ConseggioLigure/seed-instruct-eng-lij huggingface dataset:
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Antisthenes was inspired by the ascetism of Socrates, and accused Plato of pride and conceit.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Antistene o l’ea ispirou da l’ascetismo de Sòcrate e o l’accaxonava Platon d’ëse orgoggioso e presuminoso.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
It was founded by Euclides of Megara, one of the pupils of Socrates.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A l’é stæta fondâ da Euclide de Megara, un di allevi de Sòcrate.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Pyrrhonism places the attainment of ataraxia (a state of equanimity) as the way to achieve eudaimonia.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O pirronismo o poñe o fæto de razzonze l’atarascia (unna condiçion d’equanimitæ) comme mezo pe razzonze l’eudaimonia.
Translate to Ligurian:
His ethics were based on "the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain".
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A seu etica a se basava «in sciâ reçerca do piaxei e in sciô schivâ o dô».
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Their logical contributions still feature in contemporary propositional calculus.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E seu contribuçioin in sciâ lògica s’attreuvan ancon into carcolo propoxiçionale contemporaneo.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
This skeptical period of ancient Platonism, from Arcesilaus to Philo of Larissa, became known as the New Academy, although some ancient authors added further subdivisions, such as a Middle Academy.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sto periodo scettico do platonismo antigo, da Arcesilao à Filon de Larissa, o s’é dæto à conosce comme Neuva Academia, ascì ben çerti autoì antighi an azzonto de atre suddivixoin, comme unn’Academia Media.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
While the objective of the Pyrrhonists was the attainment of ataraxia, after Arcesilaus the Academic skeptics did not hold up ataraxia as the central objective.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Se a finalitæ di pirrònichi a l’ea de razzonze l’atarascia, dòppo Arçexilao i scettichi academichi no an sostegnuo l’atarascia comme finalitæ primmäia.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
In the Byzantine Empire Greek ideas were preserved and studied, and not long after the first major expansion of Islam, however, the Abbasid caliphs authorized the gathering of Greek manuscripts and hired translators to increase their prestige.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Inte l’Impëio Bizantin e idee greghe vegnivan conservæ e studdiæ e no guæi tempo dòppo a primma grande espanscion de l’Islam, à tutti i mòddi, i califfi Abbasidi aivan autorizzou a recuggeita de manoscriti greghi e aivan piggiou à travaggiâ di traduttoî pe aumentâ o seu prestigio.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Medieval philosophy is the philosophy that existed through the Middle Ages, the period roughly extending from the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century to the Renaissance in the 15th century.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A filosofia medievale a l’é a filosofia existia de l’Etæ de Mezo, o periodo ch’o s’estende aproscimativamente da-a cheita de l’Impëio Roman d’Oçidente do secolo quinti a-a Renascion do secolo chinze.
Translate to Ligurian:
With the possible exceptions of Avicenna and Averroes, medieval thinkers did not consider themselves philosophers at all: for them, the philosophers were the ancient pagan writers such as Plato and Aristotle.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Fòscia feua che pe Aviçenna e Averroè, i pensatoî de l’Etæ de Mezo no se conscideravan pe ninte di filòsofi: pe liatri i filòsofi ean i antighi scrittoî paghen comme Platon e Aristòtele.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
One of the most heavily debated things of the period was that of faith versus reason.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Uña de cöse ciù debattue de l’epoca a l’ea quella da fæ contra a raxon.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
It is generally agreed that it begins with Augustine (354–430) who strictly belongs to the classical period, and ends with the lasting revival of learning in the late eleventh century, at the beginning of the high medieval period.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe commun s’é d’accòrdio in sciô fæto ch’o comense con Agostin (354-430), ch’o l’appartëgne streitamente a-o periodo clascico, e o finisce co-a renascion do savei (ch’a saieiva duâ pe longo tempo) into tardo secolo unze, a-o comenso do periodo de l’erta Etæ de Mezo.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
In later periods, monks were used for training administrators and churchmen.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Inti periodi ciù tardi, i moneghi vegnivan deuviæ pe formâ di amministratoî e di òmmi de gexa.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Much of the work of Aristotle was unknown in the West in this period.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Inte sto periodo a gran parte de l’euvia d’Aristòtele a l’ea desconosciua inte l’Oçidente.
