title: Teimour Radjabov

text: In January 2019, Radjabov returned to Tata Steel Chess Tournament and placed 7th by earning 6.5 points (+1−1=11). In April, Radjabov played in Shamkir Chess for the 5th time. He also continued his rally in the world rankings and reached #12. In May, Teimour played in the Moscow round of 2019 FIDE Grand Prix, and was eliminated from the Moscow Grand Prix tournament in the first round on tie-breaks by American grandmaster Hikaru Nakamura. During the Hamburg round in November, Radjabov was eliminated by Daniil Dubov in the first round tie-breaks. In December, Radjabov missed the Jerusalem round due to health reasons.


title: Teimour Radjabov

text: In July, Teimour played in Dortmund Sparkassen Chess Meeting and placed joint 2nd-5th places with 4 points (+1−0=6). In September, Radjabov participated in and won the 2019 Chess World Cup in Khanty-Mansiysk. After eliminating Ziska, Sjugirov and Yuffa in the first three rounds, Radjabov faced fellow Azerbaijani grandmaster Shakhriyar Mamedyarov in round 4 and defeated him in the tie-break series. Radjabov then beat American grandmaster Jeffery Xiong in the quarterfinal 1.5 to 0.5. In the semifinal, Radjabov defeated French grandmaster Maxime Vachier-Lagrave. The final took place on the 4th of October 2019 where he drew against Ding Liren in the classical games (+1-1=2); in the tie-breaks he drew the 4 games in the rapid section and then defeated him in the blitz section (+2-0=0).


title: Teimour Radjabov

text: As a result of reaching the final in the World Cup, Radjabov qualified for the 2020 Candidates tournament where he could have earned the right to play Magnus Carlsen in the World Chess Championship.


title: Teimour Radjabov

text: Citing concerns about the coronavirus pandemic and what he considered FIDE's inadequate attempts to deal with it, Radjabov withdrew from the 2020 Candidates tournament on March 6, 2020. He was replaced by Maxime Vachier-Lagrave.


title: Teimour Radjabov

text: On March 26, the tournament was abruptly postponed as a result of new governmental policies aimed at containing the pandemic. This development prompted Radjabov to call for his reinstatement in the tournament. In an interview with Daniel Rensch and Robert Hess, he stated:


title: Teimour Radjabov

text: "I think FIDE should take some action to include me back into the tournament, that's what I think. I think it's a fair decision. From my side, I think I have done everything possible. I just asked them, warned them, I also warned the chess community by expressing it openly. (...)". Members of the Azerbaijani national chess team signed an open letter in support of his reinstatement.


title: Teimour Radjabov

text: In November 2020, Radjabov participated in the Skilling Open rapid chess tournament which was the first tournament as part of Champions Chess Tour 2021. Radjabov qualified to the quarterfinals by earning 8 points in 15 games, and was eliminated by Wesley So. In December, Radjabov joined Airthings Masters, second tournament of the Champions Chess Tour. Radjabov placed 5th among 12 players in the preliminary round by performing +1-0=10, and qualified to the play-offs. In the quarter-finals, he defeated Ian Nepomniachtchi on Armageddon round after drawing all of their games. In the semifinals, Radjabov defeated Russian grandmaster Daniil Dubov, who had upset the current world chess champion and tournament favorite Magnus Carlsen in the quarter-finals. In the finals he defeated Levon Aronian in two sets, and was declared the winner of the Airthings Masters.


title: Teimour Radjabov

text: Radjabov is almost single-handedly responsible for the current revival of the King's Indian Defence. He even beat world No. 1, Magnus Carlsen, with this defense in 2014 at the . He is also the only top player to consistently employ the sharp Schliemann Defence in the Ruy Lopez, scoring +1−0=10 with it in top tournaments 2008–2011, drawing among others Carlsen, Anand, Topalov, Svidler, Ivanchuk and Karjakin, and beating Adams. Radjabov has been called an excellent counter-attacker, adept at seizing control after an opponent makes a minor mistake.


title: Teimour Radjabov

text: At the 2003 Linares chess tournament, Radjabov, who was 15 years old, defeated Kasparov with the black pieces. The game was controversially voted the most beautiful game of the tournament. Proponents praised Radjabov's resiliency and courage against the reigning world No. 1; detractors argued that Radjabov was losing and it was only because Kasparov blundered that he won the game.


title: Teimour Radjabov

text: Radjabov's knight sacrifice, 21...Ngxe5, was praised by several strong players for its bravery, including English grandmaster Nigel Short: Radjabov plays very imaginatively... he just won't give up, he is extremely tenacious and will always find a way to muddy the waters to throw you off track. He is very good at finding disconcerting moves. Here he unbalances Kasparov completely, disturbing his rhythm of play... That was the point of Radjabov's sacrifice – it was not sound but it gave him these practical chances. However, the sacrifice was called "desperation" by GM Miguel Illescas, and according to Chessbase.com, "The Grandmasters we have talked to praised Radjabov's resilience in a bad position but criticized the game as unworthy of a prize because it was based on blunders."


title: Teimour Radjabov

text: Radjabov became the first player born since Kasparov first became World Chess Champion in 1985, to defeat him. Radjabov is also the youngest player in history to defeat a reigning world No. 1 in a game at tournament time controls.


title: Teimour Radjabov

text: In May 2006, Radjabov was appointed as the UNICEF National Goodwill Ambassador for Azerbaijan. He advocates for the cause of the universal salt iodization in the country. UNICEF Representative in Azerbaijan Hanaa Singer stated that they were very pleased to have Radjabov in the work to improve the lives of children and young people in Azerbaijan. They were confident that Radjabov would become an outspoken and active advocate for the cause, using his great talents to inspire young people.


title: Coydog

text: A coydog is a canid hybrid resulting from a mating between a male coyote and a female dog. Hybrids of both sexes are fertile and can be successfully bred through four generations. Similarly, a dogote is a hybrid with a dog father and a coyote mother.


title: Coydog

text: Such matings occurred long before the European colonization of the Americas, as melanistic coyotes have been shown to have inherited their black pelts from dogs likely brought to North America through the Bering Land Bridge 12,000 to 14,000 years ago by the ancestors of the indigenous peoples of the Americas.


title: Coydog

text: Coydogs were deliberately bred in Pre-Columbian Mexico, where coyotes were held in high regard. In the city of Teotihuacan, it was common practice to crossbreed coyotes and Mexican wolves with dogs in order to breed resistant, loyal but temperamental, good guardians. Northern Indigenous peoples in Canada were mating coyotes and wolves to their sled dogs in order to produce more resilient animals as late as the early 20th century.


title: Coydog

text: The term is sometimes mistakenly used for coywolves, which are common in northeastern North America, whereas true coydogs are only occasionally found in the wild.


title: Coydog

text: In captivity, F hybrids tend to be more mischievous and less manageable as pups than dogs, and are less trustworthy in maturity than wolfdogs. Hybrids vary in appearance, but generally retain the coyote's adult coat color, dark neonatal coat color, bushy tail with an active supracaudal gland, and white facial mask. F hybrids tend to be intermediate in form between dogs and coyotes, while F hybrids are more varied. Both F and F hybrids resemble their coyote parents in terms of shyness and intrasexual aggression. Hybrid play behavior includes the coyote "hip-slam". A population of non-albino white coyotes in Newfoundland owe their coloration to a MC1R mutation inherited from Golden Retrievers.


title: Coydog

text: Some 15% of 10,000 coyotes taken annually in Illinois for their coats during the early 1980s may have been coydogs based on cranial measurements. As the coyote population in Illinois at the time was estimated at 20,000–30,000, this would suggest a population of 3,000–4,500 coydogs in the state. Of 379 wild canid skulls taken in Ohio from 1982 to 1988, 10 (2.6%) were found to be coydogs. It was noted that "The incidence of coydog hybrids was high only in areas of expanding, widely dispersed coyote populations". In a study of coyote–dog encounters in the wild, hostile and playful encounters were seen in about equal proportions.


title: Middle of the Night (Elley Duhé song)

text: "Middle of the Night" is a song by American singer Elley Duhé, released as a single on January 10, 2020, through Not Fit for Society and RCA Records. It was written by Duhé, Andrew Wells and Samuel Elliot Roman, and produced by Wells, and is based on Isaac Albéniz's 1892 composition "Asturias (Leyenda)". Although the song did not chart during its initial release, in late 2021 and 2022 it went viral on TikTok.


title: Middle of the Night (Elley Duhé song)

text: The song was released on January 10, 2020. Duhé parted ways with RCA the same week the song was released.


title: Middle of the Night (Elley Duhé song)

text: In late 2021 and 2022, it went viral on TikTok, resulting in the song entering charts in various countries and received millions of streams on Spotify.


title: Middle of the Night (Elley Duhé song)

text: The song's official music video was directed by Loris Russier and released on May 4, 2022. The first video for the song, directed by Ashley Monaé and released on January 4, 2022, was then retitled the "lyric video".


title: Sudesh Berry

text: Sudesh Berry is an Indian actor and personality known for his works in Hindi cinema and Indian television.


title: Lonely (Akon song)

text: "Lonely" is a song by Senegalese-American singer-songwriter Akon; it appears on his debut album, "Trouble". Featuring a prominent, high-pitched sample of the 1964 song "Mr. Lonely" by Bobby Vinton, the single was released on February 22, 2005. "Lonely" reached number one in several countries, including in the United Kingdom, Australia, and Germany, where it stayed for eight weeks. It also entered the top five in France, where it reached number two, and in the United States, where it peaked at number four.


title: Lonely (Akon song)

text: When Akon was signed by Universal imprint SRC Records it was "Lonely" that had immediately caught the attention of SRC A&R Jerome Foster and convinced him of Akon's talents. On hearing the demo track he had said, "This kid is official - this is a huge record." Despite offering the album's best option in terms of commercial breakthrough, SRC Records chose "Locked Up" over "Lonely" as the first single because SRC wanted to break Akon in the streets first and work towards a cross-over. According to Foster in an interview with HitQuarters, ""Locked Up" is a street record. I thought that was the place for us to start to get a fan-base knowing that we had a record like "Lonely", which was more commercial, to follow it."


title: Lonely (Akon song)

text: The song was written by Akon, Bobby Vinton, and Gene Allan. The lyrics are sung mainly by Akon as well as Bobby Vinton doing parts of the choruses. The song's tempo is 90 beats per minute in common time. "Lonely" is written in the key of C major.


