title: General Electric T700

text: In 1967, General Electric began work on a new turboshaft engine demonstrator designated the "GE12" in response to US Army interest in a next-generation utility helicopter. The GE12 was designed and conceived by GE's Art Adamson and Art Adinolfi. In 1967, both GE and Pratt & Whitney were awarded contracts to work parallel with each other to design, fabricate, and test the technology. The Army effort led, in the 1970s, to development of the Sikorsky S-70 Black Hawk, powered by twin GE "T700" turboshafts, the production descendant of the GE12.


title: General Electric T700

text: The T700 was initially bench-tested in 1973, passed military qualification in 1976, and went into production in 1978. The initial "T700-GE-700" is an ungeared free-turbine turboshaft, with a five-stage axial / one-stage centrifugal mixed-flow compressor, featuring one-piece "blisk" axial stages, with the inlet guide vanes and first two stator stages variable; an annular combustion chamber with central fuel injection to improve combustion and reduce smoke; a two-stage compressor turbine; and a two-stage free power turbine with tip-shrouded blades. The engine is designed for high reliability, featuring an inlet particle separator designed to spin out dirt, sand, and dust. The T700-GE-700 is rated at 1,622 shp (1,210 kW) intermediate power.


title: General Electric T700

text: The T700-GE-700 was followed by improved and uprated Army engine variants for the UH-60 Black Hawk and the AH-64 Apache helicopters, as well as marinized naval engine variants for the SH-60 Seahawk derivative of the Black Hawk, the SH-2G Seasprite, and the Bell AH-1W Supercobra. T700s are also used on Italian and commercial variants of the AgustaWestland EH101/AW101 helicopter, and Italian variants of the NHIndustries NH90 helicopter. These are all twin-engine machines, except for the three-engined EH101.


title: General Electric T700

text: The commercial version of the T700 is the "CT7", with the engine used on the Bell 214ST (an enlarged version of the Huey), commercial Black Hawks, and the Sikorsky S-92 derivative of the Black Hawk, all of which are twin-engine helicopters.


title: General Electric T700

text: The CT7 turboprop variants use the same core as the turboshaft variants, with a propeller gearbox fitted forward of the core. CT7 turboprops are used on variants of the Swedish Saab 340 airliner, the Indonesian-Spanish Airtech CN-235 cargolifter, and the Czech Let L-610G airliner, all twin-turboprop aircraft. The baseline CT7-5A provides 1,735 shp (1,294 kW) on takeoff.


title: General Electric T700

text: In the late 1980s, GE also proposed a much larger turboprop, the T407/GLC38, with a five-stage axial/one-stage centrifugal mixed-flow compressor, an annular combustor with 15 burners; a two-stage compressor turbine, a three-stage power turbine, and max takeoff power of 6,000 shp (4,475 kW).


title: General Electric T700

text: The YT706 engine is based on the CT7-8A engine. Compared with the H-60's primary T700 engine, the T706 has a larger compressor, hot section improvements, and full authority digital engine control. The T706 is rated at 2,600 shp (1,939 kW) and increases the hot-and-high mission capability of the U.S. Army's MH-60M Black Hawk for Special Operations applications.


title: Jack Reagan

text: John Edward Reagan (July 13, 1883 – May 18, 1941) was the father of Ronald Reagan, motion picture actor, who served as the 33rd governor of California and 40th president of the United States and radio station manager Neil Reagan.


title: Jack Reagan

text: Jack's paternal grandfather, Michael O'Regan, was a native of County Tipperary, Ireland. O'Regan worked as a tenant farmer during his early years in Ireland, before he moved to London in 1852. Whilst living there, O'Regan married an Irish refugee named Catherine Mulcahey, and anglicised his family surname to "Reagan". The couple emigrated to Carroll County, Illinois in 1856. John Michael, their son, became a grain-elevator farmer, and married Jenny Cusick in 1878. Cusick was born in Canada, but like John Michael, her parents came from Ireland. Their son, John Edward "Jack", was born five years later.


title: Jack Reagan

text: At the time of his second son Ronald's birth in 1911, Jack was working at a store in Tampico, Illinois. He went on to work as a traveling salesman during Ronald's childhood. Politically, he was a populist Democrat, supporting economically progressive policies such as financial support for the working poor, trust-busting, child labor laws, a minimum wage, and progressive taxation. From his Irish heritage he inherited a dislike of the British Empire. He was a keen supporter of the United States' involvement in World War I and attempted to enlist. He was strongly opposed to the Ku Klux Klan due to his Catholic heritage, but also due to the Klan's anti-semitism and anti-black racism.


title: Jack Reagan

text: He died on May 19, 1941, at the age of 57 after a series of heart attacks, but may have survived if a nearby ambulance had been allowed to cross out of their service territory. In later years, this motivated his son Ronald Reagan to sign into law an act allowing the Paramedic program to start.


title: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

text: The Ronald Reagan Presidential Library is the repository of presidential records from the administration of Ronald Reagan, the 40th president of the United States, and the burial place of the president and first lady, Nancy Reagan. It is the largest of the 13 federally operated presidential libraries, containing millions of documents, photographs, films and tapes. There is a permanent exhibit covering Ronald Reagan's life, as well as memorabilia such as Air Force One, the aircraft personally used by the president, and a section of masonry from the Berlin Wall.


title: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

text: The library is located in Simi Valley, in Southern California, and was designed by Hugh Stubbins and Associates. It is administered by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA).


title: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

text: The first person to propose a site for the Reagan Library was W. Glenn Campbell, director of the Hoover Institution, a conservative think tank much used by Reagan for policy positions. Campbell contacted Reagan in February 1981 to say that the Hoover Institution was willing to host the Reagan Library at their headquarters on the campus of Stanford University in Northern California. The advantage held by Hoover was that Reagan was an honorary fellow, and Hoover already housed Reagan's papers from his campaign for and transition to California governor. Ronald and Nancy Reagan participated in occasional informal discussions about the library plans with Campbell and Stanford President Donald Kennedy through 1982. During this time, a proposal to place the Nixon Library on campus at Duke University in North Carolina was under attack by Duke faculty and the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) who were all worried that the Richard Nixon Foundation would not allow scholarly access to archives, which they judged was the primary purpose of a presidential library. The Duke faculty were also firmly against having a museum serve as a memorial to Nixon who had left office in disgrace. This public controversy shaped the discussions about a Reagan Library at Stanford. Reagan hosted the Hoover Institution at the White House in January 1982, telling them, "You built the knowledge base that made the changes now taking place in Washington possible."


title: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

text: Reagan formally accepted the Hoover Institution invitation in January 1983. The plans included three components: an archival library for researchers, a museum for the general public, and a "Center for Public Affairs" which would serve as a think tank to promote the ideas of the Reagan Foundation. Negotiations were undertaken between Stanford's Kennedy and Reagan's adviser Edwin Meese III. In June 1983, Kennedy called for Stanford faculty to express their opinions through the Rosse Committee, to report by October. Professor John Manley accused the Hoover Institution of right-wing bias, and said that Stanford's reputation for objectivity would suffer from partisanship. The Rosse Committee reported both the negative and the positive aspects of the proposed library, and Stanford's Board of Trustees approved the location in December 1983. The agreement was announced in February 1984. Local opposition heightened after that, and a student group was formed to publicize the negative aspects, shocking their readers with fearful images of scholarly Stanford turning into a political "Reagan University". This polarized response was compared in the press to the Nixon Foundation's difficulties at Duke. A recurring point of contention was the Center for Public Affairs; some critics announced they would only approve the project if the think tank was removed or relocated offsite. Nancy Reagan insisted that the three components were indivisible, that she would not consider any suggestion of splitting up the proposal.


title: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

text: Because of continued concerns about partisan politics, the library plans were canceled by Stanford in 1987. The site in Simi Valley was chosen the same year.


title: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

text: Designed by Hugh Stubbins and Associates, the library is in Simi Valley, California, about northwest of Downtown Los Angeles and west of Chatsworth.


title: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

text: New York design agency Donovan/Green was contracted to design the facility's interior and exhibition spaces with partner Nancye Green overseeing the project. Construction of the library began in 1988, and the center was dedicated on November 4, 1991. At the time of its dedication, it was the largest presidential library. The dedication ceremonies were the first time in United States history that five United States presidents gathered together in the same place: Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan himself, and George H. W. Bush. Six First Ladies also attended: Lady Bird Johnson, Pat Nixon, Betty Ford, Rosalynn Carter, Nancy Reagan, and Barbara Bush. Only Former First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis did not attend; but, her children Caroline Kennedy Schlossberg and John F. Kennedy Jr. were in attendance along with Luci Johnson Turpin, younger daughter of President Lyndon B. Johnson, as well as descendants of Franklin D. Roosevelt.


title: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

text: As a presidential library administered by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), the Reagan Library, under the authority of the Presidential Records Act, is the repository of presidential records for Reagan's administration. Holdings include 50 million pages of presidential documents, over 1.6 million photographs, a half-million feet of motion picture film and thousands of audio and video tapes. The library also houses personal papers collections including documents from Reagan's eight years as Governor of California.


title: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

text: When the Reagan Library opened, it was the largest of the presidential libraries, at approximately . It held that title until the dedication of the William J. Clinton Presidential Center and Park in Little Rock, Arkansas, on November 18, 2004. With the opening of the Air Force One Pavilion in October 2005, the Reagan Library reclaimed the title in terms of physical size; however, the Clinton Library remains the largest presidential library in terms of materials (documents, artifacts, photographs, etc.). Like all presidential libraries since that of Franklin D. Roosevelt, the Reagan Library was built entirely with private donations, at a cost of $60 million (equivalent to $ in ). Major donors included Walter Annenberg, Lew Wasserman, Lodwrick Cook, Joe Albritton, Rupert Murdoch, Richard Sills, and John P. McGovern. For fiscal year 2007, the Reagan Library had 305,331 visitors, making it the second-most-visited presidential library, following the Lyndon B. Johnson Library; that was down from its fiscal year 2006 number of 440,301 visitors, when it was the most visited library.


title: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

text: In the 2019 Easy Fire, the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library had to be evacuated and was almost completely surrounded by the fire. Earlier the same year, the brush around the buildings had been cleared by goats to create a defensible space, which helped save the facilities from burning down, according to a firefighter. Olive trees used in the landscaping were damaged along with residential banners lining the access road. A major item in the estimated half a million dollars of damage was an internet and cable box that took down the library's network.


