title: Gokusen

text: The manga was adapted into a three-season television drama, with Yukie Nakama in the title role, which was broadcast on Nippon TV from 2002 to 2008, followed by a , which premiered in 2009. The manga was also adapted into a 13-episode anime television series by Madhouse, which was broadcast on Nippon TV in 2004. The anime series was licensed in North America by Media Blasters.


title: Gokusen

text: Kumiko Yamaguchi is the granddaughter of a "yakuza" boss, Kuroda of the Kuroda Ikka. Her parents died when she was at the age of seven, and her grandfather had no other descendants, so Kumiko is next in line to head the family business with the title of . However, her lifelong dream has been to become a teacher. While her grandfather approves of her choice, others in the family want her to become the next boss.


title: Gokusen

text: Kumiko becomes home teacher of class 4-2 in mathematics at an all-boys private high school, where she is known as "Yankumi". Her class is full of delinquents, but she tries her hardest to teach them not just academically, but about lessons of life. Though she is forced to keep her family a secret from the public, her "yakuza" upbringing gives her the strength and the experience to reach out to her students, while also providing comedic situations.


title: Gokusen

text: Written and illustrated by Kozueko Morimoto, "Gokusen" was serialized in Shueisha's manga magazine "You" from 2000 to 2007. Shueisha collected its chapters in fifteen "wideban" volumes, released from August 23, 2000, to April 19, 2007.


title: Gokusen

text: A sequel, (or "Gokusen 2008"), was published in "You" from December 28, 2007, to August 1, 2009. These chapters were collected in a single volume, released on January 19, 2010.


title: Gokusen

text: The first 12-episode season of "Gokusen" was broadcast in Japan on Nippon TV from April 17 to July 3, 2002. It was followed by a special episode, which aired on March 26, 2003. The theme song is "" by V6. The first season was broadcast with English subtitles in the United States on KSCI in 2003.


title: Gokusen

text: The second 10-episode season of "Gokusen", "Gokusen 2", was broadcast on Nippon TV from January 15 to March 19, 2005. The theme song is "" by D-51. It also includes an insert song,


title: Gokusen

text: The third 11-episode season of "Gokusen", "Gokusen 3", was broadcast on Nippon TV from April 19 to June 28, 2008. It was followed by a special episode, which aired on March 28, 2009. The theme song is by Aqua Timez. It also includes an insert song, , by Hey! Say! JUMP's Yuya Takaki, who portrayed the exclusive drama character Yamato Ogata.


title: Gokusen

text: The "Gokusen" television drama was followed and concluded by a theatrical film, "Gokusen: The Movie", which premiered in Japan on July 11, 2009.


title: Gokusen

text: A 13-episode anime television series adaptation by Madhouse and directed by Yuzo Sato, was broadcast on Nippon TV from January 7 to March 31, 2004. The opening theme is by Foot Stamp, and the ending theme is by Aki Yashiro.


title: Gokusen

text: The series was licensed for English release in North America by Media Blasters, who released it on three DVDs, under its Anime Works imprint, from October 12, 2004, to March 1, 2005. The series aired in the United States on Encore WAM in 2006.


title: Gokusen

text: The "Gokusen" television drama was popular in Japan. The first season had average viewer ratings of 17.4% in 2002, while the second season jumped to 28.0% in average ratings in 2005. The last season had average viewer ratings of 22.8%, the highest average rating among other TV dramas that aired around the time.


title: Gokusen

text: In "The Dorama Encyclopedia: A Guide to Japanese TV Drama Since 1953", by Jonathan Clements and Motoko Tamamuro, they wrote: ""Gokusen" begins in the style of "GTO", but soon veers off course into a criminal variant of "Romeo and Juliet". Though probably rushed into production in the wake of "The Sopranos", the series has a local pedigree as well, with resemblances to earlier shows such as "" and "The Quiet Don"".


title: Gokusen

text: The anime series was also frequently compared to Tooru Fujisawa's "Great Teacher Onizuka". AnimeNation's John Oppliger wrote that the conflict between Kumiko's "masculine personality" and the Japanese cultural norms, trying to "conform her into a typical contemporary Japanese woman", resulted in an "enjoyable, humorous drama". Oppliger also praised the "subtle elements of yakuza movie", including the "enka" ending animation, which "added an additional level of charm to the show".


title: Ode to the West Wind

text: "Ode to the West Wind" is an ode, written by Percy Bysshe Shelley in 1819 in Cascine wood near Florence, Italy. It was originally published in 1820 by Charles Ollier in London as part of the collection "Prometheus Unbound, A Lyrical Drama in Four Acts, With Other Poems". Perhaps more than anything else, Shelley wanted his message of reform and revolution spread, and the wind becomes the trope for spreading the word of change through the poet-prophet figure. Some also believe that the poem was written in response to the loss of his son, William (born to Mary Shelley) in 1819. The ensuing pain influenced Shelley. The poem allegorises the role of the poet as the voice of change and revolution. At the time of composing this poem, Shelley without doubt had the Peterloo Massacre of August 1819 in mind. His other poems written at the same time—"The Masque of Anarchy", "Prometheus Unbound", and "England in 1819"—take up these same themes of political change, revolution, and role of the poet.


title: Ode to the West Wind

text: In ancient Greek tradition, an ode was considered a form of formal public invocation. It was usually a poem with a complex structure and was chanted or sung on important religious or state ceremonies. According to Harold Bloom, "Ode to the West Wind" reflects two types of ode traditions: odes written by Pindar and the Horatian ode. The odes of Pindar were exalted in tone and celebrated human accomplishments, whereas the Horatian odes were personal and contemplative rather than public. Shelley combines the two elements in this poem. In the English tradition, the ode was more of a "vehicle for expressing the sublime, lofty thoughts of intellectual and spiritual concerns". This purpose is also reflected in Shelley's ode.


title: Ode to the West Wind

text: "Ode to the West Wind" consists of five sections (cantos) written in terza rima. Each section consists of four tercets (ABA, BCB, CDC, DED) and a rhyming couplet (EE). The ode is written in iambic pentameter.


title: Ode to the West Wind

text: The poem begins with three sections describing the wind's effects upon earth, air, and ocean. In the last two sections, the poet speaks directly to the wind, asking for its power, to lift him up and make him its companion in its wanderings. The poem ends with an optimistic note which is that if winter days are here then spring is not very far.


title: Ode to the West Wind

text: The poem can be divided in two parts: the first three cantos are about the qualities of the Wind and each ends with the invocation "Oh hear!" The last two cantos give a relation between the Wind and the speaker. Each canto of the poem has its own theme which connects to the central idea.


title: Ode to the West Wind

text: The first stanza begins with the alliteration "wild West Wind" (line 1). The form of the apostrophe makes the wind also a personification. However, one must not think of this ode as an optimistic praise of the wind; it is clearly associated with autumn. The first few lines contain personification elements, such as "leaves dead" (2), the aspect of death being highlighted by the inversion which puts "dead" (2) at the end of the line. These leaves haunt as "ghosts" (3) that flee from something that panics them.


title: Ode to the West Wind

text: "chariotest" (6) is the second person singular. The "corpse within its grave" (8) in the next line is in contrast to the "azure sister of the Spring" (9)—a reference to the east wind—whose "living hues and odours" (12) evoke a strong contrast to the colours of the fourth line of the poem that evoke death. In the last line of this canto the west wind is considered the "Destroyer" (14) because it drives the last signs of life from the trees, and the "Preserver" (14) for scattering the seeds which will come to life in the spring,


title: Ode to the West Wind

text: The second canto of the poem is much more fluid than the first one. The sky's "clouds"(16) are "like earth's decaying leaves" (16). They are a reference to the second line of the first canto ("leaves dead", 2).They also are numerous in number like the dead leaves. Through this reference the landscape is recalled again. The "clouds" (16) are "Shook from the tangled boughs of Heaven and Ocean" (17). This probably refers to the fact that the line between the sky and the stormy sea is indistinguishable and the whole space from the horizon to the zenith is covered with trailing storm clouds. The "clouds" can also be seen as "Angels of rain" (18). In a biblical way, they may be messengers that bring a message from heaven down to earth through rain and lightning. These two natural phenomena with their "fertilizing and illuminating power" bring a change.


title: Ode to the West Wind

text: Line 21 begins with "Of some fierce Maenad" and again the west wind is part of the second canto of the poem; here he is two things at once: first he is "dirge/Of the dying year" (23–24) and second he is "a prophet of tumult whose prediction is decisive"; a prophet who does not only bring "black rain, and fire, and hail" (28), but who "will burst" (28) it. The "locks of the approaching storm" (23) are the messengers of this bursting: the "clouds".


title: Ode to the West Wind

text: Shelley also mentions that when the West Wind blows, it seems to be singing a funeral song about the year coming to an end and that the sky covered with a dome of clouds looks like a "sepulchre", i.e., a burial chamber or grave for the dying year or the year which is coming to an end.


title: Ode to the West Wind

text: Shelley in this canto "expands his vision from the earthly scene with the leaves before him to take in the vaster commotion of the skies". This means that the wind is now no longer at the horizon and therefore far away, but he is exactly above us. The clouds now reflect the image of the swirling leaves; this is a parallelism that gives evidence that we lifted "our attention from the finite world into the macrocosm". The "clouds" can also be compared with the leaves; but the clouds are more unstable and bigger than the leaves and they can be seen as messengers of rain and lightning as it was mentioned above.


title: Ode to the West Wind

text: This refers to the effect of west wind in the water. The question that comes up when reading the third canto at first is what the subject of the verb "saw" (33) could be. On the one hand there is the "blue Mediterranean" (30). With the "Mediterranean" as subject of the canto, the "syntactical movement" is continued and there is no break in the fluency of the poem; it is said that "he lay, / Lull'd by the coil of his crystalline streams, / Beside a pumice isle in Baiae's bay, / And saw in sleep old palaces and towers" (30–33). On the other hand, it is also possible that the lines of this canto refer to the "wind" again. Then the verb that belongs to the "wind" as subject is not "lay", but the previous line of this canto, that says Thou who didst waken ... And saw" (29, 33). But whoever—the "Mediterranean" or the "wind"—"saw" (33) the question remains whether the city one of them saw, is real and therefore a reflection on the water of a city that really exists on the coast; or the city is just an illusion. Pirie is not sure of that either. He says that it might be "a creative you interpretation of the billowing seaweed; or of the glimmering sky reflected on the heaving surface". Both possibilities seem to be logical. To explain the appearance of an underwater world, it might be easier to explain it by something that is realistic; and that might be that the wind is able to produce illusions on the water. With its pressure, the wind "would waken the appearance of a city". From what is known of the "wind" from the last two cantos, it became clear that the wind is something that plays the role of a Creator. Whether the wind creates real things or illusions does not seem to be that important.


