title: Cannabis and religion

text: Part of the Rastafari movement, elders of the 20th-century religious movement known as the Ethiopian Zion Coptic Church, consider cannabis to be the "eucharist", claiming it as an oral tradition from Ethiopia dating back to the time of Christ.


title: Cannabis and religion

text: Scientology opposes the use of cannabis, and made "Truth About Marijuana" the focus of their 2016 World Health Day presentation.


title: Cannabis and religion

text: In Sikhism, the First Sikh Guru, Guru Nanak, stated that using any mind altering substance (without medical purposes) is a distraction to keeping the mind clean of the name of God. According to the "Sikh Rehat Maryada", "A Sikh must not take hemp (cannabis), opium, liquor, tobacco, in short any intoxicant. His only routine intake should be food and water".


title: Cannabis and religion

text: However, there exists a tradition of Sikhs using edible cannabis, often in the form of the beverage bhang, particularly among the Sikh community known as Nihang.


title: Cannabis and religion

text: Beginning around the 4th century, Taoist texts mentioned using cannabis in censers. Needham cited the (ca. 570 AD) Taoist encyclopedia "Wushang Biyao" () ("Supreme Secret Essentials") that cannabis was added into ritual incense-burners, and suggested the ancient Taoists experimented systematically with "hallucinogenic smokes". The "Yuanshi shangzhen zhongxian ji" 元始上真眾仙記 ("Records of the Assemblies of the Perfected Immortals"), which is attributed to Ge Hong (283-343), says:


title: Cannabis and religion

text: Lady Wei Huacun () (252-334) and Xu Mi () (303-376) founded the Taoist Shangqing School. The Shangqing scriptures were supposedly dictated to Yang Xi () (330-c. 386) in nightly revelations from immortals, and Needham proposed Yang was "aided almost certainly by cannabis". The "Mingyi bielu" () ("Supplementary Records of Famous Physicians"), written by the Taoist pharmacologist Tao Hongjing (456-536), who also wrote the first commentaries to the Shangqing canon, says, "Hemp-seeds () are very little used in medicine, but the magician-technicians ("shujia" 術家) say that if one consumes them with ginseng it will give one preternatural knowledge of events in the future." A 6th-century AD Taoist medical work, the "Wuzangjing" () ("Five Viscera Classic") says, "If you wish to command demonic apparitions to present themselves you should constantly eat the inflorescences of the hemp plant."


title: Cannabis and religion

text: Joseph Needham connected myths about Magu, "the Hemp Damsel", with early Daoist religious usages of cannabis, pointing out that Magu was goddess of Shandong's sacred Mount Tai, where cannabis "was supposed to be gathered on the seventh day of the seventh month, a day of seance banquets in the Taoist communities."


title: Cannabis and religion

text: Other religions have been founded in the past century that treat cannabis as a sacrament. They include the Santo Daime church, the THC Ministry, Cantheism, the Cannabis Assembly, the Church of Cognitive Therapy (COCT Ministry), Temple 420, Green Faith Ministries, the Church of Cognizance, the Church of the Universe, the Free Marijuana Church of Honolulu, the First Cannabis Church of Florida World Wide, the Free Life Ministry Church of Canthe, the Church of Higher Consciousness, and the federally tax-exempt inFormer Ministry Collective of Palms Springs, California.


title: Cannabis and religion

text: The Temple of the True Inner Light believes that cannabis is one of the parts of God's body, along with the classical psychedelics: mescaline, psilocybin, LSD, and DMT. The First Church of Cannabis Inc. officially gained legal recognition in Indiana in 2015 following the passage of that state's Religious Freedom Restoration Act. Nonprofit religious organization Elevation Ministries opened its Denver headquarters, known as the International Church of Cannabis, on 20 April, 2017.


title: Cannabis and religion

text: Some modern spiritual figures like Ram Dass openly acknowledge that the use of cannabis has allowed them to gain a more spiritual perspective and use the herb frequently for both its medicinal and mind-altering properties.


title: Cannabis and religion

text: In Mexico, followers of the growing cult of Santa Muerte regularly use marijuana smoke in purification ceremonies, with marijuana often taking the place of incense used in mainstream Catholic rituals.


title: Sulfide

text: Sulfide (British English also sulphide) is an inorganic anion of sulfur with the chemical formula S or a compound containing one or more S ions. Solutions of sulfide salts are corrosive. "Sulfide" also refers to chemical compounds large families of inorganic and organic compounds, e.g. lead sulfide and dimethyl sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide (HS) and bisulfide (SH) are the conjugate acids of sulfide.


title: Sulfide

text: The sulfide ion, S, does not exist in aqueous alkaline solutions of NaS. Instead sulfide converts to hydrosulfide:


title: Sulfide

text: Oxidation of sulfide is a complicated process. Depending on the conditions, the oxidation can produce elemental sulfur, polysulfides, polythionates, sulfite, or sulfate. Metal sulfides react with halogens, forming sulfur and metal salts.


title: Sulfide

text: Aqueous solutions of transition metals cations react with sulfide sources (HS, NaHS, NaS) to precipitate solid sulfides. Such inorganic sulfides typically have very low solubility in water, and many are related to minerals with the same composition (see below). One famous example is the bright yellow species CdS or "cadmium yellow". The black tarnish formed on sterling silver is AgS. Such species are sometimes referred to as salts. In fact, the bonding in transition metal sulfides is highly covalent, which gives rise to their semiconductor properties, which in turn is related to the deep colors. Several have practical applications as pigments, in solar cells, and as catalysts. The fungus "Aspergillus niger" plays a role in the solubilization of heavy metal sulfides.


title: Sulfide

text: Many important metal ores are sulfides. Significant examples include: argentite (silver sulfide), cinnabar (mercury sulfide), galena (lead sulfide), molybdenite (molybdenum sulfide), pentlandite (nickel sulfide), realgar (arsenic sulfide), and stibnite (antimony), sphalerite (zinc sulfide), and pyrite (iron disulfide), and chalcopyrite (iron-copper sulfide).


title: Sulfide

text: Dissolved free sulfides (HS, HS and S) are very aggressive species for the corrosion of many metals such as steel, stainless steel, and copper. Sulfides present in aqueous solution are responsible for stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of steel, and is also known as sulfide stress cracking. Corrosion is a major concern in many industrial installations processing sulfides: sulfide ore mills, deep oil wells, pipelines transporting soured oil, Kraft paper factories.


title: Sulfide

text: Microbially-induced corrosion (MIC) or biogenic sulfide corrosion are also caused by sulfate reducing bacteria producing sulfide that is emitted in the air and oxidized in sulfuric acid by sulfur oxidizing bacteria. Biogenic sulfuric acid reacts with sewerage materials and most generally causes mass loss, cracking of the sewer pipes and ultimately, structural collapse. This kind of deterioration is a major process affecting sewer systems worldwide and leading to very high rehabilitation costs.


title: Sulfide

text: Oxidation of sulfide can also form thiosulfate () an intermediate species responsible for severe problems of pitting corrosion of steel and stainless steel while the medium is also acidified by the production of sulfuric acid when oxidation is more advanced.


title: Sulfide

text: In organic chemistry, "sulfide" usually refers to the linkage C–S–C, although the term thioether is less ambiguous. For example, the thioether dimethyl sulfide is CH–S–CH. Polyphenylene sulfide (see below) has the empirical formula CHS. Occasionally, the term sulfide refers to molecules containing the –SH functional group. For example, methyl sulfide can mean CH–SH. The preferred descriptor for such SH-containing compounds is thiol or mercaptan, i.e. methanethiol, or methyl mercaptan.


title: Sulfide

text: Confusion arises from the different meanings of the term "disulfide". Molybdenum disulfide (MoS) consists of separated sulfide centers, in association with molybdenum in the formal +4 oxidation state (that is, Mo and two S). Iron disulfide (pyrite, FeS) on the other hand consists of , or S–S dianion, in association with divalent iron in the formal +2 oxidation state (ferrous ion: Fe). Dimethyldisulfide has the chemical binding CH–S–S–CH, whereas carbon disulfide has no S–S bond, being S=C=S (linear molecule analog to CO). Most often in sulfur chemistry and in biochemistry, the disulfide term is commonly ascribed to the sulfur analogue of the peroxide –O–O– bond. The disulfide bond (–S–S–) plays a major role in the conformation of proteins and in the catalytic activity of enzymes.


title: Sulfide

text: Many metal sulfides are so insoluble in water that they are probably not very toxic. Some metal sulfides, when exposed to a strong mineral acid, including gastric acids, will release toxic hydrogen sulfide.


title: Sulfide

text: Hydrogen sulfide, some of its salts, and almost all organic sulfides have a strong and putrid stench; rotting biomass releases these.


title: Sulfide

text: The systematic names "sulfanediide" and "sulfide(2−)", valid IUPAC names, are determined according to the substitutive and additive nomenclatures, respectively. However, the name sulfide is also used in compositional IUPAC nomenclature which does not take the nature of bonding involved. Examples of such naming include selenium disulfide and titanium sulfide, which contain no sulfide ions.


title: 8th arrondissement of Paris

text: The 8th arrondissement of Paris ("VIII arrondissement") is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France. In spoken French, the arrondissement is colloquially referred to as "le huitième" ("the eighth").


title: 8th arrondissement of Paris

text: The arrondissement, called Élysée, is situated on the right bank of the River Seine and centred on the Avenue des Champs-Élysées. The 8th arrondissement is, together with the 1st, 9th, 16th and 17th arrondissements, one of Paris's main business districts. According to the 1999 census, it was the place of employment of more people than any other single arrondissement of the capital. It is also the location of many places of interest, among them the Champs-Élysées, the Arc de Triomphe (partial) and the Place de la Concorde, as well as the Élysée Palace, the official residence and office of the President of France.


title: 8th arrondissement of Paris

text: Most French fashion luxury brands have their main store in 8th arrondissement, Avenue Montaigne or Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré, both in the Champs-Élysées Avenue shopping district. As of 2019, the 8th arrondissement had a population of 35,655.


title: 8th arrondissement of Paris

text: In 1999, it had almost a third of that number, with 39,310 residents. It is one of Paris's least densely populated arrondissements and contains 1.8% of the total population of Paris.


title: 8th arrondissement of Paris

text: The head offices of AXA, Bouygues, Électricité de France (EDF), Eurazeo, Sanofi-Aventis, Engie, HSBC Continental Europe, and Suez Environnement are located in this arrondissement. Standard & Poor's' France office is located in the 8th arrondissement. Air China and China Southern Airlines have their Paris offices in the arrondissement.


