ConseggioLigure/seed-instruct-eng-lij huggingface dataset:
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
For example, the pain killer aspirin is the acetyl ester of salicylic acid, originally isolated from the bark of willow trees, and a wide range of opiate painkillers like heroin are obtained by chemical modification of morphine obtained from the opium poppy.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe fâ un exempio, l’antidolorifico aspiriña a l’é l’estere açetilico de l’açido saliçilico, un tempo isoou da-a scòrsa di sarxi, e unna larga serie d’antidolorifichi à base d’òppio comme l’eroiña s’ottëgnan pe mezo da modifica chimica da morfiña ottegnua da-o papaveo da òppio.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Native Americans have used various plants as ways of treating illness or disease for thousands of years.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe de çentanæa d’anni i nativi americhen an deuviou varie ciante comme remedio pe moutie e desturbi.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Sugar, starch, cotton, linen, hemp, some types of rope, wood and particle boards, papyrus and paper, vegetable oils, wax, and natural rubber are examples of commercially important materials made from plant tissues or their secondary products.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O succao, l’amido, o cotton, o lin, a canava, çerte qualitæ de còrde, legno e pannelli de partiçelle, o papiro e o papê, i eui vegetali, a çeia e a gomma naturale en di exempi de materiali importæ pe commercio e fæti da-i tesciui vegetali ò da-i seu produti segondäi.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Products made from cellulose include rayon and cellophane, wallpaper paste, biobutanol and gun cotton.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I produti fæti de çellolosa comprendan o rayon e o cellophane, a pasta da pämenti, o biobutanolo e o cotton pe-e pistòlle.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Some ecologists even rely on empirical data from indigenous people that is gathered by ethnobotanists.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Gh’é di ecologisti che se basan fiña in sce di dæti empirichi de persoñe indigene recuggeite da etnobotanichi.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Plants depend on certain edaphic (soil) and climatic factors in their environment but can modify these factors too.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E ciante dependan da çerti fattoî edafichi (saieiva à dî ligæ a-o seu) e climatichi into seu ambiente, ma peuan ascì modificâ sti fattoî.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
They interact with their neighbours at a variety of spatial scales in groups, populations and communities that collectively constitute vegetation.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Interagiscian co-i seu vexin in sce varie scæ de spaçio pe gruppi, popolaçioin e communitæ che tutti insemme forman a vegetaçion.
Translate to Genoese:
Gregor Mendel discovered the genetic laws of inheritance by studying inherited traits such as shape in Pisum sativum (peas).
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Gregor Mendel o l’à descoverto a lezze genetica de l’ereditarietæ co-o studio de træti ereditäi, comme a forma, inta speçie Pisum sativus (saieiva à dî o poïscio).
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Nevertheless, there are some distinctive genetic differences between plants and other organisms.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sciben, gh’é de differense genetiche distintive tra e ciante e i atri organismi.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
The many cultivated varieties of wheat are the result of multiple inter- and intra-specific crosses between wild species and their hybrids.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E tante varietæ de gran che se cortivan son o resultato de varri incroxi inter- e intraspeçifici tra speçie sarvæghe e i seu ibridi.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
In many land plants the male and female gametes are produced by separate individuals.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Inte tante ciante da Tæra i gameti masccio e femina en produti da di individui separæ.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
The formation of stem tubers in potato is one example.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Un exempio a l’é a formaçion de tuberi à fî inte patatte.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
Apomixis can also happen in a seed, producing a seed that contains an embryo genetically identical to the parent.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L’apomiscia a peu apparî fiña inte unna semensa, co-a produçion de unna semensa ch’a contëgne un embrion do tutto pægio a-o genitô da-o ponto de vista genetico.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
An allopolyploid plant may result from a hybridisation event between two different species.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Unna cianta allopoliploide a peu resultâ da un evento d’ibridaçion tra doe speçie despæge.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Some otherwise sterile plant polyploids can still reproduce vegetatively or by seed apomixis, forming clonal populations of identical individuals.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Çerti poliplòidi vegetali, che sedonca saieiva sterili, peuan ancon reproduse pe forma vegetativa ò pe apomiscia de semense, finindo pe formâ de popolaçion clonæ d’individui do tutto pægi fra de lô.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Common dandelion is a triploid that produces viable seeds by apomictic seed.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O dente de lion commun o l’é un triplòide ch’o produxe de semense vitæ pe via apomittica.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
The sequencing of some other relatively small genomes, of rice (Oryza sativa) and Brachypodium distachyon, has made them important model species for understanding the genetics, cellular and molecular biology of cereals, grasses and monocots generally.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O sequensiamento de çerti atri genömi relativamente piccin, de riso (Oryza sativa) e Brachypodium distachyon, o î à fæti vegnî de speçie modello de relevansa pe comprende a genetica, a biologia de çellole e de molecole di cereali, de erbe e de monocotiledone ciù pe commun.
