title: Morning Musume

text: In France, Morning Musume music videos are aired on a television channel called "Nolife", a channel that features video games and Japanese music.


title: Morning Musume

text: On Friday, July 1, 2010, Morning Musume made their first appearance at the Japan Expo 2010 in Paris, France as guest of honor. "Tomo", the coupling track to the group's 43rd single, "Seishun Collection", was the event's theme song.


title: Morning Musume

text: On February 12, 2009, it was announced that Morning Musume would be performing in the United States at the 2009 Anime Expo, the nation's largest anime convention, as one of the first official guests of honor. Niigaki stated that "The movies that Disney makes are full of dreams, but when I have children, I'd like them to know about war, the pain of death and such things, so I hope they will watch anime."


title: Morning Musume

text: It was also announced that "3, 2, 1 Breakin' Out!", the coupling track of their upcoming single "Shōganai Yume Oibito", would be the official theme song for Anime Expo 2009. The convention was held at the Los Angeles Convention Center in Los Angeles, California on July 2 to 5.


title: Morning Musume

text: On Sunday, October 5, 2014, Morning Musume '14 made their first appearance at the Best Buy Theater in New York City, New York. The concert was sponsored by New York Comic Con. Of the experience Sayumi Michishige shares "We had an overwhelming welcome from the New York fans, and we really could feel that they've really been waiting for us all along. It made us very happy."


title: Morning Musume

text: From February 26 to 28, 2016, Morning Musume '16 were main guests at Anime Matsuri in Houston, Texas to celebrate the convention's 10th anniversary, which took place at the George R. Brown Convention Center. On Friday, February 26, the group appeared in the opening ceremony and held a Q&A session afterwards. Their concert was held on Saturday, February 27, which they performed a total of 16 songs in front of 6,000 people. Former member Mitsui Aika accompanied the group and was the concert MC. There were originally plans for members Iikubo Haruna and Kudo Haruka to participate in the Friday J-Fashion Show as models, but they did not appear.


title: Morning Musume

text: The Golden Arrow Award is presented by the Japan Magazine Publishers Association (JMPA) to recognize excellence in domestic media, such as in film, television, and music.


title: Morning Musume

text: The Japan Academy Prize is presented by the Japan Academy Film Prize Association for excellence in Japanese film.


title: Morning Musume

text: The Japan Cable Awards are sponsored by the National Cable Music Broadcasters Association and are based on requests from the audience received by cable broadcasters.


title: Morning Musume

text: The Japan Record Awards are presented by the Japan Composer's Association for outstanding achievements in the record industry.


title: Morning Musume

text: The Billboard Japan Music Awards are an annual set of music awards, founded by "Billboard Japan", the Japanese online edition of the music magazine "Billboard". In 2013, Morning Musume was awarded for the most active live performance act.


title: Bicycle Race

text: "Bicycle Race" is a song by the British rock band Queen. It was released on their 1978 album "Jazz" and written by Queen's lead singer Freddie Mercury. It was released as a double A-side single together with the song "Fat Bottomed Girls", reaching number 11 in the UK Singles Chart and number 24 in the "Billboard" Hot 100 in the US. The song is included in their 1981 "Greatest Hits" compilation. It is also one of the most downloaded bicycle-themed songs.


title: Bicycle Race

text: The song is notable for its video featuring a bicycle race with nude women at Wimbledon Stadium. The controversial video was edited or even banned in several countries. The song itself has appeared in various media with a bicycle theme.


title: Bicycle Race

text: The song was written by Freddie Mercury and was inspired by watching the 18th stage of the 1978 Tour de France passing Montreux, where the band were recording "Jazz" in the Mountain Studios. It starts with a chorus unaccompanied by instruments. The chorus is followed by two verses connected with a bridge, both followed by a chorus. Around the middle of the song is a solo played with numerous bicycle bells. The song has an unusual chord progression with numerous modulations, a change of metre (from to ) in the bridge, and multitracked vocal and guitar harmonies.


title: Bicycle Race

text: The lyrics are topical for the time and contain social, political, and pop culture references, such as religion, Vietnam War, Watergate, cocaine, fictional characters (Peter Pan, Frankenstein and Superman), and the films "Jaws" and "Star Wars".


title: Bicycle Race

text: Brian May has said that the song was not an autobiographical portrait of Mercury and that Mercury did not particularly enjoy bicycling, also noting that despite the lyric "I don't like Star Wars", Mercury was a "Star Wars" fan.


title: Bicycle Race

text: The song references the band's song "Fat Bottomed Girls" with the line "fat bottomed girls, they'll be riding today". "Fat Bottomed Girls" reciprocates with "Get on your bikes and ride!" The two songs were released together as a double A-sided single.


title: Bicycle Race

text: Filmed by Denis de Vallance, the promotional video featured 65 nude women, all professional models, bicycle racing at Wimbledon Greyhound Stadium, southwest London. The group rented the stadium and several dozen bicycles for one day for filming the scene; however, when the renting company became aware of the way their bikes were used, they requested that the group purchase all the bicycle seats. The original video used special effects to hide the nudity. However, due to the nudity, the video is age-restricted on YouTube and banned in several countries, including China.


title: Bicycle Race

text: The song was released as a single and is also included in the following albums and box sets: "Queen", "Bohemian Rhapsody", "15 Of The Best", "Queen Live In Concert", "Greatest Hits" and "The Singles Collection Volume 1".


title: Bicycle Race

text: The single was mostly distributed in 1978, on 7-inch vinyl records, with "Fat Bottomed Girls" on the B-side and EMI record label. In Argentina, the titles were translated as "" and "" respectively. The labels were changed to Pepita in Hungary and to Elektra in the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Japan. The Polish issue had the label of Tonpress and either "Spread Your Wings" or nothing on the B-side. Both 7-inch and 12-inch records were issued in the US; there the song also appeared in 1979, on the B-side of the single "Crazy Little Thing Called Love". In nearly all countries, the covers featured a backside photo of a naked woman on a racing bike, with a red bikini painted over the original photo. A brassiere was added to the US covers.


title: Bicycle Race

text: A bicycle race with nude women was held to promote the "Jazz" album, the single and the "Fat Bottomed Girls" single. This photo was included as a fold-out poster with the album "Jazz". It was also included as an alternate single cover.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: Morris County is a county located in the U.S. state of New Jersey, about west of New York City. According to the 2020 census, the county's population was enumerated at 509,285, an increase of 17,009 (3.5%) from the 492,276 counted at the 2010 census, making it the tenth-most populous county in New Jersey. Morris County is part of the New York metropolitan area and is divided into 39 municipalities, with many commuter towns but no large cities. Its county seat is Morristown, in the southeast. The most populous place was Parsippany-Troy Hills Township, with 53,238 residents at the time of the 2010 census, while Rockaway Township covered , the largest total area of any municipality.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: In 2015, the county had a per capita personal income of $86,582, the highest in New Jersey and ranked 24th of 3,113 counties in the United States. Morris County, as of the 2000 Census, was the sixth-wealthiest county in the United States by median household income at $77,340 (second in New Jersey behind Hunterdon County at $79,888), sixth in median family income at $89,773 (third in New Jersey behind Hunterdon County at $91,050 and Somerset County at $90,605) and ranked tenth by per capita income at $36,964 (second in New Jersey behind Somerset County at $37,970).


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: The Bureau of Economic Analysis ranked the county as having the 16th-highest per capita income of all 3,113 counties in the United States (and the second highest in New Jersey) as of 2009. The county ranked third in the New York metropolitan area in terms of median income. Morris County was recently ranked number 2 of 21 NJ counties as one of the healthiest counties in New Jersey, according to an annual report by County Health Rankings and Roadmaps. The county is part of the North Jersey region.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: Morris County was named after Colonel Lewis Morris, governor of New Jersey in 1738-39, the year the county was named.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: The Wisconsin Glacier covered the northern section of Morris County from about 23,000 B.C. to 13,000 B.C.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: After the Wisconsin Glacier melted around 13,000 B.C., Paleo Indians moved into the area from the south in search of big and small game as well as plants. The area was first tundra with grasses growing. Rabbits and fox moved into the area from the south.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: Around the year 1000, the area of Morris County was inhabited by the Lenape Native Americans prior to the arrival of European settlers. They came from the Mississippi River area. They lived along the rivers and hunted game, fished, collected plants and nuts.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: From 1611 to 1614, the Dutch established the colony of New Netherland, which claimed territory between the 40th and 45th parallel north, a zone which included northern New Jersey. Dutch forts were established along the Hudson River beginning in 1613. As the years went by, more forts were established to trade with Native Americans.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: The Native Americans traded furs and food with the Dutch for various goods. In return the Dutch gave the Native Americans metal pots, knives, guns, axes, and blankets. Trading with the Native Americans occurred until 1643 when a series of wars broke out between the Dutch and Native Americans.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: There were hostile relations between the Dutch and Native Americans between 1643 and 1660. This prevented colonization by the Dutch of the Morris County region which was technically included in their claimed "New Netherland".


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: On August 27, 1664, three English ships approached Fort Amsterdam and the fort was surrendered to the English. The English now controlled New Netherland and Morris County was now under control of the colony of New York. Relations with the Native Americans improved for a while.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: There was a war with the Dutch ten years later. The Dutch re-took control of New Amsterdam but after a year returned it to the English. Relations with the Native Americans and English improved for a while.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: European settlements began in the early 18th century while the area was known as Hunterdon County. Native Americans were still in the area at that time. Land was purchased from the Native Americans for various things such as blankets, shirts, rum, guns, knives, pots and gunpowder. European colonization occurred along the Atlantic coast and moved inland.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: The first European settlement in the area today known as Morris County occurred in Pompton Plains by the Dutch in 1695. From 1710 to 1730, various iron mines and forges were established. The first was in Whippany in 1710 and then in Succasunna in 1713.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: By 1750, nearly all Native Americans had left New Jersey. This was due to land purchases from the Native Americans, diseases that the Native Americans contracted from Europeans, and due to starvation from the Little Ice Age, during which Native American corn crops failed and rivers froze, preventing fishing. Snow storms sent game into semi-hibernation or made them difficult to find. Nut crops such as oak, hickory, beech, walnut, chestnut and butternut failed some years due to late frosts in spring. Many of the Morris County Native Americans went to eastern Canada and others went to the Ohio Valley. The Walking Purchase in September 1737, prevented Native Americans from going to eastern Pennsylvania. At that time, European settlement grew swiftly as there was now land to be farmed and settled.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: Morris County was originally part of Burlington County which had been established in 1694. It then became part of Hunterdon County, which separated from Burlington County in 1714.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: Morris County was created on March 15, 1739, from portions of Hunterdon County. The county was named for the Governor of the Province of New Jersey, Colonel Lewis Morris. In later years Sussex County (on June 8, 1753) and, after the revolution, Warren County (on November 20, 1824, from portions of Sussex County) were carved out of what had been the original area of Morris County under English rule.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: The county was the site of the winter camp of the Continental Army after the Battles of Trenton and Princeton during the winter of 1777, as well as another winter camp at Jockey Hollow during an extremely cold winter of 1779–80.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: In the 1880s, Dover was the centre of iron ore mining with the 132 mines producing 700,000 tons of ore annually. The mines were mostly worked by Cornish miners, with the bulk of the population in Dover and Port Oram of Cornish extraction. At that time the Cornish had kept their customs and dialect, were deeply religious and predominantly Methodists.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: According to the 2010 census, the county had a total area of , including of land (95.5%) and of water (4.5%).


