ConseggioLigure/seed-instruct-eng-lij huggingface dataset:
Translate to Genoese:
These controversies have led to litigation, international trade disputes, and protests, and to restrictive regulation of commercial products in some countries.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Ste controverscie an portou à di scontro, à de dispute internaçionale in sciô commercio e à de proteste, e à unna regolamentaçion restrittiva di produti commerciali inte çerti paixi.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Although doubts have been raised, economically most studies have found growing GM crops to be beneficial to farmers.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sciben che l’é stæto avansou di dubbi, economicamente a ciù parte di studdi a l’à demostrou che a cortivaçion de GM a l’é benefica pe-i agricoltoî.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Many of the environmental impacts regarding GM crops may take many years to be understood and are also evident in conventional agriculture practices.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe tanti di impatti ambientali ligæ a-e cortivaçioin GM ghe peu voei ben ben di anni e son evidenti anche inte prattiche agricole convençionale.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Few films have informed audiences about genetic engineering, with the exception of the 1978 The Boys from Brazil and the 1993 Jurassic Park, both of which made use of a lesson, a demonstration, and a clip of scientific film.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pöchi cini an informou o pubrico in sce l’inzegneria genetica, con l’ecceçion de The Boys from Brazil do 1978 e Jurassic Park do 1993, tutti doî con unna leçion, unna demostraçion e unna clip de unna pellicola scientifica.
Translate from English to Genoese:
Nanotechnology, also shortened to nanotech, is the use of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale for industrial purposes.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E nanotecnologie («nanotech» inta seu abbreviaçion ingleise) representan l’utilizzaçion da matëia in sce scâ atòmica, molecolare ò sorviamolecolare pe finalitæ d’industria.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
This definition reflects the fact that quantum mechanical effects are important at this quantum-realm scale, and so the definition shifted from a particular technological goal to a research category inclusive of all types of research and technologies that deal with the special properties of matter which occur below the given size threshold.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sta definiçion a reflette o fæto che i effetti mecanichi quantistichi en relevanti in sce sta scâ quantistica; donca a definiçion a s’é spostâ da un obiettivo tecnològico speçifico à unna categoria de reçerca ch’a comprende tutte e qualitæ de reçerca e tecnologie ch’an da fâ co-e propietæ particolæ da matëia che se verifican a-o de sotta de un livello de dimenscion determinou.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
The associated research and applications are equally diverse, ranging from extensions of conventional device physics to completely new approaches based upon molecular self-assembly, from developing new materials with dimensions on the nanoscale to direct control of matter on the atomic scale.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A reçerca e e applicaçioin assoçiæ en despæge ascì, e van da de estenscioin da fixica di dispoxitivi convençionæ à de metodologie do tutto neuve basæ in sce l’autoassemblaggio de molecole, da-o sviluppo de neuvi materiali con dimenscioin in sce scâ nanometrica a-o contròllo diretto da matëia in sce scâ atòmica.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
The term "nano-technology" was first used by Norio Taniguchi in 1974, though it was not widely known.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O termine «nanotecnologia» o l’é stæto deuviou pe-a primma vòtta da Norio Taniguchi do 1974, sciben ch’o no fïse guæi conosciuo.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
The emergence of nanotechnology as a field in the 1980s occurred through convergence of Drexler's theoretical and public work, which developed and popularized a conceptual framework for nanotechnology, and high-visibility experimental advances that drew additional wide-scale attention to the prospects of atomic control of matter.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L’emerscion de nanotecnologie comme discipliña, di anni Ottanto, a l’é avvegnua graçie a-a convergensa do travaggio teòrico e pubrico de Drexler, ch’o l’à sviluppou e reiso popolare un quaddro conçettuale pe-e nanotecnologie, e a-i progresci da sperimentaçion à erta vixibilitæ che an attræto ancon ciù tanta attençion in sce larga scâ a-e prospettive do contròllo atòmico da matëia.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
The microscope's developers Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer at IBM Zurich Research Laboratory received a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I sviluppatoî do miscroscòpio do IBM Research Laboratory de Zurigo an reçevuo o premio Nobel pe-a fixica do 1986.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
C60 was not initially described as nanotechnology; the term was used regarding subsequent work with related carbon nanotubes (sometimes called graphene tubes or Bucky tubes) which suggested potential applications for nanoscale electronics and devices.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A-o comenso C60 o no l’ea descrito comme nanotecnologia; o termine o l’ea deuviou pe-o travaggio subconseguente co-i nanotubi de carbon colligæ (quarche vòtta ciammæ tubbi de grafene o tubbi de Bucky) che an suggerio de poscibile applicaçioin inte l’elettrònica e inti appægi in sce nanoscâ.
