title: Chandannagar

text: The KMDA Park located West of Chandernagore Railway Station is a popular park and picnic spot. It was made open to the public in 2002 and since then it has served thousands of people who come here for picnics, particularly in the winter months.


title: Chandannagar

text: There mango gardens now privately owned and maintained are popular picnic spots situated west of the railway station near Mankundu. The Gardens have been operational since 2009, and several hundreds of people gather here for winter day outs. Few such gardens are named as Amrapali, Amrakunja.


title: Chandannagar

text: During the month of November, 10 days after Diwali, Jagaddhatri Puja is held citywide including the neighbouring towns of Bhadreswar and Mankundu. These idols are almost 3 times taller than the Durga Puja held in Kolkata. From Panchami till Dashami the whole region lights up, bedecked with lights of Chandernagore's local manufacturers. From Dashami night till the next dawn all the major puja committees bring their idols with a theme and line in the world's largest procession after Rio's Samba festival. Some of the oldest pujas here range from over 300 (Adi Maa) till 150 years.


title: Chandannagar

text: Jagaddhatri Puja is a major socio-cultural event in this region, attracting massive crowds from all over the state of West Bengal.


title: Chandannagar

text: The ancient history of Jagaddhatri Puja in Chandannagar is unknown even today. It is wrongly believed that Indranarayan Chowdhury introduced the Jagaddhatri Puja in Chandannagar in manners similar to Raja Krishnachandra of Krishnanagore. The time of beginning of Jagaddhatri Puja in Krishnanagore was 1762. Indranarayan Choudhury died in 1756. So Indranarayan Choudhury by no means introduced the Jagaddhatri puja in Chandannagar. The beginning of Jagaddhatri puja in Chandannagar probably dates back earlier than 1750. Indranarayan Choudhury performed the Jagaddhatri puja at his own house in Chandannagar, at the time Krishnachandra used to come to borrow money from Indranarayan Choudhury. The father of Krishnachandra had started the puja of Jagaddhatri at Krishna Nagar due to missing out once on the puja of Durga by being locked up in British prison. Once Krishnachandra's ship could not reach Krishna Nagar in time for Jagaddhatri puja due to weak winds. So he performed on day of navami the puja at the Ghat of Nichupatty. Seeing in this the wish of the Goddess to be established as a puja in Chandannagar too, he left funds for its yearly worship on a permanent basis.


title: Chandannagar

text: In 1780 "Bengal Gazette" of James August Hickey was the first newspaper of this country. The newspaper was silent about the Jagaddhatri Puja. But the 'Friends of India' published a report on the community Jagaddhatri Puja in 1820. The date of the community Jagaddhatri Puja in Chandernagore was 1790. In those days Robert Clive called Lakhsmiganj of Chandernagore the 'Granary of Bengal'. The Jagaddhatri Puja at Chaulpatty (Rice Market) in Lakshmiganj is probably the historic example of the ancient community Jagaddhatri Puja. The Jagaddhatri Puja of Chandernagore bridges the past and the present.


title: Chandannagar

text: One of the main attractions of the Jagaddhatri idol of Chandernagore is the ornamental decoration of the goddess with sola and the beautiful canvas of mats with paintings at the back of the image. Also the procession is second longest in the world after Rio de Janeiro's.


title: Chandannagar

text: This famous Art school running for the last 60 years. This is one of the most famous Art school in town.founder sunil chatterjee


title: Chandannagar

text: This organisation famous for organising Art and Craft Exhibition every year along with Workshop and Puja Parikrama since


title: Chandannagar

text: As per 2011 Census of India Chandannagar had a total population of 166,867 of which 84,009 (50.3%) were males and 82,858 (49.7%) were females. Population below 6 years was 11,826. The total number of literates in Chandannagar was 139,005 (89.65% of the population over 6 years).


title: Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die!

text: Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die! is the fourth studio album by American pop rock band Panic! at the Disco. The album was released on October 8, 2013 on Decaydance and Fueled by Ramen. Recorded as a trio, the album was produced by Butch Walker, and is the only album to feature bassist Dallon Weekes since he officially joined the band in 2010. This was also the final album to feature drummer Spencer Smith, thus making this Panic!'s final album as a rock band, with further releases being made as a solo project fronted by Brendon Urie.


title: Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die!

text: Described as a "party record", "Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die!" was preceded by the singles "Miss Jackson" and "This Is Gospel", with "Girls / Girls / Boys" and "Nicotine" EP following after its release. The album's overall aesthetic is influenced by dance music, electronica and hip hop.


title: Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die!

text: "Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die!" debuted at number two on the US "Billboard" 200, earning the band their second career number two. The song "Vegas Lights" would later be used as the Vegas Golden Knights' goal song.


title: Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die!

text: Musically, "Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die!" is inspired by hip hop in that "there are no rules". In an extension of that mantra, the album is an eclectic affair that varies wildly from song to song. Other inspirations for the album were drawn from electronic composers such as Kraftwerk, and Wendy Carlos (composer of the soundtrack of "Tron" and "A Clockwork Orange"). The album's sound has been described as pop, dance-pop, synth-pop, electropop, indie rock, alternative rock, pop rock, and emo.


title: Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die!

text: The name of the album was lifted from "Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas", a film based on a fictionalized version of author Hunter S. Thompson. It is a reference to the central idea of the album, which was inspired by lead singer Brendon Urie, and drummer Spencer Smith's home city of Las Vegas.


title: Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die!

text: Urie's lyrical contributions to "Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die!" were further inspired by the band's city. Prior to the album's release, he noted: "When we did our first record, we were really bitter toward the whole Vegas scene. We weren't old enough to experience all of what Vegas is really known for. Even the shows, most of them were twenty-one and over. There was a lot of hostility, but over the past couple years, I’ve started to get rid of that cynicism and see it in a new light [...] I wanted to celebrate it." He penned much of the album's lyrics in the city itself: "There's some glitz, some glamour, but there's also the dingy, old Vegas side to the music."


title: Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die!

text: The record's lyrics are very personal in nature. The first track, "This is Gospel" (written by Urie and bassist Dallon Weekes), talks about Spencer's drug addiction. The original demo sat on Urie's laptop for months before he finally shared it with the rest of the band. The album's lead single, "Miss Jackson", was written about Urie's first sexual experiences during his youth. "When I was younger, I would mess around; I'd sleep with one girl one night, sleep with her friend the next night, and not care about how they felt, or how I made them feel. And then it happened to me, and I realized 'Wow, that's what that feels like? I feel really shitty.'" A hidden preview of "Vegas Lights" was featured in the announcement video of Fall Out Boy's "Save Rock and Roll" fall arena tour. "Vegas Lights" was intended as an anthem for carefree nights in Las Vegas, that most prominently reflected how Urie felt clubbing. "I felt this weird energy where everybody was having a good time, and it didn't matter," he remarked. "Dancing like nobody's watching. It was kind of beautiful.". The song also uses a sample from "Number 5", (a song used on "Sesame Street" in the 1970s) at the beginning of the song. "Girl That You Love" was originally written in French following a five-day vacation in France. Bassist Dallon Weekes, who also performed lyrical duties for the album, later penned the English lyrics for the song based on Urie's French demo.


title: Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die!

text: The album's third single, "Girls / Girls / Boys" has been described by Dallon Weekes, as being centered on a love triangle complicated by differing sexual orientations. When commented on about the video for "Girls / Girls / Boys", lead singer Brendon Urie said "It's inspired by D'Angelo's 'Untitled (How Does It Feel)' video."


title: Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die!

text: The YouTube release of, "Casual Affair" samples the quote "Looks innocent enough, doesn't it? But sometimes there are dangers involved that never meet the eye. No matter where you meet a stranger, be careful if they are too friendly" taken from the 1961 public domain anti-gay film "Boys Beware". This quote is not present in the official album release.


title: Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die!

text: "The End of All Things" was written about Urie's wife Sarah Urie, and is written as Urie's vows in their wedding. The song was written two days before they got married.


title: Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die!

text: In August 2012, the band's last tour cycle, it was announced during a show that a new album was in the works. Soon, pictures of the band busy in the studio were posted on the band's Tumblr, Facebook, and Instagram. On July 15, 2013 the band announced "Too Weird To Live, Too Rare to Die!" for a release date of October 8 as an addition a new single "Miss Jackson" and music video. On July 18, 2013 a small tour was announced to support the album with New Politics opening for them, starting on August 1, 2013, and ending August 22, 2013. It was also announced that they would go on the Save Rock and Roll tour with Fall Out Boy. In support of the album release, On October 11, 2013, the band played a release show in Las Vegas at the Cosmo Pool. On October 14, 2013, 6 days after the album was released, the band announced a T"oo Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die!" tour, starting on January 14, 2014, and ending on February 16, 2014. The band continued to tour until May 13, 2014, and announced a new tour, titled, "The Gospel Tour" beginning on July 18, 2014, and ending August 31, 2014.


title: Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die!

text: The album's cover art features a black and white photograph of vocalist and guitarist Brendon Urie smoking a cigarette emitting rainbow-colored fumes. Drummer Spencer Smith and bassist Dallon Weekes appear in photographs within the album's supplemental artwork. Regarding the decision to feature a photograph of himself on the cover, Urie noted, "I love being the center of attention, I'm shameless about it. And being the lead singer, everyone thought it made sense, for me to be front and center. It felt right, since I was so close to these songs." In another interview, Urie said "[the album] really was just about times I had growing up in Vegas. I wanted to create that character. The person I am on the cover is not who I am. Even the smoking cigarettes — I’ve quit since then. But when I was a kid, that was the guy who ran around Vegas and owned it. He had a Liberace jacket and he was smoking a cigarette. He was owning the desert, he didn’t give a fuck, and the smoke was colored — that to me was the quintessential Vegas guy."


title: Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die!

text: In the United States, the album made its debut on the "Billboard" 200 at number 2, on the chart issue dated October 26, 2013, selling 84,000 copies. In its second week of selling, the album fell 17 spots, from number 2, to 19. After 108 weeks of charting on the "Billboard" 200, the album fell off.


title: Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die!

text: The Vegas Golden Knights of the National Hockey League have used one of the songs from the album, "Vegas Lights," as their goal song since the team's debut in 2017.


title: Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die!

text: "Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die!" received generally positive reviews from music critics. On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 from reviews from critics, the album received a 72 based on 8 reviews.


title: Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die!

text: In a positive review, Matt Collar of AllMusic praised the album's exploration of different genres. In another positive review, Eric Allen of "American Songwriter" stated that while the album seems to be extremely dissimilar in the first listen, Brendon Urie's personal lyrics thematically tie them all together. In a mixed review, Jordan Blum of "PopMatters" wrote that the album felt like a continuation of "Vices & Virtues" and came off as obnoxious, generic, and too uninvolving to listen to.


