ConseggioLigure/seed-instruct-eng-lij huggingface dataset:
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
There is an active debate among biomedical researchers about the meaning and importance of race in their research.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Gh'é unna discuscion attiva tra i reçercatoî biomedichi in sciô scignificato e l'importansa da razza inta seu reçerca.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
They argue that overemphasizing genetic contributions to health disparities carries various risks such as reinforcing stereotypes, promoting racism or ignoring the contribution of non-genetic factors to health disparities.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sostëgnan che enfatizzâ tròppo i contributi genetichi a-e desparitæ de sanitæ o compòrta ciù reiseghi, comme quello de rinforsâ di stereòtipi, promeuve o razziximo ò no dâ a mente a-o contributo de fattoî no genetichi a-e desparitæ de sanitæ.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Many consider de facto racial profiling an example of institutional racism in law enforcement.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Tanti tëgnan de fæto a profilaçion de razza pe un exempio de razziximo instituçionale inte l'applicaçion da lezze.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
Mass incarceration is also, "the larger web of laws, rules, policies, and customs that control those labeled criminals both in and out of prison."
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A missa in prexon de massa a l'é anche «o ciù gran garbuggio de lezze, regole, politiche e usanse che contròllan chi l'é nominou comme criminale segge drento che feua da prexon».
Translate from English to Genoese:
Many research findings appear to agree that the impact of victim race in the IPV arrest decision might possibly include a racial bias in favor of white victims.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I exiti de tante reçerche pan concordâ che o peiso da razza da vittima inta deçixon d'arresto pe violensa in cà o porrieiva includde un pregiudiçio de razza ascì à avvantaggio de vittime gianche.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Some studies have reported that races can be identified with a high degree of accuracy using certain methods, such as that developed by Giles and Elliot.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Di studdi an reportou che e razze peuan ëse identificæ con un erto livello de preçixon addeuviando çerti metodi, comme pe exempio quello sviluppo da-o Giles e o Elliot.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
The study concluded that "The apportionment of genetic diversity in skin color is atypical, and cannot be used for purposes of classification."
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O studio o concluddeiva che «A distribuçion da diverscitæ genetica into cô da pelle a l'é atipica e a no peu ëse addeuviâ pe intençioin de clascificaçion».
Translate to Genoese:
Cultural anthropology is a branch of anthropology focused on the study of cultural variation among humans.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L'antropologia colturale a l'é un settô de l'antropologia inçentrou in sciô studio da variaçion colturale tra i umoen.
Translate from English to Genoese:
In addressing this question, ethnologists in the 19th century divided into two schools of thought.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Inte l'affrontâ sta costion, i etnòlogi do secolo XIX se spartivan inte doe scheue de pensceo.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
Morgan, like other 19th century social evolutionists, believed there was a more or less orderly progression from the primitive to the civilized.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O Morgan, comme di atri evoluçionisti soçiali do secolo XIX, o creddeiva che ghe fïse unna progrescion pöcassæ ordinâ da-o primitivo a-o çivilizzou.
Translate to Genoese:
Although 19th-century ethnologists saw "diffusion" and "independent invention" as mutually exclusive and competing theories, most ethnographers quickly reached a consensus that both processes occur, and that both can plausibly account for cross-cultural similarities.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sciben che i etnòlogi do secolo XIX tegnissan a «diffuxon» e l'«invençion independente» pe de teorie in concorrensa tra de loiatre, che se taggiavan feua uña con l'atra, i ciù tanti etnògrafi an concordou a-a spedia che tutti doî i proçesci avvëgnan e peuan realisticamente ascciæî e someggianse intercolturale.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Boas first articulated the idea in 1887: "...civilization is not something absolute, but ... is relative, and ... our ideas and conceptions are true only so far as our civilization goes."