Translate from English to Genoese:
Gene expression can also be controlled by repressor proteins that attach to silencer regions of the DNA and prevent that region of the DNA code from being expressed.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L’esprescion genica a peu vegnî controllâ ascì da de proteiñe repressoe che s’attaccan à de regioin che scilençian o DNA e fan de mòddo ce quella region do còdixe DNA a vëgne espressa.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Some epigenetic changes have been shown to be heritable, while others are reset in the germ cells.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L’é stæto demostrou che çerti cangi epigenetichi en ereditäi, mentre di atri vëgnan recompòsti inte çellole germinæ.
Translate from English to Genoese:
Unlike animals, many plant cells, particularly those of the parenchyma, do not terminally differentiate, remaining totipotent with the ability to give rise to a new individual plant.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
À differensa di aniæ, tante çellole de ciante, mascime quelle da parenchyme, no se differensian terminalmente e arrestan totipotente co-a capaçitæ de generâ unna neuva cianta individuale.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
The algae are a polyphyletic group and are placed in various divisions, some more closely related to plants than others.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E æge son un gruppo polifiletico e s’attreuvan collocæ inte varie divixoin; çerte en ligæ a-e ciante à un mòddo ciù streito che de atre.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
The Charophyte class Charophyceae and the land plant sub-kingdom Embryophyta together form the monophyletic group or clade Streptophytina.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A classe di cariofiti Charophyceae e o sottoreame de ciante terrestre Embryophyta forman insemme o gruppo monoffiletico, ò clade, Streptophytina.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Pteridophytic vascular plants with true xylem and phloem that reproduced by spores germinating into free-living gametophytes evolved during the Silurian period and diversified into several lineages during the late Silurian and early Devonian.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E ciante vascolare pteridofite con csilema e floema vëi, e che se reproduivan con de spöre che germinavan inte di gametofiti da vitta libera, se son sviluppæ into periodo scilurian e se son diverscificæ inte ciù rammificaçioin into scilurian tardo e o comenso do devonian.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Their reduced gametophytes developed from megaspores retained within the spore-producing organs (megasporangia) of the sporophyte, a condition known as endospory.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I seu gametofiti reduti s’en sviluppæ da megaspöre trattegnue drento di òrgani de produçion de spöre (megasporangia) do sporòfito, unna condiçion conosciua comme endosporia.
Translate from English to Genoese:
The earliest known seed plants date from the latest Devonian Famennian stage.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E primme ciante da semensa che se conoscian remontan à l’urtimo stadio do devonian famenian.
Translate from English to Genoese:
Chemicals obtained from the air, soil and water form the basis of all plant metabolism.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E sostanse chimiche ottegnue da l’äia, da-o seu e da l’ægua forman a base de tutto o metabolismo de ciante.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Heterotrophs including all animals, all fungi, all completely parasitic plants, and non-photosynthetic bacteria take in organic molecules produced by photoautotrophs and respire them or use them in the construction of cells and tissues.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I eteròfili che comprendan tutti i animæ, tutti i fonzi, tutte e ciante completamente parascite e i battëi no fotoscintetichi piggian e molecole organiche produte da-i fotoautòtrofi e ê respian ò ê deuvian pe-a costruçion de çellole e tesciui.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Subcellular transport of ions, electrons and molecules such as water and enzymes occurs across cell membranes.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O traspòrto subçellolare de ioin, elettroin e molecole, comme d’ægua e d’enzimi, o se verifica atraverso e membrañe de çellole.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Examples of elements that plants need to transport are nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Di exempi d’elementi che e ciante an beseugno de trasportâ son l’azöto, o fòsforo, o potassio, o calcio, o magnesio e o sorfo.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
The natural cytokinin zeatin was discovered in corn, Zea mays, and is a derivative of the purine adenine.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A citochinina naturale zeatina a l’é stæta descoverta into mais, Zea mays, e o l’é un derivou de l’adenina puriña.
Translate from English to Genoese:
They are involved in the promotion of germination and dormancy-breaking in seeds, in regulation of plant height by controlling stem elongation and the control of flowering.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Piggian parte a-a promoçion da germinaçion e da rottua da dormiensa inte semense, inta regolaçion de l’ertessa de ciante co-o contròllo de l’allongamento di fî de ciante e do contròllo da fioritua.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
It was so named because it was originally thought to control abscission.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O l’é stæto ciammou coscì perché in origine se pensava ch’o controllesse l’absciçion.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Another class of phytohormones is the jasmonates, first isolated from the oil of Jasminum grandiflorum which regulates wound responses in plants by unblocking the expression of genes required in the systemic acquired resistance response to pathogen attack.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Unn’atra classe de fito-ormoin son i jasmonæ, stæti isoæ pe-a primma vòtta da l’euio de Jasminum grandiflorum ch’o regola e respòste a-e ferie de ciante co-o sblòcco de l’esprescion de geni che gh’é de beseugno inta respòsta scistemica de rexistensa stæta aquixia a-o momento de l’atto patògeno.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
Non-vascular plants, the liverworts, hornworts and mosses do not produce ground-penetrating vascular roots and most of the plant participates in photosynthesis.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E ciante no vascolare, quelle epatice, e ortiniche e i moschi no produxan de reixe vascolæ ch’intran into terren e a ciù parte da ciante a piggia parte a-a fotoscintexi.
