title: Game creation system

text: Unlike more developer-oriented game engines, game creation systems promise an easy entry point for novice or hobbyist game designers, with often little to no coding required for simple behaviors. Although initially stigmatized, all-in-one game creation systems have gained some legitimacy with the central role of Unity, Pixel Game Maker MV, and in the growth of the indie game development community. Currently the Independent Games Festival recognizes games produced with similar platforms.


title: Game creation system

text: Early game creation systems such as Broderbund's "The Arcade Machine" (1982), Pinball Construction Set (1983), ASCII's War Game Construction Kit (1983), Thunder Force Construction (1984), Adventure Construction Set (1984), Garry Kitchen's GameMaker (1985). Wargame Construction Set (1986), Shoot'Em-Up Construction Kit (1987), Mamirin / Dungeon Manjirou (1988), and Arcade Game Construction Kit (1988) appeared in the 1980s on home computers. "3D Construction Kit" was released on the ZX Spectrum in 1991, and contained a full polygon-based world creation tool. Most of these early design frameworks are specific to one or another genre.


title: Game creation system

text: In the 1990s, game creation systems for the IBM PC shifted both to the more general and the more specific. Whereas frameworks like RSD Game-Maker and Klik & Play attempted to accommodate any genre, communities grew around games like "ZZT" (later, MegaZeux) that permitted such extensive user modification that they essentially became de facto game creation systems. Pie in the Sky Software created a full on 2.5D first-person shooter creator out of an engine they previously used internally, which sold in three total versions until 2003; 3D Game Studio and products by The Game Creators have targeted similar creators.


title: Game creation system

text: In the mid-2000s, with the growth of the World Wide Web and social networking, programs like BlitzBasic and Multimedia Fusion headlined an explosion of interest both in indie games and in canned game design software. Whereas earlier game creation systems tend to err on the side of user friendly interfaces, 21st-century systems are often distinguished by extensive scripting languages that attempt to account for every possible user variable. Other general purpose game creation systems include Game Editor, Construct, Stencyl, and GDevelop.


title: Game creation system

text: The rise of game creation systems also saw a rise in the need for free form scripting languages with general purpose use. Some packages, such as Conitec's Gamestudio, include a more comprehensive scripting language under the surface to allow users more leeway in defining their games' behavior.


title: Game creation system

text: While most of the mainstream and popular game creation systems may be general-purpose, several exist solely for specific genres.


title: Çağlar Ertuğrul

text: Çağlar Ertuğrul (born 5 November 1987) is a Turkish actor and mechanical engineer. He won the Golden Butterfly Award for Best Actor in a Romantic Comedy in 2020 for his role in "Afili Aşk" and Best Actor in a TV Series in 2021 for his role in "Teşkilat". He is regarded as one of the best Turkish actors in the Turkish dramas.


title: Çağlar Ertuğrul

text: Ertuğrul graduated from Bornova High School and afterwards went to Koç University and gained a university degree in Mechanical Engineering. He later decided to pursue a career in the arts. His first acting job was at a stage play at the Koç University, in "Romeolar ve Julietler", 13 April 2009. In 2012, Alper Çağlar directed a military feature film called "Dağ" and Ertuğrul had the leading role in the film. His first film was a success and he became a well known name directly with his first film. He also acted in a film called "Bana Masal Anlatma" and had guest roles in the TV series "Medcezir" and "Benim İçin Üzülme".


title: Çağlar Ertuğrul

text: In 2016, he played the lead role in "Dağ 2". The film achieved global recognition and became most watched film of 2016 in Turkey. In 2017, Ertuğrul played a major role in the dramatic series "Fazilet Hanım ve Kızları" opposite Deniz Baysal, the series received high ratings in Turkey.


title: Çağlar Ertuğrul

text: In 2019-2020, he played the role of a handsome playboy Kerem Yiğiter in "Afili Aşk" opposite Burcu Özberk.


The 50 Greatest Pieces of Classical Music is a selection of classical works recorded by the London Philharmonic Orchestra with conductor David Parry. Recorded at Abbey Road Studios, Royal Festival Hall and Henry Wood Hall in London, the album was released in digital formats in November, 2009 and as a 4-CD set in 2011. "The 50 Greatest Pieces of Classical Music" has sold over 200,000 copies and spent over three years as one of the top 10 classical albums on iTunes.


title: Tainy

text: Marcos Efraín Masís Fernández (born August 9, 1989), known professionally as Tainy, is a Puerto Rican record producer and songwriter. Born and raised in San Juan, Puerto Rico, he entered the world of reggaeton with his work on "Mas Flow 2".


title: Tainy

text: Leading a new wave of Latin music for over a decade, Tainy, has been the producer of some of the biggest reggaeton hits. A repeated Grammy and BMI Award winner, Tainy has been producing for countless artists, including reggaeton pioneers like Daddy Yankee, Wisin & Yandel, Don Omar and others. Recently, he has contributed to global hits like "I Like It" by Cardi B featuring Bad Bunny and J Balvin and "No Es Justo" by Balvin featuring Zion & Lennox.


title: Tainy

text: Tainy produced "Oasis" with Bad Bunny and Balvin, which dominated global charts and help Tainy position himself as the number one Latin producer on the "Billboard" charts for 27 consecutive weeks. Tainy also collaborated with Bad Bunny on the song "Callaíta" which had massive success. He released his global hit "Adicto" alongside Anuel AA and Ozuna which went on to receive multiple Platinum and Gold certification in eight countries and accumulated over 450 million streams and 550 million views on YouTube. Tainy produced the 2019 hit "China" by Anuel AA, Daddy Yankee, and Karol G featuring Ozuna and J Balvin that peaked at number one in 6 countries and reached the top 10 in nine others.


title: Tainy

text: Tainy has produced songs like Lauren Jauregui's debut Latin single "Lento", "Feel It Too" featuring Jessie Reyez and Tory Lanez and Justin Bieber's "Habitual". He released his debut EP titled "Neon16 Tape: The Kids That Grew Up on Reggaeton" which consists of tracks with several other artists. The single "Nada" featuring Jauregui and C. Tangana was released on February 21, 2020.


title: Tainy

text: After meeting with Nely "El Arma Secreta", Tainy gave Luny Tunes his demo. Luny liked the demo and signed Tainy to his team. When Tainy was 15, Nely loaned him FL Studio XXL for producing. Tainy practiced for a year until he learned. To test Tainy's potential, Luny had him work on a song. Luny ended up liking the song and used it for his album, "Mas Flow 2".


title: Tainy

text: Tainy and Luny produced the "" album, producing 15 of the tracks. He has worked as a producer with Wisin & Yandel, Janet Jackson, Jennifer Lopez, Paris Hilton, Wise and many more.


title: Tainy

text: In 2019, Tainy and music executive Lex Borrero teamed up to launch a new company called NEON16. Described as a "multifaceted talent incubator", NEON16's label side has partnered with Interscope Records and currently have on their roster Puerto Rican artist Alvaro Diaz and Colombian artist Dylan Fuentes."To create NEON16 is a dream come true. I know Lex feels the same way. It gives our team a chance to continue to build and also shift the current state of our music." - TainyBorrero said, "Our motto is 'Fear nothing, impact everything'. We want to work with talents who are willing to take creative risks in order to make a lasting impact. Tainy is the definition of our motto, he has been pushing the sounds of Latin music since the beginning of his legendary career."


title: Tainy

text: He has received three Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI) Awards, which are annually awarded to songwriters, composers and music publishers of the year's most-performed songs in the BMI catalog, for Wisin & Yandel's "Abusadora" and "Pam Pam" and Ivy Queen's "La Vida Es Así".


title: Mixtape (film)

text: Mixtape is a 2021 American comedy film directed by Valerie Weiss from a screenplay by Stacey Menear. It stars Gemma Brooke Allen, Nick Thune, and Julie Bowen.


title: Mixtape (film)

text: "Mixtape" is set in Spokane, Washington in the last months of the 20th century. Middle schooler Beverly Moody lives with her grandmother, Gail, a USPS mail carrier. They only have each other, as Beverly’s parents died in a car accident when she was two years old. Kim, her mother, was only 16 when she was born.


title: Mixtape (film)

text: Talking about her daughter makes Gail sad, so she avoids Beverly's questions about her. She works extra shifts to keep busy and make money for Beverly’s college fund. Over-protective, Gail is fearful that she could lose Beverly like she lost Kim. Beverly is lonely, and is regularly bullied at school by two boys.


title: Mixtape (film)

text: Beverly finds her parents’ mixtape “Love Riot,” but the tape ‘gets eaten’ by her Walkman and cannot be played. So, she’s on a mission to track down the songs from the mixtape to find out more about her parents. She hopes listening to the songs will make her feel connected to her parents, who were only a bit older than she is now when she was born.


title: Mixtape (film)

text: The local record store is run by initially unfriendly Anti (as in anti-everything and everyone). But he is impressed with the list. When he asks “Vinyl or CD?”, her response is “I only have a Walkman.” He peers out the window, and she asks what he's looking for. He said, “A DeLorean with a flux capacitor”.


title: Mixtape (film)

text: Anti agrees to put the first song on tape for her. He explains that on a mixtape, the order of songs is crucial, as well as the time between them and other details, “a message from the maker". So, he records for her the first song on the list, “Getting Nowhere Fast,” by Girls at Our Best. She will also have to find more, in the order they appeared on the mixtape, including “Linda Linda” by the Blue Hearts, “I Got a Right” by the Stooges, and “Teacher’s Pet” by The Quick.


title: Mixtape (film)

text: In the search for the songs, Beverly makes friends along the way, like her neighbor Ellen, who's new in town, as she's Asian in case she can translate “Linda Linda”. It turns out that Ellen is actually Taiwanese. Tough girl classmate Nicky gets interested when they bond over shared interest in music, as Beverly recites the Cheap Trick song Surrender in their English class. Ellen’s ultra-strict mother and pesky younger brother contrast with Nicky’s father (Nicky’s encouraged to fight with her older brother to toughen her up, and is free to dress however).