title: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

text: The museum features continually changing temporary exhibits and a permanent exhibit covering President Reagan's life. This exhibit begins during Reagan's childhood in Dixon, Illinois, and follows his life through his film career and military service, marriage to Nancy Davis Reagan, and political career. The "Citizen Governor" gallery shows footage of Reagan's 1964 "A Time for Choosing" speech and contains displays on his eight years as governor. The gallery includes a 1965 Ford Mustang used by Reagan during his first gubernatorial campaign, as well as the desk he used as governor. His 1980 and 1984 presidential campaigns are also highlighted, as well as his inauguration suit and a table from the White House Situation Room is on display. News footage of the 1981 assassination attempt on his life is shown, and information about the proposed Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI, dubbed "Star Wars") is included.


title: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

text: A full-scale replica of the Oval Office—a feature of most presidential libraries—is a prominent feature of this museum as well. Among the items Reagan kept on the "Resolute" desk, which is replicated in the exhibit, was a copy of a bronze statue of "Old Bill Williams", by B. R. Pettit; Williams was a renowned mountain man of Arizona. Other parts of the exhibit focus on Reagan's ranch, the presidential retreat Camp David, life in the White House, and First Lady Nancy Reagan. An example of a temporary exhibit that ran from November 10, 2007, to November 10, 2008, was titled "Nancy Reagan: A First Lady's Style" and had featured over 80 designer dresses belonging to Nancy Reagan.


title: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

text: The hilltop grounds provide expansive views of the area, a re-creation of a portion of the White House Lawn, and a piece of the Berlin Wall. An F-14 Tomcat (BuNo 162592) is also located on the grounds.


title: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

text: In February 2016, a large equestrian statue of President Reagan was installed in front of the Air Force One Pavilion. Entitled "Along the Trail", it depicts Reagan riding his favorite horse, El Alamein. An earlier bronze entitled "Begins the Trail", both by sculptor Donald L. Reed, stands in Dixon, Illinois.


title: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

text: On November 8, 2007, Reagan Library National Archives officials reported that due to poor record-keeping, they are unable to say whether approximately 80,000 artifacts have been stolen or are lost inside the museum complex. A "near-universal" security breakdown was also blamed, leaving the artifacts vulnerable to theft. Many of the nation's presidential libraries claim to be understaffed and underfunded. NARA labeled the Reagan Library as having the most serious problems with its inventory. In an audit, U.S. Archivist Allen Weinstein blamed the library's poor inventory software for the mishap. Frederick J. Ryan Jr., president of the Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation's board of directors, said the allegations of poor management practices at the library reflect badly on the National Archives. The library has undertaken an inventory project that will take years to complete.


title: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

text: A exhibit hangar serves as the setting for the permanent display of the Boeing 707 aircraft used as Air Force One during Reagan's administration. The aircraft, SAM 27000, was also used by six other presidents in its active service life from 1973 until 2001, including Richard Nixon during his second term, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush. In 1990, it became a backup aircraft after the Boeing 747s entered into service and was retired in 2001. The aircraft was flown to San Bernardino International Airport in September 2001, where it was presented to the Reagan Foundation. In what was known as Operation Homeward Bound, Boeing, the plane's manufacturer, disassembled the plane and transported it to the library in pieces. After the construction of the foundation of the pavilion itself, the plane was reassembled and restored to museum quality, as well as raised onto pedestals above ground. The pavilion was dedicated on October 24, 2005, by Nancy Reagan, President George W. Bush and First Lady Laura Bush.


title: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

text: SAM 27000 is part of a comprehensive display about presidential travel that also includes a Johnson-era Sikorsky VH-3 Sea King, call sign Marine One, and a presidential motorcade—Reagan's 1984 presidential parade limousine, a 1982 Los Angeles Police Department police car (as well as two 1980s police motorcycles), and a 1986 Secret Service vehicle used in one of President Reagan's motorcades in Los Angeles. The pavilion is also home to the original O'Farrell's pub from Ballyporeen in the Republic of Ireland that President and Mrs. Reagan visited in June 1984, now called the "Ronald Reagan Pub". Also featured are exhibits on the Cold War and Reagan's extensive travels aboard Air Force One.


title: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

text: On June 9, 2008, Secretary of Education Margaret Spellings joined Nancy Reagan to dedicate the Reagan Library Discovery Center, located in the Air Force One Pavilion. The center is an interactive youth exhibit in which fifth through eighth grade students participate in role-playing exercises based on events of the Reagan administration.


title: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

text: The pavilion has been used on several occasions as the venue for televised Republican Party primary-related debates (see below).


title: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

text: The Reagan Library has hosted many events, including the funeral of Ronald Reagan in June 2004, and the first Republican presidential candidates' debate of the 2008 primaries. On May 23, 2007, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and Australian Foreign Minister Alexander Downer held a brief private talk and a press conference. On July 17, 2007, Polish President Lech Kaczyński presented Poland's highest distinction, the Order of the White Eagle, to Mrs. Reagan on behalf of her husband.


title: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

text: Following his death, Reagan's casket was driven by hearse to the Reagan Library on June 7, 2004, from Point Mugu through a procession down Las Posas Road to U.S. Highway 101. Many people lined the streets and freeway overpasses to pay final respects. A memorial service was held in the library lobby with Nancy Reagan, Reagan's children, close relatives, and friends. The Reverend Dr. Michael Wenning officiated at the service.


title: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

text: From June 7 to 9, Reagan's casket lay in repose in the library lobby, where approximately 105,000 people viewed the casket to pay their respects. After flying the body to Washington, D.C., lying in state in the Capitol rotunda, and a national funeral service in the Washington National Cathedral, Reagan's casket was brought back to the library in California for a last memorial service and interment.


title: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

text: Construction plans for the library included a tomb for the eventual use of Reagan and his wife. Following a sunset service on the library grounds the previous evening, early on the morning of June 12, 2004, Reagan was laid to rest in the underground vault.


title: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

text: On March 6, 2016, Reagan's widow Nancy Reagan died at the age of 94 of congestive heart failure. After the funeral, she was buried next to her husband at the library on March 11, 2016.


title: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

text: On May 3, 2007, the Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation and Nancy Reagan hosted the first 2008 Republican primary debate in the library's Air Force One Pavilion. The candidates present included Kansas senator Sam Brownback, former Virginia governor Jim Gilmore, former New York City mayor Rudy Giuliani, former Arkansas governor Mike Huckabee, representative Duncan Hunter of California, senator John McCain of Arizona, representative Ron Paul of Texas, former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney, representative Tom Tancredo of Colorado, and Tommy Thompson, former governor of Wisconsin and President George W. Bush's first secretary of Health and Human Services. Mrs. Reagan, California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, and Fred Ryan, chairman of the Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation were among those in attendance. Candidates discussed the Iraq War, the War on Terror, taxes, healthcare, abortion, stem-cell research, gay rights, illegal immigration, and made at least 20 references to Ronald Reagan and his presidency.


title: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

text: On January 30, 2008, after the Republican candidates were narrowed to four—Romney, Huckabee, Paul, and McCain—the library was the scene of the final GOP debate, once again hosted by the Reagan Foundation and Mrs. Reagan.


title: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

text: The library announced that it would once again host the first Republican primary debate among 2012 Republican candidates, initially scheduled for May 2, 2011, but later postponed it until after other debates. The debate was co-hosted by NBC News and Politico. The debate took place on September 7, 2011.


title: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

text: In September 2015, the library hosted the second Republican presidential debate of the 2015-2016 cycle, run by CNN. 15 candidates took part in two sessions.


title: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

text: The Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation and General Electric (GE) announced a partnership beginning March 17, 2010, to support the two-year-long celebration of President Reagan's 100th birthday on February 6, 2011. GE, for whom Reagan hosted General Electric Theater and served as a goodwill ambassador from 1954 to 1962, prior to being elected Governor of California, served as the Presenting Sponsor of the historic Reagan Centennial Celebration.


title: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

text: GE's overall participation as Presenting Sponsor of the Ronald Reagan Centennial Celebration included:


title: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

text: The Reagan Centennial was also being led by the National Youth Leadership Committee. Notable members of the Committee include chairpersons Nick Jonas, Jordin Sparks and Austin Dillon, as well as famous non-chairpersons, including actress Anna Maria Perez de Tagle, Olympic bronze medalist Bryon Wilson, Olympian and X-Games medalist Hannah Teter, and recording artist Jordan Pruitt. Several other Olympians and athletes are also members of the committee.


title: The End of an Era

text: The End of an Era is the third studio album by Australian rapper Iggy Azalea. It was released independently on 13 August 2021 through Azaleas label Bad Dreams Records and Empire Distribution, with the deluxe edition following on 17 September 2021. Taking inspiration from the end of her 20s for the title, Azalea stated that she wanted the album to be a "time capsule" of that decade of her life. "The End of an Era" includes guest appearances from Bia, Sophia Scott and Ellise on the standard edition, while Alice Chater and Tyga are featured on the deluxe edition. Production was handled by Azalea's frequent collaborator J. White Did It and several others. It was preceded by three singles: "Sip It", "Brazil" and "Iam the Stripclub".


title: The End of an Era

text: "The End of an Era" received positive reviews from music critics. The album reached number nine on the Australian Hip Hop/R&B albums chart and number thirty six on the UK R&B Albums chart. It failed to replicate the success of her debut and sophomore album in any territory. To further promote the album, Azalea joined Pitbull as the opening act on his I Feel Good Tour.


title: The End of an Era

text: In 2019, Azalea released her second studio album "In My Defense" and her fifth EP "Wicked Lips". Following the release of the latter, she began working on further music with several producers, including J. White Did It with whom she had collaborated extensively on "In My Defense" and "Wicked Lips". White described Azalea as "laser focused on getting the people something fresh, something new" and praised her work ethic. On 21 August 2020, she released a standalone single with Tinashe titled "Dance Like Nobody's Watching".


title: The End of an Era

text: In March 2021, Azalea tweeted that the sound of her third studio album would mark a return to her mixtape roots. She revealed the cover art on 3 August 2021 on her Instagram. Two days later, she shared the track listing along with the pre-order of the album and promotional single "Sex on the Beach". On 17 September 2021, Azalea released the deluxe edition of "The End of an Era", featuring three additional songs.


title: The End of an Era

text: On 2 April 2021, Azalea released "Sip It", a collaboration with Tyga, as the official lead single from "The End of an Era". It includes a B-side titled "Brazil". A music video was uploaded for "Sip It" on the same day, while "Brazil" received a remix featuring Brazilian drag queen and recording artist Gloria Groove on 20 April 2021 accompanied by a visualiser for the original version. "Sip It" peaked at 40 on the New Zealand Hot Singles chart. "Sip It" does not appear on the standard version of the album, but appears on the deluxe version. "Brazil" appears on both versions of the album.


