title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: At same time, in the East End docks community, the ELFS/WSF sought to offer women practical assistance. They organised "cost-price" canteens, employment in a toy-making cooperative (whose product was in high demand in West-End shops), and (in a what had been a pub converted from the Gunmakers’ Arms to the Mothers ’ Arms) childcare offered on Montessori principles, a home visiting center, and free medical care and advice. Not wishing to be diverted by actions that might be interpreted as charity (and for which wealthy patrons had to be solicited), Pankhurst had misgivings. She feared that "organised relief, even the kindliest and most understanding, might introduce some savour of patronage or condescension, and mar our affectionate comradeship, in which we were all equals""." Mitigation was sought in a policy of paying women not less than the minimum wage paid to men in the area and by creating the separate League of Rights for Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Wives and Relatives, in which women who wished to challenge government benefit decisions were encouraged to act collectively. Pankhurst later wrote: It was my great joy that we were stimulating working women to speak up for themselves and their sort, and to master, despite their busy lives, the intricacies of Royal warrants and Army regulations, so as to secure the promised allowances, such as they were, for themselves and their neighbours.In 1915, Pankhurst supported to the International Women's Peace Congress, held at The Hague. Her sister Christabel, meanwhile, seconded British diplomatic efforts, travelling to Russia after the February 1917 Revolution to rally support for the country's continued participation in the war.


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: The 28 July 1917 edition of her paper appeared under a new title "Worker's Dreadnought"—WSF members "realised that solidarity between men and women was essential if they were going to win their fight"— and with a new strapline, "Socialism. Internationalism, Votes for All". It printed, three days in advance of "The Times", Siegfried Sassoon’s "wilful defiance of military authority": his statement that having become "a War of aggression and conquest", the conflict was being "deliberately prolonged by those who have the power to end it". It led to police raid on the paper's offices. The issue of 6 October 1917 advocating a peace referendum among the troops, was destroyed and the type broken up.


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: In May 1918, the WSF, in line with the paper, was renamed the Workers' Socialist Federation. Reflecting her growing belief, in the wake of the October Revolution in Russia, that only Soviets could form the "guiding and co-ordinating machinery" for a socialist transformation, Pankhurst refused an invitation to stand for the Sheffield Hallam constituency in the December 1918 “Coupon election”. The WSF did go on to support other socialist candidates, but claimed to do so merely to "make propaganda … for "the Soviet system [in which] those who make the laws are delegates chosen from amongst the workers themselves".


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: By March 1919, Pankhurst was insisting that the choice was clear: socialists had to build "an industrial republic on Soviet lines," and abandon the Parliamentary system. Lenin, who in his 1920 thesis "" profiled the WSF, advised Pankhurst that, tactically, the blanket rejection of parliamentarianism is a “mistake“.


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: In June 1920, the WSF co-hosted the inaugural meeting conference of the Communist Party (BSTI). In preparation for the meeting, Pankhurst published a manifesto in the "Workers' Dreadnought." Rather than the developing Leninist model of the party-state and centrally planned economy, it embraced ideas closer to the councilism of the Dutch revolutionary Marxist Antonie Pannekoek and to the anarcho-syndicalism of her partner Silvio Corio. Her contribution was to highlight the potential for extending their models of collective decision-making from the workplace into the domestic sphere. What she called Household Soviets would ensure that "mothers and those who are organisers of the family life of the community" are "adequately represented, and may take their due part in the management of society"


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: In the event it was the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB), formed by the British Socialist Party in August 1920 (with Montefiore on its provisional council), that gained Moscow's approval. In July, Pankhurst had smuggled herself into Soviet Russia to attend the Second Congress of the Comintern. There Lenin personally persuaded her that her objections were less important than unity, and that it would be possible for her to maintain a platform within the CPGB.


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: On her return, Pankhurst was sufficiently enthused to offer a paean to the new Soviet society:From Russia... I brought away with me a prevailing memory of beautiful, well-grown children and healthy people. It appears that a happy contentment and buoyant, confident enthusiasm is radiating from the active makers of the revolution and builders of the proletarian state, to wider and wider sections of people...In September, with Willie Gallacher Pankhurst called a conference, inviting representatives of the Shop Stewards Movement, the CPGB, the Scottish Worker's Committee and the Glasgow Communist Group. All the groups at the conference bar Guy Aldred's Glasgow Communist Group agreed to merge with the Communist Party of Great Britain in January 1921.


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: In the interim, in October 1920, she had been arrested in the offices of the "Dreadnought" and sentenced to six months for calling on dockers not to load arms for shipment to the anti-Bolshevik forces in Russia. Pankhurst said she considered a hunger strike but was afraid the weapon was no longer available as the goverrnment had just allowed Terence MacSwiney, Sinn Féin mayor of Cork, to die in Brixton Prison.


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: While in Holloway, Pankhurst wrote poems published in 1922 as "Writ on Cold Slate". “Above all" they are the stories of her cellmates – "the young and the old, the homeless and the hungry, mothers, pregnant women and babies born in captivity – ‘dregs from the ancient system’s wheel of waste’".


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: In September 1921, arguing that there had to be “free expression and circulation of opinion within the Party" and “an independent Communist voice, free to express its mind unhampered by Party discipline", Pankhurst refused to hand over control of the "Workers Dreadnought" to the CPGB, and was expelled.


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: In an "Open Letter to Lenin" in November, Pankhurst warned that the Bolsheviks had begun to "desert communism" and, by default, were opening Europe to path taken in Italy by the Fascisti. She had serialised Rosa Luxemburg's 1918 critique of Bolshevik policy, and had herself repeated Luxemburg's charge that in sanctioning the division of the land into small peasant holdings, the Bolsheviks had betrayed the revolution. She had also opened the "Dreadnought" to Alexandra Kollontai’s "The Workers’ Opposition", a critique of the developing Soviet bureaucracy, and to appeals from anarchists in Bolshevik prisons.


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: By July 1923 Pankhurst concluded that "the term 'dictatorship of the proletariat' has been used to justify the dictatorship of a party clique of officials over their own party members and over the people at large". Socialism, as interpreted by the Bolsheviks, had been stripped of its emancipatory promise. In one of her last contributions to "Dreadnought" on the subject of Soviet regime she wrote:The Bolsheviks pose now as the prophets of centralised efficiency, trustification, State control and the discipline of the proletariat in the name of increased production... Russian workers remain wage slaves, and very poor ones, working, not from free will, but under compulsion of economic need, and kept in their subordinate position by ... State coercion.Stirred by the example in Germany of the General Workers' Union (AAUD), and, on the principle that Communism can be achieved only by workers themselves "acting where they stand in the process of production", endorsed by Antonie Pannekoek, the "Dreadnought" group called for an "All-Workers Revolutionary Union" (AWRU). This was to organise on industrial unionist lines, with recallable delegates elected, in rising succession, from workshops, factories, districts, and regions to national councils. With this One Big Union programme, in February 1922 they formed themselves as the Communist Workers' Party (CWP).


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: When in July 1923 the CWP announced its campaign to build the AWRU, it was with the admission that they had no funds and very few people. It had managed to established just three branches outside London, in Sheffield, Plymouth and Portsmouth. Despite optimism concerning a rise in revolutionary sentiment, by the end of 1923 the CWP had dissolved.


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: On 14 June 1924, "Workers' Dreadnought" itself ceased publication. This was not before raising the alarm at the triumph fascism in Italy, condemning the then-Communist condoned white labourism in South Africa's Rand Rebellion, and employing its first black correspondent, the Jamaican writer Claude McKay. With McKay, Pankhurst shared outrage at the "Daily Herald's" campaign against the French employment of black colonial troops in Germany.


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: With her partner, the Italian libertarian socialist, Silvio Erasmus Corio, Pankhurst retired to a cottage in then rural Woodford Green, Essex (now in the London Borough of Redbridge)"."


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: While Corio ran a tearoom, Pankhurst researched and wrote an eclectic series of books: an anti-colonial historical-cultural treatise. "India and the Earthly Paradise" (1926); a promotion of the international auxiliary language Interligua, "Delphos, or the future of International Language" (1928); "Save the Mothers: A plea for measures to prevent the annual loss of about 3000 child-bearing mothers and 20,000 infant lives in England and Wales and a similar grievous wastage in other countries" (1930); her largely autobiographical accounts,"The Suffragette Movement" (1931) and "The Home Front" (1932); and a biography of her mother, "The Life of Emmeline Pankhurst" (1935), who, since the birth of Pankhurst's son Richard in 1927, had broken off all contact.


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: While the "Dreadnought" did not have consistent line on the 1916 Easter Rising in Dublin, an editorial written by Pankhurst began: "Justice can make but one reply to the Irish rebellion and that is the demand that Ireland should be allowed to govern itself". She put the Rising in the context of the resistance of Unionists to Irish Home Rule, and noted that it was they "who first armed". She lauded the rebels' "high ideals", not least their promise of equal opportunities and equal rights for all the citizens of the Republic.


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: Coinciding with highpoint of her revolutionary zeal, the Irish War of Independence occasioned the suggestion in the "Dreadnought" that "with their industries being destroyed by English capitalists, and with their lives always in danger from the military . . . Irish men and women are compelled to become Communists in word and deed". The paper was open to assertions of James Connolly's daughter Nora that "the awakening of a revolutionary spirit (caused by the insurrection of 1916) has come an intensive growth of revolutionary thought". In the event, Pankhurst was disappointed by the outcome: the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 described in the "Dreadnought" as "a sad, humiliating compromise of the stand for a completely independent Irish Republic".


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: In "India and the Earthly Paradise", published in Bombay in 1926, Pankhurst proposed that the social and family life in ancient India had the essential features of communism: equality, fraternity and mutuality. These were corrupted and overridden by priests, rulers and foreign invaders, up to, and including, the British, who introduced, or reinforced, racial and caste distinctions. The work has been described as a "romantic Communist’ contribution to Indian nationalism" which may have been the "result of [Pankhurst's] contacts with fringe elements of that movement".


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: There was no publisher for the book in Britain, but it was background to Pankhurst's outspoken interventions on British policy in India. She addressed protests against the failure to grant India meaningful self-government and against the use of British air power against insurgent villages in Burma and the North-West Frontier (a stand she memorialised by working with the sculptor Eric Benfield to create, in 1936, the "Stone Bomb" anti-war monument in Woodford Green).


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: In 1934, the French feminist Gabrielle Duchêne organized the World Assembly of Women, and chaired its World Committee of Women against War and Fascism (CMF: "Comité mondial des femmes contre la guerre et le fascisme").