title: Mixtape (film)

text: The girls' developing friendship includes creating music with Nicky's brother's band's instruments, inspired by the mixtape, a delightful expedition to a magical abandoned place Beverly's parents had their first date to More than This. They track down a musician Kim knew, and pressure Anti to bring them to his gig. Afterwards, Beverly shows him a polaroid of him with Kim. Initially he doesn't bother to really look, but when he does he remembers she was a great lyricist. Then he dismisses her as a loser for having a baby and abandoning music.


title: Mixtape (film)

text: Upset, Beverly withdraws, feeling it was all a mistake. She has inspired kids at school, and stands up to her bully, getting her suspended. She finally hashes things out with her grandma, inspiring her to talk to Anti. Ellen and Nicky play for her The Kinks "Better Things". Gail finds the mixtape list discarded by Beverly, it inspires her to finally talk about Kim. She brings out a recording of "The Wrong Song", written and sung by her mom.


title: Mixtape (film)

text: The film ends with the three girls performing as Us Dudes R Sisters songs inspired by the mixtape in a New Year's Eve party that includes their three families and Anti (Edward).


title: Mixtape (film)

text: In June 2012, it was announced Tom Vaughan would direct the film, from a screenplay by Stacey Menear. In January 2021, Julie Bowen, Gemma Brooke Allen, Nick Thune, Jackson Rathbone, Olga Petsa, Audrey Hsieh and Diego Mercado joined the cast of the film, with Valerie Weiss set to direct the film replacing Vaughn, and Netflix set to distribute.


title: Mixtape (film)

text: Principal photography began on February 8, 2021 and concluded on April 9, 2021 in Burnaby, British Columbia.


title: Mixtape (film)

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 100% based on 10 reviews, with an average rating of 7/10.


title: Nick Rattigan

text: Nicholas Foster Rattigan (born August 6, 1992) is an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, vocalist, journalist and music video director, originating from Reno, Nevada. He currently releases music under the moniker Current Joys. He also is the drummer and lead singer of the indie surf rock band Surf Curse.


title: Nick Rattigan

text: As an artist, Rattigan began releasing music as The Nicholas Project from 2011 to 2012, thereafter releasing music as TELE/VISIONS, releasing his debut album, "Wild Heart", on January 2, 2013, as well as all of his music on Bandcamp. After 2015, Rattigan began performing as Current Joys, with his second studio album "Me Oh My Mirror", released on February 16, 2015, reflecting the significant change in his style of music.


title: Nick Rattigan

text: He released his third album, "A Different Age", on March 2, 2018. His fourth album, "Voyager", was released on May 14, 2021.


title: Nick Rattigan

text: Rattigan was born in Henderson, Nevada, but moved to Reno for education. Early in his career, he moved to Brooklyn, New York. He now currently resides in Los Angeles, California and Dallas, Texas.


title: Nick Rattigan

text: According to Rattigan, he taught himself guitar mostly through online guitar tabs for artists such as System of a Down and Flogging Molly. He also took drum lessons when he was eight years old.


title: Nick Rattigan

text: Rattigan started individually writing and releasing music as The Nicholas Project, after an anonymous Myspace message inspired him to compose music. He self-released a slew of independently-produced recordings on Bandcamp from November 2011 to October 2012 under the moniker.


title: Nick Rattigan

text: As TELE/VISIONS, Rattigan self-released his debut album, "Wild Heart", on January 2, 2013. Citing the name change as being influenced by "Videodrome", Rattigan said to "FORGE Magazine" that "I was writing this song and my roommate had given me a drum machine, so I was like "This is perfect! I can start playing live shows!" and they were like "yeah but no one is going to book you with your name as the Nicholas Project" and they were right.


title: Nick Rattigan

text: In 2013, Rattigan and classmate Jacob Rubeck, who self-releases music under the moniker Gap Girls (Previously Casino Hearts), formed the band Surf Curse. This surf punk band would be their second major project after a small project named Buffalo 66. Through Big Joy Records, an independent label in Los Angeles, California, they released their debut album, "Buds", in June 2013 and the extended play (EP) "Sad Boys EP" in October.


title: Nick Rattigan

text: Three EPs were released in 2013: "Young Luv" in January, "No One Will Dance" in February and "Neon Gold" in June. Also, from May to July 2013, Rattigan wrote for Noisey, a brand under "Vice".


title: Nick Rattigan

text: An extended play, "2013", was released in January 2014. "2008–2010", a compilation album, was released as the final work under The Nicholas Project in May. A compilation of b-sides and unreleased tracks, "B-Sides, Rarities and Demos", was released a month later.


title: Nick Rattigan

text: Found on his YouTube channel, Rattigan has performed under additional names, Franco Years and Devil Worship. Both of these projects can be found on Bandcamp.


title: Nick Rattigan

text: In February 2015, Rattigan announced that the follow-up to "Wild Heart" was almost complete. The album, "Me Oh My Mirror", was then self-released on February 16.


title: Nick Rattigan

text: In January 2016, the limited-edition zine "Alabama (2000 Light Years)" was announced for release in February.


title: Nick Rattigan

text: On March 6, 2016, the song "New Flesh" from "Wild Heart" was used in a short video titled "Flesh" on Vine by Internet celebrity Emma Greer, under her online alias GIBBERTON. The video was her last before her death from cancer twenty-one days later and caused a rise in interest towards the song. Two days later, Rattigan released a song, "Kids", and announced the name change to Current Joys instead of TELE/VISIONS, stating that "I no longer feel like it represents the music I want to make and there are too many conflicts with the band Television which present problems for future prospects." To fit with the change, Rattigan re-released all of his music under the moniker on October.


title: Nick Rattigan

text: Rattigan, debuting as a music video director, produced and directed the music video for "123" by the folk punk band Girlpool in March 2017. In July, Rattigan released a second limited-edition zine entitled "Days", which came with an unreleased five-song EP. He also collaborated with labelmate BOYO for a 4-track EP, "Split", released by Danger Collective and Terrible Records on September 6.


title: Nick Rattigan

text: On January 8, "Become The Warm Jets" and "Fear" were released as the lead singles for "A Different Age", his debut album on Danger Collective. The music video for "In a Year of 13 Moons", named after a 1978 film by Rainer Werner Fassbinder, was released on January 30 as the third single. In February, the fourth single from the album, "My Nights Are More Beautiful Than Your Days", titled after the film of the same name, premiered on L.A. Record. The album was released on March 2. Within the same month, NPR included "Fear" in "The Austin 100", a playlist of songs from artists performing at SXSW.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: Hundreds of replicas of the Statue of Liberty ("Liberty Enlightening the World") have been created worldwide. The original Statue of Liberty is 151 feet tall and stands on a pedestal that is 154 feet tall, making the height of the entire sculpture 305 feet.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: On the occasion of the Exposition Universelle of 1900, sculptor Frédéric Bartholdi crafted a 1/16 scale, 2.743 metre (nine-foot) version of his "Liberty Enlightening the World." It was cast in 1889 and he subsequently gave it to the Musée du Luxembourg. In 1905, the statue was placed outside the museum in the Jardin du Luxembourg, where it stood for over a century, until 2014. It currently stands within the entrance hall to the Musée d'Orsay, and a newly constructed bronze replica stands in its place in the Jardin du Luxembourg.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: This statue was given in 1889 to France by U.S. citizens living in Paris to celebrate the French Revolution three years after the main statue in New York was inaugurated. Originally, the statue was turned towards the east in order to face the Eiffel Tower. In 1937 it was turned towards the west so that it would be facing the original statue in New York. It is one of three replicas in Paris.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: The statue is near the Grenelle Bridge on the Île aux Cygnes, a man-made island in the Seine (). It is a quarter-scale version ( high), and was one of the working models used during construction of the actual Statue of Liberty. This model weighs 14 tons. It was inaugurated on 4 July 1889. Its tablet bears two dates: "IV JUILLET 1776" (4 July 1776: the United States Declaration of Independence) like the New York statue, and "XIV JUILLET 1789" (14 July 1789: the storming of the Bastille) associated with an equal sign. This statue is shown in the film "" as a historic location.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: The tall original plaster maquette finished in 1878 by Auguste Bartholdi that was used to make the statue in New York is in the Musée des Arts et Métiers in Paris. This original plaster model was bequeathed by the artist's widow in 1907, together with part of the artist's estate.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: On the square outside the Musée des Arts et Métierss entrance was a bronze copy made from the plaster maquette, number 1 from an original edition of 12, made by the museum and cast by Susse Fondeur Paris. It was this replica that was shipped to America under a joint effort by the Embassy of France in the United States, the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers and the shipping company CMA CGM Group. After spending time on Ellis Island for Independence Day 2021, it now resides at the French ambassador's residence in Washington, D.C.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: A life-size copy of the torch, "Flame of Liberty", can be seen above the entrance to the Pont de l'Alma tunnel near the Champs-Élysées in Paris. It was given to the city as a return gift in honour of the centennial celebration of the statue's dedication. Since it is above the Pont de l'Alma car tunnel in which Princess Diana died, the torch became an unofficial memorial to the princess.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: There is a 13.5 m (44 feet) polyester replica in the northwest of France, in the small town of Barentin near Rouen. It was made for a French movie, "Le Cerveau" ("The Brain"), directed by Gérard Oury and featuring actors Jean-Paul Belmondo and Bourvil.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: There is a replica of the statue in the city of Bordeaux. The first Bordeaux statue was seized and melted down by the Nazis in World War II. The statue was replaced in 2000 and a plaque was added to commemorate the victims of the 11 September terrorist attacks. On the night of 25 March 2003, unknown vandals poured red paint and gasoline on the replica and set it on fire. The vandals also cracked the pedestal of the plaque. The mayor of Bordeaux, former prime minister Alain Juppé, condemned the attack.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: A replica of the Statue of Liberty in Colmar, the city of Bartholdi's birth, was dedicated on 4 July 2004, to commemorate the 100th anniversary of his death. It stands at the north entrance of the city. The Bartholdi Museum in Colmar contains numerous models of various sizes made by Bartholdi during the process of designing the statue.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: Other "Liberty Enlightening the World" statues are displayed in Poitiers and Lunel. The Musée des beaux-arts de Lyon owns a terracotta version.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: Near Chaumont, Haute Marne, is a miniature replica in the flag plaza of the former Chaumont Air Base. This was the home of the US 48th Tactical Fighter Wing, now based at Lakenheath, England, with its own statue at the flag plaza. The 48th TFW is the only USAF wing with a name: "The Statue of Liberty Wing".


