title: Dante Bichette

text: Bichette attended Jupiter High School in Jupiter, Florida, and Palm Beach Community College. The California Angels drafted Bichette in the 17th round of the 1984 Major League Baseball draft.


title: Dante Bichette

text: Bichette made his MLB debut with the Angels in 1988, but was a streaky hitter and was traded to the Milwaukee Brewers in exchange for Dave Parker in 1991. After putting up only average numbers with Milwaukee, he was traded to the new expansion team, the Colorado Rockies. On April 7, 1993, he hit the first home-run in Rockies history, a solo shot off New York Mets pitcher Bret Saberhagen. Bichette was part of the "Blake Street Bombers" which also included sluggers Larry Walker, Andrés Galarraga, and Vinny Castilla.


title: Dante Bichette

text: He finished the Rockies' first season with 21 home runs and a .310 batting average, his personal best for both at the time. Bichette also hit his first home run at the newly constructed Coors Field, a 14th-inning smash against the Mets that secured an opening day victory for the Rockies in 1995. Bichette had his best season in 1995, coming very close to the Triple Crown with a .340 batting average, 40 home runs and 128 RBIs and barely lost the MVP voting to the Cincinnati Reds' Barry Larkin.


title: Dante Bichette

text: Bichette, tall and weighed , began having knee problems in 1996, but was still successful as a hitter, with a .316 average, 31 home runs and 141 RBIs, plus 31 stolen bases. The 1996 season was only the second time ever that two players on the same team hit at least 30 home runs and collected 30 stolen bases, as Ellis Burks accomplished the same feat. Over the next three seasons, Bichette hit 26, 22 and 34 home runs for the Rockies. He remains in the top ten in many offensive categories for the Rockies.


title: Dante Bichette

text: On April 4, 1999, the Rockies made history as they played their Opening Day contest at Estadio de Béisbol Monterrey in Monterrey, Mexico, marking the first time Major League Baseball (MLB) commenced the regular season outside of the United States or Canada. Their opponent was the defending National League champion San Diego Padres. Bichette collected four hits, drove in four runs, and homered as Colorado won 8–2.


title: Dante Bichette

text: By the end of the 1999 season, his production was beginning to drop and the Rockies dealt Bichette to the Cincinnati Reds. However, his fielding was suffering tremendously and Bichette was eventually traded to the Boston Red Sox for a season and a half and then the Los Angeles Dodgers. Bichette retired before ever playing a game with the Dodgers, on March 22, 2002.


title: Dante Bichette

text: In August 2004, Bichette rejoined professional baseball as a designated hitter, pitcher and occasional outfielder for the Atlantic League's Nashua Pride. Bichette won the Atlantic League's Player of the Month award for August (his first full month back). He completed the month with a .361 average and 13 homers. On August 28, he batted 4-for-5 with two home runs and eight RBIs.


title: Dante Bichette

text: On November 13, 2012, Bichette was hired to be the Colorado Rockies hitting coach, replacing Carney Lansford. He announced on September 24, 2013 that he would not return for the 2014 season.


title: Dante Bichette

text: On July 24, 2020, it was confirmed during the opening game of the Toronto Blue Jays season that Bichette had been added to the Jays coaching staff full-time after the summer camp.


title: Dante Bichette

text: On February 4, 2021, it was announced that Bichette would be re-assigned as a "Special Assistant" within the Blue Jays' organization "to continue to have an impact throughout multiple levels of the organization." On February 9, 2022, Bichette left his position with the Blue Jays so he could train with his son, Bo. Due to the ongoing 2021-22 Major League Baseball lockout, Bichette had been unable to train with Bo and prioritized family over his position.


title: Dante Bichette

text: In 1,704 games over 14 seasons, Bichette posted a .299 batting average (1906-for-6381) with 934 runs, 401 doubles, 27 triples, 274 home runs, 1141 RBI, 152 stolen bases, 355 base on balls, .336 on-base percentage and .499 slugging percentage. He recorded a .974 fielding percentage playing at all three outfield positions. In his only postseason appearance, in the 1995 NLDS, he hit .588 (10-for-17) with 6 runs, 3 doubles, 1 home run and 3 RBI.


title: Dante Bichette

text: In August 2005, Bichette's oldest son Dante Jr., participated in the Little League World Series with his Maitland, Florida team. Dante Jr. was drafted 51st overall by the New York Yankees in 2011. Bichette's younger son, Bo, was selected by the Toronto Blue Jays in the 2016 draft, and made his MLB debut on July 29, 2019. Both Bo and Dante, Jr. played for Brazil in the 2017 World Baseball Classic qualifier tournament; their mother Mariana is a native of Porto Alegre, Brazil (their maternal grandfather is a native of China who immigrated to Brazil).


title: Diana Turbay

text: Diana Consuelo Turbay Quintero (March 9, 1950 – January 25, 1991) was a Colombian journalist kidnapped by the Medellín Cartel and killed by the Colombia National Police during a botched rescue attempt. Her story has been portrayed in a non-fiction book by Gabriel García Márquez and onscreen.


title: Diana Turbay

text: Diana Turbay was born on March 9, 1951, in Bogotá to Julio César Turbay Ayala, who would later be the 25th president of the Republic of Colombia (1978–1982) and Nydia Quintero Turbay. Her father was her mother's maternal uncle. The Turbay family were originally from Lebanon and her family still belong to, and frequent, the Club Colombo Libanes, a private social club of prominent Lebanese-Colombians.


title: Diana Turbay

text: Turbay was kidnapped on August 30, 1990, when she was tricked into going to a supposed interview with a guerrilla leader, the Spanish priest Manuel Pérez Martínez, alias El Cura Pérez (The Priest Pérez). Turbay had been contacted by phone by an unidentified man. Later, a police investigation determined that the man belonged to Los Priscos, a criminal band, and had been hired by Pablo Escobar. The latter's aim was to kidnap as many politicians and journalists as possible, to prevent Colombian legislators from approving an extradition treaty with the United States. Additional victims of this strategy were Francisco Santos Calderón, Maruja Pachón, and Marina Montoya.


title: Diana Turbay

text: Turbay was kept at Copacabana, Antioquia, with her cameraman Richard Becerra. She died on January 25, 1991, during a botched rescue operation launched by the police without authorization from the family. The cause of death was a bullet in her back, which partially destroyed her liver and left kidney.


title: Diana Turbay

text: Turbay was survived by her two children, María Carolina Hoyos Turbay (born 1972) and Miguel Uribe Turbay (born 1986), and her husband, Miguel Uribe Londoño.


title: Diana Turbay

text: The story of Turbay's abduction is recounted in Gabriel Garcia Márquez's non-fiction book, "News of a Kidnapping" (1996).


title: Diana Turbay

text: Turbay is portrayed by Majida Issa in the Amazon Prime Videoseries “Noticia de un Secuestro’’ (2022).


title: It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (season 13)

text: The thirteenth season of the American comedy television series "It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia" premiered on FXX on September 5, 2018. The season consists of 10 episodes and concluded on November 7, 2018.


text: On April 1, 2016, the series was renewed for a thirteenth and fourteenth season, which tied it with "The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet" as the longest-running (in number of seasons) live-action sitcom in American TV history.


