ConseggioLigure/seed-instruct-eng-lij huggingface dataset:
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Some genes do not assort independently, demonstrating genetic linkage, a topic discussed later in this article.)
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Çerti geni no s’assortiscian de forma independente, demostrando o linkage genetico, un argomento do quæ se parla ciù avanti inte sto mæximo articolo).
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Another gene, however, controls whether the flowers have color at all or are white.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Un atro gene, incangio, o contròlla se e scioî an do cô ò se en gianche.
Translate to Genoese:
Many traits are not discrete features (e.g. purple or white flowers) but are instead continuous features (e.g. human height and skin color).
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Tanti tratti en de caratteristiche discrete (comme de scioî cô de viovetta ò donca gianche), ma en de caratteristiche continue (comme l’ertessa ò o cô da pelle de unna persoña).
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
The degree to which an organism's genes contribute to a complex trait is called heritability.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O graddo donde i geni de un organismo contribuiscian à un tratto complesso o piggia o nomme d’ereditarietæ.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
DNA is composed of a chain of nucleotides, of which there are four types: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T).
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O DNA o l’é compòsto da unna cadeña de nucleotidi, di quæ n’existe quattro qualitæ: adediña (A), citosiña (C), guaniña (G) e timiña (T).
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
This structure of DNA is the physical basis for inheritance: DNA replication duplicates the genetic information by splitting the strands and using each strand as a template for synthesis of a new partner strand.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sta struttua do DNA a l’é a base fixica de l’ereditarietæ: a replicaçion do DNA a duplica l’informaçion genetica pe mezo da divixon di fî e de l’azzonta de tutti i fî comme modello pe-a scintexi de un neuvo fî partner.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
These DNA strands are often extremely long; the largest human chromosome, for example, is about 247 million base pairs in length.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
De spesso ste strinche de DNA en estremamente longhe; o ciu grande cromosöma de l’òmmo, pe fâ un exempio, o l’à unna longhixe de 247 mioin de pâ de base pöcassæ.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
DNA is most often found in the nucleus of cells, but Ruth Sager helped in the discovery of nonchromosomal genes found outside of the nucleus.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E ciù tante vòtte o DNA o s’attreuva into nucleo de çellole, ma Ruth Sager o l’à contribuio a-a descoverta de geni no cromosòmichi che s’attreuvan feua da-o nucleo.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
In humans and many other animals, the Y chromosome contains the gene that triggers the development of the specifically male characteristics.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Inte l’òmmo e inte tanti atri animæ, o cromosöma Y o contëgne o gene ch’o pròvoca o sviluppo de caratteristiche speçificamente mascoliñe.
Translate from English to Genoese:
This process, called mitosis, is the simplest form of reproduction and is the basis for asexual reproduction.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sto proçesso, ciammou mitoxi, a l’é a forma ciù sencia de reproduçion e a l’é a base da reproduçion asessuâ.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Eukaryotic organisms often use sexual reproduction to generate offspring that contain a mixture of genetic material inherited from two different parents.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
De spesso i organismi eucariöti deuvian a reproduçion sessuale pe generâ di figgi che contëgnan unna mescciua de materiale genetico ereditou da doî genitoî despægi.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
Some bacteria can undergo conjugation, transferring a small circular piece of DNA to another bacterium.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Çerti battëi peuan patî a coniugaçion, trasferendo un tocchettin riondo de DNA à un atro battëio.
Translate to Genoese:
In this way new combinations of genes can occur in the offspring of a mating pair.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
À sta mainea de neuve combinaçioin de geni peuan verificâse inti figgi de unna cobbia d’accobbiamenti.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
During crossover, chromosomes exchange stretches of DNA, effectively shuffling the gene alleles between the chromosomes.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Durante o crossover, i cromosömi se scangian di tratti do DNA e remescian in effetti i alleli do gene ta i cromosömi.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
The first cytological demonstration of crossing over was performed by Harriet Creighton and Barbara McClintock in 1931.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A primma demostraçion citològica do crossing a l’é stæta fæta da Harriet Creighton e Barbara McClintock do 1931.