title: Asparagine

text: Asparagine (symbol Asn or N) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH form under biological conditions), an α-carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated −COO form under biological conditions), and a side chain carboxamide, classifying it as a polar (at physiological pH), aliphatic amino acid. It is non-essential in humans, meaning the body can synthesize it. It is encoded by the codons AAU and AAC.


title: Asparagine

text: Asparagine was first isolated in 1806 in a crystalline form by French chemists Louis Nicolas Vauquelin and Pierre Jean Robiquet (then a young assistant). It was isolated from asparagus juice, in which it is abundant, hence the chosen name. It was the first amino acid to be isolated.


title: Asparagine

text: Three years later, in 1809, Pierre Jean Robiquet identified a substance from liquorice root with properties which he qualified as very similar to those of asparagine, and which Plisson identified in 1828 as asparagine itself.


title: Asparagine

text: The determination of asparagine's structure required decades of research. The empirical formula for asparagine was first determined in 1833 by the French chemists Antoine François Boutron Charlard and Théophile-Jules Pelouze; in the same year, the German chemist Justus Liebig provided a more accurate formula. In 1846 the Italian chemist Raffaele Piria treated asparagine with nitrous acid, which removed the molecule's amine (–NH) groups and transformed asparagine into malic acid. This revealed the molecule's fundamental structure: a chain of four carbon atoms. Piria thought that asparagine was a diamide of malic acid; however, in 1862 the German chemist Hermann Kolbe showed that this surmise was wrong; instead, Kolbe concluded that asparagine was an amide of an amine of succinic acid. In 1886, the Italian chemist Arnaldo Piutti (1857–1928) discovered a mirror image or "enantiomer" of the natural form of asparagine, which shared many of asparagine's properties, but which also differed from it. Since the structure of asparagine was still not fully known – the location of the amine group within the molecule was still not settled – Piutti synthesized asparagine and thus published its true structure in 1888.


title: Asparagine

text: Since the asparagine side-chain can form hydrogen bond interactions with the peptide backbone, asparagine residues are often found near the beginning of alpha-helices as asx turns and asx motifs, and in similar turn motifs, or as amide rings, in beta sheets. Its role can be thought as "capping" the hydrogen bond interactions that would otherwise be satisfied by the polypeptide backbone.


title: Asparagine

text: Asparagine also provides key sites for N-linked glycosylation, modification of the protein chain with the addition of carbohydrate chains. Typically, a carbohydrate tree can solely be added to an asparagine residue if the latter is flanked on the C side by X-serine or X-threonine, where X is any amino acid with the exception of proline.


title: Asparagine

text: Asparagine can be hydroxylated in the HIF1 hypoxia inducible transcription factor. This modification inhibits HIF1-mediated gene activation.


title: Asparagine

text: Asparagine is not essential for humans, which means that it can be synthesized from central metabolic pathway intermediates and is not required in the diet.


title: Asparagine

text: The precursor to asparagine is oxaloacetate, which a transaminase enzyme converts to aspartate. The enzyme transfers the amino group from glutamate to oxaloacetate producing α-ketoglutarate and aspartate. The enzyme asparagine synthetase produces asparagine, AMP, glutamate, and pyrophosphate from aspartate, glutamine, and ATP. Asparagine synthetase uses ATP to activate aspartate, forming β-aspartyl-AMP. Glutamine donates an ammonium group, which reacts with β-aspartyl-AMP to form asparagine and free AMP.


title: Asparagine

text: In reaction that is the reverse of its biosynthesis, asparagine is hydrolyzed to aspartate by asparaginase. Aspartate then undergoes transamination to form glutamate and oxaloacetate from alpha-ketoglutarate. Oxaloacetate, which enters the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle).


title: Asparagine

text: Heating a mixture of asparagine and reducing sugars or other source of carbonyls produces acrylamide in food. These products occur in baked goods such as French fries, potato chips, and toasted bread. Acrylamide is converted in the liver to glycidamide, which is a possible carcinogen.


title: Asparagine

text: Asparagine is required for development and function of the brain. The availability of asparagine is also important for protein synthesis during replication of poxviruses.


title: Asparagine

text: The addition of N-acetylglucosamine to asparagine is performed by oligosaccharyltransferase enzymes in the endoplasmic reticulum. This glycosylation is important both for protein structure and protein function.


The 2016 Conservative Party leadership election was held due to Prime Minister David Cameron's resignation as party leader. He had resigned after losing the national referendum to leave the European Union. Cameron, who supported Britain's continued membership of the EU, announced his resignation on 24 June, saying that he would step down by October. Theresa May won the contest on 11 July 2016, after the withdrawal of Andrea Leadsom left her as the sole candidate.


title: 2016 Conservative Party leadership election

text: Conservative members of Parliament had voted initially in a series of ballots to determine which two candidates would go forward to a nationwide ballot of Conservative Party members for the final decision. Five Conservative MPs put themselves forward as candidates: Justice Secretary Michael Gove, Work and Pensions Secretary Stephen Crabb, former Defence Secretary Liam Fox, Minister of State for Energy and Climate Change Andrea Leadsom, and Home Secretary Theresa May. Former Mayor of London Boris Johnson, seen as the front runner by political analysts, surprised many commentators by choosing not to run after Gove withdrew his backing and announced his own candidacy.


text: In the first-round ballot, May, gaining the support of half of Conservative MPs, was placed first with Leadsom in second place. Fox was eliminated on the first ballot; Crabb withdrew later that day. Gove was eliminated in the second round of voting. Before the Conservative Party members were due to cast their votes, Leadsom withdrew from the contest on 11 July. May was appointed party leader later that day, and prime minister on 13 July. She appointed Boris Johnson, Fox and Leadsom to her Cabinet, respectively as Foreign Secretary, international trade secretary, and environment secretary.


text: If not for Leadsom's withdrawal, Conservative Party members would have directly elected a new prime minister for the first time.


text: During the 2015 general election campaign, David Cameron, then leader of the Conservative Party and prime minister, announced that he would not seek a third term; he was therefore expected to stand down before the following general election — at that time, expected to occur in 2020 — although he spoke of serving a full term.


text: Following a manifesto commitment, Cameron and the Conservative Party introduced legislation for a referendum on the UK's membership of the European Union, which was held on 23 June 2016. Cameron and the Government supported a Remain vote, although the Conservative Party was officially neutral in the campaign and many Conservative politicians, including some Cabinet members, campaigned to Leave. There was speculation during the campaign as to whether Cameron would resign if Leave won, but on the day of the referendum, both Leave- and Remain-supporting Conservatives called for him to stay whatever the result.


text: A Leave win was announced on the morning of 24 June 2016, and Cameron announced shortly afterward that he would be stepping down. He said that he would continue in post while the leadership election was ongoing, with the new leader to be in place in time for the party conference in October. However, the way in which events unfolded resulted in his much earlier departure.


text: The campaign was framed by whether candidates had supported Remain or Leave; initial speculation by some analysts was that a Leave supporter would be more likely to win. Based on media speculation, the front runners on 29 June were Boris Johnson (Leave) and Theresa May (Remain), with Johnson the early favourite. Johnson's candidacy was expected to be supported by Michael Gove, the two having worked together for Leave through the referendum campaign, as well as by Andrea Leadsom. However, earlier that week, May was leading by a narrow margin in opinion polls commissioned by "The Times" and by "The Independent".


text: Gove, previously seen as a key ally of the Johnson campaign, announced his own candidacy three hours before nominations closed, stating that he had reluctantly come to the conclusion that Johnson could not "provide the leadership or build the team for the task ahead." Johnson subsequently withdrew from the leadership race. "The Telegraph" stated that Gove's actions in undermining Johnson's leadership aspirations constituted "the most spectacular political assassination in a generation." Gove's move was compared to the betrayals of fiction with, for example, Johnson's father, Stanley Johnson, quoting "Et tu Brute". Some of Johnson's allies subsequently began shifting their support to May, because they perceived a "systematic and calculated plot" by Gove to remove their candidate from the race.


text: By 5 July 2016, Gove was in a distant third place in the leadership race based on the number of endorsements received from other MPs. He was eliminated in the second MPs' ballot.


text: A post-contest analysis in "The Daily Telegraph" noted that the £275,000 contributions to Theresa May's campaign "dwarfed her rivals", and Cameron's original honours list contained the names of two major Conservative party donors who supported her campaign.


text: The initial days of the campaign remained overshadowed by the fallout from Gove's entry into the race and Johnson's departure. May gathered the most support from MPs early on. Gavin Williamson — later to be appointed Chief Whip by May — was her parliamentary campaign manager and responsible for rallying this support, together with a small group of MPs including Julian Smith, Kris Hopkins, Simon Kirby, Karen Bradley and George Hollingbery. In the initial days of the campaign, Leadsom said that she would not rule out involving Nigel Farage, then the leader of the UK Independence Party (UKIP), in Brexit negotiations; the May campaign criticised Leadsom for claimed UKIP links. Leadsom had approached the Johnson campaign with a proposed deal not to run in exchange for being made one of his top three ministers. Johnson agreed to the deal, but was too late in communicating the decision, and Leadsom chose to run for leader.


text: All five candidates for the Conservative leadership said that they would not call an early general election, relying instead on the Conservative mandate secured at the 2015 election. The five candidates also rejected the idea of calling a second referendum on British withdrawal from the EU, pledging to take the UK out of the Union, although on different timeframes.


text: An editorial in "The Guardian" noted that the Brexit-dominated leadership campaign presented a danger that the next prime minister would be chosen on this basis at a time when several major domestic issues would also demand the prime minister's attention, such as the disputes between the government and unions representing teachers and junior doctors.


text: An interview with Leadsom in "The Times" in early July created some controversy. The article quoted Leadsom as saying that motherhood gave her a better political perspective than May — who is childless — although Leadsom protested the article misrepresented her views. She later apologised to May. There was also controversy about claimed inaccuracies in Leadsom's CV. Meanwhile, Crabb, after his candidacy had ended, was reported to have been sexting a woman despite being married and stressing family values in his campaign.


text: The election process for selecting the leader of the Conservative Party is overseen by the Conservative 1922 Committee, although election procedures are approved by the Board of the Conservative Party. Nominations for the leadership are invited by the Chairman of the 1922 Committee (Graham Brady at the time), acting as Returning Officer for all stages of the election. Candidates must be proposed and seconded in writing, with names of the proposers and seconders being published. When nominations close, a list of valid nominations is published. If there is only one valid nomination, that person is declared elected. If only two valid nominations are received, both names go forward to the general membership of the Party. If more than two nominations are received, a ballot is held within the Parliamentary Party on the Tuesday immediately following the closing date for nominations. An exhaustive ballot system is used to select two candidates to go forward to the general membership of the Party.