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: Another example is of a "Liberty Enlightening the World" replica in Châteauneuf-la-Forêt, near the city of Limoges in the area of Haute-Vienne, Limousin. There is another "original" Bartholdi replica at Roybon (near Grenoble)


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: In Minimundus, a miniature park located at the Wörthersee in Carinthia, Austria, is another replica of the Statue of Liberty.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: In Graz, standing between the Opera House and the NextLiberty Theater, stands a steel structure built out of steel beams, that depict the original size of the statue of liberty, before the plates of the final form were being put into place. Instead of torch of flame, this depiction is holding a sword in extended left arm and a sphere in the right arm representing the world.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: A copy is in the German "Heidepark Soltau" theme park, located on a lake with cruising Mississippi steamboats. It weighs 28 metric tons (31 short tons), is made of plastic foam on a steel frame with polyester cladding, and was designed by the Dutch artist Gerla Spee.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: A green painted replica of the Statue of Liberty can be found near Mulnamina More, County Donegal, Ireland.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: A 33 ft (10 m) replica has its temporary location in the Dutch city of Assen. The statue bears characteristic features that represent the culture and landscape of the region, like a can of beans instead of the original torch. The replica, by sculptor Natasja Bennink, was on display for the duration of an exhibition on American Realism in the Drents Museum until 27 May 2018.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: A smaller replica is in the Norwegian village of Visnes, where the copper used in the original statue was mined. A replica is also on the facade of a pub in Bleik, county of Nordland


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: There is a unique "sitting" Statue of Liberty in the Ukrainian city of Lviv. It is a sculpture on a dome of the house (15, Freedom Avenue) built by architect Yuriy Zakharevych and decorated by sculptor Leandro Marconi in 1874–91.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: A , 9,200 kg (9.2 tons) replica stood atop the Liberty Shoe factory in Leicester, England, until 2002 when the building was demolished. The statue was put into storage while the building was replaced. The statue, which dates back to the 1920s, was initially going to be put back on the replacement building, but was too heavy, so in December 2008 following restoration, it was placed on a pedestal near Liberty Park Halls of Residence on a traffic island, "Liberty Circus", close to where it originally stood.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: A replica is in the stairwell of a bowling alley building in Warrington, England. It used to be above the entrance of a restaurant nearby.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: There is also a small replica located at RAF Lakenheath, England, at the base flag plaza, made from leftover copper from the original.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: In Lake Michigan campground in Wisconsin, There will be a new sculpture park, The first artifact will be the Statue of Liberty, It will be designed by many architects from New York, Pennsylvania, Florida, France, Minnesota, and of course, Wisconsin, It will be under construction on June 5, 2020.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: In Buenos Aires there is a small iron replica in Barrancas de Belgrano Square, cast by Bartholdi from the same mould as those cast in Paris; although it is much smaller. It was inaugurated on 3 October 1886, 25 days before the one in New York. Another replica was bought by the government and placed in a school, Colegio Nacional Sarmiento, about the same date. There is another replica in Plaza Libertad (Liberty Square) in the city of Villa Aberastain, San Juan. This one arrived at the city in 1909 due to a confusion since it had to be shipped to San Juan, Puerto Rico instead. There are also two cheaper non-metallic replicas; one is 6 m tall, located in the "New York" Casino in San Luis and the other crowns a commercial gallery, "Galería de Fabricantes", in Munro, a city in the northeast suburbs of Buenos Aires.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: In Bangu, Rio de Janeiro exists a nickel replica made by Bartholdi in 1899. Bartholdi was commissioned by José Paranhos, Baron of Rio Branco to make a replica in order to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the Republic of Brazil. Until 1940, the statue was Paranhos family property. In 1940 the statue was passed to Guanabara State. On 20 January 1964, Carlos Lacerda, governor of Guanabara State, placed the statue in Miami Square, Bangu.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: A small-scale cast metal replica can be found in Maceió, the capital of Alagoas State, in northeast Brazil. The replica is in front of a building constructed in 1869 as the seat of the "Conselho Provincial" (Provincial Council), and which today is the Museu da Imagem e do Som de Alagoas (Museum of Image and Sound of Alagoas). This replica is possibly a casting produced by the in France, as in the Praça Lavenere Machado (formerly Praça Dois Leões) on the opposite side of the museum, there are four somewhat larger-than-life size cast metal statues of wild animals, at least one of which is embossed with the name of the foundry. These castings and the replica all appear to be made of similar material and to be of similar age. It is also probable that they are near contemporaries of the actual Statue of Liberty.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: A large modern replica stands in front of the New York City Center, a shopping center constructed in 1999 in Barra da Tijuca in the State of Rio de Janeiro.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: The Havan department store chain has replicas in many of their stores. The largest one of these, 57 meters tall, is allegedly in the Barra Velha branc, in the state of Santa Catarina. There is another large replica the parking area of a Havan Department Store on the outskirts of Curitiba, in the State of Paraná, opened in 2000.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: Also, there is a small replica of the statue in Belém, in front of a Belém Importados store, near the city's port.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: In Guayaquil, a little replica gives the name of "New York" to a neighborhood in the Valle Alto area.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: In Lima the New York Casino in the Jesús María District has a small replica in the main entrance. The casino is a tribute to the state of New York and the USA.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: A small replica can be found in Vardhaman Fantasy, an amusement park in Mira Road, Mumbai along with other six wonders of the world.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: Another small replica can be found in Seven Wonders Park, a park in Kotri, Kota, Rajasthan along with other six wonders of the world.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: Siting on top of the memorial tomb of "72 Martyrs of Huanghuagang" (see Huanghuagang Uprising). The current one was re-built in 1981.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: During the Tiananmen Square protest of 1989, Chinese student demonstrators in Beijing built a 10 m (33 ft) image called the "Goddess of Democracy", which sculptor Tsao Tsing-yuan said was intentionally "dissimilar" to the Statue of Liberty to avoid being "too openly pro-American." (See article for a list of replicas of that statue.)


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: A 15 foot high replica of the Statue of Liberty is at the western entrance of the village of Arraba in Israel, near a local restaurant.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: At a highway intersection in Jerusalem called "New York Square," there is an abstract skeletal replica of the statue.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: The French Statue of Liberty from the Île aux Cygnes came to Odaiba, Tokyo, from April 1998 to May 1999 in commemoration of "The French year in Japan". Because of its popularity, in 2000 a replica of the French Statue of Liberty was erected at the same place. Also in Japan, a small Statue of Liberty is in the Amerika-mura ("American Village") shopping district in Osaka, Japan. Another replica is in Oirase near the town of Shimoda south of Misawa in Aomori Prefecture, where the United States has an 8,000-person U.S. Air Force base. A replica of the Statue of Liberty in Ishinomaki, Miyagi Prefecture, was damaged by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. There is also a replica in Oyabe, Toyama.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: There are replicas of the Statue of Liberty in Bahria Town, Lahore, and also in Bahria Town Phase 8, Islamabad.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: As early as January 1945, there were already news of a campaign that would help erect a Statue of Liberty replica in the Philippines. The said monument was supposed to be sponsored by "The Chicago Daily Times" whose goal was "to commemorate one of the great epics in the struggle for human freedom–the liberation of the Philippines."


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: Fast forward to 1950, the Boy Scouts of America was celebrating its 40th anniversary. Jack P. Whitaker, then Scout Commissioner of the Kansas City Area Council, had earlier suggested the creation and distribution of several Statue of Liberty replicas to all American states and territories, including the Philippines.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: The eight-foot statues, which were cast in bronze, were distributed all over the U.S. and the world from 1949 to 1951. Almost 200 replicas were delivered to the 39 states of the U.S. and countries such as Panama and Puerto Rico. The Boy Scouts of the Philippines, on the other hand, received its own replica in the early part of 1950.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: The statues were donated by the Boy Scouts of America as "an expression of scout brotherhood and goodwill." Their 40th anniversary theme was "Strengthen the Arm of Liberty."


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: Miniature versions of the statue were also given as gifts. The Philippines became the first independent nation to receive one of the 4,000 eight-inch statues from the Boy Scouts of America. In April 1950, the said statue was officially given by Chief Scout Executive Arthur A. Shuck to Carlos P. Romulo, then chief of the Philippine Mission to the United Nations.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: In the Philippines, several places were suggested as the site where the eight-foot bronze replica would be erected. The task of choosing the perfect site was delegated to the National Urban Planning Commission, and among those it considered were “Engineer Island, atop the proposed reviewing stand on the Rizal Park, and on the center island rotunda between the Old Legislative building and Manila City Hall.”