title: 8th arrondissement of Paris

text: At one time the head office of Union des Transports Aériens was located in this arrondissement. The predecessor airline Union Aéromaritime de Transport also had its head office in the 8th arrondissement. When Suez existed, its head office was in the 8th arrondissement. When Unibail existed, its head office was in the arrondissement. At one time Groupe Danone had its head office in the 8th arrondissement. At one time Alcatel-Lucent's head office was located in the arrondissement. At one time Northwest Airlines had its Paris offices in the Madeleine station. At one time All Nippon Airways operated a sales office in the arrondissement.


title: 8th arrondissement of Paris

text: There are two public sixth-form colleges ("lycée") in the 8th arrondissement: Lycée Chaptal and Lycée Racine.


title: 8th arrondissement of Paris

text: The "École de langue japonaise de Paris" (パリ日本語補習校 "Pari Nihongo Hoshūkō"), a supplementary Japanese education programme, has its offices at the "Association Amicale des Ressortissants Japonais en France" (AARJF) in the 8th arrondissement. The classes are held at the "École Maternelle et Primaire Saint Francois d'Eylau" in the 16th arrondissement.


title: Rampant (film)

text: Rampant is a 2018 South Korean period action zombie film directed by Kim Sung-hoon. It was released on October 25, 2018. The film features a clash between exiled prince Lee Chung (Hyun Bin) and the Joseon minister of War Kim Ja-joon (Jang Dong-gun) with the backdrop of a spreading zombie plague. It received mixed reviews from critics and was a box office bomb, grossing $12.4 million worldwide against a production budget of $15 million.


title: Rampant (film)

text: In the Joseon dynasty, King Lee Jo is viewed as overly deferential to the nearby Qing dynasty of China. His son, Crown Prince Lee Young, plots to buy European arquebuses to drive away the Qing. The plot is exposed by War Minister Kim Ja-joon, who holds influence over the king and frames it as a rebellion. Kim meets the Europeans and learns that they have brought zombies (called "night demons"). The crown prince commits suicide as penance so that his subordinates will be spared. Joseon forces destroy the European ship and retrieve the arquebuses, but a Joseon soldier is bitten by a zombie. He returns to his village, where he turns and spreads the infection. The zombies crave human meat and blood, are attracted by sounds, repelled by sunlight, and are stopped by decapitation or piercing of the heart, as well as separation of spinal vertebrae but methods of killing are inconsistent.


title: Rampant (film)

text: The crown prince left a request that his wife Gyeong-bin and unborn child be raised by his younger brother Lee Chung in China for their safety. Lee Chung had previously been left out of Joseon's order of succession and grew up abroad in the prosperous Qing. Lee Chung returns with his companion Hak-Su, landing in Jemulpo, but is attacked by Joseon assassins sent by Minister Kim and other ministers, who are plotting a coup. The noise of the battle draws an attack by zombified villagers. Lee Chung and Hak-Su are assisted by local partisans, including Park Eul-ryoung, former lieutenant to the crown prince, and archer Deok-hee. The Jemulpo partisans ask Lee Chung to become crown prince, but he declines, wanting to return to China. Lee Chung awkwardly flirts with Deok-hee.


title: Rampant (film)

text: The only survivor of the would-be assassins is captured by Kim because he is infected. The ministers arrange for a concubine to be infected. She later turns and infects the king. Lee Chung arrives at the king's court, where he requests an army to crush the zombies. The king initially agrees but the ministers instigate him to rescind the order, claiming no zombie outbreak, only a civil rebellion. The Jemulpo partisans are arrested, while Lee Chung and Gyeong-bin are ordered to attend a banquet for a visiting Qing delegation.


title: Rampant (film)

text: At the banquet, the king fully turns into a zombie, and is slain by Kim, who unleashes zombies there in an attempt to kill members of the palace and the Qing delegation, then rule with all potential opposition gone. However, Kim is bitten by a zombie, leading to the ministers attempting to kill him. Kim slays them all, chops off his own hand to slow the infection, then declares himself king.


title: Rampant (film)

text: Gyeong-bin convinces Lee Chung not to flee but to protect the people, so Lee Chung, the royal guard and his Jemulpo allies freed from prison proceed to fight to prevent the zombies from escaping the palace and attacking the capital. Lee Chung and his allies plan to draw the zombies together into a gigantic fiery explosion at the palace. Kim kills Hak-Su and an infected Park, preventing the explosion. Lee Chung continues the same plan, battling a horde of zombies and the half-infected Kim. While doing so, he pours oil on the floor of the palace. Deok-hee fires a flaming arrow into the palace burning it down. Lee Chung retreats to the roof of the palace, only to find that Kim also climbed the palace.


title: Rampant (film)

text: Together, they duel with each other, Lee Chung being the victor. Reinforcements of soldiers and commoners later arrive to exterminate the rest of the zombies. Lee Chung recognizes that through the power of the people, the ruined Joseon still has hopes for existence, and elects to stay rather than go back to Qing China.


title: Rampant (film)

text: The film is financed and distributed by Next Entertainment World, who was the primary backer of films such as "Pandora" and "Train to Busan". It is directed by Kim Sung-hoon, who has worked with Hyun Bin in the hit film "Confidential Assignment". On November 14, 2017, it was announced by distributor Next Entertainment World that actor Kim Tae-woo will fill the role of Crown Prince Lee Young, originally scheduled to be played by the late Kim Joo-hyuk.


title: Rampant (film)

text: The film was released domestically on October 25, 2018, alongside "Grass" and Hollywood film "Crazy Rich Asians".


title: Rampant (film)

text: The film had already lined up theatrical releases in 19 countries. Release date for Philippines, Germany, UK, Vietnam, Myanmar, Singapore, Hong Kong, Macau, Thailand, Australia, New Zealand, US, Canada, Laos, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Cambodia is set within 2 weeks after domestic release date.


title: Rampant (film)

text: Shim Sun-ah from "Yonhap News Agency" gave a mixed review and wrote, ""Rampant" has a promising premise, but it is a bland film that is marred by a predictable plot and cardboard characters. However, the movie much to the satisfaction of fans of zombie movies, they are quick, strong and cruel, not to mention creepy. It also succeeded in giving audiences spectacular sword-fight sequences and some truly beautiful cinematography."


title: Rampant (film)

text: Park Jin-hae from "The Korea Times" also gave a mixed review and wrote, "Hyun's skillful action scenes with a long sword, almost singlehandedly defeating zombies endlessly swarming from all directions, are entertaining. It keeps viewers on the edge of their seats with nerve-wracking moments to the last. But the film seems to work adversely as loosening up the thrill and chills the zombies worked hard to create. Another letdown has been lack of character development."


title: Rampant (film)

text: The film recorded 156,644 admissions with gross on its opening day, taking the box office lead from "Dark Figure of Crime". On October 28, the film surpassed 1 million admissions, 4 days after its release. During its opening weekend, the film attracted 840,854 moviegoers with gross, and finished first place at the box office. However, the film dropped 80% in gross during its second weekend, with gross from 174,993 attendance, and finished third in the box office chart.


title: Le Coucher de la Mariée

text: Le coucher de la mariée or Bedtime for the Bride or The Bridegroom's Dilemma is a French erotic short film considered to be one of the first erotic films made. The film was first screened in Paris in November 1896, within a year of the first public screening of a projected motion picture. The film was produced by Eugène Pirou and directed by Albert Kirchner under the pseudonym "Léar".


title: Le Coucher de la Mariée

text: A newlywed couple is in front of their wedding-bed after their wedding. The husband goes into raptures in front of his new wife, who simpers. She then asks him to withdraw while she undresses and he puts a folding screen between them. She removes one by one the many layers of clothes she wears — a jacket, a dress, underskirts, sub-underskirts, a blouse. The husband does not stay in place, sometimes mopping his front, sometimes reading a newspaper, sometimes having lecherous looks above the folding screen. The actors send numerous glances towards the camera.


title: Le Coucher de la Mariée

text: The original film has been estimated to be around seven minutes long, but it had degraded to a poor condition in the French Film Archives until it was found in 1996. Only two minutes of the film have survived, which includes the undressing sequence.


title: Le Coucher de la Mariée

text: The film was shot in a theater set, and featured actress Louise Willy who performs the striptease. It is the direct adaptation of a theater show with the same name and the same cast. The show was very popular at the time, at Olympia Theater (Paris). It was a pantomime, quite risqué, but still not explicit as the actress was not nude. However, because only two minutes have survived from the original seven minutes, it is impossible to see more than the striptease.


title: Strict scrutiny

text: In U.S. constitutional law, when a law infringes upon a fundamental constitutional right, the court may apply the strict scrutiny standard. Strict scrutiny holds the challenged law as presumptively invalid unless the government can demonstrate that the law or regulation is necessary to achieve a "compelling or overriding state interest". The government must also demonstrate that the law is "narrowly tailored" to achieve that compelling purpose, and that it uses the "least restrictive means" to achieve that purpose. Failure to meet this standard will result in striking the law as unconstitutional.


title: Strict scrutiny

text: The standard is the highest and most stringent standard of judicial review and is part of the levels of judicial scrutiny that courts use to determine whether a constitutional right or principle should give way to the government's interest against observance of the principle. The lesser standards are rational basis review and exacting or intermediate scrutiny. These standards are applied to statutes and government action at all levels of government within the United States.


title: Strict scrutiny

text: The notion of "levels of judicial scrutiny", including strict scrutiny, was introduced in Footnote 4 of the U.S. Supreme Court decision in "United States v. Carolene Products Co." (1938), one of a series of decisions testing the constitutionality of New Deal legislation. One of the most notable cases in which the Supreme Court applied the strict scrutiny standard and found the government's actions constitutional was "Korematsu v. United States" (1944), in which the Court upheld the forced relocation of Japanese Americans in internment camps during World War II. In another case, it has been held that restricting access to unapproved prescription drugs is a compelling government interest.


title: Strict scrutiny

text: The burden of proof falls on the state in cases that require strict scrutiny or intermediate scrutiny, but not the rational basis.


title: Strict scrutiny

text: Legal scholars, including judges and professors, often say that strict scrutiny is "strict in theory, fatal in fact" since popular perception is that most laws subjected to the standard are struck down. However, an empirical study of strict scrutiny decisions in the federal courts found that laws survive strict scrutiny more than 30% of the time. In one area of law, religious liberty, laws that burden religious liberty survived strict scrutiny review in nearly 60% of cases. However, a discrepancy was found in the type of religious liberty claim, with most claims for exemption from law failing and no allegedly discriminatory laws surviving. See also the cases cited below, however; several appear to permit the exemption from laws based upon religious liberty.


