title: Laganja Estranja

text: In 2016, Laganja's Dance School, an international high-heels masterclass and confidence workshop, was founded with partner Kristen Lovell. The master class has been held in dozens of cities in the United States and as an international experience, has traveled to Manchester, Nottingham, London, Newcastle, Dublin, Lima, Mexico City, and Amsterdam. Laganja's Dance School is held weekly at The Basement Center of NoHo in North Hollywood, and a beginning Heels Technique class is held at Downtown Dance and Movement in Downtown Los Angeles. In 2019, the documentary "Laganja's Dance School" was released. The documentary was directed by Selene Kapsaski and chronicles Laganja Estranja teaching a dance class in London.


title: Laganja Estranja

text: Laganja spoke out against Donald Trump while the latter was running for president of the United States, and is committed to continuing to use her platform for social change. In 2021, she came out as a transgender woman.


title: Gameplay

text: Gameplay is the specific way in which players interact with a game, and in particular with video games. Gameplay is the pattern defined through the game rules, connection between player and the game, challenges and overcoming them, plot and player's connection with it. Video game gameplay is distinct from graphics and audio elements. In card games, the equivalent term is play.


title: Gameplay

text: Arising alongside video game development in the 1980s, the term "gameplay" was used solely within the context of video games, though now its popularity has begun to see use in the description of other, more traditional, game forms. Generally, gameplay is considered the overall experience of playing a video game, excluding factors like graphics and sound. Game mechanics, on the other hand, is the sets of rules in a game that are intended to produce an enjoyable gaming experience. Academic discussions tend to favor "game mechanics" specifically to avoid "gameplay" since the latter is too vague. The word is sometimes misapplied to card games where, however, the usual term is "play" and refers to the way the cards are played out in accordance with the rules (as opposed to other aspects such as dealing or bidding).


title: Gameplay

text: There are three components to gameplay: "Manipulation rules", defining what the player can do in the game, "Goal Rules", defining the goal of the game, and "Metarules", defining how a game can be tuned or modified. In video games gameplay can be divided into several types. For example, "cooperative gameplay" involves two or more players playing on a team. Another example is "twitch gameplay" which is based around testing a player's reaction times and precision, maybe in rhythm games or first-person shooters. Various gameplay types are listed below.


title: Gameplay

text: The term "gameplay" can be quite ambiguous to define; thus, it has been differently defined by different authors.


title: Gameplay

text: Playability is the ease by which the game can be played or the quantity or duration that a game can be played and is a common measure of the quality of gameplay. Playability evaluative methods target games to improve design while player experience evaluative methods target players to improve gaming." This is not to be confused with the ability to control (or play) characters in multi-character games such as role playing games or fighting games, or factions in real-time strategy games.


title: Gameplay

text: Playability is defined as a set of properties that describe the Player Experience using a specific game system whose main objective is to provide enjoyment and entertainment by being credible and satisfying when the player plays alone or in the company of others. Playability is characterized by different attributes and properties to measure the video game player experience.


title: Gameplay

text: The playability analysis is a very complex process due to the different point of view to analyze the different part of video game architecture. Each facet allows us to identify the different playability's attributes and properties affected by the different elements of video game architecture. The playability's facets are:


title: Gameplay

text: Finally, a video game's "global" playability will be deduced through each attribute value in the different playability's facets. It is crucial to improve the playability in the different facets to guarantee the best player experience when the player plays the video game.


title: Entelodont

text: Entelodontidae, the entelodonts, are an extinct family of pig-like artiodactyls (even-toed ungulates) which inhabited the Northern Hemisphere (Asia, Europe, and North America) from the late Eocene to the Middle Miocene epochs, about 38-19 million years ago. Their large heads, low snouts, narrow gait, and proposed omnivorous diet inspires comparisons to suids (true pigs) and tayassuids (peccaries), and historically they have been considered closely related to these families purely on a morphological basis. However, studies which combine morphological and molecular (genetic) data on artiodactyls instead suggest that entelodonts are cetancodontamorphs, more closely related to hippos and cetaceans than to pigs or other ungulates.


title: Entelodont

text: Entelodonts could get quite large, and in many cases are the largest mammals in their respective ecosystems. The largest entelodont known from a complete skeleton was "Daeodon", a North American entelodont which could reach an estimated weight of 750 kg (1650 pounds), and a height up to tall at the shoulder. "Paraentelodon intermedium", a Eurasian species known mostly by the teeth and jaws, was similar in size to "Daeodon".


title: Entelodont

text: Entelodonts had huge heads, ornamented with distinctive bony expansions. The zygomatic arches (cheekbones) develop huge jugal flanges which project downwards and outwards. Moreover, the underside of the lower jaw typically has one or two pairs of knob-like mandibular tubercles. These are not always diagnostic to specific taxa: often the size and presence of tubercles is variable within a single species.


title: Entelodont

text: The snout was narrow and elongated, especially in later species. The cranium was robust, with strong zygomatic and postorbital arches forming the rim of voluminous temporal fossae, separated by a sharp sagittal crest. However, the rear of the skull was also much shorter than the snout, and the braincase was relatively small. Most of the braincase contributed to large paranasal sinuses and olfactory bulbs at the front, while the cerebrum was underdeveloped. Large olfactory bulbs are likely indicative of a good sense of smell. Moreover, the orbits (eye sockets) are oriented further forwards than in most artiodactyls, suggesting that entelodonts had binocular vision. Compared to other artiodactyls, the jaw was slender at the rear, with a short, triangular coronoid process which is shifted forwards. The mandibular condyle (jaw joint) is set back and below the level of the tooth row. The mandibular symphysis (chin) was fused, and the pterygoid bones along the middle of the roof of the mouth were connected by a strong interdigitating suture.


title: Entelodont

text: Similar to pigs, entelodonts retain a large number of teeth, a plesiomorphic trait approximating the ancestral condition for artiodactyls. They have a typical mammalian dental formula of 3.1.4.3 / 3.1.4.3, meaning that each tooth row has three pairs of robust incisors, a pair of large canines, four pairs of pointed premolars, and three pairs of relatively simple and flat molars. This unreduced, or "complete" dentition is the origin of the family's name, which is Greek for "complete teeth".


title: Entelodont

text: The incisors are closely packed but do not develop a distinct straight chopping surface. They range from chisel-shaped in some entelodonts ("Archaeotherium") to massive and rounded in others ("Daeodon"). The canines have thick enamel and are circular in cross section, unlike most artiodactyls. In older individuals, the tip of the upper canine often heavily worn or even chipped off. Premolars are triangular when seen from the side, with a large and conical main cusp. They are elongated from front-to-back and widely-spaced, taking up a large portion of the tooth row. The molar teeth are bunodont, with very low and rounded cusps rather than shearing surfaces. Bunodont teeth are common in other omnivorous mammals, including pigs, bears, and humans. The upper molars have up to six cusps and a low crest (a precingulum) on the front edge of the crown. The lower molars have only four main cusps (except in "Proentelodon"); the front two cusps (the metaconid and protoconid) may be connected by a horizontal crest and are slightly larger than the rear two cusps.


title: Entelodont

text: The skeleton is fairly unspecialized in entelodonts. They retain typical artiodactyl skeletal traits such as a double-pulley ankle joint and paraxonic ("even toed") feet with weight split evenly between the two middle toes. They had four toes in total, with the middle two forming small, pointed cloven hooves, while the remaining two were vestigial and likely not externally visible. In larger species, a bison-like spinal hump supported the weight of the heavy head. The limbs were long, and the radius and ulna were fused. Though not fused, the metatarsals (raised foot bones) were long and closely packed. The limb and hoof proportions are consistent with other hoofed animals that run well on open ground but are not built for high speed.


title: Entelodont

text: The wide and tall temporal fossa allowed for a very large "temporalis" muscle, which extends from the side of the cranium to the coronoid process of the mandible. The "temporalis" was not only large and strong, but also had a long moment arm (and thus higher torque) due to the coronoid process shifting forwards. The reinforced pterygoid, zygomatic, and postorbital areas would have supported the forces generated by the "temporalis". The size and orientation of the "temporalis" is similar to carnivorans, where it corresponds to a strong and stable scissor-like (orthal) bite.


title: Entelodont

text: Though the low jaw joint provided more room for the "temporalis" muscle, it also posed a problem for the "masseter" muscle. The "masseter", which extends from the zygomatic arch to the lower rear corner of the mandible, is a major component of the chewing apparatus in herbivorous artiodactyls. While other artiodactyls added torque to the muscle by raising the jaw joint, entelodonts instead expanded the rear of the jaw downwards, as a deep, curved flange. Moreover, the characteristic jugal flanges of entelodonts were covered with muscle scars on the inside, likely attachment points to strengthen the "masseter". Only a few modern mammals have overdeveloped projections on the zygomatic arch, including xenarthrans, kangaroos, and certain rodents. Like entelodonts, these mammals use their equivalent projections as a means of providing extra space for the attachment of the "masseter" muscle, and develop robust cranial bars to resist the resulting forces on the skull. The "pterygoideus" muscle, which follows a similar path and function to the masseter, also benefited from the deep flange at the back of the jaw.


title: Entelodont

text: The function of the mandibular tubercles is not certain, but they may also be related to jaw musculature. They are only clearly correlated with the size of the individual, though a few taxa ("Brachyhyops" and "Cypretherium") can be diagnosed by the absence of a specific pair of mandibular tubercles. Generally, the posterior (rear) mandibular tubercles develop later in life than the anterior (front) pair, and none of the tubercles stop growing as the animal develops. The use of the anterior tubercles is unclear; one speculative idea suggests that they served as an attachment point for strong lip muscles in particularly herbivorous entelodonts. The posterior tubercles may provide a link to the "digastricus" muscle which helps to open the jaws. Hippos, which have a particularly complex and well-developed "digastricus", occasionally develop a tubercle to support the "digastricus" in an equivalent area on the jaw.


title: Entelodont

text: The jaw joint of entelodonts was likely more strongly connected than the loose jaws of most other artiodactyls. The mandibular condyle was convex and inserted into a strongly concave facet (glenoid) on the zygomatic arch, which would have restricted front-to-back (propalinal) jaw movement. Nevertheless, the structure of the mandibular condyle itself allowed for a wide range of movement, and the laterally bowed zygomatic arch provided some room for side-to-side (transverse) movement driven by the "masseter" and "pterygoideus". The low, unconstrained jaw joint and short coronoid process may correspond to long muscle fibers. This points to a hinge-like jaw suspension with a very wide gape, similar to some modern carnivorans such as felids (cats). Based on the shape of the mandibular condyle, the maximum gape possible based on the underlying bones (though not necessarily the widest gape possible in life) was about 109 degrees in "Archaeotherium".


