ConseggioLigure/seed-instruct-eng-lij huggingface dataset:
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Royal households took essentially the same form as baronial households, although on a much larger scale and the positions were more prestigious.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E propietæ reæ piggiavan essençialimente a mæxima forma che e propietæ di baroin, sciben in sce ciù larga scaa, e e poxiçioin ean ciù prestigiose.
Translate to Ligurian:
As social centres castles were important places for display.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Comme çentri soçiæ i castelli ean pòsti importanti pe mettise in mostra.
Translate to Ligurian:
Castles have been compared with cathedrals as objects of architectural pride, and some castles incorporated gardens as ornamental features.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I castelli en stæti assomeggiæ a-e catedrale comme oggetti de orgheuggio architettuâ, e çerti castelli incorpoavan di giardin coscì comme de euvie ornamentæ.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Courtly love was the eroticisation of love between the nobility.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L'amô corteise o l'ea l'erotiçizzaçion de l'amô tra a nòbilitæ.
Translate from English to Genoese:
The legend of Tristan and Iseult is one example of stories of courtly love told in the Middle Ages.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A lezzendia do Tristan e da Isòtta o l'é un exempio de istöie de amô corteise stæte contæ inte l'Etæ de Mezo.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
The purpose of marriage between the medieval elites was to secure land.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A raxon do maiezzo tra e elites de l'Etæ de Mezo a l'ea de rende seguo o territöio.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
This derives from the image of the castle as a martial institution, but most castles in England, France, Ireland, and Scotland were never involved in conflicts or sieges, so the domestic life is a neglected facet.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sto fæto chì o ne vëgne da l'imagine do castello comme instituçion marçiâ, ma i ciù tanti castelli in Inghiltæra, Fransa, Irlanda e Scòçia no vegnivan mai coinvòlti inte de guære ò di ascidi, coscì a vitta domestega a l'é unna façettatua trascuâ.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
For instance many castles are located near Roman roads, which remained important transport routes in the Middle Ages, or could lead to the alteration or creation of new road systems in the area.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe exempio un muggio de castelli ean collocæ da-a vexin a-e stradde romañe, che ean arrestæ importante vie de traspòrto inte l'Etæ de Mezo, ò se donca portavan à l'alteraçion ò a-a creaçion de di neuvi scistemi de stradde inte l'area.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Urban castles were particularly important in controlling centres of population and production, especially with an invading force, for instance in the aftermath of the Norman Conquest of England in the 11th century the majority of royal castles were built in or near towns.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I castelli çittadin ean sorvetutto importanti pe controllâ i çentri de popolaçion e produçion, speçialemente con unna fòrsa d'invaxon, pe exempio inte conseguense da Conquista Normaña de l'Inghiltæra do secolo XI, i ciù tanti di castelli reæ en stæti tiæ sciù ò drento ò da-a vexin a-e çittæ.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
Rural castles were often associated with mills and field systems due to their role in managing the lord's estate, which gave them greater influence over resources.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I castelli de campagna ean de spesso assoçiæ con di scistemi de moin e campi in caxon do seu ròllo inte l'organizzâ a propietæ do lord, cösa chi ghe dava a ciù grande influensa sovia e resorse.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Not only were they practical in that they ensured a water supply and fresh fish, but they were a status symbol as they were expensive to build and maintain.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
No solo ean boin da asseguâ a fornitua d'ægua e pescio fresco, ma ean un status symbol apreuvo ch'ean cäi da tiâ sciù e da mantegnî.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
The benefits of castle building on settlements was not confined to Europe.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I avvantaggi de tiâ sciù castelli in scî insediamenti no ean limitæ à l'Euröpa.
Translate to Genoese:
Settlements could also grow naturally around a castle, rather than being planned, due to the benefits of proximity to an economic centre in a rural landscape and the safety given by the defences.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I insediamenti poeivan ascì cresce pe natua d'in gio à un castello, ciù fito che ëse progettæ, apreuvo a-i avvantaggi da vexinansa à un çentro econòmico inte un paisaggio de campagna e a-a seguessa dæta da-e defeise.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
They were usually located near any existing town defences, such as Roman walls, although this sometimes resulted in the demolition of structures occupying the desired site.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Ean pe commun collocæ da arente a-e defeise existente de unna çittæ, comme muage romañe, sciben che sto fæto de vòtte o resultava da-o cacciâ zu de struttue che occupavan o scito vosciuo.
