title: Mudumalai National Park

text: In 2010, the National Tiger Conservation Authority approved the release of funds to Mudumalai Tiger Reserve in the frame of Project Tiger. In 2020, Project Tiger has been extended until 2021 with funding of 114.1 million borne by the Government of India and the Government of Tamil Nadu.


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: Mudumalai National Park covers in the eastern hills of the Western Ghats at an elevation range of ; it is bordered in the west by Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, in the north by Bandipur National Park and in the east by Sigur Reserve Forest. In the south, it is bordered by Singara Reserve Forest. The Moyar River enters the national park in the south and is joined by five tributaries. Together they drain this area, and several artificial waterholes provide drinking water for wildlife during dry seasons.


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: The original national park area together with a surrounding buffer zone of was designated as the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve.


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: The elevation range of in the Western Ghats is characterised by evergreen forest with dipterocarp species prevailing.


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: Its undulating hills consist mostly of hornblendite and biotite gneiss with black sandy loam; red heavy loam prevails in the southern part.


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: Mudumalai National Park and the adjacent Sigur Reserve Forest form an important wildlife corridor within the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve and provide the highest landscape connectivity for the Asian elephant ("Elephas maximus") population in the region.


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: Mudumalai National Park receives about rainfall annually, most of it during the southwest monsoon season from June to September. The temperature drops during the cool season from December to January, but rises during April to June, which are the hottest months.


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: Mudumalai National Park harbours tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests. The floral diversity comprises 498 plant species including 154 tree, 77 shrub, 214 herb and 53 vine species.


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: Teak "(Tectona grandis)" and axlewood "(Anogeissus latifolia)" are the dominant tree species with a density of more than .


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: Prominent tree species include flame-of-the-forest "(Butea monosperma)", Indian laurel "(Terminalia elliptica)", kusum tree "(Schleichera oleosa)", weaver's beam tree "(Schrebera swietenioides)", Malabar kino tree "(Pterocarpus marsupium)", Indian rosewood "(Dalbergia latifolia)", Malabar plum "(Syzygium cumini)", silk-cotton tree "(Bombax ceiba)" and Indian beech "(Millettia pinnata)"; moist deciduous forest is interspersed with giant thorny bamboo "(Bambusa bambos)". Mango "(Mangifera indica)" and persimmon "(Diospyros)" grow along river courses. Climbers include orange climber "(Zanthoxylum asiaticum)", "Dregea volubilis", frangipani vine "(Chonemorpha fragrans)", trellis-vine "(Pergularia daemia)", purple morning glory "(Argyreia cuneata)", striped cucumber "(Diplocyclos palmatus)" and several jasmine species.


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: Ceylon satinwood "(Chloroxylon swietenia)", red cedar "(Erythroxylum monogynum)" and catechu "(Senegalia catechu)" are the dominant plants in shrubland patches.


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: "Lantana camara" is an invasive species that negatively affects the dispersal of the native Indian gooseberry "(Phyllanthus emblica)" and "Kydia calycina", but does not affect growth and dispersal of other shrubs. A study on nesting behaviour of birds revealed that red-vented bulbul "(Pycnonotus cafer)" and red-whiskered bulbul "(P. jocosus)" prefer its top canopy level for building nests in spring.


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: An exceptionally large arjun tree "(Terminalia arjuna)" with a height of and a girth of was detected in the Moyar River valley in 2019; it was used by white-rumped vulture "(Gyps bengalensis)", brown fish owl "(Ketupa zeylonensis)", spot-bellied eagle-owl "(Bubo nipalensis)", crested honey buzzard "(Pernis ptilorhynchus)", changeable hawk-eagle "(Nisaetus cirrhatus)" and shikra "(Accipiter badius)" for roosting.


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: During the major flowering season, 394 nests of the giant honey bee ("Apis dorsata") were detected in the park between January and June 2007; bee colonies comprised an average of 19 nests, mostly built in large trees.


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: A survey carried out between November 2008 and February 2009 revealed that about 29 Indian leopards ("Panthera pardus fusca") and 19 Bengal tigers ("P. tigris tigris") lived in the park's core area of . As of 2018, the tiger population in the wider Mudumalai Tiger Reserve was estimated to comprise 103 resident individuals.


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: Jungle cat ("Felis chaus"), rusty-spotted cat ("Prionailurus rubiginosus") and leopard cat ("P. bengalensis") were recorded during camera trap surveys in 2010–2011 and 2018.


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: Two dhole ("Cuon alpinus") packs were monitored during 1989–1993 and had home ranges of ; packs comprised between four and 25 individuals during this period.


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: Golden jackal ("Canis aureus"), striped hyena ("Hyaena hyaena") and Nilgiri marten ("Martes gwatkinsii") were also recorded in 2018.


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: Scat of sloth bear ("Melursus ursinus") collected along forest roads and animal trails contained remains of 18 plant species with golden shower ("Cassia fistula"), Indian plum ("Zizyphus mauritiana") and clammy cherry ("Cordia obliqua") forming the bulk of its diet apart from fungus-growing termites ("Odontotermes"), fire ants and honey bees.


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: Small Indian civet ("Viverricula indica"), Asian palm civet ("Paradoxurus hermaphroditus") and brown palm civet ("P. jerdoni") live in both deciduous and semi-evergreen forest patches; ruddy mongoose ("Urva smithii") lives foremost in deciduous forest, whereas stripe-necked mongoose ("U. vitticollis") frequents riverine areas, and Indian grey mongoose "U. edwardsii" open habitats. The mongooses forage foremost for pill millipedes, dung beetles, fruits, small rodents, birds and reptiles.


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: Smooth-coated otter ("Lutrogale perspicillata") groups were observed along the Moyar River in 2010 and 2011. Their habitat preference was studied between 2015 and 2017; the groups preferred rocky areas near fast flowing water with loose sand and little vegetation cover.


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: The Asian elephant is the largest mammal in the park with an estimated 536–1,001 individuals in 25 herds in 2000. Herds comprise up to 22 individuals. The gaur ("Bos gaurus") is the largest ungulate in the park, with herds of up to 42 individuals that frequent foremost grasslands in the vicinity of water sources.


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: The sambar deer ("Cervus unicolor") forms smaller groups of up to five individuals, but also congregates in groups of up to 45 individuals in the wet season. The chital ("Axis axis") forms large groups of at least 35 individuals, with some herds increasing to more than 100 members in the wet season.


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: Chital, Indian spotted chevrotain ("Moschiola indica") and Indian muntjac ("Muntiacus muntjak") have been recorded eating fallen fruit of the Indian gooseberry in a forest monitoring plot; they are therefore considered to be the primary seed dispersers in the park. Present are also four-horned antelope ("Tetracerus quadricornis"), blackbuck ("Antilope cervicapra"), wild boar ("Sus scrofa"), Indian pangolin ("Manis crassicaudata") and Indian crested porcupine ("Hystrix indica").


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: Four bonnet macaque ("Macaca radiata") troops were studied in 1997, which ranged in size from 28 to 35 members and lived in sympatry with gray langur ("Semnopithecus entellus") troops.


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: A troop in the Moyar River valley foraged on leaves, flowers and fruits of several tree and shrub species including tamarind ("Tamarindus indica"), banyan fig ("Ficus benghalensis"), wild jujube ("Ziziphus oenoplia"), neem ("Azadirachta indica"), kaayam ("Memecylon edule") and indigoberry ("Randia malabarica"), but also consumed herbs, crickets and grasshoppers.


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: The range of the Indian giant squirrel ("Ratufa indica") is continuous in the national park's moist deciduous forest; in the drier eastern part, it inhabits foremost riverine habitat with contiguous canopy. It builds nests in trees with a mean canopy height of and feeds on 25 plant species including teak, Indian laurel and "Grewia tiliifolia".


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: The Indian giant flying squirrel ("Petaurista philippensis") inhabits foremost moist deciduous forest with old trees of a mean height, a mean density of and a canopy height of at least .


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: Birds observed from 1994 to 1996 comprised 266 species; the 213 resident ones include Malabar grey hornbill ("Ocyceros griseus"), Indian grey hornbill ("O. birostris"), Indian peafowl ("Pavo cristatus"), Bonelli's eagle ("Aquila fasciata"), crested serpent eagle ("Spilornis cheela"), black eagle ("Ictinaetus malaiensis"), besra ("Accipiter virgatus") and crested goshawk ("A. trivirgatus"), white-rumped shama ("Copsychus malabaricus"), Indian roller ("Coracias benghalensis"), greater flameback ("Chrysocolaptes guttacristatus") and white-naped woodpecker ("C. festivus"), black-rumped flameback ("Dinopium benghalense"), white-bellied woodpecker ("Dryocopus javensis"), heart-spotted woodpecker ("Hemicircus canente"), rufous woodpecker ("Micropternus brachyurus"), greater racket-tailed drongo ("Dicrurus paradiseus"), grey-bellied cuckoo ("Cacomantis passerinus") and Indian cuckoo ("Cuculus micropterus"), coppersmith barbet ("Psilopogon haemacephalus"), white-cheeked barbet ("P. viridis") and brown-headed barbet ("P. zeylanicus"), grey francolin ("Ortygornis pondicerianus"), speckled piculet ("Picumnus innominatus"), Indian pond heron ("Ardeola grayii"), white-throated kingfisher ("Halcyon smyrnensis"), blue-winged parakeet ("Psittacula columboides"), Nilgiri wood pigeon ("Columba elphinstonii"), common emerald dove ("Chalcophaps indica"), yellow-footed pigeon ("Treron phoenicoptera"), red spurfowl ("Galloperdix spadicea") and grey junglefowl ("Gallus sonneratii"), painted bush quail ("Perdicula erythrorhyncha"), crimson-backed sunbird ("Leptocoma minima"), Loten's sunbird ("Cinnyris lotenius"), forest wagtail ("Dendronanthus indicus"), white-browed wagtail ("Motacilla maderaspatensis") black-and-orange flycatcher ("Ficedula nigrorufa"), Eurasian golden oriole ("Oriolus oriolus") and black-hooded oriole ("O. xanthornus").


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: In 2004, pin-striped tit-babblers ("Mixornis gularis") were observed in a dry stream bed outside the protected area.


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: December to March is the breeding season of yellow-crowned woodpecker ("Leiopicus mahrattensis"), streak-throated woodpecker ("Picus xanthopygaeus"), yellow-throated sparrow ("Gymnoris xanthocollis"), blue-bearded bee-eater ("Nyctyornis atherton"), Indian robin ("Saxicoloides fulicatus"), scaly-breasted munia ("Lonchura punctulata") and white-rumped munia ("L. striata").


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: Spot-bellied eagle-owl, Oriental scops owl ("Otus sunia"), brown boobook ("Ninox scutulata") and jungle owlet ("Glaucidium radiatum") are known night birds in the region.