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: The county rises in elevation and relief from east to west, with only the more developed eastern suburbs in the Passaic River valley being relatively level. The highest point is at above sea level on a mountain south of Pine Swamp in western Jefferson Township. The second-highest point is on a mountain just north of Riker Lake at . The lowest point is about in elevation, at Two Bridges, the confluence of the Passaic and Pompton rivers.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: The county is drained by several rivers. The Rockaway River drains , of the northern section of the county. The Whippany River drains of the middle of the county. The South Branch of the Raritan River and the Black River drain the western area.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: Most of the county's borders are rivers. The Pequannock River drains the northern boundary area. The Pompton River drains the eastern section. The Passaic River also drains the eastern border area. The western border is drained by the Musconetcong River. There are several large lakes in Morris County; among them are Lake Hopatcong, Budd Lake, Lake Parsippany, and the Boonton Reservoir, also known as the Jersey City Reservoir.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: In recent years, average temperatures in the county seat of Morristown have ranged from a low of in January to a high of in July, although a record low of was recorded in February 1934 and a record high of was recorded in August 2001. Average monthly precipitation ranged from in February to in September.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: Around 500 million years ago, a chain of volcanic islands shaped like an arc collided with proto-North America. The islands rode over top of the North American plate. This created the highlands in western Morris County and the eastern section of Morris County.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: Around 400 million years ago, a small continent long and narrow collided with proto-North America. This created folding and faulting, as compression occurred. Then around 350 million years ago, the African plate collided with North America creating the folding and faulting in the Appalachians. But when the African plate pulled away from North America, an aborted rift valley was created. This half , starts east of Boonton and goes through the middle of Parsippany, south to Morristown, to the south end of Great Swamp. From Parsippany and the Boonton area the half graben goes east to the western side of Paterson, where there was another fault by the lava flows. East of the Ramapo Fault is where there is this aborted rift valley.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: The Ramapo fault goes through the county on a northeast-southwest axis. The fault separates the Highlands from the Piedmont, also known as the Newark Basin. This is an active fault. The last major earthquake occurred in 1884, with a strength measured at 5.3 on the Richter scale.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: Around 21,000 BCE., the Wisconsin Glacier covered about half of Morris County. The terminal moraine went from Hackettstown east to north of Budd Lake, east to Rockaway and Denville, then southeast to Morristown then south to the south end of Great Swamp. When the glacier melted around 13,000 B.C. the melt water created Glacial Lake Passaic. The lake extended from what is now Pompton Lakes through Parsippany south to the south end of Great Swamp. From Parsippany the lake went east to the lava flows of western Paterson. This lake was long and miles wide and the depth was about . When the Wisconsin glacier covered Morris County, the ice sheet was about deep. Due to debris from the glacier, the lake was unable to drain through the Watchung Mountains near Short Hills. Instead, it drained through Moggy Hollow at the southwestern end of the lake. But when the glacier melted and receded to the New York State line, the lake drained though the Little Falls area, as this was lower in elevation than Moggy Hollow. And thus the Passaic River formed.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: The swamps of the Great Piece Meadows, Hatfield Swamp, Troy Meadows, Lee Meadows and Great Swamp were all under the Lake Passaic until it drained, and then these areas were created.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: As of the 2020 census, the county had 509,285 people, 184,885 households, and 129,707 families. The population density was . There were 197,722 housing units at an average density of . The county's racial makeup was 67.0% White, 3.06% African American, 0.07% Native American, 11.3% Asian, and 3.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race accounted for 15.05% of the population.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: Of the 184,885 households, of which 38.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.3% were married couples living together, 22.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 13.5% had a male householder with no wife present and 29.8% were non-families. 28.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.17.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: About 21.4% of the county's population was under age 18, 8.5% was from age 18 to 24, 35.9% was from age 15 to 44, and 17.5% was age 65 or older. The median age was 43.3 years. The gender makeup of the city was 49.2% male and 50.8% female. For every 100 females, there were 96.9 males. The city's median household income was $116,283, and the median family income was $141,633. About 5.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.1% of those under age 18 and 5.6% of those age 65 or over.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: Morris County is governed by a Board of County Commissioners comprised of seven members who are elected at-large in partisan elections to three-year terms on a staggered basis, with either one or three seats up for election each year as part of the November general election. Actual day-to-day operation of departments is supervised by County Administrator, John Bonanni. In 2016, freeholders were paid $24,375 and the freeholder director was paid an annual salary of $25,350.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: , Morris County's Commissioners are (with terms for director and deputy director ending every December 31st):


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: Pursuant to Article VII Section II of the New Jersey State Constitution, each county in New Jersey is required to have three elected administrative officials known as "constitutional officers". These officers are the County Clerk and County Surrogate (both elected for five-year terms of office) and the County Sheriff (elected for a three-year term). Morris County's constitutional officers are:


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: The County Prosecutor is Robert J. Carroll of Roseland, who was sworn into the position in October 2020 following the retirement of Frederic M. Knapp. Morris County is a part of Vicinage 10 of the New Jersey Superior Court (along with Sussex County), which is seated at the Morris County Courthouse in Morristown; the Assignment Judge for Vicinage 10 is Stuart A. Minkowitz. Law enforcement at the county level is the Morris County Sheriff's Office. The Morris County Park Police was disbanded and merged with the Sheriff's Office on January 1st, 2022. The County law enforcement organization includes the Morris County Prosecutor's Office.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: Though New Jersey is mainly a Democratic state, Morris County has generally leaned towards the Republican Party. The GOP has carried the county in all but three presidential elections since 1896: in 1912, 1964, and 2020. Republicans hold every countywide elected office and the majority of the county's seats in the state legislature. The last Democrat to win a county office was Commissioner Douglas Romaine in 1973. As of October 1, 2021, there were a total of 397,571 registered voters in Morris County, of whom 136,127 (34.2%) were registered as Republicans, 117,323 (29.5%) were registered as Democrats and 140,145 (35.3%) were registered as unaffiliated. There were 3,976 voters (1.0%) registered to other parties.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: In the 2008 election, Democrat Barack Obama came within 9 points of winning the county. In the 2012 election, Democrat Barack Obama lost the county by 10.8%. In 2016, Hillary Clinton came closer than any Democrat to carry the county since Lyndon Johnson's win in 1964, finishing just 4.2 percent behind Donald Trump despite the rightward shift in the nation in this election. In 2020, Joe Biden accomplished that feat, carrying Morris County by 4.2 percent, and at the same time, Cory Booker became the first Democrat to win Morris County in a Senate election since Bill Bradley in 1984.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 60.0% of the vote (99,085 votes) to Democratic Governor Jon Corzine's 31.26% (51,586 votes), while Independent Chris Daggett received 8.1% of the vote (13,321). In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 70% of the vote here (98,888 ballots cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 28.2% (39,824 votes), and other candidates with 1.8% (2,560 votes), among the 143,745 ballots cast by the county's 324,817 registered voters, yielding a 44.25% turnout. In the 2017 gubernatorial election, Republican Kim Guadagno received 53.08% of the vote (77,203 ballots cast), ahead of Democrat Phil Murphy with 45.04% (65,507 votes), and other candidates with 1.88% (2,742 votes). In the 2021 gubernatorial election, Republican Jack Ciattarelli received 55.25% of the vote (102,769 ballots cast), ahead of Democrat Phil Murphy]] with 44.04% (81,915 votes).


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: The 33 municipalities in Morris County (with 2010 Census data for population, housing units and area) are:


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: Based on data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis, Morris County had a gross domestic product (GDP) of $52.5 billion in 2018, which was ranked 3rd in the state behind Bergen and Middlesex counties and represented an increase of 1.7% from the previous year.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: Based on IRS data for the 2004 tax year, Morris County had the tenth-highest average federal income tax liability per return in the country. Average tax liability was $15,296, representing 16.3% of adjusted gross income. Mountain Lakes ranked among the highest annual property tax bills in New Jersey, and highest in Morris County, in 2018 of $20,471, compared to a statewide average of $8,767.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: Morris County is home to 33 Fortune 500 businesses that have headquarters, offices or a major facility in Morris County. These include AT&T, Honeywell, Colgate-Palmolive, Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson, ExxonMobil, Novartis, BASF, Verizon, and Bayer, among others. Major industries include finance, insurance, real estate, pharmaceuticals, health services, research and development, and technology. There are set aside for 28 county parks. Four county golf courses and 16 public and private courses are in Morris.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: By national standards, housing is expensive in Morris County. In 2018, the median house price in Morris County was $469,900, the 2nd highest in the state behind Bergen County (with a median home price of $476,200).


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: In the "Forbes" magazine 2012 ranking of the "Most Expensive ZIP Codes in the United States", New Vernon (located within Harding Township) was ranked as the 32nd most expensive in the country, with a median home sale price of $2,701,885. There were a total of 6 Morris county zip codes listed in the top 500, which were Mountain Lakes (No. 288; $909,474), Mendham (includes both Mendham Borough and Mendham Township) (No. 356; $800,672), Chatham (includes both Chatham Borough and Chatham Township) (No. 375; $776,703), Florham Park (No. 440; $675,107), and Kinnelon (No. 462; $630,414).


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: In the magazine's 2006 listing, New Vernon (Harding Township) was ranked as the 23rd most expensive in the country, with its median home sale price in 2005 of $1,596,587 ranking as the state's 2nd highest behind Alpine located Bergen County. In all, 5 Morris County zip codes were represented on the list in addition to New Vernon, including Mendham (includes both Mendham Borough and Mendham Township) (ranked No. 209; median sale price of $835,000), Mountain Lakes (No. 217; $826,250), Green Village (located within portions of both Harding Township and Chatham Township) (No. 282; $777,465), and Chester (includes both Chester Borough and Chester Township) (No. 288; $775,000).


