title: McKinsey 7S Framework

text: In 1980, Waterman joined Peters, and, along with Waterman's friend Tony Athos and Richard Pascale - both academics - came together at a two-day retreat in San Francisco to develop what would become known as the 7S Framework, the same framework that would organize "In Search of Excellence". In June 1980, Peters published an op-ed in the "Manager's Journal" section of the "Wall Street Journal" titled "The Planning Fetish." In this article, he "stressed the importance of execution and dismissed the whole idea of strategy." As strategy was McKinsey's main operation at the time, this was seen as a "frontal assault" on the company, leading Mike Bulkin, the head of the New York office, to demand that Daniel fire Peters.


title: McKinsey 7S Framework

text: The primary "innovative" theme that undergirded what would become the well-known book "In Search of Excellence" book was that "structure is not organization." This also happened to be the title of a 1980 journal article authored by Bob Waterman, Tom Peters, and Julien Phillips in which they argue that the "picture of the thing is not the thing... An organizational structure is not an organization." This article also introduced what would become the McKinsey 7S Framework.


title: McKinsey 7S Framework

text: The work of Peters, Waterman, Athos, and Pascale leading up to the widely successful "In Search of Excellence", not only elaborated the eight themes that would form each chapter, but also the 7 S's frame the different ways in which the firms profiled in the book were "excellent."


title: McKinsey 7S Framework

text: Athos and Pascale, although not named as co-authors of the 1982 publication of "In Search of Excellence", published their own study in a 1981 book titled "The Art of Japanese Management". This book used the 7S Framework to compare the Japanese firm Matsushita with the American company ITT. Just as Peters emphasized throughout his writing, the important distinction between American and Japanese management was not the so-called "hard" technical aspects of organization, but rather the "soft" cultural aspects.


title: Hostel (2022 film)

text: Hostel is a 2022 Indian Tamil-language comedy horror film directed by Sumanth Radhakrishnan and produced by Trident Arts. The film is a remake of the 2015 Malayalam film "Adi Kapyare Kootamani" co-written and directed by John Varghese. The film stars Ashok Selvan and Priya Bhavani Shankar with a supporting cast including Sathish, Nassar and Munishkanth. The film's music is composed by Bobo Shashi, with cinematography handled by Praveen Kumar and editing done by Ragul. The film was released in theatres on 28 April 2022.


title: Hostel (2022 film)

text: Adhirshtalakshmi encounters Kathir in the park and realizes that he is hit by financial issues. She offers a huge sum to get him out of the trouble and in return, asks him to take her into the boys hostel where he stays. Kathir finds it a fair deal and takes her into the hostel as promised. What follows is a fun ride as she gets trapped in there among the bunch of hostelites, the strict warden and his assistant Sathappan. Why Adhirshtalakshmi wanted to enter the hostel and what's so mysterious about the place form the rest of the film's story.


title: Hostel (2022 film)

text: The soundtrack and score is composed by Bobo Shashi and the album featured one song. The audio rights were acquired by Muzik 247.


title: Hostel (2022 film)

text: The film opened to mixed reviews. Logesh Balachandran of "The Times of India" rated the film with 2/5 stars, stating that, "While the original had its one-liners and comedy of errors rightly placed, the remake is bit chaotic and looks like its lost in translation." Siby Jeyya of "India Herald" wrote, "The film, which was a smash blockbuster in Malayalam, could have been even better if it had been more subdued." Navein Darshan of "Cinema Express" gave the rating 1.5 out of 5 stars and called the film "a problematic dull horror comedy".


title: Cuvée

text: Cuvée () is a French wine term that derives from "cuve", meaning vat or tank. Wine makers use the term "cuvée" with several different meanings, more or less based on the concept of a tank of wine put to some purpose.


title: Cuvée

text: "Cuvée" on wine labels generally denotes wine of a specific blend or batch. Since the term "cuvée" for this purpose is unregulated, and most wines have been stored in a vat or tank at some stage of production, the presence of the word "cuvée" on a label of an arbitrary producer is no guarantee of superior quality. However, discerning producers who market both regular blends and blends they call ""cuvée"..." usually reserve the word for special blends or selected vats of higher quality—at least in comparison to that producer's regular wines. Particularly terms like "cuvée speciale", or "tête de cuvée" (the latter especially in Sauternes AOC) are supposed to indicate higher quality. In this context, higher-quality than ordinary cuvées are often referred to as "reserve wines", while a "cuvée" lower in quality than the main one is a "second wine".


title: Cuvée

text: In some regions, "cuvée" specifically means a blend, i.e., a wine produced from a mixture of several grape varieties, rather than from a single variety. This is especially true outside France.


title: Cuvée

text: In Champagne, and sometimes other regions, producing sparkling wines by the traditional method, "cuvée" also refers to the best grape juice from gentle pressing of the grapes. In Champagne, the cuvée is the first 2,050 litres of grape juice from 4,000 kg of grapes (a "marc"), while the following 500 litres are known as the "taille" (tail), and are expected to give wines of a coarser character. Many Champagne producers pride themselves on only using the cuvée in their wine.


title: Cuvée

text: The term can also apply to beer, or to chocolate to refer to a batch that is blended by the manufacturers to produce a certain taste. Many lambics and gueuzes—sour beers with wine-like characteristics—are marketed as "cuvée". When referring to beer, ale, or chocolate the term has no defined meaning, but is meant to evoke images of higher quality—similar to the use of "reserve" for wine in areas where the term is not regulated by law.


title: Cuvée

text: The term can also apply to cognac. For instance, 3.140 "cuvée", which is not labelled with the standard classifications of VS, VSOP or XO a minimum of six years before bottling.


title: Mukhtar al-Thaqafi

text: Al-Mukhtar ibn Abi Ubayd al-Thaqafi (, ""; – 3 April 687) was a pro-Alid revolutionary based in Kufa, who led a rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate in 685 and ruled over most of Iraq for eighteen months during the Second Fitna.


title: Mukhtar al-Thaqafi

text: Born in Ta'if, Mukhtar moved to Iraq at a young age and grew up in Kufa. Following the death of Husayn ibn Ali, a grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, at the hands of the Umayyad army in the Battle of Karbala in 680, he allied with the rival caliph Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr in Mecca, but the alliance was short-lived. Mukhtar returned to Kufa where he declared Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya, a son of caliph Ali (r. 656–661) and brother of Husayn, the mahdi and the imam, and called for the establishment of an Alid caliphate and retaliation for Husayn's killing. He took over Kufa in October 685, after expelling its Zubayrid governor, and later ordered the execution of those involved in the killing of Husayn. Hostile relations with Ibn al-Zubayr ultimately led to Mukhtar's death by the forces of the Zubayrid governor of Basra, Mus'ab ibn al-Zubayr, following a four-month siege.


title: Mukhtar al-Thaqafi

text: Although Mukhtar was defeated, his movement would have far-reaching consequences. After his death, his followers formed a radical Shi'a sect, later known as the Kaysanites, who developed several novel doctrines and influenced later Shi'a ideology. Mukhtar raised the social status of "mawali" (non-Arab local converts to Islam) and they became an important political entity. The "mawali" and Kaysanites went on to play a significant role in the Abbasid Revolution sixty years later. Mukhtar was important as an early proponent of treating Arab and non-Arab Muslims on an equal footing. He is a controversial figure among Muslims; condemned by many as a false prophet, but revered by Shi'a because of his support for the Alids. Modern historians' views range from regarding him as a sincere revolutionary to an ambitious opportunist.


title: Mukhtar al-Thaqafi

text: Mukhtar was born in Ta'if in 622 CE (the year that the Islamic prophet Muhammad migrated to Medina) to Abu Ubayd al-Thaqafi, a Muslim army commander from the Banu Thaqif tribe, and Dawma bint Amr ibn Wahb ibn Muattib. Following Muhammad's death in 632, Abu Bakr became caliph. He died two years later and was succeeded by Umar, who expanded the Muslim conquests initiated by Abu Bakr, and sent Mukhtar's father Abu Ubayd to the Iraqi front. Abu Ubayd was killed at the Battle of the Bridge in November 634. Mukhtar, then thirteen years old, remained in Iraq after the Muslim conquest of this region, and was raised by his uncle Sa'd ibn Masud al-Thaqafi. Umar was assassinated by the Persian slave Abu Lu'lu'a Firuz in 644, after which his successor, Uthman, ruled for twelve years before being assassinated by rebels in 656.


title: Mukhtar al-Thaqafi

text: After Uthman's death, Ali, a cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, became caliph and moved the capital from Medina to Kufa, where Mukhtar held some minor office under him, and Mukhtar's uncle became governor of nearby al-Mada'in. A few companions of Muhammad, including Mu'awiya, the governor of Syria, refused to recognise Ali's authority, and war broke out. The Battle of Siffin ended in stalemate (July 657), when Ali's forces refused to fight in response to Mu'awiya's calls for arbitration. Ali reluctantly agreed to talks but a faction of his forces, later called Kharijites, broke away in protest, condemning Ali's acceptance of arbitration as blasphemous. Arbitration could not settle the dispute between Mu'awiya and Ali and the latter was subsequently murdered by a Kharijite in January 661.


title: Mukhtar al-Thaqafi

text: Ali's eldest son Hasan became caliph, but Mu'awiya challenged his authority and invaded Iraq. While Hasan was mobilizing his troops, he was injured by a Kharijite near al-Mada'in and was brought to the home of Mukhtar's uncle. There, Mukhtar reportedly recommended that Hasan be handed over to Mu'awiya in return for political favour, but was rebuffed by his uncle. In August 661, Hasan abdicated the caliphate to Mu'awiya in a peace treaty and the capital was transferred to Damascus. A few years before his death, Mu'awiya nominated his son Yazid as his successor, thus founding the Umayyad Caliphate. Yazid's nomination angered Alid partisans, because it was seen as the violation of the peace treaty, which stipulated that Mu'awiya would not nominate a successor. Scant information exists about Mukhtar's early life and he only rose to prominence when he was aged around sixty.


title: Mukhtar al-Thaqafi

text: Upon Yazid's accession in April 680, pro-Alid Kufans urged Husayn ibn Ali, the younger brother of now deceased Hasan, to lead a revolt against Yazid. Husayn subsequently sent his cousin Muslim ibn Aqil to assess the political environment in Kufa. Mukhtar hosted Ibn Aqil at his house before the arrival of Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad. The latter was appointed to replace Mukhtar's father-in-law, Nu'man ibn Bashir, as governor due to Ibn Bashir's benign attitude toward Ibn Aqil and his followers. As a result of Ibn Ziyad's suppression and political maneuvering, Ibn Aqil's following started melting away and he was forced to declare the revolt prematurely. Mukhtar was not in the city at the time. After hearing the news, he attempted to gather supporters from Kufa's environs, but Ibn Aqil's revolt was defeated and he was executed before Mukhtar returned to the city. Mukhtar was arrested and brought to the governor but he denied involvement in the revolt. While Mukhtar was imprisoned, Husayn was slain by Ibn Ziyad's forces at the Battle of Karbala on 10 October 680. Mukhtar was afterward released upon the intervention of Abdullah ibn Umar, an influential son of the second caliph and Mukhtar's brother-in-law, and ordered to leave Kufa.


