title: Sustainable tourism

text: In the 1990s, international tourism was seen as an import potential growth sector for many countries, particularly in developing countries as many of the world's most beautiful and 'untouched' places are located in developing countries. Prior to the 1960s studies tended to assume that the extension of the tourism industry to LEDCs was a good thing. In the 1970s this changed as academics started to take a much more negative view on tourism's consequences, particularly criticizing the industry as an effective contributor towards development. International tourism is a volatile industry with visitors quick to abandon destinations that were formerly popular because of threats to health or security.


title: Sustainable tourism

text: Tourism is seen as a resilient industry and bounces back quickly after severe setbacks, like natural disasters, September 11th attacks and COVID-19. Many call for more attention to "lessons learned" from these setbacks to improve mitigation measures that could be taken in advance.


title: Sustainable tourism

text: Due to COVID-19, an unprecedented decrease of 65% took place in international tourist numbers in first half of 2020 as compared to 2019. Countries around the world closed their borders and introduced travel restrictions in response to the pandemic. The situation is expected to gradually improve in 2021 depending upon lifting of travel restrictions, availability of COVID-19 vaccine and return of traveler confidence.


title: Sustainable tourism

text: Furthermore, the current corona pandemic has made many sustainability challenges of tourism clearer. Therefore sustainable tourism scholars call for a transformation of tourism. They state that the corona pandemic has created a window of opportunity, in which we can shift towards more sustainable practices and rethink our systems. The system we have in place now, cannot be sustained in its current form. The constant aim for economic growth goes at the expense of Earth´s ecosystems, wildlife and our own well-being. The gap between rich and poor is growing every year, and the pandemic has spurred this even further. Our current systems are often in place for the few, leaving the many behind. This is no different for the global and local tourism systems. Therefore, tourism scholars argue we should learn from the pandemic. “COVID-19 provides striking lessons to the tourism industry, policy makers and tourism researchers about the effects of global change. The challenge is now to collectively learn from this global tragedy to accelerate the transformation of sustainable tourism”.


title: Sustainable tourism

text: Technology is seen as a partial solution to the disruptive impacts of pandemics like COVID-19. Although it can be counterproductive for sustainable tourism if it is utilized for data collection that may be misused for mass tourism, technology and digital advancements have provided the tools necessary for e-tourism to evolve and become more valuable amidst the pandemic. Scholars argue that "surrogate tourism" will allow tourists to remain home while employing local guides at the destination to facilitate personalized, interactive, real-time tours (PIRTs). While these options will not take the place of conventional travel experience, there is a market for PIRTS especially for persons with disabilities and the elderly, and for the "sustainable citizen who wishes to minimize their impact on the planet".


title: Sustainable tourism

text: Historically, the movement toward sustainable tourism through responsible tourism emerged following the environmental awareness that rose out of the 1960s and 70s amidst a growing phenomenon of “mass tourism”. In 1973, the European Travel Commission initiated a multilateral effort to advance environmentally sound tourism and development. Jost Krippendorf, a former professor at the University of Bern, is considered to be one of the first individuals to express ideas about sustainable tourism. In his book "The landscape eaters", Krippendorf argues for “sanfter turismus”, or "soft tourism". The South African national tourism policy (1996) used the term "responsible tourism" and mentioned the well-being of the local community as a main factor. In 2014, the Cape Town Declaration on Responsible Tourism focused on the role of business in promoting responsible tourism. While further research is needed to understand the impacts of responsible tourism, a study conducted in 2017 found that well-managed responsible tourism practices were beneficial to local communities.


title: Sustainable tourism

text: The Haliburton Sustainable Forest in central Ontario, Canada is a sustainably managed and privately owned 100,000 forest that supports both tourism and the logging industry. Based on a 100-year plan for sustaining the forest, the Haliburton Sustainable Forest has sources of income with tourism and logging that contribute to the long-term stability of the local economy and to the health of the forest. In just over four decades the forest has been transformed from a run-down forestry holding to a flourishing, multi-use operation with benefits to owners, employees and the public at large as well as the environment.


title: Sustainable tourism

text: In 2019 Machu Picchu in Peru was "recognized as Latin America’s first 100% sustainable city through the management of its waste".


title: Sustainable tourism

text: Biosphere Tourism is an organization that certifies industry players who are able to balance sociocultural, economic and ecological factors within a tourism destination. The TreadRight Foundation (The Travel Corporation's not-for-profit foundation) has been recognized in 2019 by the UNWTO’s annual awards for its pioneering work in sustainability.


title: Devon Conway

text: Devon Philip Conway (born 8 July 1991) is a New Zealand cricketer, born in South Africa, who now plays in New Zealand, where he became eligible to represent the New Zealand cricket team. In March 2020, the International Cricket Council (ICC) confirmed that Conway would be eligible to play for New Zealand from 28 August 2020. In May 2020, New Zealand Cricket awarded him with a central contract, ahead of the 2020–21 season.


title: Devon Conway

text: Conway made his international debut for New Zealand in November 2020. In June 2021, in his first Test match, Conway became the second batter for New Zealand after Mathew Sinclair, and seventh overall, to score a double century on his Test debut. As a result, Conway was named the ICC Men's Player of the Month for June 2021. In April 2022, Conway was named as one of the five "Wisden" Cricketers of the Year.


title: Devon Conway

text: Conway started playing in South African domestic cricket. In August 2015, he was included in Gauteng's squad for the 2015 Africa T20 Cup. He played in all three matches for Gauteng, scoring 53 runs. In August 2017, at the age of 26, he moved to New Zealand to pursue a cricket career.


title: Devon Conway

text: In June 2018, he was awarded a contract with Wellington for the 2018–19 season in New Zealand. In the second round of the 2018–19 Plunket Shield season, Conway scored an unbeaten double century against Otago at the Basin Reserve. He was the leading run-scorer in the 2018–19 Super Smash, with 363 runs in nine matches. He was also the leading run-scorer in the 2018–19 Plunket Shield season, with 659 runs in seven matches.


title: Devon Conway

text: In March 2019, he was named as the Men's Domestic Player of the Year at the annual New Zealand Cricket awards. In October 2019, in the 2019–20 Plunket Shield season, Conway scored an unbeaten 327 for Wellington against Canterbury. It was the ninth triple century in first-class cricket in New Zealand. He went on to score 393 runs in the match, the most number of runs scored in a single first-class match in New Zealand. On 6 January 2020, in the 2019–20 Super Smash tournament, Conway scored an unbeaten century, from 49 balls. He was the leading run-scorer in the tournament, with 543 runs in eleven matches. He was also the leading run-scorer in the 2019–20 Ford Trophy, with 553 runs in ten matches, and the leading run-scorer in the 2019–20 Plunket Shield season, with 701 runs in six matches.


title: Devon Conway

text: In April 2020, Conway was named as the men's domestic player of the year by New Zealand Cricket at their annual award ceremony. The following month, he was signed by Somerset County Cricket Club to play in the 2021 T20 Blast in England.


title: Devon Conway

text: In February 2022, he was bought by the Chennai Super Kings in the auction for the 2022 Indian Premier League tournament.


title: Devon Conway

text: In November 2020, Conway was named in the New Zealand A cricket team for practice matches against the touring West Indies team. Later the same month, he was named in New Zealand's Twenty20 International (T20I) squad for the series against the West Indies. He made his T20I debut for New Zealand on 27 November 2020, against the West Indies. In December 2020, Conway was added to New Zealand's Test squad, covering for BJ Watling who suffered a hamstring injury.


title: Devon Conway

text: In March 2021, Conway was named in New Zealand's One Day International (ODI) squad for their series against Bangladesh. He made his ODI debut for New Zealand on 20 March 2021, against Bangladesh. On 26 March 2021, Conway scored his first century in ODI cricket, in the third match of the series against Bangladesh.


title: Devon Conway

text: In April 2021, Conway was named in New Zealand's Test squad for their series against England, and for the final of the 2019–21 ICC World Test Championship. Conway made his Test debut on 2 June 2021, for New Zealand against England. In the match Conway became the 12th batsman for New Zealand to score a century on his Test debut, and the first visiting batsman after Sourav Ganguly to hit a century at Lord's on Test debut. Conway's score of 200 was the highest score by a men's Test debutant in England. At the age of 29 years and 329 days, Conway also became the oldest batsman to score a double century on his Test debut.


title: Devon Conway

text: In August 2021, Conway was named in New Zealand's squad for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup. However, Conway was ruled out of New Zealand's squad for the final of the tournament after breaking his hand during the semi-final match against England.


title: Poptropica

text: Poptropica is an online role-playing game, developed in 2007 by Pearson Education's Family Education Network, and targeted towards children aged 6 to 15. "Poptropica" was primarily the creation of Jeff Kinney, the author of the "Diary of a Wimpy Kid" series. As of 2015, he remains at the company as the Creative Director. The game primarily focuses on problem-solving through game quest scenarios, called "islands". Islands all center on a problem that the player must resolve by going through multiple obstacles, collecting and using items, talking to various characters, and completing goals. All islands, upon completion, award "credits," which are non-negotiable currency that may be used to buy costumes and special effects in the "Poptropica" store.


title: Poptropica

text: In 2011, "Poptropica" was listed on "Time" magazine's list of "50 Websites that Make the Web Great", where it was described as "an inventive megasite for kids with a wholesome and slightly educational bent". By 2012, the game had grown to have over 75 million registered users, with 35 million in the 15-25 age group. Versions of the game have been released on Nintendo DS and 3DS, iOS, and Android mobile devices. In May 2015, it was announced that Family Education Network was sold by Pearson to the interactive-education venture capitalist Sandbox Networks, and that "Poptropica" had "over 3.2 million monthly unique users in 200 countries and territories".


title: Poptropica

text: In 2020, because of the discontinuation of Adobe Flash, "Poptropica" began porting their old islands that were built on Adobe Flash over to an HTML5 format. As a result of "Poptropica"'s utilization of varying Flash engines, a number of islands were unable to be ported immediately, and were effectively removed from the game. Fan archivists later made 35 islands available once again via the Basilisk browser within the Flashpoint program.