Translate from English to Genoese:
For an arbitrarily long distance, the probability of crossover is high enough that the inheritance of the genes is effectively uncorrelated.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe unna distansa arbiträiamente longa, a probabiitæ de un crossover a l’é erta tanto ch’abbasta pe fâ de mòddo che l’ereditæ di geni a no segge correlâ.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
The specific sequence of amino acids results in a unique three-dimensional structure for that protein, and the three-dimensional structures of proteins are related to their functions.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A sequensa speçifica d’aminoaçidi a resulta inte unna struttua tridimenscionale unica pe quella proteiña, e e struttue tridimenscionale de proteiñe en ligæ a-e seu fonçioin.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
Protein structure is dynamic; the protein hemoglobin bends into slightly different forms as it facilitates the capture, transport, and release of oxygen molecules within mammalian blood.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A struttua de proteiñe a l’é dinamica; a prescioña emoglobiña a se ceiga inte de forme un pittin despæge mentre a façilita a cattua, o traspòrto e o relascio de molecole d’oscigeno into sangue di mammiferi.
Translate to Genoese:
For example, sickle-cell anemia is a human genetic disease that results from a single base difference within the coding region for the β-globin section of hemoglobin, causing a single amino acid change that changes hemoglobin's physical properties.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Comme exempio, l’anemia fäçiforme a l’é unna moutia genetica de l’òmmo ch’a resulta da unna differensa de unna base scingola drendo da region codificante pe-a seçion β-globiña de l’emoglobiña, provocando un scingolo cangio d’aminoaçido ch’o cangia e propietæ fixiche de l’emoglobiña.
Translate from English to Genoese:
Some DNA sequences are transcribed into RNA but are not translated into protein products—such RNA molecules are called non-coding RNA.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Çerte sequense de DNA vëgnan trascrite in RNA, ma no vëgnan tradue inte di produti de proteiñe; ste molecole de RNA en ciammæ RNA no codificante.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
An interesting example is the coat coloration of the Siamese cat.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Un exempio interessante o l’é o cô do mantello do gatto siameise.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
But these dark hair-producing proteins are sensitive to temperature (i.e. have a mutation causing temperature-sensitivity) and denature in higher-temperature environments, failing to produce dark-hair pigment in areas where the cat has a higher body temperature.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Ma ste proteiñe che produxan do pei scuo en senscibile a-a temperatua (ò sæ ch’an unna mutaçion ch’a pròvoca senscibilitæ a-a temperatua) e se desnatuan inte di ambienti con de temperatue ciù erte, sensa che pòssan produe do pigmento de pei scuo inte zöne donde o gatto o l’à unna temperatua corpòrea ciù erta.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, knowledge of Greek conceptions of the world deteriorated in Western Europe during the early centuries (400 to 1000 CE) of the Middle Ages, but was preserved in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Dòppo a cheita de l'Impëio Roman de Ponente, a conoscensa de conçeçioin greghe do mondo a l'é pezoâ in Euröpa de Ponente inti primmi secoli (da-o 400 a-o 1000 d.C.) de l'Etæ de mezo, ma a l'é stæta avvardâ into mondo mossulman inte l'Etæ d'öo mossulmaña.
Translate to Genoese:
New knowledge in science is advanced by research from scientists who are motivated by curiosity about the world and a desire to solve problems.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E neuve conoscense scientifiche van avanti graçie a-e reçerche de sciensiæ sponciæ da-a coixitæ pe-o mondo e da-o dexidëio de destrigâ i problemi.