title: Ode to the West Wind

text: Baiae's bay (at the northern end of the Gulf of Naples) actually contains visible Roman ruins underwater (that have been shifted due to earthquakes.) Obviously the moss and flowers are seaweed.


title: Ode to the West Wind

text: It appears as if the third canto shows—in comparison with the previous cantos—a turning-point. Whereas Shelley had accepted death and changes in life in the first and second canto, he now turns to "wistful reminiscence [, recalls] an alternative possibility of transcendence". From line 26 to line 36 he gives an image of nature. But if we look closer at line 36, we realise that the sentence is not what it appears to be at first sight, because it obviously means, so sweet that one feels faint in describing them. This shows that the idyllic picture is not what it seems to be and that the harmony will certainly soon be destroyed. A few lines later, Shelley suddenly talks about "fear" (41). This again shows the influence of the west wind which announces the change of the season.


title: Ode to the West Wind

text: Whereas the cantos one to three began with "O wild West Wind" and "Thou" (15, 29) and were clearly directed to the wind, there is a change in the fourth canto. The focus is no more on the "wind", but on the speaker who says "If I ..." (43–44). Until this part, the poem has appeared very anonymous and was only concentrated on the wind and its forces so that the author of the poem was more or less forgotten. Pirie calls this "the suppression of personality" which finally vanishes at that part of the poem. It becomes more and more clear that what the author talks about now is himself. That this must be true, shows the frequency of the author's use of the first-person pronouns "I" (43–44, 48, 51, 54), "my" (48, 52), and "me" (53). These pronouns appear nine times in the fourth canto. Certainly the author wants to dramatise the atmosphere so that the reader recalls the situation of canto one to three. He achieves this by using the same pictures of the previous cantos in this one. Whereas these pictures, such as "leaf", "cloud", and "wave" have existed only together with the wind, they are now existing with the author. The author thinks about being one of them and says "If I were a . . ." (43 ff.). Shelley here identifies himself with the wind, although he knows that he cannot do that, because it is impossible for someone to put all the things he has learned from life aside and enter a "world of innocence". That Shelley is deeply aware of his closedness in life and his identity shows his command in line 53. There he says "Oh, lift me up as a wave, a leaf, a cloud" (53). He knows that this is something impossible to achieve, but he does not stop praying for it. The only chance Shelley sees to make his prayer and wish for a new identity with the Wind come true is by pain or death, as death leads to rebirth. So, he wants to "fall upon the thorns of life" and "bleed" (54).


title: Ode to the West Wind

text: At the end of the canto the poet tells us that "a heavy weight of hours has chain'd and bow'd" (55). This may be a reference to the years that have passed and "chained and bowed" (55) the hope of the people who fought for freedom and were literally imprisoned. With this knowledge, the West Wind becomes a different meaning. The wind is the "uncontrollable" (47) who is "tameless" (56). This canto also sounds like a kind of prayer or confession of the poet, yet does not address God. Shelley was a staunch atheist and one of the characteristics of Romanticism is equating nature with divinity, with the West Wind taking on the role of God.


title: Ode to the West Wind

text: Shelley also changes his use of metaphors in this canto. In the first cantos the wind was a metaphor explained at full length. Now the metaphors are only weakly presented—"the thorns of life" (54). Shelley also leaves out the fourth element: the fire. In the previous cantos he wrote about the earth, the air and the water. The reader now expects the fire—but it is not there. This leads to a break in the symmetry.


title: Ode to the West Wind

text: Again and again the wind is very important in this last canto. At the beginning of the poem the wind was only capable of blowing the leaves from the trees. In the previous canto the poet identified himself with the leaves. In this canto the wind is now capable of using both of these things mentioned before.


title: Ode to the West Wind

text: Everything that had been said before was part of the elements—wind, earth, and water. Now the fourth element comes in: the fire.


title: Ode to the West Wind

text: There is also a confrontation in this canto: Whereas in line 57 Shelley writes "me thy", there is "thou me" in line 62. These pronouns appear seven times in the fifth canto. This "signals a restored confidence, if not in the poet’s own abilities, at least in his capacity to communicate with [. . .] the Wind".


title: Ode to the West Wind

text: It is also necessary to mention that the first-person pronouns again appear in a great frequency; but the possessive pronoun "my" predominates. Unlike the frequent use of the "I" in the previous canto that made the canto sound self-conscious, this canto might now sound self-possessed. The canto is no more a request or a prayer as it had been in the fourth canto—it is a demand. The poet becomes the wind's instrument, his "lyre" (57). This is a symbol of the poet's own passivity towards the wind; he becomes his musician and the wind's breath becomes his breath. The poet's attitude—towards the wind has changed: in the first canto the wind has been an "enchanter" (3), now the wind has become an "incantation" (65).


title: Ode to the West Wind

text: And there is another contrast between the two last cantos: in the fourth canto the poet had articulated himself in singular: "a leaf" (43, 53), "a cloud" (44, 53), "A wave" (45, 53) and "One too like thee" (56). In this canto, the "sense of personality as vulnerably individualised led to self-doubt" and the greatest fear was that what was


title: Ode to the West Wind

text: "tameless, and swift, and proud" (56) will stay "chain'd and bow'd" (55). The last canto differs from that. The poet in this canto uses plural forms, for example, "my leaves" (58, 64), "thy harmonies" (59), "my thoughts" (63), "ashes and sparks" (67) and "my lips" (68). By the use of the plural, the poet is able to show that there is some kind of peace and pride in his words. It even seems as if he has redefined himself because the uncertainty of the previous canto has been blown away. The "leaves" merge with those of an entire forest and "Will" become components in a whole tumult of mighty harmonies. The use of this "Will" (60) is certainly a reference to the future. Through the future meaning, the poem itself does not only sound as something that might have happened in the past, but it may even be a kind of "prophecy" (69) for what might come—the future.


title: Ode to the West Wind

text: At last, Shelley again calls the Wind in a kind of prayer and even wants him to be "his" Spirit: "My spirit! Be thou me, impetuous one!" (62). Like the leaves of the trees in a forest, his leaves will fall and decay and will perhaps soon flourish again when the spring comes. That may be why he is looking forward to the spring and asks at the end of the last canto "If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?" (70). This is of course a rhetorical question because spring does come after winter, but the "if" suggests that it might not come if the rebirth is strong and extensive enough, and if it is not, another renewal—spring—will come anyway. Thus the question has a deeper meaning and does not only mean the change of seasons, but is a reference to death and rebirth as well. It also indicates that after the struggles and problems in life, there would always be a solution. It shows us the optimistic view of the poet about life which he would like the world to know. It is an interpretation of his saying, If you are suffering now, there will be good times ahead. But the most powerful call to the Wind are the lines: "Drive my dead thoughts over the universe/like withered leaves to quicken a new birth!" Here Shelley is imploring—or really chanting to—the Wind to blow away all of his useless thoughts so that he can be a vessel for the Wind and, as a result, awaken the Earth.


title: Ode to the West Wind

text: This poem is a highly controlled text about the role of the poet as the agent of political and moral change. This was a subject Shelley wrote a great deal about, especially around 1819, with this strongest version of it articulated the last famous lines of his "Defence of Poetry": "Poets are the hierophants of an unapprehended inspiration; the mirrors of the gigantic shadows which futurity casts upon the present; the words which express what they understand not; the trumpets which sing to battle, and feel not what they inspire; the influence which is moved not, but moves. Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world."


title: Water park

text: A water park (or waterpark, water world) is an amusement park that features water play areas such as swimming pools, water slides, splash pads, water playgrounds, and lazy rivers, as well as areas for floating, bathing, swimming, and other barefoot environments. Modern water parks may also be equipped with some type of artificial surfing or bodyboarding environment, such as a wave pool or flowrider.


title: Water park

text: Water parks have grown in popularity since their introduction in the late 1940s and early 1950s. The United States has the largest and most concentrated water park market, with over 1,000 water parks and dozens of new parks opening each year. Major organizations are the IAAPA (International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions) and WWA (World Waterpark Association), which is the industry trade association.


title: Water park

text: Water parks which emerge from spas tend to more closely resemble mountain resorts, as they become year-round destinations. For example, Splash Universe Water Park Resort is themed to match the community in which it is located. The theme is intended to enhance the community's destination appeal. Therefore, the amusement and leisure-time industry is becoming more concentrated, as winter sports are becoming common themes in summertime water recreation.


title: Water park

text: A process of concentration can be observed in the hybrid versions of theme-, amusement-, and water parks. Some water parks are more spa-oriented. For example, SchwabenQuellen has no water slides; it has instead many saunas, steam rooms, "adventure showers", and relaxation-oriented water play areas.


title: Water park

text: In the 2000s, an effort was made to reduce long waiting lines by introducing conveyor belts to lift passengers or use water jets.


title: Water park

text: An unusual feature at a water park is ice skating. Deep River Water Park in northwestern Indiana features ice skating, made possible by cooling pipes installed under their massive plaza.


title: Water park

text: Some of the first indoor water parks are at Duinrell (The Netherlands, 1984), Nautiland located at Haguenau (France, 1984), the Aqua Mundo at Center Parc De Eemhof located at Zeewolde (The Netherlands, 1980) and (Switerland, 1977).


title: Water park

text: In 1986 World Waterpark was open in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada at the West Edmonton Mall. It is in 2016 the largest indoor water park in North America.


title: Water park

text: Tropical Islands Resort (Germany), with an area of , is in 2016 the largest indoor water park in the world.


title: Water park

text: With five indoor water parks, Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin has been dubbed the "Water Park Capital of the World". It showcases several of America's largest indoor and outdoor water parks, such as Noah's Ark Water Park. Wisconsin Dells is also home to the first indoor water park in the United States, which was debuted in 1994 by the Polynesian Resort Hotel.


title: Water park

text: Success in extending the tourist season and turning water park resorts into vacation destinations has resulted in tremendous industry growth. Usually, resort hotels featuring massive indoor water parks have been reserved for overnight guests. Companies like Great Wolf Resorts/Great Wolf Lodge and Kalahari Resorts have branched out from their origin in Wisconsin Dells to open new locations around the country. Mt. Olympus Theme and Water Park (formerly Family Land) is another huge water park in the Dells.


title: Water park

text: The largest indoor water park in the UK is Sandcastle Water Park in Blackpool, England, which opened in 1986.


title: Water park

text: There are many water parks in southern Europe where the climate suits a long season. For example, in Portugal's Algarve, there are three main parks: Aqualand, Aquashow, and Slide n' Splash.


title: Water park

text: Water play areas are similar to water parks and include urban beaches, splash pads, and smaller collections of water slides in many hotels and public swimming pools.


title: Water park

text: According to estimates from the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, more than 4,200 people annually are sent to emergency rooms from suffering injuries on public watersides. In July 2015, one drowning and at least three near-drownings were reported at water parks in the United States.


title: Water park

text: On August 7, 2016, Caleb Schwab, the 10-year-old son of American politician Scott Schwab, was decapitated on the Verrückt water ride at the Schlitterbahn water park in Kansas City, Kansas. Following the fatal incident, Verrückt permanently closed.


