title: Rocket Queen

text: "Rocket Queen" is a song by American rock band Guns N' Roses, featured on their debut studio album, "Appetite for Destruction" (1987). The song is notable for incorporating moans from a woman, Adriana Smith, who was recorded having sexual intercourse with the band.


title: Rocket Queen

text: Slash stated in his autobiography that he and Duff McKagan wrote the main riff to "Rocket Queen" when they first got together in the short-lived band Road Crew with Steven Adler, prior to Slash and Adler joining Hollywood Rose.


title: Rocket Queen

text: A credit in the booklet for "Appetite for Destruction" reads "Barbi (Rocket Queen) Von Greif", implying that she was "this girl" Rose mentions in the quote. Slash states that, while Von Grief was only eighteen at the time, she had a notorious reputation and was "a queen of the underground scene back then. She'd eventually become a madam, but Axl was infatuated with her at the time." She was also mentioned in the acknowledgments section of L.A. Guns' self-titled debut album.


title: Rocket Queen

text: In an October 1991 interview in "Guitar Player" magazine, John Frusciante of the Red Hot Chili Peppers said Axl Rose told the Chili Peppers that Guns N' Roses had the Chili Peppers in mind when they recorded "Rocket Queen".


title: Rocket Queen

text: A woman named Adriana Smith, Guns N' Roses groupie and stripper at the time, had been with drummer Steven Adler for around a year. Smith later claimed in a TV interview that, after Adler insisted that she was not his girlfriend, she went to the mixing sessions at Mediasound Studios in NYC. Rose and Slash were there. Rose propositioned Smith that they have sex in a vocal booth so that the sounds that Smith made could be recorded and put over the bridge of the song. Smith replied that she would do it, "For the band, and a bottle of Jack Daniel's".


title: Rocket Queen

text: Another engineer, Michael Barbiero, did not want to record the sex session, so he set up the microphones and left the task to his assistant, Vic Deyglio. Deyglio said the studio was "like a Ron Jeremy set", and he even had to enter the booth to adjust a microphone which Rose and Smith had crashed into. The "Appetite for Destruction" liner notes jokingly acknowledge Deyglio's contribution by crediting him as "Victor 'the fucking engineer' Deglio".


title: Rocket Queen

text: It was later stated in the music magazine "Classic Rock", as well as "Rolling Stone", that the person who had been recorded performing sex noises on the song was indeed Adriana Smith, an on-off girlfriend of Adler. She also allegedly had an intimate relationship with frontman Rose. Smith revealed in an interview that Adler "freaked out" when he found out about the recorded sex session, and she spent some years using alcohol and drugs "because I had this extreme shame and guilt and stuff."


title: Rocket Queen

text: However, further revelations could indicate that Smith and Rose have not been the only people recorded for the song. Mike Clink, longtime producer of the band, said: "The guys were taking turns fucking this girl in the studio. Those are actual sounds of sex, captured live on tape." Furthermore, a former Geffen employee claimed that Rose had sex several times with two or three girls on tape, unhappy with the results.


title: Rocket Queen

text: The song contains two separate, distinct phases joined together by a bridge. The first of these is in a format of verse, chorus, verse, chorus and is accompanied by lyrical bravado. There is also an instrumental section in the latter part of the first phase during which the sexual recording is also played.


title: Rocket Queen

text: The second phase of the song has no chorus and contains lyrics of affection and love in contrast to the bravado of the lyrics in the first phase of the song. The lyrics continue into the coda before the climax of the song (the conclusion of the song is not a fade out).


title: Rocket Queen

text: "Rocket Queen" is widely regarded as one of the band's best songs. In 2017, "Paste" ranked the song number four on their list of the 15 greatest Guns N' Roses songs, and in 2020, "Kerrang" ranked the song number three on their list of the 20 greatest Guns N' Roses songs.


title: The Godfather (soundtrack)

text: The Godfather is the soundtrack from the film of the same name, released in 1972 by Paramount Records, and in 1991 on compact disc by MCA. Unless noted, the cues were composed by Nino Rota and conducted by Carlo Savina (who was credited on the LP, but not the CD). The song "I Have but One Heart" is sung by Al Martino, who performed it in the film as character Johnny Fontane.


title: The Godfather (soundtrack)

text: The score was nominated for an Academy Award; however, the Academy withdrew the nomination after determining that the "Love Theme" was a rewritten version of Nino Rota's music from the 1958 film "Fortunella".


title: The Godfather (soundtrack)

text: Coppola hired Italian composer Nino Rota to create the underscore for the film, including the main theme, "Speak Softly, Love". In October 1971, Coppola flew to Rome with a copy of the film to give Rota to view and create the score accordingly. For the score, Rota was to relate to the situations and characters in the film. Scott Cain of "The Atlanta Journal and Constitution" reacted to Rota's work with the movie's score by saying that regardless of how the movie turned out, "it will be worthwhile just for Rota's contributions." Rota synthesized new music for the film and took some parts from his 1958 "Fortunella" film score, in order to create an Italian feel and evoke the tragic film's themes. Rota also based the piece Main Theme (The Godfather Waltz) off the opening melody of Jean Sibelius' Symphony No. 1. Paramount executive Evans found the score to be too "highbrow" and did not want to use it; however, it was used after Coppola managed to get Evans to agree. Coppola believed that Rota's musical piece gave the film even more of an Italian feel. Coppola's father, Carmine, created some additional music for the film, particularly the music played by the band during the opening wedding scene.


title: The Godfather (soundtrack)

text: There are nine instances within the film where incidental music can be heard, including C'è la luna mezzo mare and Cherubino's aria, "Non so più cosa son" from Le Nozze di Figaro. There was a soundtrack released for the film in 1972 in vinyl form by Paramount Records, on CD in 1991 by Geffen Records, and digitally by Geffen on August 18, 2005. The album contains over 31 minutes of music coming from the film, with most being composed by Rota, along with a song from Coppola and one by Johnny Farrow and Marty Symes. There were 29 recordings of Nino Rota's music on the market by April 1972, specifically the songs recorded were "The Godfather Waltz", "Speak Softly Love," and "Love Theme from The Godfather." It was expected more recordings would be hitting the market as the year went on.


title: The Godfather (soundtrack)

text: The soundtrack was well received by music critics. The United Press International's William D. Laffler wrote that the "Main Title" was a "haunting piece of music which generates nostalgic longing for things past and a foreboding underlying theme." He felt that the soundtrack grows on the listener with each play and predicted it would become one of the biggest sellers in the calendar year. William J. Knittle Jr. of the "Daily News–Post" felt Rota's titular theme was why "The Godfather" was "close to being the perfect American film." He continued by stating Rota broke from his "usual lush string tour de force." He felt the music was "meaningful and involving," while the use of cello and cornet solos demonstrated the isolation and insulation of the Corleone family. He closed by saying the music showed Italian influence and had a natural progression. The "Journal and Courier"'s Bernard Drew felt Rota's musical pieces were haunting and "bridged gaps and served as a reminder of how things were."


title: The Godfather (soundtrack)

text: Harry Haun of "The Tennessean" described Rota's score as "baleful," but felt it kept with the pace of the movie well.


title: The Godfather (soundtrack)

text: Peter Barsocchini who wrote for "The Times" wrote that "The Godfather" soundtrack was able to stand on its own. He elaborated on the soundtrack stating it was "extremely evocative" and that it kept with the time period the movie was set. He did state that the soundtrack was "rich and interesting, without, except for one cut (the vocal by Al Martino), being at all typed." He felt the "Main Title" was the best track on the album because: "It is at once chilling and plaintive and nostalgic, but it also evokes the humanity of The Godfather, gives the image of a man instead of a ruthless monster, which is a brilliant composition." Barsocchini wrote that "The Halls of Fear" explored the concept of fear well in an a-melodramatic way. He summed up the album by stating it was worthy of one's attention even if not interested in the film. "Detroit Free Press"'s Bob Talbert described Rota's score as "right on the money" and "[captured] the feel of the '40s and the power of Marlon Brando." He generally commented that the instruments used in the movie matched the intensity of Brando and Al Pacino. He also described Martino as "a thinly disguised Frank Sinatra." Allmusic gave the album five out of five stars, with editor Zach Curd saying it is a "dark, looming, and elegant soundtrack." An editor for Filmtracks believed that Rota was successful in relating the music to the film's core aspects.


title: The Godfather (soundtrack)

text: Rota's score was also nominated for Grammy Award for Best Original Score for a Motion Picture or TV Special at the 15th Grammy Awards. Rota was announced the winner of the category on March 3 at the Grammys' ceremony in Nashville, Tennessee. Rota had received a nomination for the Best Original Score at the 45th Academy Awards. Upon further review of Rota's love theme from "The Godfather", the Academy found that Rota had used a similar score in Eduardo De Filippo's 1958 comedy "Fortunella". This led to re-balloting, where members of the music branch chose from six films: "The Godfather" and the five films that had been on the shortlist for best original dramatic score but did not get nominated. John Addison's score for "Sleuth" won this new vote, and thus replaced Rota's score on the official list of nominees.


title: Kunal Kohli

text: Kunal Kohli is an Indian film director, producer, actor and writer in Bollywood. He is best known as the director of "Hum Tum" (2004) and "Fanaa" (2006). He also owns the production house Kunal Kohli Productions, whose first was his "Thoda Pyaar Thoda Magic" (2008).


title: Kunal Kohli

text: Kohli started out as a film critic in the late 1990s and hosted the show "Chalo Cinema" on Zee TV. He also directed some music videos: Bally Sagoo's "Mera Laung Gawacha", Kamaal Khan's "Jaana", Bali Brahmbhatt's "Tere Bin Jeena Nahin", Shiamak Davar's "Jaane Kisne", Hema Sardesai's "Bole Humse Kuch Na Gori" and Rajshri Music's "Yeh Hai Prem", a song for Alisha Chinoy with Milind Soman. He directed about 24 music videos before moving to TV and films. He made his directorial debut with the television series "Trikon".


title: Kunal Kohli

text: He has made 4 movies for Yash Raj Films, owned by the late Yash Chopra. His first film under their banner was the romantic comedy "Mujhse Dosti Karoge!" (2002) which did not fare well at the box office despite much hype. It starred Rani Mukherji, Hrithik Roshan and Kareena Kapoor.


title: Kunal Kohli

text: His second venture the romantic comedy-drama "Hum Tum", starring Saif Ali Khan and Rani Mukherji, as one of the biggest hits of 2004 and established him as a director. "Hum Tum" won 5 Filmfare awards, including Best Director for Kohli. He won against his mentor Yash Chopra who was nominated for "Veer-Zaara".