text: In March 2017, following the twelfth season finale in which Glenn Howerton's character was seemingly written off the show, Howerton expressed doubt about his return for the thirteenth season, describing it as "partially a creative and personal decision." He also suggested that the show would take an "extended hiatus" in order to accommodate the cast's other projects. In late April, Kaitlin Olson confirmed "Sunny"s extended hiatus ahead of the thirteenth season due to the cast's busy schedules. In August 2018, Rob McElhenney confirmed that Howerton is "in pretty much every episode" of the season. Howerton appeared in six of the season's ten episodes, but had no writing credits.


text: The thirteenth season received positive reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has an approval rating of 94% with an average score of 8/10 based on 18 reviews. The site's critical consensus reads, ""It's Always Sunny"s winning formula keeps the laughs rolling and the stomachs turning in a thirteenth season that's topical, triumphant, and toxic in the best way." The finale in particular received praise, with many critics lauding the unexpected emotional and artistic depth of Rob McElhenney's performance.


title: Neural crest

text: Neural crest cells are a temporary group of cells unique to vertebrates that arise from the embryonic ectoderm germ layer, and in turn give rise to a diverse cell lineage—including melanocytes, craniofacial cartilage and bone, smooth muscle, peripheral and enteric neurons and glia.


title: Neural crest

text: After gastrulation, neural crest cells are specified at the border of the neural plate and the non-neural ectoderm. During neurulation, the borders of the neural plate, also known as the neural folds, converge at the dorsal midline to form the neural tube. Subsequently, neural crest cells from the roof plate of the neural tube undergo an epithelial to mesenchymal transition, delaminating from the neuroepithelium and migrating through the periphery where they differentiate into varied cell types. The emergence of neural crest was important in vertebrate evolution because many of its structural derivatives are defining features of the vertebrate clade.


title: Neural crest

text: Underlying the development of neural crest is a gene regulatory network, described as a set of interacting signals, transcription factors, and downstream effector genes that confer cell characteristics such as multipotency and migratory capabilities. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of neural crest formation is important for our knowledge of human disease because of its contributions to multiple cell lineages. Abnormalities in neural crest development cause neurocristopathies, which include conditions such as frontonasal dysplasia, Waardenburg–Shah syndrome, and DiGeorge syndrome.


title: Neural crest

text: Therefore, defining the mechanisms of neural crest development may reveal key insights into vertebrate evolution and neurocristopathies.


title: Neural crest

text: Neural crest was first described in the chick embryo by Wilhelm His Sr. in 1868 as "the cord in between" (Zwischenstrang) because of its origin between the neural plate and non-neural ectoderm. He named the tissue ganglionic crest since its final destination was each lateral side of the neural tube where it differentiated into spinal ganglia. During the first half of the 20th century the majority of research on neural crest was done using amphibian embryos which was reviewed by Hörstadius (1950) in a well known monograph.


title: Neural crest

text: Cell labeling techniques advanced the field of neural crest because they allowed researchers to visualize the migration of the tissue throughout the developing embryos. In the 1960s Weston and Chibon utilized radioisotopic labeling of the nucleus with tritiated thymidine in chick and amphibian embryo respectively. However, this method suffers from drawbacks of stability, since every time the labeled cell divides the signal is diluted. Modern cell labeling techniques such as rhodamine-lysinated dextran and the vital dye diI have also been developed to transiently mark neural crest lineages.


title: Neural crest

text: The quail-chick marking system, devised by Nicole Le Douarin in 1969, was another instrumental technique used to track neural crest cells. Chimeras, generated through transplantation, enabled researchers to distinguish neural crest cells of one species from the surrounding tissue of another species. With this technique, generations of scientists were able to reliably mark and study the ontogeny of neural crest cells.


title: Neural crest

text: A molecular cascade of events is involved in establishing the migratory and multipotent characteristics of neural crest cells. This gene regulatory network can be subdivided into the following four sub-networks described below.


title: Neural crest

text: First, extracellular signaling molecules, secreted from the adjacent epidermis and underlying mesoderm such as Wnts, BMPs and Fgfs separate the non-neural ectoderm (epidermis) from the neural plate during neural induction.


title: Neural crest

text: Wnt signaling has been demonstrated in neural crest induction in several species through gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments. In coherence with this observation, the promoter region of slug (a neural crest specific gene) contains a binding site for transcription factors involved in the activation of Wnt-dependent target genes, suggestive of a direct role of Wnt signaling in neural crest specification.


title: Neural crest

text: The current role of BMP in neural crest formation is associated with the induction of the neural plate. BMP antagonists diffusing from the ectoderm generates a gradient of BMP activity. In this manner, the neural crest lineage forms from intermediate levels of BMP signaling required for the development of the neural plate (low BMP) and epidermis (high BMP).


title: Neural crest

text: Fgf from the paraxial mesoderm has been suggested as a source of neural crest inductive signal. Researchers have demonstrated that the expression of dominate-negative Fgf receptor in ectoderm explants blocks neural crest induction when recombined with paraxial mesoderm. The understanding of the role of BMP, Wnt, and Fgf pathways on neural crest specifier expression remains incomplete.


title: Neural crest

text: Signaling events that establish the neural plate border lead to the expression of a set of transcription factors delineated here as neural plate border specifiers. These molecules include Zic factors, Pax3/7, Dlx5, Msx1/2 which may mediate the influence of Wnts, BMPs, and Fgfs. These genes are expressed broadly at the neural plate border region and precede the expression of bona fide neural crest markers.


title: Neural crest

text: Experimental evidence places these transcription factors upstream of neural crest specifiers. For example, in "Xenopus" Msx1 is necessary and sufficient for the expression of Slug, Snail, and FoxD3. Furthermore, Pax3 is essential for FoxD3 expression in mouse embryos.


title: Neural crest

text: Following the expression of neural plate border specifiers is a collection of genes including Slug/Snail, FoxD3, Sox10, Sox9, AP-2 and c-Myc. This suite of genes, designated here as neural crest specifiers, are activated in emergent neural crest cells. At least in Xenopus, every neural crest specifier is necessary and/or sufficient for the expression of all other specifiers, demonstrating the existence of extensive cross-regulation. Moreover, this model organism was instrumental in the elucidation of the role of the Hedgehog signaling pathway in the specification of the neural crest, with the transcription factor Gli2 playing a key role.


title: Neural crest

text: Outside of the tightly regulated network of neural crest specifiers are two other transcription factors Twist and Id. Twist, a bHLH transcription factor, is required for mesenchyme differentiation of the pharyngeal arch structures. Id is a direct target of c-Myc and is known to be important for the maintenance of neural crest stem cells.


title: Neural crest

text: Finally, neural crest specifiers turn on the expression of effector genes, which confer certain properties such as migration and multipotency. Two neural crest effectors, "Rho GTPases" and "cadherins", function in delamination by regulating cell morphology and adhesive properties. Sox9 and Sox10 regulate neural crest differentiation by activating many cell-type-specific effectors including Mitf, P0, Cx32, Trp and cKit.


title: Neural crest

text: The migration of neural crest cells involves a highly coordinated cascade of events that begins with closure of the dorsal neural tube.