Translate from English to Genoese:
Augustine is regarded as the greatest of the Church Fathers.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Agostin o l’é consciderou o ciù grande di Poæ da Gexa.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
For over a thousand years, there was hardly a Latin work of theology or philosophy that did not quote his writing, or invoke his authority.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe ciù de mill’anni no gh’é stæto squæxi manco unn’euvia latiña de teologia ò filosofia ch’a no mensunesse i seu scriti ò a l’invochesse a seu autoritæ.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
He became consul in 510 in the kingdom of the Ostrogoths.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O l’é vegnuo conso do 510 into regno di Ostrogöti.
Translate to Ligurian:
He wrote commentaries on these works, and on the Isagoge by Porphyry (a commentary on the Categories).
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O l’à scrito di commenti e de euvie in sce l’Isagoge de Porfirio (un commento a-e Categorie).
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
Around this period several doctrinal controversies emerged, such as the question of whether God had predestined some for salvation and some for damnation.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Verso sto periodo l’é emerso de controversie in sciâ dottriñe, comme a costion se o Segnô o l’avesse predestinou çertidun a-a sarvessa e di atri a-a dannaçion.
Translate to Ligurian:
Is the host the same as Christ's historical body?
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L’òstia a l’é mæxima do còrpo stòrico de Cristo?
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
This period also witnessed a revival of scholarship.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sto periodo o l’à visto ascì unna renascion de attivitæ de studio.
Translate to Ligurian:
Later, under St. Abbo of Fleury (abbot 988–1004), head of the reformed abbey school, Fleury enjoyed a second golden age.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Ciù tardi, sota Sant'Abbo di Fleury (abbou 988-1004), cappo da scheua abbaçiale reformâ, Fleury o l’à conosciuo unna segonda etæ de l’öo.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
The early 13th century witnessed the culmination of the recovery of Greek philosophy.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O comenso do secolo trezze o l’à visto o ponto ciù erto da recuperaçion da filosofia grega.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
Powerful Norman kings gathered men of knowledge from Italy and other areas into their courts as a sign of their prestige.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I potenti re normanni recuggeivan di òmmi de conoscensa da l’Italia e da atre zöne inte seu corte comme mostra do seu prestigio.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
The universities developed in the large cities of Europe during this period, and rival clerical orders within the Church began to battle for political and intellectual control over these centers of educational life.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E universcitæ s’ean sviluppæ inte gren çittæ d’Euröpa durante sto periodo e i ordini rivali do clero drento da Gexa aivan comensou à lottâ pe-o contròllo politico e intellettuale in sce sti çentri de vitta educativa.
Translate from English to Genoese:
The great representatives of Dominican thinking in this period were Albertus Magnus and (especially) Thomas Aquinas, whose artful synthesis of Greek rationalism and Christian doctrine eventually came to define Catholic philosophy.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I gren representanto do pensceo domenican inte sto periodo en stæti Aberto Magno e (mascime) Tomaxo d’Aquin; a seu abile scintexi do raçionalismo grego e da dottriña crestiaña a l’à finio pe definî a filosofia catòlica.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Aquinas showed how it was possible to incorporate much of the philosophy of Aristotle without falling into the "errors" of the Commentator Averroes.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Aquin o l’à mostrou comme l’ea poscibile incorporâ gran parte da filosofia d’Aristotele sensa cazze inti «erroî» do commentatô Averroè.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
The problem of evil: The classical philosophers had speculated on the nature of evil, but the problem of how an all-powerful, all-knowing, loving God could create a system of things in which evil exists first arose in the medieval period.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O problema do mâ: I filòsofi clascichi aivan fæto de ipòtexi in sciâ natua do mâ, ma o problema de comme unna divinitæ onnipotente, onnisciente e amosa a poesse creâ un scistema de cöse donde existe o mâ o l’é spægou pe-a primma vòtta into periodo de l’Etæ de Mezo.