Translate to Genoese:
In particular, it was the type of knowledge that people can communicate to each other and share.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
In particolâ, o l'ea o tipo de conoscensa che e persoñe se peuan dî un con l'atro e scompartî.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
However, no consistent conscious distinction was made between knowledge of such things, which are true in every community, and other types of communal knowledge, such as mythologies and legal systems.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Con tutto, no s'é fæto nisciuña distinçion consciente coerente tra a conoscensa de sti elementi, che son vëi inte tutte e communitæ, e di atri tipi de conoscensa commun, comme e mitologie e i scistemi giuridichi.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
They even developed an official calendar that contained twelve months, thirty days each, and five days at the end of the year.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
An sviluppou fiña un lunäio offiçiale ch'o contegniva dozze meixi, ognidun de trenta giorni, e çinque giorni in sciâ fin de l'anno.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
For this reason, it is claimed these men were the first philosophers in the strict sense, and also the first people to clearly distinguish "nature" and "convention."
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe sta raxon s'afferma che sti òmmi seggian stæti i primmi filòsofi in senso streito, e ascì i primmi à distingue ciæo «natua» e «convençion».
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
In contrast, trying to use knowledge of nature to imitate nature (artifice or technology, Greek technē) was seen by classical scientists as a more appropriate interest for artisans of lower social class.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe contra, o tentativo d'addeuviâ a conoscensa da natua pe imitâ a natua (artifiçio ò tecnologia, technē in grego) o l'ea tegnuo da-i sciensiæ clascichi pe un interesse ciù bon pe-i artexen da classe soçiale ciù bassa.
Translate to Ligurian:
The theory of atoms was developed by the Greek philosopher Leucippus and his student Democritus.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A teoria di atomi a l'é stæta sviluppâ da-o filòsofo grego Leucippo e da-o seu scolao Demòcrito.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
The Socratic method as documented by Plato's dialogues is a dialectic method of hypothesis elimination: better hypotheses are found by steadily identifying and eliminating those that lead to contradictions.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O metodo socratico, comme documentou da-i dialoghi do Platon, o l'é un metodo dialettico d'eliminaçion de ipòtexi: e ipòtexi megio se treuvan con identificâ e levâ da mezo delongo quelle che pòrtan à de contradiçioin.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Socrates criticized the older type of study of physics as too purely speculative and lacking in self-criticism.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O Sòcrate o l'à criticou o vegio tipo de studio da fixica comme tròppo sccettamente speculativo e sensa autocritica.
Translate to Ligurian:
Aristotle later created a systematic programme of teleological philosophy: Motion and change is described as the actualization of potentials already in things, according to what types of things they are.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O Aristòtele dapeu o l'à creou un programma scistematico de filosofia tecnologia: o movimento e o cangiamento son descriti comme l'attuaçion de potençiali za presenti inte cöse, in base a-a qualitæ de cöse.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
The Socratics also insisted that philosophy should be used to consider the practical question of the best way to live for a human being (a study Aristotle divided into ethics and political philosophy).
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I socratichi inscisteivan ascì in sciô fæto che a filosofia a se dovesse deuviâ pe consciderâ a costion prattica da mainea megio de vive pe un uman (un studio che o Aristòtele o l'à spartio inte etica e filosofia politica).
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Aristarchus's model was widely rejected because it was believed to violate the laws of physics.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O modello do Aristarco o l'é stæto refuou largamente perché se pensava ch'o rompisse e lezze da fixica.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
John Philoponus, a Byzantine scholar in the 500s, questioned Aristotle's teaching of physics, noting its flaws.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O Gioan Filòpono, un studioso bizantin do 500, o l'à misso in dubio l'insegnamento da fixica do Aristòtele, con nottâne e magagne.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Aristotle's four causes prescribed that the question "why" should be answered in four ways in order to explain things scientifically.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E quattro caxoin do Aristòtele stabilivan che a domanda «perché» a dovesse ëse destrigâ inte quattro mainee pe poei ascciæî e cöse scientificamente.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
However, Aristotle's original texts were eventually lost in Western Europe, and only one text by Plato was widely known, the Timaeus, which was the only Platonic dialogue, and one of the few original works of classical natural philosophy, available to Latin readers in the early Middle Ages.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Però, i testi originali do Aristòtele in sciâ fin son anæti persi in Euröpa de Ponente e solo che un testo do Platon o l'ea largamente conosciuo, o Timeo, ch'o l'é stæto l'unico dialogo platònico e un di pöchi travaggi originali da filosofia natuarale clascica à dispoxiçion di lettoî latin à l'incomenso de l'Etæ de mezo.