title: Poptropica

text: In April 2022, "Poptropica" announced that some of the old islands would return as part of a bundle on Steam. Though delayed by a day, the game was eventually released on May 26, 2022, and includes seventeen islands and "Poptropica Realms".


title: Poptropica

text: When it first launched in 2007, "Poptropica" only had one island, titled Early Poptropica Island. By 2017, it had 58 islands to be explored, all with a different theme: examples include Back Lot Island, where the player helps produce a movie, and Super Power Island, where their goal is to defeat six super villains. Each island had its own quest, for which a player could receive an island medallion as well as 150 credits to spend in the in-game Poptropica Store. Starting July 6, 2011, Poptropica allowed players to replay islands without creating a new account, while still keeping track of all the Medallions the player had earned.


title: Poptropica

text: In addition to the available island quests, advertisers contract for temporary mini-games that appear on the site, sometimes targeted to players of a certain age group or gender. Regular advertisers have included Disney, Kellogg's Froot Loops, Lego toys, and various animated movies and DVD releases. Advertisement mini-games normally appear only during a two-week period. If the player completes an advertisement mini-game, they receive a temporary prize, usually related to the media being advertised.


title: Poptropica

text: A few "Poptropica" islands are themed after certain book series: these include "Big Nate", "Timmy Failure", "Diary of a Wimpy Kid", and "Magic Tree House". These islands are permanent, and can be played at any time. In 2015, a total of seven of these islands became members-only.


title: Poptropica

text: "Poptropica" features different mini-games that users can play with other people. These include Switch, Sudoku, Hoops, Sky Dive, Paint War, Star Link, Balloons, Soupwords and Pathwise. The game keeps track of how many times the player wins or loses a certain mini-game.


title: Poptropica

text: In 2012, in partnership with Ubisoft, "Poptropica" released a video game for the Nintendo DS, titled "Poptropica Adventures".


title: Poptropica

text: On September 5, 2013, "Poptropica" launched "Poptropica: Forgotten Islands", an iOS game, which allows players to meet new characters and discover story elements about "Poptropica" by finding artifacts littered throughout the game. It was also released on the Nintendo 3DS system through Ubisoft in 2014. It has been replaced on iOS and Android with a mobile version of the desktop "Poptropica" game.


title: Poptropica

text: On January 11, 2017, "Poptropica" announced via their blog that they were introducing another game called "Poptropica Worlds", developed in Unity. It was released in spring 2017. "Poptropica Worlds" has new features, such as redesigned characters, customizable homes, and new islands. Returning players are able to port over their avatar's look and name to "Poptropica Worlds". "Poptropica Worlds" can be played on both the web and mobile. If membership was bought for "Poptropica", it carries over to "Poptropica Worlds", and vice versa.


title: Jane Fraser (executive)

text: Jane Fraser (born 1967) is a British-American banking executive and the chief executive (CEO) of Citigroup, a position she has held since March 2021. Educated at Girton College, Cambridge, and Harvard Business School, she was a partner at McKinsey & Company for 10 years before joining Citigroup in 2004. In 2019, she was named president of Citigroup, and also CEO of Consumer Banking.


title: Jane Fraser (executive)

text: In September 2020, Citigroup announced that she would replace Michael Corbat as CEO of Citigroup Inc. in February 2021, becoming the first woman to head a major U.S. bank. She was included on "Fortune" "Most Powerful Women in Business" list in 2014 and 2015 and has been called the "Number 1 Woman to Watch" for two consecutive years by "American Banker".


title: Jane Fraser (executive)

text: Jane Fraser was born in St Andrews, Scotland. She attended Girton College, Cambridge, from 1985 to 1988, graduating with an BA (promoted to a MA per tradition) in economics.


title: Jane Fraser (executive)

text: After graduation, she worked as a mergers and acquisitions analyst at Goldman Sachs, London, from July 1988 to July 1990, then as a brokerage associate for Asesores Bursátiles, a Madrid-based securities broker, from August 1990 to June 1992. In 1992 she enrolled at Harvard Business School, earning her MBA in 1994.


title: Jane Fraser (executive)

text: In 1994 she joined McKinsey & Company, working in financial services and global strategy, eventually rising to partner. For the first six years she worked in New York, and for the last four years in London. She worked part-time while raising her young children.


title: Jane Fraser (executive)

text: She wrote articles on globalization and was a co-author, with three other McKinsey employees, of the 1999 book "Race for the World: Strategies to Build a Great Global Firm". As part of her research for the book, she traveled to China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Singapore, and India to interview McKinsey clients about their global challenges. After hearing her speak about the book, Citigroup executive Michael Klein spent several years encouraging Fraser to make the move to Citigroup, which she eventually did in 2004.


title: Jane Fraser (executive)

text: Fraser was hired as Head of Client Strategy in Citigroup's investment and global banking division in July 2004. In October 2007 she was promoted to Global Head of Strategy and Mergers and Acquisitions, a position she held until May 2009. Her tenure as Global Head coincided with the financial crisis of 2007–2009, and she was part of the executive team that was "charged with restructuring the group, leading its re-engineering effort, making divestments and raising new capital".


title: Jane Fraser (executive)

text: In June 2009 she was named CEO of Citi Private Bank. At the time of her promotion, the bank was running an annual deficit of approximately $250 million; it returned to the black during her four-year tenure. Among the changes she implemented were a decrease in the ratio of private bankers to clients, with a target of one banker for every 30 clients, and the removal of commissions and sales formulas for bankers in favor of a year-end discretionary bonus.


title: Jane Fraser (executive)

text: In May 2013 she was asked to replace the retiring CEO of CitiMortgage. Though she knew the move was a career risk, she accepted the challenge. Her stewardship of Citigroup's mortgage division coincided with the marketwide drop in demand for mortgage refinancing, forcing the bank to refocus its efforts on selling residential mortgages to home buyers. Citigroup closed several mortgage offices nationwide and laid off 1,000 employees in September 2013 alone.


title: Jane Fraser (executive)

text: Less than a year later, in March 2014, Fraser was promoted to CEO of US Consumer and Commercial Banking, succeeding Cecelia Stewart who announced her retirement. And in April 2015 she was named CEO of Citigroup Latin America, with responsibility for operations in 24 countries. The latter promotion followed a reshuffling of Citigroup executives sparked by the retirement of Manuel Medina-Mora, CEO of Citigroup's global consumer bank. Medina-Mora was replaced by Stephen Bird, former CEO for the Asia-Pacific region, who in turn was replaced by Francisco Aristeguieta, former CEO of Citigroup Latin America. While based in Miami, Fraser has been tasked with, among other things, "instilling a more U.S.-like culture" at Banamex (Banco Nacional de México), owned and operated by Citigroup since 2001. The bank was fined $2.2 million on fraud charges in 2014. The head of Banamex, Ernesto Torres Cantu, reports directly to Fraser.


title: Jane Fraser (executive)

text: In October 2019, Fraser was appointed President of Citigroup and Head of Global Consumer Banking (GCB), and was responsible for all of Citi’s Consumer businesses, including Retail Banking and Wealth Management, Credit Cards, Mortgage and Operations and Technology in 19 markets.


title: Jane Fraser (executive)

text: In September 2020, Citigroup announced its CEO, Michael Corbat's retirement, to be effective in February 2021. Fraser was appointed to succeed Corbat, becoming the first female CEO of a top-tier Wall Street Investment Bank, leading the third-largest bank in the U.S.


title: Jane Fraser (executive)

text: Fraser has taken an approach to work during the Covid-19 pandemic that differs from peer CEOs, instituting permanent plans to allow staff to work from home some days of the week, and granting staff greater flexibility in their schedules than other Wall Street firms. She has cited differentiating Citigroup from other bulge bracket banks such as Goldman Sachs and JPMorgan Chase during recruiting as a motivation for this approach.


title: Jane Fraser (executive)

text: Fraser is scheduled to speak at the November 2022 Global Financial Leaders' Investment Summit, with the Hong Kong Democracy Council claiming that her presence, along with other financial executives, legitimizes the Hong Kong government's whitewashing of the erosion of freedoms in the city.


title: Jane Fraser (executive)

text: Fraser is Vice Chair for Partnership for New York City and a member of the Harvard Business School’s Board of Dean’s Advisors, the Stanford Global Advisory Board, the Economic Club of New York and the Council on Foreign Relations. Fraser has led the Citi Operations team since 2021. She was also a member of the board of the Touch Foundation from 2006 to 2015.


title: Jane Fraser (executive)

text: In 2015 Fraser was ranked number 41 on "Fortune" list of the 51 Most Powerful Women in Business, up from number 48 on the 2014 list. "American Banker" named her the "Number 1 Woman to Watch" both in 2014 and 2015.


title: Jane Fraser (executive)

text: Fraser was selected for the inaugural 2021 Forbes 50 Over 50; made up of entrepreneurs, leaders, scientists and creators who are over the age of 50.


title: Jane Fraser (executive)

text: Fraser is married and the mother of two sons. Her husband, a native of Cuba, left his job as a bank manager in Europe during the financial crisis of 2008 to spend more time caring for their young children. In June 2015 Fraser appeared on a CBS Local report about Citi Global Community Day, in which she and other volunteers spruced up the Liberty Square public housing project in Miami.


title: Jane Fraser (executive)

text: In April 2021, during her first televised interview as CEO of Citigroup (on CNBC), Fraser disclosed that despite the [British] accent, she had "been a proud American [citizen] for the last twenty years".


title: Jane Fraser (executive)

text: In May 26, 2021, during a congressional testimony before the United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, Fraser noted in her opening remarks as CEO of Citigroup, that she first arrived in the United States in 1987, before becoming a U.S. citizen in 2001.


title: Return to Paradise (1998 film)

text: Return to Paradise is a 1998 American drama-thriller film directed by Joseph Ruben, written by Wesley Strick and Bruce Robinson, and starring Vince Vaughn, Anne Heche and Joaquin Phoenix. "Return to Paradise" is a remake of the 1989 French film "". The film had its premiere on August 10, 1998, and was released to theaters on August 14, 1998.


title: Return to Paradise (1998 film)

text: It is the first film on-screen collaboration between Vaughn and Heche, the second film being "Psycho", was released in the same year.


