ConseggioLigure/seed-instruct-eng-lij huggingface dataset:
Translate from English to Genoese:
A holiday is a day set aside by custom or by law on which normal activities, especially business or work including school, are suspended or reduced.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Un giorno festivo o l'é un giorno definio in base a-e costummanse ò a-a lezze che e attivitæ commun, in particolâ quelle de travaggio e de commercio, compreiso a scheua, son sospeise ò redute.
Translate to Genoese:
The degree to which normal activities are reduced by a holiday may depend on local laws, customs, the type of job held or personal choices.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A mesua co-a quæ unna festivitæ a reduxe e attivitæ commun a peu depende da-e lezze locale, da-e tradiçioin, da-a qualitæ do travaggio fæto ò da-e deçixoin personale.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
In most modern societies, however, holidays serve as much of a recreational function as any other weekend days or activities.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Però, inte ciù tante soçietæ moderne e festivitæ an unna fonçion de resciöo tanto comme quæ se segge atro giorno ò attivitæ da fin da settemaña.
Translate to Ligurian:
In some cases, a holiday may only be nominally observed.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Inte çerti caxi, peu ëse che unna festivitæ a vëgne osservâ solo de nomme.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
The modern use varies geographically.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L'uso moderno o cangia co-a geografia.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
For example, Monkey Day is celebrated on December 14, International Talk Like a Pirate Day is observed on September 19, and Blasphemy Day is held on September 30.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe exempio, a-i 14 de dexembre se festezza a giornâ da scimia, a-i 19 de settembre se festezza a giornâ internaçionale Parla comme un corsâ e a-i 30 settembre a giornâ da blasfemia.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Jehovah's Witnesses annually commemorate "The Memorial of Jesus Christ's Death", but do not celebrate other holidays with any religious significance such as Easter, Christmas or New Year's.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I Testimònni de Geova tutti i anni çelebran «A Commemoraçion da mòrte de Gexù Cristo», ma no çelebran de atre festivitæ con scignificato religioso comme Pasqua, Dënâ ò o Primmo de l'anno.
Translate to Genoese:
Ahmadi Muslims additionally celebrate Promised Messiah Day, Promised Reformer Day, and Khilafat Day, but contrary to popular belief, neither are regarded as holidays.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe zonta, i mosulmoen ahmadi çelebran o Giorno do Mescia Promisso, o Giorno do Reformatô Promisso e o Giorno do Khilafat, ma a-a reversa de quello che se pensa nisciun de sti chì o l'é tegnuo pe unna festivitæ.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
Celtic, Norse, and Neopagan holidays follow the order of the Wheel of the Year.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E festivitæ çeltiche, nòrdiche e neopagañe van apreuvo à l'ordine da Reua de l'Anno.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
Researchers in bioarchaeology combine the skill sets of human osteology, paleopathology, and archaeology, and often consider the cultural and mortuary context of the remains.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I reçercatoî in bioarcheologia combiñan l'insemme de competense de l'osteologia umaña, da paleopatologia e de l'archeologia e de sovente piggian in conscideraçion o contesto colturale e funeräio di resti.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
Evolutionary psychology is the study of psychological structures from a modern evolutionary perspective.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A psciologia evoluçionistica a l'é o studio de struttue pscicològiche con una prospettiva evolutiva moderna.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
Human behavioral ecology is the study of behavioral adaptations (foraging, reproduction, ontogeny) from the evolutionary and ecologic perspectives (see behavioral ecology).
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L'ecologia comportamentale umaña a l'é o studio di adattamenti comportamentali (çerchia de mangiâ, reproduçion, ontogenexi) da-o ponto de vista evolutivo e ecològico (ammia ecologia comportamentale).
Translate to Genoese:
Paleoanthropology is the study of fossil evidence for human evolution, mainly using remains from extinct hominin and other primate species to determine the morphological and behavioral changes in the human lineage, as well as the environment in which human evolution occurred.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A paleoantropologia a l'é o studio de testimonianse fòscile de l'evoluçion umaña, ch'o l'addeuvia pe-o ciù di resti d'ominidi estinti e d'atre speçie de primati pe stabilî i cangiamenti morfològichi e comportamentali da smersa umaña, ma ascì l'ambiente donde l'evoluçion umaña a l'é avvenuga.
