title: Džanan Musa

text: In the 2017–18 season, while a member of Cedevita, Musa was awarded the EuroCup Rising Star Trophy, after averaging 10.5 points and 3.2 rebounds per game, in 16 games played in Europe's 2nd-tier level EuroCup competition. He was also named the ABA League Top Prospect as well as to the All-ABA League Team for the 2017–18 season.


title: Džanan Musa

text: On April 12, 2018, Musa declared for the 2018 NBA draft, where he was expected to be a first round selection. On June 21, he was selected with the 29th overall pick by the Brooklyn Nets. On July 12, the Nets signed Musa to a rookie scale contract. During his rookie season, Musa has had multiple assignments to the Long Island Nets of the NBA G League.


title: Džanan Musa

text: On November 19, 2020, Musa was traded to the Detroit Pistons in a three-team trade. On December 21, 2020, Musa was waived by the Pistons.


title: Džanan Musa

text: On January 13, 2021, Musa signed a 2.5 year contract with Anadolu Efes of the Turkish Basketball Super League. On June 27, 2021, Efes used their option to exit from their mutual contract and Musa became a free agent. His short run with the Turkish club had four EuroLeague appearances and a short playing time total of 12 minutes. He also played in eight Turkish league games, averaging 11.4 points per game.


title: Džanan Musa

text: On July 21, 2021, Musa signed with Río Breogán of the Liga ACB. Musa became one of Río Breogán's most legendary players, by helping them sealing participation in the Copa del Rey de Baloncesto for the first time in more than 30 years. Musa's best moments in a Río Breogán jersey include two games against Valencia Basket, scoring 33 points (44 PIR) and 31 points (47 PIR), a game-winner against Breogán's arch-rivals Obradoiro CAB or his 25 points in Week 1 against CB Canarias. He got injured in April against Bàsquet Manresa. He won several Player of the Week awards and two Player of the Month awards, and is set to win his first Liga ACB MVP of the Season which would make him the first Río Breogán player to ever win the most prestigious individual award in Spanish basketball.


title: Džanan Musa

text: On July 14, 2022, Musa signed a two-year deal with reigning Spanish champions and EuroLeague finalists Real Madrid.


title: Džanan Musa

text: Musa played at the 2014 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship with the Bosnian national Under-16 team, leading the tournament in scoring, at 23.0 points per game. He also played at the 2015 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship, which he led in scoring, at 23.3 points per game, and in assisting, at 6.3 assists per game. He also averaged 9.0 rebounds per game, during the tournament. In the tournament's finals game, against the tournament's hosts, Lithuania, Musa scored 33 points, to go along with his 8 rebounds, 7 assists, 3 steals and 2 blocks, leading his team to an 85–83 victory, and securing a gold medal for his team. Musa was named the MVP of the tournament, and he was also selected to the All-Tournament Team.


title: Džanan Musa

text: Musa also played at the 2016 FIBA Under-17 World Cup, which he led in scoring and in efficiency, with 34.0 points per game, and 27.7 efficiency per game and 194.0 overall. He also averaged 8.1 rebounds and 3.0 assists per game. During the tournament, Musa made history by breaking the record in most points scored in a single competitive game with 50 points in a game against Chinese Taipei, previous being 41 points and shared by Isaac Humphries and Jalen Howard, who scored his on 23 June, just six days earlier of Musa. On 29 June, Musa managed to shoot 18-of-26 from the field and 11-of-15 from the free-throw line, adding 7 rebounds and 4 assists during 27 minutes and 15 seconds he spent on court. This is the current record for the most points scored in a single game at the FIBA Under-17 World Cup tournament.


title: 2022 Diamond League

text: The 2022 Diamond League was the thirteenth season of the Diamond League, an annual series of outdoor track and field meetings, organised by World Athletics. The competition was a revision to the top level athletics series since the Diamond League was founded in 2010. The number of Diamond Discipline events was 32, and the dual-meet final format was due to be replaced by a single final, which would have expanded the number of meetings to 14. A second Chinese meeting was added to the calendar. The reduction of events was aimed at allowing a standardized 120-minute television format for the series. Each meeting will host a number of Diamond Discipline events, only some of which would be broadcast. Events losing Diamond Discipline status would feature on the World Athletics Continental Tour, which will replace the IAAF World Challenge as the second tier of track and field meetings.


title: 2022 Diamond League

text: On May 6, 2022, World Athletics announced that two meetings originally to be held in China were removed from the calendar. Kamila Skolimowska Memorial in Chorzow was chosen as an alternate meeting.


title: The Christmas Song

text: "The Christmas Song" (commonly subtitled "Chestnuts Roasting by an Open Fire" or, as it was originally subtitled, "Merry Christmas to You") is a classic Christmas song written in 1945 by Robert Wells and Mel Tormé.


title: The Christmas Song

text: The Nat King Cole Trio first recorded the song in June 1946. At Cole's behestand over the objections of his label, Capitol Recordsa second recording was made in August utilizing a small string section. This version became a massive hit on both the pop and R&B charts. Cole again recorded the song in 1953, using the same arrangement with a full orchestra arranged and conducted by Nelson Riddle, and once more in 1961, in a stereophonic version with another full orchestra arranged and conducted by Ralph Carmichael. Cole's 1961 version is generally regarded as definitive, and in 2004 was the most-loved seasonal song with women aged 30–49, while the original 1946 recording was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1974. In 2022, the 1961 Nat King Cole recording was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the United States National Recording Registry as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.".


title: The Christmas Song

text: According to Tormé, the song was written in July 1945 during a blistering hot summer. It was in an effort to "stay cool by thinking cool" that the most-performed (according to BMI) Christmas song of all time was born. "I saw a spiral pad on his (Wells's) piano with four lines written in pencil", Tormé recalled. "They started, 'Chestnuts roasting..., Jack Frost nipping..., Yuletide carols..., Folks dressed up like Eskimos.' Bob didn't think he was writing a song lyric. He said he thought if he could immerse himself in winter he could cool off. Forty minutes later that song was written. I wrote all the music and some of the lyrics."


title: The Christmas Song

text: Recorded at WMCA Radio Studios, New York City, June 14, 1946. Label credit: The King Cole Trio (Nat King Cole, vocals & piano; Oscar Moore, guitarist; Johnny Miller, bassist). Not issued until 1989, when it was (accidentally) included on the various-artists compilation "Billboard Greatest Christmas Hits (1935–1954)" Rhino R1 70637(LP) / R2 70637(CD).


title: The Christmas Song

text: Recorded at WMCA Radio Studios, New York City, August 19, 1946. First record issue. Label credit: The King Cole Trio with String Choir (Nat King Cole, vocals & piano; Oscar Moore, guitarist; Johnny Miller, bassist; Jack "The Bear" Parker, drummer; Charlie Grean, arranger and conductor of 4 string players and a harpist). Lacquer disc master #981. Issued November 1946 as Capitol 311 (78rpm). It is available on the Cole compilation CDs "Capitol Collectors Series" and "Christmas for Kids: From One to Ninety-Two", as well as on a CD called "The Holiday Album", which has 1940s Christmas songs recorded by Cole and Bing Crosby.


title: The Christmas Song

text: Recorded at Capitol Studios at 5515 Melrose Avenue in Hollywood, on August 24, 1953. It was the song's first magnetic tape recording. Label credit: The King Cole Trio with String Choir (Nat King Cole, vocals; Buddy Cole, pianist; John Collins, guitarist; Charlie Harris, bassist; Lee Young, drummer; Ann Stockton, harp; Charlie Grean, Pete Rugolo and Nelson Riddle, orchestral arrangement; Nelson Riddle, orchestra conductor). Master #11726, take 11. Issued November 1953 as the "new" Capitol 90036(78rpm) / F90036(45rpm) (Capitol first issued 90036 in 1950 with the second recording). Correct label credit issued on October 18, 1954 as Capitol 2955(78rpm) / F2955(45rpm). Label credit: Nat "King" Cole with Orchestra Conducted by Nelson Riddle. This recording is available on the Cole compilation CD "Cole, Christmas, & Kids," as well as on the various-artists CDs "Ultimate Christmas" and "Casey Kasem Presents All Time Christmas Favorites". It was also included, along with both 1946 recordings, on the Mosaic Records box set "The Complete Capitol Recordings of the Nat King Cole Trio".


title: The Christmas Song

text: Recorded at Capitol Studios, New York City, March 30, 1961. This rendition, the first recorded in stereo, is widely played on radio stations during the Christmas season, and has become the most popular/familiar version of this song. Label credit: Nat King Cole (Nat King Cole, vocals; Hank Jones, pianist; John Collins, guitarist; Charlie Harris, bassist; Lee Young, drummer; Charlie Grean, Pete Rugolo and Ralph Carmichael, orchestral arrangement; Ralph Carmichael, orchestra conductor). The instrumental arrangement is nearly identical to the 1953 version, but Cole's vocals are deeper-sounding and more focused. Originally done for "The Nat King Cole Story" (a 1961 LP devoted to stereo re-recordings of Cole's earlier hits), this recording was later included in a reissue of Cole's 1960 album "The Magic of Christmas" replacing "God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen". Retitled "The Christmas Song", the album was issued in 1963 as Capitol W-1967(mono) / SW-1967(stereo) and today is available both on compact disc and streaming on iTunes. This recording of "The Christmas Song" has also been included on numerous compilation albums of Christmas pop standards (for example, WCBS-FM's "Ultimate Christmas Album Volume 3"). An alternate take of the 1961 recording, featuring a different vocal and missing the solo piano on the instrumental bridge, appears on the Deluxe Edition of the 2014 compilation "The Extraordinary Nat King Cole". There were several covers of Nat Cole's original record in the 1940s. The first of these was said to be by Dick Haymes on the Decca label, but his was released firstnot recorded first. The first cover of "The Christmas Song" was performed by pop tenor and bandleader Eddy Howard on Majestic. Howard was a big Cole fan, and also covered Nat's versions of "I Want to Thank Your Folks" and "(I Love You) For Sentimental Reasons", among others.


title: The Christmas Song

text: "The Christmas Song" has been covered by numerous artists from a wide variety of genres. In December 1946, Bing Crosby performed it on a recorded radio broadcast with an introduction including Skitch Henderson on piano. Crosby, with the Ken Darby Singers and the John Scott Trotter Orchestra, also made a studio recording on March 19, 1947, which went on to be released as a single later that same year. In 1953, Perry Como performed the song for both the "Christmas Joy" single and his album "Around the Christmas Tree".