Indian Institute of Management Bangalore (IIM Bangalore or IIMB) is a public business school and Institute of National Importance located in Bangalore, India. Founded in 1973, it was the third IIM to be established, after IIM Calcutta and IIM Ahmedabad.


title: Indian Institute of Management Bangalore

text: The institute offers Post Graduate, Doctoral, Executive Education and Certificate Programmes. The MBA programme is the flagship programme of the BSchool and is offered in three modes - one year full-time, two year full-time and two year executive (weekend).


text: The Post Graduate Programme in Management (PGP), is the traditional flagship two-year full-time residential MBA programme, for candidates with 0–4 years experience and admitted through the Common Admission Test (CAT). IIM Bangalore offers a flagship one-year full-time residential MBA programme - the Executive Post Graduate Programme in Management (EPGP), modeled on global MBA pedagogy, for candidates with higher experience and admitted through Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT),


text: IIMB also offers two-year part-time executive MBA programme for working executives, a one-year full-time programme - Master of Management Studies in Public Policy and a two-year full-time MBA programme in Business Analytics, apart from the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD). The Certificate Programmes include the N. S. Ramaswamy Pre-doctoral Fellowship (NSR Pre-doc), which is a one-year full-time apprenticeship programme and the Mahatma Gandhi National Fellowship (MGNF), a two-year academic programme.


text: In 1972, a committee headed by Ravi J. Matthai, founding director of IIM Ahmedabad and IRMA, noting the rising demand for graduates of the first two prestigious IIMs namely IIM Calcutta and IIM Ahmedabad, recommended the need to have two more IIMs. The Institute at Bangalore was set up to cater exclusively to the needs of public sector enterprises. For the proposed institute, the Government of Karnataka offered of land free of cost and a contribution of . T. A. Pai and N. S. Ramaswamy were appointed as chairman and Director respectively. The institute was inaugurated by Indira Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India, on 28 October 1973. The institute was started in St. Joseph's College of Commerce, and some other buildings, which were rented on the Langford Road. The new institute came up at the Bannerghatta Road campus in South Bangalore in 1983.


text: The two-year Post Graduate Programme commenced in July 1974 and the first convocation of the institute was held on 10 July 1976 with a total of 48 graduating students. On August 27, 1998, the Post Graduate Programme in Software Enterprise Management was launched with an intake 58 students. The institute's start-up incubation centre, N S Raghavan Centre for Entrepreneurial Learning (NSRCEL) came into existence in March 2002.


text: The motto derived from Sanskrit (pronounced as "tejasvi nāvadhītamastu") is an extract from the Shanti Mantra recited in Taittiriya Upanishad, Katha Upanishad, Mandukya Upanishad and Shvetashvatara Upanishad. The motto translates to '"Let our study be enlightening"'.


text: The current IIMB logo depicting the sun, was designed by the National Institute of Design and has been in use since 1994.


text: IIM Bangalore provides a wide network of corporate placement opportunities for its students. In December 2021, it collaborated internationally for exploring students' dynamics for an international experience.


text: The IIMB campus, occupying an area of over 100 acres, is located on Bannerghatta Road in the southern part of Bangalore. It is accessible by public transport from anywhere in the city. The Namma Metro's Pink Line, currently under construction as of June 2022, will have a halt at IIMB. IIMB is in the process of setting up its second campus near Jigani, in the city's periphery, in Anekal Taluka.


text: IIM Bangalore was designed by Pritzker prize winning architect B. V. Doshi. Mr Doshi, also a Padma Bhushan awardee, had previously assisted Louis Kahn on the design of IIM Ahmedabad and then designed the renowned school of architecture at Ahmadabad (later renamed as CEPT). He was hence commissioned to design IIM Bangalore. The architecture of IIM Bangalore is inspired by the historic city of Fatehpur Sikri near Agra, and the Madurai temples in Tamil Nadu. The 54,000 sq mt IIMB complex, is built in granite stone, giving the campus a unique character. The conceptualisation of the campus began in 1973 and it was completed in 1983. Over the years, the once barren campus has become a green oasis with rich and diverse flora and fauna. The campus has been awarded for its sustainability practices.


text: The academic blocks were designed by Stein, Doshi & Bhalla architects led by B. V. Doshi and were completed by 1983. A few blocks were added later owing to the increase in the number of students being enrolled. The classes, faculty offices and other administrative entities are spread over the various blocks.


text: The library extends membership-based services to individuals, organizations, corporations and academic institutions. Alumni are encouraged to use the library facilities at a very nominal subscription charge.


text: IIMB provides accommodation facilities to all the full-time long duration programmes. IIMB campus housing consists of 16 hostel blocks apart from one executive block and the executive accommodation at the Management Development Centre. The hostel consists of 16 blocks named from A to P. IIMB has separate facilities for soccer, cricket, tennis, basketball, volleyball, badminton, table tennis and pool. IIMB has a sports centre with courts for badminton and tennis, a gym and a swimming pool. IIMB has additional leased housing facilities in close proximity to the campus for additional accommodation.


text: Students of the one year MBA programme (EPGP) are temporarily accommodated at Ajmera Green Acres - one of the leased housing facilities on Bannerghatta road, until completion of EPGP hostel on campus. The Ajmera housing complex has a club house with integrated facilities like a gym, swimming pool, mini basketball court, pool, badminton and table tennis.


text: The institute has 24-hour internet connectivity with 600+ PCs and workstations. The campus is also fully WiFi enabled.


text: The 'Nadathur Sarangapani Raghavan Centre for Entrepreneurial Learning', renamed NSRCEL, was set up in 2002 to aid the entrepreneurial activities at IIMB. The centre acts as an incubator for new business ideas where anyone can apply for incubation. As of April 2020, NSRCEL has incubated more than 240 start-ups with a combined value of $1.5 billion and created more than 5400 jobs. Students studying at IIMB are encouraged to leverage


text: IIMB has degree granting and certificate programmes. Prior to 2018, IIM Bangalore awarded diplomas instead of degrees because the IIMs were not set up as universities through an Act of Parliament but as societies under the Societies Act. The Indian Institutes of Management Act, 2017 enacted by the Ministry of Human Resource Development in December 2017 declared IIMs as Institutes of National Importance, thereby allowing IIMs to award degrees to their students instead of diplomas. Consequently, in 2018, IIM Bangalore became the first IIM to award MBA degree to the graduates of the Post Graduate Programme and later to the executive post graduate programme – the full-time MBA programmes of the BSchool.


text: IIM Bangalore currently offers six degree-granting programmes: a full-time doctoral programme (FPM), three full-time MBA programmes (EPGP, PGP, PGPBA), an executive MBA programme (PGPEM), and a full-time programme in Public Policy (PGPPM).


text: IIMB, identifying the need and importance of a full-fledged liberal arts programme in a B School, has planned to start a 4-year UG programme in liberal arts in the year 2023 to be run from its new campus at Anekal.


text: Students of the two-year MBA programme go on exchange programmes during the fifth term of the course. More than a hundred students from IIM Bangalore leave for global B-schools and an equivalent number arrive in Bangalore from various global B-schools.


text: IIM Bangalore conducts an international immersion programme for the one year MBA students in the fourth term. The two-week programme gives the students an opportunity to take courses in some of the leading universities in global business and innovation hubs. Structured around a visit to an emerging economy such as China, Russia, Brazil, and South Africa or a developed one in Europe or in the Asian region like Singapore or South Korea, the module provides insights into the country's economic, social, political and cultural life.


text: IIMB is the only Indian B School that is part of the Global Network for Advanced Management (GNAM), a global collaboration of B schools led by Yale University.


text: IIMB Management Review (IMR) is a quarterly journal brought out by Indian Institute of Management Bangalore.


text: IIM Bangalore received EQUIS Accreditation for five years. EQUIS accreditation is the most comprehensive institutional accreditation system for business and management schools.


text: IIM Bangalore was ranked 2nd among management schools by the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) 2020.


text: Eduniversal, Paris has ranked Indian Institute of Management Bangalore (IIMB) first in Central Asia and India in 2020.


text: IIMB has been ranked in the top 10 business schools globally by '2020 Positive Impact Ranking for Business Schools'.


text: The full-time One Year MBA programme (EPGP) is ranked 1 in India and 27 in the world amongst the top 100 Global MBA Programmes by the "Financial Times".


text: The one year MBA of IIM Bangalore has also been ranked 44 in the world by QS Global MBA 2020 ranking.


text: The full-time Two Year MBA programme (PGP) of IIMB is ranked 26 globally, amongst the top 100 Master's in Management programmes (MIM) by the 'QS Master in Management Ranking for 2020'. The two-year Masters programme was ranked 44 in 2019 by "Financial Times" in its Masters in Management Ranking.


text: The part-time Weekend Executive MBA programme (PGPEM) is ranked 36 in 2020 QS Executive MBA ranking. It is the only Indian B-School to be ranked in the Top 50 EMBA ranking globally. IIMB also features in top 100 in the EMBA ranking by Financial Times.


text: IIM Bangalore successfully mentored IIM Trichy when it was established in 2011. It also mentored IIM Visakhapatnam when it was setup in 2015.


text: There are several student-run clubs and societies at IIM Bangalore. The student bodies are divided into clubs, mini clubs, chapters and societies which are managed by the students themselves and are governed by the Students Affairs Council. The following are the list of clubs and societies.


text: It is the apex body which controls all the aspects of student life including other clubs and societies.


text: The Academic Council is an elected body that facilitates the management of the academic system at IIM Bangalore. The council acts as an interface between students and faculty and is also responsible for the elective bidding process for courses by assessing the academic needs of the student community .


text: More than 100 companies across the globe visit the campus every year for summer and final placements. The placement processes are governed by the Career Development Services and facilitated by the Placement Committee.