title: Entelodont

text: Wear facets on entelodont teeth support three-part food processing. First, the incisors and canines bite in a strong orthal motion, grabbing and puncturing food. Then, the food is transferred back to the premolars, which breaks apart tough parts of the food with similar movements. Finally, the food is crushed and ground up by the molars, using a combination of orthal and transverse grinding. This same basic process is seen in modern pigs and peccaries, which have similar dentition. Individuals may have preferred one side of the jaw for chewing, as premolars and molars often show an asymmetrical distribution of wear between the left and right sides of the mouth.


title: Entelodont

text: By comparison to pigs and peccaries, entelodonts were almost certainly omnivorous to an extent. Their teeth and jaw structure would have assisted processing of large and tough food items. Unlike the diverse and fully herbivorous pecoran artiodactyls, entelodonts lack specializations for chopping and shredding grass and other particularly fibrous plants. Instead, entelodonts were probably browsers, with roots, nuts, fruits, and branches as their preferred sources of vegetation. The same adaptations useful for processing tough plant material would be equally useful for carrion and bones, which also could have been major components of entelodont diets. Unlike pigs, the youngest juvenile entelodonts had a full set of 32 deciduous teeth. The teeth were sharp, slender, and semi-serrated, less suitable for crushing tough food compared to adult entelodonts.


title: Entelodont

text: In many entelodonts, the canine teeth acquire rounded wear surfaces at their tips, indicating regular use on hard material such as bones. Similar patterns of canine wear are observed in modern cats, which rely on strong bites administered through their canine teeth when killing prey. In some species the bases of the canines are scoured by smooth grooves, a trait consistent with abrasions from sediment-covered plant material such as roots. These grooves instead could have been produced by stripping long, fibrous vegetation, such as water-rich grape vines. "Daeodon" is known to have had a distinctive type of "piecrust" tooth wear at the tips of the premolars, with a flat dentine surface surrounded by chipped enamel. This has also been observed in living hyenas. Few contemporary mammals approached entelodonts in the extent of adaptations consistent with scavenging. Fossils with large scrapes and puncture marks are found throughout entelodont-bearing sites in the American Great Plains, including a skull of "Merycoidodon" with an embedded incisor of the entelodont "Archaeotherium".


title: Entelodont

text: Entelodonts may have engaged in active predation, though the extent of this behavior is debated. Several species of modern pigs occasionally engage in predation, and even traditional herbivores like camels show dental wear consistent with scavenging. If they did engage in predation, entelodonts would not have been alone: many other contemporary mammals filled apex predator niches, including cat-like saber-toothed nimravids, amphicyonids ("bear-dogs"), and hyaenodontid creodonts. One of the most apparent examples of circumstantial evidence for predation is a fossil found in the White River Formation of Wyoming, representing a cache of partial skeletons and other remains of the early camelid "Poebrotherium". The carcasses were covered with large punctures on the skull, neck, and the transition from the thoracic to lumbar vertebrae, which have been attributed to predation and scavenging by "Archaeotherium".


title: Entelodont

text: The jaw structure and estimated musculature hold numerous lines of evidence indicating that entelodonts could open their mouths unusually wide. This trait may have been useful in hunting or feeding on carrion, but similar adaptations have also been linked to competitive behaviors in herbivores. Hippos, a related group with similar adaptations, are aggressive herbivores which can open their jaws up to 150 degrees and display enlarged canines in order to intimidate rivals. Male hippos engage in head-to-head "yawning" and jaw-wrestling contests, while females attack by approaching from the side and slamming their head into the opponent's body. The wide gape and low skulls of entelodonts would have assisted biting competitions, which are supported by fossil evidence. Large bite marks, including healed punctures, are common on skulls of various American entelodonts. These wounds are concentrated above the sinuses, and are only found on adult specimens. One could easily draws comparisons between these bite marks and the wide range of intraspecific competition over mates or territories in modern artiodactyls. Snout biting in particular is a common competitive behavior among male camels, another group of "primitive" artiodactyls. Ribcage injuries have been attributed to intraspecies aggression in "Archaeotherium." One possible function for the anterior tubercles is as a support for toughened skin, which would have acted as a buffer or display feature during competitive behavior.


title: Entelodont

text: The earliest entelodont fossils to be named were described within a short time frame in the 1840s. The first entelodont species known from good fossils was "Entelodon magnus", a European species which was named by French paleontologist Auguste Aymard. There is some debate over when Aymard's description was first published; though most authors assumed it was written in 1846, a citation within the article suggests that it was not published until 1848. Auguste Pomel, one of Aymard's contemporaries, described another fossil as "Elotherium" around the same time. Pomel's volume was likely published in 1846 or 1847, albeit with surviving reprints dating to 1848. "Entelodon" and "Elotherium" are almost certainly synonymous, though fossils belonging to the latter name are fragmentary and have been lost, while those of the former were likely described later. Nearly all historical and modern authors prefer to use "Entelodon" for the purpose of clarity, even though it would not take priority under strict rules of nomenclature. The confusion of priority between "Entelodon" and "Elotherium" is reflected in the name of their corresponding family. Edward Richard Alston coined the name Elotheriidae in 1878, while Richard Lydekker used the name Entelodontidae in 1883. As with "Entelodon", nearly all paleontologists prefer Entelodontidae when referring to the family.


title: Entelodont

text: Following the confusion between "Entelodon" and "Elotherium", entelodont fossils continued to be discovered in Europe. Large entelodonts were also described from North America starting in 1850, though most new genera were eventually lumped into "Archaeotherium" and "Daeodon". By the beginning of the 20th century, entelodont skeletal anatomy was well-understood from the quantity of fossils discovered by that point. In 1909, a massive complete skeleton of ""Dinohyus" hollandi" (= "Daeodon"), CM 1594, was described and put on display at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History. As the 20th century continued, Asian entelodonts were discovered ("Eoentelodon", "Paraentelodon"), as well as some of the earliest known members of the family ("Eoentelodon", "Brachyhyops").


title: Entelodont

text: The first described entelodonts were described in conjunction with Richard Owen's recognition of the artiodactyls as a natural group. The earliest sources considered entelodonts to be true pigs, but as further fossils were discovered, it became clear that they had a long evolutionary history separate from pigs. Regardless, entelodonts were universally accepted as examples of "primitive" artiodactyls, with unspecialized bunodont teeth in contrast with the strong adaptations for herbivory present in the more "advanced" ruminants. Various names were erected to encompass living and extinct bunodont-toothed and non-ruminant artiodactyls, such as "Omnivoria" (Owens, 1858), "Bunodontia" (Lydekker, 1883) and "Nonruminantia" (Gregory, 1910).


title: Entelodont

text: Some authors considered entelodonts to be too "primitive" for comparison to modern bunodont artiodactyls. In these studies, entelodonts were placed in "Palaeodonta", a group shared with various other extinct families. Choeropotamids, cebochoerids, and helohyids were frequently associated with entelodonts, sometimes even as potential ancestors. Later, the superfamily Entelodontoidea was named to encompass Entelodontidae and their supposed closest extinct relatives. In modern studies, Entelodontidae is generally considered the only family within Entelodontoidea.


title: Entelodont

text: Many studies argued that entelodonts had close relations to living pigs, peccaries, and hippos. Various groups have been developed and named in reference to a pig-like anatomy, with names such as Suina (Gray, 1868) and Suiformes (Jaeckel, 1911) being emplaced in varying contexts. A restricted definition of Suina is still in use, as a major artiodactyl suborder encompassing Tayassuidae (peccaries) and Suidae (pigs). Early cladistic analyses of artiodactyls placed Entelodontidae as the sister taxon to a Tayassuidae + Suidae clade. This seemed to justify the frequent comparisons between entelodonts and pigs.


title: Entelodont

text: While entelodonts have long been classified as members of the Suina, Spaulding et al. have found them to be closer to whales and hippos than to pigs. Cladistic analysis of the position of whales in relation to artiodactyls and mesonychians changes radically depending on whether the giant enigmatic mammal "Andrewsarchus" is included, and it has been suggested that "Andrewsarchus" is in fact an entelodont or close relative.


title: Entelodont

text: Many former genera of entelodonts have been synonymized. For example, some authors have synonymized "Dinohyus" with "Daeodon shoshonensis", a species described from fragmentary material by Cope.


title: Entelodont

text: Entelodonts appear in the third episode of the popular BBC documentary "Walking with Beasts", where, in the program, the narrator always refers to the creatures as "entelodonts" rather than a more specific genus, such as "Entelodon". The same creatures appear in another BBC production, the 2001 remake of "The Lost World".


title: Entelodont

text: Entelodonts were also the main focus of episode 4 of National Geographic Channel's show "Prehistoric Predators" in an episode titled "Killer Pig". The episode featured a number of claims unproven or disproven by science, such as "Archaeotherium" (identified as "entelodont") being the top predator of the American Badlands, and evolving directly into the even larger "Daeodon" (called "Dinohyus" in the episode).


title: Camael

text: Camael, ( "Ḥammūʾēl, ""God has warmed") also spelled Chamuel, Khamuel, Camiel, Cameel and Camniel, is the archangel of strength, courage and war in Jewish and Christian angelology.


title: Camael

text: According to poet Gustav Davidson's popular work "A Dictionary of Angels, Including the Fallen Angels" (1967), he is known as one of the twelve Kabbalah angels, assigned to the sephira Gevurah, alongside the planet Mars. Camael's name is also included in Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite's 5th or 6th century as one of the Seven Archangels along with Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, Uriel, Jophiel, and Zadkiel. He is claimed to be the leader of the forces that expelled Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden holding a flaming sword. However, in iconography he is often depicted holding a cup.


title: Camael

text: Camael was excluded from the Holy See's list of named angels mentioned in the Bible in the Directory of Public Piety (2002). A cult of veneration is thus excluded for Catholics.


title: Five Star

text: Five Star (also styled as 5 Star) are a British pop group, formed in 1983 and comprising siblings Stedman, Lorraine, Denise, Doris and Delroy Pearson. Between 1985 and 1988, Five Star had four top 20 albums and 15 top 40 singles in the UK, including the top 10 hits "System Addict" (1986), "Can't Wait Another Minute" (1986), "Find the Time" (1986), "Rain or Shine" (1986), "Stay Out of My Life" (1987) and "The Slightest Touch" (1987). They won the 1987 Brit Award for Best British Group.