Translate to Ligurian:
When the Normans invaded Ireland, Scotland, and Wales in the 11th and 12th centuries, settlement in those countries was predominantly non-urban, and the foundation of towns was often linked with the creation of a castle.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Quande o Normanni an invaso l'Irlanda, a Scòçia e o Galles de l'11° e secolo XII, e roiñe inte quelli paixi ean ciù che tutto no-urbañe, e a fondaçion de çittæ a l'ea de spesso conligâ co-a creaçion de un castello.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
This signified a close relationship between feudal lords and the Church, one of the most important institutions of medieval society.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sto fæto o voeiva dî unna streita relaçion tra I scignori feudæ e a Gexa, uña de ciù importante instituçioin da soçietæ medievâ.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Another example is that of the 14th-century Bodiam Castle, also in England; although it appears to be a state of the art, advanced castle it is in a site of little strategic importance, and the moat was shallow and more likely intended to make the site appear impressive than as a defence against mining.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Un atro exempio o l'é o Bodian Castle do secolo XIV, lê ascì inte l'Inghiltæra; con tutto ch'o pâ un castello avansou, segondo e conoscense d'aloa, o l'é inte un scito de pöca importansa strategica, e o fossou o l'ea pöco fondo e probabilemente progettou ciù pe fâ pai o pòsto imprescionante che comme unna defeisa contra e menasse.
Translate to Genoese:
Garrisons were expensive and as a result often small unless the castle was important.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E guarnixoin ean cae, e comme resultato de spesso picciñe, feua che se o castello o l'ea importante.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
In 1403, a force of 37 archers successfully defended Caernarfon Castle against two assaults by Owain Glyndŵr's allies during a long siege, demonstrating that a small force could be effective.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Do 1403, unna fòrsa de 37 arçê a l’à defeiso con successo Caernarfon Castle contra doî assati di alleæ do Owain Glyndŵr inte un longo ascidio, con demostrâ che unna fòrsa picciña a poeiva ëse d’effetto.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
Under him would have been knights who by benefit of their military training would have acted as a type of officer class.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sotta de lê ghe saieiva stæto di cavaggëi che pe-i avvantaggi da seu educaçion militâ avieivan agio comme unna smersa de classe de offiçiæ.
Translate to Genoese:
It was more efficient to starve the garrison out than to assault it, particularly for the most heavily defended sites.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L'ea ciù d'effetto fâ moî da-a famme a guarnixon che assätâla, sorvetutto pe-i sciti ciù fortemente defeixi.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
If forced to assault a castle, there were many options available to the attackers.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Se ean arregæ à aggivâ un castello, gh'ea un muggio de poscibilitæ à dispoxiçion pe-i attaccanti.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
The trebuchet, which probably evolved from the petraria in the 13th century, was the most effective siege weapon before the development of cannons.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O trabucco, che probabilmente o l'evòlve da-a petraria into secolo XIII, o l'ea a ciù megio arma d'ascidio avanti o desviluppo di cannoin.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Ballistas or springalds were siege engines that worked on the same principles as crossbows.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Balliste ò spingarde ean machine da ascidio, che fonçionavan co-o mæximo prinçipio de balestre.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
They were more commonly used against the garrison rather than the buildings of a castle.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe commun ean ciù deuviæ contra a guarnixon, ciù fito che contra e construçioin de un castello.