title: Mukhtar al-Thaqafi

text: By this time, Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, a son of Muhammad's companion Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, secretly started taking allegiance in Mecca and came to control the entire Hejaz (western Arabia). Having left Kufa, Mukhtar headed for Mecca and offered allegiance to Ibn al-Zubayr on the condition that he be consulted about important matters and awarded a high post, which Ibn al-Zubayr refused. Mukhtar then left for Ta'if and, after one year, Ibn al-Zubayr, persuaded by his advisers, accepted Mukhtar's homage under the same terms. When Yazid dispatched an army to retake Mecca in 683, Mukhtar participated in the city's defence. After Yazid died in November, the Umayyad army retreated and Ibn al-Zubayr openly proclaimed his caliphate. Mukhtar was informed by people coming from Kufa that the city had come under Ibn al-Zubayr's control but many Kufans were looking for an independent leader of their own. He claimed that he was the man they were looking for. While in Mecca, he sought permission from Ali's son, Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, to avenge Husayn's death and secure power for Ibn al-Hanafiyyah. The latter responded that he neither approved nor disapproved of such an action, but bloodshed should be avoided. Earlier, he had made the same offer to Husayn's son Ali Zayn al-Abidin but was refused. Five months after Yazid's death, he returned to Kufa without informing Ibn al-Zubayr, who he thought had not kept his promise. Some accounts state that Ibn al-Zubayr himself sent him to Kufa as governor with instructions to gather force capable of resisting Umayyad attempts to reconquer Iraq. This is considered unlikely by the modern historians.


title: Mukhtar al-Thaqafi

text: In Kufa, Mukhtar began recruiting people to take revenge against the killers of Husayn, promising them victory and fortune. At the same time, Sulayman ibn Surad, a companion of Muhammad and an Alid supporter, was rallying a group of Kufans, who called themselves Tawwabin, to fight the Umayyads to atone for their failure to support Husayn during the Battle of Karbala. The Tawwabin movement created difficulties for Mukhtar. Most pro-Alid Kufans supported Ibn Surad because he was Muhammad's companion, and as a result, Mukhtar was unable to attract many recruits. He criticised the Tawwabin's actions as premature and destined for failure, arguing that Ibn Surad was old, weak, and militarily inexperienced. He then claimed that he was a lieutenant of Ibn al-Hanafiyyah, whom he called the Mahdi (Messiah). He convinced many Alid partisans, including some five hundred "mawali" (sing. "mawlā"; local converts to Islam), that he was working under the orders of the Mahdi.


title: Mukhtar al-Thaqafi

text: Doubting the authenticity of Mukhtar's claims, a group of Alid partisans from Kufa went to Mecca seeking verification from Ibn al-Hanafiyyah. He replied in an ambiguous manner that he was satisfied with anyone whom God uses to take revenge on enemies of the family of the prophet. They interpreted this as confirmation of Mukhtar's claims and returned to join him. To win over the hitherto unpersuaded Ibrahim ibn al-Ashtar, an influential Alid partisan and head of the Nakhai tribe, Mukhtar presented him with a letter, which he claimed was authored by Ibn al-Hanafiyyah. In it, Ibn al-Hanafiyyah ostensibly called himself the Mahdi and urged Ibn al-Ashtar to support Mukhtar. After expressing some doubts, Ibn al-Ashtar eventually joined him. The letter was likely fabricated, and Ibn al-Hanafiyyah seems to have had no involvement in the revolt. He tolerated the use of his name, however, and did not disapprove of Mukhtar's activities. Nonetheless, when he wanted to visit his followers in Kufa, he was deterred by a rumour, floated by Mukhtar upon hearing this news, that the true Mahdi would not die if struck by a sword.


title: Mukhtar al-Thaqafi

text: Ibn al-Zubayr appointed Abd Allah ibn Yazid as governor of Kufa in 684. Fearful of Mukhtar, Ibn Yazid imprisoned him. Some time later, Abdullah ibn Umar interceded for Mukhtar, who promised to refrain from anti-government activity and was released.


title: Mukhtar al-Thaqafi

text: After his release Mukhtar resumed his revolutionary activities. The Tawwabin were defeated by the Umayyads at the Battle of Ayn al-Warda in January 685, and most of the pro-Alid Kufans shifted allegiance to Mukhtar. Ibn al-Zubayr replaced Ibn Yazid with Abd Allah ibn Muti as governor to contain the expected agitation but to no avail. Mukhtar and his followers planned to overthrow the governor and seize control of Kufa on Thursday, 19 October 685. On the evening of 17 October Mukhtar's men clashed with government forces. Mukhtar signaled an early declaration of revolt to his troops by lighting fires. By the evening of Wednesday, 18 October, the government's forces were defeated. Ibn Muti went into hiding and later, with help from Mukhtar, escaped to Basra. The next morning, Mukhtar received allegiance from Kufans in the mosque on the basis of, "Book of God, Sunnah of the Prophet, revenge for the Prophet's family, defence of the weak and war on sinners".


title: Mukhtar al-Thaqafi

text: Support for Mukhtar's revolt came from two divergent groups: the Arab tribal nobility and the "mawali". At first, he attempted to reconcile their differences and appease both. Most government positions, including the governorships of Mosul and al-Mada'in, were awarded to Arabs. "Mawali", hitherto treated as lower-grade citizens, were entitled to war booty and army salaries and allowed to ride horses. He announced that any "mawali" slaves who joined him would be freed, resulting in increased support from this group. His personal guard was also staffed by "mawali" led by Abu Amra Kaysan. Nobles, however, were disturbed by his policies toward the "mawali". At this stage he controlled most of Iraq and its dependencies including Arminiya, Adharbayjan, Jibal and parts of the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia). Efforts by his supporters to take Basra, which was under Zubayrid control, did not succeed. By then Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan had taken reigns of the Umayyad power in Syria and was struggling to regain control of the lost provinces.


title: Mukhtar al-Thaqafi

text: One year after the Battle of Ayn al-Warda, the Umayyad army occupied Mosul and headed for Kufa. Mukhtar sent three thousand cavalrymen under the command of Yazid ibn Anas. On 17 July 686, they defeated the Umayyad army, twice their size, near Mosul. That evening, after ordering the execution of all the Syrian captives, Ibn Anas died of an illness. Having lost their commander, the Kufans retreated in the face of another Umayyad army. In Kufa, rumour spread that Mukhtar's forces had been defeated and Ibn Anas slain. In response, Mukhtar deployed seven thousand reinforcements headed by Ibn al-Ashtar. Taking advantage of the troops' absence, the Kufan nobility, whose relations with Mukhtar had grown estranged due to his favouritism toward the "mawali", attempted to topple Mukhtar by besieging his palace. They accused him of robbing their prestige: Despite the siege, Mukhtar was able to recall Ibn al-Ashtar. Three days after its departure from Kufa, Ibn al-Ashtar's army returned and defeated the revolt.


title: Mukhtar al-Thaqafi

text: After eliminating his opposition, Mukhtar enacted punitive measures against those involved in the battle of Karbala. He executed most of them, including Umar ibn Sa'd and Shimr ibn Ziljawshan. Many others were killed under the pretext of their direct or indirect involvement in the battle, while about ten thousand Kufans fled to Basra. The houses of many absconders were destroyed. This further reduced Arab support for Mukhtar and he became increasingly reliant on "mawali".


title: Mukhtar al-Thaqafi

text: Two days after reasserting control over Kufa, Mukhtar dispatched Ibn al-Ashtar with a thirteen thousand-strong force to confront the approaching Umayyad army led by Ibn Ziyad. Some of Mukhtar's soldiers carried a chair, circling around it, which they claimed belonged to Ali and would give them victory in the battle. The idea is said to have been Mukhtar's. He had invented it to increase his support among more religious people and compared it to the Ark of the Covenant, but orientalist Julius Wellhausen holds he was not the originator of the concept. He allowed them to carry the chair, as he needed their zeal. The armies met at the banks of Khazir River in early August 686. The Umayyad army was defeated, and many of the senior Umayyad military leaders including Ibn Ziyad and Husayn ibn Numayr al-Sakuni were killed. The exact date of the battle is unknown, although some sources put it on 6 August, coinciding with 10 Muharram, the date of Husayn's death. The death of Ibn Ziyad was seen as the fulfillment of Mukhtar's promise of revenge against Husayn's killers.


title: Mukhtar al-Thaqafi

text: Sometime after expelling Ibn Muti, Mukhtar complained to Ibn al-Zubayr about the failure to keep his promise, despite Mukhtar having served him well. Mukhtar, nonetheless, offered his support if needed. Though Ibn al-Zubayr had considered Mukhtar loyal, the latter refused to surrender his control of Kufa to the caliph's appointed governor, Umar ibn Abd al-Rahman. The governor left the city after being bribed and threatened by Mukhtar.


title: Mukhtar al-Thaqafi

text: In 686, Mukhtar feigned an offer of military support to Ibn al-Zubayr against an impending Umayyad attack on Medina with the ultimate intention of ousting him. Ibn al-Zubayr accepted and requested troops to Wadi al-Qura, a valley north of Medina, but instead, Mukhtar dispatched three thousand fighters under Shurahbil ibn Wars with orders to enter Medina until further notice. Meanwhile, Ibn al-Zubayr sent his confidant Abbas ibn Sahl at the head of a two thousand-strong force with instructions to escort Ibn Wars and his men to Wadi al-Qura in anticipation of the Syrian army and to kill Mukhtar's loyalists if they refused. Ibn Wars indeed refused and was killed along with most of his men. Mukhtar subsequently informed Ibn al-Hanafiyyah of his foiled plan to seize the region for the Alid and offered to send another army to Medina if Ibn al-Hanafiyyah notified the city's inhabitants that Mukhtar was working on his behalf. Ibn al-Hanafiyyah refused, citing his opposition to bloodshed. Nonetheless, Ibn al-Zubayr, after becoming aware of Mukhtar's intentions and fearing a pro-Alid revolt in the Hejaz, detained Ibn al-Hanafiyyah to forcibly gain his allegiance, hoping Mukhtar would follow suit. Ibn al-Hanafiyyah requested help from Mukhtar, who subsequently dispatched a four thousand-strong force to free him. This caused a further deterioration in relations between Mecca and Kufa.