Translate to Ligurian:
Decades later, advances in multi-gate technology enabled the scaling of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) devices down to nano-scale levels smaller than 20 nm gate length, starting with the FinFET (fin field-effect transistor), a three-dimensional, non-planar, double-gate MOSFET.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Dëxeñe d’anni apreuvo, i progresci inta tecnologia multi-gate an permisso de scallâ i dispoxitivi MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor) fin à di livelli de nanoscâ ciù basci a-i 20 nm de longhixe de gate, comensando co-o FinFET (fin field-effect transistor), un MOSFET tridimenscionale, no planare, à doggio gate.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Controversies emerged regarding the definitions and potential implications of nanotechnologies, exemplified by the Royal Society's report on nanotechnology.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
À propòxito da definiçion e de potençiale implicaçioin de nanotecnologie s’é vegnuo à creâ de controversie, de quæ s’attreuva unn’exemplificaçion into rappòrto da Royal Society in scê nanotecnologie.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
These products are limited to bulk applications of nanomaterials and do not involve atomic control of matter.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sti produti en limitæ a-e applicaçioin de massa di nanomateriali e no an da fâ co-o contròllo atòmico da matëia.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
It was based on gate-all-around (GAA) FinFET technology.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O l’ea basou in sciâ tecnologia FinFET gate-all-around (GAA).
Translate to Ligurian:
This covers both current work and concepts that are more advanced.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Questo o creuve tanto o travaggio de sto momento comme conçetti ciù avansæ.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
The lower limit is set by the size of atoms (hydrogen has the smallest atoms, which are approximately a quarter of a nm kinetic diameter) since nanotechnology must build its devices from atoms and molecules.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O limite ciù basso o l’é fissou da-e dimenscioin di atomi (l’idrògeno o l’à i atomi ciù piccin, ch’an un diametro cinetico de un quarto de nm pöcassæ), da-o momento che e nanotecnologie devan construe i seu dispoxitivi da atomi e molecole.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
To put that scale in another context, the comparative size of a nanometer to a meter is the same as that of a marble to the size of the earth.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe mette sta scâ in sce un atro contesto, a dimenscion comparativa de un nanometro à un metro a l’é pægia de quella de unna gicciña respetto a-e dimenscion da Tæra.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
In the "bottom-up" approach, materials and devices are built from molecular components which assemble themselves chemically by principles of molecular recognition.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Segondo a metodologia bottom-up, i materiali e i dispoxitivi vëgnan costruti da de componente molecolare che s’assemblan pe via chimica pe di prinçippi de reconoscimento de molecole.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
One example is the increase in surface area to volume ratio altering mechanical, thermal and catalytic properties of materials.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Un exempio o l’é l’aumento do rappòrto tra a superfiçie e o volumme ch’o cangia e propietæ mecaniche, termiche e catalitiche di materiali.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
The catalytic activity of nanomaterials also opens potential risks in their interaction with biomaterials.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L’attivitæ catalitica di nanomateriali a l’arve ascì di poscibili reiseghi inta seu interaçion co-i biomateriali.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