title: The Christmas Song

text: In 1999, Christina Aguilera recorded a version and included it on her album, "My Kind of Christmas" (2000). The song found critical and commercial success and peaked at number 18 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 singles chart; the second highest position for the song on the chart after the original. In 2003 for his EP "Let It Snow", Michael Bublé recorded a cover of the song. It charted at number 6 on the "Billboard" Adult Contemporary chart. In 2018, Lauren Daigle's cover of the song reached number 55 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and number one on the Christian Songs chart. In 2021, Jacob Collier's cover of the song was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Arrangement, Instrumental and Vocals at the 64th Annual ceremony.


title: The Christmas Song

text: The song has also been covered by Ariana Grande, Camila Cabello, The Carpenters, Celine Dion, Ella Fitzgerald, Elizabeth Gillies, Frank Sinatra, The Jackson 5, John Legend, JoJo, Justin Bieber, Kenny Burrell, Luther Vandross, Mary J. Blige, Ne-Yo, NSYNC, Pentatonix, Peter Hollens, Shawn Mendes, and Toni Braxton among others.


title: The Christmas Song

text: Mel Tormé himself made several recordings of the song, including versions released in 1955 (on his live Coral Records album "At the Crescendo"), 1961 (on his Verve Records album "My Kind of Music"), 1970 (on a Columbia Records promo single), 1990 (in a medley with "Autumn Leaves", on his live Concord Records album "Mel Tormé Live at the Fujitsu–Concord Festival 1990"), and 1992 (on his Telarc Records album "Christmas Songs").


title: The Christmas Song

text: The 1970 Columbia version of the song adds an opening verse, written in 1963 while Tormé was working as musical arranger for "The Judy Garland Show". He first performed and introduced the opening verse while duetting with Garland on the song for the show's Christmas Special, which aired on December 22, 1963:


title: José Coronado

text: José María Coronado García (born 14 August 1957) is a Spanish film and television actor and former model. His performances playing (often corrupt and/or morally dubious) law enforcement officer roles have brought him some of the greatest successes of his career.


title: José Coronado

text: José María Coronado García was born in Madrid on 14 August 1957, son to a well-off family from Chamberí. He started studies in Medicine and later Law, from which he dropped out, accepting an offer to participate in a commercial shot in Menorca. Before joining the acting school of Cristina Rota, Coronado worked as model, choreographer, also opening a restaurant. Following the acting courses, he landed a small role in the stage play "El público", performed in 1987 in Madrid. His debut in a feature film came with a performance in "Waka Waka".


title: José Coronado

text: He won several awards for his performance as the lead actor in the 2011 film "No habrá paz para los malvados", including a Goya, a Sant Jordi Award, and a Fotogramas de Plata award.


title: José Coronado

text: He is also known for his romantic life, with affairs with Isabel Pantoja, Paola Dominguín, Esther Cañadas and Mónica Molina.


title: Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests

text: Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest is a temperate climate terrestrial habitat type defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature, with broadleaf tree ecoregions, and with conifer and broadleaf tree mixed coniferous forest ecoregions.


title: Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests

text: These forests are richest and most distinctive in central China and eastern North America, with some other globally distinctive ecoregions in the Caucasus, the Himalayas, Southern Europe, Australasia, Southwestern South America and the Russian Far East.


title: Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests

text: In the Northern hemisphere, characteristic dominant broadleaf trees in this biome include oaks ("Quercus" spp.), beeches ("Fagus" spp.), maples ("Acer" spp.), or birches ("Betula" spp.). The term "mixed forest" comes from the inclusion of coniferous trees as a canopy component of some of these forests. Typical coniferous trees include pines ("Pinus" spp.), firs ("Abies" spp.), and spruces ("Picea" spp.). In some areas of this biome, the conifers may be a more important canopy species than the broadleaf species. In the Southern Hemisphere, endemic genera such as "Nothofagus" and "Eucalyptus" occupy this biome, and most coniferous trees (members of the Araucariaceae and Podocarpaceae) occur in mixtures with broadleaf species, and are classed as broadleaf and mixed forests.


title: Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests

text: Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests occur in areas with distinct warm and cool seasons that give them moderate annual average temperatures — . These forests occur in relatively warm and rainy climates, sometimes also with a distinct dry season. A dry season occurs in the winter in East Asia and in summer on the wet fringe of the Mediterranean climate zones. Other areas, such as central eastern North America, have a fairly even distribution of rainfall; annual rainfall is typically over and often over , though it can go as low as in some parts of the Middle East and close to in the mountains of New Zealand and the Azores. Temperatures are typically moderate except in parts of Asia such as Ussuriland, where temperate forests can occur despite very harsh conditions with very cold winters.


title: Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests

text: The climates are typically humid for much of the year, usually appearing in the humid subtropical climate without summer being extremely hot and winter very mild, and in the humid continental climate zones to the south of tundra and the generally subarctic taiga. In the Köppen climate classification they are represented respectively by "Cfa", "Dfa/Dfb" southern range and "Cfb", and more rarely, "Csb", "BSk" and "Csa".


title: Companies House

text: Companies House is the executive agency of the company registrars of the United Kingdom, falling under the remit of the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy. All forms of companies (as permitted by the Companies Act) are incorporated and registered with Companies House and file specific details as required by legislation. All registered limited companies, including subsidiary, small and inactive companies, must file annual financial statements in addition to annual company returns, and all these are public records. Only some registered unlimited companies (meeting certain conditions) are exempt from this requirement.


title: Companies House

text: The United Kingdom has had a system of company registration since 1844. The legislation governing company registration matters is the Companies Act 2006.


title: Companies House

text: Prior to 1844, companies could only be incorporated through grant of a royal charter, by private act of Parliament, or, from 1834, by letters patent. Few companies were incorporated, with only approximately 100 companies being incorporated by private act between 1801 and 1844. At this time, no central register of companies was in existence.


title: Companies House

text: The origins of Companies House date back to 1844, the year the Joint Stock Companies Act received royal assent, enabling companies to be incorporated by registration for the first time. The Act created the office of the Registrar of Joint Stock Companies to maintain the register of companies, which was publicly accessible. It was hoped by MPs of the day that a publicly accessible central company register would help to protect the public from fraud. All companies, irrespective of their method of incorporation, were obliged to register within three months of the commencement of the Act.


title: Companies House

text: The Act provided for two types of company registration: provisional, and complete. The filing requirements for complete registration were more extensive than those for provisional registration. Given that there was no requirement for companies granted a certificate of provisional registration to submit the remaining information in order to become completely registered, the Act was not hugely successful as many of its provisions applied only to completely registered companies.


title: Companies House

text: The Joint Stock Companies Act 1844 applied only to England and Wales, and Ireland; it did not apply to Scotland.


title: Companies House

text: Prior to the commencement of the Limited Liability Act 1855, shareholders were generally treated similarly to partners in a common law partnership, and had unlimited liability for the debts and obligations of the companies in which they held shares. From 1855, it became possible for shareholders to benefit from limited liability as a matter of routine, provided the companies in which they held shares were registered with the Registrar of Joint Stock Companies under the 1844 Act. The aim of this act was to incentivise the creation of new joint stock companies, while giving investors, the majority of whom did not play an active role in day-to-day management, protection from liabilities incurred by company directors.


title: Companies House

text: The Joint Stock Companies Act 1856 abolished the dual registration system of the 1844 Act; provisional registration ceased to be possible. In exchange for providing shareholders with the benefit of limited liability, companies were required to submit certain information to the Registrar for Joint Stock Companies, including memoranda and articles of association (which had not previously been divided in this way), and annual reports.


title: Companies House

text: The 1856 Act also mandated that there be a Registrar of Companies for each of the UK's three jurisdictions. This system remains today, with a separate Registrar of Companies for England and Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland; 'Companies House' is merely a brand adopted by the registrars.


title: Companies House

text: Company registration in Scotland commenced in 1856, with the first company registered being the "Daily Bulletin Company Limited", a newspaper publisher. The first Registrar of Joint Stock Companies for Scotland was George Deane, from 1856 to 1858, before he was transferred to the London office of Companies House to be Chief Clerk to the Registrar for England and Wales. The remaining staff were transferred to the office of the Queen's and Lord Treasurer's Remembrancer (Q&LTR), who took on the role of Registrar of Companies for Scotland.


title: Companies House

text: In 1982 the post of Q&LTR was transferred to the Crown Agent, and the staff and functions relating to company registration in Scotland were transferred to the Department of Trade and Industry on 1 April 1981.


title: Companies House

text: In October 1988, Companies House became an executive agency of the Department of Trade and Industry, and then in October 1991 started to operate as a trading fund, self-financing by retaining income from charges.


title: Companies House

text: When the Companies Act 2006 was fully implemented on 1 October 2009, the Northern Ireland companies register was fully integrated into Companies House; previously, all limited companies in Northern Ireland were registered with the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment.


title: Companies House

text: As government departments were reorganised, Companies House came under the Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform (2007), the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (2009), and the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2016). Companies House was a member of the Public Data Group, an advisory board which between 2011 and 2015 sought to improve public access to government data.


title: Companies House

text: In 2020, there were approximately 4.3 million businesses on the Companies House register. In the same year Companies House ceased to operate as a trading fund.


title: Companies House

text: In view of the coronavirus pandemic, from 25 March 2020 companies were able to apply for a three-month extension to the annual deadline for filing their accounts and reports. The Corporate Insolvency and Governance Act 2020 made this extension automatic for filing deadlines between 27 June 2020 and 5 April 2021; after the latter date, companies could again apply for a three-month extension. There were also temporary extensions to the deadlines for filing confirmation statements and certain event-driven filings.


title: Companies House

text: The Registrar of Companies for England and Wales is based at Companies House, Cardiff, and is responsible for the registration of companies in England and Wales. Until 2011 there was another Companies House office in Nantgarw, Wales. The London office of Companies House, located at Petty France, is purely a facility to file and view documents, which are then processed in Cardiff.


title: Companies House

text: The Registrar of Companies for Scotland, is based at Companies House, Edinburgh, and is responsible for the registration of companies in Scotland. The current registrar is Lisa Davis.