title: Mukhtar al-Thaqafi

text: In 687, Mus'ab ibn al-Zubayr, the governor of Basra and younger brother of Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, launched an assault against Kufa. A sizable portion of his army consisted of Kufan nobles, who had previously fled Mukhtar's punitive measures. The size of Mukhtar's Kufan army is not certain with ranges between three thousand to sixty thousand, depending on the source. The Kufans retreated following their defeat at the battles of Madhar, located along the Tigris between Basra and Kufa, and Harura, a village near Kufa. Mus'ab then besieged Mukhtar's palace for four months. Ibn al-Ashtar, who was then governor of Mosul, did not attempt to relieve Mukhtar, either because he was not called to action, or because he refused Mukhtar's summons. In either case, he later joined Mus'ab. On 3 April 687, Mukhtar came out of the palace accompanied by nineteen supporters, (the remainder had refused to fight), and was killed fighting. Soon afterward, Mukhtar's remaining partisans, totaling about six thousand, surrendered and were executed by Mus'ab. One of Mukhtar's wives, Umrah bint Nu'man ibn Bashir al-Ansari, refused to denounce her husband's views and was consequently executed, while his other wife condemned him and was spared. Mukhtar's hand was cut off and hung on the wall of the mosque. His grave is, reportedly, located inside the shrine of Muslim ibn Aqil, at the back of the Great Mosque of Kufa. Some sources, however, state that Mus'ab had burned his body.


title: Mukhtar al-Thaqafi

text: Though Mukhtar ruled for less than two years, his ideology survived his death. It was during his rule that the "mawali" rose to significance, much to the dissatisfaction of the Kufan Arab nobility. He had proclaimed Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah as the Mahdi and the Imam. This was likely the first reference to the Mahdi in the history of Islam. This idea became influential afterward, particularly in Shi'a Islam, where it became one of its central tenets. He was the first person to introduce the concept of Bada' (change in the divine will), when after defeat at the battle of Madhar, for which he had claimed he was promised victory, he said that God had changed his plan.


title: Mukhtar al-Thaqafi

text: His followers later developed into a distinct Shi'a sect known as the Kaysanites. They introduced the doctrines of Occultation (Ghayba) and Return (Raj'a) of the Mahdi. After the death of Ibn al-Hanafiyyah, some Kaysanites believed that he had not died but was hidden in Mount Radwa and would return some day to rid the world of injustice. Most Kaysanites, however, declared his son Abu Hashim to be their Imam. He then transferred the Imamate to Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdallah ibn Abbas before dying. The Abbasids used this as a propaganda tool during their revolution to boost their legitimacy and appeal to pro-Alid masses. Two of Muhammad ibn Ali's sons, as-Saffah and al-Mansur, would eventually establish the Abbasid Caliphate. Describing similarities between Mukhtar and Abbasid revolutionary Abu Muslim Khorasani, who recruited both Arabs and "mawali" in his army and treated them as equals, Wellhausen writes: "If the doctrine of Raj'a is correct, then the Arab of Khutarnia [Mukhtar] came to life again in the Maula ["mawlā"] of Khutarnia [Abu Muslim]."


title: Mukhtar al-Thaqafi

text: Many Muslims hold Mukhtar a liar who claimed prophethood and consider him an enemy of the Alids, who used their name to gain power, and executed Husayn's killers to consolidate his support among pro-Alids. According to Wellhausen, although he did not explicitly call himself a prophet, the allegations took root because of his boasting and excessive claims, which he made in the rhymed prose style of ancient Arabian soothsayers. Muhammad is reported to have said: "In Thaqif there will be a great liar and destroyer." To them, the liar is Mukhtar and the destroyer is Hajjaj ibn Yusuf. Shi'a, on the other hand, regard him a sincere partisan of Ali and his family, who avenged the murder of Husayn and his company. They maintain that the allegations levelled against him regarding prophethood, his role in the Kaysanites sect, and his lust for power are Umayyad and Zubayrid propaganda. Early Shi'a, however, had a hostile opinion of him, that arose from his attitude toward Hasan and his alleged incompetence during Ibn Aqil's revolt. His proclamation of Ibn al-Hanafiyyah, a non-Fatimid, may also have contributed to this as most Shi'a in later times adhered to the Fatimid line of Alids.


title: Mukhtar al-Thaqafi

text: There are differing accounts of how prominent members of the Alid family viewed Mukhtar. One account holds that Husayn's son and the fourth Shi'a Imam, Ali Zayn al-Abidin, prayed for him after seeing the heads of Ibn Ziyad and Umar ibn Sa'd, while another account holds that he rejected Mukhtar's gifts and called him a liar. Husayn's grandson, Muhammad al-Baqir, praised him: "Do not curse al-Mukhtār, for he killed those who killed us, sought our revenge, married our widows, and distributed wealth among us in times of hardship." Al-Baqir further praised him when Mukhtar's son asked al-Baqir about his opinion of Mukhtar. Husayn's great-grandson, Ja'far al-Sadiq, is reported to have said: "The Hāshimites neither combed nor dyed their hair until al-Mukhtār sent us the heads of those who killed al-Ḥusayn." Ja'far al-Sadiq is also reported to have said that Mukhtar used to lie about Ali Zayn al-Abidin.


title: Mukhtar al-Thaqafi

text: While early historical accounts are unanimous in portraying Mukhtar in a negative light, modern historians hold a variety of views. Wellhausen writes that although Mukhtar did not claim to be a prophet, he made every effort to create the impression that he was one, and spoke in a way as if he sat in the counsel of God. He concludes that Mukhtar was nevertheless a sincere man who tried to eradicate the social differences of his time. He further argues that Mukhtar made extravagant claims and exploited Ibn al-Hanafiyyah's name out of necessity, as he could not have achieved his goal in his own name. He calls him "... one of the greatest men of Islamic history; [who] anticipated the future". Historian Hugh Kennedy writes that Mukhtar was a revolutionary who tried to put together a united Kufan coalition but was beset by internal divisions and let down by the Alid family. Before his death, Mukhtar is reported to have said: Middle East scholar Moshe Sharon describes this as an accurate description of his activities. Professor Abdulaziz Sachedina, on the other hand, calls him an ambitious politician who manipulated the religious sentiments of common people for his own good.


title: Mukhtar al-Thaqafi

text: As with Maqtal-namas narrating the synthesized version of the story of Karbala, various Mukhtar-namas romanticizing the events of the life and movement of Mukhtar were written during the Safavid era. An Iranian television series, "Mokhtar Nameh", based on the Shi'a perspective of his life and revolt, was produced in 2009 garnering significant popularity.


title: Capstone course

text: A capstone course, also known as senior synthesis, capstone unit, capstone module, capstone project, capstone subject, or capstone experience, serves as the culminating and usually integrative experience of an educational program. It may also be referred to as senior seminar (in the U.S.) or final year project (more common in the U.K.).


title: Capstone course

text: Universities and colleges often award a Capstone Award or Capstone Prize based on merit in the capstone course.


title: Capstone course

text: The term derives from the final decorative coping or "cap-stone" used to complete a building or monument. In higher education, the term has been in common use in the USA since the mid-twentieth century, although there is evidence that it was in use as early as the late 1800s. It has gradually been gaining currency in other countries, particularly where attention has focused on student outcomes and employability in undergraduate studies. National grant projects in Australia and the U.K. have further raised the profile of the capstone experience.


title: God bless you

text: God bless you ("variants include" God bless or bless you) is a common English expression generally used to wish a person blessings in various situations, especially to "will the good of another person", as a response to a sneeze, and also, when parting or writing a valediction.


title: God bless you

text: The phrase has been used in the Hebrew Bible by Jews (cf. ), and by Christians, since the time of the early Church as a benediction, as well as a means of bidding a person Godspeed. Many clergy, when blessing their congregants individually or as a group, use the phrase "God bless you".


title: God bless you

text: The locution "God bless you" is used in Christian benedictions. In the Aaronic blessing, "Invoking the name of the Lord in this benediction transferred the name, the identity and presence, of God onto his people." While used by clergy in Christian liturgy (especially during the benediction), the phrase "God bless you" is regularly used among believers with one another, who call upon God to grant the recipient of the phrase favour and protection. In the periodical "Christianity Today", the philosopher Dallas Willard wrote:


title: God bless you

text: "National Geographic" reports that during the Roman Plague of 590, "Pope Gregory I ordered unceasing prayer for divine intercession. Part of his command was that anyone sneezing be blessed immediately ("God bless you"), since sneezing was often the first sign that someone was falling ill with the plague." By AD 750, it became customary to say "God bless you" as a response to one sneezing.


title: God bless you

text: Some have offered an explanation suggesting that people once held the folk belief that a person's soul could be thrown from their body when they sneezed, that sneezing otherwise opened the body to invasion by the Devil or evil spirits, or that sneezing was the body's effort to force out an invading evil presence. In these cases, "God bless you" or "bless you" is used as a sort of shield against evil. The Irish Folk story "Master and Man" by Thomas Crofton Croker, collected by William Butler Yeats, describes this variation. Moreover, in the past some people may have thought that the heart stops beating during a sneeze, and that the phrase "God bless you" encourages the heart to continue beating.


title: God bless you

text: In some cultures, sneezing is seen as a sign of good fortune or God's beneficence. Alternative responses to sneezing exist in various languages.


title: Les Rallizes Dénudés

text: "Les Rallizes Dénudés " was formed in 1967 by a group of students at Kyoto's Doshisha University. Initially, the band planned to record in a studio, but after being dissatisfied with the results, agreed to exclusively play live shows.


title: Les Rallizes Dénudés

text: The band was initially active between 1967 and 1988, and then again briefly between 1993 and 1996 before permanently disbanding. It is believed that the band's name comes from a corruption of "" (literally ""naked suitcases"") which was derived from fake French slang invented by theatrical group "Gendai Gekijo". The band's style is typified by simple, repetitious instrumental passages, shrieking, cacophonous guitar feedback and folk arrangement. Their discography is made up mostly of live bootlegs, soundboard archives, and even a few rare aborted studio recording attempts as they have never officially released any of their material, although there are archive releases on independent labels such as Univive, Rivista, Phoenix, and Bamboo, as well as releases from former members and affiliates of the band.


title: Les Rallizes Dénudés

text: Although the band itself was not explicitly political, members were known to participate in various protests, with the band even performing at a university auditorium while it was held by students during a protest. In 1970, original bassist Moriaki Wakabayashi, who was known to have attended several of these protests, assisted in the hijacking of Japan Airlines Flight 351 orchestrated by the Communist League's "Red Army Faction."


title: Les Rallizes Dénudés

text: Very little is known about the band's frontman Takashi Mizutani, aside from his former affiliation with members of the Japanese Red Army and involvement early on in theater at Doshisha University. After the hijacking of Flight 351, Mizutani became extremely paranoid and went into hiding for many years, only occasionally emerging to play shows. The last public appearances of Takashi Mizutani were two live performances in 1997 with jazz saxophonist Arthur Doyle and drummer Sabu Toyozumi.


title: Les Rallizes Dénudés

text: A film about the band was released on VHS in 1992 by an independent filmmaker named Ethan Mousiké (who many believe to be a pseudonym of Mizutani), consisting of over 2 hours of live footage of the band.


