title: Dulwich

text: Dulwich (; ) is an area in south London, England. The settlement is mostly in the London Borough of Southwark, with parts in the London Borough of Lambeth, and consists of Dulwich Village, East Dulwich, West Dulwich, and the Southwark half of Herne Hill (which is often referred to as the North Dulwich triangle). Dulwich lies in a valley between the neighbouring districts of Camberwell (to the west), Crystal Palace, Denmark Hill, Forest Hill, Peckham, Sydenham Hill, and Tulse Hill.


title: Dulwich

text: For the last four centuries Dulwich has been centred on the College of God's Gift, also known as the "Old College", which owned most of the land in the area today known as the Dulwich Estate. The College, founded with educational and charitable aims, established three large independent schools in the 19th century (Dulwich College, Alleyn's School and James Allen's Girls' School). In recent decades four large state secondary schools have opened in the area (The Charter School East Dulwich, The Charter School North Dulwich, Kingsdale Foundation School and Harris Boys' Academy East Dulwich).


title: Dulwich

text: Dulwich formed part of the ancient parish of Camberwell in Surrey, which became the Metropolitan Borough of Camberwell within the County of London in 1889; in 1965, the borough was abolished and the area became part of the newly-created London Borough of Southwark.


title: Dulwich

text: The first documented evidence of Dulwich is as a hamlet outside London in 967 AD, granted by King Edgar to one of his thanes Earl Aelfheah. The name of Dulwich has been spelt in various ways, Dilwihs, Dylways, Dullag, and may come from two old English words, Dill, a white flower, and wihs, meaning a damp meadow, giving a meaning of "the meadow where dill grows". Harold Godwinson owned the land at one point, and after 1066, King William I of England. In 1333, the population of Dulwich was recorded as 100.


title: Dulwich

text: In 1538, Henry VIII sold the area to goldsmith Thomas Calton for £609. Calton's grandson Sir Francis Calton sold the Manor of Dulwich for £4,900 in 1605 to Elizabethan actor and entrepreneur Edward Alleyn. He vested his wealth in a charitable foundation, the College of God's Gift, established in 1619. The charity's modern successor, The Dulwich Estate, still owns in the area, including a number of private roads and a tollgate. As part of the foundation, Alleyn also constructed a school, the Christ's Chapel (where Alleyn is buried) and alms houses in Dulwich (today the Dulwich Almshouse Charity). Alleyn's original school building is no longer used for that purpose, instead now housing the Estate's Governors.


title: Dulwich

text: In the 17th century, King Charles I of England visited Dulwich Woods on a regular basis to hunt. In 1738, a man named Samuel Bentyman was murdered in Dulwich Woods. On 5 August 1677 John Evelyn writes that he took the waters at Dulwich. The Dulwich waters were cried about the streets of London as far back as 1678. In 1739, Mr. Cox, master of the Green Man, a tavern situated about a mile south of the village of Dulwich, sunk a well for his family. The water was found to be possessed of purgative qualities, and was for some time used medicinally. While the water was popular much custom was drawn to the adjoining tavern, and its proprietor flourished. The oak-lined formal avenue, known as Cox's Walk, leading from the junction of Dulwich Common and Lordship Lane


title: Dulwich

text: was cut soon after 1732 by Francis Cox to connect his establishment of the Green Man Tavern and Dulwich Wells with the more popular Sydenham Wells.


title: Dulwich

text: By 1815 the Green Man had become a school known as Dr. Glennie's academy in Dulwich Grove, although it was demolished about ten years later. Among the pupils here there were a few who became well known, Lord Byron, General Le Marchant and Captain Barclay. Dr Glennie held Saturday evening concerts which attracted visitors from outside the family circle, such as the poet Thomas Campbell, then living in nearby Sydenham, and Robert Barker, inventor of the panorama. Following the closure of the school, the building reverted to its original use and was known as the Grove Tavern. The building has now been boarded up and neglected for many years by owners the Dulwich Estate. In 1803, Samuel Matthews – known as the "Dulwich Hermit" – was also murdered in Dulwich Woods; he was buried in Dulwich Old Cemetery. 1811–1814 saw the building of the Dulwich Picture Gallery.


title: Dulwich

text: The school founded by Alleyn expanded in 1842 into a small new building, designed by Sir Charles Barry who designed Westminster Palace, known as the Old Grammar School next to the Old College. In 1857, the foundation was restructured as part of a nationwide review of educational foundations; this resulted in a significant expansion of the school, which was split into an Upper School (later Dulwich College) which moved into new buildings designed by Charles Barry (junior) in 1870, and a Lower School (later Alleyn's School) which moved to its present day site in Townley Road in 1887.


title: Dulwich

text: By 1901, the population was recorded as 10,247. In the Second World War, Dulwich was hit by many V-1 flying bombs and V-2 rockets. A possible explanation for this is that the British military when announcing V-1 and V-2 explosions deliberately gave map co-ordinates four miles north of the truth in an attempt to protect densely populated central London and focus the drops on the open spaces in the suburbs instead.


title: Dulwich

text: Dulwich Village contains the original shopping street and still contains nearly all of its original 18th and 19th century buildings. It remains very uncommercialised and is a conservation zone. The village borders on Dulwich Park, where the Dulwich Horse and Motor Show is held every year.


title: Dulwich

text: Dulwich is also home to Dulwich Hamlet F.C., founded in 1893 and competing in the National League South today. They ground share with another Non-League football club Fisher F.C. at Champion Hill in East Dulwich. In recent years Sainsbury's acquired the site, built DHFC a new ground, and developed one of the largest Sainsbury's in the country. The Old Alleynian Football Club is a local rugby union team originally for former pupils of Dulwich College, but is now open to all who wish to play. Dulwich Paragon cycling club are also based in the area.


title: Dulwich

text: Dulwich Park was opened in 1890. It was formerly farmland, part of the Court Farm, and now offers duck and rowing ponds, children's play area, bowling green, tennis court, bridle path for horse-riding, and a café.


title: Dulwich

text: Dulwich Hospital in East Dulwich Grove was designed by Henry Jarvis and built on of land purchased in East Dulwich by the Guardians of the Poor of the Parish of St Saviour, Southwark, for the price of £50,000 in 1885. At the time of opening in 1887, it offered a 723-bed capacity. It was transformed from an infirmary into the Southwark Military Hospital during World War I, when it is estimated 14,000–15,000 wounded soldiers were treated at the hospital. After the Poor Law was abolished in 1930, the Southwark Union Infirmary was renamed Dulwich Hospital and the following year an operating theatre was built. In 1964, the hospital was aligned with King's College Hospital on Denmark Hill. There is no casualty department at Dulwich at present. However, in 2015 it was announced that Dulwich Hospital was to be closed and replaced by a school.


title: Dulwich

text: There is a memorial fountain in Dulwich Village which is in remembrance to Dr George Webster, founder of the first British Medical Association (BMA), who worked in Dulwich from 1815 until his death in 1875.


title: Dulwich

text: Old Burial Ground, Dulwich Village, was created by Edward Alleyn as part of the foundation of his College of God's Gift. The Archbishop of Canterbury, George Abbot, conducted the consecration on Sunday 1 September 1616. Guests included Edmund Bowyer, Thomas Grimes, William Gresham, Thomas Hunt, and Jeremiah Turner. Thirty five Dulwich victims of the plague were buried in unmarked graves in the ground. Old Bridget, queen of the Norwood Gypsies (who appeared in the writings of Samuel Pepys) was also buried here in 1768. The ground was declared "full" in 1858, however the family of Louisa Shroeder obtained special permission for her remains to be interred in 1868. The ground's wrought iron gates and twelve tombs are Grade II listed.


title: Dulwich

text: The old Grammar School adjacent to the Old College and Almshouses at the junction of Burbage Road and Gallery Road was designed by Charles Barry (senior).


title: Dulwich

text: Belair House on the boundary between West Dulwich and Dulwich itself, is opposite West Dulwich railway station and was designed in 1785 for John Files. It remained a private house until 1938 when it came into the hands of Southwark Council. It fell into disrepair in the 1990s but was bought in 1998 and refurbished and turned into an upmarket restaurant. The house has a large park ground attached which is now public, including tennis courts and a children's play area. This area used to be the fields for its farm. The lake is the only substantial stretch of the ancient River Effra remaining above ground.


title: Dulwich

text: Bell House (Dulwich) in College Road was designed in 1767 for Thomas Wright, a stationer and later Lord Mayor of the City of London. A large extension was added in the mid-19th century and it is accompanied by a lodge house. The house is Grade II listed. Its name comes from its Bell Tower situated on top of the original house and the bell was restored in the late 1990s. It became a Dulwich College boarding house in 1926 and only returned to private ownership in 1993. The house was bought in the summer of 2016 by an educational charity.


title: Dulwich

text: The Crown and Greyhound public house is in Dulwich Village. In the 19th century, two separate pubs stood in this area - the centre of Dulwich Village. The Crown was for the labourers of the area, while the Greyhound across the road, was for local gentry. The Greyhound was a coach stop on the London Piccadilly-Sittingbourne route. Charles Dickens was a frequent visitor to the village and used to drink at The Greyhound pub. The current pub known as "The Dog", is a Grade II listed building. In the 1960s, it used to be known as the venue of the "Dulwich Poets".


title: Dulwich

text: One of the area's most famous residents and architects was Sir George Frederick Ellyatt (founder of the architecture practice, Ellyatt & Porter). He was responsible for the design or influence of in excess of 25 homes in the area, each built in its own individual style. One of the most notable homes was Crossways, 1 Dulwich Village, which he built as his own home following being granted permission to do so in January 1927 at a cost of just over £2000 and with a ground rent of £22 10s per annum. Uniquely, Ellyatt sought and was granted permission to build in 9" solid brick walls rather than 11" cavity walls (as was usual convention) as long as he used cement mortar. The site was originally occupied by a Georgian built home, known locally as "the Hall" which had become partially derelict during World War I and was demolished in 1925. Crossways still exists in substantially the same manner and form as when it was originally built.


title: Dulwich

text: The Dulwich Wood and Sydenham Hill area contains mid-century housing estates designed by Austin Vernon and Partners for the Dulwich Estate. Examples include Peckarmans Wood and Great Brownings.


title: Dulwich

text: All Saints Church, West Dulwich (Church of England) alongside Rosendale Road is a Victorian Gothic building, originally intended to be the cathedral for south London. The church was built between 1888 and 1897 and designed by George Fellowes Prynne, a pupil of George Edmund Street. Although plans were scaled down it was still a huge building and is a Grade I listed building. Unfortunately it was gutted by a huge fire on 9 June 2000, the cause remains unknown. The building reopened in April 2006 after a three-year restoration project.


