ConseggioLigure/seed-instruct-eng-lij huggingface dataset:
Translate to Ligurian:
Both natural and social sciences are empirical sciences, as their knowledge is based on empirical observations and is capable of being tested for its validity by other researchers working under the same conditions.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E sciense naturale tanto comme quelle soçiale son de sciense empiriche apreuvo che e seu conoscense se basan in sce de osservaçioin empiriche e a validitæ a peu ëse verificâ da di atri reçercatoî che louan inte mæxime condiçioin.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
For example, physical science can be subdivided into physics, chemistry, astronomy, and earth science.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe exempio, a sciensa fixica a peu ëse spartia inte fixica, chimica, astronomia e sciense da tæra.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
Still, philosophical perspectives, conjectures, and presuppositions, often overlooked, remain necessary in natural science.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Con tutto, e prospettive filosòfiche, e congettue e i presoppòsti, de spesso lasciæ stâ, arrestan neçessäi inte sciense naturale.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
It includes mathematics, systems theory, and theoretical computer science.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A comprende a matematica, a teoria di scistemi e l'informatica teòrica.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
The formal sciences are therefore a priori disciplines and because of this, there is disagreement on whether they actually constitute a science.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe questo e sciense formale son de discipliñe a priori e pe sta raxon gh'é da discuscion in sciô fæto che forman de fæto unna sciensa.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
Engineering itself encompasses a range of more specialized fields of engineering, each with a more specific emphasis on particular areas of applied mathematics, science, and types of application.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L'inzegneria à seu vòtta a comprende unna gamma de campi ciù speçializzæ che l'inzegneria, ognidun con un açento ciù particolâ in sce di settoî particolæ da matematica applicâ, da sciensa e di tipi d'applicaçion.
Translate from English to Genoese:
he responded: "Sir, what is the use of a new-born child?".
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
o l'à replicou: «Scignô, à cöse serve un figgeu da nascion?».
Translate from English to Ligurian:
This new explanation is used to make falsifiable predictions that are testable by experiment or observation.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sta neuva esplicaçion a ven deuviâ pe fâ de previxoin da poei rende fäse che peuan ëse verificæ pe mezo d'esperimenti ò de osservaçioin.
Translate from English to Genoese:
This is done partly through observation of natural phenomena, but also through experimentation that tries to simulate natural events under controlled conditions as appropriate to the discipline (in the observational sciences, such as astronomy or geology, a predicted observation might take the place of a controlled experiment).
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Questo o l'avvëgne in parte pe mezo de l'osservaçion de fenòmeni naturali, ma anche pe mezo da sperimentaçion, che çerca de scimolâ di eventi naturali in condiçioin controllæ de mainea adattâ a-a discipliña (inte sciense de l'osservaçion, comme l'astronomia ò a geologia, unn'osservaçion prevista a peu sostituî un esperimento controllou).
Translate from English to Ligurian:
If the hypothesis survived testing, it may become adopted into the framework of a scientific theory, a logically reasoned, self-consistent model or framework for describing the behavior of certain natural phenomena.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Se l'ipòtexi a passa a verifica, a peu ëse adottâ inta struttua de unna teoria scientifica, unna struttua ò un modelo autoconscistente e raxonou logicamente pe-a descriçion do comportamento de çerti fenòmeni naturali.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
In that vein, theories are formulated according to most of the same scientific principles as hypotheses.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Inte sto ponto de vista, e teorie vëgnan formolæ in base a-i ciù tanti di mæximi prinçippi scientifichi de ipòtexi.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
This can be achieved by careful experimental design, transparency, and a thorough peer review process of the experimental results as well as any conclusions.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
À sto propòxito se ghe peu arrivâ pe mezo de unna progettaçion sperimentale ben cuâ, trasparensa e un proçesso approfondio de revixon tra di pægi di exiti sperimentali e de concluxoin.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Statistics, a branch of mathematics, is used to summarize and analyze data, which allow scientists to assess the reliability and variability of their experimental results.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A statistica, unna branca da matematica, a vëgne addeuviâ pe elencâ torna e analizzâ i dæti, cösa ch'a permette a-i sciensiæ d'astimmâ l'affidabilitæ e a variabilitæ di exiti sperimentali.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
It can be contrasted with anti-realism, the view that the success of science does not depend on it being accurate about unobservable entities such as electrons.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
À sto critëio se contrapoñe l'antirealiximo, a vixon che a boña riëscia de sciensa a no depende da quante a l'é preçisa a-o confronto con de entitæ no osservabile comme i elettroin.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
There are different schools of thought in the philosophy of science.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Existe ciù scheue de pensceo inta filosofia da sciensa.