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: In the end, the Boy Scouts of the Philippines (BSP) erected the statue just outside Intramuros. As the icon of the United States, the replica of Lady Liberty would survive several attacks by student protesters in the 1960s. It remained standing until the early 1970s, when the BSP decided to transfer it to the Scout Reservation in Mt. Makiling which would serve as the statue's home for two decades or so.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: In a 2002 article published by the Philippine Star, then BSP PR head Nixon Canlapan revealed that the Statue of Liberty was eventually moved and stored at the BSP headquarters on Concepcion Street (now Natividad Almeda-Lopez) in Ermita, Manila.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: Turns out, the American-sponsored replica was not the first Lady Liberty in Manila. In the 1930s, one of Manila's biggest shopping stores at that time became the talk of the town not just for its products but also for its unique multi-story building. Located in Juan Luna Street, the L.R. Aguinaldo's Emporium had an Art Deco facade featuring two contrasting statues: Andres Bonifacio on the right and the Statue of Liberty on the left.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: Established by Philippine retailing pioneer Leopoldo R. Aguinaldo, the store would later become known as the Aguinaldo's Department Store. After the war, Leopoldo's son Francisco took over the business and the store was moved to Echague.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: The Echague branch in the 1950s was known for introducing its customers to quality products both from the Philippines and abroad. It also commissioned young interior designers to update the store's furniture section. Thus, the store catapulted the careers of famous designers like Myra Cruz, Edgar Ramirez, and Bonnie Ramos, among others. Aguinaldo's succumbed to the competition and closed in the 1960s. The original building in Juan Luna Street still stands, along with both the Bonifacio and the Liberty statues.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: Since the creation of the Liberty statues in Intramuros and Juan Luna Street, other Philippine provinces soon followed suit. Statue of Liberty replicas in can be found in Pangasinan and as far as Camp John Hay amphitheater in Baguio.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: The Mini Siam and Mini Europe model village, in Pattaya, has a miniature Statue of Liberty amongst others.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: There are at least two Statue of Liberty replicas (greater than 30 feet in height) in Taiwan. These two statues are in the cities of Keelung and Taipei.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: From 1887 to 1945, Hanoi was home to another copy of the statue. Measuring tall, it was erected by the French colonial government after being sent from France for an exhibition. It was known to locals unaware of its history as "" ("Statue of the Western lady wearing dress"). When the French lost control of French Indochina during World War II, the statue was toppled on 1 August 1945, after being deemed a vestige of the colonial government along with other statues erected by the French.


title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: A 30-foot replica can also be seen at the Westfield Marion shopping complex in Adelaide, South Australia.


title: RBU-6000

text: The RBU-6000 Smerch-2 (Реактивно-Бомбовая Установка, "Reaktivno-Bombovaja Ustanovka"; reaction engine-bomb installation & Смерч; waterspout) is a 213 mm caliber Soviet anti-submarine rocket launcher. It is similar in principle to the Royal Navy Hedgehog system used during the Second World War. The system entered service in 1960–1961 and is fitted to a wide range of Russian surface vessels. It consists of a horseshoe-shaped arrangement of twelve launch barrels, that are remotely directed by the Burya fire control system (that can also control the shorter ranged RBU-1000). It fires RGB-60 unguided depth charges. The rockets are normally fired in salvos of 1, 2, 4, 8 or 12 rounds. Reloading is automatic, with individual rounds being fed into the launcher by the 60UP loading system from a below deck magazine. Typical magazine capacity is either 72 or 96 rounds per launcher. It can also be used for shore bombardment.


title: RBU-6000

text: The system is an upgrade of the RBU-6000 system, firing the 90R rocket, which is actively guided in the water. This allows it to home in on targets at depths of up to . The warhead is a shaped charge, which enables it to punch through the hulls of submarines. It can also be used against divers and torpedoes. System response time is reported to be 15 seconds and a single-salvo has a kill probability of 0.8. RPK-8 entered service in 1991 and mounted on Project 1154 and 11356 frigates. Serial production of the upgraded 90R1 rocket was launched in 2017.


title: RBU-6000

text: RBU-6000 were the most widespread anti-submarine rocket launchers in the Soviet Navy, used on many ship classes.


title: Air Force Amy

text: Deanne Salinger, known professionally as Air Force Amy, is an American legal prostitute, glamour model, adult model, and reality TV performer. MSNBC has called her "a living legend in the world of sex."


title: Air Force Amy

text: Air Force Amy grew up in rural Ohio, leaving home at the age of 13. She later joined the US Air Force and served in the Philippines as an instructor.


title: Air Force Amy

text: Three months prior to being discharged from the US Air Force in 1990, she applied to the nearby Chicken Ranch brothel in Nevada, a legal brothel, and worked continuously as a legal and licensed prostitute in legal brothels in Nevada. She has worked at the Chicken Ranch, the Mustang Ranch (from 1994–97), the Sagebrush Ranch, the Cherry Patch Ranch, Sheri's Ranch, the Kit Kat Guest Ranch and the Moonlite Bunny Ranch beginning in 2000. As a legal Nevada prostitute, she works as an independent contractor who turns in half of her money made at the brothel to the house. In 2003, she earned US$10,000–$50,000 a month, according to "The New York Times". Amy persuaded her employer Dennis Hof to offer a Military Appreciation Night: a special promotion for free sex to soldiers.


title: Air Force Amy

text: Air Force Amy was featured in HBO's documentaries "Cathouse" (2002), "Cathouse 2" (2003) and "" (2005), about Nevada's Moonlite Bunny Ranch. She was called "the all-time top earner" and "the master of the game". The Season 1, Episode 5, "She's Got Game" episode (2005), included a personal profile of her. She also appeared in the 2004 BBC television program "The Brothel", on the same subject, and the 2005 documentary "Pornstar Pets".


title: Young MC

text: Marvin Young (born May 10, 1967), better known by his stage name Young M.C., is a British-born American rapper, singer and actor. He is best known for his 1989 hit "Bust a Move". His debut album "Stone Cold Rhymin'" found international acclaim; however, subsequent albums have not reached the same level of success. Young has also appeared in film in acting roles and cameo appearances and has appeared in several television programs.


title: Young MC

text: Young was born in London, to Jamaican immigrant parents. He left the United Kingdom at the age of three and later moved to Queens, New York, when he was eight years old. Young attended Hunter College High School in the Upper East Side of Manhattan (he was honored at the school’s 2018 convocation). He went on to earn a degree in Economics from the University of Southern California (USC). At USC, he met Michael Ross and Matt Dike from the record company Delicious Vinyl. Young rapped over the phone for Ross and Dike, who ended up delivering a record contract to his USC dorm room. In 1989, Young collaborated with Tone Lōc on the songs "Wild Thing" and "Funky Cold Medina". Young gained fame with the release of his single "Bust a Move", which reached No. 7 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and won a Grammy for Best Rap Performance. The single helped Young's debut album, "Stone Cold Rhymin'", to reach No. 9 on the "Billboard" 200 and attain platinum status in the United States. The follow-up single, "Principal's Office", was nominated for 'Best Rap Video' at the 1990 MTV Video Music Awards.


title: Young MC

text: Following Young's success, he left Delicious Vinyl, citing restrictions on his work and unwanted changes to his album. The label sued him for breach of contract and the two parties eventually settled out of court. Young signed with Capitol Records and released his second album, "Brainstorm", in 1991. It reached No. 66 on the Billboard 200. Despite the absence of any strong single, the album achieved gold status in the United States. However his third album, "What's the Flavor?", released in 1993, was a commercial failure, with both the album and its singles failing to chart. It was his second and final album on Capitol Records. In 1997, Young released his fourth album, "Return of the 1 Hit Wonder", on the independent label Overall Records. The album produced two singles, "Madame Buttafly" and "On & Poppin" which charted at No. 25 and No. 23 respectively on the Hot Rap Songs chart.


title: Young MC

text: In 2000, Young released his fifth album, "Ain't Goin' Out Like That", on his own record label Young Man Moving Records. The album was Young's first to chart since "Brainstorm", peaking at No. 85 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.


title: Young MC

text: In 2001, Young contributed a song "Deck the Halls" he co-wrote with Kevin Irving, to Disney's TV movie, "'Twas the Night". In 2002, he released his sixth album, "Engage the Enzyme". Also in 2002, Young appeared as a contestant on "Weakest Link – Rap Stars Edition". He was joined by Rev Run of Run-DMC, DJ Quik, Jermaine Dupri, Da Brat, B-Real of Cypress Hill, Xzibit, and Nate Dogg. Young went on to win the celebrity contest, beating Xzibit in the final round. All of the proceeds from his winnings were donated to the Humane Society.


title: Young MC

text: In December 2004, Young travelled to Vancouver to film "The Zero Sum". Young played Mr. Henderson, a publishing company executive. Film director Raphael Assaf and screenwriter Armen Evrensel asked Young to help create the film, for which he is a co-executive producer. Young also teamed up with Baltimore rapper KNOXX to record "Brotherly Love", the theme song from the film.


title: Young MC

text: In September 2005, Young was cast in the VH1 reality show "Celebrity Fit Club 3". Joining Young was Kelly Le Brock, Bruce Vilanch, Tempestt Bledsoe, Countess Vaughn, Chaz Bono, Jeff Conaway, Gunnar Nelson, and Rapper Bizarre of D12. Young won the competition, losing more weight than anybody else.


title: Young MC

text: Young also made an appearance in a special episode of "The Best Damn Sports Show Period" which featured "The Top 50 Sports Moments of the 80's". Young crafted lyrics and performed a sports-themed rap song alongside KRS-One and Kool Moe Dee.


title: Young MC

text: After twenty years of living in Los Angeles, Young relocated to Scottsdale, Arizona in 2006. He spent 2007 creating his seventh album, "Adrenaline Flow", which was released in 2008. Immediately following "Adrenaline Flow", Young released an online-only album, "B-Sides, Demos and Remixes", compiled from unreleased, remixed and re-recorded tracks.


title: Young MC

text: In 2009, Young released his eighth album, "Relentless". Later that year, Young also landed a cameo role in the Jason Reitman film "Up in the Air" starring George Clooney. Young played himself, performing at a software convention which was crashed by Clooney's character and those of his two female co-stars, Anna Kendrick and Vera Farmiga.


title: Substance 1987

text: Substance (also known as Substance 1987) is a compilation album by English alternative dance band New Order. It was released in August 1987 by Factory Records. The album compiles all of the band's singles at that point in their 12-inch versions, along with their respective B-side tracks. The then-newly released non-album single "True Faith" is also featured, along with its B-side "1963" and new versions of "Temptation" and "Confusion".


title: Substance 1987

text: "Substance" was released on vinyl, double CD, double cassette and Digital Audio Tape. It sold over one million copies and became New Order's most popular and critically acclaimed album.


title: Substance 1987

text: It is the companion to a similar singles compilation by New Order's predecessor band Joy Division, also entitled "Substance".


title: Substance 1987

text: While "Substance" presents a sizeable collection of singles, there are many omissions and differences to be found from the original single releases:


title: Substance 1987

text: The standard tape version, due to the extra space befitting the format, also contains extra tracks in the form of "Dub-vulture", "Shellcock", and "Bizarre Dub Triangle", as well as the actual "Mesh" (mislabeled "Cries and Whispers", again identically to the "Everything's Gone Green" sleeve). Only on the limited edition cassette version does "True Dub" appear, as the last track on the second tape. This second tape, with a total play time of over 100 minutes, was exceptionally long for a commercial audio tape release at the time, which were generally no more than 80 minutes due to the increasing fragility of very thin magnetic tape. On all cassette versions, "Murder" is after "Thieves Like Us" on the first cassette, whereas on the CD/DAT versions it appears on the second half of the album.