Translate from English to Genoese:
The name is even relatively new, having been 'physical anthropology' for over a century, with some practitioners still applying that term.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O nomme ascì o l'é relativamente neuvo, dòppo ëse stæto «antropologia fixica» pe un secolo e passa, termine ancon deuviou da çerti speçialisti.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
Some editors, see below, have rooted the field even deeper than formal science.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Gh'é de quelli studioxi ch'an pòsto e origine do campo anche ciù in profonditæ che a sciensa formale (ammia ciù avanti).
Translate from English to Ligurian:
This became the main system through which scholars thought about nature for the next roughly 2,000 years.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sto chì o l'é vegnuo o prinçipâ scistema che in sciâ seu base i studioxi se son appensæ in sciâ natua pe pöcassæ 2000 anni.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
He also wrote about physiognomy, an idea derived from writings in the Hippocratic Corpus.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O l'à dæto a mente ascì a-a fixognòmica, unn'idea vegnua da-i scriti do Corpus Hippocraticum.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
In the 19th century, French physical anthropologists, led by Paul Broca (1824-1880), focused on craniometry while the German tradition, led by Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902), emphasized the influence of environment and disease upon the human body.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Into secolo XIX, i antropòloghi fixichi franseixi, guiddæ da-o Paul Broca (1824-1880), se son conçentræ in sciâ craniometria, incangio a tradiçion todesca, commandâ da-o Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902) a l'à evidençiou l'influensa de l'ambiente e de moutie in sciô còrpo uman.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
He changed the focus from racial typology to concentrate upon the study of human evolution, moving away from classification towards evolutionary process.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O l'à levou l'attençion da-a tipologia de razza pe conçentrâse in sciô studio de l'evoluçion umaña, con abandonâ a clascificaçion pe mesciâse verso o proçesso evolutivo.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
A race is a grouping of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into categories generally viewed as distinct by society.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Unna razza a l'é un gruppo d'umoen in sciâ base de qualitæ fixiche e soçiale scompartie in categorie pe commun tegnue pe destaccæ da-a soçietæ.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Modern science regards race as a social construct, an identity which is assigned based on rules made by society.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A sciensa moderna a tëgne a razza pe unna construçion soçiale, unn'identitæ assegnâ in sciâ base de regole stabilie da-a soçietæ.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Still others argue that, among humans, race has no taxonomic significance because all living humans belong to the same subspecies, Homo sapiens sapiens.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Ancon di atri afferman che, tra i umoen, a razza a no l'à nisciun scignificato tascionòmico perché tutti i umoen viventi appartëgnan a-a mæxima sottospeçie, Homo sapiens sapiens.
Translate to Ligurian:
In South Africa, the Population Registration Act, 1950 recognized only White, Black, and Coloured, with Indians added later.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
In Sudafrica, a lezze in sciâ registraçion da popolaçion do 1950 a reconosceiva solo gianchi, möi e de cô, incangio i indien son stæti azzonti ciù avanti.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
The United States Census Bureau proposed but then withdrew plans to add a new category to classify Middle Eastern and North African peoples in the U.S. Census 2020, over a dispute over whether this classification should be considered a white ethnicity or a separate race.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L'offiçio do çenscimento di Stati Unii o l'à proposto, e dapeu o l'à retiou, di cen pe azzonze unna neuva categoria pe clascificâ i pòpoli do Levante de Mezo e do Nòrd Africa into çenscimento di Stati Unii do 2020, apreuvo à unna discuscion o in sciô fæto che sta clascificaçion a dovesse ëse tegnua pe unn'etnia gianca ò unna razza à parte.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
According to geneticist David Reich, "while race may be a social construct, differences in genetic ancestry that happen to correlate to many of today's racial constructs are real."
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
À dita do genetista David Reich, «ben che a razza a peu ëse unna construçion soçiale, incangio e differense inta discendensa genetica che son accobiæ a tante de construçioin de razza d'ancheu son vëi».