Translate to Ligurian:
This is necessary because the number of predictions those theories make is infinite, which means that they cannot be known from the finite amount of evidence using deductive logic only.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Questo o l'é neçessäio perché o numero de previxoin fæte da ste teorie o l'é infinito, ch'oi veu dî che no peuan ëse conosciue da-a quantitæ limitâ de preuve deuviando solo che a lògica deduttiva.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Critical rationalism is a contrasting 20th-century approach to science, first defined by Austrian-British philosopher Karl Popper.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O raçionaliximo critico o l'é un critëio contrastante do secolo XX a-a sciensa, definio pe-a primma vòtta da-o filòsofo austro-britannico Karl Popper.
Translate to Ligurian:
Popper proposed replacing verifiability with falsifiability as the landmark of scientific theories and replacing induction with falsification as the empirical method.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O Popper o proponeiva de sostituî a poscibilitæ de verificâ co-a poscibilitæ de fäscificâ comme base de teorie scientifiche e de sostituî l'induçion co-a fäscificaçion comme metodo empirico.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Another approach, instrumentalism, emphasizes the utility of theories as instruments for explaining and predicting phenomena.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Un atro critëio, o strumentaliximo, o mette in luxe l'utilitæ de teorie comme di strumenti pe ascciæî e prevedde i fenòmeni.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
Close to instrumentalism is constructive empiricism, according to which the main criterion for the success of a scientific theory is whether what it says about observable entities is true.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Someggiante a-o strumentaliximo o l'é l'empiriximo costruttivo, segondo o quæ o critëio prinçipâ pe-o bon exito de unna teoria scientifica o l'é se quello ch'a l'à afferma in scê entitæ osservabile o l'é veo.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Each paradigm has its own distinct questions, aims, and interpretations.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Ciaschedun paradigma o l'à e seu domande, finalitæ e interpretaçioin particolæ.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
That is, the choice of a new paradigm is based on observations, even though those observations are made against the background of the old paradigm.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
In atre poule, a çernia de un neuvo paradigma a l'é basa in scê osservaçioin, ascì che ste osservaçioin se fan into contesto do vegio paradigma.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Its main point is that a difference between natural and supernatural explanations should be made and that science should be restricted methodologically to natural explanations.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O ponto prinçipâ o l'é che dev'ëse fæto unna differensa tra esplicaçioin naturale e sorvianaturale e che a sciensa e dev'ëse metodologicamente limitâ a-e esplicaçioin naturale.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
That is, no theory is ever considered strictly certain as science accepts the concept of fallibilism.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Donca, nisciuña teoria a l'é mai tegnua pe segua in davei perché a sciensa a l'açetta o conçetto de poscibilitæ de fallî.