title: Return to Paradise (1998 film)

text: Three friends, Lewis McBride, Sheriff and Tony, are seen having a fun vacation in a Malaysian paradise. Their adventures include being almost run over by a car while riding a bicycle, and being pressured into buying some rhinoceros horn from Malaysian locals. They also purchase a large bag of hash from a drug dealer. The three men wind up at their beach front house on the ocean pondering their future in the island paradise.


title: Return to Paradise (1998 film)

text: Tony and Sheriff decide to return to New York, while Lewis, being a "greenie", wishes to travel to Borneo to save endangered orangutans. On the last day, they toss the remaining hash in the garbage. As time passes in New York, Sheriff is working as a limo driver and Tony as an architect.


title: Return to Paradise (1998 film)

text: A young lawyer named Beth informs them that their friend Lewis has spent the last two years in Penang prison in Malaysia, because of hash found at their Malaysian house. She reveals that he will receive the death sentence unless one or both of the men return to share responsibility. Beth assures both of them that they will not suffer in prison, be tortured, or harmed in any way. After a gruelling eight days, during which they must make a decision, Beth and Sheriff begin a heated love affair, and both men decide to return to Malaysia. Upon their arrival, all seems well until they visit the prison to see Lewis.


title: Return to Paradise (1998 film)

text: Lewis appears to have suffered psychological damage from the harsh imprisonment, although it is reported that he has not been tortured or starved as is the case with other prisoners. Beth subsequently reveals that she is Lewis' sister and has been blatantly manipulating the two men. Her lie makes Tony fearful of the Malaysian justice system and he abandons Lewis and flies back to the United States. Sheriff initially follows Tony, but decides to face jail to save his friend and returns to the courtroom in which Lewis is being tried.


title: Return to Paradise (1998 film)

text: The judge seems heartened by this act of courage, until he discovers a news clipping from an American newspaper blaming the Malaysian justice system and condemning them for their harsh sentencing of Lewis. Because of this, the judge becomes infuriated and gives Lewis a death sentence, despite Sheriff's decision to accept his share of the responsibility. He also gives Sheriff an unknown period of jail time.


title: Return to Paradise (1998 film)

text: As Lewis is taken to his execution, Sheriff hears his screams and struggles. From a window, he is able to call to him, to assure him repeatedly that he is not alone. Just before he is hanged, Lewis calms in response to these assurances and dies quietly.


title: Return to Paradise (1998 film)

text: Sheriff assures Beth that Lewis, despite his emotional deterioration, seemed at peace in his final moments. Beth becomes emotional and kisses Sheriff as a sign of their love and connection. She tells him that the attorney general has said that the Malaysian government will quietly release him within six months, once the media attention dies down, to save face. As the guard takes Sheriff out, Beth says that she will take her brother back home and then return to Malaysia to wait for his release.


title: Return to Paradise (1998 film)

text: The film was directed by Joseph Ruben, and the screenplay was written by Wesley Strick and Bruce Robinson. Propaganda Films, Tetragram and PolyGram Filmed Entertainment produced the feature, which was distributed by the latter in the United States, Universal Pictures in Germany, Warner Bros. in France and 20th Century Fox in Argentina.


title: Return to Paradise (1998 film)

text: Anne Heche, Joaquin Phoenix and Vince Vaughn were cast in the three leading roles of Beth Eastern, Lewis McBride and John "Sheriff" Volgecherev, respectively. Vera Farmiga made her feature film debut with this film, in the supporting role of Kerrie. Jada Pinkett Smith was cast in the supporting role of M.J. Major, and David Conrad was cast in the supporting role of Tony Croft.


title: Return to Paradise (1998 film)

text: Principal photography began in November 1997, in locations including New York City, Philadelphia, Hong Kong, Phuket and Macau.


title: Return to Paradise (1998 film)

text: "Return to Paradise" made $2,465,129 in its opening weekend in the United States (ranking 14th overall at the box office) for a per theater average of $2,554. The film's eventual domestic gross of $8,341,087 failed to recoup its $14 million budget.


title: Return to Paradise (1998 film)

text: The film received mostly positive reviews from film critics. Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a 72% approval rating, based on 46 reviews, with an average rating of 6.6/10. On Metacritic it has a rating of 54 out of 100 based on reviews from 22 critics. Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.


title: Return to Paradise (1998 film)

text: Roger Ebert of the "Chicago Sun-Times" gave the film 3.5 out of 4, writing: ""Return to Paradise" has been compared to "Midnight Express", another film about a thoughtless American facing the forfeit of his life in prison far from home. That was more of a visceral film. This one is more cerebral. Like Sheriff and Tony, we're pulled both ways by the story: We want them to go back and save Lewis, but we're not exactly sure we'd do the same. That's the prisoner's dilemma in a nutshell." Owen Gleiberman of "Entertainment Weekly" wrote: ""Return to Paradise" sounds as gimmicky as a "Twilight Zone" episode, but it's not. The film tracks the week in which Sheriff struggles to discover his conscience, and it puts us right in touch with his squirmy, divided soul."


title: Return to Paradise (1998 film)

text: Janet Maslin of "The New York Times" wrote: "As Sheriff, Mr. Vaughn projects a deep-seated skepticism and chilliness that give the story its suspense; he seems quite capable of keeping his distance and leaving Lewis to die. And Mr. Phoenix, though not often seen after the film's vivid Malaysian prologue, conveys the terrible pathos in Lewis's situation. But as Ms. Heche's formidable Beth Eastern does her best to manipulate the other characters on Lewis's behalf, "Return to Paradise" takes on the abstract weightiness of an ethical debate rather than the visceral urgency of a thriller. Though the clock ticks relentlessly enough to sustain the story's tension, the film finally seems to be a character study in search of a gripping plot." Kenneth Turan of the "Los Angeles Times" gave a negative review, writing: "If it's to be experienced at all, "Return to Paradise" is best seen as a lively piece of pulp, not a profound exploration of the vagaries of the human soul."


title: Len Davis

text: Len Davis (born August 6, 1964) is a former New Orleans police officer. He was convicted of depriving civil rights through murder by conspiring with an assassin to kill a local resident.


title: Len Davis

text: Davis was known in the community as "RoboCop" because of his large size and the "Desire terrorist" due to his aggressive policing style. He had been suspended six times and received 20 complaints between 1987 and 1992 while subsequently receiving the department's Medal of Merit in 1993.


title: Len Davis

text: In 1994, an FBI sting caught Davis enforcing a protection racket upon the city's cocaine dealers. Davis had extorted protection money from a drug dealer who was an FBI informant. Nine other police officers, including two who would later testify against Davis, were later indicted for being part of a criminal conspiracy with Davis. Twenty additional New Orleans police officers were also implicated in the scheme but the investigation had to be aborted due to the murder of Kim Groves. Davis would later be convicted of additional drug-related charges while the other officers pleaded guilty.


title: Len Davis

text: In 1994, Davis beat a young man in New Orleans, mistaking him for a suspect in a police officer's shooting. Kim Groves, a 32-year old local resident and mother of three young children, witnessed the assault and filed a complaint with the New Orleans Police Department. Davis was tipped off about the complaint by another officer and then conspired with a local drug dealer, Paul Hardy, to kill Groves. Hardy shot and killed her on October 14, 1994, less than one day after she filed the complaint. A third man, Damon Causey, hid the murder weapon, a 9 mm pistol.


title: Len Davis

text: Davis was convicted in 1996 on two federal civil rights charges for directing Hardy to murder Groves and for witness tampering. Davis was initially sentenced to death on April 26, 1996. The Fifth Circuit, however, reversed his death sentence when his conviction for witness tampering was thrown out. A subsequent jury also chose the death penalty for Davis, and he was formally sentenced to death again on October 27, 2005. Davis is currently on federal death row and is imprisoned in United States Penitentiary, Terre Haute, Indiana.


title: Len Davis

text: Hardy was convicted of conspiracy to violate Groves' civil rights and of witness tampering. The witness tampering conviction would be later overturned. He was initially sentenced to death, but in 2011 his sentence was commuted to life when he was found by a judge to be intellectually disabled.


title: Len Davis

text: Causey was convicted of federal conspiracy charges and violating Groves' civil rights. He was sentenced to life imprisonment after rejecting a plea bargain that instead would have given him six to nine years in prison. His conviction was upheld on appeal.


title: Len Davis

text: In 2018, the city of New Orleans settled a lawsuit with Groves' three children in the sum of $1.5 million.


title: Athing Mu

text: Athing Mu (born June 8, 2002) is an American middle-distance runner. She is the youngest woman in history to own Olympic and world titles in an individual track and field event. At the age of 19, Mu won the gold medal in the 800 meters at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, breaking a national record set by Ajeé Wilson in 2017, and a continental under-20 record. She took a second gold as part of the women's 4 × 400 m relay. She is the 800 m 2022 World champion, becoming the first American woman to win the world championship title over the distance.


title: Athing Mu

text: Mu holds world under-20 record in the women's indoor 800 m, which she set in early 2021. She also holds the world U20 best in the indoor 600 meters, set in 2019 when she was 16 years of age. Her time is the second fastest ever run indoors and the second fastest run by an American woman in any condition.


title: Athing Mu

text: Athing Mu was born and raised in Trenton, New Jersey, and is the second youngest of seven siblings. Her parents immigrated to the United States from South Sudan, and her family is of South Sudanese heritage. She began competing in track at the age of 6. Mu did not join her high school track team, choosing to compete instead for Trenton Track Club. She graduated from Trenton Central High School in 2020.


title: Athing Mu

text: On February 24, 2019, Mu broke the American women's record at the 600 meter event at the 2019 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships with a time of 1:23.57. She bested the previous American women's record of 1:23.59 held by Alysia Montaño, and nearly broke the women's world record of 1:23.44, held by Olga Kotlyarova.