title: Companies House

text: The Registrar of Companies for Northern Ireland is based at Companies House, Belfast, and is responsible for the registration of companies in Northern Ireland. The current registrar is Lynn Cooper.


title: Companies House

text: Despite its name, Companies House acts not only as registrar for companies, but also for the following undertakings:


title: Companies House

text: Every undertaking registered with Companies House must have a unique name. Whether a name is unique or not is determined by Companies House; certain terms and punctuation, and characters after the first 60, are completely disregarded when assessing the uniqueness of a name, and other characters, although strictly different, are deemed to be the same as each other.


title: Companies House

text: Companies may not have names which if used would constitute a criminal offence, or which are offensive. Approval from the Secretary of State is required if a company wishes to use a name indicating a connection to government, or other so-called 'sensitive' words or phrases.


title: Companies House

text: Generally, undertakings registered with Companies House are required to indicate their legal form in their names:


title: Companies House

text: Notwithstanding the above, private limited companies need not indicate their legal form in their names if they are charities, exempted by new regulations made by the Secretary of State, or subject to a continuing exemption.


title: Companies House

text: Every undertaking registered with Companies House is issued with a registered number. Once issued, a registered number remains the same, even if the undertaking changes its name.


title: Companies House

text: Registered numbers consist of eight digits, and in certain circumstances a two letter prefix, including:


title: Companies House

text: The Register of Companies contains certificates of incorporation for all undertakings incorporated by registration with Companies House. Incorporation takes place on the issuance of a certificate of incorporation by the registrar. Private limited companies can be issued with a certificate of incorporation within 24 hours of an application being submitted.


title: Companies House

text: Registration of companies is complete once the certificate of incorporation is signed or sealed by the registrar.


title: Companies House

text: Incorporation of a limited liability partnerships is complete once the certificate of incorporation is signed or sealed by the registrar.


title: Companies House

text: Limited partnerships are not issued with certificate of incorporation upon registration with Companies House, but instead with certificates of registration. This is because limited partnerships are not legal persons and therefore are not created by incorporation.


title: Companies House

text: A limited partnership comes into existence once its certificate of registration has been signed or sealed by the registrar.


title: Companies House

text: Companies House does not verify the accuracy of information filed. The Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy announced in 2020 that Companies House would be given powers to verify the identities of company directors, but did not set a timetable for their introduction.


title: Companies House

text: Since June 2016, private companies can elect to keep certain statutory records on the central register which is held and published by Companies House, instead of maintaining their own registers. These records include:


title: Companies House

text: In February 2008, "The Times" and "Computer Weekly" broke a story that almost 4,000 of the names on the Companies House register of directors were on international watchlists of alleged fraudsters, money launderers, terror financiers and corrupt officials. The results came from Datanomic who had screened the 6.8 million names on the register against a World-Check database of high risk individuals and businesses. The exercise also revealed more than 1,500 disqualified company directors were being allowed to run other UK companies as Companies House was not checking names against its register of disqualified persons.


title: Rockin' in the Free World

text: "Rockin' in the Free World" is a song by Canadian-American singer, musician and songwriter Neil Young, released on Young's seventeenth studio album "Freedom" (1989). Two versions of the song bookend the album, similarly to "Hey Hey, My My (Into the Black)" from Young's "Rust Never Sleeps" album, one of which is performed with a predominantly acoustic arrangement, and the other predominantly electric. "Rolling Stone" magazine ranked "Rockin' In the Free World" number 214 on its "500 Greatest Songs of All Time"


title: Rockin' in the Free World

text: Young wrote the song while on tour with his band The Restless in February 1989. He learned that a planned concert tour to the Soviet Union was not going to happen and his guitarist Frank "Poncho" Sampedro said "we'll have to keep on rockin' in the free world". The phrase struck Young, who thought it could be the hook in a song about "stuff going on with the Ayatollah and all this turmoil in the world.” He had the lyrics the next day.


title: Rockin' in the Free World

text: The lyrics criticize the George H. W. Bush administration, then in its first month, quoting Bush's famous "thousand points of light" remark from his 1989 inaugural address and his 1988 presidential campaign promise for America to become a "kinder, gentler nation". The song also refers to Ayatollah Khomeini's proclamation that the United States was the "Great Satan" and Jesse Jackson's 1988 campaign slogan, "Keep hope alive". The song was first performed live on February 21, 1989, in Seattle with The Restless, without the band having rehearsed it.


title: Rockin' in the Free World

text: The song is included on Young's "Greatest Hits" (2004) release. It reached No. 2 on the "Billboard"'s Mainstream Rock Tracks chart.


title: Rockin' in the Free World

text: "Rockin' in the Free World" has been recorded by numerous other artists. A version by The Alarm appears on their album "Raw" (1991). Pearl Jam, joined by Neil Young, performed the song at the 1993 MTV Video Music Awards and has frequently performed it live in concert. It was also done by Swiss hard rock band Krokus on their 2017 covers collection "Big Rocks". Roots rock duo Larkin Poe released a cover on their 2020 album "Kindred Spirits". American nu metal band Soil released a cover in 2022.


title: Rockin' in the Free World

text: In 2015 and 2016, the song was played during Donald Trump's grand entry preceding his formal announcement that he would run as a Republican candidate for the 2016 presidency. Young, a longtime supporter of Bernie Sanders, said that Trump's use of "Rockin' in the Free World" was not authorized. The contention, later determined to be a licensing issue, was resolved, and Trump's campaign used the song. Young explained to "Rolling Stone" that he had no issue with the campaign using the song.


title: Rockin' in the Free World

text: In 2020, Trump again used the song at a pre-Fourth of July speech at Mount Rushmore on July 3, along with two other Young songs ("Like a Hurricane" and "Cowgirl in the Sand"). A tweet from Young from the official Neil Young Archives Twitter account responded to the usage of "Rockin' in the Free World” by retweeting a tweet from "Rapid City Journal" reporter Morgan Matzen that contained a video with the song playing at the Trump event with Young adding "This is NOT ok with me…". A minute later Young retweeted a second Matzen tweet, this time one showing a video of Young's song "Like a Hurricane" playing before the President took the stage, with Young adding "I stand in solidarity with the Lakota Sioux & this is NOT ok with me." On August 4, 2020, Young filed a lawsuit in the Southern District of New York against the Trump campaign for copyright infringement for its use of "Rockin' in the Free World" and "Devil's Sidewalk" after both songs had been removed from ASCAP's political license. On December 7, 2020, Young voluntarily dismissed the case.


title: Protein tertiary structure

text: Protein tertiary structure is the three dimensional shape of a protein. The tertiary structure will have a single polypeptide chain "backbone" with one or more protein secondary structures, the protein domains. Amino acid side chains may interact and bond in a number of ways. The interactions and bonds of side chains within a particular protein determine its tertiary structure. The protein tertiary structure is defined by its atomic coordinates. These coordinates may refer either to a protein domain or to the entire tertiary structure. A number of tertiary structures may fold into a quaternary structure.


title: Protein tertiary structure

text: The science of the tertiary structure of proteins has progressed from one of hypothesis to one of detailed definition. Although Emil Fischer had suggested proteins were made of polypeptide chains and amino acid side chains, it was Dorothy Maud Wrinch who incorporated geometry into the prediction of protein structures. Wrinch demonstrated this with the "Cyclol" model, the first prediction of the structure of a globular protein. Contemporary methods are able to determine, without prediction, tertiary structures to within 5 Å (0.5 nm) for small proteins (<120 residues) and, under favorable conditions, confident secondary structure predictions.


title: Protein tertiary structure

text: A protein folded into its native state or native conformation typically has a lower Gibbs free energy (a combination of enthalpy and entropy) than the unfolded conformation. A protein will tend towards low-energy conformations, which will determine the protein's fold in the cellular environment. Because many similar conformations will have similar energies, protein structures are dynamic, fluctuating between these similar structures.


title: Protein tertiary structure

text: Globular proteins have a core of hydrophobic amino acid residues and a surface region of water-exposed, charged, hydrophilic residues. This arrangement may stabilise interactions within the tertiary structure. For example, in secreted proteins, which are not bathed in cytoplasm, disulfide bonds between cysteine residues help to maintain the tertiary structure. There is a commonality of stable tertiary structures seen in proteins of diverse function and diverse evolution. For example, the TIM barrel, named for the enzyme triosephosphateisomerase, is a common tertiary structure as is the highly stable, dimeric, coiled coil structure. Hence, proteins may be classified by the structures they hold. Databases of proteins which use such a classification include "SCOP" and "CATH".


title: Protein tertiary structure

text: Folding kinetics may trap a protein in a high-energy conformation, i.e. a high-energy intermediate conformation blocks access to the lowest-energy conformation. The high-energy conformation may contribute to the function of the protein. For example, the influenza hemagglutinin protein is a single polypeptide chain which when activated, is proteolytically cleaved to form two polypeptide chains. The two chains are held in a high-energy conformation. When the local pH drops, the protein undergoes an energetically favorable conformational rearrangement that enables it to penetrate the host cell membrane.


title: Protein tertiary structure

text: Some tertiary protein structures may exist in long-lived states that are not the expected most stable state. For example, many serpins (serine protease inhibitors) show this metastability. They undergo a conformational change when a loop of the protein is cut by a protease.


title: Protein tertiary structure

text: It is commonly assumed that the native state of a protein is also the most thermodynamically stable and that a protein will reach its native state, given its chemical kinetics, before it is translated. Protein chaperones within the cytoplasm of a cell assist a newly synthesised polypeptide to attain its native state. Some chaperone proteins are highly specific in their function, for example, protein disulfide isomerase; others are general in their function and may assist most globular proteins, for example, the prokaryotic GroEL/GroES system of proteins and the homologous eukaryotic heat shock proteins (the Hsp60/Hsp10 system).


title: Protein tertiary structure

text: Prediction of protein tertiary structure relies on knowing the protein's primary structure and comparing the possible predicted tertiary structure with known tertiary structures in protein data banks. This only takes into account the cytoplasmic environment present at the time of protein synthesis to the extent that a similar cytoplasmic environment may also have influenced the structure of the proteins recorded in the protein data bank.


title: Protein tertiary structure

text: The structure of a protein, for example an enzyme, may change upon binding of its natural ligands, for example a cofactor. In this case, the structure of the protein bound to the ligand is known as holo structure, of the unbound protein as apo structure.