title: Kunal Kohli

text: He then directed the romantic thriller "Fanaa", starring Aamir Khan and Kajol, who made her comeback after a 5-year break from the industry and earned herself a Filmfare Award for Best Actress for her performance in the film. The film was released on 26 May 2006 and emerged as one of the biggest hits of the year. It also proved to be controversial and was banned in the state of Gujarat due to protests against the lead actor Khan.


title: Kunal Kohli

text: Kohli wrote, directed and co-produced the Yash Raj film "Thoda Pyaar Thoda Magic" (2008), starring Saif Ali Khan, Rani Mukherji, Rishi Kapoor and Amisha Patel. He then produced the romantic comedy-drama "Break Ke Baad" (2010), which was directed by Danish Aslam and starred Deepika Padukone and Imran Khan in lead roles.


title: Kunal Kohli

text: One of his projects "Phir Se..." was stuck in controversies involving allegations of plagiarism, however, the Supreme court later on allowed the release of the film upon settlement between the parties, while making him pay Rs. 25 lakhs to Jyoti Kapoor, the plaintiff. It was released on Netflix on 15 January 2018. Kohli has a three film contract with Reliance Big Pictures involving financing, distribution and marketing. This contract is estimated to be worth Rs 1.50 billion.


title: Kunal Kohli

text: Kohli judged the popular reality dance TV show "Nach Baliye"s second season for Star Plus in 2005. He also judged the children's reality show on Sony TV, "Chota Packet Bada Dhamaka" in 2005. In April 2014, it was reported that he would be the judge on NDTV's talent hunt show "Ticket to Bollywood".


title: Kunal Kohli

text: Kohli is married to Ravina Kohli, who was the director of "Koffee with Karan", and headed Yash Raj TV. They have a daughter, Radha who they adopted. His maternal aunt died of the COVID-19 in May 2020.


title: Shipwrecked: The Island

text: Shipwrecked: The Island is a British reality television series and is the second revival of the "Shipwrecked" format. The 2011–12 series is the eighth overall in the "Shipwrecked" series. "The Island" has a different format from the "" series, consisting of only one tribe of 10 people living together on one island.


title: Shipwrecked: The Island

text: The revival of the series was announced by Channel 4 on 19 May 2011 with a 15-episode run and a back-to-basics theme, instead of "Battle of the Islands", confirmed. Casting took place over the following months; with filming taking place between August and October 2011.


title: Shipwrecked: The Island

text: The series began on 23 October 2011 and was aired at 8pm on Tuesdays on E4 until 31 January 2012, there was no episode broadcast on 20 December 2011.


title: Jessica Eye

text: Jessica Jo-Anne Eye (born July 27, 1986) is an American retired mixed martial artist. She competed as a flyweight in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC).


title: Jessica Eye

text: Jessica Eye was born in Akron, Ohio to Randy Allen and Colleen Joanne Eye. Eye has two half-sisters, Jennifer Carlisle-Brunner and Heather Carlisle-Hunter, and a brother, Randy Miles Eye. When Eye was 6, her parents divorced. Her mother and sisters were forced to move to the Washington D.C. suburbs of Virginia. Eye attended elementary school in Virginia but returned to Ohio, growing up in Cuyahoga Falls and graduated from high school in Rootstown, Ohio. When she was 16 years old, a drunk driver hit Eye and her father. She suffered a broken back, among other injuries, and was bedridden for three months. She credits this incident with creating her drive towards success in mixed martial arts. She graduated in 2005 from Rootstown High School and Maplewood Career Center. She then attended the University of Akron, but never finished her four-year degree.


title: Jessica Eye

text: On June 4, 2019, Eye wrote in an article for The Players' Tribune detailing abuse she suffered as a teenager from her father, including an incident when Eye was 14, that led to her father being arrested and charged with child endangerment and domestic abuse.


title: Jessica Eye

text: Eye made her amateur mixed martial arts debut in June 2008. She was undefeated as an amateur, winning 5 matches and becoming the first North American Allied Fight Series (NAAFS) amateur women's champion on December 5, 2009.


title: Jessica Eye

text: In June 2010, Eye made her professional MMA debut with North American Allied Fight Series in Ohio, defeating Amanda LaVoy by TKO (elbows). She defeated Marissa Caldwell in her second pro bout.


title: Jessica Eye

text: Eye became the Ring of Combat (ROC) 130 lbs women's champion on February 4, 2011, defeating Ashley Nee by TKO (punches).


title: Jessica Eye

text: She suffered her first loss on June 4, 2011, in an NAAFS professional women's flyweight championship bout against Aisling Daly.


title: Jessica Eye

text: Eye returned to NAAFS to face Angela Magaña in the main event at NAAFS: Rock N Rumble 6 on August 17, 2012. She defeated Magaña by unanimous decision.


title: Jessica Eye

text: Following her first professional loss, Eye signed with Bellator Fighting Championships. She made her debut in September 2011, defeating Casey Noland by split decision at Bellator 51.


title: Jessica Eye

text: After winning two fights for NAAFS, Eye next competed at Bellator 66 on April 20, 2012. She was originally scheduled to face Aisling Daly in a rematch, but Daly withdrew from the fight due to an ear infection. Eye faced Anita Rodriguez instead and defeated Rodriguez by unanimous decision.


title: Jessica Eye

text: In her third fight with Bellator, Eye defeated then-champion Zoila Frausto Gurgel at on December 7, 2012, winning with a standing arm-triangle choke in less than one minute. The bout was a non-title bout.


title: Jessica Eye

text: Eye was set to face Munah Holland at Bellator 95 on April 4, 2013. However, Eye suffered a back injury during practice that left her temporarily unable to walk and she was forced to withdraw from a fight for the first time in her career.


title: Jessica Eye

text: On June 1, 2013, Eye defeated Carina Damm by unanimous decision at NAAFS: Fight Night in the Flats 9.


title: Jessica Eye

text: Along with Jessica Aguilar, Eye was released by Bellator on August 13, 2013, following the dissolution of its Women's division. Aguilar and Eye were the last remaining female fighters on the Bellator roster.


title: Jessica Eye

text: In August 2013, Eye signed with the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), moving up to the bantamweight division since, at the time, the UFC did not have a women's flyweight division. The anticipation surrounding her debut was covered by "USA Today" and "FoxSports.com".


title: Jessica Eye

text: In her first fight with the promotion, Eye faced Sarah Kaufman at UFC 166 on October 19, 2013. She won the fight via split decision. However, in February 2014, the Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation changed the result to "no decision" with no reason initially given for the change. It was later revealed that Eye had failed her post-fight drug test after testing positive for marijuana and was subsequently fined $1,875 and put on probationary suspension for a year.


title: Jessica Eye

text: She then fought Leslie Smith at UFC 180 on November 15, 2014. She won the fight due to doctor stoppage after Smith's cauliflower ear ruptured mid-fight.


title: Jessica Eye

text: In March 2015, it was announced that Eye would face Miesha Tate on July 25, 2015, at , with the victor expected to receive a shot at the UFC Women's Bantamweight Championship. Eye expressed confidence heading into the bout, stating, "I know I'm better everywhere it goes. The striking, cage work, ground, everything." Tate remarked that she expected "the best Jessica Eye that anyone has ever seen," and called Eye a tough opponent. Eye lost the fight via unanimous decision.


title: Jessica Eye

text: Eye returned to face Julianna Peña at UFC 192 on October 3, 2015. She lost the fight by unanimous decision.


title: Jessica Eye

text: Eye next faced Sara McMann at UFC Fight Night 88 on May 29, 2016. She lost the fight via unanimous decision.


title: Jessica Eye

text: She fought Bethe Correia at UFC 203 on September 10, 2016, losing by split decision. Afterward, Eye announced that she planned to take a year-long hiatus from MMA competition.


title: Jessica Eye

text: She agreed to a grappling-only rematch with Miesha Tate at a Submission Underground show on December 11, 2016, which was won by Tate in overtime. In May 2017, she announced plans to compete in the UFC's newly created 125-pound flyweight division.


title: Jessica Eye

text: Eye was scheduled to face Aspen Ladd on July 7, 2017, at . However, the day of the event Ladd fell ill and the bout was canceled.


title: Jessica Eye

text: In August 2017, ESPN reported that Eye would make her UFC flyweight debut against Paige VanZant at UFC 216 on October 7. However, VanZant pulled out of the fight on September 25 citing a back injury. Subsequently, Eye was expected to be rescheduled against a separate opponent at another event.


title: Jessica Eye

text: Eye faced Kalindra Faria on January 14, 2018, at in her debut in the UFC's flyweight division. She won the fight via split decision.


title: Jessica Eye

text: Eye faced Jessica-Rose Clark on June 23, 2018, at UFC Fight Night 132. She won the fight via unanimous decision.


title: Jessica Eye

text: Eye was scheduled to face Sijara Eubanks on December 29, 2018, at UFC 232. The fight was cancelled, and Eye was re-booked against Katlyn Chookagian at UFC 231 on December 8, 2018. Eye won the fight by split decision. Following the bout, the editors of "MMAJunkie.com" named Eye their "Comeback Fighter of the Year" for 2018, noting that she had benefited from the move to her natural weight class. She also rose to #1 in the official UFC flyweight rankings.


title: Jessica Eye

text: After over a decade of training at Strong Style Fight Team, Eye decided to change training camp due to disagreements, and switched to Xtreme Couture Mixed Martial Arts.


title: Jessica Eye

text: Eye faced Valentina Shevchenko for the UFC Women's Flyweight Championship in the co-main event at UFC 238 on June 8, 2019. She lost the fight by knockout in the second round via a head kick.


title: Jessica Eye

text: At the weigh-ins, Jessica Eye weighted 131 lbs, five pounds over the non-title flyweight limit of 126 lbs. She forfeited 30% of her fight purse to Araújo. Eye won the fight via unanimous decision.


title: Jessica Eye

text: Eye faced Cynthia Calvillo on June 13, 2020, in the main event at . At the weigh-ins on June 12, Eye missed weight, weighing in at 126.25 pounds, a quarter pound over the non-title flyweight of 126 pounds. The fight proceeded as a catchweight bout and Eye was fined 25% of her purse. She lost the fight via unanimous decision.


title: Jessica Eye

text: Eye was briefly linked to a fight with Jéssica Andrade on October 17, 2020, at UFC Fight Night 181. However, the pairing never materialized due to lingering injuries for Eye.


title: Jessica Eye

text: Eye faced Joanne Calderwood at UFC 257 on January 24, 2021.. She lost the fight via unanimous decision.


title: Jessica Eye

text: Eye was scheduled to face Andrea Lee on November 13, 2021, at UFC Fight Night 197. However, Eye pulled out of the bout in mid-October citing illness and was replaced by Cynthia Calvillo.