title: Five Star

text: The five-piece group of siblings from Romford were masterminded by their father and manager, Buster Pearson, who modelled them in the style of the Jackson 5. He was a former recording artist and session musician who had worked with Wilson Pickett and had set up Tent Records Ltd in 1982. Their debut single was released on Tent in 1983 and although it did not chart, it gave them TV exposure and a record deal with RCA Records (with future releases being joint Tent/RCA releases). After two unsuccessful singles in 1984, their chart breakthrough came in 1985 with the release of "All Fall Down" which peaked at No. 15 on the UK Singles Chart, and No. 65 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 in the US, where it also reached the top 20 (No. 16) on the Hot R&B Singles chart and the top 10 (No. 6) on the Hot Dance/Disco chart.


title: Five Star

text: The group released their debut album, "Luxury of Life", in June 1985. It included their last three singles and was followed by the single "Let Me Be the One" which was another UK Top 20 and US Hot 100 hit, also peaking at No. 2 on the US Hot R&B chart. After another two singles in the UK in 1985 which failed to reach the top 20, the group scored their first top 10 hit in early 1986 with "System Addict", the seventh UK single from their debut album. The single peaked at No. 3 in the UK, and was certified silver. Its success also led to increased sales of the album which peaked at No. 12 on the UK Albums Chart in February 1986, and would be certified platinum in the UK later in the year. Also in 1986, the instrumental track "First Avenue" (which had been released as the B-side of "All Fall Down") was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best R&B Instrumental Performance, and a remixed version of "Love Take Over" gave them another US Hot R&B top 10 hit (reaching No. 9).


title: Five Star

text: Their first new material in 1986, the single "Can't Wait Another Minute", gave the group another top 10 hit on the UK Singles, US Hot R&B and US Hot Dance/Disco charts and also their highest-ever US Hot 100 peak, reaching No. 41. The song was used in the film "Gung Ho". After another UK top 10 hit ("Find the Time"), the group released their second album, "Silk and Steel", in August 1986. The album reached No. 1 and sold 1.2 million copies in the UK (being certified triple platinum by 1987). The single "Rain or Shine" gave the group their highest ever UK chart position, peaking at No. 2."If I Say Yes" (a UK top 20 hit) became their final entry on the US Hot 100.


title: Five Star

text: In 1987, two further singles from "Silk and Steel", "Stay Out of My Life" (penned by Denise) and "The Slightest Touch", made the UK top 10 with US-only single "Are You Man Enough?" (remixed by Shep Pettibone) making the US Hot R&B top 20. The group won the 1987 BRIT Award for Best British Group with "Silk and Steel" also nominated for Best British Album.


title: Five Star

text: At the height of their success the family bought Stone Court, a large security-gated mansion in Berkshire (featuring a built-in recording studio) from former P.M. Dawn manager Nick Hemmings, in which they all lived and worked. They also owned a fleet of supercars, including Lamborghinis and Ferraris. Their affluent lifestyle was heavily publicised in the press and on television.


title: Five Star

text: New single "Whenever You're Ready" narrowly missed the UK top 10 (peaking at No. 11) but its only placing in the US was No. 39 on the Hot R&B chart. August 1987 saw the release of their third album, "Between the Lines", which reached No. 7 in the UK and was another platinum seller, but sales did not match their previous success. The Diane Warren-penned ballad "Strong as Steel" was taken as the next single but it peaked at No. 16 in the UK and failed to chart at all in the US. The next UK single, "Somewhere Somebody" failed to reach the top 20 and no further singles were released from the album.


title: Five Star

text: In 1988, the group attempted to change their clean-cut image to a more adult-oriented "leather-clad" look, matched with a slightly harder-edged dance sound. Led by the Leon Sylvers III-produced single "Another Weekend" in the UK (which reached No. 18), their fourth album "Rock the World" met with only moderate success, and was their last top 20 album, peaking at No. 17. The album's second UK single, "Rock My World", became their last top 40 hit, and further singles from the album were unsuccessful. In the US, "Someone's in Love" was chosen as the lead single, but that and "Another Weekend" only managed minor placings on the Hot R&B chart.


title: Five Star

text: In April 1989, their new single "With Every Heartbeat" again missed the top 40, peaking at No. 49. Later that year, a "Greatest Hits" collection was released but peaked at a lowly No. 53 on the UK Albums Chart. Amid reports of bankruptcy, the family had been forced to sell their Berkshire mansion after only two years. The family then moved to Hatfield, Hertfordshire.


title: Five Star

text: While promoting "With Every Heartbeat", the group made an infamous appearance on the British children's TV show "Going Live", when, during a live phone-in, a teenage caller verbally abused them and asked why they were "so fucking crap".


title: Five Star

text: Now at loggerheads with RCA, Buster Pearson signed the group to Epic Records in 1990, and the group's fifth studio album, simply titled "Five Star", was self-produced at the family home with every track being written by the group members. Despite heavy promotion, its two singles, "Treat Me Like a Lady" and "Hot Love", failed to reach the top 40. The album itself failed to chart and a planned third single, "What About Me Baby" was shelved.


title: Five Star

text: In October 1990, Stedman Pearson pleaded guilty to a charge of public indecency, after being arrested in a public toilet in New Malden in London. Following this, the band relocated to the United States.


title: Five Star

text: After the 1991 release of their sixth album, "Shine" (which was not released at all in the UK), Epic Records dropped the group. In 1994, the group released an album independently on their father's own Tent label, "Heart and Soul", which was reissued in 1995 in the UK. Again, chart success eluded them and the group informally ended. Denise got married and had children, and Delroy went into music production.


title: Five Star

text: In 2001, a new Five Star single, "Funktafied", peaked at No. 99 on the US Hot R&B chart. However, the accompanying new album "Eclipse" was not a success and is the group's final album to date. Five Star returned to the UK in 2002, as a trio of Stedman, Denise and Lorraine, to perform on various tours, including the "Here and Now" nostalgia tour. In 2005, "System Addict" was re-recorded and re-released. Five Star were booked to perform a gig at Butlins in October 2006, in which all five members were billed. However, three impersonators were used to mime to backing tapes.


title: Five Star

text: Denise Pearson said in 2007 that she was working on solo material, resulting in the release of her debut single in 2009.


title: Five Star

text: In March 2007, Sony BMG released a compilation DVD of all the group's videos, entitled "Five Star Performance".


title: Five Star

text: For Five Star's 25th anniversary in 2008, Denise joined Stedman and backing dancers for gigs at Butlins during October and November 2008. Earlier that year, Denise stated in an interview with "The Guardian" newspaper that if she could convince sister Lorraine to join them, then all five original members of the group would like to perform one last tour together. The following year, she made her West End debut performing in "Thriller - Live" at the Lyric Theatre from January to December 2009.


title: Five Star

text: In 2010, Cherry Pop Records released expanded "Special Edition" versions of the group's first two albums "Luxury of Life" and "Silk and Steel". By 2013, they had released expanded versions of all six albums originally released on RCA and Epic (both labels now being part of Sony BMG).


title: Five Star

text: The very first song recorded by Five Star from 1983, "Problematic", was released digitally on 18 July 2011, along with a previously unreleased track called "It", which is an outtake from the "Heart and Soul" album sessions from 1994.


title: Five Star

text: All five siblings performed at the 2012 Rewind Festivals on 21 July at Scone Palace, Perth, Scotland, and on 18 August in Henley-on-Thames. The band's father and manager, Buster Pearson, died in October 2012.


title: Five Star

text: In 2013, Cherry Pop Records released "The Remix Anthology", which included 7" and 12" remixes of the singles released on RCA and Epic between 1984 and 1991 which had not already been included on the "Special Edition" album reissues. This is the first compilation to include the non-charting 1984 singles, the US-only singles from 1987–88 and the Epic singles from 1990–91.


title: Five Star

text: Five Star performed as a four piece after 2012. Delroy, Denise, Doris and Stedman performed every summer at festivals in the UK such as Rewind, Let's Rock and Lytham since Lorraine's departure.


title: Five Star

text: In 2018, Denise announced UK tour dates under the Five Star name, which, for the first time, included four supporting artists who were not her siblings. The new line-up went on to perform at numerous gigs and concerts throughout the summer. Around the same time, Lorraine Pearson conducted a live interview on "Loose Women" on UK television in which she declared that herself and Denise were no longer friends and she had been offended by the new line-up.


title: Five Star

text: 2018 also saw a limited edition deluxe re-issue of all major Five Star projects on one CD box set. Denise helped curate the collection's track list and promoted its release on her social media feed.


title: Devin Bush Jr.

text: Devin Marquese Bush Jr. (born July 18, 1998) is an American football inside linebacker for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Michigan.


title: Devin Bush Jr.

text: Bush was born in 1998. He is the son of Devin Bush, who played at the safety position in the National Football League from 1995 to 2002. Bush grew up in Pembroke Pines, Florida, where he attended Charles W. Flanagan High School and played high school football.


title: Devin Bush Jr.

text: In December 2015, Bush rejected a scholarship offer from Florida State, where his father played, and committed instead to play college football for the Michigan Wolverines football team. In February 2016, Michigan hired Bush's father as a defensive analyst for the football coaching staff.


title: Devin Bush Jr.

text: Bush enrolled at the University of Michigan in the fall of 2016. He appeared in all 13 games as a freshman for the 2016 Michigan Wolverines football team. He earned a reputation as the hardest hitting player on the Michigan team.


title: Devin Bush Jr.

text: In the season opener against Florida, he posted a team-high seven tackles, including three tackles for loss and two sacks.


title: Devin Bush Jr.

text: Two weeks later, he had a career-high 12 tackles against Air Force on September 16, 2017. Through the first three games of the season, he led the Big Ten Conference with four sacks and five tackles for loss.


title: Devin Bush Jr.

text: After Michigan defeated Purdue on September 23, Nick Baumgardner of the "Detroit Free Press" credited Bush with 13 "impact plays" in the game, rated him the best player on Michigan's defensive unit, and called him "more or less, a one-man wrecking crew."


title: Devin Bush Jr.

text: During the 2017 season, Bush was tied for seventh in the conference with 94 stops, including 35 solo tackles. His 9.5 tackles for loss include 5.0 sacks. Following the 2017 season, Bush was named to the All-Big Ten defensive first-team by the coaches, and second-team by the media. He was also named a Second-team All-American by Walter Camp Football Foundation.


