title: The Week Of

text: The day of the wedding arrives and despite everything, the ceremony goes off without a hitch. During the reception, Kirby confronts Kenny over his behavior and helps him realize that he did it all out of a need to do one more thing for his daughter. Unfortunately, they have this talk while being held up during a dance for a long time, and one of the carriers collapses, spilling water which hits the electronics, starting a fire.


title: The Week Of

text: Feeling awful, Kenny admits why he did the things he did to Sarah, who forgives him. The rest of the reception is held at the Lustig house and Kenny and Kirby agree that the latter should pay for the first big family vacation.


title: The Week Of

text: The film received negative reviews from critics. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 26% based on 27 reviews, and an average rating of . The site's critical consensus reads, ""The Week Of" suggests promise in further collaborations between Sandler and Robert Smigel, but its shopworn premise and listless execution aren't enough to recommend it." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 41 out of 100, based on 11 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".


title: The Week Of

text: Richard Roeper of the "Chicago Sun-Times" gave the film 1.5 out of 4 stars, calling it lazy and saying: "Sandler gives a relatively restrained performance as the well-meaning dad. Rock seems barely invested in paying attention to the other actors, and reads his lines as if he’s hoping there won’t be another take and he won’t have to go through this again. Even with helpful title cards telling us it’s 'MONDAY,' 'TUESDAY,' etc., etc., this is a week that feels 10 days long." Peter Debruge, writing for "Variety", called the film "lazy and overlong" and said: "Back in autopilot mode, Sandler phones in what may qualify as the lowest-concept comedy of his career — which, thankfully, is not the same as the lowest point in his career (that would be "Jack and Jill", the cross-dressing debacle that began the downward slide that landed him at Netflix in the first place)."


title: Search engine results page

text: Search Engine Results Pages (SERP) are the pages displayed by search engines in response to a query by a user. The main component of the SERP is the listing of results that are returned by the search engine in response to a keyword query. The page that a search engine returns after a user submits a search query. In addition to organic search results, search engine results pages (SERPs) usually include paid search and pay-per-click (PPC) ads.


title: Search engine results page

text: The results are normally ranked by relevance to the query. Each result displayed on the SERP normally includes a title, a link that points to the actual page on the Web, and a short description showing where the keywords have matched content within the page for organic results. For sponsored results, the advertiser chooses what to display.


title: Search engine results page

text: Due to the huge number of items that are available or related to the query, there are usually several pages in response to a single search query as the search engine or the user's preferences restrict viewing to a subset of results per page. Each succeeding page will tend to have lower ranking or lower relevancy results. Just like the world of traditional print media and its advertising, this enables competitive pricing for page real estate, but is complicated by the dynamics of consumer expectations and intent— unlike static print media where the content and the advertising on every page is the same all of the time for all viewers, despite such hard copy being localized to some degree, usually geographic, like state, metro-area, city, or neighbourhood, search engine results can vary based on individual factors such as browsing habits.


title: Search engine results page

text: The organic search results, query, and advertisements are the three main components of the SERP, However, the SERP of major search engines, like Google, Yahoo!, Bing, Petal, Sogou may include many different types of enhanced results (organic search, and sponsored) such as rich snippets, images, maps, definitions, answer boxes, videos or suggested search refinements. A recent study revealed that 97% of queries in Google returned at least one rich feature.


title: Search engine results page

text: The major search engines visually differentiate specific content types such as images, news, and blogs. Many content types have specialized SERP templates and visual enhancements on the first search results page.


title: Search engine results page

text: Also known as 'user search string', this is the word or set of words that are typed by the user in the search bar of the search engine. The search box is located on all major search engines like Google, Yahoo, Bing, Petal, Sogou. Users indicate the topic desired based on the keywords they enter into the search box in the search engine.


title: Search engine results page

text: In the competition between search engines to draw the attention of more users and advertisers, consumer satisfaction has been a driving force in the evolution of the search algorithm applied to better filter the results by relevancy.


title: Search engine results page

text: Search queries are no longer successful based upon merely finding words that match purely by spelling. Intent and expectations have to be derived to determine whether the appropriate result is a match based upon the broader meanings drawn from context.


title: Search engine results page

text: And that sense of context has grown from simple matching of words, and then of phrases, to the matching of ideas. And the meanings of those ideas change over time and context. Successful matching can be crowdsourced, what are others currently searching for and clicking on, when one enters keywords related to those other searches. And crowdsourcing may be focused based upon one's own social networking.


title: Search engine results page

text: With the advent of portable devices, smartphones, and wearable devices, watches, and various sensors, these provide ever more contextual dimensions for consumers and advertisers to refine and maximize relevancy using such additional factors that may be gleaned like: a person's relative health, wealth, and various other statuses, time of day, personal habits, mobility, location, weather, and nearby services and opportunities, whether urban or suburban, like events, food, recreation, and business. Social context and crowdsourcing influences can also be pertinent factors.


title: Search engine results page

text: The move away from keyboard input and the search box to voice access, aside from convenience, also makes other factors available to varying degrees of accuracy and pertinence, like a person's character, intonation, mood, accent, ethnicity, and even elements overheard from nearby people and the background environment.


title: Search engine results page

text: Searching is changing from explicit keywords: codice_1, or codice_2, or codice_3 to vocalizing from a particular time and location: codice_4. And getting the results that one expects.


title: Search engine results page

text: Organic SERP listings are the natural listings generated by search engines based on a series of metrics that determine their relevance to the searched term. Webpages that score well on a search engine's algorithmic test shown in this list. These algorithms are generally based upon factors such as quality and relevance of the content, expertise, authoritativeness, and trustworthiness of the website and author on a given topic, good user experience and backlinks.


title: Search engine results page

text: People tend to view the first results on the first page. Each page of search engine results usually contains 10 organic listings (however some results pages may have fewer organic listings). According to a 2019 study, the click-through rates (CTRs) for the first page goes as follows:


title: Search engine results page

text: Several major search engines offer "sponsored results" to companies, who may pay the search engine to have their products or services appear above other search hits. This is often done in the form of bidding between companies, where the highest bidder gets the top result. A 2018 report from the European Commission showed that consumers generally avoid these top results, as there is an expectation that the topmost results on a search engine page will be sponsored, and thus less relevant.


title: Search engine results page

text: Rich snippets are displayed by Google in the search results pages when a website contains content in structured data markup. Structured data markup helps the Google algorithm to index and understand the content better.


title: Search engine results page

text: Featured Snippet is a summary of an answer to a user's query. This snippet appears at the top of the list of search hits. Google supports the following types of featured snippets:


title: Search engine results page

text: Search engines like Google, Bing, Sogou have started to expand their data into Encyclopedia and other rich sources of information.


title: Search engine results page

text: Google for example calls this sort of information "Google Knowledge Graph", if a search query matches it will display an additional sub-window on right hand side with information from its sources.


title: Search engine results page

text: Google discover formerly known as Google feed is a way of getting topics and news information to users on the homepage below the search box.


title: Search engine results page

text: Major search engines like Google, Yahoo!, Bing, Petal, Sogou primarily use content contained within the page and fallback to metadata tags of a web page to generate the content that makes up a search snippet. Generally, the HTML title tag will be used as the title of the snippet while the most relevant or useful contents of the web page (description tag or page copy) will be used for the description.


title: Search engine results page

text: Search engine result pages are protected from automated access by a range of defensive mechanisms and terms of service. These result pages are the primary data source for Search engine optimization, the website placement for competitive keywords that has become an important field of business and interest. Google has even used Twitter to warn users against this practice


title: Search engine results page

text: The sponsored (creative) results on Google can cost a large amount of money for advertisers. The most expensive keywords are for legal services, especially personal injury lawyers in highly competitive markets. These keywords range in the hundreds of USD, while the most expensive is nearly 1000 USD for each sponsored click.


title: Search engine results page

text: The process of harvesting search engine result pages data is usually called "search engine scraping" or in a general form "web crawling" and generates the data SEO-related companies need to evaluate website competitive organic and sponsored rankings. This data can be used to track the position of websites and show the effectiveness of SEO as well as keywords that may need more SEO investment to rank higher.


title: Search engine results page

text: There are more than 200 different factors defining ranking in SERP. User experience is one of the most important indicators for the Search Engines. They strive to display the most relevant results for their users and constantly check the user behavior regarding websites that are in SERP.


title: Search engine results page

text: Search Engines can change the position of a website if its CTR is very low compared with the competitors.


title: Brian Robinson Jr.

text: Brian Robinson Jr. (born March 22, 1999) is an American football running back for the Washington Commanders of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Alabama, where he was two-time CFP national champion before being selected by the Commanders in the third round of the 2022 NFL Draft. Prior to the start of his rookie season, Robinson was shot twice during an armed robbery after leaving a restaurant and returned to the team less than two months later.


title: Brian Robinson Jr.

text: Robinson Jr. was born on March 22, 1999, in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. He attended Hillcrest High School, where he rushed for 990 yards and 18 touchdowns as a senior and was named second team Class 6A All-State. Robinson was rated a four-star recruit and committed to play at the University of Alabama.


title: Brian Robinson Jr.

text: In his collegiate debut against Vanderbilt, Robinson scored his first collegiate rushing touchdown in the 59–0 victory. As a freshman, Robinson rushed for 165 yards and two touchdowns as a reserve player behind Najee Harris and Josh Jacobs as Alabama went on to win the 2018 CFP National Championship Game.


title: Brian Robinson Jr.

text: In the 2018 season, Robinson carved out a role as Alabama's fourth running back. Robinson gained 272 yards and two touchdowns on 63 carries in his sophomore season.


title: Brian Robinson Jr.

text: In the 2019 season, Robinson became Alabama's second running back, only behind Najee Harris. As a junior, Robinson rushed 96 times for 441 yards and five rushing touchdowns while catching 11 passes for 124 receiving yards.


title: Brian Robinson Jr.

text: In the 2020 season, Robinson continued to be the second running back to Harris. Alabama won their second national title during his time there. He totaled 91 carries for 483 rushing yards and six rushing touchdowns.


title: Brian Robinson Jr.