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: A juvenile cinereous vulture "(Aegypius monachus)" was recorded in spring 2019. The vulture populations in Moyar River valley were surveyed in March 2019. About 200 white-rumped vultures and about 30 active white-backed vulture "(Gyps africanus)" nests were observed; Indian vultures "(G. indicus)" and red-headed vultures "(Sarcogyps calvus)" were sighted at several locations.


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: Sightings of migrating birds include booted eagle "(Hieraaetus pennatus)", rufous-bellied eagle "(Lophotriorchis kienerii)", Eurasian sparrowhawk "(Accipiter nisus)", common buzzard "(Buteo buteo)", western marsh harrier "(Circus aeruginosus)" and pallid harrier "(C. macrourus)", cotton pygmy goose "(Nettapus coromandelianus)", knob-billed duck "(Sarkidiornis melanotos)", northern pintail "(Anas acuta)" and rosy starling "(Pastor roseus)".


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: In 1992, six Indian star tortoises "(Geochelone elegans)" were sighted in scrubland at elevations of .


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: The mugger crocodile "(Crocodylus palustris)" population in Moyar River was thought to encompass about 100 individuals as of 2009.


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: Small reptiles recorded in Mudumalai National Park comprise striped coral snake ("Calliophis nigrescens)", Elliot's forest lizard ("Monilesaurus ellioti)", Jerdon's day gecko "(Cnemaspis jerdonii)", Goan day gecko "(C. indraneildasii)" and Beddome's ground skink "(Kaestlea beddomii)".


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: A dead Bibron's coral snake "(Calliophis bibroni)" was discovered on the road in the Theppakadu area at an elevation of in August 2013, the first record since 1874.


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: The Indian rock python ("Python molurus") was studied in the frame of a telemetry project in the Moyar River valley from 2017 to 2020. In February 2019, a long female Indian rock python was observed mating with two smaller males measuring .


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: The Moyar River and tributaries harbour 38 fish species, including Nilgiri mystus "(Hemibagrus punctatus)", "Puntius mudumalaiensis", "Puntius melanostigma", reba carp "(Cirrhinus reba)", common carp "(Cyprinus carpio)", Deccan mahseer "(Tor khudree)", Malabar baril "(Barilius gatensis)", mullya garra "(Garra mullya)", zig-zag eel "(Mastacembelus armatus)" and bullseye snakehead "(Channa marulius)".


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: From 1979 to 2011, remains of 148 dead Asian elephants were found in the park; 50 individuals were killed by poachers.


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: Traffic on three public roads cutting through Mudumalai National Park pose a significant threat to the park's wildlife; between December 1998 and March 1999 alone, 180 animals belonging to 40 species were killed by drivers. Between December 2006 and November 2007, 101 amphibians and 78 reptiles became roadkills on a stretch of the national highway passing through the park including "Indirana" frogs, Indian skipper frog "(Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis)", bronzed frog "(Indosylvirana temporalis)", pigmy wrinkled frog "(Nyctibatrachus beddomii)", Asian common toad "(Duttaphrynus melanostictus)", common green forest lizard "(Calotes calotes)", Blanford's rock agama "(Psammophilus blanfordanus)", Mysore day gecko "(Cnemaspis mysoriensis)", bronze grass skink "(Eutropis macularia)", green keelback "(Rhabdophis plumbicolor)", trinket snake "(Coelognathus helena)", Russell's viper "(Daboia russelii)", common krait "(Bungarus caeruleus)" and hump-nosed viper "(Hypnale hypnale)". Between January 2014 and December 2016, 497 Indian palm squirrels "(Funambulus palmarum)" were found killed in traffic collisions on a long stretch of a state highway passing through the park. A long roadkilled Bibron's coral snake was found in September 2016.


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: Proliferating tourism resorts and increasing demand for firewood at the national park's periphery are also considered threats to its ecosystem. In 1995, the annual firewood need was estimated at per person living in the periphery of the national park.


title: Mudumalai National Park

text: Between 1999 and 2013, six forest fires affected dry deciduous forest patches ranging in size from to in the northern part of the national park; the plant diversity in burned patches needs more than 15 years to recover.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: An Elvis impersonator is an entertainer who impersonates or copies the look and sound of American musician and singer Elvis Presley. Professional Elvis impersonators, commonly known as Elvis tribute artists (ETAs), work all over the world as entertainers, and such tribute acts remain in great demand due to the unique iconic status of Elvis. There are even several radio stations that exclusively feature Elvis impersonator material. Some of these impersonators go to Graceland on the anniversary of Presley's death to make their personal tribute to the artist.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: Many impersonators sing Presley's songs. While some impersonators perform a wide variety of Presley's discography, his songs from the 1950s and 1970s remain fan favourites.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: Contrary to popular belief, Elvis impersonators have existed since the mid-1950s, just after Elvis Presley himself began his career. The first known Elvis impersonator was a young man named Carl 'Cheesie' Nelson from Texarkana, Arkansas, who in 1954 built up a local following on WLAC radio with his renditions of "That's All Right, Mama" and "Blue Moon of Kentucky." Nelson even performed alongside Presley when they first met, also in 1954. The friendship between Nelson and Presley is documented in the book "Elvis in Texas".


title: Elvis impersonator

text: The second known impersonator was a 16-year-old boy named Jim Smith. In 1956, shortly after Elvis began to rise in popularity, Smith began jumping on stage and imitating Elvis. Smith's physical resemblance to Elvis and his mannerisms happened to catch the attention of DJ Norm Pringle of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, who had been playing "That's All Right, Mama" and "Heartbreak Hotel" on the radio. Smith was featured several times on Pringle's regular TV show, though Smith only pretended to sing and play along with the music since he actually could neither sing nor play the guitar at that time.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: Many other Elvis impersonators appeared while Elvis was still alive, evolving mainly out of small town talent competitions which took their influences from major music artists of that time. Dave Ehlert from Waukegan, IL began performing as Elvis in 1967 a full 10 years before Elvis died. Some of his contemporaries included Rick Saucedo of Chicago and Johnny Harra, a Kansas City native who moved his show to Texas in 1977. Ehlert performed throughout the Chicago Metro Area until Elvis died, then traveled the country with his act. He was on hand for the first year anniversary of Elvis' death at the Prince William County Fair in Manassas, VA on August 16, 1978. He has continuously performed his Elvis tribute act for almost 50 years, including performances in Las Vegas and headlining an Elvis tribute show in Branson, MO for almost 20 years beginning in 1993. Only after Elvis' untimely death on August 16, 1977, did impersonating Elvis start to become popular in the mainstream. The large growth in Elvis impersonators seems tightly linked with his ever-growing iconic status.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: American protest singer Phil Ochs appeared in concert in March 1970 at Carnegie Hall wearing a 1950s Elvis-style gold lamé suit, made for him by Presley's costumer Nudie Cohen. His performance may be considered the first significant Elvis impersonation. Jeremy Spencer of British blues-rock band Fleetwood Mac became known for his high-energy Elvis tribute performances during his tenure with the band. Spencer would perform as Elvis (often in a gold lamé suit) as the main part of a mini-set in which he also did other impersonations of figures such as Buddy Holly and slide guitarist Elmore James.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: In the mid-1970s, Andy Kaufman made an Elvis impersonation part of his act. He is considered to be one of the first notable Elvis impersonators and even Presley himself supposedly said that Kaufman was his favorite impersonator. In his act, Kaufman would precede with several failed impersonations before unexpectedly launching into a skilled impersonation of Elvis Presley. As Kaufman gained fame, the impersonation was used less and less.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: According to a popular myth, Presley himself entered an Elvis lookalike contest at a local restaurant shortly before his death, and came in third place. This fabricated myth was featured as a news item in the "Weekly World News", and has been misunderstood to be factual by people who do not realize that the "Weekly World News" is well known to publish outlandish and often unbelievable articles. This joke may have its origins in Charlie Chaplin, who once did enter a lookalike contest and is often reported to have also placed third, although Chaplin's actual ranking in the contest is not known.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: There are many different types of Elvis impersonators and Elvis tribute artists. Most fall under the following categories:


title: Elvis impersonator

text: There are different levels of impersonation, which depends largely on who is doing the impersonation and for what purpose. They mainly fall under three main levels of impersonation, which are:


title: Elvis impersonator

text: Enacting a typical 70s Elvis concert is a preferred choice of most ETAs; however, some ETAs may portray various phases of Presley's career in a single show. For example, an ETA may open his show with a 50s set dressed in appropriate attire (such as a gold lame jacket), reenactments of musical scenes from Presley's movies, and/or reenactments of segments from the "'68 Comeback Special"; and after an intermission closes his show with a full-blown 70s concert dressed in an appropriate jumpsuit.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: Some ETAs perform with a live band in the style of the TCB Band, complete with a brass ensemble and background singers to add to the originality; while others rely solely on karaoke for their performances. However, some ETAs may utilize both a live band and karaoke (either one or the other, in most cases depending on the type and size of the venue).


title: Elvis impersonator

text: Some ETAs record CDs to sell at their shows, which of course contain many of the Elvis standards, but could also include some of their own songs as well as songs of other artists.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: Some ETAs perform under stage names, mostly using names associated in some way with Presley's life or career (such as Presley's character names in his movies).


title: Elvis impersonator

text: "There are heavily-bearded Elvii, four-year-old Elvii, and Elvis duos; Italian Elvii, Greek Elvii, Fat Elvii, a Lady Elvis, even a Black Elvis. Impersonator impresario Ed Franklin boasts, 'We've had every type of Elvis there is in the world.'" Professional Elvis impersonation can be called a special branch of the entertainment industry. "Michael Chapa, an Elvis impersonator who works in Los Angeles and Las Vegas, helped entertain more than 2500 of his relatives at what is believed to be the country's largest Hispanic family reunion ..."


title: Elvis impersonator

text: There are also some Elvis impersonators who specialize in experimenting with gender, sexuality, race, taste and decency. According to social historian Eric Lott, "the widespread embarrassment and innuendo surrounding Elvis impersonation points more directly to the homoerotic implications built into such acts." There are even some performers who satirize other Elvis impersonators.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: According to Gael Sweeney, Elvis impersonation offers a spectacle of the grotesque, the display of the fetishized Elvis body by impersonators who use a combination of Christian and New Age imagery and language to describe their devotion to The King. 'True' impersonators believe that they are 'chosen' by The King to continue His work and judge themselves and each other by their 'Authenticity' and ability to 'Channel' Elvis' true essence. True impersonators don't 'do Elvis' for monetary gain, but as missionaries to spread the message of The King. Especially interesting are those who do not perform, per se, that is, they don't do an Elvis act, they just 'live Elvis,' dressing as The King and spreading His Word by their example."