title: Dulwich

text: St Barnabas' Church (Church of England) lies on Calton Avenue at the edge of Dulwich Village. The old church was designed by W H Wood of Newcastle upon Tyne and consecrated in 1894. However the original church burnt down in an arson attack by 'unknown persons' on Monday 7 December 1992. The "Phoenix appeal" raised money to build a new church and the replacement structure, designed by Larry Malcic with an all-glass spire, was opened in 1996.


title: Dulwich

text: Grace Church Dulwich is situated on Turney Road and was built in 1900. The church is currently a conservative evangelical Church of England church and meets on Sunday mornings at 10:30. The building is otherwise home to Rosendale School.


title: Dulwich

text: In the south, the spire of St. Stephen's Church can be seen above the trees of Dulwich Wood, adjacent to Sydenham Hill railway station.


title: Dulwich

text: Dulwich sits astride the South Circular (A205), one of London's Ring Roads. Also passing through the area is the A2199 and College Road, which features a working tollgate dating back to 1789.


title: Dulwich

text: The journey to London Victoria from West Dulwich takes about 12 minutes and there are direct trains to and from London Blackfriars and points north on the Thameslink line during the morning and evening peak periods respectively, East Dulwich is 12 minutes from London Bridge and North Dulwich is 14 minutes from London Bridge. The nearest stations are in: Denmark Hill, East Dulwich, West Dulwich, North Dulwich, Gipsy Hill, Herne Hill, Peckham Rye, Sydenham Hill and Tulse Hill.


title: Dulwich

text: Dulwich is served by London Buses routes 3, 12, 37, 40, 42, 176, 185, 197, 201, 363, 484, 450, P4 and P13.


title: Dulwich

text: Famous people born in the area include: artist Madge Tennent in 1889; the author, Enid Blyton in 1897; the first compiler of the London A-Z, Phyllis Pearsall in East Dulwich in 1906, she went on to live in Dulwich Village; code breaker extraordinaire Mavis Batey, then Mavis Lever, was born in Dulwich on May 5, 1921; the war-time singer Anne Shelton who lived on Court Lane until shortly before her death in 1994; also on Court Lane, Dr Reginald John Gladstone FRSE embryologist, lived here until his house was destroyed in the blitz in 1941; footballer Trevor Sinclair in 1973; the actor Tim Roth in 1961; the TV personality Lisa Vanderpump in 1960; and actress Sally Hawkins in 1976.


title: Dulwich

text: In 1980, Bon Scott, the lead singer of AC/DC, after a night's heavy drinking, was found lifeless in a car outside 67 Overhill Road, East Dulwich. He was rushed to hospital but was dead on arrival at King's College Hospital.


title: Dulwich

text: The Village has also long been popular with people in show business; Ronnie Corbett lived there for years. Carl Barât, Libertines lead singer, lives on Lordship Lane. Ronnie Reed, who ran double agents during the Second World War, and was an MI5 officer from 1940 to 1976, lived in Court Lane Gardens from 1960 to 1995. Huw Edwards, the "BBC News at Ten" newsreader, resides in Dulwich. Actor Iain Glen also lives in the village.


title: Dulwich

text: Dulwich has also been home to several Members of Parliament and senior Civil Servants. Margaret Thatcher bought a house in a "gated community" in Dulwich after her time as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. Edward George, Baron George, governor of the Bank of England and himself an Old Alleynian, lived in Gilkes Crescent just off the Village until his retirement. Ian McColl, Baron McColl of Dulwich who served as John Major's Parliamentary Private Secretary in the House of Lords, also lives there.


title: Dulwich

text: Admiral Sir Michael Boyce, a former Chief of the Defence Staff, lived in Woodwarde Road and Sir John Scarlett, head of MI6, lived just off the South Circular Road. Harriet Harman MP lives in Winterbrook Road, Albert Booth MP, Secretary of State for Employment under Jim Callaghan, lived on the corner of Woodwarde Road and Desenfans Road and Sir Robin Butler, secretary to the Cabinet, lived in Half Moon Lane.


title: Dulwich

text: In the closing chapter of Charles Dickens' romance "The Pickwick Papers", Samuel Pickwick retires to a house in Dulwich, "one of the most pleasant spots near London."


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: The franchise has had various soundtracks, remix albums and compilations released around it. The franchise has sold more than 9million albums and singles.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: Shirō Sagisu composed most of the music for "Neon Genesis Evangelion" and for the original TV show's three OST albums. He received the 1997 Kobe Animation award for "Best Music Score". King Records and their label Starchild (specializing in music, animation and film) distributed most of the albums, singles and box sets. For the anime series, Yoko Takahashi performed the song "A Cruel Angel's Thesis" which was used as the opening theme song for the series. The song "Fly Me to the Moon" originally by Bart Howard was performed by various voice actors from the anime series and these versions of the song were used as the ending theme song for the series. Theme songs were also granted for the films in the franchise "", its follow-up "The End of Evangelion" and four installments of the "Rebuild of Evangelion" film series.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: is the theme song used in the anime performed by Yoko Takahashi. It was used as the opening to the series, and two instrumental versions of it were played in the finale episode titled "Take care of yourself." These versions are named "The Heady Feeling of Freedom" and "Good, or Don't Be", scored for violin, piano, and guitar. The single was released on October 25, 1995 with the part number KIDA-116. It also reached a peak rank 17 in the Oricon album database, in which it appeared 61 times in total.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: "Fly Me to the Moon" is one of the theme songs in the "Neon Genesis Evangelion" series. In the anime it was used as the ending theme. Various artists including voice actors from the franchise have performed the song. It has mainly been performed by Claire Littley, Yoko Takahashi, Megumi Hayashibara, Yuko Miyamura, Aki, and Aya. Hikaru Utada also performed their version of "Fly Me to the Moon" for the film "".


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: was the theme song used for the first film in the "Neon Genesis Evangelion" franchise, "Evangelion: Death and Rebirth". It was performed by Yoko Takahashi and released as a single on February 21, 1997. Takahashi later remixed the song as "Soul's Refrain (Erato Version)" for her 1997 album "Li-La".


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: "Thanatos -If I Can't Be Yours-" (stylized "THANATOS-IF I CAN'T BE YOURS-" in Japan) was the theme song used in the continuation and completion of the previous films "Death and Rebirth", "The End of Evangelion". LOREN & MASH performed the song in the original and the 9 Years After mix version, which was composed by Shirō Sagisu and played in the credits that appear between episodes 25' and 26'. Loren and Mash also sang various songs in "Neon Genesis Evangelion". Other songs by Loren include the "Komm, süsser Tod" Tumbling Down Remix among other songs on "Evangelion: Vox". Other songs by Mash include various songs on "Evangelion: Vox", including "X-plicit" and "Armageddon", a rap version of Pachelbel's Canon in D, complete with string quartet.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: "Komm, süsser Tod" (German, also rendered as "Komm, süßer Tod"; ; "Come, Sweet Death" in English; 甘き死よ、来たれ in Japanese) is a song, performed by Arianne Cleopatra Schreiber (who released two new versions in March 2012), with piano, Hammond organ, and various string arrangements orchestrated by Shirō Sagisu. It is sung in English and used in the 1997 animated film "The End of Evangelion" during the beginning of the Third Impact.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: Hideaki Anno wrote both the original Japanese lyrics for this song and the unused "Everything You've Ever Dreamed", which was also sung by Arianne and composed by Shirō Sagisu (it later appeared on the "Refrain of Evangelion" album). The songs were then adapted into English by Mike Wyzgowski and performed by Arianne. The song's melody has been compared to that of "Hey Jude" by The Beatles.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: An instrumental version of this song is used during the Evangelion ending in "". Notably, the song plays during a far more optimistic version of the events of "End of Evangelion", with Shinji and Asuka rescuing Rei and averting the Human Instrumentality Project.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: "Beautiful World" is Hikaru Utada's 19th Japanese single and their 26th single overall. The single was released on 29 August 2007. "Beautiful World" was used as the theme song for the first installment of the "Rebuild of Evangelion" series of films, "Evangelion: 1.0 You Are (Not) Alone". It peak ranked 2nd in the Oricon singles charts and remained there for 26 weeks.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: "Beautiful World (Planitb Acoustica Mix)" is a remix of "Beautiful World" by Hikaru Utada. In May 2009, Hikaru Utada was announced to return to the series and provide the theme song for the second film in the "Rebuild of Evangelion" series, "". "Beautiful World" was re-released in 2009 as "Beautiful World: Planitb Acoustica Mix" for the release of the movie after previously being released to be used as the theme song for the first film.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: is Hikaru Utada's 26th Japanese single and their 34th single overall, written in collaboration with Paul Carter. The single was released on November 17, 2012. "Sakura Nagashi" was used as the theme song for the third of the "Rebuild of Evangelion" series of films, "". It peaked at number 1 on the Billboard Japan Weekly Charts.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: "One Last Kiss" is Hikaru Utada's first and thus far only EP. It was released in the US on March 9, 2021. "One Last Kiss" was used as the theme song for the fourth of the "Rebuild of Evangelion" series of films, "". It peaked at number 1 on the iTunes Japan Weekly Charts.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: "Neon Genesis Evangelion" is the first soundtrack album for the anime series. It was produced by Hideaki Anno and released under the King Record label Starchild with catalog number KICA-286 on December 6, 1995. It was recorded on November 22, 1995,


