ConseggioLigure/seed-instruct-eng-lij huggingface dataset:
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
The modern field was established by the Italian mathematician Luca Pacioli in 1494.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O settô moderno o l'é stæto fondou da-o matematico italian Luca Pacioli do 1494.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Criticisms based on professional standards and non-replicability of results serve as further checks against bias, errors, and over-generalization, although much economic research has been accused of being non-replicable, and prestigious journals have been accused of not facilitating replication through the provision of the code and data.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E critiche basæ in sce di standard profescionali e in sciâ no replicabilitæ di exiti fonçion da atri contròlli in ciù contra di pregiudiçi, di erroî e tròppa generalizzaçion, con tutto che gran parte da reçerca econòmica a l'é stæta accaxonâ de no ëse replicabile e de reviste prestigiose son stæte accaxonæ de no incoraggî a replica con fornî còdixe e dæti.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
Efficiency is improved if more output is generated without changing inputs, or in other words, the amount of "waste" is reduced.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A reisa a megioa se vëgne generou ciù output sensa cangiâ i input ò, in atre poule, se reduxe a quantitæ de «straggio».
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
Just as on the demand side, the position of the supply can shift, say from a change in the price of a productive input or a technical improvement.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pròpio comme da-a parte da domanda, a poxiçion de l'offerta a peu mesciâse, pe exempio pe unna variaçion do prexo de un input produttivo ò un megioamento tecnico.
Translate to Genoese:
Water is important to life because it is an effective solvent, capable of dissolving solutes such as sodium and chloride ions or other small molecules to form an aqueous solution.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L’ægua a l’é impòrtante pe-a vitta perché a l’é un solvente effiçente, bon à rompî di soluti comme i ioin de sòdio e cloruro e atre molecole picciñe pe formâ unna soluçion aquosa.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
The lower density of ice compared to liquid water is due to the lower number of water molecules that form the crystal lattice structure of ice, which leaves a large amount of space between water molecules.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A ciù bassa denscitæ da giassa in confronto à l’ægua liquida a l’é dovua a-o numero de molecole d’ægua ciù basso che forman a struttua da ræ crestalliña da giassa, ch’a lascia unna gran quantitæ de spaçio tra e molecole d’ægua.
Translate to Genoese:
When two monosaccharides such as glucose and fructose are linked together, they can form a disaccharide such as sucrose.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Quande doî monosaccaridi comme o glucòsio e o fruttòsio en ligæ insemme, peuan formâ un disaccaride comme o saccaròsio.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
DNA is replicated once the two strands separate.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O DNA o se replica unna vòtta che i doî filamenti se separan.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
In prokaryotes, the DNA is held within an irregularly shaped body in the cytoplasm called the nucleoid.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Inti procariöti, o DNA o l’é contegnuo inte un còrpo de forma iregolare into citoplasma ciammou nucleoide.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
The genomes of prokaryotes are small, compact, and diverse.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I genömi di procariöti en piccin, compatti e despægi.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
When a lineage divides into two, it is represented as a node (or split) on the phylogenetic tree.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Quande un lignaggio o se dividde inta doî, o ven representou comme un gruppo (dito ascì split) in sce l’erbo filogenetico.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Archaea constitute the other domain of prokaryotic cells and were initially classified as bacteria, receiving the name archaebacteria (in the Archaebacteria kingdom), a term that has fallen out of use.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I Archaea forman l’atro dominio de çellole procariote e a-o comenso ean clascificæ comme battëi, sotta a-o nomme de archaebattëi (into regno Archaebacteria), un termine che ancheu o l’é feua de deuvia.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Viruses can spread in many ways.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I virus peuan spantegâse à tanti mòddi.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
They produce haploid gametes by meiosis.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Produxan di gameti aplòidi pe meioxi.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
This compound mediates the tropic responses of shoots and roots towards light and gravity.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sto compòsto o media e respòste tropicale de bròtti e de reixe verso a luxe e a gravitæ.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Experimental systematics identifies and classifies animals based on the evolutionary units that comprise a species, as well as their importance in evolution itself.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A scistematica sperimentale a l’identifica e a clascifica i animæ in sciâ base de unitæ evolutive che compoñan unna speçie, coscì comme a seu importansa inta mæxima evoluçion.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
That understanding was greatly extended in the 20th century through genetics and population ecology.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sta comprenscion a l’é stæta notevolmente allargâ do secolo vinti pe mezo da genetica e de l’ecologia da popolaçion.
