title: Kismat Konnection

text: The film received an average rating of 3 out of 5 from the critics. "A simple romantic "Kismat Konnection"", "which could have been a good romantic comedy, but lack of good one liners, a bit lengthy second half, typical climax makes it fairly average." However Taran Adarsh gave the movie 3 out of 5 calling it a simple and sweet film. He also said the performances by Shahid and Vidya are done very neatly. Noyon Jyoti Parasara of AOL.in also rated it 3.5 out of 5 and said, "Overall, "Kismat Konnection" bears the stamp of typical Aziz Mirza film. It's not a great story or an extraordinary film. But it's a nice, cute and emotional movie."


title: Kismat Konnection

text: The film registered a very good opening at the box office. The film was released in more than 600 screens worldwide including US, UK, Australia and the Middle East. In the Middle East, the film did a business of . In the US, it collected by the second night of its release.


title: Kismat Konnection

text: The music was composed by Pritam while lyrics had been written by Sayeed Quadri and Shabbir Ahmed. 'Soniye Ve' was composed by Sajid–Wajid. Remix songs were mixed by DJ Suketu and Aks. According to the Indian trade website Box Office India, with around 10,00,000 units sold, this film's soundtrack album was the year's fifteenth highest-selling. And remixes are connected style from Dance Bowling 90s.


title: NOP (code)

text: In computer science, a NOP, no-op, or NOOP (pronounced "no op"; short for no operation) is a machine language instruction and its assembly language mnemonic, programming language statement, or computer protocol command that does nothing.


title: NOP (code)

text: Some computer instruction sets include an instruction whose explicit purpose is to not change the state of any of the programmer-accessible registers, status flags, or memory. It often takes a well-defined number of clock cycles to execute. In other instruction sets, there is no explicit NOP instruction, but the assembly language mnemonic NOP represents an instruction which acts as a NOP; e.g., on the SPARC, codice_1.


title: NOP (code)

text: A NOP is most commonly used for timing purposes, to force memory alignment, to prevent hazards, to occupy a branch delay slot, to render void an existing instruction such as a jump, as a target of an execute instruction, or as a place-holder to be replaced by active instructions later on in program development (or to replace removed instructions when reorganizing would be problematic or time-consuming). In some cases, a NOP can have minor side effects; for example, on the Motorola 68000 series of processors, the NOP opcode causes a synchronization of the pipeline.


title: NOP (code)

text: From a hardware design point of view, unmapped areas of a bus are often designed to return zeroes; since the NOP slide behavior is often desirable, it gives a bias to coding it with the all-zeroes opcode.


title: NOP (code)

text: A function or a sequence of programming language statements is a NOP or null statement if it has no effect. Null statements may be required by the syntax of some languages in certain contexts.


title: NOP (code)

text: In Ada, the codice_2 statement serves as a NOP. As the syntax forbids that control statements or functions be empty, the codice_2 statement must be used to specify that no action is required. (Thus, if the programmer forgets to write a sequence of statements, the program will fail to compile.)


title: NOP (code)

text: The simplest NOP statement in C is the "null statement", which is just a semi-colon in a context requiring a statement.


title: NOP (code)

text: In some cases, such as the body of a function, a block must be used, but this can be empty. In C, statements cannot be empty—simple statements must end with a ; (semicolon) while compound statements are enclosed in {} (braces), which does not itself need a following semicolon. Thus in contexts where a statement is grammatically required, some such null statement can be used.


title: NOP (code)

text: The null statement is useless by itself, but it can have a syntactic use in a wider context, e.g., within the context of a loop:


title: NOP (code)

text: (note that the last form may be confusing, and as such generates a warning with some compilers or compiler options, as semicolon usually indicates an end of function call instruction when placed after a parenthesis on the end of line).


title: NOP (code)

text: The above code continues calling the function "getchar()" until it returns a \n (newline) character, essentially fast-forwarding the current reading location of standard input to the beginning of next line.


title: NOP (code)

text: In Fortran, the codice_4 statement is used in some contexts such as the last statement in a DO loop, although it can be used anywhere, and does not have any functionality.


title: NOP (code)

text: As with C, the ; used by itself can be used as a null statement in Pascal. In fact, due to the specification of the language, in a BEGIN / END block, the semicolon is optional before the END statement, thus a semicolon used there is superfluous.


title: NOP (code)

text: Also, a block consisting of codice_13 may be used as a placeholder to indicate no action, even if placed inside another BEGIN / END block.


title: NOP (code)

text: The Python programming language has a codice_14 statement which has no effect when executed and thus serves as a NOP. It is primarily used to ensure correct syntax due to Python's indentation-sensitive syntax; for example the syntax for definition of a class requires an indented block with the class logic, which has to be expressed as codice_14 when it should be empty.


title: NOP (code)

text: The 'codice_16' [colon] command is a shell builtin that has similar effect to a "NOP" (a do-nothing operation). It is not technically an NOP, as it changes the special parameter $? (exit status of last command) to 0. It may be considered a synonym for the shell builtin 'true', and its exit status is true (0).


title: NOP (code)

text: The TeX typographical system's macro language has the codice_17 command. It does nothing by itself, but may be used to prevent the immediately preceding command from parsing any subsequent tokens.


title: NOP (code)

text: Many computer protocols, such as telnet, include a NOP command that a client can issue to request a response from the server without requesting any other actions. Such a command can be used to ensure the connection is still alive or that the server is responsive. A NOOP command is part of the following protocols ("this is a partial list"):


title: NOP (code)

text: Note that unlike the other protocols listed, the IMAP4 NOOP command has a specific purpose—it allows the server to send any pending notifications to the client.


title: NOP (code)

text: While most telnet or FTP servers respond to a NOOP command with "OK" or "+OK", some programmers have added quirky responses to the client. For example, the codice_18 daemon of MINIX responds to NOOP with the message:


title: NOP (code)

text: NOPs are often involved when cracking software that checks for serial numbers, specific hardware or software requirements, presence or absence of hardware dongles, etc. This process is accomplished by altering functions and subroutines to bypass security checks and instead simply return the expected value being checked for. Because most of the instructions in the security check routine will be unused, these would be replaced with NOPs, thus removing the software's security functionality without altering the positioning of everything which follows in the binary.


title: NOP (code)

text: The NOP opcode can be used to form a NOP slide, which allows code to execute when the exact value of the instruction pointer is indeterminate (e.g., when a buffer overflow causes a function's return address on the stack to be overwritten).


title: Never Trump movement

text: The Never Trump movement, also called the #nevertrump, Stop Trump, anti-Trump, or Dump Trump movement, began as an effort on the part of a group of Republicans (known as Never Trump Republicans) and other prominent conservatives to prevent Republican front-runner Donald Trump from obtaining the Republican Party presidential nomination. After he was nominated, this shifted into an effort to prevent him from obtaining the presidency in the 2016 United States presidential election. Trump remained unsupported by 20 percent of Republican members of Congress in the general election. Following Trump's election in November 2016, some in the movement refocused their efforts on defeating Trump in 2020.


title: Never Trump movement

text: Trump entered the Republican primaries on June 16, 2015, at a time when governors Jeb Bush and Scott Walker and Senator Marco Rubio were viewed as early frontrunners. Trump was considered a longshot to win the nomination, but his large media profile gave him a chance to spread his message and appear in the Republican debates. By the end of 2015, Trump was leading the Republican field in national polls. At this point, some Republicans, such as former Mitt Romney adviser Alex Castellanos, called for a "negative ad blitz" against Trump and another former Romney aide founded Our Principles PAC to attack Trump.


title: Never Trump movement

text: After Trump won the New Hampshire and South Carolina primaries, many Republican leaders called for the party to unite around a single leader to stop Trump's nomination. The Never Trump movement gained momentum following Trump's wins in the March 15, 2016, Super Tuesday primaries, including his victory over Rubio in Florida. After Senator Ted Cruz dropped out of the race following Trump's primary victory in Indiana on May 3, 2016, Trump became the presumptive nominee while internal opposition to Trump remained as the process pivoted towards a general election.


title: Never Trump movement

text: Following unsuccessful attempts by some delegates at the Republican National Convention to block his nomination, Trump became the Republican Party's 2016 nominee for president on July 18, 2016. Some members of the Never Trump movement endorsed alternative candidates in the general election, such as Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton, Libertarian nominee Gary Johnson, independent conservative Evan McMullin and American Solidarity Party nominee Mike Maturen.


title: Never Trump movement

text: Some have compared the Never Trump movement to the Mugwumps, Republicans in the 1884 United States presidential election who refused to back party nominee James G. Blaine and instead threw support for Democratic candidate Grover Cleveland.


title: Never Trump movement

text: On March 17, 2016, anti-Trump conservatives met at the Army and Navy Club in Washington, D.C., to discuss strategies for preventing Trump from securing the presidential nomination at the Republican National Convention in July. Among the strategies discussed were a "unity ticket", a possible third-party candidate and a contested convention, especially if Trump did not gain the 1,237 delegates necessary to secure the nomination.


title: Never Trump movement

text: The meeting was organized by Erick Erickson, Bill Wichterman and Bob Fischer. Around two dozen people attended. Consensus was reached that Trump's nomination could be prevented and that efforts would be made to seek a unity ticket, possibly comprising Cruz and Ohio governor John Kasich.


title: Never Trump movement

text: Our Principles PAC and Club for Growth were involved in trying to prevent Trump's nomination. Our Principles PAC spent more than $13 million on advertising attacking Trump. The Club for Growth spent $11 million in an effort to prevent Trump from becoming the Republican Party's nominee.


title: Never Trump movement

text: In June 2016, activists Eric O'Keefe and Dane Waters formed a group called Delegates Unbound, which CNN described as "an effort to convince delegates that they have the authority and the ability to vote for whomever they want". The effort involved the publication of a book titled "Unbound: The Conscience of a Republican Delegate" by Republican delegates Curly Haugland and Sean Parnell. The book argues that "delegates are not bound to vote for any particular candidate based on primary and caucus results, state party rules, or even state law".