Translate to Genoese:
Cells in each system are capable of creating cells of the other and producing adventitious shoots or roots.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E çellole d’ògni scistema en boñe à creâ de çellole de l’atro e à produe di bròtti ò de reixe avventiçie.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
In the event that one of the systems is lost, the other can often regrow it.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Into caxo che un di doî scistemi o vëgne perso, l’atro de spesso o peu fâlo cresce torna.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
In vascular plants, the xylem and phloem are the conductive tissues that transport resources between shoots and roots.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Inte ciante vascolare, o csilema e o florema en di tessui conduttoî che traspòrtan resorse tra i bròtti e e raixe.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Leaves gather sunlight and carry out photosynthesis.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E feuggie sciorban a luxe do sô e produxan a fotoscintexi.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Angiosperms are seed-producing plants that produce flowers and have enclosed seeds.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E angiosperme en de ciante che produxan a semensa da pe liatre, che dan scioî e che contëgnan a semensa drento de liatre.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Some plants reproduce sexually, some asexually, and some via both means.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Çerte ciante se reproduxan pe via sessuâ, de atre pe via asessuâ, e de atre ancon à tutte doe e mainee.
Translate to Ligurian:
Biological classification is a form of scientific taxonomy.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A clascificaçion biològica a l’é unna forma de tassonomia scientifica.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
While scientists do not always agree on how to classify organisms, molecular phylogenetics, which uses DNA sequences as data, has driven many recent revisions along evolutionary lines and is likely to continue to do so.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Ascì ben che i scensiæ no en sempre d’accòrdio in sciâ mainea de clascificâ i organismi, a filogenetica molecolare, chpa deuvia e sequense do DNA comme dæti, a l’à portou de reçente à ben ben de revixoin in scê linie evolutive e, con tutta probabilitæ, a saià ancon coscì inte l’avvegnî.
Translate to Genoese:
The nomenclature of botanical organisms is codified in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) and administered by the International Botanical Congress.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A nomenclatua di organismi botanichi a l’é codificâ into Codixe Internaçionale da Nomenclatua pe-e æghe, i fonzi e e ciante (ICN) e â manezza o Congresso Botanico Internaçionale.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
The scientific name of a plant represents its genus and its species within the genus, resulting in a single worldwide name for each organism.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O nomme scientifico de unna cianta o representa o seu genere e e seu speçie drento do genere mæximo; à sto mòddo, tutti i organismi do mondo an un nomme solo e univoco.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
The combination is the name of the species.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A combinaçion a corresponde a-o nomme da speçie.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
The evolutionary relationships and heredity of a group of organisms is called its phylogeny.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E relaçioin evolutive e ereditäie de un gruppo d’organismi en ciammæ a seu filogenia.
Translate from English to Genoese:
As an example, species of Pereskia are trees or bushes with prominent leaves.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe fâ un exempio, e speçie de Pereskia en di erboi ò di costi con de feugge prominente.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Judging relationships based on shared characters requires care, since plants may resemble one another through convergent evolution in which characters have arisen independently.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe giudicâ e relaçion basæ in scî caratteri scompartii beseugna fâ attençion, perché e ciante peuan assomeggiâse l’uña à l’atra pe mezo de unn’evoluçion convergente donde i caratteri en nasciun independentemente l’un da l’atro.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Only derived characters, such as the spine-producing areoles of cacti, provide evidence for descent from a common ancestor.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Solo i caratteri derivæ, comme e areole spinose di cactus, dan de preuve da descendensa da un antenato commun.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
The difference is that the genetic code itself is used to decide evolutionary relationships, instead of being used indirectly via the characters it gives rise to.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A differensa a l’é che o mæximo codixe genetico o vëgne deuviou pe determinâ e relaçioin evolutive, incangio de vegnî deuviou indirettamente atraverso i caratteri pe-i quæ o marca o comenso.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Genetic evidence suggests that the true evolutionary relationship of multicelled organisms is as shown in the cladogram below – fungi are more closely related to animals than to plants.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L’evidensa genetica a suggerisce che a vea relaçion evolutiva di organismi multiçellolari a l’é quella mostrâ into cladogramma chì dabasso: i fonzi en ligæ ciù streitamente a-i animæ che a-e ciante.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
Investigating how plant species are related to each other allows botanists to better understand the process of evolution in plants.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Fâ da reçerca in sce comme e speçie de ciante en conligæ fra de liatre permette a-i studioxi de botanica de capî megio o processo d’evoluçion inte ciante mæxime.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Although humans have always been interested in the natural history of the animals they saw around them, and made use of this knowledge to domesticate certain species, the formal study of zoology can be said to have originated with Aristotle.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sciben che i òmmi se son interessæ delongo a-a stöia naturale de bestie che veddeivan in gio à liatri e an deuviou sta conoscensa pe addomestegâ çerte speçie, se peu dî che o studio formale da zoologia a segge comensâ graçie à Aristòtele.