Translate from English to Genoese:
New scientific knowledge rarely results in vast changes in our understanding.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Unna neuva conoscensa scientifica de ræo a genera di cangiamenti importanti inta nòstra comprenscion.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
Knowledge in science is gained by a gradual synthesis of information from different experiments by various researchers across different branches of science; it is more like a climb than a leap.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A conoscensa inta sciensa a s'ottëgne con unna scintexi passo à passo de informaçioin che ne vëgnan da di esperimenti differenti fæti da ciù reçercatoî inte ciù branche da sciensa; a s'assomeggia ciù à unn'arrampinâ che à un sato.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Philosopher Barry Stroud adds that, although the best definition for "knowledge" is contested, being skeptical and entertaining the possibility that one is incorrect is compatible with being correct.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O filòsofo Barry Stroud o l'azzonze che, scibene che a definiçion megio de «conoscensa» a l'é contestâ, l'ëse scettichi e piggiâ in conscideraçion a poscibilitæ d'inarâse a peu anâ da pao con l'aveighe raxon.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
This is especially the case in the more macroscopic fields of science (e.g. psychology, physical cosmology).
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sto chì o vâ mascime inti campi ciù macroscòpichi da sciensa (pe exempio, pscicologia, cosmologia fixica).
Translate to Genoese:
Since that time the total number of active periodicals has steadily increased.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Da alantô o numero totale de reviste attive o l'é montou de mainea costante.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
Although the journals are in 39 languages, 91 percent of the indexed articles are published in English.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sciben che e reviste seggian in 39 lengue, o 91% di articoli elencæ o l'é pubricou in ingreise.
Translate to Genoese:
Science magazines such as New Scientist, Science & Vie, and Scientific American cater to the needs of a much wider readership and provide a non-technical summary of popular areas of research, including notable discoveries and advances in certain fields of research.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E reviste scientifiche comme New Scientist, Science & Vie e Scientific American satisfan e exigense de un numero ben ben ciù largo de lettoî e òffran unna scintexi no tecnica di settoî de reçerca ciù studiæ, compreiso de importante descoverte e progresci inte çerti campi de reçerca.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
Various types of commercial advertising, ranging from hype to fraud, may fall into these categories.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Ciù tipi differenti de reclan commerciale, da-a propaganda montâ à l'imbròggio, peuan stâ drento à ste categorie.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
Many scientists pursue careers in various sectors of the economy such as academia, industry, government, and nonprofit organizations.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Tanti sciensiæ intraprendan un percorso inte di settoî differenti de l'economia comme o mondo academico, l'industria o governo e e organizzaçioin sensa finalitæ de guägno.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
For example, Christine Ladd (1847–1930) was able to enter a Ph.D. program as "C. Ladd"; Christine "Kitty" Ladd completed the requirements in 1882, but was awarded her degree only in 1926, after a career which spanned the algebra of logic (see truth table), color vision, and psychology.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe exempio, a Christine Ladd (1847-1930) a l'à arriëscio à ëse ammissa à un dottorato de reçerca comme comme «C. Ladd»; Christine «Kitty» Ladd a l'à finio tutto o programma che ghe voeiva do 1882, ma ghe s'é consegnou offiçialmente a laurea solo do 1926, dòppo un percorso into quæ a l'à dæto a mente à algebra da lògica (ammia tabella de veitæ), vixon di coî e pscicologia.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some scientific credentials, or may be an honor conferred by election.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L'inscriçion a peu ëse averta à tutti, a peu domandâ d'aveighe de referense scientifiche ò a peu ëse un onô conferio pe eleçion.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Science policy thus deals with the entire domain of issues that involve the natural sciences.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A politica da sciensa a dà a mente donca a-o domino intrego di problemi ch'an da fâ co-e sciense naturale.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Prominent historical examples include the Great Wall of China, completed over the course of two millennia through the state support of several dynasties, and the Grand Canal of the Yangtze River, an immense feat of hydraulic engineering begun by Sunshu Ao (孫叔敖 7th cent.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Di exempi stòrichi importanti comprendan a Gran Miagia Cineise, finia into gio de doe miggiæa d'anni graçie à l'arrembo statale de ciù dinastie differente, e o Gran canâ do sciumme Yangtze, un grandiscimo travaggio d'inzegneria idraulica comensou da-oSunshu Ao (孫叔敖 sec. VII).