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: As of 2018, 56.1 percent of Morris County residents were college graduates, the 2nd highest percentage in the state behind neighboring Somerset County with 58.0 percent.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: The Florham Park–Madison–Convent Station (Morris Township) area is also the home of three universities.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: The Morris Automated Information Network, which supplies Internet service to area libraries, turned down $10,000 per year in federal funding, starting in 2004. Acceptance of the grants would have required the network to install anti-porn content filters to comply with the Children's Internet Protection Act. As these filters excluded legitimate information—such as pages with the word "breast" in online searches regarding "breast cancer"—the network declined to accept these grants. Another organization having the power to affect the county budget without county governmental control is the Morris County Board of Taxation, (also called the Morris County Tax Board). "[T]he freeholders, and county government in general, do not have control over tax board spending. ... [T]he tax board is an entity of state government, even though it submits expense vouchers to county government."


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: The United States Equestrian Team, the international equestrian team for the United States, was founded in 1950 at the Coates estate on van Beuren Road in Morristown.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: The Mennen Arena in Morris Township, facilitated by The Morris County Park Commission, hosts various sporting events from ice hockey, figure skating, indoor football and outdoor rugby, to professional wrestling, MMA and Shrine Circus.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: The County boasts 13,000 acres that encompass 28 parks making it the largest county park system in New Jersey based on acreage. Notably, Morristown National Historical Park became the country's first National Historical Park in 1933.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: , the county had a total of of roadways, of which are maintained by the local municipality, by Morris County and by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: NJ Transit also provides rail service with Morris County via its Morris & Essex Lines and Montclair-Boonton Line to Hoboken Terminal and to New York City via its Midtown Direct service. Rail stations are located in the county providing electrified train service seven days a week from: Chatham, Madison, Convent Station, Morristown, Morris Plains, Denville, and Dover on NJ Transit's Morris & Essex Lines; electrified train service seven days a week from Gillette, Millington and Stirling on the Gladstone Branch; and diesel train service (weekdays only) from Mount Arlington, Lake Hopatcong, Netcong, Mount Olive, Mountain Lakes, Boonton, Towaco (Montville) and Lincoln Park.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: Bus transportation is also offered by several carriers including Lakeland Bus Company and NJ Transit.


title: Morris County, New Jersey

text: Morristown Municipal Airport is a general aviation reliever airport located east of downtown Morristown. Operated by DM Airports, Ltd, it is in the Whippany section of Hanover Township.


title: Trijntje Keever

text: Trijntje Cornelisdochter Keever (10 or 16 April 1616 – 2 July 1633), nicknamed De Groote Meid (in English, "The Big Girl"), is alleged to be the tallest female person in recorded history, standing 9 Amsterdam feet or tall at the time of her death at age seventeen.


title: Trijntje Keever

text: Trijntje Keever was the daughter of Cornelis Keever and Anna Pouwels. Cornelis was a Dutch skipper and Anna was his maid; he married her on May 24, 1605. Trijntje was born on April 10 or 16, 1616 in Edam.


title: Trijntje Keever

text: Keever's parents took her to carnivals to earn some money by letting people see her. Trijntje first received public attention when she was nine years old and had reached the height of . A royal company consisting of the Bohemian king Frederick V, Elector Palatine, his wife Elizabeth of Bohemia and the princess Amalia of Solms-Braunfels, living in The Hague at the time, visited her, curious about the “nine-year-old girl taller than every man in Europe.”


title: Trijntje Keever

text: Keever died of cancer at the age of 17 in Ter Veen. She was buried on 7 July 1633 in Edam, her town of birth. Her epitaph is said to have read, “Trijntje Crelis groote meidt oudt 17 jaer”, or, in English: “Trijntje Crelis, big girl, 17 years of age”. In the townhall of Edam is a lifesize painting by an unknown artist portraying Keever in civilian clothes with a belt holding at her right a keyring and at her left a pincushion and a sheath with a knife, fork, and spoon. The caption with the painting suggests she was portrayed more beautiful than she really was and that she probably had gigantism.


title: Trijntje Keever

text: Her original shoes are also on display. If there were a size for the shoes, they would be European size 54 (36 cm or long).


title: Trijntje Keever

text: Despite her height compared to Zeng Jinlian her height remains unverified by many sources, but she is considered by many as the tallest woman in reported history and seventh-tallest person ever, behind Robert Wadlow, John Rogan, John F. Carroll,


title: Trijntje Keever

text: Franz Winkelmeier, Leonid Stadnyk, Vikas Uppal and Julius Koch. She was the tallest person ever until Franz Winkelmeier.


title: Upper-atmospheric lightning

text: Upper-atmospheric lightning and ionospheric lightning are terms sometimes used by researchers to refer to a family of short-lived electrical-breakdown phenomena that occur well above the altitudes of normal lightning and storm clouds. Upper-atmospheric lightning is believed to be electrically induced forms of luminous plasma. The preferred usage is transient luminous event (TLE), because the various types of electrical-discharge phenomena in the upper atmosphere lack several characteristics of the more familiar tropospheric lightning.


title: Upper-atmospheric lightning

text: Transient luminous events have also been observed in far-ultraviolet images of Jupiter's upper atmosphere, high above the altitude of lightning-producing water clouds.


title: Upper-atmospheric lightning

text: There are several types of TLEs, the most common being sprites. Sprites are flashes of bright red light that occur above storm systems. C-sprites (short for “columniform sprites”) is the name given to vertical columns of red light. C-sprites exhibiting tendrils are sometimes called “carrot sprites”. Other types of TLEs include sprite halos, ghosts, blue jets, gigantic jets, pixies, gnomes, trolls, blue starters, and ELVESs. The acronym ELVES (“Emission of Light and Very Low Frequency perturbations due to Electromagnetic Pulse Sources”) refers to a singular event which is commonly thought of as being plural. TLEs are secondary phenomena that occur in the upper atmosphere in association with underlying thunderstorm lightning.


title: Upper-atmospheric lightning

text: TLEs generally last anywhere from less than a millisecond to more than 2 seconds. The first video recording of a TLE was captured accidentally on July 6, 1989 when researcher R.C Franz left a camera running overnight to view the night sky. When reviewing the video taken, two finger-like vertical images appeared in two frames of the film. The next known video recordings of a TLE were taken in 1989, when the Shuttle Mission STS-34 was conducting the Mesoscale Lightning Observation Experiment. On October 21, 1989 TLEs were recorded during orbits 44 and 45.


title: Upper-atmospheric lightning

text: TLEs have been captured by a variety of optical recording systems, with the total number of recent recorded events (early 2009) estimated at many tens-of-thousands. The global rate of TLE occurrence has been estimated from satellite (FORMOSAT-2) observations to be several million events per year.


title: Upper-atmospheric lightning

text: In the 1920s, the Scottish physicist C.T.R. Wilson predicted that electrical breakdown should occur in the atmosphere high above large thunderstorms. In ensuing decades, high altitude electrical discharges were reported by aircraft pilots and discounted by meteorologists until the first direct visual evidence was documented in 1989. Several years later, the optical signatures of these events were named 'sprites' by researchers to avoid inadvertently implying physical properties that were, at the time, still unknown. The terms red sprites and blue jets gained popularity after a video clip was circulated following an aircraft research campaign to study sprites in 1994.


title: Upper-atmospheric lightning

text: Sprites are large-scale electrical discharges which occur high above a thunderstorm cloud, or cumulonimbus, giving rise to a quite varied range of visual shapes. They are triggered by the discharges of positive lightning between the thundercloud and the ground. The phenomena were named after the mischievous sprite, e.g., Shakespeare's Ariel or Puck, and is also a bacronym for Stratospheric/mesospheric Perturbations Resulting from Intense Thunderstorm Electrification. They normally are colored reddish-orange or greenish-blue, with hanging tendrils below and arcing branches above. They can also be preceded by a reddish halo, known as a sprite halo. They often occur in clusters, reaching to above the Earth's surface. Sprites have been witnessed thousands of times. Sprites have been held responsible for otherwise unexplained accidents involving high altitude vehicular operations above thunderstorms.


title: Upper-atmospheric lightning

text: Although jets are considered to be a type of upper-atmospheric lightning, it has been found that they are components of tropospheric lightning and a type of cloud-to-air discharge that initiates within a thunderstorm and travels upwards. In contrast, other types of TLEs are not electrically connected with tropospheric lightning—despite being triggered by it. The two main types of jets are "blue jets" and "gigantic jets". "Blue starters" are considered to be a weaker form of blue jets.


title: Upper-atmospheric lightning

text: Blue jets are believed to be initiated as "normal" lightning discharges between the upper positive charge region in a thundercloud and a negative "screening layer" present above this charge region. The positive end of the leader network fills the negative charge region before the negative end fills the positive charge region, and the positive leader subsequently exits the cloud and propagates upward. It was previously believed that blue jets were not directly related to lightning flashes, and that the presence of hail somehow led to their occurrence. They are also brighter than sprites and, as implied by their name, are blue in color. The color is believed to be due to a set of blue and near-ultraviolet emission lines from neutral and ionized molecular nitrogen. They were first recorded on October 21, 1989, on a monochrome video of a thunderstorm on the horizon taken from the Space Shuttle as it passed over Australia. Blue jets occur much less frequently than sprites. By 2007, fewer than a hundred images had been obtained. The majority of these images, which include the first color imagery, are associated with a single thunderstorm. These were taken in a series of 1994 aircraft flights to study sprites. More recently, the source and formation of blue jets has been observed from the International Space Station.


title: Upper-atmospheric lightning

text: Blue starters were discovered on video from a night time research flight around thunderstorms and appear to be "an upward moving luminous phenomenon closely related to blue jets." They appear to be shorter and brighter than blue jets, reaching altitudes of only up to 20 km. "Blue starters appear to be blue jets that never quite make it," according to Dr. Victor P. Pasko, associate professor of electrical engineering.


title: Upper-atmospheric lightning

text: Where blue jets are believed to initiate between the upper positive charge region and a negative screening layer directly above this region, gigantic jets appear to initiate as an intracloud flash between the middle negative and upper positive charge regions in the thundercloud. The negatively charged leader then escapes upward from the cloud toward the ionosphere before it can discharge within the cloud. Gigantic jets reach higher altitudes than blue jets, terminating at 90km. While they may appear to be visually similar to carrot-type sprites, gigantic jets differ in that they are not associated with cloud to ground lightning and propagate upward from the cloud at a slower rate.


