ConseggioLigure/seed-instruct-eng-lij huggingface dataset:
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
As a side effect, the Mercator projection inflates the size of objects away from the equator.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Comme effetto segondäio, a proieçion de Mercatô a l’inscia a grandessa di oggetti che s’attreuvan lonxi da l’equatô.
Translate to Ligurian:
However, this was a simple, and common, case of misidentification.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
À tutti i mòddi, questo o no l’ea nint’atro che un caxo, assæ commun, d’identificaçion errâ.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
Mercator titled the map : "A new and augmented description of Earth corrected for the use of sailors".
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O Mercatô o l’à titolou a mappa: «Unna descriçion da Tæra, neuva e ingrandia, corretta pe l’uso di mainæ».
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
Various hypotheses have been tendered over the years, but in any case Mercator's friendship with Pedro Nunes and his access to the loxodromic tables Nunes created likely aided his efforts.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Into corso di anni l’é stæto avansou varie ipòtexi, ma à tutte e mainee l’amixiçia de Mercatô con Pedro Nunes, e o fæto ch’o poesse consultâ e tabelle lossodròmiche stæte cræ da questo, con tutta probabilitæ an dæto un aggiutto a-i seu sfòrsci.
Translate to Genoese:
However, the mathematics involved were developed but never published by mathematician Thomas Harriot starting around 1589.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
À tutte e mainee, i carcoli de matematica ean stæti sviluppæ, ma mai pubricæ, da-o matematico Thomas Harriot à comensâ da-o 1589.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
Two main problems prevented its immediate application: the impossibility of determining the longitude at sea with adequate accuracy and the fact that magnetic directions, instead of geographical directions, were used in navigation.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Gh’é stæto doî problemi ch’an impedio d’applicâli à l’istante: l’imposcibilitæ de determinâ a longitudine in mâ con unn’esattessa adeguâ e o fæto che inta navegaçion vegniva deuviou e direçioin magnetiche incangio de quelle geografiche.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
Due to these pressures, publishers gradually reduced their use of the projection over the course of the 20th century.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Apreuvo à ste prescioin, into corso do secolo XX i editoî an comensou cian cianin à redue l’utilizzaçion de proieçioin.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
At latitudes greater than 70° north or south the Mercator projection is practically unusable, because the linear scale becomes infinitely large at the poles.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A-e latitudine che van ciù in là do 70° nòrd ò sud a proieçioin de Mercatô a no peu squæxi vegnî deuviâ, da-o momento che a scâ liniare a vëgne infinitamente grande a-i doî pöli.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
Ellesmere Island on the north of Canada's Arctic archipelago looks about the same size as Australia, although Australia is over 39 times as large.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L’isoa d’Ellesmere, inte l’arçipelago artico into nòrd do Canadà, pâ ch’a l’agge a mæxima estenscion de l’Austrialia, sciben che questa a l’é 39 vòtte ciù grande.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Greenland's real area is comparable to the Democratic Republic of the Congo's alone.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A vea estenscion da Groenlandia a peu ëse comparâ à quella da Repubrica Democratica do Congo, da sola.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
Alaska appears to be the same size as Australia, although Australia is actually 41⁄2 times as large.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L’Alaska a pâ da mæxima dimenscion che l’Australia, sciben che l’Australia a l’é ciù gròssa quattro vòtte e mezo.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
Sweden appears much larger than Madagascar.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A Sveçia a pâ ben ben ciù gròssa che o Madagascar.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
A World Map on a Regular Icosahedron by Gnomonic Projection."
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Unna mappa do mondo in sce unn’icosaedro regolare con proieçion gnomònica».