title: Devin Bush Jr.

text: Prior to the 2018 season, Bush was voted captain of the Wolverines by his teammates. Bush was also named an AP preseason first-team All-American. During the opening game against Notre Dame where he had 1.5 sacks, Bush left the game during the second quarter and was evaluated for cramps.


title: Devin Bush Jr.

text: On October 20, prior to playing against Michigan State Spartans after MSU players attempted to engage in their pre-game ritual late and through Michigan players, Bush defaced the Spartan logo at midfield. During the 2018 season, Bush was the team's leading tackler with 80 stops, and he ranked second on the team in tackles for loss (9.5) and sacks (5.0). Following the season, he was named Nagurski–Woodson Defensive Player of the Year, Butkus–Fitzgerald Linebacker of the Year and was named to the All-Big Ten defensive first-team by both the coaches and media. He was also named a consensus All-American. On December 19, 2018, Bush announced that he would forgo his senior season to declare for the 2019 NFL Draft; also, that he would not play in Michigan's bowl game, the Peach Bowl.


title: Devin Bush Jr.

text: The Pittsburgh Steelers selected Bush in the first round (10th overall) of the 2019 NFL Draft. His father, Devin Bush, was also a first round (26th overall) pick in the 1995 NFL Draft.


title: Devin Bush Jr.

text: The Steelers traded their first round (20th) and second round (59th overall) picks in the 2019 NFL Draft and a third round pick (83rd overall) in the 2020 NFL Draft to Denver Broncos in exchange for the tenth overall pick which was used in order to draft Bush.


title: Devin Bush Jr.

text: On May 12, 2019, the Pittsburgh Steelers signed Bush to a fully guaranteed four-year, $18.87 million contract that includes a signing bonus of $11.74 million.


title: Devin Bush Jr.

text: Bush made his NFL debut in Week 1 against the New England Patriots. In the game, Bush made 11 tackles in the 33–3 loss. In Week 3 against the San Francisco 49ers, Bush recorded a team high 11 tackles and recovered a fumble forced by safety Minkah Fitzpatrick in the 24–20 loss. In Week 4 against the Cincinnati Bengals, Bush recorded nine tackles and made his first career sack on Andy Dalton in the 27–3 win. In Week 5 against the Baltimore Ravens, Bush recorded his first career interception off Lamar Jackson in the 26–23 loss.


title: Devin Bush Jr.

text: In Week 6 against the Los Angeles Chargers, Bush made a team high seven tackles, recovered a fumble lost by Philip Rivers which he returned for a touchdown, and recorded an interception off Rivers in the 24–17 win. Bush became the first rookie to record a fumble return for a touchdown and an interception in the same game since Chicago Bears' safety Eddie Jackson accomplished this feat in 2017. He was named the AFC Defensive Player of the Week for his performance. In Week 12 against the Cincinnati Bengals, Bush recorded four tackles and forced a fumble on wide receiver Tyler Boyd which was recovered by Minkah Fitzpatrick in the 16–10 win. In Week 17 against the Baltimore Ravens, Bush recorded a team high 12 tackles during the 28–10 loss. During the game, Bush surpassed 100 tackles on the season.


title: Devin Bush Jr.

text: Bush started the first 5 games of the 2020 season, playing every defensive snap, recording 26 total tackles as well as 16 solo tackles and a sack. Bush suffered a torn ACL in the second quarter of the week 6 game against the Cleveland Browns, and was placed on injured reserve on October 23, 2020.


title: Devin Bush Jr.

text: The Steelers declined the fifth-year option on Bush's contract on May 2, 2022, making him a free agent after the season.


title: Mislav Oršić

text: Mislav Oršić (; born 29 December 1992) is a Croatian professional footballer who plays as a left winger or attacking midfielder for Prva HNL club Dinamo Zagreb and the Croatia national team.


title: Mislav Oršić

text: Coming from the Srednjaci neighborhood of Zagreb, Oršić started practicing football at the age of 5, with NK Zagreb, however, a few months later, the club dissolved its youngest categories. His next stop was the nearby NK Trešnjevka, where his father persuaded the club to let him train, despite not having categories that At the age of 13, Oršić moved to NK Kustošija, before moving on to NK Inter Zaprešić in 2008.


title: Mislav Oršić

text: Oršić started playing for Inter Zaprešić's first team in 2009. In the 2012–13 Prva HNL season he was team's top goalscorer in with 12 goals.


title: Mislav Oršić

text: He moved to Spezia Calcio in the summer transfer window of 2013, and played 9 games for the club in the 2013–14 Serie B without scoring. The club ended up 8th in the league. He returned to Croatia and joined Rijeka for an unknown transfer fee, where he was subsequently loaned out to Slovenian club Celje from August to December of the 2014–15 season where he played 13 games and scored 2 goals, and then to South Korean club Jeonnam Dragons from February 2015 to January 2016 where he impressed with 9 goals from 33 games.


title: Mislav Oršić

text: Jeonnam eventually signed him for €750,000 in the January transfer window of 2016. He did not play a single game for Rijeka. He registered his name as "Orša" (or in Revised Romanization of Korean, "Oreusya") with the K League, because South Korean players had difficulty pronouncing his name.


title: Mislav Oršić

text: Oršić spent another half a year at Jeonnam, where he played a further 16 games and scored 5 goals. He was sold to Changchun Yatai for €1.3 million, and he played for the remainder of 2016 in the Chinese Super League, scoring twice in 14 games. He returned to the K League in January 2017, signing for Ulsan Hyundai at the price of €935,000. He played for Ulsan for one and a half years, during which he won a Korean FA Cup title, before returning to Croatia and signing for Dinamo Zagreb in the 2018 summer transfer window.


title: Mislav Oršić

text: On 18 September 2019, Oršić scored a hat-trick for Dinamo Zagreb against Atalanta in his 2019–20 UEFA Champions League debut. On 18 March 2021, Oršić scored a hat-trick in a 3–0 win, of which the last goal came in extra time, against Tottenham Hotspur in the Europa League Round of 16, helping his team to win 3–2 on aggregate and reach the quarter-finals for the first time in the history of the club. Furthermore, the hat-trick brought his European goal tally to 17, making him the highest scoring player in European competitions in the history of the club, surpassing club legends Igor Cvitanović and Slaven Zambata. On 9 December 2021, he scored the only goal in the 1–0 away victory over West Ham United in the Europa League group stage, sending Dinamo to the knockout round play-offs.


title: Mislav Oršić

text: On 6 September 2022, Oršić scored the first goal of the 2022–23 Champions League group stages in a famous 1–0 victory for Dinamo against Chelsea at the Maksimir. Following on from his goal against Chelsea, Oršić continued his fine form with another goal the following week against Milan, away at the San Siro. Dinamo would eventually lose the match 3–1.


title: Mislav Oršić

text: Oršić made his international debut for Croatia on 9 September 2019 in a Euro 2020 qualifying match against Azerbaijan in Baku that ended as a 1–1 draw, coming on as a substitute for Ante Rebić in the 86th minute.


title: Mislav Oršić

text: On 17 May 2021, he was selected in Zlatko Dalić's 26-man squad for the UEFA Euro 2020. At the tournament, he did not play a single minute until the knockout phase, when he was substituted on for Rebić in the 67th minute while Croatia were 3–1 down against Spain in the round of 16. He scored his debut international goal and provided Mario Pašalić with an assist to make the score 3–3; however, Spain won 5–3 after extra time.


title: Mislav Oršić

text: Oršić was selected by Zlatko Dalić and named in Croatia's 26-man squad for the World Cup on 9 November 2022. On 27 November, in the 4–1 group stage victory over Canada, Oršić provided Lovro Majer with an assist for Croatia's fourth goal. On 9 December, in the quarter-final against Brazil, Oršić provided Bruno Petković with the assist for Croatia's extra time equaliser, taking the match to a penalty shootout. Oršić would score his penalty in the shootout, the final Croatian spot-kick before Marquinhos' miss, which sent Croatia to the semi-finals for the second consecutive World Cup. Oršić then scored the winning goal in the third place play-off against Morocco, which ended 2–1.


title: Mislav Oršić

text: Oršić is married to Suzana Krajinović, with whom he has two sons. He has Suzana's name tattooed on his right arm and kisses it in dedication to her whenever he scores a goal. In addition to his native Croatian, he is fluent in English.


title: Adekunle Gold

text: Adekunle Almoruf Kosoko (born 28 January 1987), known professionally as Adekunle Gold and AG Baby, is a Nigerian Afrobeats singer and songwriter. He gained widespread attention after releasing the 2015 hit single "Sade", a highlife cover of One Direction's "Story of My Life". He signed a record deal with YBNL Nation and released his 2015 debut studio album "Gold", which debuted at number 7 on the "Billboard" World Albums chart. "Gold" was preceded by the release of three singles: "Sade", "Orente" and "Pick Up". Adekunle Gold revealed to "Nigerian Entertainment Today" that prior to signing with YBNL, he designed the label's official logo and completed other designs for Lil Kesh, Viktoh and Olamide.


title: Adekunle Gold

text: While growing up, Adekunle developed interest in music while listening to songs by King Sunny Ade and Ebenezer Obey. He became a member of his church's junior choir during his teenage years, and went on to write his first song at the age of 15. In 2014, Adekunle went solo after disbanding from a music group he formed with a friend while in school. He was dubbed the "King of Photoshop" after posting an edited photoshop image of him hugging Tiwa Savage on social media platforms. On 19 December 2014, he released "Sade", a cover of One Direction's "Story of My Life". The song rose to critical acclaim and was nominated for Best Alternative Song at The Headies 2015.


title: Adekunle Gold

text: After the release of "Sade", Adekunle released his first official single titled "Orente" through YBNL Nation after signing a music contract with the record label on 5 March 2015. He was nominated in the Most Promising Act of the Year category at the 2015 City People Entertainment Awards. On 18 July 2016, Adekunle Gold revealed the cover and track list of his debut studio album titled "Gold". The album is a 16-track project, with musical production from Pheelz, Masterkraft, B Banks, Sleekamo, Oscar and Seyikeyz. It was released on 25 July, three days before the original scheduled date of release. Upon its release, it peaked at #7 on the "Billboard" World Album Chart for the week of 13 August 2016. Moreover, it was critically reviewed by contemporary music critics. Following his departure from YBNL Nation due to the expiry of his contract, Adekunle Gold unveiled his band "The 79th Element" in reference to the atomic number of gold. On 15 January 2018, Unity Bank unveiled Adekunle Gold as their brand ambassador. Adekunle Gold Releases His Highly Anticipated Album 'Afro Pop Vol. 1'on 21 August 2020.