title: Protein tertiary structure

text: - Envelopment of the protein brings the protein closer and relates a-to located in distant regions of the sequence


title: Protein tertiary structure

text: - Acquisition of the tertiary structure leads to the formation of pockets and sites suitable for the recognition and


title: Protein tertiary structure

text: The knowledge of the tertiary structure of soluble globular proteins is more advanced than that of membrane proteins because the former are easier to study with available technology.


title: Protein tertiary structure

text: X-ray crystallography is the most common tool used to determine protein structure. It provides high resolution of the structure but it does not give information about protein's conformational flexibility.


title: Protein tertiary structure

text: Protein NMR gives comparatively lower resolution of protein structure. It is limited to smaller proteins. However, it can provide information about conformational changes of a protein in solution.


title: Protein tertiary structure

text: Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) can give information about both a protein's tertiary and quaternary structure. It is particularly well-suited to large proteins and symmetrical complexes of protein subunits.


title: Protein tertiary structure

text: Dual polarisation interferometry provides complementary information about surface captured proteins. It assists in determining structure and conformation changes over time.


title: Protein tertiary structure

text: The Folding@home project at Stanford University is a distributed computing research effort which uses approximately 5 petaFLOPS (≈10 x86 petaFLOPS) of available computing. It aims to find an algorithm which will consistently predict protein tertiary and quaternary structures given the protein's amino acid sequence and its cellular conditions.


title: Protein tertiary structure

text: Protein aggregation diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease and prion diseases such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy can be better understood by constructing (and reconstructing) disease models. This is done by causing the disease in laboratory animals, for example, by administering a toxin, such as MPTP to cause Parkinson's disease, or through genetic manipulation.


title: Protein tertiary structure

text: Protein structure prediction is a new way to create disease models, which may avoid the use of animals.


title: Protein tertiary structure

text: Matching patterns in tertiary structure of a given protein to huge number of known protein tertiary structures and retrieve most similar ones in ranked order is in the heart of many research areas like function prediction of novel proteins, study of evolution, disease diagnosis, drug discovery, antibody design etc. The CoMOGrad project at BUET is a research effort to device an extremely fast and much precise method for protein tertiary structure retrieval and develop online tool based on research outcome.


title: Ronnie Drew

text: Joseph Ronald Drew (16 September 1934 – 16 August 2008) was an Irish singer, folk musician and actor who achieved international fame during a fifty-year career recording with The Dubliners.


title: Ronnie Drew

text: He is most recognised for his lead vocals on the single "Seven Drunken Nights" and "The Irish Rover" both charting in the UK top 10 and then performed on "TOTP". He was recognisable for his long beard and pale blue eyes and his voice, which was once described by Nathan Joseph as being "like the sound of coke being crushed under a door".


title: Ronnie Drew

text: Although he was so intimately associated with being "a Dubliner", he would sometimes say, "I was born and grew up in Dún Laoghaire, and no true Dubliner would accept that at all!", a quip that Andy Irvine relayed in his song "O'Donoghue's".


title: Ronnie Drew

text: Drew was educated at CBS Eblana and used to "mitch" and cycle up to Leopardstown Racecourse. Despite his aversion to education, he was considered the most intelligent in his class by schoolfriend and future Irish film censor, Sheamus Smith.


title: Ronnie Drew

text: In the 1950s, Drew moved to Spain to teach English and learn Spanish and flamenco guitar. His interest in folk music began at the age of 19. When he returned to Ireland, he performed in the Gate Theatre with John Molloy and soon went into the music business full-time, after holding a number of short-term jobs—including one at Dublin's telephone exchange.


title: Ronnie Drew

text: In 1962, he founded the Ronnie Drew Group with Luke Kelly, Barney McKenna and Ciarán Bourke. They soon changed their name to The Dubliners—with John Sheahan joining shortly afterwards to form the definitive line-up—and quickly became one of the best known Irish folk groups. They played at first in O'Donoghue's Pub in Merrion Row, Dublin 2 where they were often accompanied by Mary Jordan on the spoons and vocalist Ann Mulqueen, a friend of McKenna's. Mary Jordan's mother, Peggy Jordan, introduced them to the Abbey Tavern in Howth, which became a regular Monday night venue for the emerging group. They also played across the road in the Royal Hotel, at all-night parties in Peggy's large house in Kenilworth Square in Rathgar, and in John Molloy's flat at Ely Place.


title: Ronnie Drew

text: Drew left the Dubliners in 1974. He rejoined in 1979, but then left for good in 1995, though he did reunite with the group in 2002 for a 40th anniversary celebration. He made several television appearances with the group between 2002 and 2005.


title: Ronnie Drew

text: From 1995 onwards, Drew pursued a solo career. He recorded with many artists, including Christy Moore, The Pogues, Antonio Breschi, Dropkick Murphys, Eleanor Shanley and others. He did a number of "one-man shows"—he was accompanied by various guitarists—during this period, such as "Songs and Stories", "Ronnie, I Hardly Knew Ya" and "Ronnie". These shows consisted of stories about people such as Brendan Behan, Patrick Kavanagh and Seán O'Casey, as well as Drew singing their songs.


title: Ronnie Drew

text: He fronted a campaign to encourage the use of Dublin's light-rail infrastructure (the DART) and, before that, the "My Dublin" ads for radio stations 98FM and FM104. He narrated a retelling of the great Irish Myths and Legends—scripted by Steven Byrne—over a six CD set in 2006. He also narrated the stories of Oscar Wilde in his distinctive voice for a series released on CD by the "News of the World" newspaper. Both were re-released as CD box sets in 2010.


title: Ronnie Drew

text: On 22 August 2006, Drew was honoured in a ceremony where his hand prints were added to the "Walk of Fame" outside Dublin's Gaiety Theatre.


title: Ronnie Drew

text: In September 2006, Drew was reported to be in ill health after being admitted to St. Vincent's Hospital, Dublin, to undergo tests for suspected cancer. The "Evening Herald" reported that his apparent illness was due to years of heavy drinking. However, according to a fan site dedicated to The Dubliners, it was reported that he was undergoing treatment for throat cancer. Drew had been a teetotaler for a number of years, with an occasional relapse, but he remained a regular smoker.


title: Ronnie Drew

text: He appeared on Ireland's "The Late Late Show" on 15 December 2006 along with Phil Coulter, where he discussed his recent health scares.


title: Ronnie Drew

text: Despite his failing health, he was featured on an album entitled "Pearls"—produced by Niall Austin—with work he did with Jah Wobble.


title: Ronnie Drew

text: His wife of more than 40 years, Deirdre Drew (née McCartan, daughter of Patrick McCartan) died on 7 June 2007 at St Vincent's Hospital, just one day before he was scheduled to return to performing live at the "Legends of Irish Folk" concert, which also featured Johnny McEvoy, Ralph McTell and Finbar Furey.


title: Ronnie Drew

text: On 25 October 2007, Drew—now bald and beardless—appeared on "Ryan Confidential" on RTÉ 1 to give an interview about his role in The Dubliners, his life since leaving the band and being diagnosed with throat cancer. Later in 2007, he again appeared on "The Late Late Show", where he spoke some more about the death of his wife and his ongoing treatment for cancer.


title: Ronnie Drew

text: Drew died in St. Vincent's Hospital, Dublin on 16 August 2008, following his long illness. He was buried three days later in Redford Cemetery in Greystones.


title: Ronnie Drew

text: On 19 February 2008, a song was released called "The Ballad of Ronnie Drew" performed by a number of famous Irish musicians or musicians living in Ireland. This included members of The Dubliners, U2, Sinéad O'Connor, Christy Dignam of Aslan, Robert Hunter of the Grateful Dead, Kíla, Christy Moore, Andrea Corr, Moya Brennan, Shane MacGowan, Liam Ó Maonlaí, Bob Geldof, Damien Dempsey, Gavin Friday, Iona Green, Jerry Fish, Paul Brady, Paddy Casey, Mick Pyro, Mundy, Chris de Burgh, Ronan Keating, Jack L, Eleanor Shanley, Mary Black, Declan O'Rourke, Mary Coughlan, and Joe Elliott of Def Leppard and The Chieftains.


title: Ronnie Drew

text: Originally, the song had been written to include Drew himself but was changed into a tribute to him as his health was declining. Proceeds from sale of the single went to the Irish Cancer Society, at Drew's request. The song was also performed live on "The Late Late Show" on 22 February with Drew in attendance as an audience member, and entered the Irish Singles Charts at No. 2.


title: Ronnie Drew

text: Also in 2008, RTÉ broadcast a documentary on Drew in May – as part of its "Arts Lives" series. Called "September Song", it featured Drew's recollections of growing up in his grandmother's house in Dún Laoghaire, the foundation of The Dubliners in O'Donoghue's pub on Merrion Row, the days spent touring the world, the loss of his wife, and his own battle with cancer. Interviewed in "September Song" are his son Phelim, his daughter Cliodhna, plus friends and fans such as Bono, Billy Connolly and Damien Dempsey.


title: Ronnie Drew

text: "September Song" was produced by Oscar-nominated producer Noel Pearson and directed by Sinead O'Brien. The name of the documentary comes from Drew's recording of "September Song"—the Kurt Weill and Maxwell Anderson song made popular through recordings by a number of artists, including Frank Sinatra—which features on his 2006 solo album, "There's Life in the Old Dog Yet".


title: Ronnie Drew

text: Andy Irvine mentioned Drew in the song "O'Donoghue's" he recorded with his band Mozaik on the album "Changing Trains", and again on the live album "Andy Irvine/70th Birthday Concert at Vicar St 2012".


title: Ronnie Drew

text: The Tossers, a Chicago-based celtic punk band, dedicated their album "On a Fine Spring Evening" to his memory. Their song "St. Stephen's Day" includes the line "I could go on up to Wicklow and throw a rose on Ronnie's grave".


title: Ronnie Drew

text: Flogging Molly lead singer David King listed Drew as one of the greatest losses of a musician, in recent years, calling him "A REAL folk singer." at a show in Moscow, Idaho.


title: Ronnie Drew

text: Gaelic Storm named Drew on the song "I Was Raised on Black and Tans" from their 2010 album "Cabbage". "I was raised on black and tans...on Ronnie Drew and Van the Man" is a line from the song.