title: Elvis impersonator

text: However, the Elvis industry includes "professional Elvis impersonator registries." The international guide "I am Elvis", for instance, contains "photos, repertoire, and personal testimonies that serve to materialize the phenomenon of Elvis impersonation and further institutionalize it, including female Elvii, child Elvii, Black Elvii, El Vez the Mexican Elvis, and scores of British, German, Greek and Indian Elvii." According to George Plasketes, there are "legions of impersonators. Airlines have offered discount fares for look-alikes on Elvis holidays... His omnipresence hauntingly hovers..."


title: Elvis impersonator

text: In August 1996, Elvis Herselvis, a female Elvis impersonator and drag king, who had been invited to take part in the Second International Elvis Presley Conference held at the University of Mississippi in order "to test the limits of race, class, sexuality and property...," was banned from this event by the conservative sponsors of Elvis Presley Enterprises.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: There are many Elvis contests for amateurs, festivals and other events held across the world celebrating Elvis and his many impersonators. Events tend to attract large numbers of amateur Elvis impersonators and Elvis fans.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: CKX, INC, which now owns Elvis Presley's estate, has full control including the grave of Elvis Presley and his family members along with his home Graceland in early 2008. This has seen some impact on what Elvis impersonators and contests have on the media and marketing industry. They began using the contest along with their Elvis brand, licensing anyone wanting to charge a fee to hold an Elvis contest.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: The small western New South Wales town of Parkes in Australia has been hosting the Parkes Elvis Festival since 1993, which includes a special "Elvis Express" train from Sydney to Parkes.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: Blackpool in the UK, features a busy Elvis wedding chapel based at the Norbreck Castle Hotel, Queens promenade, where couples can have their wedding vows renewed by Martin Fox.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: The largest gathering of Elvis impersonators occurred on 12 July 2014 when 895 impersonators gathered in the Harrah's Cherokee Casino Resort in Cherokee, North Carolina.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: A number of books are available on the topic of Elvis tribute artists. One of the first books to document the phenomenon was, "I Am Elvis: A Guide to Elvis Impersonators" released by American Graphic Systems in 1991. More recent titles include photo essays, "Living the Life" by Patty Carroll and "The King and I: A little Gallery of Elvis Impersonators" by Kent Baker and Karen Pritkin.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: Novelist William McCranor Henderson wrote about his attempts to learn the Elvis trade in, "I, Elvis: Confessions of a Counterfeit King".


title: Elvis impersonator

text: A more scholarly examination of Elvis impersonation is, "Impersonating Elvis" by Leslie Rubinowski released in 1997. On "the thriving phenomenon of Elvis impersonators", see also Gilbert B. Rodman, "Elvis After Elvis: The Posthumous Career of a Living Legend" (1996). In the Summer 1997 issue of The Oxford American magazine author Tom Graves wrote an acclaimed article, "Natural Born Elvis", about the first Elvis impersonator, Bill Haney, the only tribute artist Elvis himself ever went to see perform. The article has been published in the anthology The Oxford American Book of Great Music Writing and the anthology "Louise Brooks, Frank Zappa, & Other Charmers & Dreamers" by Tom Graves.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: There are also three "how to" guides, "Be Elvis!" by Rick Marino, a well-known tribute artist, released in 2000 by Sourcebooks and the more recent, "The Elvis Impersonation Kit" by Laura Lee, released in 2006 by Black Dog and Leventhal Publishers. Also recently released "Just Pretending" by Kurt Burrows is full of tips on how to talk, sing and dress like Elvis. It contains interviews with many famous Elvis impersonators, and also gives you five free Sunfly Karaoke backing tracks, allowing you to download your favorite Elvis tracks to perform to.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: There are also several university studies, for instance, Eric Lott's critical essay, "All the King's Men: Elvis Impersonators and White Working-Class Masculinity," published in Harry Stecopoulos and Michael Uebel, eds., "Race and the Subject of Masculinities" (Duke University Press, 1997). The author, professor of American Studies at the University of Virginia, has also written a long piece on Elvis impersonators and the EPIIA (Elvis Presley Impersonators International Association) to be published in his next book. For this paper, he interviewed many impersonators and draws parallels with minstrelsy. "It is indeed one place minstrelsy ends up; where 19th-century white guys imitated what they thought of as slave culture and Elvis took from R & B performers, the impersonators copy the copy, if you will—it's minstrelsy once-removed." In her paper, "Women Who 'Do Elvis'", Case Western Reserve University researcher Francesca Brittan deals with female Elvis Presley impersonators and finds them to be "campy, cheeky, and often disturbingly convincing." According to Marjorie Garber's academic study, "Vested Interests: Cross-dressing and Cultural Anxiety" (1992), Elvis impersonation is so insistently connected with femininity that it is "almost as if the word 'impersonator', in contemporary popular culture, can be modified "either" by 'female' "or" by 'Elvis.'"


title: Elvis impersonator

text: In the 2011 novel "Donations to Clarity" by Noah Baird, one of the main characters — the town's sheriff — is an Elvis impersonator.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: 3000 Miles to Graceland is a 2001 thriller film, starring Kurt Russell, Kevin Costner, Courteney Cox Arquette, David Arquette, Bokeem Woodbine, Christian Slater, and Kevin Pollak. It is a story of theft and betrayal, revolving around a plot to rob the Riviera Casino during a convention of Elvis impersonators in Las Vegas. The films also featured many real Elvis Tribute Artists from Las Vegas as background players, dancers and extras.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: Bubba Ho-tep is the title of a novella by Joe R. Lansdale which originally appeared in the anthology "The King Is Dead: Tales of Elvis Post-Mortem" (edited by Paul M. Sammon, Delta 1994) and was adapted as a 2002 horror-black comedy film starring Bruce Campbell as Elvis Presley—who escaped the pressures of his fame long ago by impersonating an Elvis impersonator and is now a resident in a nursing home. The film version also stars Ossie Davis as Jack, a black man who claims to be John F. Kennedy. He says he was patched up after the assassination in Dallas, dyed black, and abandoned by Lyndon B. Johnson. The film was directed by Don Coscarelli.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: Honeymoon in Vegas is a 1992 comedic movie which was directed by Andrew Bergman. Jack Singer, played by Nicolas Cage, encounters a group of "Flying Elvises" (skydiving Elvis impersonators) while trying to reunite with his fiancée. Pop singer Bruno Mars, only six years old at the time, has a small role as a young Elvis impersonator. It also featured Clearance Giddens, a black Elvis.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: Almost Elvis is a 75-minute 2001 documentary film that follows a variety of professional Elvis impersonators such as they prepare for a large annual contest in Memphis, Tennessee.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: Elvis Extravaganza is a 60-minute 2009 Elvis impersonator documentary featuring amateur Elvis impersonators and their quest for the title of the "World's Finest Elvis Impersonator."


title: Elvis impersonator

text: Lilo and Stitch is a 2002 animated Disney movie that has Stitch, a blue alien, impersonate Elvis for a scene. The film's soundtrack contains multiple Elvis songs with the titular Hawaiian girl named Lilo being a huge fan.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: The plot of the "Father Ted" episode "Competition Time" revolves around the three main characters Father Ted Crilly, Father Dougal McGuire and Father Jack Hackett entering the "All Priests Stars in Their Eyes Lookalike Competition". Due to confusion about who is going as Elvis all three do it, appearing in sequence as Elvis at different stages of his career, winning the competition.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: Jeff Yagher played an Elvis impersonator (as well as Elvis himself) in an episode of "The Twilight Zone" called "The Once and Future King". The man who played Elvis' boss at the Crown Electric company was Red West, a real life schoolmate and best friend of Elvis.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: In the "Sledge Hammer!" episode "All Shook Up", Hammer (David Rasche) investigates a string of Elvis impersonator murders by participating in a contest as one.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: In the "Digimon Adventure" anime, one of the main villains, Etemon has the character of an Elvis impersonator.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: In an episode of "Married... with Children", the character Peggy Bundy claims to have seen Elvis at a mall, prompting a large number of Elvis impersonators to come to her home so she can share her "experience."


title: Elvis impersonator

text: In "Meltdown," an episode of the British TV series "Red Dwarf", Clayton Mark portrays a 'wax droid' version of Elvis who, under the command of Arnold Rimmer along with other 'wax world' historical figures, is engaged in battle with the evil historical figures. In the end credits of the episode, Mark sings the theme tune in the style of Elvis.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: In an episode of the American sitcom "The Golden Girls", the characters of Blanche and Rose are considering hiring an Elvis impersonator for their "Hunka Hunka Burnin' Love Fan Club," yet Rose mixes up the Elvis list with the guest list for the wedding of the character of Sophia. As a result, Sophia's wedding reception is filled with Elvis impersonators (one played by a young Quentin Tarantino) instead of members of her own family, and Rose exclaims, "Either I got the Elvis list mixed with the guest list for the wedding or everyone in Sophia's family appeared on "The Ed Sullivan Show"!"


title: Elvis impersonator

text: In "Wedding Card," an episode of the Canadian sitcom "Corner Gas", Oscar and Emma Leroy admit to having no photos of their wedding because "it was an Elvis wedding". Their fellow townspeople understand this sentiment, but in the final scene they are shown burning those selfsame photographs, which display both Oscar and Emma dressed as Elvis.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: In the "Boo Haw Haw" Halloween special of Cartoon Network's "Ed, Edd, n Eddy", one of the titular characters named Eddy is dressed-up as a zombie Elvis for trick-or-treating.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: The main character of Cartoon Network's "Johnny Bravo" is heavily influenced by Elvis along with James Dean and Michael Jackson. The original unaired pilot even had Johnny Bravo as a literal Elvis Presley impersonator.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: The Disney Channel sitcoms "Hannah Montana" and "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody" both featured main characters dressing up and acting like Elvis. The Martin twins dressed-up as twin-Elvises in an episode of "The Suite Life" where they were appearing on a gameshow called "Risk It All!", and Miley's brother Jackson, in "Hannah Montana", impersonated Elvis twice: The first time was to fool a gossip reporter, as a coverup, after Miley accidentally blabbed the Hannah-secret to her; and the second time was when Miley and Lily impersonated Dolly Parton and Miley's "Mamaw" Ruthie, respectively, after it came out that Ruthie and Dolly (portrayed by Parton herself) had a fight over Elvis Presley.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: In an episode of "Due South", Season one, episode 10, "The Gift of the Wheelman", It's Christmas time and the police station is filled with Santas, elves and Elvises.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: A season one episode of "Full House" had the character Uncle Jesse (John Stamos) play Elvis in a concert.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: Talent shows focused on imitating already famous singers will often have Elvis impersonators. i.e., the Chilean version of the European show "My name is..." featured at least three of them.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: An advertisement for State Farm Insurance featured four Elvis impersonators, each of which performed the company's "magic jingle" in succession, causing representatives from the company to appear out of thin air. The final Elvis impersonator made a splash by parachuting in on top of a car.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: The 24th season of the American adaptation of "Big Brother" featured Daniel Durston, an Elvis impersonator from Las Vegas, Nevada. Durston was the fifth houseguest evicted, lasting 37 days in the house.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: In "Civilization II", the "Attitude" Advisor in the player's "High Council", who advises on the peoples' happiness, is an Elvis Presley caricature, depicted wearing sunglasses even in the Ancient period. He is played by Frank Wagner.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: In "", the Kings are an Elvis-themed gang based out of the "King's School of Impersonation". Despite matching his attire, hairstyle and voice, the Kings are unaware of Elvis as a historical musician, not even knowing what his name was - only that he must have been worshiped for there to be a building dedicated to teaching people to imitate him.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: In later levels of "Theme Hospital", patients arrive at the hospital suffering from "King Complex". Symptoms of the condition included the patient dressing up like Elvis, wearing a white/grey jacket with a red music note at its back, matching trousers, sunglasses and Elvis' famous hairdo. It is cured by visiting a psychologist, who tells the patient how ridiculous he/she look