title: Jessica Eye

text: Eye was scheduled to face Manon Fiorot on March 5, 2022, at UFC 272. However, a week before the event, Eye withdrew due to injury.


title: Jessica Eye

text: Eye was scheduled to face Casey O'Neill on July 2, 2022, at UFC 276. However, O'Neill withdrew in late April due to torn ACL and was replaced by Maycee Barber. After losing to Barber via unanimous decision, Eye announced her retirement from MMA.


title: Jessica Eye

text: Known as an agile striker, Eye was largely recognized for exceptional hand speed and her use of variety. During exchanges, she often utilized quick jabs, looping hooks, combinations, and body shots. Against Leslie Smith at UFC 180, she landed 32 strikes in the first two minutes.


title: Jessica Eye

text: In a 2015 commentary, ESPN's Brett Okamoto noted that Eye "makes a concerted effort to pick opponents apart, dart in and out, move laterally and work behind her jab." However, he also described her as predictable at times due to her extensive focus on boxing. Following Eye's UFC debut, Gregg Doyel of "CBSSports.com" called her "a skilled striker with fast hands." Damon Martin of "FoxSports.com" has described Eye as "one of the best strikers" in women's MMA.


title: Jessica Eye

text: In addition to her boxing, she made regular use of body kicks. She was also known for her active striking during a clinch. When pressing an opponent against the cage, she normally attacked with knees, elbows, and uppercuts.


title: Jessica Eye

text: In July 2015, Eye was considered for the cover of "Cosmopolitan" as part of a feature on female athletes. She modeled for the article and discussed how her upbringing had led her to become a fighter. Elizabeth Narins, the publication's fitness and health editor, called Eye "strong and amazing".


title: SLAP tear

text: A SLAP tear or SLAP lesion is an injury to the glenoid labrum (fibrocartilaginous rim attached around the margin of the glenoid cavity). SLAP is an acronym for "superior labral tear from anterior to posterior".


title: SLAP tear

text: The shoulder joint is a "ball-and-socket" joint. However, the 'socket' (the glenoid fossa of the scapula) is small, covering at most only a third of the 'ball' (the head of the humerus). It is deepened by a circumferential rim of fibrocartilage, the glenoidal labrum. Previously there was debate as to whether the labrum was fibrocartilaginous as opposed to hyaline cartilage found in the remainder of the glenoid fossa. Previously, it was considered a redundant, evolutionary remnant, but is now considered integral to shoulder stability. Most agree that the proximal tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle becomes fibrocartilaginous prior to attaching to the superior aspect of the glenoid. The long head of the triceps brachii inserts inferiorly, similarly. Together, all of those cartilaginous extensions are termed the 'glenoid labrum'.


title: SLAP tear

text: These lesions have come into public awareness because of their frequency in athletes involved in overhead and throwing activities in turn relating to relatively recent description of labral injuries in throwing athletes, and initial definitions of the 4 (major) SLAP sub-types,


title: SLAP tear

text: all happening since the 1990s. The identification and treatment of these injuries continues to evolve.


title: SLAP tear

text: Twelve varieties of SLAP lesion have been described, with initial diagnosis by MRI or arthrography and confirmation by direct arthroscopy.


title: SLAP tear

text: There is evidence in literature to support both surgical and non-surgical forms of treatment. In some, physical therapy can strengthen the supporting muscles in the shoulder joint to the point of reestablishing stability.


title: SLAP tear

text: Surgical treatment of SLAP tears has become more common in recent years. The success rate for repairing isolated SLAP tears is reported between 74-94%. While surgery can be performed as a traditional open procedure, an arthroscopic technique is currently favored being less intrusive with low chance of iatrogenic infection.


title: SLAP tear

text: Although good outcomes with SLAP repair over the age of 40 are reported, both age greater than 40 and Workmen's Compensation status have been noted as independent predictors of surgical complications. This is particularly so if there is an associated rotator cuff injury. In such circumstances, it is suggested that labral debridement and biceps tenotomy is preferred.


title: SLAP tear

text: Following inspection and determination of the extent of injury, the basic labrum repair is as follows.


title: SLAP tear

text: Surgical rehabilitation is vital, progressive and supervised. The first phase focuses on early motion and usually occupies post-surgical weeks one through three. Passive range of motion is restored in the shoulder, elbow, forearm, and wrist joints. However, while manual resistance exercises for scapular protraction, elbow extension, and pronation and supination are encouraged, elbow flexion resistance is avoided because of the biceps contraction that it generates and the need to protect the labral repair for at least six weeks. A sling may be worn, as needed, for comfort.


title: SLAP tear

text: Phase 2, occupying weeks 4 through 6, involves progression of strength and range of motion, attempting to achieve progressive abduction and external rotation in the shoulder joint.


title: SLAP tear

text: Phase 3, usually weeks 6 through 10, permits elbow flexion resistive exercises, now allowing the biceps to come into play on the assumption that the labrum will have healed sufficiently to avoid injury.


title: SLAP tear

text: Thereafter, isokinetic exercises may be commenced from weeks 10 through 12 to 16, for advanced strengthening leading to return to full activity based on post surgical evaluation, strength, and functional range of motion. The periods of isokinetics through final clearance are sometimes referred to as phases four and five.


title: Primavera (software)

text: Primavera is an enterprise project portfolio management software. It includes project management, scheduling, risk analysis, opportunity management, resource management, collaboration and control capabilities, and integrates with other enterprise software such as Oracle and SAP’s ERP systems. Primavera was launched in 1983 by Primavera Systems Inc. which was acquired by Oracle Corporation in 2008.


title: Primavera (software)

text: As of 2008 Primavera Systems supported long-established products - P3 and Sure-Trak - and the newer P6 version. The long-standing P3 product in its various forms was used by 25% of the heavy construction industry, its predominant customer base; the next most popular software was used by 11%. Nearly 40% of general contractors with an annual revenue of $5M to $10M used Primavera P3. In comparison, the P6 version did not register in a CFMA 2008 survey of the United States construction industry. The P3 version to P6 version change is based in a move from DOS-type shortcut keys to mouse-based icons. Thus, a software application that was once very fast to use but grounded in shortcut functions (which some users found difficult to master) moved to a mouse-based application that is quick to learn but once mastered never achieves the same speed of use. The Primavera Project Planner DOS core launched in 1983 and the P3 Windows interface launched in 1994.


title: Primavera (software)

text: After a 27-year version life, Oracle ceased sales of the P3 and SureTrak versions on December 31, 2010.


title: Primavera (software)

text: In 2012, Primavera P6 EPPM Upgrade Release 8.2 added capabilities for governance, project-team participation, and project visibility. Mobile PPM was introduced through Primavera’s P6 Team Member for iPhone and Team Member Web Interface, to streamline communications between project team members in the field and in the office. In addition, Primavera P6 Analytics Release 2.0 gained new enterprise-reporting tools and dashboards for monitoring and analyzing performance data, including geospatial analysis. Organizations could also investigate comparative trends and cause-and-effect in multiple projects with Primavera Contract Management Release 14 as it included the report-writing capabilities of Oracle Business Intelligence Publisher.


title: Primavera (software)

text: In April 2013, Oracle Corporation announced the release of version 8.4 of Primavera P6 Enterprise Project Portfolio Management. This version incorporated material from Oracle's acquisitions of Skire and Instantis in 2012.


title: Primavera (software)

text: Primavera has been targeted by extortionists as a way to efficiently compromise digital business assets through fixable software security flaws, leading to a higher return in the usage of ransomware. A security patch is available for most of such exploits.


title: Kim Beazley

text: Kim Christian Beazley (born 14 December 1948) is an Australian former politician and diplomat. He was leader of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) and leader of the opposition from 1996 to 2001 and 2005 to 2006, having previously been a cabinet minister in the Hawke and Keating governments. After leaving parliament he served as ambassador to the United States from 2010 to 2016 and governor of Western Australia from 2018 to 2022.


title: Kim Beazley

text: Beazley was born in Perth, the son of politician Kim Beazley. He studied at the University of Western Australia and Balliol College, Oxford, as a Rhodes Scholar. After a period as a lecturer at Murdoch University, Beazley was elected to Parliament at the 1980 election, winning the Division of Swan. Prime Minister Bob Hawke appointed Beazley to the Cabinet following Labor's victory at the 1983 election, and Beazley served as a minister continuously through to the party's defeat at the 1996 election. His roles included Minister for Defence from 1984 to 1990, Leader of the House from 1988 to 1996, Minister for Finance from 1993 to 1996 and Deputy Prime Minister from 1995 to 1996.


title: Kim Beazley

text: After Labor's 1996 defeat, Beazley was elected unopposed as Labor Leader, replacing Paul Keating. Despite winning the popular vote at the 1998 election, Beazley could not win enough seats to form government, and after a second defeat in 2001, he resigned the leadership. He attempted twice to return to the leadership, doing so in 2005 after Labor lost the 2004 election, but was successfully challenged by Kevin Rudd in December 2006 following poor opinion polling. Beazley retired from Parliament at the 2007 election, which Labor won, and in 2010 was appointed Ambassador to the United States. He held this role until 2016, before being nominated as Governor of Western Australia by Premier Mark McGowan in 2018.


title: Kim Beazley

text: Beazley was born at King Edward Memorial Hospital in Subiaco, Western Australia, on 14 December 1948. His father, Kim Beazley, was the Labor MP for Fremantle from 1945 to 1977 and served as Minister for Education in the Whitlam Government from 1972 to 1975. His mother, Betty Judge, was an Australian athletics champion and record-holder. Beazley's uncle, the Reverend Syd Beazley, was one of the more than 1,000 prisoners of war who died in the sinking of the in July 1942.


title: Kim Beazley

text: Beazley contracted polio at the age of six. He was educated at Hollywood Senior High School and later the University of Western Australia, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts and subsequently a Master of Arts. He subsequently won a Rhodes Scholarship to attend Balliol College, Oxford, where he graduated with a Master of Philosophy. While at Oxford, he befriended Tony Blair, who would later become Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, and Geoff Gallop, who would later become Premier of Western Australia. On his return to Australia, Beazley tutored and lectured in politics at Murdoch University in Perth. A Labor Party member since his youth, he joined the right-wing Labor Unity faction, alongside fellow future Cabinet Ministers Graham Richardson and John Ducker. He won selection for the seat of Division of Swan in 1979, and was elected to the House of Representatives at the 1980 election.