title: Strict scrutiny

text: Harvard law professor Richard Fallon, Jr. has written that, rather than being neatly applied, under strict scrutiny, "interpretation is more varied than is often recognized", a view that has been acknowledged by U.S. Supreme Court Justice, Clarence Thomas (e.g. in his dissent (part III) in "Hellerstedt").


title: Strict scrutiny

text: The compelling state interest test is distinguishable from the rational basis test, which involves claims that do not involve a suspect class or fundamental right, but still arise under the Equal Protection Clause or Due Process Clause.


title: Strict scrutiny

text: Presumption of constitutionality doesn't apply under "strict scrutiny"; the burden to prove the constitutionality of a law shifts to the government lawyers.


title: Strict scrutiny

text: The Supreme Court has established standards for determining whether a statute or policy's classification must satisfy strict scrutiny. One ruling suggested its standard might be that the relevant class must have experienced a history of discrimination, must be definable as a group based on "obvious, immutable, or distinguishing characteristics", or be a minority or "politically powerless". Separately, the characteristics of the relevant class must have little relationship to the government's policy aims or the ability of the group's members to contribute to society.


title: Strict scrutiny

text: The Court has consistently found that classifications based on race, national origin, and alienage require strict scrutiny review. The Supreme Court held that all race-based classifications must be subjected to strict scrutiny in "Adarand Constructors v. Peña," 515 U.S. 200 (1995), overruling "Metro Broadcasting, Inc. v. FCC" (89-453), 497 U.S. 547 (1990), which had briefly allowed the use of intermediate scrutiny to analyze the Equal Protection implications of race-based classifications in the narrow category of affirmative-action programs established by the federal government in the broadcasting field.


title: Strict scrutiny

text: As applied in "Korematsu v. United States", which upheld the race-based exclusion order and internment during World War II of Japanese Americans who had resided on the West Coast of the United States, strict scrutiny was limited to instances of "de jure" discrimination, where a racial classification is written into the language of a statute.


title: Strict scrutiny

text: The Supreme Court's decision in "Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp." provided further definition to the concept of intent and clarified three particular areas in which intent of a particular administrative or legislative decision becomes apparent, the presence of any of which demands the harsher equal protection test. The Court must use strict scrutiny if one of these tests, among others, is met:


title: Raymond James Financial

text: Raymond James Financial, Inc. is an American multinational independent investment bank and financial services company providing financial services to individuals, corporations, and municipalities through its subsidiary companies that engage primarily in investment and financial planning, in addition to investment banking and asset management. Headquartered in St. Petersburg, Florida, Raymond James is one of the largest banking institutions in the United States.


title: Raymond James Financial

text: Raymond James was founded in 1962 when St. Petersburg broker, Robert James, formed Robert A. James Investments. In 1964, it merged with Raymond & Associates, founded by Edward Raymond in 1963, to form Raymond James & Associates. Robert James' son, Tom James, joined in 1966 and assumed leadership of the firm in 1970. The firm planned to go public in 1969, but market conditions delayed its plan until 1983. Tom turned over the CEO's post to Paul Reilly in 2010, and his title as Chairman of the Board to Paul Reilly in 2016. He remains on the leadership team as Chairman Emeritus.


title: Raymond James Financial

text: In 2012, the firm purchased the Canadian assets of Allied Irish Bank. In April 2012, they merged with Morgan Keegan & Company, creating one of the country's largest full-service wealth management and investment banking firms not headquartered in New York.


title: Raymond James Financial

text: As of the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2021, the firm had delivered 135 consecutive quarters of profitability. In June 2016, it was listed as a "Fortune" 500 company for the first time.


title: Raymond James Financial

text: In September 2016, the firm announced its acquisition of Deutsche Bank Wealth Management's US private client services unit, Alex Brown & Sons.


title: Raymond James Financial

text: As of September 30, 2021, Raymond James has approximately 8,400 financial advisors throughout the United States, Canada and overseas. Total client assets under management are approximately $1.18 trillion.


title: Raymond James Financial

text: Raymond James has four main lines of operation: private client group, capital markets (made up of equity and fixed income capital markets as well as public finance), asset management group (made up of asset management services and Carillon tower advisers) and banking.


title: Raymond James Financial

text: In 2004, the SEC fined Raymond James Financial Services, Inc. $6.9 million for failure to supervise former broker Dennis Herula. Herula was accused of participating with others in a Ponzi scheme that raised about $44.5 million from investors in 1999-2000. Herula himself raised about $16.5 million of investor funds, most of which was later transferred to his wife's brokerage account at Raymond James. He was arrested in Bermuda and pleaded guilty to criminal charges of wire fraud and sentenced to 188 months in prison.


title: Raymond James Financial

text: In 2005, the National Association of Securities Dealers fined Raymond James $2.75 million for lax supervision of producing branch managers. The investigation began with one Raymond James manager, who worked from an office in her Wisconsin home, handling approximately 700 accounts and selling mainly mutual funds and variable annuities. The Wisconsin manager was accused of selling unsuitable aggressive mutual funds and variable annuities over a four-year period.


title: Raymond James Financial

text: On June 29, 2011, Raymond James announced an agreement to repurchase at par auction rate securities (ARS) sold to clients through its domestic broker/dealer subsidiaries prior to February 13, 2008. The agreement—reached with the Securities and Exchange Commission and with state securities regulators led by Florida and Texas—resolved more than three years of investigation related to activity in the ARS market. Without admitting or denying the allegations, the firm also agreed to pay a fine totaling $1.75 million to the state regulators, but was not fined by the SEC.


title: Raymond James Financial

text: As a result of this agreement, a pre-tax charge of $45 million was recorded in the quarter ending June 30, 2011. This charge was a result of an estimate of the current fair value of the securities to be repurchased by the company being less than their par value. It is expected that the ultimate realized loss will be substantially less as issuers refinance or redeem these securities, interest rates rise and/or collateral values improve.


title: Raymond James Financial

text: Raymond James sold $2.3 billion worth of ARS, underwrote $1.2 billion, and was the auction dealer for over $725 million. Since the $330 billion market for ARS crashed in 2008, at least 19 underwriters and broker-dealers were sued in class action suits.


title: Raymond James Financial

text: In September 2011, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ordered Raymond James & Associates, Inc. and Raymond James Financial Services, Inc. to pay restitution of $1.69 million to 15,500 of their clients for charging excessive commissions on more than 27,000 securities transactions. The trades were made in client accounts between 2006 and 2010.


title: Raymond James Financial

text: On May 18, 2016 Raymond James was fined $17 Million for Systemic Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Failures. "RJA was fined $8 million and RJFS was fined $9 million for failing to establish and implement adequate AML procedures, which resulted in the firms’ failure to properly prevent or detect, investigate, and report suspicious activity for several years. RJA's former AML Compliance Officer, Linda L. Busby, was also fined $25,000 and suspended for three months.". On December 21, 2017 Raymond James was fined $2 million for failing to reasonably supervise email communications. "FINRA found that during a nine-year review period, Raymond James’ email review system was flawed in significant respects, allowing millions of emails to evade meaningful review. This created the unreasonable risk that certain misconduct by firm personnel could go undetected by the firm. The combinations of words and phrases – otherwise known as the “lexicon” – used to flag emails for review were not reasonably designed to detect certain potential misconduct that Raymond James, in light of its size, structure, business model, and experience from prior disciplinary actions, knew or should have anticipated would recur from time to time. The firm also failed to devote adequate personnel and resources to the team that reviewed emails flagged by the system, even as the number of emails increased over time."


title: Albanian diaspora

text: The Albanian diaspora () are the ethnic Albanians and their descendants living outside of Albania, Kosovo, southeastern Montenegro, western North Macedonia, southeastern Serbia, northwestern Greece and Southern Italy.


title: Albanian diaspora

text: The largest communities of the Albanian diaspora are particularly found in Italy, Argentina, Greece, Romania, Croatia, Turkey, Scandinavia, Germany, Switzerland and the United States. Other important and increasing communities are located in Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Belgium, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. The Albanian diaspora is large and continues to grow, with Albanians now present in significant numbers in numerous countries, primarily in Europe and the Americas.


title: Albanian diaspora

text: The phenomenon of migration from Albania is recorded since the early Middle Ages, when numerous Albanians immigrated to southern Italy and Greece to escape various socio-political difficulties and the Ottoman conquest. The modern Albanian diaspora has been largely formed since 1991, following the end of communism in Albania. Over 800,000 Albanians have left the country, mostly settling in Greece and Italy either permanently or as temporary workforce.


title: Albanian diaspora

text: In regard to the Kosovo-Albanian diaspora, more than one million Albanians have left Kosovo since the late 1980s permanently, excluding those fleeing the Kosovo War, who have subsequently returned. Further, important destinations for emigrating Albanians from Kosovo have been mostly Switzerland, Austria, Germany and the Nordic countries.


title: Albanian diaspora

text: The Albanian diaspora constitutes one of Europe's largest contemporary diasporas, with emigration constantly growing. Those of Albanian descent may choose to self-identify as Albanian, adopt hybrid identities or opt to not identify with their Albanian ancestry. Many contemporary Albanians who belong to the diaspora opt to declare their ethnicity as their nationality, as seen in census underreporting of ethnic Albanians primarily in North America, South America, Australia and New Zealand. Due to the Albanian diaspora being large, old and complex, many Albanians abroad have intermarried, assimilated or formed transnational identities and communities. These reasons, among others, serve as obstacles to identifying the true extent of the Albanian diaspora and population totals.


title: Albanian diaspora

text: In Albania, emigration dates back to the 15th century when many Albanians emigrated to Calabria in Southern Italy and Greece after the defeat of the country by Ottoman forces. Other popular destinations were Turkey, Bulgaria, and later the United States and South America. Following the communist take over after World War II, emigration was outlawed and violations severely punished. At the same time, Albanian birth rates in both Albania and Kosovo were among the highest in Europe (see Demographics of Albania and Kosovo), and the economies were among the weakest (especially under the Hoxha regime), leading to a huge young population in both regions and a consequently huge demand for emigration once the borders were opened in the 1990s.


title: Albanian diaspora

text: The preference for Italy, Greece and Western European countries during the first waves of emigration has given way to Canada and the United States due to stricter European immigration laws.