text: Following Harris leaving for the NFL Draft, Robinson finally became Alabama's featured back as a fifth-year senior in 2021. Though hampered by injuries, Robinson roughly equaled his output of the previous four years, leading the SEC in carries and touchdowns. He dominated the Alabama backfield in terms of production. On October 2, against Ole Miss, he had 36 carries for 171 rushing yards and four rushing touchdowns in the 42–21 victory. In the following game against Texas A&M, he had 207 scrimmage yards in the 41–38 loss. In the next game against Mississippi State, he had 141 scrimmage yards and three total touchdowns in the 49–9 victory. In the next game, against Tennessee in the Third Saturday in October, he had 26 carries for 107 rushing yards and three rushing touchdowns in the 52–24 victory. He was named the most valuable player of the 2021 Cotton Bowl Classic after rushing for 204 yards, a school record for a bowl game. He finished the 2021 season with 271 carries for 1,343 rushing yards, and 14 rushing touchdowns to go along with 35 receptions for 296 receiving yards and two receiving touchdowns.


title: Brian Robinson Jr.

text: Robinson was selected by the Washington Commanders in the third round (98th overall) of the 2022 NFL Draft, as one of three picks the New Orleans Saints had traded to acquire the pick they used to draft Chris Olave. He signed his four-year rookie contract on May 18, 2022. On August 28, 2022, Robinson was shot in the knee and glute during an armed robbery involving two men after leaving a restaurant in the Near Northeast neighborhood of Washington, D.C. shortly before 6p.m. EDT. He suffered no life-threatening damage and was discharged from MedStar Washington Hospital Center the following day. Robinson missed the first four games of the season before making his NFL debut in Week 5 against the Tennessee Titans, where he rushed nine times for 22 yards.


title: Brian Robinson Jr.

text: Robinson's first career touchdown came the following week against the Chicago Bears, a game-winner in the fourth quarter of the Commanders' 12–7 victory. He recorded his first career 100-yard rushing game in a Week 12 win over the Atlanta Falcons, where he also had a receiving touchdown in the 19–13 victory. He was named the 2022 Inspiration of the Year by "Sports Illustrated".


title: Bologna sandwich

text: The bologna sandwich is a sandwich common in the United States and Canada. Also known as a baloney sandwich, it is traditionally made from sliced bologna sausage between slices of white bread, along with various condiments, such as mayonnaise, mustard, and ketchup.


title: Bologna sandwich

text: The bologna sandwich is a regional specialty in the East, Midwest, Appalachia, and the South. It is a sandwich served at lunch counters of small, family-run markets that surround the Great Smoky Mountains, and fried bologna sandwiches can be found on restaurant menus in many places in the South. The fried version is likewise sometimes sold at concession stands in stadiums, like those of the Cincinnati Reds. In Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, it is called "jumbo". In Knoxville, Tennessee, the sandwich is referred to in local slang as a "Lonsdale ham" sandwich, after the less-affluent neighborhood of Lonsdale in Knoxville.


title: Bologna sandwich

text: Many variations exist, including frying the meat first and adding various garnishes such as cheese slices, pickles, tomatoes, and onions.


title: Haul truck

text: Haul trucks are off-highway, rigid dump trucks specifically engineered for use in high-production mining and heavy-duty construction environments. Haul trucks are also used for transporting construction equipment from job site to job site. Some are multi-axle in order to support the equipment that is being hauled.


title: Haul truck

text: Most haul trucks have a two-axle design, but two well-known models from the 1970s, the 350T Terex Titan and 235T Wabco 3200/B, had three axles. Haul truck capacities range from to .


title: Haul truck

text: Large quarry-sized trucks range from . A good example of this is the Caterpillar 775 (rated at ). Quarry operations are typically smaller than, say, a gold/copper mine, and require smaller trucks.


title: Haul truck

text: The largest, highest-payload-capacity haul trucks are referred to as "ultra class" trucks. The ultra class includes all haul trucks with a payload capacity of or greater. , the BelAZ 75710 has the highest payload capacity, .


title: Haul truck

text: A rear-eject configuration is an alternative haul truck body style. Instead of lifting the bed vertically, the hydraulic cylinder pushes a ram-face horizontally through the body to eject the hauled load.


title: Haul truck

text: Rear-eject dump vehicles were first introduced in the 1980s by LeRoy Hagenbuch, P.E. of Philippi-Hagenbuch, Inc., for a refuse hauling application in New York City. They were designed to work on Volvo BM truck chassis. While the functionality of the ejector bodies worked well, they were prone to maintenance issues and not replicated until the 1990s. The next documented ejector bodies were developed by DDT, a UK truck manufacturer. A variation using steel chains instead of a hydraulic ram was introduced by Bell, but did not become popular.


title: Haul truck

text: Caterpillar Inc. began offering a rear-eject option using technology originally designed for its scrapers after one of its contractors successfully converted a few CAT D400 models. The new design, installed on the company's D400E model, was less likely to jam in cold weather. CAT later began manufacturing a standard R.E. body for its 730, 740, and 740B articulating haul-truck series.


title: Haul truck

text: Philippi-Hagenbuch, a company specializing in truck body design, developed its own mechanism for its rear-eject bodies, and has patented its design in the US, Europe and Australia. The company customizes Rear-Eject bodies or trailers for several manufacturers' off-highway vehicles; including both rigid and articulating varieties.


title: Haul truck

text: As of 2014 Caterpillar Inc. and Philippi-Hagenbuch, Inc. are continuing to manufacture Rear-Eject bodies for off-highway applications, each using its own design of mechanism.


title: Haul truck

text: Because rear-eject bodies do not lift, or move externally in any way, they maintain a lower center of gravity. This means more stability on uneven terrain where the truck might tip over during the dump process. The truck can also be driven while dumping is in progress; this reduces subsequent time and effort spent on grading the dumped material.


title: Haul truck

text: Rear-ejects are typically better suited to completely eject sticky material, preventing "carry-back."


title: Muramasa: The Demon Blade

text: Muramasa: The Demon Blade, known in Japan as , is an action role-playing game developed by Vanillaware for the Wii, and later the PlayStation Vita. The game was published in 2009 by Marvelous Entertainment (Japan), Ignition Entertainment (North America), and Rising Star Games (Europe). The Vita version was published in 2013 by Marvelous AQL in Japan and Aksys Games in Western territories. Using a 2D side-scrolling perspective, the gameplay revolves around a beat 'em up fighting system, while incorporating role-playing elements such as leveling and questing.


title: Muramasa: The Demon Blade

text: "Muramasa" takes place during the Edo period on Japan's main island of Honshu. Due to ruling "shōgun" Tokugawa Tsunayoshi's thirst for power, conflicts have arisen over ownership of the Demon Blades, samurai swords that force their wielders to kill others before bringing tragedy and madness upon them. The story revolves around two different protagonists related to this conflict — Momohime, a woman who is possessed by the spirit of vengeful "rōnin" Jinkuro Izuna; and Kisuke, an amnesiac ninja on the run for a forgotten crime who is tied up with the tragedy that destroyed Momohime's family. The Vita port includes four self-contained stories based on Japanese folklore released under the banner title .


title: Muramasa: The Demon Blade

text: The concept work for "Muramasa" began during the middle of development on "Odin Sphere". Along with improving on the action gameplay over "Odin Sphere", a great deal of effort was put into making the game's setting authentic to the period. Kamitani created the story based on kabuki theatre, incorporating Japanese folklore and Buddhist theology. When the game released in the West, it retained its Japanese voicetrack to preserve its atmosphere. It released to moderate sales and positive reviews. The Vita port, released in the West as "Muramasa Rebirth", released to strong sales and similar reception to its original version.


title: Muramasa: The Demon Blade

text: "Muramasa" is a two-dimensional (2D) side-scrolling action role-playing game set on the main Japanese island of Honshu during the Edo period. Players take control of two characters with similar gameplay abilities. Navigation takes place through hand-drawn 2D side-scrolling environments reminiscent of Japanese artwork of the period, and can enter towns to talk with non-playable characters (NPCs) and buy items such as health restoratives and accept quests. An additional cooking element allows the characters to cook meals using materials gathered during exploration: meals grant temporary character boosts, and fill a "fullness" meter that limits how much food a character can eat.


title: Muramasa: The Demon Blade

text: Combat comes in the form of both avoidable random encounters and scripted fights where the camera is fixed within the fighting area: enemies and bosses are primarily drawn from Japanese folklore and mythology. Battles are triggered only when enemies are near, with the player character otherwise keeping their weapons sheathed. In combat, characters attack and guard using a single-button prompt, while another button accesses items such as healing potions. Continuously attacking triggers combos. Different moves include sword slashes combined with directional buttons, which have different effects such as throwing an enemy into the air with an upward slash. Additional offensive items such as smoke bombs are acquired during the course of the game. At the end of each battle, experience points are awarded to the player character depending on how fast the battle was finished: leveling up increases a character's health, stats, and the amount of damage inflicted upon enemies.


title: Muramasa: The Demon Blade

text: Weapons are distinguished into two categories, Blade (katana) and Long Blade (nōdachi): Blades are fast, while Long Blades are slower and deal higher damage. Three blades can be equipped at any one time: each blade has its own stats, determining the amount of damage that can be inflicted. When blocking or using a blade's Secret Art special move, its Soul Power gauge depletes: if emptied, the sword breaks and its offensive abilities are drastically reduced. When sheathed, the Soul Power regenerates. Soul Power can be gathered in various locations to restore Soul Power and the character's health. There are 108 blades that can be collected and forged in-game: forging blades requires Soul Power and "spirit", and each blade has a level cap determining when it can be forged. Weapon forging is governed by a weapon-based skill tree.


title: Muramasa: The Demon Blade

text: "Muramasa" takes place on Honshu, the main island of the Japanese archipelago, with its overall style and setting drawing heavily upon Japanese folklore and mythology. It is set in the Genroku period, itself within the larger Edo period, during the reign of the "shōgun" Tokugawa Tsunayoshi. Tsunayoshi's thirst for power has created conflict around ownership of the Demon Blades, samurai swords forged by the legendary swordsmith Muramasa Sengo that crave blood when drawn and bring madness and death to those foolish enough to draw them. Due to the chaos generated by this, the Demon Blades' powers begin summoning demons from Hell (Yomi), along with causing ancient gods to stir from long slumber.


title: Muramasa: The Demon Blade

text: The two lead characters are , a princess of the Narukami clan from the locality of Mino; and , a runaway ninja with no memories but a burning desire for vengeance. For the course of the game, Momohime is inadvertently possessed by the spirit of , an unscrupulous rōnin who was trying to possess the body of Momohime's betrothed , a high-status samurai. Momohime and Kisuke are each accompanied and watched over by a kitsune in human form. They are , who holds affection for Jinkuro, and , who aids Kisuke in his quest against the Demon Blades' corruption. A key character in Kisuke's storyline is , Momohime's sister.