title: Neural crest

text: After fusion of the neural fold to create the neural tube, cells originally located in the neural plate border become neural crest cells. For migration to begin, neural crest cells must undergo a process called delamination that involves a full or partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Delamination is defined as the separation of tissue into different populations, in this case neural crest cells separating from the surrounding tissue. Conversely, EMT is a series of events coordinating a change from an epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype. For example, delamination in chick embryos is triggered by a BMP/Wnt cascade that induces the expression of EMT promoting transcription factors such as SNAI2 and FoxD3. Although all neural crest cells undergo EMT, the timing of delamination occurs at different stages in different organisms: in "Xenopus laevis" embryos there is a massive delamination that occurs when the neural plate is not entirely fused, whereas delamination in the chick embryo occurs during fusion of the neural fold.


title: Neural crest

text: Prior to delamination, presumptive neural crest cells are initially anchored to neighboring cells by tight junction proteins such as occludin and cell adhesion molecules such as NCAM and N"-"Cadherin. Dorsally expressed BMPs initiate delamination by inducing the expression of the zinc finger protein transcription factors snail, slug, and twist. These factors play a direct role in inducing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition by reducing expression of occludin and N-Cadherin in addition to promoting modification of NCAMs with polysialic acid residues to decrease adhesiveness. Neural crest cells also begin expressing proteases capable of degrading cadherins such as ADAM10 and secreting matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that degrade the overlying basal lamina of the neural tube to allow neural crest cells to escape. Additionally, neural crest cells begin expressing integrins that associate with extracellular matrix proteins, including collagen, fibronectin, and laminin, during migration. Once the basal lamina becomes permeable the neural crest cells can begin migrating throughout the embryo.


title: Neural crest

text: Neural crest cell migration occurs in a rostral to caudal direction without the need of a neuronal scaffold such as along a radial glial cell. For this reason the crest cell migration process is termed “free migration”. Instead of scaffolding on progenitor cells, neural crest migration is the result of repulsive guidance via EphB/EphrinB and semaphorin/neuropilin signaling, interactions with the extracellular matrix, and contact inhibition with one another. While Ephrin and Eph proteins have the capacity to undergo bi-directional signaling, neural crest cell repulsion employs predominantly forward signaling to initiate a response within the receptor bearing neural crest cell. Burgeoning neural crest cells express EphB, a receptor tyrosine kinase, which binds the EphrinB transmembrane ligand expressed in the caudal half of each somite. When these two domains interact it causes receptor tyrosine phosphorylation, activation of rhoGTPases, and eventual cytoskeletal rearrangements within the crest cells inducing them to repel. This phenomenon allows neural crest cells to funnel through the rostral portion of each somite.


title: Neural crest

text: Semaphorin-neuropilin repulsive signaling works synergistically with EphB signaling to guide neural crest cells down the rostral half of somites in mice. In chick embryos, semaphorin acts in the cephalic region to guide neural crest cells through the pharyngeal arches. On top of repulsive repulsive signaling, neural crest cells express β1and α4 integrins which allows for binding and guided interaction with collagen, laminin, and fibronectin of the extracellular matrix as they travel. Additionally, crest cells have intrinsic contact inhibition with one another while freely invading tissues of different origin such as mesoderm. Neural crest cells that migrate through the rostral half of somites differentiate into sensory and sympathetic neurons of the peripheral nervous system. The other main route neural crest cells take is dorsolaterally between the epidermis and the dermamyotome. Cells migrating through this path differentiate into pigment cells of the dermis. Further neural crest cell differentiation and specification into their final cell type is biased by their spatiotemporal subjection to morphogenic cues such as BMP, Wnt, FGF, Hox, and Notch.


title: Neural crest

text: Neurocristopathies result from the abnormal specification, migration, differentiation or death of neural crest cells throughout embryonic development. This group of diseases comprises a wide spectrum of congenital malformations affecting many newborns. Additionally, they arise because of genetic defects affecting the formation of neural crest and because of the action of Teratogens


title: Neural crest

text: Waardenburg's syndrome is a neurocristopathy that results from defective neural crest cell migration. The condition's main characteristics include piebaldism and congenital deafness. In the case of piebaldism, the colorless skin areas are caused by a total absence of neural crest-derived pigment-producing melanocytes. There are four different types of Waardenburg's syndrome, each with distinct genetic and physiological features. Types I and II are distinguished based on whether or not family members of the affected individual have dystopia canthorum. Type III gives rise to upper limb abnormalities. Lastly, type IV is also known as Waardenburg-Shah syndrome, and afflicted individuals display both Waardenburg's syndrome and Hirschsprung's disease. Types I and III are inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, while II and IV exhibit an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. Overall, Waardenburg's syndrome is rare, with an incidence of ~ 2/100,000 people in the United States. All races and sexes are equally affected. There is no current cure or treatment for Waardenburg's syndrome.


title: Neural crest

text: Also implicated in defects related to neural crest cell development and migration is Hirschsprung's disease (HD or HSCR), characterized by a lack of innervation in regions of the intestine. This lack of innervation can lead to further physiological abnormalities like an enlarged colon (megacolon), obstruction of the bowels, or even slowed growth. In healthy development, neural crest cells migrate into the gut and form the enteric ganglia. Genes playing a role in the healthy migration of these neural crest cells to the gut include RET, GDNF, GFRα, EDN3, and EDNRB. RET, a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), forms a complex with GDNF and GFRα. EDN3 and EDNRB are then implicated in the same signaling network. When this signaling is disrupted in mice, aganglionosis, or the lack of these enteric ganglia occurs.


title: Neural crest

text: Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is among the most common causes of developmental defects. Depending on the extent of the exposure and the severity of the resulting abnormalities, patients are diagnosed within a continuum of disorders broadly labeled Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). Severe FASD can impair neural crest migration, as evidenced by characteristic craniofacial abnormalities including short palpebral fissures, an elongated upper lip, and a smoothened philtrum. However, due to the promiscuous nature of ethanol binding, the mechanisms by which these abnormalities arise is still unclear. Cell culture explants of neural crest cells as well as in vivo developing zebrafish embryos exposed to ethanol show a decreased number of migratory cells and decreased distances travelled by migrating neural crest cells. The mechanisms behind these changes are not well understood, but evidence suggests PAE can increase apoptosis due to increased cytosolic calcium levels caused by IP3-mediated release of calcium from intracellular stores. It has also been proposed that the decreased viability of ethanol-exposed neural crest cells is caused by increased oxidative stress. Despite these, and other advances much remains to be discovered about how ethanol affects neural crest development. For example, it appears that ethanol differentially affects certain neural crest cells over others; that is, while craniofacial abnormalities are common in PAE, neural crest-derived pigment cells appear to be minimally affected.


title: Neural crest

text: DiGeorge syndrome is associated with deletions or translocations of a small segment in the human chromosome 22. This deletion may disrupt rostral neural crest cell migration or development. Some defects observed are linked to the pharyngeal pouch system, which receives contribution from rostral migratory crest cells. The symptoms of DiGeorge syndrome include congenital heart defects, facial defects, and some neurological and learning disabilities. Patients with 22q11 deletions have also been reported to have higher incidence of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.


title: Neural crest

text: Treacher Collins Syndrome (TCS) results from the compromised development of the first and second pharyngeal arches during the early embryonic stage, which ultimately leads to mid and lower face abnormalities. TCS is caused by the missense mutation of the TCOF1 gene, which causes neural crest cells to undergo apoptosis during embryogenesis. Although mutations of the TCOF1 gene are among the best characterized in their role in TCS, mutations in POLR1C and POLR1D genes have also been linked to the pathogenesis of TCS.