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: Pankurst was among the non-Communist British sponsors of the Committee along with Charlotte Despard, Ellen Wilkinson, Vera Brittain and Storm Jameson, the Six Point Group and the National Union of Women Teachers. In 1935 the Committee of pooled resources with the League against Imperialism and the West-African "Union des Travailleurs Nègres" to promote freedom of speech and to protest repression throughout the European colonial empires. The Women's World Committee was active in support of the International Committee for the Defense of the Ethiopian People, which held its first meeting on 2 September 1935 before the Italian invasion of Ethiopia was launched in October 1935.


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: Having already in her Open Letter to Lenin (1922) identified Fascism as a gathering threat in Europe, Pankhurst acted in support of Italian exiles (her partner Silvio Corio among them). She was a founding member of the anti-fascist Friends of Italian Freedom, the Italian Information Bureau and the Women's International Matteotti Committee. Later, in the 1930s, she became a vice-president of the League for the Boycott of Aggressor Nations and the Anti-Nazi Council which sought trade embargoes against Mussolini's Italy and Hitler's Germany.


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: Correspondence with George Bernard Shaw (who professed to be unmoved by the murder Giacomo Matteotti) suggest that her alarm at the advance fascism moderated a once doctrinaire dismissal of capitalist democracy. To Shaw she wrote (9 July 1935):You have said that "liberty, as understood by the upholders of capitalism, is a putreyfying corpse". To a large extent you are right, for if people are slaves of economic stress, as so many are everywhere today, they often find themselves unable to exercise the liberty of standing up for their convictions as they would desire, but at least in the non-Fascist countries, most of us are able to do propaganda for our convictions, as you and I do.Pankhurst wrote to Winston Churchill, her constituency MP, concurring with him on the need for a more resolute foreign policy, but was unable to persuade him of the need for immediate action against the Italian invasion of Ethiopia.


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: From 1936, MI5 monitored Pankhurst's correspondence. In 1940 she wrote to Viscount Swinton, then chairing a committee investigating Fifth Columnists, and enclosed lists of active Fascists still at large and of anti-Fascists who had been interned. A copy of this letter on MI5's file carries a note in Swinton's hand reading: "I should think a most doubtful source of information." Meanwhile, the authorities took an increasingly grim view of her anti-colonial agitation, heightened from 1935 as she became "the main protagonist of the ‘print activism’" in the cause of Ethiopia.


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: In July 1935, representing the Women's Committee against War and Fascism, with George Brown (League of Coloured Peoples), Reginald Reynolds (No More War movement) and Reginald Bridgeman (League against Imperialism) she organised a public protest in support of Ethiopia at Essex Hall in London. After the Italian invasion commenced in October, she began publication of "The New Times and Ethiopia News". As well as reporting Italian atrocities in Ethiopia (and from July 1936, Francoist atrocities in Spain), it provided an outlet for anti-colonialist writers elsewhere in Africa. Nancy Cunard, for whom it was no accident that the Spanish fascist rebellion first broke out in an African colony (Spanish Morocco), also wrote for the paper, as did Jawaharlal Nehru.


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: Pankhurst visited Ethiopia in 1944 and observed that, although "liberated" by the British, it was still under effective colonial occupation. Returning from a second visit to Ethiopia in 1950-51 through former Italian Eritrea she learned that the British administration had been dismantling many port installations – a policy she denounced in a pamphlet ""Why are we destroying the Ethiopian ports?"" She unsettled the British authorities by insisting that Eritrea (Ethiopia's "lost" Red Sea province), Djibouti and Somaliland be "united" with Ethiopia—this at a time when at least some within these territories saw union as the surest guarantee against the return of colonial rule. Already in 1947, a Foreign Office official had been moved to comment: "we agree with you in your evident wish that this horrible old harridan should be choked to death with her own pamphlets".


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: "The New Times and Ethiopia News" remained in circulation for 20 years and at its height sold 40,000 copies weekly. This included an extensive circulation throughout West Africa and the West Indies. In 1956, the Governor of Jamaica, Sir Hugh Foot, was informed that Pankhurst's paper was radicalising a "sect" who called themselves the "Rastafari". At the same time, he was cautioned that she could be relied upon to "react violently to any suggestion that her paper should not be made available to all and sundry". In some Crown colonies, such as Sierra Leone from where the nationalist I. T. A. Wallace Johnson contributed pieces, the paper had, indeed, been banned.


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: Pankhurst did have political contact with T. Ras Makonnen, the West Indian pan-Africanist (a Guyanese of Ethiopian descent), but there is no indication that she was engaged with the new spiritual movement in Jamaica. Such, nonetheless, was her seeming hagiography of Haile Selassie that she has since been proposed as the "first white Rastafarian".


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: Her biographer Patricia Romero suggests that Pankhurst was overwhelmed by Haile Selassie so that "her republicanism departed from Waterloo station in June 1936, when the emperor’s train rolled in" and she encountered him for the first time. Others explain the devotional relationship, at least in part, by reference to her strong anti-imperialist, anti-fascist and anti-racist sympathies: "Pankhurst loved to defend the underdog and she saw in Selassie much more a defeated victim of fascism than a reactionary monarch". According to her son, Richard, her mother did not hestitate to tell Haile Selassie that, as a life-long republican, she supported him only because of the cause he represented, and that while she was cautious about involving herself in Ethiopia's domestic politics, she did voice support for trade unions and for universal suffrage.


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: In 1956, encouraged by Haile Selassie to aid with women’s development, Pankurst and her son Richard moved into an imperial guest house in the Ethiopian capital to Addis Ababa (Corio had died in 1954). She raised funds for Ethiopia's first teaching hospital, and wrote extensively on Ethiopian art and culture. She dedicated "Ethiopia: A Cultural History" (1955) to Haile Selassie: "Guardian of Education, Pioneer of Progress, Leader and Defender of his People in Peace and War".


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: Pankhurst died in Addis Ababa in 1960, aged 78, and received a full state funeral at which Haile Selassie named her "an honorary Ethiopian". She is the only foreigner buried in front of Holy Trinity Cathedral in Addis Ababa, in a section reserved for patriots of the Italian war.


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: Pankhurst's name and picture (and those of 58 other women's suffrage supporters) are on the plinth of the statue of Millicent Fawcett in Parliament Square. There is a two-dimensional silhouette constructed of Corten steel representing Pankhurst as a campaigning suffragette in Mile End Park, Bethnal Green, London, England. She is also the subject of a mural, completed 2018 by Jerome Davenport, on the gable-end of the Lord Morpeth pub on Old Ford Road in Bow, London. It is next door to the house in which she lived between 1914 and 1924 while working with the ELFS and WSF.


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: In October 2022, the Old Vic Theatre announced for 25 January 2023 the world premiere of "Sylvia", a hip hop musical about Pankhurst. Directed and choreographed by Kate Prince, it seek to tell her story to "younger and more diverse audiences".


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: Pankhurst objected in principle to entering into a marriage contract and to taking a husband's name. Near the end of the First World War she began living with Italian anarchist Silvio Corio and moved to Woodford Green, where she lived for over 30 years — a blue plaque and Pankhurst Green opposite Woodford tube station commemorate her ties to the area. In 1927, at the age of 45, she gave birth to a son, Richard. As she refused to marry the child's father, her mother broke ties with her and did not speak to her again. Richard became a leading student of Ethiopian history and the first director of the Institute of Ethiopian Studies at Addis Ababa University. His son, Pankurst's grandson, Alula Pankhurst is an Ethiopian scholar and social development consultant in Addis Ababa, and has been a contributor to the "Ethiopia Observer" which continues to publish"."


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: From an early age Pankhurst had an ambition to become a "painter and draughtsman in the service of the great movements for social betterment". She trained at Manchester School of Art (1900–02) and then the Royal College of Art in London (1904–06). As part of her work campaigning for the WSPU, for which she created designs for a range of banners, jewellery and graphic logos. Her motif of the 'angel of freedom', a trumpeting emblem had wider appeal across the campaign for women's suffrage, appearing on banners, political pamphlets, cups and saucers.


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: An exhibition of her artistic works took place at Tate Modern in 2013–14. Information about the exhibition, together with photographs of the artwork itself, is part of the Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive.


title: Sylvia Pankhurst

text: Pankhurst found it difficult to reconcile her artistic vocation with her political activities, eventually deciding that they were incompatible. She said: "Mothers came to me with their wasted little ones. I saw starvation look at me from patient eyes. I knew that I should never return to my art". By 1912, she had all but abandoned her artistic career in order to concentrate on her political activism.


title: Clangers

text: Clangers (usually referred to as "The Clangers") is a British stop-motion children's television series, consisting of short films about a family of mouse-like creatures who live on, and inside, a small moon-like planet. They speak only in a whistled language. They eat only green soup (supplied by the Soup Dragon) and blue string pudding. The programmes were originally broadcast on BBC One between 1969 and 1972, followed by a special episode which was broadcast in 1974.


title: Clangers

text: The series was made by Smallfilms, the company set up by Oliver Postgate (who was the show's writer, animator and narrator) and Peter Firmin (who was its modelmaker and illustrator). Firmin designed the characters, and Joan Firmin, his wife knitted and "dressed" them. The music, often part of the story, was provided by Vernon Elliott.


title: Clangers

text: A third series, narrated by Monty Python actor Michael Palin, was broadcast in the UK from 15 June 2015 on the BBC's CBeebies TV channel, gaining hugely successful viewing figures, following on from a short special broadcast by the BBC earlier that year. The new programmes are still made using stop-motion animation (instead of the computer-generated imagery which had replaced the original stop-motion animation in revivals of other children's shows such as "Fireman Sam", "Thomas & Friends" and "The Wombles"). Further new series were made in 2017 and 2019.


title: Clangers

text: The Clangers originated in a series of children's books developed from another "Smallfilms" production, "Noggin the Nog". Publishers Kay and Ward created a series of books based on the "Noggin the Nog" television episodes, which was subsequently expanded into a series called "Noggin First Reader", aimed at teaching children to read.


title: Clangers

text: In one of these, called "Noggin and the Moonmouse", published in 1967, a new horse-trough was put up in the middle of the town in the North-Lands. A spacecraft hurtled down and splash-landed in it: the top unscrewed, and out came a largish, mouse-like creature in a duffel coat, who wanted fuel for his spaceship. He showed Nooka and the children that what he needed was vinegar and soap-flakes, so they filled up the fueltank of the little spherical ship, which then "took off in a dreadful cloud smelling of vinegar and soap-flakes, covering the town with bubbles".


