title: Women's March on Versailles

text: In contrast, Robespierre's impassioned defense of the march raised his public profile considerably. The episode gave him a lasting heroic status among the "poissardes" and burnished his reputation as a patron of the poor. His later rise to become a leading figure in the Revolution was greatly facilitated by his actions during the occupation of the Assembly.


title: Women's March on Versailles

text: Lafayette, though initially acclaimed, found that he had tied himself too closely to the king. As the Revolution progressed, he was hounded into exile by the radical leadership. Maillard returned to Paris with his status as a local hero consolidated. He participated in several later "journées", but in 1794 fell ill and died at the age of thirty-one. For the women of Paris, the march became the source of apotheosis in revolutionary hagiography. The "Mothers of the Nation" were celebrated upon their return, and they would be praised and solicited by successive Parisian governments for years to come.


title: Women's March on Versailles

text: King Louis XVI was officially welcomed to Paris with a respectful ceremony held by mayor Jean Sylvain Bailly. His return was touted as a momentous turning point in the Revolution, by some even as its end. Optimistic observers such as Camille Desmoulins declared that France would now enter a new golden age, with its revived citizenry and popular constitutional monarchy. Others were more wary, such as journalist Jean-Paul Marat, who wrote:


title: Women's March on Versailles

text: It would take almost two full years until the first French Constitution was signed on 3 September 1791, and it required another popular intervention to make it happen. Louis attempted to work within the framework of his limited powers after the women's march but won little support, and he and the royal family remained virtual prisoners in the Tuileries. Desperate, he made his abortive flight to Varennes in June 1791. Attempting to escape and join up with royalist armies, the king was once again captured by a mixture of citizens and national guardsmen who hauled him back to Paris. Permanently disgraced, Louis was forced to accept a constitution that weakened his royal power more than any previously put forward. The spiral of decline in the king's fortunes culminated at the guillotine in 1793.


title: Women's March on Versailles

text: Even while the women were marching, suspicious eyes looked upon Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, already behind the July uprisings, as being somehow responsible for the event. The Duke, a cousin of Louis XVI, was an energetic proponent of constitutional monarchy, and it was an open secret that he felt himself to be uniquely qualified to be king under such a system. Though allegations of his specific actions concerning the October march remain largely unproven, he has long been considered a significant instigator of the events. The Duke was certainly present as a deputy to the Assembly, and he was described by contemporaries as smiling warmly as he walked among the protesters at the height of the siege; many of them are said to have hailed him with greetings like "Here is our king! Long live King Orléans!" Many scholars believe that the Duke paid "agents provocateurs" to fan the discontent in the marketplaces and to conflate the women's march for bread with the drive to bring the king back to Paris. Others suggest he coordinated in some way with Mirabeau, the Assembly's most powerful statesman at the time, to use the marchers to advance the constitutionalist agenda. Still others go so far as to assert that the crowd was guided by such important Orléanist allies as Antoine Barnave, Choderlos de Laclos, and the duc d'Aiguillon, all dressed as "poissardes" in women's clothes. Yet most of the Revolution's foremost histories describe any involvement of the Duke as ancillary to the action, efforts of opportunism that neither created nor defined the October march. The Duke was investigated by the crown for complicity and none was proven. Still, the pall of suspicion helped convince him to take on Louis XVI's offer of a diplomatic mission conveniently outside the country. He returned to France the following summer and resumed his place in the Assembly where both he and Mirabeau were officially exonerated of any misdeeds regarding the march. As the Revolution moved forward into the Terror, the Duke's royal lineage and alleged avarice convicted him in the minds of radical leaders and he was sent to his execution in November 1793.


title: Women's March on Versailles

text: The women's march was a signal event of the French Revolution, with an impact on par with the fall of the Bastille. For posterity, the march is emblematic of the power of popular movements. The occupation of the deputies' benches in the Assembly created a template for the future, ushering in the mob rule that would frequently influence successive Parisian governments. But it was the crudely decisive invasion of the palace itself that was most momentous; the attack removed forever the aura of invincibility that once cloaked the monarchy. It marked the end of the king's resistance to the tide of reform; he made no further open attempts to push back the Revolution. As one historian states, it was "one of those defeats of royalty from which it never recovered".


title: Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? (1985 video game)

text: Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego? is an educational video game released by Broderbund on April 23, 1985. It is the first product in the "Carmen Sandiego" franchise. The game was distributed with "The World Almanac and Book of Facts", published by Pharos Books. An enhanced version of the game was released in 1989, which did not have the almanac-based copy protection and instead used disk-based copy protection. A deluxe version was released in 1992, and featured additional animation and a reworked interface from the original version. Some of the bonus features included digitized photos from "National Geographic", over 3200 clues, music from the Smithsonian/Folkways Recordings, 20 villains, 60 countries, and 16 maps. CD-ROM versions for DOS and Macintosh were released in 1992, and a Windows version was released in 1994.


text: In the game, the player takes the role of a rookie in the fictional ACME Detective Agency, tasked to track down crooks from the V.I.L.E. organization who have stolen famous works from around the world. They do this by using their knowledge of geography (aided by the "Almanac") to question witnesses or investigate clues to track down where the crook has gone. Successfully solving these crimes increases the player's rank in ACME, leading to more difficult cases and later tasked to find the leader of V.I.L.E. and namesake, Carmen Sandiego.


text: The game was initially developed as a menu-driven interface to replace the text-driven interface of adventure games like "Colossal Cave Adventure" for graphic-enabled computers like the Apple II. Along the way, the idea of introducing geography as part of the game and distributing the "Almanac" with the game shifted its approach. While it was not intended as an educational game at release, the game proved very successful as an educational tool for schools. By 1995, over four million copies of the game had been sold, and established the "Carmen Sandiego" franchise. This game is not to be confused with the 1996 rebooted version sometimes mistakenly called the "Deluxe" version.


text: The goal of the game is to track down Carmen Sandiego's villains around the world, arrest them and later capture Carmen herself. The player begins the game by first going to the country where the crime took place and then obtaining hints from various sources on where the thief went next, leading to a chase around the world to find the thief before time runs out. Each case begins with the user being alerted that a spectacular theft has been committed. Starting by first traveling to the scene of the crime, the player is given several opportunities to collect clues about the suspect's next location, which come in the form of pun-filled word play about the target place. There are thirty countries that can be visited in the game and each is identified by the name of a prominent city, though this city is not always consistent with the image of the country shown in the game.


text: If the player travels to an incorrect location, they receive nonsensical clues and will have to backtrack to the previous location to try again. If the player travels to the correct location, a simple animation of an obvious, but otherwise harmless V.I.L.E. henchman lurking across the screen is played. The gameplay continues to repeat in this manner as the player travels from location to location several times before catching up to the criminal. The user has only a limited amount of in-game time to travel, collect clues, and apprehend the criminal; every action taken uses up a portion of this time, and the criminal escapes if it runs out.


text: Occasionally, a witness will give a partial description of the criminal, allowing the user to eliminate one or more V.I.L.E. members as suspects. When only one viable suspect remains, Interpol issues an "arrest warrant" (the in-game equivalent of an Interpol "Red Notice") against that individual. If the user enters a combination of attributes that eliminates all possible members of the database, the game will inform the user to that effect and refuse to issue any warrant. Once the user reaches the final destination (indicated by witnesses warning the user to be careful) and chooses the correct location, the police chase the criminal across the screen, leading to an off-screen fight. If the user has obtained a warrant for the correct suspect, the police place the criminal under arrest and the case is closed. Otherwise, the police are left empty-handed and the criminal escapes.


text: The user becomes eligible for promotion after solving enough cases. Before the new rank is granted, though, the user must correctly answer a geography question with the help of a reference book included with the program (used as a form of protection against disk copying). Each rank gives harder assignments with more potential locations to visit. The culprit in the final case is Carmen Sandiego herself; apprehending her earns the user a spot in the game's Hall of Fame.


text: The Master System version plays quite differently compared to the other versions. Instead of using a menu-based system, a sprite character representing the user can be moved to the respective buildings within a country, to get a warrant or back to the airport to travel. The user must duck or jump knife attacks from henchmen and gun attacks from Carmen's gang, and will lose some time recovering if hit.


text: This is a list of the thirty locations visited in the game, organized in alphabetical order by country. Note that cities are identified as they were in the game and that they are followed by the country that the city would have been located in at the time the game was produced.


text: "Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego? Deluxe", on CD-ROM, adds digitized photographs from the National Geographic Society and music from Smithsonian/Folkways. Each location contains three sources of clues: The user can question a bystander, search the area, or call "Crime Net". Bystanders and "Crime Net" provide clues as to the suspect's location and, on occasion, additionally state something about the suspect. Searching an area along the perpetrator's path turns up an object that provides a clue as to the suspect's location. The Deluxe edition is the first in the series to feature dialogue spoken aloud, although most information still appears in written form and the dialogue of bystanders is not spoken but rather contained in speech balloons.


text: "Where in the World was Carmen Sandiego?" was the first product developed within Broderbund, which had only published externally developed software. The conception of the game began in 1983, though it did not start off as an educational game. Broderbund programmer Dane Bigham had played the text adventure game "Colossal Cave Adventure", but found that players would struggle in trying to find the correct synonyms to use for the commands programmed into the game, a limitation of computational power at that time. With the Apple II home computer gaining popularity, Bigham believed he could write an adventure game for children, using the graphics of the Apple II to provide menu-driven commands to replace text commands. Bigham developed the game to a point where it contained enough locations and concepts to take it to Broderbund's "Rubber Room", the offices of Gene Portwood, a former Disney artist, and Lauren Elliott, as to start developing a more complete story and art for the game. Bigham's initial idea, based on the childhood game of cops and robbers, did not readily get Portwood's attention, but as Bigham pared down the concept, in particular focusing the game on catching one criminal at a time rather than multiple, Portwood warmed up to the idea.


text: As Bigham, Portwood, and Elliott worked on this approach, Broderbund co-founder Gary Carlston suggested changing the game from an adventure to one focused on geography, recalling his own travels as a child in Europe in the 1950s. Bigham was not as thrilled with this idea, but continued on with the game focusing on refining the game's interface. To help write a narrative, Carlston hired in David Siefkin, and initially suggested to write a narrative around the "Great Cities" works from Time-Life Books, but later directed him to use the "World Almanac", as Carlston had plans to ship the game with the "Almanac" with it.