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O Boas o l'à espresso l'idea pe-a primma vòtta do 1887: «...a çiviltæ a no l'é quarcösa d'assoluo, ma... a l'é relativa, e e nòstre idee e i nòstri conçetti son vëi solo into contesto da nòstra çiviltæ».
Translate to Ligurian:
Cultural relativism involves specific epistemological and methodological claims.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O relativiximo colturale o comprende de costioin epistemològiche e metodològiche particolæ.
Translate to Ligurian:
Cultural relativism was in part a response to Western ethnocentrism.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O relativiximo colturale o l'é stæto in parte unna respòsta à l'etnoçentriximo do Ponente.
Translate to Ligurian:
This understanding of culture confronts anthropologists with two problems: first, how to escape the unconscious bonds of one's own culture, which inevitably bias our perceptions of and reactions to the world, and second, how to make sense of an unfamiliar culture.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sta comprenscion da coltua a mette i antropòlogi davanti à doî problemi: in primmo leugo, comme scappâ da-i ligammi inconsci da seu coltua, che pe fòrsa condiçioñan e nòstre perçeçioin do mondo e e nòstre reaçioin à quello e, in segondo leugo, comme capî unna coltua desconosciua.
Translate to Ligurian:
His approach was empirical, skeptical of overgeneralizations, and eschewed attempts to establish universal laws.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O seu critëio o l'ea empirico, scettico à peto de sorvia-generalizzaçioin, e o scappava da tentativi de stabilî de lezze universale.
Translate to Ligurian:
He believed that each culture has to be studied in its particularity, and argued that cross-cultural generalizations, like those made in the natural sciences, were not possible.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O pensava che tutte e coltue vaggan studiæ inta seu particolaritæ, e o sostegniva che e generalizzaçioin intercolturale, comme quelle fæte inte sciense da natua, no fïsan poscibile.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
His first generation of students included Alfred Kroeber, Robert Lowie, Edward Sapir, and Ruth Benedict, who each produced richly detailed studies of indigenous North American cultures.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A primma generaçion di seu studenti a comprendeiva o Alfred Kroeber, o Robert Lowie, o Edward Sapir e a Ruth Benedict, ciaschedun di quæ o l'à produto di studdi ben ben into menuo de coltue indigene nordamericañe.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
The publication of Alfred Kroeber's textbook Anthropology (1923) marked a turning point in American anthropology.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A pubricaçion do libbro de testo do Alfred Kroeber, Anthropology (1923), o l'à segnou un momento critico inte l'antropologia americaña.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Influenced by psychoanalytic psychologists including Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung, these authors sought to understand the way that individual personalities were shaped by the wider cultural and social forces in which they grew up.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sotta l'influensa de pscicòlogi pscicanalisti, compreiso o Sigmund Freud e o Carl Jung, sti autoî çercavan de capî a mainea comme e personalitæ individuale vegnissan formæ da-e ciù larghe forse soçiale e colturale donde cresceivan.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Economic anthropology as influenced by Karl Polanyi and practiced by Marshall Sahlins and George Dalton challenged standard neoclassical economics to take account of cultural and social factors, and employed Marxian analysis into anthropological study.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L'antropologia econòmica, sotta l'influensa do Karl Polanyi e pratticâ da-o Marshall Sahlins e o George Salton, a l'à desfiou l'economia neoclascica standard à tegnî conto di fattoî soçiali e colturali, e a l'à addeuviou l'analixi marxiaña into studio antropològico.
Translate to Genoese:
In keeping with the times, much of anthropology became politicized through the Algerian War of Independence and opposition to the Vietnam War; Marxism became an increasingly popular theoretical approach in the discipline.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
In scintonia co-i tempi, ben ben de l'antropologia a s'é politiçizzâ pe mezo da guæra d'independensa argeriña e l'oppoxiçion a-a guæra do Vietnam; o marxiximo o l'é vegnuo un critëio teòrico sempre ciù in veuga inta discipliña.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
These interpretations must then be reflected back to its originators, and its adequacy as a translation fine-tuned in a repeated way, a process called the hermeneutic circle.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
De interpretaçioin pæge devan ëse donca spedie torna a-i seu artefiçi, e a seu correspondensa comme traduçion missa a-o ponto ciù e ciù vòtte, un proçesso dito gio ermeneutico.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
David Schnieder's cultural analysis of American kinship has proven equally influential.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L'analixi colturale do David Schnieder do pæntou american o s'é mostrou influente o mæximo.
