title: Lancôme

text: The brand is represented by actresses, global supermodels, makeup artists and perfumers. Emerging fashion designers have collaborated with the brand, including design duo Proenza Schouler, who created a dress inspired by Lancôme's Hypnôse fragrance, and Alber Elbaz who designed the packaging for a trio of mascaras.


title: Lancôme

text: In 1978, at the age of eighteen, Carol Alt became the youngest model to be the face of Lancôme. Nancy Dutiel also modeled for Lancôme during this period. More recently, models Shalom Harlow, Marie Gillain and Raica Oliveira have also been spokesmodels for Lancôme.


title: Lancôme

text: One of Lancôme's longest-running partnerships was with actress Isabella Rossellini. Signed in 1982, Rossellini was the international face of Lancôme for 14 years. In 2016, Rossellini returned for a collaboration with the brand, more than 30 years after she became its first face.


title: Lancôme

text: Ukrainian-Canadian model Daria Werbowy joined the brand in 2005, and has been featured in Lancôme ads. Spanish actress and model Inés Sastre has represented Lancôme as a global spokesmodel since 1996, appearing in dozens of Lancôme advertisements over the years.


title: Lancôme

text: Other renowned actresses have also worked with the brand, including Juliette Binoche, Uma Thurman, Drew Barrymore, Mena Suvari, Laura Morante, Kate Winslet, Anne Hathaway, Julia Roberts, Penélope Cruz, Emma Watson, and currently Lily Collins, Lupita Nyong'o, and Zendaya. Clive Owen was the first male spokesperson for Lancôme's Men's skincare range and the fragrance Hypnôse Homme.


title: Lancôme

text: Presently, popular south Korean Singer and Actress Bae Suzy is the Asia Pacific Brand Ambassador and also Lancome's Global Muse.


title: Lancôme

text: Digital marketing is used to build relationships with customers and interact with them on time. Lancôme targets women in their 40s and younger women have become its new target market.


title: Lancôme

text: In 2014, Lancôme launched a marketing campaign which combines a loyalty program called 'Lancôme Elite Rewards' via social media platforms. This program gives points as the reward to members for sharing on social media. Members can earn points by sharing products or connecting with the brand on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram and they will get discount while getting enough points. Through the combination of giving rewards and social media platforms in this campaign, it would attract more engagement and word of mouth publicity that resulted in the increased effectiveness of digital marketing in Lancôme.


title: Lancôme

text: In 2017, Lancôme formed a partnership with Airbnb and Publicis Worldwide's luxury agency 133SH to release a new social media campaign for promoting the new Lancôme UV expert aqua gel. This social media campaign aimed to reach more young female consumers.


title: Lancôme

text: Lancôme has collaborated with several makeup artists. Fred Farrugia created 13 colour collections during his tenure as artistic makeup director (1997–2004).


title: Lancôme

text: Lancôme has several top makeup artists representing it, Aaron De Mey and Sandy Linter. Sandy is Lancôme's "Beauty At Every Age Expert", and Aaron is Lancôme's National Artistic Director for Makeup. Aaron De Mey is no longer the Artistic Director for Lancome. Lancôme UK has recently signed Alex Babsky to be the brand's UK Make Up Ambassador.


title: Lancôme

text: Lancôme Makeup announced in January 2015 that UK makeup artist Lisa Eldridge has been appointed as its Global Creative Director.


title: Lancôme

text: On 5 June 2016, Lancôme canceled a promotional concert by Hong Kong pro-democracy singer Denise Ho that was scheduled to be held on 19 June in Sheung Wan. The cancellation was due to a boycott campaign launched by the Communist Party-controlled "Global Times", which denigrated the Cantopop star for supposedly advocating Hong Kong and Tibet independence. Lancôme posted on Facebook that Ho is not a spokesperson for the brand. The cancellation drew a heavy backlash in Hong Kong, resulting in some Lancôme shops in Hong Kong shutting down during the protests. Some Hong Kong merchants refused to accept the political pressure from the Chinese government. Listerine, another brand that Ho represents, retained the singer despite criticism from the "Global Times" for hiring Ho as its spokesperson.


title: Tenth of December: Stories

text: Tenth of December is a collection of short stories by American author George Saunders. It includes stories published in various magazines between 1995 and 2012. The book was published on January 8, 2013, by Random House. One of the stories, "Home," was a 2011 Bram Stoker Award finalist. "Tenth of December" was selected as one of the 10 Best Books of 2013 by the editors of the "New York Times Book Review". The collection also won the 2013 Story Prize for short-story collections and the inaugural (2014) Folio Prize.


title: Tenth of December: Stories

text: A young girl named Alison is kidnapped three days before her birthday. Kyle, a boy who lives nearby whose parents enforce very strict household rules, sees the event unfold and must decide whether to help Alison (who used to be his friend but stopped hanging out with him after becoming popular) or to ignore the situation to keep himself safe.


title: Tenth of December: Stories

text: A father has a tall pole in the front yard that he constantly decorates for holidays. His child recounts life with his dad and how the man eventually lost his sanity after his wife died and began to decorate the pole in bizarre ways.


title: Tenth of December: Stories

text: Two women, Callie and Marie, lead very different lives. Callie has a happy life with her husband, whom she loves. She has a son, Bo, who runs away and darts in between cars on the interstate. In order to keep him safe, she chains him to a tree like a dog in the backyard. She sees this as a way to keep him from escaping, because he loves it outside and hates it in the house. They have a very messy home and constantly adopt pets to sell. When they are not sold, her husband kills them, justifying it by explaining that he grew up on a farm, and animals dying was a constant part of life. Callie wants nothing more than to please him, so she accepts this behavior. Marie has a different life. She also has a son with behavioral problems, which she solves by keeping him glued to a handheld video game. Marie had a troubled childhood and was neglected by her mother. The two women meet when Marie arrives at Callie's house to buy a new puppy for her children. Marie's children beg her to adopt it, but after seeing Bo out the window chained to a tree, Marie decides against it and leaves abruptly. In order to protect her husband from having to kill the puppy, Callie later abandons it in a nearby cornfield to die.


title: Tenth of December: Stories

text: Because he was convicted of a crime, Jeff has been sent to an experimental prison where inhabitants are guinea pigs for a man named Ray Abnesti, a sort of warden who develops pharmaceuticals. In an experiment to determine the strength of love, Abnesti puts Jeff in a room with a woman named Heather. Neither finds the other very attractive until a drug is administered and they suddenly fall deeply in love with each other and have sex. This continues until the drug stops being administered, when they suddenly lose all love for each other. The process is repeated with Jeff and a woman named Rachel. The next day, Abnesti brings both Heather and Rachel into a room and asks Jeff to decide which woman should be drugged with Darkenfloxx, a drug that causes extreme mental and physical distress. Jeff wants no one to be hurt, but has no preference as to which should endure the drug. Satisfied, Abnesti decides not to administer the drug. Later, Jeff finds himself in a room with another man whom he realizes also had sex with Rachel and Heather. He realizes that Abnesti is asking one of the women which one of the men should be given Darkenfloxx. The same result happens each time, and the drug is never administered.


title: Tenth of December: Stories

text: Later, after Abnesti presents the love drug he is developing to his superiors, he says he must go into greater depth and gives Heather Darkenfloxx, saying that Jeff must say exactly what he feels while he watches Heather suffer in order to prove he has no romantic feelings for her. But the Darkenfloxx is so damaging that Heather commits suicide to escape the pain. When Abnesti reveals that he will do the same thing to Rachel to determine whether Jeff has a romantic attachment, Jeff refuses to participate. He insists that the drug should not be used. Abnesti leaves to get a warrant to administer drugs to Jeff that will force him to comply. To prevent Rachel from being tortured, Jeff administers Darkenfloxx to himself, and while under its influence kills himself. A voice tells him that his body is salvageable, and he can return to life, but Jeff declines, knowing he's had enough of life. Jeff's final emotion is happiness that, in the end, he did not kill and never would again.


title: Tenth of December: Stories

text: A letter from a man named Todd, the boss of a group of men who do mysterious work in Room 6, encourages his staff to have a positive attitude about their work, which is never named but must be guessed by the reader.


title: Tenth of December: Stories

text: An unsuccessful antique store owner is involved in a charity event in which he must dress up and walk down a runway in order to earn money. One of the competitors in the event is Larry Donfrey, a successful realtor for whom Al has very bitter and jealous feelings. He suppresses his hatred for Donfrey by making up elaborate schemes in his head in which the two become good friends and Al gains the respect he craves from the town.


title: Tenth of December: Stories

text: The narrator, a middle-class father, living a safe but unfulfilling life, attempts to please his daughter Lilly and compete with a wealthier family by buying her various lavish gifts. These include Semplica Girls, women trafficked from third-world countries to be used as human lawn ornaments. His sensitive younger daughter Eva frees the Semplica Girls, a felony. The loss of the Semplica Girls puts the family in severe debt. In confronting the legal and financial hardships he now faces, the narrator learns of the more severe challenges faced by the Semplica Girls in their home countries.


title: Tenth of December: Stories

text: Ted, a janitor, witnesses the rape of fellow employee Martha by Don Murray, the boss of the Medieval theme park where Ted works. Because both Martha and Don want to avoid embarrassment, Ted is given "hush money" in the form of a promotion: he is now a pacing guard. For his new job, he must take KnightLyfeⓇ, a drug that cause him to think, act, and speak like a chivalric knight. Because of his chivalry, he eventually reveals to others what happened to Martha. When Don learns of this, Ted is fired.


title: Tenth of December: Stories

text: A cancer patient seeking to die by suicide in the woods meets a boy who teaches the patient about himself.


title: Tenth of December: Stories

text: Saunders has commented that he was inspired to write the title story, "Tenth of December," after beginning to wonder how he would handle "a slow and protracted death." That later led to the idea of a man planning to freeze to death, only to be interrupted during his efforts.


title: Tenth of December: Stories

text: The collection debuted at #3 on "The New York Times" Hardcover Fiction Bestselling List. During the week of February 24, 2013, it reached #2 on that same list.