title: Clangers

text: In 1969 (the year of NASA's first landing on the Moon), the BBC asked "Smallfilms" to produce a new series for colour television, but without specifying a storyline. Postgate concluded that as space exploration was topical the new series should take place in space (and, inspired by the real Moon Landing, Peter Firmin designed a set which strongly resembled the Moon). Postgate adapted the Moonmouse from the 1967 story, by simply removing its tail ("because it kept getting into the soup"). Hence the Clangers looked similar to mice (and, from their pink colour, pigs). They wore clothes reminiscent of Roman armour, "against the space debris that kept falling onto the planet, lost from other places, such as television sets and bits of an Iron Chicken". And they spoke in whistled language.


title: Clangers

text: "The Clangers" was described by Postgate as a family in space. They were small creatures living in peace and harmony on – and inside – a small, hollow planet, far, far away: nourished by Blue String Pudding, and by Green Soup harvested from the planet's volcanic soup wells by the Soup Dragon.


title: Clangers

text: The word "Clanger" is said to derive from the sound made by opening the metal cover of one of the creatures' crater-like burrows, each of which was covered with an old metal dustbin lid, to protect against meteorite impacts (and space debris). In each episode there would be some problem to solve, typically concerning something invented or discovered, or some new visitor to meet. Music Trees, with note-shaped fruit, grew on the planet's surface, and music would often be an integral feature in the simple but amusing plots. In the "Fishing" episode, one of the Cheese Trees provided a cylindrical five-line staff for notes taken from the Music Trees.


title: Clangers

text: Postgate provided the narration, for the most part in a soft, melodic voice, describing and accounting for the curious antics of the little blue planet's knitted pink inhabitants, and providing a "translation", as it were, for much of their whistled dialogue. Postgate claimed that in reality when the Clangers' were whistling, they were "swearing their little heads off".


title: Clangers

text: The first of the 26 episodes (aired as two series of 13 programmes each) was broadcast on BBC One from 16 November 1969. The last edition of the second series was transmitted on 10 November 1972.


title: Clangers

text: However, there was also one final programme, a seven-minute election special entitled "Vote for Froglet", broadcast on 10 October 1974 (the day of the General Election), which was not shown in the usual timeslot during children's programmes. Oliver Postgate said in a 2005 interview that he wasn't sure whether the 1974 special still existed, and it has been referred to as a "missing episode". In fact the whole episode is available from the British Film Institute.


title: Clangers

text: The original Mother Clanger puppet was stolen in 1972. Today, Major Clanger and the second Mother Clanger are on display at the Rupert Bear Museum.


title: Clangers

text: The Clangers grew in size between the first and last episodes, to allow Firmin to use an Action Man model figure in the episode "The Rock Collector".


title: Clangers

text: In October 2013, the BBC's CBeebies channel and the American pre-school channel, Sprout, announced that a new series would be produced for broadcasting in their 2015 schedules, with Michael Palin narrating in place of the late Oliver Postgate. The American pre-school channel Sprout were major funders and co-producers having commissioned the series in tandem with the BBC, with William Shatner narrating.


title: Clangers

text: The principal characters are the Clangers themselves, the females wearing waistcoats and the males brass armour:


title: Clangers

text: One of the most noted aspects was the use of sound effects, with a score composed by Vernon Elliott under instructions from Postgate. Although the episodes were scripted, most of the music used in the two series was written in translation by Postgate in the form of "musical sketches" or graphs that he drew for Elliott, who converted the drawings into a musical score. The music was then recorded by the two, along with other musicians – dubbed the "Clangers Ensemble" – in a village hall, where they would often leave the windows open, leading to the sounds of birds outside being heard on some recordings. Much of the score was performed on Elliott's bassoon, and also included harp, clarinet, glockenspiel and bells.


title: Clangers

text: The distinctive whistles made by the Clangers, performed on swanee whistles, have become as identifiable as the characters themselves, much imitated by viewers. The series creators have said that the Clangers, living in vacuum, did not communicate by sound, but rather by a type of nuclear magnetic resonance, which was translated to audible whistles for the human audience. These whistles followed the rhythm and intonation of a script in English. The action was also narrated by a voice-over from Postgate. However, when the series was shown without narration to a group of overseas students, many of them felt that the Clangers were speaking their particular language.


title: Clangers

text: Postgate recounted: "When the BBC got the script, [they] rang me up and said "At the beginning of episode three, where the doors get stuck, Major Clanger says 'sod it, the bloody thing’s stuck again'. Well, darling, you can’t say that on Children’s television, you know, I mean you just can’t". I said "It’s not going to be said, it’s going to be whistled", but [they] just said "But people will know!” I said no, that if they had nice minds, they’d think "Oh dear, the silly thing’s not working properly". If you watch the episode, the one where the rocket goes up and shoots down the Iron Chicken, Major Clanger kicks the door to make it work and his first words are "Sod it, the bloody thing’s stuck again". Years later, when the merchandising took off, the Golden Bear company wanted a Clanger and a Clanger phrase for it to make when you squeezed it, they got "Sod it, the bloody thing’s stuck again"! "


title: Clangers

text: John Du Prez, who wrote some of the music for "Monty Python" (another show Michael Palin was in) composed the score for the 2015 series.


title: Clangers

text: The first series was transmitted on BBC1 at 5:55pm, except for the episode "Chicken" which went out at 5:50pm because there was a "Children in Need" appeal at 6:00pm.


title: Clangers

text: The second series episodes were also transmitted weekly on BBC1, but in a wide variety of differing timeslots. Episodes 1 and 2 were seen at 4:50pm; episodes 3, 5 and 6 at 5:05pm; episodes 4 and 8 at 5:00pm; episode 7 at 4:40pm; episode 9 at 5:30pm; and episodes 10, 11, 12 and 13 (which followed episode 9 after a gap of more than a year) at 4:00pm.


title: Clangers

text: The first of these was an election special, produced in 1974, entitled "Vote for Froglet". Inspired by what Postgate referred to as the "Winter of Discontent" (a phrase from Shakespeare's play "Richard III", usually employed to refer to the winter of 1978–79, but Postgate was referring to the miners' strike in the winter of 1973-74), and inspired partly by his recollections of post-war Germany, it was broadcast on the night of the October 1974 General Election. The narrator explains the democratic process, and demonstrates it by asking the Clangers to vote between the Soup Dragon and a Froglet. The Soup Dragon wins the election on a policy of "No Soup for Froglets", but the Clangers are dissatisfied with the result. This special was believed to be a lost episode for many years, but it was released in full for free by the British Film Institute to coincide with the 2017 UK General Election.


title: Clangers

text: Following the March 2015 special, a full series was commissioned for the summer of that year. The series was narrated by Michael Palin, and co-produced by Smallfilms with the involvement of Peter Firmin and Oliver Postgate's son, Dan. The series was directed by Chris Tichborne and Mole Hill, with music composed by John Du Prez. 52 11-minute episodes were commissioned. The voices of the Iron Chicken, the Soup Dragon, and the Baby Soup Dragon were by Dan Postgate.


title: Clangers

text: The first episode of the new series aired on 15 June 2015. It turned out to be a massive hit for CBeebies. The BBC News Entertainment and Arts magazine revealed that 65% of the episode's viewing audience of 484,000 were adults, and that it was CBeebies' most watched programme of 2015 up to that date. The rating was more than double the previous record, set by an episode of "Alphablocks", "Numberjacks"," Waybuloo", "Fimbles", "Charlie and Lola", "Teletubbies", "The Lingo Show" and "The Octonauts" that year, as well as other CBeebies favourites since the station's launch in 2002, although an episode of "Numberjacks" peaked at over 1 million back in 2009.


title: Clangers

text: According to the 7 June 2015 issue of "Parade" magazine, actor William Shatner has been chosen to be the American narrator for the series when it begins airing on the cable network Sprout.


title: Clangers

text: A second series of the revival, and the fourth series overall, released on 11 September 2017 with 26 more episodes.


title: Clangers

text: A third series of the revival, and the fifth series overall was broadcast on CBeebies on 17 July 2019 with another 26 more episodes.


title: Clangers

text: Although not quite as popular as "Bagpuss" (which in 1999 was voted in a British television poll the best children's television programme ever made), since the death of Postgate in December 2008 interest has been revived in his work, which is considered to have had a notable influence on British culture throughout the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. In 2007, Postgate and Firmin were jointly presented with the Action for Children's Arts J. M. Barrie Award "for a lifetime's achievement in delighting children".


title: Clangers

text: The Soup Dragons, a Scottish alternative rock band of the late 1980s and early 1990s, took their name from the Clangers character.


title: Clangers

text: In the 1972 "Doctor Who" serial "The Sea Devils", The Master is seen to be watching the episode "The Rock Collector". He states that they are fascinating creatures and even mimics their language. He is told that they are just television characters. The Master rolls his eyes; he was obviously joking and knows full well they are puppets.


title: Clangers

text: A Clanger (as a glove-puppet rather than a stop-motion puppet) appears as a member of the "Puppet Government" in "The Goodies" TV episode "The Goodies Rule – O.K.?".


title: Clangers

text: From the block's start until its discontinuation, the UK's Nick Jr. Classics block aired "Clangers" episodes specifically for parents who remembered the show.


title: Clangers

text: Tiny Clanger (also as a glove-puppet) appeared on "Sprout's Sunny Side Up Show" in honour of the U.S. premiere of "Clangers".


title: Clangers

text: The series was not widely broadcast outside the UK in the 1970s, mainly because it did not require additional money from sales abroad to finance its production. However the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation showed the series in 1970 and 1982, entitled "Romlingane". It was narrated by Ingebrigt Davik, a popular author of children's books. It was shown on Swedish Television in the late 1960s and 1970s, entitled "Rymdlarna". The first 13 episodes were also shown on Czechoslovak Television in August 1972, entitled "Rámusíci" as a part of the children's evening program slot "Večerníček".


title: Clangers

text: The revived version in 2015 has received funding from Sprout, a subsidiary of NBCUniversal, and has been pre-sold to other foreign broadcasters including the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. The American transmissions are narrated by William Shatner.


title: Clangers

text: In 2001, a selection of the music and sound effects was compiled by Jonny Trunk from 128 musical cues held by Postgate, who contributed act one, "The Iron Chicken and the Music Trees", of "A Clangers Opera", with libretto that he had compiled.


