ConseggioLigure/seed-instruct-eng-lij huggingface dataset:
Translate from English to Genoese:
The majority of schools under the jurisdiction of the Basque education system use Basque as the primary medium of teaching.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E ciù tante scheue sotta a giurisdiçion do scistema educativo basco addeuvian a lengua basca comme o mezo d’insegnamento primmäio.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
In contrast, the desire for greater autonomy or independence is particularly common among leftist Basque nationalists.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A-a reversa, o dexidëio de ciù autonomia ò independensa o l'é ben ben in veuga tra i naçionalisti baschi de manciña.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
They regard themselves as culturally and especially linguistically distinct from their surrounding neighbours.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Se tëgnan pe coltua e sorviatutto pe lengua pe despægi da-i seu vexin.
Translate to Genoese:
Miguel de Unamuno was a noted novelist and philosopher of the late 19th and the 20th century.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O Miguel de Unamuno o l'é stæto un romansê e filòsofo conosciuo visciuo tra a fin do secolo XIX e o XX.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
He also founded the Chilean Trade Union Association to promote a union movement based on the social teachings of the Catholic Church.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O l'à fondou ascì l'Assoçiaçion scindicale cileña pe promeuve un movimento scindicale basou in scî insegnamenti soçiali da Gexa catòlica.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
The historical presence of the San in Botswana is particularly evident in northern Botswana's Tsodilo Hills region.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A presensa stòrica di San in Botswana a l'é ciæa sorviatutto inta region de colliñe de Tsodilo, into Botswana settentrionale.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
From the 1950s through to the 1990s, San communities switched to farming because of government-mandated modernisation programs.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Da-i anni '50 a-i anni '90, e communitæ San son passæ à l'agricoltua pe caxon di programmi de modernizzaçion impòsti da-o governo.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
Certain San groups are one of 14 known extant "ancestral population clusters"; that is, "groups of populations with common genetic ancestry, who share ethnicity and similarities in both their culture and the properties of their languages".
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Çerti gruppi San sono un di 14 «cluster de popolaçioin antighe» ch'existe conosciui; saieiva à dî, «di gruppi de popolaçioin con di antighi genetihci commun, che scompartiscian etniçitæ e someggianse segge inta seu coltua segge inte caratteristiche de seu lengue».
Translate from English to Genoese:
Representatives of San peoples in 2003 stated their preference of the use of such individual group names where possible over the use of the collective term San.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Di representanti de popolaçioin San do 2003 an deciarou che gh'é ciù cao l'uso de quelli nommi de gruppi de pe loiatri, donde se peu, à peto de l'uso do termine collettivo San.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
I continued to use Bushman, and I was publicly corrected several times by the righteous.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Son anæto avanti à addeuviâ o termine bosciman, e son stæto correzuo pubricamente da-i giusti.
Translate to Ligurian:
Instead, the San Council's representative was adamant that no hurt or harm was caused to them or the San community with the manner in which (Die Burger) published the word 'boesman'."
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A-o conträio, o representante do Conseggio San o l'à deciarou de mainea ferma che no l'ea stæto fæto nisciun danno ò offeisa à loiatri ò a-a communitæ San da-a mainea che (Die Burger) a l'à pubricou a poula "boesman".
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
San kinship is comparable to Eskimo kinship, with the same set of terms as in European cultures, but also uses a name rule and an age rule.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O pæntou san o no se peu confrontâ co-o pæntou eschimeise, co-o mæximo gruppo de termini de coltue europee, ma a l'addeuviâ ascì unna regola pe-i nommi e unna regola pe l'etæ.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Children have no social duties besides playing, and leisure is very important to San of all ages.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I figgeu no gh'an de dovei soçiali ciù che o zeugo, e a demoa a l'é ben ben importante pe-i San de tutte e etæ.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
They make important family and group decisions and claim ownership of water holes and foraging areas.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Piggian de deçixoin importante de famiggia e de gruppo e revendican a propietæ de posse d'ægua e zöne de foraggiamento.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
Droughts may last many months and waterholes may dry up.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A seçia a peu duâ pe ben ben di meixi e e posse d'ægua se peuan sciugâ.