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Arno Peters stirred controversy beginning in 1972 when he proposed what is now usually called the Gall–Peters projection to remedy the problems of the Mercator, claiming it to be his own original work without referencing prior work by cartographers such as Gall's work from 1855.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Arno Peters o l’à provocou de polemiche à partî da-o 1972, quand’o l’à propòsto quella che oua, pe-o sòlito, a piggia o nomme de proieçion Gall-Peters pe remediâ a-i problemi de quella de Mercatô, co-o sostegnî ch’o fïse un seu travaggio originale sensa fâ menson a-i travaggi cartografichi ciù antichi comme quello de Gall do 1855.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
The range for a amongst the possible choices is about 35 km, but for small scale (large region) applications this variation may be ignored, and mean values of 6,371 km and 40,030 km may be taken for the radius and circumference respectively.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A gamma pe uña de çernie poscibile a l’é de 35 pöcassæ, ma de pe applicaçioin in sce scâ picciña (ò sæ pe unna region grande) sta variaçion a se peu no tegnî in conscideraçion, e se peu piggiâ di valoî meddi de 6.371 km e 40.030 pe-o raggio e a çirconferensa respettivamente.
Translate from English to Genoese:
Since the cylinder is tangential to the globe at the equator, the scale factor between globe and cylinder is unity on the equator but nowhere else.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Da-o momento che o çilindro o l’é tangente inte l’equatô, o fattô de scâ tra o çercio da Tæra e o çilindro o l’é unitäio inte l’equatô, ma inte nisciun atro ponto.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
The difference (λ − λ0) is in radians.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A differensa (λ − λ0) a l’é in radianti.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Even more extreme truncations have been used: a Finnish school atlas was truncated at approximately 76°N and 56°S, an aspect ratio of 1.97.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L’é stæto deuviou di troncamento ancon ciù estremi: un atlante finlandeise de scheua o l’é stæto troncou à 76°N e 56°S pöcassæ, con un rappòrto d’aspeto de 1,97.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Narrower strips are better: sec 8° = 1.01, so a strip of width 16° (centred on the equator) is accurate to within 1% or 1 part in 100.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E strisce ciù streite en ciù boñe: sec 8° = 1,01, donca unna striscia de larghixe 16° (çentrâ in sce l’equatô) a l’é accurâ drento de l’ 1% ò 1 parte in sce 100.
Translate to Genoese:
The value of e2 is about 0.006 for all reference ellipsoids.)
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O valô d’e2 o l’é de 0,006 pöcassæ pe tutti i ellissòidi de referensa.
Translate to Ligurian:
For the above model 1 cm corresponds to 1,500 km at a latitude of 60°.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe-o modello mensunou de d’ato 1 cm o corresponde à 1.500 km in sce unna latitudine de 60°.
Translate from English to Genoese:
This chord subtends an angle at the centre equal to 2arcsin(cos φ sin ) and the great circle distance between A and B is 2a arcsin(cos φ sin ).)
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sta còrda a sottende un angolo a-o çentro pægio à 2arcsin(cos φ sin) e a distansa do çercio mascimo A e B a l'é 2a arcsin(cos φ sin).)
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
For other bodies a fixed surface feature is usually referenced, which for Mars is the meridian passing through the crater Airy-0.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe di atri còrpi pe-o sòlito se fa referensa à unna caratteristica fissa da superfiçie, che pe Marte a l’é o meridian ch’o passa pe-o cratere Airy-0.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
By convention for the Earth, Moon, and Sun it is expressed in degrees ranging from −180° to +180° For other bodies a range of 0° to 360° is used.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe convençion, pe-a Tæra, a Luña e o Sô a l’é espressa da di graddi che van da −180° à +180. Pe di atri còrpi se deuvia un intervallo ch’o va da 0° à 360°.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
The scale of a map is the ratio of a distance on the map to the corresponding distance on the ground.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A scâ de unna mappa a l’é o rappòrto fra e distanse in sciâ mappa e quelle correspondente inta realtæ.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
The first way is the ratio of the size of the generating globe to the size of the Earth.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A primma mainea o l’é o rappòrto tra a dimenscion do glöbo generatô e a dimenscion da Tæra.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Many maps state the nominal scale and may even display a bar scale (sometimes merely called a 'scale') to represent it.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Tante mappe decciaran a scâ nominale e pe representâla peuan mostrâ unna scâ à bare (de vòtte ciammâ solo che «scâ»).
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
In this case 'scale' means the scale factor (= point scale = particular scale).
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Inte sto caxo «scâ» veu dî fattô de scâ (= scâ à ponti = scâ particolâ).