Translate to Ligurian:
Evolution occurs when evolutionary processes such as natural selection (including sexual selection) and genetic drift act on this variation, resulting in certain characteristics becoming more common or rare within a population.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L’evoluçion a se verifica quande di proçesci evolutivi comme a seleçion naturale (compreiso a seleçion sessuale) e a deriva genetica influiscian in sce sta variaçion, co-o resultato che çerte caratteristiche vëgnan ciù frequente ò ciù ræe drento de unna mæxima popolaçion.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
To explain how new variants originate, de Vries developed a mutation theory that led to a temporary rift between those who accepted Darwinian evolution and biometricians who allied with de Vries.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe spiegâ comme se forma de neuve variante, de Vries o l’à sviluppou unna teoria da mutaçion ch’a l’à portou à unna frattua temporanea fra quelli ch’açettavan l’evoluçion darwiniaña e i biometristi che piggiavan e parte de de Vries.
Translate to Ligurian:
An adaptive trait is an aspect of the developmental pattern of the organism which enables or enhances the probability of that organism surviving and reproducing.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Un tratto adattivo o l’é un aspeto do modello de sviluppo de l’organismo ch’o permette ò o l’accresce a probabilitæ che quell’organismo o se mantëgne in vitta e o se reproduxe.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates from at least 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E primme preuve feua de discuscion de vitta in sciâ Tæra remontan a-o manco à 3,5 miliardi d’anni fa, durante l’era Eoarchea, dòppo che unna crosta geològica a l’à comensou à solidificâse apreuvo a-o preçedente Eone Hadeano deslenguou.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
By comparing the anatomies of both modern and extinct species, palaeontologists can infer the lineages of those species.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe mezo do confronto de anatomie de speçie moderne e de quelle estinte, i studioxi de paleontologia peuan dedue i lignæghi de quelle speçie.
Translate to Genoese:
The success of this theory raised awareness of the vast scale of geological time and made plausible the idea that tiny, virtually imperceptible changes in successive generations could produce consequences on the scale of differences between species.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O successo de sta teoria o l’à accresciuo a cosciensa da larga scâ do tempo geològico e o l’à reiso creddibile l’idea che di cangiamenti piccin e squæxi imposcibili da perçepî poessan produe, inte generaçioin succcescive, de conseguense in sciâ scâ de differense tra e speçie.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
While haploid organisms have only one copy of each chromosome, most animals and many plants are diploid, containing two of each chromosome and thus two copies of every gene.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Se i organismi aploidi an solo unna còpia pe ògni cromosöma, a ciù parte di animæ e tante ciante en diplòidi, contëgnan doî de ògni cromosöma e donca doe còpie pe ògni gene.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
Modern science is typically divided into three major branches that consist of the natural sciences (e.g., biology, chemistry, and physics), which study nature in the broadest sense; the social sciences (e.g., economics, psychology, and sociology), which study individuals and societies; and the formal sciences (e.g., logic, mathematics, and theoretical computer science), which deal with symbols governed by rules.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A sciensa moderna a vëgne spartia pe commun inte træ ramme prinçipæ che son e sciense naturale (pe exempio biologia, chimica e fixica), che studian a natua into senso ciù largo, e sciense soçiale (pe exempio economia, pscicologia e soçiologia), che studian i individui e e soçietæ, e e sciense formale (pe exempio lògica, matematica e informatica teòrica), che dan a mente à di scimboli governæ da de regole.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Enlightenment philosophers chose a short history of scientific predecessors – Galileo, Boyle, and Newton principally – as the guides and guarantors of their applications of the singular concept of nature and natural law to every physical and social field of the day.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I filòsofi inluministi an çernuo unna stöia de sciensiæ vegnui primma, mascime o Galileo, o Boyle e o Newton, comme guidde e garanti de seu applicaçioin do conçetto sencio de natua e lezze naturale inte tutti i campi fixichi e soçiali d'alantô.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Both John Herschel and William Whewell systematized methodology: the latter coined the term scientist.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O John Herschel e o William Whewell an misso à scistema a metodologia: o segondo o l'à inventou o termine sciensiou.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