title: Never Trump movement

text: Republican delegates Kendal Unruh and Steve Lonegan led an effort among fellow Republican delegates to change the convention rules "to include a 'conscience clause' that would allow delegates bound to Trump to vote against him, even on the first ballot at the July convention". Unruh described the effort as "an 'Anybody but Trump' movement". Unruh's efforts started with a conference call on June 16 "with at least 30 delegates from 15 states". Regional coordinators for the effort were recruited in Arizona, Iowa, Louisiana, Washington and other states. By June 19, hundreds of delegates to the Republican National Convention calling themselves Free the Delegates had begun raising funds and recruiting members in support of an effort to change party convention rules to free delegates to vote however they want, instead of according to the results of state caucuses and primaries. Unruh, a member of the convention's Rules Committee and one of the group's founders, planned to propose adding the "conscience clause" to the convention's rules, effectively unhinging pledged delegates. She needed 56 other supporters from the 112-member panel, which determines precisely how Republicans select their nominee in Cleveland. The Rules Committee instead voted 87–12 to adopt rules requiring delegates to vote based on their states' primary and caucus results.


title: Never Trump movement

text: At a luncheon in February 2016 attended by Republican governors and donors, Karl Rove discussed the danger of Trump's securing the Republican nomination by July, and that it might be possible to stop him but there was not much time left.


title: Never Trump movement

text: Early in March 2016, Romney, the 2012 Republican presidential nominee, directed some of his advisors to look at ways to stop Trump from obtaining the nomination at the Republican National Convention (RNC). Romney also gave a major speech urging voters to vote for the Republican candidate most likely to prevent Trump from acquiring delegates in state primaries. A few weeks later, Romney announced that he would vote for Ted Cruz in the Utah GOP caucuses. On his Facebook page, he posted: "Today, there is a contest between Trumpism and Republicanism. Through the calculated statements of its leader, Trumpism has become associated with racism, misogyny, bigotry, xenophobia, vulgarity and, most recently, threats and violence. I am repulsed by each and every one of these". Nevertheless, Romney said early on he would "support the Republican nominee", though he did not "think that's going to be Donald Trump".


title: Never Trump movement

text: Senator Lindsey Graham shifted from opposing both Ted Cruz and Trump to eventually supporting Cruz as a better alternative to Trump. Commenting about Trump, Graham said: "I don't think he's a Republican, I don't think he's a conservative, I think his campaign's built on xenophobia, race-baiting and religious bigotry. I think he'd be a disaster for our party and as Senator Cruz would not be my first choice, I think he is a Republican conservative who I could support". After Trump became the presumptive nominee in May, Graham announced he would not be supporting Trump in the general election, stating: "[I] cannot, in good conscience, support Donald Trump because I do not believe he is a reliable Republican conservative nor has he displayed the judgment and temperament to serve as Commander in Chief". Over the course of the Trump presidency, however, Graham became one of Trump's most ardent supporters in the Senate.


title: Never Trump movement

text: In October 2016, some individuals made third-party vote trading mobile applications and websites to help stop Trump. For example, a Californian who wants to vote for Clinton will instead vote for Jill Stein and in exchange a Stein supporter in a swing state will vote for Clinton. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in the 2007 case "Porter v. Bowen" established vote trading as a First Amendment right.


title: Never Trump movement

text: Republican former presidents George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush both refused to support Trump in the general election, with the elder Bush reportedly voting for Trump's rival Hillary Clinton.


title: Never Trump movement

text: Several prominent Republicans have left the party in opposition to actions taken by the Trump administration.


title: Never Trump movement

text: Reactions to the Stop Trump movement were mixed, with other prominent Republicans making statements in support of preventing Trump from receiving the Republican nomination. Following his withdrawal as a candidate for president, Senator Marco Rubio expressed hope that Trump's nomination could be stopped, adding that his nomination "would fracture the party and be damaging to the conservative movement".


title: Never Trump movement

text: Republican National Committee chairman Reince Priebus dismissed the potential impact of Mitt Romney's efforts to block Trump at the convention. Sam Clovis, a national co-chairman for Trump's campaign, said he would leave the Republican Party if it "comes into that convention and jimmies with the rules and takes away the will of the people". Ned Ryun, founder of conservative group American Majority, expressed concern about a contested convention, should Trump have the most delegates, but fail to reach the 1,237 necessary to be assured the nomination. Ryun speculated that a contested convention would result in Trump running as a third-party candidate, making it unlikely that Republicans would win the presidency in the November general election, adding that it would "blow up the party, at least in the short term".


title: Never Trump movement

text: New Jersey Governor Chris Christie expressed his opinion that efforts to stop Trump would ultimately fail. Relatively shortly after his endorsement of Trump, he criticized the people who condemned his endorsement, including the Stop Trump movement, saying his critics had yet to support any of the remaining Republican candidates. "I think if you're a public figure, you have the obligation to speak out, and be 'for' something, not just 'against' something. ... When those folks in the 'Stop Trump' movement actually decide to be for something, then people can make an evaluation ... if they want to be for one of the remaining candidates, do what I did: be for one of the remaining candidates."


title: Never Trump movement

text: Trump said if he were deprived of the nomination because of falling just short of the 1,237 delegates required, there could be "problems like you've never seen before. I think bad things would happen" and "I think you'd have riots". Trump made prior comments suggesting that he might run as an independent candidate if he were not to get the Republican nomination.


title: Never Trump movement

text: Roger Stone, a political consultant who served as an advisor for Trump's 2016 presidential campaign and who remains a "confidant" to Trump, put together a group called Stop the Steal and threatened "days of rage" if Republican Party leaders tried to deny the nomination to Trump at the Republican National Convention in Cleveland. Stone also threatened to disclose to the public the hotel room numbers of delegates who opposed Trump.


title: Never Trump movement

text: In 2019, Kelly A. Hyman, wrote the book "Top Ten Reasons to Dump Trump in 2020" during the continuation of Never Trump movement, where the reasons voiced during the movement in 2016 - 2019 are collected. Following Trump's election in November 2016, some in the movement refocused their efforts on defeating Trump in 2020.


title: Never Trump movement

text: Trump was widely described as the presumptive Republican nominee after the May3 Indiana primary, notwithstanding the continued opposition of groups such as Our Principles PAC. Many Republican leaders endorsed Trump after he became the presumptive nominee, but other Republicans looked for ways to defeat him in the general election. Stop Trump members such as Mitt Romney, Erick Erickson, William Kristol, Mike Murphy, Stuart Stevens and Rick Wilson pursued the possibility of an independent candidacy by a non-Trump Republican. Potential candidates included Senator Ben Sasse, Governor John Kasich, Senator Tom Coburn, Congressman Justin Amash, Senator Rand Paul, retired Marine Corps General James Mattis, lawyer Kelly A. Hyman, retired Army General Stanley McChrystal, former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, businessman Mark Cuban and 2012 Republican nominee Mitt Romney. However, many of these candidates rejected the possibility of an independent run, pointing to difficulties such as ballot access and the potential to help the Democratic candidate win the presidency. One potential strategy would involve an independent candidate gaining enough electoral votes to deny a majority to either of the major party candidates, sending the three presidential candidates with the most electoral votes to the House of Representatives under procedures established by the Twelfth Amendment. Some anti-Trump Republicans said they would vote for Hillary Clinton in the general election.


title: Never Trump movement

text: On May 3, 2016, one of the biggest anti-Trump groups, the Never Trump PAC, circulated a petition to collect the signatures of conservatives opposed to voting for Trump in the 2016 presidential election. As of August 19, 2016, over 54,000 people had signed the petition. Gary Johnson's campaign in the Libertarian Party attracted attention as a possible vehicle for the Stop Trump movement's votes in the general election after Trump became the Republican Party's presumptive nominee. In late May, Craig Snyder, a former Republican staffer, launched the Republicans for Hillary PAC, "aimed at convincing Republicans to choose Hillary Clinton over ... Donald Trump in November". The grassroots effort, called Republicans for Clinton in 2016, or R4C16, also joined the effort in defeating Trump.


title: Never Trump movement

text: William Kristol, editor of "The Weekly Standard", promoted "National Review" staff writer David A. French of Tennessee as a prospective candidate. However, French opted not to run. On August 8, Evan McMullin, a conservative Republican, announced that he would mount an independent bid for president with support of the Never Trump movement. McMullin was backed by Better for America (a Never Trump group) and supported by former Americans Elect CEO Kahlil Byrd and Republican campaign finance lawyer Chris Ashby.


title: Never Trump movement

text: Although Trump's campaign drew a substantial amount of criticism, Trump received 90 percent of the Republican vote, while Clinton won 89 percent of Democratic voters.


title: Never Trump movement

text: After Trump won the election, two Electoral College electors launched an effort to convince fellow electors who were allocated to Trump to vote against him.


title: Never Trump movement

text: On December 11, Jim Himes, a Democratic member of the House of Representatives, wrote on Twitter that the Electoral College should not elect Trump: "We're 5wks from Inauguration & the President Elect is completely unhinged. The Electoral College must do what it was designed for". In a December 12 interview on CNN's "New Day", Himes said he was troubled by several actions by the President-elect. The issue that "pushed [him] over the edge" was Trump's criticism of the CIA and the intelligence community. The Congressman did admit Trump won "fair and square", but he said that Trump proved himself unfit for public office. He cited the intentions behind the creation of the Electoral College and argued that it was created for an instance such as the election of Trump.


title: Never Trump movement

text: In the end, efforts to persuade more electors to vote against Trump ultimately failed and Trump won 304 electors on December 19. Trump's electoral lead over Clinton even grew because a larger number of electors defected from her: Trump received 304 of his 306 pledged electors, Clinton 227 of her 232.


title: Never Trump movement

text: I'm going to call 'em like I see 'em and wait and see if I was wrong about Trump. ... The thing is: Never Trump is over. Never Trump was about the GOP primary and the general election, not the presidency. The Left wants to claim it must be a permanent movement, denying the legitimacy of Trump's election forever, or we were never serious. Well, that's not what we—or at least I—signed up for. ... I'll say it again: I'm going to call 'em like I see 'em and wait and see if I was wrong about Trump. So far, I've said that most of his cabinet picks have been a pleasant and welcome surprise. But he's also done plenty of things that make me feel like I had him pegged all along. We only have one president at a time—and the guy isn't even president yet. I'll give him a chance. But I won't lie for him either.


title: Never Trump movement

text: Since the election, other Republicans who had resisted Trump's candidacy, such as South Carolina Senator Lindsey Graham have since declared their support for his presidency. Since taking office, Trump's job approval among self-described Republicans has been consistently at or near 90 percent.


