ConseggioLigure/seed-instruct-eng-lij huggingface dataset:
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
This was studied by Jacob L. Moreno.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Questo o l'é stæto oggetto di studdi do Jacob L. Moreno.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Sociobiology is a field of biology that aims to examine and explain social behavior in terms of evolution.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A soçiobiologia a l'é un campo da biologia ch'o tia à examinâ e ascciæî o comportamento soçiale in termini d'evoluçion.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
Sociobiology investigates social behaviors such as mating patterns, territorial fights, pack hunting, and the hive society of social insects.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A soçiobiologia a studia i comportamenti soçiali comme i modelli d'accobiamento, e lòtte pe-o territöio, a caccia a-a streuppa e a soçietæ do boggio di insetti soçiali.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
It predicts that animals will act in ways that have proven to be evolutionarily successful over time.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A prevedde che e bestie se comportian inte de mainee che into tempo se son mostræ de boña reisa da-o ponto de vista evolutivo.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Behavior is therefore seen as an effort to preserve one's genes in the population.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O comportamento o ven visto donca comme un sfòrso pe avvardâ i seu geni inta popolaçion.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
Altmann developed his own brand of sociobiology to study the social behavior of rhesus macaques, using statistics, and was hired as a "sociobiologist" at the Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center in 1965.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O Altmann o l'à sviluppou o seu marco de sòçiobiologia pe studiâ o comportamento soçiale di macacchi rhesus, deuviando e statistiche, e o l'é stæto assonto comme «sòçiobiòlogo» a-o Çentro de reçerca regionale in scî primati de Yerkes do 1965.
Translate to Genoese:
Once a specialist term, "sociobiology" became widely known in 1975 when Wilson published his book Sociobiology: The New Synthesis, which sparked an intense controversy.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O termine «sòçiobiologia», un tempo speçialistico, o l'é vegnuo largamente conosciuo do 1975 quande o Wilson o l'à pubricou o seu libbro Sociobiology: The New Synthesis, ch'o l'à descadenou unna discuscion açeisa.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Edward H. Hagen writes in The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology that sociobiology is, despite the public controversy regarding the applications to humans, "one of the scientific triumphs of the twentieth century".
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Inte The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology, o Edward H. Hagen o scrive che a sòçiobiologia a l'é, con tutta a contestaçion pubrica in scê applicaçioin a-i umoen, «un di trionfi scientifichi do secolo XX».
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Therefore, these traits were probably "adaptive" in the environment in which the species evolved.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
De conseguensa, sti træti probabilmente ean «adattivi» inte l'ambiente donde a speçie a s'é evolua.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
Thus, they are often interested in instinctive, or intuitive behavior, and in explaining the similarities, rather than the differences, between cultures.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe questo, son de spesso interessæ a-o comportamento instintivo ò intuitivo e à l'esplicaçion de someggianse, ciufito che de differense, tra e coltue.
Translate to Ligurian:
This parental protection would increase in frequency in the population.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sta proteçion da genitoî a montava de frequensa inta popolaçion.
Translate to Ligurian:
E.O. Wilson argued that evolution may also act upon groups.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O E.O. Wilson o l'à sostegnuo che l'evoluçion a peu agî anche in scî gruppi.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
If altruism is genetically determined, then altruistic individuals must reproduce their own altruistic genetic traits for altruism to survive, but when altruists lavish their resources on non-altruists at the expense of their own kind, the altruists tend to die out and the others tend to increase.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Se l'altruiximo o l'é determinou geneticamente, i individui altruisti an da reprodue i seu træti genetichi altruistichi perché l'atruiximo o scampe, ma quande i altruisti dan e seu resorse a-i no altruisti à despeto da seu mæxima speçie, i altruiti tendan à scomparî e i atri tendan à cresce.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Within sociobiology, a social behavior is first explained as a sociobiological hypothesis by finding an evolutionarily stable strategy that matches the observed behavior.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Inte l'ambito da sòçiobiologia, un comportamento soçiale o vëgne mostrou primma de tutto comme unn'ipòtexi sòçiobiològica attrovando unna strategia evolutivamente stabile ch'a corresponde a-o comportamento osservou.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Altruism between social insects and littermates has been explained in such a way.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L'atruiximo tra insetti soçiali e membri da mæximâ niâ o l'é stæto ascciæio de sta mainea.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
In general, females with more bearing opportunities may value offspring less, and may also arrange bearing opportunities to maximize the food and protection from mates.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
À reo, e femine con ciù poscibilitæ de fâ di figgi peuan astimmâ ciù pöco a progenie e peuan organizzâ ascì de occaxoin de procreaçion pe ottimizzâ o mangiâ e a proteçion da parte di compagni.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Studies of human behavior genetics have generally found behavioral traits such as creativity, extroversion, aggressiveness, and IQ have high heritability.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I studdi in sciâ genetica do comportamento uman an nottou pe commun che di træti de comportamento comme creativitæ, estroverscion, aggrescivitæ e QI an unn'ereditabilitæ erta.