Translate to Ligurian:
Into this hole is inserted a long hollow grass stem.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Inte sto beuggio ghe vëgne misso unna longa gamba d'erba cava.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Early spring is the hardest season: a hot dry period following the cool, dry winter.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Lincomenso da primmaveia o l'é a saxon ciù dua: un periodo cado e secco ch'o vëgne apreuvo à l'inverno fresco e secco.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
Depending on location, the San consume 18 to 104 species, including grasshoppers, beetles, caterpillars, moths, butterflies, and termites.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
À segonda do pòsto, i San consumman da-e 18 a-e 104 speçie, tra e quæ cattainette, coleòtteri, ombrighi, parpaggioñe, farfalle e termite.
Translate to Genoese:
These haplogroups are specific sub-groups of haplogroups A and B, the two earliest branches on the human Y-chromosome tree.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Questi aplogruppi son di sottogruppi particolæ di aplogruppi A e B, e doe ramme ciù antighe de l'erbo do cromosöma Y uman.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
The most divergent (oldest) mitochondrial haplogroup, L0d, has been identified at its highest frequencies in the southern African San groups.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L'aplogruppo mitocondriale ciù differente (ciù antigo), L0d, o l'é stæto individuou con ciù erta frequensa inti gruppi San de l'Africa meridionale.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
The San have been particularly affected by encroachment by majority peoples and non-indigenous farmers onto land traditionally occupied by San people.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I San son stæti ben ben corpii da l'occupaçion, da parte de popolaçioin maggioritäie e paisen no indigeni, de tære occupæ pe tradiçion da-o pòpolo San.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Loss of land is a major contributor to the problems facing Botswana's indigenous people, including especially the San's eviction from the Central Kalahari Game Reserve.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A perdia de tæra a l'é uña de caxoin prinçipæ di problemi ch'affronta e popolaçioin indigene do Botswana, tra e quæ in particolâ a scorria di San da Reserva faunistica do Kalahari çentrale.
Translate from English to Genoese:
This would award royalties to the San for the benefits of their indigenous knowledge.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sto chì o l'avieva assegnou de royalties a-i San pe-i avvantaggi da seu conoscensa indigeni.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
Van der Post grew up in South Africa, and had a respectful lifelong fascination with native African cultures.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O Van der Post o l'é cresciua in Sudafrica e pe tutta a vitta o l'é stæto abbarlugou con respetto da-e coltue native africañe.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
Driven by a lifelong fascination with this "vanished tribe", Van der Post published a 1958 book about this expedition, entitled The Lost World of the Kalahari.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sponciou da un barlugo ch'o l'é duou pe tutta a vitta pe sta «tribù scentâ», o Van der Post o l'à pubricou do 1958 un libbro in sce questa spediçion, intitolou O mondo perduo do Kalahari.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
His early film The Hunters, released in 1957, shows a giraffe hunt.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O seu primmo cine The Hunters, sciortio do 1957, o mostra unna caccia a-a giraffa.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
His sister Elizabeth Marshall Thomas wrote several books and numerous articles about the San, based in part on her experiences living with these people when their culture was still intact.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Seu seu Elizabeth Marshall Thomas a l'à scrito ciù libbri e ben ben di articoli in scî San, basæ in parte in scê seu esperiense de vitta con ste persoñe quande a seu coltua a l'ea ancon intrega.
Translate from English to Genoese:
This was reviewed by Lawrence Van Gelder for the New York Times, who said that the film "constitutes an act of preservation and a requiem".
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Questo o l'é stæto reçenscio da-o Lawrence Van Gelder pe-o New York Times, o quæ o l'à deciarou che o cine «o forma un atto de conservaçion e un requiem».
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
The film was directed by Jamie Uys, who returned to the San a decade later with The Gods Must Be Crazy, which proved to be an international hit.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O cine o l'é stæto diretto da-o Jamie Uys, ch'o l'é tornou da-i San un dex'anni apreuvo con The Gods Must Be Crazy, ch'o s'é descoverto unna vittöia internaçionale.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
James A. Michener's The Covenant (1980), is a work of historical fiction centered on South Africa.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
The Covenant (L'alleanza, 1980), do James A. Michener, o l'é un travaggio narrativo stòrico inçentrou in sciô Sud Africa.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
Norman Rush's 1991 novel Mating features an encampment of Basarwa near the (imaginary) Botswana town where the main action is set.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O romanso do Norman Rush do 1991, Mating, o presenta un accampamento de Basarwa vexin a-a çittæ (imaginäia) do Botswana donde l'é ambientou l'açion prinçipâ.