title: The End of an Era

text: On 2 July 2021, Azalea released the second single from "The End of an Era", "Iam the Stripclub". Its music video, uploaded the same day, attracted controversy due to accusations of blackfishing; Azalea called the allegations "ridiculous and baseless".


title: The End of an Era

text: On 5 August 2021, a week before the album, Azalea released "Sex on the Beach" featuring Sophia Scott as the promotional single from "The End of an Era". Azalea said in an interview with Billboard that she decided to keep Scott, a relatively unknown artist, on the song, "I liked her voice and I wanted to stay true to the intent of the song. For me this album is more about a passion project than wanting it to be some gigantic commercial success."


title: The End of an Era

text: To further promote the album, Azalea joined Pitbull as the opening act on his I Feel Good Tour. The tour covered 33 cities across the United States. It began on 20 August 2021 in Clarkston, Michigan and finished on 16 October 2021 in Rapid City, South Dakota.


title: The End of an Era

text: The standard edition artwork for "The End of an Era" depicts Azalea lying on a wall covered in tiles. Behind her is a statue of three people holding a globe with the album title in neon capital letters, inspired by the film "Scarface" (1983). The deluxe edition artwork also features the statue, but shows Azalea lying in an inflatable chair in the middle of a pool. She is surrounded by drowning men and banknotes, a reference to the film "The Great Gatsby" (2013). Both artworks were photographed by Thom Kerr.


title: The End of an Era

text: Azalea stated that the title "The End of an Era" refers to the end of her 20s and that she wanted the album to be a "time capsule" of that decade of her life. She also mentioned that she would take a hiatus from music for several years after the album's release to focus on other projects.


title: The End of an Era

text: Tom Hull responded positively to the album, particularly the production behind songs like "Emo Club Anthem" and "Good Times with Bad People": "I'm feeling kind of weird liking a song where the refrain is 'I love drugs,' or another explaining 'You need a good girl / I'm just a good time.' I suppose I could blame the beats." "Happy Magazine" also rated the album highly, with reviewer Matthew Leong saying, ""The End of an Era" is a club-ready farewell from one of hip hop's most intriguing and visually creative figures. The young rapper who fought tooth and nail to be heard, is leaving behind a musical legacy that demands you to get on your feet, take a shot and dance the night away." In another positive review, Cameron Sunkel of "EDM" calls tracks "STFU", "Iam the Stripclub", and "Emo Club Anthem" as standout album tracks saying of the latter: "The self-indulgent 'Emo Club Anthem' boasts a moody, detuned club synth that sounds like the cross between a future house and bass house producer's repertoire." "Gloria" called the album "this generation's "Blackout"".


title: Kotigobba 2

text: Kotigobba 2 () in Kannada Mudinja Ivana Pudi () in Tamil is a 2016 Indian action film directed by K. S. Ravikumar. The film features Sudeepa and Nithya Menen in the lead roles. The film was simultaneously produced by Rockline Venkatesh and M. Babu in Kannada and Tamil languages. Despite the title, the film is not a sequel to the 2001 film, "Kotigobba". The film revolves around Sathya, a real estate agent, who disguises himself as a professional robber and loots wealthy people. When the police begins their investigation, he tries to convince them that his identical twin brother Shiva is the culprit.


title: Kotigobba 2

text: The film's Kannada-Tamil versions of the film released on 12 August 2016 coinciding with the 2016 Varalakshmi Vrata. where it received positive reviews from critics and audience. The film was a commercial success at the box office.


title: Kotigobba 2

text: Shiva is a profession burglar, who along his 5 accomplices loot from a rich businessman. Sathya is a doppelganger of Shiva, who works as a realtor and leads a quite life. He meets an upright girl Subha at an estate deal. who blackmails Sathya to hand over or will complain to the police, When the people who paid the money for the estate deal are cheated by a Land owner, but Subha had given the money to Sathya. Days pass by, Sathya handsover the money to Subha and the people (who were cheated) where Subha and Sathya fall for each other.


title: Kotigobba 2

text: Meanwhile, The businessman appoints ACP Kishore, a no-nonsense corrupt officer to search for the robber. After a brief investigation, He interrogates Sathya, but is stopped by DCP Sarathkumar and reveals that Sathya lodged a complaint against his twin brother Shiva, who has been torturing him and is also behind several robberies. Kishore suspects foul play and believes that Sathya and Shiva are the same person, which is revealed to be true. Sathya, along with his accomplices rob from another rich businessman by sneaking into the police station as drain cleaners and digging a tunnel to a factory where the money is hidden.


title: Kotigobba 2

text: The businessmen become partners and sends their henchmen to interrogate Sathya, only for Sathya to defeat them and Subha learns of his real identity and breaksup with him. Kishore tries to expose Sathya by a written complaint from the land owner (who was the one who cheated Sathya and Sathya had masquarde as Shiva and had blackmailed him to hand over the money), but to no avail. Sathya reveals his past and his desire for money to Subha, who understands his situation. Sathya tells that he decided to mend his ways for Subha, who reconciles with him. The businessmen kidnaps Sathya's accomplices and their families and calls Sathya to hand over their money.


title: Kotigobba 2

text: Sathya disguises himself as Shiva calls the businessmen and saves the accomplices and their families by pretending to burn their money and tells the catchphrase "Catch me if you can". At the hideout, Kishore finds Sathya, who makes a deal with Kishore to call the businessmen to arrange an attack on him and fake his death in exchange for . As planned, Sathya fakes his death with Subha and Sarathkumar as the witness, and later double-crosses Kishore, in charges of killing Shiva and Kishore gets arrested. Sathya and Subha get married. However, Sathya continues his masquerade as Shiva to rob unaccounted stocks from corrupt businessmen, without Subha's knowledge.


title: Kotigobba 2

text: D. Imman scored the soundtrack and score for the film. It is reported that actors Sudeepa and Nithya Menen lent their voices for a song written by V. Nagendra Prasad. The audio was officially released on 5 August 2016 and Anand Audio procured the music rights of the film. The project marked Imman's debut in Kannada cinema.


title: Kotigobba 2

text: "Kotigobba 2" was released on 12 August 2016. The distribution rights of the movie were sold for 16 crores, the highest for any Kannada movie at that time. The Tamil version was dubbed into Telugu as "Kotikokkadu" ( One in a crore) and in Hindi under the same title as the Tamil version. Telugu version will be presented by Lagadapati Srinivas.


title: Kotigobba 2

text: Shyam Prasad S of "Bangalore Mirror" rated the film 3.5 stars out of 5, writing, "This film will satisfy those looking to get entertained and keep a tab on getting back their money's worth." The reviewer described the second half of the film as slow and noted that the film "does not test Sudeep's acting capabilities and only draws on his image and popularity." Sunayana Suresh of "The Times of India" rated the film with 3.5/5 stars and stated, "Kotigobba 2 makes no bones of being the typical commercial entertainer, replete with multiple comedy tracks, romance, action and songs, with a soppy father-son sentiment track as a bonus." Shashiprasad SM of "Deccan Chronicle" gave the film 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote, "Kotigobba 2 is a guaranteed fun filled experience, and is a must for Kiccha fans." Box office collection in about ₹65 crores.


title: Kotigobba 2

text: The movie was reported to have a superb occupancy not only in main centres like Bangalore and Mysore, but also in centres like Udupi and Mangalore where the market for Kannada films had been a concern. It raked in close to 7 crore from the BTK centre (Bengalore, Tumkur and Kolar) and 15.5 crore from rest of Karnataka within 4 days of release. It went on to become the fastest 20 crore grosser in Kannada at that time beating the record of "Masterpiece" which had taken six days to reach the mark.


title: Artemis Fowl (novel)

text: Artemis Fowl is an Irish young adult fantasy novel written by Irish author Eoin Colfer. It is the first book in the "Artemis Fowl" series, the first cycle of "The Fowl Adventures", followed by "Artemis Fowl and the Arctic Incident". Described by its author as ""Die Hard" with fairies", the novel follows fairy LEP reconnaissance officer Holly Short after she is kidnapped by twelve-year-old criminal mastermind Artemis Fowl II for a large ransom of gold.


title: Artemis Fowl (novel)

text: Throughout the book, the third-person narration switches from following the human characters to following the fairy characters to present underlying themes of greed and conflict. The book received a mostly favourable critical response and several awards. A film adaptation titled "Artemis Fowl" was released on Disney+ on 12 June 2020.


title: Artemis Fowl (novel)

text: Captain Holly Short, an elf in the Lower Elements Police (LEP), is tracking a rogue troll that has managed to reach the surface of the Earth from Haven City, thousands of feet underground. Assisted by the technically minded centaur Foaly and LEPrecon commander Julius Root, she incapacitates the troll before leaving for Tara to replenish her magic.


title: Artemis Fowl (novel)

text: Meanwhile, Artemis Fowl II is a 12-year-old prodigy who has dedicated his life to criminal activities. He leads the Fowl criminal empire, which has existed in his family for generations. After significant research, Artemis believes that he has confirmed the existence of fairies. He identifies an alcoholic sprite living in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, and travels there with his bodyguard Butler to obtain from her "The Book of the People"—the fairy holy book that is written in Gnommish. After decoding the book using translating software, Artemis learns the specifics of the ritual fairies use to replenish their magic: take an acorn from an ancient oak tree near a bend in a river under the full moon and plant it elsewhere. Artemis and Butler track down 129 possible nearby locations for the ritual and start a stakeout. They discover Holly performing the ritual, and Butler tranquillises her with a hypodermic dart gun.


title: Artemis Fowl (novel)

text: After being led onto Fowl's ship by Holly's tracker, Artemis tells Commander Root his name so they can find him, and then blows the ship up. An LEP retrieval team is sent to scout Fowl Manor using their 'shielding' ability, which allows them to vibrate faster than the human eye can follow. The team enters the manor grounds, where Artemis has installed a camera with a high frames-per-second rate, allowing him to detect the threat. After Butler incapacitates the intruders, Root decides to lay siege to Fowl Manor using a time-stop and enter negotiations. Artemis states his ransom demand: one ton of 24-carat gold. Artemis also reveals his knowledge of the time-stop and claims that he can escape it. An analysis by LEP behaviour experts determines that Artemis believes he is telling the truth.