Translate to Genoese:
Thus, when FEV is genetically deleted from the mouse genome, male mice will instantly attack other males, whereas their wild-type counterparts take significantly longer to initiate violent behaviour.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
De conseguensa, quande o FEV o vëgne levou da mezo geneticamente da-o genöma do ratto, i ratti mascci attacchian de botto di atri mascci, incangio pe-e controparte de qualitæ sarvæga ghe veu ben ben ciù do tempo pe açende un comportamento violento.
Translate to Ligurian:
Wilson has claimed that he had never meant to imply what ought to be, only what is the case.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O Wilson o l'à affermou de no avei mai vosciuo implicâ quello ch'o dovieiva ëse, ma solo quello ch'o l'é de fæto.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
If the business acquires debts, the creditors can go after the owner's personal possessions.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Se l'attivitæ commerciale a fa di poffi, i creditoî peuan pontâ a-i ben personali do propietäio.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
The term is also often used colloquially (but not by lawyers or by public officials) to refer to a company.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O termine o ven deuviou de spesso de mainea informale (ma no da di avvocati ò fonçionäi pubrichi) pe fâ referimento à unn'açienda.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
A privately owned, for-profit corporation is owned by its shareholders, who elect a board of directors to direct the corporation and hire its managerial staff.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Unna soçietæ à fin de guägno de propietæ privâ a l'é de propietæ di seu açionisti, che elezzan un conseggio d'amministraçion pe commandâ a soçietæ e assumme o personale de commando.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
A cooperative differs from a corporation in that it has members, not shareholders, and they share decision-making authority.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Unna cooperativa a differisce da unna soçietæ perché a l'à di membri, no açionisti, che scompartiscian l'autoritæ de deçixoin.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Limited liability companies (LLC), limited liability partnerships, and other specific types of business organization protect their owners or shareholders from business failure by doing business under a separate legal entity with certain legal protections.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E soçietæ a responsabilitæ limitâ, e soçietæ de persoñe à responsabilitæ limitâ e di atri tipi particolæ d'organizzaçioin de commercio protezan i propietäi ò i açionisti da-o fallimento portando avanti i dafæ pe mezo de unn'entitæ giuridica destaccâ con de proteçioin legale preçise.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
The members guarantee the payment of certain (usually nominal) amounts if the company goes into insolvent liquidation, but otherwise, they have no economic rights in relation to the company.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I sòçi garantiscian o pagamento de çerte varsciue (pe sòlito nominale) in caxo de liquidaçion pe insolvensa da soçietæ, ma no an de driti econòmichi in relaçion a-a soçietæ.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
This type of company may no longer be formed in the UK, although provisions still exist in law for them to exist.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sto tipo de soçietæ o no peu ciù ëse formou into Regno Unio, sciben che l'existe ancon de dispoxiçioin de lezze che ne permettan l'existensa.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Note that "Ltd after the company's name signifies limited company, and PLC (public limited company) indicates that its shares are widely held."
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Che se fasse caxo che «Ltd dòppo o nomme o l'indica unna soçietæ a responsabilitæ limitâ e PLC (soçietæ pe açioin) o l'indica che e seu açioin son detegnue largamente».
Translate to Genoese:
In a company limited by guarantee, this will be the guarantors.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Inte unna soçietæ à responsabilitæ limitâ da garançia, sti chì saian i garanti.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
Private companies do not have publicly traded shares, and often contain restrictions on transfers of shares.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E soçietæ privæ no an de açioin stimmæ in borsa e de spesso contëgnan de restriçioin in scî trasferimenti de açioin.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Entertainment companies and mass media agencies generate profits primarily from the sale of intellectual property.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E soçietæ de demoa e e agençie de mass-media generan di guägni sorviatutto da-a vendia de propietæ intellettuale.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
They include tangible goods such as cars, buses, medical devices, glass, or aircraft.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Comprendan di ben concreti comme machine, autobi, appægi medichi, veddro ò airoplani.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
Most stores and catalog companies are distributors or retailers.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E ciù tante buteghe e soçietæ de cataloghi son di distributoî ò revenditoî.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
They make their profits by selling goods and services that are sports related.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Fan di guägni vendendo di ben e di serviçi ligæ a-o spòrt.
Translate from English to Genoese:
Owners may manage their businesses themselves, or employ managers to do so for them.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I propietäi peuan gestî in autonomia e attivitæ ò assumme di cappi che ô fassan pe loiatri.