title: Muramasa: The Demon Blade

text: Momohime's story begins after she wakes up in Kyo with memories of being killed by the dying Jinkuro when he was aiming for her betrothed, the samurai lord Yukinojo. Upon encountering the spirit of Jinkuro, he forcefully possesses her, but before the process of soul transference is finished, they are attacked. In the confusion, Momohime's soul is kidnapped by the vengeful monk Rankai and Jinkuro is forced to follow Kongiku as Momohime's body will die if her soul is harmed. With her soul safe, Jinkuro sets out to regain the Dark Resurrection Demon Blade so he can properly utilize his Soul Transference Technique and gain influence through a new host. Encountering Yukinojo, who is searching for Momohime, the two battle. Momohime forces Jinkuro to spare Yukinojo, even when she learns that Yukinojo's intentions in marrying her were part of a scheme to ruin her family as punishment for defying the "shōgun". Jinkuro goes to Yukinojo's compound to retrieve the Dark Resurrection, but the storehouse where it is said to be is absorbed into Hell by demons. Descending into Hell, Jinkuro's soul is briefly captured by a demon, and it is only with Momohime's help that he escapes and learns that the Dark Resurrection was never in the storehouse. With Momohime's body beginning to fail due to the strain Soul Transference put on it, Jinkuro attempts to ascent to Heaven so he can become an immortal demon, but is stopped by Raijin and Fujin.


title: Muramasa: The Demon Blade

text: While willing to accept his death and allow Momohime her remaining time in her body, Kongiku shows them another way to Heaven. There, Yukinojo appears and reveals that he had the Dark Resurrection all along. They are then attacked by Fudo-Myoou, who is there to deliver divine justice upon Jinkuro. In the first ending, Jinkuro allows himself to be sent to Hell while Momohime lives; she decides to forgo her marriage to Yukinojo and become a Buddhist nun in the hope of saving Jinkuro's soul through prayer. In the second ending, Momohime and Jinkuro are intercepted by Kisuke and Yuzuruha, resulting in Kongiku being robbed of her human form as punishment for her defiance. Though defeated, Kisuke delivers a fatal wound to Momohime, forcing Jinkuro to merge his soul with Momohime's to save her: this act leaves her an amnesiac but grants her Jinkuro's sword fighting abilities, which become legendary as she travels Japan in search of her missing memories. In the third ending, after the battle with Fudo-Myoou Jinkuro is transported to the night he first attacked Yukinojo and Momohime with the power of the Oboro Muramasa Demon Blade, which can defy the passage of fate. He chooses not to attack them, then later possesses Yukinojo's body and uses that position to ensure Momohime's safety and her family's security. Momohime herself lives to be one hundred years old and bears three children, while Kongiku remains close to Jinkuro in the guise of a servant.


title: Muramasa: The Demon Blade

text: Kisuke's story begins with him suffering amnesia and on the run from his former ninja comrades. Returning to Edo to discover the truth in the company of Yuzuruha, he accidentally breaks an ancient seal keeping damned souls at bay. Defeating the monsters they manifest as, he learns from his mollified ninja companions and their employer Yukinojo that he was part of a mission to steal the Kuzuryu Demon Blade from Momohime's Nakurami Clan and punish them for defying the "shōgun"s order to surrender it, which in turn was tied in with Yukinojo's intentions in marrying Momohime. Yukinojo sends Kisuke against Torahime, Momohime's sister and the shrine maiden in charge of keeping the Kuzuryu's power in check. Pursuing her, Kisuke fights both Torahime and undead soldiers loyal to her family. In pursuit of her, he faces agents who are preserving the flow of magic energy to Mount Fuji, including a young Yamabushi. His battles awaken his memories: he was originally disguised as a servant in Torahime's household as part of Yukinojo's scheme to destroy her family, but fell in love with Torahime and attempted to betray his ninja comrades when stealing the Kuzuryu. Dying from his wounds, the spirit of Senju Oboroya, the creator of the Oboro Style that controls the Demon Blades, fused with Kisuke to save his life and pass on the Oboro Style to someone who would use it for good. The fusion triggered Kisuke's amnesia, but left him with the ability to wield Demon Blades without succumbing to their evil.


title: Muramasa: The Demon Blade

text: Rescuing Torahime from the spider demon Tsuchigumo, Kisuke learns that she died while fleeing from the "shōgun"s forces, and that her present life is a temporary gift from Amitābha. The two travel to Mount Fuji, where its native dragon god has gone berserk with rage after Japan's ley line energy is diverted to Edo, forcing a route into Heaven. The true culprit is the dark deity imprisoned in the Kuzuryu, the mad god Inugami. Upon being confronted, the possessed "shōgun" Tsunayoshi fatally wounds Torahime, who dies in Kisuke's arms: Kisuke then defeats Tsunayoshi and takes possession of the Kuzuryu. In the first ending, after the battle, Kisuke asks Amitābha to return the now-enlightened Torahime to life, then commits suicide as an act of defiance when his demand is refused. Torahime asks for her and Kisuke to be reincarnated so she can help him attain enlightenment. In the second ending, Kisuke arrives to find Tsunayoshi killed by the Jinkuro-possessed Momohime. Kisuke exorcises Jinkuro, and following Torahime's final request becomes Momohime's servant. The two then set out on a personal quest to locate all the Demon Blades causing conflict in Japan. In the third ending, after his battle, Kisuke is sent back in time to the day he first betrayed his employers through the Oboro Muramasa's power. His warning allows Torahime to foil the plot against her family, then Kisuke steals the Kuzuryu and sets off on a journey around the world to exhaust its power by striking down evil, promising to marry Torahime upon his return.


title: Muramasa: The Demon Blade

text: The "Genroku Legends" are split into four different stories directly inspired by Japanese folklore and set in the "Muramasa" universe.


title: Muramasa: The Demon Blade

text: In "Fishy Tales of the Nekomata", a domestic cat called Miike sees her family brought to ruin and all its members killed. Possessing the dying body of the family daughter Okoi and becoming a nekomata, she vows revenge against her family's killers, assassins employed by their rival Netsuzo Wakamiya. Despite succeeding, her rage remains unsated and she extends her wrath to the entire household. In the end, her tails are cut off by Jinkuro when he is hired to exorcise her: before being robbed of her powers, she curses Jinkuro with illness, setting the events of Momohime's story in motion. Now at peace, Miike spends time with an old priest and hosts moonlight dances with local cats and bakeneko. In the alternate ending, Miike becomes a ravenous demon whose rage is finally quelled by the old priest.


title: Muramasa: The Demon Blade

text: In "A Cause to Daikon For", a local farmer named Gonbe stirs up a revolt when the local "daimyō" raises the taxes to the point that his village is on the brink of ruin. Aided by the spirit of his deceased wife Otae, Gonbe fights through the "daimyō"s minions before killing him. After the fight, it is revealed that he has been relating his story to Enma, the King of Hell and, due to his actions, is condemned to be tormented there. Due to her love for him, Otae willingly joins Gonbe despite being a pure soul. However, due to the punishment demons being overworked and Gonbe complaining to Enma, he is banished with his comrades and Otae back to the living world, where they get a chance to live in peace under a new and kinder "daimyō". In the alternate ending, the entire sequence is said to have been illusions holding Gonbe's spirit captive around the ruins of the "daimyō"s castle. He, Otae and his comrades are freed by a traveling Yamabushi and ascend to heaven.


title: Muramasa: The Demon Blade

text: In "A Spirited Seven Nights' Haunting", the Iga ninja Arashimaru infiltrates the house of the Okabe clan, where Arashimaru steals the sacred Spear of Bishamon and kills the leader of the Okabe clan. After learning that he was actually the leader's son, Arashimaru flees in disgust. Taking shelter in a shrine, Arashimaru accidentally breaks a mirror sacred to the Goddess Inaraki, who becomes a Shirohebi (white snake) that curses him to die in seven days. Heading to exact revenge on the Iga leader after besting his master Shiranui in combat, Arashimaru learns that his mission was orchestrated by So Xian, a Ming-era Chinese spy working to destabilize Japan's ruling classes who was indirectly responsible for the taking of the young Kisuke from his family. Arashimaru kills So Xian and escapes his lair with Shiranui's aid, then goes peacefully to his death after asking the saddened Shirohebi to give his head and Spear of Bishamon to his brother Dengoro so he can restore the Okabe house. Arashimaru's head is given proper burial at the Shirohebi's insistence, and Arashimaru's spirit is deified due to the grave becoming a prayer site for pilgrims. In the alternate ending, Arashimaru is possessed by So Xian's spirit, who enslaves Shirohebi and takes on the name "Orochimaru". In a desperate act of defiance, Shirohebi has Shiranui spirit away the Okabe clan's last surviving heir during Orochimaru's attack who, when grown, takes on the name "Jiraiya" to fight Orochimaru.


title: Muramasa: The Demon Blade

text: In "Hell's Where the Heart Is", an Oni girl named Rajyaki, daughter of Enma, is journeying to recover the treasures of the Seven Gods of Fortune that she lost. On her journey, a womanizing ex-monk called Seikichi accidentally proposes to her and she accepts him as her husband. In the end, Seikichi saves her after a grueling battle by feeding her the sacred peach of Fukurokuju. Due to this, she is banished from Hell by her father. In one ending, the Seven Gods of Fortune persuade Rajyaki to return to her father, while Seikichi moves to live a proper life. In the end, Rajyaki returns in human form and formalizes their marriage, which continues after Seikichi dies and goes to Hell. In the alternate ending, Rajyaki and Seikichi run into each other again when she is being hunted by samurai. Seikichi saves her, pretending he killed her and using that to establish himself as a samurai. Rajyaki takes the guise of his human wife, and they have five children who bear their mother's demonic horns. The "Genroku Legends" conclude with the narrator detailing the locations of the Seven Gods' treasures scattered through the stories, and thanking the player for locating them and calming Enma so his demons could return to Hell.