title: Upper-atmospheric lightning

text: On September 14, 2001, scientists at the Arecibo Observatory photographed a gigantic jet—double the height of those previously observed—reaching around into the atmosphere. The jet was located above a thunderstorm over an ocean, and lasted under a second. The jet was initially observed to be traveling up at around at a speed similar to typical lightning, increased to , but then split in two and sped upward with speeds of at least to the ionosphere where it then spread out in a bright burst of light.


title: Upper-atmospheric lightning

text: On July 22, 2002, five gigantic jets between in length were observed over the South China Sea from Taiwan, reported in "Nature". The jets lasted under a second, with shapes likened by the researchers to giant trees and carrots.


title: Upper-atmospheric lightning

text: On November 10, 2012, the Chinese Science Bulletin reported a gigantic jet event observed over a thunderstorm in mainland China on August 12, 2010. "GJ event that was clearly recorded in eastern China (storm center located at 35.6°N,119.8°E, near the Huanghai Sea)".


title: Upper-atmospheric lightning

text: On February 2, 2014, the Oro Verde Observatory of Argentina reported ten or more gigantic jet events observed over a thunderstorm in Entre Ríos south. The storm center was located at 33°S, 60°W, near the city of Rosario.


title: Upper-atmospheric lightning

text: On August 13, 2016, photographer Phebe Pan caught a clear wide-angle photo of a gigantic jet on a wide-angle lens while shooting Perseid meteors atop Shi Keng Kong peak in Guangdong province and Li Hualong captured the same jet from a more distant location in Jiahe, Hunan, China.


title: Upper-atmospheric lightning

text: On July 24, 2017, the Gemini Cloudcam at the Mauna Kea Observatory in Hawaii captured several gigantic jets as well as ionosphere-height gravity waves during one thunderstorm.


title: Upper-atmospheric lightning

text: On October 16, 2019, pilot Chris Holmes captured a high-resolution video of a gigantic jet from 35,000 feet (10.6 km) above the Gulf of Mexico near the Yucatán Peninsula. From 35 miles (56 km), Holmes's video shows a blue streamer reach up from the top of a thunderstorm to the ionosphere, becoming red at the top. Only then does a brilliant white lightning leader crawl slowly from the top of the cloud, reaching about 10% of the height of the gigantic jet before fading.


title: Upper-atmospheric lightning

text: On September 20, 2021, at 10:41 pm (02:41 UTC) facing NE from Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico, photographer Frankie Lucena recorded a video of a gigantic jet plasma event which occurred over a thunderstorm in the area.


title: Upper-atmospheric lightning

text: On June 13, 2022, northern Kansas, U.S.A, photographer Paul M Smith captured several gigantic jet events over a thunderstorm. The farthest north they have been recorded.


title: Upper-atmospheric lightning

text: ELVES (Emission of Light and Very Low Frequency perturbations due to Electromagnetic Pulse Sources) often appear as a dim, flattened, expanding glow around in diameter that lasts for, typically, just one millisecond. They occur in the ionosphere above the ground over thunderstorms. Their color was unknown for some time, but is now believed to be red. "ELVES" were first recorded on another shuttle mission, this time recorded off French Guiana on October 7, 1990. That ELVES was discovered in the Shuttle Video by the Mesoscale Lightning Experiment (MLE) team at Marshall Space Flight Center, AL led by the Principal Investigator, Otha H."Skeet" Vaughan, Jr.


title: Upper-atmospheric lightning

text: ELVES is a whimsical acronym for Emissions of Light and Very Low Frequency Perturbations due to Electromagnetic Pulse Sources. This refers to the process by which the light is generated; the excitation of nitrogen molecules due to electron collisions (the electrons possibly having been energized by the electromagnetic pulse caused by a discharge from an underlying thunderstorm).


title: Upper-atmospheric lightning

text: TROLLs (Transient Red Optical Luminous Lineaments) occur after strong sprites, and appear as red spots with faint tails, and on higher-speed cameras, appear as a rapid series of events, starting as a red glow that forms after a sprite tendril, that later produces a red streak downward from itself. They are similar to jets.


title: Upper-atmospheric lightning

text: Pixies were first observed during the STEPS program during the summer of 2000, a multi-organizational field program investigating the electrical characteristics over thunderstorms on the High Plains. A series of unusual, white luminous events atop the thunderstorm were observed over a 20-minute period, lasting for an average of 16 milliseconds each. They were later dubbed 'pixies'. They are less than 100 meters across. They are not related to lightning.


title: Upper-atmospheric lightning

text: Ghosts (Green emissions from excited Oxygen in Sprite Tops) are faint, green glows that appear within the footprint of a red sprite, remaining after the red has dissipated, and fading away in milliseconds. Though possible examples of Ghosts can be seen in historical images, Ghosts were first noted as an exclusive phenomenon by storm chasers Hank Schyma and Paul M Smith in 2019.


title: Upper-atmospheric lightning

text: No scientific journal papers have been published on these phenomena. Their green glow has been speculated by observers to come from excited oxygen atoms, much as how auroras appear green.


title: Upper-atmospheric lightning

text: There is a type of lightning that is a small, brief spike of light that points upward from a thunderstorm cloud's anvil top, caused as strong updrafts push moist air above the anvil. It lasts for only a few microseconds. It is about 200 meters wide, and is a maximum of 1 kilometer in height. Its color is unknown as it has only been observed in black-and-white footage.


title: Barbara Valentin

text: Barbara Valentin (born Ursula Ledersteger; 15 December 1940 – 22 February 2002) was an Austrian actress. She worked in film, often with Rainer Werner Fassbinder.


title: Barbara Valentin

text: Valentin was born in 1940 as Ursula Ledersteger in Vienna, Austria. Her father was the Austrian art director, Hans Ledersteger and her mother the actress, Irmgard Alberti. She had a half-brother, Alfred Ledersteger. She was married to German film director Helmut Dietl.


title: Barbara Valentin

text: During the early to mid-1980s, Valentin was close friends with Freddie Mercury. She is featured in the music video for the Queen song, It's a Hard Life.


title: Barbara Valentin

text: On 22 February 2002, Valentin died of a stroke in Munich, Germany at the age of 61. She was buried in the Ostfriedhof in Munich, Germany.


title: Julián Araujo

text: Julián Vicente Araujo Zúñiga (born 13 August 2001) is a professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Major League Soccer club LA Galaxy. Born in the United States, he represents the Mexico national team.


title: Julián Araujo

text: Araujo was born in Lompoc, California, and is of Mexican descent. He attended Lompoc High School. After two years at Lompoc High School, he left home and joined Barça Residency Academy in Casa Grande, Arizona in 2017.


title: Julián Araujo

text: In March 2017, Araujo had committed to playing college soccer at the University of California, Santa Barbara from 2018 onward.


title: Julián Araujo

text: Araujo made his professional debut in a 2–2 draw with Seattle Sounders FC 2 on October 4, 2018, coming on as an 88th-minute substitute for Nate Shultz.


title: Julián Araujo

text: On March 1, 2019, LA Galaxy acquired Araujo after trading $50,000 of Targeted Allocation Money to Colorado Rapids to gain the first spot in the Waivers Order.


title: Julián Araujo

text: After an injury to Ayo Akinola, Araujo was named to the 2019 FIFA U-20 World Cup squad to represent the United States under-20.


title: Julián Araujo

text: Araujo was called into the United States national soccer team by Gregg Berhalter for the January 2020 camp, but did not make an official match appearance. He was called up again in December 2020 for a game against El Salvador, in which he made his senior level debut. Araujo was named to the final 20-player United States under-23 roster for the 2020 CONCACAF Men's Olympic Qualifying Championship in March 2021.


title: Julián Araujo

text: On June 18, 2021, Araujo was named to the preliminary 59-player USMNT roster for the 2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup but was left off of the final roster on July 1, 2021. Berhalter cited Araujo's dual citizenship and him not feeling ready to become cap-tied to the USMNT.


title: Julián Araujo

text: On August 13, 2021, sports media in Mexico reveal that Araujo himself had filed and submitted the one-time switch to FIFA in order to join Mexico. As of October 4, 2021 FIFA officially approved Araujo's case.


title: Julián Araujo

text: On November 27, 2021, Araujo was included in the Mexico national football team call-up by Gerardo Martino for a friendly match against Chile set to take place on December 8. He subsequently appeared in the starting lineup in the match on December 8, 2021 for his debut appearance. The match ended with a 2–2 draw, playing the full 90 minutes. With his Mexico debut, Araujo becomes the third player in the history of the Mexico–United States rivalry in having represented both national teams alongside Martín Vásquez and Edgar Castillo.


title: Thomas Schnauz

text: Thomas Schnauz (born ) is an American television producer and television writer. His credits include "The X-Files", "The Lone Gunmen", "Night Stalker", "Reaper", "Breaking Bad", and "Better Call Saul".


title: Thomas Schnauz

text: Schnauz was born in Kearny, New Jersey. He attended New York University's Tisch School of the Arts, where he first met fellow student Vince Gilligan. Schnauz graduated from Tisch in 1988.


title: Thomas Schnauz

text: Schnauz started his career in various production jobs. His first screenplay was called "Spirits in Passing". He eventually joined Vince Gilligan on the writing staff of "The X-Files" and its spinoff show, "The Lone Gunmen". He also co-wrote the screenplays for the 2008 film "Otis" and the 2008 television film "Infected". In 2010, he re-teamed with Gilligan on "Breaking Bad", where he remained through the show's 2013 conclusion.


title: Thomas Schnauz

text: Currently, Schnauz serves as co-executive producer on AMC's "Breaking Bad" spinoff series "Better Call Saul." He has written and/or directed a number of its episodes including "Pimento", the penultimate episode of the show's first season, which received critical acclaim, as well as "Plan and Execution", the finale of the sixth season's first half that also received praise for Schnauz's writing.


title: Thomas Schnauz

text: In April 2015, it was reported that he had been tapped to write the screenplay for "a revisionist take" on "Jack and the Beanstalk", also to be produced by Vince Gilligan.


title: Thomas Schnauz

text: In 2019, Schnauz joined other WGA writers in firing their agents as part of the WGA's stand against the ATA and the practice of packaging.


title: Thomas Schnauz

text: Schnauz has been nominated for Writers Guild of America Awards on six occasions, winning three times, for his work on the writing staffs of "Breaking Bad" and "Better Call Saul". Schnauz shared in the show's 2010 nomination, and subsequent category wins in 2011, 2012 and 2013, for his work on "Breaking Bad". He was nominated again in 2015 and 2016 in the Dramatic Series category for "Better Call Saul."


title: Thomas Schnauz

text: He was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing in a Drama Series for the 2012 "Breaking Bad" episode "Say My Name".