title: Adekunle Gold

text: On 4 February 2022, Adekunle Gold unleashed his long-awaited fourth studio album titled "Catch Me If You Can" containing 14 tracks, with guest appearances from Davido, Fatoumata Diawara, Lucky Daye, Stefflon Don, Foushee, and TY Dolla $ign.


title: Adekunle Gold

text: Furthermore, "Catch Me If You Can" album is nothing less than the best and music production credits includes: Seyifunmi, Davayo, Rymez, Lekka, TMXO, Tay Iwar, Blaise Beatz, Kali, Que Beats, and Spax.


title: Adekunle Gold

text: Adekunle married Simi in January 2019. They had been dating for five years. They had a daughter in May 2020.


title: Adekunle Gold

text: The singer was linked to accusations of infidelity with a popular video vixen, Teminikan. This was first mentioned on 21 March 2021 by a blogger known as GistLover, who posted the photo of the video vixen on the blog's Instagram page warning her to stay away from him. Screenshots also posted on the blogger's Instagram page on the same day both confirmed the blogger's accusation and implied that his wife Simi was aware of her husband's infidelities.


title: Adekunle Gold

text: On 15 July 2022, Gold announced his battle with sickle-cell diseases since childhood that inspired his newly released song titled "5 Star".


title: Atterberg limits

text: The Atterberg limits are a basic measure of the critical water contents of a fine-grained soil: its shrinkage limit, plastic limit, and liquid limit.


title: Atterberg limits

text: Depending on its water content, soil may appear in one of four states: solid, semi-solid, plastic and liquid. In each state, the consistency and behavior of soil are different, and consequently so are its engineering properties. Thus, the boundary between each state can be defined based on a change in the soil's behavior. The Atterberg limits can be used to distinguish between silt and clay and to distinguish between different types of silts and clays. The water content at which soil changes from one state to the other is known as consistency limits, or Atterberg's limit.


title: Atterberg limits

text: These limits were created by Albert Atterberg, a Swedish chemist and agronomist, in 1911. They were later refined by Arthur Casagrande, an Austrian-born American geotechnical engineer and a close collaborator of Karl Terzaghi (both pioneers of soil mechanics).


title: Atterberg limits

text: Distinctions in soils are used in assessing soil which is to have a structure built on them. Soils when wet retain water, and some expand in volume (smectite clay). The amount of expansion is related to the ability of the soil to take in water and its structural make-up (the type of minerals present: clay, silt, or sand). These tests are mainly used on clayey or silty soils since these are the soils which expand and shrink when the moisture content varies. Clays and silts interact with water and thus change sizes and have varying shear strengths. Thus these tests are used widely in the preliminary stages of designing any structure to ensure that the soil will have the correct amount of shear strength and not too much change in volume as it expands and shrinks with different moisture contents.


title: Atterberg limits

text: The shrinkage limit (SL) is the water content where further loss of moisture will not result in more volume reduction. The test to determine the shrinkage limit is ASTM International D4943. The shrinkage limit is much less commonly used than the liquid and plastic limits.


title: Atterberg limits

text: The plastic limit (PL) is determined by rolling out a thread of the fine portion of a soil on a flat, non-porous surface. The procedure is defined in ASTM Standard D 4318. If the soil is at a moisture content where its behavior is plastic, this thread will retain its shape down to a very narrow diameter. The sample can then be remolded and the test repeated. As the moisture content falls due to evaporation, the thread will begin to break apart at larger diameters.


title: Atterberg limits

text: The plastic limit is defined as the gravimetric moisture content where the thread breaks apart at a diameter of 3.2 mm (about 1/8 inch). A soil is considered non-plastic if a thread cannot be rolled out down to 3.2 mm at any moisture possible.


title: Atterberg limits

text: The liquid limit (LL) is conceptually defined as the water content at which the behavior of a clayey soil changes from the plastic state to the liquid state. However, the transition from plastic to liquid behavior is gradual over a range of water contents, and the shear strength of the soil is not actually zero at the liquid limit. The precise definition of the liquid limit is based on standard test procedures described below.


title: Atterberg limits

text: Atterberg's original liquid limit test involved mixing a pat of clay in a round-bottomed porcelain bowl of 10–12 cm diameter. A groove was cut through the pat of clay with a spatula, and the bowl was then struck many times against the palm of one hand. Casagrande subsequently standardized the apparatus (by incorporating a crank-rotated cam mechanism to standardize the dropping action) and the procedures to make the measurement more repeatable. Soil is placed into the metal cup (Casagrande cup) portion of the device and a groove is made down at its center with a standardized tool of width. The cup is repeatedly dropped 10 mm onto a hard rubber base at a rate of 120 blows per minute, during which the groove closes up gradually as a result of the impact. The number of blows for the groove to close is recorded. The moisture content at which it takes 25 drops of the cup to cause the groove to close over a distance of is defined as the liquid limit. The test is normally run at several moisture contents, and the moisture content which requires 25 blows to close the groove is interpolated from the test results. The liquid limit test is defined by ASTM standard test method D 4318. The test method also allows running the test at one moisture content where 20 to 30 blows are required to close the groove; then a correction factor is applied to obtain the liquid limit from the moisture content.


title: Atterberg limits

text: Another method for measuring the liquid limit is the fall cone test, also called the cone penetrometer test. It is based on the measurement of penetration into the soil of a standardized stainless steel cone of specific apex angle, length and mass. Although the Casagrande test is widely used across North America, the fall cone test is much more prevalent in Europe and elsewhere due to being less dependent on the operator in determining the liquid limit.


title: Atterberg limits

text: The values of these limits are used in a number of ways. There is also a close relationship between the limits and properties of a soil such as compressibility, permeability, and strength. This is thought to be very useful because as limit determination is relatively simple, it is more difficult to determine these other properties. Thus the Atterberg limits are not only used to identify the soil's classification, but it allows for the use of empirical correlations for some other engineering properties.


title: Atterberg limits

text: The plasticity index (PI) is a measure of the plasticity of a soil. The plasticity index is the size of the range of water contents where the soil exhibits plastic properties. The PI is the difference between the liquid limit and the plastic limit (PI = LL-PL). Soils with a high PI tend to be clay, those with a lower PI tend to be silt, and those with a PI of 0 (non-plastic) tend to have little or no silt or clay.


title: Atterberg limits

text: The liquidity index (LI) is used for scaling the natural water content of a soil sample to the limits. It can be calculated as a ratio of difference between natural water content, plastic limit, and liquid limit: LI=(W-PL)/(LL-PL) where W is the natural water content.


title: Atterberg limits

text: The consistency index (Ic) indicates the consistency (firmness) of a soil. It is calculated as codice_1, where W is the existing water content. Soil at the liquid limit will have a consistency index of 0, while soil at the plastic limit will have a consistency index of 1 and if W > LL, Ic is negative. That means soil is in the liquid state. More over, sum of Liquidity index and Consistency index equal to 1 (one)


title: Atterberg limits

text: The curve obtained from the graph of water content against the log of blows while determining the liquid limit lies almost on a straight line and is known as the flow curve.


title: Atterberg limits

text: The shearing strength of clay at the plastic limit is a measure of its toughness. It is the ratio of plasticity index to the flow index. It gives us an idea of the shear strength of the soil.


title: Atterberg limits

text: The activity of a soil is the ratio of plasticity index to the clay size fraction. If activity is less than 0.75, the soil is inactive. If activity exceeds 1.4 then the soil is termed as active. If activity lies within the above values then the soil is moderately active.


title: Gary Daniels

text: Gary Edward Daniels (born 9 May 1963) is an English actor, producer, martial artist, fight coordinator and former world light heavyweight kickboxing champion. Born and raised in London, England, Daniels started to take martial arts lessons at the age of eight. By his late teens, he became a competitive kickboxer. In 1980, Daniels moved to the United States to continue the sport. In 1990, he won the WKBA California State Light Heavyweight Championship and the PKA World Light Heavyweight Championship.


title: Gary Daniels

text: Daniels is also an action film leading man, starting with "Final Reprisal" (1988) and "The Secret of King Mahis Island" (1988). He followed up with "Capital Punishment" (1991), "American Streetfighter" (1992), "Deadly Target" (1994), "Fist of the North Star" (1995), "Bloodmoon" (1996), "Recoil",(1997), "Spoiler" (1998), "Misfire" (2014), "Skin Traffik" (2015), etc. He also plays supporting roles; some of these credits are "City Hunter" (1993), "The Legend of Bruce Lee" (2008), "Tekken", (2009), "The Expendables" (2010), "I Am Vengeance" (2018), "Kung Fu" (2021), etc.


title: Gary Daniels

text: Gary Daniels was born in London, England, on 9 May 1963. Daniels said that at the age of eight he was inspired to learn martial arts after seeing the trailer of the Bruce Lee film "Enter the Dragon." Following this, Daniels said he joined a kung-fu school for three to four years, after he made the switch to taekwondo where he received a black belt in his mid-teens."" He became a 2nd dan and began competing in ITF taekwondo tournaments. His aggressive style did not sit well with British officials, however, and he lost 3 fights by disqualification.


title: Gary Daniels

text: Daniels began kickboxing at the age of seventeen under the tutelage of former British Army boxing champion Mickey Byrne. He debuted in 1979, and compiled a record of 13 victories (13 knockouts) and 3 defeats. Daniels early matches in England and in the United States were amateur matches.


title: Gary Daniels

text: In 1980, Daniels decided to leave England and move to the state of Florida in the United States to continue his career.


title: Gary Daniels

text: By the late 1980s, Daniels moved to California and began practicing Muay Thai at Benny Urquidez's Jet Center and Yuki Horiuchi's Piston Kickboxing Gym. He also became a professional kickboxer.


title: Gary Daniels

text: In 1988, Daniels starred in the action films "Final Reprisal", and "The Secret of King Mahis Island". According to Daniels, a talent agent introduced him to a production company in the Philippines, with whom he made them.""


title: Gary Daniels

text: In November 1990, Daniels won the WKBA California State Light Heavyweight Championship and the PKA World Light Heavyweight Championship in England within the space of a month.


title: Gary Daniels

text: In 1991, Daniels acted in "Ring of Fire," and starred in "Capital Punishment". On 3 December in Birmingham, England, Daniels fought a 3-round, No Decision, exhibition match with 11-time World Kickboxing Champion Don "The Dragon" Wilson at the World Martial Arts Extravaganza. Daniels retired with an undefeated professional kickboxing record of 4-0-0 with 2 knockouts.