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: and peaked at number 12 on the Oricon albums chart, staying in the chart for 22 weeks. The album was re-released on DVD-Audio with catalog number KIAW-21 on December 22, 2004. The album was released in the US by Geneon Entertainment on January 1, 2004.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: Track #1 is the director-edited version of the opening theme "A Cruel Angel's Thesis" performed by Yoko Takahashi with lyrics by Neko Oikawa. Track #2 and #23 are two versions of Bart Howard's "Fly Me to the Moon"; the closing anime theme was recorded at Abbey Road Studios and performed by Claire and Yoko Takahashi, respectively. The liner notes contain the lyrics for the two theme songs. A vinyl print of the album came out on September 9, 2015.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: "Neon Genesis Evangelion II" is the second soundtrack album released for the "Neon Genesis Evangelion" anime series. It was produced by Hideaki Anno, while Shirō Sagisu composed the tracks (unless stated otherwise). The King Records label Starchild released the album with the catalog number KICA-290 on February 16, 1996, and the album peaked at number 4 on the Oricon albums chart where it stayed for 15 weeks. The album was re-released as a DVD-Audio with catalog number KIAW-22 on December 22, 2004.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: "Neon Genesis Evangelion III" is a soundtrack album featuring music from the "Neon Genesis Evangelion" anime series. The album reached a peak of rank 1 on the Oricon album database, with 11 frequent appearances. Shirō Sagisu composed the music, the label Starchild distributed the album with Hideaki Anno as the producer. It was released on May 22, 1996 and on August 3, 2004 by Geneon Anime Music.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: "Neon Genesis Evangelion Addition" is the fourth music album released relating to the Neon Genesis Evangelion franchise. It features three instrumental, five vocal, and four drama tracks. "Addition" was released on December 21, 1996 in Japan by King Records in a limited and a regular edition, which respectively bear the catalog numbers KICA-333 and KICA-334. The limited edition album was released to include a movie ticket for the first Evangelion movie, "Evangelion: Death and Rebirth", which was released on March 15, 1997. The album cover features an illustration by Yoshiyuki Sadamoto, the series character designer.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: "Addition" features the voice actresses for Rei Ayanami (Megumi Hayashibara), Asuka Langley Soryu (Yuko Miyamura), and Misato Katsuragi (Kotono Mitsuishi), who between them account for seven of the twelve tracks. The classical pieces of music in the album are "Chorus: Hallelujah" and "Chorus: Worthy is the Lamb...Amen" from "Messiah" by George Frideric Handel, played by the Amor Artis Chorale & English Chamber Orchestra and conducted by Johannes Somary, and "4th Mov: Presto" (Symphony No. 9 in D minor Op. 125 "Choral") ("Ode to Joy") by Ludwig van Beethoven, played by the Brussels Philharmonic and conducted by Alexander Rahbari.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: Hayashibara, Miyamura, and Mitsuishi are accompanied by the voice actor for Shinji Ikari and the supporting characters on the drama track "Shuukyoku no Tsudzuki" ("After the End"), a comedic parody in which the reunited cast tries to come up with ways to continue "Evangelion" when popular demand makes the studio order them to produce a "third" season even though the TV series ended after a 26-episode run. Presented as a "lost 27th episode", the comedy revolves around the characters breaking the fourth wall, and behaving as if they are really actors who portray the characters on the series while at other times acting as if they are the characters in the series. They try to increase the sex appeal of the series, change the show's format, and try to explain what the Angels actually are. However, when their efforts prove "unsuccessful", they decide to give up on it. Humorous moments of the drama include Rei finally lashing out against Asuka's abuse, the Evangelion pilots being changed to resemble Super Sentai characters, Asuka and Kaworu interacting for the only time in the series, and the cast re-enacting the first episode solely by their own vocal sound effects.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: "Evangelion: Death" is a soundtrack album released on June 11, 1997 by the King Records label Star Child, containing music from the first part of the first "Evangelion" film, "". It reached a peak of rank 1 in the Oricon album database. Shirō Sagisu composed most of the music. The disc has several tuning tracks and string solos that are portrayed in the film as being played by the four primary Evangelion pilots. The disc includes as bonus tracks "False Regeneration" from the "Rebith" part of the film as well as Giuseppe Verdi's Requiem. The CD is no longer in print.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: "The End of Evangelion" is the soundtrack album of the 1997 film "The End of Evangelion". It features music composed and conducted by Shirō Sagisu. It also features the ending theme as well as Johann Sebastian Bach's "Air on the G String" and "Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben, BWV 147". It was released on September 26, 1997 on King Records's Starchild label, peaking at number 3 on Oricon's albums chart. Geneon Entertainment released the album on May 11, 2004 in North America.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: "Neon Genesis Evangelion: S² Works" is a soundtrack box set of music from the anime television series "Neon Genesis Evangelion" and the first two "Evangelion" films, "Evangelion: Death and Rebirth" and "The End of Evangelion". Released on December 4, 1998, it peaked at number 38 in the Oricon album chart, making 2 appearances in total. It was distributed by King Records and composed mostly by Shirō Sagisu. In addition to tracks included on earlier "Evangelion" soundtracks, this 7-disc set includes many unused songs and alternate mixes or arrangements of existing songs. It was issued as a limited edition release. The title is based on the fictional internal organ and infinite energy source of the Angels called the S² Engine.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: "Music from Evangelion: 1.0 You Are (Not) Alone" is the first soundtrack album featuring music from the film "Evangelion: 1.0 You Are (Not) Alone", composed by Shirō Sagisu. The album peaked at number 28 in the Oricon database, making 6 appearances in total. All tracks featured on the album are presented in their entirety, without being edited for film length. Most of the songs are new versions of background music from the original "Evangelion" animated television series. The score was recorded by the London Studio Orchestra at Abbey Road Studios in London, England.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: The album was released on September 25, 2007 by Starchild. The executive producers are Hideaki Anno and Toshimichi Otsuki while Shirō Sagisu produced the music (acting also as the composer and conductor) and Tomohiro Ogawa.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: "Evangelion: 1.0 You Are (Not) Alone Original Soundtrack" (catalog number KICA 886) is the second soundtrack album of the 2007 film "Evangelion: 1.0 You Are (Not) Alone". It features music composed by Shirō Sagisu, edited for film length, as well as the film's theme songs performed by Hikaru Utada and three bonus songs (those that Shinji listens to on his SDAT, although two of them were not used in the film) sung by Misato Katsuragi's voice actress Kotono Mitsuishi. The first press version of the soundtrack included a white slipcover and an "Evangelion: 1.0" postcard. The London Studio Orchestra performed the score, which was recorded at Abbey Road Studios, and Hideaki Anno and Toshimichi Otsuki produced the music. It peaked at number 38 on the Oricon albums chart, making a total of 9 appearances on the chart. The album was released on May 25, 2008 by Starchild.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: "Evangelion: 2.0 You Can (Not) Advance Original Soundtrack" is the soundtrack album of the 2009 film "Evangelion: 2.0 You Can (Not) Advance". It peaked at number 8 in the Oricon album charts, charting for a total of 16 weeks. It features music composed by Shirō Sagisu and performed by the London Studio Orchestra as well as a choir of four. The executive producers were Hideaki Anno and Toshimichi Otsuki while Shirō Sagisu provided the keyboard and programming as well as two bonus songs. The album was released on July 8, 2009 in both a single-disc regular edition (catalog number KICA 985) containing the music as edited for the film, and a special edition (catalog number KICA 983/4) that features an additional disc containing unedited versions of the music and a twenty-page booklet with commentary by Shirō Sagisu, as well as sheet music excerpts. The first press edition of the special edition included a hard plastic orange slipcover and an "Evangelion: 2.0" postcard. Starchild released the album. In their review, iSugoi.com gave the "Evangelion: 2.0 You Can (Not) Advance Original Sound Track" a 96%, and commented that "Overall, this is a soundtrack that should please as well as surprise fans. Even as a standalone soundtrack, it's still an incredibly realized and focused soundtrack. Shirō Sagisu continues to strive forward in delivering an impressive and satisfying contribution to the realm of Evangelion."


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: "Music from Evangelion: 3.0 You Can (Not) Redo" is the soundtrack album of the 2012 film "Evangelion: 3.0 You Can (Not) Redo". It features music composed by Shirō Sagisu. The music featured is presented in its entirety, without being edited for film length. The album was released on November 28, 2012.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: "Evangelion: 3.0 You Can (Not) Redo Original Soundtrack" is the second soundtrack album of Evangelion: 3.0 You Can (Not) Redo. It features music composed by Shirō Sagisu exactly as it appears in the film as well as the film's credit song performed by Hikaru Utada. It was sold as a first press release with the Blu-Ray/DVD of the movie and was released on April 24, 2013.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: "Music from "Shin Evangelion" Evangelion: 3.0+1.0" is the soundtrack album of the 2021 film "Evangelion: 3.0+1.0 Thrice Upon a Time". It features music composed by Shirō Sagisu. The music featured is presented in its entirety, without being edited for film length. The album was released on March 17, 2021.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: "Evangelion: The Day of Second Impact" is a soundtrack album featuring music from the "Neon Genesis Evangelion" TV series and the films "Evangelion: Death and Rebirth" and "The End of Evangelion". It was released in Japan on September 13, 2000 by King Records and in North America on September 7, 2004 by Geneon Entertainment and peaked at number 20 in the Oricon charts, ultimately making just 2 appearances. All of the songs on this album previously appeared on other "Evangelion" albums or singles.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: As the title implies, it is based around the Second Impact, a pivotal event in the "Evangelion" storyline. The album release date matches that of the fictional event.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: "Evangelion: The Birthday of Rei Ayanami" is the twelfth music album released in the "Neon Genesis Evangelion" franchise. As the title indicates, its focus is Rei Ayanami, one of the three primary protagonists of "Neon Genesis Evangelion". The album features background music and instrumental tracks related to Rei's appearances in the "Neon Genesis Evangelion" TV series and movies. It also contains vocal tracks by her voice actress, Megumi Hayashibara, for the "Rei Ayanami versions" of certain songs related to "Neon Genesis Evangelion". "The Birthday of Rei Ayanami" was released on March 30, 2001 in Japan by King Records, Hayashibara's 34th birthday. Rei Ayanami's in-universe birth date is unknown. "The Birthday of Rei Ayanami" was only released in Japan. It peaked at number 45 in the Oricon albums chart and made just 3 appearances.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: The album cover features an illustration by Yoshiyuki Sadamoto, the character designer for the series. The CD itself depicts the front part of Rei's plug suit bearing the inscription 00, which refers to her designated Evangelion, Unit 00. The album was produced by Kouji Asano and Takashi Tokuhara.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: "Refrain of Evangelion" is a soundtrack album featuring music from the anime television series "Neon Genesis Evangelion" and the films "Evangelion: Death and Rebirth" and "The End of Evangelion". This album also features an unused song from "The End of Evangelion" called "Everything You've Ever Dreamed" as a special bonus, although it had previously been included on Disc 6 of the "Neon Genesis Evangelion: S² Works" box set.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: On May 26, 2003, King Records released the album in Japan and Geneon Entertainment released it in America on November 9, 2004, while it reached number 62 in the Oricon database, making a total of 6 appearances.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: "Neon Genesis Evangelion Decade" is an album released to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the date the TV series began airing. The album peaked at number 24 in the Oricon charts, making 90 appearances on the chart. In addition to the music used in the anime, the theme song "A Cruel Angel's Thesis" was also newly recorded and sung by Yoko Takahashi. The album was released in Japan on November 26, 2005 by King Records on 1 disc with a length of 73 minutes.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: "Neon Genesis Evangelion Soundtrack 25th Anniversary Box" is an album released to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the date the TV series began airing. The album was released in Japan on October 7, 2020 by King Records.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: "Evangelion Finally" is an album released to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the date the TV series began airing. In addition to the music used in the anime, the ending song "Fly Me to the Moon" and "I'm Back to the Primitive Mind" were also newly recorded and sung by Yoko Takahashi. The album also features Shiawase wa Tsumi no Nioi ("Happiness is the smell of sin" in english) the main theme to the spinoff video game . The album was released in Japan on October 7, 2020, by King Records. The album debuted at number 111 on the US "Billboard" 200 in May 2021.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: "Evangelion-VOX" is an album consisting of songs from and based on the "Neon Genesis Evangelion" anime television series and the movie "The End of Evangelion". It was recorded in 1997 and released December 3, 1997. The songs are R&B/hip-hop remakes of several pieces of background music from the "Evangelion" series. The album was released by Starchild Records and produced by Shirō Sagisu. It peaked at number 10 on the Oricon albums chart, making 6 appearances.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: It was released under the King Record's label Starchild with catalog number KICA-3216 on October 23, 2013.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: It was released under the King Record's label Starchild with catalog number KICA-3219 on December 24, 2014.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: is an orchestral live album featuring music from the anime series "Neon Genesis Evangelion". It was recorded at the Bunkamura Orchard Hall in 1997.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: It was released on December 22, 1997 with the catalog number KICA-390/1 on King Records' label Starchild Records. Shirō Sagisu created and produced the music. It also peaked at rank 34 in the Oricon charts, managing to make a total of six consecutive appearances.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: is a CD album containing a recording of Ludwig van Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, as conducted by Alexander Rahbari. The fourth movement was used in the 24th episode of the series, and was previously released on "Neon Genesis Evangelion Addition". It was released on October 22, 1997 by King Records, with the catalog number KICC-231.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: is a double-CD set containing a recording of "Messa da Requiem" by Giuseppe Verdi, as conducted by Alexander Rahbari. The "Dies irae" was used in the trailers for "", and was previously released on "Evangelion:Death". It was released on October 22, 1997 by King Records with the catalog number KICC-232.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: is a soundtrack album released on October 22, 1997 by King Records. It features pieces originally composed by George Frideric Handel, as conducted by Johannes Somary. The Hallelujah chorus and the concluding piece, "CHORUS: Worthy is the Lamb...Amen" were used in the 22nd episode of the series, and were previously released on "Neon Genesis Evangelion Addition". It was released as two CDs with the catalog number KICC-234 and peak ranked 96 in the Oricon charts, making only one appearance.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: is a compilation CD album containing Johann Sebastian Bach's classical pieces used in "" and "The End of Evangelion". It was released on October 22, 1997, produced by King Records with the catalog number KICC 236. The soundtrack was conducted by Vassil Kazandjiev and composed by Bach.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: "Refrain: The Songs Were Inspired by Evangelion" is an album consisting of songs from and based on the "Neon Genesis Evangelion" anime series. Some of the songs are new versions of tracks included on "Neon Genesis Evangelion II", "Neon Genesis Evangelion III" and "Evangelion: Death and Rebirth". All songs are performed by Yoko Takahashi (who performed the opening theme for the series as well as other tracks), track 14 being an exception which was recorded on the streets of London by street singers. This album was released by Starchild and produced by Toshiyuki Ohmori, it was released on November 6, 1997.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: It was released under the King Record with catalog number KKICA-2561 on May 22, 2019. All songs are performed by Yoko Takahashi.