title: Clangers

text: In the early 1990s, three VHS cassettes of the Clangers were released by BBC Enterprises Ltd. Later, another six cassettes were released by Universal Pictures. A number of DVDs have also been released by Universal Pictures (original series) and Signature Entertainment (revived series).


title: Dean Court

text: Dean Court, currently known as the Vitality Stadium for sponsorship purposes, is a football stadium in Kings Park, Boscombe, a suburb of Bournemouth, Dorset, England and the home ground of AFC Bournemouth.


title: Dean Court

text: In 1910, Boscombe F.C. was given a piece of land by the town's Cooper-Dean family, after whom the ground was named. The land was the site of an old gravel pit, and the ground was not built in time for the start of the 1910–11 season. As a result, the club played at the adjacent King's Park until moving into Dean Court in December 1910. However, the club facilities were still not ready, and players initially had to change in a nearby hotel. Early developments at the ground included a 300-seat stand.


title: Dean Court

text: In 1923, the club were elected to Division Three South of the Football League, at which point they changed their name to Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic. The first Football League match was played at Dean Court on 1 September 1923, with 7,000 watching a 0–0 draw with Swindon Town. Subsequent ground improvements were made following the purchase of fittings from the British Empire Exhibition at Wembley, which allowed the construction of a 3,700-seat stand. A covered terrace was added at the southern end of the ground in 1936.


title: Dean Court

text: The club's record League attendance was set on 14 April 1948, when 25,495 watched a 1–0 defeat to QPR. The overall record attendance was set on 2 March 1957, when 28,799 spectators watched an FA Cup match against Manchester United. Shortly afterwards, a roof was added to the western stand. The club also purchased more land behind the northern end of the ground, with the intention of enlarging the stand and building a leisure centre. However, the club ran out of money during its construction and abandoned the scheme in 1984. As a result, the half-built structure was demolished and housing was built on that part of the site. The club's lowest Football League attendance was set on 4 March 1986, when only 1,873 saw a 2–2 drawn with Lincoln City.


title: Dean Court

text: The ground was completely rebuilt in 2001, with the pitch rotated ninety degrees from its original position and the ground moved away from adjacent housing. Because the work was not finished in time for the start of the 2001–02 season, Bournemouth played their first eight games at the Avenue Stadium in nearby Dorchester. When Dean Court reopened with a game against Wrexham on 10 November, it gained its first sponsored name, becoming the Fitness First Stadium. Although it was rebuilt as a three sided stadium with a capacity of 9,600, seats were placed on the undeveloped south end in the autumn of 2005. On 24 February 2004 Bournemouth's James Hayter scored the Football League's fastest-ever hat-trick at Dean Court, scoring three goals in 2 minutes and 20 seconds during a 6–0 victory over Wrexham. The club sold the stadium in December 2005 in a sale-and-leaseback deal with London property company Structadene.


title: Dean Court

text: In the 2010–11 a temporary south stand was built, but was removed during the 2011–12 season after attendances fell. In July 2011 the stadium was renamed the Seward Stadium after the naming rights were sold to the Seward Motor Group. Following Seward entering administration in February 2012, the ground was subsequently renamed the Goldsands Stadium in a two-year deal. During the summer of 2013 a 2,400 seat stand was built on the undeveloped end of the ground as a result of the club's promotion to the Championship. In July 2013 it was named after former club striker Ted MacDougall.


title: Dean Court

text: In August 2014, chairman Jeff Mostyn revealed that the club were looking at the possibility of redeveloping the stadium rather than moving to Matchams. With a limited capacity of 11,464, the club were exploring the option of building a new, permanent stand and filling-in the stadium's corners should they continue to be successful in the Premier League. The naming rights changed once more in July 2015 when the stadium became the Vitality Stadium.


title: Dean Court

text: In May 2016, Bournemouth announced that they would not be adding new capacity to its ground in time for the next Premier League season. The club has taken the decision to delay redevelopment plans following a meeting of its board. A statement from the Cherries blamed "ongoing negotiations with the club's landlord to purchase the stadium". The club had previously said improving the stadium's size was needed as "demand for tickets far outweighs our current capacity". Dean Court was the smallest ground in the Premier League.


title: Dean Court

text: In December 2016 the club announced plans to find a new site due to the ongoing issues regarding ownership of the ground.


title: Dean Court

text: In July 2017 the club confirmed it was looking to build a new stadium near the current site in Kings Park.


title: Dean Court

text: In February 2022, the stadium was damaged by Storm Eunice, an unusually intense storm. It caused an EFL Championship game against Nottingham Forest, scheduled for 18 February, to be postponed.


title: Dean Court

text: In 2013 both England Ladies and Under 16 sides played games at the ground. The stadium has also been used for music concerts, hosting Elton John in 2006.


title: Jagex

text: Jagex Limited is a British video game developer and publisher based at the Cambridge Science Park in Cambridge, England. It is best known for "RuneScape" and "Old School RuneScape", both free-to-play massively multiplayer online role-playing games. The company's name is derived from the company's original slogan, "Java Gaming Experts".


title: Jagex

text: In addition to "RuneScape", Jagex has released multiple casual games on its FunOrb portal, as well as other titles. Jagex was owned by U.S. investors between 2012 and 2016, by Chinese investors from 2016 to 2020, by Macarthur Fortune Holding LLC for about a year in 2020, and is presently owned by The Carlyle Group.


title: Jagex

text: After initially creating the Jagex name and logo for their projects, brothers and computer programmers Andrew Gower and Paul Gower began trading under the Jagex name in 1999, describing Jagex Software as a "small software company based in England who specialise in producing top-quality Java-games for webpages." That same year they began work on the MMORPG "RuneScape", which was released in January 2001. In December 2001, Andrew Gower, Paul Gower, and Constant Tedder launched Jagex in its current incarnation, with Tedder as its CEO. Jagex formally acquired the Jagex name from Andrew Gower in 2001.


title: Jagex

text: "RuneScape" grew dramatically; one year after its release over a million free accounts had been registered. The game was originally supported by advertisements, however, the dot-com bubble meant that there were fewer advertisers. The new company created a paid version of the game with extra features, to support hosting costs and continued development. The pay-to-play version of "RuneScape" was released on 27 February 2002, and gained 5,000 subscribers in the first week, making it one of the largest Java pay-to-play games in the world at the time.


title: Jagex

text: Until the release of "War of Legends" in 2010, the company used the slogan "Java Gaming Experts" as it had only produced games written in Java up to that point. Following the launch of the Flash-based "War of Legends", the company name was said to stand for "Just About the Game Experience".


title: Jagex

text: As "RuneScape" gained users, Jagex grew. By 11 December 2003, "RuneScape" had 65,000 paying members, and Jagex had 29 employees. On 4 May 2007, "RuneScape" had over 6,000,000 active free accounts and over 1,000,000 active pay-to-play subscribers. By July 2012, Jagex had over 500 employees.


title: Jagex

text: On 23 October 2007, Geoff Iddison, former European REO of PayPal, replaced Constant Tedder as CEO. Iddison resigned as CEO in January 2009, replaced by Mark Gerhard, who had been Jagex CTO before his appointment. Jagex became a member of the United Kingdom's game developer trade body, TIGA, on 15 April 2009. Richard Wilson, TIGA's CEO, described Jagex as "one of the most successful game developers in the world, not just the UK. Jagex has developed extraordinarily popular games and is at the leading edge in terms of online safety and security."


title: Jagex

text: Jagex received an investment from Insight Venture Partners in October 2005, before which the company had been self-funded. In December 2010 The Raine Group and Spectrum Equity Investors invested in the company, while Insight increased their investment. Andrew Gower, Paul Gower, and Constant Tedder left the board of directors at that time. In January 2012, Insight increased its stake in Jagex from 35% to 55%, giving it a controlling interest in the company. However, in an interview, Gerhard stated that Insight took their 55% stake 13 months prior in December 2010. On 11 September 2014, Mark Gerhard announced his resignation from Jagex by 2015. On 2 April 2015, Rod Cousens was appointed CEO of Jagex following his departure from Codemasters. In July 2016 Jagex was purchased by Hongtou, a Chinese investment company, which was subsequently acquired by Zhongji Holdings, which later changed its name to Fukong Interactive Entertainment. Jagex remained under Hongtou within Fukong's structure until it was sold to Macarthur Fortune Holding, a US-based asset management company, in April 2020 for .


title: Jagex

text: Phil Mansell became Jagex' CEO in January 2017. The Carlyle Group acquired a majority stake in the firm in January 2021 from Macarthur in a deal for an undisclosed amount, which "The Daily Telegraph" estimated was greater than then Macarthur had paid for it previously. After announcement of this, Plutos Sama Holdings filed a legal complaint asserting that the sale of Jagex from Shanghai Hongtou to Macarthur was invalid due to past issues over business dealings with Shanghai Hongtou. Plutos Sama stated in their complaint they had put in a sole bid to acquire Hongtou, including Jagex, around August 2020, but this deal never was complete, but as it should have gone through, they are the rightful owners of Jagex.


title: Jagex

text: In July 2022, Jagex acquired US games company Pipeworks Studios. In December 2022, Jagex acquired Croatian studio Gamepire, which was best known for developing "Scum".


title: Jagex

text: Since 2004 Jagex has made donations to a number of national and international charities, as well as running charity auctions for signed merchandise. In 2008 they donated artwork and prizes to the MMOCalendar, which raises funds for St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.


title: Jagex

text: In 2013, the firm introduced the "Well of Goodwill" to "RuneScape", which allowed players to gift in-game items or wealth to charity, featuring a hi-scores page for the players who donated. For every 10 million gold pieces from the community, Jagex donated $2 to a range of charitable causes. On the weekend of 21 to 24 February 2014, Jagex reopened Well of Goodwill to donations. They also hosted livestreams for the then-active double experience weekend and released a limited-offer virtual purchase to raise money for SpecialEffect, a charity geared towards making games accessible to children with disabilities.


title: Jagex

text: In July 2014, Jagex helped raise awareness about the illegal poaching of black and white rhinos by adding rhinoceros pets and trivia questions to "RuneScape". This campaign was partnered with United for Wildlife. In November 2014, Jagex reopened the Well of Goodwill to support 3 new charities: AbleGamers, DonateGames, and YoungMinds.


title: Jagex

text: "RuneScape" is a fantasy MMORPG released in January 2001 by Andrew and Paul Gower. It is a graphical browser game implemented on the client-side in Java, and incorporates 3D rendering. The game has over 200 million registered accounts, and is recognised by the Guinness World Records as the world's most popular free-to-play MMORPG.