title: Athing Mu

text: On February 6, Mu ran indoor 50.52 s in the women's 400 meters, which was 0.3 seconds faster than Sanya Richards' official world under-20 record ratified by World Athletics. However, Mu's time was slower than the 50.36 s set by fellow American Sydney McLaughlin, which was not able to meet the standards for world record ratification. On February 27, she ran 1:58.40 in the 800 meters to set an indoor collegiate and world under-20 record. She bested the previous collegiate record by more than two seconds. On April 17 in Waco, Texas, running outdoors, Mu set the 800 meter USA collegiate record with a time of 1:57.73. At the 2021 NCAA Championships in Eugene, Oregon on June 12, 2021, she lowered her collegiate all-time record mark to 49.57 s in winning the 400m, before anchoring the Texas A&M Women's relay squad to victory and a new collegiate record of 3:22.34 later in the day.


title: Athing Mu

text: Mu qualified for the delayed 2020 Tokyo Olympics at the US Olympic trials held in Eugene, Oregon by placing first in the event with a time of 1:56.07, a world-leading time and the second-fastest result in American history. At the Tokyo Games, she won two gold medals for the women's 800 meters and women's 4 x 400 meters relay. In her individual event, Mu led from gun to tape in a dominant showing, finishing clear ahead of Keely Hodgkinson and compatriot Raevyn Rogers. She broke the American women's 800 meter record with a 1m 55.21s performance and ended a 53-year Olympic win drought for the USA – the last American woman who won the event was Madeline Manning at the 1968 Mexico Olympics (first Olympic 800m male or female win since Dave Wottle at the Munich 1972). Mu became also the youngest U.S. woman to win individual Olympic track and field title since Wyomia Tyus earned the 100 m title at the 1964 Tokyo Games.


title: Athing Mu

text: In her first post-Olympic race at the Prefontaine Classic, she set even better American 800 m record of one minute 55.04 seconds despite running by herself over the final lap, also the all-comers' record, making her the second fastest U20 woman ever after Pamela Jelimo and putting her eighth on the world all-time list.


title: Athing Mu

text: In that record-breaking season Mu competed 36 times (including rounds) and triumphed in 35 races to be voted World Athletics Female Rising Star of the Year.


title: Athing Mu

text: At the World Championships in Eugene, Oregon in July, Mu this time barely held off Hodgkinson to take the women's 800 m gold with a world-leading time of 1:56.30. She won by 0.08 s after a tight finish on the home stretch, with Mary Moraa trailing in third. Thus, Mu became the first American woman to win the 800 m world championship title, and the youngest woman in history to own Olympic and world titles in an individual track and field event. She also extended her outdoor win streak to nearly three years as she hadn’t lost an outdoor race (in any round, at any distance) since September 2019.


title: Neo Tokyo (film)

text: , also titled Manie-Manie on its title card, is a 1987 anime science fiction anthology film produced by Project Team Argos and Madhouse. The film was conceived and produced by Madhouse founders Masao Maruyama and Rintaro, the latter of whom served as composition organizer alongside Katsuhiro Otomo on the project.


title: Neo Tokyo (film)

text: The 50 minute-long film has three segments, each under a different screenwriter and film director: Rintaro's "Labyrinth Labyrinthos," an exploration into the maze of a little girl's mind, Yoshiaki Kawajiri's "Running Man," focusing on a deadly auto race, and Katsuhiro Ōtomo's "Construction Cancellation Order," a cautionary tale about man's dependency on technology. In addition to original music by Godiego's Mickie Yoshino, two prominently feature famous pieces of Western classical music: the first of Erik Satie's "Gymnopédies" and the "Toreador Song" of Georges Bizet's "Carmen" in "Labyrinth" and "Morning Mood" from Edvard Grieg's "Peer Gynt" score, in an ironic manner, in "The Order."


title: Neo Tokyo (film)

text: The film premiered on September 25, 1987, at that year's Tōkyō International Fantastic Film Festival. Other than festival screenings, Japanese distributor Toho originally relegated the film direct-to-video, releasing a VHS on October 10, 1987, but did eventually give it a general cinema release in Japan, on April 15, 1989. In English, the film was licensed, dubbed and released theatrically (as a double feature with the first "Silent Möbius" film) and to VHS in North America by Streamline Pictures, the license later being taken up by the now also out of business ADV Films.


title: Neo Tokyo (film)

text: The short follows Sachi (Hideko Yoshida/Cheryl Chase), a girl locked in a game of hide-and-seek with her cat Cicerone. Her search leads her to an old longcase clock which doubles as a doorway to a labyrinth world. The world is filled with supernatural oddities and characters, such as cardboard working class citizens, an invisible dog, a skeleton-led train and a weird circus. Eventually, Sachi and Cicerone arrive at a circus tent where a viewing screen is displayed, leading to the following segments.


title: Neo Tokyo (film)

text: is written for the screen and directed by Yoshiaki Kawajiri, with character design and animation direction by Kawajiri, mechanical design by Takashi Watabe and Satoshi Kumagai, key animation by Shinji Otsuka, Nobumasa Shinkawa, Toshio Kawaguchi and Kengo Inagaki and art direction by Katsushi Aoki. The segment also appeared on Episode 205 of "Liquid Television" with a different voice actor, Rafael Ferrer, than Michael McConnohie's Streamline dub.


title: Neo Tokyo (film)

text: A revolution in the fictional South American country of the Aloana Republic has resulted in a new government being installed; this new government refuses to accept a contract detailing the construction of Facility 444. The company responsible for the construction has begun to lose millions, so salaryman Tsutomu Sugioka (Yū Mizushima/Robert Axelrod) is sent to stop production. The work is completely automated, carried out by robots programmed to finish the job no matter the consequences and led by a robot identified as 444-1 (Hiroshi Ōtake/Jeff Winkless). Witnessing the destruction of several robots and Robot 444-1's refusal to cease operations, Tsutomu begins to lose his patience and is nearly killed by 444-1 who was programmed to eliminate anything that poses a threat to the project. He retaliates by destroying 444-1 and follows its powercord that leads to the energy source of the robots in an attempt to finally end the production. Unknown to Tsutomu, the old government has been restored and they have agreed to honor the contract once more.


title: Neo Tokyo (film)

text: is written for the screen and directed by Rintaro, with character design and animation direction by Atsuko Fukushima and art direction by Yamako Ishikawa. It serves as the anthology's "top-level" story, a framing device that leads into the other two works.


title: Neo Tokyo (film)

text: is written for the screen and directed by Yoshiaki Kawajiri, with character design and animation direction by Kawajiri, mechanical design by Takashi Watabe and Satoshi Kumagai and art direction by Katsushi Aoki. The segment also appeared on Episode 205 of "Liquid Television" with a different voice actor, Neil Kaplan, than Steve Blum's Bandai Visual.


title: Neo Tokyo (film)

text: is written for the screen and directed by Katsuhiro Otomo, with character designs by Otomo and animation direction by Takashi Nakamura This segment's depiction of South America as a dangerous, unstable place is comparable to other depictions in the Japanese media during the 1990s such as Osamu Tezuka's 1987 comic "Gringo".


title: Neo Tokyo (film)

text: In a 2021 list of the "100 best anime movies of all-time", "Paste" magazine ranked "Neo Tokyo" at #10, writing "though for the most part absent of any real thematic connectivity, "Neo-Tokyo" is a concise and powerful example of the dizzying heights of technical mastery and aesthetic ambition anime can achieve when put in the hands of the medium's most inimitable creators."


title: President of the Continental Congress

text: The president of the United States in Congress Assembled, known unofficially as the president of the Continental Congress and later as the president of the Congress of the Confederation, was the presiding officer of the Continental Congress, the convention of delegates that emerged as the first (transitional) national government of the United States during the American Revolution. The president was a member of Congress elected by the other delegates to serve as a neutral discussion moderator during meetings of Congress. Designed to be a largely ceremonial position without much influence, the office was unrelated to the later office of President of the United States. Upon the ratification of the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union (the new nation's first constitution) in March 1781, the Continental Congress became the Congress of the Confederation. The membership of the Second Continental Congress carried over without interruption to the First Congress of the Confederation, as did the office of president.


title: President of the Continental Congress

text: Fourteen men served as president of Congress between September 1774 and November 1788. They came from 9 of the original 13 states: Virginia (3), Massachusetts (2), Pennsylvania (2), South Carolina (2), Connecticut (1), Delaware (1), Maryland (1), New Jersey (1), and New York (1). The median age at the time of election was 47.


title: President of the Continental Congress

text: The president of Congress was, by design, a position with little authority. The Continental Congress, fearful of concentrating political power in an individual, gave their presiding officer even less responsibility than the speakers in the lower houses of the colonial assemblies. Unlike some colonial speakers, the president of Congress could not, for example, set the legislative agenda or make committee appointments. The president could not meet privately with foreign leaders; such meetings were held with committees or the entire Congress.


title: President of the Continental Congress

text: The presidency was a largely ceremonial position. There was no salary. The primary role of the office was to preside over meetings of Congress, which entailed serving as an impartial moderator during debates. When Congress would resolve itself into a Committee of the Whole to discuss important matters, the president would relinquish his chair to the chairman of the Committee of the Whole. Even so, the fact that President Thomas McKean was at the same time serving as Chief Justice of Pennsylvania, provoked some criticism that he had become too powerful. According to historian Jennings Sanders, McKean's critics were ignorant of the powerlessness of the office of president of Congress.


title: President of the Continental Congress

text: The president was also responsible for dealing with a large amount of official correspondence, but he could not answer any letter without being instructed to do so by Congress. Presidents also signed, but did not write, Congress's official documents. These limitations could be frustrating, because a delegate essentially declined in influence when he was elected president.


title: President of the Continental Congress

text: Historian Richard B. Morris argued that, despite the ceremonial role, some presidents were able to wield some influence:


title: President of the Continental Congress

text: Congress, and its presidency, declined in importance after the ratification of the Articles of Confederation and the ending of the Revolutionary War. Increasingly, delegates elected to the Congress declined to serve, the leading men in each state preferred to serve in state government, and the Congress had difficulty establishing a quorum. President John Hanson wanted to resign after only a week in office, but Congress lacked a quorum to select a successor, and so he stayed on. President Thomas Mifflin found it difficult to convince the states to send enough delegates to Congress to ratify the 1783 Treaty of Paris. For six weeks in 1784, President Lee did not come to Congress, but instead instructed secretary Charles Thomson to forward any papers that needed his signature.