text: Siefkin wrote an early script for the game beside the swimming pool in Strawberry Canyon on the campus of the University of California at Berkeley. Siefkin was also inspired by "Colossal Cave Adventure", transforming the cavern into a map of the world, where the rooms of the cavern become countries with real treasures, and the clues were based on the languages, culture, and geography of those countries that they could get from the "Almanac". In the initial script, the game would select a random villain and a stolen treasure, and start the player in a randomly-selected city with a clue of where to go next via Bigham's menu interface. Getting the right answer would give the player another clue to the next location, and this process would repeat five to six times until the villain was caught and a new game started. Siefkin believed that children would learn about the world through trial and error as they played the game. Broderbund approved of this idea for the script and incorporated it into the existing development. Siefkin left the project soon after submitting the script to become a foreign service officer, serving as a diplomat in several of the countries featured in the game. He is listed in the game manual as a contributing author.


text: In an early draft named "World Quest", to be based upon the World Almanac and Book of Facts, the villain was a "demented and fabulously wealthy former professor" named Professor Estaban Devious. He would steal treasures from small countries and hide them in his Secret Museum. Siefkin's script featured several villains, one of whom he named Carmen Sandiego. Siefkin adapted Carmen's name from the Brazilian singer and actress Carmen Miranda, as well as the name of a dog owned by his former roommates in San Francisco, as well as from the American city of San Diego, California. Project manager Katherine Bird latched onto that name believing it captured something exotic and mysterious. She was described in the original game manual as "An agent, double agent, triple agent, and quadruple agent in so many countries that even "she" has forgotten which one she's working for." Carlston also liked the name as they could design a female character for it, allowing young women to be able to connect with the game, as well as not having to worry about her backstory of why she became a crook. The name also lent well to the title "Where In the World Is Carmen Sandiego?" as it succinctly informed the player of the game's goal. With this, they fleshed out two organizations: V.I.L.E. - Villains' International League of Evil - and the ACME Detective Agency - with ACME joking considered an initialism for "A Company that Makes Everything". Some of the villains in V.I.L.E. were designed from other Broderbund employees: Carmen was modeled after Marsha Bell, the company's manager of marketing services, while the villain "Katherine Drib" was an anagram of Bird's name. Others were named based on puns, such as "Ken U. Sparadigm" for "can you spare a dime". The game would now require the player to start as a recruit for ACME, and work their way up by locating the henchmen within V.I.L.E., until finally they were ready to track Carmen. As they worked their way up, they would have less in-game time to find the crook, and the geographic trivia would become harder.


text: Bigham considered his relationship with this first "Carmen" game as one of "love-hate", as he had been more inspired to develop action games, and Carlston had denied him opportunities to work on these at Broderbund while "Carmen" was still in production. Bigham was still not sure if the game would be successful, and once the game was complete by 1985, took a brief leave from Broderbund to work with Douglas E. Smith during that summer. When he returned to Broderbund, he was surprised that "Carmen" was popular from a market area they did not anticipate, that being from an educational standpoint, becoming a core piece of software in many schools.


text: "Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego?" was a commercial blockbuster. It was Broderbund's third best-selling Commodore game as of late 1987. In April 1989, the game was awarded a "Diamond" certification from the Software Publishers Association for sales above 500,000 units, making it one of the top two best-selling computer games in the United States (along with "Karate Champ") up until June 1989. It went on to achieve sales above 800,000 units by December 1989. At the time, Joyce Worley of "Video Games & Computer Entertainment" called its performance "an incredible accomplishment for any piece of entertainment software and especially remarkable for an educational game." It had surpassed two million units sold by 1991, and four million by 1995. In 2003, "Computers and Education" wrote that "Carmen Sandiego" was "by far the best-selling educational software in North America".


text: Roy Wagner reviewed the game for "Computer Gaming World", and stated that "The graphics are nice and the manual is well written with a dossier on each thief. The game is good for schools or played as family activity. Everyone is sure to learn something."


text: "Compute!" called "Carmen Sandiego" an example of Broderbund's "attention to detail", and added "that it helps teach research skills and fundamentals of geography as well seems almost too good to be true ... it's entertaining enough to disguise the fact that you might be learning something while you play". The magazine gave it the 1989 Compute! Choice Award for Educational Software, stating that it successfully combined teaching and fun. "Info" gave the Commodore 64 version four-plus stars out of five, describing it as "a really good educational game ... you'll hardly be aware that you've been taught. The graphics and gameplay are nice, too".


text: "GamePro" gave the SNES version a positive review. They described it as identical to the earlier PC and Genesis versions, and praised the graphics and the strong edutainment value.


text: In 2021, The Strong National Museum of Play inducted "Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego?" to its World Video Game Hall of Fame.


text: In April 1994 "Computer Gaming World" said that the "Deluxe" CD version "adds substantial value to an already excellent game". The San Diego Union said the "'Carmen Sandiego Deluxe' game is challenging, but still fun", adding that "Kids will be anything but bored". Boston Globe said it was "for older children". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette described it as a "fast paced detective chase". The Los Angeles Times said "[Carmen Sandiego's] creators at Broderbund have remade her bigger and badder than ever in a terrific new CD-ROM release of "Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? Deluxe Edition", and gave the game a rating of 5 out of 5 stars.


text: The game was given a press score of 6.3 by IGN, and a Reader Review Average of 8.0, a GameFAQs Rating Average of 8.5, and a GameRankings Average of 6.2 off the website GameFAQs. Nintendo Power gave the game a rating of 3.075 out of 5. A review of the 1992 version of Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? by Gary Hartley for HonestGamers concluded by saying: "For the most part, this is a good game. It has its share of flaws, but you should find it above average overall". Hartley gave the game a score of 6/10 (Good). Carole Stewart McDonnell for the website Guide2Games gave a positive review for the 1992 version of the game Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego?, saying "this is a fun way of learning world geography". The game was given a Christian Rating of 5/5 (nothing offensive), a Gameplay rating of 5/5 (excellent), a Violence rating of 5/5 (none) and an Adult Content rating of 4/5 (barely present).


title: Crater (film)

text: Crater is an upcoming American coming-of-age science fiction adventure film directed by Kyle Patrick Alvarez from a screenplay by John Griffin. The film is set to be released via streaming on Disney+.


title: Crater (film)

text: After his father's death, a boy raised on a lunar mining colony goes on a journey exploring a mysterious crater with his four best friends, before he is permanently relocated to another planet.


title: Crater (film)

text: The spec script by John Griffin was initially featured on the 2015 Black List, an annual list of the best unproduced screenplays of the year, where it received 34 votes. On November 8, 2017, it was announced that 20th Century Fox had purchased the script from a pitch by visual effects supervisor Rpin Suwannath. However, as a result of the acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney, development on the project was halted. Shawn Levy was initially in negotiations to direct the film, before being replaced by Kyle Patrick Alvarez on January 12, 2021. Levy was now attached to produce the project instead alongside his 21 Laps Entertainment production partner Dan Levine. Due to the acquisition of Fox, the film was shifted to Disney's streaming service Disney+ for an exclusive streaming premiere instead of the traditional theatrical release. The film had an estimated budget of $53.4 million.


title: Crater (film)

text: In March 2021, Mckenna Grace was cast in the film alongside Isaiah Russell-Bailey, Billy Barratt, Orson Hong, and Thomas Boyce. Scott Mescudi was cast in May.


title: Crater (film)

text: Principal photography began on June 21, 2021 at Celtic Studios in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Filming also took place in Los Angeles and lasted until August 20, 2021.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: The Airborne Toxic Event is an American rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 2006. It consists of Mikel Jollett (vocals, guitar, keyboards), Steven Chen (guitar, keyboards), Adrian Rodriguez (electric bass, backing vocals), Daren Taylor (drums), and Miriam "Mimi" Peschet (backing vocals, violin). Anna Bulbrook (vocals, violin) and Noah Harmon (electric bass) were formerly members of the band.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: Named after a section in Don DeLillo's novel "White Noise", the group is known for its blend of rock music and orchestral arrangements, having performed frequently with the Calder Quartet, a string quartet based in Los Angeles. The group has also played concerts with the Louisville Orchestra and the Colorado Symphony Orchestra.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: Initially a writer and essayist, Jollett began seriously writing songs with an acoustic guitar following a week in March 2006, during which he underwent a break-up, learned his mother had been diagnosed with cancer, and was himself diagnosed with a genetic autoimmune disease that led to the development of two cosmetic conditions: Alopecia areata and Vitiligo. This quick succession of traumatic events spurred a period of intense songwriting, and it was around this time that he first met Taylor through a mutual friend in Silver Lake, Los Angeles.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: Throughout the summer of 2006, Jollett and Taylor rehearsed several of Jollett's songs, including early incarnations of "Wishing Well," "Missy," and "Innocence," which would eventually appear on the band's debut album. After a few months of rehearsals, Jollett ran into Anna Bulbrook one night at El Gran Burrito, a popular outdoor Mexican restaurant in Silver Lake. Trained in orchestral and chamber music, she had just moved to Los Angeles from New York City. Though they were just acquaintances at the time, he remembered that she played the violin and asked her to attend one of his and Taylor's rehearsals. Afraid to bring her more expensive violin to a rock rehearsal, she agreed to bring her viola instead. Jollett then asked Harmon, a Tucson native and graduate of the Herb Alpert School of Music at the California Institute of the Arts, to join his fledgling band, having seen him perform in Los Angeles with other acts and been impressed with his background in rock and jazz, as well as his skill with the upright bass. At the time, Harmon was performing with multiple rock and jazz bands while teaching guitar to children both in East Los Angeles as part of CalArts' Community Arts Partnership, and at Arroyo Seco Park (Highland Park, CA) as part of its "Art in the Park" program. He refused at first, and it wasn't until months later—after several shows—that Harmon agreed to join the group full-time. Chen and Jollett, meanwhile, had already known each other for five years. They first met through a mutual friend while both were living in San Francisco and working as writers. After a few years of living in New York, Chen made a return to his hometown of Los Angeles, upon which Jollett contacted him and asked if he'd be interested in playing the keyboard in the band. Chen replied that he, in fact, played guitar and eventually filled the role as lead guitarist.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: Prior to the formation of the band, and to supplement his fiction writing, Jollett supported himself as a freelance writer, contributing to NPR, "Los Angeles Times", "Filter" and "Men's Health", among other organizations. Soon after the formation of the band, he concentrated only on fiction. In the summer of 2008, "McSweeney's" issue 27 published one of Jollett's short stories, "The Crack", which appeared between short stories by Liz Mandrell and Stephen King. In keeping with his literary background, Jollett named the band after a section of the postmodern novel "White Noise" by Don DeLillo, which won the National Book Award in 1985. In the book, a chemical spill from a railcar releases a poisonous cloud, dubbed by the military and media as an "airborne toxic event." The reason for choosing this as the name of the band, he has stated, is that the event described in the novel triggers a fear of death and a sense of mortality that fundamentally alters the protagonist's outlook on himself, his family, and his life. The band was born of a similar life-altering sequence of events, and thus, the themes of mortality and media consumption that arise from the novel's toxic cloud serve as a major impetus for the band's creative drive.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: The Airborne Toxic Event played its first show at the Echo, a venue in Echo Park, in October 2006—less than a month after it was fully formed. The show was well attended, and the following month, the band played the CMJ Music Marathon. In December 2006, "Rolling Stone" named the group one of the "Top 25 Bands on MySpace." The band went on to receive positive feedback and reviews from music blogs and press, most notably the "L.A. Weekly" and the "Los Angeles Times", the latter of which named the group one of the top three L.A. bands to watch in 2008. Previous bands to receive this distinction include Cold War Kids and Silversun Pickups.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: In the summer of 2007, the U.K. indie label Square Records released a 7-inch single of the Airborne Toxic Event song "Does This Mean You Are Moving On?" To support the release, the band embarked on a ten-day tour of the U.K., playing shows in London and Brighton. Upon returning, the band recorded 14 tracks with producer Pete Min at his home studio in the Atwater Village, Los Angeles, while continuing to perform around Los Angeles. Ten of the tracks recorded at Min's home would later comprise the band's debut album.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: In December 2007, the band premiered the song "Sometime Around Midnight" with a live performance of the song on Indie 103.1's local music show "Check One Two". In January 2008, the band played a five-show weekly residency presented by Indie 103.1 at the popular Silver Lake venue Spaceland, chronicled in a short YouTube video titled "Thursdays in January". During the second-to-last week of the residency, Los Angeles commercial radio stations KROQ-FM and Indie 103.1 (KDLD) officially added the as-yet-unsigned band's song "Sometime Around Midnight" to regular rotation. Providence's WBRU, Seattle's KEXP-FM, San Francisco's Live 105 (KITS), San Diego's 91X (XETRA-FM), Boston's WFNX, and Sacramento's KWOD 106.5 soon followed suit, showing significant support for the group.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: In April 2008, after an extensive courtship from major labels, the Airborne Toxic Event signed with the indie label Majordomo Records, based in Los Angeles. Soon after that, on April 24, the band made its national television debut as the musical guest on the late-night NBC talk show "Last Call with Carson Daly".