title: Muramasa: The Demon Blade

text: "Muramasa" was developed by Vanillaware, a studio created by former Atlus staff members to create successor projects to the 2D action-adventure game "Princess Crown". According to sound producer Hitoshi Sakimoto, the game's director George Kamitani was laying out plans for "Muramasa" when "Odin Sphere" was in the middle of development. According to Kamitani, while "Odin Sphere" was an evolution of "Princess Crown"s narrative, "Muramasa" provided the chance of evolving its gameplay. He even went so far as to dub it ""Princess Crown III"". The draft proposal was completed by the end of 2006. The positive sales of "Odin Sphere" gave Vanillaware the capital needed to begin full development on "Muramasa". The game was also co-funded by their publishing deal with Marvelous Entertainment, who were sold the project after "Odin Sphere"s publisher Atlus refused to take any further products from Vanillaware until "Odin Sphere" had released, in addition to delaying the game so it would not compete with their main 2007 release "Persona 3". In addition to Atlus, they also pitched to Capcom, but Vanillaware's untested reputation prompted them to be turned down. Kamitani stated in a later interview that Vanillaware would have closed had Marvelous not accepted the project. The team's style of development was identical to their strategy for "Odin Sphere", although they worked to change up some aspects to make it a unique experience. When developing the game, the team decided to create a vertical plane for players to explore, something which the team had needed to forego with "Odin Sphere". In addition, bathing sequences cut from "Odin Sphere" were reworked and incorporated into "Muramasa" as hot spring scenes.


title: Muramasa: The Demon Blade

text: "Muramasa" was worked on by 16 people, over half the entire staff of Vanillaware, including Kamitani as the game's writer. The Wii was chosen as the game's platform of release as its specs were fairly close to that of the PlayStation 2, the console for which "Odin Sphere" was developed. This meant that the team could carry over their earlier experience rather than start from scratch learning about new hardware. Kamitani did create design proposals for versions on the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, but went undeveloped due to budget limitations. Using the Wii's motion controls was tested by the team, but due to the game's old-fashioned style there was little need to implement them. Part of the reason for this decision was that the precision needed to control characters was best achieved using a traditional control set-up. The biggest problem when developing for the Wii was the graphics, especially how to get the various pieces of artwork in the game's scenery to interact and respond properly. They also wanted to keep loading times down to a minimum, which was made possible due to the Wii's area pre-loading abilities. Technical tinkering of this kind went on until the end of development. The game's programmer was Kentaro Ohnishi, whose biggest challenge was creating a battle system which allowed for cancelling of attacks, while maintaining the appearance of smooth attack animation. The resultant code looked so strange that another programmer thought it was a fault and deleted it, forcing Ohnishi to rebuild it. The team was highly dedicated to the success of the project, putting a large amount of work to make it as good as it could be for players. By the time of release, funds for the company had been drained. Production overall was stressful, with an external company handling debugging due to the team being exhausted.


title: Muramasa: The Demon Blade

text: Kamitani wrote the story of "Muramasa" based on his wish to create a "ninja "Princess Crown"". As "Odin Sphere" had drawn inspiration from Shakespearean theater, "Muramasa" instead used kabuki as its influence, prompting Kamitani to buy kabuki scripts as part of his research. Due to this and the script's many references to classic Japanese literature, Kamitani had trouble handling the old-fashioned writing style. As he was nervous about using Japanese mythology so extensively, he also incorporated Buddhist theology into the narrative. In creating the game's atmosphere, which was based on Japan as it was in the Edo era combined with local folklore and mythology, the team wanted to create an air of realism within its fantasy world.


title: Muramasa: The Demon Blade

text: The game's setting was a heavy departure from Vanillaware's previous games, which had used Western-inspired settings and stories. The overall atmosphere was meant to emulate those of "The Legend of Kage" and "Genpei Tōma Den". The game's central theme was "death". Kamitani's early concept was based on the long-running television drama "Mito Kōmon", but his wish for something "stranger" let to the kabuki influences. The early story draft was based on "Kanadehon Chūshingura", a kabuki play based on the history of the forty-seven rōnin. Only a small amount of the initial draft survived, with Torahime being a hangover character. Much of Momohime's story was based on the play "Sakurahime Azuma Bunsho". Kamitani was writing the game's dialogue right into February, when voice recording took place. Several potential playable characters and storylines, such as narratives following Jinkuro and Torahime, had to be cut from the game. Elements of the cut storylines were incorporated into Kisuke and Momohime's stories. The number of protagonists in the story was dictated by the game's budget, as Kamitani's initial idea was for more characters similar to the narrative of "Princess Crown".


title: Muramasa: The Demon Blade

text: In keeping with the wish for realism, Momohime and Kisuke were given distinct accents (Momohime used a cultured dialect while Kisuke spoke with an Edogawa accent). Another realistic element was the game's food, which was designed based on the types of delicacies that were popular in the 17th and 18th centuries. One of the folklore references was the 108 Demon Blades in the game, which was a direct reference to the 108 human vices in Japanese folklore. A number of monsters and deities from Japanese mythology made appearances in the game, and the art style was intended to give a "Japanese" feel without consciously copying artwork from the game's period. Character designs were handled by Yasuhiro Fujiwara, Yasuo Shirai, Takehiro Shiga, Kouichi Maenou and Ine Kawazu. Kamitani's art style choice was influenced by the bright ink-wash style of Japanese woodblock prints. He also drew inspiration from the folklore-centered anime series "Manga Nippon Mukashibanashi". The artwork was created at double its in-game resolution, then reduced to fit within the hardware.


title: Muramasa: The Demon Blade

text: The music was handled by a team from sound company Basiscape, composed of multiple composers who had worked on "Odin Sphere". Sakimoto acted as sound producer, the sound director was Masaaki Kaneko, and the music was composed by Sakimoto, Yoshimi Kudo, Noriyuki Kamikura, Mitsuhiro Kaneda, Kimihiro Abe, Azusa Chiba and Masaharu Iwata. Sakimoto was working on music for "Odin Sphere" when the project was first proposed, and thought Kamitani was being overambitious working on a premise-based in Japan when developing a game based on European mythology. During the initial planning stage, Sakimoto thought the game would be a "mock-Japanese" project, with Japanese instruments inserted into techno music. Once he realized how sincere Kamitani was with the project, Sakimoto and the team needed to re-identify with the roots of traditional Japanese music. For Sakimoto, his approach was to reconnect with how earlier Japanese people turned their wabi-sabi philosophy and worldview into words and music: he carried over this approach into the project. Each of the composers had to go through similar experiences.


title: Muramasa: The Demon Blade

text: "Muramasa" was announced at the 2007 Tokyo Game Show (TGS) under the title , alongside its intended platform, setting and gameplay mechanics. After its announcement, information releases about the game virtually stopped, and an April 2008 report by "Famitsu" reported the game's development was "struggling", although no details were revealed. "Muramasa" was reintroduced at TGS 2008 under its Japanese title, along with its planned release window in 2009 and details on its characters and story. The game released in Japan on April 9, 2009, published by Marvelous Entertainment. It was released as part of Nintendo Channel's budget game line-up in January 2010, and re-released on the Virtual Console for Wii U in July 2015.


title: Muramasa: The Demon Blade

text: It was announced for a release in North America under the title "Muramasa: The Demon Blade" in October 2008 for a release the following year. The game was originally being published by Xseed Games, but in April 2009 they announced that they were dropping the title from their schedule. Publishing rights were transferred to Ignition Entertainment. Ignition Entertainment later explained that it was in competition with Xseed and Atlus to acquire the American publishing rights, and after seeing "Muramasa" at TGS 2008 they were encouraged to apply for the rights. The change between publishers was an internal agreement between Xseed, their parent company Marvelous USA, and Ignition. The situation was amicably resolved as Xseed already had a large number of Wii titles lined up, and giving "Muramasa" to another publisher allowed multiple titles not to be overlooked when it came to Western publicity. The game released in North America on September 8, 2009. The game's localization was done by external localization companies in close collaboration with Ignition Entertainment. Due to the game's strong Japanese atmosphere, it was seen as a hard sell in the West, but during localization a lot of work went into preserving it rather than adjusting it for Western tastes. Due to this, the game was not dubbed into English, but instead retained its Japanese voice track while text was localized. An aspect Ignition worked hard with was to make sure the localization was of good quality by working closely with their chosen localization partners. This was due to backlash received by fans and critics over the "lackluster" localization of "Lux-Pain", which had been beyond their control during development.


title: Muramasa: The Demon Blade

text: The game was published in Europe by Rising Star Games alongside other Marvelous products including "" and "Arc Rise Fantasia". The English translation was carried over from the North American version, although the English language version underwent regional adjustment, and some minor faults were corrected. The game was also translated into French, Italian, German and Spanish, which made using the original translation more practical than creating a new one. Originally scheduled for November 2009, it was first shifted into 2010, then moved back into 2009. The game released in Europe on November 6 of that year. Upon release in the United Kingdom, most retailers did not stock it: this was put down to a general attitude that it would not sell like prevalent franchises or games from mainstream genres. The game released in Australia on December 3, 2009.


title: Muramasa: The Demon Blade

text: "Muramasa Rebirth", released in Japan under its original title of "Oboro Muramasa", is a port of "Muramasa" developed by Vanillaware for the PlayStation Vita. According to its development team, the Vita was chosen as the port's platform over the more commercially successful Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 due to the Vita's OLED-based screen, which they felt better portray the game's palette. While content was cut during the original version's development, the team decided against going back and restoring it, instead creating new additional content. The controls were also adjusted to suit the new platform. "Muramasa Rebirth" was published in Japan by Marvelous AQL on March 28, 2013. The game's Western release was handled by Aksys Games, which also created a new localization. Compared to the original version, which was described as a direct translation, Aksys Games' version was more "flavorful" and more faithful to the original text. It released in North America on June 25. It was released in Europe and Australia through PlayStation Network on October 16.


title: Muramasa: The Demon Blade

text: In addition to the main game, four self-contained stories were released as downloadable content (DLC) under the title , featuring new characters within the "Muramasa" universe. For the new characters, swords are replaced by other weapons such as clubs and shurikens, but they otherwise play in the same way as Momohime and Kisuke. New music was created for the title under Sakimoto's supervision: the four episodes were scored by Kudo, Chiba, Kaneda and Iwata respectively. The Vanillaware-developed DLC launched in both Japan and the West between November 2013 and November 2014: the final DLC's Japanese release was delayed by over two months behind the Western release. A special edition of "Muramasa Rebirth" exclusive to Japan contained all four DLC episodes alongside the original content.