title: Lonely (Akon song)

text: A music video was produced to promote the single. The video was directed by Gil Green. Actress Katerina Graham starred in the video as Akon's love partner. A competition winner from Blackpool, Daniel Ellwood, also starred in the video.


title: Lonely (Akon song)

text: The song was a number-one hit in several countries, including Australia, Austria, Denmark, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Belgium, and Switzerland. The song reached number two in France, Norway, and Sweden. The song also reached number 19 in Finland.


title: Family Jewels (Central Intelligence Agency)

text: "Family Jewels" is the name of a set of reports detailing illegal, inappropriate and otherwise sensitive activities conducted by the United States Central Intelligence Agency from 1959 to 1973. William Colby, the CIA director who received the reports, dubbed them the "skeletons in the CIA's closet". Most of the documents were released on June 25, 2007, after more than three decades of secrecy. The non-governmental National Security Archive filed a request for the documents under the Freedom of Information Act 15 years before their release.


text: The reports that constitute the CIA's "Family Jewels" were commissioned in 1973 by then CIA director James R. Schlesinger, in response to press accounts of CIA involvement in the Watergate scandal—in particular, support to the burglars, E. Howard Hunt and James McCord, both CIA veterans. On May 7, 1973, Schlesinger signed a directive commanding senior officers to compile a report of current or past CIA actions that may have fallen outside the agency's charter. The resulting report, which was in the form of a 693-page loose-leaf book of memos, was passed on to William Colby when he succeeded Schlesinger as Director of Central Intelligence in late 1973.


text: Investigative journalist Seymour Hersh revealed some of the contents of the "Family Jewels" in a front-page "New York Times" article in December 1974, in which he reported that:


text: The Central Intelligence Agency, directly violating its charter, conducted a massive, illegal domestic intelligence operation during the Nixon Administration against the antiwar movement and other dissident groups in the United States according to well-placed Government sources.


text: Additional details of the contents trickled out over the years, but requests by journalists and historians for access to the documents under the Freedom of Information Act were long denied. Finally, in June 2007, CIA Director Michael Hayden announced that the documents would be released to the public at an announcement made to the annual meeting of the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations. A six-page summary of the reports was made available at the National Security Archive (based at George Washington University), with the following introduction:


text: The Central Intelligence Agency violated its charter for 25 years until revelations of illegal wiretapping, domestic surveillance, assassination plots, and human experimentation led to official investigations and reforms in the 1970s.


text: The complete set of documents, with some redactions (including a number of pages in their entirety), was released on the CIA website on June 25, 2007.


text: Congressional investigators had access to the "Family Jewels" in the 1970s, and its existence was known for years before its declassification.


text: The reports describe numerous activities conducted by the CIA from the 1950s to 1970s that may have violated its charter. According to a briefing provided by CIA Director William Colby to the Justice Department on December 31, 1974, these included 18 issues which were of legal concern:


text: Then-President of Cuba, Fidel Castro, who was the target of multiple CIA assassination attempts reported in these documents, responded to their release on July 1, 2007, saying that the United States was still a "killing machine" and that the revealing of the documents was an attempt at diversion. David Corn of the magazine "The Nation" wrote that one key 'jewel' had been redacted and remained classified. Writing for "The New York Times", Amy Zegart wrote: "Given all the illegal activities actually listed in this document, the hidden sections are all the more disturbing."


text: In 2009, Daniel L. Pines, the Assistant General Counsel of the Office of General Counsel within the CIA, wrote a law review published in the "Indiana Law Journal" challenging the assertion that most of the activities described within the Family Jewels were illegal during the time they were conducted. In his conclusion, Pines wrote: "Admittedly, several of the operations mounted during that period failed to comply fully with the laws then in place. Yet, the vast majority of those operations did. Further, except for unconsenting human experimentation, each of the main types of activities depicted in the Family Jewels – targeted killings of foreign leaders, electronic surveillance of Americans, examination of U.S. mail, and collecting information on American dissident movements – was legal in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s."


text: According to the Family Jewels documents released, members of the American mafia were involved in CIA attempts to assassinate Cuban leader Fidel Castro. The documents showed that the CIA recruited Robert Maheu, an ex-FBI agent and aide to Howard Hughes in Las Vegas, to approach Johnny Roselli under the pretense of representing international corporations that wanted Castro dead due to lost gambling interests. Roselli introduced Maheu to mobster leaders Sam Giancana and Santo Trafficante, Jr. Supplied with six poison pills from the CIA, Giancana and Trafficante tried unsuccessfully to have people place the poison in Castro's food.


title: Double World

text: Double World () is a 2020 fantasy action film based on the video game "Zhengtu". The film was directed by Teddy Chan and produced by Soi Cheang, and stars Henry Lau, Peter Ho, Lin Chenhan, and Jiang Luxia. Development began in 2016 and principal photography commenced in the second half of 2018.


title: Double World

text: The film was initially scheduled to be released in November 2019, but was delayed to New Year's Day 2020. Finally due to the coronavirus pandemic, the film forwent a theatrical release and was released to streaming on IQIYI in Mainland China and Netflix internationally in July 2020.


title: Double World

text: In the fictional Central Plains continent, the kingdoms of Southern Zhao and Northern Yan have been locked in a fierce conflict. An assassination attempt on the King of Southern Zhao reignites the war. However, Southern Zhao is lacking a Field Marshal. At Grand Tutor Guan's suggestion, a tournament is held to find a new one, with each of the eight clans of Southern Zhao sending three warriors to compete.


title: Double World

text: In the Qingyuan clan, Chu Hun (played by Peter Ho) known as a "deserter" among the villagers, and Dong Yilong (played by Henry Lau), a young orphaned thief, and a third warrior are selected. While traveling, the three are attacked by giant scorpions- Yilong and Hun surviving but the third warrior being killed. Hun explains to Yilong that he and his brother fought in a previous war against Northern Yan- Hun's entire fighting force having been killed by Northern forces after Grand Tutor Guan refused to send reinforcements, and afterwards being labelled as a deserter for being the only survivor. Grand Tutor Guan secretly meets with Wu Yang, a representative from Northern Yan revealing that he had actually been a double agent for Northern Yan, scheming to take down the other kingdom from the inside.


title: Double World

text: Chu and Dong encounter a young girl, Jinggang (played by Lin Chenhan), trying to steal a totem from another clan, who unintentionally flees her pursuers while being blown away in a sandstorm. Yilong and Hun arrive in the capital city, meeting up with the rest of the tournament contestants, along with Jinggang, who gets in (and loses) a fight over her stolen totem. Hun reveals to Yilong that he intends to kill Grand Tutor Guan for causing his brother's death. While searching for someone to replace their third team member, Jinggang tricks Hun into buying a Northern slave. Unable to find anyone else, Yilong and Hun begrudgingly let Jinggang represent the Qingyuan clan's third member. While sleeping, Hun catches their new slave attempting to kill him. She explains her name is Binu (portrayed by Jiang Luxia) and was the daughter of a commander who Hun's brother killed. Chu Hun promises to let Binu kill him once he kills Grand Tutor Guan.


title: Double World

text: The tournament begins- during the first challenge, each clan must traverse a web of chains while tied to their team members. the Zixuan clan, Qingyuan clan, and Falcon clan manage to win the round, the rest of the clans being branded as losers and being sent to return home. Chu Hun comes face to face with Grand Tutor Guan but decides not to kill him so as to not have the rest of the Qingyuan clan fail. The three are attacked by the contestants of another clan, secretly commissioned by Grand Tutor Guan, to attempt and kill them before they can reach the finals. Binu, now free, returns to her old slavemaster to free other enslaved women.


title: Double World

text: The tournament's second challenge is to steal an egg from the lair of the "Beast King"- a snake-like monster bred for war by Southern Zhao, with a crown-like headpiece embedded into its scalp. After the end of the previous war, the monster was abandoned in a mountain. Jinggang accidentally poisons Hun with a flower. Too weak to walk, he explains to his team members there is a cure inside the mountain. The Falcon clan manages to steal the egg, but are chased by the Beast King and drop it. Yilong and Jinggang grab the egg and are pursued by the Beast King, managing to collect the cure for Hun's poison in the process. The monster eventually gets stuck in a tunnel. Realizing the Beast King is in pain from its headpiece, Yilong helps remove it. After Yilong promises to bring the egg back after the competition, the monster leaves the group alone.


title: Double World

text: Grand Tutor Guan explains to the three contestants that they will have to kill each other for the honor of being Field Marshal. While debating who deserves to win, a hooded woman approaches the group, taking them to the magical "Mystic Forest" where she tells them all their problems will be solved. The voice of Yilong's late father explains that he is the heir to the throne of Northern Yan, and shall bring balance to the Central Plains. Chu Hun, enraged his team member is from Northern Yan, storms off, with Jinggang following. Binu meets Hun in the woods, explaining that she realized she had been more trapped by her hatred of Southern Zhao than her literal chains. Having changed his mind, Hun goes back to find his team members. Jinggang is attacked by Grand Tutor Guan's lackeys in the woods. Chu Hun attempts to save her, but she is killed and Hun is captured.


title: Double World

text: Dong Yilong finds and buries Jinggang. He meets with the leader of the Falcon clan and explains that Grand Tutor Guan orchestrated the entire competition to divide the clans and kill the King of Southern Zhao. Yilong asks him to find the leaders of the other clans and bring them back, to hopefully save the kingdom. Chu Hun is framed for the murder of the members of one of the clans and sentenced to execution. However, Yilong arrives and asks if he can fight Hun, under the guise of killing a traitor. Chu Hun is initially resigned to his death but is convinced by Yilong to continue fighting. Grand Tutor Guan initiates his plan, with Northern Yan soldiers hidden in the crowds swarming the cities.


title: Double World

text: Grand Tutor Guan orders the King to be brought to a Pavilion, while Hun and Yilong fight through swarms of soldiers trying to reach him. Grand Tutor Guan reveals he had actually built the Pavilion specifically to trap and kill the king. Wu Yang fights Yilong, but realizes that he is heir to the Northern Yan throne and bows to him before accidentally being killed. Chu Hun fights Grand Tutor Guan's dog, almost dying but being saved by Binu sacrificing herself. The rest of the clans arrive to assist the king. Grand Tutor Guan fills the arena with lit oil, in an attempt to steam the king to death. The leader of the Falcon clan sacrifices himself to save the king from the burning pavilion, and Hun kills Grand Tutor Guan.