title: Gary Daniels

text: In 1992, Daniels acted in "Final Impact", "Deadly Bet," and "". Also that year, he starred in "American Streetfighter."


title: Gary Daniels

text: In 1993, Daniels acted in Wong Jing's film adaptation of "City Hunter" starring Jackie Chan. Daniels also acted in Albert Pyun's "Knights." Daniels said that he was offered the role of one of the villains in "City Hunter" while filming "Knights" in Utah, however shooting days overlapped. He went on to ask director Albert Pyun if he could finish his shooting schedule earlier to join the Jackie Chan film in Hong-Kong. Pyun accepted but had to reduce a few of his scenes and use a double. Daniels said he arrived late on the set and the introductory scene of the villains was already shot. He thinks it played to his advantage because the filmmakers edited in parallel a scene of him training and showing his physical prowess to introduce his character."" That year, he starred in "Full Impact," and co-starred with Chad McQueen in "Firepower"


title: Gary Daniels

text: In 1995, Daniels starred in "Fist of the North Star," "White Tiger", and "Rage." Also that year, Daniels acted in "Heatseeker".


title: Gary Daniels

text: In 2008, he played the role of Ed Parker in biographical mini series "The Legend of Bruce Lee". Also, Daniels made a one-fight comeback in Thailand at the age of 45 and he lost by decision after 5 rounds. That year, he acted in "Dark Secrets", "Cold Earth," and "Kiss of the Vampire."


title: Gary Daniels

text: In 2009 he acted in "La Linea," and played the character Bryan Fury in the video game adaptation "Tekken".


title: Gary Daniels

text: In 2010, Daniels played a supporting role in "The Expendables." Also in 2010, Daniels acted in "Hunt to Kill," "The Lazarus Papers," and "."


title: Gary Daniels

text: In 2012, Daniels acted in "," "The Mark", and "Santa's Summer House". That year he starred in "Forced to Fight."


title: Gary Daniels

text: In 2014, he returned to the role of Bryan Fury in "". Also that year, he played the lead in "Misfire".


title: Gary Daniels

text: Daniels studied Muay Thai, kickboxing, taekwondo, boxing, ninjitsu, and Northern Shaolin kung fu. In his films, he employs a mixed martial arts style, leading with strong, sweeping kicks and sometimes engaging in close quarters fights with complex hand to hand choreography.


title: Gary Daniels

text: Daniels said his main discipline is Siu Lum Wong Gar Kune (Shaolin Wong Family Fist), and studies with Sifu Winston Omega.""


title: Animation studio

text: An animation studio is a company producing animated media. The broadest such companies conceive of products to produce, own the physical equipment for production, employ operators for that equipment, and hold a major stake in the sales or rentals of the media produced. They also own rights over merchandising and creative rights for characters created/held by the company, much like authors holding copyrights. In some early cases, they also held patent rights over methods of animation used in certain studios that were used for boosting productivity. Overall, they are business concerns and can function as such in legal terms.


title: Animation studio

text: The idea of a studio dedicated to animating cartoons was spearheaded by Raoul Barré and his studio, Barré Studio, co-founded with Bill Nolan, beating out the studio created by J.R. Bray, Bray Productions, to the honor of the first studio dedicated to animation.


title: Animation studio

text: Though beaten to the post of being the first studio, Bray's studio employee, Earl Hurd, came up with patents designed for mass-producing the output for the studio. As Hurd did not file for these patents under his own name but handed them to Bray, they would go on to form the Bray-Hurd Patent Company and sold these techniques for royalties to other animation studios of the time. The patents for animation systems using drawings on transparent celluloid sheets and a registration system that kept images steady were held under this firm. Bray also developed the basic division of labor still used in animation studios (animators, assistants, layout artists, etc.).


title: Animation studio

text: The biggest name in animation studios during this early time was Disney Brothers Animation Studio (now known as Walt Disney Animation Studios), co-founded by Walt and Roy O. Disney. Started on October 16, 1923, the studio went on to make its first animated short, "Steamboat Willie" in 1928, to much critical success, though the real breakthrough was in 1937, when the studio was able to produce a full-length animated feature film i.e. Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, which laid the foundation for other studios to try to make full-length movies. In 1932 "Flowers and Trees", a production by Walt Disney Productions and United Artists, won the first Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film. This period, from the 1920s to the 1950s or sometimes considered from 1911 to the death of Walt Disney in 1966, is commonly known as the Golden Age of American Animation as it included the growth of Disney, as well as the rise of Warner Bros. Cartoons and the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio as prominent animation studios. Disney continued to lead in technical prowess among studios for a long time afterwards, as can be seen with their achievements. In 1941, Otto Messmer created the first animated television commercials for Botany Tie ads/weather reports. They were shown on NBC-TV in New York until 1949. This marked the first forays of animation designed for the smaller screen and was to be followed by the first animated series specifically made for television, Crusader Rabbit, in 1948. Its creator, Alex Anderson, had to create the studio 'Television Arts Productions' specifically for the purpose of creating this series as his old studio, Terrytoons, refused to make a series for television. Since Crusader Rabbit, however, many studios have seen this as a profitable enterprise and many have entered the made for television market since, with Joseph Barbera and William Hanna refining the production process for television animation on their show Ruff and Reddy. It was in 1958 that "The Huckleberry Hound Show" claimed the title of being the first all-new half-hour cartoon show. This, along with their previous success with the series "Tom and Jerry", elevated their animation studio, H.B. Enterprises (later Hanna-Barbera Productions), to dominate the North American television animation market during the latter half of the 20th century.


title: Animation studio

text: In 2002, "Shrek", produced by DreamWorks and Pacific Data Images won the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature. Since then, Disney/Pixar have produced the most number of movies either to win or be nominated for the award.


title: Animation studio

text: Though the term "direct-to-video" carries negative connotations in the North American and European markets, direct-to-video animation has seen a rise, as a concept, in the Western markets. With many comic characters receiving their versions of OVA's, original video animations, under the Westernized title of direct-to-video animations, the OVA market has spread to American animation houses. Their popularity has resulted in animated adaptations of comic characters ranging from Hellboy, Green Lantern and Avengers. Television shows such as "Family Guy" and "Futurama" also released direct-to-video animations. DC Comics have continually released their own animated movies for the sole purpose of sale in the direct-to-video market. With growing worries about piracy, direct to video animation might become more popular in the near future.


title: Animation studio

text: With the growth of animation as an industry, the trends of ownership of studios have gradually changed with time. Current studios such as Warner Bros. and early ones such as Fleischer Studios, started life as small, independent studios, being run by a very small core group. After being bought out or sold to other companies, they eventually consolidated with other studios and became larger. The drawback of this setup was that there was now a major thrust towards profitability with the management acting as a damper towards creativity of these studios, continuing even in today's scenario.


title: Animation studio

text: Currently, the independent animation studios are looking to ensure artistic integrity by signing up with big animation studios on contracts that allow them to license out movies, without being directed by the bigger studios. Examples of such co-operation are the joint ventures between DreamWorks and Paramount Pictures and that of Blue Sky Studios and 20th Century Studios.


title: Animation studio

text: On August 22, 2016, Comcast’s NBCUniversal acquired DreamWorks Animation, appointing Meledandri oversee Comcast’s Universal Animation/DreamWorks/Illumination, Disney’s Disney Animation/Pixar/20th Century Animation, & Warner Bros. Warner Bros. Animation/Warner Animation Group.


title: Animation studio

text: The first known example of Japanese animation, also called anime, is dated around 1917, but it would take until 1956 for the Japanese animation industry to successfully adopt the studio format as used in the United States. In 1961, these productions began to be aired in the USA. Toei Animation, formed in 1948, was the first Japanese animation studio of importance and saw the reduction of animators as independent anime artists.


title: Animation studio

text: After the formation of Toei Animation Co. Ltd. in 1948, the Japanese studios churned out minor works of animation. But with the release of Toei's first theatrical feature, "The Tale of the White Serpent" released in October 1958, the animation industry in Japan came into the eye of the general public.


title: Animation studio

text: The success of "Alakazam the Great" led to the finding of the artist Osamu Tezuka, who would go on to become the father of Japanese manga with his brand of modern, fast-paced fantasy storylines. He became influenced by Hanna-Barbera productions of the late 1950s and made Japan's first made for television animation studio, Mushi Productions. The success of the studios' first show in 1963, "Astro Boy", was so immense that there were 3 other television animation studios by the end of the year and Toei had opened their own made for television division. The greatest difference between Japanese studios and North American studios was the difference in adult-themed material to make way in Japan. Tezuka's thought that animation should not be restricted to kids alone has brought about many studios that are employed in the production of adult-themed adaptations of classic stories such as "Heidi" ("Heidi, Girl of the Alps"), "One Thousand and One Nights" and "The Diary of a Young Girl" and many more.


title: Animation studio

text: In the 1980s, animation studios were led back to their theatrical roots due to the success of Hayao Miyazaki's film "Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind", which led publishing house Tokuma Shoten to finance a new animation studio, Studio Ghibli, which would be used for the personal works of Miyazaki and his close friend, Isao Takahata. Many of Ghibli's works have become Japan's top-grossing theatrical films, whether in live-action or animated form.


title: Animation studio

text: The market for 'OAV's or 'Original Anime Video' later the acronym would be better known as 'OVA' meaning 'Original video animation' as the term 'OAV' could often be misunderstood for 'Original Adult Video', began in 1984. These are often tended towards the home video market, while not tending to the television or theatrical audience as such. They refer to those movies that are launched as direct-to-video releases and not meant to be released in theatres. Video productions can run from half an hour productions to well over two hours. They require that premise or story be original in order to be counted as an OVA, though sometimes, the story can be derived from a longer running manga or animated series. As the OAV market is not adapted to the rigors that are faced by television shows or feature films, they have been known to show gratuitous amounts of violence and/or pornography. Some OAV's have registered such strong acclaim that they have been remade as anime television series as well as theatrical releases.


title: Animation studio

text: Since most new OVA's are derived from other animated media, many animation studios that have previously worked on animated series or movies, and adaptations of Japanese manga, have now entered the OVA market, looking to capitalize on the popularity of their flagship shows. Studios participating in such circumstances include Production I.G and Studio Deen.