title: Muramasa: The Demon Blade

text: "The Demon Blade" received generally positive reviews, garnering a score of 81/100 on Metacritic based on 58 critic reviews. In its review, "Famitsu" praised the art style, and called the battle system "absorbing". Their main complaints were the lack of variety between characters and the story having no proper climax. "Destructoid"s Conrad Zimmerman called it "a very solid title", saying that while flawed in its story delivery and instances of repetition, its visuals were "absolutely beautiful" and it proved fun to play. "IGN"s Mark Bozon was highly positive about the graphics and sound, but thought the backtracking might put some people off and said the story "may go over people’s heads". "Game Revolution" writer Nick Tan enjoyed the game greatly, but admitted that its lack of depth reduced the score he could give it as a reviewer. Joe Juba, writing for "Game Informer", found "The Demon Blade" "stunning" despite some missteps in its pacing and depth. "GameSpot"s Tom McShea praised the visuals, boss battles and collectable swords, but found few other activities outside combat, which itself lacked depth. "GamePro"s Andy Burt called the visuals "gorgeous" and praised the combat and multiple storylines, but found its linearity and occasions where combat got "bogged down" hampered the experience. "GameTrailers" praised its combat and visuals, calling it "one of the better action titles on the [Wii]". Keza MacDonald, writing for "Eurogamer", noted that "like many beautiful things, ["Muramasa: The Demon Blade"] is a little lacking in substance", saying that its lack of depth undermined other aspects. Michael Cunningham of "RPGamer" called it "a great game" to see and play despite its plain story. RPGFan's Dennis Rubinshteyn shared several points in common with reviewers about the story and repetition, while again praising the graphics and sound design.


title: Muramasa: The Demon Blade

text: "Rebirth" also had a positive reception, with Metacritic giving it a score of 78/100 based on 26 critic reviews. In its review, "Famitsu" praised it for being a good remake, although one reviewer was disappointed at the lack of new content. Chris Carter of "Destructoid" said that people who had already played the original version would not find much new content, while newcomers would likely be enchanted by it. Juba, reviewing "Rebirth" for "Game Informer", said that the game was "exactly what developer Vanillaware intended it to be: a better-looking version of the 2009 release", while noting that this had not fixed the game's original faults as noted by him. "IGN"s Colin Moriarty called "Rebirth" a "faithful port", praising the improved localization and generally enjoying playing despite backtracking hampering the experience. Adrian den Ouden of "RPGamer" also praised the localization and shared points of praise and criticism with the previous reviewer. Stephen Meyerink of "RPGFan", who had not played the Wii original, called "Rebirth" "a gorgeous, action-packed, fairly lengthy adventure that looks, sounds, and plays better than ever". Chris Holzworth of "Electronic Gaming Monthly" was impressed by the visuals and indifferent about the story, and recommended playing it on a higher difficulty setting.


title: Muramasa: The Demon Blade

text: On its debut in Japan, "The Demon Blade" reached #2 in game sales charts, coming in behind "Sengoku Basara: Battle Heroes" with 29,000 units sold. Sales of the title were higher than anticipated, resulting in several stores in Japan being sold out within two weeks of its release. The game had sold 47,000 units by November 2009. In North America, NPD Group reported that the game had sold 35,000 units during its first month of release. In a feature on notable video games in 2009, "GamesTM" stated that "The Demon Blade" sold "extremely well", besting established Western franchise releases such as "". Ignition Entertainment, the game's North American publisher, confirmed that the September sales for "The Demon Blade" had fallen within the NPD Group's estimates, and had met their sales expectations. In a 2010 interview, publisher Marvelous Entertainment stated that, despite positive reception from both critics and players, "Muramasa: The Demon Blade" had suffered from low sales in Japan, North America and Europe. This was put down to it being a non-traditional game and the falling relevance of the Wii hardware.


title: Muramasa: The Demon Blade

text: In its first week of release, "Rebirth" debuted at #5, selling 45,660 physical units. Within the first month following its release in Japan, the game topped 100,000 shipments, with at least 67,800 physical retail sales, and the remainder as digital copies distributed on the PlayStation Network. "Muramasa Rebirth" ranked as the seventh most downloaded digital Vita game on the Japanese PlayStation Network in 2013. In both North America and Europe, the game ranked high on PSN download charts: it ranked as the fifth best-selling Vita title in North America, while in Europe it debuted at #5 before climbing to #4 by December 2013.


title: Dispur

text: It became the capital in 1973, when Shillong the erstwhile capital, became the capital of the state of Meghalaya that was carved out of Assam.


title: Dispur

text: Dispur is the seat of power of Government of Assam. The Assam Secretariat (Janata Bhawan) building is located in Dispur along with the Assam Legislative Assembly House, MLA Hostels and the State Emergency Operations Centre. The Assam Trunk road and the G S road passes through Dispur. To the south of Dispur lies the theologically important site of Basistha Ashram and the Shankardev Kalakshetra, a cultural centre created in the 1990s. Next to Dispur is the township of Jatia.


title: Dispur

text: The Guwahati Tea Auction Centre, one of the busiest tea trading facilities in the world, is located in the city.


title: Dispur

text: Dispur, being a part of Guwahati, has warm summers and cold winters. Winters are also accompanied by occasional rainfalls that bring down the temperature further. Monsoon season in Dispur commences from the month of June. Dispur monsoons are usually accompanied by severe thunderstorms along with heavy downpours.


title: Dispur

text: Dispur is part of Gauhati (Lok Sabha constituency).BJP's Atul Bora is the incumbent MLA of Dispur (Vidhan Sabha constituency).


title: Dispur

text: Dispur is home to many hospitals and healthcare centers including Guwahati Neurological Research Centre (GNRC) Hospitals, Dispur Hospital and Capital State Dispensary.


title: Conga

text: The conga, also known as tumbadora, is a tall, narrow, single-headed drum from Cuba. Congas are staved like barrels and classified into three types: quinto (lead drum, highest), tres dos or tres golpes (middle), and tumba or salidor (lowest). Congas were originally used in Afro-Cuban music genres such as conga (hence their name) and rumba, where each drummer would play a single drum. Following numerous innovations in conga drumming and construction during the mid-20th century, as well as its internationalization, it became increasingly common for drummers to play two or three drums. Congas have become a popular instrument in many forms of Latin music such as son (when played by conjuntos), descarga, Afro-Cuban jazz, salsa, songo, merengue and Latin rock.


title: Conga

text: Although the exact origins of the conga drum are unknown, researchers agree that it was developed by Cuban people of African descent during the late 19th century or early 20th century. Its direct ancestors are thought to be the yuka and makuta (of Bantu origin) and the bembé drums (of Yoruba origin). In Cuba and Latin America, congas are primarily played as hand drums. In Trinidadian calypso and soca, congas are sometimes struck with mallets, while in the Congos, they are often struck with one hand and one mallet.


title: Conga

text: Most modern congas have a staved wooden or fiberglass shell and a screw-tensioned drumhead. Since the 1950, congas are usually played in sets of two to four, except for traditional rumba and conga, in which each drummer plays one conga. The drums are played with the fingers and palms of the hand. Typical congas stand approximately from the bottom of the shell to the head. The drums may be played while seated. Alternatively, the drums may be mounted on a rack or stand to permit the player to play while standing. While they originated in Cuba, their incorporation into the popular and folk music of other countries has resulted in diversification of terminology for the instruments and the players. In Cuba, "congas" are called "tumbadoras".


title: Conga

text: Conga players are called "congueros", while "rumberos" refers to those who dance following the path of the players. The term "conga" was popularized in the 1930s, when Latin music swept the United States. Cuban son and New York jazz fused together to create what was then termed mambo, but later became known as salsa. In that same period, the popularity of the conga line helped to spread this new term. Desi Arnaz also played a role in the popularization of conga drums. However, the drum he played (which everyone called a conga drum at the time) was similar to the type of drum known as "bokú" used in his hometown, Santiago de Cuba. The word "conga" came from the rhythm "la conga" used during "carnaval" (carnival) in Cuba. The drums used in carnaval could have been referred to as "tambores de conga" since they played the rhythm "la conga", and thus translated into English as "conga drums".


title: Conga

text: Conga drums are classified according to their size, which correlates to their pitch: larger drumheads have a lower pitch and vice versa. Originally, drums were tuned by adjusting knots and tension ropes on the drumhead, or, more commonly, where the drum-heads were tacked or nailed to the top of the shell, by careful heating of the head. Modern congas, developed in the early 1950s, use a screw-and-lug tension head system, which makes them easier to tune (or detune). This modern type of tension system was pioneered in Cuba by Carlos "Patato" Valdés and in the United States by Cándido Camero.


title: Conga

text: Historically, terminology for the drums varies between genres and countries. In ensembles that traditionally employ a large number of drums, such as comparsas and rumba groups, a detailed naming system is used, which has been taken up by major conga manufacturers. The drums are listed from largest to smallest (drumhead sizes vary considerably by manufacturer, model, and style):


title: Conga

text: In "conjuntos" that play son cubano, as well as in charangas and other ensembles where one or two congas were introduced to complement other rhythmic instruments, the drums are named like the bongos: "macho" (male) and "hembra" (female), for the higher and lower-pitched drums, respectively; an additional drum would be called "tercera" (third). These correspond to the "tumba" and "conga" in rumba ensembles. When the "quinto" is played by "conjuntos" it retains its name.


title: Conga

text: Congas, being percussive instruments, do not have to be tuned to any particular note in purely percussive settings. However, when playing with harmonic instruments, they may be tuned to specific notes. Congas are often tuned using the open tone. In general, the particular note will depend on the make, model, and size of the conga drum. The drum should be tuned so that the bass tone resonates, the open tone rings, and the slap pierces through the musical mix. If the tuning is too loose, the bass and slap tones will sound "flabby"; too tight, and the drums will sound unnatural and "pinched". With a single drum, it is easy to tighten the drum until it makes a pleasing sound and then tighten a little more to reach a uniform desired pitch. It is very important to ensure that tuning is uniform around the drumhead, which can be checked by placing one finger pad in the center of the head and tapping the head near the edge above each lug location to detect any change, adjusting as necessary. Uniform tightness will help "let the drum speak".