title: Double World

text: After Guan's plan is foiled, Chu Hun is awarded the title of Grand Field Marshal. Jinggang is posthumously honored with a title, and Yilong returns to the Beast King to return its egg. Chu Hun and Yilong part ways, with Yilong returning to Northern Yan to reclaim his throne.


title: Double World

text: Developed by Teddy Chan, the film is based on the MMORPG game "Zhengtu". The film had a reported budget of $43 million.


title: Double World

text: The film was released on IQIYI in China on July 24, 2020 and in other territories via Netflix on July 25, 2020. The film broke the 72-hour revenue record for paid film premieres on the Chinese streaming platform IQIYI. PR Newswire noted the film was an instant hit in China with 400 million views on its first day.


title: Double World

text: Double World has a 7.8 out of 10 and a 5.1 out of 10 on Chinese review aggregator sites Maoyan and Douban respectively.


title: Double World

text: James March of "South China Morning Post" reviewed the film giving a score of 2.5 out of 5. Kung-Fu Kingdom gave a score of 7 out of 10.


title: Zack Taylor

text: Zachary Taylor is a fictional character in the Power Rangers universe, appearing in the television series "Mighty Morphin Power Rangers". He is the original Black Ranger of the first generation of Power Rangers. He was played by actor Walter Emanuel Jones.


title: Zack Taylor

text: Zack and his close friends Kimberly Hart, Jason Lee Scott, Billy Cranston and Trini Kwan were picked as the five original Power Rangers by the wise sage Zordon to defend Earth from the evil sorceress Rita Repulsa. After traveling through time Zack was chosen as the Black Power Ranger, gaining the Mastodon Power Coin and the Mastodon Dinozord.


title: Zack Taylor

text: Quick-witted and clever, Zack relies on a combination of skill, strength, and agility to win his battles. The original Black Ranger is an energetic, charismatic, and fun-loving young man. He enjoys athletics (such as basketball, American football, and scuba diving), dancing (especially to a fresh beat bumping out of his friend's boombox), parties, and girls. Whenever he didn't have an arm around Trini or Kimberly, Zack could be found pursuing his attractive, but hard-to-get classmate, Angela. Zack always loved a good joke. Though he loved all the people close to him, Zack's best friend was clearly Jason. Zack is extremely confident and positive. Only four occasions saw Zack ready to give it up: when the Green Ranger took out Zordon, Alpha 5 and the Command Center while removing the Rangers from the Megazord; when his team was placed under a spell to take away their confidence; and when their Dinozords were commandeered by Lord Zedd's first monster, Pirantishead. But the first occasion happened very early in the series when his friends pretended to have forgotten his birthday. Zack went off into a secluded area, and into a trap by Rita Repulsa. For some time, he had to fight the powerful Knasty Knight alone. Oddly enough, despite his plentiful confidence, Zack is an extreme ophidiophobe, arachnophobe, and entomophobe meaning he is terrified of snakes, spiders, and insects although, on one occasion when performing magic for a group of children seeking shelter from a monster attack, he handled two fake snakes and used them to scare off Bulk and Skull. Because of this, it can be assumed that Zack's fear of snakes deteriorated over time, especially after an encounter on Rita's Island of Illusion where his strength of will was tested against his fear of snakes.


title: Zack Taylor

text: Zack enjoyed martial arts just as much as he did dancing and, as a result, created his own fighting style, called Hip Hop kido. The customized art consisted of dance-like maneuvers flourished with fast and powerful strikes, much like Capoeira or as seen by actor Daniel O' Neill in Bangkok Adrenaline. This effective combination of power and prowess made Zack an incredibly formidable combatant.


title: Zack Taylor

text: However, he would sometimes tone down his style and mimic the attacks of Billy to simultaneously strike opponents.


title: Zack Taylor

text: He was also very resourceful. On several occasions, it was his cunning that led his team to victory. Such occasions included his discovery of the means to overcome the Knasty Knight who was sent to isolate and destroy him on his birthday- the monster possessed the ability to redistribute the Ranger's force in order to fry the weapons they used against him. When the storm-bringing chimera monster Goatan froze the Megazord, Zack analyzed what little resources the Megazord had left and used it to regain dominance in the battle.


title: Zack Taylor

text: After Tommy Oliver joined the team, he and Zack quickly became close friends as a result of their similar interests. When Tommy was nervous about trying to engage a romantic relationship with Kimberly, it was Zack who Tommy sought for advice. Before Tommy appeared (or if Tommy is not at the Youth Center) Zack is usually Jason's sparring partner when practicing Karate. Tommy and Zack would also act as sparring partners for each other, as well. Though Jason was the Ranger Tommy selected to take on his Green Ranger powers after Rita eliminated Tommy's link to the Morphing Grid, Zack is the only other individual to don the Dragon Shield when Tommy gave it to him so that its enhanced regenerative powers could heal Zack from the Oysterizer monster's acidic attack.


title: Zack Taylor

text: In the Season 2 episode "Green No More, Part 1", Zack's cousin Curtis was introduced, who would have a small recurring role throughout the middle of the season. Curtis was very similar to Zack due to their similar interests in dance and music, as well as their smooth-talking speech pattern. He also formed a friendship with Trini's crush Richie. The two once even managed to fight off a group of Putties while they were skating.


title: Zack Taylor

text: When Walter Jones (Zack), Austin St. John (Jason), and Thuy Trang (Trini) left the show (over contract disputes), their characters stopped making new on-screen or face-to-camera shots- simply being shown in their Ranger uniforms, using old footage, or with doubles who were never directly facing the cameras- before they were written off in the two-part "Power Transfer" episode in which their characters were chosen to attend the World Peace Conference. Zack's powers were transferred to Adam Park. Though Jason later returned in "Power Rangers Zeo", "", and the tenth anniversary special "Forever Red," it was never stated what became of Trini or Zack after the peace conference, although Jones did return to the show in a few episodes in Power Rangers Lost Galaxy and Power Rangers Wild Force mainly doing voicework for monsters and villains.


title: Zack Taylor

text: During the final episode of "Power Rangers Super Megaforce" - "Legendary Battle" - Zack participates in the eponymous battle as the Black Mighty Morphin Power Ranger alongside other past and present Power Rangers. Emanuel Jones does not reprise the role for this morphed appearance and it is presumed to be Zack wielding the Mastadon Power Coin as his replacement, Adam Park, participates in the battle as the Green Zeo Ranger.


title: Zack Taylor

text: Zack makes another morphed appearance as the Black Mighty Morphin Power Ranger for a second season episode of "Power Rangers Beast Morphers" - "Grid Connection". The episode saw Austin St. John reprise the role as Jason Lee Scott, the Red Mighty Morphin Power Ranger. Jason summons the other four core Mighty Morphin Power Rangers and the Dino Thunder rangers to join him and the Dino Charge rangers in battling a resurrected Goldar Maximus. Again, Emanuel Jones did not return; Zack has no dialogue and remains morphed throughout the appearance.


title: Zack Taylor

text: For Hasbro PulseCon 2022, Walter Emanuel Jones announced he would reprise the role of Zack to mark the 30th anniversary of the "Power Rangers" franchise. It is not yet known if this will be an episode of upcoming third season of Power Rangers Dino Fury (retitled "Power Rangers Cosmic Fury") or a different "Power Rangers" production.


title: Zack Taylor

text: Zack appears in the 2017 film reboot, played by Chinese-Canadian actor Ludi Lin. He is initially introduced as a school truant with an apparent need for adrenaline, willing to attempt the team's more extreme stunts, such as jumping over a chasm. In the course of the film, it is revealed that he lives in a mobile home park with his ill mother, and Zack is her only carer. Zack is bilingual, speaking English, and using Mandarin Chinese to communicate with his mother. He is the first Ranger to try and pilot his zord, despite being told that it is only controllable once they have morphed, taking the Mastodon on a run through the hills. He rallies in time to assist the team in facing Rita in the final battle.


title: Zack Taylor

text: Kimberly is the main character in this comic book mini series published by Boom! Studios. The series is a modern remake but also serves as a continuation from Kimberly's exit in the third season of Mighty Morphin Power Rangers. Kimberly needs to rescue a French town under siege from Goldar. She seeks help from Zordon who uses the Sword of Light to activate the latent pink energy within her. Kimberly then teleports to Zack and Trini in South America for their help. Zordon uses the Sword of Light to share Kimberly's power with them. Zack once again becomes the black ranger. It is also revealed that Zack and Trini are in a relationship.


title: Zack Taylor

text: In "Power/Rangers" Zack Taylor (played by Gichi Gamba), in this much darker satirical reimagining, in this timeline the Machine Empire defeats the Power Rangers and destroys the Megazord in battle, Earth's governments negotiate a truce with the Machine Empire and the Power Rangers are disbanded. Zack an insatiable action junkie and "Hip Hop Kido" workout instructor who became a Machine Empire enforcer (seen taking down the North Korean Kim and his goons personally), he also has a relationship with Divatox and Scorpina and has also become a cocaine addict, he is murdered by Rita Repulsa disguised as Kimberly Hart.


title: Zack Taylor

text: The choice of color for the Black Ranger (Zack Taylor) and Yellow Ranger (Trini Kwan) have been a source of criticism, due to the belief these colors are representations of their racial backgrounds. There are many parodies illustrating the perceived inherent racism of the show. According to the producers, this was not noticed until the tenth episode of "Mighty Morphin Power Rangers".


title: Shafi Inamdar

text: Shafi Inamdar (23 October 1945 – 13 March 1996) was an Indian actor. He started his film career with the film "Vijeta" and continued it in "Ardh Satya". He acted in a number of television serials including "Yeh Jo Hai Zindagi". His most notable film roles include the inspector in "Aaj Ki Awaz", the villain in "Awam" and the friend of the hero in films like "Nazrana", "Anokha Rishta", "Amrit". Some of his other films are "Kudrat Ka Kanoon", "Jurm", "Sadaa Suhagan" and "Love 86", all successful.


title: Shafi Inamdar

text: Shafi Inamdar received his early education at Pangari Dapoli, Ratnagiri, MS and at St. Joseph's High School in Umerkhadi (Dongri) in Mumbai, India, where he passed his S.S.C exam in 1958. He did his B.Sc from K.C College in 1963.


title: Shafi Inamdar

text: He is particularly known for playing the common man's role. He has acted in numerous television shows, the most notable being Kundan Shah's "Yeh Jo Hai Zindagi", telecast on Doordarshan in the 80s which made him a household name. The show went on to become so popular that it even started affecting the business of films, as it used to be aired late on Friday nights. The serial was such a hit that it ran for 61 episodes when generally a serial ran for a maximum of 25 weeks. One of his last performances on television was in "Teri Bhi Chup Meri Bhi Chup". He also played the role of an advocate in the Hindi film "Yeshwant", which was released after his death. He appeared in Ramesh Sippy's film "Saagar". Inamdar also directed a film titled "Hum Dono", starring Nana Patekar, Rishi Kapoor and Pooja Bhatt. The film was a hit and he was considered a good director.