Translate to Genoese:
Such processes, which are run by government, corporations, or foundations, allocate scarce funds.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sti proçesci chì, gestii da-o governo, de soçietæ ò de fondaçioin, mettan di fondi ræi.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
The government funding proportion in certain industries is higher, and it dominates research in social science and humanities.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A proporçion di finançiamenti governativi inte çerti settoî a l'é ciù erta e a dòmina a reçerca inte sciense soçiale e umanistiche.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
Many factors can act as facets of the politicization of science such as populist anti-intellectualism, perceived threats to religious beliefs, postmodernist subjectivism, and fear for business interests.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Tanti fattoî peuan formâ de parte da politiçizzaçion da sciensa comme l'anti-intellettualiximo popolista, e menasse perçepie a-e convinçioin religiose, o soggettiviximo pòstomoderno e a poia pe-i interesci commerciali.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
An experiment is a procedure carried out to support or refute a hypothesis.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Un esperimento o l'é unna proçedua fæta pe sostegnî ò contradî unn'ipòtexi.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
Experiments can raise test scores and help a student become more engaged and interested in the material they are learning, especially when used over time.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I esperimenti peuan fâ cresce i pontezzi di exammi e aggiuttâ un studente à ëse ciù tiou drento e interessou a-a matëia ch'o l'imprende, sorviatutto se addeuviæ co-o tempo.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Experiments typically include controls, which are designed to minimize the effects of variables other than the single independent variable.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I esperimenti de nòrma comprendan i contròlli, ch'en progettæ pe redue a-o minimo i effetti de variabile despæge da-a variabile sencia independente.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Researchers also use experimentation to test existing theories or new hypotheses to support or disprove them.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I reçercatoî addeuvian a sperimentaçion anche pe verificâ de teorie ch'existan ò de neuve ipòtexi con l'intençion de sostegnîle ò contradîle.
Translate from English to Genoese:
If an experiment is carefully conducted, the results usually either support or disprove the hypothesis.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Se un esperimento o ven portou avanti con cua, i exiti pe commun sostëgnan ò contradixan l'ipòtexi.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
In medicine and the social sciences, the prevalence of experimental research varies widely across disciplines.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
In mëxiña e sciense soçiale, o prevai da reçerca sperimentale o cangia do bello tra e discipliñe.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
A single study typically does not involve replications of the experiment, but separate studies may be aggregated through systematic review and meta-analysis.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Un studio da solo pe commun o no prevedde de repliche de l'esperimento, ma di studdi à parte peuan ëse missi insemme pe mezo da revixon scistematica e a meta-analixi.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
We may in this way eventually come to the truth that gratifies the heart and gradually and carefully reach the end at which certainty appears; while through criticism and caution we may seize the truth that dispels disagreement and resolves doubtful matters.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
De sta mainea poemmo avvexinâse in sciâ fin a-a veitæ ch'a resciöa o cheu e cian cianin e con attençion arrivâ a-a fin donde a seguessa a comparisce, incangio co-a critica e con l'avvertensa poemmo cheugge a veitæ ch'a fa scentâ a discordansa e a destriga e costioin con di dubbi.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
In this process of critical consideration, the man himself should not forget that he tends to subjective opinions—through "prejudices" and "leniency"—and thus has to be critical about his own way of building hypotheses.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Inte sto proçesso de conscideraçion critica, l'òmmo mæximo o no deve ascordâse ch'o tende à de opinioin soggettivi, pe mezo de «pregiudiçi» e «condiscendensa» e donca o dev'ëse critico in sciâ seu mainea de creâ de ipòtexi.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
Bacon wanted a method that relied on repeatable observations, or experiments.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O Bacon o voeiva un metodo ch'o se fondesse in sce de osservaçioin da poei fâ torna ò di esperimenti.