title: Artemis Fowl (novel)

text: The attempts to gain entry to the manor continue as the LEP recruits an infamous criminal, the kleptomaniac dwarf Mulch Diggums, to break in. Fairies normally cannot enter human dwellings without permission, but Mulch has forfeited the magic preventing him from entering dwellings, causing him to be safe when burglarising. He tunnels underground to reach the house while Foaly feeds a loop to the manor surveillance system, allowing Mulch to freely explore. Mulch accidentally locates a safe containing Artemis' copy of the book, revealing to the fairies the source of Artemis' knowledge, which he had led them to believe he had acquired from a truth serum administered to Holly. The Fairy Council, deciding that nothing is working, promotes a lieutenant called Briar Cudgeon to acting commander, temporarily usurping Julius Root. Meanwhile, Holly cracks through the concrete of her cell, finding fresh dirt, and completes the ritual with a smuggled acorn. Having regained her magic, she escapes into the main house.


title: Artemis Fowl (novel)

text: Cudgeon decides to release the troll Holly captured earlier, into the mansion, to force Artemis to allow the fairies to enter and subdue the troll. This backfires, as Butler, aided by Holly's healing powers, defeats the troll. The Fairy Council subsequently strips Cudgeon of his post.


title: Artemis Fowl (novel)

text: Artemis is finally granted the ransom. The gold is sent in and Artemis asks Holly for a wish: to cure his mother's insanity — she has been living in her bedroom, driven mad by the loss of her husband. Holly grants the wish at the cost of half the gold. The LEP decides to send in a "blue rinse" – a biological bomb that kills all organic life — to eliminate Artemis and allow for the retrieval of the gold, but this fails when Artemis discovers how to escape the time field and escapes the time-stop by drugging himself and his comrades with sleeping pills.


title: Artemis Fowl (novel)

text: Artemis, having survived until the end of the time-stop, the LEP is bound by law and leaves the remaining gold and departs. In the end, Butler demands an explanation as to how Artemis came up with the idea of using sleeping pills. Artemis explains that he had gotten the idea from old fairy tales, in which human characters never wake up at an inopportune moment for the fairies and had guessed that time-stops were the reason. Concluding that the time-stop forces a being to stay in whichever state of consciousness they were in when the time-stop is started, Artemis uses sleeping pills to break out of the time-stop. Artemis finds his mother has fully recovered from her insanity thanks to Holly's magic.


title: Artemis Fowl (novel)

text: "Artemis Fowl" has a number of underlying themes, but the most essential of these are greed and the conflict between good and evil.


title: Artemis Fowl (novel)

text: Greed is the first main theme that is introduced into the book, and specifically the desire to obtain gold. In a similar manner to other themes in the book, it changes throughout, becoming less of a focus near to the end of the novel, where Artemis is (grudgingly) willing to part with a large sum of money to help someone else.


title: Artemis Fowl (novel)

text: The idea of conflict between good and evil is one that is touched upon in the book in a light-hearted manner. Although Artemis sees himself as an evil genius at the beginning of the book, and is portrayed as such, the end of the story contradicts this image when he pays the fairy Holly to help his mother. Artemis's enemies, the fairies, would be "the good side", but their actions call this view into question—they are as determined as Artemis is to achieve their goals. While only some of them are willing to ruthlessly deploy a troll, regardless of the possible danger to life, all are willing to utilize a bio-bomb once Holly is out of the mansion, to eliminate Artemis.


title: Artemis Fowl (novel)

text: In general, the book received a very positive critical response – in 2004 it received the Young Reader's Choice Award and Garden State Teen Book Award, among other awards.


title: Artemis Fowl (novel)

text: The "New York Post" said "Artemis Fowl is great ... a new thriller fairy tale that will grab your interest, no matter your age." and the "Library Journal" said "Fun to read, full of action and humour, this is recommended for all public libraries and to readers of all ages." "Time" said, ""Artemis Fowl" is pacy, playful, and very funny, an inventive mix of myth and modernity, magic and crime", while the "New York Times Book Review" said that "Colfer has done enormously, explosively well."


title: Artemis Fowl (novel)

text: Kate Kellaway of "the Observer" called the book "a smart, amusing one-off. It flashes with hi-tech invention – as if Colfer were as much an inspired boffin as a writer." The Amazon.com official review highly complimented the book, saying "Fantastic stuff from beginning to end, Artemis Fowl is a rip-roaring, 21st century romp of the highest order."


title: Artemis Fowl (novel)

text: However, another "Time" magazine review criticized the "abysmal" writing and the characterization, calling Artemis' character "repellent in almost every regard." It concluded that "Artemis Fowl" is "an awkward, calculated, humorless and mean-spirited book." "USA Today" review concluded: "All the familiar action-flick clichés are trotted out: the backstabbing, politically astute subordinate; the seemingly loony but loyal computer expert; the dabs of family loyalty; the requisite happy ending; the utterly unsubtle plugs for the sequel; the big action scenes. ... Resist the hype, parents, booksellers and librarians. This is not the new Harry Potter, nor is it a good children's book."


title: Artemis Fowl (novel)

text: In 2001, plans were announced for a film adaptation of the series. Miramax Films was named as purchasing the film rights, with Lawrence Guterman signed to direct. In 2003 Colfer stated that a screenplay had been finalized and that casting was due to start the same year, but expressed scepticism over whether or not this would come to pass. The film remained in development and was assumed to be in development hell until 2011, when it was reported that Jim Sheridan was interested in directing the film. In July 2013, it was announced that Disney was developing a project based on the first and second instalment of the "Artemis Fowl" series. Robert De Niro and Jane Rosenthal would be the executive producers and Kenneth Branagh would direct. The film was originally scheduled for a theatrical release on 9 August 2019 by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, but on 7 May 2019 the film was delayed to 29 May 2020. On 3 April the film's theatrical release was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and instead it debuted on Disney+ on 12 June 2020.


title: Artemis Fowl (novel)

text: "Artemis Fowl: The Graphic Novel" is a graphic novel based on the book. Written by Colfer and adapted by Andrew Donkin with the art by Giovanni Rigano, the graphic novel was released on 2 October 2007. The plot remains the same as the book's except some minor details. Some characters' appearances differed from their description in the book; Holly Short's hair is longer than described in the book and a darker brown, as opposed to the reddish brown described in the book, and her skin appears noticeably lighter than the nut-brown coffee-like complexion she had previously been described as possessing. Haven City's roof is stalactites and rock as opposed to the computer-generated sky described by the book. The graphic novel does not contain many word balloons, showing each character's story in first-person. Graphic novels for subsequent books in the series were released in 2009, 2013, and 2014.


title: Artemis Fowl (novel)

text: Later, in 2019, in promotion of the upcoming 2020 film, Disney released a new version of the graphic novel, this time adapted by Michael Moreci and drawn by Stephen Giplin. It skims over the therapist reports and cuts out the second scene of Artemis and his mother for pacing.


title: Sleeping at Last

text: Sleeping at Last is a musical project led by singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist Ryan O'Neal. The project initially began in Wheaton, Illinois as a three-piece band with Ryan O'Neal as the lead singer and guitarist, his brother Chad O'Neal as the drummer, and Dan Perdue as the bassist. The band independently recorded their debut album, "Capture" in 2000, which they used to attract the attention of Smashing Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan, who helped them get signed to a major record label, Interscope Records. The band released their only major label album, "Ghosts" in 2003, before going independent again and releasing "Keep No Score" in 2006, and "Storyboards" in 2009.


title: Sleeping at Last

text: In the years following the release of their first four albums, both Chad O'Neal and Perdue would leave the band to pursue other interests. Ryan O'Neal chose to retain the use of the band's name for his solo work from that point on, but opted to focus on single songs and short EPs rather than any further traditional albums.


title: Sleeping at Last

text: Sleeping at Last was originally formed in 1999 in Wheaton, Illinois, and consisted of Ryan O'Neal, his brother Chad O'Neal (drummer), and Dan Perdue (bass guitarist). The group built a significant local following and opened for bands such as Kill Hannah and Plain White T's, attracting the attention of Billy Corgan, who got them signed to Interscope Records in 2002. Their major label debut, "Ghosts", followed in 2003.


title: Sleeping at Last

text: National touring ensued, first opening for Switchfoot, then for Billy Corgan's side project Zwan, Yellowcard, Something Corporate, The Format, and Bleu. They received airplay on Fuse TV and their song "Quicksand" was featured in the third season of "Grey's Anatomy". Their third full-length, "Keep No Score", was released independently.


title: Sleeping at Last

text: On November 29, 2008, it was announced that drummer Chad O'Neal would be moving on to pursue other interests. In 2009, the band independently released their "Storyboards" album, which featured a guest orchestral arrangement by the legendary Van Dyke Parks. On July 15, 2010 the band announced via their website that starting on October 1, 2010 until September 1, 2011 they would be releasing three songs on the first day of each month for one year, a project they named "Yearbook". The songs were released on their website in twelve separate EPs named after the month in which they were released (e.g. January, February, etc.). As of December 8, 2011, all 12 EPs became available in one "Yearbook" box set for $45.00. On May 22, 2011 it was announced that bassist and keys player Dan Perdue would be stepping down to pursue other interests. The band will still continue as Sleeping at Last, with Ryan O'Neal being the only permanent member.


title: Sleeping at Last

text: "Yearbook" songs "Homesick" and "Watermark" were featured in the ABC television show, "Private Practice" in Season 3 (2010), followed by ""Yearbook"" songs "Emphasis" and "Wires" being featured on "Private Practice" in Season 4 (2011). "Tethered" (also on ""Yearbook"") was featured in season 8 (2012) of the ABC television show "Grey's Anatomy." "From the Ground Up" from "Yearbook: December" was featured in the season 7 finale of "Bones".


title: Sleeping at Last

text: On September 26, 2011 it was announced that a new Sleeping at Last song will be featured in the film, " – Part 1", with a song called "Turning Page", written exclusively for the film. "Turning Page" and "Turning Page (Instrumental)" appeared exclusively on "", released on November 8, 2011.


title: Sleeping at Last

text: On June 6, 2012, Sleeping at Last released an 8-bit remix EP entitled "8-Bits". The EP is composed of one song from each of the last three Sleeping at Last studio albums and one song from the Yearbook project. The songs were remixed by Michael Carroll and Steven Padin from The Reign of Kindo. The EP was released for free on NoiseTrade.


title: Sleeping at Last

text: O'Neal teased his latest project on his blog in late 2012, showing an image with the date "12.12.12" on it. Two days before December 12 that year, O'Neal revealed the details of "Atlas", what he described as "an ongoing series of [EP]s". In the blog post, O'Neal said that the artwork would "play a very special role in [the] project" and that he had turned to Geoff Benzing to "paint one painting for each of the 28+ songs".