title: Neural crest

text: Neural crest cells originating from different positions along the anterior-posterior axis develop into various tissues. These regions of neural crest can be divided into four main functional domains, which include the cranial neural crest, trunk neural crest, vagal and sacral neural crest, and cardiac neural crest.


title: Neural crest

text: Cranial neural crest migrates dorsolaterally to form the craniofacial mesenchyme that differentiates into various cranial ganglia and craniofacial cartilages and bones. These cells enter the pharyngeal pouches and arches where they contribute to the thymus, bones of the middle ear and jaw and the odontoblasts of the tooth primordia.


title: Neural crest

text: Trunk neural crest gives rise two populations of cells. One group of cells fated to become melanocytes migrates dorsolaterally into the ectoderm towards the ventral midline. A second group of cells migrates ventrolaterally through the anterior portion of each sclerotome. The cells that stay in the sclerotome form the dorsal root ganglia, whereas those that continue more ventrally form the sympathetic ganglia, adrenal medulla, and the nerves surrounding the aorta.


title: Neural crest

text: The vagal and sacral neural crest cells develop into the ganglia of the enteric nervous system and the parasympathetic ganglia.


title: Neural crest

text: Cardiac neural crest develops into melanocytes, cartilage, connective tissue and neurons of some pharyngeal arches. Also, this domain gives rise to regions of the heart such as the musculo-connective tissue of the large arteries, and part of the septum, which divides the pulmonary circulation from the aorta.


title: Neural crest

text: Several structures that distinguish the vertebrates from other chordates are formed from the derivatives of neural crest cells. In their "New head" theory, Gans and Northcut argue that the presence of neural crest was the basis for vertebrate specific features, such as sensory ganglia and cranial skeleton. Furthermore, the appearance of these features was pivotal in vertebrate evolution because it enabled a predatory lifestyle.


title: Neural crest

text: However, considering the neural crest a vertebrate innovation does not mean that it arose "de novo". Instead, new structures often arise through modification of existing developmental regulatory programs. For example, regulatory programs may be changed by the co-option of new upstream regulators or by the employment of new downstream gene targets, thus placing existing networks in a novel context. This idea is supported by in situ hybridization data that shows the conservation of the neural plate border specifiers in protochordates, which suggest that part of the neural crest precursor network was present in a common ancestor to the chordates. In some non-vertebrate chordates such as tunicates a lineage of cells (melanocytes) has been identified, which are similar to neural crest cells in vertebrates. This implies that a rudimentary neural crest existed in a common ancestor of vertebrates and tunicates.


title: Neural crest

text: Ectomesenchyme (also known as mesectoderm): odontoblasts, dental papillae, the chondrocranium (nasal capsule, Meckel's cartilage, scleral ossicles, quadrate, articular, hyoid and columella), tracheal and laryngeal cartilage, the dermatocranium (membranous bones), dorsal fins and the turtle plastron (lower vertebrates), pericytes and smooth muscle of branchial arteries and veins, tendons of ocular and masticatory muscles, connective tissue of head and neck glands (pituitary, salivary, lachrymal, thymus, thyroid) dermis and adipose tissue of calvaria, ventral neck and face


title: Neural crest

text: Sensory neurons and glia of the dorsal root ganglia, cephalic ganglia (VII and in part, V, IX, and X), Rohon-Beard cells, some Merkel cells in the whisker,


title: Neural crest

text: Melanocytes and iris muscle and pigment cells, and even associated with some tumors (such as melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy).