title: Tenth of December: Stories

text: Critical reception for the book has been highly positive, with the "Philadelphia City Paper" stating that although the stories didn't have a sense of cohesiveness, "the stories seemed tied together at the brain, like the poor unfortunates in one of the best stories in "December"." "The List" praised some of the stories in the book, but wrote that the "overall effect is rather insubstantial". "Kirkus Reviews" and "Booklist" both gave the compilation a starred review, with "Booklist" writing that the set had "unpredictable, stealthily funny, and complexly affecting stories of ludicrousness, fear, and rescue". "Entertainment Weekly" gave the collection an A, saying that Saunders "is the master of joy bombs: little explosions of grin-stimulating genius that he buries throughout his deeply thoughtful, endlessly entertaining flights of imagination" and "offers an irresistible mix of humor and humanity."


title: Tenth of December: Stories

text: Reviewing the book for "New York Journal of Books", Charles Holdefer wrote that it "shows the writer in excellent form and will surely rank as one of his best books to date. The opening story, "Victory Lap," is one of the strongest the author has ever written. Hilarious and alarming, it’s a tale of children in extreme danger that manages to avoid the noxious clichés often accompanying the genre. It’s also a technical marvel, compressing three distinct points of view and individual backstories into a very small space. The bold shifts of consciousness here positively sizzle."


title: Tenth of December: Stories

text: In a January 2013 cover story about the author, "The New York Times Magazine" called "Tenth of December" "The best book you'll read this year." In 2019, "The Guardian" ranked it the 22nd best book since 2000.


title: Tenth of December: Stories

text: The short story collection has been translated into Spanish by translator Ben Clark and published by Ediciones Alfabia in 2013.


title: Tenth of December: Stories

text: The short story collection has been translated into Polish by translator of modern English language literature Michał Kłobukowski and published by W.A.B. in 2016.