title: President of the Continental Congress

text: John Hancock was elected to a second term in November 1785, even though he was not then in Congress, and Congress was aware that he was unlikely to attend. He never took his seat, citing poor health, though he may have been uninterested in the position. Two delegates, David Ramsay and Nathaniel Gorham, performed his duties with the title of "chairman". When Hancock finally resigned the office in June 1786, Gorham was elected. After he resigned in November 1786, it was months before enough members were present in Congress to elect a new president. In February 1787, General Arthur St. Clair was elected. Congress passed the Northwest Ordinance during St. Clair's presidency and elected him as the governor of the Northwest Territory.


title: President of the Continental Congress

text: As the people of the various states began debating the proposed United States Constitution in later months of 1787, the Confederation Congress found itself reduced to the status of a caretaker government. There were not enough delegates present to choose St. Clair's successor until January 22, 1788, when the final president of Congress, Cyrus Griffin, was elected. Griffin resigned his office on November 15, 1788, after only two delegates showed up for the new session of Congress.


title: President of the Continental Congress

text: Prior to ratification of the Articles, presidents of Congress served terms of no specific duration; their tenure ended when they resigned, or, lacking an official resignation, when Congress selected a successor. When Peyton Randolph, who was elected in September 1774 to preside over the First Continental Congress, was unable to attend the last few days of the session due to poor health, Henry Middleton was elected to replace him. When the Second Continental Congress convened the following May, Randolph was again chosen as president, but he returned to Virginia two weeks later to preside over the House of Burgesses. John Hancock was elected to fill the vacancy, but his position was somewhat ambiguous, because it was not clear if Randolph had resigned or was on a leave of absence. The situation became uncomfortable when Randolph returned to Congress in September 1775. Some delegates thought Hancock should have stepped down, but he did not; the matter was resolved only by Randolph's sudden death that October.


title: President of the Continental Congress

text: Ambiguity also clouded the end of Hancock's term. He left in October 1777 for what he believed was an extended leave of absence, only to find upon his return that Congress had elected Henry Laurens to replace him. Hancock, whose term ran from May 24, 1775 to October 29, 1777 (a period of ), was the longest serving president of Congress.


title: President of the Continental Congress

text: The length of a presidential term was ultimately codified by Article Nine of the Articles of Confederation, which authorized Congress "to appoint one of their number to preside; provided that no person be allowed to serve in the office of president more than one year in any term of three years". When the Articles went into effect in March 1781, however, the Continental Congress did not hold an election for a new president under the new constitution. Instead, Samuel Huntington continued serving a term that had already exceeded the new Term limit. The first president to serve the specified one-year term was John Hanson (November 5, 1781 to November 4, 1782).


title: President of the Continental Congress

text: Beyond a similarity of title, the office of President of Congress "bore no relationship" to the later office of President of the United States. As historian Edmund Burnett wrote:


title: President of the Continental Congress

text: Nonetheless, the presidents of the Continental Congress and the presidents of the United States in Congress Assembled are sometimes claimed to have been president before George Washington as if the offices were equivalent. The continuous nature of the Continental Congresses and Congress under the Articles also allows for multiple claims of being the "first president of the United States." This would include Peyton Randolph as president of the First Continental Congress, John Hancock as president when the Declaration of Independence was signed, Samuel Huntington as president when the Articles were ratified and took effect, Thomas McKean as the first president elected under the Articles, and John Hanson as the first president under the Articles to serve the prescribed one-year term. Hanson's grandson's campaign to name Hanson the "first president of the United States" was successful in having Hanson's statue placed in Statuary Hall in the US Capitol, even though, according to historian Gregory Stiverson, Hanson was not one of Maryland's foremost leaders of the Revolutionary era. Presumably due to this campaign, Hanson is often still dubiously listed as the first president of Congress under the Articles.


title: President of the Continental Congress

text: Shortly after the creation of the first die for the Great Seal of the United States, the Congress of the Confederation ordered a smaller seal for the use of the President of the Congress. It was a small oval, with the crest from the Great Seal (the radiant constellation of thirteen stars surrounded by clouds) in the center, with the motto "E Pluribus Unum" above it. Benson Lossing claimed it was used by all the Presidents of the Congress after 1782, probably to seal envelopes on correspondence sent to the Congress, though only examples from Thomas Mifflin are documented.


title: President of the Continental Congress

text: This seal's use apparently did not pass over to the new government in 1789. Today's Seal of the President of the United States, which developed by custom over a long period before being defined in law, is a more full-featured version of the Great Seal.


title: Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy

text: The Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy is a domestic T-20 cricket championship in India, organized by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), among the teams from the Ranji Trophy. It is named after Indian former test cricketer Syed Mushtaq Ali. The 2006-2007 inaugural season of this trophy was won by Tamil Nadu under the captaincy of Dinesh Karthik, and Rohit Sharma scored the first ever T20 century by an Indian in the T20 format, in it.


title: Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy

text: Mumbai is the current champion and Tamil Nadu is the most successful team of the tournament, winning it thrice.


title: Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy

text: The BCCI launched this premier domestic T-20 tournament with a structure in 2006-07 season, in which 27 Ranji teams divided in five Zones with the name of Inter-State T20 Championship which was renamed and relaunched as the Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy. Rohit Sharma scored the first T20 century by an Indian Which is in the first edition of SMAT trophy while chasing a target of 140+ vs Gujarat he scored for Mumbai in the very 2nd match while he scored 40+ notout in first match. The winners and runners-up of each Zone qualify for the knockout stage.


title: Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy

text: In the 2012-13 season, the knockout stage was replaced with a Super League where Zonal winners and runners-up are divided into two groups and the winner of each group played the final. In 2015-16 season, the teams didn't compete on Zonal basis, and were drawn into four groups, unlike the previous seasons. In the 2016-17 season, Combined Zonal teams played the super league instead of Zonal winners.


title: Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy

text: In June 2016, the BCCI announced that the championship would be scrapped and replaced with a zonal-based competition. The very next season, the BCCI reverted to include all the domestic teams.


title: Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy

text: After 9 new teams were included into the domestic structure in the 2018-19 season, the zonal system was abolished and teams are drawn into five groups with group winners and runners up qualifying for the Super League. The 10 teams are divided into two groups and the Super League group winners play the Final.


title: Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy

text: The 2021 season of the Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy is began on 20 October 2021, with the final to be played on 12 November 2021.


title: Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy

text: The 38 teams have been divided into five Elite groups, namely A, B, C, D, E, comprising six teams each, and one Plate group with eight teams. Each team will play a total of five league matches, regardless of the number of teams in the group, with all 38 teams playing the same number of matches. A total of 6 teams from the top ranked teams in each group (5 elites and 1 plate) will make it to the knockout stage, and the 2nd ranked teams from the 5 elite groups will join to make a total of 8 teams.


title: Medium-range ballistic missile

text: A medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) is a type of ballistic missile with medium range, this last classification depending on the standards of certain organizations. Within the U.S. Department of Defense, a medium-range missile is defined by having a maximum range of between . In modern terminology, MRBMs are part of the wider grouping of theatre ballistic missiles, which includes any ballistic missile with a range of less than .


title: De Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou

text: The de Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou (designated by the United States military as the CV-2 and later C-7 Caribou) is a Canadian specialized cargo aircraft with short takeoff and landing (STOL) capability. The Caribou was first flown in 1958 and although mainly retired from military operations, is still in use in small numbers as a rugged "bush" aircraft.


title: De Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou

text: The design was further developed as the de Havilland Canada DHC-5 Buffalo, adding turboprop engines and other changes that further improved its short-field performance to the point where it competes with light aircraft even with a full load.


title: De Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou

text: The de Havilland Canada company's third STOL design was a big increase in size compared to its earlier DHC Beaver and DHC Otter, and was the first DHC design powered by two engines. The Caribou was similar in concept in that it was designed as a rugged STOL utility aircraft. The Caribou was primarily a military tactical transport that in commercial service found itself a small niche in cargo hauling. The United States Army ordered 173 in 1959 and took delivery in 1961 under the designation AC-1, which was changed to CV-2 Caribou in 1962.


title: De Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou

text: The majority of Caribou production was destined for military operators, but the type's ruggedness and excellent STOL capabilities requiring runway lengths of only 1200 feet (365 metres) also appealed to some commercial users. U.S. certification was awarded on 23 December 1960. Ansett-MAL, which operated a single example in the New Guinea highlands, and AMOCO Ecuador were early customers, as was Air America (a CIA front in South East Asia during the Vietnam War era for covert operations). Other civil Caribou aircraft entered commercial service after being retired from their military users.


title: De Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou

text: PEN Turbo Aviation of Cape May, NJ, has undertaken the re-engineering of the DHC-4A Caribou to a turbine powered variant, designated DHC-4A Turbo Caribou. The conversion utilizes the PT6A-67T engines and Hartzell 5 Bladed HC-B5MA-3M Constant Speed/Reversing propellers. Overall performance has improved and "new" basic weight is reduced while maximum normal take-off weight remained at 28,500 lbs. Maximum payload is 10,000 lbs. Both Transport Canada (11/14/00) and Federal Aviation Administration (2/27/01) have issued Supplemental Type Certificates for the Turbo Caribou. As of Sept 17, 2014, only 3 air frames have gone through the conversion process. PEN Turbo has stockpiled dozens of air frames at their facility in NJ for possible future conversion. . PEN Turbo Aviation named their company after Perry E. Niforos, who died in the 1992 crash of an "earlier" turboprop Caribou converted by a different firm, NewCal Aviation.


title: De Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou

text: In response to a U.S. Army requirement for a tactical airlifter to supply the battlefront with troops and supplies and evacuate casualties on the return journey, de Havilland Canada designed the DHC-4. With assistance from Canada's Department of Defence Production, DHC built a prototype demonstrator that flew for the first time on 30 July 1958.


title: De Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou

text: Impressed with the DHC4's STOL capabilities and potential, the U.S. Army ordered five for evaluation as YAC-1s and went on to become the largest Caribou operator. The AC-1 designation was changed in 1962 to CV-2, and then C-7 when the U.S. Army's CV-2s were transferred to the U.S. Air Force in 1967. U.S. and Australian Caribou saw extensive service during the Vietnam War.