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: On August 5, 2008, the band released its first full-length album, "The Airborne Toxic Event", featuring ten of the 14 songs recorded at Min's home studio at the end of 2007 and beginning of 2008. On August 1, coinciding with the release, the group performed "Sometime Around Midnight" on "Late Night with Conan O'Brien".


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: The record was received with mostly favorable reviews from such outlets as the Los Angeles Times, Newsweek, Q, Entertainment Weekly, and Drowned in Sound, among others. Notably, the Boston Herald named the band's album "The Debut Album of the Year." In addition, on December 6, 2008, iTunes named "Sometime Around Midnight" the No. 1 Alternative Song of the Year on their Best of 2008 list. One exception was the review on the music website Pitchfork Media, by Ian Cohen, who gave the record 1.6 out of 10 stars and accused the band of imitating the worst aspects of bands such as Arcade Fire, The Strokes, and Interpol. In response, the band released a statement saying that it does not take reviews too seriously and criticized Pitchfork for basing their critiques on "a band's ability to match a certain indie rock aesthetic" rather than a band's other merits, and claiming that much of the review "reads less like a record review and more like a diatribe against a set of ill-considered and borderline offensive preconceptions about Los Angeles".


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: To promote the album, the band released a series of one-take acoustic videos for each song on the record, filmed in different locations around Los Angeles. Each video was released in the order of the track listing on the album each week, with the final video ("Innocence") released in the first week of August to coincide with the album release. Some of the locations included the Los Angeles River, Griffith Park, and the Colburn School Conservatory of Music. Two of the acoustic videos featured the band performing in moving vehicles; "Does This Mean You’re Moving On?" was performed in a car on Sunset Boulevard, while "Something New" was performed on a boat at Marina Del Rey with Taylor both steering the boat and tapping a snare drum with his free hand.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: Beginning in July 2008, the band embarked on a series of tours in support of the album, which continued for approximately a year and a half. After touring various summer festivals, the band embarked on a North American tour opening for The Fratellis in the fall of 2008.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: Following that, the group played its "30 Shows in 30 Days" tour of the United Kingdom in November, during which it performed 30 nights in a row entirely in England and Scotland. The tour incorporated a month-long residency at the Dublin Castle, located in London's Camden Town. The band has largely attributed its subsequent success in the U.K. to this tour, which also included shows in Derby, York, Birmingham, Northampton, Leicester, Aldershot, Yeovil, Hayle, Southampton, Liverpool, Carlisle, Middlesbrough, Manchester, Hull, Leeds, Oxford, Brighton, Nottingham, Barrow-in-Furness, Stoke-on-Trent, Cardiff, Bristol, Sheffield, Preston, Dundee, Glasgow, and Fife.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: In January 2009, the Airborne Toxic Event embarked on its first headlining tour, beginning in the U.K., followed by two months in the United States and Canada. Meanwhile, bolstered by an unexpected addition to the playlist at the U.K.’s BBC Radio 1—an unusual occurrence for an unsigned American band—the group released its debut through an independent distributor in the UK on February 9, 2009. Also during this time, the group began performing on television with the Calder Quartet, a Los Angeles-based string quartet featuring Bulbrook’s brother on second violin. The quartet had previously played with the band for its record-release show at the El Rey Theatre in Los Angeles in August 2008, as well as appearing in two of its one-take acoustic videos, for "Sometime Around Midnight" and "Innocence". They joined the band for three television performances during the first half of 2009, including the "Late Show with David Letterman" on January 16, 2009, "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno" on April 14, 2009, and "Jimmy Kimmel Live!" on May 14, 2009. Soon after the Letterman performance, which garnered worldwide attention, the band's single “Sometime Around Midnight" entered the top 10 on the US Alternative Radio Chart.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: The band toured almost constantly for the remainder of the year, throughout North America, the U.K., and continental Europe, performing during the summer at several festivals, including Coachella, Lollapalooza, T in the Park, Fuji Rock, the Reading and Leeds Festivals, Oxegen, Latitude Festival, FM4 Frequency Festival, Pukkelpop, A Campingflight to Lowlands Paradise, and the Sasquatch! Music Festival. The group's final tour for its debut album began on September 17, 2009 in Pomona, California and concluded in Oxford, U.K. on November 14. By the end of 2009, "Sometime Around Midnight" was the No. 10 Most Played Song at Alternative Radio for the year. It peaked at No. 4 and sold over 400,000 copies in the US. The band's debut album spent 8 weeks at No. 1 on Billboard's Heatseekers Chart (53 weeks in total on the chart) and has sold over 200,000 copies domestically and 300,000 worldwide.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: Due to this constant touring Jollett admitted that his writing career had to be put on hold. While he was writing an original novel in the early years of the formation of the band, the stresses and time constraint of touring made it nearly impossible to continue his current works.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: The group made five music videos for the album: "Does This Mean You’re Moving On?", directed by Jason Wishnow; "Happiness is Overrated", directed by Jon Danovic; "Gasoline", directed by Billy Johnson; and "Sometime Around Midnight", for which there were two separate videos, directed by Wishnow and D. J. Caruso.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: On March 10, 2009, during a live radio broadcast with U2 at the Metro Chicago, host Shirley Manson of Garbage asked the band to name some of its favorite songs. Bassist Adam Clayton chose "Sometime Around Midnight" as one of his selections, commenting that he felt he would be listening to their album the rest of the year. During its U2 360° Tour, U2 made a habit of playing a recording of the song in stadiums before taking the stage.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: On May 20, 2009, an entire episode of "Last Call with Carson Daly" was devoted to the Airborne Toxic Event, featuring interviews and excerpts from a show at the Glass House in Pomona, California.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: On December 4, 2009, the Airborne Toxic Event played its final show in support of its debut album, giving a sold-out performance at the Frank Gehry-designed Walt Disney Concert Hall in Downtown Los Angeles. The show was presented by the Los Angeles Philharmonic and was the last of 354 shows performed by the band on its debut album cycle. The group was accompanied by the Calder Quartet, the Lalo Guerrero Children's choir, The Belmont High School marching band, Mexican Baile Folklorico dancers, and a number of guest musicians, including horn players and an accordionist.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: On June 7, 2010, the Airborne Toxic Event released a song and video titled "Neda," in recognition of the one-year anniversary of the Death of Neda Agha-Soltan, the young Iranian woman who was killed during the protests of the disputed 2009 presidential election of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in Iran. In conjunction with Amnesty International, the band also launched a website, nedaspeaks.org, to raise awareness about Agha-Soltan's death and the human rights struggle in Iran. The music video features a series of animated stills depicting the events surrounding Agha-Soltan's death, interspersed with text.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: As part of its website, the band encouraged visitors to submit a photo of themselves holding a sign reading "I am Neda." Celebrities who participated in the project include Alyssa Milano, Paul Haggis, and Ne-Yo, among others. All proceeds from the sale of the single on iTunes were donated to Amnesty International. In addition, the band held a benefit concert at the Echo in Los Angeles on May 25, 2010. One of the attendees at the show was Jimmy Delshad, mayor of Beverly Hills and the highest-ranking Iranian American elected official in the United States.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: On July 14, 2010, the band announced the release of the documentary DVD and CD "All I Ever Wanted: Live From Walt Disney Concert Hall", on September 7, 2010 in North America and October 4, 2010 in Europe. The North American release date was later moved to September 29, 2010. The film premiered at the Vista Theatre in the Los Feliz, Los Angeles on September 2, 2010, at the Sunshine Theater in New York on September 9, and at the Raindance Film Festival in London on September 30.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: The film, directed by Danovic, features the Airborne Toxic Event's December 4, 2009 Walt Disney Concert Hall performance in its entirety, interspersed with a behind-the-scenes narrative chronicling the band's extensive preparations for the show. The non-concert footage includes extensive rehearsals with the Calder Quartet, the Belmont High School marching band, and the Lalo Guerrero children's choir. Stylistically, the film splices rehearsal footage with concert footage for most of the songs performed, in addition to switching between black-and-white and color video. The performance features non-album tracks, including the title track "All I Ever Wanted," "A Letter to Georgia," "Duet," and "This Losing." It also includes cover versions of "Goodbye Horses," by Q Lazzarus, "The Book of Love" by The Magnetic Fields, and "Do You Remember Rock 'n' Roll Radio?" by the Ramones. The DVD release also includes an additional CD containing an audio recording of the entire concert.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: In support of the DVD release, the group spent September and October 2010 on a sold-out, three-week North American and U.K. acoustic tour, with the Calder Quartet joining them for the North American leg of the tour. They performed at a series of non-traditional venues, including the Sixth & I Synagogue in Washington D.C., Town Hall in New York, Trinity Church in Toronto, the John Anson Ford Amphitheatre in Los Angeles, and the Union Chapel in London. In John Earls News of the World review of the Union Chapel show, he wrote "Debuting seven terrific new songs to make the heart soar, Toxic's stirring tunes certainly get in the bloodstream."