title: Ronnie Drew

text: Dropkick Murphys, a Celtic punk band from Boston, Massachusetts, dedicated the song "(F)lannigan's Ball" to Drew during their set at the Reading Festival in 2008. The Pogues' Spider Stacy joined the band for this song. Stacy and Drew were featured as guest vocalists on the studio recording of the song, one of the last Drew recorded before his death.


title: Ronnie Drew

text: Australian-Irish Folk Punk band The Rumjacks from Australia name-checks Drew in their hit song "An Irish Pub Song" about the ailing quality of some Irish pubs. "It's over to me, and over to you! We'll skip along the avenue, and who the hell is Ronnie Drew? We got us an Irish pub!"


title: Ronnie Drew

text: In the final months before his death, Drew recorded a number of songs in a traditional jazz style. A number of stars from the music world, including Mary Coughlan and Damien Dempsey, joined him in duets on the album. It was produced by Hugh Buckley and released in November 2008 by Celtic Collections.


title: Ronnie Drew

text: Irish President Mary McAleese said Drew had brought great pleasure to people at home and abroad and had re-energised and refreshened Ireland's unique musical heritage; the Taoiseach Brian Cowen also described him as "iconic".


title: Civil War (upcoming film)

text: It was announced in January 2022 that Alex Garland would write and direct the film for A24, with Kirsten Dunst, Wagner Moura, Stephen McKinley Henderson and Cailee Spaeny cast to star. Karl Glusman would be announced as part of the cast in April. In a May interview with "The Daily Telegraph", Garland described the film as a companion piece to "Men", and stated it is "set at an indeterminate point in the future – just far enough ahead for me to add a conceit" – and serves as a sci-fi allegory for our currently polarised predicament". In the same interview, Sonoya Mizuno was revealed as part of the cast.


title: Murder of Jean McConville

text: Jean McConville ("née" Murray; 7 May 1934 – December 1972) was a woman from Belfast, Northern Ireland, who was kidnapped and murdered by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) and secretly buried in County Louth in the Republic of Ireland in 1972 after being accused by the IRA of passing information to British forces.


title: Murder of Jean McConville

text: In 1999, the IRA acknowledged that it had killed McConville and eight others of the "Disappeared". It claimed she had been passing information about republicans to the British Army in exchange for money and that a transmitter had been found in her flat. A report by the Police Ombudsman found no evidence for this or other rumours.


title: Murder of Jean McConville

text: Before the Troubles, the IRA had a policy of killing informers within its own ranks. From the start of the conflict the term informer was also used for civilians who were suspected of providing information on paramilitary organisations to the security forces. Other Irish republican and loyalist paramilitaries also carried out such killings. As she was a widowed mother of ten, the McConville killing was particularly controversial. Her body was not found until 2003, and the crime has not been solved. The Police Ombudsman found that the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) did not begin to investigate the disappearance properly until 1995.


title: Murder of Jean McConville

text: Jean Murray was born on 7 May 1934 to a Protestant family in East Belfast but converted after marrying Arthur McConville, a Catholic former British Army soldier, with whom she had ten children. After being intimidated out of a Protestant district by loyalists in 1969, the McConville family moved to West Belfast's Divis Flats in the Lower Falls Road. Arthur died from cancer in January 1972.


title: Murder of Jean McConville

text: At the time of her death, Jean McConville lived at 1A St Jude's Walk, which was part of the Divis Flats complex. This was an IRA stronghold, from which attacks were regularly launched against the British Army and Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC). Since the death of her husband, she had been raising their ten children, who were aged between six and twenty. Their son Robbie was a member of the Official IRA and was interned in Long Kesh at the time of her death. He defected to the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) in 1974.


title: Murder of Jean McConville

text: In the months leading up to her death, tension and suspicion grew between McConville and her neighbours. One night shortly before her disappearance, she was allegedly attacked after leaving a bingo hall and warned to stop giving information to the British Army. According to police records, on 29 November 1972 a British Army unit found a distressed woman wandering in the street. She told them her name was McConville and that she had been attacked and warned to stop informing. One of McConville's children claimed she was kidnapped the night after this incident, but others gave the date of the kidnapping as 7 December.


title: Murder of Jean McConville

text: On the night of her disappearance, four young women took McConville from her home at gunpoint, and she was driven to an unknown location. Dolours Price claimed that she was one of those involved in driving her across the border. McConville was killed by a gunshot to the back of the head; there was no evidence of any other injuries to her body.


title: Murder of Jean McConville

text: Her body was secretly buried across the border on Shelling Hill Beach (also known as Templetown Beach) at the south-eastern tip of the Cooley Peninsula in the north of County Louth, about 50 miles from her home. The place of her death is uncertain.


title: Murder of Jean McConville

text: Although no group admitted responsibility for her disappearance, there were rumours that the IRA had killed her for being an informer. Another rumour is that she was killed because neighbours claimed they saw her helping a badly wounded British soldier outside her home; McConville's children say they recall her helping a wounded British soldier some time before their father died in January 1972. In a 2014 interview published in the "Sunday Life", former Irish republican Evelyn Gilroy claimed the person who had tended to the soldier was her [Gilroy's] sister.


title: Murder of Jean McConville

text: The IRA did not admit involvement until after the signing of the Good Friday Agreement. It claimed she was killed because she was passing information about republicans to the British Army. Former IRA member Brendan Hughes claimed the IRA had searched her flat some time before her death and found a radio transmitter, which they confiscated. He and other former republicans interrogated her and claimed she admitted the British Army was paying her for information about republicans. Hughes claims that, because of her circumstances, they let her go with a warning. However, he claims when the IRA found she had resumed working for the British Army, it decided to "execute" her.


title: Murder of Jean McConville

text: Usually the bodies of informers were left in public as a warning, but the IRA secretly buried McConville, apparently because she was a widowed mother of ten. The IRA had first done this two months earlier, when it killed and buried two IRA members who were alleged to be working undercover for the British Military Reaction Force (MRF).


title: Murder of Jean McConville

text: After her disappearance, McConville's seven youngest children, including six-year-old twins, survived on their own in the flat, cared for by their 15-year-old sister Helen. According to them, the hungry family was visited three weeks later by a stranger, who gave them McConville's purse, with 52 pence and her three rings in it.


title: Murder of Jean McConville

text: On 16 January 1973, the story of the abduction appeared on the front page of the "Belfast Telegraph", under the headline "Snatched mother missing a month". The following day, the children were interviewed on the BBC television programme "Scene Around Six". The children reported to the social services, and were immediately brought into local council care. The family was split up by social services. Among the consequences of the killing, McConville's orphaned son Billy was sent to De La Salle Brothers


title: Murder of Jean McConville

text: Boys' Home, Rubane House, Kircubbin, County Down, notorious for child abuse; he testified in 2014 to the Northern Ireland Historical Institutional Abuse Inquiry, describing repeated sexual and physical abuse, and starvation, saying "Christians looking after young boys – maybe they were Christians, but to me they were devils disguised in that uniform."


title: Murder of Jean McConville

text: Within two days of her kidnapping, one of her sons reported the incident to the RUC and the British Army. However, the Police Ombudsman did not find any trace of an investigation into the kidnapping during the 1970s or 1980s. An officer told the Ombudsman that CID investigations in that area of Belfast at that time were "restricted to the most serious cases". On 2 January 1973, the RUC received two pieces of information stating: "it is rumoured that Jean McConville had been abducted by the [IRA] because she is an informer".


title: Murder of Jean McConville

text: In March 1973, information was received from the British Army, saying the kidnapping was an elaborate hoax and that McConville had left of her own free will. As a result, the RUC refused to accept that McConville was missing, preferring to believe an anonymous tip that she had absconded with a British soldier. The first investigation into her kidnapping appears to have taken place in 1995, when a team of RUC detectives was established to review the cases of all those who were thought to have been kidnapped during the conflict.


title: Murder of Jean McConville

text: In 1999, the IRA gave information on the whereabouts of her body. This prompted a prolonged search, co-ordinated by the Garda Síochána, the Republic of Ireland's police force, but no body was found. On the night of 26 August 2003, a storm washed away part of the embankment supporting the west side of Shelling Hill Beach car park, near the site of previous searches. This exposed the body. On 27 August, it was found by passersby while they were walking on Shelling Hill Beach (also known as Templetown Beach) in County Louth, at the south-eastern tip of the Cooley Peninsula. McConville was subsequently reburied beside her husband Arthur in Holy Trinity Graveyard in Lisburn.


title: Murder of Jean McConville

text: In 2006 the Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland, Nuala O'Loan, published a report about the police's investigation of the murder. It concluded that the RUC did not investigate the murder until 1995, when it carried out a minor investigation. It found no evidence that she had been an informer, but recommended the British Government go against its long-standing policy regarding informers and reveal whether she was one. Journalist Ed Moloney called for the British Government to release war diaries relating to the Divis Flats area at the time. War diaries are usually released under the thirty-year rule, but those relating to Divis at the time of McConville's death are embargoed for almost ninety years.


title: Murder of Jean McConville

text: The police have since apologised for its failure to investigate her abduction. In January 2005, Sinn Féin party chairman Mitchel McLaughlin claimed that the killing of McConville was not a crime, saying that she had been executed as a spy in a war situation. This prompted Irish journalist Fintan O'Toole to write a rebuttal, arguing that the abduction and extrajudicial killing of McConville was clearly a "war crime by all accepted national and international standards". The IRA has since issued a general apology, saying it "regrets the suffering of all the families whose loved ones were killed and buried by the IRA".


title: Murder of Jean McConville

text: In August 2006, the Chief Constable of the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI), Sir Hugh Orde, stated that he was not hopeful anyone would be brought to justice over the murder, saying "[in] any case of that age, it is highly unlikely that a successful prosecution could be mounted."


title: Murder of Jean McConville

text: Boston College had launched an oral history project on the Troubles in 2001. It recorded interviews with republicans and loyalists about their involvement in the conflict, on the understanding that the tapes would not be released until after their deaths. Two of the republican interviewees, Brendan Hughes and Dolours Price, both now deceased, admitted they were involved in McConville's kidnapping. Both became diehard opponents of the Good Friday Agreement and Sinn Féin's support of it. They saw Sinn Féin president Gerry Adams as a traitor for negotiating the agreement and persuading the IRA to end its campaign.