text: IIMB celebrates the Foundation Day on 28 October. The 46th Foundation Day lecture was delivered by renowned architect B.V. Doshi, who had designed the IIMB campus more than three decades ago.


text: Eximius is the annual entrepreneurship summit organized by IIM Bangalore. The event has hosted several eminent speakers including Shashi Tharoor, Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, Piyush Pandey, Mallika Sarabhai, Kris Gopalakrishnan, Kiran Bedi, Rashmi Bansal, Shaheen Mistri, Harish Hande, D R Mehta among others.


text: Unmaad is the flagship annual cultural festival of IIM Bangalore. The three-day event draws participants from across India. Unmaad features drama and music performances, dances, quizzes, debates, street plays, professional concerts and a fashion show. The event has hosted performances by prominent artistes including Farhan Akhtar, Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy, KK, Kailash Kher, Lucky Ali, Strings, Jethro Tull, Indian Ocean, etc.


text: Vista is an annual, international business summit hosted by IIM Bangalore. The three-day summit brings together leaders from the fields of marketing, finance, operations, human resources, consulting and social work. The platform lets students learn from business professionals through events, competitions and case studies. The event also incorporates guest speaker sessions. Previous speakers include Devi Shetty, Mukesh Ambani, Prahlad Kakkar, Kumar Mangalam Birla, Kamal Haasan, Kiran Mazumdar Shaw, Gurucharan Das, Justice Santosh Hegde, Arun Shourie, Gul Panag, M J Akbar, Nandita Das, Narain Karthikeyan and Shobhaa De.


text: Yamini is a full-night music festival in Bangalore, organized by the Society for the Promotion of Indian Classical Music And Culture Amongst Youth (SPICMACAY) and hosted at IIMB.


text: Women Leadership Summit is organized every year in January by IIM Bangalore. It seeks to build gender-inclusive mind-sets among students, entrepreneurs, and corporates. The one-day event strives to create awareness through talks and workshops with prominent and inspiring personalities. The event has hosted eminent speakers including Vinita Bali, Malavika Harita, Sneha Priya, Lakshmi Ishwar, Wilma Rodrigues, Nirmala Sankaran, Neeta Revankar, Dr. Gita Sen, Gauri Jayaram, Sanjaya Sharma, etc.


text: IIMB research centres include: the Centre for Capital Markets and Risk Management (CCMRM), Centre for Corporate Governance and Citizenship (CCGC), Centre for Management Communication (CenComm), Centre for Public Policy (CPP), Centre for Software and Information Technology Management (CSITM), Centre for Teaching and Learning (CTL), India-Japan Study Centre (IJSC), Israel Centre, the innovation and entrepreneurship hub NSRCEL, and the Supply Chain Management Centre (SCMC). Moreover, there are four special initiatives, namely, the Behavioral Sciences Lab, Consumer Insights, Data Centre and Analytics Lab (DCAL) and the Real Estate Research Initiative (RERI).


text: IIMB started offering Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) in 2014 through its digital learning initiative, IIMBx, in partnership with edX – a not-for-profit online initiative of Harvard and MIT. Apart from edX, the programme offers courses on its own platform, IIMBx, and Government of India's SWAYAM.


text: IIMB is globally ranked 13th in 'careers' as per the FT Global MBA ranking 2020. The placement activities are led by the career development services with the support of student placement committees. The two year MBA follows a dual placement of summer placements in 1st year (for internship) followed by final placements in the 2nd year. Lateral placement process is followed for all the one year MBA students and few two year MBA students with higher experience, to match them with suitable senior-level positions in the industry.


text: The campus featured in the popular Bollywood film "3 Idiots" directed by Rajkumar Hirani and starring Aamir Khan, Kareena Kapoor, Boman Irani, R. Madhavan and Sharman Joshi. The film is loosely based on the novel "Five Point Someone" by writer Chetan Bhagat. The 3 Idiots team saw over 400 colleges before finalising the beautiful campus of IIMB as the setting for the film.


title: James Hiroyuki Liao

text: James Hiroyuki Liao (born February 6, 1976) is an American actor. Liao is known for his television roles as Roland Glenn in the Fox serial drama "Prison Break" (2008); Jay Lee in the CBS, and later A&E, police procedural series "Unforgettable" (2013-2016); and Albert Nguyen in the HBO black comedy series "Barry" (2019-present).


title: James Hiroyuki Liao

text: Liao provided voice acting and motion-capture acting for the role of Kenji in the video game "Ghost of Tsushima" (2020).


title: James Hiroyuki Liao

text: Liao was born on February 6, 1976 in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn. His father is Taiwanese and his mother is Japanese. He was a graduate student from the Juilliard School's drama division, finishing in 2004 and also studied at the Marjorie Ballentine Studio, where he befriended Amaury Nolasco.


title: James Hiroyuki Liao

text: Liao played Roland Glenn in season four of "Prison Break", and starred in other television roles, such as "24", "", "Bones", "" and "Law & Order". His stage work includes playing Song Liling (Butterfly) in Washington DC's Arena Stage production of "M. Butterfly". He also starred with Jennifer Aniston in "Management". Liao and Nolasco starred in the fourth season of "Prison Break".


title: Perry Caravello

text: Perry Frank Caravello (born November 17, 1963) is an American actor, comedian, and internet personality who is best known as the star of the 2003 movie "Windy City Heat" and the host of the internet stream "Perry Caravello Live".


title: Perry Caravello

text: Originally from the northwest suburbs of Chicago, Caravello was born in Park Ridge and lived there before moving to Des Plaines, Barrington, Palatine, and Arlington Heights. He moved with his family to Southern California in 1974. In 1979, three weeks after getting his driver's license, he was injured in a car accident that put him in a coma for three weeks. As a result of the accident, Caravello suffered brain trauma.


title: Perry Caravello

text: Caravello started acting and standup comedy around 1988, and early in his career was trying to get into The Comedy Store when then host Don Barris challenged him to have his chest shaved onstage with a razor and no soap. Caravello did the stunt and was given a regular spot at the comedy club. This was the beginning of frequent comedic collaborations between Caravello and Barris, along with Tony Barbieri (aka "Mole"). All of which were typically at the expense of Perry. Caravello has alleged that in 1992 he was coerced into giving a handjob to a casting director in order to get a role in a movie.


title: Perry Caravello

text: In 2003, Caravello starred in the Comedy Central reality movie "Windy City Heat", directed by Bobcat Goldthwait and written by Barris and Barbieri. All three co-starred as well. The movie was one elaborate prank on Perry who was under the impression he had landed his first starring role in a major motion picture. The movie followed him from the beginning being cast in the picture to the conclusion of the "one-night only" premiere where he was awarded a trophy for his outstanding work. Jimmy Kimmel's Jackhole Productions produced the movie.


title: Perry Caravello

text: He had roles in "Hot Package", "", and "Virtuosity" and was also an extra in "Austin Powers in Goldmember" where he can be seen multiple times during the prison rap scene.


title: Perry Caravello

text: After "Windy City Heat", Caravello started working with Richard Heene on a project called "Psyience Detectives" in which they played storm chasing detectives. The project ended during production in 2006 when the two men got involved in a physical altercation while filming. After the Balloon boy hoax perpetrated by Henne, Caravelllo made frequent TV appearances in which he was interviewed in regard to Henne's character. He was then invited on Jimmy Kimmel Live! where he was lampooned for taking advantage of his "15 minutes of fame" in light of the incident.


title: Perry Caravello

text: In 2010, Caravello, Barris and Barbieri started a weekly comedy podcast called "The Big 3 Podcast", on Adam Carolla's ACE Broadcasting Network. In 2011 the show moved to Barris' own network, before ending in April 2015. Caravello has spoken on "Simply Don The Podcast" from 2014 through 2020.


title: Perry Caravello

text: Perry was prank-called by The Jerky Boys on the track "Perry's Slacks" on the 2020 album "The Jerky Boys".


title: Perry Caravello

text: In November 2020, Caravello launched his own live stream on the platform Twitch (and later expanded to YouTube) with the help of his publicist Tom Brennan. The following Perry obtained from "Windy City Heat" proved to make his streaming channels successful and began streaming 3 to 4 days a week. This also brought him a whole new audience resulting in being Perry's primary source of income after being out of work for many years.


title: Perry Caravello

text: On June 1, 2007, Caravello filed a lawsuit alleging that Jimmy Kimmel, Adam Carolla and Johnny Knoxville promised him ten million dollars if he put his genitals in a mousetrap during an episode of "The Adam Carolla Show". The lawsuit was filed after Caravello was injured in the stunt, was not paid, and did not receive accounting of profits and royalties from DVD sales of "Windy City Heat".


title: Perry Caravello

text: In a May 2019 episode of "Simply Don The Podcast", Caravello revealed that he would be running for President of the United States in the 2020 U.S. presidential election. Caravello has stated that he would run as an independent on a platform that included abolishing money, building a wall across the Canada–United States border, providing free universal healthcare, and legalizing medical marijuana. He also supports abolishing gay marriage and criminalizing homosexuality, and says he would like to turn San Clemente Island into a gay prison. He announced he had abandoned his run (which he claimed was a joke) on July 18, 2020.


title: Kaisha (The Sopranos)

text: "Kaisha" is the 77th episode of the HBO television drama series "The Sopranos" and the 12th episode of the sixth season. It served as the midseason finale to the first part of Season 6, which HBO broadcast in two parts. The episode was written by executive producer Terence Winter, series creator/executive producer David Chase and co-executive producer Matthew Weiner, and directed by longtime series director Alan Taylor, and originally aired in the United States on June 4, 2006. Its premiere garnered 8.9 million American viewers.


title: Kaisha (The Sopranos)

text: Carlo disposes of Fat Dom's head in a sewer drain in Connecticut, while Benny blows up Phil's wire room. By chance, Phil is walking towards the place with a woman when it explodes, and they are blown onto their backs.


title: Kaisha (The Sopranos)

text: At a sit-down mediated by Little Carmine, Phil and Tony agree to end hostilities. However, it falls apart when Carmine thoughtlessly mentions Phil's murdered brother Billy; Phil, enraged, insults Tony and Carmine before storming off. Phil then discusses his next step with his capos Gerry, Butchie DeConcini, and Albie Cianflone. When Phil rejects Butchie's suggestion to kill Tony, Butchie suggests picking ""somebody" over there." Later, Agent Harris quietly tells Tony that his sources in the FBI are saying that someone in his organization may be in danger of retaliation by the Lupertazzi family.