title: Jagex

text: "RuneScape" takes place in the world of Gielinor, a medieval fantasy realm divided into different kingdoms, regions, and cities. Each region offers different types of monsters, resources, and quests to challenge players. The game's fictional universe has also been explored through a tie-in video game on its maker's other website, "FunOrb", "Armies of Gielinor", and the novels "Betrayal at Falador", "Return to Canifis" and "Legacy of Blood".


title: Jagex

text: Players are represented in the game with customisable avatars. "RuneScape" does not follow a linear storyline; rather, players set their own goals and objectives. Players can choose to fight non-player character (NPC) monsters, complete quests, or increase their experience in the available skills. Players interact with each other through trading, chatting, or by participating in mini-games and activities, some of which are competitive or combative in nature, while others require cooperative or collaborative play.


title: Jagex

text: "Old School RuneScape" is a separate incarnation of "RuneScape" released on 22 February 2013, based on a copy of the game from August 2007. It was opened to paying subscribers after a poll to determine the level of support for releasing this game passed 50,000 votes (totaling 449,351 votes), followed by a free-to-play version on 19 February 2015. "Old School RuneScape" receives regular content updates, which must be voted on by its players before they can be added to the game. On 17 July 2017, Jagex announced the development of a mobile version of "Old School RuneScape".


title: Jagex

text: On 16 September 2015 Jagex released "DarkScape", a separate version of "RuneScape" which featured open-world player versus player combat. "DarkScape" was originally released with most of "RuneScape's" content, but received separate content updates. "DarkScape" was completely free to play, with some additional benefits reserved for paying subscribers. On 29 February 2016 it was announced that "DarkScape" would close on 28 March due to lack of interest.


title: Jagex

text: On 11 December 2014, "Block N Load", a sandbox building tactical first-person shooter (FPS) game went into closed beta. On 5 March 2015, Jagex announced that "Block N Load" would be released for PC on 30 April 2015.


title: Jagex

text: "FunOrb" was a casual gaming site created by Jagex. Launched on 27 February 2008, it was the company's first major release after "RuneScape". All of the games were programmed in Java. FunOrb was permanently shut down on the 7th of August 2018.


title: Jagex

text: The site was mainly targeted towards the "hard casual," "deep casual" or "time-pressured" gamer market.


title: Jagex

text: "8Realms" was an HTML-based empire-building massively multiplayer online strategy game developed by Jagex. It was the company's first internally developed MMORTS, and second published MMORTS after "War of Legends".


title: Jagex

text: The "8Realms" closed beta was released on 5 May 2011; players were given advanced access to the closed beta by invitation and through the game's Facebook page. On 28 May 2012, Jagex announced they were closing the game, stating that "it has become clear that the game doesn’t meet our high expectations for success."


title: Jagex

text: On 11 October 2012 Jagex announced it was developing a racing game on Facebook called "Carnage Racing". The game runs on the Unity game engine and was released in November 2012.


title: Jagex

text: Jagex announced "Chronicle: RuneScape Legends" at RuneFest 2014 for launch in the coming year. It allows players to build their own adventure with cards using characters from "RuneScape".


title: Jagex

text: On 25 November 2015 Chronicle entered closed beta, and it was released on Steam on 26 May 2016. On 8 May 2018, it was announced that the game would be removed due to "multiple technical issues" combined with a dwindling player base. The servers for the game remained running until 6 August 2018.


title: Jagex

text: "War of Legends" was an MMORTS set in a world of ancient Chinese mythology, which was released on 19 January 2010. It was Jagex's first MMORTS, the company's first externally developed game, the first game published by Jagex not to be written in Java, and the company's first microtransactional game. The game was shut down on 22 December 2014, and on 29 January 2015 Jagex announced that the game would not come back online due to unresolved security issues.


title: Jagex

text: On 10 May 2011 Jagex announced that it was working with the New York-based children's media company Herotainment to publish a new browser-based game called "Herotopia", which was released on 25 May. According to Jagex the game will be a "virtual world which provides kids with a fun and enjoyable experience they can make their own." The game is now closed.


title: Jagex

text: On 1 November 2012 it was announced that Jagex would publish the sandbox game "Ace of Spades". The game was released on Steam on 12 December 2012. The game's servers were shut down on 6 March 2019.


title: Jagex

text: On 1 July 2021, Jagex announced it was publishing a loot shooter called "Space Punks", developed by games studio Flying Wild Hog. It launched in early access on the Epic Games store on the 14 July.


title: Jagex

text: On 21 October 2021, Jagex announced it was publishing a "Runescape"-inspired idle game called "Melvor Idle". The game is being developed in partnership with its previous solo developer Brendan Malcolm, of Games By Malcs. It left early access a month prior to the partnership announcement.


title: Jagex

text: Jagex released its first mobile game, "Bouncedown", for the iPhone and iPod Touch on 3 December 2009, followed by "StarCannon" on 15 April 2010, "Miner Disturbance" on 8 June 2010, and "Undercroft" on 23 September 2010.


title: Jagex

text: On 14 March 2011, Jagex announced a partnership with Hasbro to create a "Transfomers Universe" MMO based on the Transformers intellectual property that was due to launch in North America, Latin America, Europe, New Zealand and Australia in 2013. The game entered open beta on 4 July 2014, but it was announced on 16 December 2014 that the game would be cancelled and the beta shut down on 31 January 2015.


title: Jagex

text: "Stellar Dawn" was an upcoming browser-based sci-fi themed MMORPG under development by Jagex. Originally known as "MechScape", the project was scrapped and renamed after it was decided that the completed project did not meet the standards of the original design brief. The project was overhauled and formally announced as "Stellar Dawn" on 14 July 2010 when Jagex released the official "Stellar Dawn" website. On 10 August 2010 the first official "Stellar Dawn" teaser was released. The game was slated for a 2011 launch, but in March 2012 Jagex announced that development had been paused in favour of "Transformers Universe" and "RuneScape".


title: Jagex

text: "RuneScape: Idle Adventures" was an idle game set in the "RuneScape" universe developed by Hyper Hippo Productions. A closed beta was opened on Steam on 23 April 2016, then was subsequently shutdown on 15 May 2017 due to lack of users.


title: A. J. Terrell

text: Aundell Terrell Jr. (born September 23, 1998) is an American football cornerback for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Clemson and was drafted by the Falcons in the first round of the 2020 NFL Draft.


title: A. J. Terrell

text: Terrell attended Westlake High School in Atlanta, Georgia. He played cornerback and wide receiver in high school. A five-star recruit, he played in the 2017 Under Armour All-America Game. He committed to Clemson University to play college football.


title: A. J. Terrell

text: As a true freshman at Clemson in 2017, Terrell played in 14 games, recording 15 tackles and an interception. As a sophomore in 2018, he started all 15 games and had 53 tackles, three interceptions and a touchdown. In the 2019 College Football Playoff National Championship he returned an interception 44 yards for a touchdown against Alabama quarterback Tua Tagovailoa. Terrell returned as a starter his junior year in 2019. Following a junior season where he was named to the first-team All-ACC, Terrell announced that he would forgo his senior season and declared for the 2020 NFL Draft.


title: A. J. Terrell

text: The Atlanta Falcons selected Terrell in the first round (16th overall) of the 2020 NFL Draft. Terrell was the third cornerback drafted in 2020, after Jeff Okudah (3rd overall) and C. J. Henderson (9th overall). On July 20, 2020, the Falcons signed Terrell to a fully-guaranteed four-year, $14.31 million contract that includes a signing bonus of $7.96 million. He was placed on the reserve/COVID-19 list on September 26, 2020, prior to week 3 after testing positive for the virus. He was activated on October 8, 2020.


title: A. J. Terrell

text: In Week 6 against the Minnesota Vikings, Terrell recorded his first career interception off a pass thrown by Kirk Cousins during the 40–23 win. In Week 13 against the Los Angeles Chargers, Terrell had a career-high 13 tackles in a 17–20 loss.


title: A. J. Terrell

text: In Week 9 against the New Orleans Saints, Terrell had 5 tackles and a career-high 3 passes defended in the 27–25 win. In Week 11 against the New England Patriots, Terrell had his first interception of the season in the 0–25 loss. In Week 14, Terrell had an interception in a 29–21 win over the Carolina Panthers. Terrell recorded his third interception of the season in Week 17 against the Buffalo Bills.


title: A. J. Terrell

text: On January 14, 2022, Terrell was named second-team All-Pro. He received an overall grade of 82.7 from Pro Football Focus, 2nd among qualifying cornerbacks in 2021.


title: A. J. Terrell

text: Aundell Terrell Jr. was the second of four children born to Aundell Terrell Sr. and his wife Aliya. The family moved from Rochester, New York, to Atlanta, Georgia, in 2001. Terrell Jr.'s son, Aundell III, was born in 2019.


title: Candelabra

text: A candelabra (plural candelabras) or candelabrum (plural candelabra or candelabrums) is a candle holder with multiple arms.


title: Candelabra

text: Although electricity has relegated candleholders to decorative use, interior designers continue to model light fixtures and lighting accessories after candelabra and candlesticks. Accordingly, the term candelabra has entered common use to describe small-based light bulbs used in chandeliers and other lighting fixtures made for decoration as well as lighting.


title: Candelabra

text: In Judaism and in the Philippine religion Iglesia ni Cristo, the menorah is a special kind of candelabrum. The Candelabra is also used in certain Eastern Catholic and Eastern Orthodox church architecture and liturgy by bishops as the Trikiridikiri.


title: Candelabra

text: This word originally came from Latin, in which "candelabrum" is the singular form and "candelabra" is the plural. Over time, English usage changed so that "candelabra" as the singular and "candelabras" as the plural is now the more common usage.


title: Candelabra

text: An ancient example is the bronze candelabrum made by Callimachus for the Erechtheion in Athens, to carry the lamp sacred to Athena. In this case it is possible the lamp was suspended, as in the example from Pompeii; this consisted of a stalk or reed, the upper part moulded with projecting feature of the lamps, and a base resting on three lions' or griffins' feet; sometimes there was a disk at the top to carry a lamp, and sometimes there was a hollow cup, in which resinous woods were burnt. The origin of the term suggests that on the top of the disk was a spike to carry a wax or tallow candle ( or ). Besides these bronze candelabra, of which there are many varieties in museums, the Romans used more ponderous supports in stone or marble, of which many examples were found in the . These consisted of a base, often triangular, and of similar design to the small sacrificial altars, and a shaft either richly moulded or carved with the acanthus plant and crowned with a large cup or basin. There is a fine example of the latter in the Vatican museums. The Roman examples seem to have served as models for many of the candelabra in the churches in Italy.