title: Conga

text: Another important consideration is that head tension can greatly impact the ease or unease of the player, and generally a looser drumhead can lead to hand injury more than a tighter one, because a looser drumhead has less rebound and more muffling effect (hence potentially bruising joints and bones under spirited playing). Also, producing a crisp slap tone is nearly impossible on a loose head. During tuning it is suggested to "let the drum speak" and to conform tuning reasonably closely to the natural resonance (pitch) that the cavity of the drum interior presents. This resonance can be heard by singing or playing loud notes near the drum opening (this is true of tuning any drum) and noticing which pitch decays slowest - that will either be the fundamental (resonant) frequency or one of its simple overtones.


title: Conga

text: When two or more drums are used, there is the potential for more variation of which notes are chosen; however, tuning between or during compositions is rare in live performance. With only two drums, it is common to find them tuned a perfect fourth apart (the same interval used in "Here Comes the Bride") as is the tradition in western classical music for the timpani. Having three drums (typically the "tumba", "conga", and "quinto") invites experimentation and individual customization. Some "congueros" like using the intervals of a major chord (e.g. F, A, C). Some players use the second inversion of a major chord (e.g. G, C, E); and some prefer a major second between the "quinto" and "conga", with a perfect 4th descending to the "tumba". Raul Rekow of Santana often plays five conga drums and tunes them to the opening phrase of a Latin tune.


title: Conga

text: Other strokes can be used to enhance the timbral palette of the instrument. They are not used by all drummers, but have become the hallmark of "congeros" such as Tata Güines.


title: Conga

text: The "deslizado", "moose call" or "glissando" is done by rubbing the third finger, supported by the thumb, across the head of the drum. The finger is sometimes moistened with saliva or sweat, and sometimes a little coat of beeswax is put on the surface of the conga head to help make the sound. The moose call is also done on the bongos.


title: Conga

text: To bend the pitch of the congas, a "conguero" sometimes uses his elbow to shift around on and apply pressure to different parts of the head; this causes the note to change. This is not a traditional stroke, but it is common in modern salsa and rumba.


title: Conga

text: Guaguancó uses three congas. The smallest conga is the lead drum known as quinto. The following nine-measure quinto excerpt is from the guaguancó “La polémica” by Los Muñequitos de Matanzas (1988). This passage moves between the main modes of playing (A, B, C). The A section is the basic "lock" or "ride", as it is known in North America. It spans one clave (measure). An alternate phrase (B) is also one measure in length. Cross-beats, the basis of the third section (C), contradict the meter. By alternating between the lock and the cross, the quinto creates larger rhythmic phrases that expand and contract over several clave cycles. Los Muñequintos quintero Jesús Alfonso (1949–2009) described this phenomenon as a man getting “drunk at a party, going outside for a while, and then coming back inside.”


title: Conga

text: The basic son montuno conga pattern is called "marcha", or tumbao. The conga was first used in bands during the late 1930s, and became a staple of mambo bands of the 1940s. The primary strokes are sounded with open tones, on the last offbeats (2&, 2a) of a two-beat cycle. The fundamental accent—2& is referred to by some musicians as "ponche".


title: Conga

text: The basic tumbao sounds slaps (triangle noteheads) and open tones (regular noteheads) on the "and" offbeats. There are many variations on the basic tumbao. For example, a very common variant sounds a single open tone with the third stroke of clave (ponche), and two tones preceding the three-side of clave. The specific alignment between clave and this tumbao is critical.


title: Conga

text: Another common variant uses two drums and sounds "bombo" (1a) on the tumba (3-side of the clave). For example:


title: Conga

text: Beginning in the late 1960s, band conga players began incorporating elements from folkloric rhythms, especially rumba. Changuito and Raúl "el Yulo" Cárdenas of Los Van Van pioneered this approach of the songo era.


title: Conga

text: This relationship between the drums is derived from the style known as rumba. The feeling of the high drum part is like the quinto in rumba, constantly punctuating, coloring, and accenting, but not soloing until the appropriate moment (Santos 1985).


title: Conga

text: In several songo arrangements, the tumbadora ('conga') part sounds the typical tumbao on the low-pitched drum, while replicating the quinto (lead drum) of guaguancó on the high-pitched drum. The quinto-like phrases can continually change, but they are based upon a specific counter-clave motif. [See: "Songo Patterns on Congas" (Changuito).


title: Conga

text: Tomás Cruz developed several adaptations of folkloric rhythms when working in Paulito FG's timba band of the 1990s. Cruz's creations offered clever counterpoints to the bass and chorus. Many of his marchas span two or even four claves in duration, something very rarely done previously. He also made more use of muted tones in his tumbaos, all the while advancing the development of . The example on the right is one of Cruz's "inventos" ('musical inventions'), a band adaptation of the Congolese-based Afro-Cuban folkloric rhythm "makuta". He played the pattern on three congas on the Paulito song "Llamada anónima." Listen: "Llamada Anónima" by Paulito F.G.


title: Conga

text: The conga repertoire includes many other rhythms found in genres such as danzón, mambo and cha-cha-cha, as well as foreign styles that have adopted Afro-Cuban percussion such as Jamaican reggae, Brazilian samba and bossa nova, and American soul, funk, Latin jazz and Latin rock. In the 1960s, the conga became a prominent instrument in Haitian popular music styles such as konpa, yeye and mini-djaz.


title: Conga

text: Conjuntos and orchestras playing Colombian dance music have incorporated cumbia rhythms, traditionally played on tambores known as alegre and llamador, to the conga drums. The standard Colombian cumbia rhythm is simple and played slowly; it goes 1-2-2-1, also heard as 1-2-1-2. In the Dominican Republic, the fast merengue rhythm, which goes 1 2-1-2, can be played on the conga. It can also be heard as 1-2-1-2 1-2-1-2-1-2. Essentially, it is the rhythm of the tambora applied to conga. In merengue típico (or "cibaeño"), the rhythm is usually more complex and less standardized; it can range from simply hitting the conga on a fourth beat to playing full patterns that mark the time.


title: Debra Morgan

text: Debra Charlotte Morgan (spelled Deborah in the novels) is a fictional character created by Jeff Lindsay for his "Dexter" book series. She also appears in the television series, based on Lindsay's books, portrayed by Jennifer Carpenter. In Lindsay's novels, she first appeared in "Darkly Dreaming Dexter" and was featured in every novel in the series. Debra is the sister of the series' antihero protagonist Dexter Morgan.


title: Debra Morgan

text: Debra was born to Doris (Kathrin Lautner Middleton) and Harry Morgan (James Remar) on December 7, 1979. She is the foster sister to Dexter Morgan (Michael C. Hall), whom Harry brought home after rescuing him from the scene of his mother's murder. Tough, foul-mouthed, and rompish, she craved her father's attention and envied Dexter for the amount of time Harry spent with him, unaware that Harry was training him to be a vigilante serial killer.


title: Debra Morgan

text: When Debra was a teenager, her mother died of cancer. From then on, she decided to become a homicide detective, like her father, and took Harry's gun to practice shooting. Dexter found out and told Harry, who punished her. Hurt, Debra told Dexter that she wished that Harry had never brought him home. She was immediately remorseful for saying it, however, and apologized.


title: Debra Morgan

text: Debra was devastated when Harry died of an apparently accidental overdose of heart medication - unaware that he in fact committed suicide, unable to live with having trained Dexter to get away with murder. Soon afterward, she joined the Miami-Metro Police Department, where he had worked. She spent three years in patrol and then another two years in vice before being promoted by Captain Tom Matthews (Geoff Pierson) (a friend of her father), becoming a Homicide officer at the start of the first season.


title: Debra Morgan

text: Debra is characterized as smart and capable, yet unsure of herself, and so she relies upon Dexter's seemingly limitless expertise on murderers to solve difficult cases. Initially assigned to Vice, she is desperate to be transferred to Homicide. After Matthews promotes her, she starts to grow self-confident, relying less on Dexter's abilities and more on her own.


title: Debra Morgan

text: Newly promoted to the homicide department, Debra's first case is a series of murders committed by "The Ice Truck Killer", who preys on prostitutes and leaves their dismembered bodies in refrigerated trucks. She works hard on the case, but her progress is hampered by her own insecurity and her antagonistic relationship with her commanding officer, Lieutenant Maria LaGuerta (Lauren Vélez).


title: Debra Morgan

text: She starts dating, and eventually falls in love with, Rudy Cooper (Christian Camargo); unbeknownst to her, he is actually the Ice Truck Killer, and is only dating her in order to get close to Dexter. At the end of the season, Rudy proposes to her and she accepts. Rudy — who is actually Brian Moser, Dexter's biological brother — then kidnaps her to reveal himself to Dexter. He binds her to a table in the same manner that Dexter kills his victims, while Dexter and Brian discuss her fate. Dexter ultimately saves her life, and reluctantly kills Brian to keep her safe.


title: Debra Morgan

text: Debra is frail at the start of season two, still recovering from her ordeal with the Ice Truck Killer; she feels that she is not a good detective because she didn't spot that her fiancé was a serial killer. However, FBI agent Frank Lundy (Keith Carradine) reassures her otherwise and they, mid-season, develop a romantic relationship, which ends when he is called away from Miami. She stays in Dexter's house while she deals with the trauma.


title: Debra Morgan

text: Debra is appalled when she finds out that Dexter is cheating on his girlfriend, Rita Bennett (Julie Benz), with his Narcotics Anonymous sponsor, Lila Tournay (Jaime Murray), of whom she is immediately suspicious. Debra eventually threatens to have Lila deported upon finding out that she murdered her ex-boyfriend. In the season finale, "The British Invasion", she helps Dexter rescue Rita's two children from a fire that Lila had started.


title: Debra Morgan

text: By the end of the season, she has regained her confidence, and she is more determined than ever to improve her career and get a detective shield.


title: Debra Morgan

text: As season three begins, Debra has had her hair cut to shoulder length, and has "sworn off men, liquor and smokes". She is working with a new partner, Detective Joey Quinn (Desmond Harrington), but has been approached by Internal Affairs officer Yuki Amado (Liza Lapira), who tells her that her partner is being investigated for corruption. She refuses to assist in the investigation, however.


title: Debra Morgan

text: She is originally part of the team investigating the murder of Miguel Prado's (Jimmy Smits) brother Oscar (Nick Hermz), but because of her lack of tact and people skills she is removed from the case by the newly promoted Angel Batista (David Zayas). The case she has been assigned to, the murder of a young woman, is eventually found to have been connected to the ongoing case of a serial killer called "The Skinner" (Jesse Borrego), which she solves with the help of confidential informant Anton Briggs (David Ramsey). The two begin a relationship after she saves his life. Because of her success on the Skinner case, Debra receives her detective shield at the end of the season. She also serves as Dexter's best man at his and Rita's wedding.