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: The Airborne Toxic Event's second album, "All at Once", was released on April 25, 2011 in Europe, and April 26 in North America. Written during the latter half of 2009 and most of 2010, the record was produced in Los Angeles by Dave Sardy, who also produced albums by Oasis, Band of Horses, LCD Soundsystem, Wolfmother, and Autolux. An acoustic version of one of the songs from the album, "Half of Something Else," appeared on the soundtrack for the film "Going the Distance", directed by Nanette Burstein and starring Drew Barrymore and Justin Long.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: On January 22, 2011, the band played a concert with the Colorado Symphony Orchestra at Boettcher Concert Hall in Denver, debuting orchestral arrangements of songs from "All at Once", in addition to those from the first record. Previously, it performed with the Louisville Orchestra at The Kentucky Center for the Performing Arts’ Whitney Hall on January 30, 2010, as part of the orchestra's "BB&T Strings Attached" series.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: On February 1, 2011, the Airborne Toxic Event released two separate first singles from the album in North America and Europe, respectively. In North America, the single was "Changing", while in Europe, it was "Numb". In its October 9, 2010 issue, "Music Week" wrote, "The LA group's new material is the sound of a band defining their identity. Produced by Dave Sardy, this is confident, ambitious and radio-friendly."


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: Also on February 1, 2011, the band embarked on a one-month tour of continental Europe, composed partly of three simultaneous musical residencies in Amsterdam (Mondays), Berlin (Tuesdays), and Paris (Fridays). Other cities visited on the tour, on Wednesdays and Thursdays, were Antwerp, Münster, Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, and Zurich. In addition, the band played HMV Group's Next Big Thing music festival at Heaven in London on February 10.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: As a follow-up to the series of one-take acoustic videos released in the lead-up to its first album, the group announced the "Bombastic" on February 15, 2011—a series of similar one-take acoustic videos of all the songs from "All at Once", directed by Danovic. As with the first series, the band indicated that it would release one video each week. The first video released was a performance of "All at Once"’s title track, featuring the Calder Quartet, the Lalo Guerrero School of Music children's choir, and music students from the Plaza de la Raza Community Center in East Los Angeles. On February 22, the Airborne Toxic Event released its second "Bombastic" video, a performance of the song "All for a Woman" inside the First Baptist Church in Koreatown, Los Angeles. The March 2nd release featured a slightly different arrangement of "All I Ever Wanted," performed with the Calder Quartet at the Colburn School Conservatory of Music. On March 9, 16, 22, and 30 and April 7, 13, 20, and 27 the band released acoustic versions of "It Doesn't Mean a Thing", "Welcome to Your Wedding Day", "The Kids Are Ready to Die", "Strange Girl", "Changing", "Numb", "Half of Something Else", and "The Graveyard Near the House", respectively.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: On March 4, 2011, the Airborne Toxic Event released two music videos for its singles "Changing" and "Numb," both from "All at Once". Both were directed by Danovic. The video for "Changing" features members of the Strikers All-Stars, a Los Angeles-based dance crew known for its community outreach, as well as collaborations with artists such as Rihanna and Lil Wayne. The video for "Numb" premiered on MTV UK.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: Following a showcase in March at Stubb's BBQ for 2011's South by Southwest music conference, the band embarked on a North American and European tour in support of "All at Once", which began on April 4 in Nottingham, UK. Of these, 15 shows constituted what the band dubbed the "Origins Tour," consisting of five shows each in London, Los Angeles, and New York. Beginning with the smallest venues in each city, these 15 dates encompassed a range of differently sized venues in which the group has played since its inception. For the North American leg that followed, the tour's opening slot was filled by Voxhaul Broadcast, from Los Angeles, and then later by Mona from Nashville. The tour concluded on June 16 in Sacramento, CA.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: The band appeared in the season finale of "Gossip Girl", “The Wrong Goodbye”, which aired on May 16, playing "All for a Woman" and "Changing". Reaching No. 4 on the Alternative Song charts, "Changing" was also featured, throughout June and July, on a television trailer for "Crazy, Stupid, Love", starring Steve Carell and Ryan Gosling.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: On July 26, 2011 the group announced its Fall World Tour, with dates in North America and Europe, beginning on October 9 in Denver and concluding on December 6 in Tempe, AZ. Mona and The Drowning Men, both of whom toured with the band previously, are set to open most of the North American dates. One of the shows for the tour is a headlining slot for "LA Weekly"'s annual "LA 101" festival, scheduled for October 23, 2011 at the Gibson Amphitheatre.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: On September 30, 2011 the band performed its second single, "All I Ever Wanted," with the Calder Quartet on "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno".


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: On October 21, 2011, the Airborne Toxic Event released the official video for "All I Ever Wanted," stating that both the song and the video are loosely based on the short story "The Hitchhiking Game" by Milan Kundera.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: On February 1, 2012 the band performed "All I Ever Wanted" with the Calder Quartet on the 30th Anniversary episode of "The Late Show with David Letterman".


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: On July 2, 2012, The Airborne Toxic Event announced that they were in the process of recording their third studio album with Jacquire King. They also announced that the band is playing Red Rocks with the Colorado Symphony on September 20, 2012, with Colorado band DeVotchKa, and that this will be the first show of the upcoming record run.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: On January 14, 2013, the band announced the name of their third album as "Such Hot Blood", with the first single, "Timeless", released on January 22. On April 22, the band announced via their Facebook page that AOL's Spinner will be streaming the full album. "Such Hot Blood" was released on April 30 in North America.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: On July 16, 2013, it was announced via their website that the band would be touring Europe and the UK in fall 2013. Starting on October 1, the band played in several venues in the UK, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: On January 22, 2014, it was announced in a fan email that Ashley Dzerigian would be replacing Noah Harmon on bass for a series of shows in 2014, as Noah takes a paternity leave of absence. It was subsequently announced on the band's website on February 5, 2014, that Ashley Dzerigian had unforeseen circumstances that would prevent her from joining the tour. The new replacement for Noah Harmon is Adrian Rodriguez. As of August 5, 2014 Noah has confirmed via his personal Instagram that he has been fired from The Airborne Toxic Event with a message in which he simply stated "I got fired. 7 years, 0 regrets. Good luck".


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: On October 3, 2014, the band premiered "Wrong", the lead single off their fourth studio album, on Philadelphia radio station Radio 104.5.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: It was later confirmed on the site of San Diego radio station 91X that the upcoming album would be titled "Dope Machines". On February 23, 2015, a day before the release of "Dope Machines", the band announced via their Facebook page that they'd be releasing a second album the next day, in addition to "Dope Machines", titled "Songs of God and Whiskey".


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: The second album would be acoustic and focus more on rock and roll than the electronic synth pop in "Dope Machines". The album would be composed of songs written throughout the ten years before the album's release.


title: The Airborne Toxic Event

text: In September 2019, it was announced that Anna Bulbrook would be leaving the band, and that the band had been working on a new project. On November 12, 2019, frontman Mikel Jollett announced via Twitter that the band would be releasing their sixth studio album, "Hollywood Park", on May 8, 2020, through Rounder Records. The album acts as a companion piece to Jollett's memoir of the same name, which was released three days prior on May 5 through Celadon Books. On December 20, 2019, Hollywood Park was named one of the 30 most anticipated books of 2020 by O, The Oprah Magazine.


title: Freezing-point depression

text: Freezing-point depression is a drop in the minimum temperature at which a substance freezes, caused when a smaller amount of another, non-volatile substance is added. Examples include adding salt into water (used in ice cream makers and for de-icing roads), alcohol in water, ethylene or propylene glycol in water (used in antifreeze in cars), adding copper to molten silver (used to make solder that flows at a lower temperature than the silver pieces being joined), or the mixing of two solids such as impurities into a finely powdered drug.


title: Freezing-point depression

text: In all cases, the substance added/present in smaller amounts is considered the solute, while the original substance present in larger quantity is thought of as the solvent. The resulting liquid solution or solid-solid mixture has a lower freezing point than the pure solvent or solid because the chemical potential of the solvent in the mixture is lower than that of the pure solvent, the difference between the two being proportional to the natural logarithm of the mole fraction. In a similar manner, the chemical potential of the vapor above the solution is lower than that above a pure solvent, which results in boiling-point elevation. Freezing-point depression is what causes sea water (a mixture of salt and other compounds in water) to remain liquid at temperatures below , the freezing point of pure water.


title: Freezing-point depression

text: The freezing point is the temperature at which the liquid solvent and solid solvent are at equilibrium, so that their vapour pressures are equal. When a non-volatile solute is added to a volatile liquid solvent, the solution vapour pressure will be lower than that of the pure solvent. As a result, the solid will reach equilibrium with the solution at a lower temperature than with the pure solvent. This explanation in terms of vapor pressure is equivalent to the argument based on chemical potential, since the chemical potential of a vapor is logarithmically related to pressure. All of the colligative properties result from a lowering of the chemical potential of the solvent in the presence of a solute. This lowering is an entropy effect. The greater randomness of the solution (as compared to the pure solvent) acts in opposition to freezing, so that a lower temperature must be reached, over a broader range, before equilibrium between the liquid solution and solid solution phases is achieved. Melting point determinations are commonly exploited in organic chemistry to aid in identifying substances and to ascertain their purity.


title: Freezing-point depression

text: Consider the problem in which the solvent freezes to a very nearly pure crystal, regardless of the presence of the nonvolatile solute. This typically occurs simply because the solute molecules do not fit well in the crystal, i.e. substituting a solute for a solvent molecule in the crystal has high enthalpy. In this case, for low solute concentrations, the freezing point depression depends solely on the concentration of solute particles, not on their individual properties. The freezing point depression thus is called a colligative property.