title: Kim Beazley

text: Beazley was considered a protege of newly-elected Prime Minister Bob Hawke, who like Beazley was a Western Australian former Rhodes Scholar. Hawke appointed Beazley to the Cabinet immediately after his election in 1983, making him Minister for Aviation. Following a reshuffle after the 1984 election, Beazley was promoted to become Minister for Defence, a role he would hold until 1990, making him one of the longest-serving holders of that post. Beazley took a particularly active role as Defence Minister, appearing frequently in the press, and was responsible for establishing the Royal Australian Navy's submarine programme, although this would be beset by technical problems. Beazley's time as Defence Minister, combined with his lifelong interest in military matters and enthusiasm for military hardware earned him the nickname "Bomber Beazley" in the press.


title: Kim Beazley

text: In 1988, Hawke appointed Beazley to the additional role of Leader of the House, a position he would continue to hold until the end of the Labor Government in 1996. After the 1990 election, Beazley requested to be moved to the role of Minister for Transport and Communications in order to gain greater exposure to domestic political issues. He served in this role until 1991, and fervently supported Hawke during that year's leadership tensions between Hawke and Paul Keating. After Keating successfully challenged Hawke and became Prime Minister in December 1991, he moved Employment and Education, putting Beazley in charge of overseeing the creation of the Government's welfare-to-work programmes as part of the economic package 'One Nation'.


title: Kim Beazley

text: Beazley was considered to be a strong supporter of Keating following Labor's fifth consecutive victory at the 1993 election, and in a reshuffle that year, Keating appointed Beazley as Minister for Finance, where he helped to establish the Government's landmark reform of establishing compulsory superannuation schemes. After Brian Howe chose to retire from politics in June 1995, Beazley was elected unopposed to succeed him as Deputy Leader of the Labor Party and was duly appointed Deputy Prime Minister, a role which he held until Labor's defeat at the 1996 election.


title: Kim Beazley

text: Beazley's hold on his seat of Swan grew increasingly tenuous over the years. He saw his majority more than halved in 1990, an election that came during a bad time for the incumbent Labor government in Western Australia. Three years later, he was nearly defeated despite a nationwide swing to Labor. Ahead of the 1996 election, Beazley successfully sought nomination for the safer Labor seat of Brand, just south of his previous seat.


title: Kim Beazley

text: After Labor's heavy defeat by the Coalition under John Howard in 1996, Beazley was elected unopposed as Leader of the Labor Party, becoming Leader of the Opposition.


title: Kim Beazley

text: Beazley made a strong start in the role, quickly gaining a lead in opinion polls, particularly after Howard broke his previous commitment not to introduce a Goods and Services Tax (GST). Beazley was Labor's lead representative at the Constitutional Convention in February 1998 which was called to discuss the issue of Australia becoming a republic. Beazley advocated "minimalist" change and described transition to a republic as "unfinished business" for Australia. He said that foreigners "find it strange and anachronistic, as many Australians now clearly do, that our head of state is not an Australian". Subsequently, at the 1998 election, Labor polled a majority of the two-party vote and received the largest swing to a first-term opposition since 1934. However, while Labor regained much of what it had lost in its severe defeat of two years earlier, the uneven concentration of their vote left Labor eight seats short of making Beazley Prime Minister. Much of the Labor swing came in seats it already held, not in the seats it needed to take back government.


title: Kim Beazley

text: Despite defeat, by securing a majority of the vote just two years after a landslide defeat, Beazley was re-elected unopposed as Labor Leader. The party spent much of the following three years well ahead in the opinion polls, and seemed set to win the next election, but in August 2001, following the Tampa affair when the Howard Government refused to allow several hundred asylum seekers to disembark on Christmas Island, Beazley was judged to have failed in response. Beazley's momentum was further stalled by the September 11 attacks, which saw an increase in support for Howard, who pledged to support the United States, and Labor subsequently lost the 2001 election.


title: Kim Beazley

text: Although Labor's loss in 2001 was narrow, having lost two elections in a row, Beazley felt obliged to resign as Labor Leader; he was succeeded by Simon Crean, and sat on the backbench for the first time since 1983. Despite initial improvements in Labor's opinion polling, by mid-2003 Crean was performing very badly against Howard as preferred Prime Minister, and Labor MPs began to fear that the Coalition would easily win the next election. Beazley was persuaded to challenge Crean for the leadership in June, although Crean was comfortably re-elected.


title: Kim Beazley

text: Despite this, Crean continued to perform poorly in opinion polling, and on 28 November 2003, Crean announced that he would be resigning as Labor Leader. Beazley immediately announced that he would contesting the leadership, but was narrowly defeated by Shadow Treasurer Mark Latham by 47 votes to 45. After the result, Beazley announced he would remain in Parliament, but was unlikely to return to the frontbench again. In July 2004, however, Latham arranged for Beazley to return to the Labor frontbench as Shadow Defence Minister. This followed controversy over Latham's policy of withdrawing Australian troops from Iraq by the end of 2004. Beazley's return to the front bench was generally seen as a move by Latham to reassure Australian public opinion that a Labor government would not put the United States–Australian alliance at risk. Later that month, Beazley was forced to battle claims he had a "special relationship" with Ratih Hardjono when he was Defence Minister; it was alleged this relationship posed a security risk.


title: Kim Beazley

text: Labor was comfortably defeated at the 2004 election, at which Beazley also became the longest-serving Labor MP. After Mark Latham resigned the leadership, Beazley was elected unopposed to replace him in January 2005. Rejecting doubts from some that Labor could win the 2007 election with a leader who had already lost two elections, Beazley said: "There's no doubt in my mind that I can lead a winning team in the next election." Kevin Rudd and Julia Gillard had considered standing in the election, but withdrew at the last moment.


title: Kim Beazley

text: In the first half of 2006, Beazley focused much of the Labor Party's efforts on the Australian Wheat Board (AWB) scandal and the Government's WorkChoices legislation; the former allegedly involved bribes and kickbacks with the then-Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein that breached UN sanctions. The situation reached a climax in the aftermath of Treasurer Peter Costello's 2006 Budget, whereby for the first time in Australian political history, the Opposition Leader ceased questioning the Budget papers in favour of further questioning on the AWB scandal. This led to heavy media criticism for the Labor Party, although some acknowledged the need for the Government to be held accountable for the AWB scandal.


title: Kim Beazley

text: These perceived tactical deficiencies plagued Beazley's return to the leadership and were amplified by factional infighting in the broader Labor Party, raising many questions concerning Beazley's ability to lead. At the time, opinion polls by ACNielsen and Newspoll for preferred Prime Minister had him at record lows. This was confirmed in a forum on the SBS "Insight" television program on 2 May 2006. Beazley said that, whilst winning an election would be difficult, he was adamant that the 2007 election would be a "referendum on the Howard Government's unfair industrial relations laws".


title: Kim Beazley

text: Beazley's leadership was fatally undermined following several public gaffes, including at a press conference on 17 November 2006 when Beazley confused the name of grieving TV host Rove McManus with George W. Bush adviser Karl Rove. Following this, Kevin Rudd and Julia Gillard reached an agreement to challenge Beazley as a joint-ticket, with Rudd as Leader and Gillard as Deputy Leader, and on 30 November 2006, Rudd declared his intention to challenge for the leadership. At the ballot held on 4 December, Rudd defeated Beazley by 49 votes to 39.


title: Kim Beazley

text: Following the ballot, Beazley said of his political future, "For me to do anything further in the Australian Labor Party I would say is Lazarus with a quadruple bypass. So the time has come for me to move on but when that gets properly formalised I will let you know." It was subsequently revealed that Beazley's brother David had died of a heart attack at age 53 shortly before the vote took place; Prime Minister John Howard led tributes to Beazley, saying that he was a "thoroughly decent man" and expressed his "genuine sorrow" both for his political demise and for his family tragedy.


title: Kim Beazley

text: Several figures later speculated that the removal of Beazley as leader in 2006 may have been a mistake in retrospect given the subsequent leadership chaos that engulfed the Labor Government from 2010 to 2013. After her own fall as Prime Minister, Julia Gillard expressed regret in working with Rudd to roll Beazley as leader.


title: Kim Beazley

text: Beazley announced on 13 December 2006 that he would retire from Parliament at the 2007 election, which Labor won in a landslide. In 2009, Beazley was appointed Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) for his service to the Australian Parliament.


title: Kim Beazley

text: Beazley was appointed a professorial fellow at the University of Western Australia, teaching politics, public policy and international relations. He also served as Chancellor of the Australian National University from 2009 to 2010, having succeeded Allan Hawke. He was also appointed as a Member of the Council of Advisors of the United States Studies Centre at the University of Sydney.


title: Kim Beazley

text: In September 2009, Prime Minister Kevin Rudd announced that he would appoint Beazley as Australian Ambassador to the United States. His appointment began on 17 February 2010. In his role as Ambassador, he promoted global free trade through the Trans-Pacific Partnership and has opposed protectionism. He was succeeded by former Treasurer Joe Hockey in January 2016.


title: Kim Beazley

text: In February 2016, shortly after returning to Australia, Beazley was made President of the Australian Institute of International Affairs. Beazley was also named a Distinguished Fellow of the Australian Strategic Policy Institute.


title: Kim Beazley

text: In September 2017, it was reported that Beazley was the favoured choice of Premier Mark McGowan to replace Kerry Sanderson as Governor of Western Australia when her term expired in 2018. On 3 April 2018, McGowan confirmed that on his advice, Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia had approved Beazley to replace Sanderson. Beazley was sworn in as Governor on 1 May 2018. In an interview with John Anderson in 2018, Beazley explained why he continued in public life: I've always had a concern with Australian survival, when you look at the various commitments I've had in political life, an awful lot of it revolves around our national defence. And the sense that I have is that survival is a close run thing for Australia. Survival on many fronts. The quality of our community is part of that. Our education system is part of that. Our family life is part of that. But also the physical defence of our approaches is part of that. You think about your kids. You think about your grandkids. You think about everybody else's kids. You think about your friends. And you think, what we've got here is a society worth preserving and worth improving. And if you find yourself lucky enough to engage with it... then you must continue.


title: Kim Beazley

text: Beazley was married to Mary Ciccarelli from 1974 to 1988, together they had two children, and later to Susie Annus from 1990, with whom he had one child. One of his children, Hannah Beazley, is currently the member for Victoria Park in the Western Australian Legislative Assembly. Hannah had unsuccessfully contested Beazley's seat of Swan, in the 2019 federal election.


title: Patricia Broderick

text: Patricia Biow Broderick (February 23, 1925 – November 18, 2003) was an American playwright and painter. She was the wife of actor James Broderick and the mother of actor Matthew Broderick.


title: Patricia Broderick

text: Broderick was born Patricia Biow in New York City, the daughter of Sophie (née Taub) (1895–1943) and Milton H. Biow (1892–1976), president of an advertising firm. Her family were Jewish immigrants from Germany and Poland. When she was 18, her mother died in 1943 at the age of 48. Her father died 33 years later. In Mexico, Broderick studied painting with Rufino Tamayo who had been her art teacher at the Dalton School in Manhattan. She began writing plays in the 1940s and several of them were performed in New York and London. Her 1996 screenplay for "Infinity" was based on the life of Nobel Prize-winning physicist Richard Feynman.