title: De Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou

text: The U.S. Army purchased 159 of the aircraft and they served their purpose well as a tactical transport during the Vietnam War, where larger cargo aircraft such as the Fairchild C-123 Provider and the Lockheed C-130 Hercules could not land on the shorter landing strips. The aircraft could carry 32 troops or two Jeeps or similar light vehicles. The rear loading ramp could also be used for parachute dropping (also, see Air America).


title: De Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou

text: Under the Johnson-McConnell agreement of 1966, the Army relinquished the fixed wing Caribou to the United States Air Force in exchange for an end to restrictions on Army rotary wing operations. On 1 January 1967, the 17th, 57th, 61st, 92nd, 134th, and 135th Aviation Companies of the U.S. Army were inactivated and their aircraft transferred respectively to the newly activated 537th, 535th, 536th, 459th, 457th, and 458th Troop Carrier Squadrons of the USAF (This was Operation "Red Leaf"). On 1 August 1967 the "troop carrier" designations were changed to "tactical airlift".


title: De Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou

text: Some U.S. Caribou were captured by North Vietnamese forces and remained in service with that country through to the late 1970s. Following the war in Vietnam, all USAF Caribou were transferred to Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard airlift units pending their replacement by the C-130 Hercules in the 1980s.


title: De Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou

text: All C-7s have now been phased out of U.S. military service, with the last example serving again under U.S. Army control through 1985 in support of the U.S. Army's Golden Knights parachute demonstration team. Other notable military operators included Australia, Canada, India, Malaysia and Spain.


title: De Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou

text: In September 1975, a group of 44 civilians, including armed supporters of the Timorese Democratic Union (UDT), commandeered a Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) Caribou, "A4-140", on the ground at Baucau Airport in the then Portuguese Timor, which was in the middle of a civil war. The Caribou had landed at Baucau on a humanitarian mission for the International Committee of the Red Cross. The civilians demanded that the RAAF crew members fly them to Darwin Airport (also RAAF Base Darwin) in Australia, which they did. After the Caribou arrived there, the Australian government detained the civilians for a short period, and then granted refugee visas to all of them. "The Guardian" later described "A4-140" as "the only RAAF plane ever hijacked", and the incident as "one of the more remarkable stories in Australia’s military and immigration history".


title: De Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou

text: The RAAF retired "A4-140", by then its last Caribou, on 27 November 2009. The aircraft, which was manufactured in 1964, was donated to the Australian War Memorial, Canberra.


title: De Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou

text: After retirement from military use, several examples of the Caribou have been purchased by civilian operators for deployment in areas with small airfields located in rugged country with few or poor surface transport links.


title: Hawkei

text: The Hawkei is a light four-wheel-drive protected mobility vehicle originally designed to meet an Australian Defence Force (ADF) requirement for a light armoured patrol vehicle to replace some of its Land Rover Perentie variants. The Hawkei is a highly mobile, highly protected, 7-tonne vehicle, with inbuilt systems to allow it to be used as a fighting platform. It has been developed with Vehicle Electronic Architecture to be mission system ready. It is intended to undertake a range of mission profiles, including troop movement, command and control, electronic warfare, liaison, surveillance and reconnaissance. Prime contractors include: Thales Australia, Boeing Australia, Plasan (Israel) and PAC Group. In October 2015, the Australian Government announced the purchase of 1,100 Hawkei vehicles and more than 1,000 companion trailers from Thales Australia.


title: Hawkei

text: As part of a wider project to replace the ADF's fleet of operational support vehicles, Project Land 121 Phase 4 – Protected Mobility Vehicle (Light) or PMV-L, is a requirement for up to 1,300 specialised light armoured vehicles to replace some of the in-service Land Rovers. Key criteria for the project included: off-road mobility, integrated vehicle electronic architecture, substantial payloads, high levels of protection against land mines, improvised explosive devices and ballistic weapons, while being light enough to be airlifted by military helicopters. The three options considered as part of the project were:


title: Hawkei

text: Competitors for the MSA option included the combat-proven MOWAG Eagle IV from General Dynamics Land Systems; the British military then selected Ocelot from Force Protection; and the Hawkei offering from Thales Australia. The JTLV option included entries from BAE Systems/Navistar, AM General/General Dynamics and Lockheed Martin.


title: Hawkei

text: In December 2011 the Australian Department of Defence announced Hawkei as the preferred vehicle for further development and testing under the MSA option.


title: Hawkei

text: In October 2015, Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull and Minister for Defence Marise Payne announced the purchase of 1,100 Hawkei vehicles and trailers at a cost of $1.3 billion with the Hawkei to be manufactured at Thales's facility in Bendigo. The purchase includes 1058 trailers designed by Schutt Industries and manufactured by Thales at their facility in Eagle Farm. Two variants of the Hawkei will be purchased: a 4-door variant and a 2-door utility variant. The 4-door variant will be able to be configured using a mission-kit for three roles: Command, Liaison and Reconnaissance. 635 4-door variants and 465 2-door variants will be purchased.


title: Hawkei

text: In September 2018, the Australian National Audit Office released a report which criticised aspects of the Hawkei project. The report judged that Australia should have remained in the JLTV program to provide competition for the Hawkei procurement and that the Department of Defence had not kept ministers fully informed about the Hawkei program. This included not providing ministers with a study which found that there were few benefits from building the vehicles in Australia. The ANAO was unable to publish some elements of the audit after Attorney General Christian Porter ruled that publishing it would compromise national security. Thales had taken legal action earlier in the year seeking to have material removed from the report. Some of the suppressed elements of the report were released in 2021 following a freedom of information request, and included material stating that the Department of Defence had been unable to demonstrate that the Hawkei represented value for money compared to the JLTV.


title: Hawkei

text: In December 2018, the Hawkei faced reliability issues following a demonstration test conducted on 19 November 2018, delaying full-rate production.


title: Hawkei

text: In September 2020, Defence Minister Linda Reynolds and Defence Industry Minister Melissa Price announced that the Hawkei would enter full-rate production at Thales's facility in Bendigo at approximately 50 vehicles per month.


title: Hawkei

text: In March 2022, it was reported that delivery of the vehicle had been delayed due to issues with their brakes, only 3 months after full production had been started.


title: Hawkei

text: Dual cab manned by a crew of four to six, weapons system options including up to 12.7mm guns or 40mm grenade systems in various mounts with a remote operated option.


title: Hawkei

text: Single-extended cab with a flat-bed cargo area measuring; L: x W: . The vehicle is manned by a crew of 2-3 and has a kerb weight of with a rated cargo load of . The load bed is designed to accommodate four 1000mm × 1200mm (40" x 48") NATO standard military pallets or a single tricon (one-third ISO 20 ft) container.


title: Hawkei

text: Dual cab manned by a crew of four to six, various equipment options including force protection radar, surveillance and communications systems.


title: Hawkei

text: The Hawkei is named after "Acanthophis hawkei", a species of death adder. In turn, the snake is named after former Prime Minister of Australia Bob Hawke.


title: Truman State University

text: Truman State University (TSU or Truman) is a public university in Kirksville, Missouri. It had 4,225 enrolled students in the fall of 2021 pursuing degrees in 52 undergraduate and 11 graduate programs.


title: Truman State University

text: The university is named for U.S. President Harry Truman, who was a Missouri native. From 1972 until 1996, the school was known as Northeast Missouri State University.


title: Truman State University

text: Truman State University was founded in 1867 by Joseph Baldwin as the North Missouri Normal School and Commercial College. Baldwin was a pioneer in education, and his school quickly gained official recognition in 1870 by the Missouri General Assembly, which designated it as the First District Normal School, the first public teachers' college in Missouri.


title: Truman State University

text: The school served a district comprising 26 counties: including Adair, Audrain, Boone, Callaway, Chariton, Clark, Howard, Knox, Lewis, Lincoln, Linn, Marion, Macon, Monroe, Montgomery, Pike, Putnam, Ralls, Randolph, St. Charles, Schuyler, Scotland, Shelby, Sullivan, and Warren.


title: Truman State University

text: Purple and white were adopted as the school's official colors after Basil Brewer wrote a school song entitled "The Purple and the White." They have remained as the school colors since.


title: Truman State University

text: In 1919, the school was renamed Northeast Missouri State Teachers College. For the next four decades, it was commonly called Kirksville State.


title: Truman State University

text: In 1924, a fire destroyed old Baldwin Hall and the library. The lake that once filled the current quadrangle, or "The Quad" (a prominent feature in pre-1924 photographs), was pumped dry in a futile attempt to douse the fire. The Quad now serves as a popular gathering place where students study, play games, hold events, such as small concerts and fairs, and meet with one another.


title: Truman State University

text: The school's mission broadened significantly over the years, and by the 1960s, it was no longer simply a teacher-training school. Reflecting this, it was renamed Northeast Missouri State College in 1968.


title: Truman State University

text: Only four years later, in 1972, it was renamed Northeast Missouri State University (NMSU). On June 20, 1985, Governor John Ashcroft signed legislation designating the university as Missouri's only statewide public liberal arts and sciences university. This changed the school's focus from regional to statewide. As such, nearly 100 programs were dropped in the span of six years, including all two-year programs that did not fulfill the liberal arts mission.


title: Truman State University

text: By the 1990s, the university boasted a nationally known accounting division and schools of science, mathematics, computer science, and literature. Coinciding with the 10th anniversary of the university's mission change, Governor Mel Carnahan signed legislation changing its name to Truman State University. The new name became official on July 1, 1996, and the university remains designated by statute as Missouri's premier public liberal arts and sciences institution.


title: Truman State University

text: In the 2016 U.S. News & World Report College Rankings, Truman placed eighth in the Midwest among regional universities.


title: Truman State University

text: Truman's Board of Governors consists of ten members. Each member is appointed by the Governor of Missouri to serve a four-year term, with a student representative serving for two years. The ten members must meet residential requirements defined by Missouri law. The Board of Governors also includes four committees: the Finance and Audit Committee, the Budget and Capital Projects Committee, the Honorary Degrees Committee, and the Truman State University Foundation Board of Directors.