title: Shafi Inamdar

text: From his schooling days he was interested in dramas and used to act and direct school plays. He participated in elocution competition and debates. This continued through his college days and intensified his desire to become a performing artist and a theatre personality. He started his career as an actor and director under the guidance of Gujarati theatre personality Praveen Joshi. He directed and acted in about 30 one act plays in Hindi, Gujarati, Marathi and English from 1973 to 1978. Later he joined the Indian National Theatre and Indian People's Theatre Association where he met Balraj Sahni and other members of Indian Theatre and learned the finer aspects of acting.


title: Shafi Inamdar

text: The turning point in his career was Ismat Chugtai’s play "Nila Kamra", which he staged as his first commercial production in Hindi. In the late seventies when the Prithvi Theatre was started Shafi Inamdar got an opportunity to produce several Hindi plays that paved the way for establishing him as a theatre personality to be reckoned with. He founded his own theatre group Hum Productions in 1982 and directed, produced and acted in various plays. He also staged comedies and folk theatre based on human drama, Naag Mandala.


title: Shafi Inamdar

text: In 1984 came India’s most popular television sitcom "Yeh Jo Hai Zindagi", a comedy serial starring Shafi Inamdar in the main lead as the character Ranjeet Verma, Swaroop Sampat played his wife Renu while Rakesh Bedi played his brother-in-law Raja. Shafi later acted in many other television serials like "Adha Sach, Aadha Jooth", "Mirza Ghalib" and "Teri Bhi Chup meri Bhi Chup". In 1983, he made first appearance on the Hindi screen in the Shashi Kapoor produced and Govind Nihalani directed film "Vijeta", followed by the hard-hitting but popular "Ardh Satya". He acted in B. R. Chopra films like "Aaj Ki Awaaz" (for which he also won a nomination in Filmfare award for Best Supporting Actor), "Awaam" and "Dahleez", and became a regular with the B. R. film camp.


title: Shafi Inamdar

text: a caricature of TV journalist Rajat Sharma of "Aap Ki Adalat" fame, and exposes a group of corrupted people regarding politics, law and police. His witty dialogues were appreciated. "Krantiveer" was one of the highest-grossing movies of 1994.


title: Shafi Inamdar

text: Shafi died on 13 March 1996 following a massive heart attack while watching the India vs Sri Lanka 1996 Cricket World Cup semifinal match. At the time, he was acting in the comedy show "Teri Bhi Chup Meri Bhi Chup", which was shelved due to his death.


title: The Good Place (season 3)

text: The third season of the fantasy comedy television series "The Good Place", created by Michael Schur, was renewed on November 21, 2017, on NBC, and began airing on September 27, 2018, in the United States. The season is produced by Fremulon, 3 Arts Entertainment, and Universal Television. The season concluded on January 24, 2019, and contained thirteen episodes.


title: The Good Place (season 3)

text: The series focuses on Eleanor Shellstrop (Kristen Bell), a deceased young woman who wakes up in the afterlife and is welcomed by Michael (Ted Danson) to "the Good Place" in reward for her righteous life; however, she eventually discovers that Michael's "Good Place" is a hoax, and she is actually in the "Bad Place" being psychologically and emotionally tortured by her fellow afterlife residents. William Jackson Harper, Jameela Jamil, and Manny Jacinto co-star as other deceased human residents of the faux Good Place who are similarly being tormented, together with D'Arcy Carden as an artificial being helping the inhabitants. In the third season, the deceased humans have been returned to life on Earth to allow them another chance to improve morally, with some guidance from Michael. Each of the episodes is listed as "Chapter (xx)" following the opening title card.


title: The Good Place (season 3)

text: The third season received critical acclaim. On Rotten Tomatoes, the third season has a rating of 98%, based on 47 reviews, with an average rating of 8.35/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Charming and curious as ever, "The Good Place" remains a delightfully insightful bright spot on the television landscape." On Metacritic, the third season has a score of 96 out of 100, based on reviews from five critics, indicating "universal acclaim".


title: The Good Place (season 3)

text: For the 71st Primetime Emmy Awards, the series received four nominations–for Outstanding Comedy Series, Ted Danson for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series, Maya Rudolph for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series, and Josh Siegal and Dylan Morgan for Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series for the episode "Janet(s)". "Janet(s)" also won the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form, with the episode "Jeremy Bearimy" also nominated. Several critics expressed dismay that D'Arcy Carden was not nominated for her work in the episode "Janet(s)", where she portrayed most of the main characters.


title: Chris Finch (basketball)

text: Chris Finch (born November 6, 1969) is an American professional basketball coach and former player who is the current head coach for the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was previously an assistant coach for the Houston Rockets, Denver Nuggets, New Orleans Pelicans and Toronto Raptors of the National Basketball Association (NBA).


title: Chris Finch (basketball)

text: Finch is a 1992 graduate of Franklin & Marshall College in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, where he was an NCAA Division III All-American in 1991 and 1992. In 1991, as one of the best defenders in the nation's third division, he helped lead the F&M Diplomats to the NCAA Division III championship game in Springfield, Ohio, where the team lost to Wisconsin-Platteville. Finch ranks among the school's all-time leaders in points, rebounds, assists, blocks and steals.


title: Chris Finch (basketball)

text: Finch began his playing career in England, with the Sheffield Forgers of the then second-tier of British basketball, the National Basketball League. Before the 1994–95 season, Finch and Sheffield moved into the first-tier of British basketball, the British Basketball League.


title: Chris Finch (basketball)

text: Finch started his head coaching career in England, with the Sheffield Sharks of the British Basketball League, the same team that he played on during his pro playing career. He led them to several titles during his tenure, making the franchise the most successful in league history. After winning the regular season title with Sheffield in the 1998–99 season, he was named the BBL Coach of the Year.


title: Chris Finch (basketball)

text: He then moved to Germany for a fresh challenge, where he was the head coach of the Gießen 46ers, in the German Basketball Bundesliga. The team had a horrible year, and Finch was fired, after having a record of 4–13, with the team being on the verge of relegation.


title: Chris Finch (basketball)

text: After his unsuccessful time in Germany, Finch moved to Belgium, where he was the head coach of Euphony Bree. He led Bree to their first and only Belgian Basketball League championship in 2005. In 2006 his team played a successfull season in the ULEB Cup.


title: Chris Finch (basketball)

text: In 2007, Finch moved to Bree's Belgian Basketball League rivals, Dexia Mons-Hainaut, bringing several players with him and his successful assistant coach Johan Roijakkers. With Finch in charge, Dexia Mons-Hainaut reached the final of the EuroChallenge 2007–08, where they lost to BK Barons Riga by a single point.


title: Chris Finch (basketball)

text: In 2009, Finch became the head coach of the Rio Grande Valley Vipers, of the NBA D-League. Under Finch, the Vipers went 34–16, finishing in first place in the Western Conference, and earned the franchise's first playoff berth. In the playoffs, the Vipers beat both Reno and Austin in 3 games, and swept Tulsa in the Finals to earn the franchise's first championship. Finch was named the D-League Coach of Year.


title: Chris Finch (basketball)

text: Finch was hired as an Assistant Coach for the Houston Rockets in 2011. After Kevin McHale was fired in 2015 and J. B. Bickerstaff replaced him on an interim basis, Finch was named Associate Head Coach.


title: Chris Finch (basketball)

text: Finch was officially hired by the Denver Nuggets August 8, 2016 as the Associate Head Coach alongside Mike Malone.


title: Chris Finch (basketball)

text: Finch was officially hired by the New Orleans Pelicans on June 8, 2017 as the associate head coach alongside Alvin Gentry. On November 16, 2020, Finch was not retained by the Pelicans.


title: Chris Finch (basketball)

text: On December 4, 2020, he was officially announced as a new member of the coaching staff for the Toronto Raptors, where he served as assistant coach to Nick Nurse, who had served under him at the 2012 Summer Olympics.


title: Chris Finch (basketball)

text: On February 22, 2021, the Minnesota Timberwolves named Finch as the team's new head coach. On April 11, 2022, he received a multi-year extension.


title: Chris Finch (basketball)

text: Finch also coached the Great Britain Men's National Team at the FIBA EuroBasket 2009, FIBA EuroBasket 2011, and the 2012 Summer Olympics. He resigned after his team was eliminated from the Olympics to focus on his NBA coaching career.


title: Gisela Getty

text: Gisela Martine Getty (née Schmidt; born 3 April 1949) is a German photographer, film director, designer and author. She and her late sister, Jutta Winkelmann, are known in Germany as high-profile representatives of what German historiography calls the '68-movement.


title: Gisela Getty

text: Gisela Martine Schmidt was born in 1949 in Kassel, a mid-size town north of Frankfurt. Her father, Julius Schmidt, was a writer and military historian. Gisela's mother, born Ruth Winzenburg, was a qualified teacher who quit her job in an agricultural college to concentrate on her family. Gisela, along with her sister Jutta, attended the Waldorf school in Kassel, and then went on to study graphic arts, fashion, film and photography at the Kassel Arts Academy between 1966 and 1970.


title: Gisela Getty

text: In 1968, the sisters teamed up with Adolf Winkelmann and to found the . In 1969, they won first prize at the International Short Film Festival in Oberhausen. Their (completely uncut) winning film "Heinrich Viel" was filmed in the Volkswagen factory in Baunatal and lasts 31 minutes. It concerns a production line worker. Gisela later cheerfully described it as "unwatchable". It was also in 1969 that Gisela Schmidt married . married Adolf Winkelmann shortly afterwards.


title: Gisela Getty

text: Gisela initially came to public attention during the student protests of 1968 and the years that followed, as she was active in the demonstrations in Kassel and in West Berlin. Gisela's marriage with Büttenbender ended, and in 1970 she relocated to Berlin with Jutta. Many years later, when asked what she hoped to find in Berlin, Gisela answered without hesitation: "Revolution, of course". Sexual liberation was an important part of that, along with the total rejection more broadly of their parents' value system, which was central to the "'68-movement". The actor Rolf Zacher and the hippie mentor Rainer Langhans were among their new friends. Sources are not fully consistent over when a group including Jutta and Gisela, along with Rolf Zacher, moved to Rome. At around the same time Gisela married Zacher. The marriage was brief, but it lasted long enough to produce a daughter, Anna, born towards the end of October 1972. The "life without limits" that Gisela was leading in Rome was not conducive to safely bringing up a new baby, and Anna was quickly sent to Kassel to be looked after by the family.