title: Albanian diaspora

text: The rate of emigration has gradually decreased during the later 2000s, with a sudden increase in 2014-15.


title: Albanian diaspora

text: The willingness of Albanians to emigrate has had a cultural impact which has not affected their sense of national identity. Among ethnic Albanians in Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Greece, Albanian and old Turkish names still are quite common. In Albania proper, religious names were not allowed during communism, and were barely given since the fall of the Communist dictatorship and the opening of the borders. Instead, Italian and English or Christian names, became quite common. Many Albanian migrants also convert from Islam to Christianity. After migration to Greece, due to the discriminatory policies of the Greek government they are forced to get baptized and change their Albanian names in their passport to Christian ones. Their original Albanian names are used at home.


title: Albanian diaspora

text: In Albania, it is also estimated that emigrant remittances account for 18% of GDP or $530 million annually, though declining in the late 2000s. Those who have come back have opened micro-enterprises, while the proximity of Greece and Italy to Albania where more than half of immigrants are located has contributed to continuous labor mobility. Recently, during the Greek financial crisis, many Albanian emigrants have returned either temporarily or permanently to Albania. The mass emigration of the 1990s to early 2000s has resulted in massive brain drain to Albania. In the period 1990–2003, an estimated 45% of Albania's academics emigrated, as did more than 65% of the scholars who received PhDs in the West in the period 1980–1990. In 2006, a "brain gain" program compiled by Albanian authorities and the UNDP was put into action to encourage the skilled diaspora to contribute to the country's development, though its success remains to be seen.


title: Albanian diaspora

text: On 26 November 2019, an earthquake struck Albania. Around the world, the Albanian diaspora (from Albania and other parts of the Balkans) expressed its solidarity and held multiple fundraisers to send money to Albania and assist people impacted by the earthquake, raising millions. Global pop stars with an Albanian background also appealed to fans for support and donations to the relief effort.


title: Albanian diaspora

text: Members of the Albanian diaspora created the first IPTV platform in the US and later in Europe, designed to deliver their national video content to Albanians living in the US and other countries.


title: Albanian diaspora

text: In 1636, the Mandritsa, a typical village in Bulgaria, was found by Eastern Orthodox Albanian dairymen who supplied the Ottoman Army. They were allowed to pick a tract of land and were freed from taxes. In the 2001 census of Bulgaria, it was estimated that 278 Albanians live in the country.


title: Albanian diaspora

text: After the fall of communism throughout Eastern Europe in the late 1980s and early 1990s, a large number of economic refugees and immigrants from Greece's neighbouring countries, Albania, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Romania, as well as from more distant countries such as Russia, Ukraine, Armenia and Georgia, arrived in Greece, mostly as illegal immigrants, to seek employment. The vast majority of the Albanians in Greece is estimated to be between 65–70% of the total number of immigrants in the country. According to the 2001 census, there are 443,550 holders of Albanian citizenship in Greece, with the total of Albanian immigrants in Greece numbering well over 650,000.


title: Albanian diaspora

text: Albanians in Greece are by far the most integrated, legal and settled community: Even before emigration, southern Albanians, primarily Orthodox Albanians were pressured to adopt assimilationist policies when moving to Greece. These included Hellenisation of their names, and adoption of new hybrid identities.


title: Albanian diaspora

text: The Albani were an aristocratic Roman family, members of which attained the highest dignities in the Roman Catholic Church, one, Clement XI, having been Pope. They were ethnic Albanians who originally moved to Urbino from the region of Malësi e Madhe in Albania. and had been soldiers of Skanderbeg against the Ottoman Empire. Though eventually assimilated in their Italian environment, Clement XI's Albanian antecedents were evident in his having commissioned, during his reign as a Pope, the famous "Illyricum Sacrum". Today it is one of the main sources of the field of Albanology, with over 5000 pages divided in several volumes written by Daniele Farlati and Dom. Coletti.


title: Albanian diaspora

text: There is an Albanian community in southern Italy, known as Arbëreshë, who had settled in the country in the 15th and the 16th century, displaced by the changes brought about by the expansion of the Ottoman Empire. Some managed to escape and were offered refuge from the repression by the Kingdom of Naples and Kingdom of Sicily (both under Aragonese rule), where the Arbëreshë were given their own villages and protected.


title: Albanian diaspora

text: The Arbëreshë were estimated as numbering 250 000 in 1976. Italian statistics place them much lower at 100,000.


title: Albanian diaspora

text: After the breakdown of the communist regime in Albania in 1990, Italy had been the main immigration target for Albanians leaving their country.


title: Albanian diaspora

text: This was because Italy had been a symbol of the West for many Albanians during the communist period, because of its geographic proximity. Italy reacted to the migration pressure by introducing the "Martelli" law, stipulating that any immigrant who could prove that he or she had come into the country before the end of 1989 be granted a two-year residency permit.


title: Albanian diaspora

text: From March 1997, Italy instituted a strict patrol of the Adriatic in an attempt to curb Albanian immigration.


title: Albanian diaspora

text: As a result, many Albanian immigrants in Italy do not have a legal status. Out of an estimated 450,000 Albanian immigrants in Italy in 1998, only some 82,000 were registered with authorities. In total there are 800,000 Albanians in Italy.


title: Albanian diaspora

text: The Italian Government has housed significant numbers of Albanians from Kosovo in the Arbëresh settlements, most notably in the zone of Lungro in Calabria and Piana degli Albanesi in Sicily.


title: Albanian diaspora

text: Turkey has about six million citizens of full or partial Albanian descent, and most still feel a connection to Albania. There is also a strong Turkish minority in Kosovo. The bond between these two nations stems from historical reasons, especially since many Albanians embraced Islam, the official religion of the Ottoman Empire.


title: Albanian diaspora

text: Albania was the last nation in southeastern Europe to claim independence from the Ottoman Empire, on 28 November 1912. To this day, relations between the two countries are excellent, with Turkey being one of the first countries to recognise Kosovo, and with polls showing that Turks are one of the best-received ethnic groups in Albania.


title: Albanian diaspora

text: Many Albanians emigrated to Turkey between 1950 and 1970. In that period, Islam in Yugoslavia was repressed, and both Albanians and Muslim Slavs were encouraged to declare themselves Turkish and emigrate to Turkey. In the 1990s, Turkey received a wave of Kosovar refugees, fleeing from conflict. Today, the number of ethnic Albanians Turkey has about 5 million citizens of full or partial Albanian descent


title: Albanian diaspora

text: There are an estimated 300,000 Albanians living in Germany. They mostly migrated to Germany from Kosovo during the 1990s.


title: Albanian diaspora

text: There are an estimated 250,000 ethnic Albanians in Switzerland, most of them from Kosovo, a sizeable minority arriving from North Macedonia. Albanians have migrated to Switzerland since the 1960s, but bulk of immigration took place during the 1990s, especially during 1998–1999.


title: Albanian diaspora

text: They account for about 2% of total Swiss population, making them the third largest immigrant community in Switzerland, after the Italian and German ones. The Albanian language is the second largest immigrant language spoken in Switzerland, following Serbo-Croatian. About 40,000 have been naturalized as Swiss citizens during the 1990s and 2000s, while an estimated 150,000 remain registered as nationals of either Serbia and Montenegro (carrying passports issued during the existence of that country, 1992–2006), the Republic of Kosovo (34,000 Kosovar passports registered with the Swiss authority by August 2010), North Macedonia, or Albania.


title: Albanian diaspora

text: The number of Albanians in the UK peaked at 36,000 in 2019 and is currently estimated at 21,000 (2022). The history of Albanians in Britain began in the 16th century with the arrival of mercenary stratioti cavalry who served the English king in his wars against the Kingdom of Scotland.


title: Albanian diaspora

text: As defined by the Statistics Canada in 2011, there were 28,270 Canadians claiming an Albanian ancestry. There have been Albanian settlers in Canada since at least the early 20th century, following internal pre-war revolutionary upheavals. The majority of the Albanian immigrants settled in either Montreal or Toronto but also in Calgary and Peterborough.


title: Albanian diaspora

text: After the inter-ethnic conflict between ethnic Albanians in Kosovo and Serbian military and police forces, many Albanians left Kosovo as refugees. Some have come to Canada, and in 1999 the Canadian government created a program to offer safe haven to 7000 Kosovar Albanian refugees. They continue to appreciate their ethnic heritage and their Albanian national history, even though their ancestors may have left Albania several decades ago. Those Albanians from Albania proper are active in their business and social organisations.


title: Albanian diaspora

text: Albanians began to settle in the USA in the late 19th-20th centuries from Southern Albania, Greece, Turkey, Southern Italy and Kosovo, and in the 1990s from Albania, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and refugees of war. The largest Albanian American (incl. Kosovar Albanian) populations are in New York City, Boston, Detroit, and Chicago. Another Albanian American community in Southern California such as the Los Angeles area. The Inland Empire (Riverside/San Bernardino) area of California includes Kosovars who entered the United States at the March Joint Air Reserve Base in Riverside. The Albanian-American population is currently 113,661 or 0.04% of the US population.


title: Albanian diaspora

text: The 2016 Australian census counted 4,041 people born in Albania or Kosovo and 15,901 claimed Albanian ancestry, either alone or with another ancestry. Albanians migrated to Australia from southern Albania during the interwar period (early 1920s-late 1930s) mainly from Korçë and its surrounding rural areas. They worked in hard labour jobs and farming, settled in northern Western Australia, Queensland and later Shepparton in Victoria were a successful community was established. Post-war, refugees mainly from Albania and a few from southern Yugoslavia arrived. In the 1960s-1970s, Albanians from southwestern Yugoslavia (modern North Macedonia) arrived and settled in Melbourne's working class and manufacturing suburbs, mainly in Dandenong and others in the western and northern suburbs. During the aftermath of the Kosovo war (1999), some Kosovo Albanian refugees on temporary asylum were officially allowed to permanently remain in Australia. In the early twenty first century, Dandenong and Shepparton in Victoria are places with the highest concentrations of Albanians. There are also Albanian communities in Western Australia, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales and the Northern Territory.


title: Albanian diaspora

text: Albanian migration to New Zealand occurred mid twentieth century following the Second World War. A small group of Albanian refugees originating mainly from Albania and the rest from Yugoslavian Kosovo and Macedonia settled in Auckland. During the Kosovo crisis (1999), up to 400 Kosovo Albanian refugees settled in New Zealand. In the twenty first century, Albanian New Zealanders number 400-500 people and are mainly concentrated in Auckland.