In the late 20th century, active recruitment of women and elimination of institutional discrimination on the basis of sex greatly increased the number of women scientists, but large gender disparities remain in some fields; in the early 21st century over half of the new biologists were female, while 80% of PhDs in physics are given to men.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
In sciâ fin do secolo XX, l'ingaggio attivo de dònne e l'eliminaçion da discriminaçion instituçionale in sciâ base do sesso a l'à fæto cresce ben ben o numero de sciensiæ, ma arresta o mæximo de importante desparitæ de genere inte çerti campi; à l'incomenso do secolo XXI ciù che a meitæ di biòlogi ean de dònne incangio l'80% di dottorati in fixica o l'é assegnou à di òmmi.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
The assay is a colorimetric assay in which a spectrophotometer can measure the amount of protein in samples by detecting a colored complex formed by the interaction of protein molecules and molecules of an added dye.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L'analixi a l'é unn'analixi colorimetrica donde un spettrofotometro o peu mesuâ a quantitæ de proteiña inti campioin nottando un complesso de coî formou da l'interaçion de molecole da proteiña e de molecole de unna tenta azzonta.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
The null hypothesis is that there is no explanation or predictive power of the phenomenon through the reasoning that is being investigated.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L'ipòtexi ninte a l'é che no ghe segge nisciuña esplicaçion ò bontæ de predî o fenòmeno pe mezo do raxonamento ch'o l'é in exammme.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
For instance, most indigenous communities consider that access to certain information proper to the group should be determined by relationships.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Pe exempio, tante communitæ indigene retëgnan che l'açesso à çerte informaçioin risguardo a-o gruppo o dovieiva ëse determinou da un pæntou.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
Peer review does not certify the correctness of the results, only that, in the opinion of the reviewer, the experiments themselves were sound (based on the description supplied by the experimenter).
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A revixon tra di pægi à no çertifica a correttessa di exiti, ma solo che, segondo o revisô, i esperimenti ean validi (in base a-a descriçion fornia da-o sperimentatô).
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Scientific theories are testable and make falsifiable predictions.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E teorie scientifiche se peuan verificâ e generan de previxoin che se peu fäscificâ.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
After the changes, the accepted theory will explain more phenomena and have greater predictive power (if it did not, the changes would not be adopted); this new explanation will then be open to further replacement or modification.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Dòppo i cangiamenti, a teoria açettâ a l'ascciæià di atri fenòmeni e a l'avià unna facoltæ predittiva ciù grande (into caxo conträio, i cangiamenti no saieivan adottæ); sta neuva esplicaçion a saià donca soggetta a de atre sostituçioin ò cangiamenti ancon.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
These two fields complement each other.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sti doî campi se complementan l’un con l’atro.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
Although some radio waves are emitted directly by astronomical objects, a product of thermal emission, most of the radio emission that is observed is the result of synchrotron radiation, which is produced when electrons orbit magnetic fields.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Sciben che çerte onde radio vëgnan emisse direttamente da-i oggetti astronòmichi, un produto de l’emiscion termica, a ciù parte de l’emiscion radio ch’a ven osservâ a l’é o resultato da radiaçion sincrotònica, ch’a ven produta quande i elettroin òrbitan in gio à di campi magnetichi.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
These begin as a compact pre-stellar core or dark nebulae, which concentrate and collapse (in volumes determined by the Jeans length) to form compact protostars.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Queste comensan comme un nucleo compatto pre-stellare ò neboluse scue, che se conçentran e collassan (inte di volummi determinæ determinâ da-a longhixe de Jeans) pe formâ de protostelle compatte.