title: She Kills Monsters

text: She Kills Monsters is a drama-comedy play by Qui Nguyen that debuted in 2011. It tells the story of Agnes Evans, an average woman who loses her parents and little sister Tilly in a car accident. Having been very distant from her sister while she was alive, Agnes embarks in an adventure to get to know her sister better by playing a Dungeons & Dragons module that Tilly had written, and discovers things she'd never imagined. The plot takes place in reality and in the imaginary game world; in the game world Agnes learns about Tilly's exploration with her sexuality and how she struggled with her sexuality in reality. The play is also presented in a "Young Adventurer's Edition" which removes the explicit language and ages down some of the characters.


title: She Kills Monsters

text: Agnes Evans is a completely average woman who strives to be nothing but average until the day she wishes her life was a little less boring. Her wish unfortunately comes true when her family, including her younger sister Tilly, dies in a car crash. Agnes was never close to Tilly due to the fact they were interested in completely different things; Agnes loved mainstream pop culture, while Tilly had a passion for everything classified as nerdy or geeky, with a special love for Dungeons and Dragons. As Agnes is cleaning and packing Tilly's room in order to move everything to her place, she finds a module Tilly had written for D&D. In order to get closer to the sister she never really knew, Agnes embarks on her own adventure with the help of Dungeon Master Chuck to play the game as Tilly designed. As she delves deeper into her quest, the fantasy world and reality begin to collide and mix as Agnes searches to connect with Tilly and realizes how much of her sister she never knew.


title: She Kills Monsters

text: Nguyen intentionally wrote the characters in a way that allowed for actors of any race to be cast into every role, "We wanted to see the diversity you would find on the New York subway onstage."


title: She Kills Monsters

text: "She Kills Monsters" received its Off-Off-Broadway debut at The Flea Theater in New York City on November 4, 2011, and it ran until December 23. Directed by Robert Ross Parker, the production was performed by the resident company of actors of The Flea Theater called The Bats.


title: She Kills Monsters

text: The play was presented later at the Steppenwolf Theatre Company in Chicago from February 15 to April 21, 2013. It was directed by Scott Weinstein and it featured the Buzz22 Chicago Company as the cast.


title: She Kills Monsters

text: The play reprised at the Company One Theater in Boston from April 13 to May 11, 2013, directed by Shira Milikowsky


title: She Kills Monsters

text: Following a 2013 award by the American Alliance for Theater and Education, the play has, , been staged close to 800 times, mostly by high schools and colleges. Some of these productions have done well, including a 2018 production which won a state contest. In response to requests by schools, Nguyen wrote a version of the play, dubbed "She Kills Monsters:Young Adventurers Edition," that included less profanity and also changed Agnes into a high school cheerleader. Later, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Nguyen wrote a version designed to be performed online, called "She Kills Monsters: Virtual Realms"; changes included changing the climactic battle, as well as setting the entire play in 2020 and changing the pop culture references accordingly.


title: She Kills Monsters

text: In October 2021, after weeks of rehearsal, a production of "She Kills Monsters:Young Adventurers Edition" at Hillsboro High School in Highland County, Ohio was cancelled by Hillsboro City Schools Superintendent Tim Davis, allegedly on the grounds that "one of its characters might be gay". In a statement, Davis said “the fall play has been canceled this year because the play was not appropriate for our K-12 audience.” Students subsequently started a GoFundMe campaign to mount the production independently of their school. Within a week of its launch, the campaign had more than tripled its $5,000 goal.


title: She Kills Monsters

text: In "She Kills Monsters", Agnes discovers Tilly was a lesbian and used her Dungeons and Dragons Campaign as an outlet for her struggles of being out in school, yet "in the closet" with her family. This play brings complex LGBTQ characters to the stage who fulfill goals outside of their sexuality and are well-rounded characters. The sexuality of characters is not the main focus of the play, which normalizes non-heterosexual characters. "She Kills Monsters" also goes through the storyline of coming out to close family, a difficult moment for those in the LGBTQ community. It creates a serious discussion on the understanding of people and the reactions that many experience when revealing their sexuality.


title: Nalan Kumarasamy

text: Nalan Kumarasamy is an Indian film director who works in the Tamil film industry. He started his career as a short filmmaker and won the title of the first season of "Naalaya Iyakunar". He made his feature film debut with Tamil film, "Soodhu Kavvum" (2013).


title: Nalan Kumarasamy

text: Nalan Kumarasamy did his schooling in Campion High School (Tiruchirappalli), B. E (Mechanical Engineering) in Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering(SVCE), Chennai and M.Tech. in Sastra University, Thanjavur. During his college days he was active in cultural events and participated in IIT Sarang.


title: Nalan Kumarasamy

text: Nalan Kumarasamy was into event management and real estate when he heard about "Naalaya Iyakunar". There were just ten days to the deadline. So he turned it meta and made a short called "Oru Padam Edukkanum" about a filmmaker with a deadline. He went on to make seven more short films. "Nenjukku Neethi", his entry for the final round, made him first prize winner of season 1.


title: Nalan Kumarasamy

text: In 2013, he made his debut as a director with the movie "Soodhu Kavvum". The film's main concept is about how baloney has engulfed people's day-to-day life and modern society. It features Vijay Sethupathi and Sanchita Shetty in the leads. It was released on 1 May to universal acclaim from critics and became a blockbuster. "Soodhu Kavvum" was selected for screening in the Zurich Film Festival, being the only Tamil film of 2013 to be screened there.


title: Nalan Kumarasamy

text: In 2016 he made a romantic comedy-drama film "Kadhalum Kadanthu Pogum" (Love, too, shall pass). It was an official remake of the Korean film "My Dear Desperado". The film released in March 2016 with positive reviews from critics and became a box office hit.


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: Hou Hsiao-hsien (; born 8 April 1947) is a Mainland Chinese-born Taiwanese film director, screenwriter, producer and actor. He is a leading figure in world cinema and in Taiwan's New Wave cinema movement. He won the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival in 1989 for his film "A City of Sadness" (1989), and the Best Director award at the Cannes Film Festival in 2015 for "The Assassin" (2015). Other highly regarded works of his include "The Puppetmaster" (1993) and "Flowers of Shanghai" (1998).


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: Hou was voted "Director of the Decade" for the 1990s in a poll of American and international critics by "The Village Voice" and "Film Comment". In a 1998 New York Film Festival worldwide critics' poll, Hou was named "one of the three directors most crucial to the future of cinema." "A City of Sadness" ranked 117th in the British Film Institute's 2012 "Sight & Sound" critics' poll of the greatest films ever made. In 2017, Metacritic ranked Hsiao-hsien 16th on its list of the 25 best film directors of the 21st century.


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: Hou Hsiao-hsien was born in Meixian District, Guangdong in 1947 to a Hakka family. Later that same year, Hou's father took a job as Head Secretary for the Mayor of Taichung City. The rest of the family joined him in Taiwan the following year and in 1949 he was made Supervisor of the Taipei Educational Bureau. Hou was educated at the National Taiwan Academy of the Arts.


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: Internationally, Hou is known for his austere and aesthetically rigorous dramas dealing with the upheavals of Taiwanese (and occasionally larger Chinese) history of the past century by viewing its impacts on individuals or small groups of characters. "A City of Sadness" (1989), for example, portrays a family caught in conflicts between the local Taiwanese and the newly arrived Chinese Nationalist government after World War II. It was groundbreaking for broaching the long-taboo February 28 Incident and ensuing White Terror. It became a major critical and commercial success, and garnered the Golden Lion award at the 1989 Venice Film Festival, making it the first Taiwanese film to win the top prize at the prestigious international film festival.


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: His storytelling is elliptical and his style marked by extreme long takes with minimal camera movement but intricate choreography of actors and space within the frame. He uses extensive improvisation to arrive at the final shape of his scenes and the low-key, naturalistic acting of his performers. His compositions are decentered, and links between shots do not adhere to an obvious temporal or causal narrative logic. Without abandoning his famous austerity, his imagery has developed a sensual beauty during the 1990s, partly under the influence of his collaboration with cinematographer Mark Lee Ping-Bin. Hou's consistent screenwriting collaborator since the mid-1980s has been the renowned author Chu T’ien-wen, a collaboration that began with the screenplay for Chen Kunhou's 1983 film, "Growing Up". He has also cast revered puppeteer Li Tian-lu as an actor in several of his movies, most notably "The Puppetmaster" (1993), which is based on Li's life.


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: Hou's films have been awarded top prizes from prestigious international festivals such as the Venice Film Festival, Cannes Film Festival, Berlin Film Festival, Hawaii International Film Festival and the Nantes Three Continents Festival. Six of his films to date have been nominated for the "Palme d'Or" (best film award) at the Cannes Film Festival. Hou was voted "Director of the Decade" for the 1990s in a poll of American and international critics put together by "The Village Voice" and "Film Comment".


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: He directed the Japanese film "Café Lumière" (2003) for the Shochiku studio as an homage to Yasujirō Ozu; the film premiered at a festival commemorating the centenary of Ozu's birth. The film deals with themes reminiscent of Ozu—tensions between parents and children and between tradition and modernity—in Hou's typically indirect manner. His 2005 film "Three Times" features three stories of love set in 1911, 1966 and 2005 using the same actors, Shu Qi and Chang Chen.


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: In August 2006, Hou embarked on his first Western project. Filmed and financed entirely in France, "Flight of the Red Balloon" (2007) is the story of a French family as seen through the eyes of a Chinese student. The film is the first part in a series of films sponsored by the Musée d'Orsay and stars Juliette Binoche. In 2010, Hou directed the 3D short film for the Taipei Pavilion at the Expo 2010 Shanghai China.


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: Hou has also had some acting experience, appearing as the lead in fellow Taiwanese New Wave auteur Edward Yang's 1984 film "Taipei Story". He starred as Lung, a former minor league baseball star who is stuck operating an old-style fabric business, longing for his past days of glory. Lung becomes alienated from his girlfriend and tries to find his way in Taipei. Hou also had a small role in the 2013 Chinese comedy-drama film "Young Style", about a group of teenagers in high school.


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: To date, Hou has directed a total of 18 feature films, and three short film segments of omnibus films, which leads to a total 21 films he directed. Out of the 21 films he has directed, he has written or co-written 11 of those films in addition to writing or co-writing 10 other films directed by other filmmakers, including "Taipei Story" (1985) (Dir. Edward Yang), "Heartbreak Island" (1995) (Dir. Hsiao-ming Hsu) and "My Favorite Season" (1985) (Dir. Kun Hao Chen).


