascì modifica genetica ò manipolaçion genetica, a l’é a manipolaçion diretta di geni de un organismo pe mezo da biotecnologia.
Translate to Ligurian:
A construct is usually created and used to insert this DNA into the host organism.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe-o sòlito un costruto o ven creou e deuviou pe inserî sto DNA inte l’oganismo òspite.
Translate to Ligurian:
The new DNA can be inserted randomly, or targeted to a specific part of the genome.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O neuvo DNA o peu vegnî inserio con modalitæ random ò mirâ à unna parte determinâ do genöma.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Genetically modified food has been sold since 1994, with the release of the Flavr Savr tomato.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I alimenti geneticamente modificæ en vendui da-o 1994, co-o relascio da tomata Flavr Savr.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
In 2016 salmon modified with a growth hormone were sold.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Do 2016 l’é stæto venduo di sarmoin modificæ con un ormon da cresciansa.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
By knocking out genes responsible for certain conditions it is possible to create animal model organisms of human diseases.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Con l’eliminaçion di geni responsabili de çerte condiçioin l’é poscibile creâ di organismi animali modello de moutie de l’òmmo.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Gene flow, impact on non-target organisms, control of the food supply and intellectual property rights have also been raised as potential issues.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Anche o flusso genico, l’impatto in scî organismi no besalio, o contròllo da fornitua di alimenti e i driti de propietæ intellettuale en stæti avansæ comme problemi potensiali.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
This is much faster, can be used to insert any genes from any organism (even ones from different domains) and prevents other undesirable genes from also being added.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Questo o l’é ben ben ciù lesto, o peu vegnî deuviou pe inserî un gene chesesegge de un organismo chesesæ (anche quelli de dominni differenti) e o l’impedisce che vëgnan azzonto di geni no dexidiæ.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
Drugs, vaccines and other products have been harvested from organisms engineered to produce them.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Mëxiñe, vacciñe e atri produti en stæti recuggeiti da di organismi modificæ pe inzegneria pe produli.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Synthetic biology is an emerging discipline that takes genetic engineering a step further by introducing artificially synthesised material into an organism.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A biologia scintetica a l’é unna discipliña emerzente ch’a pòrta l’inzegneria genetica un passo avanti pe mezo de l’introduçion de materiale scintetizzou de foma artifiçiale inte un organismo.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
If genetic material from another species is added to the host, the resulting organism is called transgenic.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Se o materiale genetico de unn’atra speçie o ven azzonto à l’òspite, l’organismo ch’o ne scòrte o l’é dito transgenico.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
In 1973 Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen created the first transgenic organism by inserting antibiotic resistance genes into the plasmid of an Escherichia coli bacterium.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Do 1973 Herbert Boyer e Stanley Cohen an creou o primmo organismo transgenico pe mezo de geni de rescistensa antibiòtichi into plasmide de un battëio Escherichia coli.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
In 1976 Genentech, the first genetic engineering company, was founded by Herbert Boyer and Robert Swanson and a year later the company produced a human protein (somatostatin) in E.coli.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Do 1976 Genentech, a primma açienda d’inzegneria genetica, a l’é stæta fondâ da Herbert Boyer e Robert Swanson e un anno dòppo l’açienda a l’à produto unna proteiña umaña (somatostatiña) inte E.coli.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
The insulin produced by bacteria was approved for release by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1982.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L’insuliña produta da-i battëi a l’é stæta approvâ pe-o relascio da-a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) do 1982.
Translate to Genoese:
The People's Republic of China was the first country to commercialise transgenic plants, introducing a virus-resistant tobacco in 1992.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A Repubrica Popolare Cineise o l’é stæto o primmo paise à commercializzâ de ciante transgeniche, introduxendo un tabacco rescistente a-i virus do 1992.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
In 1995, Bt Potato was approved safe by the Environmental Protection Agency, after having been approved by the FDA, making it the first pesticide producing crop to be approved in the US.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Do 1995, a patatta Bt a l’é stæta approvâ comme segua da l’Agençia pe-a proteçion de l’abiente, dòppo ëse stæta approvâ da-a FDA, e coscì a l’é vegnua a primma cortua ch’a produxe di produti desenteganti stæta approvâ inti Stati Unii.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Genetic screens can be carried out to determine potential genes and further tests then used to identify the best candidates.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Di schermi genetichi peuan vegnî exeguii pe determinâ i geni potensiali e di atri test pe identificâ i megio candidæ.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
These segments can then be extracted through gel electrophoresis.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Dapeu sti segmenti peuan vegnî estræti pe mezo de l’elettroforexi in sce gel.
Translate from English to Genoese:
Once isolated the gene is ligated into a plasmid that is then inserted into a bacterium.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Unna vòtta ch’o l’é stæto isolou, o gene o ven ligou inte un plasmide che dapeu o ven inserio inte un battëio.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
These include a promoter and terminator region, which initiate and end transcription.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Questi comprendan un promotô e unna region de terminaçion, che comensan e finiscian a trasmiscion.