Translate to Genoese:
In 2007, David Gilman published The Devil's Breath.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Do 2007, o David Gilman o l'à pubricou The Devil's Breath (O respio do diao).
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
The fiancé of the protagonist of The No.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O galante da protagonista de The No.
Translate to Genoese:
The Germanic peoples were a historical group of people living in Central Europe and Scandinavia.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I pòpoli germanichi ean un gruppo stòrico de persoñe che viveivan inte l'Euröpa çentrale e in Scandinavia.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
In discussions of the Roman period, the Germanic peoples are sometimes referred to as Germani or ancient Germans, although many scholars consider the second term problematic, since it suggests identity with modern Germans.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Inte discuscion relative a-o periodo roman, i pòpoli germanichi de vòtte vëgnan indicæ comme Germoen ò antighi todeschi, sciben che tanti studioxi tëgnan pe problematico o segondo termine, za ch'o pâ intende l'identificaçion co-i todeschi moderni.
Translate from English to Genoese:
In contrast, Roman authors first described Germanic peoples near the Rhine at the time the Roman Empire established its dominance in that region.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A-o conträio, i autoî romoen an descrito pe-a primma vòtta i pòpoli germanichi vexin a-o Ren a-o tempo che l'impëio roman o l'à stabilio o seu dominio inte quella region.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Roman efforts to integrate the large area between Rhine and Elbe ended around 16 CE, following the major Roman defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in 9 CE.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I sfòrsci di Romoen pe azzonze a gran region tra o Ren e l'Elba son finii d'in gio a-o 16 d.C., apreuvo a-a gran perdia romaña inta battaggia da Foresta de Teutoburgo do 9 d.C.
Translate to Ligurian:
In the 3rd century the Germanic-speaking Goths dominated the Pontic Steppe, outside Germania, and launched a series of sea expeditions into the Balkans and Anatolia as far as Cyprus.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Into secolo III i Göti de lengua germanica an dominou a steppa pontica, a-o de feua da Germania, e an comensou unna fia de spediçioin pe mâ inti Balcani e in Anatòlia fin à Çipro.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Archaeology instead shows a complex society and economy throughout Germania.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L'archeologia a mostra incangio unna soçietæ e unn'economia complesse inte tutta a Germania.
Translate to Genoese:
Traditionally, the Germanic peoples have been seen as possessing a law dominated by the concepts of feuding and blood compensation.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe tradiçion, i pòpoli germanichi son stæti visti comme i detentoî de unna lezze dominâ da-i conçetti de faida e de compenso de sangue.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
The ancient Germanic-speaking peoples probably shared a common poetic tradition, alliterative verse, and later Germanic peoples also shared legends originating in the Migration Period.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I antighi pòpoli de lengua germanica l'é bon che scompartissan unna tradiçion poetica commun, di versci allitterativi, e ciù tardi i pòpoli germanichi an scompartio de lezendie ascì nasciue into periodo de migraçioin.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
Regardless of its language of origin, the name was transmitted to the Romans via Celtic speakers.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sensa dâ a mente a-a seu lengua d'origine, o nomme o l'é stæto trasmisso a-i Romoen pe mezo de parlanti çeltichi.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
By late antiquity, only peoples near the Rhine, especially the Franks, and sometimes the Alemanni, were called Germani by Latin or Greek writers.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Inte l'antighitæ tarda, solo che a-i pòpoli vexin a-o Ren, sorviatutto i Franchi e de vòtte i Alemanni, se ghe diva Germoen da-i scrittoî latin ò greghi.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
While Roman authors did not consistently exclude Celtic speaking-people, or treat the Germanic peoples as the name of a people, this new definition, by using Germanic language as the main criterion, understood the Germani as a people or nation with a stable group identity linked to language.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Ascì che i autoî romoen no tegnivan feua delongo e persoñe de lengua çeltica, ni tegnivan e popolaçion germaniche pe-o nomme de un pòpolo, sta neuva definiçion, con deuviâ a lengua germanica comme critëio prinçipâ, a l'à inteiso i Germoen comme un pòpolo ò naçion, con unn'identitæ de gruppo stabile ligâ a-a lengua.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Some scholars studying the Early Middle Ages now stress the question of whether the Germanic peoples saw themselves as an ethnic unity, while others point to the existence of Germanic languages as a historical fact that can be used to identify Germanic peoples, regardless of whether they saw themselves as "Germanic".