Translate from English to Genoese:
For example, Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) accurately measured time and experimented to make accurate measurements and conclusions about the speed of a falling body.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe exempio, o Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) o l'à mesuou con cua o tempo e o l'à sperimentou pe ottegnî de mesue e de concluxoin pe menuo in sciâ speditessa de un còrpo ch'o cazze.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
In some disciplines (e.g., psychology or political science), a 'true experiment' is a method of social research in which there are two kinds of variables.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Inte çerte discipliñe (comme a pscicologia ò e sciense politich), un "veo esperimento" o l'é un metodo de reçerca soçiale donde gh'é doî tipi de variabile.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
A good example would be a drug trial.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Un exempio bon o peu ëse a sperimentaçion de unna mëxiña.
Translate to Genoese:
The results from replicate samples can often be averaged, or if one of the replicates is obviously inconsistent with the results from the other samples, it can be discarded as being the result of an experimental error (some step of the test procedure may have been mistakenly omitted for that sample).
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe-i exiti de campioin resegondæ de sovente se peu carcolâ unna media ò ascì se un di resengonæ o no l'é coerente de mainea ciæa co-i exiti di atri campioin o peu ëse scartou comme exito de un errô sperimentale (çerti passaggi da proçedua de verifica porrieivan ëse stæti tralasciæ pe errô pe quello campion).
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
A negative control is known to give a negative result.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Un contròllo negativo o l'à a fonçion de produe un exito negativo.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Most often the value of the negative control is treated as a "background" value to subtract from the test sample results.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Ben ben de spesso a varsciua do contròllo negativo a l'é trattâ comme varsciua de «sfondo» da levâ a-i exiti di campioin provæ.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Students might be given a fluid sample containing an unknown (to the student) amount of protein.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A-i studenti se ghe peu assegnâ un campion de fluido ch'o contëgne unna quantitæ no conosciua (pe-o studente) de proteiña.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Students could make several positive control samples containing various dilutions of the protein standard.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I studenti peuan realizzâ ciù campioin de contròllo poxitivo che contëgnan de diluiçioin differente do standard da proteiña.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
In this case, the experiment begins by creating two or more sample groups that are probabilistically equivalent, which means that measurements of traits should be similar among the groups and that the groups should respond in the same manner if given the same treatment.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Inte sto caxo, l'esperimento o comensa con creâ doî ò ciù gruppi de campioin che pe probabilitæ van o mæximo, ch'o veu dî che e mesue de caratteristiche devan assomeggiâse tra i gruppi e che i gruppi devan responde o mæximo se missi sotta o mæximo trattamento.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
Once equivalent groups have been formed, the experimenter tries to treat them identically except for the one variable that he or she wishes to isolate.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Dòppo formou di gruppi che van o mæximo, o sperimentatô o çerca de trattâli de mainea identica levou l'unica variabile ch'o veu isoâ.
Translate to Genoese:
This ensures that any effects on the volunteer are due to the treatment itself and are not a response to the knowledge that he is being treated.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
De sta mainea se garantisce che i poscibili effetti in sciô volontäio seggian dovui a-o trattamento mæximo e no seggian unna respòsta a-o savei d'ëse sottopòsto à un trattamento.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
These hypotheses suggest reasons to explain a phenomenon, or predict the results of an action.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Ste ipòtexi conseggian e raxoin pe ascciæî un fenòmeno ò prevedde i exiti de unn'açion.
Translate to Genoese:
To the degree possible, they attempt to collect data for the system in such a way that contribution from all variables can be determined, and where the effects of variation in certain variables remain approximately constant so that the effects of other variables can be discerned.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe quello che se peu, çercan d'arrecheugge i dæti pe-o scistema de mainea che se pòsse determinâ o contributo de tutte e variabile e che i effetti da variaçion de çerte variabile arrestan pöcassæ costanti coscì che se pòsse distingue i effetti da-e atre variabile.