title: Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: "Neon Genesis Evangelion: 2nd Impression" is a 1997 video game for the Sega Saturn. It came with an extra mini-CD with four tracks, catalog number 670–10219.


title: Stata

text: Stata (, , alternatively , occasionally stylized as STATA) is a general-purpose statistical software package developed by StataCorp for data manipulation, visualization, statistics, and automated reporting. It is used by researchers in many fields, including biomedicine, epidemiology, sociology and science.


title: Stata

text: Stata was initially developed by Computing Resource Center in California and the first version was released in 1985. In 1993, the company moved to College Station, TX and was renamed Stata Corporation, now known as StataCorp. A major release in 2003 included a new graphics system and dialog boxes for all commands. Since then, a new version has been released once every two years. The current version is Stata 17, released in April 2021.


title: Stata

text: From its creation, Stata has always employed an integrated command-line interface. Starting with version 8.0, Stata has included a graphical user interface based on Qt framework which uses menus and dialog boxes to give access to many built-in commands. The dataset can be viewed or edited in spreadsheet format. From version 11 on, other commands can be executed while the data browser or editor is opened.


title: Stata

text: Until the release of version 16, Stata could only open a single dataset at any one time. Stata allows for flexibility with assigning data types to data. Its codice_1 command automatically reassigns data to data types that take up less memory without loss of information. Stata utilizes integer storage types which occupy only one or two bytes rather than four, and single-precision (4 bytes) rather than double-precision (8 bytes) is the default for floating-point numbers.


title: Stata

text: Stata's data format is always tabular in format. Stata refers to the columns of tabular data as variables.


title: Stata

text: Stata can import data in a variety of formats. This includes ASCII data formats (such as CSV or databank formats) and spreadsheet formats (including various Excel formats).


title: Stata

text: Stata's proprietary file formats have changed over time, although not every Stata release includes a new dataset format. Every version of Stata can read all older dataset formats, and can write both the current and most recent previous dataset format, using the codice_2 command. Thus, the current Stata release can always open datasets that were created with older versions, but older versions cannot read newer format datasets.


title: Stata

text: Stata can read and write SAS XPORT format datasets natively, using the "fdause" and "fdasave" commands.


title: Stata

text: The development of Stata began in 1984, initially by William (Bill) Gould and later by Sean Becketti. The software was originally intended to compete with statistical programs for personal computers such as SYSTAT and MicroTSP. Stata was written, then as now, in the C programming language, initially for PCs running the DOS operating system. The first version was released in 1985 with 44 commands.


title: Stata

text: There have been 17 major releases of Stata between 1985 and 2021, and additional code and documentation updates between major releases. In its early years, extra sets of Stata programs were sometimes sold as "kits" or distributed as Support Disks. With the release of Stata 6 in 1999, codice_3s began to be delivered to users via the web. The initial release of Stata was for the DOS operating system. Since then, versions of Stata have been released for systems running Unix variants like Linux distributions, Windows, and MacOS. All Stata files are platform-independent.


title: Stata

text: Hundreds of commands have been added to Stata in its 37-year history. Certain developments have proved to be particularly important and continue to shape the user experience today, including extensibility, platform independence, and the active user community.


title: Stata

text: The codice_4 command was implemented in Stata 1.2, giving users the ability to add their own commands. ado-files followed in Stata 2.1, allowing a user-written program to be automatically loaded into memory. Many user-written ado-files are submitted to the [ Statistical Software Components Archive] hosted by Boston College. StataCorp added an codice_5 command to allow community-contributed programs to be added directly within Stata. More recent editions of Stata allow users to call Python and R scripts using commands, as well as allowing Python IDEs like Jupyter Notebooks to import Stata commands.


title: Stata

text: A number of important developments were initiated by Stata's active user community. The "Stata Technical Bulletin", which often contains user-created commands, was introduced in 1991 and issued six times a year. It was relaunched in 2001 as the peer-reviewed "Stata Journal", a quarterly publication containing descriptions of community-contributed commands and tips for the effective use of Stata. In 1994, a listserv began as a hub for users to collaboratively solve coding and technical issues; in 2014, it was converted into a web forum. In 1995, Statacorp began organizing user and developer conferences that meet annually. Only the annual Stata Conference held in the United States is hosted by StataCorp. Other user group meetings are held annually in the United States (the Stata Conference), the UK, Germany, and Italy, and less frequently in several other countries. Local Stata distributors host User Group meetings in their own countries.


title: Stata

text: There are four builds of Stata: Stata/MP, Stata/SE, Stata/BE, and Numerics by Stata. Whereas Stata/MP allows for built-in parallel processing of certain commands, Stata/SE and Stata/BE are bottlenecked and limit usage to only one single core. Stata/MP runs certain commands about 2.4 times faster, roughly 60% of theoretical maximum efficiency, when running parallel processes on four CPU cores compared to SE or BE versions. Numerics by Stata allows for web integration of Stata commands.


title: Stata

text: SE and BE versions differ in the amount of memory datasets may utilize. Though Stata/MP can store 10 to 20 billion observations and up to 120,000 variables, Stata/SE and Stata/BE store up to 2.14 billion observations and handle 32,767 variables and 2,048 variables respectively. The maximum number of independent variables in a model is 65,532 variables in Stata/MP, 10,998 variables in Stata/SE, and 798 variables in Stata/BE.


title: Stata

text: The pricing and licensing of Stata depends on its intended use: business, government/nonprofit, education, or student. Single user licenses are either renewable annually or perpetual. Other license types include a single license for use by concurrent users, a site license, volume single user for bulk pricing, or a student lab.


title: Stata

text: summarize mpg if foreign == 1 // Summary information about mpg if the car is foreign (the "==" sign tests for equality)


title: Stata

text: regress mpg weight wtsq foreign, vce(robust) // Linear regression of mpg on weight, wtsq, and foreign


title: FIVB Volleyball Men's Nations League

text: The FIVB Volleyball Men's Nations League is an annual international volleyball competition contested by the senior men's national teams of the members of the "" (FIVB), the sport's global governing body. The first tournament took place between May and July 2018, with the final taking place in Lille, France. Russia won the inaugural edition, defeating France in the final.


title: FIVB Volleyball Men's Nations League

text: In July 2018, the FIVB announced that USA would host the next three editions of the men's Volleyball Nations League Finals, from 2019–2021. However, it was canceled due to a clash with the U.S. Independence Day (for USA 2020 Hosting). The FIVB then confirmed Turin, Italy as the new host of the final stage of 2020 VNL, but on March 13, 2020 the FIVB decided to postpone the Nations League until after the 2020 Summer Olympics due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, the FIVB canceled the 2020 edition and confirmed Italy as the host of the final stage of the 2021 VNL.


title: FIVB Volleyball Men's Nations League

text: The creation of the tournament was announced in October 2017 (alongside with the announcement of the Challenger Cup) as a joint project between the FIVB, the IMG and 21 national federations. The Nations League replaced the World League, a former annual men's international event that ran between 1990 and 2017.


title: FIVB Volleyball Men's Nations League

text: In June 2017, Argentinian website Voley Plus reported that the FIVB would drastically change the format for both the 2018 World League and World Grand Prix. According to the reports, starting from 2018, the World League and the World Grand Prix would have only one Group (no more Groups 1, 2 and 3) of 16 national teams.


title: FIVB Volleyball Men's Nations League

text: In October 2017, the FIVB announced, via a press release, the creation of the men's and women's Volleyball Nations League, confirming the tournaments as a replacement for the World League and World Grand Prix.


title: FIVB Volleyball Men's Nations League

text: According to the press release, the goal of the tournament would be to revolutionize volleyball competitions, making it one of the most important events in the history of the sport, presenting volleyball in a way that has never been experienced before, building on the innovative sports presentation on display at the Rio 2016 Olympic Games and bringing the action closer to fans around the world. By pushing the boundaries of technology, innovation and digital broadcasting, spectators at home would witness new and diverse angles, showcasing the world class athleticism of each nation's best players.


title: FIVB Volleyball Men's Nations League

text: For the very first time, the FIVB, in collaboration with the sports marketing company IMG, would take complete control of content production, maximizing quality and promoting a compelling on-court narrative, easier for fans to engage with and understand.