title: Debra Morgan

text: At the beginning of the season, Dexter tells Debra that Harry slept with one of his confidential informants. She investigates the files on Harry's informants and interviews them, hoping to find the one Harry slept with. One of the files is shown to be Laura Moser (Sage Kirkpatrick). Her relationship with Anton begins to suffer at this point, especially when Lundy returns to Miami to hunt the Trinity Killer (John Lithgow). They sleep together and renew their relationship, but the very same night they are both shot — Lundy fatally — by an unknown assailant. Debra blames herself, and laments to Dexter that she is "broken". She puts aside her grief when she comes to suspect that the Trinity Killer was the shooter, and opens an investigation.


title: Debra Morgan

text: After consulting with forensics technician Vince Masuka (C. S. Lee), however, Debra deduces that Trinity could not have been the shooter. During a Thanksgiving dinner with Dexter's family, Debra remembers a conversation she had with reporter Christine Hill (Courtney Ford), and realizes Hill has knowledge of the shooting that no one outside the police department knew about, and concludes that she was the shooter. This is proven true in a later episode revealing that Hill is Trinity's daughter. Hill confesses to Debra that she killed Lundy, moments before she commits suicide. Debra then renews her search for Harry's mistress, and finds out about Laura Moser, and the fact that Dexter and the Ice Truck Killer are brothers. She tells Dexter the news (which he already knew), and then tells him that he is "the one consistently good thing" in her life.


title: Debra Morgan

text: Debra begins an intimate relationship with Quinn while trying to support Dexter following Rita's murder (portrayed in the season four finale, "The Getaway"). She and Quinn are assigned to the "Barrel Girls" case, in which 13 women were raped, tortured and murdered by a group of men, and left in barrels in a swamp. The police find DVDs the killers recorded of the crimes, and Debra is assigned to study them. She figures out that Jordan Chase (Jonny Lee Miller), a prominent public speaker, is involved with the group of men killing the girls, but cannot prove her suspicion because he never appears on the DVDs. However, she is able to track him down by the end of the season, and finds his body, moments after Dexter and Lumen Pierce (Julia Stiles) - one of the Barrel Girl killers' surviving victims and Dexter's lover and "protégé"- have killed him. She sees them at the crime scene through a wall of plastic sheeting, and tells them that she needs to call in the crime scene. She gives them an hour head start because she sympathizes with Lumen, but she never finds out that Dexter was involved.


title: Debra Morgan

text: In the middle of the season, Debra finds out that Quinn, who believes that Dexter was involved in Rita's murder, has been investigating Dexter behind her back. Debra is very upset at Quinn and confronts him. Quinn decides that his relationship with Debra is more important than his (supposedly) unfounded suspicions about Dexter, and stops his investigation. At the end of the season, they have reconciled, and attend Dexter's son Harrison's birthday party together.


title: Debra Morgan

text: At the start of the season, Quinn proposes to Debra, but she rejects him and ends their relationship. The ensuing awkwardness is made worse when she is promoted to Lieutenant, thanks in part to LaGuerta's political machinations. Debra earns the respect of the office, but struggles with the idea of some people not feeling 'open' to her anymore because of her new job. The job is also very stressful in itself, and she comes to doubt whether she can handle the responsibility. Her work and personal troubles weighing down on her, she begins to attend therapy. Matthews attempts to make a deal with her about covering up his involvement in the death of a prostitute, but before she can take any action, LaGuerta tells Matthews' superiors about his indiscretion and lets Debra take the fall for it. At the end of the season, her therapist helps her realize that she has been in love with Dexter all along. She finally makes peace with the idea — on the same day that she catches Dexter in the act of murdering "Doomsday Killer" Travis Marshall (Colin Hanks).


title: Debra Morgan

text: In the season premiere, Debra witnesses Dexter murder Travis Marshall. Dexter claims that he went to collect evidence, and was surprised by Marshall; he then says that he "snapped" and killed him on impulse. Debra reluctantly helps him burn down the abandoned church where he killed Marshall, destroying the evidence of the crime. Later, Dexter comes home to Debra, who is surrounded by Dexter's victim's blood slides, a pack of knives, and other tools that Dexter uses to kill. Debra reluctantly asks Dexter if he is a serial killer. Dexter, taken aback, replies that he is. Horrified, Debra recoils from Dexter as he admits that he is the "Bay Harbor Butcher", and that Harry taught him how to get away with murder.


title: Debra Morgan

text: After reading Lundy's files on serial killers, Debra says she wants to help Dexter, and make sure he doesn't kill again. Dexter agrees, even though he doesn't really have a choice, as Debra (probably) would have arrested him. Dexter slips away from Debra long enough to dispose of Ray Speltzer (Matt Gerald), a serial killer she had tried and failed to send to prison. Debra admits that she understands why Dexter takes the law into his own hands, and tells him that she will not stop him as long as he does not tell her about it or interfere with Miami Metro investigations. She even compromises her own professional ethics by falsifying evidence to mislead LaGuerta, who is trying to reopen the Bay Harbor Butcher case.


title: Debra Morgan

text: Their truce is threatened when Dexter begins dating Hannah McKay (Yvonne Strahovski), a serial poisoner whom Debra is intent on arresting for the murder of Sal Price (Santiago Cabrera), a writer she had feelings for. Debra eventually confesses her feelings for Dexter in a moment of frustration. Debra gets into a near-fatal car accident after a confrontation with Hannah. She is convinced Hannah poisoned her, and Dexter is suspicious enough to order a toxicology screen on a bottle of water in Debra's car. The results prove that Hannah did indeed poison Debra, leaving Dexter no choice but to give Debra evidence proving that Hannah killed Price. Debra is on hand to arrest Hannah, as a heartbroken Dexter looks on.


title: Debra Morgan

text: In the season finale, Debra rushes to Dexter's side when LaGuerta has him arrested for the Bay Harbor Butcher murders, and angrily confronts LaGuerta before being told to recuse herself. Dexter is released, however, thanks to the evidence that Debra tampered with. The next day, LaGuerta calls her into her office under the pretext of apologizing — and confronts her with circumstantial evidence that she was near the church at the time it was destroyed. Debra talks her way out of immediate danger, but fears that LaGuerta will soon have definitive proof of what she and Dexter had done. Later, at Batista's New Year's Eve party, she learns that LaGuerta has gone in pursuit of Dexter, who she fears is in the act of killing Hector Estrada (Nestor Serrano), the man who ordered his mother's murder. She goes to the scene, where she finds Dexter poised to shoot an unconscious LaGuerta. As she pleads with Dexter not to do it, LaGuerta regains consciousness and urges Debra to kill her brother. Resigned, Dexter tells Debra to "do what you gotta do". Desperate to save Dexter, Debra shoots and kills LaGuerta, and breaks down in tears over her body.


title: Debra Morgan

text: Six months after LaGuerta's death, Debra's life has gone into a tailspin: She has quit her job, started drinking heavily, and cut off all contact with Dexter. Now working as a private investigator, she is chasing after — and sleeping with — drug dealer Andrew Briggs (Rhys Coiro). Dexter shows up at her hotel and tells her that an assassin named El Sapo (Nick Gomez) is coming to kill her and Briggs; Debra responds that she doesn't care. When Briggs tries to scare Dexter off, Dexter kills him, and pleads with Debra to leave with him. Debra refuses, however. El Sapo finds Debra as she searches for Briggs' stolen merchandise and beats her up. In a state of shock, she shoots him dead. When Dexter finds out what Debra has done, she asks him to cover up the crime, which he does.


title: Debra Morgan

text: Debra is arrested for drunk driving, and calls Quinn to bail her out. Quinn tells Dexter what happened, and Dexter insists on taking Debra to dinner to talk to her. At dinner, he shows Debra footage of her saving a man's life and tells her that she is still a good person. A few days later, Debra walks into Miami Metro, blind drunk, and confesses to Quinn that she killed LaGuerta. Thinking she doesn't know what she's saying, Quinn calls Dexter for help. Dexter arrives with Dr. Evelyn Vogel (Charlotte Rampling), an old friend of Harry's who knows that Dexter is a serial killer. Just as Debra is about to tell Quinn the truth about LaGuerta's death, Dexter renders her unconscious with the same tranquilizer he uses on his victims, and takes her back to his apartment. There, he asks Vogel to help her.


title: Debra Morgan

text: Vogel tells Debra that she had no other choice but to protect Dexter, and shows her recorded interviews with Harry expressing his guilt over training Dexter to kill; in these interviews, Debra learns the truth about her father's death. She reaches out to Dexter, asking him to take a drive with her so they can talk. Once on the road, Debra seizes the steering wheel and plunges the car into the bay, intent on killing herself and her brother. She is rescued, however, and saves Dexter's life by swimming to the car and pulling him out. Debra goes to a resentful Dexter for help when Vogel is kidnapped. While the two of them track Vogel down, Debra tells Dexter that she had saved his life because she couldn't imagine hers without him in it. They find Vogel at the mercy of one of her former patients, serial killer A.J. Yates (Aaron McCusker); Dexter kills him to protect Debra. Dexter and Debra admit they need each other, and they reconcile.


title: Debra Morgan

text: Debra and Dexter are both non-lethally poisoned by Hannah, who has escaped from prison. Debra demands that Dexter get her out of their lives, and starts surveilling her. When Dexter appears reluctant, Debra goes to her boss Jacob Elway (Sean Patrick Flanery) and offers to apprehend Hannah for a substantial reward. She tries to capture Hannah, who says the only reason she spared her life was because she didn't want to hurt Dexter. Debra reluctantly drops the case, and even allows Hannah to hide from the police in her apartment.


title: Debra Morgan

text: Debra stops by her old precinct, and Batista offers to reinstate her as a detective. She wants the job, but she knows that she cannot do it while harboring a fugitive and turning a blind eye to Dexter's crimes. To further complicate the situation, she and Quinn, who is now in a relationship with Batista's sister Jamie (Aimee Garcia), share a kiss. Dexter tells her that he, Hannah and Harrison are going to move to Argentina. Debra is saddened, but gives him her blessing when she sees how happy he is with his new family. The following day, she takes the job at Miami Metro, and renews her relationship with Quinn.