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Çerti studioxi de l'Erta Etæ de mezo oua poñan a costion se i pòpoli germanichi se tegnissan pe unn'unitæ etnica, incangio di atri indican l'existensa de lengue germaniche comme un fæto stòrico ch'o peu ëse addeuviou pe identificâ i pòpoli germanichi, sensa dâ a mente a-o fæto che sti chì se tegnissan loiatri mæximi pe «germanichi».
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
In Caesar's account, the clearest defining characteristic of the Germani people was that they lived east of the Rhine, opposite Gaul on the west side, an observation he made with historical digressions in his writing.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Inta conta do Cesare, a caratteristica distintiva ciù ciæa do pòpolo di Germoen a l'ea ch'o viveiva à Levante do Ren, promê a-a Gallia in sciô lou de Ponente, unn'osservaçion ch'o l'à fæto con de digrescioin stòriche inti seu scriti.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Tacitus was at times unsure whether a people were Germanic or not, expressing his uncertainty about the Bastarnae, who he says looked like Sarmatians but spoke like the Germani, about the Osi and the Cotini, and about the Aesti, who were like Suebi but spoke a different language.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O Tacito e vòtte o no l'ea seguo se un pòpolo o fïse germanico ò no, esprimmendo o seu dubio in scî Bastarni, ch'o dixe che s'assomeggessan a-i Sarmati ma parlavan comme i Germoen, in scî Osii e in scî Cotin, e in scî Esti, ch'ean comme i Svevi ma parlavan unna lengua despægia.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
The Upper Danube served as a southern border.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L'Erto Danubio o fonçionava comme un confin meridionale.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
It is unclear if these Germani spoke a Germanic language, and they may have been Celtic speakers instead.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
No l'é ciæo se sti Germoen parlessan unna lengua germanica e porrieivan ëse stæti incangio de lengua çeltica.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Tacitus continues to mention Germanic tribes on the west bank of the Rhine in the period of the early Empire, such as the Tungri, Nemetes, Ubii, and the Batavi.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O Tacito o va avanti à minsonâ de tribù germaniche in sciâ riva de Ponente do Ren into periodo do primmo impëio, comme i Tungri, i Nemeti, i Ubi e i Batavi.
Translate from English to Genoese:
Inspired by this, these three groups are also sometimes used in older modern linguistic terminology, attempting to describe the divisions of later Germanic languages.)
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe sta raxon, sti trei gruppi son addeuviæ de vòtte anche inta terminologia linguistica moderna ciù antiga, into çercâ de descrive e spartiçioin de lengue germaniche vegnue apreuvo.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
Herminones or Hermiones in the interior, included the Suevi, the Hermunduri, the Chatti, the Cherusci according to Pliny.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Herminones ò Erminoin inte l'entrotæra, comprendeivan i Svevi, i Hermunduri, i Chatti, i Cherusci, segondo o Plinio.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
On the other hand, Tacitus wrote in the same passage that some believe that there are other groups which are just as old as these three, including "the Marsi, Gambrivii, Suevi, Vandilii".
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
D'atro canto, o Tacito o l'à scrito into mæximo passo che gh'é de quelli che pensan che ghe segge di atri gruppi ch'an a mæxima etæ de sti trei, tra i quæ «i Marsci, i Gambrivi, i Svevi, i Vandali».
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Strabo, who focused mainly on Germani between the Elbe and Rhine, and does not mention the sons of Mannus, also set apart the names of Germani who are not Suevian, in two other groups, similarly implying three main divisions: "smaller German tribes, as the Cherusci, Chatti, Gamabrivi, Chattuarii, and next the ocean the Sicambri, Chaubi, Bructeri, Cimbri, Cauci, Caulci, Campsiani".