title: FIVB Volleyball Men's Nations League

text: The International Volleyball Federation has partnered with global brand strategy and design firm Landor Associates to create the Volleyball Nations League branding. Landor has also contributed with in-stadium and on-screen television graphics, staff uniforms, designs for the World Volleyball app, medals and the winning trophy.


title: FIVB Volleyball Men's Nations League

text: Microsoft, the multinational technology company, has signed an agreement with the FIVB that the international federation vows will change the way the sport of volleyball is consumed while heightening the fan experience during match days as well as in the digital space. Under the tie-up, the "Microsoft Sports Digital Platform" has been created to create new digital services and deliver personalised content on demand in order to boost the FIVB global audience and improve fan engagement.


title: FIVB Volleyball Men's Nations League

text: According to the FIVB, the prize money is equal for both the men's and women's VNL as per the FIVB's gender equality policy. At the preliminary round, the winning team is awarded US$9,000 for every win and the losing team is awarded US$4,000. The winner of the whole competition will receive US$1,000,000. The runner up will receive US$500,000, while the prize money given to third place is US$300,000. The players selected into Dream Team will receive US$10,000 each while the MVP will be given US$30,000.


title: FIVB Volleyball Men's Nations League

text: The FIVB announced that the 2019 Volleyball Nations League (both men's and women's) attracted a cumulative global audience of more than 1.5 billion. This number was an increase of 200 million from the 2018 VNL. In total. more than 600,000 tickets were sold in the 2019 VNL.


title: FIVB Volleyball Men's Nations League

text: As in the former World League, the competition will be divided in two phases, albeit with changes in the competition formula: a preliminary round, with a system of rotating host cities, and a final round played in a pre-selected host city.


title: FIVB Volleyball Men's Nations League

text: The preliminary round is held over five weeks, versus three in the World League. Each week, the participating teams are organized in pools, and each team plays one match against all other teams in its pool. All games in a pool take place over a weekend in the same city.


title: FIVB Volleyball Men's Nations League

text: When all matches of the preliminary round have been played, the top five teams in the overall standings qualify for the final round, and the remaining ones leave the competition. The host nation automatically qualifies for the final round.


title: FIVB Volleyball Men's Nations League

text: 16 national teams will compete in the inaugural edition of the tournament; 12 core teams, which are always qualified, and 4 challenger teams, which can face relegation.


title: FIVB Volleyball Men's Nations League

text: The 16 teams compete in round-robin tournament, with every core team hosting a pool at least once. The teams are divided into 4 pools of 4 teams in each week and compete five weeks long, with a total of 120 matches. The top five teams after the round-robin tournament join the hosts in the final round. The relegation will consider the four challenger teams and the last ranked challenger team will be excluded from the next edition. The winners of the Challenger Cup would qualify for the next edition as a challenger team.


title: FIVB Volleyball Men's Nations League

text: The six qualified teams play in 2 pools of 3 teams in a round-robin format. The top 2 teams of each pool qualify for the semifinals. The first ranked teams play against the second ranked teams in this round. The winners of the semifinals advance to compete for the Nations League title.


title: FIVB Volleyball Men's Nations League

text: The new format is applied to 2022 edition. The whole competition still be divided into two phases: The pool phase and the Finals.


title: FIVB Volleyball Men's Nations League

text: The 16 teams will be divided into 2 groups of eight. Each team will play with 12 matches during the three weeks of the preliminary round. Two pools of eight teams will compete in four matches of six days of competition (Tuesday – Sunday). The new competition format allows for a one-week gap between events. The total number of matches in the pool phase will be 96.


title: FIVB Volleyball Men's Nations League

text: The Finals will see the eight strongest teams moving directly to the knockout phase which will consist of eight matches in total: four quarterfinals, two semi-finals and the bronze and gold medal matches. The total number of matches in the final phase will be 8.


title: FIVB Volleyball Men's Nations League

text: The FIVB Volleyball Challenger Cup will be a competition for national teams which will run in concurrence with the Volleyball Nations League. The Challenger Cup will consist of teams not participating in the current edition of the Volleyball Nations League and will feature one host team and seven teams from the five continental confederations as follows:


title: FIVB Volleyball Men's Nations League

text: The Continental Confederations, responsible for determining the teams that will qualify for the FIVB Challenger Cup, are free to organise their Continental Qualification Tournament or use an existing competition to define the qualified team(s).


title: FIVB Volleyball Men's Nations League

text: The FIVB Challenger Cup will be held before the FIVB Volleyball Nations League Finals (in 2018 and 2019 editions) but changed it in 2022 edition and the winner earns the right to participate in the next year's Nations League as a challenger team.


title: FIVB Volleyball Men's Nations League

text: The lowest ranked Challenger team of the current edition of the VNL will play the Volleyball Challenger Cup (VCC) held after the VNL. The winner of the current edition of the VCC shall be promoted and compete in the next edition of the VNL.


title: Pinoy pop

text: Pinoy pop or P-pop (also known as Philippine pop or Pilipino pop) refers to a contemporary pop music in the Philippines originating from the OPM genre. With its beginnings in the late 1970s, Pinoy pop is a growing genre in year of the 2020s. Through the 1990s to the 2000s, Pinoy pop was regularly showcased in the live band scene.


title: Pinoy pop

text: Groups such as Neocolours, Side A, Introvoys, the Teeth, Yano, True Faith, Passage and Freestyle popularized songs that clearly reflect the sentimental character of OPM pop of this era.


title: Pinoy pop

text: From 2010 to 2020, Philippine pop music or Pinoy pop went through a huge metamorphosis in its increased quality, budget, investment and variety, matching the country's rapid economic growth, and an accompanying social and cultural resurgence of its Asian identity. This was heard by heavy influence from K-pop and J-pop, a growth in Asian style ballads, idol groups, and EDM, and less reliance on Western genres, mirroring the Korean wave and similar Japanese wave popularity among millennial Filipinos and mainstream culture.


title: Pinoy pop

text: In the early 1970s, Pinoy music or Pinoy pop emerged, often sung in Tagalog. It was a mix of rock, folk and ballads making political use of music similar to early hip hop but transcending class. The music was a "conscious attempt to create a Filipino national and popular culture" and it often reflected social realities and problems. As early as 1973, the Juan De la Cruz Band was performing "Ang Himig Natin" ("Our Music"), which is widely regarded as the first example of Pinoy rock. "Pinoy" gained popular currency in the late 1970s in the Philippines when a surge in patriotism made a hit song of Filipino folk singer Heber Bartolome's "Tayo'y mga Pinoy" ("We are Pinoys"). This trend was followed by Filipino rapper Francis Magalona's "Mga Kababayan Ko" ("My Countrymen") in the 1990s and Filipino rock band Bamboo's "Noypi" ("Pinoy" in reversed syllables) in the 2000s. Nowadays, "Pinoy" is used as an adjective to some terms highlighting their relationship to the Philippines or Filipinos. Pinoy rock was soon followed by Pinoy folk and later, Pinoy jazz. Although the music was often used to express opposition to then Philippine president Ferdinand Marcos and his use of martial law and the creating of the Batasang Bayan, many of the songs were more subversive and some just instilled national pride. Perhaps because of the cultural affirming nature and many of the songs seemingly being non-threatening, the Marcos administration ordered radio stations to play at least one – and later, three – Pinoy songs each hour. Pinoy music was greatly employed both by Marcos and political forces who sought to overthrow him.


title: Pinoy pop

text: Filipino pop songs mainly referred to songs popularized since the 1960s, especially those in the ballad form, by major commercial artists like Pilita Corrales and Nora Aunor, and in the 1970s by Basil Valdez, Freddie Aguilar and Rey Valera.


title: Pinoy pop

text: Singer-songwriters Ryan Cayabyab and José Mari Chan rose to fame in the 1970s by composing original English love songs alongside modern Tagalog songs. Pioneer pop groups in the same decade include Manila sound groups APO Hiking Society and Hotdog.


title: Pinoy pop

text: The early to mid-1990s saw the emergence of the pop-rock group, Eraserheads, considered as a turning-point in the OPM music scene. In the wake of their success was the emergence of a string of influential bands such as Yano, Siakol, Parokya ni Edgar, Grin Department, Rivermaya, Moonstar88 and Hungry Young Poets, each of which mixes the influence of a variety of pop and rock subgenres into their style.


title: Pinoy pop

text: Filipino rock continues to flourish at present with newer bands such as Hale, Cueshé, Sponge Cola, Chicosci, Kamikazee and Urbandub, and the emergence of the country's first virtual band, Mistula. Though only some of the spearheading bands are still fully intact, many old members have formed new bands such as Pupil, Sandwich, and Bamboo. A few band members such as Kitchie Nadal, Barbie Almalbis, and Rico Blanco have established steady solo careers.


title: Pinoy pop

text: Though rock bands have been dominating the mainstream since their commercialization in the '90s, acoustic groups were still regularly showcased in the live band scene such as Side A, True Faith, Neocolours, South Border and Freestyle popularized songs that clearly reflect the sentimental character of OPM pop. Popular acoustic acts like Nina, Juris (of MYMP) and Aiza Seguerra also prove the diversity of Filipino pop.


title: Pinoy pop

text: Solo belters and balladeers such as Regine Velasquez, Sharon Cuneta, Joey Albert, Donna Cruz, Zsa Zsa Padilla, Jaya, Jolina Magdangal and Martin Nievera had regular exposure on television and radio.


title: Pinoy pop

text: From the early 2000s onwards, Kyla, Nina and Jay R began to be pioneers of the contemporary R&B music with Francis M, Andrew E, Gloc-9, Abra, and Shehyee of hip-hop genre.


title: Pinoy pop

text: Local sing and dance groups SexBomb Girls and Viva Hot Babes began to popularize novelty songs among the masses.


title: Pinoy pop

text: Since 2010, the genre of Pinoy pop drastically changed as the usual rock bands and novelty songs from the 1990s and 2000s started to fade out of the mainstream, creating the new pop genre without any influence of rock and hip-hop.


title: Pinoy pop

text: In 2010, "Little Big Star" 2nd runner-up and YouTube star Jake Zyrus became the first Asian to peak on the top 10 (at No. 8) of the "Billboard" 200 for his debut album. He was also one of the first Asian artists to have a song peak at No. 1 for "Billboard"'s Dance/Club Play Songs.


title: Pinoy pop

text: Notable pop artists of the 2010s include Toni Gonzaga, Moira Dela Torre, Ben&Ben, Yeng Constantino and Sarah Geronimo whose songs "Tala" and "Kilometro" were chosen by CNN Philippines as best songs of the decade.