Can you translate this text to Ligurian?
Jupiter's moon, Europa, and Saturn's moon, Enceladus, are now considered the most likely locations for extant extraterrestrial life in the Solar System due to their subsurface water oceans where radiogenic and tidal heating enables liquid water to exist.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A luña de Zeuve, Euröpa, e quella de Saturno, Encelado, en conscideræ oua e localitæ donde da vitta extraterrestre a pòsse existî into Scistema Solare co-a ciù tanta probabilitæ, apreuvo a-i seu oçeani d’ægua sotta a superfiçie, donde o rescädamento radiogenico e materiale o permette l’existensa d’ægua liquida.
Translate from English to Genoese:
Some scientists think it possible that these liquid hydrocarbons might take the place of water in living cells different from those on Earth.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Gh’é di scensiæ che pensan che segge poscibile che sti idrocarbui pòssan piggiâ o pòsto de l’ægua inte de çellole vivente despæge da quelle da Tæra.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
According to this argument, made by scientists such as Carl Sagan and Stephen Hawking, as well as notable personalities such as Winston Churchill, it would be improbable for life not to exist somewhere other than Earth.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Segondo st’argomentaçion, propòsta da di scensiæ comme Carl Sagan e Stephen Hawking, coscì comme da de personalitæ de relevansa comme Winston Churchill, saiæ improbabile che a vitta a no l’existesse inte quarche atro pòsto feua da Tæra.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
Ward and Brownlee are open to the idea of evolution on other planets that is not based on essential Earth-like characteristics (such as DNA and carbon).
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Ward e Brownlee son averti à l’idea de unn’evoluçion in sce di atri pianeti che no seggian basæ in sce de caratteristiche essençiale che s’assomeggian à quelle da Tæra (comme o DNA e o carbònio).
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
The scale is logarithmic and defined such that each step of one magnitude changes the brightness by a factor of the fifth root of 100, or approximately 2.512.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A scâ a l’é logaritmica e a l’é definia de mòddo che tutti i pasci de unna magnitudine cangian a lumminoxitæ de un fattô da reixe quinta de 100, ò 2,512 approscimativamente.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Complex manufacturing and construction techniques and organizations are needed to make and maintain some of the newer technologies, and entire industries have arisen to support and develop succeeding generations of increasingly more complex tools.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Ghe veu de teniche articolæ e de organizzaçioin de produçion e construçion pe realizzâ e mantegnî çerte de tecnologie ciù neuve e l'é nasciuo de industrie intreghe pe sostegnî e sviluppâ de generaçioin vegnue apreuvo de strumenti sempre ciù complesci.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
Aeronautical engineering deals with aircraft design process design while aerospace engineering is a more modern term that expands the reach of the discipline by including spacecraft design.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
L’inzegneria aeronauta a s’òccupa do design do proçesso de progettaçioin di aerei, tanto che l’inzegneria aerospaçiale o l’é un termine ciù moderno ch’o l’espande a portâ da discipliña, comprendendo a progettaçioin de veicoli spaçiali.
Translate to Ligurian (Genoese):
Historically, naval engineering and mining engineering were major branches.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
À livello stòrico l’inzegneria navale e mineräia ean de ramme importante.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
They called their work by several names: e.g. embodied, situated, behavior-based or developmental.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
An ciammou o seu travaggio con nommi despægi, comme «embodied», «situated», «behavior-based» o «developmental».
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Many current approaches use word co-occurrence frequencies to construct syntactic representations of text. "
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Tante metodologie da giornâ d’ancheu deuvian e frequense de cooccorrensa pe costrue de representaçioin sintattiche do testo.