title: Gisela Getty

text: During the early part of 1973, she met the teenager John Paul Getty who a few months later, still in Rome, became the victim of a very widely publicized 'Ndrangheta kidnapping. Getty had been expelled from his Rome-based international school the previous year, following the death of his stepmother, and become a teenage drop-out. Soon after he first set eyes on the twins the three of them became inseparable, living together in a shared basement apartment in Rome-Trastevere, sharing the bed as a threesome and "convinced that we could achieve anything we wanted". Nevertheless, as Gisela later told an interviewer, at that stage "...there wasn’t more than holding hands".


title: Gisela Getty

text: Following the kidnapping, Gisela and fell under suspicion and were briefly detained by the authorities in Rome. By the time the kidnapping took place, during July 1973, the relationship with Getty had intensified. Following the child's release after five months (believed to have been in return for a large ransom payment from an enraged grandfather) Gisela Zacher and Paul Getty were in love. They married towards the end of 1974. Getty was disinherited by his grandfather who had some time previously stipulated that the boy should not marry before reaching the age of 22 or 23 (sources differ). Balthazar Getty, the young couple's son, was born towards the end of January 1975. Many aspects of the kidnapping incident remain unknown or undisclosed, however, media speculation has proliferated.


title: Gisela Getty

text: By the time Balthazar was born, Gisela and her husband were in California, initially living together in Los Angeles and subsequently — in San Francisco. Gisela and Jutta had become media personalities through their involvement in the 1968 protests. The tragic events of 1973 and the marriage to Paul Getty greatly enhanced Gisela's media profile. By the time she left Rome for California she and her husband were part of a social network of arts-world celebrities that included Dennis Hopper, Leonard Cohen, Bob Dylan, Carlo Ponti, and Federico Fellini.


title: Gisela Getty

text: The kidnapping had inflicted levels of intense trauma on each of them that would remain with both. In California, Gisela was separated from her sister, but the "wild child" lifestyle continued in other respects. Sources relate how her husband found refuge but also dependency through intensification of his drug habit. There are reports that it was to get them away from the excesses of the lifestyle she and her husband shared, that Gisela eventually took the children away from their home together to live in a state of "relative normality" in San Francisco. Here she became professionally involved with the Magic Theatre Company and wrote plays. Matters took a turn for the worse in 1981 after a medically prescribed combination of drugs – allegedly intended to reduce his dependency issues – sent Paul Getty into a coma. Physically, his recovery was never more than partial: his sight was permanently impaired, and he was required to use a wheelchair for the rest of his life. The couple had separated in 1980 and following "the accident" in 1981 Gisela Getty returned to the Federal Republic, settling in Munich. Gisela and Paul remained friends: divorce followed only in 1993.


title: Gisela Getty

text: Jutta and Gisela had met Bob Dylan for the first time during his European tour in 1966: a certain mutual attraction had been sparked by the encounter. When they realized that the threesome they enjoyed in Rome would not last forever and that Gisela was going to marry Paul Getty, the twins agreed that Jutta would "hold out for Bob Dylan". In 1976 she teamed up with the film-maker and former communard Rainer Langhans, the photographer Anna Werner and the Photo-model Brigitte Streubel to form a new "principally spiritually oriented self-discovery commune" in Munich. They were joined in 1978 by the filmmaker and journalist , and by Gisela Getty in 1991. The press soubriquet , which the media-savvy members were content to adopt, was an obvious response to the gender imbalance. "The Harem" has received significant levels of media attention over the years. Gisela Getty, "brought money and illustrious contacts" when she joined, and for a time may have distorted the dynamics of the , but that risk appears to have receded more recently.


title: Gisela Getty

text: Timothy Leary was a Psychology professor at Harvard University with a close interest in psychedelic drugs. His dismissal from Harvard in 1963, followed by frequent arrests during the next couple of decades in connection with his enthusiastic endorsement of (probably illegal) aspects of the drug culture, turned him into a media celebrity. President Nixon helpfully described Leary as "the most dangerous man in America". In the early 1990s Leary turned his attention to death. During his later years Leary suffered from prostate cancer, and after accepting that his own death was becoming imminent, Leary agreed that Gisela Getty and Jutta Winkelmann might make a documentary film on the subject. The twins spent a considerable amount of time with Leary and his partner, Aileen Getty, preparing their documentary during 1992 and 1993. (Aileen was a sister of Gisela's husband.) The result was a television documentary "Der Tod steht ihnen gut" ("loosely, "Death suits them well"") which appeared in 1994. Critics were underwhelmed that the resulting movie was presented as a "normal" television documentary, without any disclosure that the twins were long-standing friends and admirers of the "High priest of the drug culture". There was much about the things Leary represented that had fallen out of public favor since the 1970s, and although the film was duly screened on one of the more obscure German television channels, it has subsequently been largely overlooked. Nevertheless, as is pointed out in the biographical note on Gisela Getty's web page, "Der Tod steht ihnen gut" did win the bronze medal in the "History and Society" category at the 1995 The New Yorker Festival.


title: Gisela Getty

text: Gisela Getty's public profile was much diminished after she and Paul Getty divorced in 1993. Nevertheless, she continues to feature in contemporary reports, both in recollections of her wild years and on account, more recently, of her literary work. In 2008 she published "Die Zwillinge oder Vom Versuch, Geld und Geist zu küssen" ("loosely, "The twins: on the attempt to embrace mammon and spirit" ") jointly with and the Kassel-born writer-journalist . It appeared online five years later. For Jutta and Gisela the book is a confessional autobiographical work, dealing with aspects of the twins' lives, as part of the '68 generation, in Kassel, Berlin and Rome. Critical reactions were mixed, although the power of the book to stimulate overblown prose in others was on shameless display in the reviews. shared with readers of the Neue Zürcher Zeitung his opinion that the book was "interesting principally as a historical record of deluded narcissism" (""...vor allem als historisches Dokument eines verblendeten Narzissmus interessant""). Writing in Der Spiegel, had clearly had more fun with the book: "... a devilish cocktail of drug-fueled delirium, gangsterly insanity and sex in the beds of artists ... The twins have a sexual gangsterism and a sadomasochistic sophistication that is still compelling even at the second reading".


title: Gisela Getty

text: "Unter dem Cherrytree" appeared in 2013 and was reviewed in Die Welt. was on hand again. He seems to have been perplexed, describing the little book as "a personal mythology ..., half Japanese manga, [and] half a blend of Indian mythology, apocalypse and the eternally spinning wheel of life".


title: Reg Park

text: Roy "Reg" Park (7 June 1928 – 22 November 2007) was an English bodybuilder, businessman, and actor. His first title was Mr Britain in 1949. He then won the Mr Universe in 1951, 1958 and 1965. He also starred in five films, four featured as Hercules, and in one, "Hercules in the Haunted World" (1961), he co-starred with Christopher Lee. Besides his own career and titles, he is probably best known as an idol and mentor to Arnold Schwarzenegger.


title: Reg Park

text: Roy Park was born in Leeds, West Yorkshire on 7 June 1928. Showing athletic interests early in life, Park dedicated his teenage years to excelling in football where he played in the reserves for Leeds United. He had no specific interest in bodybuilding until age 16 when he met muscleman David Cohen. Upon learning that Cohen lifted weights at his friend's house, Park joined in out of curiosity. Park's legendary physique would begin to grow from barbells, dumbbells and a simple chinning bar.


title: Reg Park

text: During his national service he was a Physical Training Instructor in Singapore. Upon discharge from the British Army in 1948, he witnessed his first physique contest; the inaugural NABBA Mr. Universe contest in London, in which John Grimek edged out Steve Reeves in controversial fashion. It was this contest that inspired Park to compete himself.


title: Reg Park

text: After one year of hard training, Park earned the title of Mr. Britain in 1949. He then subsequently spent six months in the United States (thanks to a gift from his parents). There, he met up with publisher Joe Weider, who began to feature the Englishman prominently in his muscle magazines. The next year, Park was runner-up to Steve Reeves in the 1950 NABBA Amateur Mr. Universe in London (also a close contest).


title: Reg Park

text: After a second full year of training, Park broke what had been an American monopoly on bodybuilding titles by winning the 1951 National Amateur Bodybuilders Association (NABBA) Amateur Mr. Universe. He cemented his status by winning the 1958 and 1965 NABBA Pro Mr. Universe titles. Standing 6'1" and with a top weight of 250 pounds, Park was known for his muscular mass and was a forerunner to modern bodybuilding. Park was also renowned for his strength, which he often demonstrated in contests and strongman exhibitions. He is on record as the second man to bench press 500 lbs, after Doug Hepburn. As an actor, Park made five films—all Italian Hercules sword and sandal pictures.


title: Reg Park

text: Up to the time of his illness in 2007, despite being in his seventies, Park continued to train clients at the Morningside Virgin Active Gym in Sandton, South Africa. He has been featured in many fitness and bodybuilding magazines, and has also appeared on the cover of "Muscle & Fitness". He was inducted into the International Federation of Bodybuilders (IFBB) IFBB Hall of Fame's first ballot in 1999.


title: Reg Park

text: With his wife of 55 years, Mareon, and children Jeunesse and Jon Jon by his side, Park died on 22 November 2007 in his home in South Africa, after an eight-month battle with metastatic melanoma (a form of skin cancer). Park's legacy is continued by his son Jon Jon Park, a personal trainer and former Olympic swimmer. Reg Park raised and trained Jon Jon in South Africa. Today Jon Jon Park is the owner of the Legacy Gym, a popular gymnasium in West Los Angeles. Reg's daughter, Jeunesse, founded Food & Trees for Africa, a non profit that changed thousands of lives and landscapes.


title: Reg Park

text: Famous for his mass and strength, Reg Park was an early influence and lifelong mentor to champion bodybuilder Arnold Schwarzenegger. Schwarzenegger said that he was inspired to become a bodybuilder after seeing Park. For three years in the 1960s Schwarzenegger was trained by Wag Bennett in his gym in the East End of London, and it was there where he met his idol, Reg Park. Bonus footage from the DVD release of the classic documentary film "Pumping Iron" (1977) features Park mentoring Schwarzenegger. Park can also be heard performing the Master of Ceremonies duties in the Mr. Universe and Mr. Olympia contests featured in the film proper.