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Other dimensions of racial groupings include shared history, traditions, and language.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Tra e atre dimenscioin di gruppi de razza l'é compreiso a stöia, e tradiçioin e a lengua scompartie.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Socioeconomic factors, in combination with early but enduring views of race, have led to considerable suffering within disadvantaged racial groups.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I fattoî sòLioeconomichi, accobiæ à de opinioin antighe ma de longa duâ in sciâ razza, an caxonou un gran patî drento di gruppi de razza desvantaggiæ.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Racism has led to many instances of tragedy, including slavery and genocide.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O razziximo o l'à caxonou tragedie infinie, tra e quæ a scciavitù e o genocidio.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Because in some societies racial groupings correspond closely with patterns of social stratification, for social scientists studying social inequality, race can be a significant variable.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Dæto che inte çerte soçietæ i gruppi de razza spegian pægio pægio i modelli de stratificaçion soçiale, a razza a peu ëse unna variabile scignificativa pe-i sciensiæ soçiali che studian a desparitæ soçiale.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
For example, in 2008, John Hartigan, Jr. argued for a view of race that focused primarily on culture, but which does not ignore the potential relevance of biology or genetics.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Do 2008, pe exempio, o John Hartigan Jr. o s'é misso in riga pe unna vixon da razza inçentrâ sorviatutto unna coltua, che però a no lascia perde a potençiale importansa da biologia ò da genetica.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
In this way the idea of race as we understand it today came about during the historical process of exploration and conquest which brought Europeans into contact with groups from different continents, and of the ideology of classification and typology found in the natural sciences.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Coscì l'idea de razza comm'a l'é inteisa ancheu a l'é nasciua co-o proçesso stòrico d'esploraçion e conquista ch'o l'à misso i europëi in contatto con di gruppi de continenti despægi e l'ideologia de clascificaçion e tipologia presente inte sciense naturale.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
A set of folk beliefs took hold that linked inherited physical differences between groups to inherited intellectual, behavioral, and moral qualities.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
S'é affermou un insemme de convinçioin popolare che ligavan e differense fixiche ereditæ tra i gruppi à de qualitæ d'intelletto, comportamento e morale ereditæ.
Translate from English to Genoese:
The 1735 classification of Carl Linnaeus, inventor of zoological taxonomy, divided the human species Homo sapiens into continental varieties of europaeus, asiaticus, americanus, and afer, each associated with a different humour: sanguine, melancholic, choleric, and phlegmatic, respectively.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A clascificaçion do 1735 do Carlo Linneo, inventô da tascionomia zoològica, a spartiva a speçie umaña Homo sapiens inte varietæ continentale de europaeus, asiaticus, americanus e afer, ciascheduña inte l'ordine accobiâ à un umô differente: regaggio, ammagonou, rouso e paxe.
Translate to Genoese:
Blumenbach also noted the graded transition in appearances from one group to adjacent groups and suggested that "one variety of mankind does so sensibly pass into the other, that you cannot mark out the limits between them".
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O Blumenbach o l'à nottou ascì o passaggio de maniman a-o pai da un gruppo a-i gruppi attaccæ e o l'à propòsto che «unna varietæ da smersa umaña a passa mai tanto senscibilmente inte l'atra che no l'é poscibile definî i limiti tra de loiatre».
Translate from English to Ligurian:
It was further argued that some groups may be the result of mixture between formerly distinct populations, but that careful study could distinguish the ancestral races that had combined to produce admixed groups.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
S'é affermou ancon che çerti gruppi porrieivan ëse l'exito de unna mescciua tra de popolaçion in passou destaccæ, ma che un studio fæto con cua o l'arriëscieiva à distingue e razze antighe che s'ean combinæ pe produe i gruppi mescci.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
Studies of human genetic variation show that human populations are not geographically isolated, and their genetic differences are far smaller than those among comparable subspecies.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Da-i studdi in sciâ variaçion genetica umaña vëgne feua che e popolaçioin umañe no son isoæ da-o ponto de vista geografico e e seu differense genetiche son ben ben ciù pöche che quelle tra de sottospeçie someggiante.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Andreasen cited tree diagrams of relative genetic distances among populations published by Luigi Cavalli-Sforza as the basis for a phylogenetic tree of human races (p. 661).