title: Elvis impersonator

text: In "", Elvis impersonators are a type of pedestrians commonly spawned in the Las Venturas (which is modelled after Las Vegas) area of the map.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: One of the most popular modern plays dealing with Elvis impersonation is Lee Hall's "Cooking with Elvis" (1999). The comedy centers on the family life of Dad, an Elvis impersonator who was paralyzed in a car crash and is forced to spend the rest of his life in a wheel chair. Climaxes of the play are surreal fantasy scenes in which Dad's hallucinatory Elvis dreams are bursting into popular Presley songs as a reminiscence of his one-time persona of Elvis impersonator.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: Playwright Charlotte Jones' award-winning play "Martha, Josie and the Chinese Elvis" opened 15 April 1999 at the Octagon Theatre, Bolton. The play features a Chinese Elvis impersonator called Timothy Wong, who transforms the lives of the characters in the play.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: Another popular theater event has been the "Elvis Story" over the last five years. Different Elvis artists have been in the main role with very detailed outfits, wigs and props. This has prompted other impersonators, like Mark Lee Pringle of Ohio, to include these details in their shows. Mark portrays the 1950s rock-a-billy era complete with exact replicas of all of Elvis' performance guitars and stage clothes from 1954 to 1958, as well as old 1950s RCA microphones and even a full-size Nipper dog statue on-stage (Mark is the only impersonator that uses RCA's Nipper).


title: Elvis impersonator

text: In paleontology, researchers D.H. Erwin and M.L. Droser in a 1993 paper derived from the Elvis impersonators the term "Elvis taxon" (plural "Elvis taxa"), which denotes a taxon that has been misidentified as having re-emerged in the fossil record after a period of presumed extinction, but is not actually a descendant of the original taxon, instead having developed a similar morphology through convergent evolution.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: An Elvis impersonator in Arkansas, who legally had his name changed to Elvis Presley, unsuccessfully ran for the positions of Arkansas Commissioner of State Lands in 2014, Arkansas State Senator of District 26 in 2016, and U.S. Representative of Arkansas's District 1 in 2018.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: Steve Fitter is an Elvis impersonator from Waikato. On the 15th of May, 2011, he entered the Elvis Down Under competition in Upper Hutt. The three songs he sang were, "If I Can Dream", "Kentucky Rain" and "Polk Salad Annie". He was the winner of the competition. In the following month, he was off to compete at the Wintersun Festival in New South Wales. In February 2013, he was set to appear at the annual fourth tribute to Elvis Presley event, held at the Auckland Botanic Gardens in Manurewa, Auckland. Elvis impersonators set to appear besides Fitter were Brendon Chase, Melissa Perkins and Kerryn Winn. Dean Vegas and Paul Fenech from Australia were also booked for the event.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: Des Perenara, a Maori Elvis comes from Auckland but is now based in Cardigan, Wales. He has taken part in the Porthcawl Elvis Festival. His day job is at BGT Laboratories in Ffostrasol, which makes antidote products including snake anti-venom. He once sang some songs on Karaoke at a 30th birthday party which his mother in law loved. It was her motivation that helped him become an Elvis tribute artist. He appeared in episode 3 of the BBC Two Wales documentary, "Cardigan Bay Coastal Lives".


title: Elvis impersonator

text: Andy Stankovich is a well known Elvis impersonator from Auckland, New Zealand. He has been performing as Elvis since around 2000. Besides performing throughout New Zealand, he has performed in Australia, Hawaii, Fiji and the United States.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: During the 1970s, a star attraction at the Aloha Lounge in Florida's Hawaiian Inn was Mr. Fatu. At the time, he was referred to as the greatest Elvis impressionist around. Following a break, he was back December 1976. The following year in August 1977, he was appearing at the Colonial Inn, fronting a nine-piece band called Coastal Connection. Among the LP albums he recorded were his 1976 album, "Mr. Fatu Sings Elvis", which was recorded live at The Hawaiian Inn, and "Manatua Mai A'u (Remember Me)", released on the Tam-Bay label. His single "Love's Not Made of Time" by "God Will Rule" was produced by John Centinaro, who would work with another Elvis impersonator, Johnny Charro. Another single of his, released on the Fire Mountain label in 1980, "Just One Look" by "Darling" is a sought after collectors item.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: During the early 1990s, Sam Leilani from Reseda, L.A. made the news briefly. He was a former dancer with a Polynesian troupe. Leilani, who had referred to himself as a "rock 'n' roll-singing Polynesian guy", had formed a rockabilly band in the early 90s and had performed in Hawaii. He would be in the traditional Elvis dress from the waist up, but from below the waist was in Bermuda shorts and bare feet.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: Alphonso Keil was an Elvis impersonator and professional musician. He was born in Samoa in 1944, came to New Zealand as a boy. He was from the same family that made up the Keil Isles. During the 1960s, he played drums with Sonny Day and The Sundowners. Also during the 1960s, he played rhythm guitar with The Zodiacs and then The Kavaliers, a group fronted by his brother Freddie. Keil was influenced by Elvis impersonator Andy Stankovich who he saw live. In the late 90s he started up a group called Alphonso Keil and the Kavaliers. He performed regularly at the Elvis in the Park concerts at Cranwell Park in Henderson, Auckland, New Zealand, New Zealand. He died at age 64 in July 2008, after battling cancer.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: Another Elvis of Samoan descent is Johnny Angel. He is a published author and has appeared on New Zealand television in ads, "Like Minds, Like Mine". Like Alphonso Keil before him, Angel regularly performs at the Parkes Elvis Festival, an event that now attracts 20,000. He was there in 2016 for the event, and in there in 2018.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: Kwok Lam-sang, known as Melvis, was a long-time Elvis impersonator in Hong Kong. He died at the end of 2020.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: Malaysia has Tony Warren who is known as "the Tom Jones of Malaysia". He also has an Elvis tribute act. He has been performing since the late 1960s and in the 1980s was performing at the Copper Grill in The Weld on Jalan Raja Chulan, Kuala Lumpur, and in later years at the Royal Selangor Club in Dataran Merdeka.


title: Elvis impersonator

text: The Philippines has its own Elvis Presley impersonator, Filipino singer, and actor Eddie Mesa, dubbed as the Elvis Presley of The Philippines. Eddie is still performing mostly in bars or 6-star hotels, especially with Elvis impersonators. Another Filipino Elvis impersonator is singer businessman Chito Bertol who also impersonates Elvis Presley mostly at Bistro RJ Bar in Makati City, and sometimes occasionally performs every year with Filipino singer businessman Ramon Jacinto who was the founder of Bistro RJ and his radio station DZRJ 100.3 FM & his TV station DZRJ TV 29 in the Philippines.


title: Susan Bennett

text: Susan Alice Bennett (née Cameron, born July 31, 1949) is an American voice actress and a former backup singer for Roy Orbison and Burt Bacharach. She is best known as the female American voice of Apple's Siri personal assistant, since the service was introduced on the iPhone 4S on October 4, 2011. She was the voice of Siri until the iOS 7 update was released on September 18, 2013.


title: Susan Bennett

text: Bennett was born in Burlington, Vermont, and attended high school at Clinton Central School in Clinton, New York. In 1967, she enrolled in Pembroke College and graduated in 1971 from Brown University after the two schools merged. In college, Bennett focused on the classics, intending to be a teacher. She acted in Sock and Buskin theatrical productions, was a member of a jazz band, and was a singer with the Chattertocks, an a cappella group.


title: Susan Bennett

text: Bennett's career began in 1974 when she was recorded as the voice of First National Bank of Atlanta's Tillie the All-Time Teller. She has recorded messages for the public address system in all Delta Air Lines terminals worldwide, for e-learning software and GPS navigation software, and for telephone systems. Her voice has also been used in numerous local and national television advertisements for companies including Ford, Coca-Cola, Fisher-Price, McDonald's, The Home Depot, Goodyear, Visa, Macy's, Hot Pockets, Club Med, and Cartoon Network. In 2021, she provided the voice of EMMA, an artificial intelligence application, in "Persona 5 Strikers" by Atlus.


title: Susan Bennett

text: In June 2005, the software company ScanSoft was looking for someone to be the voice for a database project involving speech construction. They inquired with GM Voices and selected Bennett, who happened to be present when the scheduled voice-over artist was absent. She worked in a home recording booth in July 2005, more than four hours each day, reading phrases and sentences. The recordings were then concatenated into the various words, sentences, and paragraphs used in the Siri voice. Bennett became aware she was the voice of Siri when a friend emailed her about it in October 2011.


title: Susan Bennett

text: Apple has never acknowledged or confirmed its use of Bennett, but audio-forensics experts hired by CNN expressed 100% certainty that Bennett was the voice of Siri.


title: Susan Bennett

text: At Brown University, Bennett met her first husband, professional ice hockey player Curt Bennett. She later married audio engineer and guitarist Rick Hinkle. She now lives in Atlanta, Georgia.


title: Susan Bennett

text: On October 4, 2011, she appeared on CNN "New Day" explaining how she was picked to play the part of Siri.


title: Susan Bennett

text: In the March 13, 2015, episode of Adult Swim's "The Jack and Triumph Show", titled "Siri", Bennett appeared as herself and was referred to as the "voice of Siri".


title: Susan Bennett

text: In July 2016, Bennett appeared on comedian Anthony Anderson's ABC game show "To Tell the Truth", and was revealed as the voice of Siri.


title: Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan

text: The Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan (also known as The Book of Adam and Eve) is a 6th-century Christian extracanonical work found in Ge'ez, translated from an Arabic original.