title: Never Trump movement

text: As the impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump was ongoing, Trump has publicly characterized the witnesses in the inquiry as Never Trumpers in an effort to discredit them. In unsubstantiated statements, he has also specifically accused Ambassador to Ukraine William Taylor, National Security Council official Lt. Col. Alexander Vindman, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian Affairs George Kent, and State Department official Jennifer Williams of being Never Trumpers. When asked by Democratic House Representatives during the public impeachment hearings, George Kent, William Taylor, former Ambassador Marie Yovanovitch, Lt. Col. Alexander Vindman, and Jennifer Williams all rejected the notion that they themselves were Never Trumpers.


title: Never Trump movement

text: On October 23, 2019, Trump addressed the Never Trump Republicans on his Twitter account with the following tweet: "The Never Trumper Republicans, though on respirators with not many left, are in certain ways worse and more dangerous for our Country than the Do Nothing Democrats. Watch out for them, they are human scum!"


title: Never Trump movement

text: In 2019, former North Carolina Supreme Court Justice Robert F. Orr co-founded the National Republicans, who support the views of Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush.


title: Never Trump movement

text: Evan McMullin, who ran for president in 2016, started the group Republicans for a New President, which held The Convention on Founding Principles at the same time as the 2020 Republican National Convention. The alternative event, which included principal members of Republicans for the Rule of Law and The Lincoln Project, was primarily a virtual event due to the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: Galveston (film)

text: Galveston is a 2018 American thriller film directed by Mélanie Laurent. It is written by Nic Pizzolatto (under the pseudonym Jim Hammett) and based on his novel of the same name. It follows a dying hitman (Ben Foster), who escapes a set up and heads to the titular town to plan his revenge, taking a young girl who was kidnapped by his boss (Elle Fanning).


title: Galveston (film)

text: The film had its world premiere at South by Southwest on March 10, 2018. It was released on October 19, 2018 by RLJE Films.


title: Galveston (film)

text: In 1988, New Orleans hitman Roy Cady is diagnosed with terminal lung cancer and storms out of his doctor's office. Roy is a heavy-drinking criminal enforcer and contract killer whose boss sets him up in a double-cross scheme. After killing his would-be assassins before they could kill him, Roy discovers Rocky, a young escort being held captive and reluctantly takes her with him on his escape. He returns to his hometown of Galveston, Texas where he plans his revenge after a sting is turned against him.


title: Galveston (film)

text: On the ride to his hometown, Rocky tells him she thought it was a legitimate business because she found it in the yellow pages and had no idea how it really was. They stop and get drunk at a bar, and Rocky offers sexual favors to Roy, but he rebuffs her. The next morning, Rocky asks Roy to stop because she says she can get money owed to her. Roy, sitting in the car hears a gunshot, and Rocky returns to the car with her three-year-old sister Tiffany. Rocky tells Roy that she fired a shot at the wall and didn't hurt anyone, but Roy later finds out that Rocky shot and killed her stepdad.


title: Galveston (film)

text: After Roy leaves for a few days and reconciles with an ex from the past he returns to find out Rocky's real story, and that she (thinking he left for good) is escorting again. He then finds out Tiffany, who she claimed was her sister, is really her daughter, by her stepdad in rape. Roy calls his old boss to blackmail him with incriminating documents found during the failed sting, demanding $75,000 to stay silent. Determined to find safety and sanctuary in Galveston, he tells Rocky that he will give her the money and convinces her to go to school and become something.


title: Galveston (film)

text: Just as Roy and Rocky finally start recognizing their feelings for one another on a date at a local bar, they are captured by a crew belonging to Roy's old boss. They are separated, and Roy is severely beaten. After a while, a woman from his past finds him and frees him, telling him to flee before someone finds him. He looks for Rocky to find her dead in another room from a brutal beating and gang rape. Roy escapes the compound, killing a bodyguard outside and taking his car and gun. He is emotionally distraught as he leaves and is involved in a car accident. He wakes in a hospital where a nurse tells him that he has aspergillosis, not cancer, and his condition is treatable by the state.


title: Galveston (film)

text: Roy is arrested on multiple charges and sent to jail. His former boss' lawyer meets with him and implies they know where Tiffany is and will kill her and the motel staff if he talks to the police. Because of his love for Rocky and Tiffany, he stays silent until he is released 20 years later. Tiffany, now an adult, shows up at his door as the town is preparing for Hurricane Ike. Roy says he will tell her the truth, but then he wants her to leave for her safety. He tells her that Rocky was actually her mother and she was not abandoned, giving her much needed closure. Roy is then seen walking toward the beach as he experiences flashbacks of Rocky.


title: Galveston (film)

text: In November 2016, it was announced Elle Fanning and Ben Foster had joined the cast of the film, with Mélanie Laurent directing, from a screenplay written by Nic Pizzolatto who wrote the novel of the same name. Tyler Davidson, Jean Doumanian, Patrick Daly, Kevin Flanigan and Sean O’Brien will serve as producers and executive producers, respectively under their Low Spark Films and Jean Doumanian banners. In February 2017, Lili Reinhart, Beau Bridges, María Valverde and Robert Aramayo joined the cast of the film. Marc Chouarain composed the film's score.


title: Galveston (film)

text: Pizzolatto is credited under the pseudonym Jim Hammett, following Laurent's contributions to the screenplay, despite not being formally engaged as a writer on the project, feeling the final script did not reflect his own.


title: Galveston (film)

text: The film had its world premiere at South by Southwest on March 10, 2018. Shortly after, RLJE Films acquired distribution rights to the film. It also screened at the Los Angeles Film Festival on September 23, 2018. It was released on October 19, 2018.


title: Galveston (film)

text: , the film holds approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on reviews, with an average rating of . The site's critical consensus reads ""Galveston"s talented cast - and confident direction from Mélanie Laurent - help set this uneven crime drama apart from less distinguished genre entries". On Metacritic, the film has a score of 57 out of 100, based on reviews from 17 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".


title: Galveston (film)

text: Keith Watson of "Slant Magazine" gave the film 2 out of 4 stars, saying: "A pensive but plodding story of criminals on the run, Mélanie Laurent's "Galveston" is a moody, slow-burn drama that never quite catches fire." Peter Debruge of "Variety" called the film "tough, uncompromising, and hauntingly believable, just a little too slow and a lot too serious for today's typical action audiences." Matt Zoller Seitz of "RogerEbert.com" wrote, "despite its limitations, this is a consistently engrossing, sometimes powerful crime drama that feels rich despite its brief running time." Mike D'Angelo of "The A.V. Club" gave the film a "B−" grade, stating that "it confirms Laurent as a significant talent behind the lens, particularly adept at building queasy tension."


title: Willie Revillame

text: Wilfredo Buendia Revillame (; born January 27, 1961), popularly known as Willie Revillame, is a Filipino television host, comedian, singer, songwriter, actor, and businessman.


title: Willie Revillame

text: Revillame started out as the host of GMA Network's noontime variety program "Lunch Date" in the late 1980s together with Randy Santiago. In 1995–1997, Revillame as the theme song of the TV drama series "Villa Quintana" as a duet with Rockstar 2. He later began to appear on different movies, playing sidekick to big-named stars.


title: Willie Revillame

text: In 1998, he started co-hosting the ABS-CBN noontime show "'Sang Linggo nAPO Sila". After the show was cancelled to make way for his big break in "Magandang Tanghali Bayan", he also started appearing in "Richard Loves Lucy". Other shows he hosted within the network were "Willingly Yours", "Masayang Tanghali Bayan" and "Wowowee", as well as TV5 variety programs like "Willing Willie", "Wil Time Bigtime" and "Wowowillie".


title: Willie Revillame

text: On March 20, 2015, Revillame marked his homecoming in GMA Network (his original home network), his long-awaited return to Philippine showbiz and to Philippine television via his newest weekly-variety program "Wowowin", airing on GMA Network every Sunday afternoon since May 10, 2015 until it became a weekday-variety program in February 1, 2016 due to the huge popularity of the show. On February 5, 2022, GMA Network announced that Revillame's contract with the network will end on February 15, 2022. His program, "Wowowin" aired its final broadcast on February 11, 2022 until it's resumption on All TV on September 13.


title: Willie Revillame

text: Revillame is known for developing a business, the Wil Tower Mall near ABS-CBN Eugenio Lopez Drive in Quezon City with business partner Manny Villar. It held its grand opening on September 15, 2013. Revillame is also a former owner of the restaurants W Bar and Wil Steak Town at Wil Events Place located near Wil Tower Mall and ABS-CBN along Sgt. Esguerra Avenue in South Triangle, Diliman, Quezon City. Wil Tower Mall was developed by the real estate firm Vista Land, but Revillame's holdings were sold to his business partner and friend, former Senator Manny Villar.


title: Willie Revillame

text: Revillame was interviewed for the April 2015 episode of Kapuso Mo, Jessica Soho at his own rest house in Tagaytay City after the signing of contract with GMA Network. During the interview, GMA 7 broadcast journalist Jessica Soho said that Revillame is planning to build a 5-star resort-hotel located within the 5 hectare lot that he acquired from the Madrigal family. His own rest house is also located within the same lot.


title: Willie Revillame

text: Following the acquisition of Advanced Media Broadcasting System by the Villar family, Villar tapped Revillame to invest in the company's plans on broadcast ventures.


title: Willie Revillame

text: Revillame was first married to actress Princess Punzalan. In March 2005, he married Liz Almoro in a civil ceremony at Lipa, Batangas, officiated by Mayor Vilma Santos. This was followed by a church wedding in June 2005. Their marriage was annulled in 2008.


title: Willie Revillame

text: On August 25, 2007, the Department of Justice dismissed criminal charges against Revillame in connection with the stampede. However, Justice Secretary Raul M. Gonzalez affirmed the charge against 14 others, including ABS-CBN officials.


title: Willie Revillame

text: In the August 3, 2009 episode of "Wowowee", during which the show was interrupted for live coverage of the transfer of former President Cory Aquino's remains from La Salle Greenhills to the Manila Cathedral, Revillame said that he could not make people happy while the entire country was mourning. The Alliance of Filipino Journalists denounced his remarks as a sign of disrespect towards Aquino. Revillame said he had no intention of defaming the former president and her family. ABS-CBN senior executive Cory Vidanes said that the network supported Revillame's action, stating that his outburst did not run afoul of the Broadcast Code of the Philippines. Network entertainment official Johnny Manahan said Revillame was correct in saying that the footage should not have been inserted, but the way he said it was wrong.