text: A ballot paper is produced and issued to all Conservative Members in the House of Commons, who indicate one choice from the candidates listed. Proxy votes are possible. The ballot is conducted in secret. If there are three candidates in the first ballot, the two who receive the most votes go forward to the general membership. If there are more than three, the candidate receiving the fewest votes is eliminated and a second ballot, under the same rules, is held the following Thursday. If there are no more than three candidates in the second ballot, the two receiving the most votes go forward to the general membership. If a third ballot is required, it is held the following Tuesday. This process is repeated as often as necessary, on alternate Tuesdays and Thursdays. When a ballot with only three candidates is reached, the two candidates who receive the highest number of votes go forward to the general membership. Candidates may withdraw their names at any time, "up to 24 hours of the opening of the ballot", but no new nominations will be accepted after the first ballot.


text: The two candidates selected by the Parliamentary Party are then put to the full membership of the Party (specifically, "all the members of the Conservative Party in good standing who have been members for not less than three months prior to the date of the announcement of the Vote of Confidence") in a postal ballot. Each Party member, on a "one member, one vote" basis, may vote for their preferred candidate. It is not explicitly stated in the rules from when the three months applies, in the eventuality of the leader resigning, but Rule 5 in the "Rules for the Election of the Leader" (which appears as Schedule 2 to the Constitution of the Conservative Party) gives this as "immediately prior to the close of the ballot for the election of the Leader". The Chairman of the 1922 Committee consults with the Board of the Conservative Party to agree the closing date for the ballot, which will be "as soon as practicable" after the date of the last ballot in the Parliamentary Party. The chairman, as returning officer, shall agree with the Board who is responsible, under his direction, for the receipt and counting of the votes, and the chairman announces the results "as soon as practicable" to a meeting of the Parliamentary Party and representatives of the Conservative Party.


text: Should only a single candidate be nominated, or all but one candidate be eliminated or withdraw before the scheduled end of the election (set in this instance as 9 September 2016), that single (or remaining) candidate is elected effectively unopposed without—if applicable—the votes of the party membership being issued (or counted if the ballot papers have already been issued).


text: The first ballot of MPs was held on 5 July. The results were announced at 18:30 by 1922 Committee chairman Graham Brady. May placed first, far ahead of her closest rival Leadsom. Fifth-placed candidate Fox was knocked out of the race, and Crabb withdrew following scandalous revelations about his private life; both endorsed May. Gove, Leadsom and May went through to the second ballot held on 7 July. May again was the clear winner, with Leadsom beating Gove, which meant that May and Leadsom went through to the members' ballot, the result of which was due to be announced on 9 September.


text: However, on 11 July, Leadsom withdrew from the race, saying it is in the "best interests of the country", leaving May as the only candidate. Conservative MP and Chairman of the 1922 Committee, Graham Brady, announced that May would be confirmed as Conservative Party leader as soon as the party's board had been consulted. She was confirmed as leader; David Cameron tendered his resignation as Prime Minister on 13 July, with May accepting the Queen's invitation to succeed him shortly afterwards. Having been appointed Prime Minister, she entered 10 Downing Street with a speech emphasising the term Unionist in the name of the party, reminding all of "the precious, precious bond between England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland."


text: After she became Prime Minister, May's cabinet appointments tilted to the right, according to "The Guardian"; but her speech clearly targeted the left, with a promise to combat the "burning injustice" in British society and create a union "between all of our citizens" and promising to be an advocate for the "ordinary working-class family" and not for the affluent in the UK. "The government I lead will be driven not by the interests of the privileged few but by yours. We will do everything we can to give you more control over your lives. ... When we take the big calls, we'll think not of the powerful, but you. When we pass new laws we'll listen not to the mighty, but to you. When it comes to taxes we'll prioritise not the wealthy but you."


text: Analysis of the results of the second ballot by Jeffery et al., published in the journal "Parliamentary Affairs", have shown that Conservative MPs could be split into three electoral groups: Remain-backing Conservative MPs were more likely to support May, while Leave-backing MPs were split between socially-liberal Leave MPs, who were more likely to back Gove, and socially-conservative Leave MPs, who showed a greater propensity to vote for Leadsom.


text: The following individuals announced that they would seek the leadership of the Conservative Party but then eventually did not stand, or withdrew from the race, due to insufficient support or other reasons:


text: The following individuals were the focus of media speculation as being possible leadership candidates, but ruled out a bid or did not stand by the requisite time:


text: Note some polls have asked respondents how they would vote in certain head-to-head scenarios, as indicated below.


title: Adnan

text: Adnan () is the traditional ancestor of the Adnanite Arabs of Northern, Western, Eastern and Central Arabia, as opposed to the Qahtanite Arabs of Southern Arabia who descend from Qahtan. His ancestry can be traced back to Abraham and from there to Adam and Noah.


title: Adnan

text: According to tradition, Adnan is the father of a group of the Ishmaelite Arabs who inhabited West and Northern Arabia; he is a descendant of Ishmael, son of Abraham. Adnan is believed by genealogists to be the father of many Ishmaelite tribes along the Western coast of Arabia, Northern Arabia and Iraq.


title: Adnan

text: Many family trees have been presented by Adnan, which did not agree about the number of ancestors between Ishmael and Adnan but agreed about the names and number of the ancestors between Adnan and the Islamic prophet Muhammad.


title: Adnan

text: The overwhelming majority of traditions and Muslim scholars state that Adnan is a descendant of Qedar the son of Ishmael, except for Ibn Ishaq who claimed that Adnan was a descendant of Nebaioth;. According to classical Muslim historian Al-Tabari, Ibn Ishaq's differing record may be due to one of the descendants of Qedar also bearing the name of "Nebaioth".


title: Adnan

text: Most Muslim scholars refused any attempt to recite the ancestors between Adnan to Ishmael, and condemned other scholars such as Ibn Ishaq for doing it. This complete absence of evidence for any ancestor between Adnan and Ishmael (and his son) has led some scholars to consider any personal name between the two figures as post-Islam apocrypha.


title: Adnan

text: Adnan married Mahdad bint Laham, who was a descendant of his ancestor's half brother Yaqshan. He had two sons with her, Ma'ad ibn Adnan and Akk ibn Adnan. Akk dwelt in the Yaman because he took a wife amongst the Asharites and lived with them, adopting their language. The Asharites were descended from Saba' ibn Yashjub ibn Ya'rub ibn Qahtan.


title: Adnan

text: Adnan was mentioned in various Pre-Islamic poems, by the Pre-Islamic poets Lubayb Ibn Rabi'a and Abbas Ibn Mirdas.


title: Adnan

text: Adnan was viewed by Pre-Islamic Arabs as an honorable father among the fathers of Arab tribes, and they used this ancestry to boast against other Qahtani tribes who were a minority among the Adnanites.


title: Adnan

text: Layla Bent Lukayz, a Pre-Islamic female poet, was captured by a Persian king and forced to marry him, so she composed a poem designated to other Arab tribes, asking for their help and reminding that she and they all belong to Adnan, which makes it a duty for them to rescue her.


title: Adnan

text: In other poems such as the ones composed by the Pre-Islamic poet "Qumma'a Ibn Ilias", it appears that Arabs considered it as an "Honor" to be a descendant of Adnan, and for some reason they appear to have been proud of it - presumably because if something is considered an "Honor", it is something to be proud of, as a function of the language model.


title: Adnan

text: The name of Adnan is often found in various Thamudic inscriptions, but with few details. In some Nabataean inscriptions, Adnan seems to hold some kind of importance or venerability, to the extent that some Nabataeans (descendants of Nabioth, the eldest son of Ishmael) were named after him as "Abd Adnon" (meaning, "the slave [or servant] of Adnan"). This is no particular indication that he was worshiped, rather than venerated as an honorable figure, much as other Arabs sometimes named their sons "servants" of their forefathers.


title: Adnan

text: Adnan died after Nebuchadnezzar II returned to Babylon. After Adnan's death, his son Ma'ad moved to the region of Central-Western Hijaz after the destruction of the Qedarite kingdom near Mesopotamia, and the remaining Qedarite Arabs there were displaced from their lands and forced to live in Al-Anbar province and on the banks of the Euphrates river under the rule of the Neo-Babylonian Empire.


title: Adnan

text: According to Islamic tradition, the Islamic prophet Muhammad was descended from Adnan. It has also been reported, through many speeches, that Adnan foretold the coming of Muhammad and ordered his successors to follow him. The following is the list of chiefs who are said to have ruled the Jazeera and to have been the intraline ancestors of Muhammad:


title: Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels

text: Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels is an American animated mystery comedy series created by Joe Ruby and Ken Spears and produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions for ABC. The series aired during the network's Saturday morning schedule from September 10, 1977, to June 21, 1980. All 40 episodes are available on the Boomerang subscription app.


title: Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels

text: The series follows the mystery-solving adventures of the Teen Angels—Brenda, Dee Dee and Taffy—and their friend Captain Caveman (or Cavey for short), a prehistoric caveman and superhero whom the girls discovered and thawed from a block of ice. The concept and general plot for the show was seen as a parody of "Charlie's Angels" (which also aired on ABC). The show also borrowed heavily from other Hanna-Barbera shows such as "Scooby-Doo" and "The Flintstones", among others.


title: Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels

text: Captain Caveman's powers include super-strength, a variety of useful objects hidden inside his hair, and a club that allows him to fly and from which pop out different tools he uses to fight crime. His trademark is his battle cry of "Captain CAAAAAVEMAAAAAAANNNN!" Captain Caveman's voice was provided by Mel Blanc.


title: Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels

text: A total of forty 11-minute episodes ran for three seasons from 1977 to 1980: sixteen episodes were produced as segments of "Scooby's All-Star Laff-A-Lympics" in 1977, eight episodes were produced as segments of "Scooby's All-Stars" in 1978 and sixteen episodes were produced in 1980 when "Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels" were given their own half-hour show which combined new episodes and reruns from 1977 to 1978. Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels also participated in sporting competitions as part of "The Scooby Doobies" team on the half-hour "Laff-A-Lympics" segment. Like many animated series created by Hanna-Barbera in the 1970s, the show contained a laugh track, one of the last Hanna-Barbera productions to do so.


title: Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels

text: "Set free by the Teen Angels from his prehistoric block of glacier ice, comes the world's first superhero, Captain Caveman! Now the constant companion to the Teen Angels—Brenda, Dee Dee and Taffy—in their hilarious, and sometimes scary mystery missions. Get ready for Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels!"


title: Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels

text: The music heard in the closing credits is the "CB Bears" theme. After the first three screens, the end credit roll is from the original two-hour version of "Scooby's All-Star Laff-A-Lympics".