Translate to Genoese:
However, from the fourteenth century onward, the increasing use of mathematical reasoning in natural philosophy prepared the way for the rise of science in the early modern period.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
À tutti i mòddi, da-o secolo quattorzen in avanti, o recorso delongo ciù frequente a-o raxonamento matematica inta filosofia naturale o l’à inandiou a stradda pe l’asceisa da sciensa into primmo periodo moderno.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
In the earlier period, writers such as Peter Abelard wrote commentaries on the works of the Old logic (Aristotle's Categories, On interpretation, and the Isagoge of Porphyry).
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Into periodo preçedente, di scrittoî comme Pietro Abelardo aivan scrito di commenti a-e euvie da vegia lògica (Categoria d’Aristòtele, In sce l’interpretaçion e l’Isagoge de Porfirio).
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
(The word 'intentionality' was revived by Franz Brentano, who was intending to reflect medieval usage).
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
(A paròlla «intençionalitæ» a l’é stæta repiggiâ da Franz Bertano, ch’o voeiva deuviâla into senso ch’a l’aiva inte l’Etæ de Mezo.)
Translate from English to Genoese:
The designation "Renaissance philosophy" is used by scholars of intellectual history to refer to the thought of the period running in Europe roughly between 1355 and 1650 (the dates shift forward for central and northern Europe and for areas such as Spanish America, India, Japan, and China under European influence).
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A denominaçion «filosofia da Renascion» a l’é stæta deuviâ da-i studioxi de stöia intelettuale pe referîse a-o pensceo do periodo ch’o core in Euröpa gròsso modo tra o 1355 e o 1650 (e dæte van in avanti pe l’Euröpa do çentro e do nòrd e pe-e aree comme l’America spagnòlla, l’India, o Giappon e a Ciña sotta l’influensa europea).
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
The assumption that Aristotle's works were foundational to an understanding of philosophy did not wane during the Renaissance, which saw a flourishing of new translations, commentaries, and other interpretations of his works, both in Latin and in the vernacular.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L’assonto che e euvie d’Aristòtele fïsan d’importansa fondamentale pe-a comprenscion da filosofia o no s’é ammermou durante a Renascion, ch’o l’à visto o sccioî de neuve tradiçioin, commenti e atre interpretaçioin de seu euvie, tanto in latin comme in vorgâ.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
The latter, similar in some ways to modern debates, examined the pros and cons of particular philosophical positions or interpretations.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sti urtimi, che pe çerti versci s’assomeggian a-e discuscioin moderne, examminavan i pro e i contra de çerte poxiçioin ò interpretaçioin filosòfiche.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Plato, known directly only through two and a half dialogues in the Middle Ages, came to be known through numerous Latin translations in fifteenth century Italy, culminating in the hugely influential translation of his complete works by Marsilio Ficino in Florence in 1484.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Platon, conosciuo direttamente solo pe doî dialoghi e mezo inte l’Etæ de Mezo, o l’ea stæto conosciua pe mezo de numerose traduçioin in latin inte l’Italia do secolo chinzen, e o l’é finio inta traduçion enormemente influente de seu euvie complete da parte de Marsilio Ficino à Firene do 1484.