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
The map projection becomes critical in understanding how scale varies throughout the map.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A proieçion da mappa a detëgne unn’importansa fondamentâ pe-a comprenscion de comme a scâ a cangia drento da mappa mæxima.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Large-scale maps show smaller areas in more detail, such as county maps or town plans might.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
De mappe con de scæ ciù grende mostran de aree picciñe con ciù tanto detaggio, comme porrieivan ësilo e mappe de unna provinsa ò de unna çittæ.
Translate from English to Genoese:
However, as explained above, cartographers use the term "large scale" to refer to less extensive maps – those that show a smaller area.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
À tutti i mòddi, comme l’é stæto dito chì de d’ato, i cartògrafi deuvian o termine «grande scâ» pe fâ referensa à de mappe d’estenscion ciù picciña (saieiva à dî quelle che representan unn’area ciù restreita).
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
This is commonly illustrated by the impossibility of smoothing an orange peel onto a flat surface without tearing and deforming it.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sto fæto pe-o sòlito o l’é inlustrou da l’imposcibilitæ d’asccianâ unna scòrsa de çetron in sce unna superfiçie ciatta sensa streppâla ò deformâla.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Conversely isotropic scale factors across the map imply a conformal projection.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A-o conträio, i fattoî isòtropi de scâ in sce tutta a mappa implican unna proieçion conforme.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
The qualification 'small' means that at some given accuracy of measurement no change can be detected in the scale factor over the element.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
«Piccin» veu dî che à unna çerta preçixon de mesuaçion no se peu nottâ nisciun cangio into fattô de scâ in sce quell’elemento.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
We say that these coordinates define the projection map which must be distinguished logically from the actual printed (or viewed) maps.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Dimmo che ste coordinæ definiscian a mappa de proieçion ch’a dev’ëse distinta logicamente da-e mappe che de fæto vëgnan stampæ (ò viste).
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Since the point scale varies with position and direction the projection of the circle on the projection will be distorted.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Dæto che a scâ di ponti a cangia co-a poxiçion e a direçion, a proieçioin do çercio in sciâ proieçion a saià reduta.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Superimposing these distortion ellipses on the map projection conveys the way in which the point scale is changing over the map.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A sorvepoxiçion de st’ellisse de distorscion in sciâ proieçion da mappa a trasmette a mainea co-a quæ a scâ di ponti a cangia in sciâ mappa.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
The ratio of the major axis to the minor axis is .
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O rappòrto tra l’asse maggiô e l’asse menô o l’é .
Translate from English to Genoese:
The scale is true (k=1) on the equator so that multiplying its length on a printed map by the inverse of the RF (or principal scale) gives the actual circumference of the Earth.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A scâ a l’é vea (k=1) à l’equatô de mòddo che, co-o moltiplicâ a seu longhixe in sce unna mappa stampâ pe l’inverso da RF (ò scâ prinçipâ) s’ottëgne a çirconferensa reale da Tæra.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
The top plot shows the isotropic Mercator scale function: the scale on the parallel is the same as the scale on the meridian.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O grafico de d’ato o mostra a fonçion de scâ isòtropa de Mercatô: a scâ in sciô parallelo a l’é pægia da scâ in sciô meridian.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Therefore, the tangent Mercator projection is highly accurate within a strip of width 3.24 degrees centred on the equator.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
De conseguensa a proieçion de Mercatô tangente a l’é assæ accurâ drento de unna fascia de larghixe 3,24 çentrâ in sce l’equatô.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
These observations prompted the development of the transverse Mercator projections in which a meridian is treated 'like an equator' of the projection so that we obtain an accurate map within a narrow distance of that meridian.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Ste osservaçioin an portou a-o sviluppo de proieçioin trasversæ de Mercatô, donde un meridian o vëgne trattou da-a proieçion «comme un equatô» de mòddo da ottegnî unna mappa accurâ drento de unna distansa restreita da quello meridian.
Translate to Genoese:
The four cardinal directions, or cardinal points, are the four main compass directions: north, east, south, and west, commonly denoted by their initials N, E, S, and W respectively.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E quattro direçioin cardinæ, dite ascì ponti cardinæ, son e quattro direçioin prinçipæ che s’attreuva in scê buscioe: nòrd, est, sud e òvest, pe commun designæ co-e lettie N, E, S, e W.