title: Dead Snow

text: Dead Snow () is a 2009 Norwegian comedy horror film directed by Tommy Wirkola, starring Charlotte Frogner, Stig Frode Henriksen, Vegar Hoel, Jeppe Laursen, Evy Kasseth Røsten, Jenny Skavlan, and Lasse Valdal. The film centers on a group of students surviving a zombie Nazi attack in the mountains of Norway. The premise of the film is similar to that of the draugr, a Scandinavian folkloric undead greedily protecting its (often stolen) treasures. NYAV Post has produced an English dub of this film for the home media release.


title: Dead Snow

text: A woman, Sara, is being chased through the snows of Norway. She is ultimately cornered and eaten by zombies wearing World War II Nazi SS uniforms.


title: Dead Snow

text: Seven students on Easter vacation arrive at a small cabin near Øksfjord. The cabin is owned by Vegard, Sara’s boyfriend. The group begins to drink and party until a mysterious hiker arrives. He tells them the dark history of the region; during World War II, a force of Einsatzgruppe, led by Standartenführer Herzog, occupied the area. For three years, the Nazis abused and tortured the local people. Near the end of the war, with Germany's defeat looming, the soldiers looted all the town's valuables. However, the citizens staged an uprising and ambushed them, killing many. The survivors, including Herzog, were chased into the mountains, and it was assumed that they all froze to death. The hiker then continues on his way. That night, Vegard wakes to a figure placing something beneath the floorboards of the cabin. He calls out, believing it to be Sara, but she ignores him and leaves. Vegard follows, and finds her outside covered in blood. Vegard suddenly jolts awake in his bed, revealing it was a dream. Meanwhile, the hiker has set up camp in the mountains and is eating dinner when he is disturbed by a noise outside. He investigates, and is attacked and killed by a zombie.


title: Dead Snow

text: The next morning, Vegard, out looking for Sara, discovers the hiker's body. He searches the area, falls through the snow into a cave, and is knocked unconscious. After sunset, Erlend finds an old wooden box filled with valuables and golden trinkets. They celebrate, and one of them pockets a gold coin. They eventually return the rest of the treasure to the box. Erlend goes to the outhouse where he and Chris have sex. Afterwards, Erlend returns to the cabin, and drops a gold coin. Chris is attacked by a zombie, and killed. The others leave the cabin to look for her, and find Sara's rucksack buried in the snow.


title: Dead Snow

text: Upon returning to the cabin, they are attacked. Erlend is killed in an attempt to defend the cabin, and the others secure the cabin. Vegard comes around in the cave, discovering German firearms and helmets, as well as Sara's severed head. He is attacked, but escapes to the surface, where he is confronted by a zombie. Vegard stabs the zombie in the eye, but is knocked from the cliff side by a second assailant. Vegard is bitten in the neck by the zombie, whilst the two hang from the cliff using an intestine as rope. He climbs back to the snowmobile, stitches his wounds, and mounts a MG34 machine gun to his snowmobile.


title: Dead Snow

text: Meanwhile, the remaining four students decide to split up. The two men, Martin and Roy, attempt to distract the zombies, while the two women, Hanna and Liv, run for the cars and go for help. En route to the cars, the girls are ambushed. Liv is knocked out by a zombie and awakens to him and another zombie pulling out her intestines. Using an M24 stick grenade, she commits suicide and kills her assailants. Hanna leads a zombie to a cliff edge, breaks the ice, and they fall. The pair survive, and Hanna kills the zombie.


title: Dead Snow

text: Martin and Roy accidentally set fire to the cabin with Molotov cocktails. They escape, and arm themselves with power tools. More zombies attack, but they are aided by Vegard. During the attack Vegard is killed and Martin accidentally kills Hanna, who has returned to the cabin. Herzog arrives, leading a group of zombies. They attack, and Martin is bitten on the arm. To avoid becoming infected, he cuts off his arm with a chainsaw. After killing the remaining undead, Martin and Roy are about to attack Herzog, who calls upon hundreds of zombies, that rise from under the snow. Whilst running from their attackers, Roy is hit in the head by a hammer, disemboweled by a tree branch, and killed by Herzog, who retrieves a watch from his pocket.


title: Dead Snow

text: Martin realises the zombies' intent, and retrieves the box from the ruined cabin. He returns the box to Herzog, and escapes to the car. There, he finds a gold coin in his pocket, just as Herzog smashes the window of the car.


title: Dead Snow

text: In creating the film's Nazi zombies, writer and director Tommy Wirkola concluded that the best way to enhance the horror and disgust of standard zombies was to give them the Nazi element; he also used the historical backdrop of the Nazi occupation of Norway in developing the film's plot. In an interview, Wirkola said: "When we were about to sit down and write the actual script, we started thinking 'What is more evil than a zombie'? A Nazi-zombie! We have a really strong war-history up in the north of Norway from World War Two, so it was fun to combine actual events with our own story. And you know Nazis have always been the ultimate villains in movies. Combine that with zombies and you really get something that no one would sympathise with". Wirkola, who also appeared in a cameo as one of the zombie soldiers, said of his monsters: "I like to think of them as Nazi zombies. Nazis first, then zombies".


title: Dead Snow

text: Even though a curse is alluded to in the beginning of the film, through the Nazi occupation and the subsequent burial grounds in the Norwegian mountains, it is not shown how the Nazis became zombies. Wirkola used the curse angle in the creation of the film's zombies: "We went for the old-fashioned ones where they're cursed. For me there are two types of zombie films: the curse and the plague or virus. So we wanted ours to be like a ghost story mixed with Indiana Jones".


title: Dead Snow

text: The special effects make-up team responsible were Per Steinar Hoftun and Shino Kotani, both of Freax FX, and Steinar Kaarstein, of Effektmakeren. The development crew also included Janne Røhmen (key make-up artist), Elisabeth Haugan, Gudmund Saksvik, Lene Bruksås, and Ragnhild Prestholt. Despite being set in Øksfjord, the film was shot in Alta and Målselv.


title: Dead Snow

text: The film was distributed by Euforia Film and released on 9 January 2009 in Norway. The U.S. premiere was held at the Sundance Film Festival, after which IFC Films purchased the U.S. distribution rights. The film received a limited release in the U.S. starting 19 June 2009, before its DVD release on 23 February 2010.


title: Dead Snow

text: "Dead Snow" received mixed reviews from Norwegian critics, and was rated 3/6 by both "Verdens Gang" and "Dagbladet". According to Manohla Dargis of "The New York Times", director Tommy Wirkola, "who wrote the irrelevant screenplay with Stig Frode Henriksen, doesn't just hit every horror beat; he pounds it to an indistinguishable pulp". She highlighted the special effects team for acclaim for their "admirably disgusting" work. Stephen Witty of "The Star-Ledger" also commented positively on the film's visuals, and lauded Wirkola for his "steady hand with the action scenes", but identified the plot as the film's weakness. He accused the characters of lacking motivation, and for being "pretty much indistinguishable from one another". He also had a problem with the ending.


title: Dead Snow

text: On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 68% based on 76 reviews, with an average rating of 6/10. The site's critics consensus states: "Though it doesn't cover new ground, "Dead Snow" is an entertaining mix of camp, scares, and blood and guts". On Metacritic the film has a weighted average score of 61 out of 100 based on reviews from 16 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".


title: Dead Snow

text: The film was nominated for four 2009 Scream Awards: Fight-to-the-Death Scene, Most Memorable Mutilation, Best Foreign Movie and Best Horror Movie.


title: Dead Snow

text: A sequel to "Dead Snow" entitled "", also directed by Tommy Wirkola, premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in 2014 and was released in Norway the same year. Vegar Hoel, Ørjan Gamst, and Charlotte Frogner reprise their roles from the first film, with Stig Frode Henriksen returning as a different character, and Martin Starr, Kristoffer Joner, and Derek Mears joining the cast. Unlike "Dead Snow", which was shot exclusively in Norwegian, "Dead Snow 2: Red vs. Dead" was filmed simultaneously in English and Norwegian.


title: 20-gauge shotgun

text: The 20-gauge shotgun, also known as "20-bore", is a type of smooth-bore shotgun that fires a shell that is smaller in caliber () than a 12-gauge shotgun (). It is often used by beginning shooters for target practice and for hunting small game.


title: 20-gauge shotgun

text: It takes 20 lead balls of the diameter of a 20-gauge shotgun bore to equal one pound, while it only takes 12 lead balls of the diameter of a 12-gauge shotgun bore to equal the same weight. A 20-gauge shotgun is more suitable for hunting certain types of game or for some hunters because it recoils less, and the guns weigh less and may be smaller.


title: 20-gauge shotgun

text: Regarding the yellow body tube color 20-gauge ammunition usually has, it has been reserved in SAAMI documentation saying "SAAMI has reserved yellow for 20-gauge ammunition" "This ammunition shall have a body tube that is primarily yellow" "Yellow shall not be used for any other gauge/bore shotshell body" "No other recommendations are made as to the color of service body tubes for other gauges/bores"


title: 20-gauge shotgun

text: 20-gauge shotguns are especially suitable for hunting game birds such as quail, grouse and Mallards when using lead free, birdshot game loads. A 20 gauge buckshot load would most commonly be utilized in close-to-mid range, self defense scenarios. While slug loads are generally less accurate than rounds used in Rifles, powerful, high grain, slug loads can provide superior ballistics for hunting deer, when paired with a rifled barrel.


title: 20-gauge shotgun

text: A usually lower gun weight makes a 20-gauge appropriate for young, elderly, or less muscular shooters who may have a difficult time carrying, aiming, and firing a larger shotgun, or just don't need a larger gun to hunt their target game. In addition, 20-gauge shotguns generally have less recoil than 10-, 12-, or 16-gauge versions on average, when comparing standard hunting shells, due to the lower projectile payload. These parameters make the 20-gauge more pleasant to use on extended hunting trips for small game or upland birds, even for people capable of firing magnum-power 12-gauge hunting rounds.


title: 20-gauge shotgun

text: Full-power 20-gauge shells fired from a light gun will have more felt recoil than reduced-recoil 12-gauge shells fired from a heavy gun.