title: Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels

text: In November 1980, Captain Caveman began to star in segments of his own on "The Flintstone Comedy Show", one of many spin-offs of Hanna-Barbera's popular prime-time show "The Flintstones", often in a role similar to that of Superman. Captain Caveman worked at "The Daily Granite" newspaper with Wilma Flintstone and Betty Rubble. His "secret identity" was Chester the office boy. To disguise himself as Chester, Captain Caveman wore a pair of glasses and a tie. Despite the simplicity of his disguise, he required a coat rack and an elaborate transformation sequence to become Captain Caveman.


title: Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels

text: In 1986, Captain Caveman appeared in a backup segment of "The Flintstone Kids" called "Captain Caveman and Son" with his son Cavey Jr. (voiced by Charlie Adler). In this case he appeared on a show-within-a-show that the younger versions of Fred, Barney, Wilma, and Betty enjoyed watching; the Captain's mumbled "unga bunga" became a catchphrase that the kids would shout before watching each "episode" of the show. The show would involve a lesson the Flintstone kids were trying to learn in the prologue. The whole "secret identity" idea was also ignored or forgotten.


title: Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels

text: Captain Caveman voiced by Tracy Morgan and Dee Dee voiced by Kiersey Clemons. Dee Dee appears as the pilot of the "Falcon Fury" and assistant of the Blue Falcon. Captain Caveman is an inhabitant of a prehistoric ecosystem under Messick Mountain and part of a tribe with long body hair like him and is capable of speaking proper English.


title: Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels

text: Captain Caveman appears in the 2021 film "". His design is the same from "Scoob!" Captain Caveman is seen watching the basketball game between the Tune Squad and the Goon Squad while swinging from the overhead power line that Magilla Gorilla was riding his unicycle on.


title: Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels

text: On July 23, 2013, Warner Archive Collection released "Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels: The Complete Series" on manufacture-on-demand (MOD) DVD in region 1 as part of their Hanna–Barbera Classics Collection.


title: Castlemaine Perkins

text: Castlemaine Perkins is a brewery at 185 Milton Road, Milton, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is a wholly owned entity of the Japanese-controlled Lion company. Operations began in 1878 and continue today. Castlemaine Perkins is the home of the XXXX beer brand.


title: Castlemaine Perkins

text: In 1877, brothers Nicholas Fitzgerald and Edward Fitzgerald partnered with a Brisbane commercial firm to buy the site of a failing distillery and establish a brewery, named for the Fitzgeralds' existing Castlemaine Brewery. They began to brew beer there in the following year and the brewery continues production to this day. The first beverage was called XXX Sparkling Ale.


title: Castlemaine Perkins

text: In 1866, Patrick Perkins started the Perkins Brewery in Toowoomba. In 1872, he later extended his operations to Brisbane with the purchase of the City Brewery in 1872.


title: Castlemaine Perkins

text: The company restricted its operations entirely to brewing by 1916. XXXX was introduced with new advertising campaign in 1924 after the brewery employed German brewer, Alhois William Leitner. The advertising included a depiction of a little man wearing a suit with a smile, a wink and a boater hat. The so-called 'Fourex Man' soon became one of the most recognised symbols in Queensland.


title: Castlemaine Perkins

text: In 1928 (long after the death of Patrick Perkins in 1901), the Perkins brewing company was bought by the Castlemaine Brewery with new company being known as Castlemaine Perkins Limited.


title: Castlemaine Perkins

text: In March 1980, Castlemaine Perkins merged with Tooheys to form Castlemaine Tooheys. Bond Corporation purchased Castlemaine Tooheys in 1985. Castlemaine Tooheys was acquired in 1992 by Lion Nathan.


title: Castlemaine Perkins

text: The large, brick brewery is located on Milton Road opposite the Milton railway station, and is a prominent landmark visible in the surrounding suburbs. In particular the XXXX red neon sign is mounted on the top of the building. The side of the building also a neon XXXX man on the side (visible on Milton Road when travelling out of the city).


title: Castlemaine Perkins

text: The brewery building, Milton Railway Station and trains feature on almost all XXXX packaging directly below the XXXX logo. Over the years bottle labels have depicted steam, diesel and electric trains. Tours of the brewery are regularly run for groups.


title: Castlemaine Perkins

text: In 2009 as part of the Q150 celebrations, the XXXX Brewery was announced as one of the Q150 Icons of Queensland for its role as a "structure and engineering feat".


title: Castlemaine Perkins

text: Castlemaine Perkins was inducted into the Queensland Business Leaders Hall of Fame in 2009, for its significant contribution to economic development in Queensland.


title: Castlemaine Perkins

text: Castlemaine's signature beer, "XXXX Bitter" (despite its name a lager), was introduced in 1924. The XXXX had been used for a sparkling ale since 1878.


title: 1939 Nazi rally at Madison Square Garden

text: On February 20, 1939, a Nazi rally took place at Madison Square Garden, organized by the German American Bund. More than 20,000 people attended, and Fritz Julius Kuhn was a featured speaker. The Bund billed the event, which took place two days before George Washington's Birthday, as a pro-"Americanism" rally; the stage at the event featured a huge Washington portrait with swastikas on each side.


text: The German American Bund was a pro-Hitler organization in the United States before World War II. The group promoted Nazi propaganda in the United States, combining Nazi imagery with American patriotic imagery.


text: The largely decentralized Bund was active in a number of regions, but attracted support only from a minority of German Americans. The Bund was the most influential of a number of pro-Nazi German groups in the United States in the 1930s; others included the Teutonia Society and Friends of New Germany (also known as the Hitler Club). Alongside allied groups, such as the Christian Front, these organizations were virulently antisemitic.


text: The pro-Nazi organizations in the U.S. were actively countered by anti-Nazi organizations led by American Jews and others who opposed Hitlerism and supported a boycott of German goods. The Joint Boycott Committee held a rally at Madison Square Garden in 1937.


text: Mayor LaGuardia realized the dangers posed by this rally and dispatched the highest number of police to a single event in the city's history. 1,700 uniformed police officers patrolled outside the venue as well as 600 undercover detectives and non-uniformed officers scattered throughout the hall, and even 35 firefighters, armed with a heavy-duty fire hose in preparation of a riot. Bomb squads also combed the arena in response to a threat received a week earlier, boasting of a series of time activated devices to explode during the event. New York was ready for the influx of Nazi rally attendees and was prepared to protect their guaranteed rights at all costs. Chief Inspector Louis F. Costuma illustrated this commitment to safety, telling the press, "We had enough police here to stop a revolution" in an interview in preparation for the rally.


text: While Madison Square Garden had prepared itself for the German Bund, many around New York City considered the Nazi sect less welcome in their city. About 100,000 anti-Nazi protesters gathered around the arena in protest of the Bund, carrying signs stating "Smash Anti-Semitism" and "Drive the Nazis Out of New York". A total of three attempts were made to break the arm-linking lines of police, the first of these, a group of World War One Veterans, wrapped in Stars and Stripes, were held off by police on mounted horseback, the next, a "burly man carrying an American flag" and finally, a Trotskyist group known as the Socialist Workers Party, who like those before, had their efforts halted by police. Chief Inspector Costuma's Police force acting security was exposed to an odd form of protest as well, characterized by the New York Times as:


text: At eight p.m., a loudspeaker in a second-floor window of a rooming house at Forty-ninth Street and Eight Avenue began blaring a denunciation of Nazis and urging "Be American, Stay at home". The voice came from a record timed to start playing automatically.


text: Full of dramatics, the night's main act saw Joseph Goldstien, a former New York magistrate, exit a taxi cab in front of the rally holding a summons for the arrest of Fritz Julius Kuhn in relation to a criminal libel suit filed earlier. Goldstien, like all other opposing efforts to gain admittance to the Garden, was stopped by police, this time by Inspector Costuma himself, denying the former magistrate entry based on the failure to present a ticket. Outside Madison Square Garden, thirteen people were arrested during protests of the rally.


text: The rally took place at a time when the German American Bund's membership was dropping; Kuhn hoped that a provocative high-profile event would reverse the group's declining fortunes. The pro-Nazi Bund was unpopular in New York City, and some called for the event to be banned. Mayor Fiorello La Guardia allowed the event to go forward, correctly predicting that the Bund's highly publicized spectacle would further discredit them in the public eye.


text: The event was highly choreographed in the fascist style, with uniformed Bund members carrying American and Nazi flags, the display of the Nazi salute (although this is problematic since the very similar Bellamy salute was used at that time to salute the American flag, which was marched down the aisle at this event ), and the playing of martial music and German folk songs.


text: The rally began at 8pm with a rendition of "The Star-Spangled Banner", sung by Margarete Rittershaush. Next, James Wheeler-Hill, national secretary of the Bund, opened the night with the statement that "if George Washington were alive today, he would be friends with Adolf Hitler." Calling upon his fellow Americans, Wheller-Hill challenged Bund members to restore America to the 'True Americans' while condemning President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Secretary of the Interior, Harold L. Ickes for attacking Nazi officials. Midwestern Gau leader, George Froboese was next to speak, pushing themes of 'Jewish world domination' blaming the 'oriental cunning of the Jew Karl Marx-Mordecais for the class warfare felt across the country.' West Coast leader, Hermann Schwinn chose to denounce the Jewish control of Hollywood and news industries, following a common theme of the night with a fantastically anti-semitic run-on sentence, "Everything inimical to those Nations which have freed themselves of alien domination is 'News' to be played up and twisted to fan the flames of hate in the hearts of Americans, whereas the Menace of Anti-National, God-Hating Jewish-Bolshevism, is deliberately minimized"


text: Last to speak, the Bundesfuhrer himself, Fritz Kuhn continued to push the anti-Semitic theme, going as far as to refer to President Roosevelt as 'Rosenfield' and the man to which he promised to make no anti-Semitic remarks, Fiorello "Jew Lumpen" LaGuardia himself. All came to an immediate halt as in the middle of Kuhn's final speech, a man dressed in blue broke through the lines of OD men and ran onto the stage and charged at the speaker. Quickly swarmed by the Ordnungsdienst, he was subdued in an effective routine of punches and stomps exemplifying an 'uncanny replication of Nazi thuggery' [as] a pack of uniformed men blaste[ed] away with fists and boots on a lone Jewish victim." Later identified as 26-year-old plumbing assistant Isadore Greenbaum, the lone victim was pulled away by a team of police, saving the young man from serious injury. Attempting to control the riled-up crowd, Kuhn delivered his rousing finish, advocating for an America ruled by White Gentiles, free from a Jewish Hollywood and news. "The Bund is open to you, provided you are sincere, of good character, of White Gentile Stock, and an American Citizen imbued with patriotic zeal. Therefore: Join!" As Kuhn exited the stage, 20 thousand Bund members chanted "Free America! Free America! Free America!" in the biggest Nazi rally in United States history.