title: Freezing-point depression

text: The explanation for the freezing point depression is then simply that as solvent molecules leave the liquid and join the solid, they leave behind a smaller volume of liquid in which the solute particles can roam. The resulting reduced entropy of the solute particles thus is independent of their properties. This approximation ceases to hold when the concentration becomes large enough for solute-solute interactions to become important. In that case, the freezing point depression depends on particular properties of the solute other than its concentration.


title: Freezing-point depression

text: The phenomenon of freezing-point depression has many practical uses. The radiator fluid in an automobile is a mixture of water and ethylene glycol. The freezing-point depression prevents radiators from freezing in winter. Road salting takes advantage of this effect to lower the freezing point of the ice it is placed on. Lowering the freezing point allows the street ice to melt at lower temperatures, preventing the accumulation of dangerous, slippery ice. Commonly used sodium chloride can depress the freezing point of water to about . If the road surface temperature is lower, NaCl becomes ineffective and other salts are used, such as calcium chloride, magnesium chloride or a mixture of many. These salts are somewhat aggressive to metals, especially iron, so in airports safer media such as sodium formate, potassium formate, sodium acetate, and potassium acetate are used instead.


title: Freezing-point depression

text: Freezing-point depression is used by some organisms that live in extreme cold. Such creatures have evolved means through which they can produce a high concentration of various compounds such as sorbitol and glycerol. This elevated concentration of solute decreases the freezing point of the water inside them, preventing the organism from freezing solid even as the water around them freezes, or as the air around them becomes very cold. Examples of organisms that produce antifreeze compounds include some species of arctic-living fish such as the rainbow smelt, which produces glycerol and other molecules to survive in frozen-over estuaries during the winter months. In other animals, such as the spring peeper frog ("Pseudacris crucifer"), the molality is increased temporarily as a reaction to cold temperatures. In the case of the peeper frog, freezing temperatures trigger a large-scale breakdown of glycogen in the frog's liver and subsequent release of massive amounts of glucose into the blood.


title: Freezing-point depression

text: With the formula below, freezing-point depression can be used to measure the degree of dissociation or the molar mass of the solute. This kind of measurement is called cryoscopy (Greek "cryo" = cold, "scopos" = observe; "observe the cold") and relies on exact measurement of the freezing point. The degree of dissociation is measured by determining the van 't Hoff factor "i" by first determining "m" and then comparing it to "m". In this case, the molar mass of the solute must be known. The molar mass of a solute is determined by comparing "m" with the amount of solute dissolved. In this case, "i" must be known, and the procedure is primarily useful for organic compounds using a nonpolar solvent. Cryoscopy is no longer as common a measurement method as it once was, but it was included in textbooks at the turn of the 20th century. As an example, it was still taught as a useful analytic procedure in Cohen's "Practical Organic Chemistry " of 1910, in which the molar mass of naphthalene is determined using a "Beckmann freezing apparatus".


title: Freezing-point depression

text: Freezing-point depression can also be used as a purity analysis tool when analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry. The results obtained are in mol%, but the method has its place, where other methods of analysis fail.


title: Freezing-point depression

text: In the laboratory, lauric acid may be used to investigate the molar mass of an unknown substance via the freezing-point depression. The choice of lauric acid is convenient because the melting point of the pure compound is relatively high (43.8 °C). Its cryoscopic constant is 3.9 °C·kg/mol. By melting lauric acid with the unknown substance, allowing it to cool, and recording the temperature at which the mixture freezes, the molar mass of the unknown compound may be determined.


title: Freezing-point depression

text: This is also the same principle acting in the melting-point depression observed when the melting point of an impure solid mixture is measured with a melting-point apparatus since melting and freezing points both refer to the liquid-solid phase transition (albeit in different directions).


title: Freezing-point depression

text: In principle, the boiling-point elevation and the freezing-point depression could be used interchangeably for this purpose. However, the cryoscopic constant is larger than the ebullioscopic constant, and the freezing point is often easier to measure with precision, which means measurements using the freezing-point depression are more precise.


title: Freezing-point depression

text: This phenomenon is applicable in preparing a freezing mixture to make ice cream. For this purpose, NaCl or another salt is used to lower the melting point of ice.


title: Freezing-point depression

text: FPD measurements are also used in the dairy industry to ensure that milk has not had extra water added. Milk with a FPD of over 0.509 °C is considered to be unadulterated.


title: Freezing-point depression

text: If the solution is treated as an ideal solution, the extent of freezing-point depression depends only on the solute concentration that can be estimated by a simple linear relationship with the cryoscopic constant ("Blagden's Law").


title: Freezing-point depression

text: The simple relation above doesn't consider the nature of the solute, so it is only effective in a diluted solution. For a more accurate calculation at a higher concentration, for ionic solutes, Ge and Wang (2010) proposed a new equation:


title: Freezing-point depression

text: In the above equation, "T" is the normal freezing point of the pure solvent (273 K for water, for example); "a" is the activity of the solvent in the solution (water activity for aqueous solution); Δ"H" is the enthalpy change of fusion of the pure solvent at "T", which is 333.6 J/g for water at 273 K; Δ"C" is the difference between the heat capacities of the liquid and solid phases at "T", which is 2.11 J/(g·K) for water.


title: Freezing-point depression

text: The solvent activity can be calculated from the Pitzer model or modified TCPC model, which typically requires 3 adjustable parameters. For the TCPC model, these parameters are available for many single salts.


title: Rotorcraft

text: A rotorcraft or rotary-wing aircraft is a heavier-than-air aircraft with rotary wings or rotor blades, which generate lift by rotating around a vertical mast. Several rotor blades mounted on a single mast are referred to as a rotor. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) defines a rotorcraft as "supported in flight by the reactions of the air on one or more rotors".


title: Rotorcraft

text: Rotorcraft generally include aircraft where one or more rotors provide lift throughout the entire flight, such as helicopters, autogyros, and gyrodynes. Compound rotorcraft augment the rotor with additional thrust engines, propellers, or static lifting surfaces. Some types, such as helicopters are capable of vertical takeoff and landing. An aircraft which uses rotor lift for vertical flight but changes to solely fixed-wing lift in horizontal flight is not a rotorcraft but a convertiplane.


title: Rotorcraft

text: A helicopter is a rotorcraft whose rotors are driven by the engine(s) throughout the flight to allow the helicopter to take off vertically, hover, fly forwards, backwards and laterally, as well as to land vertically. Helicopters have several different configurations of one or more main rotors.


title: Rotorcraft

text: Helicopters with a single shaft-driven main lift rotor require some sort of antitorque device such as a tail rotor, fantail, or NOTAR, except some rare examples of helicopters using tip jet propulsion, which generates almost no torque.


title: Rotorcraft

text: An autogyro (sometimes called gyrocopter, gyroplane, or rotaplane) utilizes an unpowered rotor, driven by aerodynamic forces in a state of autorotation to develop lift, and an engine-powered propeller, similar to that of a fixed-wing aircraft, to provide thrust. While similar to a helicopter rotor in appearance, the autogyro's rotor must have air flowing up and through the rotor disk in order to generate rotation. Early autogyros resembled the fixed-wing aircraft of the day, with wings and a front-mounted engine and propeller in a tractor configuration to pull the aircraft through the air. Late-model autogyros feature a rear-mounted engine and propeller in a pusher configuration.


title: Rotorcraft

text: The autogyro was invented in 1920 by Juan de la Cierva. The autogyro with pusher propeller was first tested by Etienne Dormoy with his Buhl A-1 Autogyro.


title: Rotorcraft

text: The rotor of a gyrodyne is normally driven by its engine for takeoff and landinghovering like a helicopterwith anti-torque and propulsion for forward flight provided by one or more propellers mounted on short or stub wings. As power is increased to the propeller, less power is required by the rotor to provide forward thrust resulting in reduced pitch angles and rotor blade flapping. At cruise speeds with most or all of the thrust being provided by the propellers, the rotor receives power only sufficient to overcome the profile drag and maintain lift. The effect is a rotorcraft operating in a more efficient manner than the freewheeling rotor of an autogyro in autorotation, minimizing the adverse effects of retreating blade stall of helicopters at higher airspeeds.


title: Rotorcraft

text: A rotor kite or gyroglider is an unpowered rotary-wing aircraft. Like an autogyro or helicopter, it relies on lift created by one or more sets of rotors in order to fly. Unlike a helicopter, autogyros and rotor kites do not have an engine powering their rotors, but while an autogyro has an engine providing forward thrust that keeps the rotor turning, a rotor kite has no engine at all, and relies on either being carried aloft and dropped from another aircraft, or by being towed into the air behind a car or boat.


title: Rotorcraft

text: A rotary wing is characterised by the number of blades. Typically this is between two and six per driveshaft.


title: Rotorcraft

text: Some rotary wing aircraft are designed to stop the rotor for forward flight so that it then acts as a fixed wing. For vertical flight and hovering it spins to act as a rotary wing or rotor, and for forward flight at speed it stops to act as a fixed wing providing some or all of the lift required. Additional fixed wings may also be provided to help with stability and control and to provide auxiliary lift.


title: Rotorcraft

text: An early American proposal was the conversion of the Lockheed F-104 Starfighter with a triangular rotor wing. The idea was later revisited by Hughes. The Sikorsky S-72 research aircraft underwent extensive flight testing.


title: Rotorcraft

text: In 1986 the Sikorsky S-72 Rotor Systems Research Aircraft (RSRA) was fitted with a four-bladed stopped rotor, known as the X-wing. The programme was cancelled two years later, before the rotor had flown.


title: Rotorcraft

text: The later canard rotor/wing (CRW) concept added a "canard" foreplane as well as a conventional tailplane, offloading the rotor wing and providing control during forward flight. For vertical and low-speed flight, the main airfoil is tip-driven as a helicopter's rotor by exhaust from a jet engine, and there is no need for a tail rotor. In high-speed flight the airfoil is stopped in a spanwise position, as the main wing of a three-surface aircraft, and the engine exhausts through an ordinary jet nozzle. Two Boeing X-50 Dragonfly prototypes with a two-bladed rotor were flown from 2003 but the program ended after both had crashed, having failed to transition successfully.


title: Rotorcraft

text: In 2013 the US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) published a vertical-to-horizontal flight transition method and associated technology, patented December 6, 2011, which they call the Stop-Rotor Rotary Wing Aircraft. The Australian company StopRotor Technology Pty Ltd has developed a prototype Hybrid RotorWing (HRW) craft. The design uses high alpha airflow to provide a symmetrical airflow across all the rotor blades, requiring it to drop almost vertically during transition. Inflight transition from fixed to rotary mode was demonstrated in August 2013.