Translate to Ligurian:
A mine leading to the wall would be dug and once the target had been reached, the wooden supports preventing the tunnel from collapsing would be burned.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Unna miña tiâ inta miagia a se saieiva apposa e unna vòtta che o scöpo o foïse stæto seghittou, i arrembi de legno che impedivan a-a gallaria de collassâ saieivan bruxæ.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
A counter-mine could be dug towards the besiegers' tunnel; assuming the two converged, this would result in underground hand-to-hand combat.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Unna contramiña a poeiva ëse cavâ verso a gallaria di ascidianti; se se presumme che I doî convergessan, sto fæto o se concluddeiva inte un combattimento còrpo à còrpo sottotæra.
Translate from English to Genoese:
A safer option for those assaulting a castle was to use a siege tower, sometimes called a belfry.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Unna neccia ciù segua pe quelli che aggivavan un castello a l'ea de deuviâ unna tore d'ascidio, che de vòtte â ciammavan campanin.
Translate from English to Genoese:
The estates of the realm, or three estates, were the broad orders of social hierarchy used in Christendom (Christian Europe) from the Middle Ages to early modern Europe.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I stati do regno, ò trei stati, ean i larghi ordini da gerarchia soçiale addeuviæ into mondo crestian (Euröpa crestiaña) da l'Etæ de mezo fin a-a primma Euröpa moderna.
Translate to Ligurian:
The monarchy included the king and the queen, while the system was made up of clergy (the First Estate), nobles (Second Estate), peasants and bourgeoisie (Third Estate).
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A monarchia a comprendeiva o re e a regiña, incangio o scistema o l’ea compòsto da-o clero (o primmo stato), a nobiltæ (o segondo stato), i paisen e a borghexia (terso stato).
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
In England, a two-estate system evolved that combined nobility and clergy into one lordly estate with "commons" as the second estate.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
In Inghiltæra, s’é evoluo un scistema à doî stati ch’o l’à unio a nobiltæ e o clero inte un solo stato nòbile co-i «commun» comme segondo stato.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
In Scotland, the Three Estates were the Clergy (First Estate), Nobility (Second Estate), and Shire Commissioners, or "burghers" (Third Estate), representing the bourgeois, middle class, and lower class.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
In Scòçia, i trei stati ean o clero (primmo stato), a nobiltæ (segondo stato) e i commissäi da contea ò «borgheixi» (terso stato), che representavan a borghexia, a classe de mezo e a classe bassa.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
Since clergy could not marry, such mobility was theoretically limited to one generation.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Za che o clero o no poeiva sposâse, quella mobilitæ a l’ea limitâ in teoria à unna generaçion.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Huizinga The Waning of the Middle Ages (1919, 1924:47).
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Huizinga O tramonto de l’Etæ de mezo (1919, 1924:47).
Translate from English to Genoese:
Commoners were universally considered the lowest order.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E persoñe ordenäie ean tegnue da chi se segge comme l’ordine ciù basso.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
In many regions and realms there also existed population groups born outside these specifically defined resident estates.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Inte tante regioin e regni existeiva ascì di gruppi de popolaçion nasciui a-o de feua da questi stati rescidenti definii speçificamente.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
The second order, those who fight, was the rank of the politically powerful, ambitious, and dangerous.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O segondo ordine, i combattenti, o l'ea o rango de quelli influenti, ambiçioxi e inscidioxi da-o ponto de vista politico.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
In addition, the First and Second Estates relied on the labour of the Third, which made the latter's inferior status all the more glaring.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe de ciù, o primmo e o segondo stato dependeivan da-o travaggio do terso, cösa ch'a ne rendeiva ancon ciù ciæa a condiçion ciù bassa.
Translate to Genoese:
Most were born within this group and also died as a part of it.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I ciù tanti nasceivan inte sto gruppo e moivan che ne favan ancon parte.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
In May 1776, finance minister Turgot was dismissed, after failing to enact reforms.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
À mazzo do 1776, o ministro de finanse Turgot o l'é stæto scorrio, apreuvo a-o fallimento inta missa in deuvia de reforme.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
When he could not persuade them to rubber-stamp his 'ideal program', Louis XVI sought to dissolve the Estates-General, but the Third Estate held out for their right to representation.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Apreuvo ch'o no l'ea arriescio à convinsili à approvâ o seu "programma ideale", o Luiggi XVI o l'à çercou de desfâ i Stati Generali, ma o terso stato o l'à sostegnuo o drito a-a representansa.