Translate to Genoese:
Many Syriac translations were done by groups such as the Nestorians and Monophysites.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Tante traduçioin sciriache son stæte fæte da di gruppi comme i Nestorien e i Monofixiti.
Translate from English to Genoese:
p. 465: "only when the influence of ibn al-Haytam and others on the mainstream of later medieval physical writings has been seriously investigated can Schramm's claim that ibn al-Haytam was the true founder of modern physics be evaluated."
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
p. 465: «solo quande l'influensa do ibn al-Haytam e di atri in sciâ corrente prinçipâ di scriti de fixica da tarda Etæ de mezo a l'é stæta analizzâ pe da bon, se peu consciderâ l'affermaçion do Schramm pe-a quæ o ibn al-Haytam o l'é stæto o veo fondatô da fixica moderna».
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Avicenna's canon is considered to be one of the most important publications in medicine and they both contributed significantly to the practice of experimental medicine, using clinical trials and experiments to back their claims.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O canone do Avicenna o l'é tegnuo pe uña de pubricaçioin ciù importante in mëxiña e tutti doî an contribuio de mainea importante a-a prattica de mëxiña sperimentale, con deuviâ di studdi clinichi e di esperimenti pe sostegnî e seu affermaçioin.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
In addition, classical Greek texts started to be translated from Arabic and Greek into Latin, giving a higher level of scientific discussion in Western Europe.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe de ciù, i testi greghi clascichi an comensou à ëse traduti da l'arabo e da-o grego in latin, permettendo un livello ciù erto de discuscion scientifica in Euröpa de Ponente.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Manuscript copies of Alhazen's Book of Optics also propagated across Europe before 1240, as evidenced by its incorporation into Vitello's Perspectiva.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Anche e còpie scrite à man do Libbro de l'òttica do Alhazen s'en spantegæ inte tutta l'Euröpa avanti do 1240, comme mostra a seu azzonta inta Perspectiva do Vitello.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
The influx of ancient texts caused the Renaissance of the 12th century and the flourishing of a synthesis of Catholicism and Aristotelianism known as Scholasticism in western Europe, which became a new geographic center of science.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L'intrâ de testi antighi a l'à dæto vitta a-o Renascion do secolo XII e a-o scioî de unna scintexi de catoliçeximo e aristoteliximo conosciuo comme Scolastica in Euröpa de Ponente, ch'o l'é vegnuo un neuvo çentro geografico da sciensa.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
A model of vision later known as perspectivism was exploited and studied by the artists of the Renaissance.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Un modello de vixon conosciuo dapeu comme prospettiviximo o l'é stæto sfrutou e studio da-i artisti da Renascion.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
This was based on a theorem that the orbital periods of the planets are longer as their orbs are farther from the centre of motion, which he found not to agree with Ptolemy's model.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sto chì o se basava in sce un teorema segondo o quæ i periodi orbitali di pianeti son ciù longhi perché e seu sfere son ciù lontañe da-o çentro de movimento, cösa ch'o l'à nottou ch'a no correspondeiva a-o modello do Tolomeo.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
He found that all the light from a single point of the scene was imaged at a single point at the back of the glass sphere.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O l'à descoverto che tutta a luxe ch'a ne vegniva da un solo ponto da scena a vegniva reproduta inte un unico ponto in sciô derê da sfera de veddro.
Translate from English to Genoese:
Kepler did not reject Aristotelian metaphysics and described his work as a search for the Harmony of the Spheres.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O Keplero o no l'à refuou a metafixica aristotelica e o l'à descrito o seu travaggio comme unna çerchia de l'armonia de sfere.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Galileo had used arguments from the Pope and put them in the voice of the simpleton in the work "Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems", which greatly offended Urban VIII.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O Galileo o l'aiva addeuviou i argomenti do Pappa e o î aiva espressi co-a figua do bonellan into travaggio «Dialogo in scî doî mascimi scistemi do mondo», cösa ch'a l'à offeiso ben ben o Urban VIII.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Descartes emphasized individual thought and argued that mathematics rather than geometry should be used in order to study nature.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O Cartesio o l'à enfatizzou o pensceo individuale e o l'à sostegnuo che pe studiâ a natua se dovieiva addeuviâ a matematica ciufito che a geometria.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
This new science began to see itself as describing "laws of nature".