title: Animation studio

text: Although there are permanent/full-time positions in studios, most animators work on a contract basis. There are some animators that are considered to be in the core group of the studio, which can either be as a result of being there since the inception of the company or being talented recruits from other animation studios. These are the more secure positions in an animation studio, though the studio might have policies concerning the possible tenure of animators. Since studios can hire animators on a work for hire basis nowadays, many artists do not retain rights over their creations, unlike some of the early animators. The extent of these copyrights is subject to local intellectual property rights.


title: Animation studio

text: The animators must also be aware of the contracts laws and labour laws prevalent in the jurisdiction to which the animation studio is subject to. There have been numerous legal battles fought over the copyright of famous franchises, such as "Kung Fu Panda" and "SpongeBob SquarePants". This has come about as a result of the clause in Copyright contracts that states that an idea cannot be protected, only an actual piece of work can be said to be infringed upon. This means that though the animators may have forwarded ideas to the animation studios about certain characters and plots, these ideas alone cannot be protected and can lead to studios profiting on individual animator's ideas. However, this has not stopped many independent artists from filing claims to characters produced by different studios.


title: Animation studio

text: Due to the wide range of animation techniques and styles, many animation studios typically specialize in certain types.


title: Animation studio

text: Traditional animation employs the use of hand-drawn frames. Traditional animation studios have seen a decline in recent years due to the increased use of computers and some companies, such as Walt Disney Animation Studios and DreamWorks Animation, have transitioned away from traditional animation to computer-generated imagery. Nonetheless, traditional animation still is used extensively in the world of cartoons and anime. Notable studios that specialize in this style include Studio Ghibli, Nickelodeon Animation Studio, 20th Television Animation, and Cartoon Network Studios.


title: Animation studio

text: Stop-motion animation uses objects that are incrementally moved and photographed in order to create an illusion of movement when the resulting frames are played back. Notable studios specializing in this style of animation include Aardman Animations and Laika.


title: Animation studio

text: 3D animation is the newest of the animation techniques, using the assistance of computers and software, such as Houdini, to create 3D models that are then manipulated and rendered to create movement. Notable studios include Pixar Animation Studios, Blue Sky Studios and Illumination.


title: Hayden Rorke

text: William Henry Rorke (October 23, 1910 – August 19, 1987), known professionally as Hayden Rorke, was an American actor best known for playing Colonel Alfred E. Bellows on the 1960s American sitcom "I Dream of Jeannie".


title: Hayden Rorke

text: Rorke was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1910. He was the son of screen and stage actress Margaret Hayden Rorke, and he took his stage forename from her maiden name.


title: Hayden Rorke

text: Rorke attended Brooklyn Preparatory School, a Jesuit school, where he served as president of the Dramatics Society and the Student Government, and was a member of the Omega Gamma Delta Fraternity. He continued his education at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts and began his stage career in the 1930s with the Hampden Theatrical Company. During World War II, he enlisted in the United States Army, where he made his film debut in the musical "This Is the Army" starring Ronald Reagan, for which he was uncredited as the stage manager and as a soldier in the background.


title: Hayden Rorke

text: Following the war, he left the Army and worked in small parts on Broadway, returning to Hollywood for the film "Lust for Gold" (1949), again uncredited. However, it was an opening, and in later films, beginning with "Rope of Sand", he is listed in the credits, although he again shows up uncredited in the films "Kim" (1950) and "The Magnificent Yankee" (1950), as well as a couple of later films such as the Academy Award-winning "An American in Paris" (in those days, small roles were often uncredited). He played the role of crooked businessman and murderer Arne Mason in episode 90 "Word of Honor" of the television series "The Lone Ranger" in 1952. He also appeared in episode 125 entitled "The Perfect Crime" of that television series in 1953. He continued to make movies, taking on supporting roles in films. Rorke also went uncredited as Clark Kent's psychiatrist in the "Adventures of Superman" episode "The Face and the Voice".


title: Hayden Rorke

text: In 1957, Rorke played Steve, the film agent, in the television series "Mr. Adams and Eve", starring Howard Duff and Ida Lupino (then married in real life) as a fictitious acting couple residing in Beverly Hills, California.


title: Hayden Rorke

text: He played several guest roles on television, including Colonel Farnsworth in the short-lived 1964 sitcom "No Time for Sergeants", based on the Andy Griffith film of the same name, but starring Sammy Jackson. He also appeared in three episodes of "Perry Mason" between 1960 and 1963. In his first role, he played the title character, Jay Holbrook, in "The Case of the Flighty Father" and as Walter Caffrey in "The Case of the Violent Vest". Rorke also appeared in television programs such as "I Love Lucy", "The Twilight Zone", "Thriller" (where he also plays a psychologist), "Peter Gunn", "The Andy Griffith Show", "Bonanza", "Barnaby Jones", "Mister Ed", "Wonder Woman", "The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show", "The Beverly Hillbillies", and "The Love Boat".


title: Hayden Rorke

text: Rorke was best known for his role as Dr. Bellows, the NASA medical officer in the television sitcom "I Dream of Jeannie". Bellows was constantly trying to figure out why Tony Nelson (Larry Hagman), an astronaut under Bellows' supervision, often behaves strangely, and to decipher the madcap antics, but he never figures out what is actually going on. Bellows usually winds up making himself look like a fool in front of his own superiors. Rorke's last film was reprising his role in the television reunion movie "I Dream of Jeannie... Fifteen Years Later" (1985).


title: Hayden Rorke

text: In the early 1980s, Rorke returned to the theater, making a number of live stage appearances. In May, 1980, he starred with Joan Caulfield at the old Showboat Dinner Theatre in St. Petersburg, Florida, in "The Pleasure of His Company". He also acted in "Mr. Roberts" in St. Louis, Missouri.


title: Hayden Rorke

text: Rorke's "I Dream of Jeannie" co-star Barbara Eden described him as a "prince" who was a good friend to all and always managed to keep up the spirits of the "Jeannie" cast, even in difficult circumstances.


title: Hayden Rorke

text: Eden also wrote in her 2011 biography "Jeannie Out of the Bottle" that Rorke was "unashamedly gay," and that he lived with his partner, television director Justus Addiss (of "Mister Ed", among others), for many years in Studio City, along with their menagerie of dogs, until Addiss' death on October 26, 1979. The couple would often invite the cast over for parties.


title: Hayden Rorke

text: Rorke died of multiple myeloma at his Toluca Lake home in 1987 at age 76. He was survived by two brothers.


title: Greyhound racing

text: Greyhound racing is an organized, competitive sport in which greyhounds are raced around a track. There are two forms of greyhound racing, track racing (normally around an oval track) and coursing; the latter is now banned in most countries. Track racing uses an artificial lure (usually a form of windsock) that travels ahead of the greyhounds on a rail until the greyhounds cross the finish line. As with horse racing, greyhound races often allow the public to bet on the outcome.


title: Greyhound racing

text: In many countries, greyhound racing is purely amateur and solely for enjoyment. In other countries, particularly Australia, Ireland, the United Kingdom, and the United States, greyhound racing is similar to horse racing in that it is part of the gambling industry.


title: Greyhound racing

text: Animal rights and animal welfare groups have been critical of the welfare of greyhounds in the commercial racing industry for many years which has contributed to the reforms of the industries in recent years. A greyhound adoption movement spearheaded by kennel owners has arisen to assist retired racing dogs in finding homes as pets, with an estimated adoption rate of over 95% in the United States.


title: Greyhound racing

text: Modern greyhound racing has its origins in coursing. The first recorded attempt at racing greyhounds on a straight track was made beside the Welsh Harp reservoir, Hendon, England, in 1876, but this experiment did not develop. The industry emerged in its recognizable modern form, featuring circular or oval tracks, with the invention of the mechanical, or artificial, hare in 1912 by an American, Owen Patrick Smith. O.P. Smith had altruistic aims for the industry to stop the killing of the jack rabbits and see "greyhound racing as we see horse racing". In 1919, Smith opened the first professional dog-racing track with stands in Emeryville, California. The Emeryville arena was torn down in February 1920 to make way for the construction of a modern racetrack using the mechanical lure, described in the press as the "automatic rabbit." The first race at the new park was on Saturday, May 29, 1920.


title: Greyhound racing

text: The certificates system led the way to parimutuel betting, as quarry and on-course gambling, in the United States during the 1930s.


title: Greyhound racing

text: The oval track and mechanical hare were introduced to Britain, in 1926, by another American, Charles Munn, in association with Major Lyne-Dixson, a Canadian, who was a key figure in coursing. Finding other supporters proved rather difficult, however, and with the General Strike of 1926 looming, the two men scoured the country in an attempt to find others who would join them. Eventually they met Brigadier-General Critchley, who introduced them to Sir William Gentle. Between them they raised £22,000, and like the American 'International Greyhound Racing Association' (or the I.G.R.A.), they launched the Greyhound Racing Association holding the first British meeting at Manchester's Belle Vue Stadium. The industry was successful in cities and towns throughout the UK – by the end of 1927, there were forty tracks operating.


title: Greyhound racing

text: Middle-class reformers were outraged, and the working-class delighted, with the emergence in the late-1920s of Greyhound racing as an entertaining new sport and betting opportunity. At first it seemed modern, glamorous, and American, but the middle class lost interest when working-class audiences took over. The working class appreciated the nearby urban locations of the tracks and the evening times of the meetings. Betting has always been a key ingredient of greyhound racing, both through on-course bookmakers and the totalisator, first introduced in 1930. Like horse racing, it is popular to bet on the greyhound races as a form of parimutuel betting.


title: Greyhound racing

text: Greyhound racing enjoyed its highest United Kingdom attendances just after the Second World War—for example, attendances during 1946 were estimated to be around 75 million based on an annual totalisator turnover of £196,431,430. The industry experienced a decline beginning in the early 1960s, after the 1960 UK Betting and Gaming Act permitted off-course cash betting. Sponsorship, limited television coverage, and the later abolition of on-course betting tax have partially offset this decline.


title: Greyhound racing

text: Commercial greyhound racing is characterized by several criteria (varying depending on country) and can include legalized gambling, the existence of a regulatory structure, the physical presence of racetracks, whether the host state or subdivision shares in any gambling proceeds, fees charged by host locations, the use of professional racing kennels, the number of dogs participating in races, the existence of an official racing code, and membership in a greyhound racing federation or trade association.


title: Greyhound racing

text: In addition to the seven countries where commercial greyhound racing exists, in at least twenty-one countries dog racing occurs, but has not yet reached a commercial stage.