title: Substance 1987

text: The digital release of the album present on streaming services uses the same tracklist as the CD and DAT version of the album; as such, the bonus tracks present on the cassette release are absent, and "The Perfect Kiss" is cut short.


title: Substance 1987

text: "Substance" was released in August 1987 by Factory Records. According to Sputnikmusic, it showcased New Order's mix of post-punk and dance styles with 12-inch singles remixed for club play and became the band's "most popular, well known, highly rated [record] and arguably their most influential". In a contemporary review for "The Village Voice", music critic Robert Christgau said that the album's vinyl edition showcases New Order's discipline and chemistry as a band whose musical style is improved upon by the 12-inch mixes: "Pure rhythm machine with an ironically mysterious overlay of schlocky melody to help it go down, this album is a case study in sensationalist art, and I say the world is better for it." Additionally, he called "Substance" "sublime" and "a revelation" in his column for "Playboy". Christgau named it the seventh best album of 1987 in his list for the annual Pazz & Jop critics poll.


title: Substance 1987

text: In 2003, "Substance" was ranked number 363 on "Rolling Stone"s list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. According to the magazine, it had sold over one million copies by that time. "Rolling Stone" ranked the album at the same position in the list's 2012 edition. In a retrospective review for AllMusic, Stephen Thomas Erlewine wrote that the album revealed the band's strength as songwriters with a few of the best pop songs from the 1980s represented by "Blue Monday", "Bizarre Love Triangle", "Temptation", and "True Faith". According to Erlewine, it has been argued that the 12-inch mixes on "Substance" "represent New Order's most groundbreaking and successful work, since they expanded the notion of what a rock & roll band, particularly an indie rock band, could do." Joe Gross wrote in "The Rolling Stone Album Guide" (2004) that the album is "pure pleasure" and serves as "a guidebook to 1980s pop", along with Prince's "Purple Rain" (1984) and Madonna's 1990 compilation "The Immaculate Collection". "Slant Magazine"'s Sal Cinquemani was less enthusiastic and said that the album is "undeniably a product of its time". In 2005, Will Hermes included "Substance" in his "definitive guide" to dance-rock for "Spin" magazine.


title: Substance 1987

text: Substance 1989 is the video version of "Substance" that first appeared in 1989 on VHS; it was released on LaserDisc in Japan in 1991.


title: Substance 1987

text: The cover is similar to the LP, except "1987" is replaced by "1989" (though the on-screen title is "Substance 1983–88") and different background colours are used; the Factory/Qwest release has a grey background, the Japanese VHS release, blue and the LaserDisc, turquoise. The video includes linking sequences which are animated to the accompaniment of instrumental sections from "The Happy One", an otherwise unreleased track from the "Technique" sessions.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: Superman and Lois Lane are a fictional couple and the first superhero comic book romance. Created by writer Jerry Siegel and artist Joe Shuster, both characters including Superman's alter ego, Clark Kent, first appeared in DC Comics' "Action Comics #1" (June 1938). They have remained in a complicated relationship ever since. A supercouple, they are among the best known fictional couples and have appeared in multiple media adaptations.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: The characters' relationship was based for a long time in a love triangle in which Clark was interested in Lois who was smitten with the superhero Superman. Clark, unable to reveal to Lois that his mild-mannered demeanor was a ruse, was unable to compete for Lois' affection. The irony being he was his own rival in that Clark and Superman are, in fact, the same person. This love triangle and the dual identity were originally conceived in 1934. Following John Byrne's 1986 reboot, "The Man of Steel", Clark's character became not only the more dominant personality of the Clark Kent/Superman character and more outgoing, aggressive, and assertive. This allowed a more natural romance to develop between Lois and Clark.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: In the 1990s, Clark proposed marriage to Lois and revealed his identity as Superman to her. They began a long engagement, which was complicated by the death of Superman, a breakup, and several other problems. The couple married in "" (December 1996). Clark and Lois' biological child in DC Comics canon was born in "Convergence: Superman" #2 (July 2015), a son named Jon Kent, who becomes Superboy.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: Lois is the character most prominently featured with Superman, she appears in virtually every Superman comics and media adaptations and continues to be an essential part of the Superman mythos. Across decades of comics and other media adaptations, in some stories, Lois knows or suspects that Clark is Superman, sometimes this is explored for humour or plot development.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: The characters, Superman/Clark Kent and Lois Lane, were created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster. Superman was conceived as being like the ideal Hollywood romantic hero of the time, portrayed in films by actors such as Douglas Fairbanks, Clark Gable, and Rudolph Valentino. Siegel and Shuster were both fans of silent film actor Douglas Fairbanks, his films "The Mark of Zorro" (1920), "Robin Hood" (1922), and "The Black Pirate" (1926) became a huge influence on their writing and art on the Superman character. The idea of making Superman a visitor from another planet was inspired by Edgar Rice Burroughs' John Carter of Mars stories. Clark Kent's character grew out of Siegel and Shuster's own personal lives. His name is the combined names of actors Clark Gable and Kent Taylor. Clark Kent's demeanor was based on Harold Lloyd. Lois Lane was inspired by actress Glenda Farrell's portrayal of the fictional reporter Torchy Blane in a series of films. Siegel took her name from actress Lola Lane. Shuster based Lois Lane's physical appearance on a model name Joanne Carter. Carter later married co-creator Jerry Siegel in 1948.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: On the conception of Superman's dual identity, Jerry Siegel said in the 1983 "Nemo" magazine interview: "That occurred to me in late 1934, when I decided that I'd like to do Superman as a newspaper strip. I approached Joe about it, and he was enthusiastic about the possibility. I was up late one night, and more and more ideas kept coming to me, and I kept writing out several weeks of syndicate scripts for the proposed newspaper strip. When morning came, I had written several weeks of material, and I dashed over to Joe's place and showed it to him. [This was the story that appeared in Action Comics #1, June, 1938, the first published appearance of Superman.] You see, Clark Kent grew not only out of my private life but also out of Joe's. As a high school student, I thought that some day I might become a reporter, and I had crushes on several attractive girls who either didn't know I existed or didn't care I existed. As a matter of fact, some of them looked like they hoped I didn't exist. It occurred to me: What if I was real terrific? What if I had something special going for me, like jumping over buildings or throwing cars around or something like that? Then maybe they would notice me. That night when all the thoughts were coming to me, the concept came to me that Superman could have a dual identity and that in one of his identities he could be meek and mild, as I was, and wear glasses, the way I do. The heroine, who I figured would be a girl reporter, would think he was some sort of a worm, yet she would be crazy about this Superman character who could do all sorts of fabulous things. In fact, she was real wild about him, and a big inside joke was that the fellow she was crazy about was also the fellow whom she loathed. By coincidence, Joe was a carbon copy [of me]."


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: Jerry Siegel objected to any proposal that Lois discovers Clark Kent is Superman because he felt that, as implausible as Clark's disguise is, the love triangle was too important to the stories appeal. Siegel stated: "If Lois should ACTUALLY learn Clark's secret, the strip would lose about 75% of its appeal—the human interest angle. I know that a formula can possibly prove monotonous through repetition but I fear that if this element is removed from the story formula that makes up SUPERMAN, that this strip will lose a great part of its effectiveness."


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: Superman/Clark Kent and Lois Lane first appeared in "Action Comics" #1 (June 1938), other than the fact that Superman had been rocketed to Earth as an infant, his complex backstory had yet to develop. The first story includes a sequence in which Clark behaved in a cowardly fashion, leaving Lois to defend herself against an aggressive man, from whom Superman later saves her. From then on, Clark was established as a shy man attracted to Lois, while she was interested in his heroic alter ego, Superman. This remained the status quo in the comics for decades, though Lois did warm up to Clark for the most part; yet their relationship could not really advance with Lois left out of Clark's secret and the Clark Kent persona is a disguise.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: As early as the 1940s, Lois began to suspect that Clark Kent was Superman, the first such story appears in "Superman" #17 (July–August 1942) in a story titled "Man or Superman" by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster. Across decades of comics, Lois would suspect Clark is Superman and tries to prove it, but Superman always thwarts her. This theme became particularly pronounced in the 1950s and 1960s comics. In the Bronze Age of Comic Books, Lois became more of a heroic figure, more independent of Superman and was less interested in his secret identity.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: The first DC Comics story where Superman marries Lois Lane (not dreams, hoaxes or imaginary tales, but in DC canon) was in "Action Comics" #484 (June 1978). In this 40th anniversary of Superman issue, a wizard wanted to rid the world of Superman but had no idea that Superman had a secret identity. Clark, with no memory of being Superman and therefore no need to pretend to be a coward. The new take charge Clark Kent, who was fearless and bold, became very attractive to Lois Lane—proving that it was more about attitude and personality than superpowers that attracted her to Superman. Lois and the new Clark began dating, fell in love and eventually, he proposed the couple got married. On their honeymoon, when Lois saw Clark caught in a crossfire that should have killed him, but left no mark on him, she began to suspect he was really Superman. Lois tried to cut a lock of his hair, the scissors broke. As much as she loved Clark with no memory of being Superman, Lois knew that the world needed Superman and found the wizard who had cast the spell and had him reverse it. Clark remembered he was Superman but also his marriage to Lois. He took Lois to the Fortress of Solitude and married her again in a Kryptonian ceremony as Superman. From that point on, Lois and Clark/Superman of the alternate universe known as Earth-Two remained married in DC Comics. This version of the character stars in "The Superman Family" comic book in the series "Mr. and Mrs. Superman", which feature the adventures of the Earth-Two Superman and his wife, Lois Lane Kent. The couple later appeared in the 2005 "Infinite Crisis" limited series.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: In the main DC universe, things stay the same, Lois was still not allowed to discover Superman's dual identity. She loved Superman, but he said he belonged to the world and could not commit to anyone. In 1985, the DC universe went through a revamp with the "Crisis on Infinite Earths" limited series. The purpose of the year-long event was to get rid of some character histories, conflicting continuity, and overlapping worlds.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: In the 1986 two-part story "Whatever Happened to the Man of Tomorrow?" by Alan Moore and Curt Swan, that told the final tale of Superman (which was being rebooted following the events of "Crisis on Infinite Earths", before his modern introduction in the John Byrne series). The story is a frame story set ten years after Superman was last seen, where Lois Lane recounts the end of Superman's career to a reporter. The story includes numerous attacks against Superman by his enemies, the public revelation of his secret identity as Clark Kent, and a number of deaths of his friends. At the end of the story, it is revealed that Lois' husband, the car mechanic Jordan Elliot is Superman. He is without powers and living as an ordinary man with Lois and their son Jonathan. The final image is of Jordan delivering a classic Superman wink to the reader, as he and Lois continue to "live happily ever after". The story was designed to honor the long history of the Superman character and serves as a complete conclusion to his mythology.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: Following "Crisis on Infinite Earths", DC Comics released six-issue limited series "The Man of Steel" by John Byrne. The series told the story of Superman's modern origin. Superman was now never Superboy in his youth, and Clark Kent became the real person and Superman the disguise. There was finally a setting in which Lois could logically fall in love with Clark Kent because he was the real person this time; although it would take years for Lois to have romantic feeling for Clark after he scooped her on the exclusive Superman story.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: In "Superman" #44 (June 1990), the couple made peace and begin dating and fall in love. In "Superman" #50 (December 1990), Clark proposes to Lois, she accepts. Clark did not tell Lois his secret as the superhero Superman until weeks later in "Action Comics" #662 (February 1991). After contemplating the revelation and its implications, Lois decides it all comes down to love. She loves Clark and wants to spend the rest of her life with him.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: Due to the upcoming television series "", a chain of events were put into motion to prevent Clark and Lois in the comics from getting married until the TV couple was ready to get married. Superman was killed off by Doomsday in "Superman" #75 (January 1993). After a year of mourning, searching and resurrecting in "The Death and Return of Superman" storyline, Superman returned to the land of the living and the arms of Lois Lane. When Clark and Lois on the television series married in October 1996, so did their comic book counterpart in the special "" (December 1996).