title: Truman State University

text: The campus is located on the south side of Kirksville. Truman's main campus is situated around a slightly wooded quadrangle, also known as the "Quad." It is two blocks south of the town square, which includes an eight-screen movie theatre and various eateries and shops.


title: Truman State University

text: Notable buildings on campus include Pickler Memorial Library, the Kirk Memorial, the Kirk Building, Magruder Hall, McClain Hall, Baldwin Hall, Violette Hall, Barnett Hall, Ophelia Parrish, Pershing Arena, the Student Union Building and the Recreation Center ("The Rec"). The oldest building is not Kirk Building, but is instead the purple-doored Physical Plant building located between the Health Services building and Magruder Hall.


title: Truman State University

text: Pickler Memorial Library was named after Samuel M. Pickler, who donated funds to rebuild the library after it was destroyed by fire in 1924. Renovated in 1993, it now houses the main computer lab, as well as approximately 500,000 volumes of various works. The front lobby area of Pickler Memorial Library is known as "the Bubble" for its curved glass atrium.


title: Truman State University

text: Kirk Memorial is a small, domed structure near the center of campus. The structure is dedicated to John Kirk, the fifth president of the university. It formerly housed Truman's debate team and now houses a few administrative offices. The Kirk Building was once the university's combined gymnasium and auditorium facility. It previously housed the Center for International Education, Student Affairs, Publications and the Department of Sports Information, but has been closed since Fall 2020 and is currently used for storage space. Beginning in Summer 2022, the building will undergo a $21 million repair and become a new student and community success center, with a projected completion date of Winter 2024.


title: Truman State University

text: The Rec is located north of Centennial Hall and is open every day except on holidays. It also offers a gymnasium for a variety of sports, a weight room, an elevated track, various exercise equipment, and a small multipurpose gym for hockey, indoor soccer, and other indoor sports.


title: Truman State University

text: There are seven main academic buildings. Magruder Hall is the science building and houses the departments of Chemistry, Physics, Biology, and Agriculture. McClain Hall serves as both an administrative and academic building. For the academic portion, Classical & Modern Languages, Economics, English & Linguistics, History, Philosophy & Religion, and Political Science can be found there. Baldwin Hall is connected to McClain Hall and houses the campus auditorium that is best known for hosting cultural events through the Kohlenberg-Lyceum Series. Violette Hall, named after former history professor E.M. Violette, is home to the School of Business, the Mathematics and Computer Science Department, and the Education Department. Ophelia Parrish (OP) is home to the Art, Music, and Theatre Departments; it is named after Ms. Ophelia Parrish (1850-1915), the college's first librarian. Barnett Hall is home to the departments of Anthropology, Geography, and Sociology; Communication; Justice Systems; Psychology; ROTC; and Nursing programs. Finally, the Pershing Building, also home to the basketball team's Pershing Arena, houses the Departments of Health and Exercise Science and Communication Disorders.


title: Truman State University

text: Services available on campus to students include the student health center, career center, and writing center. The health center is closed on the weekends and holidays. The career center is located on the first floor of the Student Union Building and provides help to students in determining a career path, selecting a major, developing career skills, helping put together a resume, or even conducting mock interviews. The writing center is located on the first floor of the Library and offers critique and editing for student papers.


title: Truman State University

text: Admission to the university is based upon a holistic review of a candidate's academic record, with the strongest consideration being given to those who have a combined ability score of 140 or higher. The combined ability score is calculated by adding the percentage of students in the applicant's graduating class that the applicant outranks and the percentage of students the applicant outscored on a nationally standardized test (usually the ACT, although the SAT is also accepted). Admissions decisions are also based, however, on a mandatory application essay, the applicant's resume, and the applicant's high school and extracurricular record. According to the Princeton Review, Truman has a selectivity rating of 88, a 68% acceptance rate, with applicants having a 3.79 average high school GPA, and an 88% retention rate after freshman year. All applicants must have 4 credits of English, 3 credits of math, 3 credits of science, 2 credits of foreign language, 2 credits of social studies, and 1 credit of fine art. The average GPA of an admitted student is 3.25 on a 4.0 scale, with 50% of all admitted students ranking in the top 10% of their class, and the median ACT range is 25–31.


title: Truman State University

text: On July 20, 1985, the state of Missouri charged Truman State University with serving as the state's public liberal arts and sciences university. In order to meet this commitment to the people of Missouri, the Truman faculty and administration created the Liberal Studies Program, the general education curriculum undergraduates complete in order to receive a Truman degree. The Liberal Studies Program consists of three distinct areas:


title: Truman State University

text: The School of Arts and Letters is the home of the departments of Art, Classical & Modern Languages, English & Linguistics, Music, and Theatre. Degrees offered through the school include Art, Art History, Classics, English, French, German, Linguistics, Music, Romance Languages, Russian, Spanish, Theatre, and Visual Communications. In addition to the 17 distinct undergraduate majors offered, the school also offers 6 graduate programs, including Music and English.


title: Truman State University

text: The School of Business offers degrees in Business Administration (BA or BS) with an emphasis in Finance, Management, Marketing, and International Business (BA only). In addition, a BS and MAcc in Accounting are offered, with the graduate program ranked third in the nation in terms of CPA passage rates. The School of Business is also AACSB accredited.


title: Truman State University

text: The School of Health Sciences & Education offers degrees in communication disorders (graduate and undergraduate), nursing, health science, exercise science, and education (MAE only). Education students can specialize in elementary education, special education, English, exercise science, foreign language, music, mathematics, science, and visual arts.


title: Truman State University

text: The School of Science and Mathematics offers degrees in agricultural science, biology, chemistry, mathematics, computer science, and physics. The school also offers Missouri's only undergraduate interdisciplinary degree program in mathematical biology which has connections and resources available through the Intercollegiate Biomathematics Alliance. The school also coordinates the Missouri Pre-STEM Pathways Program with Moberly Area Community College, Metropolitan Community College - Kansas City, and St. Charles Community College.


title: Truman State University

text: The School of Social & Cultural Studies offers degrees in communication, Economics, History, Justice Systems, Military Science (minor only), Philosophy & Religion, Political Science, Psychology, Geography (minor only), and Sociology/Anthropology.


title: Truman State University

text: Students are also free to create their own interdisciplinary majors or to minor in any of the approved interdisciplinary minors, which include African/African-American Studies, Asian Studies, Classical Studies, Cognitive Sciences, Disability Studies, Environmental Studies, Folklore, Forensic Science, International Studies, Italian Studies, Mathematical Biology, Medieval Studies and Women's and Gender Studies.


title: Truman State University

text: In the 1960s, the university built Dobson Hall (1961), Ryle Hall (1963), Missouri Hall (1965), and Centennial Hall (1967). There are three other residence halls on campus: Blanton-Nason-Brewer (1948, Brewer added in 1959), Ezra C. Grim Hall (1923), and West Campus Suites (2006). The residence halls are maintained by Residence Life, an administrative body of professionals and students who live in the halls and act as student advisors (SAs) and hall directors. Truman's residence halls underwent a $90 million renovation schedule in 2000s and 2010s. This project included the construction of West Campus Suites in 2006, the renovation of Missouri Hall in 2006, Blanton-Nason-Brewer in 2007, and Dobson in 2008. Ryle Hall's two-year renovation concluded in the summer of 2011, and Centennial underwent a two-year renovation concluding in 2014.


title: Truman State University

text: Dobson Hall is coed by wing and houses roughly 400 students. Dobson Hall closed for the 2019–20 academic year but reopened one floor in the 2020-21 and 2021-22 years, with plans to reopen the second floor in 2022-23.


title: Truman State University

text: Ryle Hall is the second largest hall at Truman. This coed residence hall houses nearly 600 students in suite-style rooms.


title: Truman State University

text: Centennial Hall is the largest residence hall on campus. This coed hall houses nearly 600 students in suite-style rooms. Centennial Hall will be closed for the 2022-23 and 2023-24 academic years to undergo renovations, particularly to its windows.


title: Truman State University

text: Missouri Hall is a coed residence hall that houses 518 students, making it the third largest on campus. Missouri Hall is made up of seven different wings. On both the north and south sides of the building three wings join with a common lounge. The two common lounges are linked by a seventh "crossover" wing. From overhead, the building is shaped like an elongated asterisk.


title: Truman State University

text: Blanton-Nason-Brewer offers three floors of suite-style, coed living arrangements to students. Originally three separate buildings connected by breezeways, the building underwent a major renovation in the 2007–2008 academic year and is now one, unified residence hall.


title: Truman State University

text: West Campus Suites, just northwest of Centennial Hall, opened its doors to 416 students in Fall 2006. Currently, all floors are coed by suite.


title: Truman State University

text: Truman also offers the Campbell Apartments for student living. Campbell is located next to the tennis courts just east of Stokes Stadium. Yet another option is Farm Hall, located at the University Farm. Only four students, often majors in agricultural science, live on the farm each year. Their work on the farm helps them gain useful first-hand experience, as well as help pay for room and board.


title: Truman State University

text: All students are encouraged to explore their particular interests and find quality, co-curricular experiences to participate in. Truman offers approximately 250 different student organizations in the following areas:


title: Truman State University

text: An organization that has garnered considerable attention since its inception is the Bulldog Student Investment Fund, a group in which student analysts invest a portion of the university's endowment in public equities (stocks) in an effort to outperform the market. The organization hopes to eventually use the proceeds from the fund's returns to sponsor scholarships for Truman students. In 2015, members from the Bulldog Student Investment fund, representing Truman State, achieved the first place prize among the five competing universities in the St. Louis CFA Institute Challenge and went on to compete at nationals.


title: Truman State University

text: Approximately 20% of the student body is affiliated with a social Greek organization. Truman hosts nine sororities and fifteen fraternities.


title: Truman State University

text: The sororities are governed by the Panhellenic Council, which is made up of six internationally recognized social sororities on campus:


title: Truman State University

text: There are also four of the "Divine Nine" National Pan-Hellenic Council historically black fraternities and sororities:


title: Truman State University

text: The organizations do service around the community, provide leadership on campus, and provide a social outlet for students.