Translate from English to Genoese:
This ability can be induced in other bacteria via stress (e.g. thermal or electric shock), which increases the cell membrane's permeability to DNA; up-taken DNA can either integrate with the genome or exist as extrachromosomal DNA.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sta capaçitæ a peu vegnî induta inte di atri battëi pe mezo de un stress (comme un shock termico ò elettrico), ch’o l’accresce a permeabilitæ da membraña da çellola a-o DNA: o DNA asciorbio o peu integrâse co-o genöma ò existe comme DNA extracromosòmico.
Translate to Ligurian:
In plants the DNA is often inserted using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, taking advantage of the Agrobacteriums T-DNA sequence that allows natural insertion of genetic material into plant cells.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Inte ciante o DNA tante vòtte o ven inserio pe mezo da trasformaçion mediâ da Agrobacterium, deuviando a sequensa T-DNA de l’Agrobacterium ch’a permette d’inserî de forma naturale do materiale genetico inte çellole de ciante.
Translate to Genoese:
In plants this is accomplished through the use of tissue culture.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Inte ciante questo o ven realizzou pe mezo da cortua di tesciui.
Translate to Genoese:
Selectable markers are used to easily differentiate transformed from untransformed cells.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I marcatoî che se peuan seleçionâ en deuviæ pe differençiâ de lengê e çellole trasformæ da quelle no trasformæ.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
These tests can also confirm the chromosomal location and copy number of the inserted gene.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sti test peuan confermâ ascì a poxiçion cromosòmica e quantitæ de còpie do gene inserio.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
The new genetic material can be inserted randomly within the host genome or targeted to a specific location.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O neuvo materiale genetico o peu vegnî inserio à un mòddo random drento do genöma de l’òspite ì mirou verso unna poxiçion speçifica.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
TALEN and CRISPR are the two most commonly used and each has its own advantages.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
TALEN e CRISPR en doî tra quelli deuviæ ciù de frequente e ciaschedun o l’à i seu avvantaggi.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Most commercialised GMOs are insect resistant or herbicide tolerant crop plants.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A ciù parte di OGM missi in commercio en de ciantæ cortivæ rescistente a-i insetti ò tolleranti a-i deserbanti.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Mouse hybridomas, cells fused together to create monoclonal antibodies, have been adapted through genetic engineering to create human monoclonal antibodies.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I ibridömi de ratto, çellole azzonte l’uña con l’atra pe creâ di anticòrpi monoclonati, en stæti adattæ pe mezo de l’inzegneria genetica pe creâ di anticòrpi monoclonali de l’òmmo.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Genetic engineering is also used to create animal models of human diseases.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L’inzegneria genetica a l’é deuviâ ascì pe crâ di modelli animali de moutie de l’òmmo.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
Potential cures can be tested against these mouse models.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E cue poscibile peuan vegnî testæ in sce sti modelli de ratto.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
In 2015 a virus was used to insert a healthy gene into the skin cells of a boy suffering from a rare skin disease, epidermolysis bullosa, in order to grow, and then graft healthy skin onto 80 percent of the boy's body which was affected by the illness.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Do 2015 l’é stæto deuviou un virus pe inserî un gene san inte çellole da pelle de un figgeu con unna rara moutia da pelle, l’epidermolisi bollosa, pe fâ cresce e dapeu innestâ a pelle saña in sce l’80% do còrpo do figgeu ch’o l’aiva a moutia.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
There are also concerns that the technology could be used not just for treatment, but for enhancement, modification or alteration of a human beings' appearance, adaptability, intelligence, character or behavior.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Gh’é ascì de preoccupaçioin che a tecnologia pòsse vegnî deuviâ no solo che pe-o trattamente, ma pe megioâ, modificâ ò alterâ l’apparensa, l’adattabilitæ, l’intelligensa, o carattere ò o comportamento di òmmi.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Currently, germline modification is banned in 40 countries.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A-o momento a modifica da linia geminale a l’é vietâ inte 40 paixi.