title: Albanian diaspora

text: Emigration has been one of the main causes that has driven the decline of the number of Albanian population during 2002-2011. The phenomenon of migration in Albania Immigration has been common. In most cases it has been taken by males. Gender difference in the last census period (2001-2011) is not that pronounced. According to INSTAT during this period about 481.000 Albanians left and 243,000 of them were male. According to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Developing countries most preferred destination for emigrants were Italy and Greece, followed by United States (US), United Kingdom (UK), and Germany. Italy is the country of destination preferred by 47 percent of immigrants, followed by Greece with 43 percent of emigrants, and the United United States (US) coming up as a third destination.


title: Albanian diaspora

text: Regarding the return, data Population and Housing Census 2011 show that about 139,827 Albanians were returned to Albania in the period 2001-2011, mostly male. Returnees are relatively young and working age. Employment and family reasons dominate among the reasons to return. In this sense, the return migration captured in the census is a snapshot of continuous circular migration. The National Research survey demonstrates that a total of 133,544 Albanian immigrants aged 18 years and above are turning in Albania in 2009-2013, of which 98,414 men and 35,130 women. This is a big difference report of returnees by sex, where men are over represented compared with women, 73.7% and 26.3% respectively. Since 2009 there has been a growing trend of returns, while the majority of the returns occurred in 2012 and 2013 (53.4 percent). Returns, dominated voluntary returns (94 percent) occurred in Greece, 70.8 percent to 23.7 percent followed by Italy and other countries like the UK, Germany, etc. Therefore, it can be argued that returns in Albania are mainly a consequence of the global financial crisis of 2009 that hit the market. The survey findings show that the main reasons for emigration from Albania have been unemployment in the country and opportunities for better employment abroad along with opportunities for higher incomes. No significant gender difference in immigration is a reason, besides family reunion that seems to have been the main reason for migration. On return, the main reasons include loss of employment in the country immigration, the longing for family and country, as well as problems faced by the family in Albania. Other reasons for return include better employment opportunities in Albania, investment plans or health problems.


title: Sebastian Thrun

text: Sebastian Thrun (born May 14, 1967) is a German-American entrepreneur, educator, and computer scientist. He is CEO of Kitty Hawk Corporation, and chairman and co-founder of Udacity. Before that, he was a Google VP and Fellow, a Professor of Computer Science at Stanford University, and before that at Carnegie Mellon University. At Google, he founded Google X and Google's self-driving car team. He is also an adjunct professor at Stanford University and at Georgia Tech.


title: Sebastian Thrun

text: Thrun led development of the robotic vehicle Stanley which won the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge, and which has since been placed on exhibit in the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History. His team also developed a vehicle called Junior, which placed second at the DARPA Grand Challenge in 2007. Thrun led the development of the Google self-driving car.


title: Sebastian Thrun

text: Thrun is also known for his work on probabilistic algorithms for robotics with applications including robotic mapping. In recognition of his contributions, and at the age of 39, he was elected into the National Academy of Engineering and also into the Academy of Sciences Leopoldina in 2007. "The Guardian" recognized him as one of 20 "fighters for internet freedom".


title: Sebastian Thrun

text: Thrun was born in 1967 in Solingen, Germany (former West Germany), the son of Winfried and Kristin (Grüner) Thrun. He completed his "Vordiplom" (intermediate examination) in computer science, economics, and medicine at the University of Hildesheim in 1988. At the University of Bonn, he completed a "Diplom" (first degree) in 1993 and a Ph.D. ("summa cum laude") in 1995 in computer science and statistics.


title: Sebastian Thrun

text: In 1995 he joined the Computer Science Department at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) as a research computer scientist. In 1998 he became an assistant professor and co-director of the Robot Learning Laboratory at CMU. As a faculty member at CMU, he co-founded the Master's Program in Automated Learning and Discovery, which later would become a Ph.D. program in the broad area of machine learning and scientific discovery. In 2001 Thrun spent a sabbatical year at Stanford University. He returned to CMU to an endowed professorship, the Finmeccanica Associate Professor of Computer Science and Robotics.


title: Sebastian Thrun

text: Thrun left CMU in July 2003 to become an associate professor at Stanford University and was appointed as the director of SAIL in January 2004. From 2007–2011, Thrun was a full professor of computer science and electrical engineering at Stanford. On April 1, 2011, Thrun relinquished his tenure at Stanford to join Google as a Google Fellow. On January 23, 2012, he co-founded an online private educational organization, Udacity. He was a Google VP and Fellow, and worked on development of the Google driverless car system. Thrun was interviewed in the 2018 documentary on artificial intelligence "Do You Trust This Computer?".


title: Sebastian Thrun

text: Thrun developed a number of autonomous robotic systems that earned him international recognition. In 1994, he started the University of Bonn's Rhino project together with his doctoral thesis advisor Armin B. Cremers. In 1997 Thrun and his colleagues Wolfram Burgard and Dieter Fox developed the world's first robotic tour guide in the Deutsches Museum Bonn (1997). In 1998, the follow-up robot "Minerva" was installed in the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History in Washington, DC, where it guided tens of thousands of visitors during a two-week deployment period. Thrun went on to found the CMU/Pitt Nursebot project, which fielded an interactive humanoid robot in a nursing home near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In 2002, Thrun helped develop mine mapping robots in a project with his colleagues William L. Whittaker and Scott Thayer, research professors at Carnegie Mellon University. After his move to Stanford University in 2003, he engaged in the development of the robot Stanley, which in 2005 won the DARPA Grand Challenge. His former graduate student Michael Montemerlo, who was co-advised by William L. Whittaker, led the software development for this robot. In 2007, Thrun's robot "Junior" won second place in the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge. Thrun joined Google as part of a sabbatical, together with several Stanford students. At Google, he co-developed Google Street View.


title: Sebastian Thrun

text: Thrun's best known contributions to robotics are on the theoretical end. He contributed to the area of probabilistic robotics, a field that marries statistics and robotics. He and his research group made substantial contributions in areas of mobile robot localization, mapping (SLAM), and control. Probabilistic techniques have since become mainstream in robotics, and are used in numerous commercial applications. In the fall of 2005, Thrun published a textbook entitled "Probabilistic Robotics" together with his long-term co-workers Dieter Fox and Wolfram Burgard. Since 2007, a Japanese translation of Probabilistic Robotics has been available on the Japanese market.


title: Aarón Díaz

text: Aarón Díaz Spencer was born in Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico to an Irish-American mother (surname Spencer) and a Mexican father (surname Díaz).


title: Aarón Díaz

text: He made his acting debut in the popular teen drama "Clase 406", playing the role of Kike González. In 2004, he followed "Clase 406" with another teen drama titled "Corazones al límite" co-starring Sherlyn and Sara Maldonado. He then played the role of the older Andrés Romero in the telenovela "Barrera de amor" starring Yadhira Carrillo. He starred along former flame Sherlyn in Mexico's own version of Grease entitled "Vaselina".


title: Aarón Díaz

text: Diaz signed on in 2006 with Pedro Damian, (creator of "Clase 406") to be Alexander Von Ferdinand, the main male protagonist for the teen telenovela called "Lola...Érase una vez", co-starring Eiza González and Grettell Valdez which premiered on February 26, 2007 on "Canal 5" in Mexico.


title: Aarón Díaz

text: Apart from acting, Díaz is also a singer and he released his first album titled "Enamórate de mí" in June 2009. His second album self-titled "Aaron Diaz," was released in 2011.


title: Aarón Díaz

text: In 2010/2011 he was the main protagonist alongside Angelique Boyer and Sebastián Rulli in the latest version of the telenovela "Teresa", playing the role of Mariano.


title: Aarón Díaz

text: In 2010 he released a 2011 calendar with exclusive, artistic, and original photos of himself. The success of the first calendar caused him to release a 2012 version in December 2011.


title: Aarón Díaz

text: In November 2011, Díaz made his debut in an American television show in the ABC series "Pan Am", playing the role of Miguel, a dashing, charming, and wealthy entrepreneur in the episode 'Unscheduled Departure'.


title: Aarón Díaz

text: For the first time in his career, Díaz starred in an antagonist role in the telenovela, "El Talismán", where he played the role of Antonio Negrete, alongside Blanca Soto and Rafael Novoa.


title: Aarón Díaz

text: In 2016, Díaz was cast in the ABC thriller series "Quantico" in the recurring role of CIA recruit, León Velez.


title: Aarón Díaz

text: In 2007, he began dating actress Kate del Castillo, and they were married on August 29, 2009 in Las Vegas, Nevada. A religious ceremony was later held in the Episcopal Church in San Miguel de Allende, Mexico on September 5 of the same year.


title: The Last Kiss (2006 film)

text: The Last Kiss is a 2006 American romantic comedy-drama film which is based on the 2001 Italian film "L'ultimo bacio", directed by Gabriele Muccino. The plot revolves around a young couple and their friends struggling with adulthood and issues of relationships and commitment. The film stars Zach Braff, Jacinda Barrett, Casey Affleck and Rachel Bilson. The screenplay was written by Paul Haggis, and directed by Tony Goldwyn.


title: The Last Kiss (2006 film)

text: Much of "The Last Kiss" was filmed in and around Madison, Wisconsin. As with "Garden State", Braff was involved with the film's soundtrack. The first teaser trailer was released on Braff's official website in mid-June 2006. The movie received mixed to negative reviews, aiming criticism to its undeveloped plot, writing, and characters. However, the performances were praised.


title: The Last Kiss (2006 film)

text: Michael and his live-in girlfriend Jenna appear to have the perfect relationship. Jenna is ten weeks pregnant, and her parents are pressuring the pair to get married, but Jenna claims that Michael's work pressures and her working on her dissertation render it an inopportune time for marriage. The real reason, unbeknownst to anyone, is that Michael feels trapped and scared. Although he considers Jenna an ideal companion, Michael is having second thoughts.


title: The Last Kiss (2006 film)

text: In a chance encounter at a wedding, Michael meets Kim, to whom he confides about his relationship. Kim guesses he is about to break up with Jenna and becomes flirtatious. While Michael is intrigued by Kim's youthfulness, openness, and spirit, he does not succumb to temptation. The two part ways with Kim telling Michael where she attends school (the University of Wisconsin–Madison) and when and where she usually hangs out.