title: Tenth of December: Stories

text: The story "Escape from Spiderhead" was adapted as the film "Spiderhead", directed by Joseph Kosinski and starring Chris Hemsworth, Miles Teller and Jurnee Smollett. It was released on Netflix in June 2022.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: Notre Dame Stadium is an outdoor football stadium in Notre Dame, Indiana, the home field of the University of Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: It was built in 1930 under the guidance of Knute Rockne, regarded as one of the greatest coaches in college football history, which gave rise to the stadium's nickname "The House that Rockne Built". Prior to the stadium's construction, the Fighting Irish played in Cartier Field. The stadium seating capacity was nearly 60,000 for decades, until a major renovation between 1994 and 1997 added an upper bowl and more than 20,000 additional seats, which increased the capacity to over 80,000. In 2014, the Campus Crossroads renovation decreased the seats to 77,622. The stadium has sold out regularly for home games since 1964.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: It is one of the oldest, most recognizable and iconic venues in college football. It is also famous for its view of the "Touchdown Jesus" mural. The playing surface was changed to artificial turf in 2014, after 84 seasons on natural grass. The playing field has a conventional north–south alignment at an approximate elevation of above sea level.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: In 2014 the $400 million Campus Crossroads expansion renovated the structure and added three buildings onto the stadium: the Duncan Student Center, which hosts student recreational and dining facilities, O'Neill Hall, which houses the university's music department, and Corbett Family Hall, which hosts the psychology and anthropology departments. In addition, the three buildings house premium stadium seating, press boxes, and event spaces.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: The stadium also hosts the university's commencement, and has also been the venue for a concert, the 2019 NHL Winter Classic, and hockey, soccer, and rugby matches.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: The stadium was built in 1930 to replace the outdated Cartier Field. The construction of the stadium project was brought to a head by the actions of Rockne. season had not been a stellar one but the net profits for that football season approached $500,000. Rockne was frustrated with the slow and cautious Holy Cross priests and their decision-making process about spending money on the new stadium. He could not believe that a decision could not be made when there was such a large amount of money in the bank. Because of this and a number of other issues, Rockne submitted his resignation to Father Charles O’Donnell, the president of the university. O’Donnell knew of Rockne's history of submitting his resignations and he also suspected that nothing would fully satisfy Rockne.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: O’Donnell was willing to find a compromise but was also unwilling to put the university in debt to finance the stadium. He knew that the excess receipts from 1928 season and the projected receipts from playing all the away games in 1929 on neutral fields would bring adequate cash into the university to finance the construction of the stadium. O’Donnell also devised the scheme to finance 240 six-person “reserved box seats”. This precursor of the personal seat license would allow the buyer to purchase tickets at face value and guarantee the same prime location for ten years for an investment of $3,000 between the 45-yard lines, $2,500 between the 45 and 35-yard line and $2,000 between the 35 and the 25-yard line. The university raised over $150,000 on this idea alone.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: The total cost of construction exceeded $750,000 and the original seating capacity was 54,000. Head coach Knute Rockne played a key role in its design, keeping the space between the playing field and the stands to a minimum. It is patterned, on a smaller scale, after Michigan Stadium, the main difference being the tunnel location. In 1929, plans were started by Osborn Engineering of Cleveland, selected for their experience in designing Yankee Stadium and Fenway Park. Sollitt Construction Company of South Bend was the general contractor, and earth preparation began in the fall of 1929. Due to an unusually cold fall and winter, above-ground construction did not begin until April 2, 1930, with the stadium effectively being built in just six months. Over two million bricks were used in the construction of the walls and the concrete was placed in a monolithic continuous placement by section. There were over 300 workers on the site at most times, and they worked five 10-hour days and one six-hour day on Saturdays. The average worker was paid $1 a day plus lunch with the more skilled workers earning up to $5 a day.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: The original stadium seated 59,075, measured a half-mile (800 m) in circumference, stood high, and featured a glass-enclosed press box rising above ground level. Initial stands reached 55 rows.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: The Irish played their first game in the new stadium in 1930 on October 4, and defeated The first Notre Dame touchdown in the stadium was scored by "Jumping Joe" Savoldi on a 98-yard kickoff return. The official dedication was a week later, on October 11 against Navy, and Savoldi scored three touchdowns and was cited as "the first hero in the lore of Notre Dame Stadium." G.K. Chesterton was present as a spectator for the game, and wrote the poem "The Arena" to commemorate the occasion. Frank E. Hering, captain of the 1898 team, coach from 1896 to 1898, and president of the Alumni Association, delivered the major speech during the dedication. The stadium witnessed its first game at capacity in 1931, with 50,731 spectators for the USC game.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: The first televised game in the stadium occurred on November 8, 1952, and the Irish beat Oklahoma 27–21. The attendance record of the stadium pre-renovation was of 60,128 spectators, and was set for the ND vs. Oklahoma game on Oct. 27, 1956, with Oklahoma winning, 40–0. In 1979, the 50th anniversary of the stadium was celebrated during the Navy game, with commemorative tickets that were reproductions of the original 1930 dedication game. The stadium was featured in the movie "Rudy" in 1993. The 1991 game against Tennessee was the 100th straight sold-out game and the 300th game played in the stadium.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: The stadium was renovated and expanded between November 1994 through the summer of 1997, during which home games were still played in the stadium. The $53 million expansion project featured increasing the seating to 80,795 and installing permanent lighting. The renovation featured the construction of an upper bowl (which contributed the more than 20,000 additional seats), an expansion of the press box with 300 new spots for reporters and additional TV and radio broadcasting booths, doubling in size of both the home and away team locker rooms, two new scoreboards, and in addition, a new field and drainage system. The stadium went from 15th to 8th largest in college football. The dedication game for the renovated stadium occurred on September 6, 1997, with a match against Georgia Tech that saw the Irish 17–13.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: In October 2009, a statue of Knute Rockne was unveiled near the north gate of the stadium. On September 3, 2011, the stadium witnessed its first ever evacuation. During a match against South Florida, severe weather and a lightning storm forced a successful and smooth evacuation at halftime.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: On January 29, 2014, the university announced plans to attach three new buildings to the stadium, totaling more than in expansions and costing about $400 million, with a timetable of 33 months for completion. After the completion of the Campus Crossroads Project, the official seating capacity of the stadium was listed at 77,622. The renovation also included the addition of a Jumbotron in the south end zone.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: The project was completed in January 2018. The first game in the newly renovated stadium took place on September 2, 2017, when the Irish beat the Temple Owls 49–16.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: The Notre Dame stadium is regarded as one of the most iconic and recognizable venues in college football.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: One of the most recognizable and storied features of the stadium is a yellow sign with blue letters spelling “Play Like A Champion Today.” placed in a stairwell between the home team locker room and the tunnel to the field. This sign dates back to 1986, when Lou Holtz came across a photo in a Notre Dame book with the sign “Play Like A Champion Today.” After asking around and coming up with no one remembering the sign and what had happened to it, he had a new sign painted and placed. This original sign was painted by Laurie Wenger in the fall of 1986. In 1991, NBC, which had just given the university its own marquee TV deal, showcased the sign by filming the players hitting it as they entered the field. Today, it is a tradition by players to touch it on their way out of the locker room. Above the sign is a listing of Notre Dame's eleven national championships.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: For 39 seasons from 1982 to 2020, Michael Collins served as the Public Address Announcer for Notre Dame football, and the voice of Notre Dame Stadium. Collins is a 1967 graduate of Notre Dame, and had a nearly 40-year career as a reporter, producer, news director and news anchor for WNDU-TV and WSBT-TV in South Bend. During his tenure, Collins coined and popularized the phrase "Here Come the Irish!" as the football team ran out of the tunnel before each game. Today, the phrase is used widely by announcers and fans in a variety of sports. Collins announced 233 consecutive Notre Dame football games at the stadium before retiring after the 2020 season.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: As originally built, the seating capacity was 54,000, but could hold as many as 61,000 with additional temporary bleachers. By 1966, its capacity increased to 59,075, mainly by reducing the average seat width from . In 1997, 21,000 new seats were added to the stadium, bringing the seating capacity to 80,795. After the 2014-2017 Campus Crossroads renovation, the seating decreased to 77,622.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: There has never been any advertising or corporate signage allowed in the stadium, and the decorations are simple and traditional. Notre Dame explicitly tried to maintain the look and feel of the stadium in line with the original stadium built by Rockne in the 1930s.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: The playing surface had always been natural grass through 2013, but it was announced on April 12, 2014, that after the commencement weekend, the playing field would be replaced with an infilled artificial turf. Notre Dame athletic director Jack Swarbrick, in making the announcement, cited recent difficulties with maintaining an acceptable grass surface, and added that the change would allow the stadium to be used for football practices and non-football events. During 2013, the university replaced the grass surface four times, including twice during the football season. The artificial turf installation, as scheduled, began after Commencement Weekend on May 16–18, 2014, and the university sold sections of the old turf to the public for $150 each.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: The decoration of the field is minimalist and traditional, and has changed little since 1930 and the times of Knute Rockne. Unlike most football stadiums, the end zones do not feature the name of the school or team. Each end zone is painted only with nine diagonal white lines, for a total of 18, each at a 42 degree angle and pointing towards the Golden Dome. This is symbolic of 1842, the year in which the university was founded. This design was used in 2014 when FieldTurf was installed, but a similar design has been used since 1930, when each end zones features 30 diagonal white lines. The renovation in 2014 also saw the addition of the ND monogram, symbol of the athletics program, at the midfield, and small green shamrocks at the 35-yard. No other decoration is present on the field, expect for occasional logos as for the 150th anniversary of the university in 1992.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: Prior to the 1997 expansion, Notre Dame Stadium lacked permanent field lights. In 1982, portable lighting by Musco Lighting was used for the first night game in the stadium's history on September 18 versus Michigan. Permanent lights were installed as part of the expansion. The lights were paid for by NBC, which has held the exclusive television rights to all home games since 1991. The permanent lights were added primarily to ensure sufficient lighting for mid-afternoon games in November; the university's agreements with NBC from 1991 to 2010 stipulated that there be no home night games. However, the stadium hosted its first night game in 21 years on October 22, 2011, when the Irish hosted USC. It was announced in 2015 that Musco would be installing a LED field lighting system as part of the 2014–2017 stadium renovation and expansion project.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: The stadium is known for its view to the north of "Touchdown Jesus", a nickname given to the large mural entitled "The Word of Life" by Millard Sheets of the resurrected Jesus. Installed in 1964 on the Hesburgh Library, the mosaic wall looms over the stadium. The mural's nickname is derived from Jesus' upraised arms, which are similar in appearance to the raised arms of a referee signifying a touchdown. The expansion of the stadium in the late 1990s partially obscured the view of the mural from the playing field. "The Word of Life" mural was a gift of Mr. and Mrs. Howard V. Phalin of Winnetka, Illinois.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: In January 2014, the university announced a $400 million enhancement of the stadium, the Campus Crossroads project. This expansion features three 8-story high buildings, on the west, south, and east sides of the stadium. The expansion added more than of teaching, research, and performance space. The enhancement added new premium stadium seats. The three buildings are called the Duncan Student Center on the west, O'Neill Hall on the south, and Corbett Family Hall on the east. The project was completed in January 2018. The project was designed by the SLAM collective, with HOK design firm as a consultant. Barton Malow served as the design-build contractor.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: The Duncan Student Center serves as a student center hosting a gym and climbing wall, meeting and event spaces, several dining and food options, student media and club offices, and the career center. Duncan is a 404,331-square-foot building, and is located on the East side of the stadium, between the Lou Holtz (Gate D) and Gate E gates, facing DeBartolo Hall.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: The ninth floor hosts a terrace overlooking the stadium with premium seating, booths for football coaches and game management staff, university seating boxes and an hospitality club for football games. The eight floor hosts seating and Rasmus Family Club, an event space that includes a terrace overlooking the ballroom below, in addition to hosting premium stadium seating. The seventh floor hosts the Dahnke Ballroom, a large two-story event and reception area with windows overlooking the field. The ballroom is used often for student events and dances throughout the year. Overlooking the stadium, the seventh floor also hosts seating and the new broadcast position for NBC Sports. The sixth floor is mechanical space. The fifth floor hosts the Meruelo Family Career Center for Career Development, which serves both the undergraduate and graduate student bodies. The center has more than 40 interview rooms nd also hosts the Undergraduate Career Services, Graduate Career Services, Mendoza Graduate Business Career Services, and an employer engagement team for alumni and recruiters.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: The third and fourth floors host the Tripp and Sheila Smith Center for Recreational Sports, an 80,000-square-foot recreational center and student gym. It features a basketball court with bleachers, a 13,000 square feet cardio and free-weight area, an open area modular exercise space, three studios for yoga, dance, martial arts, and group fitness instruction, office space for staff and personal trainers, a student lounge, a spin center, and men's and women's locker rooms, a 260-meter three-lane indoor running track, two boxing rings, over 1,500 square feet of open space for individual exercise, and a four-story rock-climbing wall (which is also in part located on the second floor). The second floor hosts the a student media center and climbing wall. This includes media laboratory, newsrooms and radio studios, an open television studio and all student media operations such as NDTV, The Voice of the Fighting Irish (WVFI) internet radio, WSND-FM, the Dome yearbook, Scholastic magazine and The Juggler. The floor also includes the Offices of Residential Life, the Grojean Family Loft (a study and lounge space open to all student) and a graduate student-only study and lounge space and the offices of the Graduate Student Life and the Graduate Student Union. The first floor hosts student center spaces, including the Midfield Commons, a lounge and socializing space, Innovation Lounge, study spaces and offices. Dining spaces on the first floor include Hagerty Family Café, Modern Market, and Star Ginger Asian Grill and Noodle Bar, a Vietnamese micro-restaurant.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: The Duncan Student Center hosts several pieces of artwork. Sculptor Ralph Helmick's work "Edifice" hangs on the second floor, above the dining area. The work consists of a reproduction of the campus landmark of the Main Building made up of 4,100 small pewter heads hung on 2,221 cables suspended from the ceiling. The pewter heads, which are silver except for the golden ones making up the dome, were created by scanning the likeness of students, staff and faculty members. The scans were conducted in November 2017 and the work installed in October 2018. The Midfield Commons hosts the work "Prevalence: Sacred Traces" by Juan Sanchez. The work, which was created to celebrate diversity in the community, is composed of a mural in the shape of stained glass windows (inspired by those of the Basilica of the Sacred Heart) decorated with many images and symbols from across different cultures and traditions. The decorated bronze door pulls of the building were designed by artist Gail Folwell and are inspired by the visual style of the Word of Life mural and depict students engaged in sports, leisure, academics, arts, prayer and more.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: Funding for the center was provided by entrepreneur Raymond Duncan, a Notre Dame alumnus who was the chairman and chief executive officer of Duncan Oil in Denver, Colorado. He was also the founder of and founded Silver Oak Cellars and Twomey Cellars, as well as of Purgatory Resort in Colorado. A 1952 Notre Dame graduate, Duncan was former member of the College of Arts and Letters and Snite Museum of Art Advisory Councils. In 2007 the Duncan family provided the funding to build the men's dorm Duncan Hall and the establishment of the Duncan Endowment for Excellence in American Art, in addition to supporting the Institute for Scholarship in Liberal Arts, Monogram Club, Department of Athletics and McCormack Scholarship.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: O'Neill Hall hosts the Department of Music and Sacred Music, including a 174-seat recital and performance hall, the music library, lecture halls, classrooms, rehearsal and seminar rooms, offices, faculty offices, a music lab for studio production, and practice rooms. It also houses stadium and sport-related spaces and a club lounge. O'Neill Hall is built around the Frank Leahy Gate, which is the grand entrance to stadium, and has a 106,809 square footage.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: The seventh floor is dedicated to mechanical space, mainly for the support of the new large scoreboard on the exterior, which is 54.1 feet high and 95.5 feet wide. Its large LED display screen contains 4,798,976 pixels, the most of any NCAA outdoor arena. The scoreboard is lined by 16 mm sideline ribbon boards, 3.78 feet high and 393 feet long, which display game statistics. The fifth and sixths floors are dedicated to the Sacred Music Program and house music departmental offices, teaching studios and practice rooms. The fourth floor houses Foley's, a high-end sports bar and restaurant. It is an 8,200-square-foot club, a highly themed area decorated old Notre Dame memorabilia, including wooden seating from the old stadium.The club features Harper's Bar, named in honor of Jesse Harper, Notre Dame football coach from 1913 to 1917. The club is open only to members and during home games, but it also hosts private events. The third floor hosts the Michuda Family Visiting Artist Rehearsal Hall as well as seminar rooms, two mid-sized classrooms, and large lecture hall, and the music library, which was relocated from the Hesburgh Library. The first and second house the Frank Leahy Gate, which is the grand entrance to stadium. The first floor also hosts LaBar Family Performance and Rehearsal Hall, both 2,200-square-feet. The recital hall has 175 seats, offering a more intimate atmosphere than other spaces on campus. It features a traditional stage, fixed seating, and a formal atmosphere for classical concert music. The Performance Hall instead is more an interdisciplinary performance space, accommodating alternative types of musical events in combination with other media, such as projected text visual images, acting, lighting, and dance. It has flexible seating and staging options in a “black-box” style setting that can host avant-garde performance and experimentation.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: The building was constructed in part thank to a $25 million donation was made by Helen and Charles Schwab in honor of her brother, Notre Dame alumnus and trustee Joseph O’Neill III. The O’Neill family had previously also provided donations for the construction of a men's residence hall, O’Neill Family Hall, and a sundial on the south side of Jordan Hall of Science.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: Corbett Family Hall houses the Departments of Anthropology and Psychology. It also houses the Rex and Alice A. Martin Media Center, with 2,000-square-foot studio, and teaching space for the Department of Film, Television and Theatre. It also houses stadium and sports-related spaces, including the press box. Corbett is a 280,000-square-foot building, and is located on the East side of the stadium, between the Dan Devine (Gate A) and Ara Parseghian (Gate B) gates, facing the Edmund P. Joyce Center.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: The first floor hosts the Martin Digital Media Center and Notre Dame Studios. The Martin Media Center 18,000-square production facility for live and recorded events that houses two state-of-the-art control rooms of equal capability with seating for nine crew members. The center is used for student classes and productions, and for stadium media production on game days. Also housed on the floor are Notre Dame Studios, with four control rooms equipped for multi-camera live and recorded production, and The Fighting Irish Media Center, with two control rooms. The innovation center on the floor is a 1,300 square foot flexible space for new and emerging media that can accommodate 50 participants. The second floor houses the Department of Anthropology, with research laboratories, offices, study and meeting rooms, classrooms, and social events spaces . The third, fourth, and fifth floors house the Department of Psychology's offices, more than 30 research labs, and classrooms. The third floor is mostly cognitive psychology, the fourth floor is mainly behavioral psychology, and the fifth floor is mainly a mixture of relationship psychology and others. The anthropology and psychology departments, both in the College of Arts and Letters, were scattered around campus and without a single location before the opening of Corbett. Similarly to the Duncan Student Center, the sixth floor is dedicated to mechanical storage space. The seventh floors host the Downes Club, a large ballroom and hospitality space which is used for events and receptions and becomes a 100-seat classroom on non-game days. The eight floor houses the Hank Family Forum is similar to the Rasmus in Duncan, with the exception that it does not have an indoor premium seating area, and offers socializing and event space and a terrace overlooking the Downes Club. The ninth floor houses the press boxes, print media and radio facilities, as well as game-day hospitality space. Seven on Nine is a premium seating area and reception space overlooking the field, and is named after the team's seven Heisman Trophy winners. The north side of the ninth floor has premium seating and boxes for the visiting team.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: Alumnus Richard Corbett donated $25 million towards construction of the building. He received a bachelor's degree in history from Notre Dame in 1960, and later a business degree from Harvard. He worked on John F. Kennedy's presidential election campaign, served in the White House and as a financial manager for the Kennedy family, followed by a role as business manager for Robert F. Kennedy's presidential campaign. He currently is the CEO and president of Concorde Companies, a Florida real estate business.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: Prior to 1966, attendance figures were based on an actual count of patrons through the gates. The largest crowd to attend a home game prior to expansion was 61,296 in 1962, against Purdue on October 6. Since 1966, attendance figures have been based on paid admissions with a fixed number of tickets available, accounting for the familiar 59,075 figure through the 1996 season. Until Ara Parseghian arrived as coach at Notre Dame in 1964, sellouts were not the norm. Since then, tickets for Notre Dame football have been notoriously hard to come by. As of the end of the 2015 season, there have been 249 consecutive sellouts at Notre Dame Stadium, and 294 sellouts in the past 295 games dating back to 1964. The lone exception was a 1973 game against Air Force which had been moved midseason by ABC to Thanksgiving Day and was played with the students absent. The announced attendance was 57,235. Attendance at all five home games in 1965 exceeded 59,000 as well. It is expected that this streak will end at the Navy game on November 16, 2019. The university cites an unusual schedule of 3 home games in November as a factor.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: The official capacity was listed at 80,225 when the stadium was first expanded. A subsequent computer revision put it at 80,012 in 1998 and 80,232 in 2000. Sideline bleachers, which had been removed during expansion, were put back in after a few years, bringing the figure to 80,795 in 2001. In January 2014 the University of Notre Dame announced the campus crossroads project. A $400 million renovation would add luxury boxes and increase the stadium's capacity to around 85,000, but after the project was completed in 2017 the seats were made wider and the number decreased to 77,622 which is the present capacity of the stadium. The project began after the conclusion of the 2014 football season and finished in time for the 2017 season.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: The stadium had never hosted a music concert until 2018, with Garth Brooks being the first artist to hold a concert to be held at the stadium.