title: Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan

text: It was first translated from the Ge'ez Ethiopic version into German by August Dillmann. It was first translated into English by S. C. Malan from the German of Ernest Trumpp. The first half of Malan's translation is included as the "First Book of Adam and Eve" and the "Second Book of Adam and Eve" in "The Lost Books of the Bible and the Forgotten Books of Eden". The books mentioned below were added by Malan to his English translation; the Ethiopic is divided into sections of varying length, each dealing with a different subject.


title: Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan

text: Books 1 and 2 begin immediately after the expulsion from the Garden of Eden, and end with the testament and translation of Enoch. Great emphasis is placed in Book 1 on Adam's sorrow and helplessness in the world outside the garden.


title: Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan

text: In Book 1, the punished Serpent attempts to kill Adam and Eve, but is prevented by God, who again punishes the Serpent by rendering it mute and casting it to India. Satan also attempts to deceive and kill Adam and Eve several times. In one of his attempts on their life, he throws a boulder which ends up encompassing Adam and Eve. God eventually saves them and compares this event with the upcoming Resurrection of Christ. God also predicts several other future Biblical events, including Noah and the flood.


title: Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan

text: In Book 2, the "sons of God" who appear in are identified as the children of Seth, and the "daughters of men" as women descended from Cain, who successfully tempt most of the Sethites to come down from their mountain and join the Cainites in the valley below, under the instigation of Genun, son of Lamech. This Genun, as the inventor of musical instruments, seems to correspond to the Biblical Jubal; however he also invents weapons of war. The Cainites, descended from Cain the first murderer, are described as exceedingly wicked, being prone to commit murder and incest. After seducing the Sethites, their offspring become the Nephilim, the "mighty men" of Gen. 6 who are all destroyed in the deluge, as also detailed in other works such as "I Enoch" and "Jubilees".


title: Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan

text: Books 3 and 4 continue with the lives of Noah, Shem, Melchizedek, etc. through to the destruction of Jerusalem by Titus in AD 70. The genealogy from Adam to Jesus is given, as in the Gospels, but including also the names of the wives of each of Jesus' ancestors, which is extremely rare.


title: Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan

text: "The Cave of Treasures" is a Syriac work containing many of the same legends; indeed, as Malan remarks, a whole body of stories expanding upon the Old Testament is found in the Talmud, in the Koran, and in other late antique texts.


title: Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan

text: The "First Book of Adam and Eve" and the "Second Book of Adam and Eve", Malan's translation as modernized by Dennis Hawkins:


title: Carriage return

text: A carriage return, sometimes known as a cartridge return and often shortened to CR, codice_1 or return, is a control character or mechanism used to reset a device's position to the beginning of a line of text. It is closely associated with the line feed and newline concepts, although it can be considered separately in its own right.


title: Carriage return

text: Originally, the term "carriage return" referred to a mechanism or lever on a typewriter. For machines where the type element was fixed and the paper held in a moving "carriage", this lever was on the left attached to the moving carriage, and operated after typing a line of text to cause the carriage to return to the far right so the type element would be aligned to the left side of the paper. The lever would also usually "feed" the paper to advance to the next line.


title: Carriage return

text: Many electric typewriters such as IBM Electric or Underwood Electric made carriage return to be another key on the keyboard instead of a lever. The key was usually labeled "carriage return", "return", or "power return". With typewriters like the Selectric, where the type element moved when typing and the paper was held stationary, the key returned the type element to the far left and the term "carrier return" was sometimes used for this function.


title: Carriage return

text: To improve the keyboard for non-English-speakers, the symbol ↵ (U+21B5, HTML entity codice_2) was introduced to communicate the combined carriage return and line feed action.


title: Carriage return

text: In computing, the carriage return is one of the control characters in ASCII code, Unicode, EBCDIC, and many other codes. It commands a printer, or other output system such as the display of a system console, to move the position of the cursor to the first position on the same line. It was mostly used along with line feed (LF), a move to the next line, so that together they start a new line. Together, this sequence can be referred to as CRLF.


title: Carriage return

text: Many computer programs use the carriage return character, alone or with a line feed, to signal the end of a line of text, but other characters are also used for this function (see newline); others use it only for a paragraph break (a "hard return"). Some standards which introduce their own representations for line and paragraph control (for example HTML) and many programming languages treat carriage return and line feed as whitespace.


title: Carriage return

text: In ASCII and Unicode, the carriage return is defined as 13 (or hexadecimal 0D); it may also be seen as control+M or . In the C programming language, and many other languages (including regular expression) influenced by it, codice_3 denotes this character.


title: Rider deaths in motorcycle racing

text: This article lists motorcycle riders who have died competing at motorcycle racing events. This article lists rider deaths in all series, at any level.


title: Rider deaths in motorcycle racing

text: There have been over 275 recorded competitor deaths in the Isle of Man since 1910. Some Isle of Man deaths are included directly below, as the races carried World Championship status until a British Grand Prix was established on short-circuits from 1977.


title: Rider deaths in motorcycle racing

text: Listed are fatalities of riders in the World Grand Prix Motorcycle Racing Championship races since its foundation in 1949. In total, 104 riders have died from incidents that occurred at Grand Prix motorcycle racing events, with Ben Drinkwater being the first in 1949. Three riders died in the 1940s; twenty-nine in the 1950s; twenty-seven in the 1960s; twenty-four in the 1970s; fourteen in the 1980s; two in the 1990s; one in the 2000s; three in the 2010s; and one in the 2020s. The most recent fatal accident occurred in May 2021 when Jason Dupasquier was killed after a crash during qualifying at the Italian Grand Prix, while the most recent fatal accident to occur in the 500 cc/MotoGP class happened in October 2011, when Marco Simoncelli was killed after he was struck by Valentino Rossi and Colin Edwards during the Malaysian Grand Prix.


title: Rider deaths in motorcycle racing

text: Eight Grand Prix motorcycle racing champions have died while racing or practicing in Grand Prix motorcycle racing: Dario Ambrosini in 1951, Leslie Graham in 1953, Rupert Hollaus in 1954, Tom Phillis in 1962, Bill Ivy in 1969, Jarno Saarinen in 1973, Daijiro Kato in 2003, and Marco Simoncelli in 2011. While Hollaus is often credited as the only rider to win the championship posthumously, he had mathematically clinched the 1954 125 cc world championship title, as he had achieved the maximum number of points possible at the time of his death.


title: Rider deaths in motorcycle racing

text: Since the beginning in 1950, 96 riders have lost their lives with the most recent being at December 2021, nine of those since 1993, when the began to replace the numerous competing engines including the , Triumph, , and the HKS produced ; 23 of those since 1967, when it became compulsory for tracks to take place on paved asphalt.


title: Ronan (song)

text: "Ronan" is a charity single by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, released as an iTunes-exclusive download on September 8, 2012, through Big Machine Records. The lyrics are based on a blog by Phoenix-resident Maya Thompson about her three-year-old son Ronan, who died from neuroblastoma in 2011. Swift wrote and produced the song by putting together quotes from the blog, crediting Maya Thompson as co-writer. All proceeds from sales of the single were donated for charity causes to raise awareness of and fight against cancer.


title: Ronan (song)

text: Musically, "Ronan" is a soft rock ballad instrumented by a sole finger-picked guitar with occasional piano tunes and minimal drum brushes. Swift performed the song live only twice, first at the 2012 Stand Up to Cancer telethon. Music critics have lauded the song artistically, deeming it a prime example of Swift's abilities as a singer-songwriter to conjecture vivid emotional sentiments through her songwriting. The single peaked at number 16 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 and was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America. A re-recorded version, "Ronan (Taylor's Version)", was included in Swift's 2021 album "Red (Taylor's Version)", a re-recording of her 2012 studio album.


title: Ronan (song)

text: Swift wrote the song after reading Maya Thompson's blog. Thompson is the mother of three-year-old Ronan Thompson, who died in 2011 of neuroblastoma. He had been treated at Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital. Maya began writing in August 2010 when Ronan was diagnosed and she continued penning her entries in the blog "Rockstar Ronan" during the nine months that Ronan suffered from the illness before dying in May 2011, just three days before his fourth birthday. Maya worked through her grief by continuing the blog, writing letters to her late son whilst raising money and awareness for childhood cancer causes.


title: Ronan (song)

text: The pair met in October 2011, when Swift invited Maya to her concert at the Jobing.com Arena in Glendale, Arizona. She wrote about her reaction when Taylor told her that she'd penned the song inspired by her blog entries, "My calmness soon turned to complete and utter frozen shock when these words came out of her mouth. 'I wrote a song for Ronan.'" Thompson added, addressing her late son, "'The tears started pouring down my cheeks as soon as I heard her say those words. But her words didn't stop there. Not only did she write a song for you, but she wanted to know if it would be alright to perform it on the nationally televised show." Swift credits Thompson as the co-writer of the song. It was released to the US iTunes Store shortly after the Stand Up to Cancer telethon ended, and all proceeds of the single go towards cancer charities.


title: Ronan (song)

text: Mark Hogan of "Spin" magazine describes "Ronan" as a soft rock ballad. Swift wrote and produced the song based on the blog entries by co-writer Maya Thompson.


title: Ronan (song)

text: "Ronan" received universal acclaim from critics. "Rolling Stone" called the song "heartbreaking". Bill Dukes of "Taste of Country" wrote: "It was clear [Swift] was just the voice for Maya Thompson..." Ed Masley of "The Arizona Republic" said that "'Ronan' may very well be [Swift's] finest hour as an artist." Thompson herself, in a 2012 interview with MTV, recalled her experience listening to Swift's live rendition at Stand Up to Cancer: "Listening to it was very emotional and I was blown away by how she got it. She got it in a way that most people don't. She took the time to take the intimate parts of things I'd written and put them into the song." Thompson's portion of the proceeds from her co-writing credit went to her Ronan Thompson Foundation.


title: Ronan (song)

text: "Ronan" was downloaded 220,000 times in its first week, debuting at number 2 on the Digital Song Sales chart. The song was blocked by Swift's own song "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together" from the top spot. On the "Billboard" Hot 100, the song peaked at number 16. It also peaked at number 34 on the Hot Country Songs chart.


title: Ronan (song)

text: Swift first performed the song live for Stand Up to Cancer in September 2012, and has only performed it publicly one other time, when Maya Thompson attended the Glendale, Arizona stop of The 1989 World Tour on August 17, 2015.


title: Ronan (song)

text: Swift re-recorded "Ronan", subtitled "(Taylor's Version)", for her second re-recorded album, "Red (Taylor's Version)", released on November 12, 2021, through Republic Records. Prior to the re-recording, Thompson confirmed she had granted Swift permission. A lyric video for the track was confirmed through Thompson via Twitter on November 11, 2021, the day before the album was released. The video contains images and home video footage of Ronan with Thompson, provided to Swift by Thompson herself.