title: Patricia Broderick

text: Her paintings were displayed in several galleries in New York and across the country. Broderick's partner of her last six years was the painter John Wesley.


title: Patricia Broderick

text: She married her first husband Jay Kaner in 1945, they divorced in 1947 after two years of marriage. She married her second husband, actor James Broderick in 1949. Together they had three children, including actor Matthew Broderick.


title: Adolf

text: Adolf (also spelt Adolph or Adolphe, Adolfo and when Latinised Adolphus) is a given name used in German-speaking countries, Scandinavia, the Netherlands and Flanders, France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Latin America and to a lesser extent in various Central European and East European countries with non-Germanic languages, such as Lithuanian Adolfas and Latvian Ādolfs. Adolphus can also appear as a surname, as in John Adolphus, the English historian. The female forms Adolphine and Adolpha are far more rare than the male names.


title: Adolf

text: The name is a compound derived from the Old High German "Athalwolf" (or "Hadulf"), a composition of "athal", or "adal", meaning "noble" (or "had(u)"-, meaning "battle, combat"), and "wolf". The name is cognate to the Anglo-Saxon name "Æthelwulf" (also Eadulf or Eadwulf). The name can also be derived from the ancient Germanic elements "Wald" meaning "power", "brightness" and wolf (Waldwulf).


title: Adolf

text: Due to negative associations with Adolf Hitler, it has declined in popularity since the end of World War II.


title: Adolf

text: During the 19th and early 20th century, "Adolf" was a popular name for baby boys in German-speaking countries and to a lesser extent also in French-speaking countries (spelled there as "Adolphe"). Due to negative associations with Adolf Hitler, it has declined in popularity as a given name for males since the end of World War II. After Hitler came to power, "Adolf" became popular again, especially in 1933-1934 and 1937. From 1942, when more and more Germans began to suspect that the war Hitler had started could end in disaster, Adolf's share of all boys' first names plummeted steadily. It remains common among men born before 1945. Adolf Dassler, the founder of Adidas, used his nickname, 'Adi', in his professional life and for the name of his company. After 1945, a few German people have been named "Adolf" due to family traditions.


title: Adolf

text: Similarly, the French version, "Adolphe"—previously a fairly common name in France and the name of a classic French novel—has virtually disappeared, along with Italian "Adolfo".


title: Adolf

text: However, the Spanish and Portuguese version, "Adolfo", has not become stigmatised in the same way. It is still in common use in Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking countries across the world.


title: Hong Myung-bo

text: Hong Myung-bo (, Hanja: 洪明甫; ; born 12 February 1969) is a South Korean former footballer who played as a sweeper, and the current head coach of Ulsan Hyundai. Hong is often considered one of the greatest Asian footballers of all time.


title: Hong Myung-bo

text: Hong was a member of the South Korean national team in four FIFA World Cups, and was the first Asian player to play in four consecutive World Cup final tournaments. He is also the first Asian player ever to receive the Bronze Ball at the World Cup. He gained attention after showing his outstanding ability in World Cup and Asian competitions. He received some votes in elections for the FIFA World Player of the Year, finishing 21st in 1996 and 17th in 2002. Furthermore, he was also selected for the FIFA 100, Pelé's selection about the 125 greatest living footballers in the world.


title: Hong Myung-bo

text: Hong was named in South Korea's squad for the 1990 FIFA World Cup just four months after his international debut. The youngest South Korean player to participate in the tournament, Hong played all of the three matches in the group stage and received the most praise in South Korea despite losing all group matches.


title: Hong Myung-bo

text: Hong was selected as a member of South Korean Universiade team in 1991. He stabilized South Korea's defense, helping them advance to the final. He scored South Korea's first penalty in the shoot-out after South Korea drew the final with the Netherlands without a goal during 120 minutes. Hong and South Korea won a gold medal by defeating the Netherlands on penalties.


title: Hong Myung-bo

text: Hong's talent began to receive attention in earnest since the 1994 FIFA World Cup. When South Korea had only five minutes to catch up Spain, which was leading the match with the score of 2–0, he scored South Korea's first goal outside the penalty area, and assisted his teammate Seo Jung-won to score the equaliser shortly after his goal. While South Korea was losing to defending champions Germany by conceding three goals in the first half, Hong scored one of South Korea's two goals in the second half with a long-range shot to escape defeat.


title: Hong Myung-bo

text: Hong participated in the 1994 Asian Games after the World Cup, but he injured his knee during the quarter-final match against Japan. South Korea lost to Uzbekistan in the semi-finals after he quit the tournament.


title: Hong Myung-bo

text: While Park Jong-hwan managed South Korean national team, Hong was in conflict with Park who had a coercive disposition, and was criticized for forming his faction in the team. He was also doubted whether he played the game lazily after South Korea lost 6–2 to Iran in the quarter-finals of the 1996 AFC Asian Cup.


title: Hong Myung-bo

text: Under the next manager Cha Bum-kun, South Korea recorded one draw and two defeats including a 5–0 loss to the Netherlands in the group stage of the 1998 FIFA World Cup. Hong also failed to prevent South Korea's elimination in the group stage.


title: Hong Myung-bo

text: Hong was going to be selected as an over-aged player of South Korean under-23 team for the 2000 Summer Olympics, but he was injured just before the tournament.


title: Hong Myung-bo

text: In the 2000 AFC Asian Cup, Hong was selected for the All-Star Team, although South Korea failed to win the title by losing the semi-final match against Saudi Arabia.


title: Hong Myung-bo

text: Hong captained South Korea to a historic fourth-place finish in the 2002 FIFA World Cup. He scored the winning penalty to secure a 5–3 shoot-out victory after a goalless draw in the quarter-final match against Spain. The Technical Study Group voted Hong as the third best player of the tournament, giving the Bronze Ball to him. He became the first-ever Asian player to be named one of the top three players in a World Cup.


title: Hong Myung-bo

text: In that year, Hong ended his international career after a friendly match against World Cup champions Brazil as the all-time leader in appearances for South Korean national team.


title: Hong Myung-bo

text: Hong didn't have rapid pace, untiring stamina or outstanding ability in man-to-man defense, but he possessed a wide field of vision as well as great leadership skills with which he marshalled his defensive partners. An offensive sweeper, he was noted for his accurate long-range passing skills which greatly contributed to South Korea's attack. He was nicknamed the "Eternal Libero" by the South Korean media, and became a preeminent icon of South Korean football during his era.


title: Hong Myung-bo

text: On 26 September 2005, after his retirement as a player, Hong returned to the national team as assistant coach. Helping the manager Dick Advocaat, he took part in the 2006 FIFA World Cup, and worked with the next manager Pim Verbeek in the 2007 AFC Asian Cup. After the resignation of Verbeek, he was one of the candidates to become the next manager.


title: Hong Myung-bo

text: The Korean FA announced that it had appointed him as the South Korea under-20 team, on 19 February 2009. Under his guidance the team reached the quarter-finals of the 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup, but were eliminated due to a 3–2 defeat to Ghana, the eventual champions.


title: Hong Myung-bo

text: Hong also served an assistant coach for South Korea under-23 team under Park Sung-hwa. In October 2009, he took over the coaching duties at under-23 team. He led his team into third place in the 2010 Asian Games. On 10 August 2012, Hong Myung-bo coached the men's Olympic team to a 2–0 win over Japan to secure the bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics, which set up a record by obtaining the first medal ever for South Korea in Olympic football as well as being the first Asian team in 44 years to win a medal at that event.


title: Hong Myung-bo

text: He was named as assistant manager to Guus Hiddink at Anzhi Makhachkala in August 2012. After Choi Kang-hee, the former head coach of South Korea, took the responsibility of the team's poor performance in 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification and resigned from his position, Hong Myung-bo was appointed as the new head coach of the team on 24 June 2013 to prepare the team for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. After a winless World Cup campaign, Hong resigned from his post on 10 July 2014.


title: Hong Myung-bo

text: Hong married Cho Soo-mi, who was five years younger than him, in 1997. He has two sons, Hong Seong-min and Hong Jeong-min. One of them is currently attending Korea International School. Hong also has two younger siblings. Hong is known for his reticence and charisma.


title: Greenock Morton F.C.

text: Greenock Morton Football Club is a Scottish professional football club, which plays in the Scottish Championship. The club was founded as Morton Football Club in 1874, making it one of the oldest senior Scottish clubs. Morton was renamed Greenock Morton in 1994 to celebrate the links with its home town of Greenock.


title: Greenock Morton F.C.

text: Morton won the Scottish Cup in 1922, and achieved its highest league finish in 1916–17, as runners-up to champions Celtic. Morton holds the record for the most promotions to and relegations from the top flight (10 promotions and 10 relegations), but has not competed in the top flight of the Scottish football league system since 1988. In 2014–15, Morton won its tenth league title in all divisions by winning the Scottish League One championship on the final day.


title: Greenock Morton F.C.

text: Morton Football Club was established in 1874. In the early 1870s the popularity of football was growing, with many clubs being established around Scotland. At the club's inaugural meeting, the first recorded words were "that this club be called Morton Football Club". The true reason for the name 'Morton' remains unclear, though the general consensus is that the club was named after the 'Morton Terrace', a row of houses next to the original playing field, where some of the players lived. The name would be altered in 1994 to read 'Greenock Morton Football Club', to celebrate the club's links with its hometown, though it is still almost universally referred to as 'Morton'.


title: Greenock Morton F.C.

text: Morton was one of the founding members of the old Second Division, formed in 1893, and finished 8th in its first season. Morton first gained promotion to the old First Division in 1899–1900, and finished 4th in its first season there.


title: Greenock Morton F.C.

text: Morton's greatest success came in its 1–0 defeat of Rangers in the 1922 Scottish Cup Final. Calum McGinn scored the winning goal directly from a free kick in the 11th minute. Right after the match Morton boarded a train for Hartlepool to play the local side in a pre-arranged friendly match. The celebrations were delayed until the following Wednesday when 10,000 locals turned out at Cappielow Park to celebrate.


title: Greenock Morton F.C.

text: Morton has made two other major cup final appearances. On Saturday 17 April 1948, Morton drew 1–1 with Rangers in the Scottish Cup Final. Morton's goal was a free kick scored by Jimmy White. The match was replayed on Wednesday 21 April. This time Rangers won 1–0 after extra time. The goal was said to be highly controversial because it was claimed that Morton goalkeeper Jimmy Cowan was blinded by the flash of a camera. These matches were significant because of the huge crowds they attracted. The first match was played in front of 132,629. The replay, in front of 133,750, was at the time a British record attendance for a midweek match.