title: Notre Dame Stadium

text: The stadium hosted the 2019 NHL Winter Classic on New Year's Day between the Chicago Blackhawks and Boston Bruins, and four days later longtime rivals Michigan and Notre Dame clashed on the same ice, with the nickname "Let's Take This Outside" being applied to the game.


title: Zebrahead

text: Zebrahead is an American rap-punk band from La Habra, California. Formed in 1996, the band has released thirteen studio albums to date.


title: Zebrahead

text: Zebrahead was formed in La Habra, California in summer 1996 by guitarist Greg Bergdorf and drummer Ed Udhus, (both formerly of the band 409), bassist Ben Osmundson (formerly of 3-Ply) and singer/rhythm guitarist Justin Mauriello (formerly of Once There). All four musicians, whose bands at the time shared the same practice space, became acquainted with one another after experimenting with different music styles together. This led to all four leaving their respective bands and forming their own and naming it Zebrahead. Inspired by bands such as Fugazi and Descendents and uninterested in the local musical trends of the time, Zebrahead began experimenting and incorporating elements of hip-hop into their sound, leading to the inclusion of rapper Ali Tabatabaee as a co-vocalist. The first song ever composed was "Check", which was later included on their first demo tape, "One More Hit", released shortly after.


title: Zebrahead

text: The band issued their self-titled debut album in April 1998 through indie label Doctor Dream Records, before signing with major label Columbia Records to release their mainstream debut "Waste of Mind" later that year. The album contains several re-recorded songs from their demo release alongside new tracks, including the minor radio hit "Get Back", which charted at No. 32 on the U.S. Hot Modern Rock Tracks charts. The band's follow-up "Playmate of the Year" was released in August 2000 and charted at No.4 on the U.S. Top Heatseekers chart. The extended play "Stupid Fat Americans" followed in February 2001 as a Japan-exclusive release.


title: Zebrahead

text: Zebrahead recorded and released their fourth studio album, "MFZB", in 2003; this was their last publication under Columbia Records. The album is noted for trading in the hip-hop funk elements of the band's previous releases in favor of a heavier punk rock sound that would eventually carry over and develop in future releases. Zebrahead spent the majority of 2004 promoting the album at various festivals in Japan, including the Summer Sonic Festival. The band's extensive touring earned them a sizeable fanbase in the country, leading "MFZB" to chart at No.9 on the Japanese Charts and earn a gold certification. A follow-up to "MFZB" titled "Waste of MFZB" – containing songs that didn't make the final cut of the former – was released exclusively in Japan in July 2004 where it topped the "Billboard Japan" chart.


title: Zebrahead

text: Shortly after Zebrahead's Japanese tour, co-vocalist/rhythm guitarist Justin Mauriello left the band due to creative differences. As the singing/rapping dynamic between Mauriello and co-vocalist Ali Tabatabaee was crucial to Zebrahead's sound, the band immediately began the search for a replacement. Matty Lewis, a former member of the band Jank 1000 that had previously toured with Zebrahead, was advised by Udhus and Osmundson to try out for the part in December 2004, to which he won. Lewis' inclusion was announced at a private concert at the Anaheim House of Blues, California on March 8, 2005, before the group started recording their next studio album.


title: Zebrahead

text: Zebrahead's sixth album "Broadcast to the World" debuted in February 2006 in Japan, where it certified gold. It was later issued in other countries as the year progressed. During that time, the band toured the U.S. as part of the Warped Tour festival and later Europe, notably playing at the UK's annual Download Festival. Ali Tabatabaee and Matty Lewis also performed the theme of "Sonic the Hedgehog (2006)", "His World".


title: Zebrahead

text: Following a two-month hiatus after writing material for their seventh album, Zebrahead returned to Europe in May 2007 on a co-headline tour with MxPx<ref name="No UK dates for MXPX/Zebrahead, only Europe"></ref> and went on to tour the UK as part of the annual Get Happy Tour the following October. Afterwards, the band continued writing and recorded demos with producers Jason Freese, Howard Benson and Cameron Webb. The album, "Phoenix", was released in July 2008, preceded by the "Not the New Album EP" a day earlier. The band later returned to the UK and performed at the Download, Leeds Slam Dunk and Greenfield festivals, before going on to tour the rest of Europe and Japan for the remainder of the year. An American leg of the tour was originally planned to take place after, however, Lewis became ill, and in order to avoid permanent damage to his voice, the tour was cancelled.


title: Zebrahead

text: In Spring 2009, Zebrahead announced the release of a cover album featuring songs originally sung by female musicians from the 1990s–2000s for the following November. "Panty Raid" is preceded by the single "Girlfriend" originally by Avril Lavigne. To promote it, the band began the Less Than Jake tour in late 2009 and toured through Japan and Europe, eventually concluding in the U.S. in Spring 2010. In the fall that followed, the band had started recording original material for the first time since the release of "Phoenix". Proceeded by the singles "Ricky Bobby" and the title track "Get Nice!", Zebrahead's ninth studio album "Get Nice!" was released in July 2011, reaching No. 3 on the U.S. Top Heatseekers chart. Promotion came in the form of the tour Get Nice! or Die Trying, where the band performed in venues and festivals throughout Europe, Japan and Australia and the United States between the album's release and the summer of 2012.


title: Zebrahead

text: After recording in the first half of the year, Zebrahead's tenth studio album "Call Your Friends" was released worldwide in August 2013. Around the same time, the band announced the departure of guitarist Greg Bergdorf, who chose to leave in order to spend more time with his family. Lead guitarist of Death By Stereo, Dan Palmer took his place as the band's new guitarist. Zebrahead then toured in the U.S., Europe and Japan over the course of the following year, this time alongside acts MxPx and Allister. In October 2014, the band released their live DVD "Way More Beer", which was filmed and recorded during the band's tour of Germany earlier that year.


title: Zebrahead

text: In celebration of the twentieth anniversary of Zebrahead's formation, the band released their first compilation album "Greatest Hits? – Volume 1" on March 11, 2015, exclusively in Japan. As well as familiar material, the compilation features several re-recorded songs from the band's earlier albums with former lead singer/rhythm guitarist Justin Mauriello, this time featuring current lead Matty Lewis. The re-recorded songs were released separately outside Japan as the band's eleventh studio album under the title "The Early Years – Revisited" on April 21, 2015.


title: Zebrahead

text: After recording earlier in the year, Zebrahead's twelfth album "Walk the Plank" was issued on October 7, 2015. A continuation of their Walk the Plank/Out of Control tour that took place earlier that year ran between October 1 – December 11, 2015, in Japan and Europe. The band released a second compilation album on November 24, 2017, titled "The Bonus Brothers", featuring songs that were previously only available on the Japanese editions of their albums, while their thirteenth studio album "Brain Invaders" was released in March 2019.


title: Zebrahead

text: In April 2021, Zebrahead announced the departure of co-lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist, Matty Lewis. Adrian Estrella was revealed as his replacement shortly after, on June 28, 2021. The band's first single with Estrella, "Lay Me to Rest", premiered the following month on July 30, 2021 while the EP "III", the band's first release with Estrella, followed on November 26, 2021. The band is currently producing a follow-up to the EP titled "II", due for a late 2022 release.


title: Zebrahead

text: Zebrahead has been classified under genres such as punk rock, pop punk, rap rock, rap metal, rapcore and ska punk.


title: Susan Hill

text: Dame Susan Hill, Lady Wells, (born 5 February 1942) is an English author of fiction and non-fiction works. Her novels include "The Woman in Black", "", and "I'm the King of the Castle", for which she received the Somerset Maugham Award in 1971.