title: Willie Revillame

text: On May 4, 2010, Revillame went into another on-air tirade on his now-defunct noontime show "Wowowee", this time directing his anger at entertainment columnist and DZMM Radio host Jobert Sucaldito. Without mentioning him by name, he said he had enough of Sucaldito's alleged criticisms against the show having high-school contestants whose grades were below the passing mark for the Willie of Fortune segment and also ridiculing them on-screen. He threatened to resign from the show unless the ABS-CBN management dismissed Sucaldito, who described Revillame's rant as being "pikon" (Tagalog slang meaning 'short-tempered'). He went on an indefinite leave three weeks later after the network declined his resignation letter.


title: Willie Revillame

text: In a press conference on August 9, 2010, Revillame announced that he was ending his contract with ABS-CBN, even if it is supposed to expire in September 2011. He also accused ABS-CBN of violating several provisions in his contract. He narrated that his decision came out of meetings between ABS-CBN production head Linggit Tan and network president Charo Santos-Concio regarding a return to the show on July 31. However, on July 20, Tan said the management will replace "Wowowee" with a new show on July 31 and also offered him a one-hour weekly show. She added negative feedback still prevailed among network employees about him going to work again. Despite the move, the network stated that Revillame's Wowowee tirade only highlighted his arrogance and stressed that the contract is still in effect.


title: Willie Revillame

text: On March 12, 2011, a "macho dance" by an apparently unhappy six-year-old boy on Revillame's primetime show, "Willing Willie", resulted in criticism, including the Philippine Department of Social Welfare and Development describing it as a case of child abuse. Revillame "sincerely and deeply" apologized for the segment, “which viewers may have found offensive or in bad taste.” The Commission on Human Rights pursued an investigation of the program for violating the law. In October 2015, the Court of Appeals allowed the arrest and prosecution of Revillame over the case. Atty. Nards de Vera, lawyer of Revillame, clarified in a GMA News article that Revillame has already posted the bail for the two cases in September 2013, and does not need the warrant of arrest served against his client.


title: Willie Revillame

text: On April 11, 2016, the 3rd division of the Court of Appeal (CA) had affirmed the Regional Trial Court Quezon City Judge Roberto Buenaventura Decision. The CA said that Judge Buenaventura hadn't committed no grave abuse of discretion. In the CA's Decision, written by Justice Maria Luisa Quijano-Padilla, on the arrest and to bring to trial Willie Revillame, they said, " “as there is probable cause for the petitioner’s commission of a crime, his arrest and arraignment should now ensue so that this case may properly proceed to trial, where the merits of both parties’ evidence and allegations may be weighed.”


title: Saturday Morning All Star Hits!

text: Saturday Morning All Star Hits! (abbreviated as S.M.A.S.H.!) is an American adult animated streaming television series that first aired on December 10, 2021. Directed by Dave McCary and Ben Jones, the show stars Kyle Mooney. Produced by Universal Television, the show was made as a mix of live-action with animation in conjunction with Ben Jones Studio, Inc., and Bento Box Entertainment for the animated segments, and Broadway Video for the live-action segments, and is a parody of Saturday-morning cartoon programming blocks from the 1980s and early 1990s, with a mix of animated and live-action content. It has received mostly positive reviews from critics.


title: Saturday Morning All Star Hits!

text: The show is a parody of Saturday-morning cartoons from the 1980s and early 1990s, such as "Chip and Pepper's Cartoon Madness", Fox Kids, and The Disney Afternoon, framed by an eponymous show called "SMASH!" for short. It is hosted by twin brothers Skip and Treybor (parodies of Chip and Pepper), both played by Kyle Mooney. They introduce various cartoon shows and have brief conversations between shows. The cartoons include:


title: Saturday Morning All Star Hits!

text: Sometime after S1:E6, Treybor quits "SMASH!" because he feels overshadowed by his twin brother Skip. In the season finale, Treybor confronts Skip during a live broadcast to vent his frustrations, before their mother also shows up and urges them to reconcile while introducing them to their long-lost triplet brother, Corbee (Nathan Fielder). Skip also leaves "SMASH!", after which all three triplets become VJs on "Monday Early Afternoon Rock Song Hits" ("MEARSH"), which shows skludge rock (grunge rock) music videos geared towards older teenagers and young adults.


title: Saturday Morning All Star Hits!

text: Starting in S1:E4, breaking news interruptions chronicle the disappearance of "Lottie" co-stars Lottie Wolfe and Sean Benjamin and the subsequent police investigation; Wolfe's boyfriend and fellow teen sensation Johnny Rash is initially arrested and tried for their presumed deaths (in a nationally televised trial a la O.J. Simpson), during which Benjamin's body is found, but a jury acquits Rash due to matching left-and-right shoeprints being found at the scene, contradicting Rash's fashion statement of always wearing mismatched shoes (reminiscent of the backwards clothes worn by Kris Kross). Though it proved futile in court, evidence against Rash was found by a 9-year-old "SMASH!" superfan named Katherine Logan (implied to be the one who's switching tapes of "SMASH!" off-screen), who spotted a blooper in the "Skip and the Strongimals Movie" in which an unidentified figure (thought to be Johnny Rash himself) threw an athletic shoe matching the crime scene into the D'ahai Sea.


title: Saturday Morning All Star Hits!

text: Running gags include the names of animation studios GIK (a play on DIC Entertainment), Herb Whibley (Walt Disney), and Polystar (a spoof of Carolco), numerous appearances of sub sandwiches and catchphrases like "zuzzy zazz" and "uh... subs?".


title: Saturday Morning All Star Hits!

text: The show was co-created by Mooney (who plays both Skip and Treybor), director Dave McCary (directing the live action segments), and animator Ben Jones, best known for his work on the Cartoon Network series "The Problem Solverz" and the FXX animated series "Stone Quackers", and the Emmy Award-winning sitcom "Bob's Burgers". It is produced by "Saturday Night Live" creator Lorne Michaels.


title: Shiva Nirvana

text: Siva Shankar Lalam, known professionally as Shiva Nirvana, is an Indian film director and screenwriter who works in Telugu cinema. Nirvana has directed three films, "Ninnu Kori" (2017), "Majili" (2019) and "Tuck Jagadish" (2021).


title: Shiva Nirvana

text: Nirvana hails from Sabbavaram of Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh. He graduated with Bachelor of Education and worked as a Biology teacher for two years. Nirvana subsequently moved to Hyderabad and started working as an Assistant director for films like "Rakta Charitra" (2010) and "Solo" (2011). His birth name is Siva Sankar Lalam but he adopted the last name Nirvana as he felt "very connected to it" when he came across it for the first time.


title: Trompe le Monde

text: Trompe le Monde is the fourth studio album by the American alternative rock band Pixies, released on September 23, 1991 on 4AD in the United Kingdom and on September 24, 1991 on Elektra Records in the United States. Recorded in Burbank, California, Paris and London, the album was produced by Gil Norton, and was Pixies' final studio album before their subsequent break-up two years later. "Trompe le Monde" is the last album to feature founding bass guitarist Kim Deal.


title: Trompe le Monde

text: "Head On" is a cover of the Jesus and Mary Chain track. It was released as a single and reached number 6 on the "Billboard" Modern Rock Tracks chart in the U.S.


title: Trompe le Monde

text: "U-Mass" is a song about the University of Massachusetts Amherst, where Black Francis met Joey Santiago before dropping out to form Pixies. In a 2001 interview, Santiago recalled that the original guitar riff was written while they were still enrolled at the school.


title: Trompe le Monde

text: The album name comes from the title of the first track, "Trompe le Monde", a French phrase () meaning "Fool the World". Unlike previous albums, the title of the album comes from the name of a song (rather than a song lyric), and is a play on the French phrase "Trompe-l'œil", a painting technique in which the painter fools the viewer into thinking objects presented are real. On some versions of the CD, the title is erroneously printed as "Tromp le Monde" on the disc itself.


title: Trompe le Monde

text: Michael Bonner of "Lime Lizard" described "Trompe le Monde" as "one of the best albums that you may very well ever hear" and "a strong contender for best album of the 20th century".


title: Trompe le Monde

text: In a retrospective review, AllMusic writer Heather Phares noted the reduced role of Kim Deal, calling it "essentially Black Francis' solo debut". Tom Ewing of "Freaky Trigger" named "Trompe le Monde" his ninth favorite album of the 1990s, describing it as "clean-lined sci-fi popmetal, perpetually underrated."


title: Platte River

text: The Platte River () is a major river in the State of Nebraska. It is about long; measured to its farthest source via its tributary, the North Platte River, it flows for over . The Platte River is a tributary of the Missouri River, which itself is a tributary of the Mississippi River which flows to the Gulf of Mexico. The Platte over most of its length is a broad, shallow, meandering stream with a sandy bottom and many islands—a braided stream.


title: Platte River

text: The Platte is one of the most significant tributary systems in the watershed of the Missouri, draining a large portion of the central Great Plains in Nebraska and the eastern Rocky Mountains in Colorado and Wyoming. The river valley played an important role in the westward expansion of the United States, providing the route for several major emigrant trails, including the Oregon, California, Mormon and Bozeman trails. The first Europeans to see the Platte were French explorers and fur trappers about 1714; they first called it the "Nebraskier" (Nebraska), a transliteration of the name given by the Otoe people, meaning "flat water". This expression is very close to the French words "rivière plate" ("flat river"), the probable origin of the name Platte River.


title: Platte River

text: The Platte River is formed in western Nebraska east of the city of North Platte, Nebraska by the confluence of the North Platte and the South Platte Rivers, which both arise from snowmelt in the eastern Rockies east of the Continental Divide.


title: Platte River

text: In central north Colorado is the North Park valley, ringed by mountains of 12,000 feet (3,700 m) height; this is where the North Platte River originates. The head of the North Platte River is essentially all of Jackson County; its boundaries are the continental divide on the west and south and the mountain drainage peaks on the east—the north boundary is the state of Wyoming. The nearest Colorado town is Walden, the county seat. The rugged Rocky Mountains Continental Divide surrounding Jackson County have at least twelve peaks over 11,000 feet (3,400 m) in height. From Jackson County, the North Platte flows north about out of the Routt National Forest and North Park near what is now Walden to Casper, Wyoming. Shortly after passing Casper, the North Platte turns to the east-southeast and flows about to the city of North Platte, Nebraska. In Colorado and Wyoming, the North Platte is narrower and much swifter flowing than it is in Nebraska, where it becomes a slow flowing, shallow braided stream.