title: Rotorcraft

text: Another approach proposes a tailsitter configuration in which the lifting surfaces act as a rotors during takeoff, the craft tilts over for horizontal flight and the rotor stops to act as a fixed wing.


title: 2016 New England Patriots season

text: The 2016 season was the New England Patriots' 47th in the National Football League (NFL), their 57th overall and their 17th under head coach Bill Belichick.


title: 2016 New England Patriots season

text: The Patriots ended the regular season with a league-best record of 14–2 and reached a number of milestones along the way: they became the first team originating in the American Football League to reach 500 franchise wins, set the record for most consecutive division titles at eight, became the seventh team to go 8–0 on the road, set the record for most pass attempts by a team without an interception to start a season, set the record for fewest interceptions thrown by a team with just 2, and led the league for fewest points allowed (250) for the first time since the 2003 season. Belichick moved into fourth place on the list for most wins as a head coach. Brady set the record for most wins by a starting quarterback and the record for the best touchdown–interception ratio in a single season.


title: 2016 New England Patriots season

text: Patriots starting quarterback Tom Brady was suspended for the first four games of the season due to his alleged role in the Deflategate scandal, marking the first time since 2008 that Brady didn't start in a game. Under backup quarterbacks Jimmy Garoppolo and Jacoby Brissett, the team went 3–1 during Brady's suspension.


title: 2016 New England Patriots season

text: In the playoffs, the Patriots appeared in the AFC Championship Game for a record sixth consecutive year and advanced to a record ninth Super Bowl appearance. In Super Bowl LI, the Patriots rallied from a 28–3 deficit – with 2:12 left in the third quarter – to win in overtime, with a score of 34–28 against the Atlanta Falcons. This was the first Super Bowl to be decided in overtime, and was the first time that the winner erased a deficit higher than ten points. It was the franchise's fifth Super Bowl title, where Belichick and Brady set record appearances (7) and wins (5) in the Super Bowl for a head coach and a quarterback respectively. Including the playoffs, the 2016 Patriots had an average per-game point differential of 12 points, still the largest for any of New England's six Super Bowl-winning teams.


title: 2016 New England Patriots season

text: The 2016 Patriots ranked #21 on the 100 greatest teams of all time presented by the NFL on its 100th anniversary.


title: 2016 New England Patriots season

text: Two-time Pro Bowl linebacker and 2008 AP NFL Defensive Rookie of the Year Jerod Mayo announced his retirement in February 2016. Linebacker Dane Fletcher also retired. In March, the Patriots released wide receiver Brandon LaFell and tight end Scott Chandler. The Patriots subsequently traded Pro Bowl defensive end Chandler Jones to the Arizona Cardinals in exchange for guard Jonathan Cooper and a 2016 second-round draft pick. Days later the Patriots acquired tight end Martellus Bennett from the Chicago Bears via trade. On September 7, the Patriots gained cornerback Eric Rowe in a trade that involved the Patriots giving the Philadelphia Eagles a conditional draft pick in the 2018 NFL Draft. On October 26, 2016, the Patriots traded a 2017 seventh-round draft pick to the Detroit Lions and acquired linebacker Kyle Van Noy, and in the process, released offensive guard Chase Farris, who was later signed to their practice squad. Furthermore, during the month of October, the Patriots traded linebacker Jamie Collins to the Cleveland Browns for a 2017 third round draft pick. Additionally, the Patriots signed wide receiver Michael Floyd on December 15, 2016 after he was released by the Arizona Cardinals because of his DUI incident.


title: 2016 New England Patriots season

text: In a battle of the two conference runners-up from the 2015 season, the New England Patriots entered their first game of the 2016 NFL season against the Arizona Cardinals with starting quarterback Jimmy Garoppolo replacing Tom Brady, who was serving his four-game suspension, also the first time since 2008 that Brady did not start a game.


title: 2016 New England Patriots season

text: Following a Cardinals punt on the first possession of the game, the Patriots took their first possession of the season for a touchdown. Garoppolo completed 4 of 5 passes for 75 yards on a 10-play drive, ending with a 37-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Chris Hogan. On the Cardinals' next drive, aided by a 39-yard completion from quarterback Carson Palmer to wide receiver John Brown, the Cardinals reached Patriots territory, but were forced to punt. Starting from their own 8-yard line, the Patriots cashed in again. Despite only reaching the Cardinals' 29-yard line, placekicker Stephen Gostkowski nailed a 47-yard field goal for a 10–0 Patriots lead. The Cardinals drove to the Patriots' 31, but on 3rd-and-2, Palmer was sacked for an 8-yard loss. Rather than attempt a 57-yard field goal, the Cardinals punted. On 2nd-and-8, Garoppolo was sacked by linebacker Markus Golden and fumbled, with ex-Patriot Chandler Jones recovering at the Patriots' 39, but a 15-yard unsportsmanlike conduct penalty sent the Cardinals to their own 46. The field position did not hurt Arizona, as they drove 54 yards in 11 plays, scoring on Palmer's 1-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Larry Fitzgerald, trimming the deficit to 10–7. Neither team got a first down for the rest of the half. The Patriots kicked off the second half by storming 75 yards in 9 plays, with Garoppolo converting a 3rd-and-6 with a 10-yard run and a 3rd-and-7 with a 28-yard completion to wide receiver Malcolm Mitchell, before running back LeGarrette Blount finished the drive with an 8-yard touchdown run, extending the lead to 17–7. The Cardinals punted on their next drive, but on the first play of the Patriots' next drive, Blount fumbled, with defensive end Calais Campbell recovering for Arizona at the Patriots' 33. With the good field position, Arizona marched 33 yards in just five plays and running back David Johnson scored on a 1-yard touchdown run, trimming the score to 17–14. The Patriots countered with a 50-yard drive to the Cardinals 25. On 3rd-and-4, Garoppolo hit wide receiver Julian Edelman for a first down, but the play was nullified for a holding penalty on tight end Martellus Bennett and the Patriots settled for 53-yard field goal two plays later. Andre Ellington returned the ensuing kickoff 16 yards to the Cardinals 16. This sparked a 79-yard, 7-play drive, aided by a 45-yard run by Johnson, with Palmer finding Fitzgerald on another 1-yard touchdown pass, giving the Cardinals their first lead at 21–20. Marching 61 yards, Garoppolo converted a 3rd-and-15 with a 32-yard pass to wide receiver Danny Amendola for a first down. "That's the play I remember", he later told Sports Illustrated. He completed a 3rd-and-3 7-yard pass to running back James White, Blount ran for 13 yards on 3rd-and-11 and the Patriots kicked a 32-yard field goal with 3:44 remaining to retake the lead, 23–21.


title: 2016 New England Patriots season

text: Starting at their own 8, the Cardinals reached the Patriots' 33 where two costly mistakes occurred. Offensive guard Earl Watford was flagged for holding, moving the ball back to the 43. On the next play, Palmer attempted a screen pass to Andre Ellington, for a four-yard loss, but on 3rd-and-23 at the Patriots 47, Palmer threw a clutch 18-yard pass to Brown to the Patriots' 29-yard line, setting up a game-winning 47-yard field-goal attempt by placekicker Chandler Catanzaro with 36 seconds left. However, rookie long snapper Kameron Canaday delivered a low snap, causing Catanzaro to miss wide left. Garoppolo took a knee and the Patriots got their first win of the season.


title: 2016 New England Patriots season

text: After taking the opening kickoff, the Patriots stormed 75 yards in just 8 plays, scoring on Jimmy Garoppolo's 12-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Danny Amendola for an early 7–0 lead. After a Dolphins three-and-out, the Patriots raced 75 yards in just 7 plays, on a nearly identical drive, and Garoppolo found Martellus Bennett on a 20-yard touchdown pass for a 14–0 lead. After the Dolphins failed to move the ball again, the Patriots marched 76 yards in over six minutes, with another Amendola touchdown catch extending the Patriots' lead to 21–0 a few plays into the second quarter. After a series of punts, the Patriots reached their 43, but Amendola fumbled at the Dolphins' 42 after a 15-yard reception, and linebacker Kiko Alonso recovered at the Dolphins' 42. However, two plays later wide receiver Jarvis Landry lost a fumble, with defensive end Chris Long recovering at the Patriots' 48. On the fifth play of the drive, Garoppolo was driven to the ground by Alonso on a completion to wide receiver Malcolm Mitchell and suffered a shoulder injury that required transportation to Massachusetts General Hospital; he finished with 232 yards and three touchdowns. Rookie quarterback Jacoby Brissett took over, and running back LeGarrette Blount drove the Patriots to the Dolphins' 16. Kicker Stephen Gostkowski finished the drive with a 34-yard field goal for a 24–0 lead. Four plays into the Dolphins' next possession, Jamie Collins intercepted quarterback Ryan Tannehill and returned the ball 13 yards to the Dolphins' 49. However, the Dolphins' defense forced the Patriots to go three-and-out and the Dolphins finally got on the board following a quick 77-yard drive that ended with kicker Andrew Franks' 27-yard field goal just before halftime, trimming the deficit to 24–3. The Dolphins stormed out of the gate in the second half, reaching the Patriots' 34, but running back Jay Ajayi fumbled and linebacker Jonathan Freeny recovered for the Patriots. The Patriots then raced 68 yards in just five plays to score on a 9-yard touchdown run by Blount, increasing their lead to 31-3 and seemingly put the game away. The Dolphins responded with a 7-play, 75-yard drive capped off by Tannehill's 24-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Kenny Stills, trimming the deficit to 31–10. After a Patriots three-and-out, the Dolphins stormed 88 yards in just five plays, aided by a pass interference penalty on Logan Ryan, and scored on a 12-yard touchdown pass from Tannehill to Jordan Cameron, trimming the deficit to just 31–17 early in the fourth quarter. The Patriots drove to the Dolphins' 35 on their next possession, but a penalty and nearly lost fumble forced the Patriots to punt. The Dolphins then went 74 yards and scored on a 7-yard touchdown run by rookie running back Kenyan Drake, reducing a 28-point third-quarter deficit to just seven with 6:06 remaining in the game. The Patriots drove all the way to the Dolphins' 21 on their next drive, but Gostkowski missed a 39-yard field goal wide right that would have put the game away with 1:04 remaining. The Dolphins drove to the Patriots' 29 in the final moments, but Tannehill was intercepted by safety Duron Harmon in the end zone with 0:02 left to seal the win for the Patriots.