Translate to Genoese:
Because the Parliament of Scotland was unicameral, all members sat in the same chamber, as opposed to the separate English House of Lords and House of Commons.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Dæto che o Parlamento da Scòçia o l'aiva unna camia sola, tutti i membri s'assettavan inta mæxima camia, a-o conträio che inta Camia di Lord e inta Camia di Commun ingreixi ch'ean spartie.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
As in England, the Parliament of Ireland evolved out of the Magnum Concilium "great council" summoned by the chief governor of Ireland, attended by the council (curia regis), magnates (feudal lords), and prelates (bishops and abbots).
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Comme in Inghiltæra, o Parlamento d'Irlanda o s'é evoluo da-o Magnum Concilium «gran conseggio» convocou da-o governatô cappo de l'Irlanda, co-a parteçipaçion do conseggio (curia regis), di magnati (scignoî feudali) e di prelati (vescoi e abboei).
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
In 1297, counties were first represented by elected knights of the shire (sheriffs had previously represented them).
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Do 1297, e contee son stæte representæ pe-a primma vòtta da di cavaggëi elezzui da-a contea (in passou ean stæte representæ da-i sceriffi).
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Each were free men, and had specific rights and responsibilities, and the right to send representatives to the Riksdag of the Estates.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Tutti ean di òmmi liberi, con di driti e responsabilitæ particolæ e o drito de mandâ di representanti a-o Riksdag di Stati.
Translate to Ligurian:
Prior to the 18th century, the King had the right to cast a deciding vote if the Estates were split evenly.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Avanti do secolo XVIII, o re o l'aiva o drito d'esprimme un voto decixivo se-i Stati ean spartii pægi.
Translate to Genoese:
However, after the Diet of Porvoo, the Diet of Finland was reconvened only in 1863.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Con tutto, dòppo a Dieta de Porvoo, a Dieta de Finlandia a l'é stæta convocâ torna solo do 1863.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Around 1400, letters patent were introduced, in 1561 the ranks of Count and Baron were added, and in 1625 the House of Nobility was codified as the First Estate of the land.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
D'in gio a-o 1400 l'é stæto introduto e lettie patente, do 1561 l'é stæto azzonto i ranghi de Conte e Baron e do 1625 a Cà da nobiltæ a l'é stæta codificâ comme o primmo stato do territöio.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Heads of the noble houses were hereditary members of the assembly of nobles.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I cappi de cæ di nòbili ean di membri ereditäi de l'assemblea di nòbili.
Translate to Genoese:
This resulted in great political influence for the higher nobility.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Questo o l'à conferio a-a nobiltæ ciù erta unna gran influensa politica.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
In later centuries, the estate included teachers of universities and certain state schools.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Inti secoli apreuvo o stato o comprendeiva di professoî de universcitæ e de çerte scheue statale.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Trade was allowed only in the cities when the mercantilistic ideology had got the upper hand, and the burghers had the exclusive right to conduct commerce within the framework of guilds.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O commercio o l'ea permisso solo inte çittæ quande l'ideologia mercantilistica a l'aiva piggiou o desciù e i borgheixi aivan o drito escluxivo de portâ avanti o commercio inte l'ambito de corporaçioin.
Translate to Ligurian:
In order for a settlement to become a city, a royal charter granting market right was required, and foreign trade required royally chartered staple port rights.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Perché un insediamento o vegnisse unna çittæ, l'ea neçessäio un papê do re ch'o garantisse o drito de mercou e pe-o commercio à l'estranxeo ghe voeiva i driti portuali de base conçessi da-o regno.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Since most of the population were independent farmer families until the 19th century, not serfs nor villeins, there is a remarkable difference in tradition compared to other European countries.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Za che a ciù tanta popolaçion a l'ea formâ da de famigge de paisen independenti fin a-o secolo XIX, no da di servi ò servi da gleba, gh'é unna gròssa differensa inta tradiçion à peto d'atri paixi europëi.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Their representatives to the Diet were elected indirectly: each municipality sent electors to elect the representative of an electoral district.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I seu representanti a-a Dieta vegnivan elezzui de mainea indiretta: ògni commun o mandava di elettoî pe elezze o representante de un territöio elettorale.