title: Les Rallizes Dénudés

text: In October 2021, an official website was launched for the band by record label "The Last One Musique", claiming to be a collaborative effort by former band members and associates of Mizutani. It announced its intention to release official "Rallizes" recordings with "more alive and striking sound than the bootlegs that have been circulating over twenty years". The website states on its homepage that Mizutani passed away in 2019, and this is further supported by statements from Aquilha Mochiduki (sometimes spelled Mochizuki), a photographer who was very close to Mizutani. In a 2020 interview, former member Makoto Kubota (who is himself credited on the official website) stated that he had recently had a phone call with Mizutani, in which he told him "this is how it is in America right now," referring to the popularity of the band in that country, and that it's even possible for the band to play a large concert there. The article was updated on 28 October 2021 to state that the phone calls had taken place in late 2019.


title: Trent Seven

text: Benjamin Maurice Webb (born 21 August 1981), better known by the ring name Trent Seven, is an English professional wrestler, wrestling promoter, and actor. He was signed to WWE on their NXT UK brand, where he is a former NXT UK Tag Team Champion. He and Tyler Bate formed the tag team Moustache Mountain, who also had won the Progress Tag Team Championship and the RPW Undisputed British Tag Team Championship in the UK, as well as the Chikara Campeonatos de Parejas in the United States. Seven, Bate, and Pete Dunne collectively form the team "British Strong Style". Seven has also competed as a singles competitor, being a one-time ICW World Heavyweight Champion.


title: Trent Seven

text: Benjamin Maurice Webb was born in Wolverhampton on 21 August 1981. He is of Irish descent; his grandfather, Daniel O'Hara (1923–2021), immigrated to Wolverhampton's Tettenhall area from Menlough. He aspired to be an actor until he watched WrestleMania, which made him want to become a wrestler. As a young boy, he and several of his friends would often wrestle each other in their back gardens. In 2008, he decided to train for a career in professional wrestling, and purchased his own wrestling ring to train himself.


title: Trent Seven

text: Webb made his debut at the relatively late age of 29 during an Alternative Wrestling World show in Birmingham in 2010 and adopted the ring name Trent Seven, a play on Severn Trent, the company that supplies water to his home region. In the subsequent years, he split his time between wrestling and a day job.


title: Trent Seven

text: In 2011 and in 2012, Seven traveled to the United States to wrestle for Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW), losing on both occasions. He also traveled to Japan in 2012, working three shows for Big Japan Pro Wrestling, including a show at Korakuen Hall.


title: Trent Seven

text: Despite being a "part timer", Seven was granted a match for the Ring of Honor World Championship during ROH's 2011 tour of the United Kingdom. Seven lost to defending champion Davey Richards on 15 July 2011 on a show promoted by Fight Club Pro (FCP). At some point in 2011 Seven became the first holder of the FCP Championship, holding it until 25 November where he lost the title to Eddie Edwards. In 2013 he won FCP's annual "Infinity Trophy Tournament" when he defeated Mark Haskins in the finals. During an FCP show on 5 February 2016 Trent Seven unsuccessfully challenged Trevor Lee for the TNA X-Division Championship. On 7 January 2017 Moustache Mountain (Seven and Tyler Bate) teamed up with Joel Allen to defeat #CCK (Chris Brookes and Kid Lykos) and Shay Purser, with the win Allen became the title holder of the Attack! 24:7 Championship, only for Allen to lose it the same night.


title: Trent Seven

text: In early 2015, Seven, alongside Bate, debuted in American promotion Chikara as part of their tour of the United Kingdom, defeating The Hunter Brothers in a dark match on 3 April and losing to the Devastation Corporation (Max Smashmaster and Blaster McMassive) in another dark match on 6 April. In their final dark match on the tour, Seven and Bate teamed with Clint Margera to take on Pete Dunne, Damian Dunne and Jimmy Havoc in a losing effort. Seven teamed with Bate and Dan Moloney at that year's King of Trios as Team Fight Club: Pro, making it to the semi-finals before being eliminated by the Bullet Club (AJ Styles, Matt Jackson and Nick Jackson). In 2016, Seven and Bate began competing more regularly in Chikara, and on 21 August they defeated Los Ice Creams (Hijo Del Ice Cream and Ice Cream Jr.), N_R_G (Hype Rockwell and Race Jaxon) and The Devastation Corporation to win the Chikara Campeonatos de Parejas. They were stripped of the title during Chikara's secret season 16.


title: Trent Seven

text: Seven returned to Chikara on 1 September 2017, when he, Tyler Bate and Pete Dunne, billed collectively as "House Strong Style", entered the 2017 King of Trios, defeating House Whitewolf (A-Kid, Adam Chase and Zayas) in their first round match. Over the next two days, House Strong Style defeated House Throwbacks (Dasher Hatfield, Mark Angelosetti and Simon Grimm) in the quarterfinals, House Rot (Frightmare, Hallowicked and Kobald) via forfeit in the semifinals and House Sendai Girls (Cassandra Miyagi, Dash Chisako and Meiko Satomura) in the finals to win the 2017 King of Trios.


title: Trent Seven

text: Trent made his debut for Insane Championship Wrestling in early 2015, facing Mikey Whiplash at the O2 Academy Birmingham. Throughout the rest of the year, Trent would be seen competing on ICW's tour shows around the UK, quickly becoming a fan favorite.


title: Trent Seven

text: In 2016, after returning to enter the 5th Annual Square Go match, Trent challenged Big Damo for the ICW World Heavyweight Championship, before entering into a feud with Mikey Whiplash, eventually leading to a 6 man contest at Shug's Hoose Party 3, between Legion (Mikey Whiplash, Tommy End & Michael Dante) and Moustache Mountain & Lewis Girvan. After Trent picked up the win for his team, Whiplash, who had been campaigning to main event Fear & Loathing XI, stated that he believed Trent Seven was the rightful challenger to the World Heavyweight Championship. In the months that followed, Trent, backed heavily by the ICW fans, campaigned for ICW GM Red Lightning to grant him a shot at the championship. After being disregarded by Lightning, Trent forced the GM to give him a match against Wolfgang at Fear & Loathing XI, with the title on the line inside a Steel Cage.


title: Trent Seven

text: At Fear & Loathing XI, at The SSE Hydro, in front of the largest independent UK wrestling crowd for over 30 years, Trent faced Wolfgang in a Steel Cage match for the ICW World Heavyweight Championship. However, after being overcome with rage, Trent punched Wolfgang with his own knuckleduster on top of the cage, causing Wolfgang to fall to the floor, inadvertently winning the match. After earning himself one more shot at the title by defeating Chris Renfrew, Trent once again faced Wolfgang, at the O2 Academy Newcastle, at the 6th Annual Square Go event, and succeeded in becoming ICW World Heavyweight Champion.


title: Trent Seven

text: Trent would remain ICW World Heavyweight Champion for 2 months, defending the title against the likes of BT Gunn, Pete Dunne, Jack Jester & Jordan Devlin, before losing the title to Joe Coffey at Barramania III. After a few months away, Trent returned briefly at Shug's Hoose Party 4, facing BT Gunn, Wolfgang, & Pete Dunne in a 4 Way Match for the WWE United Kingdom Championship. This match marked the first time the title had been defended on UK soil, outside of a WWE ring.


title: Trent Seven

text: Trent would not return to ICW until almost a year & a half later, at Fear & Loathing XI, where he, Pete Dunne & Tyler Bate lost to the team of Wolfgang, BT Gunn & Noam Dar.


title: Trent Seven

text: Seven debuted with Progress Wrestling at Chapter 28 alongside Tyler Bate, losing to Damian and Pete Dunne. Seven returned at Chapter 32, losing to Rampage Brown. At Chapter 33, Seven turned heel, attacking Tyler Bate and aligning himself with Pete Dunne to form British Strong Style. At Chapter 36, Seven and Dunne defeated The London Riots (James Davis and Rob Lynch) to win the Progress Tag Team Championship, and successfully defended it in a rematch at Chapter 39. By virtue of winning that match, both Seven and Dunne were entered into a seven-man elimination match for the vacant Progress World Championship, which was eventually won by Dunne after Tyler Bate returned and attacked Jimmy Havoc, thus turning heel and aligning himself with Seven and Dunne. On 16 December, Seven and Dunne were stripped of the Progress Tag Team Championship after Dunne attempted to give his half of the shield to Bate. Two weeks later at Chapter 41, Seven and Bate defeated The London Riots and The LDRS of the New School (Marty Scurll and Zack Sabre Jr.) in a three-way tag team match to win the vacant titles.


title: Trent Seven

text: Seven entered the Super Strong Style 16 Tournament in 2017, losing to Matt Riddle in the first round. On night 2, Seven and Dunne defeated David Starr and Pastor William Eaver and on night 3 Seven beat Mark Haskins in a submission match. After successful defending the tag team championship against teams such as the South Pacific Power Trip (TK Cooper and Travis Banks), and the Hunter Brothers, Seven and Bate eventually lost the title at Chapter 50 to #CCK (Chris Brookes and Kid Lykos), before winning it back less than a month later at Chapter 51. On 10 September, Seven and Bate lost the title to #CCK in a ladder match.


title: Trent Seven

text: At Chapter 64, Seven participated in the Thunderbastard match winning by Morgan Webster while Seven was eliminated by TK Cooper. At Chapter 66, Moustache Mountain were unable to win back the Progress Tag Team Championships against Grizzled Young Veterans.


title: Trent Seven

text: At Chapter 76, Seven defeated Doug Williams to win the Progress Atlas Championship. On Chapter 78, Seven defeated Zack Gibson to retain the Progress Atlas Championship.


title: Trent Seven

text: On 15 December 2016, it was revealed that Seven would be one of 16 men competing in a two night tournament to crown the first-ever WWE United Kingdom Champion on 14 and 15 January 2017. Prior to the tournament, Seven, along with Pete Dunne were mentioned among the favorites to win the tournament. In the first round, Seven defeated HC Dyer to advance to the quarter finals, where he was defeated by Wolfgang. Seven signed a contract with WWE, which allowed him to continue taking independent bookings with some restrictions. On 15 February, Seven made his debut in WWE's developmental territory NXT, unsuccessfully challenging Bate for the United Kingdom Championship.


title: Trent Seven

text: On 11 November, Moustache Mountain defeated the team of Pete Dunne and Mark Andrews. On 6 December, Seven was defeated by Killian Dain in a #1 contender's qualifying match for the NXT Championship. On 18 June at United Kingdom Championship, Seven reformed British Strong Style with Bate and Dunne to defeat The Undisputed Era (Adam Cole, Kyle O'Reilly, and Roderick Strong) in a six-man tag team match on 18 June. The following night, Mustache Mountain defeated O'Reilly and Strong to win the NXT Tag Team Championship, but lost the titles back to them two days at the 21 June "NXT" tapings (aired on 11 July) after Bate threw in the towel due to Seven's injured knee being targeted. After Seven's match with Zack Gibson on the 14 November episode of NXT UK, Gallus (Joe Coffey, Mark Coffey, and Wolfgang) would beat up Seven.