title: Candelabra

text: In the United States and Canada, the word candelabra is used to refer to radio masts and towers with multiple transmission antennas. Sutro Tower in San Francisco and John Hancock Center in Chicago are examples of such structures. Baltimore's TV stations, WMAR-TV, WBAL-TV, and WJZ-TV in 1959 built the world’s first three-antenna candelabra tower, 730 feet tall. Other examples include the Mount Royal Candelabra in Montreal, the KXTV/KOVR/KCRA Tower, KSMO Candelabra Tower, KMBC/KCWE Candelabra Tower, the Madison Community Candelabra Tower in Madison.


title: Pulled pork

text: Pulled pork is an American barbecue dish, more specifically a dish of the Southern U.S., based on shredded barbecued pork shoulder. It is typically slow-smoked over wood (usually outdoors); indoor variations use a slow cooker. The meat is then shredded manually and mixed with a sauce. It may be served on bread as a sandwich, or eaten on its own.


title: Pulled pork

text: Pulled pork, almost always a shoulder cut, is commonly slow-cooked by first applying a dry rub, then smoking over wood. A non-barbecue method uses a slow cooker, a domestic oven, or an electric pressure cooker (such as an Instant Pot).


title: Pulled pork

text: For the meat to 'pull' properly, it must reach an internal temperature of 195 to 205°F (90.5 to 96°C); the smoker temperature can be around 275°F (135°C). Cooking time is many hours, often more than 12 hours (though much shorter with electric pressure cookers, typically from 60 to 90 minutes).


title: Pulled pork

text: In rural areas across the United States, either a pig roast/whole hog, mixed cuts of the pig/hog, or the shoulder cut (Boston butt) alone are commonly used, and the pork is then shredded before being served with or without a vinegar-based sauce. Before cooking, it is common to soak the meat in brine; this process provides the extra moisture needed for a long, slow cooking process.


title: Tampico

text: Tampico is a city and port in the southeastern part of the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico. It is located on the north bank of the Pánuco River, about inland from the Gulf of Mexico, and directly north of the state of Veracruz. Tampico is the fifth-largest city in Tamaulipas, with a population of 314,418 in the city proper and 929,174 in the metropolitan area.


title: Tampico

text: During the period of Mexico's first oil boom in the early 20th century, the city was the "chief oil-exporting port of the Americas" and the second-busiest in the world, yielding great profits that were invested in the city's famous architecture, often compared to that of Venice and New Orleans. The first oil well in Mexico was drilled near Tampico in 1901 at Ébano.


title: Tampico

text: In 1923, Mexico's largest oil field (located very close to Tampico) dried up, leading to an exodus of jobs and investment, but economic development in other areas made the city a pioneer in the aviation and soda industries. The city is also a major exporter of silver, copper, and lumber, as well as wool, hemp, and other agricultural products. Containerized cargo is mainly handled by the neighboring ocean port of Altamira.


title: Tampico

text: The name "Tampico" is of Huastec origin, "tam-piko" meaning "place of otters" (literally "water dogs"). The city is surrounded by rivers and lagoons of the delta of the Pánuco River, which was the habitat of a large population of otters. There have been successive human settlements in the area for centuries. The region had several early Huastec settlements, among them the important site at Las Flores, which flourished between AD 1000 and 1250.


title: Tampico

text: In 1532, during the Spanish colonial period, the Franciscan priest Andrés de Olmos established a mission and monastery in the area, building over a former Huastec village. At his request, Spanish officials founded a settlement named San Luis de Tampico in 1554. This site was abandoned in 1684, and the population relocated to the south of the Pánuco River because of frequent attacks by European and American pirates. The area was abandoned for nearly 150 years.


title: Tampico

text: The present Mexican city was founded on April 13, 1823 on the north bank of the Pánuco River about from the Gulf, after Mexico achieved independence from Spain. Tampico built its economy on the exportation of silver; business development was mostly as a trading center and market town of an agricultural region. The town also became a common waypoint for the re-routing of African slaves to be illegally smuggled into the Southern United States, which had outlawed the international slave trade in 1807. In August 1829, Spain sent troops from Cuba to invade Tampico in an effort to regain control of the region, but in September, General Antonio López de Santa Anna forced the Spanish troops to surrender, and Mexican control of Tampico was reestablished.


title: Tampico

text: The first oil well in Mexico was drilled near Tampico at Ébano S.L.P. in 1901, by Californian Edward Doheny, who founded Mexican Petroleum Corporation. In the early 20th century, there was extensive U.S. investment in oil development in Tampico, with a sizable United States expatriate community developing in relation to the industry. With the outbreak of the Mexican Revolution, which lasted roughly from 1910 to 1920, the U.S. monitored the situation to protect its citizens and investments. Doheny sold some of his businesses to the Standard Oil Company which operated its monopoly here. The oil-producing area was so productive it was called the "Golden Belt."


title: Tampico

text: The oil fields known as Ébano, Pánuco, Huasteca, and Túxpan are all situated within a radius of the city. Oil was often shipped on barges along the rivers. To improve transportation of oil to the port, the government built the Chijol Canal, beginning in 1901. It is deep and wide and runs southward through the oil fields to Túxpan.


title: Tampico

text: During the Mexican Revolution, on April 9, 1914, 10 Mexican soldiers and nine U.S. Navy sailors from the USS "Dolphin" confronted each other in a failure to communicate as U.S. forces tried to get fuel supplies. General Victoriano Huerta's forces in the city were threatened by different groups from both north and south. The Americans were arrested and later freed, but the U.S. resented Huerta's demands for some recognition. In the resulting Tampico Affair, the U.S. sent naval and marine forces into Veracruz and occupied the city for seven months in a show of force. Due to resulting anti-American demonstrations on each coast, other U.S. Navy ships were used to evacuate some American citizens to refugee camps in southern U.S. cities. The U.S. occupation contributed to the downfall of Huerta, and Venustiano Carranza became president. He ensured that Mexico maintained neutrality during World War I, in part due to lingering animosity against the U.S. for these actions.


title: Tampico

text: In the 1970s, Tampico annexed the port city and suburb of Ciudad Madero, which now comprises part of the Tampico metropolitan area. Tampico has a modern port with excellent facilities, as well as rail and air connections to Mexico City and the United States.


title: Tampico

text: The Mexican government nationalized the oil industry in 1939 and has maintained that for 75 years. In November 2014, President Enrique Peña Nieto announced a policy change of ending Pemex's monopoly and inviting private companies back into the oil and gas industry. While analysts believe the largest finds are likely to be offshore, new techniques may yield oil even at mature fields such as those of Tampico. In early 2015, the government planned to accept bids on 169 blocks, 47 of which are within of Tampico. It is expected that smaller companies will be active in the mature fields, such as those in this region. This area has extensive shale oil deposits, and the "U.S. Energy Information Administration estimates that Mexico has the world's eighth-largest shale-oil resources."


title: Tampico

text: Tampico's downtown architecture is an eclectic mix, reflecting the growth of the city during the "Porfiriato" (the period of rule by President and dictator of Mexico Porfirio Díaz). During the oil boom of the first decades of the 20th century, much "grandiose" architecture was built, inviting comparisons with Venice, Italy, and New Orleans in the United States. Many buildings feature wrought-iron balconies (in the 20th century, these were mostly built of English cast iron). Similar balconies are characteristic of the French and Spanish-influenced architecture in New Orleans. Some of the balconies in "Plaza de la libertad" bear the original plaques showing their manufacture at the Derbyshire forge of Andrew Handyside and Company.


title: Tampico

text: Notable buildings include the neoclassical Town Hall (or "Palacio Municipal") in "Plaza de Armas", and the English redbrick Customs House in the docks. The prevalence of New Orleans-style architecture is attributed to the oil boom years. Not only was there money to spend, but many building supplies, including pre-built housing components, were shipped from New Orleans to this area during that period of rapid development. The historical downtown areas of "Plaza de Armas" and "Plaza de Libertad" have been restored and improved in recent years to emphasize their historic appeal, in part to encourage more heritage tourism.


title: Tampico

text: The Cathedral of Tampico, also known as the Temple of the Immaculate Conception, located in "Plaza de Armas", dates to the late 19th century. It has undergone several restorations. It is of the neoclassical style in light brown canter, with Corinthian-style columns and three enormous doors that form the entrance. Its two towers are made of three bodies. The eastern one has a large, London-made, public chiming clock, a gift from Don Angel Sainz Trapaga. Its recently refurbished interior holds several wall paintings and other works of art. The altar is of white Carrara marble. The United States oil tycoon Edward Doheny of California, who drilled the first oil well in Mexico near Tampico, donated substantial funds for the cathedral's construction and maintenance after 1902, when he based his Mexican oil operations in Tampico.


title: Tampico

text: According to the INEGI 2010 census, the population of the city of Tampico was 297,284, and that of the municipality of Tampico was 297,554, both ranking fifth in the state of Tamaulipas. The population of the Tampico—Ciudad Madero—Altamira metropolitan area was estimated at 859,419 people in 2010. The municipality has an area of .


title: Tampico

text: Tampico has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen: "Aw"), defined as such based on the mean average temperature of 18 °C (65 °F) for January as well as on precipitation patterns. Its weather, though relatively mild in spring and autumn, is hot in the summer; the average high reaches 32 °C (90 °F) in August, with an average low of 23 °C (74 °F). Winters are warm; the average January high is 23 °C (73 °F) and the average low in January is 13 °C (58 °F). Rainfall is frequent from June through October.


title: Tampico

text: Tampico is an extremely humid city, with summer heat indices reaching 40 °C (104 °F). It is located on the Pánuco River and among extensive wetlands adjacent to the Gulf of Mexico. During autumn and winter, it is affected by cold fronts that pass through the gulf and bring high winds that can reach 50 km/h (37 mph) with gusts of 70 to 80 km/h (43 to 50 mph). Tampico is also located in a hurricane area, but it has not been directly affected by one in more than 50 years.


title: Tampico

text: On rare occasions, the city experiences surprisingly low temperatures for its zone; during late January and early February 2011, a cold wave caused temperatures to drop to , with the lowest being in the morning and noon of 4 February. In February 1895, snow was reported to have fallen in Tampico. This is the North American record for the furthest south report of snow at a coastal location, and makes Tampico one of the few places that snow has fallen in the tropics at sea level.