title: Murder of Jean McConville

text: In 2010, after Hughes's death, some of his statements were published in the book "Voices from the Grave". He claimed McConville had admitted being an informer, and that Adams ordered her disappearance. In a 2010 newspaper interview, Price also claimed Adams ordered her to participate in McConville's kidnapping. Price, who died in 2013, said she gave the interviews as revenge against Adams. Former republican prisoner Evelyn Gilroy, who lived near McConville, claimed Adams was an IRA commander and the only person who could have ordered the killing.


title: Murder of Jean McConville

text: Adams has denied any role in the death of McConville. He said "the killing of Jean McConville and the secret burial of her body was wrong and a grievous injustice to her and her family".


title: Murder of Jean McConville

text: In 2011, the PSNI began a legal bid to gain access to the tapes. Acting on a request from the PSNI, the United States Justice Department tried to force Boston College to hand them over. Boston College had promised those interviewed that the tapes would not be released until after their deaths, and other interviewees said they feared retribution if the tapes were released. Following a lengthy court battle, the PSNI was given transcripts of interviews by Hughes and Price.


title: Murder of Jean McConville

text: In March and April 2014, the PSNI arrested a number of people over the kidnapping and killing of Jean McConville. Ivor Bell, former IRA Chief of Staff, was arrested in March 2014. Shortly afterwards, he was charged with aiding and abetting in her murder. In April, the PSNI arrested three people who were teenagers at the time of the kidnapping: a 56-year-old man and two women, aged 57 and 60. All were released without charge.


title: Murder of Jean McConville

text: Following Bell's arrest in March, there was media speculation that police would want to question Gerry Adams due to the claims made by Hughes and Price. Adams maintained he was not involved, but had his solicitor contact the PSNI to find whether they wanted to question him. On 30 April, after being contacted by the PSNI, Adams voluntarily arranged to be interviewed at Antrim PSNI Station. He was arrested and questioned for four days before being released without charge. A file was sent to the Public Prosecution Service (PPS) to decide whether further action should be taken, but there was "insufficient evidence" to charge him.


title: Murder of Jean McConville

text: The arrest took place during an election campaign. Sinn Féin claimed that the timing of the arrest was politically motivated; an attempt to harm the party's chances in the upcoming elections. Alex Maskey said it was evidence of a "political agenda [...] a negative agenda" by elements of the PSNI.


title: Murder of Jean McConville

text: Jean McConville's family had campaigned for the arrest of Adams over the murder. Her son Michael said: "Me and the rest of my brothers and sisters are just glad to see the PSNI doing their job. We didn't think it would ever take place [Mr Adams' arrest], but we are quite glad that it is taking place." In a later interview on the "Today" programme on BBC Radio 4, he stated that he knew the names of those who had abducted and killed his mother, but that: "I wouldn't tell the police [PSNI]. If I told the police now a thing, me or one of my family members or one of my children would get shot by those [IRA] people. It's terrible that we know those people and we can't bring them to justice."


title: Murder of Jean McConville

text: Patrick Radden Keefe's 2018 book "Say Nothing: A True Story of Murder and Memory in Northern Ireland" focuses on the history of the Troubles starting from McConville's death. According to Keefe, Dolours Price told Ed Moloney and Anthony McIntyre that three IRA volunteers were present at McConville's killing: former Unknowns commander Pat McClure, Price and a third volunteer whom Price alleged fired the fatal shot. However, Moloney and McIntyre refused to tell Keefe who this person was, as the volunteer was still alive at the time. Nevertheless, Keefe claimed to have identified the IRA volunteer who pulled the trigger as Dolours's sister, Marian.


title: Automotive industry in Pakistan

text: The automotive industry in Pakistan is one of the fastest-growing industries in the country, growing by 171% between just 2014 and 2018. It accounts for 4% of Pakistan's GDP and employed a workforce of over 3.5 million people as of 2018.[1] Pakistan is the 35th largest producer of automobiles.[2] Its contribution to the national exchequer is nearly Rs. 50 billion (US$220 million). Pakistan's auto market is among the smallest, but fastest-growing, in Asia. 269,792 cars were sold in the year 2018 but declined to 186,716 in 2019 as a result of austerity measures.[3] Pakistan used to have a lot of Japanese cars in the 1990s and early 2000s. With the launch of the first Auto Policy in 2005, [4] Pakistan launched its very first indigenous car, Adam Revo, but after the 2008 elections the dollar started depreciating and due to bad governance a lot of automakers started to halt production, and some even exited Pakistan. At present, the auto market is dominated by Honda, Toyota, and Suzuki. However, on 19 March 2016, Pakistan passed a second "Auto Policy 2016-21", which offers tax incentives to new automakers to establish manufacturing plants in the country.[5][6] In response, Renault, Nissan, Proton Holdings, Kia, SsangYong, Volkswagen,[7] FAW,[8] and Hyundai[9] have expressed interest in entering the Pakistani market.[10][11] MG JW Automobile Pakistan has signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Morris Garages (MG) Motor UK Limited, owned by SAIC Motor, to bring electric vehicles to Pakistan.[12][13][14][15][16] NLC signed an agreement with Mercedes Benz for the manufacturing of Mercedes Actros trucks in Pakistan. Pakistan has not enforced any automotive safety standards or model upgrade policies. A few old models of vehicles, including the Bolan and Ravi, continue to be sold by Suzuki.[17] On 8 July 2021, Jolta Electric launched the production of electric motorcycles.[18]


title: Automotive industry in Pakistan

text: On December 26, 2021, the Government of Pakistan announced a five-year policy between 2021 and 2026 to raise the production capacity of automobiles in Pakistan. On 20 October, the Pakistani envoy to China said during the meeting with 50 Chinese automotive brands, that Pakistan will increase its automobile production to 6-8 million units in the next five years. Pakistan is building special economic zones where Chinese companies are setting up their businesses. In that meeting, 10 Chinese and Nasal automotive companies got ready to invest in Pakistan.


title: Automotive industry in Pakistan

text: Pakistan produced its first vehicle in 1953 at the National Motors plant in Karachi. The plant was opened in conjunction with General Motors who arranged the facilities for the production of Vauxhall cars and Bedford trucks. Later, buses, light trucks, and cars were assembled at the same plant. In the same year, Ford trucks partnered with Ali Automobiles where they introduced the Ford Anglia, Ford pickups, and the Ford Kombi. Exide Pakistan also began the production of car batteries in 1953. Haroon Industries partnered with Dodge Motors in 1956.


title: Automotive industry in Pakistan

text: In 1961, Allwin Engineering introduced precision auto parts to the Pakistani auto market. In 1962, Lambretta partnered with Wazir Ali Engineering to begin production of the Lambretta TV200 scooter while Kandawala Industries introduced the CJ 5, CJ 6, and CJ 7 series Jeep. In 1963, General Tyre Pakistan began production in Karachi while Hye Sons began production of Mack Trucks. In 1964, Rana Tractors began producing Massey Ferguson Tractors while the famous Vespa scooter and rickshaw were introduced by Raja Auto Cars. In 1965, Jaffer Industries and Mannoo Motors began operations.


title: Automotive industry in Pakistan

text: The 1970s saw the nationalization of many companies. In 1972, the Pakistan Automobile Corporation (PACO) was formed. Many companies were bought out or merged into others. Wazir Ali Engineering was renamed to Sindh Engineering, Ali Autos to Awami Autos, Haroon Industries to Republic Motors, Ghandara Motors to National Motors, Hye Sons to Mack Trucks, Kandawala Industries to Naya Daur Motors, Jaffer Industries to Trailer Development Corporation, and Rana Tractors to Millat Tractors. Dawood Yamaha introduced Yamaha motorcycles in 1974 and in the same year Beta Engineering started producing diesel engines. In 1976, Suzuki Motor Cycles was launched by Sindh Engineering. Saif Nadeem Kawasaki launched Kawasaki motorcycles in 1977 while Suzuki Jeep was manufactured by Naya Daur Motors.


title: Automotive industry in Pakistan

text: In 1980, Awami Motors began manufactured Suzuki pickups while Sindh Engineering began producing Mazda Trucks. In 1981, Agriauto Industries introduced the production of local auto parts while in 1982, Pak Suzuki began production of vehicles. In 1983, the Vendor Development & Technical Cell or VDTC was formed along with Al-Ghazi Tractors which was introduced by Fiat. In 1986, Hinopak Motors began as a joint venture between PACO, Al-Futtaim Group, Hino Motors, & TTC. In 1987, Ghandhara Nissan began production of Nissan Diesel Trucks. In 1989, the Pakistan Association of Auto Parts & Accessories Manufacturers began operations.


title: Automotive industry in Pakistan

text: The industry was highly regulated until the early 1990s. Following deregulation, the decade witnessed a huge boom in auto production, as nationalization was abandoned in favor of privatization. Japan acquired 40% of the shares of Pak Suzuki in 1991. In 1993, the Indus Motors Company began production of Toyota Corollas. In 1994, the Pakistan Automotive Manufacturers Association was formed, and Honda Atlas introduced manufacturing of the Honda Civic. In 1995, the Engineering Development Board inaugurated the PAP show.


title: Automotive industry in Pakistan

text: From 2001 to 2007, small assemblers and many bike importers started assembling replicas of the Honda CD70 with Chinese collaboration and established the Association of Pakistan Motorcycle Assemblers (APMA). Mr. Muhammad Sabir Shaikh, who started Chinese-based replicas, was the First Chairman of the APMA in 2002. After 2003, annual production of motorcycles increased at record rates, reaching a peak of 195,688 sales in 2007 and in 2015, production crossed 2.5 million units annually. During this period, Afzal Motors began local assembly of Daewoo buses and trucks under license from Daewoo Bus, South Korea and Tata Daewoo thanks to rising car financing up to 70–80% by banks and low interest rates coupled with rising rural purchases. From 2007 to 2009, the auto sector witnessed reduced sales amid high interest rates and yen appreciation against the rupee. In 2007, the automotive industry made up 2.8% of Pakistan's GDP and contributed 16% to the manufacturing sector. The 2000s also saw the introduction of dual fuel options to run both on petrol and CNG, which is more affordable and cheaper than petrol in the country.