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: Palms Casino Resort is a hotel and casino located near the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, United States. It is owned and operated by the San Manuel Band of Mission Indians. It includes 703 rooms and a casino. It was originally owned by the Maloof family, and was primarily overseen by George Maloof. He purchased the site in 1997, and construction began three years later. The Palms opened on November 15, 2001, with Station Casinos and The Greenspun Corporation as minority owners. It included a casino, restaurants, nightclubs, and a 42-story hotel. The resort catered to local residents and tourists, and also became popular among celebrities and young adults. It has made several television appearances, and was the main setting for the 2002 reality television show "", which contributed to its fame.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: A second hotel structure, the 40-story Fantasy Tower, was opened in 2005. A recording studio was also added, making the Palms the first casino resort to include such a facility. The resort also includes a movie theater, which has hosted several film premieres. A Playboy Club opened in the Fantasy Tower in 2006, becoming the first such club to open in several decades. A music venue, the Pearl Concert Theater, was added in 2007. Palms Place, a high-rise condo hotel, was opened on the property a year later.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: The Palms experienced financial difficulty during the Great Recession, and was sold in 2011, to Texas Pacific Group and Leonard Green & Partners. The Maloof family retained a two-percent interest in the Palms. A $50 million renovation took place in 2012, to help reinvigorate the resort's popularity. Red Rock Resorts, the parent company of Station Casinos, purchased the Palms for $312.5 million in 2016. The company launched a $620 million renovation which included new restaurants and nightclubs, but the changes failed to restore the resort's past prominence.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: The Palms and other Nevada casinos were closed in March 2020, amid the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2021, Red Rock sold the resort for $650 million to the San Manuel Band of Mission Indians, which reopened it on April 27, 2022. Under its new ownership, the Palms is the first Las Vegas resort to have a Native American owner.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: In 1997, George Maloof purchased a property on Flamingo Road, west of the Las Vegas Strip. He paid less than $1 million per acre. At the time, he had no immediate plans for the site. Maloof was the owner of the Fiesta hotel-casino in North Las Vegas. His initial plan was to grow the Fiesta name with a new location on the Flamingo Road site, but he later decided that the property would be better suited for a hybrid locals/tourist resort. The property was initially divided across two parcels, with Wynn Road running between them. In June 1999, work was underway to realign Wynn Road, allowing for construction to eventually begin on a new hotel-casino that Maloof was planning.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: In July 2000, Maloof agreed to sell the Fiesta to Station Casinos. Later that month, Station and The Greenspun Corporation both agreed to purchase a separate six-percent stake in Maloof's upcoming resort. The Maloof family owned the remaining 88 percent. Preliminary work on the property began on July 24, 2000. Two and a half months later, Maloof announced that the resort would be named the Palms. It was scheduled to open on December 12, 2001, initially with 470 rooms, although Maloof planned to eventually expand to 2,000 within 10 years. The project was designed by Jerde Partnership International, based in Los Angeles. KGA Architecture served as the executive architect. When having the Palms designed, Maloof relied on customer feedback that he had received at the Fiesta. High ceilings were added at the Palms to reduce cigarette smoke, and a large number of restrooms were added as well. The casino would also feature an abundance of video poker and loose slot machines, like the Fiesta.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: Perini Building Company was chosen as the general contractor, after working on an expansion of the Fiesta in 1999. An official groundbreaking ceremony was held for the Palms on October 24, 2000. A fire occurred on the lower floors of the hotel tower in April 2001, during construction. The fire, apparently caused by welding, caused $75,000 in minimal damage and would not delay construction. The 42-story hotel tower was topped off on June 7, 2001. It was originally planned as a 40-story building, but the floor count was increased to beat out the nearby Rio hotel, which stood at 41 stories. The project's budget was $265 million, although improvements to a pool and spa courtyard added another $3 million in expenses. The Palms was partially financed with a $55 million credit line, from First Security Bank and Wells Fargo.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: Construction proceeded slightly ahead of schedule. A few days prior to the September 11 attacks, resort officials announced that the Palms would open one month earlier than scheduled, to take advantage of the busy Thanksgiving weekend. After the attacks, Maloof planned to proceed with the opening, despite the potential impact on tourism. The Palms had already hired most of its 2,500 employees. To help promote the opening, Maloof invited high rollers and Hollywood agents to a party at Hugh Hefner's Playboy Mansion, featuring faux gaming tables and images of the resort. The party was aimed at attracting celebrities to the resort. In addition, Maloof mailed offers to Las Vegas residents, hoping to sign up 50,000 members for the new Palms slot club. He also made promotional appearances on local news stations and "The Today Show". The hotel portion would be marketed in Arizona, California, and Maloof's home state of New Mexico. Maloof also planned to promote the resort through his basketball team, the Sacramento Kings. The resort's opening was eagerly anticipated.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: The Palms opened to thousands of invited guests and VIPs on November 15, 2001, at 7:00 p.m. Notable attendees included Pamela Anderson, Matt Dillon, Nevada governor Kenny Guinn, Samuel L. Jackson, Joe Pesci, Tara Reid, Dennis Rodman, Martin Sheen and Charlize Theron. The resort opened to the public at 11:00 p.m.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: Maloof served as the public face for the resort. He planned for the Palms to appeal to the same young demographic as the nearby Hard Rock Hotel. He also hoped that its location, near Interstate 15, would make it appealing to local residents. He considered the Palms close enough to the Strip to attract tourists, but far enough to bring in locals, who generally avoid the Strip. The Palms would also benefit from the nearby Rio and Gold Coast resorts, which were popular among locals.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: Maloof said he wanted to create "the ultimate party hotel in the world". The resort included various restaurants, a nightclub, and a 14-screen movie theater. The property's east side was targeted at tourists, containing the hotel tower, nightclubs, and several restaurants. The west side included locals-oriented amenities, such as a food court and the movie theater. The latter was part of the Brenden Theatres chain. The theater opened shortly after the rest of the resort, on November 21, 2001. It was the first Brenden Theatres location to open in Las Vegas. Michael Morton, the brother of Hard Rock Hotel owner Peter Morton, operated several venues at the Palms, including a nightclub, a steakhouse, and the pool area. They were operated through Morton's company, N9NE Group. The Palms also had of convention space. In subsequent years, the resort would add other features, such as a medical center for employees and the public, and a tattoo parlor by Carey Hart and John Huntington.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: Maloof was satisfied with the Palms' early financial results, although local residents were generally not impressed at first, complaining of issues such as cramped casino aisles and loud music. Maloof managed to attract locals by launching a promotional campaign, introducing more full-pay video poker machines, and removing some machines for more space. During the day, the property was frequented by older local residents, while younger tourists would arrive later in the evening. The resort was popular with nightclub-goers and celebrities.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: By mid-2003, Maloof was planning to eventually add a second hotel tower, due to the strong success of the resort. Later in 2003, the Palms hosted a 50th anniversary celebration for the magazine "Playboy" and renamed a nearby street as Hugh Hefner Drive. A year later, the Palms partnered with "Playboy" to eventually use the magazine's name at the resort.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: In 2004, a pair of identical 26-year-old twins won a resort contest to become Palm Girls. They went on to represent the Palms through television appearances and in printed media, and their faces were later featured on casino chips for the resort.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: Construction of the new hotel tower was underway in 2004, with Whiting-Turner as general contractor. It would eventually open as the Fantasy Tower. It was also designed by Jerde Partnership, and was built south of the original tower. The Fantasy Tower began opening in October 2005, with various suites. The tower officially celebrated its opening in May 2006. The Playboy Club opened in the tower five months later. The Fantasy Tower also added a recording studio for musicians.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: A music venue, the Pearl Concert Theater, was opened in early 2007. By that point, revenue from local residents had dropped from 80 to 65 percent, with tourists becoming more prevalent at the resort. Later in 2007, Richard Branson, wearing a body harness, jumped from the Fantasy Tower in a stunt to promote his Virgin America airline.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: A high-rise condo hotel, known as Palms Place, was opened in 2008. It was the third and final tower to be built on the Palms property. That year, the Palms began to suffer financially due to the economic effects of the Great Recession.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: By 2010, the Palms had accumulated 661 building code violations, which Maloof attributed to significant expansion of the resort over the years. In mid-2010, Maloof reluctantly agreed to have a scent distributed through the casino, in an effort to compete with rivals that were doing the same. However, the scent was discontinued after less than a month, due to negative customer reception.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: In September 2010, N9NE Group sued the Palms after the resort tried to fire Andy Belmonti, a N9NE executive who was responsible for overseeing the company's venues at the property. Belmonti had recently began work on a new restaurant for Morton at the Wynn Las Vegas resort, and the Palms alleged that profits had declined since then, arguing that Belmonti had neglected his duties at the Palms. It was also alleged that N9NE used Palms money to pay off several employee lawsuits, without informing the resort. The Palms countersued and further alleged that Morton had misused resort money and staff for his own purposes, including house parties. The suit also accused Belmonti of carrying out a financial cover-up, and alleged that another executive had escorted underage women into 21-and-up venues at the resort. The Palms and a group of N9NE investors sought to remove Morton and Belmonti, who denied the accusations. Both sides settled in January 2011, with N9NE departing the Palms. The resort would take over operations of the company's former venues there.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: In 2010, Texas Pacific Group (TPG) purchased a portion of the Palms' $380 million bank debt. The Palms began missing loan payments that year, due to poor economic conditions. In January 2011, Maloof was negotiating with TPG and Leonard Green & Partners for the companies to gain a controlling interest in the Palms, after they had acquired most of a Palms loan in 2010. In June 2011, the companies announced a partnership called TPG Opportunity Partners, which would convert the Palms' debt into equity. TPG and Leonard Green would each own a 49-percent share of the resort, while the Maloof family's ownership would be reduced to 2 percent, with the option to eventually purchase up to 20 percent. George Maloof would continue to oversee operations as chairman, and he said that little would change at the property. Station Casinos and Greenspun were no longer involved as minority owners.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: The Nevada Gaming Commission approved the sale in November 2011, and a renovation was planned for the resort. A subdued celebration was held for the Palms' 10th anniversary, honoring its employees and local residents rather than celebrities. In an effort to regain the resort's popularity, a $50 million renovation began in mid-2012, incorporating a modern design by Klai Juba Architects. The resort's average customer now ranged from 30 to 50 years old, and the renovations were designed to reflect this older demographic. The Palms' roadside neon sign had advertised the property as "a Maloof casino resort" since its opening. As part of the renovations, the Maloofs' name was eventually removed from the sign.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: In September 2012, the resort took over ownership of the venues previously overseen by N9NE, including nightclubs. The Palms was subsequently fined $1 million by the Nevada Gaming Commission, after an investigation found that nightclub employees – under N9NE's management – had offered drugs and prostitutes to undercover officers.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: In March 2016, TPG and Leonard Green were considering a sale of the resort. Red Rock Resorts, the parent company of Station Casinos, announced two months later that it would purchase the Palms for $312.5 million. The purchase was finalized in October 2016, and the company began making changes to the resort. In late 2017, plans were announced for a $485 million renovation that would include a hotel remodel, and new restaurants and clubs. Station's CEO Frank Fertitta III said, "We were partners in this property for nearly 10 years. We have a history of understanding what the Palms property is capable of doing. It lacked a lot of tender loving care." The cost of the renovation project eventually increased to $620 million. It would cover numerous areas of the resort. A five-story parking garage was increased by two floors as part of the renovations. The original roadside sign was disassembled in February 2018, and eventually replaced by a fully digital one.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: Portions of the renovated resort were unveiled starting in May 2018. Station planned to target locals and tourists while offering value-oriented amenities. The company aimed to restore the Palms' popularity. Fertitta and his brother were avid art collectors, and artwork was spread throughout the renovated resort. Red Rock had partnered with Tao Group, which was to open a new nightclub and restaurants at the Palms. However, the partnership was terminated later in 2018. Under Red Rock's ownership, the Palms failed to regain its popularity. Kaos, a new nightclub, was opened in 2019. It was meant as a major attraction, but instead was closed seven months later.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: Nevada casinos were ordered to close on March 18, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on the state. Casinos there began reopening a few months later, although the Palms remained closed as of March 2021, while Red Rock waited for a rebound of the economy. On May 4, 2021, Red Rock announced that it would sell the Palms to the San Manuel Band of Mission Indians for $650 million, pending regulatory approvals expected later in the year. Analysts believed that the resort still had potential. The band expected to focus more on gaming than on nightlife, a departure from previous owners. Local residents would be the primary target demographic.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: The sale was finalized on December 17, 2021, and the Palms became the first Las Vegas resort to have a Native American owner. The band began a hiring campaign to prepare for reopening, ultimately employing more than 900 people, including some former workers. The resort's employee facilities were upgraded, but the band otherwise made few changes to the property in light of Red Rock's renovation a few years earlier.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: The Palms reopened on the night of April 27, 2022, with live music and a fireworks show. The Brenden Theatres facility was renovated and is scheduled to reopen two days later.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: The Palms casino is . Upon opening, it had 2,200 slot machines, keno, bingo, and 55 table games, including blackjack and poker. It also featured a sportsbook with seating for more than 200 people. Unlike certain other properties, the Palms sportsbook was built in the center of the casino, intended as a convenient location for locals to find. The book initially did not accept bets on NBA games, due to the Maloof family's ownership of the Sacramento Kings. The betting ban on NBA games was lifted seven years after the Palms' opening.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: The resort's 2005-06 expansion included a two-floor high-end gaming pit named The Mint and Top of the Mint, referencing a former downtown property by the same name. In 2011, the casino floor unveiled its Playboy Party Pit, featuring six blackjack tables that were overseen by Playboy Bunny dealers. The pit was part of a $5 million casino renovation, which included 200 new slot machines. The casino also opened its Slot Emporium, featuring 50 of its most popular slot machines.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: A new sportsbook, operated by Cantor Gaming, was opened in May 2012. It measured , and included a poker room, which eventually closed in 2014. The casino floor was renovated in 2018 to include 40 new table games, which offered phone-charging outlets for players. The casino floor was updated again for its 2022 reopening, with a new, open layout and new slot machines. A 100-seat William Hill sportsbook was also added.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: The Palms has 703 hotel rooms, spread across two towers. It originally opened with a 42-story tower containing 455 rooms, a small number compared to resorts on the nearby Strip. In an effort to attract basketball players, the hotel included 24 NBA rooms, featuring beds and showers that were longer and higher than normal. The hotel was also featured in the reality television series "", and the suite created for the show was later opened to the public. In 2003, the Palms unveiled bachelor and bachelorette party suites, both featuring stripper poles and other amenities. The rooms had previously been used by the production crew for "The Real World".