title: Trent Seven

text: On 9 December 2021 episode of "NXT UK", Moustache Mountain defeated Pretty Deadly (Lewis Howley and Sam Stoker) to win the NXT UK Tag Team Championship. On 2 June 2022 episode of "NXT UK", Moustache Mountain lost the title against Ashton Smith and Oliver Carter. On 16 June episode of "NXT UK", Seven attacked Bate, thus turning heel for the first time in his WWE career and disbanding the Moustache Mountain.


title: Trent Seven

text: Trent made his All Elite Wrestling debut on the December 7th episode of AEW Rampage. He lost an AEW All-Atlantic Championship match to Orange Cassidy.


title: Trent Seven

text: Webb continues to reside in Wolverhampton. Like his British Strong Style teammates Pete Dunne and Tyler Bate, he became a vegan after watching the 2014 documentary "Cowspiracy".


title: Jenna Morasca

text: Jenna Morasca is an American actress, former swimsuit model, professional wrestler and American reality TV contestant who was the million-dollar grand prize winner of "" in 2003. In 2009, she worked for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling.


title: Jenna Morasca

text: In 2011, Morasca and her then-boyfriend, fellow "Survivor" winner Ethan Zohn, participated in the 19th season of "The Amazing Race". They were one of the two teams eliminated in a double-elimination, finishing tenth for the season.


title: Jenna Morasca

text: Jenna Morasca was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. She is an only child. Before appearing on "Survivor", Morasca was a college student at the University of Pittsburgh, where she was initiated into Zeta Tau Alpha.


title: Jenna Morasca

text: Morasca graduated from South Fayette High School in 1999, and studied at Duquesne University for two years before transferring to University of Pittsburgh.


title: Jenna Morasca

text: Morasca's "Survivor" career began on "", in which she was originally part of the all-female Jaburu tribe. In 2003, Morasca was invited back for "". In 2005, Morasca replaced Richard Hatch as co-host (with Dalton Ross) of CBS's "Survivor Live", an internet talk show devoted to the then-current season of "Survivor". She has since hosted the show throughout five entire seasons - "", "", "", "" and "".


title: Jenna Morasca

text: During one immunity challenge on "Survivor: The Amazon", Morasca and fellow contestant Heidi Strobel stripped off their clothes for peanut butter and chocolate. After making the merge, Morasca was relatively safe at the start as the majority of the tribe chose to vote off outcasts Roger Sexton and Dave Johnson. With eight players remaining, the new alliance of Morasca, Strobel, Alex Bell and Rob Cesternino targeted Deena Bennett, and she was voted out. At the Final Seven, Cesternino betrayed his alliance by voting out Bell. At the Final Six, Morasca and Strobel scrambled to stay in the game, trying to break up the alliance of Cesternino, Matthew von Ertfelda and Butch Lockley. When Christy Smith would not commit to either side, Cesternino convinced Morasca and Strobel to help vote out Smith, who was later voted off. At the Final Five, Strobel was voted out, but Morasca won the next immunity, allowing her to advance to the Final Three. Morasca, Cesternino and von Ertfelda voted out Lockley. Morasca won the key final immunity challenge which gave her the sole power to eliminate either Cesternino or von Ertfelda and eventually eliminated Cesternino. Morasca beat von Ertfelda in a 6–1 vote to become the Sole Survivor. Morasca was the youngest contestant to ever win "Survivor" until Jud "Fabio" Birza won "" in 2010, though Morasca remains the youngest female contestant to win "Survivor".


title: Jenna Morasca

text: As part of the Mogo Mogo tribe on "Survivor: All-Stars", Morasca and her tribe won immunity in the first two episodes. In Episode Three, Morasca decided to quit the game, out of a desire to be with her dying mother, who had been battling cancer for 12 years, making her the third person eliminated from the competition. Her mother died eight days after Morasca returned home.


title: Jenna Morasca

text: Morasca made her professional wrestling debut on the March 12, 2009 episode of Total Nonstop Action Wrestling's "TNA Impact!" program, in a backstage interview with Mick Foley. She then appeared in backstage segments with Kevin Nash and his alliance The Main Event Mafia. It was later revealed by Kurt Angle that Morasca was the financial backer to the Mafia, and the money she provided was used to lure Samoa Joe to the stable, establishing Morasca as a heel in the process. Morasca was regularly seen bickering with fellow Mafia valet Sharmell, leading to a catfight backstage on the edition of May 28 of "Impact!".


title: Jenna Morasca

text: On the July 9 edition of "Impact" it was revealed that Morasca had hired Awesome Kong to train her for her upcoming match against Sharmell at Victory Road where she defeated Sharmell. The match was very poorly received, receiving the "Worst Worked Match of the Year" award for 2009 from readers of the Wrestling Observer Newsletter. "Figure Four Weekly" Bryan Alvarez, reviewing Victory Road for "The Bryan and Vinny Show", called it the worst women's match he had ever seen. Giving it a minus 5-star rating, he said he was unable to remember the last time he had done so because it had been so long since he had seen a match that bad. Reviewing the match for WrestleCrap, "Triple Kelly" Kelly Parmalee called it "the absolute worst wrestling match I have EVER seen in my life" and compared it negatively to "That Jackie Gayda Match" from the July 8, 2002 episode of "Monday Night Raw".


title: Jenna Morasca

text: In 2003, Morasca had a part in the Off Broadway play "Pieces". In 2004, she was on the board of directors for Animal Friends in Pittsburgh. In 2005, she appeared in a minor role in the made-for-TV movie "The Scorned".


title: Jenna Morasca

text: Morasca was a contestant on the February 28, 2005 episode of "Fear Factor", which starred former reality television contestants. She was eliminated in the second round by Omarosa Manigault-Stallworth.


title: Jenna Morasca

text: In October 2006, she appeared in the premiere episode of "Celebrity Paranormal Project" on VH-1, along with other notables such as Gary Busey.


title: Jenna Morasca

text: In 2011, Morasca and her then-boyfriend, fellow "Survivor" winner Ethan Zohn, participated in the 19th season of "The Amazing Race". They checked-in at fourth place in the opening leg. In the second episode, which featured the show's first ever double elimination, Morasca and Zohn arrived at the Pit Stop in ninth place, which would have just spared them from elimination; however, they had to return to the orphanage they visited in that leg to donate all of their money, which resulted in them dropping to tenth-place resulting in their elimination.


title: Jenna Morasca

text: Morasca and Zohn also appeared together as guest sous chefs on the seventh episode of the first season of the Food Network show "" entitled "Stranded: Deserted Island: Impossible", and on the premiere of the fourth season of the "Celebrity Apprentice", in which they supported their former "Survivor" castmate Richard Hatch was a contestant.


title: Jenna Morasca

text: In 2011, Morasca and Zohn also starred in "The Watcher", a 20-minute horror movie included in the "Drive-In Horror Show" series,


title: Jenna Morasca

text: Morasca's strip with fellow contestant Heidi Strobel led to a nude pictorial in the August 2003 "Playboy" magazine.


title: Jenna Morasca

text: She also appeared near-nude in an anti-fur ad for PETA with her boyfriend, "" winner Ethan Zohn, that featured the slogan "We'd Rather Go Naked Than Wear Fur!"


title: Jenna Morasca

text: Morasca modeled swimwear and was the CEO of a model scouting company called Model Challenge USA, which she founded in 2004.


title: Jenna Morasca

text: Morasca began dating fellow "Survivor" champion Ethan Zohn after her victory on "" in 2003. They lived in Manhattan, though not together. In an interview on "Rob Has a Podcast", it was revealed that Morasca and Zohn were considered to return in "", after applying for "The Amazing Race". The couple declined the offer, saying they were not interested in competing against each other. In February 2013, Morasca and Zohn confirmed that they had amicably ended their relationship after ten years together.


title: Jenna Morasca

text: On January 25, 2018, Morasca was arrested in Washington, Pennsylvania and charged with driving under the influence and possession of narcotics paraphernalia. According to the police report, Morasca was unconscious while the vehicle was stopped at a stop sign, with the engine still running. The person sitting in the vehicle's passenger seat was caught by police putting a plastic baggie with syringes in her purse. When paramedics arrived, they administered Naloxone to Morasca, who was physically combative throughout the process, biting a police officer's arm after having been placed in an ambulance. In a January 2021 interview, Morasca implied that reports of the incident were not accurate, saying, "Don't believe everything you read." She later explicitly denied she was arrested or charged, writing on her Instagram, "I'm doing great (and I've NEVER been arrested or got a DUI like a million websites like to say)! I had a tough go after my dad died suddenly, but I was able to get myself together and keep moving forward with the help of an incredible support system."


title: Australian Defence Force ranks

text: The Australian Defence Force's (ADF) ranks of officers and enlisted personnel in each of its three service branches of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN), the Australian Army, and the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) inherited their rank structures from their British counterparts. The insignia used to identify these ranks are also generally similar to those used in the British Armed Forces.


title: Australian Defence Force ranks

text: The following tables show the "equivalent rank and classifications" for the three services, as defined in the ADF Pay and Conditions Manual. "Equivalent rank" means the corresponding rank set out under Regulation 8 of the "Defence Force Regulations 1952".


title: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

text: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage is a long narrative poem in four parts written by Lord Byron. The poem was published between 1812 and 1818. Dedicated to "Ianthe", it describes the travels and reflections of a world-weary young man, who is disillusioned with a life of pleasure and revelry and looks for distraction in foreign lands. In a wider sense, it is an expression of the melancholy and disillusionment felt by a generation weary of the wars of the post-Revolutionary and Napoleonic eras. The title comes from the term "childe", a medieval title for a young man who was a candidate for knighthood.


title: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

text: The poem was widely imitated and contributed to the cult of the wandering Byronic hero who falls into melancholic reverie as he contemplates scenes of natural beauty. Its autobiographical subjectivity was widely influential, not only in literature but in the arts of music and painting as well, and was a powerful ingredient in European Romanticism.


title: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

text: The poem contains elements thought to be autobiographical, as Byron generated some of the storyline from experience gained during his travels through Portugal, the Mediterranean and Aegean Sea between 1809 and 1811. The "Ianthe" of the dedication was the term of endearment he used for Lady Charlotte Harley, about 11 years old when "Childe Harold" was first published. Charlotte Bacon, "née" Harley, was the second daughter of 5th Earl of Oxford and Lady Oxford, Jane Elizabeth Scott. Throughout the poem, Byron, in character of Childe Harold, regretted his wasted early youth, hence re-evaluating his life choices and re-designing himself through going on the pilgrimage, during which he lamented various historical events including the Iberian Peninsular War.


title: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

text: Despite Byron's initial hesitation at having the first two cantos of the poem published because he felt it revealed too much of himself, it was published, at the urging of friends, by John Murray in 1812, and brought both the poem and its author to immediate and unexpected public attention. Byron later wrote, "I awoke one morning and found myself famous". The first two cantos in John Murray's edition were illustrated by Richard Westall, well-known painter and illustrator who was then commissioned to paint portraits of Byron.


title: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

text: Published on March 3, 1812, the first run of 500 quarto copies sold out in three days. There were ten editions of the work within three years. Byron was deeming the work "my best" in 1817, a year before adding a fourth canto.