title: Sleeping at Last

text: In December 2013, the song "In the Embers" from the album "Atlas: Light" was used by Turner Classic Movies as the soundtrack for the 2013 version of "TCM Remembers," the network's annual tribute to actors, producers, and other filmmakers who died during the year. The lyrics of the song discuss leaving a legacy after death and compares the span of human lives to fireworks, stating that "till our temporary brilliance turns to ash, we pull apart the darkness while we can."


title: Sleeping at Last

text: On January 30, 2014 the song "Sun" from the EP "Atlas: Space 1" was used in the trailer for the book-based movie "The Fault in Our Stars".


title: Sleeping at Last

text: On July 8, 2014, Sleeping at Last released "Atlas: Year One", a compilation of the previous year's six extended plays.


title: Sleeping at Last

text: On February 18, 2015, O'Neal announced, via his Facebook page, that "Atlas: Year Two" would be coming out in the spring of 2015. On April 2, O'Neal recorded two covers, "Today Has Been Okay" and "Chasing Cars", that were both used in the eleventh season of "Grey's Anatomy". On May 18, the subscribers of "Atlas: Year Two" were able to listen to the first two songs, "Overture II" and "Life". It was released on iTunes on May 26. On June 13, O'Neal recorded an OST for the new upcoming movie "Many Beautiful Things" that was available on Spotify. On August 13, the group's song, "Countdowns" was the feature song at the end of the next to last episode of "The Astronaut Wives Club – The Dark Side". It played as the wives held their breath for Apollo 8 going around the back side of the moon and as the wives go their separate ways in life. On September 18, the first EP of "Atlas: Year Two", "Atlas: Life", was released on iTunes and Spotify.


title: Sleeping at Last

text: On August 10, 2021, O'Neal announced on his blog that the first song of "Atlas: Year 3", 'Overture III / Awake' would be coming out on the 24th of that month for those with subscriptions. It was released officially on iTunes on September 10, and in a blog post on that date he also announced that Elicia Edijanto would be doing the artwork for all of the songs in "Atlas: Year 3".


title: Sleeping at Last

text: In 2015, Budweiser used the cover of "I’m Gonna Be (500 Miles)" from "Covers, Vol. 1" in their Super Bowl Ad.


title: Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV

text: Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV (4 June 1884 – 3 August 1940) was the Maharaja of Mysore from 1902 until his death in 1940. The vernacular name Nalwadi Krishnaraja Wadiyar comes from the word meaning "the fourth" in Kannada.


title: Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV

text: Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV was born on 4 June 1884 in Mysore Palace as the son of Maharaja Chamarajendra Wadiyar X and Maharani Vani Vilas Sannidhana. After the death of his father in Calcutta in 1894, Krishnaraja Wadiyar's mother ruled the state as regent, from 1895 to 1902, until Krishnaraja Wadiyar reached the age of majority on 8 August 1902.


title: Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV

text: The maharaja had his early education and training at the Lokaranjan Palace under the direction of P. Raghavendra Rao. In addition to Western studies, he was instructed in the languages of Kannada and Sanskrit, and was taught horse riding and Indian and western Classical music. His early administrative training was imparted by Stuart Fraser of the Bombay Civil Service. The study of the principles of jurisprudence and methods of revenue administration was supplemented by extensive tours of the state during which he gained extensive knowledge of the nature of the country which he was later to govern.


title: Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV

text: On 6 June 1900 at Jaganmohan Palace, he married Soubhagyavati Maharani Lakshmivilas Sannidhana Sri Pratapa Kumaribai Devi Ammani Avaru of Kathiawar (1889-1953), the youngest daughter of Rana Shri Bane Singhji Sahib, Rana Sahib of Vana in the Kathiawar region of the present-day Gujarat State.


title: Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV

text: Shortly after the death of his father Maharaja Chamarajendra Wadiyar X on 28 December 1894, Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV, still a boy of eleven, ascended the throne on 1 February 1895. His mother Maharani Kemparajammanni ruled as regent until Krishnaraja Wodeyar took over on 8 February 1902. Krishna IV was invested as the Maharaja of Mysore, with full ruling powers, by Viceroy Lord Curzon on 8 August 1902 at a ceremony at Jaganmohana Palace.


title: Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV

text: Krishnaraja Wodeyar set up educational infrastructure. The king was an accomplished musician, and like his predecessors, patronised fine arts. For these reasons, his reign is often described as the 'Golden age of Mysore'.


title: Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV

text: Krishna Raja Wadiyar was the first chancellor of Banaras Hindu University and the University of Mysore. The latter was the first university chartered by an Indian State. The Indian Institute of Science at Bangalore, which was initiated during his mother's tenure as regent, was functionally started during his reign, with the gift, in 1911, of 371 acres (1.5 km²) of land and a donation of funds. He was a patron of Indian, both Carnatic and Hindustani, and Western classical music.


title: Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV

text: Mysore had been the first Indian state to have a Representative Assembly, a democratic forum in 1881. During Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV's reign, the Assembly was enlarged and became bicameral in 1907 with the creation of the legislative council, a house of elders which introduced much new legislation for the state. During his reign, Mysore became the first Indian state to generate hydroelectric power in Asia, and Bangalore was the first Asian city to have street lights, first lit on 5 August 1905.


title: Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV

text: During his 39-year reign as Maharaja, Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV had the following "diwans" (prime ministers):


title: Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV

text: During his reign, he worked toward alleviating poverty and improving rural reconstruction, public health, industry and economic regeneration, education and the fine arts. Such were the strides that Mysore made during his period that Gandhiji was moved to remark that the Maharaja was a "Rajarishi" ("a saintly king"). Paul Brunton, the British philosopher and orientalist; John Gunther, the American author; and the British statesman, Lord Samuel, were also among those who heaped praise on the king. Lord Sankey said during the Round Table Conference that Mysore was ""the best administered state in the world"". Princes from other sections of India were sent to Mysore for administrative training. The Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya described the Raja as "Dharmic" and Lord Wellington echoed the sentiment by calling Mysore's industrial development "incredible". In an obituary, "The Times" called him "a ruling prince second to none in esteem and affection inspired by both his impressive administration and his attractive personality".


title: Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV

text: Mahatma Gandhi praised the Maharaja of Mysore in 1925 for taking up spinning, to the benefit of himself and his subjects. He is popularly called "Rajarshi" (), the name which was given by Mahatma Gandhi, for his administrative reforms and achievements.


title: Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV

text: At the time of his death, he was one of the world's wealthiest men, with a personal fortune estimated in 1940 to be worth US$400 million, equivalent to $7 billion at 2018 prices. He was the second-wealthiest Indian, after Mir Osman Ali Khan, Nizam of Hyderabad.


title: Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV

text: He was a philosopher-king, seen by Paul Brunton as living the ideal expressed in Plato's Republic. He has been compared to Emperor Ashoka by the English statesman Lord Samuel. Acknowledging Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV's noble and efficient kingship, Lord John Sankey declared in 1930 at the Round Table Conference in London, "Mysore is the best administered state in the world".


title: Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV

text: During the reign of Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV, Mysore Kingdom (comprising Bangalore, Chitradurga, Hassan, Kadur, Kolar, Mysore, Mandya, Shimoga, and Tumkur) saw an all-round development:


title: Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV

text: The Raja was a connoisseur of Carnatic and Hindustani music. He played eight musical instruments: flute, violin, saxophone, piano, mridangam, nadaswara, sitar, and veena. Members of the Agra Gharana, including Nattan Khan and Ustad Vilayat Hussain Khan, were guests of the Maharajah in Mysore, as were Abdul Karim Khan and Gauhar Jan. Barkatullah Khan was a palace musician from 1919 until his death in 1930.


title: Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV

text: Asthana Vidwan Kadagathur Seshacharya has written various works and is famous for his contributions towards Sanskrit and Kannada Literature.


title: Indru Netru Naalai

text: Indru Netru Naalai () is a 2015 Indian Tamil-language science fiction comedy film written and directed by R. Ravikumar in his debut feature. The film is jointly produced by Thirukumaran Entertainment and Studio Green, and features Vishnu Vishal and Miya in the lead while Karunakaran, T. M. Karthik, P. Ravi Shankar and Jayaprakash play supporting roles. The film received positive reviews from critics and became a blockbuster.


title: Indru Netru Naalai

text: In the year 2065, a scientist (Arya) invents a time machine. To prove its capability, he sends it back in time to 2015, programming it to return within forty seconds. However, the machine does not return.


title: Indru Netru Naalai

text: The time machine is seen by three people in 2015 — Elango (Vishnu Vishal), a budding entrepreneur whose ideas are rejected by all and is struggling to maintain his relationship with his rich girlfriend Anu (Miya George), who is embarrassed at the fact that Elango is unemployed; Elango's best friend Pulivetti Arumugam (Karunakaran), a fake astrologer; and an inventor Giridhara Parthasarathy (T. M. Karthik), who makes a living by repairing home appliances. The three of them are involved in an accident and witness the time machine while recovering from the shock. While Parthasarathy decides to keep the time machine for himself, he suffers an electric shock and ends up in a coma, prompting Elango and Arumugam to steal the time machine from Parthasarathy's shop. The duo use the time machine to make Arumugam's astrology practice extremely successful by going back in time and finding things lost by people under the guise of astrology. Elango further uses the machine to impress Anu's industrialist father Rajarathinam (Jayaprakash) by going to the future, obtaining the stock market results and successfully "predicting" them in front of Rajarathinam and his company's board of directors. Rajarathinam soon approves the marriage of Anu with Elango.


title: Indru Netru Naalai

text: Things go smoothly until Elango and Arumugam inadvertently thwart an encounter to kill Kuzhandaivelu (P. Ravi Shankar), a dreaded gangster and extortionist who is targeting Rajarathinam, during one of their trips to the past to find yet another item of Arumugam's client. In the present day, Kuzhandaivelu is plotting to kill Rajarathinam for his role in planning the encounter and also Elango and Arumugam for (unknowingly) attacking him in a parking lot. Elango and Anu's marriage is postponed indefinitely as a result.