Translate from English to Genoese:
Not all Renaissance humanists followed his example in all things, but Petrarch contributed to a broadening of his time's 'canon' (pagan poetry had previously been considered frivolous and dangerous), something that happened in philosophy as well.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
No tutti i umanisti da Renascion son anæti apreuvo a-o seu exempio inte ògni aspeto, ma Petrarca o l’à contribuio à inlarghî o canone do seu tempo (a poexia pagaña a l’ea stæta consciderâ in precedensa comme frivola e peigosa), cösa ch’a l’é avvegnua pe-a filosofia ascì.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
This position came under increasing strain in the Renaissance, as various thinkers claimed that Thomas's classifications were inaccurate, and that ethics were the most important part of morality.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sta poxiçion a l’é stæta missa à de preuve delongo ciù due da Renascion, perché varri pensatoî sostegnivan che e clascificaçioin de Tomou ean inesatte e che l’etica a l’ea a parte ciù importante da morale.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
As we have seen, they believed that philosophy could be brought under the wing of rhetoric.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Comme emmo visto, creddeivan che a filosofia a poesse vegnî portâ sotta l’aa da retòrica.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
In 1416–1417, Leonardo Bruni, the pre-eminent humanist of his time and chancellor of Florence, re-translated Aristotle's Ethics into a more flowing, idiomatic and classical Latin.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Do 1416-1417 Leonardo Bruni, preminente umanista do seu tempo e cançellê de Firense, o l’à torna traduto l’Etica d’Aristòtele inte un latin ciù façile da leze, idiomatico e clascico.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
The driving conviction was that philosophy should be freed of its technical jargon so that more people would be able to read it.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A convinçion prinçipâ a l’ea che besugnava liberâ a filosofia da-o seu gergo tecnico de mòddo che ciù tante persoñe poessan lezila.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
Desiderius Erasmus, the great Dutch humanist, even prepared a Greek edition of Aristotle, and eventually those teaching philosophy in the universities had to at least pretend that they knew Greek.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Desiderius Erasmus, o ciù grande umanista olandeise, o l’aiva fiña inandiou unn’ediçion grega d’Aristòtele e a-afin chi mostrava a filosofia inte universcitæ o l’aiva a-o manco da fâ mostra de conosce o grego.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Once it had been determined, however, that Italian was a language with literary merit and that it could carry the weight of philosophical discussion, numerous efforts in this direction started to appear, particularly from the 1540s onward.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
À tutti i mòddi, unna vòtta stabilio che l’italian o l’ea unna lengua con un meito lettiäio e ch’o poeiva portâ o peiso da discuscion filosòfica, l’é comensou à comparî tanti sfòrsci inte sta direçion, mascime da-i anni ’40 do Çinqueçento in avanti.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
We know that debates about the freedom of the will continued to flare up (for instance, in the famous exchanges between Erasmus and Martin Luther), that Spanish thinkers were increasingly obsessed with the notion of nobility, that duelling was a practice that generated a large literature in the sixteenth century (was it permissible or not?).
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Semmo che e discuscioin in sciâ libertæ vegnivan delongo ciù agre (comme inti famoxi scangi tra Erasmo e Martin Lutê), che i pensatoî spagnòlli ean delongo ciù ossescionæ da-a noçion de nobiltæ, che o duello a l’ea unna prattica ch’o l’à portou à unna larga lettiatua do secolo sezze (o l’ea permisso ò no?).
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
We must not forget that most philosophers of the time were at least nominal, if not devout, Christians, that the sixteenth century saw both the Protestant and the Catholic reformations, and that Renaissance philosophy culminates with the period of the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648).
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
No devimo ascordâse che a ciù parte di filòsofi de l’epoca a l’ea a-o manco costituia da crestien nominali, se no divöti, che o secolo dïsette o l’à conosciuo tanto a reforma protestante comme quella catòlica e che a filosofia da Renascion a razzonze o ponto ciù erto into periodo da Guæra di Trent’anni (1618-1648).
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
In conclusion, like any other moment in the history of thought Renaissance philosophy cannot be considered to have provided something entirely new nor to have continued for centuries to repeat the conclusions of its predecessors.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe finî, comme tutti i atri momenti da stöia do pensceo, no se peu consciderâ che a filosofia da Renascion a l’agge fornio quarcösa de neuvo do tutto e ni ch’a l’agge continuou pe di secoli à repete e concluxoin de gente vegnue primma.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
Modern philosophy is philosophy developed in the modern era and associated with modernity.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A filosofia moderna a l’é a filosofia sviluppâ inte l’era moderna e assoçiâ a-a modernitæ.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
By the 17th and 18th centuries the major figures in philosophy of mind, epistemology, and metaphysics were roughly divided into two main groups.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Di secoli dïsette e dixeutto e figue ciù importante da filosofia da mente, de l’epistemologia e da metafixica se dividdeivan, à l’ingròsso, inte doî gruppi prinçipæ.