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: Hou's first film as a director, as well as writer, was "Cute Girl" (1980) or "Lovable You", a relatively formulaic romantic comedy (prevalent in Taiwan at the time) starring Kenny Bee, Anthony Chan and Feng Fei-fei. The film was primarily devised as a vehicle for Bee and Feng, who were popular pop-stars in Hong Kong and Taiwan, respectively, at the time. Hou would later collaborate with both Bee and Fong later on in his next feature film, "Cheerful Wind" (1981). Although the film was shot in a more commercial style unlike his later work, film critic and writer David Bordwell stated that "Cute Girl" and the rest of Hou's early films "show [Hou] developing, in almost casual ways, techniques of staging and shooting that will become his artistic hallmarks."


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: The second feature film that Hou both wrote and directed was "Cheerful Wind" (1981) (Feng er ti ta cai), which teamed him up again with the trio of leads from "Cute Girl", Kenny Bee, Feng Fei-fei and Anthony Chan.


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: Hou's third feature film which he both directed and wrote was "" (1982) (Zai na he pan qing cao qing), which also starred Kenny Bee from his previous two films but also a set of new actors that Hou previously did not work with before, including child actor (at the time) Chou Pin-chun, who won a Best Child Star award from the 1982 Golden Horse Film Festival and Awards for his performance in the film. The film was also nominated for Best Film, Best Director and another Best Child Star award (for actor Cheng Chuan-wen) at the 1982 Golden Horse Film Festival as well.


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: As his fourth feature film, "The Boys from Fengkuei" (1983) featured the beginnings of what Hou would later consider tenets of his cinematic style, which include more of a naturalistic style and focusing more on youth and provincial/rural life. The film starred now-director Doze Niu as Ah-Ching, as a member of a gang of young boys who have finished school in their island fishing village of Fengkuei and spend most of their days fighting and drinking. They decide to go to the port city of Kaohsiung to look for work, where Ah-Ching falls in love with a girlfriend of a neighbor. The film is also about how the teenagers face the realities of urban life as they come of age. The film won the Golden Montgolfiere award (tied with "Wanderers of the Desert" (1984)) at the 1984 Nantes Three Continents Festival. It was also nominated for Best Feature Film, Best Director, Best Cinematography (Kun Hao Chen), and Best Film Editing (Ching-Song Liao) awards at the 1984 Golden Horse Film Festival.


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: Hou's "Coming of Age" trilogy includes the three films: "A Summer at Grandpa's" (1984), "A Time to Live, A Time to Die" (1985), and "Daughter of the Nile" (1987).


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: Hou's fifth feature film was "A Summer at Grandpa's" (1984), which won a Best Director award for Hou at the 1984 Asia-Pacific Film Festival and the Golden Montgolfiere award (tied with "The Runner" (1984)) at the 1985 Nantes Three Continents Festival, and the Prize of the Ecumenical Jury - Special Mention at the 1985 Locarno International Film Festival. The film was also nominated for a Best Child Star (Chi-Kuang Wang) and Best Adapted Screenplay (Chu T’ien-wen) at the 1984 Golden Horse Film Festival. The film also starred fellow New Taiwanese filmmaker Edward Yang in a brief role, with Yang returning the favor by casting Hou in his film "Taipei Story" (1985).


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: As his sixth feature film, "A Time to Live, A Time to Die" (1985) (also known as "The Time to Live and the Time to Die", ) was perhaps Hou's first internationally successful film, winning a grand total of 8 awards from film festivals all over the world: a Special Jury Award at the 1985 Asia-Pacific Film Festival, a FIPRESCI Prize at the Forum of New Cinema at the 1986 Berlin International Film Festival (or Berlinale), a Best Original Screenplay (Hou Hsiao-hsien and Chu T’ien-wen), a Best Supporting Actress (Ru-Yun Tang) at the 1985 Golden Horse Film Festival (where it was also nominated for Best Feature Film, Best Director, Best Original Film Score (Chu-chu Wu) and Best Sound Recording (Chiang-Sheng Hsin) awards), a Special Jury Award at the 1986 Hawaii International Film Festival, a Rotterdam Award for Best Non-American/Non-European Film at the 1987 Rotterdam International Film Festival, a Kinema Junpo Award at the 1990 Kinema Junpo Awards (also for "Dust in the Wind), and a Special Jury Prize at the 1986 Torino International Festival of Young Cinema.


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: Hou's "Wu Nien-jen Trilogy" includes the three films: "Dust in the Wind" (1986), "A City of Sadness" (1989), and "The Puppetmaster" (1993).


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: Hou's seventh feature film was "Dust in the Wind" (1986), which won a Kinema Junpo Award for Best Foreign Language Film Director at the 1990 Kinema Junpo Awards (shared also with his previous film, "A Time to Live, A Time to Die"), and Best Cinematography Mark Lee Ping Bin and Best Score (Hou Hsiao-hsien) at the 1987 Nantes Three Continents Festival (where it was also nominated for the Golden Montgolfiere).


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: Hou's eighth feature film concerns the story of a girl (played by Taiwanese pop star Lin Yang) who works at a Kentucky Fried Chicken location in Taipei to support her family, which includes a brother character (played by Jack Kao) who is involved in crime and gangs. The title is also a reference to a character in the Japanese manga "Crest of the Royal Family" who is referred to as the "Daughter of the Nile." The film won a Best Original Film Score award (Hung-yi Chang) at the 1987 Golden Horse Film Festival and also a Special Jury Prize in the International Feature Film Competition at the 1987 Torino International Festival of Young Cinema.


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: Hou's ninth feature film was almost universally acclaimed by film critics as a masterpiece upon its release. It has the distinction of being the first ever Taiwanese film to win the prestigious Golden Lion award at the 1989 Venice Film Festival, where Hou also won a Special Golden Ciak award ("For artistic originality and sensitivity") and a UNESCO Award. It is also the very first film to openly deal with the authoritarian rule of the Kuomintang (KMT) after taking Taiwan over from the Japanese in 1945 following WWII, and the tragic February 28 Incident (1947), where thousands of Taiwanese citizens were killed. In the British Film Institute's 2012 Sight & Sound poll, 2 directors and 14 film critics named it one of "the greatest films ever made", ranking #322 in the directors' poll and #117 in the critics' poll. The film was also Taiwan's Best Foreign Language Film entry for the 62nd Academy Awards, but it did not make the final nomination shortlist.


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: Starring Tony Leung Chiu-Wai as the deaf-mute but all-seeing Wen-ching and his older brother Wen-leung (Jack Kao), the film dealt with political subject matter involving the February 28 Incident and the "White Terror" era where countless Taiwanese citizens were incarcerated and shot by the KMT government in the late 1940s after their displacement from China to Taiwan after the Civil War of 1949.


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: The film also won Best Director and Best Leading Actor (Sung Young Chen) awards at the 1989 Golden Horse Film Festival, where it was also nominated for Best Feature Film, Best Original Screenplay (Chu T’ien-wen and Hou Hsiao-hsien), Best Film Editing (Ching-Song Liao), Best Cinematography (Huai-en Chen) and Best Sound Recording (Duu-Chih Tu and Ching-an Yang) awards. The film won a Kinema Junpo Award for Best Foreign Language Film at the 1991 Kinema Junpo Awards, a Best Foreign Language Film award at the 1991 Mainichi Film Concours, and a Special Award from the USA Political Film Society in 1990. It was also nominated for a Best Foreign Film award at the 1991 Independent Spirit Awards.


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: Hou's tenth film was "The Puppetmaster" (1993), a sprawling half-documentary, half-narrative film hybrid that told the story of Li Tian-lu, the most celebrated puppeteer in Taiwan. The film won the Jury Prize at the 1993 Cannes Film Festival, where it was nominated for the Palme d'Or. The film was also another masterpiece listed in the 2012 British Film Institute Sight & Sound poll, with three directors and seven film critics declaring it as "one of the greatest films ever made."


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: "The Puppetmaster" also won FIPRESCI Prize at the 1994 Istanbul International Film Festival, the Georges Delerue Prize at the 1993 Ghent International Film Festival, the Distribution Help Award at the 1994 Fribourg International Film Festival (tying with "Kosh ba kosh" (1993)), and Best Cinematography (Ping Bin Lee), Best Makeup & Costume Design (Pei-yun Juan and Kuang-Hui Chang), and Best Sound Effects (Duu-Chih Tu) at the 1993 Golden Horse Film Festival, where it was also nominated for Best Feature Film, Best Art Direction (Hung Chang, Hsien-Ko Ho, Ming-Ching Lu, and Chao-yi Tsai) and Best Original Film Score (Ming-chang Chen).


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: Hou's "Urban Youth Trilogy" includes the three films: "Good Men, Good Women" (1995), "Goodbye South, Goodbye" (1996), and "Millennium Mambo" (2001).


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: Hou's eleventh film was a post-modern time-jumping and fourth-wall breaking narrative that jumped between the modern-day life of an actress named Liang Ching (played by Annie Shizukah Inoh) and the historical role of Chiang Bi-Yu, who she was portraying in a 1940s period piece film. Jack Kao also appeared as her boyfriend, Ah-Wei. The film was nominated and in competition for the prestigious Palme d'Or at the 1995 Cannes Film Festival, and won Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay (Chu T’ien-wen) and Best Sound Recording (Duu-Chih Tu) at the 1995 Golden Horse Film Festival and Awards, where it was also nominated for Best Feature Film, Best Leading Actress (Inoh) and Best Film Editing (Ching-Song Liao) awards.


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: The film also won Best Director and Best Art Direction (Hsien-Ko Ho, Wen-Ying Huang and Ming-Ching Lu) awards at the 1996 Asia-Pacific Film Festival, Golden Deer awards for Best Director and Best Film at the 1996 Changchun Film Festival, a Special Jury Award from the 1996 Fribourg International Film Festival, the Golden Maile award for Best Narrative Feature at the 1995 Hawaii International Film Festival, and a FIPRESCI/NETPAC Award (tied with "Hkhagoroloi Bohu Door" (1995)) and a Special Achievement Award at the 1996 Singapore International Film Festival. The film was also nominated for the Gold Hugo award for Best Feature at the 1995 Chicago International Film Festival.


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: "Goodbye South, Goodbye", Hou's twelfth film, was set in rural Taiwan and concerned the lives of Taipei petty criminals played by Giong Lim, Shih-huang Chen, Vicky Wei, Jack Kao, Annie Shizukah Inoh (the latter two actors who Hou reunited with from "Good Men, Good Women" (1995)). The film was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival and also won a Best Original Film Song award (for composer/lyricist/performer Giong Lim and his song "Self-Destruction") at the 1996 Golden Horse Film Festival and Awards.