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sta neuva sciensa a l'à comensou a tegnîse pe unna descriçion de «lezze da natua».
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
In the style of Francis Bacon, Leibniz assumed that different types of things all work according to the same general laws of nature, with no special formal or final causes for each type of thing.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Into stilo do Francis Bacon, o Leibniz o l'à ipotizzou che di tipi differenti de cöse fonçioñan tutti segondo e mæxime lezze generale da natua, sensa de caxoin formale ò finale particolæ pe ògni tipo de cösa.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Another important development was the popularization of science among an increasingly literate population.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Un atro sviluppo importante o l'é stæto a svogâ da sciensa tramezo à unna popolaçion sempre ciù arfabetizzâ.
Translate to Ligurian:
Hume and other Scottish Enlightenment thinkers developed a "science of man", which was expressed historically in works by authors including James Burnett, Adam Ferguson, John Millar and William Robertson, all of whom merged a scientific study of how humans behaved in ancient and primitive cultures with a strong awareness of the determining forces of modernity.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O Hume e di atri pensatoî inluministi scosseixi an sviluppou unna «sciensa de l'òmmo», espressa storicamente inte di travaggi d'autoî tra i quæ o James Burnett, o Adam Ferguson, o John Millar e o William Robertson, ch'an unio tutti un studio scientifico in sciâ mainea che i umoen se comportavan inte de coltue antighe e primitive con unna fòrte consciensa de fòrse determinante da modernitæ.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
Separately, Gregor Mendel presented his paper, "Versuche über Pflanzenhybriden" ("Experiments on Plant Hybridization"), in 1865, which outlined the principles of biological inheritance, serving as the basis for modern genetics.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe conto seu, o Gregor Mendel do 1865 o l'à presentou o seu travaggio, «Versuche über Pflanzenhybriden» («Esperimenti in sce l'ibridaçion de ciante»), ch'o l'à disegnou i prinçippi de l'ereditarietæ biològica che fan da base pe-a genetica moderna.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
The phenomena that would allow the deconstruction of the atom were discovered in the last decade of the 19th century: the discovery of X-rays inspired the discovery of radioactivity.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I fenòmeni ch’avievian permisso a deconstruçion de l'atomo son stæti descoverti inti urtimi dex’anni do secolo XIX: a descoverta di raggi X a l’à inspirou a descoverta da radioattivitæ.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
In addition, the extensive use of technological innovation stimulated by the wars of this century led to revolutions in transportation (automobiles and aircraft), the development of ICBMs, a space race, and a nuclear arms race.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe de ciù, l'uso esteiso de l'innovaçion tecnològica sponciâ da-e guære de sto secolo a l'à caxonou de revoluçioin inti traspòrti (machine e airoplani), o sviluppo de miscili balistichi intercontinentali, unna corsa a-o spaçio e unna corsa a-i armamenti nucleari.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
The discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation in 1964 led to a rejection of the Steady State theory of the universe in favor of the Big Bang theory of Georges Lemaître.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Do 1964 a descoverta da radiaçion còsmica de fondo à microonde a l'à portou à un refuo da teoria da condiçion staçionäia de l'universo à avvantaggio da teoria do Big Bang do Gerges Lemaître.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Widespread use of integrated circuits in the last quarter of the 20th century combined with communications satellites led to a revolution in information technology and the rise of the global internet and mobile computing, including smartphones.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L'uso commun de çircuiti integræ inte l'urtimo quarto do secolo XX, combinou co-i satelliti pe-e communicaçioin, o l'à portou à unna revoluçion inta tecnologia informatica e à l'espanscion de l'Internet globale e do mobile computing, compreiso i smartphone.