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: In 2006, the couple adopts a boy, the biological son of Kryptonian villains General Zod and Ursa and named him Chris Kent in the story arc "Last Son". Although Clark is quick to embrace parenthood, Lois is more reluctant, until she sees how vulnerable and sweet Chris is, and the three of them become a happy family. When Zod invades Earth, during the battle, Chris along with his birth parents are sucked into the Phantom Zone, leaving Clark and Lois without their son and heartbroken. Chris later returned as a teenager under the guise of Nightwing.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: In the 2009 "", a six-part miniseries by Geoff Johns and Gary Frank that detailed Superman's new origin story (replacing Mark Waid's 2003 limited series "") in the post-"Infinite Crisis" DC Universe. In the series, Lois becomes Clark's mentor when he begins his employment at the "Daily Planet". The paper has been in financial trouble since Lex Luthor controls nearly every media outlet in Metropolis and the "Daily Planet" is the only major newspaper that directly attacks him. In Superman's first public appearance, he saves Lois when she falls off the LexCorp building. Understanding the flying hero's benevolence, Lois writes a positive article on him, which boosts the "Daily Planet"s sales 700%. Eventually, Luthor becomes involved with General Sam Lane, Lois' father, so that they can defeat Superman, believing him to be an alien threat. Superman defeats Metallo, a U.S. soldier converted into a cyborg, and public opinion turns in Superman's favor. In the aftermath, Clark and Lois become friendly rivals, while Superman and Lois begin to develop mutual romantic feelings.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: In 2011, DC Comics rebooted its continuity with the New 52 relaunch. In the relaunch, Lois views Clark as a friend and respects him as a journalist, but regards him as a loner who has difficulty letting people get close to him and displays no existing knowledge of his dual identity. "Superman Unchained", a nine-issue series by Scott Snyder and Jim Lee explores Clark's connection with Lois in the New 52.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: Released in April 2015, the miniseries "Convergence" features a post-"Crisis" version of a married Superman and Lois Lane. The couple is expecting the impending birth of their child, and Superman has to protect the city after it was taken out of time by a powerful alternate version of Brainiac. Convergence shows the birth of their son, Jon Kent, Clark and Lois' biological child in DC Comics canon.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: Following Convergence, DC announced a spin-off comic book series "". The eight-issue series debuting in October 2015 by Dan Jurgens and Lee Weeks is set several years after the "Convergence" event. The series focuses on Clark and Lois' relationship and their son Jon, living in the New 52 universe. Clark and Lois operating undercover- Superman discreetly helping out in a black variant of his suit and Lois writing exposes under the name 'Author X'.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: In June 2016, DC relaunched its entire line of comic book titles with DC Rebirth. DC re-established Lois and Clark's relationship and marriage in DC continuity, along with their son Jonathan, who eventually becomes the newest Superboy in DC Comics.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: The story arc "Superman Reborn" smooths over the discrepancies between the two versions of Superman and Lois Lane. According to Mr. Mxyzptlk, the creation of the New 52 caused Superman and Lois to be separated into two people: the New 52 characters that served as the protagonists of the "Superman" books in 2011-2015 and the post-"Crisis" characters that took part in the "Convergence" event and sired Jon. Mxyzptlk provides a meta-reference to their relationship and says he could not keep Superman and Lois apart when DC Comics could not; referencing the negative reactions from fans when DC dissolved their relationship at the beginning of the New 52. Thanks to Jon, the New 52 and post-"Crisis" counterparts of Superman and Lois merge into complete versions of themselves, rearranging their shared histories and accommodating them into the restored DC Universe.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: The story of the Kents continues as Jor-El, Superman's biological father, re-surfaces on Earth and offers to bring Jonathan into space so he can teach the boy how to be a proper Kryptonian. Despite Clark's protests, Jon accepts his grandfather's proposal and Lois decides to stay at Jon's side, leaving Clark alone on Earth. Weeks later, Lois and Jon return to Earth, both initially remaining distant from Superman for different reasons: Lois is writing a book about her marriage with Superman and Jon has become a teenager over the course of his journey with Jor-El.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: Aired from 1940 to 1951, the long-running radio serial "The Adventures of Superman" starring the DC Comics character Superman; for the bulk of the series run, Bud Collyer voiced Superman/Clark Kent, and Joan Alexander voiced Lois Lane.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: The first live-action appearance of Superman on film is the 1948 Columbia Pictures film serial "Superman". The fifteen part black-and-white film stars Kirk Alyn as Superman/Clark Kent and Noel Neill as Lois Lane. Both actors returned in Columbia's second live-action Superman film, "Atom Man vs. Superman" (1950). In the 1951 independent film, "Superman and the Mole Men", Superman/Clark Kent was played by George Reeves and Phyllis Coates as Lois Lane.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: The film "Superman" was released by Warner Bros. in 1978, based on the DC Comics character. Christopher Reeve portrayed Superman/Clark Kent and Margot Kidder as Lois Lane. Directed by Richard Donner with music by John Williams, the film led to three theatrical sequels, "Superman II" (1980), "Superman III" (1983) and "" (1987). In 2006, "" was released on DVD, featuring director Richard Donner's original vision for "Superman II".


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: One of the most important aspects in the first and second films was the romantic relationship between the two main characters; Clark was hopelessly in love with Lois and even gave up his powers to be with her.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: The relationship between Superman/Clark Kent and Lois Lane develops and grows over the first two films. In "Superman", Lois meets Clark when he begins working at the "Daily Planet" newspaper. She is introduced to his Superman persona when he rescues her from a helicopter accident. Lois quickly becomes enamoured with Superman and accepts his offer to be interviewed for the newspaper. During the interview, she learns about Superman's homeworld, his abilities, and takes a fly in the sky over Metropolis. Lois later dies in an earthquake caused by Lex Luthor in the climax of the first film. Superman is so distraught by her death that he flies around the globe at supernatural speed, travelling backward in time and preventing the earthquake from occurring, saving Lois' life.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: In "Superman II", Lois becomes suspicious of Clark and eventually discovers he is Superman. Clark tells Lois more about himself, flying her to the Fortress of Solitude and revealing that he loves her. Wanting to spend his life with Lois, Clark uses a Kryptonian device to alter his DNA, making him human. Soon after, Clark and Lois learn that three Kryptonian have arrived on Earth and is threatening humanity. Clark decides to restore his powers and defeats the Kryptonians. Later, Clark finds Lois upset about knowing his secret and not being able to be open about her true feelings. Clark kisses Lois, using his abilities to wipe her mind of her knowledge of the past few days.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: A different love interest for Superman played by Annette O'Toole was introduced in the third film. With Kidder returning as the female lead and Superman's love in "Superman IV".


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: The 2006 film "Superman Returns" serves as a homage sequel to the motion pictures "Superman" (1978) and "Superman II" (1980). Brandon Routh played the role of Superman/Clark Kent and Kate Bosworth as Lois Lane.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: In the film, Superman has disappeared for many years. On his return to Earth, he finds the world he left behind has changed in ways he did not expect. Lois is a mother and is engaged to Richard White (Perry White's nephew). Lois and Richard's son, Jason White, is later revealed to be Superman's son after the child begins to show superpowers.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: In 2013 Warner Bros. released "Man of Steel", directed by Zack Snyder and produced by Christopher Nolan, and the first film in the DC Extended Universe. Henry Cavill stars in the title role as Superman/Clark Kent and Amy Adams as Lois Lane.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: In "Man of Steel", unlike in previous adaptations, Lois was made aware of Clark's identity as Superman very early on in the film. The traditional love triangle between Clark Kent, Lois Lane, and Superman was removed. This was part of an effort to reinvent Superman in the modern world. Warner Bros. initially questioned the decision, but screenwriter David S. Goyer insisted that Lois should know Clark's secret as Superman; because they are trying to depict Superman in a more realistic, more relatable way. Goyer said sidestepping the alter ego problem is not an issue with Lois. Moving forward, Lois will be Clark's secret keeper, and they will be in a real relationship.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: Director Zack Snyder said Lois needed to be a match for Superman, a girl who intrigues him. Snyder describes Superman is "falling in love" with the reporter and affirm the bond between Clark and Lois is a vital part of the film. Producer Deborah Snyder said while Lois and Superman immediately click, their upbringings are on opposite ends of a cultural gulf that make their romance like the pairing of a country mouse with a city mouse. "The fact that he picks Lois makes him better. Because Lois is not the obvious choice. She's difficult, she's sophisticated, she's from the city, she's all the things that he's not. They make a really interesting couple, but a complicated couple," Deborah explained. Deborah also stated that although Superman saves Lois physically, she saves him emotionally.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: Amy Adams saw a lot to like about Lois' straightforward approachability, a quality that would appeal to a Kansas farm boy. "I think there was a great juxtaposition between this sort of Man of Steel and woman of Earth," Adams said. Henry Cavill says it is essential for Lois to know Clark's secret and that she saves him just as much as he saves her. "I think the interaction between Lois and Superman is that she is obviously Superwoman, in a societal sense. And then she's finally found this one guy who can literally sweep her off her feet," Cavill said. Cavill also noted: "What is between Clark and Lois is a very personal thing. He opens her eyes to a world she didn't know existed and she opens his eyes to the idea of what he sees as a more normal existence."