Translate from English to Genoese:
Business process management (BPM) is a holistic management approach focused on aligning all aspects of an organization with the wants and needs of clients.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A gestion di proçesci de açidende (Business process management, BPM) o l'é un critëio de gestion olistico inçentrou in sce l'allineamento de tutte e parte de unn'organizzaçion co-i dexidëi e e exigense de cazañe.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
Many businesses are operated through a separate entity such as a corporation or a partnership (either formed with or without limited liability).
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Tante attivitæ son gestie pe mezo de unn'entitæ à parte comme unna soçietæ ò unna compagnia (formâ con ò sensa responsabilitæ limitâ).
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
Generally speaking, shareholders in a corporation, limited partners in a limited partnership, and members in a limited liability company are shielded from personal liability for the debts and obligations of the entity, which is legally treated as a separate "person".
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe commun, i açionisti de unna soçietæ, i sòçi accommandanti inte unna soçietæ in accommandia e i membri de unna soçietæ à responsabilitæ limitâ son avvardæ da-a responsabilitæ personale pe-i debiti e i òbrighi de l'entitæ, ch'a l'é trattâ giuridicamente comme unna «persoña» à parte.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
The terms of a partnership are partly governed by a partnership agreement if one is created, and partly by the law of the jurisdiction where the partnership is located.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I termini de unna compagnia son regolamentæ in parte da un accòrdo de compagnia, se ne vëgne fæto un, e in parte da-a lezze da giurisdiçion donde a compagnia a l'à a rescidensa.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
In some tax systems, this can give rise to so-called double taxation, because first the corporation pays tax on the profit, and then when the corporation distributes its profits to its owners, individuals have to include dividends in their income when they complete their personal tax returns, at which point a second layer of income tax is imposed.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Inte çerti scistemi fiscali, questo o peu generâ a coscì dita doggia impoxiçion, perché primma a soçietæ a paga e tasce in sciô guægno e dapeu, quande a soçietæ a distribuisce i guägni a-i propietäi, i individui devan includde i dividendi into seu reddito quande compiscian a deciaraçion di redditi personale e inte quello momento vëgne impòsto un segondo livello de tascia in sciô reddito.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
"Going public" through a process known as an initial public offering (IPO) means that part of the business will be owned by members of the public.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
«Vegnî pubrica» pe mezo de un proçesso conosciuo comme offerta pubrica de prinçipio (Initial Public Offering, IPO) veu dî che unna parte de l'açienda a saià de propietæ de membri do pubrico.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
The Code of Hammurabi dates back to about 1772 BC for example and contains provisions that relate, among other matters, to shipping costs and dealings between merchants and brokers.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O Còdixe de Hammurabi, pe exempio, o ne ven pöcassæ da-o 1772 a.C. e o contëgne de dispoxiçion ch'an da fâ, tra l'atro, co-e speise de spediçioin e e trattative tra mercanti e sensæ.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
Local jurisdictions may also require special licenses and taxes just to operate a business.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E giurisdiçioin do pòsto peuan voei ascì de tasce e permissi particolæ solo che pe gestî unn'açienda.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Most countries with capital markets have at least one.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I ciù tanti paixi con di mercoei di capitali a ghe n'à a-o manco uña.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
Other western nations have comparable regulatory bodies.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
De atre naçioin do Ponente an di òrgani de regolamentaçion pöcassæ pægi.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
The proliferation and increasing complexity of the laws governing business have forced increasing specialization in corporate law.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A proliferaçion e a complescitæ sempre ciù grande de lezze che regolan i dafæ an impòsto unna speçializzaçion sempre ciù grande do drito soçietäio.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
Most businesses have names, logos, and similar branding techniques that could benefit from trademarking.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E ciù tante açiende an di nommi, marchi e tecniche de marchi someggianti che peuan piggiâ avvantaggio da-a registraçion di marchi.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Economics is the social science that studies how people interact with value; in particular, the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L'economia a l'é a sciensa soçiale ch'a studia a mainea che e persoñe interagiscian co-a varsciua e in particolâ a produçion, a distribuçion e o consummo de ben e serviçi.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
He affirmed that previous economists have usually centred their studies on the analysis of wealth: how wealth is created (production), distributed, and consumed; and how wealth can grow.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O l'à affermou che i economisti passæ pe sòlito an inçentrou i seu studdi in sce l'analixi da ricchessa: comm'a vëgne creâ (produçion), distribuia e consummâ, e ascì comm'a peu cresce.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
If the war is not winnable or if the expected costs outweigh the benefits, the deciding actors (assuming they are rational) may never go to war (a decision) but rather explore other alternatives.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Se a guæra a no peu ëse guägna ò se i costi previsti passan e rendie, i attoî ch'an da piggiâ a deçixon (supponendo che seggian raçionali) porrieivan no anâ mai in guæra (unna deçixon), ma ciufito attastâ de atre poscibilitæ.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Economic precepts occur throughout the writings of the Boeotian poet Hesiod and several economic historians have described Hesiod himself as the "first economist".