title: Pinoy pop

text: From the influence of K-pop and J-pop, a new era of Pinoy pop was born. The Philippines' first idol group MNL48, a sister group of the J-pop group AKB48, started a new era for Pinoy pop when they debuted in 2018. Following them is the all-boy idol group SB19 who also debuted in 2018. They are the first Filipino act trained by a Korean entertainment company under the same system that catapulted K-pop artists into global stardom. SB19 is considered to be the first Pinoy pop idol group to chart on the "Billboard" Next Big Sound and "Billboard" Social 50. On November 20, 2019, SB19 made history by being the first Filipino artist to chart and debut on the "Billboard" Next Big Sound chart debuting and peaking at No. 5. On December 3, 2019, the group broke the all-time record of the longest stay at the No. 1 spot of Myx Daily Top Ten with "Go Up" staying at the top spot for 53 non-consecutive days. And on April 29, 2021, SB19 become the first Filipino and Southeast Asian act to be nominated in Billboard Music Awards for Top Social Artist along with BTS, Blackpink, Ariana Grande, and Seventeen. It marked the first-ever appearance of a Filipino artist in the Billboard Music Awards.


title: Pinoy pop

text: In May 2020, in the midst of pandemic, Star Hunt Academy led by Laurenti Dyogi introduced new Pinoy pop idol groups trainees in public, composed of 8 SHA Girls (now collectively known as BINI) and 5 SHA Boys (now collectively known as BGYO).


title: Pinoy pop

text: On January 29, 2021, Star Hunt Academy (SHA) Boys officially debuted as BGYO. A week after the release of their debut single ""The Light"", BGYO made a history for being the fastest Pinoy pop group to reach over a million views on YouTube views.


title: Pinoy pop

text: On February 14, 2021, Viva Entertainment introduced their newest P-pop group Alamat with the release of its debut single "kbye". Formed through PWEDE: The National Boyband Search, the group distinguishes itself as a multilingual and multiethnic boy band that sings in seven Philippine languages: Tagalog, Ilocano, Kapampangan, Bisaya, Hiligaynon, Bikolano, and Waray-Waray. Shortly after the release of their debut single, Alamat ranked second on the Pandora Predictions Chart, released on the week of February 23 and also holds the distinction of being the second P-pop group to make it on "Billboard" chart and the fastest-rising Pinoy act on the "Billboard" Next Big Sound chart, debuting at #2. On February 24, their debut single "kbye" ranked sixth on Myx Daily Top Ten chart. On March 30, Alamat and their debut single remained on the top of the UDOU's Top 10 Songs of the Week chart for 2 consecutive weeks.


title: Pinoy pop

text: On June 11, 2021, Star Hunt Academy (SHA) Girls officially debuted as BINI with their debut album "Born To Win". Versions in Bahasa, Japanese, Thai, and Spanish were also included in the album. The current members are Jhoanna, Colet, Maloi, Aiah, Stacey, Gwen, Mikha, and Sheena.


title: Pinoy pop

text: On October 7, 2021, BGYO released their debut album The Light, debuts and peaks at number 1 on iTunes Albums Chart in 5 countries—Philippines, Hong Kong, Singapore, United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia. It also charted in Canada, Thailand, Qatar, Australia, Norway, Malaysia and Mexico.


title: Pinoy pop

text: The 2020s also gave the Pinoy pop scene for a new generation of young solo artists. In March 2021, singer-songwriter Zack Tabudlo released his single "Binibini", which garnered 18.3 million streams on Spotify which led to became the top song on the said service's local Philippines charts for 2 consecutive months in April and May.


title: Pinoy pop

text: In October 2021, Arthur Nery gained into fame when his best-selling single "Pagsamo" became the top-streaming song on Spotify's Daily Top 50 chart and has over 200,000 streams for the lyric video on YouTube for the first 12 hours.


title: Pinoy pop

text: For many years and in today's Rise of Pinoy pop, The Philippines No.1 Music Channel MYX rank songs on various charts like MYX Daily Top Ten, Pinoy MYX Countdown and MYX Hit Chart. Pinoy pop also has Comeback stages such as "ASAP" and "It's Showtime" on ABS-CBN, "All-Out Sundays", "Eat Bulaga!" and "Wowowin" on GMA Network and "Sunday Noontime Live!" on TV5. Soon, the Philippines will have a Filipino Music Show on every music channel or TV Channel. They also promote the song through mall shows to help all pinoy pop artists to extend, promote and recognize their song throughout the Philippines as well as around the world.


title: Pinoy pop

text: Awarding Shows are also popular to recognize the local artists in the Philippines. Awarding Shows in the Philippines are made through different platforms including social media and others. These award shows includes Wish 107.5 Music Awards and MYX Music Awards that is held annually.


title: Pinoy pop

text: In 2010, Jake Zyrus (then known under the mononym Charice)'s self-titled album "Charice" debuted at number eight on the "Billboard" 200, making Zyrus the first Asian artist to reach the top 10 on the chart solo. While his lead single, "Pyramid", featuring Iyaz, reached number 17 on the UK Singles Chart, making Zyrus the first Filipino singer to have a top 20 single in the UK.


title: Pinoy pop

text: In 2015, Alden Richards' self-titled debut EP "Alden Richards" landed on Billboard World Albums Chart at number 10 for the week of October 17, 2015.


title: Pinoy pop

text: In 2017, Morissette was directly hand-picked by the organization of the Korean "Asia Song Festival". She lined up to perform with some of the top KPOP groups in Korea, including EXO and MAMAMOO, to name a few. She was invited to sing again at the Asia Song Festival in 2018. Morissette is the only Filipino musician to be invited to this event twice in a row to represent the Philippines. She sang a Korean song (Resignation), making her version by transposing the words into English and singing the concluding section of the song in Hangul (Korean Language).


title: Pinoy pop

text: In 2019, Pinoy pop idol group MNL48 performed at AKB48 Group Asia Festival 2019, the first held at Bangkok, Thailand on January 27, while the second one was held at Shanghai, China on August 24. Such performances catapulted MNL48 to the international stage, especially with other fans of their 48G counterparts. That same year, MNL48's Abby Trinidad was the group's representative on the New Year's Eve special of NHK's "Kohaku Uta Gassen", where along with other 48G counterparts, performed "Koi Soru Fortune Cookie". This is the third time a Filipino performer appeared on the said show, alongside Gary Valenciano and the band Smokey Mountain.


title: Pinoy pop

text: In 2020, Sarah Geronimo's single "Tala" entered at No. 12 on the U.S. "Billboard" World Digital Song Sales chart.


title: Pinoy pop

text: In 2020, Pinoy pop boy band SB19 became a "Billboard" Social 50 mainstay after peaking at No. 15 on the chart, likely due to the music video of their single "Alab". SB19 reached their highest position in the weekly Billboard Social 50 list two weeks after the release of their album, ranking second behind BTS on the week of August 15, 2020. A week later, by placing in the top five of two charts, the group achieved another Billboard milestone: 5th in the Emerging Artist list, their highest ranking to date, while staying 2nd in the Social 50 chart On the week of October 31, 2020, SB19's "Go Up" peaked at number 2 in Billboard's LyricFind Global chart after debuting at number 17 the week before. while also making its initial appearance at number 9 in the U.S. version of the chart. Two weeks after, "Hanggang sa Huli" debuted at number 16 in Billboard's LyricFind U.S. chart while also debuting at number 4 in the chart's global version. On the week of November 28, 2020, the group reached another milestone, their first number 1 in a Billboard chart, after "Alab (Burning)" debuted at number 1 in Billboard's LyricFind Global chart, and at number 6 in the U.S. version of the chart.


title: Pinoy pop

text: MNL48, on the other hand, announced the formation of BABY BLUE, the group's newest sub-unit on September 1, 2020. Alongside with that announcement is the release of the sub-unit's single "Sweet Talking Sugar", released in collaboration with Tower Records Japan, a major Japanese music retailer. A nationwide tour in Japan of the said sub-unit is announced by HalloHallo Entertainment and Tower Records Japan, which will commence following the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: Pinoy pop

text: On January 31, two days after their debut, Star Magic's newest P-pop boy group BGYO was featured by EXO Baekhyun's Privé Alliance on the streetwear line's social media accounts, becoming the first P-Pop group to ever be featured by the clothing line.


title: Pinoy pop

text: On March 15, BGYO was also featured in the "Spring 2021 Issue" of L'Officiel Philippines, another milestone that marked the band as the first P-Pop group to be featured in an International French Magazine, L'Officiel.


title: Pinoy pop

text: Shortly after the release of their debut single "kbye" on February 14, 2021, Viva Entertainment's newest P-pop group Alamat ranked second on the Pandora Predictions Chart that was released on the week of February 23, the chart is one of the two important charts released by US streaming radio giant Pandora. Alamat also currently holds the distinction of being the second P-pop group after SB19 to make it on "Billboard" chart and the fastest-rising Pinoy act on the "Billboard" Next Big Sound chart, debuting at #2. Alamat's debut single is also included in Spotify's "Fresh Finds" playlist.


title: Pinoy pop

text: On April 29, 2021, SB19 become the first Filipino group and Southeast Asian act to make it to the final list of Billboard Music Awards for Top Social Artist along with BTS, Blackpink, Ariana Grande, and Seventeen. It is also the first nomination for a Filipino Artist at the Billboard Music Awards.


title: Pinoy pop

text: On May 11, 2021, BGYO debuted at number 2 on weekly Billboard's Next Big Sound Chart, becoming the fifth Filipino act appeared in the weekly chart.


title: Pinoy pop

text: On August 24, 2021, BGYO re-entered at number 1 on weekly Billboard's Next Big Sound Chart and maintains the leadership for 2 consecutive weeks, becoming the first Filipino act to do so.


title: Pinoy pop

text: On October 8, 2021, American hip-hop dance crew Jabbawockeez posted a short dance cover of BGYO's "The Baddest" in different social media platforms and went viral.


title: Pinoy pop

text: On November 5, 2021, SB19 "Bazinga" debuted on "Billboard" Hot Trending Songs chart. The first Filipino Group to do so.


title: Pinoy pop

text: On December 8, 2021, SB19 become the first Filipino group and Southeast Asian act to make it to No. 1 on Billboard's Hot Trending Songs chart, powered by Twitter, leading for the first time.


title: Pinoy pop

text: On January 25, 2022 SB19 "Bazinga" Surpasses BTS "Butter" for Most Weeks Spent at No. 1 on Hot Trending Songs Chart.


title: Pinoy pop

text: On July 14, 2022 SB19 makes it to Teen Vogue’s ‘Favorite Boy Bands of All Time’ list alongside other iconic groups like BTS, The Beatles, Backstreet Boys, and One Direction.


title: Pinoy pop

text: Some Pinoy pop artists are extremely popular in Philippines, and some also have fanbases in other countries—especially in Asia, but also in Western countries. They influence not only music, but also fashion. As of 2020, the top five best-selling artists in the Philippines charts history are MNL48, SB19, Sarah Geronimo, KZ Tandingan, and IV of Spades. Among the five, IV of Spades holds the record for being the only Pop band Artist.