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: In the film, Lois first meets Clark Kent in the Arctic, while writing a story about a scientific discovery of an unidentified object found in the Arctic ice. There, Lois follows Clark to the buried Kryptonian scout ship and became aware of his abilities, when Clark saved and heals her after she was attacked by a Kryptonian drone. Over the next several weeks Lois begins to search for Clark's identity, by tracking down his activities in the past few years. Lois eventually arrives in his hometown Smallville and speaks with his mother Martha Kent. Clark and Lois meet again in the Smallville cemetery. And after revealing to Lois about his father's death, Lois decides to keep Clark's identity a secret.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: When General Zod arrives on Earth and demands the humans to surrender Kal-El (Clark), Lois is arrested by the FBI, on the belief, she knows the identity of Kal-El. Clark agrees to hand himself into the government in exchange for Lois' freedom. Later both Clark and Lois are taken to General Zod's ship and are interrogated by Zod's forces. Clark manages to defeat Zod's forces with the help of both Lois and Jor-El. At the battle of Metropolis Clark kissed Lois before Zod arrives and attacked him. Clark ultimately ended the fight by killing Zod, when Lois arrived she consoles him. Some time afterward, Clark decides to join the "Daily Planet" and is introduced to Lois as a new stringer, and Lois plays along with his new secret identity.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: Amy Adams and Henry Cavill reprise their roles in "" (2016). Clark and Lois are now dating and living together. Lois' connection to Superman has prompted some to use her against the Kryptonian hero, with Lex Luthor initiating his plan against Superman by arranging for Lois to be abducted by insurgents and threatened so that Superman's intervention would create a potential international incident. However, Clark's love for her also prompts him to regain faith in himself after failing to stop a bomb plot by Luthor, and ultimately convinces him to sacrifice himself to kill Doomsday and likely save the world, as his last words are "you are my world". At the end of the film, after Superman's death, Martha gives Lois an engagement ring which Clark originally planned to give her.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: Henry Cavill and Amy Adams reprise their roles in "Justice League" (2017). On what role does Lois Lane fulfill for Superman, Cavill stated that: "I think Lois was, and is, a true anchor for Superman, and she always has been."


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: Lois is still grieving over Clark's death and is writing fluff pieces for the "Daily Planet". Batman and his allies decide to use the Mother Box to resurrect Superman to help them fight off Steppenwolf and his Parademon army (but also to restore hope to mankind). Superman is successfully resurrected, however, his memories have not returned and attacks the league. Lois becomes Batman's secret contingency plan and helps calm Superman down. Clark leaves with Lois to his family home in Smallville where he tries to recover his memories. Clark and Lois reaffirm their love for each other before Superman join the battle against Steppenwolf.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: In Zack Snyder's 2021 director's cut of "Justice League", Lois has stopped coming into her job at the "Daily Planet" due to her grief and visits Superman's monument in Heroes Park regularly until convinced by Martian Manhunter (posing as Martha Kent) to go back to work. After visiting the monument one last time, she witnesses Clark's revival and runs to him as he battles the other heroes. Lois is revealed to be pregnant with Clark's child, and Superman sensing her pregnancy helped calm him during the fight with the other heroes. The "Snyder Cut" and "Batman v Superman" both allude to a dark future timeline in which Darkseid takes over the world and enslaves Superman with the Anti-Life Equation after killing Lois.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: "Adventures of Superman" is an American television series in the 1950s. The show is the first live-action television series to feature the comic book character Superman and began filming in 1951. Sponsored by the cereal company Kellogg's, the series ran from September 1952 to April 1958 and starring George Reeves as Clark Kent/Superman and Phyllis Coates as Lois Lane in the first season. Noel Neill played Lois from seasons two to season six opposite Reeves.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: The series follows Superman as he battles crooks, gangsters, and other villains in the city of Metropolis while masquerading as the "Daily Planet" reporter Clark Kent. Lois Lane and Jimmy Olsen, Clark's colleagues at the office, often find themselves in dangerous situations which can only be resolved with Superman's timely intervention.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: "" is a live-action television series in the 1990s, based on the comic book character Superman. The series takes us from the moment Clark Kent/Superman arrives in Metropolis and applies for a job at the Daily Planet, to his first meeting with Lois Lane, through to their romantic relationship and eventual marriage.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: The series ran from 1993 to 1997 and stars Dean Cain as Superman/Clark Kent and Teri Hatcher as Lois Lane. The show loosely followed John Byrne's six-issue comic book series, "The Man of Steel", which significantly rewrote Superman's origin, with Clark Kent as the true personality and Superman a disguise. The main characteristic of this series is that it gave special focus on the relationship between Clark and Lois.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: In the series, Jonathan and Martha Kent witness the crash-landing of a small spaceship in Shuster's Field near Smallville, Kansas in 1966. When they investigate the craft, they discover the baby Kal-El and decide to raise him as their own, naming him Clark Jerome Kent. 27 years later, Clark moves to Metropolis and gets a job at the "Daily Planet". There, he is partnered with Lois Lane, who at first considers him little more than a pest. Eventually, the two fall in love and marry, after a turbulent courtship: including Lois being kidnapped by Lex Luthor and replaced with a frog eating clone, Lois suffering from amnesia, and Clark being called away to serve as a leader on New Krypton. Clark and Lois finally get married in the episode "Swear to God, This Time We're Not Kidding." Their marriage on the television series was timed to coincide with the release of the comic book special "", which depicts the couple's wedding in DC Comics.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: The television series "Smallville" aired from 2001 to 2011. The series began with a teenage Clark Kent (Tom Welling) learning to balance the demands of his powers with his desire to lead a normal life. It shows Clark's reluctance to accept his Kryptonian heritage, his responsibility for his abilities, his longing desire to be normal and his constant fear of people discovering his secret. In the series, Clark's affection began with Lana Lang, his childhood crush in the comics. Lois Lane (Erica Durance) was introduced in the fourth season as Chloe Sullivan's cousin. Clark and Lois first developed a friendship and in later seasons a romantic interaction; with Clark gradually starts to fall in love with Lois and realize that she is the one for him, and eventually revealing his alien origin to her. Clark and Lois' relationship in "Smallville" was on "TV Guide's" "Best TV Couples of All Time".