The concept of molecular recognition is especially important: molecules can be designed so that a specific configuration or arrangement is favored due to non-covalent intermolecular forces.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O conçetto de reconoscimento molecolare o l’à unn’importansa particolare: e molecole peuan vegnî progettæ de mòddo che unna configuraçion ò dispoxiçion determinâ a segge favoria da de fòrse intermolecolare no covalente.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Such bottom-up approaches should be capable of producing devices in parallel and be much cheaper than top-down methods, but could potentially be overwhelmed as the size and complexity of the desired assembly increases.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Ste metodologie bottom-up dovieivan arriescî à produe di dispoxitivi in parallelo e à ëse ben ben ciù econòmichi de quelle top-down, ma porrieivan potensialmente vegnî soprafæti tanto che e dimenscioin e a complescitæ de l’assemblaggio dexidiou aumentan.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Manufacturing in the context of productive nanosystems is not related to, and should be clearly distinguished from, the conventional technologies used to manufacture nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A produçion into contesto di nanoscistemi a o l’é correlâ à, e a dovieiva ëse ben distanta da, e tecnologie convençionæ deuviæ pe-a produçion de nanomateriali, comme i nanocannæ de carbònio e e nanopartiçelle.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
It is hoped that developments in nanotechnology will make possible their construction by some other means, perhaps using biomimetic principles.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Se spera che i sviluppi inte nanotecnologie fassan de mòddo che se pòssan costrue con di atri mezi ascì, fòscia pe mezo de prinçippi biomitetichi.
Translate from English to Genoese:
In general it is very difficult to assemble devices on the atomic scale, as one has to position atoms on other atoms of comparable size and stickiness.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe commun l’é assæ difficoltoso assemblâ di dispoxitivi in sce scâ atòmica, de za che beseugna poxiçionâ di atomi in sce di atri atomi con de dimenscion e unn’adexivitæ che se gh’assomeggian.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Nanomaterials with fast ion transport are related also to nanoionics and nanoelectronics.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I nanomateriali co-o traspòrto automatico de ioin en ligæ ascì a-a nanoiònica e a-a nanoelettrica.
Translate to Genoese:
Nanoscale materials such as nanopillars are sometimes used in solar cells which combats the cost of traditional silicon solar cells.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
In materiali in sce nanoscâ comme i nanopillæ de vòtte vëgnan deuviæ inte çellole solare che combattan o costo de çellole solare tradiçionæ fæte de siliçio.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
More generally, molecular self-assembly seeks to use concepts of supramolecular chemistry, and molecular recognition in particular, to cause single-molecule components to automatically arrange themselves into some useful conformation.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Ciù in generale, l’autoassemblaggio de molecole o çerca de deuviâ di conçetti da chimica sorviamolecolare, de reconoscimento molecolare ciù into detaggio, pe fâ de mòddo che i componenti de unna molecola sencia s’organizzan in automatico inte quarche conformaçion ch’a segge utile.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
Giant magnetoresistance-based hard drives already on the market fit this description, as do atomic layer deposition (ALD) techniques.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I hard disk giganti basæ in sciâ magnetorexistensa che s’attreuvan za in sciô mercou en compreixi inte sta descriçion, coscì comme e tecniche de depoxiçion di seu atòmichi (ALD).
Translate to Ligurian:
Focused ion beams can directly remove material, or even deposit material when suitable precursor gasses are applied at the same time.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I fasci de ioin localizzæ peuan remeuve direttamente do materiale ò fiña depoxitâne quande ven applicou a-o mæximo tempo di gas precursoî adeguæ.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
These could then be used as single-molecule components in a nanoelectronic device.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Questi, dapeu, porrieivan vegnî deuviæ comme componenti de unna molecola sencia inte un dispoxitivo nanoelettrico.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Molecular nanotechnology is a proposed approach which involves manipulating single molecules in finely controlled, deterministic ways.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A nanotecnologia molecolare a l’é unna metodologia stæta propòsta ch’a compòrta a manipolaçion de molecole sence inte de mainee finemente controllæ e deterministiche.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
There are hopes for applying nanorobots in medicine.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Gh’é de poscibilitæ che i nanorobot pòssan vegnî deuviæ into campo da mëxiña.