title: The Last Kiss (2006 film)

text: Michael eventually seeks her out at the Memorial Union but tells Kim he was in the area only because of a client meeting. Kim senses his romantic interest and, while Michael drives her home, invites him to a party. Michael accepts. Back in the office, Michael constructs an excuse to be away from Jenna on the night of the party. He asks Chris, his friend and co-worker, to cover for him in case Jenna calls. Chris suspects Michael has met another woman and wishes to avoid becoming involved, as Chris himself has just left his wife; he knows first hand how painful a breakup can be. Michael denies the existence of another woman and merely says he will "be with an old college friend."


title: The Last Kiss (2006 film)

text: After the party with Kim—who Michael says makes him "feel ten years younger"—the two kiss several times, preceding Kim inviting Michael to her dorm for the night. Guilt over cheating on Jenna prevails over temptation, however, and he refuses. Unfortunately for Michael, the father of their mutual friend Izzy dies that night. Several friends and acquaintances, including Jenna and Chris, go to Izzy's home with their condolences. There, Jenna realizes Michael had not been, as he claimed, with Chris. Jenna confronts Chris but Chris refuses to answer her questions, which only fuels Jenna's suspicions that Michael has indeed gone astray.


title: The Last Kiss (2006 film)

text: When Michael arrives home that night, Jenna becomes confrontational; Michael at first denies he was out with Kim, but eventually admits he had seen another woman. Although he points out he did not sleep with her and that the outing meant nothing, Jenna is too enraged to believe him and kicks him out of the house, threatening him with a chef's knife.


title: The Last Kiss (2006 film)

text: Alone, depressed, and desperate, Michael receives a call from Kim. Kim apologizes for being demanding earlier and asks him to come over for conversation only. Michael agrees. Upon arrival, the pair immediately have sex. The next morning, Michael tries sneaking away without waking Kim but notices once he gets out the door that he left his keys behind. Upon his return, Kim demands to know why he had not said goodbye. Michael tells her simply that he did not want to wake her, as he had to be at work early. Kim takes the missing keys out of her pocket and returns them after Michael promises to call her.


title: The Last Kiss (2006 film)

text: At work, Michael plans on leaving early to seek out Jenna. On his way out, Kim visits his office unannounced, wanting to give him a mix CD. Michael confides that Jenna is pregnant and that he still loves her. He apologizes to Kim for not telling her earlier, and leaves in search of Jenna.


title: The Last Kiss (2006 film)

text: Michael pulls up to Jenna's parents' home, and Jenna's father Stephen gives him a stern lecture about commitment and adulthood and offers advice on winning Jenna's forgiveness. He urges Michael to be completely honest and never stop trying. Equipped with his wisdom, Michael goes into Jenna's room. On the verge of reconciliation, Jenna asks if he was telling the truth about not having had sex with Kim. Michael says he was telling the truth (at the time)—but as a result of Stephen's advice he confesses he went back later that night. Despite Michael's pleas that he was just being honest, Jenna nonetheless becomes outraged and inconsolable, storming out of the house and back to their apartment.


title: The Last Kiss (2006 film)

text: Michael follows her back and finds himself locked out. He stakes out on the front porch until Jenna agrees to talk. Both day and night, wet and dry, Michael remains at the front door with many neighbors taking notice and some even providing beverages to him. Stephen even proceeds to drive by in his car and notices Michael, who sees him. A proud smile develops on his face as he drives off, acknowledging that Michael has taken his advice seriously. Slowly, she begins to relent, first tossing out a blanket during a cold evening, then dropping off a sandwich the next day. During the evening of what would have been his third night on the porch, Jenna breaks her silence and speaks to Michael through the closed door. She compares the painful "last romantic kiss" to her grandmother's death. She says it was a kiss with very painful feeling, and she laments about mourning the loss of the romantic relationship like the loss of someone's life. Later that evening, Jenna opens the door and Michael goes inside.


title: The Last Kiss (2006 film)

text: "The Last Kiss" premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival. The film grossed $11.6 million in the United States and Canada and $4.2 million in other markets (including $2,508,416 in the United Kingdom) for a combined worldwide theatrical gross of $15.9 million.


title: The Last Kiss (2006 film)

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, 46% of 130 surveyed critics gave the film a favorable review; the average rating is 5.7/10. The site's consensus reads: "You'll either find "The Last Kiss" to be a phony bore or a refreshing take about young 20-somethings at the crossroads between their carefree lifestyle and responsibility. Zach Braff and the rest of the appealing cast make the case for the latter." It received a "Two Thumbs Up" rating on the television show "Ebert & Roeper" (with guest critic and actress Aisha Tyler sitting in for Roger Ebert). The film also receives an average score of 57/100 at Metacritic based on 27 critic reviews.


title: José María Aznar

text: José María Alfredo Aznar López (; born 25 February 1953) is a Spanish politician who was the prime minister of Spain from 1996 to 2004. He led the People's Party (PP), the dominant centre-right political party in the country at the time.


title: José María Aznar

text: A member of the Frente de Estudiantes Sindicalistas, a student organization in which a 16-years-old Aznar espoused an independent brand of Falangism, he obtained a law degree from the Complutense University of Madrid and his first job was in the public sector, specifically, as an Inspector of the Finances of the State (). He joined the Popular Alliance, which was re-founded as the People's Party in 1989. He led the Junta of Castile and León from 1987 to 1989 and was Leader of the Opposition at the national level from 1989 to 1996. In 1995, he survived an assassination attempt from the Basque separatist group ETA.


title: José María Aznar

text: The People's Party, led by Aznar, won the most parliamentary seats at the 1996 general election, but he failed to obtain a majority in the Congress of Deputies, which forced the PP to seek the support of Basque (EAJ-PNV), Catalan (CiU) and Canarian (CC) regionalists. He was finally invested prime minister on 4 May 1996, and his first term was marked by market liberalization, deregulation of the economy, cutting of state expenses and privatization of several state-owned companies. During his first term, the economy grew and Spain met the criteria to participate in the creation of the eurozone, but unemployment remained moderately high. Some relevant events in Aznar's first term were the assassination of PP politician Miguel Ángel Blanco by ETA. Aznar attempted to negotiate with ETA between 1998 and 1999, but the parties did not reach an agreement and violence continued.


title: José María Aznar

text: Aznar also got the most votes in the 2000 general election this time obtaining an absolute majority of 183 deputies (out of 350) in the Congress. The economy kept growing and unemployment finally began to fall during his second term. In foreign policy, Spain adopted a neoconservative approach and grew closer ties with the United States and the Bush administration, in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks. Aznar supported the American-led invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq. In 2002, he faced harsh criticisms for the actuation of the government during the Prestige oil spill in Galicia. Support of the PP further declined after the invasion of the Iraq, which was not supported by the majority of the Spanish population, but was nevertheless carried out with Spanish support for the U.S. and the UK. A 2003 poll found by the public research institute CIS found that 91% of Spaniards were against the invasion of Iraq.


title: José María Aznar

text: In 2004, a general election in Spain was scheduled for 14 March, which was not contested by Aznar, but by his successor as lead of the PP, Mariano Rajoy. On 11 March, the 2004 Madrid train bombings occurred, which killed 192 people. The attacks were perpetrated by al-Qaeda, but the government claimed the bombings were perpetrated by ETA. In the few days between the bombings and the election, the PP defended this position: however, a major sector of the population rejected the hypothesis that the attacks were perpetrated by ETA and believed the government was lying because of the bombings' possible connection to Spanish support for the invasion of Iraq. This led to a massive drop in support for the PP in the days before the election, and the opposing PSOE's José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero won the election.


title: José María Aznar

text: Aznar remains active in the private sector, and he sometimes gives his views on current issues. He was a member of the Council of State from 2005 to 2006. He is the president of Spanish think tank FAES and is a director of News Corporation. He held the honorary (symbolic) presidency of the PP until 2016, when he renounced the title.


title: José María Aznar

text: Aznar was born in Madrid in 1953, the son of Manuel Aznar Acedo, army official, journalist and radio broadcaster, and grandson of Manuel Aznar Zubigaray, a former Basque nationalist broadcaster turned Falangist propagandist and a prominent journalist during the Franco era. Both father and grandfather held governmental positions during the dictatorship.


title: José María Aznar

text: Aznar was a member of the Frente de Estudiantes Sindicalistas (FES), a Falangist dissident student organization opposed to the Francoist regime, in which a 16-years-old Aznar espoused an independent brand of Falangism. Primordially a university organization, a teenage Aznar became responsible of the highschool branch set in the late 1960s, charged with the "falangistization" of the younglings upon the lines set by the organization.


title: José María Aznar

text: Aznar graduated in law at the Complutense University of Madrid in 1975 and became a Tax Authority inspector in 1976.


title: José María Aznar

text: After the death of Francisco Franco and the restoration of democracy, Aznar joined "Alianza Popular" (AP) in January 1979, a few months after his wife. In March he became the Secretary General of the party in La Rioja, occupying the post until 1980. In February 1981 he joined the AP's National executive committee. He became Assistant Secretary General in February 1982.


title: José María Aznar

text: On 26 October 1982 he was elected to parliament, representing Ávila. On 22 June 1985 he was appointed to the presidency of the AP in Castile and León. On 2 December 1986 AP leader Manuel Fraga resigned following fierce internal party fighting in the aftermath of another failure to dislodge the ruling Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE). Aznar was not considered senior enough to be a possible successor, and gave his support to Miguel Herrero de Miñón, who lost the leadership bid to Fraga's choice, Antonio Hernández Mancha. As a result, Aznar lost his post as Assistant Secretary General.


title: José María Aznar

text: On 10 June 1987, after having resigned to his seat in the Congress of Deputies, he was elected member of the Cortes of Castile and León in the 1987 Castilian-Leonese regional election, representing Ávila. Soon after, he was invested as president of the region, forming an uneasy coalition government with the Democratic and Social Centre (CDS).


title: José María Aznar

text: In 1989 Aznar was voted by the National Executive Committee of AP to be the new leader of the party, re-founded as the "Partido Popular" (People's Party, or PP). With Fraga focused on the presidency of Galicia, Aznar was confirmed as leader of the PP at their 10th National Congress at the end of March 1990. In November the PP moved from the Conservative group in the European Parliament to the more centrist Christian Democratic European People's Party.


title: José María Aznar

text: On 6 June 1993 the PP again lost the general election, but improved on their previous performance by obtaining 34.8% of the vote. The PSOE lost its absolute majority and needed to form a coalition government with other parties in order to continue governing. The result was a disappointment for the PP as the opinion polls had predicted a victory for them. They did well in the 1994 European and 1995 local elections.