title: Automotive industry in Pakistan

text: In 2010, auto sales rebounded and began increasing again. The auto industry predicted a growing demand in Pakistan and invested over during this decade. Motorcycle production hit a record level in 2016–17, with 2.5 million units made. In 2015, the Auto Policy 2016-21 was introduced to help lure new automakers, which has traditionally been dominated by Honda, Toyota, and Suzuki. The auto industry remains the second-largest payer of indirect taxes after the petroleum industry in Pakistan. At present, there are 10 cars for every 1,000 people in Pakistan. This is one of the lowest ratios among emerging economies, which itself speaks of high potential for growth. Rising per capita income with changing demographic distribution and an anticipated influx of 30 to 40 million young people in the economically-active workforce in the next decade will provide a stimulus to the industry to expand and grow, alongside the drastic increase in the middle class. Toyota started local assembly of its sedan, Corolla. Similarly, United Motors started a locally-made car. Ghandhara Nissan started the production of the Isuzu D-max in Pakistan.


title: Automotive industry in Pakistan

text: Few mainstream brands have official representation in Pakistan but some brands that do not have official representation can be imported through exotic car dealers located in Pakistan & the Middle East region. Some of these notable brands are mentioned below:


title: Written language

text: A written language is the representation of a spoken or gestural language by means of a writing system. Written language is an invention in that it must be taught to children, who will pick up spoken language or sign language by exposure even if they are not formally instructed. Written languages can be formed by an alphabet, or using other writing systems to give words and graphical counterpart.


title: Written language

text: The first writing can be dated back to the Neolithic era, with clay tablets being used to keep track of livestock and commodities. However, the first example of written language can be dated to Uruk, at the end of the 4th millennium BCE. An ancient Mesopotamian poem tells a tale about the invention of writing."Because the messenger's mouth was heavy and he couldn't repeat, the Lord of Kulaba patted some clay and put words on it, like a tablet. Until then, there had been no putting words on clay."


title: Written language

text: —"Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta," circa 1800 BCE.Scholars mark the difference between prehistory and history with the invention of the first written language. However, that leaves the argument of what is and isn't a written language. An argument over the transition of history to pre-history being whether a piece of writing in proto-writing, or genuine writing, making the matter largely subjective. Leaving the line in a gray-area. A general consensus is that writing is a method of recording information, composed of graphemes, which also may be glyphs, and it should represent some form of spoken language as well, falling hand in hand with containing information. Allowing numbers to be counted as writing as well.


title: Written language

text: Many thought writing originated in one civilization, the theory being called, "monogenesis." Scholars believing that all writing originated in ancient Mesopotamia, specifically in ancient Sumer, and then spread throughout the world from there.


title: Written language

text: Written languages change more slowly than corresponding spoken languages. When at least one register of a language is strongly divergent from spoken language, the resulting situation is called diglossia. However, that is still often considered one language between literary language and other registers, especially if the writing system reflects its pronunciation.


title: Written language

text: Native readers and writers of English are often unaware that the complexities of English spelling make written English a somewhat artificial construct. The traditional spelling of English, at least for inherited words, preserves a late Middle English phonology that is never used as a speech dialect. The artificial preservation of that form of the language, in writing, might make much of what is now written intelligible to Geoffrey Chaucer (1343–1400) even if the medieval writer's speech could no longer be understood.


title: Tavis Smiley

text: Tavis Smiley (; born September 13, 1964) is an American talk show host and author. Smiley was born in Gulfport, Mississippi, and grew up in Bunker Hill, Indiana. After attending Indiana University, he worked during the late 1980s as an aide to Tom Bradley, the mayor of Los Angeles.


title: Tavis Smiley

text: Smiley became a radio commentator in 1991 and, starting in 1996, he hosted the talk show "BET Talk" (later renamed "BET Tonight") on Black Entertainment Television (BET). After Smiley sold an exclusive interview of Sara Jane Olson to ABC News in 2001, BET declined to renew his contract that year. Smiley then began hosting "The Tavis Smiley Show" on National Public Radio (NPR) (2002–04) and hosted "Tavis Smiley" on the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) on weekdays and "The Tavis Smiley Show" on Public Radio International (PRI) from 2004 until 2017.


title: Tavis Smiley

text: Smiley's career suffered repercussions after he was suspended and later fired from PBS after an investigation during the Me Too movement found that he was guilty of widespread sexual misconduct and sexual harassment. He sued PBS for wrongful termination and lost the court case after the jury found he violated the company's moral clause. The judge ordered Smiley pay PBS $2.6 million in damages.


title: Tavis Smiley

text: Tavis Smiley was born in Gulfport, Mississippi, the son of Joyce Marie Roberts, a single woman who first became pregnant at age 18. On September 13, 1966, his second birthday, his mother married Emory Garnell Smiley, a non-commissioned officer in the U.S. Air Force. A few years later Tavis learned the identity of his biological father, whom he identifies in his autobiography, "What I Know For Sure: My Story of Growing Up in America", only as "T".


title: Tavis Smiley

text: Smiley's family soon moved to Indiana when his stepfather was transferred to Grissom Air Force Base near Peru, Indiana. On arriving in Indiana, the Smiley family took up residence in a three-bedroom mobile home in the small town of Bunker Hill, Indiana. The Smileys had three more children and added four more after the murder of Joyce's sister. Initially, four of her five children were cared for by their grandmother (known as "Big Mama"), but ill health impaired her ability, and Joyce and Emory took them in. The trailer home sheltered thirteen, including Tavis and his seven brothers and two sisters and the three adults.


title: Tavis Smiley

text: Smiley's mother was a very religious person, and the family attended the local New Bethel Tabernacle Church, part of the Pentecostal Assemblies of the World. The Smiley children were forbidden from listening to secular music at home or going to the movie theater, and could watch only television shows their parents felt were family-friendly.


title: Tavis Smiley

text: When he was in seventh grade, New Bethel pastor Elder Rufus Mills accused Smiley and his siblings of "running wild, disobeying their teacher, disrespecting their teacher, disrespecting the sanctity of this building, and mocking the holy message being taught" during Sunday School. According to Smiley's account of the incident, his Sunday School teacher became confused as she was answering questions about the Book of John, and other students "responded by giggling and acting a little unruly," although he and his sister Phyllis "remained quiet". Garnell whipped Tavis and Phyllis with an extension cord, wounding the two children. The next day at school, administrators found out about the children's injuries. The local newspaper in Kokomo, Indiana, reported on the beating and the legal proceedings against Garnell; Tavis and Phyllis were sent to foster care temporarily. Garnell told his children that the judge decided that he had "overreacted" and found he and Joyce were "concerned parents who were completely involved in [our] children's lives and well-being".


title: Tavis Smiley

text: Smiley became interested in politics at age 13 after attending a fundraiser for U.S. Senator Birch Bayh. At Maconaquah High School in Bunker Hill, Indiana, a school that Smiley described as "98 percent white," he was active in the student council and the debate team, even though his parents were "skeptical of all non-church extracurricular activities".


title: Tavis Smiley

text: In 1982 Smiley enrolled at Indiana University Bloomington (IU). Because his parents refused to complete financial aid papers, Smiley entered the university with only $50 and a small suitcase. Administrators let Smiley complete the paperwork to become a full-time student. The summer after his first year, Smiley worked, attended summer classes, and lived off campus with Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball players, then being coached by Bob Knight. Smiley was accepted into the Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity during his second year, and became business manager of his dormitory, a member of the student senate, and director of minority affairs. After his friend Denver Smith was killed by Indiana police officers who claimed to have acted in self-defense, Smiley helped lead protests to defend Smith, who he believed had been wrongfully killed. Those protests led him to a work-study internship at the office of Bloomington Mayor Tomilea Allison, where he was paid $5 an hour. Smiley wrote letters to local residents, researched for Mayor Allison, and helped write position papers on local issues. In his autobiography, Smiley says that a deputy mayor caught him systematically adding extra hours to his time sheets, illegal behavior that could have seen him charged with a felony and expelled from college, but instead of pressing charges, Mayor Allison allowed him to work all of the hours for which he had already been paid, and did not tell other people what he had done.


title: Tavis Smiley

text: During the first semester of his junior year, Smiley was under academic probation; he blamed his extracurricular activities for interfering with his studies. When Smiley visited Los Angeles to attend a national student leaders' convention, the cousin of his roommate introduced Smiley to football star Jim Brown. Brown introduced Smiley to fellow football player George Hughley, who worked for Los Angeles mayor Tom Bradley and connected Smiley to Mayor Bradley's staff. Every week after meeting Bradley's staff, Smiley wrote a letter to the mayor's office asking for an internship, and once flew to Los Angeles to appeal. However, by summer he received a letter from the city stating that all internship positions were filled. Smiley then handwrote a letter to the mayor that he said represented his feeling "from the heart," and Bradley called Smiley to say that he had a position available for him. Although it counted for college credit, the internship was unpaid, so the Bloomington Community Progress Council funded Smiley with $5,000 for living expenses in Los Angeles, and Brown allowed Smiley to live as a houseguest in September 1985. Starting the following month, Smiley lived in the Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity house at the University of Southern California. At City Hall, Smiley worked at the Office of Youth Development on the 22nd floor.


title: Tavis Smiley

text: Smiley twice considered quitting college, first during his junior year, and then after finishing his internship with Mayor Bradley. Bradley persuaded Smiley to return to college. He took the LSAT twice because, he thought he "didn't do great the first time," and he "did a little better" the second time; he intended to apply to Harvard Law School. Instead, Smiley did not graduate from college at all, because he failed a required course in his senior year, and "did poorly in several other courses," which meant he could not complete his degree on time; rather than stay for an extra term, he chose to leave IU and move to Los Angeles, where he had been promised a job. Following a hiring freeze by the government of Los Angeles, Smiley served as an aide to Mayor Bradley until 1990. A 1988 article in the "Los Angeles Times" identified Smiley as "a Bradley administrative assistant who works in South Los Angeles". In 2003, Smiley officially received his degree from Indiana University in public affairs.


title: Tavis Smiley

text: Campaigning for a seat on the Los Angeles City Council in 1991 against incumbent Ruth Galanter, Smiley finished fourth among 15 candidates. He became a radio commentator, broadcasting one-minute daily radio segments called "The Smiley Report" on KGFJ radio. With Ruben Navarrette Jr., Smiley co-hosted a local talk show in Los Angeles where his strongly held views on race and politics, combined with his arguments regarding the impact of institutional racism and substandard educational and economic opportunities for inner-city black youth, earned him attention at the "Los Angeles Times". His commentaries focused on local and national current-affairs issues affecting the African-American community. For six months, Smiley worked on a community news program on a local cable network, and spent six more months working on television in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.