Translate to Ligurian:
Because of the discrete (i.e. atomic) nature of matter and the possibility of exponential growth, this stage is seen as the basis of another industrial revolution.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Apreuvo a-a natua discreta (ò sæ atòmica) da matëia a-a poscibilitæ ch’a cresce de forma esponençiale, sta fase a l’é vista comme a base de unn’atra revoluçion industriale.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
With the decrease in dimensionality, an increase in surface-to-volume ratio is observed.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Co-a diminuçion da dimenscionalitæ s’osserva un aumento do rappòrto tra a superfiçie e o volumme.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
Although conceptually similar to the scanning confocal microscope developed by Marvin Minsky in 1961 and the scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) developed by Calvin Quate and coworkers in the 1970s, newer scanning probe microscopes have much higher resolution, since they are not limited by the wavelength of sound or light.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Ben che pe-o conçetto o s’assomegge a-o microscòpio confocale à scanscion sviluppou da Marvin Minsky do 1961 e a-o microscòpio acustico à scanscion (SAM) sviluppou da Calvin Quate e da-i seu coblaboratoî di anni ’70, i ciù reçenti microscòppi à scanscion con unna sonda an unna resoluçion ben ben ciù erta, perché no son limitæ a-a longhixe d’onda do son ò da luxe.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
Scanning probe microscopy is an important technique both for characterization and synthesis of nanomaterials.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A microscopia à scanscion a l’é unna tecnica importante tanto pe-a caratterizzaçion comme pe-a scintesci di nanomateriæ.
Translate to Ligurian:
By using, for example, feature-oriented scanning approach, atoms or molecules can be moved around on a surface with scanning probe microscopy techniques.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe fâ un exempio, se se deuvia unna metodologia de scanscion orientâ a-e caratteristiche, se peu mesciâ di atomi ò de molecole in sce unna superfiçie con de tecniche de microcoscopia à sonda de scanscion.
Translate to Ligurian:
These techniques include chemical synthesis, self-assembly and positional assembly.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Ste tecniche comprendan a scintexi chimica, l’autoassemblaggio e l’assemblaggio poxiçionale.
Translate from English to Genoese:
Researchers at Bell Telephone Laboratories like John R. Arthur.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I reçercatoî di Bell Telephone Laboratories comme John R. Arthur.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
MBE allows scientists to lay down atomically precise layers of atoms and, in the process, build up complex structures.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
MBE o permette a-i sciensæ de destende di seu di atomi e, into mæximo processo, de costrue de struttue complesse.
Translate from English to Genoese:
Bandages are being infused with silver nanoparticles to heal cuts faster.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E binde vëgnan infuse con de nanopartiçelle d’argento pe guarî i taggi into tempo ciù breve.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Nanotechnology may have the ability to make existing medical applications cheaper and easier to use in places like the general practitioner's office and at home.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E nanotecnologie peuan avei a capaçitæ de rende e applicaçion into campo da mëxiña che za existan ciù econòmiche e façile da deuviâ inte di pòsti comme o scagno do mego de famiggia e à casa.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Next the oxidation catalyst oxidizes the hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide to form carbon dioxide and water.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Dapeu o catalizzatô o l’òscida i idrocarbui e o monòscido de carbònio pe formâ do bioscido de carbònio e ægua.
Translate to Ligurian:
Danish company InnovationsFonden invested DKK 15 million in a search for new catalyst substitutes using nanotechnology.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L’açienda daneise InnovationsFonden a l’à investio 15 mioin di coroñe daneise inte unna reçerca de neuve sostituçioin do catalizzatô pe mezo de nanotecnologie.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
If the catalyst's surface area that is exposed to the exhaust fumes is maximized, efficiency of the catalyst is maximized.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Se a superfiçie do catalizzatô espòsta a-i fummi de scarrego a l’é mascimizzâ, l’effiçensa do catalizzatô a l’é mascimizzâ ascì.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Thus, creating these nanoparticles will increase the effectiveness of the resulting diesel engine catalyst—in turn leading to cleaner exhaust fumes—and will decrease cost.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Donca, a creaçion de ste nanopartiçelle a l’aumentià o bon fonçionamento do catalizzatô do motô diesel resultante – ch’o portià à seu vòtta à di fummi de scarrego ciù netti – e o l’ammermià i costi.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
When designing scaffolds, researchers attempt to mimic the nanoscale features of a cell's microenvironment to direct its differentiation down a suitable lineage.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Quande progettan e imparcatue, i reçercatoî çercan d’imitâ e caratteristiche in sce scâ nanometrice do microambiente de unna çellola pe dirizze a seu differençiaçion longo un lignaggio adatto.