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O Andreasen o minsoña i diagrammi à erbo de distanse genetiche relative tra e popolaçioin pubricæ da-o Luigi Cavalli-Sforza comme base pe un erbo filogenetico de razze umañe (p. 661).
Translate to Genoese:
Marks, Templeton, and Cavalli-Sforza all conclude that genetics does not provide evidence of human races.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O Marks, o Templeton e o Cavalli-Sforsa arrivan tutti a-a concluxon che a genetica a no fornisce de preuve de razze umañe.
Translate to Ligurian:
He further argued that one could use the term race if one distinguished between "race differences" and "the race concept".
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe de ciù o l'à sostegnuo che se peu deuviâ o termine razza se se distingue tra «differense de razza» e «conçetto de razza».
Translate from English to Ligurian:
In short, Livingstone and Dobzhansky agree that there are genetic differences among human beings; they also agree that the use of the race concept to classify people, and how the race concept is used, is a matter of social convention.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
À dîla curta, o Livingstone e o Dobzhansky concòrdan in sciô fæto ch'existe de differense genetiche tra i umoen; ne convëgnan ascì che l'uso do conçetto de razza pe clascificâ e persoñe e a mainea comme ven deuviou o conçetto de razza a l'é unna costion de convençioin soçiale.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
As the anthropologists Leonard Lieberman and Fatimah Linda Jackson observed, "Discordant patterns of heterogeneity falsify any description of a population as if it were genotypically or even phenotypically homogeneous".
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Comme l'é stæto osservou da-i antropòlogi Leonard Liebermean e Fatimah Linda Jackson, «Di modelli discòrdi d'eterogeneitæ rendan fäsa quæ se segge descriçion de unna popolaçion comme s'à fïse genotipicamente ò sciña fenotipicamente omogenea».
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
The mid-20th-century anthropologist William C. Boyd defined race as: "A population which differs significantly from other populations in regard to the frequency of one or more of the genes it possesses.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L'antropòlogo da meitæ do secolo XX William C. Boyd o l'à definio a razza comme: «Unna popolaçion ch'a se differençia do bello da-e atre popolaçioin in relaçion a-a frequensa de un ò ciù geni ch'a gh'à».
Translate to Genoese:
Moreover, the anthropologist Stephen Molnar has suggested that the discordance of clines inevitably results in a multiplication of races that renders the concept itself useless.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
In azzonta, l'antropòlogo Stephen Molnar o l'à propòsto che a discordansa di clini a genera pe fòrsa unna moltiplicaçion de razze ch'a rende inutile o mæximo conçetto.
Translate from English to Genoese:
Joanna Mountain and Neil Risch cautioned that while genetic clusters may one day be shown to correspond to phenotypic variations between groups, such assumptions were premature as the relationship between genes and complex traits remains poorly understood.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A Joanna Mountain e o Neil Risch an segnalou che, ascì che un giorno se porrieiva mostrâ che i cluster genetichi correspondan à de variaçioin fenotipiche tra i gruppi, de ipòtexi pæge ean tempoie perché a relaçion tra geni e træti complesci a l'arresta pöco ciæa.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Any category you come up with is going to be imperfect, but that doesn't preclude you from using it or the fact that it has utility.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Quæsesegge categoria a-a quæ se pensa a saià imperfetta, ma sto chì o no n'impedisce l'addeuviâla ò o fæto ch'a pòsse servî.
Translate to Ligurian:
This assumed three population groups separated by large geographic ranges (European, African and East Asian).
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Questo o presopponeiva trei gruppi de popolaçion spartii da gren zöne geografiche (europëi, africhen e do Levante asiatico).