title: Patriarchal cross

text: The Patriarchal cross is a variant of the Christian cross, the religious symbol of Christianity, and is also known as the Cross of Lorraine. Similar to the familiar Latin cross, the patriarchal cross possesses a smaller crossbar placed above the main one so that both crossbars are near the top. Sometimes the patriarchal cross has a short, slanted crosspiece near its foot (Russian Orthodox cross). This slanted, lower crosspiece often appears in Byzantine Greek and Eastern European iconography, as well as in other Eastern Orthodox churches. In most renditions of the Cross of Lorraine, the horizontal bars are "graded" with the upper bar being the shorter, though variations with the bars of equal length are also seen.


title: Patriarchal cross

text: The top beam represents the plaque bearing the inscription "Jesus the Nazarene, King of the Jews" (often abbreviated in the Latinate "INRI" and in the Greek as "INBI"). A popular view is that the slanted bottom beam is a footrest, however, there is no evidence of footrests ever being used during the crucifixion, and it has a deeper meaning. The bottom beam may represent a balance of justice. Some sources suggest that as one of the thieves being crucified with Jesus repented of his sin and believed in Jesus as the Messiah and was thus with Christ in Paradise, the other thief rejected and mocked Jesus and therefore descended into Hades.


title: Patriarchal cross

text: Many symbolic interpretations of the double-cross have been put forth. One of them says that the first horizontal line symbolized the secular power and the other horizontal line the ecclesiastic power of Byzantine emperors, and also that the first cross bar represents the death, and the second cross the resurrection, of Jesus Christ.


title: Patriarchal cross

text: The Russian Orthodox cross can be considered a modified version of the Patriarchal cross, having two smaller crossbeams, one at the top and one near the bottom, in addition to the longer crossbeam. One suggestion is the lower crossbeam represents the footrest () to which the feet of Jesus were nailed. In some earlier representations (and still currently in the Greek Church) the crossbar near the bottom is straight or slanted upwards. In later Slavic and other traditions, it came to be depicted as slanted, with the side to the viewer's left usually being higher.


title: Patriarchal cross

text: One tradition says that this comes from the idea that as Jesus Christ took his last breath, the bar to which his feet were nailed broke, thus slanting to the side. Another tradition holds that the slanted bar represents the repentant thief and the unrepentant thief that were crucified with Christ, the one to Jesus' right-hand repenting and rising to be with God in Paradise, and one on his left falling to Hades and separation from God. In this manner, it also reminds the viewer of the Last Judgment. Still another explanation of the slanted crossbar would suggest the Cross Saltire, as tradition holds that the Apostle St. Andrew introduced Christianity to lands north and west of the Black Sea: today's Ukraine, Russia, Belarus, Moldova, and Romania.


title: Patriarchal cross

text: The Patriarchal cross first regularly appeared on the coinage of the Byzantine Empire starting with the second reign of the Emperor Justinian II, whose second reign was from 705–711. At the beginning of the second reign, the Emperor was depicted on the solidus holding a with a Patriarchal cross at the top of the globe. Until then, the standard practice was to show the with an ordinary cross. The Emperor Theodosius III, who ruled from 715 to 717, made the Patriarchal cross a standard feature of the gold, silver and bronze coinage minted in Constantinople. After his short reign ended, the practice was discontinued under his successor, Leo III, due to his iconoclastic views, and was not revived again until the middle of the eighth century by Artavasdus.


title: Patriarchal cross

text: The two-barred cross has been one of the main elements in the coat of arms of Hungary at least since 1190. It appeared during the reign of King Béla III, who was raised in the Byzantine court. He was for a time heir to the throne of the Byzantine Empire and betrothed to the emperor's daughter. When the emperor's wife gave birth to a son, the emperor dissolved his daughter's betrothal to Béla and removed Béla's title of despotes. Soon after Béla left Constantinople when he inherited the Hungarian throne in 1172. The cross started appearing floating in the coat of arms and on the coins from this era. During the middle ages, the two-barred cross became associated with the Árpád dynasty and the Kingdom of Hungary along with the Árpád stripes. The symbol found its way to Western Europe through Hungary, because René the Good, who was related to the House Anjou of Hungary, laid claim to four kingdoms, including Hungary. He placed the symbol on his flags before the battle of Nancy. He won the battle and regained his lost Duchy of Lorraine. Thus the symbol became known in Western-Europe as the Cross of Lorraine.


title: Patriarchal cross

text: Another form of the cross was used by the Jagiellonian dynasty. This cross now features on the coat of arms of Lithuania, where it appears on the shield of the Vytis. It is also the badge of the Lithuanian Air Force and forms the country's highest award for bravery, the Order of the Cross of Vytis. The Jagiellonian cross is also used on the coat of arms and flags of every Lithuanian county.


title: Patriarchal cross

text: The Patriarchal Cross appears on the Vytis (Pahonia), used at various times as the coat of arms of Lithuania for centuries and of Belarus for four years.


title: Patriarchal cross

text: The Byzantine Christianization came to the Morava Empire in the year 863, provided at the request of Rastislav sent Byzantine Emperor Michael III. The symbol often referred to as the patriarchal cross, appeared in the Byzantine Empire in large numbers in the 10th century. For a long time, it was thought to have been given to Saint Stephen by the pope as the symbol of the apostolic Kingdom of Hungary.


title: Patriarchal cross

text: During 1577–1625 the Russian use of the cross was between the heads of the double-headed eagle in the coat of arms of Russia.


title: Patriarchal cross

text: The territory of present-day Slovakia was an integral part of the Kingdom of Hungary from the 10th century until the Treaty of Trianon in 1920. Many of its cities gained privileges and coats of arms from the Hungarian kings, often containing the kings' own coat of arms.


title: Patriarchal cross

text: Unicode defines the character ☦ (Russian cross) and ☨ (Cross of Lorraine) in the Miscellaneous Symbols range at code point U+2626 and U+2628 respectively.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: The Ukrainian parliamentary election of 2012 took place on 28 October 2012. Because of various reasons, including the "impossibility of announcing election results" various by-elections have taken place since. Hence, several constituencies have been left unrepresented at various times.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: Unlike the two previous elections, this election used a parallel voting system (50% under party lists and 50% under simple-majority constituencies) with a 5% election threshold and the participation of blocs of political parties was not allowed any more. The method of 50/50 mixed elections was used previously in 1998 and 2002.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: The election campaign was limited to 90 days. Every citizen of Ukraine 18 years of age or older was able to vote in 33,540 polling stations in Ukraine and 116 foreign polling stations in 77 countries.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: The Party of Regions won the largest number of seats while Fatherland (with several parties together as an "umbrella" party) came second. The election was also noted for the rise of the far-right party Svoboda, which came in fourth. The new (on the national scene) party UDAR also enjoyed noticeable great success with its third place in the election. The Communist Party of Ukraine almost tripled its numbers of voters but because of the mixed election system used in the election it only won five more seats compared with the previous election. Because of this mixed system three small parties and 43 unaffiliated politicians also made it into parliament.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: The new parliament was appointed and started its tasks on 12 December 2012 – six weeks after the elections. This was the last national Ukrainian election Crimea participated in before the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation in 2014.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: On October 8, 2008 Ukrainian President Viktor Yushchenko tried to dissolve the Verkhovna Rada (parliament) and called early parliamentary elections in Ukraine for the second time in as many years for December 7, 2008. The right of the President to dismiss the parliament was challenged in Ukraine's Constitutional Court. The President's decree has since lapsed as it was never put into action (the coalition supporting the second Tymoshenko Government was extended) and appeals to Ukraine's Constitutional Court were withdrawn. Nevertheless, a snap election was predicted by Ukrainian politicians during the 2010 presidential election and after the dismissal of the second Tymoshenko Government. One of the arguments against holding early elections were the costs. Early elections were (in October 2008) estimated to cost approximately UAH₴417 million (about EUR€60 million or US$80 million).