title: José María Aznar

text: The PP won the 3 March 1996 general election with 37.6% of the vote, thus ending 13 years of PSOE rule. With 156 of the 350 seats (the PSOE won 141) Aznar had to reach agreements with two regional nationalist parties, Convergence and Unity (Catalan) and the Canary Islands Coalition, in order to govern with additional support from the Basque Nationalist Party. He was voted in as prime minister with 181 votes in the Cortes Generales on 4 May and sworn in the next day by King Juan Carlos I.


title: José María Aznar

text: The Aznar Government maintained the commitment of the previous government to join the European Union's single currency and showed itself willing to take political risks in order to meet the requirements for membership. Aznar also announced the sale early in 1997 of the nation's remaining minority stake (golden shares) in the Telefónica telecommunications company and the petroleum group Repsol. This marked the beginning of a period of privatizations after the previous PSOE government had nationalized parts of the economy.


title: José María Aznar

text: Spanish voters reelected Aznar in the 2000 general election with an outright majority. The PP obtained 44.5% of the vote and 183 seats. The Spanish electorate's participation was the lowest for a general election in Spain in the post-Franco era.


title: José María Aznar

text: After six years of relative political calm, when political debate was dominated by a consensus within the ruling party on economics, regional nationalism, and terrorism, several issues arose which polarized Spanish public opinion. Like UK Prime Minister Tony Blair, Aznar actively supported the United States' War on Terrorism, despite public opposition. Aznar met with Bush in a private meeting before 2003 invasion of Iraq to discuss the situation of in the UN Security Council. "El País" leaked a partial transcript of the meeting. The government handling of the wreckage of the Greek Prestige tanker near the Spanish coast, which resulted in a major ecological disaster, also became a divisive issue.


title: José María Aznar

text: He actively encouraged and supported the Bush administration's foreign policy and the US invasion of Iraq in 2003. He defended it on the basis of secret intelligence allegedly containing evidence of the Iraqi government's nuclear proliferation. On 30 January 2003, Aznar signed "The letter of the eight" supporting US. policy on Iraq. The majority of the Spanish population, including some PP members, were against the war. Spain's major cities were the scene of the largest street demonstrations ever seen in the country as a result of the government's participation in the invasion. Aznar lost some support from those who had voted for the PP in 2000. On a live TV interview aired on the public station while demonstrations were taking place on the streets, he asked the Spanish people to take his word assuring there were weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, of which he had evidence. This is now regarded as incorrect.


title: José María Aznar

text: In January 2004 Aznar called a general election and designated his successor as candidate, Mariano Rajoy, sticking to a pledge of not seeking office for a third term. Despite political tensions, polls suggested that the People's Party was set to win a third consecutive election on the strength of the economy.


title: José María Aznar

text: An opinion poll carried out by the government-run CIS (which had estimated that 92% of the Spanish people did not support the War in Iraq) in February 2004 estimated that the PP would win an election with 42.2% of the vote while the PSOE would only get 35.5%.


title: José María Aznar

text: Three days before the 2004 general election, 10 bombs killed 191 people in the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings. Initially, the government and the opposition stated publicly that it was possible the bombings may have been the work of ETA. However, the PP government continued to blame ETA even after evidence that the attacks may have been the work of an Islamist group emerged, having the minister of foreign affairs, Ana Palacio, instruct all Spanish diplomats to place the blame on ETA at every opportunity. The public perception that the government hid information from the general population gave rise to a public outcry. Two days after the Atocha bombings, demonstrations took place across Spain demanding news from the investigation, where chants such as "We want the truth before we vote" and "Who is responsible?" were heard.


title: José María Aznar

text: Three days after the train bombings, the opposition PSOE won the elections. The subsequent investigations held by a Parliamentary Committee were characterized by bitter partisan exchanges between the different political parties, with dispute over who may have been responsible for the bombings. Aznar appeared before the Committee in November 2004 and declared his belief that the authors of the bombings were not to be found "in faraway deserts or remote mountains." Aznar said in 2006 that he thought that the attacks were not exclusively perpetrated by Islamists.


title: José María Aznar

text: After leaving office on 17 April 2004 he presided over the FAES think tank, which is associated with the PP. After a 2005 reform, promoted by Prime Minister Rodríguez Zapatero, former prime ministers were admitted into the Council of State, a position from which he later resigned.


title: José María Aznar

text: Aznar was appointed Distinguished Scholar in the Practice of Global Leadership at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. in April 2004. In this position, he teaches two seminars per semester on contemporary European politics and trans-Atlantic relationships in the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service. Additionally, he teaches a course on political leadership, convened by Professor Carol Lancaster, with former Polish President Kwasniewski. Aznar leads public dialogues on pressing contemporary concerns in collaboration with other members of the faculty; he was awarded an honorary degree at Universidad Francisco Marroquin.


title: José María Aznar

text: In 2007, Aznar was appointed to the advisory board of Centaurus Capital, a London-based hedge fund, an appointment which proved to be short-lived. In 2006, he was appointed to the Board of Directors of News Corporation, the media conglomerate of Rupert Murdoch. He is also member of the European Advisory Panel of The European Business Awards and the European Council on Tolerance and Reconciliation.


title: José María Aznar

text: Aznar is a member of the Club de Madrid, an independent non-profit organization created to promote democracy and change in the international community, composed by more than 100 members: former democratic Heads of State and Government from around the world.


title: José María Aznar

text: Since 2013, Aznar has served on the Leadership Council for Concordia, a nonpartisan, nonprofit based in New York City focused on promoting effective public-private collaboration to create a more prosperous and sustainable future, and is a member of the Board of Directors of Afiniti, a US based artificial intelligence business.


title: José María Aznar

text: In October 2008, on the occasion of a visit by the Czech President Václav Klaus to the Spanish capital, Aznar said that anthropogenic climate change is a "scientifically questionable" theory which had become a religion, and whose followers were "enemies of freedom".


title: José María Aznar

text: These views were similar to those expressed by Klaus in his book "Blue Planet in Green Shackles", which was published in Spanish by FAES. Aznar's speech caused some puzzlement, as his government had been a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol in 1998, and it appeared that he had subsequently changed his mind about climate change.


title: José María Aznar

text: In 2009 Aznar was due to speak to a Heartland Institute conference, which was billed as the "world's largest-ever gathering of global warming skeptics". He withdrew at short notice, and in the absence of a public explanation there was speculation that he did so in order to spare his party embarrassment. The People's Party distanced itself from the environmental views of Aznar, classing him among a "sceptical minority" within its membership. However, some People's Party politicians favored Aznar and wanted a public debate on climate change, most notably Esperanza Aguirre.


title: José María Aznar

text: In 2010 it was reported that Aznar would chair the Advisory Council of the Global Adaptation Institute, a new body concerned with adaptation to climate change.


title: José María Aznar

text: In 2010, Aznar founded the Friends of Israel Initiative, with the stated goal to "counter the attempts to delegitimize the State of Israel and its right to live in peace within safe and defensible borders". Referring to the ill-fated takeover of the Mavi Marmara by Israeli commandos, Aznar said in 2010 that the world must support Israel because "if it goes down, we all go down". He said that "In an ideal world, the assault by Israeli commandos on the "Mavi Marmara" would not have ended up with nine dead and a score wounded. In an ideal world, the soldiers would have been peacefully welcomed on to the ship."


title: José María Aznar

text: He criticized Turkey for placing Israel "in an impossible situation" in which it would have to either give up its security or face world condemnation. Aznar concluded that Israel is the West's first line of defense, and must be protected.


title: José María Aznar

text: In 2014, in an address at the British House of Commons Aznar said Israel is needed by the European Union. He said his report recommends that due to its Western culture and the benefits it brings the European Union, Israel should become a full member of the EU without pre-conditions.


title: José María Aznar

text: Aznar's government posthumously granted a medal of Civil Merit to Melitón Manzanas, the head of the secret police in San Sebastián and the first high-profile member of the Francoist government killed by ETA in 1968. Manzanas was widely considered a torturer, and Amnesty International condemned the award.


title: José María Aznar

text: After the 2004 elections it was revealed that Aznar and his government secretly channeled public funds to a United States legal firm to lobby for the bestowment of the Congressional Gold Medal on Aznar. The contract consisted in a first payment of US$700,000 for the first seven months, followed by $100,000 monthly payments until it reached the sum of $2 million.


title: José María Aznar

text: In an interview with BBC World on 27 July 2006 he voiced doubts about "Islamists" being the sole culprits of the disputed 2004 Madrid train bombings, "You know in this moment some perpetrators of the attacks, but you do not know who imagined the attack, who is the leader of the attack, who is the idea (sic) of the attack, who established and supported means for the attacks, who defined the logistics of the attacks, who established the strategies of the attack. Nothing...I think that one part of the perpetrators are Islamists, but I think that this is not only an Islamist attack."


title: José María Aznar

text: During a Washington, D.C. conference at the Hudson Institute, a conservative U.S. think tank, on 23 September 2006, referring to Pope Benedict XVI's comments on Islam and violence, Aznar asked why Muslims had not apologized for occupying Spain for 800 years as Al-Andalus. He then called the Alliance of Civilizations initiative "stupid." His reference to apologies was a response to the demonstrations asking the Pope to apologize. One PP official clarified Aznar's speech by saying the prime minister thought it is pointless to apologize for historical events.


title: José María Aznar

text: The American magazine "Foreign Policy" ranks him among the "five worst ex-presidents of the world" for his post-presidency behavior. According to the magazine, Aznar distinguished himself by his "extreme rhetoric" for his negationist positions on the issue of global warming, his rejection of the efforts of inter-religious dialogue or for having declared that the election of an African-American to the presidency of the United States would lead to a "foreseeable economic disaster".


title: José María Aznar

text: In 1977 Aznar married Ana Botella, by whom he has three children: José María, Ana and Alonso. Their daughter married Alejandro Agag at El Escorial on 5 September 2002, and they have four children.


title: José María Aznar

text: In 2008 in response to rumours, Aznar denied being the father of Zohra Dati, daughter of Rachida Dati, the then French minister for justice. The mother subsequently claimed that another individual, Dominique Desseigne, was the father of her child.


title: José María Aznar

text: In December 2012, a French court ordered Desseigne to undergo a paternity test to see if he fathered Dati's child. A French court decision of 7 January 2016 ruled that Desseigne was indeed the father.