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: Hou's thirteenth film, "Flowers of Shanghai" (1998), would see him reunite with actor Tony Leung Chiu-Wai from "A City of Sadness" as well as Jack Kao, and was a period piece set in the elegant brothels (also known as "flower houses") of 1880s Shanghai. The screenplay was written and translated by acclaimed novelist Eileen Chang, along with frequent Hou screenwriter collaborator Chu T’ien-wen, based on a novel by Bangqin Han. The film also starred Carina Lau, Michiko Hada, Vicky Wei, Annie Shizukah Inoh, Rebecca Pan and Ming Hsu.


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: The film was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 1998 Cannes Film Festival and also won Best Director and Best Art Director (Wen-Ying Huang) at the 1998 Asia-Pacific Film Festival, the Golden Crow Pheasant award at the 1999 International Film Festival of Kerala, as well as a Jury Award and a Best Art Direction award (Wen-Ying Huang and Chih-Wei Tsao) at the 1998 Golden Horse Film Festival, where it was also nominated for Best Feature, Best Director and Best Makeup & Costume Design (Wen-Ying Huang, Shu-Chen Liao and Bu-Hai Shen).


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: "Millennium Mambo" (2001) was Hou's fourteenth film and the film that marked his first collaboration with actress Shu Qi, who would later go on to appear in three other of Hou's later films and become his muse. The film follows Shu as a character named Vicky, who looks back ten years to 2000 when she was in a relationship with Hao-Hao (Chun-hao Tuan) where she is now in a relationship with Jack (Jack Kao). The film's free-wheeling style, cinematography and sound design was praised by critics, and also garnered the Technical Grand Prize for the film's sound designer/mixer/director Duu-Chih Tu at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival, where it was also nominated for a Palme d'Or award. The film also won Best Cinematography (Ping Bin Lee), Best Sound Effects (Duu-Chih Tu) and Best Original Film Score (Kai-yu Huang and Giong Lim) at the 2001 Golden Horse Film Festival, where it was nominated for Best Leading Actress (Shu Qi) and Best Original Film Song (composer/lyricist/performer Giong Lim, for the song "Fly to the Sky").


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: For the film, Hou also won the Silver Hugo award at the 2001 Chicago International Film Festival, and a Best Director award as well as a Grand Prix award at the 2001 Ghent International Film Festival. The film was also nominated for a Best Actress (Hong Kong/Taiwan) award at the 2002 Chinese Media Film Awards, a Screen International Award at the 2001 European Film Awards, and the Golden Maile award at the 2001 Hawaii International Film Festival.


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: Hou's fifteenth feature film - "Café Lumière" (2003) (alternate title: "Kôhî jikô") - was a self-acknowledged homage to the cinema of legendary Japanese filmmaker Yasujirō Ozu, who Hou considers a major influence on his own work. Set in Tokyo for the most part, the film starred Japanese pop singer Yo Hitoto as Yōko in her acting debut (who won the "Newcomer of the Year" award at the 2005 Awards of the Japanese Academy for her performance) as well as renown Japanese actor Tadanobu Asano as Hajime Takeuchi. The film won the Golden Tulip award at the 2005 Istanbul International Film Festival, and was also nominated for the Golden Lion award at the 2004 Venice Film Festival and a "Best Film Not in the English Language" award at the 2004 International Cinephile Society (ICS) Awards.


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: "Three Times" would mark Hou's second collaboration with actress Shu Qi and first collaboration with actor Chang Chen. It is also his sixteenth film, and weaves together three separate stories that describe the relationship of a couple played by Shu and Chang during three separate time periods: (1) "A Time for Love" set in 1966 Kaohsiung; (2) "A Time for Freedom" set in 1911 Dadaocheng; and (3) "A Time for Youth" set in 2005 Taipei.


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: The film was also nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival and at the 2005 Golden Horse Film Festival, the film won Best Actress (Shu Qi), Best Taiwanese Film of the Year and Best Taiwanese Filmmaker of the Year awards, while being nominated for Best Feature Film, Best Director, Best Leading Actor (Chang Chen), Best Original Screenplay (Chu T’ien-wen and Hou Hsiao-hsien), Best Cinematography (Ping Bin Lee), Best Art Direction (Wen-Ying Huang), Best Makeup & Costume Design (Wen-Ying Huang, Shu-Chen Liao and Gin Oy), and Best Film Editing (Ching-Song Liao and Ju-kuan Hsiao) awards. The film also won the Grand Prix / Golden Apricot award for Best Film at the 2006 Yerevan International Film Festival, a Jury Prize from the 2005 Tallinn Black Nights Film Festival, where it was also nominated for the Grand Prize. Finally, the film was also nominated for a Best Asian Film award from the 2006 Hong Kong Film Awards and a Best Foreign Language Film award from the 2006 St. Louis Film Critics Association Awards. In an Indiewire Critics' Poll taken in 2006 for Best Film of the Year, the film was ranked in 6th place.


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: Hou's seventeenth film and first "foreign language" film (which featured dialogue in both French and Mandarin) was "Flight of the Red Balloon" (2007) (French: "Le voyage du ballon rouge"), which starred acclaimed French actress Juliette Binoche, Hippolyte Girardot, Fang Song and others. The film was nominated for the Un Certain Regard award at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival and also won the FIPRESCI Prize at the 2007 Valladolid International Film Festival as well. The film's cinematographer, Mark Lee Ping-Bin aka Ping Bin Lee, also won 2nd place for a Best Cinematography award from the National Society of Film Critics.


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: Furthermore, the film won Best Film and Best Director awards in an Indiewire Critics' Poll taken in 2008, which ranked Binoche's performance in the film the 5th best one of that year and in a Village Voice Film Poll taken the same year, the film won 2nd place for Best Film and 3rd place for Best Actress (Binoche). In addition, "Flight of the Red Balloon" won 3rd place in the 2009 International Cinephile Society (ICS) Awards for the "Best Film Not in the English Language" award, and the ICS also nominated the film for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actress (Binoche), Best Adapted Screenplay (Hou Hsiao-hsien and Francois Margolin) and Best Cinematography (Ping Bin Lee) awards. The film was also nominated for a Best Foreign Language Film (France)by the Online Film & Television Association in 2009.


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: "The Assassin" (2015) was Hou's eighteenth feature film and garnered him the Best Director award at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival, where composer Giong Lim also won the Cannes Soundtrack Award. The film also swept the 2015 Golden Horse Film Festival and Awards, winning a grand total of five awards: Best Director, Best Feature Film, Best Cinematography (Ping Bin Lee), Best Makeup & Costume Design (Wen-Ying Huang), and Best Sound Effects (Duu-Chih Tu, Shih Yi Chu, Shu-yao Wu).> The film was also nominated for 5 additional Golden Horse awards: Best Leading Actress (Shi Qu), Best Adapted Screenplay (Cheng Ah, Chu T’ien-wen and Hai-Meng Hsieh), Best Art Direction (Wen-Ying Huang), Best Original Film Score (Giong Lim) and Best Film Editing (Ching-Song Liao). The film was also nominated for a BAFTA Award for "Best Foreign Language Film", but lost to "Wild Tales".


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: "The Assassin" also won a Best Foreign Language Film award from the 2015 Florida Film Critics Circle Awards, a "Best Film Not in the English Language" award from the Online Film Critics Society (where it was also nominated for a Best Cinematography award for DP Ping Bin Lee), and a Best Foreign Language film award from the Vancouver Film Critics Circle in 2016. The film also won 2nd place for a Best Foreign Language Film award from the Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association in 2015, 3rd place in a 2015 indieWire Critics' Poll for Best Director and Best Cinematography (Ping Bin Lee), where it also received an 8th place for Best Film and a 9th place for Best Editing (Chih-Chia Huang), and 2nd place for a Best Foreign Language Film Award from the Southeastern Film Critics Association Awards in 2015.


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: In addition, the film was nominated for a Best Foreign Language Film award from the 2016 Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards, a Best Foreign Language Film award from the Central Ohio Film Critics Association in 2016, a Best Foreign Language Film award from the Houston Film Critics Society in 2016, a Best Foreign Language Film award from the North Carolina Film Critics Association in 2016, and Best Motion Picture (International Film) award and won the Best Costume Design award from the Satellite Awards in 2015.


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: "The Assassin" was also nominated for a Best Art Direction/Production Design award and a Best Foreign Language Film award from the Chicago Film Critics Association in 2015, an Art Cinema award from the 2015 Hamburg Film Festival, a Best Foreign Film award from the Kansas City Film Critics Circle in 2015, a Best International Film award from the Phoenix Critics Circle in 2015, a Best Cinematography (Ping Bin Lee) and Best Foreign Language Film from the San Francisco Film Critics Circle in 2015, a Best Foreign Language Film award from the St. Louis Film Critics Association in 2015, a Best Foreign Language Film award from the Toronto Film Critics Association in 2016, and a Best Foreign Language Film award from the Washington DC Area Film Critics Association in 2015.


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: The film was also Taiwan's official entry as Best Foreign Language Film at the 88th Academy Awards (2016) but did not make the final shortlist.


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: In 1983, Hou directed a short film segment in the omnibus film "The Sandwich Man" (1983) (the title segment, also entitled "The Sandwich Man") which also featured segments directed by Wan Jen and Zhuang Xiang Zeng entitled "The Taste of Apples" and "Vicki's Hat". The screenplay for all three segments was written by Wu Nien-jen, and "The Sandwich Man" segment is based on a short story by writer/novelist Huang Chunming entitled ""His Son's Big Doll"" (or "Puppet"), whereas "The Taste of Apples" segment is based on a short story of the same name and "Vicki's Hat" is based on "Xiaoqi's Cap", all also by Huang. The film was an omnibus film that followed a similar omnibus film done a year earlier, "In Our Time" (1982), which featured short films directed and written by other Taiwanese filmmakers Edward Yang, Yi Chang, , and Chao Te-chen. The film was also nominated for three awards at the 1983 Golden Horse Film Festival: Best Supporting Actor (Chen Bor-jeng who appeared in Hou's segment "The Sandwich Man"), Best Child Star (Ching-Kuo Yan - who appeared in the "Taste of Apples" segment), and Best Adapted Screenplay (Wu Nien-jen).


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: Hou directed the short film segment "The Electric Princess House" in the omnibus film "To Each His Own Cinema" (2007).


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: Hou also directed, and appeared as a presenter in, the short film segment "La Belle Epoque" of the seminal Taiwanese cinema omnibus/anthology film "" (2011). The segment starred Shu Qi and Fang Mei.