Translate to Genoese:
They had no political rights and could not vote.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
No aivan de driti politichi e no poeivan votâ.
Translate from English to Genoese:
In Sweden, the Riksdag of the Estates existed until it was replaced with a bicameral Riksdag in 1866, which gave political rights to anyone with a certain income or property.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
In Sveçia, o Riksdag di Stati o l'é existio fiña quande o no l'é stæto sostituio da un Riksdag con doe camie do 1866, ch'o dava di driti politichi a chi se segge chi avesse un çerto guägno ò propietæ.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
In Finland, this legal division existed until 1906, still drawing on the Swedish constitution of 1772.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
In Finlandia sta divixon legale a l'é existia fia a-o 1906, basandose ancon in sciâ constituçion svedeise do 1772.
Translate from English to Genoese:
Furthermore, the industrial workers living in the city were not represented by the four-estate system.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe de ciù, i louanti de l'industria che stavan in çittæ no ean representæ da-o scistema di quattro stati.
Translate to Genoese:
Later in the 15th and 16th centuries Brussels became the place where the States General assembled.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Ciù avanti, inti secoli XV e XVI, Bruxelles a l'é vegnua o scito donde se riuniva i Stati Generali.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
As a consequence of the Union of Utrecht in 1579 and the events that followed afterwards, the States General declared that they no longer obeyed King Philip II of Spain, who was also overlord of the Netherlands.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Comme conseguensa de l'Union d'Utrecht do 1579 e di eventi che l'é vegnuo apreuvo, i Stati Generali an deciarou de no obedî ciù a-o re Feipo II de Spagna, ch'o l'ea anche scignô di Paixi Basci.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
It was the level of government where all things were dealt with that were of concern to all the seven provinces that became part of the Republic of the United Netherlands.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Se parla do livello de governo donde ghe vegniva trattou tutte e costioin ch'aivan da fâ con tutte sette e provinse che son vegnue parte da Repubrica di Paixi Basci Unii.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
In the Southern Netherlands, the last meetings of the States General loyal to the Habsburgs took place in the Estates General of 1600 and the Estates General of 1632.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Inti Paixi Basci meridionali, inti Stati Generali do 1600 e inti Stati Generali do 1632 s'é tegnuo e urtime riunioin di Stati Generali fedeli a-i Asburgo.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
It no longer consisted of representatives of the States, let alone the Estates: all men were considered equal under the 1798 Constitution.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O no l'ea ciù formou da di representanti di Stati, ni tanto meno da-i Stati: tutti i òmmi ean tegnui pe pægi pe-a Constituçion do 1798.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
In 1815, when the Netherlands were united with Belgium and Luxemburg, the States General were divided into two chambers: the First Chamber and the Second Chamber.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Do 1815, quande i Paixi Basci son stæti missi insemme a-o Belgio e a-o Lussemburgo, i Stati Generali son stæti spartii inte doe camie: a Primma Camia e a Segonda Camia.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
From 1848 on, the Dutch Constitution provides that members of the Second Chamber be elected by the people (at first only by a limited portion of the male population; universal male and female suffrage exists since 1919), while the members of the First Chamber are chosen by the members of the States Provincial.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
À partî da-o 1848, a Constituçion olandeise a stabilisce che i membri da Segonda Camia seggian elezzui da-o pòpolo (inte un primmo momento solo che da unna parte limitâ da popolaçion mascoliña; a votaçion universale mascoliña e feminiña a l'existe da-o 1919), incangio i membri da Primma Camia en çernui da-i membri di Stati Provinsali.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
The clergy was represented by the independent prince-bishops, prince-archbishops and prince-abbots of the many monasteries.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O clero o l'ea representou da-i prinçipi-vescoi independenti, prinçipi-arçivescoi e prinçipi-abboei di tanti monestê.