title: Tampico

text: The metropolitan area of Tampico, Ciudad Madero, and Altamira is served by General Francisco Javier Mina International Airport (IATA airport code: TAM), which is located in the northern part of the city of Tampico. It serves routes to Mexican cities, mainly Mexico City and Monterrey, and also has international services, with daily flights to Houston, Texas.


title: Tampico

text: The city also has excellent railway facilities serving the port, which is well-developed with warehouses and equipment for loading oil tankers. Major roads connect to the Pan-American Highway.


title: Tampico

text: Tampico is known for its food. Seafood is important in the city. The locals are informally known as "Jaibas" (crabs), and the crab emblem is seen in many places, from sports logos to the sides of buses to park benches. There are also typical dishes of the area, mainly the "torta de la barda" which is a sandwich that contains over 12 toppings, and the famous "tampiquena" which is steak with refried beans and "entomatadas" (tortillas with tomato sauce and cheese).


title: Tampico

text: The Autonomous University of Tamaulipas has one of its two largest campuses in Tampico, the other being in Ciudad Victoria. The major schools of medicine, engineering, nursing, dentistry, architecture, and business are based here.


title: Tampico

text: The local professional football team, Tampico Madero F.C., was founded in 1945 and is also known as "La Jaiba Brava". They currently play in the Ascenso MX, the second tier of the Mexican football league system, and their home stadium has been the 19,415-seat Estadio Tamaulipas since 1966.


title: Tampico

text: In 1953, Tampico Madero was champion of the México Primera División and also won the Campeón de Campeones title. "La Jaiba Brava" won consecutive Copa México titles in 1960 and 1961. The club spent most of the 1960s and 1970s in relegation but returned to the Primera División for the 1977–78 season. They finished runner-up twice in the shortened 1985 and 1986 Primera División tournaments under Chilean manager Carlos Reinoso before being relegated again in the early 1990s.


title: Munda people

text: The Munda people are an Austroasiatic speaking ethnic group of India. They predominantly speak the Mundari language as their native language, which belongs to the Munda subgroup of Austroasiatic languages. The Munda are found mainly concentrated in the south and East Chhotanagpur Plateau region of Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal. The Munda also reside in adjacent areas of Madhya Pradesh as well as in portions of Bangladesh, Nepal, and the state of Tripura. They are one of India's largest scheduled tribes. Munda people in Tripura are also known as Mura.


title: Munda people

text: Munda means headman of village in Munda-Makni system to govern villages in South-east Chotanagpur. They call themselves hodoko or horo means "men".


title: Munda people

text: Robert Parkin notes that the term "Munda" did not belong to the Austroasiatic lexis and is of Sanskrit origin. According to R. R. Prasad, the name "Munda" is a Sanskrit word means "headman". It is an honorific name given by Hindus and hence became a tribal name. According to Standing (1976), It was under British rule, the term Munda started to used for the tribal group.


title: Munda people

text: According to linguist Paul Sidwell, Munda languages arrived on the coast of Odisha from Southeast Asia about 4000–3500 years ago. The Munda people initially spread from Southeast Asia, but mixed extensively with local Indian populations. They are genetically closely related to Mah Meri and Temuan people of Malaysia.


title: Munda people

text: According to historian R. S. Sharma, tribals who spoke the Munda language occupied the eastern region of ancient India. Many Munda terms occur in Vedic texts that were written between 1500 BCE and 500 BCE. Their presence in texts compiled in the upper Gangetic basin late in that period suggests that Munda speakers were there at the time. According to Barbara A. West, the Mundas claim origin in Uttar Pradesh, and a steady flow eastward in history as other groups moved into their original homeland; she suggests they inhabited a "much larger territory" in ancient India. Recent study suggest that Munda languages spread as far as Eastern Uttar Pradesh but not beyond that and impacted Eastern Indo-Aryan languages as some group such as Musahar have munda genetic lineage. The claim of Munda presence in Upper gangetic plain have no linguistic and genetic basis.


title: Munda people

text: In the late 1800s, during the British Raj, the Mundas were forced to pay rents and work as bonded labourers to the zamindars. During Kol uprising in 1823-1833, some Manki Munda revolted due to their dispostion and attacked Thikedars, other Mankis, plundered and destroyed villages. This insurgency was suppresed of Thomas Wilkinson. During 19th century, Munda freedom fighter Birsa Munda began the protest marches calling for non-payment of rents and remission of forest dues. He led guerrilla warfare to uproot British Raj and establish Munda Raj. He caught by Company forces along with his supporters and died in Jail. He is still revered in Jharkhand.


title: Munda people

text: Nomadic hunters in the India tribal belt, they became farmers and some were employed in basketwork. In 1936, During British Period, they were included in list of Scheduled Caste in Bengal. With the listing of the Munda people as Scheduled Tribes, many are employed in various governmental organisations (particularly Indian Railways).


title: Munda people

text: Munda are divided into number of exogamous clans. Clans among Mundas are known as "Killi" which is similar to Sanskrit word "Kula". Munda are patrilineal and clan name descends father to son. According to tradition, people of same clan are descendant of same forefather. Clan among Mundas are of totemic origin. Some clans are:


title: Munda people

text: Involved in agriculture, the Munda people celebrate the seasonal festivals of Mage Parab, Phagu, Karam, Baha parab, Sarhul and Sohrai. Some seasonal festivals have coincided with religious festivals, but their original meaning remains. Their deity is singbonga means Sun god.


title: Munda people

text: They have many folk songs, dances, tales and traditional musical instruments. Both sexes participate in dances at social events and festivals. The naqareh is a principal musical instrument. Munda refer to their dance and song as "durang" and "susun" respectively. Some folk dances of the Munda are "Jadur", "Karam Susun" and "Mage Susun". Mundari music is similar to the music of Sadan. Mundari Mage song (winter) rhythm is similar to the Nagpuri Fagua song (winter, spring) rhythm.


title: Munda people

text: Munda practice clan exogamy and tribal endogamy. Mongamy in norm. Bride price is prevalent. Marriage ceremoy started with Sagai and end with Bidai. Munda enjoy this occasion with feast, drinks and dance. According to Sarat Chandra Roy, Sindurdaan ceremony and turmaric use in marriage clearly reflect hindu elements borrowed in munda tradition.


title: Munda people

text: Munda people of Jharkhand also follow the old age tradition of Patthalgari i.e. stone erection in which the tribal community residing in the village buries a large inverted U-shaped dressed headstone on the head side of grave or entrance of village in which is inscribed the family tree of the dead persons. There are some other types of patthalgari also:-


title: Munda people

text: Munda govern their villages by Munda-Makni system. Head of village is called "Munda", The informant of village is called "Dakuwa", village priest called is Deori, assistant of Deori is called "Yatra Deori", head of 15 to 20 villages is called Manki, assistant of Manki is called "Tahshildar" which collected taxes. The priest "Deori" is also prevalent among Hos, Bhumij, Bhuyan, Sounti, Khonds tribe of Odisha and Chutia people of Assam. In Chotanagpur division, Munda have adopted Pahan as their village priest.


title: Munda people

text: In a 2016 research paper on subsistence strategies of Mundas in a village of Sunderbans in West Bengal, it was found that many people migrate out of their residences because of poor economic conditions and landlessness. This rural to urban migration has followed a greater trend within India. Men and women engage in forest product collection, cultivation, small business and agricultural as well as non-agricultural jobs. A person or a family may be engaged in multiple occupations, often undertaking risky visits to the forests and rivers. It was also found that younger generation preferred to engage as migrant workers outside the village and often outside the district and the state.


title: Munda people

text: Jesuit priest John-Baptist Hoffmann (1857–1928) studied the language, customs, religion and life of the Munda people, publishing the first Mundari language grammar in 1903. With the help of Menas Orea, Hoffmann published the 15-volume "Encyclopaedia Mundarica". The first edition was published posthumously in 1937, and a third edition was published in 1976. "The Mundas and Their Country", by S. C. Roy, was published in 1912. "Adidharam" (Hindi:आदि धर्म) by Ram Dayal Munda and Ratan Singh Manki, in Mundari with a Hindi translation, describes Munda rituals and customs.


title: Munda people

text: According to genetic study on the Indian population in 2007, Mundari speaking people of East India carry around 55% Haplogroup O, 25.4% halpogroup H, 4.9% Haplogroup R2, 4.4% Haplogroup J and 3.3% Haplogroup F.


title: Kristina Pimenova

text: Kristina Ruslanovna Pimenova (; born 27 December 2005) is a Russian model living in the United States.


title: Kristina Pimenova

text: Pimenova's parents are former footballer Ruslan Pimenov and former model Glikeriya Shirokova. Pimenova has an elder half-sister. Pimenova started working as a child model before her fourth birthday, after her mother sent photographs to the agency President Kids. Pimenova has worked for brands including Armani, Benetton, Burberry, and Roberto Cavalli.


title: Kristina Pimenova

text: In Moscow, Pimenova practiced rhythmic gymnastics, under Olga Kapranova. In 2013, she competed in a gymnastics tournament in Tatarstan organized by Alina Kabaeva, winning a gold medal in her age group.


title: Kristina Pimenova

text: Later in 2015, Pimenova moved to California with her mother. A documentary about Pimenova aired on RTL Television in October 2016.


title: Kristina Pimenova

text: Pimenova played a post-production part as a singing child in the Italian fantasy film "". In an interview for "Posh Kids Magazine", she expressed her wish to become a professional actress and film director. She was subsequently cast for the role of Dasha in Michael S. Ojeda's horror thriller "The Russian Bride", co-starring with Corbin Bernsen and Oksana Orlan.


title: Kristina Pimenova

text: When Pimenova's mother managed her social media accounts, there was some criticism of the content as an example of sexualisation of an under-age model. Her mother disagreed, maintaining that all the photos were perfectly innocent and "you must think like a pedophile in order to see something sexual in these pictures".


title: Yushin Okami

text: As an amateur, Okami fought in the pre-PRIDE 4 tournament, defeating two opponents before submitting Yuuki Tsutsui in the finals via triangle choke to win the tournament. He began his professional career in 2002, fighting in the GCM promotion and Pancrase, as well as making an appearance at , amassing a professional record of 7–0. In 2003, he competed in the ADCC Submission Wrestling World Championship, but was defeated by Matt Lindland. Also in 2003, he suffered his first professional MMA loss to Amar Suloev.