title: Platte River

text: The North Platte River has been dammed about eight times for water storage and irrigation purposes in Wyoming and Nebraska as it flows to its confluence with the South Platte River. The upper reaches of the river in the Rockies in Colorado and Wyoming are popular for recreation rafting and lure and fly fishing for rainbow, brown, cutthroat trout and other sport fish. In western Nebraska, the banks and riverbed of the North Platte provide a green oasis amid an otherwise semi-arid region of North America. Today, by the time the North Platte reaches Paxton, Nebraska it is much smaller due to the extensive water taken from it for irrigation. Historically, the North Platte River was up to a mile wide (1.6 km) in many places, as evinced by the old streambed and historic written records.


title: Platte River

text: The South Platte River drainage includes about in the north east corner of Colorado, parts of southeastern Wyoming in the vicinity of the city of Cheyenne and a small part of the southwest corner of Nebraska. The South Platte drains a large part of the Front Range mountains east of the continental divide. The part of the river labeled the South Platte is formed in Park County, Colorado, located southwest of Denver, in the South Park grassland basin and mountains east of the continental divide. It is formed by the confluence of the South Fork South Platte River and Middle Fork South Platte River, approximately southeast of Fairplay, Colorado. After the South and Middle fork join, the South Platte flows east-southeast till it exits Elevenmile Reservoir; it turns almost ninety degrees to skirt the west side of Pikes Peak and flows roughly east-northeast about through Denver and on to Greeley, Colorado. From Greeley, the South Platte turns east and flows about to its confluence with the North Platte River near the city of North Platte, Nebraska.


title: Platte River

text: The South Platte River has been dammed about 20 times for water storage, drinking water and irrigation purposes in Colorado as it flows to its confluence with the North Platte River. The total number of dams in the South Platte drainage may exceed 1,000 as nearly all major streams have at least one dam on them. The South Platte River serves as the principal source of water for arid eastern Colorado. The South Platte River valley provided a major emigration path to Denver. The wagon trails followed the south side of the Platte/North Platte River. Wagon trains were ferried or waded in low water years across the swampy-bottomed South Platte River in several places to stay on the south side of the North Platte River where the trails were located. Miners who later went on to Denver followed the South Platte River trail into Colorado.


title: Platte River

text: After the North Platte and the South Platte rivers join to form the Platte River, over most of its length it is a sandy, broad, shallow, braided river. Its many shallow channels and islands and ever-changing sandbars made navigation difficult; it was never used as a major water transportation route. The Platte flows in a large arc, east-southeast to near Fort Kearny and then east-northeast, across Nebraska south of Grand Island and on to Columbus. The Platte River is joined from the north by the about Loup River about southeast of Columbus. During pioneer days, a Loup River ferry crossed the river. From Columbus, the Platte flows almost due east about past North Bend and then on to Fremont.


title: Platte River

text: Near Fremont, the Platte bends south and then east around the location of Omaha in a large "L" turn. Near Fremont the Platte turns sharply and flows south-southeast about to about Waterloo, Nebraska—located about west of Omaha. Near Waterloo the Platte turns even more and heads almost due south for about . About east-southeast of Waterloo and about from the Platte's confluence with the Missouri River, the Platte is joined from the north by the Elkhorn River. The Elkhorn, a river, originates in the eastern Sandhills of Nebraska and is one of the largest tributaries of the Platte River. The Elkhorn joins the Platte on its south-bound path just southwest of Omaha, approximately 1 mile (2 km) south and 3 miles (5 km) west of Gretna. The pioneers leaving from near Omaha (established 1854) or Council Bluffs, Iowa (established 1846) used the Mormon Trail north of the Platte River and had to ferry across the Elkhorn. After the Union Pacific railroad was constructed west from Omaha in 1866, it had to build a major bridge across the Elkhorn. After the confluence of the Elkhorn and the Platte River, the Platte continues southward, about before it turns sharply and heads almost due East for about before its confluence with the Missouri River. Sarpy County is shaped like a crescent, being bounded on the east by the Missouri River, on the south and west by the Platte, and on the north by Douglas County which contains Omaha. The Platte-Missouri River confluence is about south of Omaha.


title: Platte River

text: Including the North Platte River, the Platte River stretches over , with a drainage basin of about . The mean annual flow is estimated at . The Platte drains one of the most arid areas of the Great Plains with a flow that is considerably lower than rivers of comparable length in North America. For much of its length, it is a classic wide, muddy and shallow braided stream which in the lower reaches flows in a floodplain bordered by bluffs. During pioneer days, the common humorous description was that the Platte was "a mile wide at the mouth, but only six inches deep." 49ers said it was "too thick to drink, too thin to plow". In western Nebraska, the banks and riverbed of the Platte provide a green oasis amid an otherwise semi-arid region of North America. The central Platte River valley is an important stopover for migratory water birds, such as the whooping crane and sandhill crane, in their yearly traversal of the Central Flyway. Fossil evidence in the Platte River valley indicates this crane stopover has been active for over 10 million years.


title: Platte River

text: Since the mid-20th century, this river has shrunk significantly. This reduction in size is attributed in part to its waters being used for irrigation, and to a much greater extent to the waters diverted and used by the growing population of Colorado, which has outstripped the ability of its groundwater to sustain them.


title: Platte River

text: Varying cultures of indigenous peoples lived intermittently along the Platte for thousands of years before European exploration. Historical tribes claimed various territories in the region. The Indian tribes typically visited different areas in different seasons, as they followed the bison herds for hunting periods. The introduction of horses, which had escaped from early Spanish explorers in the 1540s, dramatically changed life in the Great Plains. Indian tribes could more easily follow the buffalo herds as they migrated from north to south and back. Before 1870, herds of several hundred thousand bison (buffalo) periodically migrated across the Platte in following seasonal grazing. The animals often waded or swam across the Platte. The first-known European to see the Platte was the French explorer Étienne de Veniard, sieur de Bourgmont in 1714, who named it the "Nebraskier", after its Oto name, meaning "flat water". The French later applied the French word "plate" (meaning flat, and pronounced "plat", or "platte") to the river.


title: Platte River

text: Occupied by various Indian tribes for part of each year, the Platte River territory had been claimed by both Spanish and French explorers trying to rule the Great Plains. Spain had "claimed" all of the Great Plains after Coronado's 1541–42 expedition. Jose Naranjo, an African-Hopi who served as a Spanish scout and explorer in the Southwest, was a war captain of the Spanish Indian auxiliaries. By 1714 (the same year the French explorers "discovered" the Platte), he and a small exploration group from the south had reportedly already reached the Platte three times. He later guided the 1720 Villasur expedition to the area in a Spanish effort to stop French expansion onto the Great Plains. Naranjo and Villasur's party made the most northern of Spanish exploration trips into the central plains. A Pawnee and Otoe Indian attack defeated the Spanish forces; the survivors returned to Santa Fe, New Mexico, and the Spanish left the Great Plains to the American Indians.


title: Platte River

text: As a result of the Seven Years' War (1756–1763) (called the French and Indian War in America), the French ceded all of their lands in North America east of the Mississippi River to the British. The Spanish took over lands west of the Mississippi River. Since there were few fur-bearing animals on the Platte of interest to the fur traders, the French and British explorers and fur trappers ignored the Platte territory for some time. During the course of the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815), France briefly reacquired the land west of the Mississippi River from Spain.


title: Platte River

text: In 1804, Napoleon sold the area west of the Mississippi River to the US in the Louisiana Purchase; the US roughly doubled its area at a cost of about $15,000,000. In 1820 the U.S. Army ordered Major Stephen H. Long to explore and map the area around the Platte. Long reported the area as a great American desert, despite its native inhabitants and wildlife, due to a lack of easily-cultivated land. As a result of his and other reports, the US initially had little interest in settling the land on the plains. The next "good" land was believed to be in Oregon or California, especially the coastal areas, and those were the destinations of most emigrant traffic. The Mormons settled Utah, largely due to religious persecution in eastern areas. Various gold and silver strikes attracted further emigration to nearly all western states.


title: Platte River

text: The Native American trail west along the Platte, North Platte River and Sweetwater River was first written about after its discovery in 1811 by Wilson Price Hunt of the Astor Expedition. He was returning to the Missouri River posts from the newly established Fort Astoria on the Columbia River near the Pacific Ocean. Because few American trappers and settlers were then in the contested Oregon Territory, his trail discovery was little used and nearly forgotten.


title: Platte River

text: In 1823 Jedediah Smith and several trappers "rediscovered" the route. The trail along the Platte, North Platte and Sweetwater rivers became a major route of fur traders to their summer Rocky Mountain Rendezvous. In 1824 fur trappers and traders directing mule trains carrying trade goods and supplies for the mountain men were some of the first European-American parties to use the trail. On their return trip, the fur traders carried out furs destined for eastern markets. The fur trade route was used to about 1840.


title: Platte River

text: By about 1832, the fur traders had improved the trail along the Platte, North Platte, and Sweetwater rivers to a rough wagon trail from the Missouri River to the Green River in Wyoming, where most of the Rocky Mountain Rendezvous were held. In 1834 Benjamin Bonneville, a U.S. Army officer on leave, led an expedition to the west financed by John Jacob Astor. They took wagons along the Platte, North Platte and Sweetwater River trail to the Green River in present-day Wyoming. The notable author Washington Irving wrote an account of Bonneville's explorations in the west that made him well known in the US.


title: Platte River

text: Following the fur traders, the major emigration trails established along the north and south banks of the Platte and North Platte River were the Oregon (1843–1869), California (1843–1869), Mormon (1847–1869) and the Bozeman (1863–68) trails. This network of trails, sometimes called the Emigrant Trails or the Great Platte River Road, all went west along both sides of the Platte River. The route along the Platte River included all these emigration trails and was developed as an important trail route used by migrant wagon trains for westward United States expansion after 1841. The settlement of the Oregon boundary dispute with Britain in 1846, the conclusion of the Mexican–American War in 1848, and the California Gold Rush in 1849 and other gold and silver strikes rapidly attracted increased emigrant traffic west.