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: The writers of the show were constrained to limit the usage of Clark and Lois' romantically relationship, and in the Lois Lane character in general. At Wizard World Philadelphia Erica Durance revealed that; "DC Comics has really clamped down on Lois. You can't do a dream sequence (with her and Clark) or any of that sneaky stuff". Starting from season 6 (after the release of "Superman Returns") the restrictions on Lois and Clark's romance were less restricted. Throughout the series, the show foreshadowed Clark and Lois' future romances, which was woven throughout their interactions from the moment Lois was introduced to the series. Including Lois revealing that a fortune teller once told her that she was destined to fall for a guy who flies a lot and likes to wear tights, or saying she prefers geeks in glasses. And numerous other hints and comments made by Clark or Lois, and other characters on the show.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: In season 4, at the end of the episode "Lucy", after Clark and Lois admit for the first time that they have become friends, two stars collide, referring to Clark and Lois as coming together.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: In season 5, series producer Darren Swimmer describes the relationship between Clark and Lois in the fifth season as "a bit of a melting of the ice". The two characters continue to "butt heads", but the audience can see where there is a growing attraction and that either would be there for the other in a time of need. Erica Durance feels that in season five it is not yet clear if either character realizes the attraction, but the joking between the two characters represents a foreshadowing of a greater relationship. Durance sees season five as being too soon for the characters to be "in-love" because they are still getting to know each other.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: In season 6, the relationship between Clark and Lois is still undefined for the audience. Erica Durance described the relationship between Clark and Lois in season six as something neither character wanted to put an official label on. The pair has learned to deal with each other's "quirks", but there are still moments that both feel uncomfortable with. Durance believes that Clark and Lois are satisfied with identifying with a "brother-sister friendship" label, rather than trying to discover how they both truly feel about each other. Writer Brian Peterson describes Lois' relationship with Oliver Queen in season six as a precursor to her future relationship with Clark. Peterson sees the dynamic between Lois and Oliver—with Lois willingness to accept Oliver's secret identity as Green Arrow—mirroring the relationship Lois will have with Clark. In the episode "Hydro", Clark and Lois share their first kiss. However, Lois was unaware that she was kissing Clark, as he was disguising himself as Green Arrow (Oliver, Lois' boyfriend at the time). In the episode "Crimson", Clark is infected by Red Kryptonite (which in the series removes his inhibitions) Clark's action, behavior and his conversation with his mother, shows that he was attracted to Lois at some level.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: In season 7, Clark and Lois made a huge progression in their relationship. In the episode "Siren", Lois (after breaking up with Oliver Queen) in a very emotionally vulnerable state told Clark that she knows what it's like to love someone who has a destiny greater than her own. In the episode "Apocalypse" (which heavily underlines the Superman mythos) Jor-El sent Clark to an alternate reality where Clark never came to Earth, and Lois meeting Clark Kent for the first time at the "Daily Planet" and the two character have an instant attraction to each other. And Clark exposing his powers to save Lois' life and working with her to stop president Lex Luthor's plans for world domination.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: In season 8, Clark and Lois took another crucial step towards their relationship, with Clark start to work at the "Daily Planet" working alongside Lois. The writers for the series stated that in season eight, Lois finds out about her true feelings towards Clark. Erica Durance describes season eight as a lesson in duality, with Clark realizing that he has to be two different people if he wants to have a life and save the day. Durance believes that the same applies to Lois. Durance explains, "[Lois has] got her confidence as a journalist and on the inside, she's going oh my god I'm truly in love with [Clark], more in love than I've ever been with anyone." In the episode "Instinct", Maxima, an alien princess who came to Earth to seek a suitable mate, chose Clark. When Lois broke Maxima's spell over Clark, Maxima confronts Lois; saying that Clark's attraction to Lois and the bond between them was the only way that Clark was able to resist her spell. In the episode "Committed", Lois was put under a lie detector test by a serial killer and admitted that she was in love with Clark. In the episode "Bride", the two shared many moments of attraction towards each other and almost sharing a kiss, but was interrupted by the return of Lana. At the end of the season, Lois was sent to the future. Clark believing Lois was killed in Doomsday's attack on the city (this and the death of Jimmy Olsen) leads him to leave behind his human identity and fully embrace only his Kryptonian side.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: In season 9, Lois returns to the present in the episode "Savior" but has lost her memory of when and where she has been. Lois' reappearance breaks Clark's self-imposed exile, prompting him to return to the "Daily Planet". Soon, the two were seen flirting much more. In the first nine episodes, Lois is seen having dreams and visions of the future, which includes her and Clark making love. In the episode "Crossfire", Clark finally shows his true feeling for Lois and kissed her, which Lois reciprocated in the episode "Idol". In the episode "Pandora", the truth of what Lois saw in her visions is revealed. At the end of the episode, Clark and Lois decide to become an official couple. Throughout the rest of season nine, the two took slow steps in their relationship because both want this relationship to be the one they "got right". In the season finale episode "Salvation", as the Blur, Clark kissed Lois and she discovers his secret as the superhero vigilante, the Blur. It is made clear in the season ten premiere episode "Lazarus" Clark doesn't realize that Lois knows his secret.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: In season 10, several new milestones occurred in their relationship; from "I love you" exchanged, Clark revealing his secret as the Blur to Lois, to them consummating their love. In the episode "Ambush", it is implied that Clark asked Sam Lane (Lois' father) for her hand in marriage. Clark reveals the engagement ring in the episode "Abandoned" and proposed to Lois in the episode "Icarus", which Lois happily accepts. Over the course of the season, the two grow closer than ever, learning to rely on each other and help each other through challenges both normal and super. Their wedding ceremony occurred in the series finale, only to be interrupted by the coming of Darkseid and his planet Apokolips. Clark defeated the evil entity and saved the world, and finally becomes Superman. A flash forward to the future depicts Clark and Lois working as reporters seven years later at the "Daily Planet" and still trying to find the right time to get married.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: In 2019, Durance and Welling reprised their roles as Lois and Clark in the Arrowverse crossover event "Crisis on Infinite Earths". Set ten years after the "Smallville" series, Lois and Clark are now married with young daughters, and Clark gave up his superpowers to be with his family.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: Tyler Hoechlin portrayed Superman/Clark Kent with Elizabeth Tulloch as Lois Lane in The CW Arrowverse television series. Superman was introduced in the second season of "Supergirl". Lois first appeared in the 2018 crossover event "Elseworlds" in the series "The Flash" and "Supergirl".


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: The executive producers stated that Clark and Lois have a strong partnership. Tyler Hoechlin says Clark and Lois "obviously have a very strong relationship that's been going like that for a while. It's deeper into the relationship, so there's that comfortability factor and they know each other so well. They really kind of have a life together."


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: When Superman arrives in National City in the episode "The Adventures of Supergirl", Clark and Lois were first mentioned as being a couple. In the episode "Nevertheless, She Persisted", Clark reveals to Kara that his love for Lois motivates him in every fight. Whenever he fights, no matter who it's against or where it is, his always fighting for Lois. He fights with Lois in his heart. The people we love is another secret to the superpower.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: In "The Flash" episode "Elseworlds" part 1, Kara Danvers/Supergirl is visiting her cousin on the Kent farm in Smallville to seek advice and spend time with Clark and Lois, who recently visited Argo City to learn more about the Kryptonian culture, with Lois intent to write an article detailing their visit, despite Clark's objections. When Oliver Queen and Barry Allen with swapped abilities arrives at the Kent farm on Earth-38 to get help from Kara, she introduces them to Clark and Lois. When Cisco Ramon arrives to inform them about the Amazo rampage in Central City, Clark leaves with them to join the fight.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: In the "Supergirl" episode "Elseworlds" part 3, Lois, wielding a lightning hammer and Superman go to Earth-1 to assists Supergirl, Green Arrow, Brainiac 5, J'onn J'onzz, and the Flash in fighting John Deegan in the form of a black suit-wearing Superman. After defeating John Deegan and returning to Earth-38, Clark and Lois reveal to Kara that Lois is pregnant and they will be returning to Argo City for an extended period, leaving Kara to defend the Earth. Later, at the Fortress of Solitude, Clark proposes to Lois with a diamond ring made from coal. She happily accepts and kisses him.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: In the 2019 crossover "Crisis on Infinite Earths", Lois and Clark are married and is living on Argo City with their infant son Jonathan. The couple and their son evacuated to Earth and helped the earth's heroes defeated the Anti-Monitor. Following the crisis, the multiverse is restored but changed, with Lois and Clark now have two sons.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: In 2021, Tyler Hoechlin and Elizabeth Tulloch reprise their roles as Superman/Clark Kent and Lois Lane in the television series "Superman & Lois". Jordan Elsass and Alexander Garfin play Lois and Clark's teenage sons Jonathan Kent and Jordan Kent. The series follows the life and adventures of Clark and Lois as they deal with all the stress, pressures and complexities that come with being working parents in today's society.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: The first animated appearance of Superman, released in Technicolor by Paramount Pictures in a series of animated short films. They are collectively known as "The Fleischer Superman cartoons". A total of seventeen films were produced from 1941 to 1943. Fleischer Studios made the first nine animated short and Famous Studios produced the final eight. "Superman", the first animated short was nominated for an Academy Award in 1942 and was voted #33 of the 50 Greatest Cartoons of all time. Bud Collyer voiced Superman/Clark Kent and Joan Alexander voiced Lois Lane.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: "" aired on Kids' WB from September 1996 to February 2000. Tim Daly voiced Superman/Clark Kent and Dana Delany as Lois Lane.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: When developing the series, the producers made the decision to establish Lois as a character much more grounded in her Golden Age roots, that of a sharp, aggressive, and career-minded reporter who wasn't afraid to dig deep into the Metropolis dirt to gain a story, with Clark Kent as the voice of caution and reason in his alter-ego, and as the well-meaning, boy scout in his role as Superman.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: In the series, already accustomed to a world filled with madmen, Superman's heroics in Metropolis do not impress Lois initially, and her professional rivalry with his alter-ego Clark Kent isn't any better. Lois is severely territorial over her stories and constantly teases Clark by calling him "Smallville" (a line adapted in the comics and the "Smallville" television series.)


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: Following a trip to an alternate universe in "Brave New Metropolis," Lois is surprised and dismayed to find Superman has sold out to Lex Luthor after her alternate self-was killed, finally beginning to realize she meant much more to Superman. After this version of Superman saved the world from Lex Luthor's dominion, Lois kissed him before returning to her own reality, becoming much closer to Superman afterward, aware of how delicate his feelings are. Lois also became more affectionate to Clark as the series progressed, confiding in him as a friend, though their rivalry at times became more heated on a personal basis because of this. In the three-part story "World's Finest," Bruce Wayne CEO of Wayne Enterprises arrived in Metropolis and starts a relationship with Lois. Lois actually considers moving to Gotham City, much to Clark's dismay. But Lois eventually learned that Bruce Wayne was the Gotham City vigilante Batman, and ended the relationship.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: In "The Late Mr. Kent," Clark is forced to fake his death in order to sniff out an assassin who has targeted his alter-ego. Unaware of his survival, Lois takes the loss of her partner hard and becomes consumed with uncovering the truth behind his murder, enlisting Superman's help. Whilst investigating Clark's apartment, Lois breaks down, admitting to Superman that she respected and really liked Clark, but never told him. Lois and Superman continued to have a friendly, yet distanced relationship, neither really taking the first step until the events of the series finale "Legacy", where Superman is briefly turned against the world by Darkseid. After overcoming the threat of Apokolips yet again, Superman admits to Lois that it will take him a long time to restore humanity's faith in him; but Lois assures him he's already got one less human to worry about and kisses him. In the animated series "Justice League Unlimited" (where Superman was voiced by George Newbern), the two continue to date while Lois maintains a more amiable relationship with Clark.


title: Superman and Lois Lane

text: Jack Quaid and Alice Lee will voice Superman/Clark Kent and Lois Lane in the upcoming HBO Max and Cartoon Network animated series "My Adventures With Superman". The series follows the adventures of Clark, Lois and Jimmy Olsen as an investigative reporting team at the Daily Planet. It features a young Clark Kent, new to his powers, as he builds his secret Superman identity and embraces his role as the hero of Metropolis and the world, and Lois as a star investigative journalist. Sharing adventures, taking down bad guys, all the while falling in love with each other.


title: Socialist Republic of Macedonia

text: The Socialist Republic of Macedonia (), or SR Macedonia, commonly referred to as Socialist Macedonia or Yugoslav Macedonia, was one of the six constituent republics of the post-World War II Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and a nation state of the Macedonians. After the transition of the political system to parliamentary democracy in 1990, the Republic changed its official name to Republic of Macedonia in 1991, and with the beginning of the breakup of Yugoslavia, it declared itself an independent country and held a referendum on 8 September 1991 on which a sovereign and independent state of Macedonia, with a right to enter into any alliance with sovereign states of Yugoslavia was approved.


title: Socialist Republic of Macedonia

text: Geographically, SR Macedonia bordered Albania to the west, Greece to the south and Bulgaria to the east. Within Yugoslavia, it bordered SR Serbia (including SAP Kosovo) to the north. It was one of two constituent republics of Yugoslavia that were landlocked.