title: Yushin Okami

text: Okami continued fighting in multiple promotions before arriving at Rumble on the Rock, where he entered a 175 lb tournament. Anderson Silva, Frank Trigg, Carlos Condit, and Jake Shields also competed in the tournament. In the opening round, Okami fought the future UFC Middleweight Champion Anderson Silva. Silva controlled the fight on the feet before Okami secured a takedown. Okami landed a few blows from top position before Silva landed an illegal upkick to Okami's chin while both fighters were grounded, and Silva was in the guard position. Okami's knees were on the ground at the time, making the attack an illegal strike to the head of a downed opponent. Silva later said that the rule had not been properly explained to him before the bout. "When I fought Okami, the rules really weren't explained to me properly in the event I was fighting in," said Silva. "You could kick a downed opponent to the groin or to the head when your back's on the ground. So the rules weren't explained to me properly." Referee Troy Mandaloniz held Silva back and gave the wobbled Okami time to recover. Okami could not recover, and the fight was declared a disqualification victory for Okami. Silva responded by asserting he "felt it was a cheap, cowardly way of winning," and that "people that were there saw that he was in the condition to come back and keep fighting, and he didn't." Moving on to the next round, Okami faced the future EliteXC welterweight and Strikeforce Middleweight Champion Jake Shields, a tournament favorite. Okami lost a hard-fought majority decision to Shields, who went on to win the tournament.


title: Yushin Okami

text: By 2006, Okami had amassed a record of 17–3 and was the third-ranked Pancrase Middleweight fighter. He signed with the UFC and made his debut in the organization on the undercard of UFC 62, defeating Alan Belcher by unanimous decision. He followed up less than two months later with a bout against Kalib Starnes at "UFC 64". He defeated Starnes by TKO due to strikes in the third round. Okami then signed on to make his third appearance in four months at UFC 66. His original opponent was to be David Terrell, but Terrell withdrew due to an elbow injury and was replaced by Rory Singer. Okami defeated Singer by submission due to strikes late in the third round.


title: Yushin Okami

text: After three victories in the UFC, Okami made his main card and broadcast debut at UFC 69 against Mike Swick, who was riding a five-fight win streak in the UFC at the time. Okami won the bout via unanimous decision. Okami then participated in the 2007 ADCC Submission Wrestling World Championship in the 87 kg (191 lb) division, but lost to eventual division winner Demian Maia. In the UFC, however, Okami was riding a four-fight win streak. In his next bout, he faced former UFC Middleweight Champion Rich Franklin at UFC 72 for the position of the #1 contender in the middleweight division. Franklin controlled the first two rounds, but Okami nearly sunk in a kimura in the third. Ultimately, all three judges scored the bout 29–28 in Franklin's favor.


title: Yushin Okami

text: Okami next faced Jason MacDonald at UFC 77. MacDonald had also defeated Singer and lost to Franklin in his two previous bouts. Though Dana White said that the winner might earn a title shot, the fight was placed on the undercard, possibly due to the fighters' lack of fan support. Okami dominated the fight with superior stand-up, takedown defense, and ground control en route to a unanimous decision victory.


title: Yushin Okami

text: Okami next faced former UFC Middleweight Champion Evan Tanner in Tanner's first fight in two years. The fight occurred at UFC 82 on March 1, 2008, in Columbus, Ohio. After dropping Tanner with a straight left in round 1, Okami landed a knee in the Muay Thai clinch position that knocked out Tanner 3 minutes into round 2.


title: Yushin Okami

text: Okami was scheduled for a rematch with Anderson Silva for the Middleweight Championship at UFC 90, but he was forced to drop out of the bout due to a broken hand. Patrick Côté was chosen to replace him. After his recovery, Okami faced 2003 ADCC Absolute Division gold medalist Dean Lister at UFC 92 and earned a unanimous decision. Lister made frequent attempts to pull guard and take Okami down to the ground, but was not able to secure any submissions. The bout was considered tedious by spectators, but Okami was victorious. Okami was next scheduled to return at UFC 98 against Dan Miller, but suffered a torn ligament and was not able to compete.


title: Yushin Okami

text: Okami was next scheduled to return at UFC 104 against Chael Sonnen. Okami lost to Sonnen via unanimous decision (30–27, 30–27, 30–27). After the fight, Okami trained at Team Quest with Sonnen for one month before returning to Japan. Sonnen stated in an interview “I want to say hello to my brother, Yushin through this interview. I am saddened that he returned to Japan – it feels like I parted with a close friend. Though Yushin lost against me, he came forward and asked to train with me: Is this a Japanese thing? It is admirable that he tried to learn from an opponent who defeated him. While at Team Quest in Portland, he thoroughly handled me during training. I was lucky that I managed to defeat him in our fight. I probably won’t agree to a rematch with him (laughs). The one fighter whom I never want to fight again – that is Yushin Okami.”


title: Yushin Okami

text: Okami defeated Lucio Linhares via TKO doctor stoppage at UFC Fight Night 21. In his fight with Linhares, Okami showcased much improved striking skills which led to the stoppage.


title: Yushin Okami

text: On August 1, 2010, Okami defeated Mark Muñoz via split decision in the co-main event at . Okami was able to stuff most of Muñoz's takedowns and kept the fight standing where he showed superior striking, stunning Muñoz in the third round with a straight right counter.


title: Yushin Okami

text: Okami was expected to face Vitor Belfort on November 13, 2010, at UFC 122, with the winner facing Anderson Silva for the UFC Middleweight Championship. Belfort was then pulled from the fight, and Nate Marquardt was tapped to make a quick return to face Okami. Okami was able to control the center of the octagon and dictate the pace of the fight en route to a unanimous decision victory in what was a closely contested bout.


title: Yushin Okami

text: Okami faced Anderson Silva at UFC 134 on August 27, 2011, for the UFC Middleweight Championship. In this match, Okami was rocked badly by a headkick in the first round. In the second round, Okami was dropped by a straight-right and then dropped again this time by a right hook. He was finished and defeated via TKO in the second round.


title: Yushin Okami

text: Okami next faced Tim Boetsch on February 26, 2012, at UFC 144. While Okami dominated the first two rounds, Boetsch claimed one of the biggest upsets of 2012 in Okami's home country in a brutal flurry of uppercuts from the clinch that left Okami losing in a devastating TKO comeback win for Boetsch in the final frame.


title: Yushin Okami

text: Okami was expected to face Luiz Cane on August 11, 2012, at UFC 150. However, Cane was forced out of the bout with an injury and replaced by Rousimar Palhares. Palhares was also injured and replaced by Buddy Roberts. Okami won the fight via TKO in the second round.


title: Yushin Okami

text: A rematch with Alan Belcher took place on December 29, 2012, at UFC 155. Okami won via unanimous decision for the second time.


title: Yushin Okami

text: Okami next faced former Bellator Middleweight Champion Hector Lombard at on March 3, 2013. Okami won the bout via split decision.


title: Yushin Okami

text: Okami faced Ronaldo Souza on September 4, 2013, at UFC Fight Night 28. He lost the fight via KO in the first round. Souza came out and rocked Okami, then shoved him in to the cage while throwing flurries of punches. Okami got back to the center of the cage, but Souza quickly hunted him down and unleashed a devastating overhand right dropping Okami. Then, he proceeded to finish the fight with brutal ground and pound.


title: Yushin Okami

text: Despite being ranked as a top 10 Middleweight by most sources, Okami was released by the UFC on September 27, 2013. When asked via Twitter why he released Okami, UFC President Dana White remarked "Our roster is packed." When asked by Yahoo Sports why he was releasing a highly ranked fighter who had won three of his last four bouts, White responded: "He was always a tough guy and was right up there, but it's almost like he'd become a gatekeeper. I like Okami, and you've heard me say this many times, that a win over Yushin Okami meant something ... But he was never able to get over the hump and win one of those [significant] fights. We have a lot of guys coming in and I've been saying this all year: We have a full roster and there are guys who deserve opportunities. When you bring guys in, someone has to go. That's why these fights are so meaningful."


title: Yushin Okami

text: On October 13, 2013, it was announced that Okami had signed with World Series of Fighting. He made his WSOF debut at WSOF 9, on March 29, 2014, against . He won via arm triangle choke submission in the second round.


title: Yushin Okami

text: In his second fight for the promotion, Okami faced David Branch for the WSOF middleweight championship at on November 15, 2014. He lost the fight via TKO in the fourth round.


title: Yushin Okami

text: Okami was scheduled to face Ryan Ford in the main event of WSOF 21 on June 5, 2015. However, Ford announced that he had to pull out of the fight with Okami due to an injury. On July 30, 2015, it was announced that Okami would be moving down to the welterweight division and facing Jon Fitch on October 17, 2015, at . Okami lost the fight by unanimous decision.


title: Yushin Okami

text: On September 13, 2016, it was announced that Okami would be facing Paul Bradley on December 31, 2016, at . He won the back-and-forth fight by split decision.


title: Yushin Okami

text: Once the World Series of Fighting was transformed into the Professional Fighters League, Okami was booked for the new promotion's second fight card. For his first fight with the promotion (technically his fifth fight under the promotion's management), he fought Andre Lobato. After three rounds, Okami defeated Lobato by unanimous decision.


title: Yushin Okami

text: Okami replaced Maurício Rua against Ovince Saint Preux in a Light Heavyweight bout on September 23, 2017, at . Despite less than a week notice, Okami had stated he was preparing for a potential fight at Middleweight, but jumped on the opportunity for another shot with the UFC. He lost the fight via submission in round one.


title: Yushin Okami

text: Okami faced Dhiego Lima in a welterweight bout on April 14, 2018, at UFC on Fox 29. He won the fight by unanimous decision.


title: Yushin Okami

text: Okami faced Alexey Kunchenko on December 2, 2018, at UFC Fight Night 142. He lost the fight via unanimous decision.


title: Yushin Okami

text: On February 20, 2019, it was reported that Okami was signed by ONE Championship. Okami is expected to co-headline against Kiamrian Abbasov on May 4, 2019. Okami lost his debut fight via second-round TKO.


title: Yushin Okami

text: Okami was scheduled to make his return against Leandro Ataides at on January 14, 2022. The bout was scrapped for unknown reasons.


title: Yushin Okami

text: After over three years of inactivity, Okami was scheduled to face former ONE Middleweight and Light Heavyweight World Champion Aung La Nsang at on November 19, 2022. However, the bout was postponed to ONE 163 for undisclosed reasons. He lost the fight via technical knockout in the first round.


title: Yushin Okami

text: Okami’s likeness was used as an inspiration to design the Titan form of Eren Jaeger from Hajime Isayama's manga/anime series "Attack on Titan".