text: At 11:15, members of the Bund buttoned up their overcoats, conveniently hiding their uniforms, and were escorted through police lines along Fifty-Second amid the crowds of protesters waiting outside. Ralliers were greeted with a roar of catcalls, jeers, and even a few punches, but by midnight, all was quiet, or as quiet as it could be in downtown New York.


text: Isadore Greenbaum never intended to run onto the stage. A former deck engineer and chief petty officer, Greenbaum snuck into the rally, but his anger quickly took hold of him as he listened to Kuhn speak. Speaking years later in 1989, Greenbaum characterized his actions as "I went down to the Garden without any intention of interrupting, but being that they talked so much against my religion and there was so much persecution I lost my head and I felt it was my duty to talk". When asked about the cause of his actions, Greenbaum quickly rebutted with "Gee, what would you have done if you were in my place listening to that s.o.b. hollering against the government and publicly kissing [Adolf] Hitler's behind - while thousands cheered? Well, I did it." For his actions in disturbing the biggest Nazi rally in the United States, Greenbaum was sentenced to 10 days in jail, but instead paid a $25 fine.


text: Shortly after the rally, the Bund rapidly declined. Two months after the rally, the film "Confessions of a Nazi Spy" was released by Warner Brothers, ridiculing the Nazis and their American sympathizers. The Bund also came under investigation. After its financial records were seized in a raid on the group's Yorkville, Manhattan headquarters, authorities discovered that $14,000 (about $273,000 in 2021 ) raised by the Bund in the rally was unaccounted for, having been spent by Kuhn on his mistress and various personal expenses. Kuhn was convicted of embezzlement in December 1939 and sent to Sing Sing prison. Kuhn's successor as Bund leader was Gerhard Wilhelm Kunze, a spy for German military intelligence who fled the United States in November 1941. The final Bund national leader was George Froboese, who was in charge of the organization when Germany declared war on the United States. Froboese committed suicide in 1942, after receiving a federal grand jury subpoena.


text: Actual footage of the rally was incorporated into a fictional newsreel created for the 2004 "" episode "," illustrating an alternate history in which the Nazis invaded and occupied the United States with the help of aliens from the future.


text: A very similar rally is depicted in the 2020 HBO miniseries "The Plot Against America," based on the Philip Roth novel of the same name.


title: Claude of France (1547–1575)

text: Claude of France (12 November 1547 – 21 February 1575) was a French princess as the second daughter of King Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici, and Duchess of Lorraine by marriage to Charles III, Duke of Lorraine.


title: Claude of France (1547–1575)

text: Claude was born in Fontainebleau, but as she was believed to have been conceived at Chateau d'Anet, she was nicknamed as 'Mademoiselle d'Anet' at court, a nickname that displeased her mother.


title: Claude of France (1547–1575)

text: Claude was raised alongside her sister Elisabeth, and her future sister-in-law, Mary, Queen of Scots. The royal children were raised under the supervision of the governor and governess of the royal children, Jean d'Humières and his wife Françoise d'Humières, under the orders of Diane de Poitiers.


title: Claude of France (1547–1575)

text: Claude was victim of the unhealthy traits that Catherine appeared to pass on to all her children with the exception of Marguerite, and suffered from a hunchback and a club foot, and during her childhood she was frequently vulnerable to various child diseases.


title: Claude of France (1547–1575)

text: On 19 January 1559, at the age of 11, she married Charles III, Duke of Lorraine in the cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris. The marriage was arranged as a symbolic union of peace between France and Lorraine, after Charles III had spent his childhood as a hostage at the French royal court, and completed after the Treaty of Chateau-Cambresis. Claude departed to Lorraine with her spouse in late 1559, shortly before the departure of her sister Elisabeth to Spain and her aunt Marguerite to Savoy.


title: Claude of France (1547–1575)

text: The relationship between Claude and Charles III was described as a happy one. Claude was a favorite of her mother, who occasionally visited her in Lorraine, visits described as rare occasions of private family gatherings in the life of Catherine de' Medici, who enjoyed to see her grandchildren by Claude and also liked her son-in-law Charles very much. Catherine de' Medici was, for example, present in Bar-le-Duc for the baptism of Claude's firstborn son Henry.


title: Claude of France (1547–1575)

text: Claude attended the wedding between Henry of Navarre and her sister Margaret of Valois in Paris in August 1572. On her way there, she had been ill and cared for by her mother in Chalons, which was the reason why Catherine de' Medici had been absent from the royal court during the border attack of Jean de Genlis near the Spanish Netherlands in July, which was used by Admiral Coligny to attempt to convince Charles IX to declare war on Spain.


title: Claude of France (1547–1575)

text: On the evening of the Massacre, Claude was evidently informed that a massacre was to take place against the groom of her sister and his followers, and Margaret of Valois described how Claude had tears in her eyes and tried to stop her from leaving their mother's chamber, when Margaret was about to retire to the chamber of her spouse. Claude took Margaret's arm and begged her not to leave: she was contradicted by their mother, who warned Claude not to tell Margaret anything. Claude told their mother that it was not right to send Margaret to be "sacrificed", as she would risk becoming a target, but Catherine de' Medici replied to Claude that Margaret would be safe if God wished it, that it would arouse suspicion if she did not go, and then told Margaret to leave, upon which Claude cried. After the massacre started, one of the courtiers of Navarre, de Leran, broke into the bedchamber of Margaret and begged her to save him from the captain of the Guards, M. de Nancay, who gave her the man's life, and then escorted her to the chamber of Claude, where she was given refuge during the massacre.


title: Claude of France (1547–1575)

text: During the last of her frequent visits to the French court, her brother the king gave her the gift of "the ransoms of Guyenne, which came from the confiscations that took place there", and in turn gave one of the ransoms to Jeanne de Dampierre when asked.


title: Claude of France (1547–1575)

text: Claude died in childbirth in 1575 at the age of 27. Brantôme wrote that she "died in child-bed, through the appetite of an old midwife of Paris, a drunkard, in whom she had more faith than in any other."


title: Jan Bednarek

text: Jan Kacper Bednarek (born 12 April 1996) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for club Aston Villa, on loan from Southampton, and the Poland national team.


title: Jan Bednarek

text: In 2013, Bednarek made his Ekstraklasa debut, at the age of 17 years old, for Lech Poznań against Piast Gliwice, in an eventual 2–0 win for the home side. The Polish under-21 international became an integral member of the squad, featuring 31 times and scoring once as Poznań narrowly missed out on the Polish Cup to Arka Gdynia 2–1 after extra time.


title: Jan Bednarek

text: He was loaned to Górnik Łęczna for the 2015–16 season, where he managed a total of 17 league appearances before returning to his parent club.


title: Jan Bednarek

text: On 1 July 2017, Bednarek joined Southampton on a five-year deal, for a reported fee of £5 million. On 23 August 2017, Bednarek made his debut for Southampton against Wolves in the EFL Cup which ended in a 2–0 defeat. Bednarek did not feature again until 8 January 2018 in a FA Cup match against Fulham which ended in a 1–0 victory before being substituted for Maya Yoshida in the second half. Bednarek played out of position at right-back during the game, but was able to help keep a clean sheet.


title: Jan Bednarek

text: Virgil Van Dijk left in January, and Mauricio Pellegrino was replaced by Mark Hughes who switched to a back three in April. He made his Premier League debut on 14 April 2018 against Chelsea, and scored Southampton’s second goal in a 3–2 defeat. Bednarek ended the season with five league appearances and eight in all competitions.


title: Jan Bednarek

text: On 28 August 2018, Bednarek made his first appearance of the season in the EFL Cup against Brighton which ended in a 1–0 victory. On 22 September 2018, Bednarek made his first Premier League appearance of the season against Liverpool which ended in a 3–0 defeat after replacing Oriol Romeu in the second half. On 3 December 2018, Mark Hughes was sacked by Southampton. Under Hughes, Bednarek only made two league appearances so far that season. The arrival of Ralph Hasenhüttl saw a change in fortune for Bednarek, who ended the season with 25 league appearances.


title: Jan Bednarek

text: On 10 August 2019, Bednarek made his first appearance of the season in the league in a 3–0 defeat against Burnley. On 25 October 2019, Bednarek featured in Southampton’s 0–9 defeat to Leicester. On 28 January 2020, Bednarek scored his first and only goal of the season in a 3–2 defeat to Wolves. Following Southampton’s 1–0 defeat against Newcastle on 7 March 2020, English football was suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: Jan Bednarek

text: Southampton and Bednarek would not play again until 19 June 2020 against Norwich which ended in a 3–0 victory. Bednarek ended the season with 39 appearances in all competitions.


title: Jan Bednarek

text: On 12 September 2020, Bednarek made his first appearance of the season in the league in a 1–0 defeat to Crystal Palace. On 6 November 2020, Bednarek featured in Southampton’s 2–0 win over Newcastle which saw "‘the Saints’" go top of the English top flight for the first time since 1988. His only goal of the season came during a 3–2 defeat to Manchester United on 29 November 2020. On 3 December 2020, Bednarek signed a new four-and-a-half year contract.


title: Jan Bednarek

text: On 2 February 2021, Bednarek scored an own goal, conceded a penalty and was given a red card after a foul on Anthony Martial in his team's record-equalling 9–0 defeat to Manchester United after Mike Dean checked the pitchside monitor. Despite this, the red card was controversial and Manchester United manager Ole Gunnar Solskjær believed that Bednarek should not have been sent off. The red card issued was subsequently rescinded following an appeal by the club.


title: Jan Bednarek

text: On 22 August 2021, Bednarek made his first appearance of the season in a 1–1 draw against Manchester United after replacing Theo Walcott at half time. Three days later, Bednarek made his first start of the season in a narrow 0–8 victory in the EFL Cup against Newport City, which is Southampton’s biggest away win in their history. On 18 September 2021, after not starting the opening four games, Bednarek made his first league start of the season in a 0–0 draw with Manchester City. In that game, Southampton defender Jack Stephens had played every minute in all competitions up until he suffered a knee injury. Following the injury to Stephens, Bednarek returned to being a regular starter.


title: Jan Bednarek

text: On 1 December 2021, Bednarek scored his first league goal of the season in a 2–2 draw against Leicester City. On 26 December 2021, Bednarek scored his second goal in three games after he netted the winner in Southampton’s 2–3 victory against West Ham. On 11 January 2022, Bednarek scored again in Southampton’s 4–1 victory against Brentford. On 16 April 2022, Bednarek’s final goal of the season came in a 1–0 victory against Arsenal, which took his total goals for the season to four and he ended the season with 34 appearances in all competitions.


title: Jan Bednarek

text: On 4 September 2017, Bednarek made his international debut for Poland in a 3–0 victory over Kazakhstan.


title: Jan Bednarek

text: On 28 June 2018, he scored his first goal for Poland, the only goal in a 1–0 victory over Japan at the World Cup.