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: On February 1, 2011 the Verkhovna Rada set the election date for October 28, 2012. Several deputies whose votes were registered that day have stated they could not have taken part in voting because they were not in Kyiv (where the Verkhovna Rada building is located) on February 1, 2011. Voting by MPs in the place of absent MPs of the Verkhovna Rada is prohibited by law. On July 27, 2012 the Central Election Commission of Ukraine announced that campaigning for the elections would commence on July 30.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: In June 2011 the Venice Commission reviewed a proposed Draft Law on the election of Ukrainian parliamentary members. The proposal sought to re-instate a parallel voting system – used in the 1998 and 2002 elections – with the establishment of 225 local single-member districts elected (in one round) by a first-past-the-post electoral system (candidate with the highest vote total wins); and the remaining 225 parliamentary seats being elected nationwide on a proportional party-list system with a 5% support threshold; and excluding political blocs from all elections. The option "Vote against all" was also made defunct in the proposal (according to a November 2012 opinion poll by Research & Branding Group (otherwise) 17% of the voters would have voted "against everybody" during the elections). The opposition and Ukrainian analysts accused the Party of Regions of "rewriting the law so that the president could secure a majority in the next Verkhovna Rada." In October 2011 the Venice Commission recommended Ukraine should not return to a mixed election system. Nevertheless, on 17 November 2011 the Ukrainian Parliament approved an election law almost identical to the June 2011 proposed Draft Law. This new law satisfied the major opposition parties Batkivschyna and Front for Change; but was condemned by the core party of Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc, Our Ukraine. Candidates could be elected on party lists or through self-nomination. On 8 December 2011 President Viktor Yanukovych signed the new election law. Since then several parties merged with other parties.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: The possibility to be simultaneously be nominated on a nationwide party list and in a single mandate constituency also was declared unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court of Ukraine on 10 April 2012.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: Voters could temporarily change their place of voting without changing their permanent voting address.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: From 2011 to 2013 with liaison to Serhiy Lyovochkin, Alan Friedman, Eckart Sager, who was a one time CNN producer, Rick Gates, Paul Manafort, and Manafort's senior aide Konstantin Kilimnik devised a strategy to discredit Yulia Tymoshenko along with Hillary Clinton who had been an outspoken critic of pro-Russia, pro-Kremlin, and pro-Putin supporters in Ukraine. Manafort's Global Endeavour Inc., a St. Vincent and Grenadines based consulting and lobbying company, his Lucicle Consultants Ltd., a Cyprus based consulting company, and three other of his companies were hired to provide support to Yanukovich and his Party of Regions. This strategy included: creating a fake think tank in Vienna, the "Center for the Study of Former Soviet Socialist Republics" (CXSSR), to support Yanukovich and his Party of Regions; using a social media blitz with Twitter, YouTube, and Facebook, and altering the Google's search stack to disseminate articles and videos that undermine opponents of the Party of Regions and Yanukovich in Europe and the United States; rewriting Wikipedia articles to smear Yanukovich opponents especially Tymoshenko; and using Breitbart News, RedState, and an article in "The Wall Street Journal" to discredit the Obama State Department and the United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton. Alan Friedman, who had not registered as a foreign agent in the United States, told Kostyantyn Gryshchenko that Friedman, who often wrote using the pen name "Matthew Lina", published dozens of positive stories about the Party of Regions and Yanukovich and ensured that these were disseminated to over 2,000 publications and placed at the top of Google search stacks. Known as the Tymoshenko Files, Friedman sent Manafort a highly confidential two page letter detailing Friedman's efforts and that Friedman would claim to be Inna Bohoslovska to ghost pen articles on her behalf. In October 2012 after Hillary Clinton had supported Tymoshenko, Brietbart News released an article calling Hillary Clinton a “neo-Nazi Frankenstein”.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: Candidates and analysts predicted that bribery to secure votes would be rampant. A March 2012 poll by Research & Branding Group showed that 66% of the respondents believed that the election would not be fair, 18% disagreed with that. Following the elections the parties Fatherland, UDAR and Svoboda filled in an appeal at the Central Election Commission of Ukraine (CVK) with allegations of fraud in 13 simple-majority constituencies. Irregularities in the elections like cases of ballot stuffing, carousel voting, suspiciously high voter turnout and bribed voters have been reported. On 30 October 2012 the Committee of Voters of Ukraine stated that the elections saw a record number of cases of bribery of voters. They also insisted the elections had not brought the country closer to democratic standards. And that although there were no grounds to believe that the violations that were reported on polling day could affect the election results, the election results could seriously be affected by violations during the counting of votes.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: According to Opora the most common violations of the electoral law during the election campaign in August were using government resources for partisan purposes and vote buying. According to Opora the Party of Regions committed the most violations of the electoral law. On 28 October 2012 Party of Regions itself claimed to have documented 607 violations of the election legislation by its opponents. In June 2012 the Committee of Voters of Ukraine declared that the use of government resources for partisan ends would not be decisive in the (then upcoming) elections. According to Taras Kuzio Berkut riot police was used in attempts to destroy ballots.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: On 1 November 2012 the Deputy Chairwoman of the Central Election Commission of Ukraine (CVK), Zhanna Usenko-Chorna, stated that the elections are heavily falsified. She indicated that several electoral districts clearly demonstrate a depravity of the single-constituency district elections in Ukraine and that as of 1 November CVK still had not received results from 14 electoral districts. According to her that was the main reason why CVK could not announce the complete results of the elections on the scheduled time, 31 October 2012.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: In mid-February 2012 Bloc Yulia Tymoshenko deputy Roman Zabzalyuk stated that "if the results on Election Day can't be sufficiently fixed" the Party of Regions had already made plans to bribe deputies to join the Party of Regions after their election into the Parliament; representatives of the Party of Regions denied allegations of bribery or plans to fix the election.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: A notably reported scandal took place at the electoral district 215 where initially a win was awarded to the acting chairman of the Kyiv city council Halyna Hereha. After the results were challenged it was decided to recount the votes with about 30 law enforcement personnel to keep public order. Later everything was resolved and cleared that indeed the votes between the two candidates Hereha (independent) and Andriy Illyenko ("Svoboda") were switched around. On November 1, 2012 Halyna Hereha officially complained about the elections, but does not intend to take it to court.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: To another electoral district 211 in Kyiv was sent an ambulance as a deputy chairman of the district electoral commission had a nervous breakdown. The commission of the district for three days had a difficult time to count all the votes.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: Another big scandal with involvement of the riot law enforcement unit of Berkut took place at the 95th electoral district (a Kyivan suburban city of Irpin). The electoral commission at the district was the slowest and the public involvement surely did not help to speed up the process, however a possible miscounting was prevented. Previously, a possible riot from a big "youth group of athletic posture" was suspected by witnesses.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: Another scandal took place at the 223rd district where some fist fighting took place, which was eventually extinguished with the help of law enforcement. Oleh Tyahnybok told Ukrayinska Pravda that "Svoboda" will be picketing "EpiCenter" supermarkets and apartments of the 223rd electoral district commission members. Because of the incident, the Radio Liberty (Radio Svoboda) conducts a live broadcasting from the headquarters of the district. In protest the district electoral commission refuses to continue its work.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: At the 132nd district (Pervomaisk, Mykolaiv Oblast) peasants laid a siege around the building of the district electoral commission in the protest of post-electoral results.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: The Central Election Commission of Ukraine adopted a resolution on November 5 recognizing the impossibility of announcing election results in five single-seat constituencies (electoral districts 94, 132, 194, 197 and 223); it also recognized the need to hold repeat elections in these constituencies and asked parliament to take a decision on holding repeat elections in these constituencies. On November 6 the Verkhovna Rada adopted a resolution that proposed repeat elections. On 8 November the Central Election Commission stated that the Verkhovna Rada should thus make a respective law for this and the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine should determine the amount of funding for these elections.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: On 29 December 2012, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine received a query from 54 Verkhovna Rada members concerning procedures for the five repeat elections. As of 21 March 2013 the Constitutional Court has not opened a case on this issue. The current Verkhovna Rada parliamentary majority refused to consider the scheduling of repeated elections in the five constituencies before the court issues its ruling on this issue.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: On 5 September 2013 the Verkhovna Rada set the date of (all, see below) 7 re-elections to 15 December 2013.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: In early February 2013 the Higher Administrative Court of Ukraine ordered the Central Election Commission of Ukraine to hold new elections in 2 more districts after the court removed the deputy mandates of United Centre member Pavlo Baloha (at the time a member of the Party of Regions parliamentary faction) and independent Oleksandr Dombrovsky. The Administrative Court established that the results in single-member districts number 11 (Vinnytsia Oblast; Dombrovsky) and number 71 (Zakarpattia Oblast; Baloha) after the 2012 elections had been "unreliable". On 3 July 2013 Baloha's and Dombrovsky's mandates were officially cancelled.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: On 5 September 2013 the Verkhovna Rada set the date of (all, see above) 7 re-elections to 15 December 2013.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: On 24 December 2012 President Viktor Yanukovych appointed Pavlo Lebedyev as Defense Minister. Lebedyev had been elected as a lawmaker in the single-seat constituency No. 224 (in Sevastopol) in the 2012 election (28 October 2012). On 22 March 2013 the Verkhovna Rada cancelled his parliamentary mandate. The by-election for the single-seat constituency No. 224 was held on 7 July 2013 and won by independent Vadim Novinsky with 53.41% with a turnout of 23.91%. Before the election Novinsky had stated he would join the Party of Regions if he won.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: On 12 September 2013 the Higher Administrative Court of Ukraine (under a lawsuit lodged by Yuriy Karmazin) ruled it impossible to reliably establish the results of 28 October 2012 elections in single-mandate constituency No. 133 (in Odessa), at the time Ihor Markov had been declared winner of that constituency. The court overturned the Central Election Commission (CEC) decision of 23 November 2012 regarding Markov's registration as a People's Deputy of Ukraine and ordered the CEC to take measures to organize, prepare for and hold repeat elections in constituency No. 133.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: Police officers had documented the use of pens with disappearing ink in at least 40 polling stations in constituency No. 133 on 28 October 2012.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: The Central Election Commission of Ukraine finalized the vote count on 12 November 2012 but simultaneously ordered – on recommendation of the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament) – repeat elections in five troubled single-mandate constituencies where it could not establish results. Because of occurrences in these five constituencies. In February 2013 the Higher Administrative Court of Ukraine ordered to hold (additional) new elections in 2 more districts after the court removed the mandates of two seats. On 5 September 2013 the Verkhovna Rada itself set the date of these 7 re-elections to 15 December 2013. Hence, before 15 December 2013 of the 450 seats in parliament 443 deputies have been elected. But eventually only repeat elections were held in 5 constituencies on 15 December 2013.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: In February 2014 Oleksandr Sych became Vice Prime Minister in the Yatsenyuk Government. Sych had been elected as a lawmaker in the single-seat constituency No. 83 (West Ivano-Frankivsk) in the 2012 election of 28 October 2012.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: The by-election for the single-seat constituency No. 83 was held on 25 May 2014 and won by independent Olexandr Shevchenko with 37.6% with a turnout of 37.66%. The candidate of the party of Sych, Svoboda, came third with 14.9%.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: Andriy Klyuyev was the chief campaign manager for the Party of Regions. The Party of Regions' campaign focused heavily on promoting its record as the ruling party, contrasting the "stability" of the (then current) Azarov Government with "chaos" during the Second Tymoshenko Government in 2007–10 (which it referred to as: "the chaos and ruins of 5 years of orange leadership". It advocated a "balanced" approach to developing relations with Russia and the West, saying neither should be given priority over the other.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: Fatherland tried to paint the election as a battle of good against evil and pledged to impeach President Viktor Yanukovych. The party stated it advocated "European values" and promised to reverse the Azarov Government policy of raising the status of the Russian language.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: UDAR avoided sensitive and polarising subjects and focused instead on popular topics, such as more empowerment to ordinary Ukrainians and a ruthless campaign against corruption, the indifference of the authorities, the lack of local governance, inequality and poverty.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: Svoboda softened their rhetoric in the campaign but nevertheless promised to shake up the country's political status quo.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: One of the biggest spenders of the campaign was the party Ukraine – Forward!. One of their election billboards claimed that “an average wage of EUR€1,000 and a pension of €500” was realistic for Ukraine (the monthly average wage was €300 at the time).


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: Many candidates in single-seat constituencies tended to focus on local issues, often distancing themselves from party agendas.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: Overall the election programs of the major parties bore many similarities; all pledged reforms to spur economic growth, higher wages, pensions and other benefits, better education and medical care.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: Two weeks before the (28 October) election UDAR withdrew 26 of its candidates running in single-member constituencies in favour of Fatherland candidates and they withdrew 26 parliamentary candidates in favor of UDAR in an attempt to maximise votes for the opposition.


title: 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

text: Political parties spent more than US$75 million on the election campaign in multi-member constituencies (according to the parties' official reports). The Party of Regions spent about US$27 million, Fatherland more than $13 million, UDAR more than $4 million, the Communist Party of Ukraine $9 million, Our Ukraine $8 million and Ukraine – Forward! $7.6 million. Svoboda claimed it had spent US$3 million on the campaign. The Ukraine of the Future did not spend anything on campaigning yet still managed to take the 15th spot amongst the 21 parties who participated in the nationwide list with 0.18% of the votes.