title: Susan Hill

text: She was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2012 Birthday Honours and Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in the 2020 Birthday Honours, both for services to literature.


title: Susan Hill

text: Hill was born in Scarborough, North Yorkshire. Her home town was later referred to in her novel "A Change for the Better" (1969) and in some short stories like "Cockles and Mussels".


title: Susan Hill

text: She attended Scarborough Convent School, where she became interested in theatre and literature. Her family left Scarborough in 1958 and moved to Coventry where her father worked in car and aircraft factories. Hill states that she attended a girls' grammar school, Barr's Hill. Her fellow pupils included Jennifer Page, the first Chief Executive of the Millennium Dome. At Barrs Hill, she took A levels in English, French, History, and Latin, proceeding to an English degree at King's College London. By this time, she had already written her first novel, "The Enclosure", which was published by Hutchinson in her first year at the university.


title: Susan Hill

text: Her next novel "Gentleman and Ladies" was published in 1968 and was runner-up for the John Llewellyn Rhys Prize. This was followed in quick succession by "A Change for the Better", "I'm the King of the Castle", "The Albatross" and other stories, "Strange Meeting", "The Bird of Night", "A Bit of Singing and Dancing" and "In the Springtime of the Year", all written and published between 1968 and 1974.


title: Susan Hill

text: Hill was engaged to David Lepine, organist at Coventry Cathedral, but he died of a coronary in 1972. In 1975, she married Shakespeare scholar Stanley Wells, and they moved to Stratford upon Avon. Their first daughter, author Jessica Ruston, was born in 1977, and their second daughter, Clemency, was born in 1985. A middle daughter, Imogen, was born prematurely, and died at the age of five weeks. In 2013, it was reported that she had left her husband and moved in with Barbara Machin, creator of "Waking The Dead", who adapted Hill's crime fiction novels featuring detective Simon Serrailler and Hill's "The Small Hand". However, she said that she was 'still married' to Wells in 2015. In 2016, Machin left Hill for comedian Rhona Cameron.


title: Susan Hill

text: In the 1990s Hill founded her own publishing company, Long Barn Books, which has published two Simon Serrailler short stories and "The Magic Apple Tree", all by Susan Hill, as well as "The Dream Coat" by Adele Geras, "Colouring In" by Angela Huth and "Counting My Chickens" by Deborah Devonshire.


title: Susan Hill

text: Hill's novels are written in a descriptive gothic style, especially her ghost story "The Woman in Black", which was published in 1983. She has expressed an interest in the traditional English ghost story, which relies on suspense and atmosphere to create its impact, similar to the classic ghost stories by Montague Rhodes James and Daphne du Maurier. The novel was turned into a play in 1987 and continues to run in the West End of London, joining the group of plays that have run for over twenty years. It was also made into a television film in 1989, and a film by Hammer Film Productions in 2012. She wrote another ghost story with similar ingredients, "" in 1992, and a sequel to du Maurier's "Rebecca" entitled "Mrs de Winter" in 1993.


title: Susan Hill

text: In 2004, Hill began a series of crime novels featuring detective Simon Serrailler, entitled "The Various Haunts of Men" (2004). This was followed by "The Pure in Heart" (2005), "The Risk of Darkness" (2006), "The Vows of Silence" (2009), "The Shadows in the Street" (2010), "The Betrayal of Trust" (2011), "A Question of Identity" (2013), "The Soul of Discretion" (2014) and "A Breach of Security", a short story (2014), "Hero", another short story (2016), "The Comforts of Home" in 2018 and "The Benefit of Hindsight" in October 2019.


title: Kwik Trip

text: Kwik Trip is a chain of convenience stores founded in 1965 with locations throughout Michigan, Minnesota,South Dakota, and Wisconsin under the name Kwik Trip, and in Illinois and Iowa under the name Kwik Star (to avoid confusion with QuikTrip). The company also operates stores under the name Tobacco Outlet Plus, Tobacco Outlet Plus Grocery, Hearty Platter, and Stop-N-Go. Kwik Trip, Inc. is a privately held company headquartered in La Crosse, Wisconsin.


title: Kwik Trip

text: Unlike many other convenience store chains, the company is vertically integrated across most of its product lines. It carries bagged milk and orange juice in pouches under the Nature's Touch brand via its in-house dairy. Kwik Trip also has an internal bakery operation which provides sliced and wrapped bread, doughnut and muffin products to its stores, along with a store brand snack line under the "Urge" branding. The company also maintains branding partnerships with several Upper Midwest professional sports teams, including Minnesota's Twins, Vikings, and Wild, along with the Green Bay Packers, Milwaukee Brewers, and Milwaukee Bucks (the latter featured as part of its chocolate milk line).


title: Kwik Trip

text: All locations have small grocery sections selling basic fruits, bread, canned food, frozen food, sliced cheeses, and ice cream, along with traditional convenience store food such as bottled drinks and hot dogs. Notably, the chain has sold bananas, baking potatoes, and yellow onions for 39 cents per pound as a loss leader, along with fresh beef, hot dogs, bratwurst, and chicken. They also all have heated and ready-to-eat food, and will cook food to order off a small menu. In 2018, the company acquired the south-central Wisconsin chain PDQ, which offered fresh fried chicken in their stores; the PDQ recipe and chicken was slowly rolled out to select stores before being available at most locations. The next year, the chain began to offer home delivery of hot food in select markets through a partnership with EatStreet.


title: Kwik Trip

text: Stores located off major highway exits operate as full service truck stops, with dual-pump fuel islands. Many of the truck stop locations also have overnight parking, showers, and full-service Denny's restaurants. Automatic car washes are also available at many stores, with some restrictions on availability and hours due to local noise and environmental ordinances.


title: Kwik Trip

text: Kwik Trip was founded in 1965 by the Hansen and Zietlow families in Eau Claire, Wisconsin. Over the next several years they added new locations surrounding Eau Claire.


title: Kwik Trip

text: The first La Crosse location opened in 1971, and in 1973, they built a distribution center and moved the headquarters to La Crosse. In the late 1970s and 1980s, Kwik Trip saw an influx in company growth; they had expanded the corporate offices three times, the distribution center twice, and hit the 100 stores mark in 1986.


title: Kwik Trip

text: In 1993, they opened their first location in Iowa under the name Kwik Star, and in 1997, Kwik Trip opened its first retail car wash which would soon become a staple for the brand. On January 1, 1999, Kwik Trip merged its petroleum, grocery, fresh delivery, and fleet maintenance departments to form its own transportation subsidiary, Convenience Transportation, LLC.


title: Kwik Trip

text: In 2000, the Zietlow family became the sole owner of Kwik Trip, Inc. The early 2000s also saw Kwik Trip's expansion on its grab-and-go food offerings, including the introduction of Glazers Donuts, the Hot Spot hot food program, and fresh food such as salads, produce, and sandwiches. By 2016, the chain had over 500 stores, all privately owned. In 2017, they acquired the chain PDQ, and acquired Stop–N–Go in 2020. On December 8, 2020 the first Kwik Star location opened in IL, a former Stop-N-Go store located in Rochelle.


title: Kwik Trip

text: In November 2021, plans were announced for a new store in Brandon, South Dakota under the Kwik Star name. This location will mark the company's first location in the state of South Dakota. Additional stores are expected to be planned in the Sioux Falls area.


title: Kwik Trip

text: A brand of in-store coffee that offers a variety of roasts ready to pour or to take home as pre-ground coffee bags. Kwik Trip also offers Karuba Gold, a line of specialty espresso drinks made-to-order by an automatic coffee machine.


title: Kwik Trip

text: A brand of in-store food including prepackaged salads, sandwiches, yogurt parfaits, pizza, and Hot Spot food items. The brand also sells fresh steak, ground beef, and relabels fresh brats, hot dogs, and sausages produced by Bakalars Sausage Co. under this name.


title: Kwik Trip

text: A brand of baked goods produced by Kwik Trip's bakery. The offerings include muffins, donuts, bagels, cookies, and a variety of sliced breads and buns.


title: Kwik Trip

text: A brand of bottled water, juice, eggs, and dairy products. The dairy products are produced at Kwik Trip's own milk processing plant and include butter, ice cream, and milk. What is most notable about Nature's Touch milk is that aside from jugs, it is available in bags, which is a rarity in the United States.


title: Kwik Trip

text: Kwik Trip stores employ a mixture of full-time, over-time and part-time employees. In addition to a store leader, each store employs an assistant store leader and about 3-5 guest service leaders. These employees are responsible for overseeing store operations while the store leader is out of the store. Additionally, each store has a food service leader and assistant food service leader responsible for overseeing the individual store's hot food program, ensuring that appropriate amounts of food are made and sold and the program continues to grow according to company expectations. District leaders supervise multiple stores in a given region, and zone leaders supervise multiple districts.


title: Kwik Trip

text: In 2011, Kwik Trip was named by the "Milwaukee Journal Sentinel" as the number one large workplace (over 500 employees) for workers in Southeastern Wisconsin. Kwik Trip beat out Mortgage Guaranty Insurance Corporation (MGIC) for the first spot.


title: Kwik Trip

text: In 2018, Kwik Trip was honored as the 2018 Convenience Store Chain of the Year by "Convenience Store Decisions".


title: Kwik Trip

text: In 2021, Kwik Trip was ranked #79 in Glassdoor's 2021 U.S. Best Places to Work. As a result, they were honored by Glassdoor with an Employees' Choice Award.


title: Sasaeng fan

text: In South Korean culture, a sasaeng, or sasaeng fan (; ), is an obsessive fan who stalks or engages in other behavior constituting an invasion of the privacy of Korean idols, drama actors or other public figures. The term "sasaeng" comes from the Korean words "sa-jeog" () meaning "private" and "saeng" () meaning "life", in reference to the fans' intrusion into celebrities' private lives. According to the estimates of celebrity managers in the Korean media, popular Korean celebrities may have "between 500 and 1,000 sasaeng fans", and be actively followed by about 100 sasaeng fans every day. Sasaeng fans are described as often being female, aged 13 to 22, and driven to commit what in some cases may amount to borderline criminal acts in order to gain attention from celebrities. Examples of such acts include seeking out celebrities at their dorms or homes, spreading rumours, stealing their personal belongings or information, harassing family members, and sending idols inappropriate gifts such as lingerie.