title: Rainych

text: Rainych Ran ( ; born October 20, 1992 in West Sumatra, Indonesia), better known mononymously as Rainych, is the pseudonym of an Indonesian singer and YouTuber. She is notable for her renditions of city pop, vocaloid, anime and J-pop songs, such as "Mayonaka no Door" and "Plastic Love". She is also known for her Japanese covers of English songs, such as "Say So" and "Blinding Lights", which have been praised by both their original singers, Doja Cat and The Weeknd respectively.


title: Rainych

text: Rainych Ran was born on October 20, 1992 in West Sumatra. She started singing when she was in elementary school and was interested in anime and manga as a teenager. Before gaining attention as a YouTuber, she taught robotics at a vocational school.


title: Rainych

text: Rainych had various life problems and was depressed until the end of 2015, but created her YouTube channel on May 27, 2015 (JST) and uploaded Japanese song covers on YouTube from her bedroom since 2016. Until the end of 2018, her YouTube channel only reached about 9,000 subscribers, but she still expressed her happiness by thanking the fans that supported on her Facebook page.


title: Rainych

text: Rainych did not show her face in her uploads until early 2019 when she released a rendition of the a theme song to the anime "Dororo". Her covers of hit songs, such as "Lemon" and "Gurenge" achieved millions of views, and her rendition of "Omae wa Mou" became a hit. On November 18, 2019 (JST), via her indie label Sprite:Wall, she released her first single for the global market, a Japanese-English song entitled "Time-Lapse".


title: Rainych

text: In March 2020, she released a Japanese cover version of Doja Cat's single "Say So" in a style reminiscent of 80's city pop. Translated by fellow YouTuber Datenkou, the video became viral and gained the attention of Doja Cat while on an Instagram livestream after a fan suggested that she listen to her cover. Doja Cat praised her during livestream, calling her voice "beautiful". She expressed her happiness and gratitude on Twitter, thanking the fan that suggested the song. Her cover of "Plastic Love" also attracted attention, garnering coverage from Japanese media. On August 23, 2020, she appeared on the NHK-BS program "Cool Japan ~Hakkutsu! Kakkoī Nippon~", where she performed her cover of "Mayonaka no Door." In August, she also posted a Japanese cover of The Weeknd's song "Blinding Lights" which earned praise from The Weeknd himself on his SNS.


title: Rainych

text: With praise heaped on by Doja Cat and The Weeknd, Rainych's career path has surfaced to the Japanese market. On October 2, 2020 (JST), she made her Japanese debut with the remix of her cover of "Say So" by Tofubeats, following her announcement in the previous days. On October 29, 2020, she uploaded a cover of Miki Matsubara's 1979 song "Mayonaka no Door" arranged by Natsuki Harada of Evening Cinema, with the cover gaining popularity in Indonesia. The cover led people to rediscover the original, and is attributed by "Billboard" as the reason the original gained popularity throughout the rest of the world. On December 11, 2020, she covered Momoko Kikuchi's song "Blind Curve", and was praised by Momoko Kikuchi herself.


title: Rainych

text: On January 26, 2021, TikTok Japan announced that Rainych was chosen as a guest of the TikTok LIVE "Show What な Night" on January 30, 2021.


title: Rainych

text: On March 22, 2021, Sony Music Japan announced Rainych's first EP, consisting of 7-inch custom pink vinyl covers of "Mayonaka no Door" and "Blind Curve". Several days later, she released a cover of Tatsuro Yamashita's song "Ride on Time". Her first EP officially released on May 26, 2021, and sold out at Sony Music Shop and other Japanese music stores. As a result, it peaked at No. 49 on the Oricon charts. On June 23, 2021, Sony Music Japan announced about Rainych's second EP in 7-inch vinyl record, entitled "RIDE ON TIME / Say So -Japanese Version- (tofubeats Remix)" and released on August 28.


title: Rainych

text: In early January 2022, Rainych released "Kanashimi wo Yasashisa ni" cover version to participate in the 20th anniversary of the anime "Naruto". In March 2022, she confirmed her collaboration in Maki Nomiya's self-cover project, "Sweet Soul Revue" following media reports in the previous days.


title: Rainych

text: Rainych has been praised for her appearances; Jane Su and Mika Horii of TBS Radio described her in a single word as "kawaii". Jane Su also described Rainych as "a girl with shiny mochi-like skin" in her videos. Her vocals and musicality has been noted for being "sophisticated". Her voice has been described by medias as cute, light, unique and transparent, and she has also described as an "utahime" ("diva", "song princess") and a "cover monster". Saito Takashi of Meiji University described her songs in Japanese language are brilliant, fresh and surprising.


title: Rainych

text: Rainych has often been cited as an influencer within the music industry. Yoshihiro Kawasaki of Pony Canyon attributed Rainych's fame to her enormous influence, and stated that she had brought to the forefront anew some of the greatest Japanese works through her voice and character. Noriko Ashizawa of Spotify Japan connected her figure to the current popularity of city pop, especially in Indonesia, which has a high affinity with Japanese and J-pop culture. Kento Nakajima of Sexy Zone has cited Rainych as his "favorite painter", and also stated that she is an artist who draws city pop style paintings and currently attracting a lot of attention in Japan. Not only her popularity burst in Japan but also Rainych's popularity spans almost the entire world; she has fans in more than 100 countries.


title: Rainych

text: Through her works, she is known as a J-pop singer. Her musical style has been recognized as city pop, alongside other genres for other covers. With reflecting on the release Japanese covers of "Say So" and "Blinding Lights" in 2020, her musical style more expanded, and bind the Japanese and US market. Her themes indirectly is represented by the J-pop culture that has affected her. Rainych has cited Reol and LiSA as a particular influence artists. Additionally, she is heavily influenced by Reol, according to interviews with the "Magic Rain" and "Netorabo", and is influenced by the Indonesian "" community, the "Japanese sound" and Vocaloid culture. Not only in terms of "Japanese songs". In one instance, she included K-pop elements into her vocals and visual style, sang a cover of a Mandarin song, and sang a traditional Indonesian song in a livestream.


title: Rainych

text: Rainych speaks English and Indonesian, along with several Indonesian regional languages, such as Minangkabau. In several interviews and a livestream, Rainych has revealed that she keeps her personal life private. In an interview with "Withnews" and "J-Wave News", Rainych makes a serious effort to protect her privacy by not revealing any details about where currently she lives. Although her YouTube videos have attracted a lot of worldwide attention, she has not fully disclosed her activities to anyone except her family and neighbors. In an interview with "NNA ASIA", it was revealed that due to restrictions stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic, Rainych spends most of her time at home without going out.


title: Rainych

text: Rainych has been sponsored by miHoYo and Riot Games in relation to the video games "Honkai Impact 3" and "League of Legends".


title: Rainych

text: Aside she performs on her own YouTube channel. Rainych has also made appearances in the videos of other YouTube channels or other video websites, and often collaborated with overseas artists; for instance, in May 2020, she appeared on an online collaboration project with overseas YouTubers, titled "Gurenge - Demon Slayer (Opening)｜Band Cover".


title: Rainych

text: During 2020–2022, Rainych became a source of news not only on numerous Japanese television networks (TBS, NHK, Fuji TV, Kansai TV and Nippon TV), but also on several Japanese radios.


title: Rainych

text: As a singer and YouTuber, Rainych has been hailed as a prominent figure with positive receptions. In 2020, Miki Matsubara's "Mayonaka no Door" (1979) peaked on the Spotify Global Viral Chart for 15 consecutive days, and reached the top ranking on Apple's J-pop music chart in 12 countries, triggered by the release of Rainych's cover in October that year, and the cover being featured as Tiktok's BGM. Kazunari Imai of Pony Canyon commented that "it's a classical synergistic hit" when "Mayonaka no Door" became one of the most iconic events in music streaming.


title: Kyrgyzstan national football team

text: The Kyrgyzstan national football team ( ("Kyrgyz Respublikasynyn uluttuk kurama komandasy"); ("Sbornaya Kirgizskoi Respubliki po Futbolu")), officially recognised by FIFA and AFC as Kyrgyz Republic, represents Kyrgyzstan in international football and is controlled by the Kyrgyz Football Union, a member of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) and Central Asian Football Association.


title: Kyrgyzstan national football team

text: The following is a list of match results in the last 12 months, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.


title: Kyrgyzstan national football team

text: In 2006, Kyrgyzstan took part in the inaugural ELF Cup in Northern Cyprus. This competition was originally intended to be for teams that were not members of FIFA; however, the organisers extended invitations to both Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, who were both represented by their national futsal teams.


title: Tommy Doyle (footballer, born 2001)

text: Thomas Glyn Doyle (born 17 October 2001) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for EFL Championship club Sheffield United, on loan from Premier League club Manchester City


title: Tommy Doyle (footballer, born 2001)

text: Born in Manchester, England, Doyle joined Sandbach United F.C. at the age of four, before joining Manchester City at the age of eight.


title: Tommy Doyle (footballer, born 2001)

text: Tommy turned down a loan move to Preston North End on deadline day in the autumn of 2020 with the intention of fighting for a place in the first team.


title: Tommy Doyle (footballer, born 2001)

text: Doyle made his professional debut for Manchester City in a 3–1 EFL Cup win over Southampton on 29 October 2019. On 18 September 2020, he extended his contract until 2025.


title: Tommy Doyle (footballer, born 2001)

text: On 20 January 2022, Doyle joined EFL Championship side Cardiff City on loan until the end of the season. He scored his first goal for the club on 23 February 2022 in a 2–1 loss to Huddersfield Town.


title: Tommy Doyle (footballer, born 2001)

text: Doyle was a member of the England under-17 squad that hosted the 2018 UEFA European Under-17 Championship. He scored a penalty in the opening game against Israel. The following fixture saw him score the winning goal against Italy. A metatarsal injury in the final group match against Switzerland ruled him out of the rest of the tournament.


title: Tommy Doyle (footballer, born 2001)

text: On 13 October 2020, Doyle captained the England U20s on his debut for the age group during a 2–0 victory over Wales at St. George's Park.


title: Tommy Doyle (footballer, born 2001)

text: On 27 August 2021, Doyle received his first call up for the England U21s. On 7 September 2021, he made his England U21 debut during the 2-0 2023 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualification win over Kosovo U21s at Stadium MK.


title: Tommy Doyle (footballer, born 2001)

text: Doyle's paternal grandfather Mike Doyle and maternal grandfather Glyn Pardoe, were former professional footballers and long-time teammates at Manchester City.