title: 2016 New England Patriots season

text: With the win, the Patriots improved to 2–0. Tannehill threw for 387 yards, but his two interceptions and Ajayi's fumble proved to be costly. Brissett completed 6 of 9 passes for 92 yards. LeGarrette Blount ran for 123 yards and a touchdown. After the game, it was announced that Garoppolo would miss four to six weeks and that Brissett would start the next two games.


title: 2016 New England Patriots season

text: With Tom Brady in his third game of suspension and Jimmy Garoppolo injured, the Patriots, wearing Color Rush uniforms, started backup quarterback Jacoby Brissett.


title: 2016 New England Patriots season

text: The Houston Texans drove 36 yards to their own 47 on their second drive, but were forced to punt. The Patriots responded by driving 74 yards to 6-yard line, but the drive stalled, and the Patriots settled for a 24-yard field goal by Gostkowski and an early 3–0 lead. On the ensuing kickoff, Charles James II returned the ball 18 yards to the Texans' 17 and fumbled, but was ruled down by contact. The Patriots challenged and the ruling was changed, with the Patriots in possession at the Houston 22-yard line. After a false start penalty on offensive tackle Marcus Cannon, Brissett ran for a 27-yard touchdown, increasing the lead to 10–0. The Texans managed to reach midfield on their next drive, but after an illegal formation penalty moved them 5 yards back, linebacker Jamie Collins intercepted quarterback Brock Osweiler and returned the ball 18 yards to the Texans' 43. The Texans forced a punt and moved the ball on their next drive, but were forced to punt. Late in the half, the Texans once again drove to midfield, but were once again forced to punt. The Patriots then ran out the clock and took a 10–0 lead to the locker room. The Patriots marched 71 yards in 13 plays to the Texans' 7-yard line on the opening drive of the second half, but the Houston defense kept them out of the end zone and Gostkowski kicked a 25-yard field goal for a 13–0 lead. Once again, the Texans lost a fumble on the kickoff; this time, Tyler Ervin was stripped by Nate Ebner with Jordan Richards recovering at the Patriots' 21. Six plays later, Blount scored on a 1-yard touchdown run, extending the lead to 20–0 late in the third quarter. Ervin returned the kick 21 yards to the Texans' 23. The Texans drove 44 yards to the Patriots' 36-yard line but turned the ball over on downs early in the fourth quarter when Osweiler threw incomplete on 4th-and-4. Danny Amendola returned a punt 10 yards to the Patriots' 47. Two plays later, Blount burst through for a 41-yard touchdown run, extending the lead to 27–0. The Texans turned the ball over on downs two more times before running out the clock to end the game.


title: 2016 New England Patriots season

text: The Patriots stayed at home for a matchup against the Tyrod Taylor-led Bills. On the first play of scrimmage, Brissett hit Edelman on a 90-yard catch-and-run to the Bills' 1, but the play was nullified by a holding penalty on former Bill Chris Hogan. The Patriots didn't get a first down and punted. Starting from their own 35, the Bills marched 65 yards in over 7 minutes, scoring on a 7-yard touchdown pass from Taylor to LeSean McCoy. After a Patriots three-and-out, the Bills moved to the Patriots' 16, but settled for Dan Carpenter's 34-yard field goal on the second play of the second quarter, making the score 10–0. After forcing the Patriots to punt, the Bills drove 71 yards and Carpenter ended the drive with a 43-yard field goal, extending the lead to 13–0. The Patriots drove all the way to the Bills' 18 on their ensuing possession, but Brissett was strip-sacked by Zach Brown, with Preston Brown recovering for the Bills. Starting at their own 9, the Bills drove to their own 42, but punted. The Patriots punted as well, and the Bills led 13–0 at halftime. After forcing the Bills to punt on the opening drive, the Patriots drove to the Bills 30, but Gostkowski missed a 48-yard field goal. The Bills countered, reaching the Patriots 29, but Carpenter missed a 47-yard field goal. After yet another Patriots punt, Ben Tate returned the punt 18 yards to the Bills' 30. The Bills reached the Patriots' 26 and Carpenter nailed a 44-yard field goal, stretching the score to 16–0. Midway through the fourth quarter, the Patriots drove all the way to the Bills' 21, but turned the ball over on downs. After a Bills punt, the Patriots reached the Bills' 44, but the clock ran out.


title: 2016 New England Patriots season

text: With the loss, the Patriots fell to 3–1. This was the first time ever that the Patriots had been shut out at home with Bill Belichick as their head coach, their first shut out at home overall since 1993, and was their first shutout loss since December 10, 2006. This was also the team's first shutout loss to the Bills since their 2003 Super Bowl-winning season.


title: 2016 New England Patriots season

text: After forcing the Browns to a quick three-and-out on their opening drive, Brady led the Patriots on an 8-play, 80-yard drive, scoring on a 1-yard touchdown run by Blount to take an early 7–0 lead. The Browns countered on their next drive, marching 75 yards to score on an 11-yard touchdown pass from rookie Cody Kessler to Andrew Hawkins. The Patriots answered right back, aided by a 36-yard dump-off pass to James White, in a 75-yard drive ending with Brady's 7-yard touchdown pass to Bennett, retaking the lead 14–7. On the second play of the Browns' next drive, Kessler fumbled the snap and kicked the ball out of the end zone for a safety, extending the Patriots' lead to 16–7. Edelman returned the ensuing free kick 9 yards to the Patriots' 36. Aided by a 43-yard pass to Hogan, Brady found Bennett again, capping off the 8-play, 64-yard drive with a 5-yard touchdown pass, widening the lead to 23–7. Charlie Whitehurst took over for an injured Kessler on the next drive, but the Browns went nowhere and punted. The Patriots seemed poised to widen their lead on their next drive, racing all the way to the Browns' 1-yard line, but Blount couldn't get in on 3rd or 4th down, and the Patriots turned the ball over on downs. Three possessions later, the Patriots reached the Browns' 32, but Gostkowski missed a 50-yard field goal attempt wide right. The Browns ran out the rest of the clock, and the Patriots held their 23–7 lead going into halftime. The Patriots started the second half like the first, racing 75 yards in 8 plays, with Brady hitting Bennett for a 37-yard touchdown, Bennett's third touchdown catch of the game, increasing the lead to 30–7. The Browns drove to the Patriots' 39 on their ensuing possession, but Whitehurst was intercepted by Patrick Chung, who returned it 4 yards to the Patriots' 34. Three possessions later, the Browns raced 80 yards in just 7 plays, with Whitehurst throwing a 17-yard touchdown pass to Connor Hamlett, trimming the deficit to 30–13, but the two-point conversion attempt failed, keeping the deficit at three scores. The Patriots answered right back, advancing to the Browns 13, but had to settle for a 31-yard Gostkowski field goal, extending the lead to 33–13. Terrelle Pryor took over for Whitehurst midway through the Browns' next possession, but the Browns turned the ball over on downs. Both teams took turns running out the rest of the clock, and the Patriots went to 4–1.


title: 2016 New England Patriots season

text: The Patriots faced the Bengals at home, their first meeting with Cincinnati since the "We're on to Cincinnati" game that marked the turning point in a Super Bowl-winning season two years earlier.


title: 2016 New England Patriots season

text: The Patriots took the opening kickoff and marched 47 yards in 8 plays, with placekicker Stephen Gostkowski hitting a 46-yard field goal for an early 3–0 lead. The Bengals moved the ball well, reaching midfield, but couldn't get any further and punted. The Patriots once again drove into Cincinnati territory on their next drive, but were forced to punt. The Bengals then gained 89 yards in just under 9 minutes, but the Patriots' defense made a goal-line stand to keep the Bengals scoreless. On 3rd-and-8 from the Patriots 38, Andy Dalton connected with running back Giovani Bernard for a 32-yard gain to the Patriots' 6. On 1st-and-goal, Bernard gained 5 yards to the Patriots' 1. On 2nd-and-goal, Bernard was stuffed on for no gain. On 3rd-and-goal, Dalton threw an incomplete pass, bringing up 4th-and-goal at the 1. The Patriots stuffed Bernard for no gain, causing a turnover on downs. The Patriots couldn't capitalize and were forced to punt. The Bengals raced 60 yards in just 7 plays, scoring on a 2-yard touchdown run by Dalton. The Patriots countered, charging 75 yards in just 8 plays, culminating with Brady's 15-yard touchdown pass to running back James White. The Patriots led 10–7 at the halfway point.


title: 2016 New England Patriots season

text: The Bengals took the opening possession of the second half and rushed 80 yards in 9 plays, ending with Dalton throwing a five-yard touchdown pass to former Patriot Brandon LaFell, giving Cincinnati a 14–10 lead. The Patriots punted on their next drive, but three plays after penning the Bengals at their own 16, Dont'a Hightower burst through the middle on a blitz and sacked Dalton for a safety. Now trailing 14–12, the Patriots embarked on a 68-yard drive, with Brady throwing for every yard, that ended in a 4-yard touchdown reception by Rob Gronkowski, putting the Patriots ahead 19–14 late in the third quarter. After a Bengals three-and-out, the Patriots began to take over. Starting at their own 47, the Patriots went on a quick four-play, 53-yard drive, with Brady finding White again on a 4-yard touchdown pass. Gostkowski missed the extra point for the second consecutive game, but the Patriots led 25–14. With a 38-yard completion to Gronkowski on that drive, Brady completed his 5,000th pass; the completion put Brady fourth in all-time quarterback completions while Gronkowski also reached the 22nd game with at least 100 receiving yards in his career, tying Jackie Smith for third all-time by a tight end. The Bengals responded by driving 68 yards to the Patriots' 7, but settled for a 25-yard field goal by Mike Nugent, shrinking the deficit to just one score at 25-17 early in the fourth quarter. The Patriots countered again by slowly advancing 62 yards in over six minutes with a 31-yard Gostkowski field goal, widening the lead to 28–17. The Patriots' defense forced the Bengals to punt again on their next drive, with Julian Edelman returning 23 yards to midfield. The Patriots put the game away with a 9-play, 50-yard drive, scoring on running back LeGarrette Blount's three-yard touchdown run. Two plays later the game was over.


title: 2016 New England Patriots season

text: In the game at Heinz Field, the Patriots faced off against the Pittsburgh Steelers, who started backup quarterback Landry Jones in place of Ben Roethlisberger, was out with a knee injury.