title: Voldemort: Origins of the Heir

text: Voldemort: Origins of the Heir is an English-language Italian fantasy film directed by Gianmaria Pezzato and with Stefano Prestia as executive producer. It is an unofficial fan-made prequel to the "Harry Potter" film series. "Voldemort: Origins of the Heir" depicts the story of Tom Riddle's rise to power as a dark wizard and main antagonist in the "Harry Potter" saga. Several original characters are introduced in the film: not only the protagonist, but also the other Hogwarts houses' heirs, and several minor characters for the plot.


title: Voldemort: Origins of the Heir

text: The official teaser trailer was released on Facebook and YouTube in June 2017. The Facebook video exceeded 30 million views in less than 48 hours. On 1 December 2017, the final trailer was released on YouTube. The film was not released in cinemas but is available to view for free on YouTube. It was uploaded for viewing on 13 January 2018 and by March 2018 had received over 15 million views. Reception to the film has been generally mixed with criticism levelled at the actors (specifically their ages) and direction, but praise for the special effects and production values.


title: Voldemort: Origins of the Heir

text: As a flashback, Tom Riddle is shown packing his bags and preparing to leave his house. As he does so, he pauses over a photograph of himself and three other students before abandoning it. In the present, Grisha McLaggen is attempting to break into a Soviet Auror warehouse, but despite defeating many of the guards is captured and fed an intravenous drip of Veritaserum while questioned by the KGB General Makarov. In a mixture of flashbacks and present tense a Soviet reconnaissance team finds a chest filled with dark objects, including Riddle's diary, but are killed soon after opening it. In the warehouse, Grisha explains that she was a student with Riddle at Hogwarts, who along with Wiglaf Sigurdsson and Lazarus Smith were the true heirs of the Hogwarts founders (Gryffindor, Slytherin, Ravenclaw, and Hufflepuff, respectively). The heirs formed a club dedicated to "making the world a better place". When an argument occurred between Lazarus and Riddle over Grisha's affections, they fell out. Grisha noted Riddle was becoming distant to them all and changed completely after the incident. Over the last few years Grisha has become an Auror and dedicated herself to tracking down Riddle in the belief she can save him from himself and the dark path.


title: Voldemort: Origins of the Heir

text: Under further questioning and flashbacks, it is shown how Riddle stole both Hufflepuff's cup and Slytherin's locket from Hepzibah Smith before killing her and framing her house-elf Hokey, and that Grisha believes he intends to create Horcruxes. She thinks that Riddle's diary – the artefact she was trying to retrieve from the warehouse – will give her a clue as to either his whereabouts, or his intent. She also explains that he has since killed both Lazarus and Wiglaf, and it is implied that he has already started using the name "Voldemort".


title: Voldemort: Origins of the Heir

text: After deliberation, Makarov says that he believes her story because she was under the influence of Veritaserum when she told it – yet just because "she" believes it does not actually mean that it is true; she could be mistaken in her belief. However, he is not willing to take the chance, as the threat of Gellert Grindelwald is still a recent memory and so gives her the diary, saying, "it is a Brit problem", and that they should deal with it. Grisha is released, returned her personal belongings and allowed to leave. As she leaves, Makarov asks her how she knew they had the diary, and Grisha replies, "I didn't – or maybe "I" did..." before transfiguring into Voldemort and killing Makarov and his assembled guards.


title: Voldemort: Origins of the Heir

text: The film ends with a flashback to a second reconnaissance team finding the chest and recovering it. The two Soviets discuss the contents, mentioning that the bones are female (the implication being that they are Grisha's) and what they mean, with one grimly concluding that there must be darkness in order for there to be light.


title: Voldemort: Origins of the Heir

text: The film was conceived by Pezzato and Prestia as an unofficial prequel to the Harry Potter film series, and initially crowdfunded on Kickstarter in 2016. A trailer for the film was officially released in June 2017 through Tryangle Films.


title: Voldemort: Origins of the Heir

text: Litigation with Warner Bros. ended the crowdfunding due to copyright violations. The defendants agreed to not generate profit.


title: Voldemort: Origins of the Heir

text: Reception to the film has been generally mixed, with most reviews complimenting the special effects and production values, whilst criticising the acting and direction. Kat Brown of "The Telegraph" gave the film "Two warm drinks out of five", noting that while "the cast are uniformly gorgeous", they were far too old to portray their ages accurately – "Moroni, supposedly playing an 11-year-old second year, is one lollipop away from being an inappropriate fancy dress costume". Brown was more appreciative of the technical aspects, stating that the magic was impressive, highlighting the use of moving photographs, owls and filming locations. Calla Wahlquist of "The Guardian" makes similar comments, that "Pezzato does weird things with camera angles", and that "the English dubbing is not great", but counterpoints it with the statement that "the visual effects are, in many places, better than the multimillion-dollar Warner Brothers movies. The costuming and sets are also good" and that she enjoyed the twist ending. Rick Austin writing for "Fortress of Solitude" is equally dismissive, albeit for different reasons, speaking highly of Pezzato's directing, but criticising "the story, the casting, the acting, the poor dubbing, the scattershot editing and the production design." Common to other reviewers, Austin was critical of the ages of the actors against their supposed characters, but impressed by the special effects.


title: Kenneth Tobey

text: Kenneth Jesse Tobey (March 23, 1917 – December 22, 2002) was an extremely prolific American actor who performed in hundreds of productions during a career that spanned more than half a century, including his role as the star of the 1957-1960 Desilu Productions TV series "Whirlybirds".


title: Kenneth Tobey

text: Tobey was born in 1917 in Oakland, California. Following his graduation from high school in 1935, Kenneth entered the University of California, Berkeley, with intentions to pursue a career in law, until he began to dabble in acting at the school's theater. His stage experience there led to a drama scholarship, a year-and-a-half of study at New York City's Neighborhood Playhouse, where his classmates included fellow actors Gregory Peck, Eli Wallach, and Tony Randall.


title: Kenneth Tobey

text: During World War II, Tobey joined the United States Army Air Forces, serving in the Pacific as a rear gunner aboard a B-25 bomber. Throughout the 1940s, with the exception of his time in military service, Tobey acted on Broadway and in summer stock. After appearing in a 1943 film short, "The Man of the Ferry", he made his Hollywood film debut in the 1947 Hopalong Cassidy Western "Dangerous Venture". He then went on to appear in scores of features and on numerous television series. In the 1949 film "Twelve O' Clock High", he is the negligent airbase sentry who is dressed down by General Frank Savage (played by Gregory Peck). That same year, Tobey performed in a brief comedy bit in another film, "I Was a Male War Bride" starring Cary Grant. His performance in that minor part caught the attention of director Howard Hawks, who promised to use the 32-year-old actor in something more substantial.


title: Kenneth Tobey

text: In 1951, Tobey was cast in Howard Hawks' production "The Thing from Another World". In this classic sci-fi film he portrays Captain Patrick Hendry, a United States Air Force pilot, who at the North Pole leads a scientific outpost's dogged defense against an alien portrayed by James Arness, later the star of the television series "Gunsmoke". Tobey's performance in Hawks' film garnered the actor other parts in science-fiction movies in the 1950s, usually reprising his role as a military officer, such as in "The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms" (1953) and "It Came from Beneath the Sea" (1956).


title: Kenneth Tobey

text: Tobey appeared in the 1952 episode "Counterfeit Plates" on the CBS series "Biff Baker, U.S.A.", an espionage drama starring Alan Hale, Jr. He portrayed a plainclothes policeman in a 1953 episode of the anthology series "Schlitz Playhouse of the Stars" starring Angela Lansbury and Morris Ankrum, including a lengthy fistfight between Tobey's and Ankrum's characters. He was cast in the 1954-1955 CBS legal drama "The Public Defender" starring Reed Hadley. He guest-starred in three episodes of NBC's Western anthology series "Frontier". His "Frontier" roles were as Wade Trippe in "In Nebraska" (1955) and then as Gabe Sharp in "Out from Texas" and "The Hostage" (1956). In 1955, he also portrayed legendary frontiersman Jim Bowie on ABC's "Davy Crockett", a Walt Disney production, with Fess Parker in the title role. After Bowie's death in the series at the Battle of the Alamo, Tobey played a second character, Jocko, in the two final episodes of "Davy Crockett".


title: Kenneth Tobey

text: Tobey then, in 1957, appeared in the syndicated religion anthology series "Crossroads" in the role of Mr. Alston in the episode "Call for Help", and as Jim Callahan in "Bandit Chief" in the syndicated Western series "The Sheriff of Cochise". Later that same year, Tobey starred in the television series "Whirlybirds", a successful CBS and then-syndicated adventure produced by Desilu Studios. In it, he played the co-owner of a helicopter charter service, along with Craig Hill. "Whirlybirds" was a major hit in the United States and abroad, with 111 episodes filmed through 1960. It remained in syndication worldwide for many years.


title: Kenneth Tobey

text: In 1958, Tobey also appeared as John Wallach in the episode "$50 for a Dead Man" in Jeff Richards's NBC Western series "Jefferson Drum". In 1960, he guest-starred in the episode "West of Boston" of another NBC Western series, "Overland Trail", starring William Bendix and Doug McClure. Also in 1960, he appeared as Colonel Lake on "Death Valley Days" and on ABC's Western "The Rebel", starring Nick Adams. Tobey made three guest appearances on "Perry Mason", twice in 1960 and once in 1962 as Jack Alvin, a deputy district attorney. On the long-running Western series "Gunsmoke," he portrayed a cruel, knife-wielding buffalo hunter in the 1960 episode titled "The Worm". Tobey in 1962 also guest-starred on another Western series, "Lawman", playing the character Duncan Clooney, an engineer who seeks to move a shipment of nitroglycerin through Laramie, Wyoming. When the town is evacuated to allow passage of the explosives, two of Clooney's employees decide they will take advantage of the situation to rob the bank.


title: Kenneth Tobey

text: Tobey also guest-starred in Jack Lord's 1962-1963 ABC adventure series about a rodeo circuit rider, "Stoney Burke". In 1967, he performed on the series "Lassie", in the episode "Lure of the Wild", playing a retired forest ranger who tames a local coyote. He also appeared as a slave owner named Taggart in "The Wolf Man", a 1967 episode of "Daniel Boone", starring Fess Parker. A few of the many other series in which Tobey later performed include "Adam-12" (1969), "S.W.A.T." (1975) as a desk sergeant who disapporves of Officer Luca's disheveled looks, "Gibbsville" (1976), MV "Klickitat" (1978), "Emergency!" (1975), and "Night Court" (1985).


title: Kenneth Tobey

text: He became a semiregular on the NBC drama series "I Spy" as the field boss of agents Robinson and Scott, played by Robert Culp and comedian Bill Cosby. Christian Nyby, director of "The Thing From Another World", often directed those episodes. Tobey also portrayed a ship's captain on the "Rockford Files" starring James Garner in an episode titled "There's One in Every Port".