title: Kaisha (The Sopranos)

text: Phil has a heart attack. At first, Tony is elated but later surprises the New York mobsters by visiting Phil at the hospital. Tony tells Phil what he learned from his coma; tells him to take his time recovering and enjoy his grandchildren and the good things in life, and says that later there will be enough for everyone. Phil is left emotional by the scene, breaking down in tears.


title: Kaisha (The Sopranos)

text: Tony completes the Jamba Juice deal and tries to revive his relationship with Julianna, only to learn that she is now Christopher's lover, having met him at an AA meeting. The two relapse into drug use, telling themselves that they can integrate the drugs into their lives. Chris tells Tony and the crew he is seeing a black girl named Kaisha, who he prefers not to introduce to them. Eventually, he tells Tony the truth in order to prevent him from finding out that he is using drugs again. Tony acts indifferent, but to Dr. Melfi he expresses his anger that his reward for marital fidelity is Chris's relationship with the woman he desired for himself.


title: Kaisha (The Sopranos)

text: Carmela is thinking about Adriana again because of her dream in Paris, and because her mother, Liz La Cerva, has tried to kill herself in despair. Carmela wants Tony to hire a private investigator to track Adriana down; he tells Silvio to lean on the building inspector so that she can work again on the spec house. When the stop order is lifted, Carmela immediately realizes that it is Tony's work and thanks him profusely. She throws away the detective agency's business card.


title: Kaisha (The Sopranos)

text: At the construction site, A.J. meets Blanca Selgado, a Hispanic woman who works in the office. On their first date, while they watch television in her apartment and her infant son Hector sleeps, a group of youths begin playing loud music outside. She says her ex-boyfriend used to beat the youths. A.J. resolves the dispute by bribing them with an expensive mountain bike given by his parents. Afterward, A.J. and Blanca make love.


title: Kaisha (The Sopranos)

text: The Baccalieris, DeAngelis, and Moltisantis join the Sopranos at their home for Christmas Eve, although Meadow has stayed in California. A.J. arrives with Blanca and Hector. His parents welcome her but, aside, murmur their reservations. Carmela takes Tony's hand; the Christmas tree is piled high with gifts; Christmas music is playing; almost the entire extended family is gathered, it seems, peacefully.


title: Security through obscurity

text: Security through obscurity (or security by obscurity) is the reliance in security engineering on design or implementation secrecy as the main method of providing security to a system or component.


title: Security through obscurity

text: An early opponent of security through obscurity was the locksmith Alfred Charles Hobbs, who in 1851 demonstrated to the public how state-of-the-art locks could be picked. In response to concerns that exposing security flaws in the design of locks could make them more vulnerable to criminals, he said: "Rogues are very keen in their profession, and know already much more than we can teach them."


title: Security through obscurity

text: There is scant formal literature on the issue of security through obscurity. Books on security engineering cite Kerckhoffs' doctrine from 1883, if they cite anything at all. For example, in a discussion about secrecy and openness in Nuclear Command and Control:


title: Security through obscurity

text: [T]he benefits of reducing the likelihood of an accidental war were considered to outweigh the possible benefits of secrecy. This is a modern reincarnation of Kerckhoffs' doctrine, first put forward in the nineteenth century, that the security of a system should depend on its key, not on its design remaining obscure.


title: Security through obscurity

text: Peter Swire has written about the trade-off between the notion that "security through obscurity is an illusion" and the military notion that "loose lips sink ships", as well as on how competition affects the incentives to disclose.


title: Security through obscurity

text: There are conflicting stories about the origin of this term. Fans of MIT's Incompatible Timesharing System (ITS) say it was coined in opposition to Multics users down the hall, for whom security was far more an issue than on ITS. Within the ITS culture the term referred, self-mockingly, to the poor coverage of the documentation and obscurity of many commands, and to the attitude that by the time a tourist figured out how to make trouble he'd generally got over the urge to make it, because he felt part of the community. One instance of deliberate security through obscurity on ITS has been noted: the command to allow patching the running ITS system (altmode altmode control-R) echoed as codice_1. Typing Alt Alt Control-D set a flag that would prevent patching the system even if the user later got it right.


title: Security through obscurity

text: In January 2020, NPR reported that Democratic party officials in Iowa declined to share information regarding the security of its caucus app, to "make sure we are not relaying information that could be used against us." Cybersecurity experts replied that "to withhold the technical details of its app doesn't do much to protect the system."


title: Security through obscurity

text: Security by obscurity alone is discouraged and not recommended by standards bodies. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in the United States sometimes recommends against this practice: "System security should not depend on the secrecy of the implementation or its components."


title: Security through obscurity

text: The technique stands in contrast with security by design and open security, although many real-world projects include elements of all strategies.


title: Security through obscurity

text: Knowledge of how the system is built differs from concealment and camouflage. The effectiveness of obscurity in operations security depends on whether the obscurity lives on top of other good security practices, or if it is being used alone. When used as an independent layer, obscurity is considered a valid security tool.


title: Security through obscurity

text: In recent years, security through obscurity has gained support as a methodology in cybersecurity through Moving Target Defense and cyber deception. NIST's cyber resiliency framework, 800-160 Volume 2, recommends the usage of security through obscurity as a complementary part of a resilient and secure computing environment.


title: Recalled (film)

text: Recalled () is a 2021 South Korean mystery-thriller film directed by Seo Yoo-min and starring Seo Yea-ji, Kim Kang-woo and Yeom Hye-ran. The film is about a woman who starts seeing her future after losing her memory. The film was released on April 21, 2021.


title: Recalled (film)

text: According to Korean Film Council data, it ranks 15th among all the Korean films released in the year 2021 in South Korea, with gross of US$2.56 million and 335,025 admissions, .


title: Recalled (film)

text: Soo-jin (Seo Yea-ji) is involved in an accident and loses her memory. She begins to see the future and as illusions start becoming reality, her confusing memories bring her face-to-face with a truth about her husband Ji-hoon (Kim Kang-woo).


title: Recalled (film)

text: On 7 March 2019, it was announced that Kim Kang-woo and Seo Yea-ji were reviewing the appearance in the film "Remembrance of Tomorrow" directed by Seo Yoo-min. On 7 May 2019 their casting in the film was confirmed. Park Sang-wook joined the cast as detective.


title: Recalled (film)

text: The film was released on April 21, 2021. In spite of ongoing controversies around Seo Yea-ji, the film with 33,012 advance reservation of admission tickets and reservation rate ranking of 36.6%, was ranked at number 1 on the eve of its release on April 20, 2021. The film was screened at 10th Korean Film Festival Frankfurt on October 23, 2021.


title: Recalled (film)

text: The film was released on April 21, 2021 on 957 screens. It ranked at number 1 place at the Korean box office, on the opening day of its release, collecting 19,281 audience. The film maintained its number 1 rank on second day of its release with 18,235 audience. "Recalled" was at number 1 rank in the opening weekend of its release with 101,636 audiences for three days from April 23 to April 25 and recorded 136,040 cumulative audiences.


title: Recalled (film)

text: According to Korean Film Council data, it is at 15th place among all the Korean films released in the year 2021, with gross of US$2.56 million and 335,025 admissions, as of .


title: Tercera División

text: Tercera División () was the fourth tier of the Spanish football league system. Founded in 1929, it was below the "Primera División" (also known as La Liga), the "Segunda División", and the semi-professional "Segunda División B".


title: Tercera División

text: For the 2021–22 season, Tercera División was replaced by Tercera División RFEF, which became the fifth tier due to the creation of a new, semi-professional third division by the Spanish federation (RFEF) called the Primera División RFEF.


title: Tercera División

text: Tercera División featured 360 teams divided into 18 regional groups, corresponding to the autonomous communities of Spain (due to its size, Andalusia is divided into two groups, East and West; Ceuta is allocated to West Andalusia, while Melilla is allocated to the East). Each group was administered by a regional football federation. At the end of the season the first four teams in each group qualified for promotion play-offs to decide which teams were promoted to Segunda División B. At least the three teams finishing bottom of each group were relegated to the Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol. However the number of relegated teams often varied. The eighteen group champions also qualified for the following season's Copa del Rey, of which reserve teams were ineligible. Along with teams from Segunda División B, the remaining teams from the division competed in the Copa Federación.


title: Tercera División

text: Until the 2018–19 season, the 18 group winners had the opportunity of direct promotion to the Segunda División B. The group winners are drawn into a two-legged series, after which the nine winners are promoted to the Segunda División B. The nine losing clubs enter the play-off round for the last nine promotion spots.


title: Tercera División

text: The 18 runners-up were drawn against one of the 17 fourth-placed clubs outside their group and the 18 third-placed clubs were drawn against one another in a two-legged series. The 27 winners advanced with the nine losing clubs from the champions' series to determine the 18 teams that entered the final two-legged series for the last nine promotion spots. In all the play-off series, the lower-ranked club played at home first. Whenever there was a tie in position (like the group winners in the champions' series or the third-placed teams in the first round), a draw determined the club to play at home first.


title: Tercera División

text: In the 2019–20 season, the promotion play-off rules were altered by an RFEF resolution after that season was suspended and later curtailed due to the coronavirus disease pandemic in Spain. Thus, the top four teams in each group at the time of suspension were deemed to qualify for the play-offs, which will be contested on a regional basis at neutral venues. The 18 group winners were drawn against the fourth-place clubs while the 18 runners-up were drawn against the third-place clubs within their groups, all in two-legged series. The 36 first-round winners played single knock-out games in each of their regions, from which 18 were promoted to the Segunda División B. The 18 losing clubs will be able to play additional play-off rounds if possible for the remaining two spots in the third-tier division, which initially expanded to 100 teams divided into five groups of 20 and subdivided into 10 subgroups of 10 teams each, only for 2020–21. However, two more clubs were promoted after the RFEF cancelled the Tercera División repechages without replaying them, thus there are now four groups of 20 and one group of 22, subdivided into eight subgroups of 10 and two subgroups of 11.


title: Tercera División

text: During the inaugural La Liga season of 1928–29 a third level of teams known as "Segunda División B" was also organised. This division featured 10 teams and at the end of the season Cultural y Deportiva Leonesa were crowned champions. However the 1929–30 season saw the first of many reorganisations of the Spanish football league system and the "Tercera Division" was born. During its first season the division featured 33 teams divided into eight groups. The eight group winners qualified for a play-off and CD Castellón eventually beat Barakaldo CF 3-2 to be declared champions. The most significant reorganisation came at the start of the 1977–78 season with the revival of Segunda División B which replaced the Tercera División as the third level.


title: Tercera División

text: On 6 May 2020, the RFEF announced the creation of a new, two-group, 40-team third division called Primera División RFEF, which made the former third and fourth divisions, Segunda División B and Tercera División, respectively, drop down a level and change into Segunda División RFEF and Tercera División RFEF; the changes were made effective for the 2021–22 campaign.