title: Truman State University

text: At Truman, students may choose to affiliate with a professional fraternity associated with their academic interests or intended major. Professional fraternities often admit both women and men, but there are some exceptions (noted below).


title: Truman State University

text: Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps (Army ROTC) was established at Truman in 1969. Approximately, 200 Truman students are members of the "Bulldog Battalion" and enroll in military science courses each semester. Students completing the ROTC program are additionally awarded a minor in Military Science.


title: Truman State University

text: Truman is a member of NCAA Division II and plays in the Great Lakes Valley Conference (GLVC), joining the conference in 2013 after having been a member of the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association (MIAA) since that league's creation in 1912. Because the GLVC did not sponsor wrestling until the 2016–17 season, that team remained in the MIAA.


title: Truman State University

text: The athletic department sponsors 18 teams, ten each for men and women. Among Truman's most recent successes include: four regional championships for women's volleyball, a regional berth for men's basketball in 2006, a College World Series appearance for baseball, and undefeated regular seasons for both men's and women's soccer. The women's swim team won six consecutive NCAA Women's Swimming and Diving Championships national titles for Division II between 2001 and 2006 and won again in 2008 again beating their in state rival Drury University.


title: The White Shadow (TV series)

text: The White Shadow is an American drama television series starring Ken Howard that ran on the CBS network from November 27, 1978, to March 16, 1981, about a white former professional basketball player who takes a job coaching basketball at an impoverished urban high school with a racially mixed basketball team. Although the lead actor Howard was white, the series broke new ground as the first television ensemble drama to feature a mostly African American cast, with African American actors playing the high school principal and vice-principal, the majority of the teenage basketball players, and other supporting roles. "The White Shadow" also dealt with controversial subject matter such as sexually transmitted disease and gay sexual orientation among high school students.


title: The White Shadow (TV series)

text: Although "The White Shadow" was not a big ratings hit, it drew praise from critics and helped pave the way for later realistic dramas such as "Hill Street Blues" and "My So-Called Life". It was the first series developed by executive producer Bruce Paltrow, who went on to create and produce the medical drama "St. Elsewhere". The show also made popular TV stars of both Howard and Kevin Hooks, who portrayed high school basketball player Morris Thorpe. In the years since its cancellation, a number of journalists have praised the show and in some cases recalled being fans of the show as children or teenagers. In particular, sports columnist Bill Simmons has written about the show's strong influence on his life.


title: The White Shadow (TV series)

text: Ken Howard plays Ken Reeves, a white professional basketball player who retires from the Chicago Bulls of the NBA after a severe knee injury. Upon his retirement, Reeves takes a job as the head basketball coach at the fictional Carver High School, a mostly black and hispanic urban high school in South Central Los Angeles.


title: The White Shadow (TV series)

text: Carver's principal is Coach Reeves' former Boston College classmate Jim Willis (Jason Bernard in the pilot, and Ed Bernard — no relation to Jason, but his best friend in real life — for seasons 1 and 2). Sybil Buchanon (Joan Pringle) is the vice principal, who was against Reeves' hiring and frequently clashes with Reeves in the areas of discipline and education. In season 3, Willis is promoted to a position with the Oakland Board of Education and Buchanan becomes principal of Carver High.


title: The White Shadow (TV series)

text: The subject matter of episodes included illicit drug use, child abuse, sexually transmitted diseases, gambling, prostitution, sexual orientation, and physical and mental disabilities. However, the show often incorporated humor, such as a joke made by a character, even when dealing with serious subjects. Episodes often ended with an issue left unresolved, contrary to other TV shows where the characters' problems were resolved by the end of the episode.


title: The White Shadow (TV series)

text: Stewart reprised the role of Warren Coolidge, from 1984–88, in the Paltrow-directed series "St. Elsewhere". On episodes of "St. Elsewhere", Coolidge could often be spotted wearing a Carver High School t-shirt, and he discusses how he had to give up basketball due to injury, later moving to Boston and taking a hospital orderly job at St. Eligius. Van Patten plays a character named Dean in a "St. Elsewhere" three episode story arc in 1985 – in the final episode for Dean, this causes some confusion for Coolidge, who calls out "Heyyy!! Salami!!" when he sees Dean on a St. Eligius elevator, to which Dean replies "You got the wrong guy, pal.", leaving Coolidge trying to plead his case with a confused "No - it's Warren." as the elevator doors close.


title: The White Shadow (TV series)

text: The concept for the show originated from Ken Howard's own experiences as a high school basketball star at Manhasset High School on Long Island. Howard was one of the few white basketball players at the school and the only white player in the starting lineup, and had been nicknamed "The White Shadow". According to Howard, there were few racial tensions at his own high school, which was also not located in a "ghetto", but the team encountered such tensions when they played elsewhere. Howard has said that the humor in "The White Shadow" was based on that of his former teammates, who were "really funny". After graduating high school, Howard went on to be captain of the basketball team at Amherst College.


title: The White Shadow (TV series)

text: When Howard and Bruce Paltrow pitched the idea for a show about a white coach and a racially mixed basketball team, CBS initially wanted it to be a half-hour sitcom and avoid dealing with controversial material involving sex, drugs and crime. Howard later said that he and Paltrow were "not going to turn this into "Welcome Back, Kotter"". They persuaded the network to make it a one-hour drama series and furthermore allow the show to address realistic, controversial subjects. They also strove for realism in the basketball scenes.


title: The White Shadow (TV series)

text: The memorable funk instrumental theme song for the show was composed by Mike Post and Pete Carpenter. Although not released on record during the show's run, it later appeared on Post's albums "Television Theme Songs" (1982) and "NYPD Blue: The Best of Mike Post" (1999).


title: The White Shadow (TV series)

text: The program has intermittently been seen in syndication and on cable since ending its network run (including airing on ESPN Classic), and as of 2016, the show airs (intermittently) on the Heroes & Icons classic TV network. Decades also aired the show as part of the Decades Binge August 27–28, 2016, June 9–10, 2018. and March 20-21, 2021. Aired on TV Land in the late 1990s.


title: The White Shadow (TV series)

text: When aired in the 1980s in Turkey the series gained a lot of interest and the then little-known sport of basketball attracted millions of youths.


title: The White Shadow (TV series)

text: "Saturday Night Live" did a parody skit of the show titled "The Black Shadow" when NBA star Bill Russell hosted the show on November 3, 1979.


title: The White Shadow (TV series)

text: In January 1984, the Beastie Boys played an unreleased song "Where's The White Shadow" on "The Scott and Gary Show" on the New York City public-access channel.


title: The White Shadow (TV series)

text: The animated show by Aaron McGruder, "The Boondocks", had a character whom Huey called the White Shadow. He claimed to be a government agent sent to spy on Huey, but was only ever seen by Huey, causing Huey to believe he may just be a figment of his imagination. He only had two appearances, the first being in "The Real" and in the last episode of season 3 "It's Going Down".


title: Boulevardier (cocktail)

text: The boulevardier cocktail is an alcoholic drink composed of whiskey, sweet vermouth, and Campari. Its creation is ascribed to Erskine Gwynne, an American-born writer who founded a monthly magazine in Paris called "Boulevardier", which appeared from 1927 to 1932.


title: Boulevardier (cocktail)

text: The boulevardier is similar to a Negroni, sharing two of its three ingredients. It is differentiated by its use of bourbon whiskey or rye whiskey as its principal component instead of gin. Paul Clark, writing for the food blog Serious Eats, says, "This isn't a Negroni. It is, however, the Negroni's long-lost autumnal cousin." He continued:


title: Boulevardier (cocktail)

text: Recipes vary the proportions of its components. Some boulevardier recipes call for parts rather than 1 part whiskey, or call for two parts bourbon to one part vermouth and one part Campari.


title: World Table Tennis Championships

text: The World Table Tennis Championships are table tennis competitions sanctioned by the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF). The World Championships have been held since 1926, biennially since 1957. Five individual events, which include men's singles, women's singles, men's doubles, women's double and mixed doubles, are currently held in odd numbered years. The World Team Table Tennis Championships, which include men's team and women's team events, were first their own competition in 2000. The Team Championships are held in even numbered years.


title: World Table Tennis Championships

text: In the earlier days of the tournament, Hungary's men's team was a dominant force, winning the championships 12 times. This was followed by a short period of dominance by Japan in the 1950s. From the 1960s onwards, China emerged as the new dominant power in this tournament and, with the exception of 1989–2000, when Sweden won four times, China continues to dominate the sport. China's men's team holds a record 22 world team championship titles.


title: World Table Tennis Championships

text: In the 1950s, Japan's women team was a force to be reckoned with winning a total of 8 titles. The Chinese women started their strong grip on the world team championships from the 1970s onwards. They have only lost twice since 1975. China holds 22 women's team titles.


title: World Table Tennis Championships

text: There are 7 different trophies presented to the winners of the various events, held by winning associations, and returned for the next world championships.


title: World Table Tennis Championships

text: In addition, the Egypt Cup is presented to the next host of world championships. The Cup was donated by King Farouk of Egypt in 1939, when the championships were held in Cairo, Egypt.


title: World Table Tennis Championships

text: The ITTF held individual events and team events separately for the first time in 1999 and 2000 respectively, and 2001 was the last time individual and team events were held together. Starting in 2003 individual events and team events were held separately again and each continue to be held separately every other year.


title: World Table Tennis Championships

text: Updated after the 2022 World Team Table Tennis Championships. Doubles pairs from different associations were counted as five tenths.


title: World Table Tennis Championships

text: Top medalists ordered by number of gold medals at the World Table Tennis Championships (including at team events) are listed below. 11 men won at least nine gold medals and 11 women with a minimum of eight.


title: Threshing

text: Threshing, or thrashing, is the process of loosening the edible part of grain (or other crop) from the straw to which it is attached. It is the step in grain preparation after reaping. Threshing does not remove the bran from the grain.


title: Threshing

text: Through much of the history of agriculture, threshing was time-consuming and usually laborious, with a bushel of wheat taking about an hour. In the late 18th century, before threshing was mechanized, about one-quarter of agricultural labor was devoted to it.