title: Kenneth Tobey

text: In 1957, Tobey portrayed a sheriff in "The Vampire" (a film that some sources today often confuse with the 1935 production "Mark of the Vampire"). That year, he also appeared in a more prestigious film, serving as a featured supporting character with John Wayne and Maureen O'Hara, the co-stars of John Ford's "The Wings of Eagles". In that film, Tobey, with his naturally red hair on display in vibrant Metrocolor, portrays a highly competitive United States Army Air Service officer. In one memorable scene, he has the distinction of shoving a piece of gooey cake into John Wayne's face, whose character is a rival United States Navy aviation officer. Not surprisingly, a room-wrecking brawl ensues.


title: Kenneth Tobey

text: Tobey's work over the next several decades was increasingly involved in television productions. He did, though, continue to perform in a range of feature films, such as "Stark Fear", "Marlowe" starring James Garner as Raymond Chandler's detective Philip Marlowe, "Billy Jack" starring Tom Laughlin, "Walking Tall" starring Joe Don Baker, "The Howling", the war movie "MacArthur" (in which he portrays Admiral "Bull" Halsey), "Airplane!", "Gremlins", "Big Top Pee-wee" starring Paul Reubens, and "".


title: Kenneth Tobey

text: Although Tobey had a busy acting career in films and on television, he also periodically returned to the stage. In 1964, he began a long run on Broadway opposite Sammy Davis, Jr., in the musical version of Clifford Odets' play "Golden Boy". Some of his other Broadway credits are "As You Like It", "Sunny River", "Janie", "Sons and Soldiers", "A New Life", "Suds in Your Eye", "The Cherry Orchard", and "Truckline Cafe".


title: Kenneth Tobey

text: As his long career drew to a close, Tobey still received acting jobs from people who had grown up watching his performances in sci-fi films of the 1950s, particularly Joe Dante, who included the veteran actor in his stock company of reliable players. Two appearances on the sitcom "Night Court" came the same way, through fans of his work. Along with other character actors who had been in 1950s sci-fi and horror films (John Agar, Robert O. Cornthwaite, Gloria Talbott, etc.), Tobey starred in a spoof originally titled "Attack of the B Movie Monster". In 2005, Anthem Pictures released the completed feature version of this spoof on DVD under the new title "The Naked Monster". Tobey's scenes in that release were actually shot in 1985, so "The Naked Monster" is technically his final film credit, being released three years after his death. He had, however, continued to act throughout most of the 1990s. One of those notable roles is his performance in the 1994 "" episode "" as Rurigan, an alien who recreates his dead friends as holograms. Among other examples of Tobey's final decade of work are his two appearances as Judge Kent Watson on the series "L.A. Law".


title: Guddan Tumse Na Ho Payega

text: Guddan Tumse Na Ho Payega () is an Indian Hindi television series which aired from 3 September 2018 to 26 January 2021 on Zee TV, and is digitally available on the ZEE5. Produced by Ved Raj for Shoonya Square Productions, the series starred Kanika Mann and Nishant Singh Malkani. after a leap it starred Kanika Mann and Savi Thakur.


title: Guddan Tumse Na Ho Payega

text: Guddan Gupta, a kind young woman in Indore, marries billionaire chef Akshat Jindal to save her step-sister's life. Guddan's mother died when she was young; she was raised by her father, Bhushan Gupta, and stepmother Kaushlya Gupta, who dislikes her. Guddan feels guilty for being unable to save her birth mother. Her stepmother criticizes her, saying ""Guddan Tumse Na Ho Payega!"" Guddan's support system is Bhushan and her step-sister, Revati Gupta.


title: Guddan Tumse Na Ho Payega

text: Widower Akshat Jindal lost his first wife, Antara, in a traumatic accident which drove him into a world of his own. An unemotional, no-nonsense person, he is a father figure to his three nephews (the children of his elder brother, Avinash Jindal) and their wives. They love and fears from him.


title: Guddan Tumse Na Ho Payega

text: Guddan marries Akshat; although she annoys him, he protects and supports her. She slowly develops self-confidence, and he begins to feel emotions he does not understand. Earlier in their marriage, Akshat thought that Guddan married him for his money; later, he begins to appreciate her innocence and kindness. During their wedding reception, he learns that Kaushlya deceitfully arranged their marriage. After realizing that he had misunderstood Guddan, Akshat begins to trust her and appreciates her care for his mother.


title: Guddan Tumse Na Ho Payega

text: Police officer Vikram Rawat, Antara's elder brother, forced Guddan to stay with Akshat to collect evidence that Akshat killed Antara.


title: Guddan Tumse Na Ho Payega

text: Although Guddan hides her knowledge about Vikram's intentions from Akshat and the rest of the family, she defends Akshat when Vikram arrests him. Akshat learns that Guddan was staying at his house to gather evidence against him, and breaks her mangala sutra.


title: Guddan Tumse Na Ho Payega

text: Akshat's younger brother, Angad Jindal, is mentally ill and was believed to be partially responsible for Antara's death. Akshat hides Angad from the police, and is annoyed when Guddan brings Angad back to Akshat's house.


title: Guddan Tumse Na Ho Payega

text: The entire Jindal family celebrates Holi in Goa, Akshat tries to replace Guddan's mangala sutra; however, she wants him to do so when he accepts her with his heart and not from social pressure. After Angad stabs Akshat, Akshat accepts Guddan wholeheartedly as his wife.


title: Guddan Tumse Na Ho Payega

text: Antara, thought to be dead, reappears and tries to destroy Akshat and Guddan's relationship as Guddan's faith in him is shaken. Angad gets killed by Antara's henchmen. On Akshat and Guddan's honeymoon (arranged by Angad), AJ shoots her and she falls from a cliff.


title: Guddan Tumse Na Ho Payega

text: When AJ sees Guddan, he is shocked. Revati has married Inspector Parv Singh. Guddan asks AJ why he shot her. He says that he wanted to keep her from learning about Revati's hatred of her, which Guddan knows was fueled by Antara. Guddan confronts Revati, who wants to destroy Guddan and Akshat's happiness.


title: Guddan Tumse Na Ho Payega

text: Alisha (Akshat and Antara's daughter) appears at the Jindal house during a pooja. A devastated Guddan leaves Akshat, although they still love each other. She begins a relationship with AJ, and believes that she is pregnant with their child. Antara tries to kill her, and is arrested. When AJ thinks that Guddan has aborted the baby because he is working with Antara, he marries Antara in revenge.


title: Guddan Tumse Na Ho Payega

text: Four years later, Guddan is a successful actress in Mumbai. In Indore, Akshat has become an impoverished alcoholic; Antara runs the house. Guddan comes to Indore to promote her film, and she and Akshat meet again. Akshat and Guddan meet several times leading them to clear their misunderstandings. They reunite and consummate their marriage whereas Guddan is revealed to be a pregnant. The family enjoys good time; Guddan gives birth to a baby girl, they name her as Choti Guddan. Then arrives Avinash and Ganga; Akshat's elder brother and his wife whom Dadi refuses to forgive initially. But Guddan makes Dadi forgive them. Avinash and Ganga pretend to be nice in the beginning but soon show their true colors they kidnap Choti Guddan. Akshat and Guddan rescue their baby but they lose their life.


title: Guddan Tumse Na Ho Payega

text: Choti Guddan is all grown up and looks just like Badi Guddan she runs Akshat's restaurant. Agastya joins Guddan as her manager and steals her restaurant for his mother, Pushpa. Later it is revealed that he is Chikoo. The show ends with Agastya and Choti Guddan's reunion and return of Guddan (Choti Guddan's mother). At last it is shown that Guddan is missing Akshat and talking to his photo hang on wall.


title: Guddan Tumse Na Ho Payega

text: In January 2020, the series timeline advanced four years. Its production and broadcast were halted indefinitely in late March 2020 due to the COVID-19 outbreak in India. Filming of television series and films was halted on 19 March. It was expected to resume on 1 April, but could not; the series' remaining episodes were broadcast on 24 March. Production resumed on 28 June 2020, with broadcasts scheduled to resume on 13 July.


title: Guddan Tumse Na Ho Payega

text: In April 2020, a special episode was filmed at the cast members' homes. On 22 June 2020, "Guddan Tumse Na Ho Payega" began streaming on the ZEE5 digital platform as lockdown-special episodes in which the cast reminisced about past episodes and discussed their lockdown routines.


title: Guddan Tumse Na Ho Payega

text: In May 2020, amid rumors that Nishant Singh Malkani was leaving the series, the time jump was cited as a factor. Malkani said, "Because post leap they will be showing a story of a young girl who is supposedly Guddan and my daughter. Since Kanika (Mann) will be playing the daughter's role as well, it makes sense for her but does not leave much scope for me. I won't be able to play a 50-year-old father and they also don't want me to play that at this age. So it is a mutual decision," Producer Ved Raj said about the time jump, "This decision has nothing to do with the lockdown. We had planned to introduce a time leap and a new track much before that. We realized that there was nothing left to explore in the original story. The new storyline seems promising. It's just that the plan couldn't be executed earlier because everything came to a halt owing to the lockdown."


title: Guddan Tumse Na Ho Payega

text: The series' audience was unhappy with the time shift and Malkani's departure, expressing their displeasure in emails and on social media. Savi Thakur, known for his role in "Porus", joined the cast in August 2020 as male lead Agastya Birla in the new timeline.


title: Rockbitch

text: Rockbitch was a British, mostly female, lesbian and bisexual metal band, who performed nude and incorporated sexual acts and Pagan rituals into their performances.


title: Rockbitch

text: Rockbitch was originally formed in 1984 as Cat Genetica by bassist Amanda Smith-Skinner ("the Bitch") and guitarist Tony Skinner ("the Beast"). The band was later renamed Red Abyss, in 1989, and drew band members from the matriarchal, polyamorous, pagan, feminist community of which Smith-Skinner was a member.


title: Rockbitch

text: Musically, Red Abyss drew on jazz, funk and rock influences dominated by singer Julie Worland's Janis Joplin–influenced vocals. In time, their music took on harder punk and metal influences. Red Abyss became Rockbitch with the lineup change of Jo Heeley on drums. The lineup varied over the years to include 'Luci the Stage Slut', 'The Haema-Whore', and Kali and Erzulie—the 'Sex Magik Priestesses'.


title: Rockbitch

text: The former two were primarily a combination of sexual performance artists and gonzo-camera team, capturing closeups of stage action projected on the wall behind the band while performing. They were also responsible for the cued playing of prepared art videos of subject matter relating to the songs. This included female genital mutilation, eating disorders, body dysmorphia, and menstruation taboos.