title: Tercera División

text: In bold, group champions are promoted to Segunda División B. Administrative promotions not included in this table.


title: Karen Strassman

text: Karen Strassman (born June 5 is an American stage, television and voice actress who has provided English language voices for Japanese anime shows, animation, and video games. Some of her major roles are Kallen Stadtfeld in the "Code Geass" series, Miyuki Takara in "Lucky Star", Nina Fortner in "Monster", "Rider" in Studio Deen's "Fate/stay night", Suigintou the first Rozen Maiden doll in "Rozen Maiden", Sawako Yamanaka in "K-On!", Sola-Ui Nuada-Re Sophia-Ri in "Fate/Zero", Momo Hinamori and Soi Fon in "Bleach", as well as Sky in the "Shantae" series and Rouge the Bat in the Sonic the Hedgehog series.


title: Karen Strassman

text: Strassman enjoyed acting at a young age, and was involved in school plays. When she was 20, she had moved to France to study psychology and theatre at CNSAD in Paris.


title: Karen Strassman

text: In an interview with Slink FM, she said she picked psychology as a ways to earn a living in case theatre did not pan out. While there, she saw an advertisement calling for actors who could speak English. She got an apprenticeship with Studio VO/VF where she trained as a dialect coach. After a year, she was offered a paid position where she trained older French actors on how to act in English. She also taught kids, where she was recruited by two women who produced a magazine called "Hi-Kids" which would produce audio cassettes. It was there where she started doing voice-over.


title: Karen Strassman

text: She would later do French and English dubs, and got into video game voice-over. She provided voice over work in French for Air France, Euro-star, Disneyland Paris, and for audio tours of The Louvre and the Musée d'Orsay. As a dialect coach, she worked with Lancôme advertising.


title: Haniwa

text: The are terracotta clay figures that were made for ritual use and buried with the dead as funerary objects during the Kofun period (3rd to 6th centuries AD) of the history of Japan. "Haniwa" were created according to the "wazumi" technique, in which mounds of coiled clay were built up to shape the figure, layer by layer. "Haniwa" can also refer to offering cylinders, not the clay sculptures on top of them as well as the "wooden haniwa" found in Kofun tumuli.


title: Haniwa

text: Terracotta "Haniwa" were made with water-based clay and dried into a coarse and absorbent material that stood the test of time. Their name means "circle of clay", referring to how they were arranged in a circle above the tomb. The protruding parts of the figures were made separately and then attached, while a few things were carved into them. They were smoothed out by a wooden paddle. Terraces were arranged to place them with a cylindrical base into the ground, where the earth would hold them in place.


title: Haniwa

text: During the Kofun period, a highly aristocratic society with militaristic rulers developed. The cavalry wore iron armor, carried swords and other weapons, and used advanced military methods like those of northeast Asia. Many of them are represented in "haniwa" figurines for funerary purposes.


title: Haniwa

text: The most important of the "haniwa" were found in southern Honshū—especially the Kinai region around Nara—and northern Kyūshū. "Haniwa" grave offerings were made in many forms, such as horses, chickens, birds, fans, fish, houses, weapons, shields, sunshades, pillows, and humans. Besides decorative and spiritual reasons of protecting the deceased in the afterlife, these figures served as a sort of retaining wall for the burial mound.


title: Haniwa

text: Because these "haniwa" display the contemporary clothing, hairstyle, farming tools, and architecture, these sculptures are important as a historical archive of the Kofun Period.


title: Haniwa

text: Hiroaki Sato cites a passage from the Nihon Shoki, in which Emperor Suinin issued an imperial edict concerning funerals: "From now on make it a rule to erect clay figures and not to hurt people." It was therefore thought that these clay figures may have replaced live human sacrifices. However, "haniwa" figures were not made until long after Suinin's rule had ended.


title: Haniwa

text: The origin of "haniwa" started during the latter part of the Yayoi period around the Kingdom of Kibi. During this time special earthenware figurines and bowls started to appear on top of the tombs of leaders. The early sculptures exceeded 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. They consisted of a cylindrical portion, which represented the torso, and a skirt-shaped portion at the base, which represented the legs. Many times a special insignia or pattern would be displayed on the torso. Sometimes an obi would be placed around the torso. These sculptures are thought to have been used as part of a funeral ritual. Other than the Kibi area, the only other place these sculptures were found was in the Izumo province.


title: Haniwa

text: During the latter part of the 3rd century AD, these sculptures started to appear on top of the imperial grave mounds in the Kinai region. During this time more elaborate "haniwa" appeared with earthenware bowls. It is believed that the movement of these sculptures and "haniwa" from the Kibi region to the Kinai region is indicative of an increase in their importance.


title: Haniwa

text: During the earlier part of the Kofun period (later 3rd century CE) the only earthenware "haniwa" were cylindrical, like barrels. These haniwa barrels were used to form the kofun mound. They were arranged in the shape of the mound (square, circle, or keyhole) and soil was brought in to fill the interior, and then a new row of haniwa barrels were arranged to make the next level and the process was repeated until the mound was the desired height. Additional soil was added to the exterior to form sloping sides.


title: Haniwa

text: Toward the early 4th century CE, "haniwa" sculptures in the shape of shields and other tools started to appear. By the middle Kofun period (mid-5th century AD), there were "haniwa" statues in the shape of shrine maidens, horses, dogs, and other animals. As the practice of ceremonial burial mounds declined in the mid-6th century CE, "haniwa" became rarer in the Kinai region; however, "haniwa" were made in abundance in the Kantō region.


title: Haniwa

text: It is not uncommon for some haniwa to be painted with red dye or other colors. Besides the cylindrical haniwa (enkei-haniwa), another common type was the house-shaped haniwa (keisho-haniwa). Other things that fell into the category of keisho-haniwa were those shaped like humans, animals, and swords. The details on the haniwa give information about the elite buried in the tomb, and represent some of the tools or other objects people of that time used. The military haniwa inform archeologists of the armour and weapons, as well as the status symbols of the military class.


title: Haniwa

text: Originally, the cylindrical type "haniwa" were set on top of the funeral mounds, so it is believed that they had a purpose in funeral rituals; however, as the "haniwa" became more developed, they were set toward the outside of the grave area. It is thought that they were used as boundary markers for the borders of the gravesite.


title: Haniwa

text: There is a theory that the soul of the deceased would reside in the "haniwa", as the earlier "haniwa" were placed on top of the funeral mounds. There are "haniwa" that are equipped with weapons and armor. These are thought to be containers for souls. The armor and weapons would drive away evil spirits and protect the buried ruler from calamity. Because the horse- and animal-shaped "haniwa" were normally neatly arranged into a line, it is believed that they were part of a sending-off ceremony.


title: Haniwa

text: Although the religious implications of the "haniwa" have largely declined in modern society, the sculptures are prized by many for their aesthetic and historical significance. The works of Isamu Noguchi, for example, were heavily influenced by the "haniwa". They have been accepted as "Pure Art", according to "Time" magazine. Beyond simple appreciation as artistic sculptures, modern popular culture has, in some cases, portrayed the "haniwa" as containing a sentient entity and not just as a simple empty sculpture.


title: Haniwa

text: The portrayal of living "haniwa" has—since the late 1990s—become widespread, being featured in entertainment mediums, including but not limited to: video games, trading cards, movies, and television. In some of the depictions, the "haniwa" is primarily presented as a ghostlike, malevolent creature with no emotional remorse to complete its task. The most common portrayal depicts the "haniwa" with a rounded, pot-like shape, bearing two deep eyes, a wide mouth, and two featureless "arms" on opposite sides of the "pot".


title: Steve Caballero

text: Steve Caballero (born November 8, 1964) is an American professional skateboarder. He is known for the difficult tricks and air variations he invented for vertical skating and for setting the long-standing record for the highest air achieved on a halfpipe. In 1999, "Thrasher Magazine" named Caballero the "Skater of the Century".


title: Steve Caballero

text: Caballero was born with scoliosis, a condition which causes a curvature of the spine, although he has stated that the condition "really hasn't affected me too much."


title: Steve Caballero

text: He began skating in 1976 at the age of 12 and started his career at age 14. His first sponsor was Campbell Skate Park.


title: Steve Caballero

text: In 1979, Caballero entered a national skate contest in Escondido. After finishing fifth place, he was approached by Stacy Peralta who offered him sponsorship with Powell Peralta. He turned pro in 1980 during the Gold Cup series at the Oasis Skatepark, Southern California. By this time, Caballero had invented the 'Caballerial' (also known as 'Cab'), a skateboarding trick also known as the fakie 360 aerial. Caballero is also credited with inventing the frontside boardslide.


title: Steve Caballero

text: In 1987, Caballero won both street and vert titles at the World Championships in Münster, Germany. The same year, he set the one-time world record for highest air achieved on a half pipe, which was 11 feet. Caballero's record was beaten by Danny Way in 1997. In 1999, Caballero set another record for the longest board slide on a 44 step handrail.


title: Steve Caballero

text: Caballero is a member of the Bones Brigade, and has appeared in many of their videos, including "The Search for Animal Chin". His current sponsors include Powell Peralta, Bones Bearings, Independent Truck Company, Bones Wheels, Vans Skate Shoes, 187 killer pads, Merge4 socks, and Protec Helmets. His past sponsors included Tracker Trucks, Standard Trucks, and Red Dragon Apparel.


title: Steve Caballero

text: During the first half of the 1980s, Caballero was arguably the best professional skater and featured on the cover of "Thrasher Magazine" several times. He also features as a character in five of the "Tony Hawk" video games, from "Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2" to "Tony Hawk's Underground", and as a downloadable skater in "Tony Hawk's Pro Skater HD".


title: Steve Caballero

text: Caballero featured in Stacy Peralta's 2012 documentary film, "Bones Brigade: An Autobiography", which chronicles the life stories of members of the Bones Brigade skate team such as Tony Hawk, Rodney Mullen, Mike McGill, Lance Mountain and Tommy Guerrero.


title: Steve Caballero

text: He has been a member of several punk bands including The Faction, Odd Man Out, Shovelhead, and Soda, and released a compilation CD of the various bands he has appeared in, titled "Bandology", through Sessions Records. The Faction's song "Skate And Destroy" featured on the soundtrack of Powell Peralta's eponymous Bones Brigade Video Show. He also had an acting role as Juan in the 1984 Jimmy McNichol action movie "Escape from El Diablo", together with fellow skateboarder Mike McGill.