title: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

text: Byron chose for the epigraph for the 1812 edition title page a passage from "Le Cosmopolite, ou, le Citoyen du Monde" (1753), by , in the original French. Translated into English, the quote emphasizes how the travels have resulted in a greater appreciation of his own country: The universe is a kind of book of which one has read only the first page when one has seen only one's own country. I have leafed through a large enough number, which I have found equally bad. This examination was not at all fruitless for me. I hated my country. All the impertinences of the different peoples among whom I have lived have reconciled me to her. If I had not drawn any other benefit from my travels than that, I would regret neither the expense nor the fatigue.


title: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

text: The poem has four cantos written in Spenserian stanzas, which consist of eight iambic pentameter lines followed by one alexandrine (a twelve syllable iambic line), and has rhyme pattern ABABBCBCC.


title: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

text: Lyrics in a different form occasionally punctuate these stanzas: the farewell to England following Canto I's stanza 13 and later the address "To Inez" following stanza 84; and in Canto II the war song that follows stanza 72. Then in Canto III there is the greeting from Drachenfels following stanza 55.


title: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

text: The youthful Harold, cloyed with the pleasures of the world and reckless of life, wanders about Europe, making his feelings and ideas the subjects of the poem. In Canto I he is in Spain and Portugal, where he recounts the savagery of their invasion by the French. In Canto II he moves to Greece, uplifted by the beauty of its past in a country now enslaved by the Turks. Canto III finds him on the battlefield of Waterloo, from which he journeys down the Rhine and crosses into Switzerland, enchanted by the beauty of the scenery and its historic associations. In Canto IV Harold starts from Venice on a journey through Italy, lamenting the vanished heroic and artistic past, and the subject status of its various regions.


title: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

text: For the long poem he was envisaging, Byron chose not only the Spenserian stanza but also the archaising dialect in which "The Faerie Queene" was written, possibly following the example of Spenser's 18th-century imitators. Thus in the "Pilgrimage"s first three stanzas we find "mote" (as past tense of the verb "might"); "whilome" (once upon a time) and "ne" (not); "hight" (named) and "losel" (good-for-nothing). If such stylistic artificiality was meant to create a distance between hero and author, it failed – protest though Byron might in the preface that his protagonist was purely fictitious. No sooner had Walter Scott read the work than he was commenting in a private letter to Joanna Baillie that "the hero, notwithstanding the affected antiquity of the style in some parts, is a modern man of fashion and fortune, worn out and satiated with the pursuits of dissipation, and although there is a caution against it in the preface, you cannot for your soul avoid concluding that the author, as he gives an account of his own travels, is also doing so in his own character."


title: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

text: In the public sphere, the "Anti-Jacobin Review" came to the similar conclusion that Childe Harold "appears to be nothing but the dull, inanimate, instrument for conveying his poetical creator's sentiments to the public. Lord Byron avows the intent of this hero's introduction to be the "giving some connection to the piece"; but we cannot, for the life of us, discover how the piece is more connected, by assigning the sentiments which it conveys to a fictitious personage, who takes no part in any of the scenes described, who achieves no deeds, and who, in short, has no one province to perform, than it would have been had Lord Byron spoken in his own person, and been the "hero of his own tale".


title: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

text: In the face of unanimous scepticism, Byron gave up the pretence and finally admitted in the letter to his fellow-traveller John Hobhouse that prefaced Canto IV: "With regard to the conduct of the last canto, there will be found less of the pilgrim than in any of the preceding, and that little slightly, if at all, separated from the author speaking in his own person. The fact is, that I had become weary of drawing a line which everyone seemed determined not to perceive."


title: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

text: The first two cantos of "Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage" had scarcely been published before its world-weary hero was satirised in the popular "Rejected Addresses" of 1812. "Cui Bono?" enquires "Lord B". in the Spenserian stanza employed by the original:


title: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

text: Byron was so amused by the book that he wrote to his publisher, "Tell the author I forgive him, were he twenty times our satirist".


title: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

text: He was not as forgiving of the next tribute to his work, "Modern Greece: A Poem" (1817) by Felicia Hemans, which was dependent for its subject on the second canto of the "Pilgrimage". At first published anonymously, it was even taken to be by Byron himself in one contemporary review. While it was written in a similar rhetorical style, her poem used a slightly longer 10-line stanza terminating in an alexandrine. This too deplored the land's Turkish enslavement and mourned its decline, although pausing to admire the occasion in the past when "woman mingled with your warrior band" (stanza 50) in resisting invasion. Where the author diverged to take direct issue with Byron was on the controversy over the Elgin Marbles, championing instead their removal to a land that can still cherish their inspiration. To Byron's assertion that


title: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

text: Over the years, others wrote works dependent on the "Pilgrimage" to a greater or lesser degree. George Croly celebrated the victory at the Battle of Waterloo with his "Paris in 1815: A Poem" (London, 1817). It was prefaced by 21 Spenserian stanzas in the Byronic manner, followed by many more sections in couplets. This was followed in 1818 by the anonymous collection "Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage to the Dead Sea (and other poems)". There the Byronic outcast of the title poem relates a catalogue of sins through thirty pages of irregular couplets, wound up by a call to last minute repentance. By 1820 the habit of imitation had crossed to the US, where five Spenserian stanzas dependent on the "Pilgrimage"'s Canto II were published under the title "Childe Harold in Boetia" in "The Galaxy".


title: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

text: But the Childe was to be found applying himself to other activities than travel. The 62 pages of Francis Hodgson's "Childe Harold's Monitor, or Lines occasioned by the last canto of Childe Harold" (London 1818), are given over to literary satire in the manner of Byron's "English Bards and Scotch Reviewers". Written in heroic couplets, it champions the style of the Augustan poets against the emergent Romantic style, particularly of the Lake Poets. "Childe Harold in the Shades: An Infernal Romaunt" (London 1819), displays much the same sentiments. The poem is set in the Classical underworld and its anonymous youthful author has since been identified as Edward Dacres Baynes.


title: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

text: Byron's death in the Greek War of Independence initiated a new round of imitations. William Lisle Bowles responded to his interment with a generous elegy in the six stanzas of "Childe Harold's Last Pilgrimage" (1826). These were written in the same form as Byron's poem and, forgiving the bitter insults that had passed between them in the course of a public controversy, now paid a magnanimous tribute to the manner of his dying.


title: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

text: There was also a crop of French imitations on this occasion, of which the foremost was Alphonse de Lamartine's "Le Dernier Chant du Pélerinage d’Harold" (Paris, 1825). Despite the poet's assertion of the originality of his 'Fifth Canto', a contemporary English review found it often dependent on Byron's works. Its English translation by J. W. Lake, "The Last Canto of Childe Harold's Pilgrimage", was published from Paris in 1826. Another in heroic couplets followed from London in 1827. Another French enthusiast, Jules Lefèvre-Deumier, had actually been on the way to join Byron in Greece in 1823 but a shipwreck robbed him of the opportunity to join the cause. He too recorded a pilgrimage from Paris into Switzerland in "Les Pélerinages d’un Childe Harold Parisien", published in 1825 under the pseudonym D. J. C. Verfèle. In the following year Aristide Tarry published the pamphlet-length "Childe-Harold aux ruines de Rome: imitation du poème de Lord Byron", which was sold in aid of the Greek combatants.


title: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

text: A later imitation of "Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage" lay unacknowledged for more than a century. John Clare had started to compose his own "Child Harold" in 1841, during the years of his madness, sometimes identifying himself as Byron, sometimes as a bigamist Byronic hero. Its intricate narrative stanzas are interspersed with many more lyrics than had been Byron's poem, often on the subject of Clare's youthful love for Mary Joyce. But, though "more sustained in thought than anything else he ever attempted", it was written piecemeal and the fragments were never unified or published until midway through the 20th century.


title: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

text: The protagonist of "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage" embodied the example of the self-exiled Byronic hero. His antinomian character is summed up in Lord Macaulay's essay on "Moore’s Life of Lord Byron" ("Edinburgh Review", 1831). "It is hardly too much to say that Lord Byron could exhibit only one man - a man proud, moody, cynical, with defiance on his brow, and misery in his heart; a scorner of his kind, implacable in revenge, yet capable of deep and strong affection…It is curious to observe the tendency which the dialogue of Lord Byron always has, to lose its character of dialogue and to become soliloquy."


title: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

text: The type was caricatured as the melancholy Mr Cypress in Thomas Love Peacock's "Nightmare Abbey", published in 1818, following the appearance of the "Pilgrimage's" Canto IV. The poet's misanthropic and despairing announcement there sums up the 'heroic' point of view: "I have no hope for myself or for others. Our life is a false nature; it is not in the harmony of things; it is an all-blasting upas whose root is earth, and whose leaves are the skies which rain their poison dews upon mankind. We wither from our youth; we gasp with unslaked thirst for unattainable good; lured from the first to the last by phantoms – love, fame, ambition, avarice – all idle, and all ill - one meteor of many names, that vanishes in the smoke of death." Almost every word is transcribed from two of the canto's stanzas, 124 and 126.


title: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

text: Once Byron's poem had launched the heroic prototype, it went on to be an influence on Alexander Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin" (1825 – 32), where the poem's protagonist is compared several times to Childe Harold. Onegin shares the hero's melancholy that cannot be pleased (1.38) and his dreaminess (4.44); but perhaps his mixture of behaviours are only so many masks, and in this respect he is likened to Melmoth the Wanderer as well as to Childe Harold (8.8). Tatiana too ponders whether Onegin's guises make him "a Muscovite in Harold's dress, a modish second-hand edition" (7.24).


title: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

text: But however much that pose may have been appreciated in the first half of the 19th century, by World War II the reaction to the hero's attitudes had veered to scepticism. C. S. Lewis, in "The Screwtape Letters" (1941), bracketed Childe Harold and Young Werther as Romantic types "submerged in self-pity for imaginary distresses" for whom "five minutes' genuine toothache would reveal [their] romantic sorrows for the nonsense they were". Equally, the bluff hero of C. S. Forester's "The Commodore" (1945) dismissed Byron's poem as "bombast and fustian" while flipping through its pages for inspiration.


title: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

text: The first two cantos of the poem were launched under the title "Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage: A Romaunt, and other poems". There were twenty of those "other poems", for the most part arising out of Byron's tour. These supplemented the three lyrics already mentioned that were incorporated into Cantos I and II. Five of the supplementary songs were set by composers, mostly during the course of the 19th century and sometimes in translated versions. "On Parting" ("The kiss, dear maid, thy lip has left"), for example, was set by Ludwig van Beethoven and some 25 other composers; the song "Maid of Athens, ere we part" had a setting by Charles Gounod as well as others in German and Italian.


title: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

text: The song "Adieu! Adieu! my native shore", which appeared in the first canto of the "Pilgrimage", was set as early as 1814, but with the wording "My native shore adieu", and was apparently incorporated into the long-established opera "The Maid of the Mill". It was also set by some twelve other composers as well as in German and Danish translations. And in addition to the songs, just two Spenserian stanzas from the "Pilgrimage"'s Canto III have had musical settings: stanza 72 by the American composer Larry Austin in 1979 and a German translation of stanza 85 by Robert von Hornstein (1833–1890).