title: Jan Bednarek

text: His brother Filip is also a footballer, who currently plays as a goalkeeper for the Polish club Lech Poznań.


title: Air Canada Rouge

text: Air Canada Rouge, "Rouge" meaning "red" in French, is a subsidiary of Air Canada. It is fully integrated into the Air Canada mainline and Air Canada Express networks; flights are sold with AC flight numbers but are listed as "operated by Air Canada Rouge" (similar to regional flights operated under the Air Canada Express banner).


title: Air Canada Rouge

text: The airline was launched in December 2012 and began services on July 1, 2013. The first destination was Athens, Greece, from Toronto and Montreal, as part of the Air Canada Leisure Group to compete more efficiently with Air Transat, Sunwing, and WestJet in the leisure and vacation travel market, largely operating routes to Europe, the Caribbean, and the United States.


title: Air Canada Rouge

text: At the time of the launch, it had a fleet of four aircraft, two Airbus A319s and two Boeing 767s, transferred from the parent company. Its fleet expanded to 28 aircraft within 18 months and was expected to reach 16 Boeing 767s, 20 Airbus A319s and five Airbus A321s by mid-2016. By early September 2016, the airline had expanded its Boeing 767 fleet to 19 aircraft.


title: Air Canada Rouge

text: On March 24, 2014, Air Canada announced plans for Air Canada Rouge to expand into Western Canada beginning in Spring 2014, to serve predominantly leisure markets from Vancouver and Calgary to Los Angeles, San Francisco, Las Vegas, Phoenix, Palm Springs, Honolulu, Maui and Anchorage. A seasonal service from Vancouver to Osaka/Kansai started in May 2015. In December 2015 new routes were announced including Toronto to Miami, Fort Myers, Charlottetown, and Deer Lake. Year-round routes include Toronto and Montreal to Fort Lauderdale; Montreal to Miami; Vancouver to San Diego and Mexico City; and Calgary to Phoenix.


title: Air Canada Rouge

text: In May 2020, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, Air Canada announced the retirements of 79 aircraft among its mainline and Rouge fleets. This included Boeing 767, Embraer 190, and Airbus A319 aircraft. Air Canada Rouge was significantly affected, as the airline lost all 25 767s, and 2 A319s, leaving it with only 18 A320/A321, and 20 Airbus A319 as their fleet. This means the airline will no longer be able to reach some of its destinations in Europe, such as Budapest or Zagreb. Plans are in the works to continue to fly to some European destinations that are in range of these narrowbody aircraft. As of February 2021, the airline removed most of its Central and Eastern European destinations from their schedule, e.g. Warsaw and Bucharest due to a lack of suitable aircraft.


title: Air Canada Rouge

text: Air Canada Rouge service was suspended from 9 February 2021 to 7 September 2021 to adhere to new travel rules by the government aimed at reducing non-essential travel.


title: Air Canada Rouge

text: Air Canada Rouge serves leisure destinations in the Caribbean, Central America, Mexico predominantly, and the United States with all former routes to Europe and South America being cancelled after the retirement of the Boeing 767-300ERs.


title: Air Canada Rouge

text: The Air Canada Rouge Airbus A319 has 16 more seats than a regular Air Canada Airbus A319 with 136 seats, the first four rows being for Rouge Plus and Premium Rouge passengers. The former Air Canada Rouge Boeing 767-300ER carried 71 more passengers than most regular Air Canada Boeing 767-300ER aircraft, with 282 seats. Of these 223 were economy, 35 Rouge Plus and 24 Premium Rouge. The 29-inch seat pitch on their A320 series aircraft is one of the smallest in North America, resulting in less leg room than on most other comparable aircraft.


title: Air Canada Rouge

text: Air Canada Rouge is equipped with a wireless streaming entertainment system, called Player, that passengers can use directly on their personal devices, such as Apple iOS and Android devices, as well as laptops.


title: Air Canada Rouge

text: All Air Canada Rouge aircraft are equipped with Wi-Fi provided by Intelsat (formerly Gogo Wi-Fi). In November 2022, Air Canada announced that Wi-Fi would be offered complimentary to customers flying in the Premium Rouge cabin.


title: Air Canada Rouge

text: The baggage policy is the same as Air Canada's. Flights to and from Europe have complimentary food and drink service with for-purchase alcoholic drinks. A buy-on-board food offering in line with the mainline service exists for all other flights.


title: Brunswick Corporation

text: Brunswick Corporation, formerly known as the Brunswick-Balke-Collender Company, is an American corporation that has been developing, manufacturing and marketing a wide variety of products since 1845. Today, Brunswick has more than 13,000 employees operating in 24 countries. Brunswick owns major boating brands, including Sea Ray, Boston Whaler, Bayliner, Mercury Marine, Attwood, Lund, Crestliner, Mastervolt, MotorGuide, Harris Pontoons, Freedom Boat Club, Princecraft, Heyday, Lowe, Uttern, Quicksilver and CZone, among many others. In 2021, Brunswick reported sales of US$5.8 billion. Brunswick's global headquarters is in the northern Chicago suburb of Mettawa, Illinois. On October 4, 2021, Brunswick Corporation announced that it has completed its acquisition of Navico, a global leader in marine electronics and sensors for $1.05 billion, adding to Brunswick the industry leading Navico brands of Lowrance, Simrad, B&G, and C-MAP.


title: Brunswick Corporation

text: Brunswick was founded by John Moses Brunswick who came to the United States from Switzerland at the age of 15. The J. M. Brunswick Manufacturing Company opened for business on September 15, 1845, in Cincinnati, Ohio. Originally J. M. Brunswick intended his company to be mainly in the business of making carriages, but soon after opening his machine shop, he became fascinated with billiards and decided that making billiard tables would be more lucrative, as the better tables then in use in the United States were imported from England. Brunswick billiard tables were a commercial success, and the business expanded and opened the first of what would become many branch offices in Chicago, Illinois, in 1848. It was later renamed J. M. Brunswick & Brother by 1860, after a family member came on board, and the company's slogan at this time was: "The oldest and most extensive billiard table manufacturers in the United States".


title: Brunswick Corporation

text: In 1874, the Brunswick company merged with competitor Great Western Billiard Manufactory owned by Julius Balke to become the J. M. Brunswick & Balke Company. It was incorporated in 1879 with a capital stock of $275,000, the same year it merged with another competitor, H. W. Collender Company of New York City (founded by Hugh W. Collender), to acquire Collender's patented billiard cushions. In 1884, the partners formed the Brunswick-Balke-Collender Company (or Company for short) with capital of $1.5 million.


title: Brunswick Corporation

text: The company expanded into making a number of other products. Large ornate neo-classical style bars for saloons were a popular product. Bowling balls, pins, and equipment led a growing line of sporting equipment. It popularized bowling balls of manufactured materials, vulcanized rubber at first; earlier bowling balls had been solid wood.


title: Brunswick Corporation

text: In the early 20th century, Brunswick expanded the product line to include such diverse products as toilet seats, automobile tires, and phonographs. In the late 1910s, they introduced a quickly popular line of disc phonograph records, under the name Brunswick Records. In 1930, Brunswick sold the control of the record company to Warner Brothers and came out with a line of refrigerators.


title: Brunswick Corporation

text: During World War II, Brunswick-Balke-Collender made small target-drone aircraft for the U.S. military.


title: Brunswick Corporation

text: After the war, Brunswick introduced a line of school furniture. In 1949, the Brunswick "Model A" Mechanical Pinsetter fully automated unit premiered, for the purpose of handling bowling pins for the sport of tenpins, in competition with American Machine and Foundry (AMF). Previously, Brunswick had made two models of semi-automated, manually operated "spotting tables" for the tenpin sport, that the "Model A" unit replaced. The 1950s also saw the introduction of a line of golfing equipment to compete with AMF in the leisure-products and sporting-goods markets.


title: Brunswick Corporation

text: The Brunswick-Balke-Collender Company officially changed its name to the Brunswick Corporation on April 10, 1960. The following year the company reported sales of $422 million. Brunswick acquired Mercury Marine in 1961. In the 1970s, Brunswick introduced the automatic scorer, which electronically tallied the score instead of the bowler doing it by hand.


title: Brunswick Corporation

text: The Brunswick Corporation patented a machine gun using a delayed blowback operation via a fluted chamber as part of the weapon's operation. Another platform was the Rifleman's Assault Weapon, an unusual grenade launcher that used a spherical rocket propelled grenade.


title: Brunswick Corporation

text: In the 1980s, Brunswick became a major maker of yachts and pleasure boats, under brands including Bayliner, Boston Whaler, Maxum, Sea Ray, and Trophy.


title: Brunswick Corporation

text: During the Gulf War, Brunswick supplied the military with camouflage nets. They also made radomes for the Patriot missile.


title: Brunswick Corporation

text: In 1997, Brunswick purchased the Roadmaster bicycle division, one of the last U.S. manufacturers of low-cost, mass-market bicycles. However, it became apparent that continued U.S. manufacture of such products was not viable in the presence of surging low-priced imports from overseas producers, primarily China. In 1999, Brunswick sold its Roadmaster bicycle division and brand to Pacific Cycle.


title: Brunswick Corporation

text: In 2001, Brunswick acquired Hatteras Yachts from Genmar Industries for approximately $80 million in cash. Brunswick sold its Hatteras/Cabo brand in 2013 to Versa Capital Management.


title: Brunswick Corporation

text: As of the early 21st century, the Brunswick Corporation still manufactured sporting and fitness equipment (Life Fitness, Hammer Strength, Parabody) in addition to boats (Sea Ray, Bayliner, Maxum, etc.) and marine engines under the Mercury Marine brand name.


title: Brunswick Corporation

text: In 2004, Brunswick acquired Lowe Boats. The same year, the company also purchased Northstar Technologies, a leading marine electronics provider based in Acton, Massachusetts, from Canadian Marconi Corporation (now CMC Electronics, a wholly owned subsidiary of Esterline Technologies Corporation). Brunswick then merged Navman, based in Auckland, New Zealand, with Northstar to make Northstar/Navman a supplier to the Brunswick Boat Groups. Brunswick also acquired Mx-Marine. When George Buckley, CEO at the time, left to join 3M in 2006, new leadership decided to sell Northstar, Navman and Mx-Marine. Navico now owns those three brands in addition to the Eagle, Lowrance, B&G, and Simrad lines.


title: Brunswick Corporation

text: Brunswick has established regional headquarters in Verviers, Belgium; Monterrey, Mexico; Dandenong, Australia; and Dubai, UAE, to better serve its customers by designing, engineering, manufacturing and distributing products based on local needs, using local talent.