title: Oudh State

text: The Oudh State (, also Kingdom of Awadh, Kingdom of Oudh, or Awadh State) was a princely state in the Awadh region of North India until its annexation by the British in 1856. The name Oudh, now obsolete, was once the anglicized name of the state, also written historically as Oudhe.


title: Oudh State

text: As the Mughal Empire declined and decentralized, local governors in Oudh began asserting greater autonomy, and eventually Oudh matured into an independent polity governing the fertile lands of the Central and Lower Doab. With the British East India Company entering Bengal and decisively defeating Oudh at the Battle of Buxar in 1764, Oudh fell into the British orbit.


title: Oudh State

text: The capital of Oudh was in Faizabad, but the Company’s Political Agents, officially known as "Residents", had their seat in Lucknow. At par existed a Maratha embassy, in the Oudh court, led by the Vakil of the Peshwa, until the Second Anglo-Maratha War. The Nawab of Oudh, one of the richest princes, paid for and erected a Residency in Lucknow as a part of a wider programme of civic improvements.


title: Oudh State

text: Oudh joined other Indian states in an upheaval against British rule in 1858 during one of the last series of actions in the Indian rebellion of 1857. In the course of this uprising detachments of the British Indian Army from the Bombay Presidency overcame the disunited collection of Indian states in a single rapid campaign. Determined rebels continued to wage sporadic guerrilla clashes until the spring of 1859. This rebellion is also historically known as the "Oudh campaign".


title: Oudh State

text: After the British annexation of Oudh by the Doctrine of Lapse, the North Western Provinces became the "North Western Provinces and Oudh".


title: Oudh State

text: "Oudh Subah" was one of the initial 12 subahs (later expanded to 15 "subahs" by the end of Akbar's reign) established by Akbar during his administrative reforms of 1572–1580. "Subah" was divided into "Sarkars", or districts. "Sarkars" were further divided into "Parganas" or "Mahals". As the Mughal empire began to dissolve in the early 18th century, Oudh, like many "subahs" became effectively independent.


title: Oudh State

text: Saadat Ali Khan I was appointed Nawab of Oudh on 9 September 1722, succeeding Girdhar Bahadur. He immediately subdued the autonomous Shaikhzadas of Lucknow and Raja Mohan Singh of Tiloi, consolidating Oudh as a state. In 1728, Oudh further acquired Varanasi, Jaunpur and surrounding lands from the Mughal noble Rustam Ali Khan and established stable revenue collection in that province after quelling the chief of Azamgarh, Mahabat Khan. In 1739 Saadat Khan mobilized Oudh to defend against Nader Shah's invasion of India, ultimately being captured in the Battle of Karnal. He attempted to cooperate with Nader Shah but died in Delhi.


title: Oudh State

text: In 1740, his successor Safdar Jang moved the capital of the state from Ayodhya to Faizabad. Safdar Jang gained recognition from Persia after paying tribute. He continued Saadat Khan's expansionist policy, promising military protection to Bengal in exchange for the forts at Rohtasgarh and Chunar, and annexing portions of Farrukhabad with Mughal military aid which was ruled by Muhammad Khan Bangash.


title: Oudh State

text: As regional officials asserted their autonomy in Bengal and the Deccan as well as with the rise of the Maratha Empire, the rulers of Oudh gradually affirmed their own sovereignty. Safdar Jang went as far as to control the ruler of Delhi, putting Ahmad Shah Bahadur on the Mughal throne with the cooperation of other Mughal nobility. In 1748 he gained the subah of Allahabad with Ahmad Shah's official support. This was arguably the zenith of Oudh's territorial span.


title: Oudh State

text: The next nawab, Shuja-ud-Daula, extended Oudh's control of the Mughal emperor. He was appointed vazir to Shah Alam II in 1762 and offered him asylum after his failed campaigns against the British in the Bengal War.


title: Oudh State

text: Since Oudh was located in a prosperous region, the British East India Company soon took notice of the affluence in which the Nawabs of Oudh lived. Primarily, the British sought to protect the frontiers of Bengal and their lucrative trade there; only later did direct expansion occur.


title: Oudh State

text: British dominance was established at the Battle of Buxar of 1764, when the East India Company defeated the alliance between the nawab of Oudh Shuja-ud-Daula and the deposed nawab of Bengal Mir Kasim. The battle was a turning point for the once rising star of Oudh. The immediate effect was the British occupation of the fort at Chunar and the cession of the provinces of Kora and Allahabad to Mughal ruler Shah Alam II under the Treaty of Benares (1765). Shaja-ud-Daula further had to pay 5 million rupees as an indemnity, which was paid off in one year. The long-term result would be direct British interference in the internal state matters of Oudh, useful as a buffer state against the Marathas. The treaty also granted British traders special privileges and exemptions from many customs duties, which led to tensions as British monopolies were established.


title: Oudh State

text: Shuja-ud-Daula bought the Mughal provinces of Kora and Allahabad in the Treaty of Benares (1773) with the British (who held "de-facto" control over the area) for 50 lakh rupees, increased the cost of Company mercenaries, and military aid in the First Rohilla War to expand Oudh as a buffer state against Maratha interests. Done by Warren Hastings, this move was unpopular among the rest of Company leadership, but Hastings continued a harsh policy on Oudh, justifying the military aid as a bid to strengthen Oudh's status as a buffer state against the Marathas. To shape the policy of Oudh and direct its internal affairs Hastings appointed the resident Nathaniel Middleton in Lucknow that year as well. At the conclusion of the First Rohilla War in 1774, Oudh gained the entirety of Rohilkhand and the Middle Doab region, only leaving the independent Rampur State as a Rohilla enclave.


title: Oudh State

text: Asaf-ud-Daula acceded to the nawabship of Oudh with British aid in exchange for the Treaty of Benares (1775) which further increased the cost of mercenaries and ceded the "sarkars" of Benares, Ghazipur, Chunar, and Jaunpur. From this time onwards, Oudh consistently complied with the Company's demands, which continued to demand more land and economic control over the state.


title: Oudh State

text: The Treaty of Chunar (1781) sought to reduce the number of British troops in Oudh's service to cut costs, but failed in this measure due to the instability of Asaf-ud-Daula's rule and thus his reliance on British aid essentially as a puppet regime.


title: Oudh State

text: Saadat Ali Khan II acceded to the throne of Oudh in 1798, owing his seat to British intervention including Governor-General of Bengal Sir John Shore's personal proclamation in Lucknow of his rule. A treaty signed on 21 February 1798 increased the subsidy paid to the British to 70 lakh rupees per year.


title: Oudh State

text: In light of the Napoleonic Wars and British demands for greater revenue from the Company, in 1801, Saadat Ali Khan II ceded the entire Rohilkhand and Lower Doab as well as the "sarkar" of Gorakhpur under the pressure of Lord Wellesley to the British in lieu of the annual tribute. The cession halved the size of the polity, reducing it to the original Mughal subah of Awadh (excepting Gorakhpur which was ceded) and surrounded it by directly-administered British territory, rendering it useless as a buffer. The treaty also mandated a government to be put in place that primarily served the citizens of Oudh. It was on the basis of the failure to meet this demand that the British later justified the annexation of Oudh.


title: Oudh State

text: Farrukhabad and Rampur was not annexed by the British yet; instead, they served as separate princely states for the moment.


title: Oudh State

text: The kingdom became a British protectorate in May 1816 (However, the state was an unofficial British protectorate since 1764, having little external autonomy). Three years later, in 1819, the Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar Shah took the title of "Badshah" (king), signaling formal independence from the Mughal Empire under the advice of the Marquis of Hastings.


title: Oudh State

text: On 7 February 1856 by order of Lord Dalhousie, General of the East India Company, the king of Oudh (Wajid Ali Shah) was deposed, and its kingdom was annexed to the British East India Company under the terms of the Doctrine of lapse on the grounds of alleged internal misrule.


title: Oudh State

text: Between 5 July 1857 and 3 March 1858 there was an upheaval by the son of the deposed king joining the Indian Rebellion of 1857. At the time of the rebellion, the British lost control of the territory; they reestablished their rule over the next eighteen months, during which time there were massacres such as those that had occurred in the course of the Siege of Cawnpore.


title: Oudh State

text: After Oudh's territory was merged with the North Western Provinces, it formed the larger province of "North-Western Provinces and Oudh". In 1902, the latter province was renamed the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. In 1921, it became the United Provinces of British India. In 1937, it became the United Provinces and continued as a province in independent India until finally becoming the state of Uttar Pradesh in 1950.


title: Oudh State

text: The first ruler of Oudh State belonged to the Shia Muslim Sayyid Family and descended of Musa al-Kadhim originated from Nishapur. But the dynasty also belonged from the paternal line to the Kara Koyunlu through Qara Yusuf. They were renowned for their secularism and broad outlook.


title: Oudh State

text: In the early eighteenth century, the population of Oudh was estimated to be 3 million. Oudh underwent a demographic shift in which Lucknow and Varanasi expanded to become metropolises of over 200,000 people over the course of the 18th century at the expense of Agra and Delhi. During this period the land on the banks of the Yamuna suffered frequent dry spells, while the Baiswara did not.


title: Oudh State

text: The Nawabs of Oudh were descended from a Sayyid line from Nishapur in Persia. They were Shia Muslims, and promoted Shia as the state religion. Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar Shah instituted the Oudh Bequest, a system of fixed payments by the British paid to the Shia holy cities of Najaf and Karbala. These payments, along with lifelong stipends to the wives and mother of Ghazi-ud-Din served as interest on the Third Oudh Loan taken in 1825.


title: Oudh State

text: The cities of Allahabad, Varanasi, and Ayodhya were important pilgrimage sites for followers of Hinduism and other Dharmic religions. The town of Bahraich was also revered by some Muslims.


title: Al-Ahsa Oasis

text: Al-Aḥsāʾ (, "al-ʾAhsā"), also known as al-Ḥasāʾ () or Hajar (), is a traditional oasis historical region in eastern Saudi Arabia whose name is used by the Al-Ahsa Governorate, which makes up much of that country's Eastern Province. The oasis is located about inland from the coast of the Persian Gulf.


title: Al-Ahsa Oasis

text: Al-Ahsa Oasis composed four main cities and 22 villages. Two of these four main cities are Al-Mubarraz and Al-Hofuf, which are two of the 15 largest cities in Saudi Arabia.


title: Al-Ahsa Oasis

text: With an area of around , Al-Ahsa Oasis is the largest oasis in the world. A large part of the Oasis is the Empty Quarter, also referred to as Rub' al Khali in Arabic. The Empty quarter covers almost three quarters of the land in the oasis whereas the residential areas constitute to 18% of the area of the oasis.


title: Al-Ahsa Oasis

text: There are more than 2.5 million palm trees including date palms in the oasis, which is fed from a huge underground aquifer and irrigated by the flow of more than 280 artesian springs, which allows agriculture all year round in a region that is otherwise sand desert.