Translate from English to Ligurian:
Initially, the DNA of interest needs to be isolated to provide a DNA segment of suitable size.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A-o comenso, o DNA in sciô quæ se veu travaggiâ o deve vegnî isolou, de mòddo ch’o dagghe un segmento de DNA da dimescion adeguâ.
Translate to Genoese:
Such clones are not strictly identical since the somatic cells may contain mutations in their nuclear DNA.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Di cloin de sta qualitæ no en pægi do tutto, da-o momento che e çellole somatiche peuan contegnî de motaçioin into seu DNA nucleare.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Water buffalo: Samrupa was the first cloned water buffalo.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Buffai indien: Samrupa o l’é stæto o primmo buffao indian à vegnî clonou.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Opponents of cloning have concerns that technology is not yet developed enough to be safe and that it could be prone to abuse (leading to the generation of humans from whom organs and tissues would be harvested), as well as concerns about how cloned individuals could integrate with families and with society at large.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E gente conträie a-a clonaçion an poia che a tecnologia a no segge ancon sviluppâ tanto ch’abbasta pe ëse segua e ch’a pòsse portâ à di abuxi (ch’avieivan comme conseguensa de generaçion de persoñe con di òrgani e di tesciui creæ da quelli de atre gente), e se domandan con preoccupaçion comme di individui clonæ porrieivan integrâse inte de famigge ò inta soçietæ in areo.
Translate to Genoese:
Genetic engineers must isolate the gene they wish to insert into the host organism.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I inzegnê de genetica devan isolâ o gene che veuan inserî inte l’organismo òspite.
Translate this sentence to Genoese:
In 1974 Rudolf Jaenisch created a transgenic mouse by introducing foreign DNA into its embryo, making it the world's first transgenic animal.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
Do 1974 Rudolf Jaenisch o l’à creou un ratto transgenico, pe mezo de l’introduçion de DNA estraneo into seu embrion e o l’à reiso o primmo animâ transgenico do mondo.
Translate to Genoese:
Outside of medicine they have been used to produce biofuels.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A-o de feua da mëxiña en stæti deuviæ pe produe di biocarburanti.
What’s the Ligurian translation of this sentence?
Other uses for genetically modified bacteria include bioremediation, where the bacteria are used to convert pollutants into a less toxic form.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
De atre utilizzaçioin di battëi modificæ geneticamente comprendan o bioresanamento, donde i battëi vëgnan deuviæ pe convertî e sostanse inquinanante inte unna fòrma meno teuscega.
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Genetic modification of the myxoma virus has been proposed to conserve European wild rabbits in the Iberian peninsula and to help regulate them in Australia.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
A modifica genetica do virus do mixoma a l’é stæta propòsta pe conservâ i coniggi sarvæghi inta penisoa iberica e pe aggiuttâ à regolâli inte l’Australia.
What’s the Genoese translation of this sentence?
Malaria-resistant mosquitoes have been developed in the laboratory by inserting a gene that reduces the development of the malaria parasite and then use homing endonucleases to rapidly spread that gene throughout the male population (known as a gene drive).
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
E çinsae rescistente a-a maläia en stæte sviluppæ in laboratöio pe mezo de un gene ch’o reduxe o sviluppo do parascito da maläia e dapeu deuviâ e endonucleasi pe diffonde a-a spedia qello genete inte tutta a popolaçion mascoliña (conosciuo comme gene drive).
Translate this sentence to Ligurian:
Transgenic nematodes have been used to study viruses, toxicology, diseases, and to detect environmental pollutants.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
I nematödi trasgenichi en stæti deuviæ pe studiâ i virus, a toscicologia, e moutie e pe relevâ l’inquinamento di ambienti.
Translate from English to Ligurian (Genoese dialect):
He said that twin girls, Lulu and Nana, had been born a few weeks earlier.
The Ligurian (Genoese) translation is:
O l’à dito che doe binelle, Lulu e Nana, ean nasciue pöche settemañe primma.