Translate to Genoese:
When travelling East or West, it is only on the Equator that one can keep East or West and be going straight (without the need to steer).
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Quande se viægia in direçion est ò òvest l’é solo pe mezo de l’equatô che un o peu mantegnî a direçion e anâ drito (sensa beseugno de cangiâ de rotta).
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
The north pole of the magnetic needle points towards the geographic north pole of the earth and vice versa.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O pölo nòrd de l’agoggia magnetica a ponta verso o pölo nòrd geografico da Tæra, e o mæximo a-a reversa.
Translate from English to Genoese:
In the middle of the day, it is to the south for viewers in the Northern Hemisphere, who live north of the Tropic of Cancer, and the north for those in the Southern Hemisphere, who live south of the Tropic of Capricorn.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A-a meitæ do giorno, o l’é a-o sud pe chi l’ammia inte l’emisfëio nòrd, saieiva à dî pe chi vive a-o nòrd do tròpico do Cancro, e a-o nòrd pe chi l’ammia inte l’emisfëio Sud, saieiva à dî pe chi vive a-o sud do tròpico do Cravicòrno.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
In these locations, one needs first to determine whether the sun is moving from east to west through north or south by watching its movements—left to right means it is going through south while the right to left means it is going through north; or one can watch the sun's shadows.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Inte ste localitæ beseugna primma de tutto stabilî se o sô o se mescia da levante à ponente pe-o nòrd ò o sud ammiando o sô movimento; da-a manciña a-a drita veu dî ch’o se mescia pe-o sud, mentre da-a drita a-a manciña veu dî ch’o se mescia pe-o nòrd; sedonca se peu ammiâ e ombre creæ da-a luxe do sô.
Translate to Genoese:
Because of the Earth's axial tilt, no matter what the location of the viewer, there are only two days each year when the sun rises precisely due east.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Apreuvo à l’inclinaçion de l’asse terreste, o sô o se leva verso est solo che pe doî giorni à l’anno, a-o de feua de donde s’attreuve a persoña ch’o l’ammia.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
For this method to work in the southern hemisphere, the 12 is pointed toward the Sun and the point halfway between the hour hand and 12 o'clock will indicate north.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
De mòddo che sto metodo o fonçioñe inte l’emisfëio sud, o 12 o l’é pontou verso o Sô e o ponto a-a meitæ da stradda tra e ragge de oe e dozz’oe o l’indichià o nòrd.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
The resulting photograph reveals a multitude of concentric arcs (portions of perfect circles) from which the exact center can be readily derived, and which corresponds to the Celestial pole, which lies directly above the position of the true pole (North or South) on the horizon.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A fotografia ch’a ne sciòrte a mostra unna gran quantitæ d’erchi conçentrichi (porçion de çerci perfetti) da-i quæ se peu cavâ de lengê o çentro esatto, ch’o corresponde a-o pölo çeleste, o quæ o se treuva direttamente in çimma da poxiçion do pölo veo (nòrd ò sud) in sce l’orizzonte.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
The exact position of the pole changes over thousands of years because of the precession of the equinoxes.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A poxiçion esatta di doî pöli a cangia into corso de çentenæa d’anni apreuvo a-a proçescion di equinòçi.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
The asterism "Big Dipper" may be used to find Polaris.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L’asterismo «Big Dipper» o peu ëse deuviou pe attrovâ Polaris.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Since it finds true, rather than magnetic, north, it is immune to interference by local or shipboard magnetic fields.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Dæto ch’o l’attreuva o nòrd veo, e no quello magnetico, o no patisce e interferense di campi magnetichi che se gh’attreuva da vexin ò deuviæ in scê nave.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
Most maps in medieval Europe, for example, placed east (E) at the top.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe exempio, inta ciù parte de carte inte l’Euröpa de l’Etæ de Mezo o levante o l’ea poxiçionou inta parte d’in çimma.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Topographic maps include elevation, typically via contour lines.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E carte topografiche mostran ascì l’elevaçion, pe commun pe mezo de linie de livello.