title: Platte River

text: The Platte River in the future state of Nebraska and the North Platte River in Wyoming typically had many channels and islands. The waterways were often too shallow, crooked, muddy and unpredictable for a canoe to travel far. The Platte River valley provided an easily passable wagon corridor; it sloped gradually up in height as it went almost due west from the Missouri. The Platte route had access to water, grass, buffalo and buffalo 'chips,' which the Indians and emigrants used as fuel for fires. Long Native American use had created trails on both sides of the muddy, about wide and shallow Platte River. The Platte's water was silty and bad tasting, but it was usable if no other water was available. Emigrants learned to let it sit in a bucket for an hour or so to settle most of the silt. The trail(s) through the Platte River Valley extended about in the present state of Nebraska. Nearly all the trails from the Missouri converged on the Platte River at or before Fort Kearny in mid-state Nebraska. Historians have estimated about 400,000 emigrants followed the trails along the Platte.


title: Platte River

text: The Pony Express, operational from 1860–61, and the First Transcontinental Telegraph, completed in 1861, both followed the earlier emigrant trails along the Platte. The completion of the telegraph put the Pony Express out of business as it could provide much faster east–west communication. In 1866 the Union Pacific portion of the first Transcontinental Railroad was constructed along the Platte River as it started west from Omaha. In the 20th century, the Lincoln Highway and later Interstate 80 were constructed through the Platte valley. The highways parallel the Platte and the North Platte through much of Nebraska.


title: Platte River

text: Many of Nebraska’s larger cities originated on or near the Platte River, as it was the first path of transportation. These include Omaha (est. 1854), Fort Kearny (est. 1848), Grand Island (est. 1857) and North Platte (est. 1869). In 1859 settlers built the first irrigation ditch to divert water from the Platte for farming.


title: Platte River

text: The Platte is in the middle of the Central Flyway, a primary north–south corridor for migratory birds from their summer nesting grounds in the north (Alaska and Canada), south for the winter, and the return in the spring. The Central Flyway bird species include trumpeter swans, tundra swans, over one million Canada geese, greater white-fronted geese, sandhill cranes, canvasback ducks and others. Other species such as bald eagles, herons and several species of ducks migrate through the Platte River area but over shorter distances. The whooping crane, piping plover, and the interior least tern are birds using the flyway which have been classified as endangered and are protected under the Platte River Endangered Species Partnership.


title: Platte River

text: Common plants in the Platte River area are big and little bluestem, switch grass, and cottonwood trees. White-tail deer, many types of catfish, Canada geese, and bald eagles attract fans. The Platte River area has long supported many animals but recently, due to urbanization and farming causing loss of habitat, the numbers have declined. Canada geese have adapted to the farm fields and scavenge a large part of their fare from unharvested grain. Many have taken up residence at suburban office parks and stopped seasonal migrations.


title: Platte River

text: The Platte River flowing through an arid part of the mid-west has been widely overused. The claims on the Platte River water have exceeded the supply of water in drier years. The criteria for water over-appropriation, according to the final reading of LB 962, is that if the river basin, sub basin, or reach is subject to an interstate cooperative agreement among three or more states and if, prior to such date, the department has declared a moratorium on the issuance of new surface water appropriations in such river basin, sub basin or reach and has requested each natural resource district with jurisdiction in the affected area in such river basin, sub basin or reach either to close or to continue in effect a previously adopted closure of all or part of such river basin, sub basin, or reach to the issuance of additional water well permits in accordance with subdivision. Most of the Platte River basin is currently considered as overappropriated.


title: Platte River

text: Beginning in 2004, a number of Nebraska stakeholders embarked upon the Platte River Cooperative Hydrology Study (COHYST). Conducted with assistance from the United States Geological Survey and the Natural Resources Conservation Service, this study attempts to arrive at a better understanding of the geology and hydrology of the Platte River basin from the Colorado and Wyoming borders to Columbus, including the Loup basin. This improved understanding could be used to develop policies for management of the river system, both for human use and for the sake of the basin's endangered species. As of October 2009, the study is still ongoing.


title: Sienna

text: Sienna (from , meaning "Siena earth") is an earth pigment containing iron oxide and manganese oxide. In its natural state, it is yellowish brown and is called raw sienna. When heated, it becomes a reddish brown and is called burnt sienna. It takes its name from the city-state of Siena, where it was produced during the Renaissance. Along with ochre and umber, it was one of the first pigments to be used by humans, and is found in many cave paintings. Since the Renaissance, it has been one of the brown pigments most widely used by artists.


title: Sienna

text: Like the other earth colors, such as yellow ochre and umber, sienna is a clay containing iron oxide, called limonite, which in its natural state has a yellowish colour. In addition to iron oxide, natural or raw sienna also contains about five percent of manganese oxide, which makes it darker than ochre. When heated, the iron oxide is dehydrated and turns partially to haematite, which gives it a reddish-brown colour.


title: Sienna

text: Sienna is lighter in shade than raw umber, which is also clay with iron oxide, but which has a higher content of manganese (5 to 20 percent) which makes it greenish brown or dark brown. When heated, raw umber becomes burnt umber, a very dark brown.


title: Sienna

text: The pigment sienna was known and used, in its natural form, by the ancient Romans. It was mined near Arcidosso, formerly under Sienese control, now in the province of Grosseto, on Monte Amiata in southern Tuscany. It was called "terra rossa" (red earth), "terra gialla", or terra di Siena"." During the Renaissance, it was noted by the most widely read author about painting techniques, Giorgio Vasari, under the name terra rossa. It became, along with umber and yellow ochre, one of the standard browns used by artists from the 16th to 19th centuries, including Caravaggio (1571-1610) and Rembrandt (1606-1669), who used all the earth colors, including ochre, sienna and umber, in his palette.


title: Sienna

text: By the 1940s, the traditional sources in Italy were nearly exhausted. Much of today's sienna production is carried out in the Italian islands of Sardinia and Sicily, while other major deposits are found in the Appalachian Mountains, where it is often found alongside the region's iron deposits. It is also still produced in the French Ardennes, in the small town of Bonne Fontaine near Ecordal.


title: Sienna

text: In the 20th century, pigments began to be produced using synthetic iron oxide rather than the natural earth. The labels on paint tubes indicate whether they contain natural or synthetic ingredients. PY-43 indicates natural raw sienna, PR-102 indicates natural burnt sienna.


title: Sienna

text: There is no single agreed standard for the colour of sienna, and the name is used today for a wide variety of hues and shades. They vary by country and colour list, and there are many proprietary variations offered by paint companies. The colour box at the top of the article shows one variation from the ISCC-NBS colour list.


title: Sienna

text: Raw sienna is a yellowish-brown natural earth pigment, composed primarily of iron oxide hydroxide. The box shows the colour of the pigment in its natural, or raw state. It contains a large quantity of iron oxide and a small quantity (about five percent) of manganese oxide.


title: Sienna

text: This kind of pigment is known as yellow ochre, yellow earth, limonite, or terra gialla. The pigment name for natural raw sienna from the Colour Index International, shown on the labels of oil paints, is PY-43.


title: Sienna

text: Burnt sienna contains a large proportion of anhydrous iron oxide. It is made by heating raw sienna, which dehydrates the iron oxide, changing it partially to haematite, giving it rich reddish-brown colour.


title: Sienna

text: The pigment is also known as red earth, red ochre, and terra rossa. On the Colour Index International, the pigment is known as PR-102.


title: Sienna

text: This variation of burnt sienna is from the Maerz and Paul "A Dictionary of Color" from 1930. It is considerably lighter than most other versions of burnt sienna. It was a mix of burnt orange and raw sienna.


title: Sienna

text: This infobox shows the colour dark sienna. This variation is from the ISCC-NBS colour list. A similar dark sienna paint was frequently used on Bob Ross's TV show, "The Joy of Painting".


title: Nidhivan, Vrindavan

text: Nidhivan which means "Forest of Tulsi" is one of the sacred forest sites of Vrindavan. It is situated in the Mathura district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Nidhivan is considered as the most prominent site dedicated to the pastimes of Hindu deities Radha Krishna and their gopis. It is the common belief among devotees that Nidhivan still witnesses the Raslila (dance) of Radha and Krishna during night time and thus, nobody is allowed to stay inside the premises of Nidhivan at night.


title: Nidhivan, Vrindavan

text: The site has numerous Tulsi (Basil) plants which are short in height but found in pairs and have entangled trunks. Besides Tulsi plants, the premises houses a palace called "Rang Mahal" where it is believed that Radha Krishna spend their night after raslila, a temple called "Bansichor Radha" where Radha has stolen the flute of Krishna, a shrine dedicated to Swami Haridas who with his complete devotion made the idol of Banke Bihari appeared, Raas Leela Sthali where Raslila is performed and Lalita Kund which was believed to be made by Krishna himself when gopis asked for water amidst of Raslila.


title: Nidhivan, Vrindavan

text: Nidhivan is considered as one of the mysterious places of Vrindavan. It is a dense forest with the lush green trees. The interesting thing is that the barks of the trees are hollow and the land is absolutely dry, but the tree remains loaded with green leaves throughout the year. All the trees are in bending position towards the ground. The common belief is that these trees of Tulsi turn into gopis in the night for performing Raslila. Every Tulsi plant in the premises are found in pairs signifying the pair of Gopi and Krishna.


title: Nidhivan, Vrindavan

text: Rang Mahal is another temple in Nidhivan, known as the place where Radha Rani is adorned by Krishna with his own hands. It is strongly believed by devotees that every night Radha Krishna themselves come to this palace to take rest. The temple has sandalwood beds for resting. Every evening, before closing the temple gates, the temple priests makes the bed, places ornaments like bangles, flowers and clothes for RadhaRani, leaves Neem Twigs (for brushing teeth), Sweets, Paan (Betel leaves) and a jar full of water beside the bed of Radha Krishna. After all the arrangements done by priests, the main door of the Rang Mahal and Nidhivan are locked from outside and unlocked only in the morning. But every morning, they found that the bed looks as if it has been slept in, Neem twigs looks used and Sweets and Betel leaves looks partially eaten by someone. Also, the bangles, flowers and clothes placed for Radharani looks disordered and disarranged.


title: Nidhivan, Vrindavan

text: No one is allowed inside the premises of the temple after the sun sets down. It is believed that Radha-Krishna come to the temple every night to rest. Anyone who has tried to see what happens in the night either dies, goes blind or lose their mental balance. Although the houses built in the vicinity of Nidhivan have access to the view of the area but no one dares to attempt to do so. Many people who live in the vicinity have sealed their windows with bricks and those who have an open window, also closes them down after the final bell of the evening aarti. Many of them also claimed to hear the sounds of anklet coming from Nidhivan in night. Even the monkeys leave the Nidhivan temple after evening aarti.


title: Nidhivan, Vrindavan

text: Nidhivan is also considered as the place of appearance of Banke Bihari. It is said that Vrindavan saint Swami Haridas with his sheer devotion and dedication pleased the divine couple Radha Krishna and they appeared in front of him. Later, both Radha and Krishna combined into one single form called Banke Bihari to stay with Haridas Thakur. For few years, Banke Bihari was worshiped in Nidhivan and then they were enshrined in separate temple and the temple is named Banke Bihari Temple.