title: Steve Caballero

text: Caballero started a new punk band called Urethane, who has signed to the Cyber Tracks record label. Their debut album, ‘Chasing Horizons’, was released on September 24, 2021.


title: Steve Caballero

text: All contest results are covered in "Thrasher Magazine" and can be checked at the Thrasher Magazine Archives.


title: Despotate of Epirus

text: The Despotate of Epirus () was one of the Greek successor states of the Byzantine Empire established in the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade in 1204 by a branch of the Angelos dynasty. It claimed to be the legitimate successor of the Byzantine Empire, along with the Empire of Nicaea and the Empire of Trebizond, its rulers briefly proclaiming themselves as Emperors in 1227–1242 (during which it is most often called the Empire of Thessalonica). The term "Despotate of Epirus" is, like "Byzantine Empire" itself, a modern historiographic convention and not a name in use at the time.


title: Despotate of Epirus

text: The Despotate was centred on the region of Epirus, encompassing also Albania and the western portion of Greek Macedonia and also included Thessaly and western Greece as far south as Nafpaktos. Through a policy of aggressive expansion under Theodore Komnenos Doukas the Despotate of Epirus also briefly came to incorporate central Macedonia, with the establishment of the Empire of Thessalonica in 1224, and Thrace as far east as Didymoteicho and Adrianopolis, and was on the verge of recapturing Constantinople and restoring the Byzantine Empire before the Battle of Klokotnitsa in 1230 where he was defeated by the Bulgarian Empire. After that, the Epirote state contracted to its core in Epirus and Thessaly, and was forced into vassalage to other regional powers. It nevertheless managed to retain its autonomy until being conquered by the restored Palaiologan Byzantine Empire in ca. 1337. In the 1410s, the Count palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos Carlo I Tocco managed to reunite the core of the Epirote state, but his successors gradually lost it to the advancing Ottoman Empire, with the last stronghold, Vonitsa, falling to the Ottomans in 1479.


title: Despotate of Epirus

text: In traditional and modern historiography, the Epirote state is usually termed the "Despotate of Epirus" and its rulers are summarily attributed the title of "Despot" from its inception, but this use is not strictly accurate. First of all, the title of "Despot" was not borne by all Epirote rulers: the state's founder, Michael I Komnenos Doukas, never used it, and is only anachronistically referred to as "Despot of Epirus" in 14th-century Western European sources. His successor Theodore Komnenos Doukas did not use it either, and actually crowned himself emperor ("basileus") at Thessalonica . The first ruler of Epirus to receive the title of Despot was Michael II, from his uncle Manuel of Thessalonica in the 1230s, and then again, as a sign of submission and vassalage, from the Nicaean emperor John III Vatatzes. Earlier historians assumed that Michael I was indeed named "Despot" by the deposed emperor Alexios III Angelos after ransoming him from Latin captivity in or ; this has been disproven by more recent research.


title: Despotate of Epirus

text: Furthermore, even after Michael II, speaking of the Epirote rulers as "Despots "of" Epirus" is technically incorrect. The title of Despot did not imply any specific territorial jurisdiction, nor was it hereditary; it was merely the highest rank in the Byzantine court hierarchy, awarded by a reigning emperor to close relatives, usually his sons. Consequently, it was often borne by the princes sent to govern semi-autonomous appanages and only later came to be associated with these territories as the practice became regularized (aside from Epirus, the Despotate of the Morea is the most notable case). The territorial term "despotate" itself (in Greek , ) was first used in contemporary sources for Epirus only from the 14th century on, e.g. in the "Chronicle of the Morea", in the history of John Kantakouzenos, the hagiography of St. Niphon, or the "Chronicle of the Tocco", where the inhabitants of the Despotate are referred to as the "Despotatoi". The term "Despotate of Epirus" is thus sometimes replaced by "(Independent) State of Epirus" in more recent historiography.


title: Despotate of Epirus

text: The Epirote realm itself did not have an official name. Contemporaries, particularly in Western Europe, used the term "Romania" (), which generally referred to the whole Byzantine Empire, to refer specifically to Epirus, as seen in the Latin title of "Despotus Romanie" claimed by Philip I of Taranto and his son Philip of Apulia, Nicholas Orsini, and later Carlo I Tocco. In the Byzantine world, the term "Dysis" (), meaning "West", which historically referred to Dalmatia, Macedonia and Sicily, or even the entire European part of the Empire, also came into use already in the 13th century when juxtaposing Epirus to its eastern rival, the Empire of Nicaea, which was then called "Anatolē" (), "East". Moreover, the term "Hellenes" was widely used instead of the earlier "Romans" by the 13th-century court of the Despotate to describe its population.


title: Despotate of Epirus

text: The Epirote state was founded in 1205 by Michael Komnenos Doukas, a cousin of the Byzantine emperors Isaac II Angelos and Alexios III Angelos. At first, Michael allied with Boniface of Montferrat, but having lost the Morea (Peloponnese) to the Franks at the battle of the Olive Grove of Koundouros, he went to Epirus, where he considered himself the Byzantine governor of the old province of Nicopolis and revolted against Boniface. Epirus soon became the new home of many refugees from Constantinople, Thessaly, and the Peloponnese, and Michael was described as a second Noah, rescuing men from the Latin flood. John X Kamateros, the Patriarch of Constantinople, did not consider him a legitimate successor and instead joined Theodore I Laskaris in Nicaea; Michael instead recognized the authority of Pope Innocent III over Epirus, cutting ties to the Eastern Orthodox Church.


title: Despotate of Epirus

text: Henry of Flanders demanded that Michael submit to the Latin Empire, which he did, at least nominally, by allowing his daughter to marry Henry's brother Eustace in 1209. Michael did not honour this alliance, assuming that mountainous Epirus would be mostly impenetrable by any Latins with whom he made and broke alliances. Meanwhile, Boniface's relatives from Montferrat made claims to Epirus as well, and in 1210 Michael allied with the Venetians and attacked Boniface's Kingdom of Thessalonica. Pope Innocent III excommunicated him in response. Henry forced Michael into a renewed nominal alliance later that year.


title: Despotate of Epirus

text: Michael turned his attention to capturing other strategically important Latin-held towns, including Larissa and Dyrrhachium. He also took control of the ports on the Gulf of Corinth. In 1214 he captured Corcyra from Venice, but he was assassinated later that year and was succeeded by his half-brother Theodore.


title: Despotate of Epirus

text: Theodore Komnenos Doukas immediately set out to attack Thessalonica, and he fought with the Bulgarians along the way. Henry of Flanders died on the way to counterattack, and in 1217 Theodore captured his successor Peter of Courtenay, most likely executing him. The Latin Empire, however, became distracted by the growing power of Nicaea and could not stop Theodore from capturing Thessalonica in 1224. Theodore now challenged Nicaea for the imperial title and crowned himself emperor, founding the short-lived Empire of Thessalonica. In 1225, after John III Doukas Vatatzes of Nicaea had taken Adrianople, Theodore arrived and took it back from him. Theodore also allied with the Bulgarians and drove the Latins out of Thrace. In 1227 Theodore crowned himself Byzantine emperor, although this was not recognized by most Greeks, especially not the Patriarch in Nicaea.


title: Despotate of Epirus

text: In 1230 Theodore broke the truce with Bulgaria, hoping to remove Ivan Asen II, who had held him back from attacking Constantinople. In the battle of Klokotnitsa (near Haskovo in Bulgaria) the Bulgarian emperor defeated Theodore, capturing and later blinding him. His brother Manuel Komnenos Doukas took power in Thessalonica, but Epirus itself soon broke away under Michael I's illegitimate son, Michael II Komnenos Doukas. Manuel awarded Michael the title of Despot—making Michael the first Epirote ruler to bear the title—as a sign of his nominal dependency on Thessalonica, but Michael was "de facto" independent, which he demonstrated by seizing Corfu in ca. 1236. In the rump Empire of Thessalonica, after Theodore was released in 1237, he overthrew his brother Manuel, and set up his son John Komnenos Doukas as ruler of Thessalonica.


title: Despotate of Epirus

text: Thessalonica never regained its power after the battle of Klokotnitsa. Theodore's younger son Demetrios Angelos Doukas lost Thessalonica to Nicaea in 1246 and Michael II of Epirus allied with the Latins against the Nicaeans. In 1248 John III Doukas Vatatzes of Nicaea forced Michael to recognize him as emperor, and officially recognized him in turn as "despotēs" in Epirus. Vatatzes' granddaughter Maria later (in 1256) married Michael's son Nikephoros, although she died in 1258. Also in 1248 Michael's daughter Anna married William II, Prince of Achaea, and Michael decided to honour this alliance over his obligations to Vatatzes. The allies were defeated in the ensuing conflict at the Battle of Pelagonia in 1259.


title: Despotate of Epirus

text: Emperor Theodore II Laskaris allied with Michael II, and their children, betrothed by John years before, finally married in 1256, with Theodore receiving Dyrrhachium in return. Michael did not accept this transfer of land, and in 1257 he revolted, defeating a Nicaean army led by George Acropolites. As Michael marched on Thessalonica, he was attacked by King Manfred of Sicily, who conquered Albania and Corcyra. However, Michael immediately allied with him by marrying his daughter Helena to him. After Theodore II died, Michael, Manuel, and William II fought the new Nicaean emperor, Michael VIII Palaiologos. The alliance was very unstable and in 1259 William was captured at the disastrous Battle of Pelagonia. Michael VIII went on to capture Michael II's capital of Arta, leaving Epirus with only Ioannina and Vonitsa. Arta was recovered by 1260 while Michael VIII was occupied against Constantinople.


title: Despotate of Epirus

text: After Michael VIII restored the empire in Constantinople in 1261 he frequently harassed Epirus, and forced Michael's son Nikephoros to marry his niece Anna Palaiologina Kantakouzene in 1265. Michael considered Epirus a vassal state, although Michael II and Nikephoros continued to ally with the Princes of Achaea and the Dukes of Athens. In 1267 Corcyra and much of Epirus were taken by Charles of Anjou, and in 1267/68 Michael II died. Michael VIII did not attempt to annex Epirus directly, and allowed Nikephoros I to succeed his father and deal with Charles, who captured Dyrrhachium in 1271. In 1279 Nikephoros allied with Charles against Michael VIII, agreeing to become Charles' vassal. With Charles' defeat soon after Nikephoros lost Albania to the Byzantines.