title: Brunswick Corporation

text: On July 17, 2014, Brunswick announced plans to leave the bowling business by the end of 2014. The company disclosed that it had agreed to sell its bowling center business, which brought in $187 million in revenue in the prior year, to competitor Bowlmor AMF (now known as Bowlero Corporation) for $270 million. It also disclosed that it had retained Lazard to find a buyer for its bowling equipment and products business. The company said it was making these changes to focus on its “core” Marine and Fitness businesses, which provided 92% of company net revenues in 2013. It would retain its heritage billiards business and report billiards financial results as part of the Fitness segment. The sale of the bowling center business to Bowlmor AMF (Bowlero) was completed in September 2014.


title: Brunswick Corporation

text: Brunswick completed its exit from the bowling business in May 2015 with the sale of its bowling equipment and products division to BlueArc Capital Management, a private investment firm. BlueArc completed the acquisition with investments from Gladstone Investment Corporation, and Capitala Finance Corp. BlueArc continues to produce bowling balls under the Brunswick and DV8 brand names, and on November 15, 2019, it acquired Ebonite International and all of its bowling product brands.


title: Brunswick Corporation

text: In August 2018, Brunswick Corporation acquired Power Products - Global Marine & Mobile business, which includes the global marine, specialty vehicle, mobile, industrial power, and transportation aftermarket products businesses of Power Products, for $910 million in cash from San Francisco-based private equity firm Genstar Capital.


title: Brunswick Corporation

text: Also in 2018, the company announced it would be separating the fitness business as Life Fitness Holdings in 2019. In May 2019, Brunswick announced the sale of Brunswick Billiards, Life Fitness, Cybex, Hammer Strength, Indoor Cycling Group, and SCIFIT for $490 million to KPS Capital Partners. The sale was completed in June 2019.


title: Brunswick Corporation

text: In May 2019, Brunswick announced it would be purchasing the largest marine franchisor in the United States, Freedom Boat Club.


title: Brunswick Corporation

text: Also in 2019, Brunswick announced a new business structure, Advanced Systems Group (ASG) and named Brett Dibkey as President. ASG is composed of 11 Power Products brands combined with the Attwood Group of businesses including Attwood, Garelick, MotorGuide, and Whale - as well as NAUTIC-ON.


title: Mazda F engine

text: The F engine family from Mazda is a mid-sized inline-four piston engine with iron block, alloy head and belt-driven SOHC and DOHC configurations. Introduced in 1983 as the 1.6-litre F6, this engine was found in the Mazda B-Series truck and Mazda G platform models such as Mazda 626/Capella as well as many other models internationally including Mazda Bongo and Ford Freda clone, Mazda B-series based Ford Courier, Mazda 929 HC and the GD platform-based Ford Probe


title: Mazda F engine

text: There were four basic head types within the F range, the diesel SOHC 8-valve (R-series), the petrol SOHC 8-valve, petrol SOHC 12-valve, and the petrol DOHC 16-valve. These heads came attached to multiple variations of the different blocks and strokes. Only the petrol 8-valve and 12-valve shared the same gasket pattern. It was built at the Miyoshi Plant in Miyoshi, Hiroshima, Japan.


title: Mazda F engine

text: These engines are only the predecessors to the F-series engines, in no other way related. They were fitted to rear-wheel drive models in a longitudinal arrangement. This is in contrast to the successor engines that were designed for transverse front-wheel drive applications as had become the trend in the late-1970s and early-1980s.


title: Mazda F engine

text: A stroked to 94 mm (3.70 in) 1.8 L (1,796 cc) version of the UB/NA, retaining the same 78 mm (3.07 in) bore, was used in the 1968-1972 Luce 1800 and the 1975-1979 Mazda B1800s for the US market. In Canadian market B-series trucks, it was installed as early as 1970. Output for the 1972 Luce was 100 PS (74 kW; 99 hp) JIS at 5500 rpm and 15.5 kg⋅m (152 N⋅m; 112 lbf⋅ft) at 3000 rpm. Export model outputs varied, with European market models claiming 104 hp (78 kW; 105 PS) DIN (all other figures remaining the same).[5]


title: Mazda F engine

text: The VC is a overhead camshaft inline-four, with a bore and a stroke of . It was all new in 1975 (pre-1975 1.8 Couriers got the earlier, long-stroke VB engine) and has an alloy eight-valve head on an iron block. Output varied considerably depending on market and installation, in a 1981 UK-market B1800 it is DIN at 5000 rpm and at 2500 rpm.


title: Mazda F engine

text: The was designated MA. Bore was as for the VC, , but stroke was increased to . This SOHC engine with a 2–barrel carburettor produced and . A more fuel-efficient 1–barrel version produced . Later on, this engine was designated the F.


title: Mazda F engine

text: The smallest of the F-family engines is the F6 8-valve SOHC engine. Essentially a de-bored and de-stroked version of the base FE 2.0 with a bore and stroke of . At a compression ratio of 8.6:1, output is at 5500 rpm and at 3500 rpm. It replaced the F/NA 1.6 from the previous generation.


title: Mazda F engine

text: A destroked FE at , the F8 comes in several configurations including a 12-valve head and fuel injection later in its life. It has a very high rod/stroke ratio of 2:1, bore and a stroke of . With a compression ratio of 8.6:1, power output is at 5500 rpm and at 2500 for the 8-valve SOHC carburetted versions.


title: Mazda F engine

text: The F8-DOHC is a DOHC F8 and basically a de-stroked version of the FE-DOHC displacing . It uses the same exhaust cam, but a different intake cam with less lift and a long, single-runner intake manifold. The F8 is usually identified by its unpainted cam cover. Output was at 6000 rpm and at 5000 rpm. It is usually found in wagon variants.


title: Mazda F engine

text: The FE has a square bore and stroke. It was available as an 8-valve SOHC and 12-valve SOHC. Outputs are at 5000 rpm and at 2500 rpm for the 8-valve carburetor version, or at 5300 rpm and at 3700 rpm with fuel injection, 12-valve SOHC and a higher compression ratio (10.0:1 vs 8.6:1).


title: Mazda F engine

text: The fuel-injected, turbocharged FET version of the FE produced at 5250 rpm and at 2800 rpm. It was a variant of the 8-valve SOHC FE Featuring a small turbocharger and no intercooler producing of boost. As such it features the same bore and stroke of the FE. The Japanese variant of this engine was dubbed the "Magnum Turbo" and produces . Given that the peak power for the naturally aspirated, fuel-injected FE is , the rated power for the FET is said to be conservative.


title: Mazda F engine

text: The FE-DOHC is the 16 valve DOHC variant of the FE. Commonly called the FE3 because of its head castings, it was used in some 626s from Europe, New Zealand and Japan; but not the U.S. or Australia. After the GD platform stopped production in 1992, FE-DOHCs continued production until the end of the GV wagon in 1997. The FE-DOHC was also produced under license by Kia for the 1995+ Kia Sportage.


title: Mazda F engine

text: The FE-DOHC shares the same dimensions as the original FE-SOHC, including the square bore x stroke and it has a 1.74 rod/stroke ratio . The FE-DOHC is usually identified by a gold coloured cam cover, however not always. There were at least five different FE-DOHC engines available with various compression ratio, camshaft and ECU tuning combinations however none were fitted with a turbocharger from the factory. Unlike many DOHC engines, this engine has a non-interference valvetrain design, making periodic timing belt changes important but not vital to the engine's life. Should the timing belt break the engine shouldn't need to be replaced as piston and valvetrain damage is unlikely.


title: Mazda F engine

text: The F2 is a stroked version of the FE with a bore and stroke of , for a displacement of . Introduced for the 1988–1992 GD platform cars, it can also be found in the B2200 pickup and Ford Probe. A high-output variant of the F2 coded F2H2 was used in RWD configuration in the Mazda 929 HC. The compression ratio was raised to 9.2:1 and produced /. Although available as an 8-valve SOHC in the B2200, this engine is most commonly a 12-valve SOHC. With an 8.6:1 compression ratio, it generates at 4700 rpm and .


title: Mazda F engine

text: The F2T is a turbocharged version of the F2 equipped with an IHI-supplied RHB5 VJ11 turbocharger and an air-to-air intercooler. Internally the engine retains its bore and stroke of , but has a lower compression ratio of 7.8:1. It produces at 4300 rpm and . It is rumored that this figure was produced at the drive wheels, as this engine was suspected to be under-rated. However Mazda had only ever quoted these figures as SAE Net and DIN which are crankshaft rating standards, as required by law in the countries where the cars were sold. Due to the increased torque output, Mazda was forced to increase the strength of the transmission for the F2T, producing the H-type, the strongest FWD gearbox Mazda produced at the time.


title: Mazda F engine

text: The R-series engines are diesel variants that are very closely related to the F-series, sharing essentially the same engine block.


title: Mazda F engine

text: The FS and FP are structurally different from the original F-blocks with much smaller bore spacing, much shorter deck height and smaller head and journal dimensions. The FS and FP are more closely related to the Mazda BP engine than they are with the original F-engine.


title: Mazda F engine

text: The FS has a bore and stroke of and produces and in its most common variant up to in the Japanese domestic market. In 1998 the engine evolved into the FS-DE by undergoing several changes, most notably a distributorless ignition as well as the move from hydraulic lifters to solid shim-on-bucket lifters. Japan received a couple of variations of the FS motor, all with increased power outputs. The highest being the Mazdaspeed Familia version of the FS-ZE which produced . Mazdaspeed US decided to turbocharge the US FS-DE, known as the FS-DET in 2003 for the Mazdaspeed Protegé and it generated and , the same hp rating as the naturally aspirated Mazdaspeed Familia edition FS-ZE but with a sharper torque curve. This means that the Mazdaspeed Protegé's engine is internally identical to the regular FS-DE, except with a turbocharger installed.


title: Mazda F engine

text: The FP is a destroked version of the FS, with a bore and stroke of . It produces and . This engine is often incorrectly called the F8, which is the earlier destroked engine based on the FE. The FP enjoys a much better power band vs the FS due to slightly different camshafts and a better rod ratio over the regular FS-DE.


title: Mazda F engine

text: The FP is very close to the FS in many ways and shares a large percentage of parts but has its own FP specific block, crank, rods, pistons and timing belt. The pistons for the FS produce a compression ratio of 9.1:1 (USDM) but when FP pistons are used in the FS they yield 9.7:1 compression ratio. The biggest performance difference is that the European 1.8L FP & 2.0L FS both have maximum compression of vs the North American 2.0L FS which has a maximum compression of . The KL & FS ATX engines both require 10° BTDC ignition timing while the FS MTX & FP require 12° BTDC. The FP does not share the same G25M-R transmission as the FS. In the Protegé it uses a F25M-R instead.