Wet Hot American Summer: Ten Years Later is a satirical comedy streaming television miniseries set in 1991 in a summer camp and New York City.


title: Wet Hot American Summer: Ten Years Later

text: Created by David Wain and Michael Showalter and directed by Wain, the Netflix series is part of the "Wet Hot American Summer" franchise, following Wain's 2001 film "Wet Hot American Summer" and the 2015 prequel television series "". The series consists of eight episodes, and was released on August 4, 2017.


text: The series holds a score of 77% on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 26 reviews, with an average rating of 6.61/10. The site's critic consensus states: "By owning its own ridiculousness, "10 Years Later" is a fan-pleasing addition to the cult classic series." Metacritic reports a score of 67 out of 100, based on 12 critics.


text: Reviewing for "Vulture", Jen Chaney described the series as "basically eight episodes of unabashed retro-fueled silliness that has no interest in trying to make anything resembling sense as far as of plot or continuity is concerned. [...] I mean that as a compliment." David Sims of "The Atlantic" criticized the "dialed back" humor and felt that ""Ten Years Later" will appeal to fans who just want to see everyone get back together, only this time dressed in goofy ’90s outfits."


title: The Caucasian Chalk Circle

text: The Caucasian Chalk Circle () is a play by the German modernist playwright Bertolt Brecht. An example of Brecht's epic theatre, the play is a parable about a peasant girl who rescues a baby and becomes a better mother than the baby's wealthy biological parents.


title: The Caucasian Chalk Circle

text: The play was written in 1944 while Brecht was living in the United States. It was translated into English by Brecht's friend and admirer Eric Bentley and its world premiere was a student production at Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota, in 1948. Its first professional production was at the Hedgerow Theatre, Philadelphia, directed by Bentley. Its German premiere by the Berliner Ensemble was on October 7, 1954, at the Theater am Schiffbauerdamm in Berlin.


title: The Caucasian Chalk Circle

text: "The Caucasian Chalk Circle" is one of Brecht's most celebrated works and one of the most regularly performed 'German' plays. It reworks Brecht's earlier short story "Der Augsburger Kreidekreis." Both derive from the 14th-century Chinese play "The Chalk Circle" by Li Xingdao.


title: The Caucasian Chalk Circle

text: Brecht, in his typical anti-realist style, uses the device of a "play within a play". The "frame" play is set in the Soviet Union around the end of the Second World War. It shows a dispute between two communes, the Collective Fruit Farm Galinsk fruit growing commune and the Collective Goat Farmers, over who is to own and manage an area of farm land after the Nazis have retreated from a village and left it abandoned. A parable has been organised by one group, an old folk tale, to be played out to cast light on the dispute. The Singer, Arkadi Tcheidse, arrives with his band of musicians, then tells the peasants the parable, which forms the main narrative, and intertwines throughout much of the play. The Singer often takes on the thoughts of characters, enhances the more dramatic scenes with stronger narration than simple dialogue, and is responsible for most scene and time changes. Often the role is accompanied by several "musicians" (which incorporate music into the play itself) that help the Singer keep the play running smoothly. At the end he states that the land should go to those who will use it most productively, the fruit growers, and not those who had previous ownership.


title: The Caucasian Chalk Circle

text: The Singer's story begins with Governor Georgi Abashwili and his wife Natella blatantly ignoring the citizens on the way to Easter Mass. The Singer shows us the show's antagonist, Arsen Kazbeki, the Fat Prince. He sucks up to the pair and remarks how their new child Michael is "a governor from head to toe." They enter the church, leaving the peasants behind. Next to be introduced is the heroine Grusha Vashnadze, a maid to the governor's wife. Grusha, while carrying a goose for the Easter meal, meets a soldier, Simon Shashava, who reveals he has watched her bathe in the rivers. She storms off enraged.


title: The Caucasian Chalk Circle

text: The Singer continues the story as the soldier contacts two architects for the Governor's new mansion, the Ironshirts, gestapo-esque guards, turn on him. The Fat Prince has orchestrated a coup and is now in control. The Governor is quickly beheaded. Simon finds Grusha and proposes, giving her his silver cross. Grusha accepts. Simon runs off to fulfill his duty to the Governor's wife, who has been foolishly packing clothing for the "trip", caring nothing for the loss of her husband. She is carried off, away from the flaming city of Nuhka and inadvertently leaves her son, Michael, behind. Grusha is left with the boy and, after seeing the Governor's head nailed to the church door, takes him with her to the mountains. Music is often incorporated throughout much of this scene with the aid of the Singer, musicians, and possibly Grusha, as Brecht includes actual "songs" within the text.


title: The Caucasian Chalk Circle

text: The Singer opens the scene with an air of escape. At the beginning of this act Grusha is seen trying to escape but has to stop to get milk for the baby, Michael, and is forced to buy milk expensively from an old man who claims his goats have been taken away by the soldiers. This encounter slows her and she is followed shortly by the Ironshirts. Grusha then finds a home for Michael to stay in. Abandoning him on the doorstep, he is adopted by a peasant woman. Grusha has mixed emotions about this, which change when she meets a perverted Corporal and Ironshirts who are looking for the child. He suspects something about her, and Grusha is forced to knock him out to save Michael. She wearily retreats to her brother's mountain farm. Lavrenti, Grusha's brother, fabricates a story to his jealous wife Aniko, claiming that Michael Abashwili is Grusha's child and she is on her way to find the father's farm.


title: The Caucasian Chalk Circle

text: Grusha catches scarlet fever and lives there for quite some time. Rumours spread in the village, and Lavrenti convinces Grusha to marry a dying peasant, Jussup, in order to quell them. She reluctantly agrees. Guests arrive at the wedding–funeral, including the Singer and musicians, which act as the hired musicians for the event, and gossip endlessly. It is revealed that the Grand Duke is overthrowing the princes and the civil war has finally ended, and no one can be drafted anymore. At this, the supposedly dead villager Jussup returns to "life", and it becomes clear he was only "ill" when the possibility of being drafted was present. Grusha finds herself married. For months, Grusha's new husband tries to make her a 'real wife' by consummating the marriage, but she refuses.


title: The Caucasian Chalk Circle

text: Years pass, and Simon finds Grusha while washing clothes in the river. They have a sweet exchange before Simon jokingly asks if she has found another man. Grusha struggles to tell him she has unwillingly married, then Simon spots Michael. The following scene between the two is told predominantly by the Singer, who speaks for each of the two characters. However, Ironshirts arrive carrying Michael in, and ask Grusha if she is his mother, she says that she is, and Simon leaves distraught. The Governor's Wife wants the child back and Grusha must go to court back in Nukha. The Singer ends the act with questions about Grusha's future, and reveals that there is another story we must learn: the story of Azdak. If an intermission is used, this is generally where it is placed.


title: The Caucasian Chalk Circle

text: The scene opens as if a different play entirely, yet set within the same war setting, is beginning. The Singer introduces another hero named Azdak. Azdak shelters a "peasant" and protects him from authorities by a demonstration of convoluted logic. He later realises that he sheltered the Grand Duke himself; since he thinks the rebellion is an uprising against the government itself, he turns himself in for his "class treason". But the rebellion isn't a populist one – in fact, the princes are trying to suppress a populist rebellion occurring as a result of their own – and Azdak renounces his revolutionary ideas to keep the Ironshirts from killing him as a radical.


title: The Caucasian Chalk Circle

text: The Fat Prince enters, looking to secure the Ironshirts' support in making his nephew a new judge. Azdak suggests they hold a mock trial to test him; the Fat Prince agrees. Azdak plays the accused in the trial – the Grand Duke. He makes several very successful jabs against the Princes' corruption, and amuses the Ironshirts enough that they appoint him instead of the Fat Prince's nephew: "The judge was always a chancer; now let a chancer be the judge!"


title: The Caucasian Chalk Circle

text: Azdak remains himself on the bench. He uses a large law book as a pillow to sit on. What follows is a series of short scenes, interspersed by the "song" of the Singer, in which he judges in favor of the poor, the oppressed, and good-hearted bandits; in one set of cases in which all the plaintiffs and the accused are corrupt, he passes a completely nonsensical set of judgments. But it doesn't last forever; the Grand Duke returns to power, the Fat Prince is beheaded, and Azdak is about to be hanged by the Grand Duke's Ironshirts when a pardon arrives appointing "a certain Azdak of Nuka" as a judge in gratitude for "saving a life essential to the realm", i.e. the Grand Duke's own. "His Honour Azdak is now His Honour Azdak;" the wife of the beheaded governor instantly dislikes him, but decides he'll be needed for the trial in which she'll recover her son from Grusha. The act closes with Azdak obsequious and afraid for his life, promising to restore Michael to the Governor's Wife, behead Grusha, and do whatever else the Governor's Wife wants: "It will all be arranged as you order, your Excellency. As you order."


title: The Caucasian Chalk Circle

text: We have returned to Grusha's story. We meet Grusha in court, supported by a former cook of the Governor and Simon Shashava, who will swear he is the father of the boy. Natella Abashvili comes in with two lawyers, who each reassure her things will be taken care of. Azdak is beaten by Ironshirts, who is told he is an enemy of the state. A rider comes in with a proclamation, stating the Grand Duke has reappointed Azdak as a judge. Azdak is cleaned up and the trial begins. The trial, however, does not begin with Grusha and the Governor's wife, but with a very elderly married couple who wishes to divorce. Azdak is unable to make a decision on this case, so he sets it aside to hear the next case on the docket.