Translate to Genoese:
The method originated in the field research of social anthropologists, especially Bronislaw Malinowski in Britain, the students of Franz Boas in the United States, and in the later urban research of the Chicago School of Sociology.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O metodo o l'à avuo origine da-a reçerca in sciô campo de antropòlogi soçiali, sorviatutto o Bronislaw Malinowski in Gran Bretagna, di studenti do Franz Boas inti Stati Uniti, e da-a reçerca urbaña della Chicago School of Sociology vengnua apreuvo.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
To establish connections that will eventually lead to a better understanding of the cultural context of a situation, an anthropologist must be open to becoming part of the group, and willing to develop meaningful relationships with its members.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe stabilî i ligammi che portian in sciâ fin à unna megio comprenscione do contesto colturale de unna sictuaçion, un antropòlogo o dev'ëse pronto à vegnî unna parte do gruppo, e dispòsto a sviluppâ di rappòrti scignificativi co-i seu membri.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Before participant observation can begin, an anthropologist must choose both a location and a focus of study.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Avanti che l'osservaçion di parteçipanti a pòsse comensâ, un antropòlogo o l'à da çerne tanto un scito comme un focus de studio.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
This allows the anthropologist to become better established in the community.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Questo o consente à l'antropòlogo de stabilîse megio inta communitæ.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
The majority of participant observation is based on conversation.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O ciù de l'osservaçion di parteçipanti o se basa in sciâ conversaçion.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
In some cases, ethnographers also turn to structured observation, in which an anthropologist's observations are directed by a specific set of questions he or she is trying to answer.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Inti çerti caxi, i etnògrafi se son vortæ anche à l'osservaçion strutturâ, inta quæ e osservaçioin di un antropòlogo son guiddæ da unna fia speçifica de domande che lê o preuva ò a preuva à respondighe.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
This helps to standardize the method of study when ethnographic data is being compared across several groups or is needed to fulfill a specific purpose, such as research for a governmental policy decision.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Questo o l'aggiutta à standardizzâ o metodo de studio quande i dæti etnografichi vëgnan confrontæ tra tanti gruppi o son domandæ pe arrivâ à unn'intençion particolâ, comme pe exempio unna reçerca pe unna deçixon politica governativa.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Who the ethnographer is has a lot to do with what he or she will eventually write about a culture, because each researcher is influenced by his or her own perspective.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L'identitæ dell'etnògrafo a l'à ben ben da fâ con quello che dapeu o scrivià in sce unna coltua, perché ògni reçercatô o l'é condiçionou da-o seu ponto de vista.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
An ethnography is a piece of writing about a people, at a particular place and time.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Unn'etnografia a l'é un testo scrito in sce un pòpolo, inte un çerto scito e tempo.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
A typical ethnography will also include information about physical geography, climate and habitat.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Unn'etnografia tipica a comprendià de informaçioin in sciâ geografia fixica ascì, in sciô clima e in sce l'habitat.
Translate from English to Genoese:
Boas' students such as Alfred L. Kroeber, Ruth Benedict and Margaret Mead drew on his conception of culture and cultural relativism to develop cultural anthropology in the United States.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I studenti do Boas, comme o Alfred L. Kroeber, a Ruth Benedict e a Margaret Mead, an pescou da-a seu conçeçion de coltua e de relativiximo colturale pe sviluppâ l'antropologia colturale inti Stati Unii.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Today socio-cultural anthropologists attend to all these elements.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Ancheu i antropòloghi soçiocolturali dan a mente à tutti sti elementi.