title: Rockbitch

text: The band toured Germany, France, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Sweden, Denmark, the UK (but were banned from venues in Scotland), Italy, Spain, Finland, Slovenia, Czech Republic and Estonia, as well as a promotional tour in Canada.


title: Rockbitch

text: Rockbitch became infamous not only for performing live sex acts but also doing so with audience members via "The Golden Condom". During their shows, a condom was tossed into the crowd; whoever caught it (male or female) was taken backstage for sexual acts with band members.


title: Rockbitch

text: In 1997, Rockbitch made tabloid headlines after they played at a school for pre-teen children, although for this particular concert they changed their name to "Rocky Beaches", wore modest clothes, and sang non-sexual songs.


title: Rockbitch

text: Rockbitch toured widely from approximately 1998 until 2002, meeting increasing resistance from authorities, particularly English, German and Norwegian town councils who often banned their concerts. The band were often forced to find alternative venues to perform.


title: Rockbitch

text: After an event in Almelo, Netherlands, TVAmsterdam arranged a concert in Zaandam, recording the experience and adding extra footage to create the documentary "Bitchcraft".


title: Rockbitch

text: The Rockbitch line-up became entirely female in 2000. Original lead guitarist Tony "The Beast" Skinner retired, taking over management/production. Lisa "Babe" Wills took lead guitar duties, while Luci, previously "Stage Slut" (one of the nude dancers and sexual band/crowd liaisons), took over rhythm guitar.


title: Rockbitch

text: Babe stated in 2002, "Rockbitch had no problem with lads out for seeing breasts, as they were a component of the audience, there were always others seeing the deeper meaning and both groups had a good time. They generally made up for a great combined atmosphere".


title: Rockbitch

text: Members lent their voices to female and sexual issues, were winners of the yearly prize at the Sex Maniacs Ball (now Night of the Senses) founded by Tuppy Owens, openly voiced their admiration for sexual politics icons such as Annie Sprinkle and Betty Dodson, and generally advocated for open female sexuality as a healthy part of human nature. In an extension of the 1970s feminist statement that ‘the personal is the political’, they stated that no feminist movement was complete without female sexuality being re-examined, redefined and expressed in whatever shape it took by women themselves. They saw rock music as the perfect medium to do so, as it had been the arena for the expression of masculine sexuality for so long, whereas women's bodies were often a marketing spice to add interest to a product rather than a source of personal empowerment.


title: Rockbitch

text: After the release of its first studio album, "Motor Driven Bimbo", Rockbitch were increasingly pressured to censor their stage performances by their record company. They refused and successfully negotiated a release from their contract.


title: Rockbitch

text: The band took care never to break any laws regarding the content of their stage shows in any country or territory. Continued attention from British police about their sexually driven themes and performances combined with local council opposition to their adult-only shows. Underhanded pressure on venue owners regarding liquor and performance licenses resulted in difficulties performing live—even when venue owners were positive towards the band. Tours were booked and then dates pulled with only days to spare. The frustration and problems this created led to Rockbitch ceasing performing live in 2002.


title: Rockbitch

text: Rockbitch were the subject of many documentaries and featured in many shows. Amongst others, Rockbitch were the subject of a 30-minute documentary on BBC Choice the same year. A further, hour-long documentary was broadcast on Channel 5 in the UK in 2003. Award-winning director Norman Hull made ‘This is Rockbitch’ in 2003. They can still be spotted in repeats of ‘Sexcetera’.


title: Rockbitch

text: In 2005, the entire latter-day Rockbitch lineup emerged under the name MT-TV. This was a music-only project—no sex or nudity of the Rockbitch days—but it incorporated stage theatrics and provided sociosexual-based political comment through its lyrics. After a UK tour in summer 2005, they performed throughout the United States. The first part of their US tour was documented on the DVD 'Shevolution', released by Blackwing Films in 2006.


title: Rockbitch

text: The most recent program, released in 2017, is a Swedish documentary on the rise in popularity of witchcraft and its feminist connections. The first film crew to be allowed access behind the commune walls since the cessation of the Rockbitch live performances, the documentary contains a recap of their musical career, and provides insight into their pagan/witchcraft roots with how it underpinned their music and interviews with Babe.


title: Rockbitch

text: Amanda and Jo subsequently went on to form the band Syren with singer/songwriter Erin Bennett, who joined the Rockbitch commune in 2006.


title: Rockbitch

text: In 2012, Jo died of breast cancer. Amanda gave up her musical career shortly after. Erin Bennett subsequently continued as a solo artist with a backing band that contains some ex-members of Rockbitch, discarding the name Syren and performing as Erin Bennett and the EB Band. In the last two years, the band have undergone a complete rebranding and are now touring as a ProgRock band under the name EBB.


title: Rockbitch

text: Julie, the lead singer of Rockbitch, continues her musical career under the name Krow, creating hard dance music in the style of Noise Terror Punk EDM. Her music and video were also featured in the Swedish documentary.


title: Lists of Survivor (American TV series) episodes

text: "Survivor" is an American reality television show, a derivative of the Swedish program, "Expedition Robinson". It is broadcast on CBS and hosted by Jeff Probst.


text: The first season, "", premiered on May 31, 2000 as part of the summer 2000 primetime scheduling cycle, and it has been aired semiannually since 2001. . On March 9, 2022, the series renewed for the forty-third and forty-fourth seasons. The forty-fourth season will premiere on March 1, 2023.


title: Vault (architecture)

text: In architecture, a vault (French "voûte", from Italian "volta") is a self-supporting arched form, usually of stone or brick, serving to cover a space with a ceiling or roof. As in building an arch, a temporary support is needed while rings of voussoirs are constructed and the rings placed in position. Until the topmost voussoir, the keystone, is positioned, the vault is not self-supporting. Where timber is easily obtained, this temporary support is provided by centering consisting of a framed truss with a semicircular or segmental head, which supports the voussoirs until the ring of the whole arch is completed.


title: Vault (architecture)

text: Corbelled vaults, also called false vaults, with horizontally joined layers of stone have been documented since prehistoric times; in the 14th century BC from Mycenae. They were built regionally until modern times.


title: Vault (architecture)

text: The real vault construction with radially joined stones was already known to the Egyptians and Assyrians and was introduced into the building practice of the West by the Etruscans. The Romans in particular developed vault construction further and built barrel, cross and dome vaults. Some outstanding examples have survived in Rome, e.g. the Pantheon and the Basilica of Maxentius.


title: Vault (architecture)

text: Brick vaults have been used in Egypt since the early 3rd millennium BC. widely used and from the end of the 8th century B.C. Keystone vaults were built. However, monumental temple buildings of the pharaonic culture in the Nile Valley did not use vaults, since even the huge portals with widths of more than 7 meters were spanned with cut stone beams.


title: Vault (architecture)

text: Amongst the earliest known examples of any form of vaulting is to be found in the neolithic village of Khirokitia on Cyprus. Dating from , the circular buildings supported beehive shaped corbel domed vaults of unfired mud-bricks and also represent the first evidence for settlements with an upper floor. Similar beehive tombs, called "tholoi", exist in Crete and Northern Iraq. Their construction differs from that at Khirokitia in that most appear partially buried and make provision for a dromos entry.


title: Vault (architecture)

text: The inclusion of domes, however, represents a wider sense of the word vault. The distinction between the two is that a vault is essentially an arch which is extruded into the third dimension, whereas a dome is an arch revolved around its vertical axis.


title: Vault (architecture)

text: Pitched-brick vaults are named for their construction, the bricks are installed vertically (not radially) and are leaning (pitched) at an angle: This allows their construction to be completed without the use of centering. Examples have been found in archaeological excavations in Mesopotamia dating to the 2nd and 3rd millennium BCE, which were set in gypsum mortar.


title: Vault (architecture)

text: A barrel vault is the simplest form of a vault and resembles a barrel or tunnel cut lengthwise in half. The effect is that of a structure composed of continuous semicircular or pointed sections.


title: Vault (architecture)

text: The earliest known examples of barrel vaults were built by the Sumerians, possibly under the ziggurat at Nippur in Babylonia, which was built of fired bricks cemented with clay mortar.


title: Vault (architecture)

text: The earliest barrel vaults in ancient Egypt are thought to be those in the granaries built by the 19th dynasty Pharaoh Ramesses II, the ruins of which are behind the Ramesseum, at Thebes. The span was and the lower part of the arch was built in horizontal courses, up to about one-third of the height, and the rings above were inclined back at a slight angle, so that the bricks of each ring, laid flatwise, adhered till the ring was completed, no centering of any kind being required; the vault thus formed was elliptic in section, arising from the method of its construction. A similar system of construction was employed for the vault over the great hall at Ctesiphon, where the material employed was fired bricks or tiles of great dimensions, cemented with mortar; but the span was close upon , and the thickness of the vault was nearly at the top, there being four rings of brickwork.


title: Vault (architecture)

text: Assyrian palaces used pitched-brick vaults, made with sun-dried mudbricks, for gates, subterranean graves and drains. During the reign of king Sennacherib they were used to construct aqueducts, such as those at Jerwan. In the provincial city Dūr-Katlimmu they were used to created vaulted platforms. The tradition of their erection, however, would seem to have been handed down to their successors in Mesopotamia, viz. to the Sassanians, who in their palaces in Sarvestan and Firouzabad built domes of similar form to those shown in the Nimrud sculptures, the chief difference being that, constructed in rubble stone and cemented with mortar, they still exist, though probably abandoned on the Islamic invasion in the 7th century.


title: Vault (architecture)

text: A groin vault is formed by the intersection of two or more barrel vaults, resulting in the formation of angles or groins along the lines of transition between the webs. In these bays the longer transverse arches are semi-circular, as are the shorter longitudinal arches. The curvatures of these bounding arches were apparently used as the basis for the web centrings, which was created in the form of two intersecting tunnels as though each web was an arch projected horizontally in three dimensions.


title: Vault (architecture)

text: The earliest example is thought to be over a small hall at Pergamum, in Asia Minor, but its first employment over halls of great dimensions is due to the Romans. When two semicircular barrel vaults of the same diameter cross one another their intersection (a true ellipse) is known as a groin vault, down which the thrust of the vault is carried to the cross walls; if a series of two or more barrel vaults intersect one another, the weight is carried on to the piers at their intersection and the thrust is transmitted to the outer cross walls; thus in the Roman reservoir at Baiae, known as the "Piscina Mirabilis", a series of five aisles with semicircular barrel vaults are intersected by twelve cross aisles, the vaults being carried on 48 piers and thick external walls. The width of these aisles being only about there was no great difficulty in the construction of these vaults, but in the Roman Baths of Caracalla the tepidarium had a span of , more than twice that of an English cathedral, so that its construction both from the statical and economical point of view was of the greatest importance.