title: Jackie Tohn

text: Jaclyn Tohn is an American actress and musician. She is best known for playing Melanie "MelRose" Rosen on the Netflix series "GLOW", and for taking part in "American Idol" season 8, making it to Top 36 (the Semi-finals). She also took part in the 2011 songwriting competition series "Platinum Hit" on the Bravo network.


title: Jackie Tohn

text: Tohn was born and raised in a Jewish family in Oceanside, Long Island, New York, to physical education teachers Alan and Bella Tohn. She has two older brothers.


title: Jackie Tohn

text: Tohn began acting professionally while still a grade school student. She was a student at Boardman Middle School. After high school, she attended the University of Delaware and majored in elementary education, and in the fall of 1998 was in the a cappella group the Deltones.


title: Jackie Tohn

text: Tohn's onscreen debut was made at age 10, with an extra role on the PBS children's series "Ghostwriter". Her first credited role was on the CBS sitcom "The Nanny".


title: Jackie Tohn

text: In November 1999, she starred in the one-act play "This Property is Condemned" by Tennessee Williams at the Chapel Street Theatre. She moved to Los Angeles with her mother and agent at the time. She played Tina in "Tony-n-Tina's Wedding" at the Henry Fonda Theatre in Los Angeles. She also originated the role of Joanie in "Body Snatchers: The Musical" at the Odyssey Theatre in Los Angeles.


title: Jackie Tohn

text: In March 2004, she starred in the play "Jewtopia" at the Coast Playhouse in West Hollywood in Los Angeles. The producers then decided to move the play to the Westside Arts Theater in New York and she relocated.


title: Jackie Tohn

text: She began performing solo acoustic guitar shows in April 2004. In November 2005, she released an EP, "The Golden Girl", recorded at a studio in Tarrytown, New York. She has played at Pianos, The Living Room, CBGB, The Cutting Room, and The Rothko in New York and at Highland Grounds, The Mint, and Wizard Finger in Los Angeles.


title: Jackie Tohn

text: She has appeared in the films "Dawg" in 2002 (also known as "Bad Boy") alongside Denis Leary, "Deuces Wild" as Mary Ann, and "Return to Sleepaway Camp" as Linda. She appeared as Faith in the film "Postal" and appeared in the 2008 television film "Giants of Radio".


title: Jackie Tohn

text: Tohn performed in a pilot for MTV called "Show Me The Movie" and a pilot for Fox called "Prudy and Judy", starring alongside Laura Bell Bundy. She has appeared in the television series "The Sopranos", "Strangers with Candy", "Angel", "Rules of Engagement", "Veronica Mars" and "It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia".


title: Jackie Tohn

text: In 2007, she appeared in the short films "Smile", "Discovering The Wheels", "The Malibu Myth", "The Legend of Donkey-Tail Willie" and "Catch" (where she was shown playing the guitar) which were made during the reality show "On the Lot".


title: Jackie Tohn

text: Tohn was a contestant on season eight of American Idol and made it to the top-34. Tohn was also featured on hip-hop artist Gotham Green's single "Been Doin' It".


title: Jackie Tohn

text: In 2009, Tohn appeared on the eighth season of "American Idol" and made it through to the Hollywood rounds. She advanced through the Hollywood rounds, making the Top 36 for season 8 and was in the first group of 12 to perform. She performed "A Little Less Conversation" from Elvis Presley during Top 36 (Group 1) under the theme "Billboard" Hot 100 Hits to Date and was eliminated without advancing to the finals.


title: Jackie Tohn

text: In 2011, she appeared on the songwriting-competition reality show "Platinum Hit" on the American cable network Bravo as one of 12 aspiring songwriters. She reached 7th place. In 2013, Tohn appeared on House of Lies.


title: Jackie Tohn

text: In 2019, Tohn appeared in "Epic Rap Battles of History" portraying Joan Rivers in the episode "George Carlin vs Richard Pryor". In 2019, Tohn was the host of "The Howard Stern Show" Sternthology's week-long show of "[Wack History Month]".


title: Jackie Tohn

text: Tohn is a judge on the 2020 Netflix cooking competition show "Best Leftovers Ever!" alongside Rosemary Shrager and David So.


title: Jackie Tohn

text: In 2021, Tohn co-created and starred in "Do, Re & Mi", an animated series produced by Gaumont for Amazon Prime Video.


title: Le Méridien

text: Le Méridien is an upscale, design-focused international hotel brand with a European perspective. It was originally founded by Air France in 1972 and was later based in the United Kingdom. Marriott International now owns the chain. As of June 2021, it had a portfolio of 109 open hotels with 29,439 rooms and a pipeline of 37 hotels with 9,585 upcoming rooms.


title: Le Méridien

text: Air France established Meridien Hotels in 1972. The chain's hotels offered accommodation for Air France flight crews in major hub cities, and the airline promoted the chain and handled reservations for it. The first Meridien Hotels property was a 1,000-room hotel in the heart of Paris, the Hotel Meridien Paris, today known as Le Méridien Etoile. The chain grew to 10 hotels in Europe and Africa within two years and had 21 hotels spanning the globe within six years.


title: Le Méridien

text: In 1994, as part of a cost-cutting measure, Air France sold its controlling interest in Meridien Hotels Inc., a 57.3% stake, to the UK-based Forte Group for $207 million. Meridien Hotels numbered 58 properties at the time. The sale followed an 18-month battle for control of the company between Forte, German-based Kempinski and French hospitality company Accor. The French government was reported to have favored Accor's bid, wishing to keep the company French-owned, while the European Commission was reported to have favored Forte over Accor and to have pressured Air France to sell to Forte, in exchange for a vital 20 billion Franc bailout for the airline. Forte simultaneously announced their intention to buy the remaining minority stakes in the hotel chain from Crédit Foncier de France, Crédit Lyonnais and other shareholders.


title: Le Méridien

text: UK conglomerate Granada won a hostile takeover battle for Forte in January 1996. Granada convinced majority shareholders to sell to them, rather than Rocco Forte, son of the company's founder, who feared Granada would strip the company of its assets. Granada assumed control of Forte for $5.9 billion. Soon after, in May 1996, Granada announced its intention to sell the 18 luxury hotels of the Forte Hotels chain, but to retain the 85 hotels in the Meridien Hotels chain. The 2000 merger of Forte and caterer Compass Group, and demerger within a year, passed the Forte Hotels division's three remaining brands (Le Méridien, Heritage Hotels and Posthouse Forte) to Compass.


title: Le Méridien

text: In May 2001, Nomura Group acquired Le Méridien Hotels & Resorts from Compass for £1.9 billion, and Le Méridien was merged with Principal Hotels, which had been acquired in February 2001. In December 2003, Lehman Brothers Holdings acquired the senior debt of Le Méridien.


title: Le Méridien

text: US-based Starwood acquired Le Méridien on November 24, 2005. A Lehman Brothers and Starwood Capital Group joint venture obtained the leased and owned real estate assets in a separate deal. Over the following five years, 45 of these 130 properties were sold, and 20 new ones were added to the chain.


title: Le Méridien

text: In September 2016, Marriott gained the Le Méridien brand as part of its acquisition of Starwood. The brand has since been positioned as a premium lifestyle product distinguished by a mid-century modern design aesthetic and destination-centric events and programming.


title: Madhagaja

text: Madhagaja is a 2021 Indian Kannada-language action drama film directed by S. Mahesh Kumar and produced by Umapathy Srinivas under the banner of Umapathy Films. The film features Sriimurali, Ashika Ranganath and Jagapathi Babu in the lead roles. The film released in theatres on 3 December 2021.


title: Madhagaja

text: Surya aka Madhagaja is an orphan, who makes a living as a real estate agent in Varanasi. He also earns some quick buck on the dead people that end up in the Manikarnika Ghat. Surya wants to rule the area, but a litigation case lands him and his friend in Shivagaada, a village in Karnataka, which is a bloodshed filled-state that is ruled by Bhairava Dorai and Rathnamma, who are the landlords of the village. Surya visits Bhairava Dorai's house and becomes a guest of their village.


title: Madhagaja

text: Meanwhile, Rathnamma who is suspicious of Surya learns from Basavanna that Surya is her son, Fearing that Surya would learn of his true origin and would interfere in the bloodshed, Rathnamma gives the amount of money to Surya required for the land. After they leave the village, Basavanna reveals to Surya that Bhairava and Rathnamma are his real parents and Rathnamma had left him due to rivalry and bloodshed in the village and entrusted Basavanna to take care of Surya as he should not grow like Bhairava.


title: Madhagaja

text: Basavanna makes Surya promise to not reveal his identity to them and protect Bhairava's family from all sorts of dangers. Bhairava has a water feud-dispute between Veerabhadra, When he attacks Bhairava and his family at a village festival, Surya interferes in the dispute by thrashing and humiliating Veerabhadra earning Bhairava's trust. Meanwhile, Veerabhadra's son Tandava is released from jail and learns of his father's humiliation. Tandava attacks Surya and Bhairava at the DC's office where Surya evades all attempts by Tandava to destroy Bhairava while Tandava learns of Surya's identity.


title: Madhagaja

text: Veerabhadra and Tandava decide to end the enmity and send the water to the village by having Tandava and Pallavi (Bhairava's friend's daughter) married, to which they agree. Bhairava and Rathnamma, who learns Pallavi love Surya ask Surya to leave the village. The wedding was a plan to prevent the digital clock fixing in the river by Bhairava and the villagers. Tandava, Veerabhadra kidnaps Bhairava, their family, and Basavanna where he reveals Surya's true origin to Bhairava. Surya arrives in time and rescues them and kills Tandava and Veerabhadra, thus rendering peace, and the river water is flown into the village, Thus Surya reunites with his family and Pallavi.


title: Madhagaja

text: The movie grossed ₹7.82 crores on the first day and had collected ₹20.23 crores within 3 days. It collected ₹25.7 crores on first week. It completed 50 days in 11 centers of Karnataka.


title: Nayanars

text: The Nayanars (or Nayanmars; , and later 'teachers of Shiva ) were a group of 63 Tamil Hindu saints living during the 6th to 8th centuries CE who were devoted to the Hindu god Shiva. Along with the Alvars, their contemporaries who were devoted to Vishnu, they influenced the Bhakti movement in early medieval South India. The names of the Nayanars were first compiled by Sundarar. The list was expanded by Nambiyandar Nambi during his compilation of material by the poets for the "Tirumurai" collection, and would include Sundarar himself and Sundarar's parents.


title: Nayanars

text: The list of the Nayanars was initially compiled by Sundarar (Sundararmurthi). In his poem "Tiruthonda Thogai" he sings, in eleven verses, the names of the Nayanar saints up to Karaikkal Ammaiyar, and refers to himself as "the servant of servants". The list did not go into the detail of the lives of the saints, which were described in detail in works such as "Tevaram".