title: Despotate of Epirus

text: Under Andronikos II Palaiologos, son of Michael VIII, Nikephoros renewed the alliance with Constantinople. Nikephoros, however, was persuaded to ally with Charles II of Naples in 1292, although Charles was defeated by Andronikos's fleet. Nikephoros married his daughter to Charles's son Philip I of Taranto and sold much of his territory to him. After Nikephoros's death in c. 1297 Byzantine influence grew under his widow Anna, Andronikos's cousin, who ruled as regent for her young son Thomas I Komnenos Doukas. In 1306 she revolted against Philip in favour of Andronikos; the Latin inhabitants were expelled but she was forced to return some territory to Philip. In 1312 Philip abandoned his claim to Epirus and claimed the defunct Latin Empire of Constantinople instead as the inheritance of his wife Catherine II of Valois, Princess of Achaea.


title: Despotate of Epirus

text: Anna succeeded in marrying off Thomas to a daughter of Michael IX, but Thomas was assassinated in 1318 by his cousin Nicholas Orsini, who married his widow and claimed to rule not only Epirus, but all of Greece; his rule was limited only to Akamania, or the southern part of Epirus. He was overthrown by his brother John in 1323, who attempted to balance submission to Constantinople with cooperation with the Angevins of Naples, who also claimed Greece as part of their domains. John was poisoned around 1335 by his wife Anna, who became regent for their son Nikephoros II. In 1337 the new Emperor, Andronikos III Palaiologos, arrived in northern Epirus with an army partly composed of 2,000 Turks contributed by his ally Umur of Aydın. Andronikos first dealt with unrest due to attacks by Albanians and then turned his interest to the Despotate. Anna tried to negotiate and obtain the Despotate for her son when he came of age, but Andronikos demanded the complete surrender of the Despotate to which she finally agreed. Thus Epirus came peacefully under imperial rule, with Theodore Synadenos as governor.


title: Despotate of Epirus

text: The imperials had insisted that Nikephoros would be engaged to one of the daughters of the emperor's right-hand man, John Kantakouzenos. When the time of the engagement came, Nikephoros had vanished. Andronikos learned that Nikephoros had fled to Italy, with the help of members of the Epirote aristocracy who supported an independent Epirus. He stayed in Taranto, Italy, in the court of Catherine II of Valois (Philip of Taranto's widow), the titular empress of Constantinople.


title: Despotate of Epirus

text: In 1339 a revolt began, supported by Catherine of Valois, who had previously moved to the Peloponnese, and by Nikephoros who had returned to Epirus, based in Thomokastron. By the end of the year the imperial army returned to the area, and in the following year, 1340, Andronikos III himself arrived together with John Kantakouzenos. Nikephoros was persuaded through diplomacy to recognize the authority of the emperor. He surrendered Thomokastron, married Maria Kantakouzene, the daughter of John Kantakouzenos, and received the title of "panhypersebastos".


title: Despotate of Epirus

text: The Empire soon fell into a civil war between John V Palaiologos and John VI Kantakouzenos, and Epirus was conquered by the Serbian tsar Stefan Dušan in 1348, who appointed his brother, despot Simeon Nemanjić-Palailogos as governor of the province. Nikephoros II took advantage of the Byzantine civil war and the death of Dušan (1355) to escape and to reestablish himself in Epirus in 1356, to which he also added Thessaly. Nikephoros was killed in battle putting down an Albanian revolt in 1359, and the territory of the former despotate became a component part of the personal Empire of Dušan's brother Simeon Nemanjić-Palailogos. Simeon was also governing Thessaly at the time, and, as the "Chronicle of Ioannina" shows, he left much of the territory under the control of Albanian clans establishing short-lived entities: the clan of Peter Liosha held Arta, and the clan of Muriq Shpata held Aetoloacarnania, with Angelokastron as its capital.


title: Despotate of Epirus

text: In 1367 a part of the Epirotan Despotate was resurrected under local Serbian nobleman Thomas II Preljubović, who kept Ioannina. After Thomas' death in 1384, his widow remarried in 1385 and transferred the Despotate to homage of Italian nobility. The state tradition was carried on by the Serbian and Italian rulers of Ioannina, who solicited aid from the Ottoman Turks against the Albanians. In 1399 the Albanian leader of Principality of Gjirokastër, Gjon Zenebishi captured the Despot Esau de' Buondelmonti and released him after 15 months, when his relatives in Italy offered a huge amount of money as a ransom. By 1416 the Tocco family of Cephalonia succeeded in reuniting Epirus, or at least in asserting their control over its towns. But internal dissension eased the Ottoman conquest, which proceeded with the capture of Ioannina in 1430, Arta in 1449, Angelokastron in 1460, and finally Vonitsa in 1479. With the exception of several coastal Venetian possessions, this was the end of Frankish rule in mainland Greece.


title: Kristian Blummenfelt

text: Kristian Blummenfelt (born 14 February 1994) is a Norwegian triathlete and Olympic and World Champion Gold medalist, competing at short course (sprint and standard distance), 70.3 (half-Ironman) and 140.6 (Ironman) distances. He won the gold medal in the men's triathlon at the 2020 Summer Olympics held in Tokyo, Japan. He is the 2021 Ironman World Champion at the first World Championship held at Saint George, Utah on May 7, 2022. On 5 June 2022, Blummenfelt became the first person to complete an Ironman-distance triathlon in under seven hours during the Pho3nix Sub-7 Sub-8 event at the Lausitzring race track in Germany. Blummenfelt set a new unofficial world record for the Ironman-distance triathlon, in a time of 6:44:25.


title: Kristian Blummenfelt

text: Blummenfelt is the world record holder for the 70.3 distance, setting a time of 3:29:04 in 2018 and both repeating the feat and bettering his own mark in 2019 with a time of 3:25:21. This was the third victory for him in as many years at the Ironman 70.3 Middle East Championships held in Bahrain. Despite competing in the ITU World Triathlon Series for a number of years, his highest finish was second place until 31 August 2019 when he took the gold at the Grand Final in Lausanne.


title: Kristian Blummenfelt

text: Blummenfelt was part of a 1-2-3 Norwegian finish at WTS Bermuda in 2018, finishing second to his compatriot Casper Stornes and ahead of their third teammate Gustav Iden. This was the first time this feat had been achieved in the ITU. A similar feat was achieved at the 70.3 Middle East Championships in Bahrain in 2018, with Blummenfelt finishing first ahead of Iden with Stornes in third place.


title: Kristian Blummenfelt

text: As a track runner, he represented the clubs Fana IL and TIF Viking and competed in the junior race at the 2011 European Cross Country Championships. In the triathlon he won a bronze medal at the 2015 European Championships and placed 13th at the 2016 Olympics.


title: Kristian Blummenfelt

text: In 2017, Blummenfelt achieved 3 silvers, a bronze and registered one DNF in the ITU WTS. Blummenfelt finished the 2017 season ranking 3rd overall in the WTS, a career-best placing in the competition to date. Blummenfelt raced the 70.3 Ironman Middle East Championships 2017 for the first time and finished in the top spot, registering a time of 3:40:24.


title: Kristian Blummenfelt

text: In 2018, in the WTS, Blummenfelt achieved 4 podium places with three silvers and a bronze, together with registering two DNFs at Yokohama and Abu Dhabi.


title: Kristian Blummenfelt

text: Blummenfelt finished the 2018 season ranking 5th overall in the WTS. Blummenfelt raced the 70.3 Ironman Middle East Championships 2018 for the second year running, finished in the top spot and in doing so set a new world record for the distance of 3:29:04. This same year Blummenfelt has also began participating in Super League Triathlon (SLT) events. In 2021 he participated in SLT Malibu, as a wildcard for Team Rhinos. He finished the race 5th.


title: Kristian Blummenfelt

text: In 2019, Blummenfelt achieved his first career gold at ITU World Triathlon Series level at the Grand Final in Lausanne on 31 August. He finished the year with an World Triathlon Series (WTS) ranking of 10th overall, capping off a year where he failed to make the podium in any other ITU WTS races, and registered a DNF three times (Tokyo, Hamburg and Yokohama). Blummenfelt raced the 70.3 Ironman Middle East Championships 2019 for the third year running, beating his previous world record time to win and set a new mark of 3:25:21.


title: Kristian Blummenfelt

text: Due to the events of the COVID-19 outbreak the 2020 World Triathlon Series consisted of a single race.


title: Kristian Blummenfelt

text: Blummenfelt trains up to eight hours a day, swimming about 10 km, cycling about 300 km and running about 100 km per week. During the 2020 Summer Olympics, Blummenfelt won the gold medal in Men's Triathlon.


title: Kristian Blummenfelt

text: The 2021 World Championship was held in St. George, Utah on 7 May 2022. The delay and change from the original Kona, Hawaii venue were due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On this date, the Ironman World Championship men's record was broken by Kristian Blummenfelt with a time of 7:49:16.


title: Battle of Worcester

text: The Battle of Worcester took place on 3 September 1651 in and around the city of Worcester, England and was the last major battle of the 1639 to 1653 Wars of the Three Kingdoms. A Parliamentarian army of around 28,000 under Oliver Cromwell defeated a largely Scottish Royalist force of 16,000 led by Charles II of England.


title: Battle of Worcester

text: The Royalists took up defensive positions in and around the city of Worcester. The area of the battle was bisected by the River Severn, with the River Teme forming an additional obstacle to the south-west of Worcester. Cromwell divided his army into two main sections, divided by the Severn, in order to attack from both the east and south-west. There was fierce fighting at river crossing points and two dangerous sorties by the Royalists against the eastern Parliamentary force were beaten back. Following the storming of a major redoubt to the east of the city, the Parliamentarians entered Worcester and organised Royalist resistance collapsed. Charles II was able to escape capture.


title: Battle of Worcester

text: The King was aided by Scottish allies and was attempting to regain the throne that had been lost when his father Charles I was executed. The commander of the Scots, David Leslie, supported the plan of fighting in Scotland, where royal support was strongest. Charles, however, insisted on making war in England. He calculated that Cromwell's campaign north of the River Forth would allow the main Scottish Royalist army which was south of the Forth to steal the march on the Roundhead New Model Army in a race to London. He hoped to rally not merely the old faithful Royalists, but also the overwhelming numerical strength of the English Presbyterians to his standard. He calculated that his alliance with the Scottish Presbyterian Covenanters and his signing of the Solemn League and Covenant would encourage English Presbyterians to support him against the English Independent faction which had grown in power over the last few years. The Royalist army was kept well in hand, no excesses were allowed, and in a week the Royalists covered 150 miles in marked contrast to the Duke of Hamilton's ill-fated expedition of 1648. On 8 August the troops were given a well-earned rest between Penrith and Kendal.