title: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

text: There were also two European Romantic composers who referenced "Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage" in their programmatic works. Hector Berlioz recorded in his memoires that, in composing "Harold en Italie" (1834), he wished to draw on memories of his wanderings in the Abruzzi, making of the solo for viola at its start "a sort of melancholic reverie in the manner of Byron’s Childe Harold" ("une sorte de rêveur mélancolique dans le genre du Child-Harold de Byron"). Nevertheless, Donald Tovey has pointed out in his analysis of the work that "there is no trace in Berlioz's music of any of the famous passages of "Childe Harold"".


title: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

text: Several of Franz Liszt's transcriptions of Swiss natural scenery in his "Années de pèlerinage" (composed during the 1830s) were accompanied by epigraphs from Canto III of Byron's poem, but while the quotations fit the emotional tone of the music, they are sometimes contextually different. Thus Liszt's second piece, "Au lac de Wallenstadt" (By Lake Wallenstadt), with its evocation of rippling water, is accompanied by Byron's description of the still reflective surface of Lac Leman (stanza 68). Between the next few quotations there is greater congruence, however. Liszt's fifth piece, "Orage" (Storm), comes with Byron's equating of meteorological and emotional weathers from canto 96. The change of tone in the sixth piece, "Vallée d’Obermann", is signalled by the transition of mood at the end of Byron's following stanza 97; and the peaceful beginning of stanza 98 accompanies the succeeding "Eglogue" (Eclogue). After this sequence drawn from three contiguous stanzas, the final piece, "Les cloches de Genève" (Geneva bells), returns to the Lac Leman sequence of stanzas in the poem and provides another dissonance. The two lines quoted from stanza 72 fit the serene tone of the music, but only by ignoring the rejection of "human cities" two lines later. In the case of both Berlioz's and Liszt's pieces, their association with "Childe’s Harold’s Pilgrimage" is an indication of how they are to be interpreted, in that all three works are subjective and autobiographical. The music, however, is independent of the text.


title: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

text: J. M. W. Turner was an admirer of Byron's poetry and made scenes from the "Pilgrimage" the subject of several paintings. Turner was among those commissioned to provide drawings to be engraved for William Finden's landscape illustrations to Byron (1832), which also included views from the poem. One of Turner's earlier paintings was of the carnage on "The Field of Waterloo" (1818), which was accompanied by Byron's descriptive lines from Canto III, stanza 28. For this, the poet had visited the battlefield in 1815 and Turner in 1817. Then in 1832 he exhibited a painting referencing Byron's poem in its title, "Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage – Italy" (1832), accompanied by lines reflecting on the passing of imperial might from Canto IV, stanza 26. Turner's "Ehrenbreitstein" (1835) was still another landscape carrying an epigraph, this time from the subject's appearance in Canto III, stanzas 61–3. It had captured the painter's imagination on his first visit there in 1817 and he had made studies of the place many times since then. Though the painter might first have been drawn to the spot on account of Byron's poem, what he made of it came from close personal acquaintance over the intervening years.


title: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

text: The American Thomas Cole also went to Byron for the subject of one painting, though it was to "Manfred" in this case and is typically an imaginative reinterpretation. So too was his series of paintings "The Course of Empire" (1833-6), in reference to which he quoted the lines on the rise of cultures through civilisation to barbarism, from the "Pilgrimage's" Canto IV, stanza 108. Cole's "The Fountain of Egeria" (painted at about the same time and now lost) was accompanied by lines from the same poem.


title: Prometheus (DC Comics)

text: Prometheus is a name used by multiple supervillains appearing in comic books published by DC Comics. Created by Grant Morrison (writer) and Arnie Jorgensen (pencils), the most recognized version made his first appearance in "New Year's Evil: Prometheus" (February 1998). Commonly an adversary of the Justice League and a villainous foil personality to Batman (similar to villains Killer Moth, Wrath, and Hush), Prometheus would serve as an enemy to superheroes including Batman, Green Arrow and Midnighter.


title: Prometheus (DC Comics)

text: In 2009, Prometheus was ranked as IGN's 80th Greatest Comic Book Villain of All Time. On The CW's live-action Arrowverse TV series "Arrow", the character was portrayed by Josh Segarra and voiced by Michael Dorn.


title: Prometheus (DC Comics)

text: Curt Calhoun debuted in "Blue Beetle" (vol. 6) #3 (August 1986). A new version of Prometheus debuted in "New Year's Evil: Prometheus" (February 1998) and returned in "JLA" #16–17 (March–April 1998) and #36–41 (December 1999–May 2000). The character was then impersonated for a time by Chad Graham, but returned in "Faces of Evil: Prometheus" #1 (March 2009). Prometheus starred as the villain in the limited series "Justice League: Cry for Justice" #1–7 (September 2009–April 2010), and was killed at the conclusion of the story.


title: Prometheus (DC Comics)

text: Writer Mike Conroy noted "...with his technologically advanced armor and weapons arsenal, which can download the fighting techniques of the world's top martial artists...he (Prometheus) turned out to be a formidable foe, as the JLA found out".


title: Prometheus (DC Comics)

text: The original version, Curt Calhoun, debuted in "Blue Beetle" (vol. 6) #3 (August 1986), followed by appearances in issues #4 (September 1986); #6 (November 1986); #8–9 (January–February 1987) and #11–13 (April–June 1987). Calhoun is a small-time criminal working for supervillain Doctor Alchemy and is hired to steal a quantity of the metal promethium from KORD Inc., an organization owned by Ted Kord. Although successful, both Calhoun and Dr. Alchemy are captured by the Blue Beetle. On release from prison, Calhoun aids the Blue Beetle against the Calculator and is offered a position as a foreman at KORD Inc. by Kord. While saving Kord from an industrial accident, Calhoun is covered with metals laced with promethium. En route to the hospital, Calhoun's ambulance is attacked by members of the supervillain team known as Hybrid. The leader, Mento, transforms the metal covering Calhoun into a permanent metallic shell. Assuming the "Prometheus" alias, the reluctant Calhoun fights alongside Hybrid in an unsuccessful attempt to defeat the New Teen Titans. Although Mento eventually directs Hybrid against the Titans once again, they rebel and Mento is apparently cured of his insanity by Titan member Raven. Calhoun is never seen again, until the superhero JSA team learns that Hybrid died in the gladiatorial games staged by villainess Roulette. The original version possesses a metal epidermis, which confers superior strength and durability. Calhoun is also capable of raising the temperature of his armored form to several hundred degrees Celsius.


title: Prometheus (DC Comics)

text: The most well-known version is the unnamed son of two hippie spree killers, who traveled across the United States with them until they were cornered by local law enforcement and were gunned down after opening fire on the surrounding police. This traumatic experience causes his hair to turn white, and he vows to "annihilate the forces of justice" in order to get revenge for his slain parents.


title: Prometheus (DC Comics)

text: Using his parents' hidden caches of money, the son travels the world and develops his skills, becoming an underground pit-fighter in Brazil and a mercenary in Africa, and joining terrorist groups in the Middle East. After avenging his parents' deaths by murdering the police officer who shot them, he locates the Himalayan city of Shambhala, inhabited by a sect of monks that worshiped the concept of evil. Prometheus discovers the monastery has been built on an alien spaceship, and the leader of the sect is one of the creatures from the vessel. He kills the alien and obtains the "Ghost Key", which opens a portal to the "Ghost Zone".


title: Prometheus (DC Comics)

text: Prometheus builds a house in the void as his headquarters, which is warped by the dimensional effects to become "crooked". He relates his origin to a young man, with the alias "Retro", who has won a competition to be part of the JLA for a day. Prometheus kills Retro, copies the young man's mannerisms (courtesy of his advanced helmet), and joins the tour group at the JLA transporters, intending to masquerade as Retro to gain access to the JLA Watchtower.


title: Prometheus (DC Comics)

text: Initially, the plan appears to be successful, with Prometheus infecting Steel's armor with a virus, hitting the Martian Manhunter with a dart containing a toxin that destabilizes his ability to control his shape, knocking out Huntress, trapping Zauriel in the Ghost Zone, beating Batman senseless using downloaded skills, using neural chaff to disrupt Green Lantern's will, and informing Flash that the tower is rigged with bombs that will detonate if he moves too fast. He then tries to force Superman to kill himself so that Prometheus will allow civilians to leave, on the grounds that Superman was too powerful for him to devise a means of killing. Prometheus is then caught off guard by the anti-hero Catwoman, who had also infiltrated the tour group, allowing the heroes time to recover. Steel infects Prometheus's systems with a virus. Admitting he lied about the bombs, Prometheus escapes to the Ghost Zone before he can be captured.


title: Prometheus (DC Comics)

text: Prometheus appears briefly during an encounter between the JLA and the Avengers and skirmishes with Captain America while using Batman's skills, but Captain America easily defeats him.


title: Prometheus (DC Comics)

text: Prometheus returns as a member of Lex Luthor's second Injustice Gang. During the confusion caused by the arrival of the weapon Mageddon, Prometheus is able to use a White Martian space vessel abandoned in the Ghost Zone to infiltrate the Watchtower and attack Oracle. Oracle escapes, with Prometheus's helmet being damaged in the process. The villain retrieves his original helmet (lost during the first battle with the JLA) and battles Batman once again. Prometheus is neutralized when Batman sabotages his helmet, overriding the information on the disc Prometheus uses to upload his combat skills and replacing the data with the physical skills and coordination of Professor Stephen Hawking. Batman prevents fellow member Huntress from killing Prometheus. Batman and Martian Manhunter take Prometheus into custody and arrange to reduce Prometheus's brain to a mentally disabled state in order to permanently end his threat, reasoning that his skills and training mean that no jail could hold him under conventional circumstances. Upon Martian Manhunter's death at Libra's hands, Prometheus's mind was restored and he tracked down Chad Graham, killing his would-be protégé and maiming/murdering members of the Blood Pack super-hero team.


title: Prometheus (DC Comics)

text: A spate of superhero deaths (Freedom Beast, Gloss, and Tasmanian Devil) and attacks on others (Barry Allen, Batwoman, and Crimson Avenger) is revealed to be the work of the true Prometheus. The villain impersonates Freddy Freeman and gains access to the JLA satellite, which in turn allows Prometheus to place teleportation devices in the home cities of various heroes which will "strand" them in various places in the past and future, as revenge for the years that he spent with his mind damaged. Prometheus also maims Roy Harper after Harper realizes his foe is not Freddy Freeman. After defeating the JLA and the Teen Titans by reading files on them, Prometheus is captured by Donna Troy and beaten brutally, until being stopped by the Shade. Prometheus offers to reveal the location of the devices in exchange for his release, after they malfunction and begin destroying the cities. With Star City suffering massive casualties (including Roy's daughter), Prometheus's ultimatum is met and he returns to his lair, but is murdered by Green Arrow by shooting an arrow through his head.