title: Greenock Morton F.C.

text: Morton's third and final major cup final to date was in the League Cup, played on Saturday, 26 October 1963. As in its previous two final appearances, Morton's opponent was once again Rangers. The Glasgow side won by 5 goals to nil(HT: 0–0) in front of 106,000 supporters.


title: Greenock Morton F.C.

text: During the Second World War 'guest' players were common at clubs throughout Great Britain. Morton was particularly fortunate in this respect in that two of English football's greatest ever players turned out at Cappielow. Sir Stanley Matthews and Tommy Lawton made several guest appearances for Morton. When Morton reached the 1948 Scottish Cup Final both players sent telegrams wishing good luck to their former club. Matthews simply said 'I am delighted to see Morton reach the final of the Scottish Cup'. Lawton's was more expressive, he said 'Memories of happy days during the war at Cappielow compel me to wish the Morton manager & the boys all the best of luck in their cup final at Hampden'.


title: Greenock Morton F.C.

text: To date Morton has played in a European Club Competition once. After finishing 6th in Scotland's top division in 1967–68 Morton qualified for the European Inter-Cities Fairs Cup (now the UEFA Europa League). Drawn to play Chelsea, the club was eliminated at the first hurdle after a 5–0 defeat at Stamford Bridge and a 4–3 defeat at Cappielow.


title: Greenock Morton F.C.

text: In 1992–93 Morton lost 3–2 to Hamilton Academical in the Scottish Challenge Cup Final in front of 7,391 fans. The final was played at Love Street, the home of Morton's arch rivals St Mirren.


title: Greenock Morton F.C.

text: After experiencing financial problems the team was relegated from the First Division at the end of the 2000–01 season after a six-year stay and was put into administration. The club's financial problems continued and a second successive relegation followed. In season 2002–03, Morton's first ever season in the Third Division, the club's financial situation was resolved by the takeover by chairman Douglas Rae. Rae appointed John McCormack as manager, and the team won the Third Division championship at the first attempt, confirming its position with a 1–0 victory over Peterhead in front of a then Third Division record crowd of 8,497 people.


title: Greenock Morton F.C.

text: After a strong start to the 2003–04 season, the team fell away after the turn of the year, and finished in 4th place, well outside the promotion places. This came after being 12 points ahead in the Championship race at the half-way stage. This led to unfounded allegations that some players had placed large bets on nearest rivals Airdrie United to win the league, which Airdrie eventually did.


title: Greenock Morton F.C.

text: Jim McInally was announced as McCormack's successor, and in his first season as manager the club failed to gain promotion to the First Division by a single point, finishing behind Stranraer in 3rd place.


title: Greenock Morton F.C.

text: Morton failed to gain promotion to the First Division during the 2005–06 season. Finishing 2nd was not enough, as the SFL playoffs meant that only the championship-winning team would be promoted automatically. Gretna won the division, so Morton entered play-offs along with Peterhead (3rd), Partick Thistle (4th), and Stranraer (9th in Division One). Morton's first play-off match was against Peterhead, and the Greenock side was defeated 1–0 over two legs, the only goal a penalty in the second match at Balmoor.


title: Greenock Morton F.C.

text: The following season, a week after a 9–1 defeat of Forfar Athletic at Cappielow Park, Morton achieved promotion to the First Division, and went on to become Second Division Champions.


title: Greenock Morton F.C.

text: Jim McInally resigned on 11 February 2008 after a run of poor results allowed Morton to slip into 9th place in the First Division and was replaced by Davie Irons, with Derek Collins joining him as Assistant Manager. Morton battled relegation for most of the season and survived on the final day with a 3–0 victory against Partick Thistle, to avoid the relegation playoff by a single goal. Irons was sacked in September 2009 and replaced October by James Grady until the end of the season.


title: Greenock Morton F.C.

text: Grady was removed from the club in May 2010, and replaced by Allan Moore. Allan Moore was sacked after a 5–1 defeat at home to Livingston on 23 November 2013. His replacement Kenny Shiels was given a contract until the end of season 2014–2015, but failed to reverse the slide towards relegation from the Scottish Championship, which became a reality on 12 April 2014 after a 2–0 away defeat by Alloa Athletic. Shiels resigned after a 10–2 defeat by Hamilton Accies.


title: Greenock Morton F.C.

text: After the resignation of Shiels, Jim Duffy was appointed as manager. He won the Scottish League One to return the club the Championship at the first time of asking. This league victory earned Morton's tenth league title, making it the joint third most crowned league champions in Scotland along with Hibernian, but behind Rangers (57) and Celtic (51). Duffy was sacked in April 2018 after the club finished in 7th place in the Championship after a promising start. At the end of the 2017–18 season, Chairman Douglas Rae retired after 17 years and handed the role to his son Crawford, before dying less than two months later.


title: Greenock Morton F.C.

text: Jim Duffy was replaced by Ray McKinnon in May 2018 on a one-year contract; however McKinnon left to join league rivals Falkirk after just three months, being replaced by ex-reserve team manager Jonatan Johansson on a two-year deal.


title: Greenock Morton F.C.

text: The team's home strip is traditionally a blue and white hooped shirt with white shorts and white socks, though season 2006–07 saw the team playing a blue and white striped shirt with white shorts and blue socks. Short-lived yet distinctive designs have been used over the years, including sky blue and white stripes in the style of the Argentine national team and even a blue Morton tartan. The away strip tends to vary much more: for the 2003–04 season it was an all yellow outfit, changing in 2004–05 to all white, which in turn became the 3rd team strip in 2005–06, with the special re-issue of the blue Morton tartan strip.


title: Greenock Morton F.C.

text: For the 2021–22 season, the club issued a commemorative 'throwback' home kit with a similar design to that worn in their 1922 Scottish Cup Final victory, with no sponsor.


title: Greenock Morton F.C.

text: Morton's stadium is Cappielow Park in Greenock, a ground the club has occupied since 1879. The current capacity is , with 5,741 of these being seated. In December 2008, Morton purchased the Reid Kerr sponsored east stand from local rivals St Mirren for £50,000, to improve the away end at Cappielow.


title: Greenock Morton F.C.

text: The area currently behind the western goal (upon which the new stand will be built) is known as the Wee Dublin End, which contains non-backed bench seating, converted from the old terracing that once stood there. The main stand contains plastic bucket seating to replace the old wooden benches that were a fixture of the ground until the late 1990s. The "Cowshed" lies to the north of the pitch; formerly a fully terraced arena for both home and away supporters (complete with segregation fence down the middle), it is now for home supporters only, with much of the frontal terracing removed, and plastic bucket seats occupying its place. The segregation fence no longer exists, and the whole area is used by home supporters. Behind the eastern goal is the "Sinclair Street" end, with uncovered terracing.


title: Greenock Morton F.C.

text: Greenock Morton has several supporters' clubs based in Greenock and the surrounding towns. The main clubs are The Andy Ritchie Travel Club, The Prince of Wales Travel Club, The Greenock Morton Supporters Club, The Gourock Morton Supporters (Formerly The Albert Hotel Morton Supporters Club) and The Spinnaker Hotel Supporters Club.


title: Greenock Morton F.C.

text: The club has a fierce rivalry with neighbours St Mirren, with whom they contest the Renfrewshire derby. It is a rivalry which sees a large amount of animosity between the two sets of fans.


title: Greenock Morton F.C.

text: The last signed player to earn a full international cap whilst playing for Morton – Fouad Bachirou for Comoros in 2014.


title: Greenock Morton F.C.

text: The last signed Morton player to receive international honours for Scotland was Jai Quitongo in 2016, for the under-21 side.


title: Greenock Morton F.C.

text: Morton first entered the Scottish Cup in 1877–78 season, and won it once in 1922. Over the course of Morton's time in the competition it has changed format seven times, to its current format of 8 rounds and 2 preliminary rounds.


title: King's Field IV

text: King's Field IV, released in North America as King's Field: The Ancient City, is an action role-playing video game developed by FromSoftware for the PlayStation 2 in 2001. It is the fourth and final game in the "King's Field" series. It was released in North America by Agetec in 2002 and in Europe by Metro3D in 2003.


title: King's Field IV

text: In the land of Heladin, something is amiss. Their king, smitten by a strange idol that was given to him as a gift, lies dying. The country was enveloped with a strange sorrow, a certain darkness that stains the soul of man. Ever since the idol was brought into the kingdom, the once prosperous nation fell into a state of corruption and decay. Fearing for the life of his king and home, the sword master Septiego took a battalion of his best men to return the idol which was believed to be the source of this tragedy. Alas, the party was neither seen nor heard from again. The idol was presumed lost forever, but the decay of the nation continued.


title: King's Field IV

text: Meanwhile, in the adjoining kingdom of Azalin, a shrouded figure appears at the doorstep of Prince Devian. From within his cloak, the dark stranger produced the object of Heladin's corruption: The Idol of Sorrow. The idol was originally taken from the ruined depths of the Holy Land, now known as the Land of Disaster, and given to the unsuspecting king of Heladin. If the idol remained outside of the ancient city, Heladin, and possibly Azalin, was doomed to mirror the twisted metropolis that spanned the vast caverns of the Land of Disaster.


title: King's Field IV

text: With strong resolve, Devian embarked on his quest to return the cursed idol and return prosperity and vitality to his neighboring kingdom. His adventure though the ancient city would lead him to many discoveries long since lost after the collapse of the Holy Land. He would encounter the last vestiges of Septiego's troupe, and eventually discover their master's fate. Prince Devian would learn about the ancient and wise Forest Folk, the neighboring Earth Folk, and their war against the nightmarish Dark Folk. All of these secrets and more would be revealed to the young Prince, but does he have the strength of heart to harbor such monstrous truths?


title: King's Field IV

text: The game received "mixed" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. In Japan, "Famitsu" gave it a score of 30 out of 40.


title: Emerald Coast

text: The Emerald Coast is an unofficial name for the coastal area in the US state of Florida on the Gulf of Mexico that stretches about through five counties, Escambia, Santa Rosa, Okaloosa, Walton, and Bay, which include Pensacola Beach, Navarre Beach, Fort Walton Beach, Destin, and Panama City Beach. Some south Alabama communities on the coast of Baldwin County, such as Gulf Shores, Orange Beach, and Fort Morgan embrace the term as well.


title: Emerald Coast

text: Beginning in 1946, for marketing purposes the coast from Fort Walton Beach to Panama City was named the "Playground of the Gulf Coast", as witnessed by the name of the Fort Walton Beach newspaper, the "Playground News", later the "Playground Daily News", and now the "Northwest Florida Daily News".