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: In October 2005, the Palms opened its Hardwood Suite in the new Fantasy Tower. The suite rented for $50,000 a night, and included half a basketball court, a locker room, pool and poker tables, and optional cheerleaders. The two-story suite was one of 11 to open in the Fantasy Tower, which was still under construction at the time. The suites ranged from 1,400 to 10,000 square feet, and were located across the 25th and 26th floors. Six Sky Villas opened in April 2006, starting on the 27th floor of the Fantasy Tower. They ranged from 7,000 to 10,000 square feet, and included fireplaces and Jacuzzi spas.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: Before the 40-story Fantasy Tower was completed, the Palms had 430 rooms. The new tower added 347. The tower was completed in October 2006, when it unveiled the Hugh Hefner Sky Villa, a two-story suite on the 34th and 35th floors. Hefner was the first guest to stay in the suite, which was inspired by his Playboy Mansions in Los Angeles and Chicago.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: In 2009, the Palms opened its Barbie Suite, which rented for $4,000 a night. The suite featured an abundance of pink coloring and was inspired by the Barbie doll. As of 2012, the Hugh Hefner suite was one of the most expensive suites in the world, renting for $35,000 to $40,000 a night. The original hotel tower was renovated in 2012 and named as the Ivory Tower.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: As part of the 2018 renovations, the Fantasy Tower rooms were updated for the first time since their opening. The six Sky Villa suites were also updated. The former Hugh Hefner suite was redesigned by artist Damien Hirst and renamed as the Empathy Suite. The two-story suite included various artwork and a curved bar for 13 people. It rented for a two-night minimum price of $200,000, making it the most expensive suite in the world.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: On the ground floor, the Palms included Rain in the Desert, a three-story club spanning . Guests would enter through a gold-mirrored tunnel, accompanied by fog and lights. The interior of the club featured a center stage surrounded by a moat, and a nearby three-story waterfall was used as a projection screen. Rain was developed by Michael Morton and Scott DeGraff, and was opened on November 16, 2001. It included a showroom, and opened with a concert by Macy Gray, although performances by musicians were not intended to take place on a regular basis. DJ Paul Oakenfold began a residency at Rain in 2008, and DJ AM performed there until his death in 2009.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: Moon, a nightclub located at the top of the Fantasy Tower, opened on October 6, 2006. It measured and had a retractable roof, an idea previously planned for Rain. The roof cost approximately $1 million. As with Rain, DJs also performed at Moon.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: Rain was closed in 2012, as part of the resort's ongoing renovations at the time. Moon was closed in 2014. Apex Social Club opened in 2018, taking the place of Ghostbar. It offered various musical entertainers, including DJs, as well as weekly parties.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: In April 2019, the Palms opened Kaos, a dayclub and a nightclub, replacing the space formerly occupied by Rain. The dayclub included several pools, and featured a 60-foot headless bronze statue by artist Damien Hirst called "Demon With Bowl". Kaos offered frequent performances, and a 270-foot-tall LED screen – the largest in Las Vegas – was added onto the Palm's Ivory Tower, broadcasting performances to clubgoers and passersby on the street.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: Later in 2019, Kaos was briefly closed to allow for the addition of a 70-foot dome of transparent panels. It was placed over one of the pools, allowing for year-round swimming. The addition was named Kaos Dome, and the club reopened on October 31, 2019. However, Kaos was abruptly closed five days later, due to the high cost of securing entertainers. Red Rock Resorts stated that the space would remain open as the guest pool area and that it would be used for special events, while the company evaluated future use for the venue. The club had lost nearly $50 million. During its run, the club featured residencies from various musical artists. Notable performers at Kaos had included Cardi B and Marshmello, the latter of whom had signed a $60 million two-year residency deal. DJ Kaskade had also been signed to the club, and filed a federal lawsuit against the resort after its closing left him without a venue.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: The Palms opened with various restaurants, including N9NE, a steakhouse by N9NE Group. It had seating for 175 people, including a 16-seat caviar bar. An Asian restaurant, Little Buddha, was partially inspired by the Buddha Bar in Paris. Another restaurant, Garduño's, was carried over from the Fiesta hotel-casino. The Palms location was spread across two floors. A food court with a handful of eateries was built near the resort's movie theater. A French restaurant, Alize, was built on the top floor of the hotel tower and was mostly glass-enclosed for views of the Las Vegas Valley. The restaurant featured nearly 1,000 types of wine, and was named after the French word for trade winds. Other restaurants included the 500-seat Festival Market Buffet, and the 24/7 Sunrise Cafe.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: The Bistro Buffet opened in 2007. Four years later, the Palms added a dim sum restaurant known as Cathay House, which had previously operated across the street. Maloof arranged for the restaurant's relocation after realizing that many Palms customers were leaving the resort to eat there.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: In 2013, Garduño's was replaced by a sports bar and restaurant known as Heraea, with females as a specific target demographic. It was operated by the One Group, and was added as part of the resort's $50 million renovation. Heraea was unsuccessful and closed later in 2013, with the Palms taking over management of the space. Little Buddha was to be replaced by a new restaurant and lounge called Xishi, also by the One Group. However, these plans were canceled. The former Heraea space reopened in 2015, as the world's largest Hooters restaurant. The restaurant spanned across two stories.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: When Red Rock purchased the Palms, the company aimed to upgrade the resort's restaurants, hoping to attract an upper-class clientele. This included the removal of Hooters and the addition of a new restaurant by celebrity chefs such as Bobby Flay, Michael Symon, and Chris Santos. N9NE had been a popular staple at the resort since it debuted, but it was closed in 2017 amid the restaurant overhaul. It was replaced by Scotch 80 Prime, a fine-dining restaurant. It included a $3 million collection of whiskies, and artwork by Andy Warhol, Jean-Michel Basquiat, and Damien Hirst.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: The former Bistro Buffet was reopened as the A.Y.C.E. (All You Can Eat) buffet at the end of 2017, while Alize marked its closing after 16 years. It was replaced by a new restaurant from chef Marc Vetri. Flay opened his new restaurant, Shark, in 2019. A restaurant, Greene St. Kitchen, was also opened by chef Lanny Chin and offered a variety of global dishes. A Tim Ho Wan dim sum restaurant opened later in 2019.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: In October 2004, the Palms signed a licensing deal with "Playboy" to use the brand name. The Playboy Club opened in the Fantasy Tower on October 6, 2006. It was the first new Playboy Club to open in more than two decades. A nationwide search was conducted for Playboy Bunnies to staff the club, which was a joint venture between Playboy Enterprises, the Palms, and N9NE. The opening was featured in Hefner's reality television series "The Girls Next Door".