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O Strabon, ch'o s'é conçentrou sorviatutto in scî Germoen tra l'Elba e o Ren, e o no minsoña i figgi de Mannus, o l'à distinto anche inte doî atri gruppi i nommi di Germoen che no son Svevi, comportando da mæxima træ spartiçioin prinçipæ: «tribù germañe ciù picciñe, comme Cherusci, Chatti, Gambrivi, Chattuarii, e vexin à l'oçeano Sicambri, Chaubi, Bructeri, Cimbri, Cauci, Caulci, Campsiani».
Translate to Genoese:
During the Pre-Germanic linguistic period (2500–500 BCE), the proto-language has almost certainly been influenced by linguistic substrates still noticeable in the Germanic phonology and lexicon.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Into periodo linguistico pregermanico (2500-500 a.C.) a protolengua squæxi de seguo a l'é stæta influensâ da di sottoseu linguistichi ancon ciæi inta fonologia e into lescico germanichi.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
There is also a great deal of influence in vocabulary from the Celtic languages, but most of this appears to be much later, with most loanwords occurring either before or during the sound shift described by Grimm's Law.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Gh'é anche unna gròssa influensa de lengue çeltiche into diçionäio, ma questa a pâ ëse vegnua ben ben ciù in là, e i ciù tanti prestiti de lescico avvëgnan avanti ò into mezo da mutaçion fonetica descrita da-a lezze do Grimm.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Although Proto-Germanic is reconstructed without dialects via the comparative method, it is almost certain that it never was a uniform proto-language.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sciben che o protogermanico o vëgne reconstruto sensa dialetti pe mezo do metodo comparativo, l'é squæxi seguo ch'o no segge mai stæto unna protolengua uniforme.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
The earliest attested runic inscriptions (Vimose comb, Øvre Stabu spearhead), initially concentrated in modern Denmark and written with the Elder Futhark system, are dated to the second half of the 2nd century CE.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E primme inscriçioin runiche attestæ (petene de Vimose, ponta de lansa de Øvre Stabu), conçentræ a-o prinçipio inta Danimarca d'ancheu e scrite co-o scistema Elder Futhark, fan dæta a-a segonda meitæ do secolo II d.C.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
However, the merging of unstressed Proto-Germanic vowels, attested in runic inscriptions from the 4th and 5th centuries CE, also suggests that Primitive Norse could not have been a direct predecessor of West Germanic dialects.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Però, a fuxon de vocale protogermaniche no açentæ, attestâ inte inscriçioin runiche di secoli IV e V d.C., a propoñe ascì che o norren primitivo o no l'avieiva posciuo ëse un ascendente diretto di dialetti germanichi de Ponente.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
By the late 3rd century CE, linguistic divergences like the West Germanic loss of the final consonant -z had already occurred within the "residual" Northwest dialect continuum.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Drento a-a fin do secolo III d.C., de differense linguistiche comme a perdita da consonante finale -z into germanico de Ponente ean za avvegnue de drento a-o continuum dialettale nòrd-ponentin «arrestou».
Translate to Genoese:
The inclusion of the Burgundian and Vandalic languages within the East Germanic group, while plausible, is still uncertain due to their scarce attestation.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L'incluxon de lengue borgognoñe e vandaliche de drento a-o gruppo germanico de Levante, ascì che probabile, a no l'é ancon segua pe caxon da seu attestaçion ræa.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
A society is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Unna soçietæ a l'é un gruppo d'individui tiæ drento à unn'interaçion soçiale perscistente, ò un gruppo soçiale de gren dimenscioin ch'o scompartisce o mæximo territöio spaçiale ò soçiale, de nòrma soggetto a-a mæxima autoritæ politica e a-e mæxime atteise colturale dominante.
Translate to Ligurian:
Societies construct patterns of behavior by deeming certain actions or speech as acceptable or unacceptable.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E soçietæ construiscian di modelli de comportamento con tegnî çerte açioin ò esprescioin boñe da açettâ ò no.