title: Emerald Coast

text: In 1952, this stretch of coast was dubbed the "Miracle Strip" by Claude Jenkins, a local journalist. The term was reflected in the former Miracle Strip Amusement Park, its successor Miracle Strip at Pier Park and other local businesses. The name "Miracle Strip" was officially adopted by 35 officials and members of three district Florida Motor Courts Association chapters on March 14, 1956, at a meeting held at the Staff Restaurant in Fort Walton Beach, for the 100-mile stretch of scenic Highway 98's "fabulous string of motels, hotels and nightspots" from Pensacola to Panama City. Members included representatives of local chambers of commerce.


title: Emerald Coast

text: According to the "Daily News", the term Emerald Coast was coined in 1983 by a junior high school student, Andrew Dier, who won $50 in the contest for a new area slogan. Since then, the term has been expanded by popular usage to cover all of the northwest coast of Florida from Pensacola Beach to Panama City Beach.


title: Emerald Coast

text: The area and particularly the beaches along the Emerald Coast from Pensacola to Panama City are also referred to as the "Redneck Riviera", alluding to the strong Southern culture of the hinterland. The Flora-Bama in Perdido Key at the Alabama border is a bar and music venue with a diverse Southern clientele.


title: Emerald Coast

text: Popular vacation destinations include Panama City, Pensacola, Pensacola Beach, Gulf Breeze, Navarre, Navarre Beach, Fort Walton Beach, Niceville, WaterColor, Panama City Beach, Destin, and Seaside, a planned community whose iconic pastel-paint and tin-roof construction was made famous in the Jim Carrey movie "The Truman Show", filmed in the area from 1996–1997. Other communities on the Emerald Coast are Perdido Key, Sandestin, Mexico Beach, Grayton Beach, Inlet Beach, and Santa Rosa Beach.


title: Emerald Coast

text: The area is a family drive destination, attracting tourists from across the Southern United States due to its close proximity. The Emerald Coast is a three-hour drive east of New Orleans. In the first decade of the 21st century, the popularity of the Emerald Coast expanded greatly, leading to new construction and rapid growth. Many development communities similar to Seaside sprang up in the southern part of Walton County and at the western end of Panama City Beach, raising property values.


title: Emerald Coast

text: Deep-sea fishing is an area attraction, with Destin holding the nickname "World's Luckiest Fishing Village" (and several saltwater world records) and Panama City Beach hosting the annual high-dollar Bay Point Billfish Invitational. The area has many seafood restaurants.


title: Emerald Coast

text: On 15 October 2019, the Okaloosa Board of County Commissioners approved a new “destination logo” that the Tourist Development Council had recommended, to be introduced in the TDC's new marketing campaign beginning in January 2020. The “Emerald Coast” will be dropped for a simplified logo reading Destin Fort Walton Beach, Florida. This aligns with the renaming of the Northwest Florida Regional Airport to the Destin–Fort Walton Beach Airport in February 2015.


title: Emerald Coast

text: This part of Florida is home to several military bases, with installations including Naval Air Station Pensacola (home of the Navy's Blue Angels demonstration team and the initial training site for all naval aviators), Hurlburt Field, Eglin Air Force Base (one of the largest military bases in America), Tyndall Air Force Base (home to the Air Force's F-22 Raptor fighter jets), Coastal Systems Station-Naval Surface Warfare Center (home to the Navy Experimental Diving Unit and Naval Diving & Salvage Training Center), and Corry Station Naval Technical Training Center.


title: Emerald Coast

text: The well-established military presence in the region has led to many film appearances, the earliest being the practice takeoff runs by Doolittle Raiders for "Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo", shot at Peel Field, an auxiliary field at Eglin Field, in 1944. Some scenes in the 1949 film "Twelve O'Clock High", another film about World War II, were also shot at Eglin.


title: Emerald Coast

text: The 1972 eco-horror film "Frogs" was filmed in Walton County, Florida, in and around the Wesley House, an old Southern mansion located in Eden Gardens State Park in the town of Point Washington, situated on Tucker Bayou off Choctawhatchee Bay.


title: Emerald Coast

text: The majority of scenes for "Jaws 2" (1978) were filmed in the region, in the Navarre area. Interiors for the youth's pinball hang-out were filmed in Fort Walton Beach at the now-razed original location of Hog's Breath Saloon on Okaloosa Island, and Bruce the Shark's control sled was placed on the bottom of the Gulf off Navarre Beach and the mainland community of Navarre.


title: Emerald Coast

text: "Redneck Riviera" is the title of a song by Tom T. Hall (from his 1996 album "Songs from Sopchoppy") about this region and the nearby Forgotten Coast. The song's lyrics include:


title: Emerald Coast

text: Country singer Luke Bryan opened a cigar store on 30A in Watersound, FL named "Shore Thing Cigars" on June 30, 2016.


title: BRCA mutation

text: A "BRCA" mutation is a mutation in either of the "BRCA1" and "BRCA2" genes, which are tumour suppressor genes. Hundreds of different types of mutations in these genes have been identified, some of which have been determined to be harmful, while others have no proven impact. Harmful mutations in these genes may produce a hereditary breast–ovarian cancer syndrome in affected persons. Only 5–10% of breast cancer cases in women are attributed to "BRCA1" and "BRCA2" mutations (with "BRCA1" mutations being slightly more common than "BRCA2" mutations), but the impact on women with the gene mutation is more profound. Women with harmful mutations in either "BRCA1" or "BRCA2" have a risk of breast cancer that is about five times the normal risk, and a risk of ovarian cancer that is about ten to thirty times normal. The risk of breast and ovarian cancer is higher for women with a high-risk "BRCA1" mutation than with a "BRCA2" mutation. Having a high-risk mutation does not guarantee that the woman will develop any type of cancer, or imply that any cancer that appears was actually caused by the mutation, rather than some other factor.


title: BRCA mutation

text: High-risk mutations, which disable an important error-free DNA repair process (homology directed repair), significantly increase the person's risk of developing breast cancer, ovarian cancer and certain other cancers. Why "BRCA1" and "BRCA2" mutations lead preferentially to cancers of the breast and ovary is not known, but lack of "BRCA1" function seems to lead to non-functional X-chromosome inactivation. Not all mutations are high-risk; some appear to be harmless variations. The cancer risk associated with any given mutation varies significantly and depends on the exact type and location of the mutation and possibly other individual factors.


title: BRCA mutation

text: Mutations can be inherited from either parent and may be passed on to both sons and daughters. Each child of a genetic carrier, regardless of sex, has a 50% chance of inheriting the mutated gene from the parent who carries the mutation. As a result, half of the people with "BRCA" gene mutations are male, who would then pass the mutation on to 50% of their offspring, male or female. The risk of "BRCA"-related breast cancers for men with the mutation is higher than for other men, but still low. However, "BRCA" mutations can increase the risk of other cancers, such as colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, and prostate cancer.


title: BRCA mutation

text: Methods to diagnose the likelihood of a patient with mutations in "BRCA1" and "BRCA2" getting cancer were covered by patents owned or controlled by Myriad Genetics. Myriad's business model of exclusively offering the diagnostic test led to Myriad growing from being a startup in 1994 to being a publicly traded company with 1200 employees and about $500M in annual revenue in 2012; it also led to controversy over high prices and the inability to get second opinions from other diagnostic labs, which in turn led to the landmark "Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics" lawsuit.


title: BRCA mutation

text: Women with deleterious mutations in either the "BRCA1" or "BRCA2" genes have a high risk of developing breast and/or ovarian cancer. Because different studies look at different populations, and because different types of mutations have somewhat different risks, the risk is best expressed as a range, rather than a single number.


title: BRCA mutation

text: Approximately 50% to 65% of women born with a deleterious mutation in "BRCA1" will develop breast cancer by age 70, and 35% to 46% will develop ovarian cancer by age 70. Approximately 40% to 57% of women with a deleterious mutation in "BRCA2" will develop breast cancer by age 70, and 13% to 23% will develop ovarian cancer by age 70.


title: BRCA mutation

text: Women with a breast cancer associated with a "BRCA" mutation have up to a 40% probability of developing a new primary breast cancer within 10 years following initial diagnosis if they did not receive tamoxifen treatment or have an oophorectomy. The woman's ten-year risk for ovarian cancer is also increased by 6-12% under these conditions.


title: BRCA mutation

text: Statistics for "BRCA"-related ovarian cancer typically encompass not only cancer of the ovaries themselves, but also peritoneal cancer and the very rare, but somewhat easier to detect, cancer of the Fallopian tubes. Women with a "BRCA" mutation have more than 100 times the normal rate of Fallopian tube cancer. These three types of these cancers can be difficult to distinguish in their advanced stages.


title: BRCA mutation

text: "BRCA"-related breast cancer appears at an earlier age than sporadic breast cancer. It has been asserted that "BRCA"-related breast cancer is more aggressive than normal breast cancer, however most studies in specific populations suggest little or no difference in survival rates despite seemingly worse prognostic factors.


title: BRCA mutation

text: "BRCA"-related ovarian and Fallopian tube cancer is more treatable than average because it is unusually susceptible to platinum-based chemotherapy like cisplatin. "BRCA1"-related ovarian cancer appears at younger ages, but the risk for women with "BRCA2" climbs markedly at or shortly after menopause.


title: BRCA mutation

text: A 25-year-old woman with no mutation in her "BRCA" genes has an 84% probability to reach at least the age of 70. Of those not surviving, 11% die from either breast or ovarian cancer, and 89% from other causes.


title: BRCA mutation

text: Compared to that, a woman with a high-risk "BRCA1" mutation, if she had breast cancer screening but no prophylactic medical or surgical intervention, would have only 59% chance to reach age 70, twenty-five percentage points lower than normal. Of those women not surviving, 26% would die of breast cancer, 46% ovarian cancer, and 28% other causes.


title: BRCA mutation

text: Women with high-risk "BRCA2" mutations, with screening but with no prophylactic medical or surgical intervention, would have only 71% chance to reach age 70, thirteen percentage points lower than normal. Of those not surviving, 21% would die of breast cancer, 25% ovarian cancer and 54% other causes.


title: BRCA mutation

text: The likelihood of surviving to at least age 70 can be improved by several medical interventions, notably prophylactic mastectomy and oophorectomy.


title: BRCA mutation

text: Men with a "BRCA" mutation have a dramatically elevated relative risk of developing breast cancer, but because the overall incidence of breast cancer in men is so low, the absolute risk is equal to or lower than the risk for women without a "BRCA" mutation. Approximately 1% to 2% of men with a "BRCA1" mutation will develop breast cancer by age 70. Approximately 6% of men with a "BRCA2" mutation will develop breast cancer by age 70, which is approximately equal to the risk for women without a "BRCA" mutation. Very few men, with or without a predisposing mutation, develop breast cancer before age 50.