Translate from English to Genoese:
Bacteria are cheap, easy to grow, clonal, multiply quickly, relatively easy to transform and can be stored at -80 °C almost indefinitely.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I battëi costan pöco, en façili da cortivâ, se peuan clonâ, se moltiplican a-a spedia, en relativamente façili da trasformâ e peuan vegnî conservæ à -80 °C pe un tempo squæxi indefinio.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
This could be the effect on the phenotype of the organism, where the gene is expressed or what other genes it interacts with.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Questo o porrieiva ëse l’effetto do fenotipo in sce l’organismo, donde o gene o l’é espresso ò con che atri geni o l’interagisce.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
In a simple knockout a copy of the desired gene has been altered to make it non-functional.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Inte un solo knockout unna còpia do gene dexidiou a l’é stæta alterâ rendilo no fonçionale.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
This allows the experimenter to analyse the defects caused by this mutation and thereby determine the role of particular genes.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Questo o permette a-o sperimentatô d’analizzâ i difetti provocæ da sta mutaçion e donca de determinâ o ròllo de geni determinæ.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
The simplest method, and the first to be used, is "alanine scanning", where every position in turn is mutated to the unreactive amino acid alanine.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O metodo ciù façile, e o primmo ch’o segge stæto deuviou, a l’é a «scanscion de l’alaniña», donde tutte e poxiçioin vëgnan mutæ à turno inte l’aminoaçido no reattivo alaniña.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
The process is much the same as that in knockout engineering, except that the construct is designed to increase the function of the gene, usually by providing extra copies of the gene or inducing synthesis of the protein more frequently.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O proçesso o s’assomeggia ben ben à quello de l’inzegneria knockout, feua che pe-o fæto che o costruto o l’é progettou pe accresce a fonçion do gene, pe-o sòlito co-o fornî de còpie extra do gene o ciù de frequente pe mezo de l’induçion da scintexi da proteiña.
Translate to Ligurian:
One way to do this is to replace the wild-type gene with a 'fusion' gene, which is a juxtaposition of the wild-type gene with a reporting element such as green fluorescent protein (GFP) that will allow easy visualisation of the products of the genetic modification.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Unna mainea pe fâlo a l’é de sostituî o gene wild-type con un gene de «fuxon», ch’a l’é unna giustappoxiçion do gene wild-type con un elemento de segnalaçion comme a proteiña fluorescente verde (GFP) ch’a permettià unna visualizzaçion façile di produti da deriva genetica.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Expression studies aim to discover where and when specific proteins are produced.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I studdi in sce l’esprescion an l’obiettivo de descrovî donde e quande ven produto de proteiñe speçifiche.
Translate to Genoese:
Some genes do not work well in bacteria, so yeast, insect cells or mammalians cells can also be used.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Çerti geni no fonçioñan ben inti battëi, donca se peu deuviâ ascì de çellole de levou, insetti ò mammiferi.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Certain genetically modified microbes can also be used in biomining and bioremediation, due to their ability to extract heavy metals from their environment and incorporate them into compounds that are more easily recoverable.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Çerti microbi geneticamente modificæ peuan vegnî deuviæ anche inta biolimitaçion e into bioresanamento, graçie a-a seu capaçitæ d’estrae di metalli pesanti da-o seu ambiente e incorporâli inte di compòsti ciù façili da recuperâ.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Fungal and virus resistant crops have also been developed or are in development.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L’é stæto ascì sviluppou, ò l’é apreuvo à vegnî sviluppou, de coltue che rexistan a-i fonzi e a-i virus.
Translate to Genoese:
In 2016 Salmon have been genetically modified with growth hormones to reach normal adult size much faster.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Do 2016 i sarmoin en stæti modificæ geneticamente con di ormoin da cresciansa pe razzonze ben ben ciù a-a spedia e dimenscioin normale di adulti.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
Soybeans and canola have been genetically modified to produce more healthy oils.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A söia e a còlsa en stæte modificæ geneticamente pe produe di eui ciù boin pe-a sanitæ.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Gene transfer through viral vectors has been proposed as a means of controlling invasive species as well as vaccinating threatened fauna from disease.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O trasferimento de geni atraverso de vettoî virali o l’é stæto propòsto comme mezo pe controllâ e speçie invasive e pe vaccinâ a fauna menassâ da-e moutie.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
Applications of genetic engineering in conservation are thus far mostly theoretical and have yet to be put into practice.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E applicaçioin de l’inzegneria genetica inta conservaçioin finoua en pe-o ciù teòriche e devan ancon vegnî messe inta prattica.
Translate to Genoese:
The Asilomar meeting recommended a set of voluntary guidelines regarding the use of recombinant technology.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A riunion d’Asilomar a l’à recommandou unna serie de linie guidda volontäie in sce l’utilizzaçion da tecnologia recombinante.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
Most countries that do not allow GMO cultivation do permit research.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A ciù parte di paixi che no permettan a cortivaçion d’OGM permettan de fâghe da reçerca.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Emily Marden, Risk and Regulation: U.S. Regulatory Policy on Genetically Modified Food and Agriculture, 44 B.C.L. Rev. 733 (2003) The European Union by contrast has possibly the most stringent GMO regulations in the world.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Emily Marden, Risk and Regulation: U.S. Regulatory Policy on Genetically Modified Food and Agriculture, 44 B.C.L. Rev. 733 (2003) L’Union Europea, in cangio, con tutta probabilitæ o l’à i regolamenti in scî OGM ciù severi do mondo
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
One of the key issues concerning regulators is whether GM products should be labeled.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Uña de costion ciave ligæ a-i regolatoî a l’é se i produti GM devan ëse etichettæ.