Translate to Genoese:
The "Empiricists," by contrast, held that knowledge must begin with sensory experience.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I «empiriçisti», a-o conträio, sostegnivan che a conoscensa a ddeve comensâ con l’esperiensa di sensci.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
Other important figures in political philosophy include Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
De atre figue relevante inta filosofia politica comprendan Thomas Hobbes e Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Kant sparked a storm of philosophical work in Germany in the early nineteenth century, beginning with German idealism.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Kant o l’à descadenou unna tempesta d’attivitæ filosòfica in Germania a-o comenso do secolo dixineuve, comensando da l’idealismo tedesco.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Karl Marx appropriated both Hegel's philosophy of history and the empirical ethics dominant in Britain, transforming Hegel's ideas into a strictly materialist form, setting the grounds for the development of a science of society.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Karl Marx o s’é appropiou tanto da filosofia da stöia de Hegel comme de l’etica empirica dominante da Gran Bretagna, o l’à trasformou e idee de Hegel inte unna forma streitamente materialista e o l’à pòsto e base pe-o sviluppo de unna sciensa da soçietæ.
Translate to Ligurian:
Arthur Schopenhauer took idealism to the conclusion that the world was nothing but the futile endless interplay of images and desires, and advocated atheism and pessimism.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Arthur Schopenhauer o l’à portou l’idealismo a-a concluxon che o mondo o no l’ea nint’atro che o futile zeugo infinio de figue e dexidëi, o l’à sostegnuo l’ateismo e o pescimismo.
Translate to Genoese:
Descartes argued that many predominant Scholastic metaphysical doctrines were meaningless or false.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Cartexo o sostegniva che tante dottriñe metafixiche scolastiche dominante ean veue de senso ò donca fäse.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
He tries to set aside as much as he possibly can of all his beliefs, to determine what if anything he knows for certain.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O çerca de mette da-a parte quante ciù o peu de seu convinçioin, pe determinâ se gh’é quarcösa ch’o peu conosce con seguessa.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
From this basis he builds his knowledge back up again.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Da sta base o costruisce torna a seu conoscensa.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
While historicism also acknowledges the role of experience, it differs from empiricism by assuming that sensory data cannot be understood without considering the historical and cultural circumstances in which observations are made.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sciben che o storiçismo o reconosce o ròllo de l’esperiensa ascì, o se distingue da l’empirismo pe l’ipòtexi che i dæti di sensci no peuan vegnî compreixi sensa consciderâ e circostanse stòriche e colturale donde ven fæto e osservaçioin.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
As such empiricism is first and foremost characterized by the ideal to let observational data "speak for themselves", while the competing views are opposed to this ideal.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Inte sto senso, l’empirismo o l’é caratterizzou pe primma cösa da l’ideale de lasciâ che i dæti d’osservaçion pòssan «parlâ da soli», mentre e opinioin in concorrensa s’oppoñan à st’ideale.
Translate to Ligurian:
In other words: Empiricism as a concept has to be constructed along with other concepts, which together make it possible to make important discriminations between different ideals underlying contemporary science.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Dita à un atro mòddo: l’empirismo o dev’ëse costruto insemme à di atri conçetti, che insemme permettan de fâ de discriminaçioin importante tra ideali despægi a-a base da sciensa contemporanea.
Translate to Genoese:
Epistemologically, idealism manifests as a skepticism about the possibility of knowing any mind-independent thing.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Da-o ponto de vista epistemològico, l’idealismo o se manifesta comme un scetticismo in sciâ poscibilitæ de conosce tutte e cöse che son independente da-a mente.
Translate from English to Genoese:
It describes a process where theory is extracted from practice, and applied back to practice to form what is called intelligent practice.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O descrive un proçesso donde a teoria a ven estræta da-a prattica e applicâ torna pe formâ quella ch’a ven ciammâ prattica intelligente.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Brian Leiter (2006) webpage “Analytic” and “Continental” Philosophy.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Brian Leiter (2006) pagina web «Analytic» and «Continental» Philosophy.