title: Tavis Smiley

text: From 2010 to 2013, Smiley and Cornel West worked together to host their own radio talk show, "Smiley & West". They were featured together interviewing musician Bill Withers in the 2009 documentary film "Still Bill". He was the new host of "Tavis Talks" on BlogTalkRadio's Tavis Smiley Network.


title: Tavis Smiley

text: In 1996 Smiley became a frequent commentator to the "Tom Joyner Morning Show", a nationally syndicated radio show broadcast on black and urban stations in the United States. He developed a friendship with host Joyner.


title: Tavis Smiley

text: Also in 1996 Smiley began hosting and executive producing "BET Tonight" (originally "BET Talk" when it first premiered), a public affairs discussion show on the Black Entertainment Television (BET) network. He interviewed major political figures and celebrities, and discussed topics ranging from racial profiling and police brutality to R&B music and Hollywood gossip.


title: Tavis Smiley

text: Smiley hosted "BET Tonight" until 2001 when, in a controversial move, the network announced that Smiley's contract would not be renewed. This sparked an angry response from Smiley, who sought to rally his radio audience to protest BET's decision. Robert L. Johnson, founder of BET, defended the decision, stating that Smiley had been fired because he had sold an exclusive interview to ABC News without first offering the story to BET, even though Smiley's contract with BET did not require him to do so. Smiley countered with the assertion that he had offered the story—an interview with Sara Jane Olson, an alleged former member of the Symbionese Liberation Army—to CBS, which, along with BET, was owned by Viacom. Smiley ultimately sold the interview to rival network ABC, he said, only after CBS passed on the interview, and suggested that his firing was payback for the publicity he gained as a result of providing an exclusive interview to ABC. Ultimately, BET and Viacom did not reverse their decision to terminate Smiley's contract.


title: Tavis Smiley

text: Smiley was then offered a chance to host a radio talk show on National Public Radio. He served as host of "The Tavis Smiley Show" on NPR until December 2004.


title: Tavis Smiley

text: It was announced in 2004 that he would be leaving his show, citing the network's inability to reach a more diverse audience. Smiley launched a weekly version of his radio program "The Tavis Smiley Show" on April 29, 2005, distributed by NPR rival Public Radio International (PRI), until terminated by PRI on January 1, 2018, due to "troubling allegations". On October 1, 2010, Tavis Smiley turned the second hour of his PRI program into "Smiley & West" co-hosted by his longtime collaborator Dr. Cornel West, which lasted until December 2013.


title: Tavis Smiley

text: Smiley also hosted "Tavis Smiley", a late night talk show televised on the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) network and produced in association with WNET in New York.


title: Tavis Smiley

text: In March 2006, "The Smiley Group" and Third World Press published "The Covenant with Black America", a collection of essays by black scholars and professionals edited by Smiley. The book covers topics ranging from education to healthcare, and was a "New York Times" Bestseller.


title: Tavis Smiley

text: Smiley moderated two live presidential candidate forums in 2007: a Democratic forum on June 28 at Howard University in Washington, D.C., and a Republican forum on September 27 at Morgan State University in Baltimore.


title: Tavis Smiley

text: On September 4, 2014, it was announced that Smiley would be competing on the 19th season of "Dancing with the Stars". He paired with professional dancer Sharna Burgess. They were eliminated on the second week of competition and finished in 12th place.


title: Tavis Smiley

text: In 2017, during the Me Too movement, Smiley was accused of sexual harassment against his female employees. PBS launched an internal investigation which concluded that Smiley had engaged in widespread acts of sexual misconduct, including "creating a verbally abusive and threatening environment" as well as engaging in "sexual relationships with multiple subordinates". Smiley was suspended indefinitely following the investigation. Smiley denied the allegations and sued PBS citing wrongful termination, however Smiley lost his bid when a jury found that Smiley violated a morality clause within his contract. The judge in the case ordered Smiley pay $2.6 million in damages.


title: Tavis Smiley

text: As of 2022, Smiley hosts a radio show on KBLA 1580AM talk radio from 9am to noon on weekdays, and he is host of the "Tavis Smiley Podcast" in conjunction with KBLA.


title: Tavis Smiley

text: In 2000, they began hosting annual town hall meetings called "The State of the Black Union," which were aired live on the C-SPAN cable television network. Each of these town hall meetings focused on a specific topic affecting the African-American community, featuring a panel of African-American leaders, educators, and professionals, assembled before an audience, to discuss problems related to the forum's topic, as well as potential solutions. Smiley also used his commentator status on Joyner's radio show to launch several advocacy campaigns to highlight discriminatory practices in the media and government, and to rally support for causes such as the awarding of a Congressional Gold Medal to civil rights icon Rosa Parks. Smiley also began building a national reputation as a political commentator with numerous appearances on political discussion shows on MSNBC, ABC, and CNN. Smiley has appeared on the "Democracy Now!" podcast. and "Real Time with Bill Maher".


title: Tavis Smiley

text: In 2005, Tavis Smiley donated and raised thousands of dollars for Texas Southern University. The School of Communication was temporarily named after him, before they removed his name after controversy regarding Smiley's failure to fulfill the original financial commitment.


title: Tavis Smiley

text: On April 11, 2008, Tavis Smiley announced that he would resign in June 2008 as a commentator on the "Tom Joyner Morning Show". He cited fatigue and a busy schedule in a personal call to Joyner. However, Joyner, referring to several commentaries in which Smiley was critical of Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama, indicated otherwise on his program, stating: "The real reason is that he can't take the hate he's been getting regarding the Barack issue—hate from the black people that he loves so much." Prior to the public controversy and being elected president, Obama had been on Smiley's PBS show six times.


title: Tavis Smiley

text: In 2012, Smiley participated in a "Poverty Tour" with Princeton University professor Cornel West to promote their book "". The stated aim of the tour was to highlight the plight of the impoverished population of the United States prior to the 2012 presidential election, whose candidates Smiley and West stated had ignored the plight of the poor.


title: Tavis Smiley

text: On December 13, 2017, PBS indefinitely suspended Smiley. PBS issued a statement saying that it had hired a law firm to conduct an investigation "immediately after learning of troubling allegations regarding Mr. Smiley" and that this investigation "uncovered multiple, credible allegations of conduct that is inconsistent with the values and standards of PBS." It was reported by "Variety" that Smiley was let go due to multiple relationships with subordinates, some of whom felt the relationship was connected to their employment. It was also alleged that Smiley created an environment that was "verbally abusive and threatening." Smiley's suspension followed PBS' decision to part ways with Charlie Rose.


title: Tavis Smiley

text: On December 14, Smiley described the PBS investigation as "biased and sloppy" and said he would fight the allegations and the damage to his reputation. He released a statement saying, "I have the utmost respect for women and celebrate the courage of those who have come forth to tell their truth." "To be clear, I have never groped, coerced or exposed myself inappropriately to any workplace colleague in my entire broadcast career, covering six networks over 30 years", he also said.


title: Tavis Smiley

text: Soon after the suspension, Smiley went on a country-wide tour to defend his innocence while also supporting the #MeToo movement and denouncing workplace harassment. In 2018, Smiley sued PBS for wrongful termination while PBS countersued claiming a breach of a morals clause in his contract. On March 4, 2020, a jury in Washington, D.C. agreed with the television network recommending to the judge that Smiley pay PBS $2.6 million. Smiley is reported to be appealing the decision.


title: Tavis Smiley

text: Smiley was honored with the NAACP Image Award for best news, talk, or information series for three consecutive years (1997–99) for his work on "BET Tonight with Tavis Smiley". Smiley's advocacy efforts have earned him numerous awards and recognition including the recipient of the Mickey Leland Humanitarian Award from the National Association of Minorities in Communications. In 1999, he founded the Tavis Smiley Foundation, which funds programs that develop young leaders in the community. Since its inception, more than 6,500 young people have participated in the foundation's Youth to Leaders Training workshops and conferences.


title: Tavis Smiley

text: Smiley was named No. 2 change agent in the field of media behind Oprah Winfrey in "EBONY Magazine"s POWER 150 list.


title: Tavis Smiley

text: In 2014, Smiley received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, honoring his contributions to television.


title: Jesse James (actor)

text: James was born in Palm Springs, California, the son of Jaime, a laboratory technician, and Shane James, an actor.


title: Jesse James (actor)

text: James began his acting career in the 1997 film "As Good as It Gets", a role for which he won the Hollywood Reporter Young Star award. His career continued with his role in the 2001 film "Blow", as the child version of Johnny Depp's character, and "Pearl Harbor", in which he played the young version of Ben Affleck's character. James acted in the 2004 film "The Butterfly Effect" as the young Tommy Miller and "The Amityville Horror". His television work includes "Life" and "In Plain Sight", and he has become involved in the independent film community with projects such as "Exodus Fall" and "Hickory Nation".


title: Prince Octavius of Great Britain

text: Prince Octavius of Great Britain (23 February 17793 May 1783) was the thirteenth child and eighth son of King George III and his queen consort, Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Six months after the death of his younger brother Prince Alfred, Octavius was inoculated against the smallpox virus. Several days later, he became ill. His subsequent death at the age of four devastated his parents, and in particular his father. King George III had been very fond of his two youngest sons, Alfred and Octavius, and his later bouts of madness involved hallucinations of them.


title: Prince Octavius of Great Britain

text: Prince Octavius was born on 23 February 1779, at Buckingham House in London. He was the thirteenth child and eighth son of King George III and his wife, Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. The prince's name derives from Latin , 'eighth', indicating that he was the eighth son of his parents. The House of Lords sent congratulations to the King on his birth.


title: Prince Octavius of Great Britain

text: Octavius was christened on 23 March 1779, in the Great Council Chamber at St James's Palace, by Frederick Cornwallis, the Archbishop of Canterbury. His godparents were the Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (husband of his first cousin twice-removed), for whom the Earl of Hertford, Lord Chamberlain, stood proxy; the Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (his first cousin once-removed), for whom the Earl of Ashburnham, Groom of the Stole, stood proxy; and the Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (wife of his sixth cousin), for whom Alicia Wyndham, Countess of Egremont, Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Charlotte, was proxy.