title: 2016 New England Patriots season

text: On the Patriots' first offensive play following a Steelers three-and-out, Tom Brady hit Chris Hogan for a 12-yard gain, but Hogan was stripped by Jarvis Jones, who recovered the ball at the Patriots' 45. The Steelers drove to the Patriots' 16, but on 3rd-and-6, Jones was intercepted in the end zone by Malcolm Butler on a pass intended for Antonio Brown. Taking over at their own 20, the Patriots went on an 80-yard, 13-play drive, with Brady finding James White on a 19-yard touchdown pass. After the Steelers went three-and-out again, the Patriots marched 84 more yards, scoring on LeGarrette Blount's 3-yard touchdown four minutes into the second quarter, increasing the Patriots' lead to 14–0. On the Steelers' next drive, Brown's 51-yard catch was the key play leading up to a 14-yard touchdown catch by Darrius Heyward-Bey. With the score 14–7, a bad punt by Ryan Allen gave the Steelers the ball at their 47. Six plays later, Jones hit Heyward-Bey for a 14-yard touchdown, but the play was nullified by a holding penalty on Chris Hubbard. On the next play, Jones threw an incompletion and then Chris Boswell missed a 42-yard field goal. The Patriots reached midfield on their next drive, but were forced to punt. Allen seemingly pinned the Steelers at their own 6, but Pittsburgh challenged that the ball had entered the end zone. The ruling was reversed, giving the Steelers the ball at the 20. With the better field position, the Steelers drove 66 yards to the Patriots' 14, where Boswell kicked a 32-yard field goal to close the score to 14–10 at halftime.


title: 2016 New England Patriots season

text: In the second half, following a Patriots three-and-out, the Steelers drove to the Patriots' 28 and Boswell made a 46-yard field goal, trimming the score to 14–13. The Patriots countered with a 75-yard, 5-play drive ending with a 36-yard touchdown pass from Brady to Rob Gronkowski, increasing the lead to 20–13, but Stephen Gostkowski missed his second extra point of the season. Justin Gilbert returned the ensuing kickoff 32 yards to the Steelers' 42. Aided by the good field position, Pittsburgh drove 42 yards to the Patriots' 26, and Boswell kicked a 44-yard field goal that trimmed the score to 20–16 on the third play of the fourth quarter. The Patriots countered again with a 75-yard drive and 5-yard touchdown run by Blount, increasing the lead to 27–16. The Steelers were forced to punt on their next drive, but Edelman fumbled and the Steelers recovered at the Patriots' 43. The Steelers reached the 36, but Boswell missed a 54-yard field goal, keeping the Patriots ahead 27–16. Later in the fourth quarter, the Steelers drove to the Patriots' 45 but turned the ball over on downs after Jones threw an incomplete pass on 4th-and-11. Brady took a knee and the Patriots won the game.


title: 2016 New England Patriots season

text: In a rematch of their only loss so far this season, the Patriots faced the Buffalo Bills in a road game.


title: 2016 New England Patriots season

text: After taking the opening kick, the Bills raced 70 yards all the way to the Patriots 5, but the Patriots defense kept Buffalo out of the end zone, forcing them to kick a 23-yard field goal. On the ensuing kickoff, Walt Powell forced Matthew Slater to fumble, but Shea McClellin recovered for the Patriots at their own 30. The Patriots drained over half of the remainder of the first quarter, going 70 yards to score on a 9-yard touchdown pass from Brady to Amendola. After a Bills three-and-out, the Patriots were given good field at the Bills 45. An offensive pass interference penalty on Amendola moved the ball back to the Patriots 45, but a holding penalty on Robert Blanton of the Bills moved the ball to mid field. A two-yard run by Blount and incomplete pass brought up a 3rd-and-8 from the Bills 48, and Brady hit Edelman with a 47-yard bomb to the 1-yard line, but the gain was nullified on an ineligible man downfield penalty on Marcus Cannon moving the ball back to the Patriots 47. Then Brady hit Hogan on a 53-yard touchdown bomb, increasing the lead to 14–3. Four possessions later, the Bills raced 59 yards in just 5 plays, scoring on a Mike Gillislee 3-yard touchdown rush. After Amendola returned the ball 24 yards to the Patriots 21, the Patriots countered, using just four plays and Brady found Gronkowski on a 53-yard touchdown, increasing the lead to 21–10. The Bills raced 44 yards in 11 plays to the Patriots 31 on their ensuing possession, but Carpenter missed a 49-yard field goal after it hit the upright. Taking over at their own 39, a 6-yard pass to White, a 15-yard pass to Amendola, and a 7-yard pass to Edelman led the Patriot to Bills 33 and Gostkowski kicked a 51-yard field goal, giving the Patriots a 24–10 lead at halftime. Amendola kicked off the second half with fireworks, returning the kick 73 yards to the Bills 24. Two plays later, Brady hit Edelman for a 12-yard touchdown pass, extending the lead to 31–10. The Bills didn't quit, though, using a marathon 75-yard, six minute drive, concluding with Taylor splitting the defense for a 26-yard touchdown run, making it a game again with a 31–17 score. The Patriots countered right back, engineering an 11-play, 75-yard drive with LeGarrette Blount chalking up a 1-yard touchdown run, increasing the lead to 38-17 late in the third quarter. Using Reggie Bush 35 yard kick return, the Bills drove 50 yards to the Patriots 10 in just 4 plays, but on the first play of the fourth quarter, a Taylor pass bounced off the fingertips of Charles Clay and the Bills turned the ball over on downs. The Patriots put the game away on their next drive, marching 76-yards in 13 plays, taking 7:49 off the clock, with Gostkowski adding a 32-yard field goal, giving the Patriots a 41–17 lead with just 7:06 remaining in the game. The Bills drove 52 yards to the Patriots 32 on their next drive, but turned the ball over on downs when Robert Woods was tackled 1-yard short of the first down by Malcolm Butler. The Bills forced a Patriots punt and raced 66 yards in 6 plays, scoring a touchdown on a 1-yard touchdown run by Jonathan Williams with a two-point conversion on a two-yard pass from backup quarterback EJ Manuel to Nick O'Leary trimming the score to 41–25, but only 0:30 remained. After recovering the onside kick, the Patriots took a knee to win the game.


title: 2016 New England Patriots season

text: Brady was 22/33 for 315 yards and had four touchdown passes to four different receivers (Danny Amendola, Chris Hogan, Rob Gronkowski and Julian Edelman); LeGarrette Blount added a running touchdown and Stephen Gostkowski a field goal. Heading into their bye week, the Patriots improved to 7–1, the best record in the league.


title: 2016 New England Patriots season

text: Coming off of their Week 9 bye, the Patriots hosted the Seattle Seahawks on Sunday Night Football in a rematch of Super Bowl XLIX.


title: 2016 New England Patriots season

text: The Patriots marched 75 yards in 9 plays on their first drive of the game, with LeGarrette Blount scoring on a 1-yard touchdown run. Placekicker Stephen Gostkowski's kick went out of bounds, giving Seattle the ball at their own 40. The Seahawks reached the Patriots 8-yard line, but the Patriots red zone defense held them to a 26-yard field goal by placekicker Steven Hauschka and the score was 7–3. After a Patriots three-and-out, the Seahawks drove 66 yards in 10 plays, reaching the Patriots 13, but once again the Patriots kept them out of the end zone, and Hauschka kicked a 31-yard field goal, trimming the deficit to 7–6. After another Patriots three-and-out, the Seahawks 65 yards in 10 plays, this time reaching the end zone on quarterback Russell Wilson's 6-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Doug Baldwin, but the PAT was blocked, keeping the score 12–7. On the second play of the Patriots next drive, Gronkowski seemed to fumble after being hit hard by safety Earl Thomas, but replay overturned it. Two plays later, cornerback DeShawn Shead intercepted quarterback Tom Brady at the Seattle 22 and returned it 2 yards to the Seahawks 24. The Patriots forced Seattle to punt, then marched 81 yards in 11 plays, scoring on Blount's 1-yard touchdown run with 1:05 remaining in the first half. However, 1:05 was too much time for Seattle as they raced 75 yards in under a minute, with Wilson finding Baldwin wide open in the end zone for an 18-yard touchdown, giving Seattle a 19–14 lead at halftime. After a Seahawks three-and-out, the Patriots had their way with Seattle on 10 play, 91-yard drive, scoring on Blount's 13-yard touchdown run, re-taking the lead, 21–19. Seattle countered with a long drive of their own, advancing 52 yards in 9 plays, taking a 22–21 lead on Hauschka's 41-yard field goal. The Patriots countered Seattle's field goal with one of their own, marching 63 yards in 10 plays, reaching the Seattle, but the Seahawks clamped down, and drove the Patriots back to the 12 and forced them to settle for Gostkowski's 30-yard field goal, retaking the lead 24–22. Seattle countered as well, racing 58 yards in 8 plays, reaching the New England 5, but the Patriots red zone defense once more kept them out of the end zone, and Hauschka was good from 23 yards away, his fourth, retaking the lead for Seattle, 25–24. Kickoff returner Cyrus Jones fumbled the kick return, but safety Nate Ebner recovered, but two plays later, after a 5-yard gain, safety Kam Chancellor forced wide receiver Julian Edelman to fumble, with Richard Sherman returning the ball 14-yards to the Patriots 48. Eight plays later, Wilson capped off the 48-yard drive with his touchdown pass to Baldwin, with a failed two point conversion, keeping the Patriots in the game 31–24. Facing a 3rd-and-10 at their own 46, Brady hit Edelman on a 30-yard bomb to the Seahawks 24. After a 4-yard loss by Blount, Brady hit Gronkowski on a 26-yard bomb to the Seahawks 2. Very close to the end zone, Brady gained 1-yard on the sneak attempt. But on the very next play, Blount was stuffed for no gain, bringing up 3rd-and-Goal at the 1. Brady tried to sneak again, but fumbled and recovered at the Seahawks 2. On 4th-and-Goal Gronkowski couldn't catch a pass from Brady and the Patriots turned it over on downs. The Seahawks ran out the final seconds and won the game.


title: 2016 New England Patriots season

text: The Patriots dropped to a record of 7–2, but still maintained first place in the AFC East. This was their last loss of the season. The Seahawks improved to a record of 6–2–1.


title: 2016 New England Patriots season

text: After a disappointing loss to Seattle the Patriots traveled to Santa Clara, California to face Tom Brady's childhood team, the San Francisco 49ers, who were on an eight-game losing streak. This was also the first time Brady played the 49ers in San Francisco, as he missed the Patriots' trip to Candlestick Park in 2008 as a result of an injury.