title: Sasaeng fan

text: Although the term "sasaeng" was coined much later, the obsessive, disruptive fan behavior it designates emerged with the rise of K-pop idol groups and "fandoms" in the 1990s, as noted by local English-language newspaper "Korea JoongAng Daily" in 2001. There are accounts of such fan behavior prior to the digital era from industry veterans and members of K-pop groups such as H.O.T. and g.o.d. With the rapid development of the Korean popular culture industry, and the spread of the "Hallyu" wave internationally in the 2000s and in recent decades, extreme and disruptive fan behavior towards Korean idols and celebrities has also been seen abroad.


title: Sasaeng fan

text: Many sasaengs are motivated by a desire to gain recognition from their idols and stand out from other fans. One sasaeng fan interviewed gave an explanation for this obsessive behavior: I feel like I get to know more about and get closer to the idol I love. If I go to a concert, there are thousands of people attending, so the idol would not know who I am. But if I become sasaeng, they will recognize me. If I keep telling them, 'I am so-and-so. I saw you at that place before. I am so-and-so', they will start to take note of me and ask 'Did you come again today?' To sasaeng fans, being recognized by idols is a good thing.This need for individual recognition from idols has fueled some notable sasaeng acts. Physical assault is one perceived way of being remembered. In 2012, a sasaeng reportedly slapped Yoochun, of the boy group JYJ, in the face, justifying herself by saying that the idol would surely remember her from then on.


title: Sasaeng fan

text: While sasaengs have formed a network to help spread and share information, a sasaeng's activity is also individualistic. The sasaeng who can get closest to an idol, or who can acquire private information no one else has, gains greater respect among other sasaengs.


title: Sasaeng fan

text: Anti-fans contrast with sasaeng fans in that their main goal is to see the ultimate failure of certain idols or groups. In 2006, TVXQ member Yunho was taken to hospital after accepting a drink laced with glue from an apparent fan. The suspect in this case had also given Yunho a letter criticizing TVXQ and seemingly threatening the band as a whole, and confessed to being an anti-fan of TVXQ. While both groups have been seen engaging in activities causing harm to idols and groups, sasaengs are motivated by the idea of recognition from idols, rather than a desire to ridicule and prevent the success of their target.


title: Sasaeng fan

text: Sasaengs have developed various methods for obtaining information about idols, and have formed a sasaeng network to share information and form groups to accomplish tasks. It has been noted that sasaeng fans old enough to work will try to get jobs in industries bringing them closer either to their idols or to information concerning them. Target employers may include airline companies, phone companies, and credit card companies. In 2017, Brave Entertainment, home of solo artist Samuel, dismissed two staff members for sasaeng fan activity that included following other artists and communicating personal information about Samuel.


title: Sasaeng fan

text: The increased popularity of social media has made possible the sale of information concerning idols on social media platforms such as Twitter, KakaoTalk, and Instagram. Some sasaengs have access to wide-ranging personal information, that may include home addresses, cellphone numbers, flight details, personal social media accounts, credit card account numbers, audio recordings, and videos. Some sellers also offer to sell the methods they use to obtain this information. One seller of such information tweeted:I have pretty much any idol's information. EXO, BTS, NCT, Wanna One, Produce 101, etc. Audio recordings, Kakao Talk, phone numbers, passports, Twitter [accounts], dormitories, private Instagram accounts, and videos. Send me a DM [direct message]. The so-called "sasaeng taxi" is a method used by sasaengs to follow idols to their scheduled activities or personal appointments. Such taxis charge an average of $600 a day, and will follow an idol or group for the entire day, exceeding speed limits and breaking other traffic rules. Drivers of such taxis may wait outside venues for customers.


title: Sasaeng fan

text: Such methods, costly in terms of both time and money, have resulted in sasaeng fans missing or dropping out of school, sleeping in Internet cafes, or turning to prostitution to cover their sasaeng-related expenses.


title: Sasaeng fan

text: In 2014, a 21-year-old woman was arrested for selling fraudulent merchandise of the band EXO. Most buyers never received their products, or later found that the woman had sold on to them products that she had rented. She admitted that the approximately 4.7 million won (c. $4,583) she had accumulated was intended to cover the cost of closely following EXO.


title: Sasaeng fan

text: The media understands sasaeng fans to be people who begin as "normal" fans but go on to devote their personal and social lives to the quest to stand out or become closer to an idol or celebrity. The portrayal of sasaeng behavior in the media often attaches fear and stigma to selectively represented actions identified as problematic, including missing school and sleeping in internet cafes to meet with idols.


title: Sasaeng fan

text: Typical media reports of sasaeng fan behavior focus on an instance, or instances, of socially disruptive fan activity, and include criticism from sources including "average" fans, industry representatives, and other figures whose social standing lends moral weight to the negative coverage. Fans of K-pop are often quick to draw distinctions between "normal" fandom and behavior said to characterize a sasaeng fan. Sasaeng fan identity and personality is often represented in mass and social media using terms that carry negative connotations and express extremes, such as "crazed", "obsessive", "maniac", "abnormal", "antisocial", "psychotic", "unstable", "sociopathic", "hostile", and "disturbing".


title: Sasaeng fan

text: K-pop boy bands TVXQ and JYJ have been particular targets of sasaeng attention, with reports of sasaeng fans tapping TVXQ band members' phones, breaking into the band's apartment, and poisoning member Yunho, who had to have his stomach pumped as a result. Sasaeng fans also installed cameras in JYJ member Yoochun's private parking lot. In 2012, audio of Yoochun and bandmate Jaejoong purportedly shouting at and hitting female fans was uploaded to an online message board. JYJ band members addressed this incident at a press conference. Yoochun said that sasaeng fans had been following the group for eight years, since they were members of TVXQ, and that the constant surveillance "felt like prison". Band member Junsu said that sasaeng fans had tapped his private phone calls, installed GPS trackers on the band's cars, and broken into their private property. Jaejoong issued an apology for lashing out at fans. A video of TVXQ member Changmin dragging and throwing a sasaeng from her cab was uploaded in 2018.


title: Sasaeng fan

text: There have been a number of car accidents involving Korean idols being followed by sasaeng fans. In 2011, two members of the band Super Junior were caught in a six-car collision after being chased by eight fan vehicles in Singapore. The band members, Leeteuk and Heechul, were unharmed, but Heechul later tweeted that he still suffered after-effects from the accident and was often afraid to drive. In 2013, Seungri, formerly of the band Big Bang, suffered minor injuries in a car accident in Shanghai involving a sasaeng fan. In 2015, Chanyeol of the band Exo wrote on Weibo that he was constantly followed by 20 fan vehicles during a visit to Shanghai. In 2016, Jackson of Got7 sustained minor injuries in an accident on the way to an airport in China that involved a fan closely following his car.


title: Sasaeng fan

text: Idols including Jung Yong-hwa of CNBLUE, Zico of Block B, Junho of 2PM, and Lay of Exo have reported incidents of sasaeng fans following them home or attempting to break in to their homes. In 2014, a fan unlawfully entered singer Seo Taiji's home, and was found sitting in the singer's car when police arrived. Seo did not press charges against the fan, who admitted to having "lurked" near the singer's home on other occasions.


title: Sasaeng fan

text: In November 2009, a fan of boy group 2PM member Ok Taecyeon posted writing in blood, later reported to be menstrual blood, as proof of her adulation. This obsessive behavior toward the celebrity led to criticism of her actions, including from other 2PM fans.


title: Sasaeng fan

text: In December 2009, an obsessive fan of MBLAQ’s Lee Joon (real name Lee Chang-sun) wrote and posted a message written in blood on social media. The message read, "Don't forget me, Lee chang-sun. I only have you. I love you". She cited the 2PM blood-writing incident as impetus and motive for her act, writing in her caption, "What was that Ok Taecyeon fan's blood writing. Period blood is so gross. I'll show what blood writing is."


title: Sasaeng fan

text: In January 2010, an obsessive fan of the group Wonder Girls cut her wrist and used her own blood to write, "Come back, Wonder Girls". She posted the picture of her face half-covered by her hand, showing the blood-writing and the scar on her wrist.


title: Sasaeng fan

text: Entertainment companies, idol groups, and individual idols have responded to sasaeng activity on social media or in interviews. Soompi, a Korean pop culture news site, has documented many of these cases.


title: Sasaeng fan

text: In a July 2018 interview, Brian, a member of the R&B duo Fly to the Sky, stated that packages had been delivered to his personal address and that he was worried not only for himself but for his family, who were also being harassed. He said, "I want to know what this person's reason is for leaving comments this bad, and I want them to stop." Other individual responses include GOT7's Mark and Youngjae, EXO's Lay, and Ailee, all of whom have reproached sasaeng fans for following idols back to their residences, flooding idols' phones with calls and texts, taking unwanted videos and pictures of idols, and following idols as they met their schedules.


title: Sasaeng fan

text: In April 2016, Girls' Generation band member Taeyeon complained of receiving constant calls from strangers. She posted screenshots showing missed calls from strangers on Instagram, saying "Just let me sleep", and "This is not helping at all for both of us".


title: Sasaeng fan

text: In April 2016, Shinee member Key posted a photo on Instagram of a KakaoTalk group chat of full of foreign fans. He stated that he had been struggling as a result of the number of chat room invitations and missed calls from sasaeng fans, and is quoted as addressing them to say, "You can't call yourself a fan", and "It is really insulting and unbearable".


title: Sasaeng fan

text: In 2013, the members of band EXO collectively expressed their frustration, noting the unfair treatment suffered by "normal" fans often mistaken for sasaengs. Member Suho called on sasaengs to stop such behavior if they truly cared about the group.


title: Sasaeng fan

text: Entertainment companies have also addressed the issue of sasaeng fans and their activities. Swing Entertainment, home of the group Wanna One, accused sasaeng fans of causing band members stress on tour in 2018. Girl group DreamCatcher's agency, Happy Face Entertainment, told sasaengs who had been waiting for members at their scheduled appointments and secretly taking photos and videos to stop such behavior. The agency stated that these actions had breached band members' privacy.