title: Greyhound racing

text: The medical care of a racing greyhound is primarily the responsibility of the trainer while in training. All tracks in the United Kingdom have to have a veterinary surgeon and veterinary room facilities on site during racing. The greyhounds require microchipping, annual vaccinations against distemper, infectious canine hepatitis, parvovirus, leptospirosis, and a vaccination to minimize outbreaks of diseases such as kennel cough. All greyhounds in the UK must pass a pre-race veterinary inspection before being allowed to take part in that race.


title: Greyhound racing

text: The racing industry (in several countries) actively works to prevent the spread of doping cases. Attempts are being made to recover urine samples from all greyhounds in a race, not just the winners. Greyhounds from which samples cannot be obtained for a certain number of consecutive races are subject to being ruled off the track in some countries. Violators are subject to criminal penalties and loss of their racing licenses by state gaming commissions and a permanent ban from the National Greyhound Association. The trainer of the greyhound is at all times the "absolute insurer" of the condition of the animal. The trainer is responsible for any positive test regardless of how the banned substance has entered the greyhound's system.


title: Greyhound racing

text: Generally, a greyhound's career will end between the ages of four and six – after the dog can no longer race, or possibly when it is no longer competitive. The best dogs are kept for breeding and there are industry-associated adoption groups and rescue groups that work to obtain retired racing greyhounds and place them as pets. In the United Kingdom, the Greyhound Board of Great Britain (GBGB) has introduced measures to locate where racing greyhounds reside after they have retired from racing and as from 2017 records have been available to the public.


title: Greyhound racing

text: Several organizations, such as British Greyhounds Retired Database, Greyhound Rescue West of England, Birmingham Greyhound Protection, GAGAH, Adopt-a-Greyhound and Greyhound Pets of America, and the Greyhound Trust try to ensure that as many of the dogs as possible are adopted. Some of these groups also advocate better treatment of the dogs while at the track and/or the end of racing for profit. In recent years the racing industry has made significant progress in establishing programs for the adoption of retired racers. In addition to actively cooperating with private adoption groups throughout the country, many race tracks have established their own adoption programs at various tracks.


title: Greyhound racing

text: Greyhounds Australasia was formed in 1937 (as the Australian and New Zealand Greyhound Association) and consists of governing bodies in Australian states and New Zealand, which regulate greyhound welfare and living conditions.


title: Greyhound racing

text: Greyhound racing is a popular industry in Ireland with the majority of tracks falling under the control of Rásaíocht Con Éireann (GRI) which is a commercial semi-state body and reports to the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine. The vast majority of greyhounds racing in the UK are imported from Irish breeders (estimated 90%).


title: Greyhound racing

text: In the greyhound industry Northern Irish tracks are considered to be in the category of Irish greyhound racing and the results are published by the IGB. They do not come under the control of the Greyhound Board of Great Britain.


title: Greyhound racing

text: Racing in New Zealand is governed by the New Zealand Racing Board (NZRB) in accordance with the Racing Act 2003.


title: Greyhound racing

text: Greyhound racing in Great Britain is regulated by the Greyhound Board of Great Britain and accredited by United Kingdom Accreditation Service.


title: Greyhound racing

text: In the United States, greyhound racing is governed by state or local law. Greyhound care is regulated by the National Association of State Racing Commissions and the American Greyhound Council (AGC). The AGC is jointly run by the National Greyhound Association.


title: Greyhound racing

text: There is one greyhound racing track in Mexico, the Caliente Greyhound Track in Tijuana, as well as one greyhound racing track in Vietnam at the Lam Son Stadium in Vung Tau, Vietnam. Additionally, there was one greyhound track in Macau, China at the Canidrome which conducted greyhound racing for about 90 years, but discontinued in 2018.


title: Jeffrey Wigand

text: He is a former vice president of research and development at Brown & Williamson in Louisville, Kentucky, who worked on the development of reduced-harm cigarettes and in 1996 blew the whistle on tobacco tampering at the company. This was adapted for 1999 film "The Insider", with Russell Crowe portraying Wigand.


title: Jeffrey Wigand

text: He currently lectures around the world as an expert witness and consultant for various tobacco issues.


title: Jeffrey Wigand

text: Wigand was born in New York City and grew up in the Bronx and later Pleasant Valley, New York. After a brief time in the military (including a short assignment in Vietnam), he earned a Master's in Biochemistry and a PhD from the University at Buffalo in Biochemistry.


title: Jeffrey Wigand

text: Prior to working for Brown & Williamson, Wigand worked for several health care companies, including Pfizer and Johnson & Johnson. In addition, he was employed as General Manager and Marketing Director at Union Carbide in Japan, and as a senior vice president at Technicon Instruments.


title: Jeffrey Wigand

text: Wigand became nationally known as a whistleblower on February 4, 1996, when he appeared on the CBS news program "60 Minutes" and stated that Brown & Williamson had intentionally manipulated its tobacco blend with chemicals such as ammonia to increase the effect of nicotine in cigarette smoke. According to Wigand, he was subsequently harassed and received anonymous death threats.


title: Jeffrey Wigand

text: Wigand had begun to work for Brown & Williamson in January 1989 and was fired on March 24, 1993. He says that he was fired as a whistleblower because he knew that high-ranking corporate executives knowingly approved the addition of additives to their cigarettes that were known to be carcinogenic and/or addictive, such as coumarin. Brown & Williamson undertook a concerted effort to discredit Wigand, which included hiring the Investigative Group International to produce a 500-page dossier on Wigand which was distributed to the media. However, the dossier backfired, as news outlets examined the claims in it, finding many claims of misconduct to be unsubstantiated or trivial.


title: Jeffrey Wigand

text: Following this he taught physical science, biology, and Japanese at duPont Manual Magnet High School in Louisville, Kentucky, and was eventually named 1996 Teacher of the Year for the state of Kentucky.


title: Jeffrey Wigand

text: Wigand no longer teaches high school and instead lectures worldwide to a variety of audiences including children, college, medical and law students and a diverse group of policy makers. He has consulted with governments throughout the world on tobacco control policies.


title: Jeffrey Wigand

text: He was portrayed by Russell Crowe in the 1999 film "The Insider" directed by Michael Mann, which also stars Al Pacino and Christopher Plummer. Crowe earned an Academy Award nomination for his portrayal of Wigand.


title: Jeffrey Wigand

text: Wigand is married to Hope Elizabeth May, an American philosopher, author and lawyer who is a professor at Central Michigan University in Mount Pleasant, Michigan, where he now resides.


title: Kevin Macdonald (director)

text: Kevin Macdonald (born 28 October 1967) is a Scottish director. His films include "One Day in September" (1999), a documentary about the 1972 murder of 11 Israeli athletes, which won him the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature, the climbing documentary "Touching the Void" (2003), the drama "The Last King of Scotland" (2006), the political thriller "State of Play" (2009), the Bob Marley documentary "Marley" (2012), the post-apocalyptic drama "How I Live Now" (2013), the thriller "Black Sea" (2014), the Whitney Houston documentary "Whitney" (2018), and the legal drama film "The Mauritanian" (2021).


title: Kevin Macdonald (director)

text: Macdonald was born in Glasgow, Scotland. His maternal grandparents were the Hungarian-born British Jewish filmmaker Emeric Pressburger and English screenwriter and actress Wendy Orme. He was brought up in Gartocharn, Dunbartonshire and attended the local primary school for the first five years of his education, He was educated at Glenalmond College, and St Anne's College, Oxford. His brother Andrew Macdonald is a film producer.


title: Kevin Macdonald (director)

text: Macdonald began his career with a biography of his grandfather, "The Life and Death of a Screenwriter" (1994), which he turned into the documentary "The Making of an Englishman" (1995).


title: Kevin Macdonald (director)

text: After making a series of biographical documentaries, Macdonald directed "One Day in September" (1999), about the murder of Israeli athletes at the 1972 Munich Olympics. Possibly the most striking feature of this film was the lengthy interview with Jamal Al-Gashey, the last known survivor of the Munich terrorists (it has been suggested recently in Aaron Klein's book "Striking Back" that another, Mohammed Safady, might also still be alive). Macdonald found Al-Gashey through intermediaries, and was able to convince him that the film would only be truly authentic if Al-Gashey gave his side of the story. Since the former terrorist was convinced that Israeli authorities were still hunting him (he had been in hiding ever since being ransomed for a hijacked aeroplane less than two months after the Munich massacre), Al-Gashey agreed to the interview only on condition that he would be disguised, his face would be shown only in shadow or blurred out, and that the interview would be conducted by a person and in a place of Al-Gashey's choosing (which turned out to be Amman, Jordan), although Al-Gashey agreed that Macdonald could be present. Since the interview was conducted entirely in Arabic (even though Al-Gashey was known to be fluent in English, having been interviewed in the language in 1972), and Al-Gashey (through paranoia or annoyance) frequently stormed out of the interview room, Macdonald did not know if he had anything usable until he returned to London and hired an Arabic translator. The film won an Oscar for Best Documentary.


title: Kevin Macdonald (director)

text: His next film was "Touching the Void", a docudrama that told the story of two climbers making the first successful ascent of the West Face of Siula Grande, a major peak in the Peruvian Andes, in 1985 and the subsequent dramatic series of events during their descent after one of the climbers broke his leg whilst high on the peak. The film won the Alexander Korda Award for Best British Film at the 2003–04 BAFTA Awards – coincidentally, it was Korda who had given Macdonald's grandfather his first job when he had arrived in Britain in 1935.


title: Kevin Macdonald (director)

text: Next was "The Last King of Scotland", for which Forest Whitaker received widespread acclaim and won multiple acting awards including Academy Award for Best Actor.


title: Kevin Macdonald (director)

text: He has also directed a number of television commercials with Rogue Films who represent him for all his TV commercial work worldwide.


title: Kevin Macdonald (director)

text: Macdonald directed the film adaptation of hit BBC television drama "State of Play", starring Russell Crowe. He then directed "The Eagle", an adaptation of the book "The Eagle of the Ninth", about a Roman Legion in 2nd century A.D. in Scotland. "Bobby Fischer Goes to War", his next project, is a film about the 1972 World Chess Championship in Reykjavík, Iceland, in which Bobby Fischer took on the entire Soviet chess establishment.


title: Kevin Macdonald (director)

text: Macdonald made the film "Life in a Day" with producer Ridley Scott. The footage was filmed by thousands of people all around the world about their life in one day and posted on YouTube. The film premiered at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival to a global live audience, on 27 January 2011.