Translate to Genoese:
American "cultural anthropologists" focused on the ways people expressed their view of themselves and their world, especially in symbolic forms, such as art and myths.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I «antropòlogi colturali» americhen se son conçentræ in scê mainee che e persoñe esprimman a seu vixon de loiatre mæxime e do seu mondo, sorviatutto in forme scimbòliche, comme l'arte e i miti.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
Monogamy, for example, is frequently touted as a universal human trait, yet comparative study shows that it is not.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A monogamia, pe exempio, a ven spacciâ de spesso comme un træto uman universale, però di studdi comparativi mostran ch'a no l'é coscì.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Through this methodology, greater insight can be gained when examining the impact of world-systems on local and global communities.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe mezo de questa metodologia, l'é poscibile ottegnî unna vixon ciù approfondia quande s'examiña o peiso di scistemi mondiali in scê communitæ locale e globale.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
For example, a multi-sited ethnography may follow a "thing," such as a particular commodity, as it is transported through the networks of global capitalism.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe exempio, unn'etnografia moltiscituâ a peu anâ apreuvo à unna «cösa», comme unna particolâ mercançia, tanto ch'a vëgne trasportâ pe-e ræ do capitaliximo globale.
Translate from English to Genoese:
An example of multi-sited ethnography is Nancy Scheper-Hughes' work on the international black market for the trade of human organs.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Un exempio de etnografia moltiscituâ a l'é o travaggio da Nancy Scheper-Hughes in sciô mercou neigro internaçionale pe-o commercio d'òrgani umoen.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Research in kinship studies often crosses over into different anthropological subfields including medical, feminist, and public anthropology.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A reçerca inti studdi in sciô pæntou de spesso a s'incroxa con ciù sottocampi antropològichi, compreiso l'antropologia medica, femminista e pubrica.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
That is the matrix into which human children are born in the great majority of cases, and their first words are often kinship terms.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Quella a l'é a reixe inta quæ nasce i piccin umoen inti ciù tanti caxi, e e seu primme poule son de spesso di termini relativi a-o pæntou.
Translate from English to Genoese:
There are stark differences between communities in terms of marital practice and value, leaving much room for anthropological fieldwork.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Existe de fòrte differense tra e communitæ in termini de varsciua e prattica do matrimònio, lasciando ben ben do spaçio pe-o lou antropològico in sciô campo.
Translate from English to Genoese:
The marital practice found in most cultures, however, is monogamy, where one woman is married to one man.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Con tutto, a prattica do matrimònio attrovâ into ciù de coltue a l'é la monogamia, donde unna donna a l'é maiâ con un òmmo.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
There are similar foundational differences where the act of procreation is concerned.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Existe de differense de base pöcassæ pæge donde l'é comportou l'atto da procreaçion.
Translate to Ligurian:
The shift can be traced back to the 1960s, with the reassessment of kinship's basic principles offered by Edmund Leach, Rodney Neeham, David Schneider, and others.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O cangiamento o se peu fâ vegnî da-i anni '60, co-a revista di prinçippi de base do pæntou offerta da-o Edmund Leach, o Rodney Neeham, o David Schneider e di atri.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
This shift was progressed further by the emergence of second-wave feminism in the early 1970s, which introduced ideas of marital oppression, sexual autonomy, and domestic subordination.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sto cangiamento chì o l'é stæto portou avanti ancon de ciù da-o comparî do femminiximo da segonda ondâ inti primmi anni '70, ch'o l'à introduto e idee de opprescion matrimoniale, autonomia sessuale e subordinaçion domestega.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
At this time, there was the arrival of "Third World feminism", a movement that argued kinship studies could not examine the gender relations of developing countries in isolation, and must pay respect to racial and economic nuance as well.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
À sto ponto, gh'é stæto l'arrivo do «femminiximo do Terso Mondo», un movimento ch'o sostegniva che i studdi in sciô pæntou no poeivan examinâ un pe un i rappòrti de genere di paixi apreuvo à sviluppâse, e che aivan da reconosce do respetto a-e variante economiche e de razza ascì.