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: It was the first nightclub to include gambling, a feature that required the rewriting of Nevada law. The club had 10 blackjack tables, and was the first casino to charge an admission fee. Maloof worked with Nevada regulators for more than three years to get the law rewritten. The club included a bar with 10,000 diamond-shaped crystals, and VIP rooms with mirrored walls and Playboy pinball machines. Through escalators, the club was linked with the Moon nightclub located above, and the Nove Italiano restaurant below. The Fantasy Tower's exterior featured the "Playboy" bunny logo to promote the club.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: The Playboy Club closed in June 2012, as Playboy and the Palms wanted to pursue new opportunities. The club was replaced by a lounge called the View.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: Upon opening in 2001, the top of the hotel tower featured Ghostbar, which overlooked the Las Vegas Valley. It included an outdoor balcony with a section of glass floor, allowing visitors to peer below. Ghostbar was developed by Morton and DeGraff. Initially, it was only going to be open three nights a week. DeGraff said that this led to the bar's name: "We thought of it as an apparition, a ghost that would appear on Thursday and disappear on Sunday." An iridescent 30-foot ghost was depicted across most of the bar's ceiling. The interior also featured floor-to-ceiling windows for views of the Las Vegas skyline. Ghostbar measured . It had capacity for 325 people, and featured DJ music. Ghostbar remained popular a decade after its opening, especially among celebrities. In 2011, it started operating during the day to attract pool-goers. Red Rock closed Ghostbar in 2017, replacing it a year later with a nightclub known as Apex Social Club. Ghostbar reopened in 2022, under San Manuel's ownership.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: In its early years, the casino also featured the Lounge, which served as an entertainment venue for acts such as Hollywood Comedy Tour, the Playboy Comedy Club, and singer Matt Goss. The View lounge opened atop the Fantasy Tower in 2013. In addition to views of the Las Vegas Valley, the lounge also offered a variety of board games.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: In 2018, a new ground-floor bar was added in the middle of the casino. It included a triptych art piece consisting of a 13-foot tiger shark, divided across three tanks. Both the bar and art piece were designed by artist Damien Hirst. Another bar, Mr. Coco, was also added on the third floor of the Fantasy Tower. It featured a collection of artwork.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: In April 2004, Maloof announced plans to add a recording studio to the resort, after a year and a half of planning. Two studios – Studio X and Studio Y – were ultimately opened in December 2005, built at a cost of $6 million. Known as the Studio at the Palms, it is the only recording facility to be located within a casino resort. Certain hotel suites, as well as nightclubs and the Pearl theater, also had recording capabilities. The studio was overseen by Zoe and Pat Thrall.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: The facility has served various musicians, including Celine Dion, Usher, Beyoncé, Eminem, Dr. Dre, 50 Cent, and The Killers. Shortly before his death, Michael Jackson and his children lived at the Palms hotel for months while he recorded a new album at the resort, including the song "Hold My Hand".