title: Sasaeng fan

text: The actions of sasaeng fans can have a psychological impact on some idols. D.O., a member of the band EXO, said in an interview that he had developed a "victim mentality" due to sasaengs, and that it had severely affected his public appearances and activities. In 2016, Heechul of Super Junior described feelings of paranoia, and the trauma that the actions of certain sasaeng fans had caused him. On the show "Handsome Boys of the 20th Century", first-generation idol singers Eun Ji-won of Sechs Kies and Moon Hee-joon of the band H.O.T also admitted to paranoid feelings whenever they left their homes. Eun stated that he developed an addiction to video games, as he would stay at home out of fear of being accosted by crowds of fans.


title: Sasaeng fan

text: Many countries have laws curtailing behavior characteristic of sasaeng fans. In the United States, the state of California adopted the country's first anti-stalking law in 1990. Laws differ from state to state, but all states have laws against stalking. In Germany, section 238 of the Criminal Code has imposed criminal sanctions on stalking since 2007, and legal protection was strengthened with the entry into force of the Act to Improve Protection Against Stalking in 2017. Japan has a number of laws covering different aspects of celebrity stalking. For example, waiting in front of house/office, following, wiretapping, and repeated relationship demands carry a penalty of 1 year of imprisonment or a fine of one million yen. Japan has also passed laws against continuous messaging, including on social media.


title: Sasaeng fan

text: Although sasaeng fan activity has caused K-pop celebrities difficulties since the 1990s, for many years Korea had no special laws to prevent or to penalize celebrity stalking. A sasaeng fan incident involving the band Sanulrim’s lead vocalist, Kim Changwan, moved the government to act. Kim Changwan was stalked by one of his fans for over 10 years, and he eventually accused the fan of stalking. After serving a jail term of 1 year, the fan resumed following the singer, ultimately assaulting him and breaking his nose. The law was amended to include an offense of "Persistent harassment", or stalking, in 2011.


title: Sasaeng fan

text: This clause, added to South Korea's Minor Offenses Act in February 2011, was aimed at protecting idols from overzealous fans. That same year, the South Korean government's Korea Creative Content Agency reportedly founded a support center for celebrities to offer counseling services "to relieve [celebrities] of any psychological stress."


title: Sasaeng fan

text: The Minor Offences Act was revised in March 2013 to impose a fine of KRW 80,000 (about US$72 at the time) for a conviction of stalking. Increased concerns, and a rising number of stalking victims, led to introduction of a new South Korean bill in February 2016 to increase the maximum penalty for stalking to KRW 20 million (about US$17,000 at the time) and two years in jail.


title: Sasaeng fan

text: On February 22, 2018, a national coordination meeting was held. At this meeting, the government announced plans to finalize details of stalking and dating violence prevention measures and penalties in the first half of that year, and clarify the definition of the offense of stalking and its types. It said that penalties for stalking would become more severe, with higher fines and prison sentences applying. These measures were to apply in celebrity stalking cases, recognizing that Korean celebrities suffer from many forms of abuse, both physical and mental, as a result of the actions of sasaeng fans.


title: Sasaeng fan

text: As of November 2018, the new measures had not yet become law, and did not yet appear on the government website listing all Korean laws.


title: Sasaeng fan

text: The television series "Reply 1997", portraying events in Korean popular culture of the 1990s, recounts the rise of fan obsession with celebrities. As opportunities for fans to interact with celebrities were limited, people opted to become "Sukso fans", or sasaeng fans who stay outside a celebrity's house all night until they get to see their idol. These fans had self-imposed rules against trespassing on the house, forcing the celebrity to come out, or taking pictures of the celebrity. Additionally, there is a characters in the webtoon, such as "Lookism", "Fashion King", "True Beauty", "Lost in Translation" and "So I Married an Anti-fan" who behaves in this manner.


title: Taarak Mehta

text: Taarak Janubhai Mehta was an Indian columnist, humourist, writer and playwright who is best known for the column "Duniya Ne Undha Chasma",and was a well-known figure in Gujarati theatre.


title: Taarak Mehta

text: His humorous weekly column first appeared in "Chitralekha" in March 1971 and looked at contemporary issues from a different perspective. He published 80 books in his whole career.


title: Taarak Mehta

text: In 2008, SAB TV – a popular entertainment channel in India, started the sitcom "Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah" based on his column, and soon it became the flagship show of the channel. Actor Shailesh Lodha portrayed Mehta in the show till September 2022.


title: Taarak Mehta

text: Mr.Taarak Mehta belonged to the Gujarati Nagar Bramin community. He lived in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, where he moved in 2000, with his second wife, Indu, of over 30 years. His first wife, Ila who later married Manohar Doshi (died 2006), also lived in the same apartment building. He had a daughter from his first marriage, Eshani, who lives in the United States, and has two grandchildren, Kushaan and Shailee.


title: Taarak Mehta

text: Mehta died at the age of 87 years on March 1, 2017 after a prolonged illness. His family donated his body to medical research.


title: Taarak Mehta

text: Mehta was awarded the Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award of India, in 2015. Gujarat Sahitya Akademi awarded him Sahitya Gaurav Puraskar in 2011 and Ramanlal Nilkanth Hasya Paritoshik (posthumously) in 2017.


title: Berlin, I Love You

text: Berlin, I Love You is a 2019 anthology romantic drama film starring an ensemble cast. A joint German and U.S. production, it serves as an installment of the "Cities of Love", series created by Emmanuel Benbihy.


title: Berlin, I Love You

text: It was released on February 8, 2019 in the United States, by Saban Films, and on August 8, 2019 in Germany, by Warner Bros. Pictures.


title: Berlin, I Love You

text: It was announced in October 2017 that filming had begun on the latest instalment of the "Cities of Love" series, and would conclude in November. Amongst the announced cast included Helen Mirren, Keira Knightley, Jim Sturgess, Mickey Rourke, and Diego Luna. Emily Beecham was announced as being cast in June 2018. A trailer shared by Dianna Agron, who stars in and directs a segment of the film, revealed the involvements of Luke Wilson, Charlotte Le Bon and Iwan Rheon.


title: Berlin, I Love You

text: In February 2019, artist Ai Weiwei claimed that his section of "Berlin, I Love You" was cut due to pressure from China's government. "The reason we were given for the episode’s removal [..] was that my political status had made it difficult for the production team."


title: Berlin, I Love You

text: "Berlin, I Love You" received negative reviews from film critics. It holds approval rating on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on reviews, with an average of . On Metacritic, the film holds a rating of 34 out of 100, based on eight critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".


title: Highlife

text: Highlife is a music genre that started in present-day Ghana in the 19th century, during its history as a colony of the British Empire and through its trade routes in coastal areas. It describes multiple local fusions of African metre and western jazz melodies. It uses the melodic and main rhythmic structures of traditional Akan music, Kpanlogo Music of the Ga people, but is typically played with Western instruments. Highlife is characterized by jazzy horns and multiple guitars which lead the band and its use of the two-finger plucking guitar style that is typical of African music. Recently it has acquired an uptempo, synth-driven sound.


title: Highlife

text: Highlife gained popularity in the genre "Native Blues" prior to World War II before production was shut down. After the war its popularity came back within the Igbo people of Nigeria, taking their own traditional guitar riffs and the influence of the Ghanaian highlife performing ideas, mixed and perfected it to form Igbo highlife which became the country's most popular music genre in the 1960s.


title: Highlife

text: Highlife has remained a part of popular music for Ghanaians and their diaspora globally through its integration with religious institutions and the positive effect it had on immigrating Ghanaians leaving their homeland.


title: Highlife

text: The following arpeggiated highlife guitar part is modeled after an Afro-Cuban guajeo. The pattern of attack-points is nearly identical to the 3-2 "clave motif" guajeo as shown below. The bell pattern known in Cuba as "clave" is indigenous to Ghana, and is used in highlife.


title: Highlife

text: The origins of Highlife stem from colonialism and trading in West Africa through regional styles of music;


title: Highlife

text: Palm-wine music was one style that originated on costal locations when local musicians began using portable instruments brought by traders and fused it with local string and percussion instruments. It was usually played in a syncopated 4/4 metre. This music was played in low class palm-wine bars at ports where sailors, dock workers, and working class locals would drink and listen to the music. Eventually this genre worked its way inland and a more Africanized version came containing 12/8 polyrhythms, this would be known as the "Native Blues". This style would gain popularity up until World War 2 when production of the records were stopped.


title: Highlife

text: A style of highlife that resembled western brass bands in European forts across West Africa. The military would use local musicians in their brass band regiments and taught them linear marching music. After these musicians saw how the West Indian regimental bandsmen practiced traditional music in their spare time it inspired them to do the same. The fusion of linear marching music with polyrhythmic local music created a danceable style called adaha, as well as a style with cheaper, local instruments called konkoma. This fusion was similar to the birth of jazz in New Orleans.


title: Highlife

text: In the 1920s, Ghanaian musicians incorporated foreign influences like the foxtrot and calypso with Ghanaian rhythms like "osibisaba" (Fante). Highlife was associated with the local African aristocracy during the colonial period, and was played by numerous bands including the Jazz Kings, Cape Coast Sugar Babies, and Accra Orchestra along the country's coast. The high class audience members who enjoyed the music in select clubs gave the music its name. The dance orchestra leader Yebuah Mensah (E.T. Mensah’s older brother) told John Collins in 1973 that the term 'highlife' appeared in the early 1920s "as a catch-phrase for the orchestrated indigenous songs played at [exclusive] clubs by such early dance bands as the Jazz Kings, the Cape Coast Sugar Babies, the Sekondi Nanshamang and later the Accra Orchestra. The people outside called it the highlife as they did not reach the class of the couples going inside, who not only had to pay a relatively high entrance fee of about 7s 6d (seven shillings and sixpence), but also had to wear full evening dress, including top-hats if they could afford it." From the 1930s, highlife spread via Ghanaian workers to Sierra Leone, Liberia, Nigeria and Gambia among other West African countries, where the music quickly gained popularity.


title: Highlife

text: In the 1940s, the music diverged into two distinct streams: dance band highlife and guitar band highlife. Guitar band highlife featured smaller bands and, at least initially, was most common in rural areas. Because of the history of stringed instruments like the seprewa in the region, musicians were happy to incorporate the guitar. They also used the "dagomba" style, borrowed from Kru sailors from Liberia, to create highlife's two-finger picking style. Guitar band highlife also featured singing, drums and claves. E.K. Nyame and his Akan Trio helped to popularize guitar band highlife, and would release over 400 records during Nyame's lifetime. Dance band highlife, by contrast, was more rooted in urban settings. In the post-war period, larger dance orchestras began to be replaced by smaller professional dance bands, typified by the success of E.T. Mensah and the Tempos. As foreign troops departed, the primary audiences became increasingly Ghanaian, and the music changed to cater to their tastes. Mensah's fame soared after he played with Louis Armstrong in Accra in May 1956, and he eventually earned the nickname, the "King of Highlife". Also important from the 1950s onward was musician King Bruce, who served as band leader to the Black Beats. Some other early bands were, the Red Spots, the Rhythm Aces, the Ramblers and Broadway-Uhuru.