Translate from English to Genoese:
TSMC began production of a 7 nm process in 2017, and Samsung began production of a 5 nm process in 2018.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A TSMC a l’ea comensou a produçion de un processo à 7 nm do 2017 e a Samsung a l’à comensou a produçion de un processo à 5 nm do 2018.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
For these reasons, some groups advocate that nanotechnology be regulated by governments.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe ste raxoin gh’é di gruppi de gente che domandan che e nanotecnologia seggian regolæ da-i governi.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Some nanoparticle products may have unintended consequences.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Gh’é di produti basæ in scê nanopartiçelle che peuan avei de conseguense no dexidiæ.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Inhaling airborne nanoparticles and nanofibers may lead to a number of pulmonary diseases, e.g. fibrosis.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L’inalaçion de nanopartiçelle e nanofibre trasportæ da l’äia a peu portâ à varie moutie di pormoin, comme a fibroxi.
Translate to Genoese:
A major study published more recently in Nature Nanotechnology suggests some forms of carbon nanotubes – a poster child for the "nanotechnology revolution" – could be as harmful as asbestos if inhaled in sufficient quantities.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Un importante studio pubricou ciù de reçente in sce Nature Nanotechnology o suggerisce che çerte forme di nanocannæ de carbònio – un scimbolo da «revoluçion nanotecnològica» – de vegnî inalæ inte çerte quantitæ porrieivan caxonâ di danni comme l’amianto.
Translate to Genoese:
Davies (2008) has proposed a regulatory road map describing steps to deal with these shortcomings.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Davies (2008) o l’à propòsto unna tabella de marcia normativa ch’a descrive i pasci pe affrontâ ste carense.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
As a result, some academics have called for stricter application of the precautionary principle, with delayed marketing approval, enhanced labelling and additional safety data development requirements in relation to certain forms of nanotechnology.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe conseguensa, çerti studioxi an domandou unn’applicaçion ciù rigorosa do prinçipio de precauçion, con l’approvaçion retardâ da comercializzaçion, con unn’etichettatua megio fæta e neuvi requixiti de sviluppi di dæti de seguessa in relaçion à çerte forme de nanotecnologie.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Nuclear technology is technology that involves the nuclear reactions of atomic nuclei.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A tecnologia atòmica a l’é a tecnologia ch’a l’à da fâ co-e reaçioin di nuclei di atomi.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
He, Pierre Curie and Marie Curie began investigating the phenomenon.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Lê, Pierre Curie e Marie Curie aivan comensou à fâ da reçerca in sciô fenòmeno.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
Some of these kinds of radiation could pass through ordinary matter, and all of them could be harmful in large amounts.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Çerte de ste qualitæ de radiaçioin porrieivan passâ atraverso a matëia ordinäia e tutte liatre, se reçevue in sce unna gran quantitæ, porrieivan provocâ di danni.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Gradually it was realized that the radiation produced by radioactive decay was ionizing radiation, and that even quantities too small to burn could pose a severe long-term hazard.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pittin à pittin se gh’é dæto conto che a radiaçion produta da-o decazze radioattivo a l’ea unna radiaçion ionizzante e che fiña de quantitæ tròppo picciñe da bruxâ poeivan representâ, a-a longa, un reisego di ciù gravi.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
As the atom came to be better understood, the nature of radioactivity became clearer.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Da maniman che s’é riescii à capî ciù ben a natua de l’atomo, s’é fæto ciù ciæo a natua da radioattivitæ ascì.