Translate to Ligurian:
Modern zoology has its origins during the Renaissance and early modern period, with Carl Linnaeus, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Robert Hooke, Charles Darwin, Gregor Mendel and many others.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A zoologia moderna a l’attreuva o seu comenso int Renascion e o primmo periodo moderno, graçie à Carlo Linneo, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Robert Hooke, Charles Darwin, Gregor Mendel e tanti atri.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
There are cave paintings, engravings and sculptures in France dating back 15,000 years showing bison, horses and deer in carefully rendered detail.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
In Fransa gh’é de pittue rupestre, incixoin e scoltue de 15.000 anni fa che mostran bisonti, cavalli e çervi con tanto de detaggi accuræ.
Translate from English to Genoese:
Ancient knowledge of wildlife is illustrated by the realistic depictions of wild and domestic animals in the Near East, Mesopotamia and Egypt, including husbandry practices and techniques, hunting and fishing.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A conoscensa antiga da fauna sarvæga a l’é inlustrâ da-e representaçioin realistiche de bestie sarvæghe e domesteghe do Vexin Oriente, da Mesopotamia e d’Egitto, compreiso e prattiche e e tecniche d’allevamento, caccia e pesca.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Aristotle, in the fourth century BC, looked at animals as living organisms, studying their structure, development and vital phenomena.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Aristòtele, into secolo IV a.C., o consciderava e bestie comme di organismi viventi e o ne studiava a struttua, o sviluppo e i fenòmeni de vitta.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Four hundred years later, Roman physician Galen dissected animals to study their anatomy and the function of the different parts, because the dissection of human cadavers was prohibited at the time.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Quattroçento anni apreuvo, o mego roman Galeno o l’à disseçionou de bestie pe studiâ a seu anatomia e a fonçion de seu varie parte, da-o momento che à l’epoca a disseçion de cadavei d’òmmo a l’ea proibia.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
In Europe, Galen's work on anatomy remained largely unsurpassed and unchallenged up until the 16th century.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
In Euröpa o travaggio de Galeno in sce l’anatomia o l’é arrestou largamente incontrastou fin a-o secolo sezze.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
Having previously been the realm of gentlemen naturalists, over the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries, zoology became an increasingly professional scientific discipline.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Da-o momento che primma a l’ea stæta o regno di naturalisti gentilòmmi, di secoli dixeutto, dixineuve e vinti a zoologia a l’é vegnua unna discipliña scientifica delongo ciù profescionale.
Translate to Ligurian:
These developments, as well as the results from embryology and paleontology, were synthesized in the 1859 publication of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection; in this Darwin placed the theory of organic evolution on a new footing, by explaining the processes by which it can occur, and providing observational evidence that it had done so.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sti sviluppi, coscì comme i resultati de l’embriologia e da paleontologia, en stæti scintetizzæ inta publicaçion, do 1859 da Charles Darwin, da teoria de l’evoluçion pe mezo da seleçion naturale; chì Darwin o l’à misso a teoria de l’evoluçion organica in sce unna base neuva, spiegando i proçesci pe mezo di quæ a peu avvegnî e fornendo de preuve osservative de sto fæto.
Translate from English to Genoese:
Darwin gave a new direction to morphology and physiology, by uniting them in a common biological theory: the theory of organic evolution.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Darwin o l’à dæto unna neuva direçion a-a morfologia e a-a fisiologia, pe mezo da seu azzonta inte unna teoria biologica commun: a teoria de l’evoluçion organica.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
An early necessity was to identify the organisms and group them according to their characteristics, differences and relationships, and this is the field of the taxonomist.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Unna primma neçescitæ a l’ea quella d’identificâ i organismi e d’arrecheuggili segondo e seu caratteristiche, differense e relaçioin, e sto chì o l’é campo do tassonomista.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
His ideas were centered on the morphology of animals.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E seu idee se basavan in sciâ morfologia di animæ.
Translate to Genoese:
These groupings have since been revised to improve consistency with the Darwinian principle of common descent.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sti gruppi dapeu en stæti revisti pe rende ciù boña a coerensa co-o prinçipio darwinian da descendensa commun.