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
De regole econòmiche s'attreuvan inte tutti i scriti do poeta beöta Exiodo e tanti stòrichi economichi an descrito o mæximo Exiodo comme o «primmo economista».
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Two groups, who later were called "mercantilists" and "physiocrats", more directly influenced the subsequent development of the subject.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Doî gruppi, che dapeu gh'an dito «mercantilisti» e «fixocratichi» an influensou de mainea ciù diretta o sviluppo do tema vegnuo apreuvo.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
It held that a nation's wealth depended on its accumulation of gold and silver.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O pensava che a ricchessa de unna naçion a dependesse da l'ammuggiâ de l'öo e de l'argento.
Translate to Ligurian:
Physiocrats, a group of 18th-century French thinkers and writers, developed the idea of the economy as a circular flow of income and output.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I fixòcrati, un gruppo de pensatoî e scrïtoî franseixi do secolo XVIII, an desviluppou l'idea de l'economia comme un flusso in çercio de reddito e produçion.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Physiocrats advocated replacing administratively costly tax collections with a single tax on income of land owners.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I fixocratichi s'arrecommandavan de sostituî o scheuve de tasce amministrativamente pesante con unna tascia unica in sciô reddito di propietäi de tære.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Smith discusses potential benefits of specialization by division of labour, including increased labour productivity and gains from trade, whether between town and country or across countries.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O Smith o discutte i avvantaggi potençiali da speçializzaçion pe spartiçion do travaggio, tra i quæ o cresce da produttivitæ do travaggio e i guägni che ne vëgnan da-o commercio, tanto tra çittæ e campagna comme tra di paixi.
Translate to Genoese:
The force of a rapidly growing population against a limited amount of land meant diminishing returns to labour.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A fòrsa de unna popolaçion ch'a cresceiva a-a spedia contra unna quantitæ limitâ de tæra a se traduxeiva inte unna diminuçion da redditivitæ do travaggio.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
Ricardo was the first to state and prove the principle of comparative advantage, according to which each country should specialize in producing and exporting goods in that it has a lower relative cost of production, rather relying only on its own production.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O Ricardo o l'é stæto o primmo à affermâ e mostrâ o prinçipio de l'avvantaggio à confronto, segondo o quæ ògni paise o dovieiva speçializzâse inta produçion e inte l'esportaçion de ben za ch'o l'à un costo relativo de produçion ciù bassa, ciufito che arrembâse solo in sciâ seu produçion.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
Mill pointed to a distinct difference between the market's two roles: allocation of resources and distribution of income.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O Mill o l'à indicou unna differensa netta tra e doe fonçioin do mercou: allocaçion de resorse e distribuçion do reddito.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
Smith wrote that the "real price of every thing ... is the toil and trouble of acquiring it".
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O Smith o l'à scrito che o «prexo reale de quæ se segge cösa ... o l'é o giammin e a difficoltæ pe ottegnîla».
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Say's definition has prevailed up to our time, saved by substituting the word "wealth" for "goods and services" meaning that wealth may include non-material objects as well.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A definiçion do Say a l'à prevarsciuo fin a-i nòstri tempi, sarvâ da-o scangio da poula «ricchessa» con «ben e serviçi», into senso che a ricchessa a peu comprende anche di oggetti no materiali.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
For Robbins, the insufficiency was solved, and his definition allows us to proclaim, with an easy conscience, education economics, safety and security economics, health economics, war economics, and of course, production, distribution and consumption economics as valid subjects of the economic science."
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe-o Robbins, a farta a l'ea destrigâ e a seu definiçion a ne permette d'avvoxâ, co-a consciensa queta, l'economia de l'educaçion, l'economia de l'educaçion, l'economia da seguessa, l'economia da sanitæ, l'economia da guæra e, s'accapisce, l'economia da produçion, da distribuçion e do consummo comme di boin argomenti da sciensa econòmica».
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Although far from unanimous, most mainstream economists would accept some version of Robbins' definition, even though many have raised serious objections to the scope and method of economics, emanating from that definition.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sciben che de mainea no unanime, i ciù tanti economista tradiçionali an açettou unna verscion da definiçion do Robbins, ascì che tanti an tiou sciù de obieçioin serie à l'ambito e a-o metodo de l'economia, vegnui da sta definiçion.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
The term "economics" was popularized by such neoclassical economists as Alfred Marshall as a concise synonym for "economic science" and a substitute for the earlier "political economy".
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O termine «economia» o l'é stæto misso in veuga da di economisti neoclascichi comme o Alfred Marshall comme un scinònimo curto de «sciensa economica» e unna sostituçion do passou «economia politica».