title: Indru Netru Naalai

text: Elango and Arumugam go back to the past to fix their mistake, but Kuzhandaivelu accidentally shoots the time machine while fighting a police officer during the encounter, damaging it. The duo find Parthasarathy, who has woken up from his coma but doesn't remember them, and ask him to fix the time machine. While Parthasarathy manages to fix the time machine, due to a lack of specific parts which have not yet been developed, it can only take the user to a specific time in the past (when Kuzhandaivelu damaged the time machine) and also as the date cannot be changed, the user cannot return to the future. Therefore, the duo decide not to use it. Later, Kuzhandaivelu spots Elango, Arumugam and Anu at a mall and pursues them. He opens fire during the chase, killing Anu. To ensure that Anu remains alive, Elango decides to use the time machine to return to the past and kill Kuzhandaivelu, even though he cannot return. But Kuzhandaivelu spots the duo and while fighting them, all three of them fall into the time machine and go to the past. In the past, Kuzhandaivelu destroys the time machine, but Elango manages to kill Kuzhandaivelu. Then, Elango and Arumugam stop themselves from finding the time machine by thwarting the accident involving them and Parthasarathy.


title: Indru Netru Naalai

text: The next morning, Elango wakes up in a bed, remembering only the events of the previous night. He soon finds out, to his surprise, that he is in a marriage hall and that he will marry Anu on that day. He does not remember, to Anu's bewilderment, any of the events which had occurred in the past two months as a result of his usage of the time machine during that period. He finds out that, without finding the time machine, he got a job and managed to impress Rajarathinam with one of his business ideas, leading to his marriage with Anu. Arumugam, who also doesn't remember anything over the past two months, is happily married. Elango and Arumugam soon find out that Kuzhandaivelu had died two months ago, having been killed in the encounter. They also run into Parthasarathy, who does not recognise them as they had never met.


title: Indru Netru Naalai

text: Principal photography lasted 43 days. The CG for this film was done by Phantom FX, a Chennai-based VFX Studio.


title: Indru Netru Naalai

text: The film's soundtrack album and background score were composed by Hiphop Tamizha. The soundtrack album consists of five tracks.


title: Indru Netru Naalai

text: "Indru Netru Naalai" was released on 26 June 2015, and received positive reviews from critics. Baradwaj Rangan of "The Hindu" called it "A fun ride with a time machine". S. Saraswathi of Rediff.com gave the film 3.5/5 stars, praising the direction, screenplay, and performances of the cast members. She concluded by saying that "Indru Netru Naalai" is "worth watching". Behindwoods stated in its review that "Indru Netru Naalai" was "A well executed sci-fi film". The movie is also widely applauded for its minimal but perfect execution of visual effects, handled by . M. Suganth of "The Times of India" gave it 3.5/5 and appreciated the director's way of handling the film's theme.


title: Indru Netru Naalai

text: On 18 January 2021, the movie's sequel was announced with a special pooja ceremony. The filmmakers revealed that Vishal and Karunakaran have been retained for the sequel. It will be directed by debutant Karthik Ponraj SP with music composed by Ghibran. This film is to be CV Kumar's 25th production venture.


title: New Pokémon Snap

text: New Pokémon Snap is an on-rails first-person photography game developed by Bandai Namco Studios and published by Nintendo and The Pokémon Company for the Nintendo Switch. It is a sequel to the 1999 Nintendo 64 game "Pokémon Snap." Announced in June 2020, it was released on April 30, 2021. Players travel in the Lental region using an on-rails hovercraft and research Pokémon by photographing them.


title: New Pokémon Snap

text: Gameplay is similar to its Nintendo 64 predecessor, with the return of its island setting, the on-rails photography mechanic, unlockable stages, real-time interaction with the environment via unlockable items, and the ability to save photographs for later viewing. "New Pokémon Snap"'s protagonist is guided by the Pokémon researcher Professor Mirror, who takes on the Professor Oak role from the first installment. Professor Mirror, who is joined by his assistants, offers not only the entire island for photography exploration, but also his research lab itself as an unlockable course.


title: New Pokémon Snap

text: New to this installment is the option to view courses at different stages of day, such as daytime and nighttime, which offer the player chances to capture different Pokémon and poses not offered in the standard course runs. The player can also access "Illumia" stages that allow the player to capture photos of Pokémon in their Illumia form, a new feature unique to "Snap". Pokémon photo scores have also been expanded upon, with letter rankings added for an additional challenge. Certain courses may only be unlocked by achieving a baseline score, and capturing Pokémon in specific poses, recorded in a journal, results in additional bonuses.


title: New Pokémon Snap

text: The game follows the protagonist, as he helps Professor Mirror and his associates to uncover the secrets of the Lental region, which is famous for its phenomenon of luminescent Pokémon. Researching five legendary species protecting the islands, they find out that they are linked to a local legend. 2000 years ago, they protected the island from a meteor strike under the guidance of Xerneas, who gave them their powers.


title: New Pokémon Snap

text: In "New Pokémon Snap", the player is a Pokémon photographer who visits various islands in the Lental region to help the research studies of Professor Mirror and his assistants Rita and Phil. Todd from the original "Pokémon Snap" makes an appearance in this game. The research lab located in the Lental region is called the Laboratory of Ecological and Natural Sciences (L.E.N.S.). Taking photographs helps the player build a compendium called a Photodex; the game features over 200 different Pokémon for the player to photograph. In addition to adding photos to the Photodex, the player also helps investigate the Illumina phenomenon, where Pokémon and plants appear to have a special glow.


title: New Pokémon Snap

text: For each research expedition, the player travels in an on-rails hovercraft, the NEO-ONE (an updated version of the ZERO-ONE from "Pokémon Snap"), to safely photograph Pokémon in their natural environments. With the new content update, aside from being able to travel underwater and faster, the NEO-ONE is capable of shrinking, along with its occupants. These habitats include jungles, deserts and beaches, which can be visited during daytime or at night in order to photograph different types of Pokémon. Each photo the player takes is graded by Professor Mirror on a scale of one to four stars based on how rare the current activity of the Pokémon is. Each photo is also given a score taking into account things like shot composition, how close the Pokémon is, and whether they are facing the camera or not. Players can decide to save those photos to the Photodex, which can hold up to four photos of each Pokémon (one at each rating). As players take higher-quality photos, they earn Expedition Points that go toward improving the Research Level of each area in the Lental region. Achieving higher research levels will open up more levels to explore in that area.


title: New Pokémon Snap

text: To get better pictures, the player is encouraged to use various tools to coax out rarely-seen Pokémon reactions on camera. To lure Pokémon out, players can use a fruit called a fluffruit, or play a melody that can get some Pokémon to dance. They can also throw an item called an Illumina Orb to cause Pokémon to glow. The orbs serve to not only help the player take pictures at night, but also potentially change a Pokémon's behavior. Depending on the Pokémon, the Illumina orb can help wake up sleeping creatures, or even sometimes cheer them up. Players can find hidden Pokémon in the area by using their camera to scan for them.


title: New Pokémon Snap

text: After Professor Mirror grades the player's photographs, players can retouch their photos using the Re-Snap feature. This allows the player to change parameters like zoom, blur, and brightness, as well as add photographic filters, photo frames, and stickers. These edited photos can be saved to a personal photo album separate from the Photodex. Players can upload their photos online to share with other players, who in turn can help get their favourite photos be featured in-game by liking them, known as giving Sweet! Medals.


title: New Pokémon Snap

text: "New Pokémon Snap" was developed by Bandai Namco Studios and published by The Pokémon Company and Nintendo. Bandai Namco had previously developed the Pokémon fighting game "Pokkén Tournament", in which Pokémon were depicted as part of an interconnected world, coexisting with humans. According to game director Haruki Suzaki, who directed both titles, it was this depiction of Pokémon that helped the studio earn the opportunity to work on "New Pokémon Snap".


title: New Pokémon Snap

text: Suzaki's vision for the game was to keep the basic gameplay from the original, while adding new features that reflected how people currently interact with photographs. He explained, "The result is a simple game of taking pictures in a world where Pokémon are alive and well in nature, but at the same time there is a variety of contemporary ways to play with photography."


title: New Pokémon Snap

text: It was announced during the "Pokémon Presents" presentation on June 17, 2020, and was released on April 30, 2021, for the Nintendo Switch.


title: New Pokémon Snap

text: "New Pokémon Snap" was released on April 30, 2021, in North America and Japan, about 22 years after the release of the original "Pokemon Snap".


title: New Pokémon Snap

text: To promote the game, Nintendo announced company collaborations. A "Pokémon Go" in-game event, held from April 29 to May 2, featured Pokémon from the Lental region. Nintendo also worked with Fujifilm to introduce a mobile app on launch day that lets players use a Instax Mini Link printer to print out screenshots stored on the Nintendo Switch, including photos taken in "New Pokémon Snap". Before printing, the app allows users to decorate their photos with filters and photo frames inspired by the game, as well as from other games like the Mario franchise and "".


title: New Pokémon Snap

text: "New Pokémon Snap" received "generally positive reviews", according to the review aggregator Metacritic.


title: New Pokémon Snap

text: "New Pokémon Snap" sold 194,385 physical copies within its first week on sale in Japan, making it the best-selling retail game of the week in the country. In the United Kingdom, it sold four times as many physical copies at launch as its predecessor game, also taking the number one place in sales. It had sold 2.07 million copies by June 30, 2021. It had sold 2.4 million copies as of December 2021.


title: Brown-Séquard syndrome

text: Brown-Séquard syndrome (also known as Brown-Séquard's hemiplegia, Brown-Séquard's paralysis, hemiparaplegic syndrome, hemiplegia et hemiparaplegia spinalis, or spinal hemiparaplegia) is caused by damage to one half of the spinal cord, i.e. hemisection of the spinal cord resulting in paralysis and loss of proprioception on the same (or ipsilateral) side as the injury or lesion, and loss of pain and temperature sensation on the opposite (or contralateral) side as the lesion. It is named after physiologist Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard, who first described the condition in 1850.


title: Brown-Séquard syndrome

text: Brown-Séquard syndrome may be caused by injury to the spinal cord resulting from a spinal cord tumor, trauma [such as a fall or injury from gunshot or puncture to the cervical or thoracic spine], ischemia (obstruction of a blood vessel), or infectious or inflammatory diseases such as tuberculosis, or multiple sclerosis. In its pure form, it is rarely seen. The most common cause is penetrating trauma such as a gunshot wound or stab wound to the spinal cord. Decompression sickness may also be a cause of Brown-Séquard syndrome.


title: Brown-Séquard syndrome

text: The presentation can be progressive and incomplete. It can advance from a typical Brown-Séquard syndrome to complete paralysis. It is not always permanent and progression or resolution depends on the severity of the original spinal cord injury and the underlying pathology that caused it in the first place.


title: Brown-Séquard syndrome

text: As a result of the injury to these three main brain pathways the patient will present with three lesions:


title: Brown-Séquard syndrome

text: In addition, if the lesion occurs above T1 of the spinal cord it will produce ipsilateral Horner's syndrome with involvement of the oculosympathetic pathway.