title: Debra Morgan

text: In her first case, Debra helps Dexter catch Oliver Saxon (Darri Ingolfson), a serial killer known as "the Brain Surgeon". Dexter ultimately decides not to kill him, however, and asks her to arrest Saxon. Debra arrives just as Saxon is killing Deputy U.S. Marshall Cooper (Kenny Johnson) and draws her weapon. However, Saxon gets the drop on her and shoots her in the abdomen. In the series' final episode, "Remember the Monsters?", Debra is taken to the hospital, where she tells Quinn she loves him and wishes Dexter a happy life. However, moments later, she suffers a massive stroke that leaves her in a persistent vegetative state. After killing Saxon, Dexter goes to see her in the hospital as it is being evacuated in the midst of a hurricane. He tearfully removes her life support as an act of mercy, carries her body to his boat and buries her at sea.


title: Debra Morgan

text: In the revival series, "", Debra, while still dead, has replaced Harry in Dexter's mind as his "Dark Passenger". Unlike Harry, however, Debra gives Dexter - who has abstained from murder for nearly a decade - advice on how "not" to kill. When Dexter "falls off the wagon" by impulsively murdering Matt Caldwell (Steve M. Robertson), a stockbroker from a wealthy family who once got away with killing five people, she chastises him, but nevertheless advises him on the best way to destroy the evidence and lead his girlfriend, local police chief Angela Bishop (Julia Jones), to believe that Caldwell is still alive.


title: Debra Morgan

text: When a teenage Harrison (Jack Alcott) tracks him down, Debra pleads with Dexter to stay out of the boy's life, insisting that everyone who gets close to Dexter ends up dead. Dexter ultimately ignores her, however, and once again becomes a father to the boy. Debra helps Dexter realize that Harrison has a "Dark Passenger" of his own, and pleads with her brother not to teach Harrison to kill the same way Harry did. Eventually, however, Dexter decides to teach Harrison the "Code of Harry", and the two of them kill Caldwell's father Kurt (Clancy Brown), a serial killer who has been preying on teenage girls for 25 years.


title: Debra Morgan

text: In the series finale, "", Debra berates Dexter for getting caught after Angela arrests him for Caldwell's murder, and ridicules the idea that he and Harrison could be "father and son" serial killers. Later, after Harrison shoots and mortally wounds Dexter, Debra holds her brother's hand as he dies.


title: Debra Morgan

text: Debra is known to have very bad relationships with men. Her first boyfriend on the series is a mechanic named Sean who turns out to be married. She then has a relationship with Rudy Cooper, who ends up kidnapping her and trying to kill her twice.


title: Debra Morgan

text: In Season two, she starts going out with a man named Gabriel whom she met at the gym, and whom she suspects (incorrectly) of trying to use her notoriety following the Ice Truck Killer case to jumpstart his writing career. After that ends, she goes out with Frank Lundy, a man 25 years her senior who has to leave Miami at the end of season two, although she resumes her relationship with him in season four. She then starts a relationship with her Confidential Informant Anton Briggs. She breaks up with him to resume her relationship with Lundy, who is murdered. In the season five premiere she sleeps with her partner, Joey Quinn, who tries unsuccessfully to move the relationship into something more than purely sexual. By the end of season 6, she comes to believe that she is in love with her adoptive brother, Dexter — only to find out that he is a serial killer. In season 7, she has feelings for true crime writer Sal Price, but he is murdered as well. At the end of season 8, Debra and Joey rekindle their relationship before she ultimately dies.


title: Debra Morgan

text: In the books, the character's name is spelled "Deborah", and she is described as "voluptuous" in contrast to her slim appearance on the TV show. In the novel "Darkly Dreaming Dexter", Deborah finds out that Dexter is a serial killer, and appears to accept it, although she is sometimes torn between her love for her brother and her duty as a cop. In the TV series, Debra remains unaware of Dexter's "hobby" until the final episode of season six, when she witnesses Dexter killing Travis Marshall.


title: Debra Morgan

text: At the conclusion of "Dexter is Delicious," Deborah is pregnant by her boyfriend, Kyle Chutsky, and in "Double Dexter" we learn that she gave birth to a son, Nicholas, and raises him alone.


title: Debra Morgan

text: In "Dexter's Final Cut", Deborah disowns Dexter after he cheats on Rita and unintentionally allows pedophile Robert Chase to kill Rita and kidnap Astor. In "Dexter is Dead", Deborah takes custody of Cody, Astor, and Dexter's daughter Lily Ann after Dexter is imprisoned for Rita's murder; she knows that Dexter is innocent of that particular crime, but believes that he belongs in prison. After Dexter is freed thanks to his brother Brian's machinations, she refuses to let him see the children and communicates with him only to get him to sign the paperwork to finalize the adoption. However, she is forced to rely on him when Cody, Astor and Nicholas are kidnapped by a Mexican drug lord who is out to get Brian. The three of them team up to infiltrate the drug lord's yacht and rescue the children, and Deborah and Dexter repair their relationship. Deborah saves Dexter's life by killing the drug lord just as he has her wounded brother at his mercy. Moments later, however, Dexter is seemingly killed when the yacht explodes; in the final moments of the novel, he sees Deborah trying to save him.


title: Debra Morgan

text: Jennifer Carpenter's portrayal of Debra Morgan has received critical praise. Australian journalist Jack Marx describing her portrayal of "cool and clumsy" Debra as "so perfect that many viewers appear to have mistaken the character's flaws for the actor's."


title: Debra Morgan

text: For her portrayal of the character, she has been nominated for seven Saturn Awards for Best Supporting Actress on Television, in 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2013, winning in 2009 for her performance in season three. She has also been nominated four times as part of the ensemble cast for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012.


title: Multimodal distribution

text: In statistics, a multimodal distribution is a probability distribution with more than one mode. These appear as distinct peaks (local maxima) in the probability density function, as shown in Figures 1 and 2. Categorical, continuous, and discrete data can all form multimodal distributions. Among univariate analyses, multimodal distributions are commonly bimodal.


title: Multimodal distribution

text: When the two modes are unequal the larger mode is known as the major mode and the other as the minor mode. The least frequent value between the modes is known as the antimode. The difference between the major and minor modes is known as the amplitude. In time series the major mode is called the acrophase and the antimode the batiphase.


title: Multimodal distribution

text: Important bimodal distributions include the arcsine distribution and the beta distribution (iff both parameters are less than 1). Others include the U-quadratic distribution.


title: Multimodal distribution

text: where "a" and "b" are constant and "x" and "y" are distributed as normal variables with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1. "R" has a known density that can be expressed as a confluent hypergeometric function.


title: Multimodal distribution

text: The distribution of the reciprocal of a "t" distributed random variable is bimodal when the degrees of freedom are more than one. Similarly the reciprocal of a normally distributed variable is also bimodally distributed.


title: Multimodal distribution

text: Examples of variables with bimodal distributions include the time between eruptions of certain geysers, the color of galaxies, the size of worker weaver ants, the age of incidence of Hodgkin's lymphoma, the speed of inactivation of the drug isoniazid in US adults, the absolute magnitude of novae, and the circadian activity patterns of those crepuscular animals that are active both in morning and evening twilight. In fishery science multimodal length distributions reflect the different year classes and can thus be used for age distribution- and growth estimates of the fish population. Sediments are usually distributed in a bimodal fashion. When sampling mining galleries crossing either the host rock and the mineralized veins, the distribution of geochemical variables would be bimodal. Bimodal distributions are also seen in traffic analysis, where traffic peaks in during the AM rush hour and then again in the PM rush hour. This phenomenon is also seen in daily water distribution, as water demand, in the form of showers, cooking, and toilet use, generally peak in the morning and evening periods.


title: Multimodal distribution

text: A bimodal distribution most commonly arises as a mixture of two different unimodal distributions (i.e. distributions having only one mode). In other words, the bimodally distributed random variable X is defined as formula_2 with probability formula_3 or formula_4 with probability formula_5 where "Y" and "Z" are unimodal random variables and formula_6 is a mixture coefficient.


title: Multimodal distribution

text: Mixtures with two distinct components need not be bimodal and two component mixtures of unimodal component densities can have more than two modes. There is no immediate connection between the number of components in a mixture and the number of modes of the resulting density.


title: Multimodal distribution

text: Bimodal distributions, despite their frequent occurrence in data sets, have only rarely been studied. This may be because of the difficulties in estimating their parameters either with frequentist or Bayesian methods. Among those that have been studied are


title: Multimodal distribution

text: The bimodal distribution of sizes of weaver ant workers arises due to existence of two distinct classes of workers, namely major workers and minor workers.


title: Multimodal distribution

text: The distribution of fitness effects of mutations for both whole genomes and individual genes is also frequently found to be bimodal with most mutations being either neutral or lethal with relatively few having intermediate effect.


title: Multimodal distribution

text: A mixture of two unimodal distributions with differing means is not necessarily bimodal. The combined distribution of heights of men and women is sometimes used as an example of a bimodal distribution, but in fact the difference in mean heights of men and women is too small relative to their standard deviations to produce bimodality.


title: Multimodal distribution

text: Bimodal distributions have the peculiar property that – unlike the unimodal distributions – the mean may be a more robust sample estimator than the median. This is clearly the case when the distribution is U shaped like the arcsine distribution. It may not be true when the distribution has one or more long tails.


title: Multimodal distribution

text: It is not uncommon to encounter situations where an investigator believes that the data comes from a mixture of two normal distributions. Because of this, this mixture has been studied in some detail.


title: Multimodal distribution

text: A mixture of two normal distributions has five parameters to estimate: the two means, the two variances and the mixing parameter. A mixture of two normal distributions with equal standard deviations is bimodal only if their means differ by at least twice the common standard deviation. Estimates of the parameters is simplified if the variances can be assumed to be equal (the homoscedastic case).


title: Multimodal distribution

text: If the means of the two normal distributions are equal, then the combined distribution is unimodal. Conditions for unimodality of the combined distribution were derived by Eisenberger. Necessary and sufficient conditions for a mixture of normal distributions to be bimodal have been identified by Ray and Lindsay.


title: Multimodal distribution

text: A mixture of two approximately equal mass normal distributions has a negative kurtosis since the two modes on either side of the center of mass effectively reduces the tails of the distribution.