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
Anthropologists such as C. Loring Brace, the philosophers Jonathan Kaplan and Rasmus Winther, and the geneticist Joseph Graves, have argued that while there it is certainly possible to find biological and genetic variation that corresponds roughly to the groupings normally defined as "continental races", this is true for almost all geographically distinct populations.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Di antropòlogi comme o C. Loring Brace, i filòsofi Jonathan Kaplan e Rasmus Winther e o genetista Joseph Graves an affermou che se se peu attrovâ de seguo de variaçioin biològiche e genetiche che correspondan da-o ciù a-o meno a-i gruppi definii de nòrma «razze continentale», sto chì o l'é veo pe squæxi tutte e popolaçioin geograficamente distinte.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Weiss and Fullerton have noted that if one sampled only Icelanders, Mayans and Maoris, three distinct clusters would form and all other populations could be described as being clinally composed of admixtures of Maori, Icelandic and Mayan genetic materials.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O Weiss e Fullerton an osservou che se se campionesse solo di islandeixi, maya e maori, se formieiva trei gruppi distinti e tutte e atre popolaçioin porrieivan ëse descrite comme clinalmente compòste da de mescciue de materiali genetichi maori, islandeixi e maya.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Moreover, the genomic data underdetermines whether one wishes to see subdivisions (i.e., splitters) or a continuum (i.e., lumpers).
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Tra l'atro, i dæti genòmichi determinan se se veu vedde de suddivixoin (ò sæ splitter) ò unna continuitæ (ò sæ lumper).
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Alongside empirical and conceptual problems with "race", following the Second World War, evolutionary and social scientists were acutely aware of how beliefs about race had been used to justify discrimination, apartheid, slavery, and genocide.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A-o de là di problemi empirichi e de conçetto co-a «razza», dòppo a segonda guæra do mondo i sciensiati evoluçionisti e soçiali aivan a ciæa consciensa da mainea che e convinçioin in sciâ razza fïsan stæte addeuviæ pe giustificâ a discriminaçion, l'apartheid, a scciavitù e o genoçidio.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Craig Venter and Francis Collins of the National Institute of Health jointly made the announcement of the mapping of the human genome in 2000.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Do 2000 o Craig Venter e o Francis Collins do National Institute of Health an annonçiou insemme a mappatua do genöma uman.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
It's not a scientific one.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O no l'é scientifico.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
Anthropologist Stephan Palmié has argued that race "is not a thing but a social relation"; or, in the words of Katya Gibel Mevorach, "a metonym", "a human invention whose criteria for differentiation are neither universal nor fixed but have always been used to manage difference."
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L'antropòlogo Stephan Palmié o l'à sostegnuo che a razza «a no l'é atro che unna relaçion soçiale»; ò ascì, segondo e poule da Katya Gibel Mevorach, «unna metonomia», «unn'invençion umaña che i seu critëi de differençiaçion no son ni universali ni fisci ma son stæti delongo addeuviæ pe gestî a differensa».
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
There, racial identity was not governed by rigid descent rule, such as the one-drop rule, as it was in the United States.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L'identitæ de razza lì a no l'ea determinâ da unna regola reddena de discendensa, pe exempio a regola da stissa unica, comme avvegniva inti Stati Unii.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc, 1984.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc, 1984.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
In European context, historical resonance of "race" underscores its problematic nature.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Into contesto europeo, o reciòcco stòrico de «razza» o ne mette in luxe i problemi.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
The concept of racial origin relies on the notion that human beings can be separated into biologically distinct "races", an idea generally rejected by the scientific community.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O conçetto d'origine de razza o se basa in sciâ noçion che i umoen peuan ëse spartii inte «razze» biologicamente distinte, unn'idea refuâ à reo da-a communitæ scientifica.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
In the United States most people who self-identify as African American have some European ancestors, while many people who identify as European American have some African or Amerindian ancestors.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Inti Stati Unii e ciù tante persoñe che s'identifican comme afroamericañe an di antighi europëi, incangio tante persoñe che s'identifican comme europee americañe an di antighi africhen ò amerindi.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
The criteria for membership in these races diverged in the late 19th century.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I critëi pe l'appartenensa à ste razze en cangiæ in sciâ fin do secolo XIX.