title: Brown-Séquard syndrome

text: Brown-Séquard syndrome is an incomplete spinal cord lesion characterized by findings on clinical examination which reflect hemisection of the spinal cord (cutting the spinal cord in half on one or the other side). It is diagnosed by finding motor (muscle) paralysis on the same (ipsilateral) side as the lesion and deficits in pain and temperature sensation on the opposite (contralateral) side. This is called ipsilateral hemiplegia and contralateral pain and temperature sensation deficits. The loss of sensation on the opposite side of the lesion is because the nerve fibers of the spinothalamic tract (which carry information about pain and temperature) crossover once they meet the spinal cord from the peripheries.


title: Brown-Séquard syndrome

text: Any presentation of spinal injury that is an incomplete lesion (hemisection) can be called a partial Brown-Séquard or incomplete Brown-Séquard syndrome.


title: Brown-Séquard syndrome

text: Brown-Séquard syndrome is characterized by loss of motor function (i.e. hemiparaplegia), loss of vibration sense and fine touch, loss of proprioception (position sense), loss of two-point discrimination, and signs of weakness on the ipsilateral (same side) of the spinal injury. This is a result of a lesion affecting the dorsal column-medial lemniscus tract, well localized (deep) touch, conscious proprioception, vibration, pressure and 2-point discrimination, and the corticospinal tract, which carries motor fibers. On the contralateral (opposite side) of the lesion, there will be a loss of pain and temperature sensation and crude touch 1 or 2 segments below the level of the lesion via the Spinothalamic Tract of the Anterolateral System. Bilateral (both sides) ataxia may also occur if the ventral spinocerebellar tract and dorsal spinocerebellar tract are affected.


title: Brown-Séquard syndrome

text: Crude touch, pain and temperature fibers are carried in the spinothalamic tract. These fibers decussate at the level of the spinal cord. Therefore, a hemi-section lesion to the spinal cord will demonstrate loss of these modalities on the contralateral side of the lesion, while preserving them on the ipsilateral side. Upon touching this side, the patient will not be able to localize where they were touched, only that they were touched. This is because fine touch fibers are carried in the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway. The fibers in this pathway decussate at the level of the medulla. Therefore, a hemi-section lesion of the spinal cord will demonstrate loss of fine touch on ipsilateral side (preserved on the contralateral side) and crude touch (destruction of the decussated spinothalamic fibers from the contralateral side) on the contralateral side.


title: Brown-Séquard syndrome

text: Treatment is directed at the pathology causing the paralysis. If the syndrome is caused by a spinal fracture, this should be identified and treated appropriately. Although steroids may be used to decrease cord swelling and inflammation, the usual therapy for spinal cord injury is expectant.


title: Brown-Séquard syndrome

text: Brown-Séquard syndrome is rare as the trauma would have to be something that damaged the nerve fibres on just one half of the spinal cord.


title: Brown-Séquard syndrome

text: Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard studied the anatomy and physiology of the spinal cord. He described this injury after observing spinal cord trauma which happened to farmers while cutting sugar cane in Mauritius.


title: Brown-Séquard syndrome

text: French physician, Paul Loye, attempted to confirm Brown-Séquard's observations on the nervous system by experimentation with decapitation of dogs and other animals and recording the extent of each animal's movement after decapitation.


title: Two Wolves

text: The story of the Two Wolves is a popular legend of unknown origin, sometimes attributed to the Cherokee or Lenape people. This legend, also known as "Which one do you feed", "Grandfather Tells", "The Wolves Within", and "Tale Of Two Wolves", is a story of a grandfather using a metaphor of two wolves fighting within him to explain his inner conflicts to his grandson. When his grandson asks which wolf wins, the grandfather answers whichever he chooses to feed is the one that wins. Many variations of the story exist: replacing wolves with dogs, changing the nature of the conflict, and so on.


title: Two Wolves

text: Casey: "There are two wolves" ... You told me this story my entire life, and now I'm telling you: There are two wolves and they are always fighting. One is darkness and despair, the other is light and hope. Which wolf wins?


title: Two Wolves

text: The 2007 film "Pathfinder" also includes the story. The character Starfire, an indigenous American, speaks of the two wolves to Ghost, the son of a Viking, who is adopted into a neighboring tribe:<poem>


title: Two Wolves

text: There are similar stories told by Christian ministers appearing in print prior to the story of the Two Wolves that refer to dogs instead of wolves.


title: Two Wolves

text: An early variation of this story was published in "The Daily Republican", Monongahela, Pennsylvania, November 16, 1962. William J. Turner Jr. prefaced a meditation on "two natures within" (Romans 7:18–19) with this illustration: "A man traveling through the mountains came upon an old mountaineer who had two dogs. Both dogs were the same size, and they fought continually. The visitor asked the mountaineer which dog usually won. The old fellow studied for a moment, spat over the fence, and said, 'The one I feeds the most.'"


title: Two Wolves

text: The Baptist pastor John R. Bisagno in "The Power of Positive Praying" (Xulon Press, 1965) gave a version in which a missionary is told by a Mohave Indian convert named Joe that he has a black dog and a white dog always fighting inside him, and that the dog which Joe feeds the most will win.


title: Two Wolves

text: In "I'm a Good Man, but…" (1969), Fritz Ridenour writes: "A supposedly true story from the mission field pretty well sums it up. The missionary was talking to the old Indian about what it was like to be a Christian and the Indian said that being a Christian was like having two dogs inside of him fighting. There was the bad dog (sin) and the good dog (righteousness). 'Which is winning?' asked the missionary. 'The one I feed the most.'"


title: Two Wolves

text: In "How to Win Souls and Influence People for Heaven" (1973), George Godfrey recounts a tale where an Indian convert says that in his chest he has a white dog that wants to do good, and a black dog that wants to do bad, which are always fighting with each other. After the missionary asks which one wins, he says that the one that he feeds wins.


title: Two Wolves

text: In "The Presbyterian Journal", Volume 34 (1975), George Aiken Taylor writes: "[…] two dogs fighting in the soul. 'Which one will win?' asked the convert. 'The one you feed the most,' answered the missionary."


title: Two Wolves

text: A later variation of this story was published by the Reverend Billy Graham in his book "The Holy Spirit: Activating God's Power in Your Life", which attributed the legend to "an Eskimo fisherman," about an Inuk with a black dog and a white dog that he used for match fixing by only feeding the one he wanted to win.


title: Two Wolves

text: The 1998 book "Experiencing the Soul: Before Birth, During Life, After Death", by Eliot Rosen, uses the story to conclude the first chapter: "A Native American Elder once described his own inner struggles in this manner: 'Inside of me there are two dogs. One of the dogs is mean and evil. The other dog is good. The mean dog fights the good dog all the time.' When asked which dog wins, he reflected for a moment and replied, 'The one I feed the most.'"


title: Shubhangi Atre

text: Shubhangi Atre Poorey (born 11 April 1981) is an Indian television actress. Atre debuted in acting with Ekta Kapoor's "Kasautii Zindagii Kay" where she played Palchinn Basu. She went on to earn numerous recognition and awards success for starring as the titular lead, Kasturi, in Kapoor's "Kasturi" (2007–09), Preeti in the Indian Drama serial "Do Hanson Ka Jodaa" (2009-2010) and Angoori Tiwari in the Hindi sitcom "Bhabiji Ghar Par Hain!" (2016–present), that ranks among the longest running Indian comedy sitcoms.


title: Shubhangi Atre

text: Atre was born on 11 April 1981. She hails from Indore and has an MBA degree (Master of Business Administration).


title: Shubhangi Atre

text: Before coming to the TV industry, Atre shot for a shampoo brand (regional product). It was an ad for print.


title: Shubhangi Atre

text: After marriage, she started her acting career in 2006, when producer Ekta Kapoor gave her a role in "Kasautii Zindagii Kay." She was then seen in a lead role in "Kasturi". After that, she played a negative character in "Havan". In 2013, Atre replaced Shilpa Shinde in popular sitcom "Chidiya Ghar". Coincidentally, she again replaced her three years later, in April 2016, as Angoori Tiwari in the show "Bhabiji Ghar Par Hain!" on &TV. The same year, she also portrayed the role of Devsena in "Adhuri Kahaani Hamari" on &TV. Eventually, she became a household name from "Bhabiji Ghar Par Hai!".


title: Shubhangi Atre

text: Shilpa Shinde, who was playing the character of Angoori, made an allegation that Atre was copying her. To clarify this, Atre said that she was adopting the mannerisms of Angoori, and was not copying Shinde. Atre also said:


title: Shubhangi Atre

text: Atre received mixed reviews from audiences for portraying "Angoori". The Times of India praised Shubhangi Atre as 'Angoori Bhabi' by saying that she is doing a fantastic work.


title: Shubhangi Atre

text: Atre married Piyush Poorey in 2000, with whom she has a daughter. She is a music lover. She is a fan of Salman Khan.


title: Shubhangi Atre

text: Atre's catchphrase ""Sahi Pakade Hain"" (You Caught It Right) from her serial "Bhabi Ji Ghar Par Hai!" became popular. About the catchphrase, Atre told that:


title: Yardie

text: Yardie (or Yaadi) is a term often used, particularly within the Caribbean expatriate and Jamaican diaspora, to refer to people of Jamaican origin, though its exact meaning changes depending on context. The term is derived from the Jamaican patois for home or "yard". The term may have specifically originated from the crowded "government yards" of two-storey concrete homes found in Kingston and inhabited by poorer Jamaican residents, though "yard" can also refer to "home" or "turf" in general in Jamaican patois.


title: Yardie

text: Outside of Jamaica, "yardies" is often used to refer to Jamaican gangs or organized crime groups and gangsters of Jamaican origin, nationality, or ethnicity. In this sense, the term is sometimes used interchangeably with the term "posse" or "Jamaican posse" to refer to crime groups of Jamaican origin, with the term "posse" used more frequently in North America and "Yardies" being used more frequently in the United Kingdom. Yardie gangs or Jamaican "posses" are involved in a wide array of criminal activity depending on their location, ranging from political corruption, political violence, and assassination in Jamaica to drug trafficking and gang violence in the US, Canada, and UK.