title: Prometheus (DC Comics)

text: Prometheus shows up to torment Midnighter using stolen technology from the God Garden that he sells to various individuals around the world. In addition, he acquires the Gardener's secret files on Midnighter's true identity and origin. When confronted by Midnighter, Prometheus uses God Garden technology to block Midnighter's tactical computer, eliminating the edge Midnighter has in analyzing an opponent's fighting techniques. Prometheus also reveals that he has downloaded all of Midnighter's own skills into his brain to use against his enemy.


title: Prometheus (DC Comics)

text: Pretending to be an ordinary man, he uses the alias Matt Dell to seduce and have a romantic relationship with Midnighter to achieve his goals.


title: Prometheus (DC Comics)

text: The third version, Chad Graham, debuted in "" #52 (June 2004), as part of the "Pushback" storyline from issues #50–55 (April–September 2004). The villain reappeared in "Batman: Gotham Knights" #66 (August 2005); "Villains United" #1–6 (July–September 2005); "Infinite Crisis" #1–7 (December 2005–June 2006); "Birds of Prey" #94 (June–August 2006); "Teen Titans" (vol. 3) #51–54 (November 2007–February 2008) and "Final Crisis" #1–7 (July 2008–March 2009). He was not initially established as a different version from the second version until the "Faces of Evil" issue that featured the second version's return. It was later revealed that his former apprentice assumed the Prometheus identity after the well-known version went into a mentally disabled state; Graham had been taken in by Prometheus to serve as an evil sidekick years earlier, but proved too impulsive and ended up leaving Prometheus (under unknown circumstances). Graham appears in Star City, battling Green Arrow and local law enforcement. Almost killed by Green Arrow, Graham is saved by Hush. Hush forms an alliance with the impostor but abandons him due to his incompetence. Talia al Ghul leads Kobra in search of Prometheus in a bid to secure his Ghost Key. Graham, poisoned by Poison Ivy, is saved once again by Hush. Graham is then recruited to join another version of the Secret Society of Super Villains and participates in a massive attack by the Society on Metropolis. During the battle, Graham kills Peacemaker. Graham also has an encounter with the Birds of Prey and defeats Lady Shiva in seconds. He eventually falls under the alien Starro's control but is freed once Starro is defeated. Graham is later murdered when the true Prometheus regains himself; he expresses contempt for Graham's impersonation but is satisfied that the damage Graham has done to Prometheus's reputation would lead to the heroes underestimating him in the future. The third version relies on the use of two pistols, although he also possesses his mentor's helmet and artificial skills, giving him the training to defeat even Lady Shiva in a matter of seconds.


title: Prometheus (DC Comics)

text: Prometheus possesses no superhuman abilities, but has undergone intense physical and mental training and utilizes an extensive range of equipment and technology like the hero Batman. Common tools include body armor, gauntlets that fire various projectiles, a side-handle baton with several technological features, and a helmet that in addition to emitting strobe lighting capable of disorientation and hypnotism, can download the knowledge and physical skills of others directly into his brain via a compact disc, his default disc including the skills of thirty of the world's greatest martial artists. Where Prometheus obtains this information is not known, but his combat skills include the duplicated abilities of Batman and Lady Shiva, although it is unclear how much combat training he would possess if he had to fight without the helmet. The 'battlesuit'/helmet combination is also equipped with an artificial Intelligence that can rapidly calculate and deploy a variety of strategies and countermeasures that have allowed Prometheus at various times to incapacitate entire groups of the Justice League singlehandedly and simultaneously.


title: Prometheus (DC Comics)

text: Finally, the unnamed version possesses the "Ghost Key" which allows the villain to teleport himself and other objects and persons to and from a dimension called the "Ghost Zone". It can also be used to inflict total molecular disintegration on a target, but Prometheus only employed this function once, when he eliminated the unsuspecting Retro. The helmet can be hacked by external sources, but Batman had to study the helmet for a month to learn how to hack it in that manner, and it is unclear if this would allow him to hack other versions of the helmet.


title: Prometheus (DC Comics)

text: In JLA/Avengers, Prometheus is seen among the enthralled villains defending Krona's stronghold in issue #4. He is seen being seized by Green Lantern. Later, he confronts Captain America, having downloaded Batman's fighting skills. However, using his shield, Captain America defeats Prometheus.


title: Prometheus (DC Comics)

text: Prometheus is featured in "Smallville" Season 11, a comic book continuation of the TV series. At Daily Planet, Lois Lane and Oliver Queen hold a video-conference with Steve Trevor and Diana Prince of D.E.O. about the theft on their premises by a man in advanced weaponry. The Green Arrow joins D.E.O.'s team, led by agent Cameron Chase in their search for the man who stole from its facilities. When they find Prometheus, the mercenary attacks them with many weapons making them temporarily lose their hearing and sight. As he goes through D.E.O.'s soldiers he leaves Oliver for the end and after he takes him out, he says "Game on" and passes through a Boom Tube.


title: Prometheus (DC Comics)

text: Prometheus and his men arrive at Fort Knox via Boom Tube, intending to steal the gold that is kept there, but Green Arrow is waiting for them, with help from Zatanna. After taking out his men, a one-on-one battle ensues between Arrow and Prometheus. Prometheus wonders if Green Arrow cares about his real identity but Oliver says that if he is not his counterpart from a parallel Earth he does not really care about it. During the fight, Oliver succeeds to get the upper hand and start beating Prometheus, raging over what he had done to Agent Chase's team and the fact that he almost took him away from his child, finishing him off with a massive headbutt.


title: Prometheus (DC Comics)

text: When Lord Zedd and Brainiac form an alliance to steal the Power Rangers' Power Coins and attack their world, the League permit the Rangers to access their archives to provide them with equipment and resources to battle their enemies' forces until they can regain their powers, with Billy Cranston using Prometheus's helmet and armor.


title: Prometheus (DC Comics)

text: Two variations of Prometheus appear in live-action media set in the Arrowverse, with Michael Dorn providing his disguised voice:


title: Joseph Wheeler

text: Joseph "Fighting Joe" Wheeler (September 10, 1836 – January 25, 1906) was an American military commander and politician. He was a cavalry general in the Confederate States Army in the 1860s during the American Civil War, and then a general in the United States Army during both the Spanish-American and Philippine–American Wars near the turn of the twentieth century. For much of the Civil War he served as the senior cavalry general in the Army of Tennessee and fought in most of its battles in the Western Theater.


title: Joseph Wheeler

text: Between the Civil War and the Spanish–American War, Wheeler served multiple terms as a United States Representative from the state of Alabama as a Democrat.


title: Joseph Wheeler

text: Although of old New England ancestry (descended from the English Puritans who came to New England during the Puritan migration to New England), Joseph Wheeler was born near Augusta, Georgia, and spent some of his early childhood growing up with relatives in Derby, Connecticut while also spending about half of each year in Georgia. His parents were Joseph Wheeler and Julia Knox Hull Wheeler. He was the grandson of Brigadier General William Hull, a veteran of the American Revolution..


title: Joseph Wheeler

text: Despite his partially northern upbringing, he was appointed to the United States Military Academy at West Point from the state of Georgia and always considered himself a Georgian and Southerner.


title: Joseph Wheeler

text: Wheeler entered West Point in July 1854, barely meeting the height requirement at the time for entry. He graduated on July 1, 1859, placing 19th out of 22 cadets, and was commissioned a brevet second lieutenant in the 1st U.S. Dragoons. He attended the U.S. Army Cavalry School located in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and upon completion was transferred on June 26, 1860, to the Regiment of Mounted Rifles stationed in the New Mexico Territory.


title: Joseph Wheeler

text: It was while stationed in New Mexico and fighting in a skirmish with Indians that Joseph Wheeler picked up the nickname "Fighting Joe." On September 1, 1860, he was promoted to the rank of second lieutenant.


title: Joseph Wheeler

text: At the start of the Civil War, Wheeler entered the Confederate Army on March 16 as a first lieutenant in the Georgia state militia artillery, and then was assigned to Fort Barrancas off of Pensacola, Florida, reporting to Maj. Gen. Braxton Bragg. His resignation from the U.S. Army was accepted on April 22, 1861. He was ordered to Huntsville, Alabama, to take command of the newly formed 19th Alabama Infantry Regiment and was promoted to colonel on September 4.


title: Joseph Wheeler

text: Wheeler and the 19th Alabama fought well under Bragg at the Battle of Shiloh in April 1862. During the Siege of Corinth in April and May, Wheeler's men on picket duty clashed repeatedly with Union patrols. Serving as acting brigade commander, Wheeler burned the bridges over the Tuscumbia River to cover the Confederate withdrawal to Tupelo, Mississippi.


title: Joseph Wheeler

text: Wheeler transferred to the cavalry branch and commanded the 2nd Cavalry Brigade of the Left Wing in the Army of Mississippi from September to October. During the Kentucky Campaign, Wheeler aggressively maintained contact with the enemy. He began to suffer from poor relations with the Confederacy's arguably greatest cavalryman, Nathan Bedford Forrest, when Bragg reassigned most of Forrest's men to Wheeler, sending Forrest to Murfreesboro to recruit a new brigade. Wheeler fought at the Battle of Perryville in October and after the fight performed an excellent rearguard action protecting the army's withdrawal. He was promoted to brigadier general on October 30 and led the cavalry belonging to the Second Corps of the Army of Tennessee from November to December. During action at La Vergne, Tennessee, on November 27, Wheeler was wounded by an artillery shell that exploded near him.


title: Joseph Wheeler

text: In December 1862, the Union Army of the Cumberland began to advance from Nashville against Bragg's army and Wheeler, now commanding all of the Army of Tennessee's cavalry, skirmished aggressively to delay their advance. He drove into the rear of the Union army, destroying hundreds of wagons and capturing more than 700 prisoners. After the Battle of Stones River, as Bragg's army withdrew to the Duck River line, Wheeler struck the Union supply lines at Harpeth Shoals on January 12–13, burning three steamboats and capturing more than 400 prisoners. Bragg recommended that Wheeler be promoted as a "just reward" and he became a major general on January 20, 1863.


title: Joseph Wheeler

text: Wheeler led the army's Cavalry Corps from January to November 24, then again from December to November 15, 1864. For his actions on January 12–13, 1863, Wheeler and his troopers received the Thanks of the Confederate Congress on May 1, 1863.


title: Joseph Wheeler

text: In February 1863, Wheeler and Forrest attacked Fort Donelson at Dover, Tennessee, but they were repulsed by the small Union garrison. Forrest angrily told Wheeler "Tell [General Bragg] that I will be in my coffin before I will fight again under your command." Bragg dealt with this rivalry in the Tullahoma Campaign by assigning Wheeler to guard the army's right flank while Forrest guarded the left. A Union cavalry advance on Shelbyville on June 27 trapped Wheeler and 50 of his men on the north side of the Duck River, forcing Wheeler to plunge his horse over a 15-foot embankment and escape through the rain-swollen river.