Translate to Genoese:
In Jamaica, marriage as an institution is often substituted for a series of partners, as poor women cannot rely on regular financial contributions in a climate of economic instability.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
In Giamaica, o maiezzo comme instituçion o l'é sostituio de spesso con unna riga de compagni, perché e dònne pövie no peuan fâ confiansa in sce di contributi finançiäi regolari inte un ambiente d'instabilitæ econòmica.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
With this technology, questions of kinship have emerged over the difference between biological and genetic relatedness, as gestational surrogates can provide a biological environment for the embryo while the genetic ties remain with a third party.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Con questa tecnologia, e costioin de pæntou son vegnue feua in sciâ differensa tra pæntou genetico e biològico, za che i surrogæ gestaçionali peuan fornî un ambiente biològico pe l'embrion, incangio o ligammo genetico o l'arresta con unna tersa parte.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
There have also been issues of reproductive tourism and bodily commodification, as individuals seek economic security through hormonal stimulation and egg harvesting, which are potentially harmful procedures.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Gh'é stæto anche di problemi de turiximo reproduttivo e de merçificaçion do còrpo, perché i individui çercan a seguessa econòmica pe mezo da stimolaçion ormonale e o prelevâ di òvoli, de proçedue in potensa arresegæ.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
One critique is that, as its inception, the framework of kinship studies was far too structured and formulaic, relying on dense language and stringent rules.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Unna critica a l'é che, à l'incomenso, o scistema di studdi in sciô pæntou o l'aiva tròppo de struttua e stereòtipi, basou in sce un linguaggio spesso e de regole streite.
Translate to Ligurian:
Much of this development can be attributed to the rise in anthropologists working outside of academia and the increasing importance of globalization in both institutions and the field of anthropology.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Ben ben de sto sviluppo o peu ëse attribuio à l'aumento di archeòlogi che louavan de feua da l'ambiente academico e a-a crescente importansa da globalizzaçion segge inte instituçioin che into campo de l'antropologia.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
The two types of institutions defined in the field of anthropology are total institutions and social institutions.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I doî tipi d'instituçioin definii into campo de l'antropologia son e instituçioin totale e e instituçioin soçiale.
Translate to Ligurian:
Anthropology of institutions may analyze labor unions, businesses ranging from small enterprises to corporations, government, medical organizations, education, prisons, and financial institutions.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L'antropologia de instituçioin a peu analizzâ di scindicati de louanti, de açiende che van da-e impreise picciñe a-e grende, de organizzaçioin sanitäie, governative, da scheua, de prexoin e de instituçioin finançiäie.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
Institutional anthropologists may study the relationship between organizations or between an organization and other parts of society.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I antropòlogi instituçionali peuan studiâ o rappòrti tra e organizzçioin ò tra unn'organizzaçion e atre parte da soçietæ.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
More specifically, anthropologists may analyze specific events within an institution, perform semiotic investigations, or analyze the mechanisms by which knowledge and culture are organized and dispersed.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Ciù in particolâ, i antropòlogi peuan analizzâ di eventi speçifichi de drento à unn'instituçion, effettuâ de investigaçioin semiòtiche ò analizzâ i meccaniximi in base a-i quæ a conoscensa e a coltua son organizzæ e svogæ.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
This new era would involve many new technological developments, such as mechanical recording.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sto neuvo periodo o l'avieiva piggiou tanti neuvi sviluppi tecnològichi, comme a registraçion mecanica.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Current Anthropology 43(Supplement):S5-17.Schieffelin, Bambi B. 2006.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Current Anthropology 43 (Supplemento):S5-17.Schieffelin, Bambi B. 2006.