title: Yardie

text: Derived from Jamaican Patois, the term "yardie" can be ambiguous, having multiple meanings depending on context. In the most innocuous sense, "yardie" can simply refer to a Jamaican national; as "yard" can mean "home" in Jamaican Patois, Jamaican expatriates who moved abroad to countries such as the U.K. and U.S. would often refer to themselves and other Jamaicans as "yardies". "Yardie" may also more specifically apply to those Jamaicans originating in the impoverished "government yards" or courtyards of Jamaican public housing, and the term was eventually applied to criminals and gang members originating from these "yards." As the term "yard" in Jamaican Patois can also refer to a territory, turf, or piece of land, "yardie" further gained gang or criminal connotations as Jamaican gangs or criminals claimed certain "territories" or "turf" and referred to such territory as their "yards." Subsequently, in the U.K. and, to a lesser extent, North America, the term "Yardie" most frequently refers to gangsters or gangs of Jamaican origin, though these gang members themselves may refer to their gangs as "posses" or "crews." The term is especially common in the U.K. to describe Jamaican or British Jamaican organized crime groups and gangs, while "posse" has become the more common term in North America.


title: Yardie

text: In the 1950s in Trenchtown, Kingston, Jamaica, the government created social housing developments employing large public courtyards, and the courtyard areas soon became the hub of social and recreational activity in the crowded housing of Trenchtown. With increasing overcrowding and poverty, however, squatting and homelessness developed within the yards. Crime, drug abuse, and violence overran the yards, while political corruption and clientelism led to local politicians buying and selling patronage within the community and paying gangs and violent political supporters to intimidate voters and threaten, assault, or kill political opponents.


title: Yardie

text: By the 1970s and 1980s, political violence and politically affiliated organized crime groups and street gangs became increasingly common in poorer areas of Jamaica, with gangs often led by older bosses known as "dons" (in reference to the Sicilian Mafia don) and participating in apolitical drug trafficking and racketeering in addition to political violence and political intimidation. These gangs became known as "Yardies," "posses", or "crews". Accounts of the association between Jamaican political factions and the rise of the Yardies are given in the factual books "Ruthless" by Geoff Small and "Born Fi' Dead" by Laurie Gunst.


title: Yardie

text: By the 1980s, a drop in government budgets resulted in less money being paid by political parties to their gangs of armed supporters. These political Yardie gangs thus increasingly turned to apolitical criminal activity, such as drug trafficking, to bring in income. At the same time, the Jamaican government severely cracked down on Yardie gangs and political violence in general, leading many so-called Yardie gangsters to immigrate abroad and establish gangs the U.K., U.S., and Canada. The establishment of Yardie gangs abroad coincided with the rise of crack cocaine in both North America and the U.K., and Yardie and Posse gangs from Jamaica became heavily involved in the trafficking of crack cocaine and other drugs, in addition to illegal gambling and other criminal activity.


title: Yardie

text: During the 1950s, the British government encouraged immigration to the country to fill existing job vacancies. Within the Caribbean community, new arrivals from Jamaica were sometimes referred to as "Yardies" due to reference of Jamaica as "back a yard" (or "back home"). A large influx of inner city Jamaican immigration to Britain during the 1980s led to the rise of gang violence or behaviour on the part of Jamaicans which became known in wider British society as "Yardie culture" and the participants "Yardies". The terms "Yardie gang" or "Yardie gun violence" were largely used by the British media to describe violent crimes in London's black community. The gangs in London are specifically known to have occupied and operated in their infamous grounds of Brixton, Harlesden/Stonebridge, Hackney, Tottenham, Peckham and Notting Hill.


title: Yardie

text: Jamaican-born British writer Victor Headley wrote a bestselling 1992 novel entitled "Yardie". In 2018, British actor Idris Elba made his directorial debut with his feature film "Yardie", based on Headley's book.


title: Yardie

text: Yardie gangs are notorious for their involvement in gun crime and the illegal drug trade, notably marijuana and crack cocaine in the United Kingdom. In 1993, Yardies were blamed for the murder of Police Constable Patrick Dunne, shot dead while patrolling in Clapham. In 2006, Rohan Chung, described as a Jamaican yard gangster was given three life sentences for the murders of Noel Patterson and his daughters, Connie and Lorna Morrison.


title: Yardie

text: British police are hesitant to categorize British Yardie gangs as organized crime, since there appears to be no real structure or central leadership; affiliations between the various Yardie gangs in the UK can be described as loose at best. Academics have noted a tendency to over-label black British crime as "Yardie"-related due to stereotype and social narrative.


title: Yardie

text: A number of operations to combat Yardie gun crime have been set up, notably Operation Trident in the London area. Yardies (or imitating) gangs also appear to be active in Bristol, Birmingham, Aberdeen, Edinburgh and Nottingham but to a lesser extent.


title: Amanda Waller (DC Extended Universe)

text: Amanda Blake Waller is a fictional character in the DC Extended Universe based on the comic books character of the same name created by John Ostrander, Len Wein, and John Byrne. Appearing in the films "Suicide Squad" (2016), "The Suicide Squad" (2021), and "Black Adam" (2022), as well as the TV series "Peacemaker" (2022). She is portrayed by Viola Davis and is a major supporting character in the franchise. A morally ambiguous character as in the comics, Waller is a ruthless, calculating government official who oversees the operations of the Suicide Squad, tasking them with deadly missions. An HBO Max series centered on the character is also under development.


title: Amanda Waller (DC Extended Universe)

text: In the comics, Amanda Waller first appeared in the 1980s as a congressional aide who is placed in charge of the Suicide Squad, with her role and characteristics varying with publication changes such as The New 52. Waller hads often been featured in other media based on DC Comics, with voice actresses CCH Pounder, Sheryl Lee Ralph, and Tisha Campbell voicing the character in cartoons and animated films such as "Justice League Unlimited," "Young Justice", the DC Animated Movie Universe, and "Harley Quinn", as well as being portrayed in live action by Pam Grier in "Smallville", Cynthia Addai-Robinson in the Arrowverse, and Angela Bassett in the film "Green Lantern".


title: Amanda Waller (DC Extended Universe)

text: Actress Viola Davis was cast to play Waller in "Suicide Squad", which is set in the DC Extended Universe. Davis stated of her character: "She's a strategist. She’s a manipulator. She doesn’t fly in the sky or swim in the water. She's just a regular person who can manipulate these superheroes. And I love that." She also singled out her psychology and strength and described her as a "powerful black woman, hard, ready to pick up a gun and shoot anyone at will," in addition to "relentless in her villainy" and noted that her powers are "her intelligence and her complete lack of guilt."


title: Amanda Waller (DC Extended Universe)

text: Davis read "Confessions of a Sociopath" in order to prepare for the role. She stated that her experience working on the film was unique for her, as director David Ayer and other cast members utilized unorthodox acting techniques during filming. In one instance, Ayer made her call Rick Flag actor Joel Kinnaman a "pussy" and "bitch", which as she described, made her "feel like a straight up thug, and it made Rick Flagg want to kick my ass. So David got what he wanted." Kinnaman later confirmed he felt "betrayed" by Davis' words, but that it was what Ayer wanted his character to feel at that moment. In a later interview, she said that during the early stages of filming, Joker actor Jared Leto had a "henchman" leave a dead pig on a table in the rehearsal room, unsettling Davis until she "snapped out of it" and used the incident to motivate her own performance, and that Leto had also given Margot Robbie, who portrayed Harley Quinn, a live black rat in a box. Davis commented that Robbie "screamed, and then she kept it."


title: Amanda Waller (DC Extended Universe)

text: Davis reprised the role in "The Suicide Squad", "Peacemaker", and "Black Adam". She has also entered talks to star in an HBO Max series centered on her character.


title: Amanda Waller (DC Extended Universe)

text: Amanda Waller is introduced in "Suicide Squad" as an FBI official in charge of A.R.G.U.S.. She is shown to be in contact with vigilantes such as Bruce Wayne / Batman, to whom she provides intelligence in order for him to apprehend criminals such as Floyd Lawton / Deadshot. Following the death of Superman, Waller, concerned that the "next Superman" may not "share his moral code," creates Task Force X, later known as the "Suicide Squad", by enlisting incarcerated metahumans and other extraordinary criminals such as Deadshot, Harley Quinn, Captain Boomerang, El Diablo, and Killer Croc. She also attempts to enlist June Moon / Enchantress and Slipknot, but Enchantress goes rogue and creates a global threat while Slipknot is executed for desertion by squad leader Rick Flag during the squad's mission to contain Enchantress. The squad is forced to rescue Waller, much to their chagrin, as she is attempting to cover up her role in Enchantress' escape.


title: Amanda Waller (DC Extended Universe)

text: After the team neutralizes Enchantress, freeing Moon from her possession, Waller rewards most of its members except Captain Boomerang with 10 years reduced from their sentences and various gifts. She later meets in-person with Bruce Wayne, giving him classified government documents on several metahumans including Arthur Curry and Barry Allen so he can recruit them for his own team, in exchange for Wayne protecting her reputation and concealing her involvement with Task Force X.


title: Amanda Waller (DC Extended Universe)

text: Waller deploys two Task Force X groups in Corto Maltese following a coup to disrupt the country’s "Project Starfish", revealed to be a mission to conceal America’s role in the project. The first squad, led by Flag and also including Harley Quinn, Captain Boomerang, and several others, attacks via amphibious warfare and save for Flag, Quinn, T.D.K., and Weasel, is annihilated by Corto Maltese defenses, with Quinn being captured and T.D.K. and Weasel being left for dead. Waller personally executes Savant for desertion by remotely detonating an explosive planted in his head. The second squad, consisting of Robert DuBois / Bloodsport, whom Waller personally blackmails into joining by threatening to incarcerate his daughter, Chris Smith / Peacemaker, Cleo Cazo / Ratcatcher 2, and Abner Krill / Polka-Dot Man, infiltrates while the Corto Maltese military is distracted by the first squad.


title: Amanda Waller (DC Extended Universe)

text: As the second squad rescues Flag and Quinn before converging on the location of Project Starfish, it is revealed by Thinker, who had been hired by Corto Maltese to oversee the project, that Waller had assembled this squad not only to destroy it, but to scrub any evidence of American involvement in the project, and that Peacemaker was specifically planted to ensure no one leaked this secret. The ensuing scuffle results in Peacemaker killing Flag and almost killing Cazo before Bloodsport subdues him, in addition to Starro, the giant, starfish-like alien at the center of "Project Starfish", breaking out and wreaking havoc on the island. Waller orders the remaining squad members to evacuate, but they defy her orders out of concern for Corto Maltese's citizens. Enraged, Waller threatens to execute them all before her subordinates Emilia Harcourt and John Economos knock her out and give the squad the go-ahead to save Corto Maltese from Starro. After they kill the giant alien, Bloodsport is able to negotiate with Waller to let the squad go free, using the evidence he took of American involvement in Project Starfish as a bargaining chip.