title: The Caucasian Chalk Circle

text: The prosecution comes forth and liberally bribes Azdak in hopes of swinging the verdict. It is revealed that Natella only wants the child because all the estate and finances of the Governor are tied to her heir and cannot be accessed without him. Grusha's defense does not go over well, as it develops into her and Simon insulting Azdak for taking bribes. Azdak fines them for this but, after consideration, claims he can't find the true mother. He decides that he will have to devise a test. A circle of chalk is drawn, and Michael is placed in the center. The true mother, Azdak states, will be able to pull the child from the center. If they both pull, they will tear the child in half and get half each. The test begins but (akin to the Judgment of Solomon) Grusha refuses to pull as she cannot bear to hurt Michael. Azdak gives her one more chance, but again she cannot pull Michael. During this dilemma, a poignant song is sung by the Singer as a reflection of Grusha's thoughts toward Michael. The others on stage cannot hear this, but they feel the overwhelming emotion through Grusha. Azdak declares that Grusha is the true mother, as she loves Michael too much to be able to hurt him. The Governor's wife is told that the estates shall fall to the city and be made into a garden for children called "Azdak's Garden". Simon pays Azdak his fine. Azdak tells the old couple he shall divorce them, but "accidentally" divorces Grusha and the peasant man, leaving her free to marry Simon. Everyone dances off happily as Azdak disappears. The Singer remarks upon Azdak's wisdom and notes that in the ending, everyone got what they deserved.


title: The Caucasian Chalk Circle

text: Brecht wrote a number of 'songs' as part of the piece, and one of its main characters is called the "Singer". In 1944 the production was scored by Paul Dessau. Though there is no officially published score, the show is generally played with original music and songs performed by the cast. Many composers have created unique original scores for "The Caucasian Chalk Circle". One score performed regularly is by American composer Mark Nichols, who based his music on traditional Georgian folk harmonies in polyphony. Georgian composer Giya Kancheli made an iconic score for the production of Rustaveli Theatre in Tbilisi.


title: The Caucasian Chalk Circle

text: Brecht made a crucial change from the Chinese play which was his source. In it, it is the child's birth mother who lets go and wins custody of the child. Near the end of the prologue, the Singer says that this is an old story of Chinese origin, but with a modern re-write.


title: The Caucasian Chalk Circle

text: The play is sometimes played without the prologue, and it was always played that way in the US during the McCarthy era. (The first US production to include the prologue was in 1965.) There is some dispute about how integral the prologue is to Brecht's conception of the play. Some claim that he regarded it as an integral part of his play, and it was present in the earliest drafts. Others claim that it was only included in later drafts. However, there is agreement that he originally intended to set in the 1930s, but later updated it.


title: The Caucasian Chalk Circle

text: The setting of the play is clearly Georgia in the Caucasus, although it is described as "Grusinia" (a Russian variant name) in the main play. Most of the characters have Georgian names, and Tiflis and the poet Mayakovsky are mentioned in the prologue. However the city where much of the action takes place, Nuka, is in modern Azerbaijan, although it was under Georgian rule for a time in the Middle Ages. There are also Iranian elements in the play, including the name of the character Azdak, who says he comes from there.


title: The Caucasian Chalk Circle

text: Brecht did not necessarily intend his play to be a realistic portrayal of either contemporary or medieval Georgia. Even in the Soviet Union, some people found it more German than Russian or Georgian, and pointed out that it did not accurately portray the decision-making procedures in Soviet agriculture.


title: Ashley Tisdale filmography

text: American actress Ashley Tisdale has appeared in many motion pictures and television programs since starting her career in 1988. Tisdale made her acting debut at age 12 with small roles in the 1997 television series "Smart Guy" and "7th Heaven". A year later, she had her first voice role in the feature film "A Bug's Life". In the following years, she had small roles in television shows such as "Beverly Hills, 90210" (2000), "The Amanda Show"(2000), Charmed (1998) in the third season (episode 21), as a runaway teen, "The Hughleys" (2002), "Still Standing" (2003) and "Boston Public "(2000). Her performance in the last earned her a Young Artist Award nomination for "Best Performance in a Television Drama Series." She was eventually cast in her first main role in Disney Channel's "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody" in 2005, which had three seasons (2005–2008).


title: Ashley Tisdale filmography

text: Tisdale's breakthrough role came in the 2006 television movie "High School Musical", which became Disney Channel's most-watched movie that year. The "High School Musical" series became a successful franchise which included the second television movie "High School Musical 2" (2007), a feature film "" (2008), and a spin-off movie "Sharpay's Fabulous Adventure" (2011). She has a main role in "Phineas & Ferb" (2007–2015), which became television's most-watched animated series among kids and tweens and had very positive reviews, and had guest appearances in "Kim Possible" (2007), "Family Guy" (2009), "The Cleveland Show" (2009), "Glenn Martin, DDS" (2009) and "Fish Hooks" (2009).


title: Ashley Tisdale filmography

text: In 2010, Tisdale made her return to broadcast television. She had a leading role in the CW's series "Hellcats" (2010–2011) and minor roles in "Sons of Anarchy" (2012), "Raising Hope" (2012), "Super Fun Night" (2013) and "The Crazy Ones" (2013). In 2013, Tisdale starred in the feature film "Scary Movie 5".


title: Ashley Tisdale filmography

text: She has also worked as an executive producer in films and television shows, including "Picture This" (2008) and "Sharpay's Fabulous Adventure" (2011), a television reality show "Miss Advised" (2012) and the Disney Channel Original movie, "Cloud 9" (2014), among other projects.


title: Fritz Sauckel

text: Ernst Friedrich Christoph "Fritz" Sauckel (27 October 1894 – 16 October 1946) was a German Nazi politician, "Gauleiter" of Gau Thuringia from 1927 and the General Plenipotentiary for Labour Deployment ("Arbeitseinsatz") from March 1942 until the end of the Second World War. Sauckel was among the 24 persons accused in the Nuremberg Trial of the Major War Criminals before the International Military Tribunal. He was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity, sentenced to death, and executed by hanging.


title: Fritz Sauckel

text: Sauckel was born in Haßfurt (Kingdom of Bavaria), the only child of a postman and a seamstress. Sauckel attended the local "volksschule" and the gymnasium in Schweinfurt, leaving in 1909 without graduating when his mother fell ill. He joined the merchant marine of Norway and Sweden when he was 15, first on a Norwegian three-masted schooner, and later on Swedish and German vessels. Starting off as a cabin boy, he went on to sail throughout the world, rising to the rank of "Vollmatrose" (able seaman). At the outbreak of World War I, he was on a German vessel en route to Australia when the vessel was captured by French naval forces. He was subsequently interned as an enemy alien in France from August 1914 until 20 October 1919. While interned, he studied mathematics, languages and economics.


title: Fritz Sauckel

text: When released, he returned to Germany and found factory work for the next few years in Schweinfurt as an apprentice locksmith and toolmaker in the Kugelfischer ball bearing works. In 1919 he joined the "Deutschvölkischer Schutz- und Trutzbund ", the largest and most influential anti-Semitic organization in Weimar Germany. He served as its local manager for Lower Franconia until 1921. Moving to Thuringia, he studied engineering at a technical school in Ilmenau from 1922 to 1923 but was expelled for his political activities.


title: Fritz Sauckel

text: Sauckel joined the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in January 1923 (member 1,395) and cofounded an "Ortsgruppe" (Local Group) in Ilmenau, serving as its "Ortsgruppenführer". He also enrolled in the SA, the party’s paramilitary organization. He planned a “March on Berlin” with about 80 followers in conjunction with Adolf Hitler’s Beer Hall Putsch in Munich on 9 November 1923. However, he and 22 followers were arrested and briefly detained in Coburg before the march could get under way. Despite the forced dissolution of the party in the wake of the failed "putsch", Sauckel remained active in political activities, establishing a right wing organization called "Bund Teja", giving speeches, founding an SA front organization in Thuringia named "Deutscher Wanderverein" and serving as the "Bezirksleiter" (District Leader) for Thuringerwald. He also became in 1924 the publisher of a small newspaper in Ilmenau, which in 1925 would merge with another paper and develop into the official organ of the Party in Thuringia, "Der Nationalsozialist". Published in Weimar, he would serve as its editor from 1927 until 1945. Sauckel thus established his credentials as an "Alter Kämpfer" (old fighter) with whom Hitler always retained strong bonds of loyalty. In 1924 he married Elisabeth Wetzel, with whom he had ten children.


title: Fritz Sauckel

text: After the ban on the party was lifted, Sauckel became the business manager for Gau Thuringia under "Gauleiter" Artur Dinter in March 1925 and formally rejoined the party on 6 April. On 6 February 1927, he was also named Deputy "Gauleiter" and Gau "Organisationsleiter", in charge of personnel issues. Sauckel succeeded Dinter as "Gauleiter" of Thuringia on 30 September 1927 and would retain this position until the end of the Nazi regime.


title: Fritz Sauckel

text: On 8 December 1929, Sauckel was elected to the Landtag of Thuringia as one of six Nazi deputies that would hold the balance of power there between the leftist (24) and center-right (23) parties. On 23 January 1930, a coalition government took office in Thuringia which for the first time in Germany included Nazi ministers, Wilhelm Frick and Willy Marschler. Sauckel, though not included as a State cabinet minister, became the leader of the Nazi faction in the "Landtag". Following the 31 July 1932 election, the Nazis captured 42.5% of the votes and 26 seats, and Sauckel became the new Leading Minister of State (equivalent to Minister-President) as well as the interior minister from which portfolio he controlled all the State police and security apparatus.


title: Fritz Sauckel

text: Following Hitler's appointment as Chancellor of Germany on 30 January 1933, Sauckel was appointed to the new position of "Reichsstatthalter" (Reich Governor) of Thuringia on 5 May 1933, a post he would retain until May 1945. The new post was created to provide more centralized control over the State governments. On 8 May he left the Thuringian cabinet and was succeeded by Willy Marschler. On 9 November 1933 Sauckel was promoted to SA-"Gruppenführer" and on 12 November he was elected to the "Reichstag" from electoral constituency 12 (Thuringia).


title: Fritz Sauckel

text: On 9 September 1934, Sauckel joined the SS as an SS-"Gruppenführer" at the invitation of Heinrich Himmler and was assigned to SS-"Oberabschnitte Mitte" (Senior Section Central) based in Weimar until 1 April 1936 when he was transferred to the staff of the "Reichsführer-SS". Upon the death of Wilhelm Friedrich Loeper Sauckel was appointed to succeed him as the acting "Reichsstatthalter" of both Anhalt and Brunswick from 30 November 1935 to 20 April 1937. On 23 January 1937 Sauckel was made the head of the Main Office for the Four Year Plan in Thuringia. He was also given an honorary rank of SA-"Obergruppenführer" on 9 November 1937.