title: BRCA mutation

text: Approximately half of men who develop breast cancer have a mutation in a "BRCA" gene or in one of the other genes associated with hereditary breast–ovarian cancer syndromes.


title: BRCA mutation

text: Breast cancer in men can be treated as successfully as breast cancer in women, but men often ignore the signs and symptoms of cancer, such as a painful area or an unusual swelling, which may be no bigger than a grain of rice, until it has reached a late stage.


title: BRCA mutation

text: Unlike other men, men with a "BRCA" mutation, especially a "BRCA2" mutation, may benefit from professional and self breast exams. Medical imaging is not usually recommended, but because male "BRCA2" carriers have a risk of breast cancer that is very similar to the general female population, the standard annual mammogram program can be adapted to these high-risk men.


title: BRCA mutation

text: Mutations have been associated with increased risk of developing any kind of invasive cancer, including stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, and colon cancer. Carriers have the normal risks of developing cancer (and other diseases) associated with increased age, smoking, alcohol consumption, poor diet, lack of exercise, and other known risk factors, plus the additional risk from the genetic mutations and an increased susceptibility to damage from ionizing radiation, including natural background radiation.


title: BRCA mutation

text: Men with "BRCA" mutations cannot get ovarian cancer, but they may be twice as likely as non-carriers to develop prostate cancer at a younger age. The risk is smaller and disputed for "BRCA1" carriers; up to one-third of "BRCA2" mutation carriers are expected to develop prostate cancer before age 65. Prostate cancer in "BRCA" mutation carriers tends to appear a decade earlier than normal, and it tends to be more aggressive than normal. As a result, annual prostate screening, including a digital rectal examination, is appropriate at age 40 among known carriers, rather than age 50.


title: BRCA mutation

text: Cancer of the pancreas tends to run in families, even among "BRCA" families. A "BRCA1" mutation approximately doubles or triples the lifetime risk of developing pancreatic cancer; a "BRCA2" mutation triples to quintuples it. Between 4% and 7% of people with pancreatic cancer have a "BRCA" mutation. However, since pancreatic cancer is relatively rare, people with a "BRCA2" mutation probably face an absolute risk of about 5%. Like ovarian cancer, it tends not to produce symptoms in the early, treatable stages. Like prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer associated with a "BRCA" mutation tends to appear about a decade earlier than non-hereditary cases. Asymptomatic screening is invasive and may be recommended only to "BRCA2" carriers who also have a family history of pancreatic cancer.


title: BRCA mutation

text: Melanoma is the most deadly skin cancer, although it is easily cured in the early stages. The normal likelihood of developing melanoma depends on race, the number of moles the person has, family history, age, sex, and how much the person has been exposed to UV radiation. "BRCA2" mutation carriers have approximately double or triple the risk that they would normally have, including a higher than average risk of melanoma of the eye.


title: BRCA mutation

text: Cancer of the colon is approximately as common in both men and women in the developed world as breast cancer is among average-risk women, with about 6% of people being diagnosed with it, usually over the age of 50. Like sporadic prostate cancer, it is a multifactorial disease, and is affected by age, diet, and similar factors. "BRCA" mutation carriers have a higher than average risk of this common cancer, but the risk is not as high as in some other hereditary cancers. The risk might be as high as four times normal in some "BRCA1" families, and double the normal risk among "BRCA2" carriers. Like pancreatic cancer, it may be that only some "BRCA" mutations or some "BRCA" families have the extra risk; unlike other "BRCA"-caused cancers, it does not appear at an earlier age than usual. Normal colon cancer screening is usually recommended to "BRCA" mutation carriers.


title: BRCA mutation

text: Mutations in "BRCA1" and "BRCA2" are strongly implicated in some hematological malignancies. "BRCA1" mutations are associated acute myelogenous leukemia and chronic myelogenous leukemia. Mutations of "BRCA2" are also found in many T-cell lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukemias.


title: BRCA mutation

text: The dilemma of whether or not to have children may be a source of stress for women who learn of their "BRCA" mutations during their childbearing years.


title: BRCA mutation

text: There is likely little or no effect of a "BRCA" gene mutation on overall fertility, although women with a "BRCA" mutation may be more likely to have primary ovarian insufficiency.


title: BRCA mutation

text: If both parents are carriers of a "BRCA" mutation, then pre-implantation genetic diagnosis is sometimes used to prevent the birth of a child with "BRCA" mutations. Inheriting two "BRCA1" mutations (one from each parent) has never been reported and is believed to be a lethal birth defect. Inheriting one "BRCA1" mutation and one "BRCA2" mutation has been reported occasionally; the child's risk for any given type of cancer is the higher risk of the two genes (e.g., the ovarian cancer risk from "BRCA1" and the pancreatic cancer risk from "BRCA2"). Inheriting two "BRCA2" mutations produces Fanconi anemia.


title: BRCA mutation

text: Each pregnancy in genetically typical women is associated with a significant reduction in the mother's risk of developing breast cancer after age 40. The younger the woman is at the time of her first birth, the more protection against breast cancer she receives. Breastfeeding for more than one year protects against breast cancer. Pregnancy also protects against ovarian cancer in genetically typical women.


title: BRCA mutation

text: Although some studies have produced different results, women with "BRCA" mutations are generally not expected to receive these significant protective benefits. Current research is too limited and imprecise to permit calculation of specific risks. However, the following general trends have been identified:


title: BRCA mutation

text: Both "BRCA" genes are tumor suppressor genes that produce proteins that are used by the cell in an enzymatic pathway that makes very precise, perfectly matched repairs to DNA molecules that have double-stranded breaks. The pathway requires proteins produced by several other genes, including "CHK2", "FANCD2" and "ATM". Harmful mutations in any of these genes disable the gene or the protein that it produces.


title: BRCA mutation

text: The cancer risk caused by "BRCA1" and "BRCA2" mutations are inherited in a dominant fashion even though usually only one mutated allele is directly inherited. This is because people with the mutation are likely to acquire a second mutation, leading to dominant expression of the cancer. A mutated "BRCA" gene can be inherited from either parent. Because they are inherited from the parents, they are classified as "hereditary" or "germline mutations" rather than "acquired" or "somatic mutations". Cancer caused by a mutated gene inherited from an individual's parents is a "hereditary cancer" rather than a "sporadic cancer".


title: BRCA mutation

text: Because humans have a diploid genome, each cell has two copies of the gene (one from each biological parent). Typically only one copy contains a disabling, inherited mutation, so the affected person is heterozygous for the mutation. If the functional copy is harmed, however, then the cell is forced to use alternate DNA repair mechanisms, which are more error-prone. The loss of the functional copy is called "loss of heterozygosity" (LOH). Any resulting errors in DNA repair may result in cell death or a cancerous transformation of the cell.


title: BRCA mutation

text: Some variants are harmless; others are known to be very harmful. Some single nucleotide polymorphisms may confer only a small risk, or may only confer risk in the presence of other mutations or under certain circumstances. In other cases, whether the variant is harmful is unknown. Variants are classified as follows:


title: BRCA mutation

text: Deleterious mutations have high, but not complete, genetic penetrance, which means that people with the mutation have a high risk of developing disease as a result, but that some people will not develop cancer despite carrying a harmful mutation.


title: BRCA mutation

text: Genetic counseling is recommended in women whose personal or family health history suggests a greater than average likelihood of a mutation. The purpose of genetic counseling is to educate the person about the likelihood of a positive result, the risks and benefits of being tested, the limitations of the tests, the practical meaning of the results, and the risk-reducing actions that could be taken if the results are positive. They are also trained to support people through any emotional reactions and to be a neutral person who helps the client make his or her own decision in an informed consent model, without pushing the client to do what the counselor might do. Because the knowledge of a mutation can produce substantial anxiety, some people choose not to be tested or to postpone testing until a later date.


title: BRCA mutation

text: Relative indications for testing for a mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 for newly diagnosed or family members include a family history among 1st (FDR), 2nd (SDR), or 3rd(TDR) degree relatives usually on the same side of the family but not limited:


title: BRCA mutation

text: Testing young children is considered medically unethical because the test results would not change the way the child's health is cared for.


title: BRCA mutation

text: Two types of tests are available. Both commonly use a blood sample, although testing can be done on saliva. The quickest, simplest, and lowest cost test uses positive test results from a blood relative and checks only for the single mutation that is known to be present in the family. If no relative has previously disclosed positive test results, then a full test that checks the entire sequence of both "BRCA1" and "BRCA2" can be performed. In some cases, because of the founder effect, Jewish ethnicity can be used to narrow the testing to quickly check for the three most common mutations seen among Ashkenazi Jews.


title: BRCA mutation

text: Testing is commonly covered by health insurance and public healthcare programs for people at high risk for having a mutation, and not covered for people at low risk. The purpose of limiting the testing to high-risk people is to increase the likelihood that the person will receive a meaningful, actionable result from the test, rather than identifying a variant of unknown significance (VUS). In Canada, people who demonstrate their high-risk status by meeting specified guidelines are referred initially to a specialized program for hereditary cancers, and, if they choose to be tested, the cost of the test is fully covered. In the US in 2010, single-site testing had a retail cost of US$400 to $500, and full-length analysis cost about $3,000 per gene, and the costs were commonly covered by private health insurance for people deemed to be at high risk.


title: BRCA mutation

text: The test is ordered by a physician, usually an oncologist, and the results are always returned to the physician, rather than directly to the patient. How quickly results are returned depends on the test—single-site analysis requires less lab time—and on the infrastructure in place. In the US, test results are commonly returned within one to several weeks; in Canada, patients commonly wait for eight to ten months for test results.


title: BRCA mutation

text: A positive test result for a known deleterious mutation is proof of a predisposition, although it does not guarantee that the person will develop any type of cancer. A negative test result, if a specific mutation is known to be present in the family, shows that the person does not have a "BRCA"-related predisposition for cancer, although it does not guarantee that the person will not develop a non-hereditary case of cancer. By itself, a negative test result does not mean that the patient has no hereditary predisposition for breast or ovarian cancer. The family may have some other genetic predisposition for cancer, involving some other gene.


title: BRCA mutation

text: A variety of screening options and interventions are available to manage "BRCA"-related cancer risks. Screenings are adjusted to individual and familial risk factors.


title: BRCA mutation

text: As these screening methods do not prevent cancer, but merely attempt to catch it early, numerous methods of prevention are sometimes practiced, with varying results.


title: BRCA mutation

text: An intensive cancer screening regimen is usually advised for women with deleterious or suspected deleterious "BRCA" mutations in order to detect new cancers as early as possible. A typical recommendation includes frequent breast cancer screening as well as tests to detect ovarian cancer.