title: Al-Ahsa Oasis

text: Al-Ahsa is part of the region known historically for its high skill in tailoring, especially in making "bisht", a traditional men's cloak. Al-Bahrain geographical province is in Eastern Arabia, which includes the eastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula down to the borders of the UAE, Oman, and also includes the island of Awal (modern-day Bahrain). Historically, Al-Ahsa was the main city in Al-Bahrain province, making up most of its population and providing most of its agricultural output.


title: Al-Ahsa Oasis

text: The site became a World Heritage site in 2018. It has also been part of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network since December 2015. According to one author, the oases of Al-Ahsa and Al Ain (in the UAE, on the border with Oman) are the most important in the Arabian Peninsula.


title: Al-Ahsa Oasis

text: Al-Ahsa is the plural form of "Al-Ḥisā" () which refers to a landscape of accumulated sand with an impermeable layer underneath. When rain falls onto such a landscape, the water soaks through the sand (which also protects it from evaporation), and is retained by the impermeable base layer, forming an aquifer. A well drilled into the land produces a sweet cold spring.


title: Al-Ahsa Oasis

text: Al-Ahsa has been inhabited since prehistoric times, due to its abundance of water in an otherwise arid region. Natural fresh-water springs have surfaced at oases in the region for millennia, encouraging human habitation and agricultural efforts (date palm cultivation especially) since prehistoric times.


title: Al-Ahsa Oasis

text: The oasis region and specifically the name Hajar (also Hagar, Haǧar) may be related to the Ancient Near East toponym Agarum, mentioned in Dilmunite inscriptions as the original home of their chief deity Inzak. If so, Agarum probably referred to the mainland area of Arabia lying opposite Bahrain. According to the hypothesis, the Dilmun civilization originated at the oases of Eastern Arabia, but later relocated to the isle of Bahrain. This interpretation is not without criticism, however, and other sources place Agarum on the isle of Failaka.


title: Al-Ahsa Oasis

text: Eastern Arabia was conquered by the emerging Rashidun Caliphate during the 7th century. It was later inherited by the Umayyads and Abbasids. In 899 A.D., the region came under the control of the Qarmatian leader, Abu Tahir al-Jannabi, and was declared independent from the Abbasid Caliphate of Baghdad. Its capital was at al-Mu'miniya near modern Hofuf. By circa 1000, Al-Ahsa became the 9th largest city worldwide supporting 100,000 inhabitants. In 1077, the Qarmatian state of Al-Ahsa was overthrown by the Uyunids. Al-Ahsa subsequently fell under the rule of the Bahrani dynasty of the Usfurids, followed by their relatives, the Jabrids, who became one of the most formidable powers in the region, retaking the islands of Bahrain from the princes of Hormuz. The last Jabrid ruler of Bahrain was Muqrin ibn Zamil.


title: Al-Ahsa Oasis

text: In 1521, the Portuguese Empire conquered the Awal Islands (the islands that comprise present day Bahrain) from the Jabrid ruler Muqrin ibn Zamil, who fell strongly in battle. The Jabrids struggled to maintain their position on the mainland in the face of the Ottomans and their tribal allies, the Muntafiq. In 1550, Al-Ahsa and nearby Qatif came under the sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire with Sultan Suleiman I. Al-Ahsa was nominally the Eyalet of Lahsa in the Ottoman administrative system, and was usually a vassal of the Porte. Qatif was later lost to the Portuguese.


title: Al-Ahsa Oasis

text: The Ottomans were expelled from Al-Ahsa in 1670, and the region came under the rule of the chiefs of Banu Khalid tribe.


title: Al-Ahsa Oasis

text: Al-Ahsa, along with Qatif, was incorporated into the Wahhabist Emirate of Diriyah in 1795, but returned to Ottoman control in 1818 with an invasion ordered by Muhammad Ali of Egypt. The Banu Khalid were again installed as rulers of the region but, in 1830, the Emirate of Nejd retook the region.


title: Al-Ahsa Oasis

text: Direct Ottoman rule was restored in 1871, and Al-Ahsa was placed first under Baghdad Vilayet and with Baghdad's subdivision Basra Vilayet in 1875. In 1913, ibn Saud, the founder of modern Saudi Arabia, annexed Al-Ahsa and Qatif into his domain of Najd.


title: Al-Ahsa Oasis

text: On 2 December 1922, Percy Cox officially notified Kuwait's Emir Sheikh Ahmad Al-Sabah that Kuwait's borders had been modified. Earlier that year, Major John More, the British representative in Kuwait, had met with Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia to settle the border issue between Kuwait and Najd. The result of the meeting was the Uqair Protocol of 1922, in which Britain recognized ibn Saud's sovereignty over territories claimed by the emir of Kuwait.


title: Al-Ahsa Oasis

text: Al-Ahsa was taken from the Ottomans in 1913, bringing the Al Sauds control of the Persian Gulf coast and what would become Saudi Arabia's vast oil reserves.


title: Al-Ahsa Oasis

text: Historically, Al-Ahsa was one of the few areas in Arabian Peninsula in which rice was grown. In 1938, petroleum deposits were discovered near Dammam, resulting in the rapid modernization of the region. By the early 1960s, oil production levels reached per day. Today, Al-Ahsa is home to the largest conventional oil field in the world, the Ghawar Field.


title: Al-Ahsa Oasis

text: Al-Ahsa is known for its palm trees and date palms. Al-Ahsa has over 2.5 million palm trees which produce over 100 thousand tons of dates every year.


title: Al-Ahsa Oasis

text: The oasis is a popular tourist destination for Qatari nationals, who would make the 100-mile cross-border drive to visit local attractions, as well as to find bargains for food, spices and clothing in Al-Ahsa's bazaars. Economic ties were severely disrupted by the Qatar diplomatic crisis, which led to the closure of Saudi Arabia's land border with Qatar. With the crisis' resolution and border reopening in 2021, however, Qatari tourists have gradually returned to Al-Ahsa; albeit in smaller numbers, due to improved Qatari self-sufficiency in goods.


title: Al-Ahsa Oasis

text: The number of springs and freshwater sources in Al-Ahsa oasis range from 60 to 70, including those of "Ummsaba'ah", "Al-Harrah" and "Al-Khadod".


title: Al-Ahsa Oasis

text: Al-Ahsa has a hot desert climate (Köppen Climate Classification: "BWh"), with long, extremely hot summers and short, very mild winters. The oasis has a very low annual precipitation of , but receives a small amount of rain in winter and spring.


title: Scandal (season 7)

text: The seventh and final season of the American television drama series "Scandal" was ordered on February 10, 2017 by ABC. It was later announced that the seventh season would be the final season for "Scandal". The season began airing on October 5, 2017, and consisted of 18 episodes, adding the total episode count of the show to 124 episodes. Cast member George Newbern was upgraded to a series regular after being a recurring cast member for the past six seasons. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with ShondaLand Production Company; the showrunner being Shonda Rhimes.


title: Scandal (season 7)

text: The season focuses on Olivia Pope and her new position as Chief of Staff of President Mellie Grant and the Command of B613. It also depicts Quinn Perkins as the boss of her crisis management firm Quinn Perkins & Associates, and its team, as well as staff at the White House in Washington, D.C., in their efforts to deal with and contain political scandals. Season seven had have twelve series regulars, all returning from the previous season, out of which six are part of the original cast of eight regulars from the first season. The season aired on Thursday nights at 9:00 pm until episode 15, where it aired in its original timeslot, Thursday 10:00 pm.


title: Scandal (season 7)

text: "Scandal" was renewed for a seventh season on February 10, 2017, along with the other ShondaLand dramas. The series continued to air on Thursdays in its 9 p.m. E.T. timeslot like the previous seasons, but unlike the previous season which aired in January, the seventh season premiered in the fall of 2017. ABC announced on June 26, 2017, that the seventh season would consist of 18 episodes.


title: Scandal (season 7)

text: Long-time director Tom Verica shared on Twitter that he would only direct the series finale as well as the fact that Kerry Washington would be directing her first episode. Actress Darby Stanchfield also directed her first episode.


title: Scandal (season 7)

text: Speculations about the seventh season being the final season had started as the sixth season began airing. ABC entertainment president Channing Dungey commented in January 2017 that it had not been much discussion about the show's future after the seventh season, but she would happily keep the show on as long as Rhimes "feels that she has creative runway to write the show." Andy Swift from "TVLine" said that the show needed to end after the seventh season as he felt "this once-great drama is simply spinning its wheels, serving us the same old flavors with only slightly different toppings." Before the sixth-season finale, multiple sources reported that "Scandal" would be ending next season. ABC confirmed on May 16, 2017, that the seventh season would be the final season for the show. Shonda Rhimes released a statement about the ending of the show calling the seventh season "Olivia's Swan Song" as she said:


title: Scandal (season 7)

text: On January 3, 2018, Kerry Washington tweeted out a photo to Viola Davis of herself in a "familiar" setting, that being a courthouse used for the set of "How to Get Away with Murder". Fans began to speculate a possible crossover episode being in the works, which was only heightened when Davis tweeted out a photo in response, that being her on the set of Mellie Grant's (Bellamy Young) Oval Office. Later that day, the crossover was officially confirmed through a tweet by "Scandal" creator Shonda Rhimes.


title: Scandal (season 7)

text: "How to Get Away with Murder" creator Peter Nowalk later went on to share in an interview with "Deadline":


title: Scandal (season 7)

text: In May 2017, actor George Newbern, who has had recurring appearances since the show's beginning as Charlie, was promoted to the regular cast. In August, Jay Hernandez and Shaun Toub were cast in unspecified, recurring roles.


title: Scandal (season 7)

text: Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported a 91% "certified fresh" approval rating with an average rating of 7.85/10, based on 22 reviews. The site's critical consensus states: "With the aptitude that helped change the face of serialized drama, "Scandal" concludes its fiery run with unpredictability, heart, and an emphasis on cultural affairs."


title: Hollywood Boulevard

text: Hollywood Boulevard is a major east–west street in Los Angeles, California. It begins in the east at Sunset Boulevard in the Los Feliz district and proceeds to the west as a major thoroughfare through Little Armenia and Thai Town, Hollywood. After crossing Fairfax Avenue, Hollywood Boulevard ends at a stop sign, at Laurel Canyon Drive, and continues northbound, as a winding residential street, going up in the hills and canyons in the Hollywood Hills West district. Parts of the boulevard are popular tourist destinations, primarily the fifteen blocks between Gower Street west to La Brea Avenue where the Hollywood Walk of Fame is located. The heart of Hollywood Boulevard is the crossing of Hollywood Boulevard and Highland avenue. "Hollywood and Highland" is the exit to Hollywood via the 101 freeway, and the station when exiting the bus or metro red lines.