title: Highlife

text: Economic problems led to a mass migration of Ghanaians in the 1960s looking for more opportunities and after that political instability in the '70s and '80s would cause more people and many prominent highlife musicians to leave and create clusters of communities across the west with Germany being a preferred destination because of its relaxed immigration laws.


title: Highlife

text: Ghanaians in Germany created a secular style of highlife that combined the genre with funk, disco, and synth-pop. It is believed it was called burger highlife because the largest communities of Ghanaians resided in Hamburg. The music became associated with migrants who would travel between Germany and Ghana. It also would become defined by its use of modern technologies; by the late '90s, productions used solely electronic instruments.


title: Highlife

text: Considered one of the most popular music genres to both Ghanaians and its diaspora, gospel highlife has outlived burger highlife because of its success in blurring the lines between religion and pop culture. This genre is similar to burger highlife but its inspiration comes from Charismatic Christianity and Pentecostalism. Its significance within the communities stems from the religious institution's ability to provide social and cultural infrastructure for the Ghanaian diaspora in Germany.


title: Highlife

text: E.T. Mensah and Kofi Ghanaba were important musicians in Ghana. From the late 1950s, famous jazz musicians began to visit Ghana, such as Ahmad Jamal and Louis Armstrong who played in Ghana (1956 and 1960). Armstrong's All Stars member Edmond Hall came to Ghana in 1959 to set up a short-lived jazz in Accra.


title: Highlife

text: Guy Warren was one notable musician who played with E.T. Mensah and the Tempos before moving to America and working with musicians such as Red Saunders to record the album "Africa Speaks, America Answers", as well as playing with Duke Ellington in Chicago for a short time. Warren is credited with introducing highlife to the United States in an attempt to bring African-American musicians back in touch with the music of Africa, as awareness of African influence on Afro-American music was lacking before the "African musical renaissance" of the late '50s.


title: Mike Garcia (politician)

text: Michael Joseph Garcia (born April 24, 1976) is an American politician and former United States Navy pilot serving as the U.S. representative for California's 25th congressional district. A Republican, he was first elected in a May 2020 special election and went on to win a full term in the general election.


title: Mike Garcia (politician)

text: Garcia was born in Granada Hills, California, and educated at Saugus High School, the United States Naval Academy, and Georgetown University. He served in the U.S. Navy from 1998 to 2012, participating in multiple combat missions during the Iraq War. Following his active duty in the Navy he worked at Raytheon Intelligence & Space.


title: Mike Garcia (politician)

text: Garcia has faced and defeated Democratic nominee Christy Smith in all three of his successful elections: the 2020 special election held to fill the vacancy caused by Representative Katie Hill's resignation; the 2020 general election, when he won his first full term; and the 2022 general election, when he won his second term. Due to redistricting, Garcia will represent the new 27th district in the next Congress.


title: Mike Garcia (politician)

text: Mike Garcia was born on April 24, 1976, in Granada Hills, California, a suburb of Los Angeles, to parents who had immigrated from Mexico in 1959. In 1994, he graduated from Saugus High School and earned a Bachelor of Science in political science, graduating in the top 3% of his class, from the United States Naval Academy after being nominated by Representative Buck McKeon. In 1998, he earned a Master of Arts in national security policy studies from Georgetown University.


title: Mike Garcia (politician)

text: Garcia joined the United States Navy in May 1998, and was sent to flight school at Naval Air Station Pensacola. He was deployed as an F/A-18 aviator from the USS "Nimitz". During the 2003 invasion of Iraq, he participated in over 30 combat missions before being honorably discharged.


title: Mike Garcia (politician)

text: From 2009 to 2018, Garcia worked as a business development manager at Raytheon Intelligence & Space, one of four business segments of Raytheon Technologies.


title: Mike Garcia (politician)

text: In the 2018 election in California's 25th congressional district, Democrat Katie Hill defeated incumbent Representative Steve Knight. In April 2019, Garcia announced that he would challenge Hill in the 2020 election. On November 3, 2019, Hill resigned from Congress due to a scandal involving her relationship with a campaign staffer. Governor Gavin Newsom ordered a special election to fill the vacancy caused by Hill's resignation.


title: Mike Garcia (politician)

text: Garcia placed second in the nonpartisan blanket primary on March 3, 2020, ahead of former Representative Steve Knight and behind Christy Smith, a member of the California State Assembly. Garcia was endorsed by the Club for Growth and the Susan B. Anthony List.


title: Mike Garcia (politician)

text: Garcia campaigned on strengthening the United States military and cutting taxes to improve the economy, specifically in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. He also campaigned against the Democratic leadership in the California state government. His platform included promises to "defeat socialism" and "build the wall." Garcia said he was in favor of "securing and better surveillance of our borders."


title: Mike Garcia (politician)

text: On May 12, 2020, Garcia defeated Smith in the special election in an upset. She officially conceded the race the next day, but affirmed her intention to run against Garcia in the November general election for a full term in Congress. Garcia's victory marked the first time since 1998 that a Republican flipped a California congressional district held by a Democrat; in 1998, Doug Ose won in the 3rd congressional district. He is also the first Hispanic Republican representative to serve from California since Romualdo Pacheco left office in 1883, after representing the 4th congressional district.


title: Mike Garcia (politician)

text: In the November general election, Garcia faced Smith in a rematch. In August, Garcia was listed as one of the 10 most vulnerable House members by "Roll Call". Votes were still being counted a week after the election, though Smith held a lead. Smith conceded to Garcia on November 30, 2020. Garcia raised $3 million more than Smith. Garcia won by only 333 votes.


title: Mike Garcia (politician)

text: Garcia ran for reelection in what is now California's 27th congressional district. He defeated Christy Smith again in the November 8, 2022, general election. Garcia's win resulted in the Republican Party winning its 218th seat in the 2022 United States House of Representatives elections, giving Republicans the House majority in the 118th United States Congress.


title: Mike Garcia (politician)

text: Garcia was sworn into office on May 19, 2020. In January 2021, he voted to object to Congress's certification of the states' Electoral College votes.


title: Mike Garcia (politician)

text: On January 4, 2021, Garcia announced his intention to reject the results of some states' electoral votes based on unsubstantiated claims of fraud. On January 6, he voted to overturn the results of the 2020 election by objecting to Congress's certification of the states' Electoral College votes. After Garcia faced criticism for rejecting the results, he continued to cite false claims of fraud as his reasons for doing so. He later acknowledged Joe Biden's win and said the "election process has run its course".


title: Mike Garcia (politician)

text: According to "California Catholic Daily", Garcia opposes abortion and does not support federal funding of Planned Parenthood. After winning the special election, he signed a petition to bring the Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act to the House floor for a vote. Garcia has cosponsored proposed legislation that would virtually ban abortion and some forms of birth control.


title: Mike Garcia (politician)

text: During a virtual debate with Smith before the special election, Garcia said that financial aid to small businesses should be administered through cities and local chambers of commerce.


title: Mike Garcia (politician)

text: Garcia has called on the United States House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis to investigate Governor Gavin Newsom's policy on nursing homes during the pandemic. Along with other Republican representatives, Garcia claimed that Newsom had ignored guidance provided by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.


title: Mike Garcia (politician)

text: According to Garcia's campaign website, he supports passing a $750 billion budget for the United States Department of Defense.


title: Mike Garcia (politician)

text: Garcia voted against impeachment in Donald Trump's second impeachment after the 2021 attack on the United States Capitol.


title: Mike Garcia (politician)

text: Garcia has an A rating from the Gun Owners of America. He voted against the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act.


title: Mike Garcia (politician)

text: Garcia has advocated for repealing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. During his campaign, he said he "was not a big fan of Medicaid."


title: Mike Garcia (politician)

text: Garcia supports the construction of a wall along the Mexico–United States border. He is in favor of increasing surveillance at the border. Garcia has voiced opposition against legalizing the DREAM Act.


title: Mike Garcia (politician)

text: On July 19, 2022, Garcia and 46 other Republican U.S. representatives voted for the Respect for Marriage Act, which would codify the right to same-sex marriage in federal law.


title: Mike Garcia (politician)

text: In January 2021, Garcia introduced the State and Local Tax (SALT) Fairness Act, a bill to eliminate the SALT deduction cap created in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. Compared to residents of other states, Californians are disproportionately impacted by the SALT deduction cap.


title: Mike Garcia (politician)

text: In 2022, Garcia was one of 39 Republicans to vote for the Merger Filing Fee Modernization Act of 2022, an antitrust package that would crack down on corporations for anti-competitive behavior.


title: Mike Garcia (politician)

text: Garcia's wife Rebecca is an interior designer. They have two sons. Garcia and his family live in Santa Clarita, California.


title: Run's House

text: Run's House is an American reality television series that debuted on October 13, 2005. The series chronicles the family life of former Run–D.M.C. rapper and hip-hop music pioneer Joseph Simmons, also known as Rev Run.


title: Run's House

text: The series is about the family life of former Run–D.M.C. rapper and hip-hop music pioneer Joseph Simmons, also known as Rev Run.


title: Run's House

text: Its theme song and show name are from the Run-D.M.C. album "Tougher Than Leather". It was filmed in the Simmons family home in Saddle River, New Jersey; the Simmons offices in Manhattan, New York; and the apartment shared by Joseph's daughters, Vanessa and Angela, in Los Angeles, California.


title: Run's House

text: Joseph Ward Simmons (born November 14, 1964 in Hollis, Queens) is one of the founding members of hip-hop group Run–D.M.C. He is known as DJ Run, Joey Simmons or Rev Run, which is a play on his religious title. He is the youngest brother of artist Daniel Simmons, Jr. and Def Jam Records co-founder Russell Simmons. He entered the hip hop scene as a DJ for Kurtis Blow. He assumed the alias "Son of Kurtis Blow", but later changed it to "Run".