Translate to Genoese:
The North point will then be the point on the limb that is closest to the North celestial pole.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O ponto nòrd o saià aloa o ponto in sciâ ziña ciù vixin a-o pölo nòrd çeleste.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Going around the disk clockwise from the North point, one encounters in order the West point, the South point, and then the East point.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Se se percore a çirconferensa in senso antioräio à partî da-o pölo nòrd s’attreuva, in sequensa, l’òvest, o sud e l’est.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
In pre-modern Europe more generally, between eight and 32 points of the compass – cardinal and intercardinal directions – were given names.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Ciù in generale inte l’Euröpa premoderna se dava di nommi a-i ponti da buscioa compreixi tra l’eutto e trentedoî (direçioin cardinæ e intercardinæ).
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
Systems with five cardinal points (four directions and the center) include those from pre-modern China, as well as traditional Turkic, Tibetan and Ainu cultures.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I scistemi che deuvian çinque ponti cardinæ (quattri direçioin e un çentro) comprendan quelli da Ciña premoderna, coscì comme a coltua di antighi turchi, quella tibetaña e quella ainu.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Some may also include "above" and "below" as directions, and therefore focus on a cosmology of seven directions.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Quarchedun o porriæ fâ comprende ascì «de d’ato» e «dabasso» comme direçioin, e donca piggiâ in conscideraçion unna cosmologia de sette direçioin».
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
North is associated with the Himalayas and heaven while the south is associated with the underworld or land of the fathers (Pitr loka).
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O nòrd o l’é assoçiou co-a cadeña de Himalaya e o çê, mentre che o sud o l’é assoçiou co-o mondo de là, dito ascì mondo di poæ (Pitr loka).
Translate from English to Genoese:
North is one of the four compass points or cardinal directions.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O nòrd o l’é un di quattro ponti da biscioa, ò un di quattro ponti cardinæ.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Septentrionalis is from septentriones, "the seven plow oxen", a name of Ursa Major.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Septentrionalis o ne vëgne da septentriones, «i sette beu da aoru», un nomme de l’Orsa maggiô.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
For example, in Lezgian, kefer can mean both "disbelief" and "north", since to the north of the Muslim Lezgian homeland there are areas formerly inhabited by non-Muslim Caucasian and Turkic peoples.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe fâ un exempio, inta lengua lezgiaña a paròlla kefer a peu scignificâ tanto «stupô» comme «nòrd», perché a-o nòrd da patria mosulmaña lezgiaña gh’é de aree che in antigo ean popolæ da gente causaxiche e da turchi che no ean mosulmoen.
Translate to Genoese:
On any rotating astronomical object, north often denotes the side appearing to rotate counter-clockwise when viewed from afar along the axis of rotation.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
In scî oggetti rotanti d’ambito astronòmico o nòrd o l’indica a faccia che pâ ch’a gie in senso oräio in sciô seu asse quand’a vëgne ammiâ da-a lontan.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
But simple generalizations on the subject should be treated as unsound, and as likely to reflect popular misconceptions about terrestrial magnetism.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Ma tutte e generalizzaçioin in sce l’argomento no an guæi raxon d’ëse, da-o momento ch’en ligæ a-e fäse idee do pòpolo in sciô magnetismo terrestre.
Translate to Ligurian:
This convention has developed from the use of a compass, which places north at the top.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
S’é arrivou à sta convençion apreuvo à l’utilizzaçion da buscioa, donde o nòrd o l’é poxiçionou in çimma.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
95% of the Global North has enough food and shelter, and a functioning education system.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O 95% do nòrd da superfiçie terrestre o l’à tanto ch’abbasta da poei mangiâ e un pòsto donde mettise à l’assosto, coscì comme un scistema d’educaçion fonçionante.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Use of the term "South" may also be country-relative, particularly in cases of noticeable economic or cultural divide.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L’utilizzaçion do termine «sud» o peu ascì ëse relativo a-a realtæ do territöio, comme quande se parla de divixoin senscibili in sciô cian econòmico ò de coltua.