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: Hou has written 21 films in total, 8 of which he also directed ("The Assassin", "Flight of the Red Balloon", "Three Times", "Café Lumière", "A Time to Live, a Time to Die", "A Summer at Grandpa's", "Cute Girl", and "The Green, Green Grass of Home"). Most notably, Hou was one of the co-writers, along with Chu T’ien-wen and Edward Yang on Yang's film "Taipei Story" (1985), which Hou also starred in as the main character and protagonist, Lung.


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: Hou has produced 14 films - meaning serving as a producer or executive producer on a project - and the only film he both produced and directed is "The Assassin" (2015). Among the notable films that he has served as an executive producer on include Chi Po-lin's "" (2013) - winner of the Best Documentary award at the 2013 Golden Horse Film Festival and Awards, Wu Nien-jen's "A Borrowed Life" ("Duo Sang") (1994) (winner of the Grand Prize at The Torino Film Festival in Italy, the Best Actor and The International Critics Award at The Thessaloniki Film Festival in Greece and one of Martin Scorsese's top/favorite/best films of the 1990s decade) and Zhang Yimou's Best Foreign Language Film Oscar-Nominated "Raise The Red Lantern" (1991).


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: Hou has acted in four films, including starring as the main character "Lung" in fellow Taiwanese New Wave auteur Edward Yang's "Taipei Story" (1985), which was perhaps Yang trying to return the favor for Hou casting him in his film "A Summer at Grandpa's" (1984). Prior to that appearance, Hou appeared in another fellow Taiwanese New Wave filmmaker's film, "I Love Mary" (1984). In 1986, Hou played the character "Boy-Boy" in Kei Shu's "Lao Niang Gou Sao" (1986) and in 2013, Hou appeared as an older parental figure in Jie Liu's high school comedy, "Young Style" (2013).


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: Hou was an assistant director on seven films, a presenter for the segment "La Belle Epoque" in the Taiwanese omnibus film "10+10" (2011) (which he also directed), and a script supervisor on the film "The Heart with Million Knots" (1973). Hou also directed a TV commercial for Nippon Shokubai Co. in 1991.


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: Hou's wife is Tsao Pao-feng, who was one of the producers on Hou's film "Flight of the Red Balloon" (2007). Together they have one daughter named Yun-hua. Hou's father was Hou Fen-ming, who was portrayed in Hou's film "A Time to Live, A Time to Die" (1985) (played by Tien Feng).


title: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: Although he rarely discusses politics in public, Hou was a supporter of the now disbanded (民主行動聯盟) which advocates for Chinese unification. Hou has stated in interview that "I was born in mainland China, so to me I will always be Chinese, no matter where I am." The Taiwanese political magazine "New Bloom" describes that although Hou has often been regarded as the "quintessentially Taiwanese filmmaker" in the West, his personal politics opposes how his films are interpreted by Anglophone critics.


title: Leiomy Maldonado

text: Leiomy Maldonado (born April 28, 1987), known as the "Wonder Woman of Vogue", is a transgender Afro-Puerto Rican dancer, instructor, model, activist, and ballroom dancer. She is the founder of the House of Amazon and best known for her voguing. Maldonado introduced a new style of voguing which is more athletic and dramatic when she entered into the scene in early 2000s New York.


title: Leiomy Maldonado

text: She was a member of the dance troupe "Vogue Evolution", which was featured on Season 4 of "America's Best Dance Crew". She has worked with artists such as Willow Smith, Icona Pop, and CocoRosie.


title: Leiomy Maldonado

text: Leiomy Maldonado was born on April 28, 1987, in the Bronx. Maldonado was first introduced to voguing at the age of 15 at the Kips Bay Boys & Girls Club in the Bronx. She has said that a mentor there introduced her by giving her a VHS tape: I went home and I put that tape in and I was immediately intrigued by everything about voguing, everything I saw; the energy, the battling, and just the different personalities that you see through every girl that was on the VHS tape.A year later at 16, she was introduced to the ballroom scene and became an active member of the community in New York. Ballroom is an underground subculture created by mostly impoverished Black and Latino LGBT youth, where they could safely express themselves through dance battles and pageantry. Maldonado cites Ballroom icons Yolanda Jourdan & Alloura Jourdan Zion as her main influences behind her vogue.


title: Leiomy Maldonado

text: She is the first-ever openly transgender woman to appear on MTV's "America's Best Dance Crew" Season 4 in 2009, where her crew made it to the top five. After appearing on TV, Maldonado's signature hair flip move, "The Leiomy Lolly", was adopted by musicians and celebrities, such as Janet Jackson, Beyoncé, Lady Gaga, and Britney Spears. Maldonado appeared in Willow Smith's "Whip My Hair" music video, doing her signature move. While the moves she has created have become known world-wide, credit has not always been given to her as the originator.


title: Leiomy Maldonado

text: She went on to appear in other music videos, such as Icona Pop's "All Night" music video, which paid tribute to the 1991 documentary "Paris is Burning," and the video of Russian pop singer Philipp Kirkorov "Цвет настроения синий" (Mood colour is blue).


title: Leiomy Maldonado

text: Maldonado is the choreographer for the ballroom scenes in the show "Pose". She also appeared in "Pose" playing the character Florida Ferocity.


title: Leiomy Maldonado

text: Maldonado is one of the judges on the HBO Max show "Legendary," a dance competition inspired by the world of ballroom"." Ten Houses compete against each other in weekly vogue battles, with a different theme for each episode. Maldonado appeared as a judge alongside actor Jameela Jamil, celebrity stylist Law Roach, and rapper Megan Thee Stallion. When interviewed about why she joined the show, Maldonado said, "I think they will learn how important ballroom culture is for us, for our community. They’ll also experience how much hard work it takes for us to prepare for these balls and how important it is for us to be celebrated and have a platform to showcase our talent."


title: Leiomy Maldonado

text: Maldonado was the star of the Nike "#BeTrue" advertisement, in support of Pride Month 2017; she is only the second transgender athlete to be featured in a Nike video advertisement. She also starred in Black Opal's beauty campaign as their first trans model.


title: Leiomy Maldonado

text: Maldonado has also walked the runway in New York Fashion Week and in the Savage X Fenty Show in September 2021, a TV special about the fashion show of Rihanna's lingerie clothing line Savage X Fenty.


title: Beyond the Law (2019 film)

text: Beyond the Law is a 2019 American crime action film directed by James Cullen Bressack. It stars Steven Seagal, Johnny Messner, DMX, and Bill Cobbs. The film follows a former detective who vows to avenge his estranged son's death and eventually takes on the local mob.


title: Beyond the Law (2019 film)

text: The film was released on VOD and limited theaters on December 6, 2019. The DVD was released on January 14, 2020. It also marks a reunion for Seagal and DMX who previously collaborated for "Exit Wounds" in 2001. "Beyond the Law" was the final film appearance of DMX before his death in April 2021.


title: Beyond the Law (2019 film)

text: A young man named Chance Wilson falls into a life of corruption moving back into the intercity against the wishes of his father Frank Wilson (Johnny Messner). Frank Wilson initially hoped to keep his son safe and out of trouble by moving out into the country after the death of his wife. Believing life outside the big city is no life at all, Chance returns to the city where he becomes involved with gangsters led by Desmond Packard (Zack Ward). While in the city, Chance developed a widely-known reputation for gambling, oftentimes wagering more than he could afford to pay. One night after gambling at Packard's club, Chance's apartment is invaded by Packard and his men. Unable to produce the money he owes, Chance is brutally beaten and fatally shot by Packard.


title: Beyond the Law (2019 film)

text: Police Detective Ray Munce (DMX) is called to the murder scene. Afterwards, he locates Frank Wilson's residence via Frank's closest friend and neighbor Mr. Swilley (Bill Cobbs). The detective informs Frank of his son's murder and Frank embarks on a quest for justice for his son. He is visited in a diner by a colleague named Ashley Millet, formerly employed at the D.A. office who offers her support. Meanwhile news quickly reaches the local mob of Chance's murder. The boss Augustino "Finn" Adair (Seagal) is displeased to learn that Packard killed what is revealed as the "son of a cop". Making matters worse is that Frank Wilson is not simply a former cop living off-grid, but a man Boss Adair personally knows as being "one of the dirtiest cops" in the city, and a man whose life either has to be bought or ended.


title: Beyond the Law (2019 film)

text: As Wilson returns to life in the city, he meets Charlotte (Saxon Sharbino) who was Chance's girlfriend and an employee at one of the clubs Chance frequently visited. Despite her claim that Chance developed a bad reputation as a gambler with excessively high debt, Frank discovers Charlotte stole Chance's money that was owed to Packard. She confesses she wanted to leave the city with Chance but could not convince him. Frank blames her as the cause of his son's death and holds her accountable for the rest of her life. Frank also confronts Packard himself and vows justice for his son's death. It is later revealed that Munce is a dirty cop, working as an informant for Adair's mob. He reveals Frank's location in the country to Packard, who then sends out a hit squad. Frank dispatches most of the hit squad before being wounded. Munce visits the hospital Frank is recovering at and meets Frank's friends Swilley and Ashley.


title: Beyond the Law (2019 film)

text: Meanwhile, Boss Adair and Packard have a falling out after Adair condemns Packard's conduct and blames him for endangering their mob family for his wrongful murdering of Chance. Packard hatches a scheme to take over the mob family with his "father"'s second-in-command. The conspiracy is quickly discovered however and Adair kills his second-in-command as punishment. Meanwhile, Munce informs Packard of Frank's two closest friends and Packard sets out to silence Swilley. Munce attempts to have Frank killed during his release from the hospital by other dirty cops. The ambush fails and Frank soon after meets and fatally shoots Munce after he admits his corruption. Frank proceeds to go to Packard's headquarters where he confronts and kills him, but not before being wounded by one of Packard's men. Soon after, Boss Adair is waiting for Frank who he now knows he must kill to protect his mob operation and legacy. The two fight, but Adair easily overpowers the wounded Frank and shoots him. Police respond to a 9-1-1 call on Frank's phone as the dying Frank smiles with content at the knowledge Adair will be imprisoned for life.


title: Beyond the Law (2019 film)

text: The film's final moments follow Charlotte who apparently went into hiding at a hotel. She reads a breaking news bulletin on her smartphone reporting Boss Adair's arrest and questioning for the murders of Frank Wilson and Detective Munce. Fearing her involvement, Charlotte attempts to flee for her life but is intercepted by one of Adair's associates armed with a gun.


title: Wayuu people

text: The Wayuu (also Wayu, Wayúu, Guajiro, Wahiro) are an Amerindian ethnic group of the Guajira Peninsula in northernmost part of Colombia and northwest Venezuela. The Wayuu language is part of the Maipuran (Arawak) language family.