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: In March 2005, Maloof announced that the Palms would add a concert theater to better compete with the Hard Rock Hotel. The Pearl Concert Theater was built out in a crescent shape, with the furthest seat being only 120 feet from the stage. The venue spanned three floors and had seating for 2,400 people. Three screens from the resort's movie theater had to be relocated to make way for the Pearl. The venue was wired into the Palm's recording studio, allowing performers to record live albums.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: The Pearl opened on March 17, 2007, with a concert by Evanescence. The official grand opening took place on April 21, 2007, with a concert by Gwen Stefani. The Pearl hosted various other entertainers, including Lady Gaga, Lady Antebellum, and Billy Idol. In 2009, the Pearl hosted a four-night concert residency by Mariah Carey known as Live at the Pearl.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: The theater hosted the NHL Awards for three consecutive years, starting in 2009. The Pearl also hosted Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) cards each year, until UFC president Dana White had his credit line reduced at the Palms casino. White had been a frequent gambler there, and he pulled all future UFC events from the venue in 2012, after his falling-out with the casino.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: The venue was closed in 2017, for a months-long renovation. It is operated by Live Nation. The Pearl was closed during the COVID-19 pandemic, and is scheduled to reopen in mid-2022.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: At night, the Palms pool area was converted into a nightly club and lounge known as Skin, starting in 2002. A new $40 million pool area was opened in 2006, on two acres. The renovated pool area was enlarged from before, in order to accommodate guests in the new Fantasy Tower.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: In 2007, the resort launched an annual pool party series known as Ditch Fridays. Each party attracted an average of 3,000 people. That year, the pool area also began hosting the Midsummer Night's Dream party by Playboy.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: In 2011, the pool area hosted MTV Spring Break, which returned for the following year. In 2012, the pool area received a $600,000 renovation which included a bigger stage for entertainers and a new sound system. The resort also launched weekend pool parties known as Palms Pool Saturdays and Sunday Scene. The pool area was closed in 2017, to make way for Kaos, which featured several new pools. As of 2022, the resort includes a multi-level pool area.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: When the Palms opened, none of its employees belonged to a trade union. Many employees at nearby Strip resorts belonged to the Culinary Workers Union. A few weeks after the Palms opening, the Culinary union led a protest against the resort. The union alleged that Maloof paid his workers lower wages compared to unionized resorts, which he denied. Maloof believed that he would eventually prevail against the union, which alleged that he had threatened workers who supported unionization. In 2003, the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) filed a 20-count complaint against the Palms, alleging that Maloof and resort managers made efforts to dissuade workers from unionizing. Later that year, a federal judge ordered the Palms to reinstate a cook, who was fired for union organizing attempts. The judge also determined that the resort was violating various labor laws by questioning employees about union activities, and warning or discharging those who took part in such activities.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: In 2015, the Palms announced that it would outsource more than 200 food and beverage jobs to a third party operator, a decision that was criticized by the Culinary union. That year, the union made attempts to unionize the Palms, but it later said that such efforts were not being acknowledged by the resort. In 2016, hundreds of employees signed a petition seeking to retain their jobs amid Station and Red Rock's purchase of the property. The Culinary union had previously been involved in frequent feuds with Station. A union election was eventually held in 2018, with 614 employees taking part, out of approximately 900. The workers voted 84-percent in favor of unionization. However, Station challenged the results of the election and declined to negotiate with the union. The NLRB determined that Station had been "failing and refusing to bargain collectively and in good faith" with the union. In 2021, the union stated that the resort's impending sale would not affect ongoing worker negotiations.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: The Palms increased its prominence after appearing in the reality television show "" in 2002. The series took place throughout the Palms, including the hotel. Maloof had six rooms reconfigured into a suite for the cast, and other rooms on the same floor were occupied by the production crew. After filming concluded, the suite was rented out for up to $10,000 a night. It became popular among celebrities.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: "Celebrity Poker Showdown" was also filmed at the Palms from 2003 to 2005. Another reality television series, "Party at the Palms", aired for 12 episodes during 2005. It was hosted by Jenny McCarthy, who would tour the resort and interview celebrities in each episode. The second season of "High Stakes Poker" was also shot at the resort. In addition, the Palms appeared in an episode of "The O.C.", and in "The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills", starring Adrienne Maloof.


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: The Pearl Concert Theater, as well as other areas of the resort, hosted the 2007 MTV Video Music Awards. The resort also appeared in several music videos in 2009, including "Cause a Scene" by Teairra Marí and Flo Rida, "We Made You" by Eminem, and Katy Perry's "Waking Up in Vegas".


title: Palms Casino Resort

text: In the 2000s, the resort's Brenden Theatres facility hosted several film festivals, including CineVegas. It also hosted film premieres such as "Elektra", "", "Rocky Balboa", "Love in the Time of Cholera", and "Michael Jackson's This Is It".


title: Piccalilli

text: Piccalilli, or mustard pickle, is a British interpretation of South Asian pickles, a relish of chopped and pickled vegetables and spices. Regional recipes vary considerably.


title: Piccalilli

text: The "Oxford English Dictionary" traces the word to the middle of the 18th century when, in 1758, Hannah Glasse described how "to make Paco-Lilla, or India Pickle". An apparently earlier reference is in Anne Blencowe's "Receipt Book", written , which has "To Pickle Lila, an Indian Pickle" credited to Lord Kilmory.


title: Piccalilli

text: The more familiar form of the word appears in 1769, in Elizabeth Raffald's "The Experienced English Housekeeper", as "To make Indian pickle, or Piccalillo". Richard Briggs, in his 1788 "The English Art of Cookery", similarly calls it "Picca Lillo". The spelling "piccalilli" can be seen in an advertisement in a 1799 edition of "The Times".


title: Piccalilli

text: British piccalilli contains vegetables—regularly cauliflower, onion, courgette and gherkin—and seasonings of mustard and turmeric. A more finely chopped variety, "sandwich piccalilli" is also available from major British supermarkets. It is used as an accompaniment to foods such as sausages, bacon, eggs, toast, cheese, and tomatoes. It is eaten as a relish with cold meats such as ham and brawn, and with a ploughman's lunch.


title: Piccalilli

text: It is usually expected to be offered over Christmas, as it brightens up cold turkey and other leftovers. It is usually made in the autumn, when pickling onions become available, and with a steeping process of around two months it will be ready just in time for the festive table. As well as being a commercial product, piccalilli is a mainstay of Women's Institute and farmhouse product stalls.


title: Piccalilli

text: An unsweetened variation of British piccalilli is found in Cyprus (including northern Cyprus). It is without baby onions, with a milder mustard sauce, and with the addition of carrot pieces. Piccalilli is known in Cyprus as "πίκλα" ("pikla") in Cypriot Greek, and "bikla" in Cypriot Turkish. It is served as a condiment, and occasionally as a meze dish.


title: Piccalilli

text: In the Northeastern United States, commercial piccalillis are made with a base of sweet peppers or green tomatoes. This style is somewhat similar to sweet pepper relish, with the piccalilli being distinguished by having a darker red or green color and, like British piccalilli, the chunks are larger and it is slightly sweeter. It is commonly used as a topping on such foods as hamburgers and hot dogs. British-style, yellow, piccalilli is also available.


title: Piccalilli

text: In the Midwestern United States, commercial piccalillis are based on finely chopped gherkins. Bright green and on the sweet side, they are often used as a condiment for Chicago-style hot dogs. This style is sometimes called "neon relish".


title: Piccalilli

text: In the Southern United States, piccalilli is not commonly served. In its place, chow-chow, a relish with a base of chopped green (unripe) tomatoes, is offered. This relish may also include onions, bell peppers, cabbage, green beans, and other vegetables. While not similar to other piccalillis, chow-chow is often called as such and the terms may be used interchangeably.


title: Piccalilli

text: A far spicier variant of piccalilli comes from the former Dutch colony of Suriname, where traditional British piccalilli is mixed with a sambal made of garlic and yellow Madame Jeanette peppers. This piccalilli is often homemade but can also be bought in jars in Dutch corner shops. Whilst Surinamese piccalilli is similar in appearance to ordinary piccalilli, the taste is much spicier.


title: Piccalilli

text: As a term for a mixed collection, piccalilli lends its name to several books of poems, for example, "Piccalilli: A Mixture", by Gilbert Percy (1862), and "Dilly Dilly Piccalilli: Poems for the Very Young" (1989), by Myra Cohn Livingston. Mr Piccalilli is the name of a character in the children's book "Mr Pod and Mr Piccalilli" (2005), by Penny Dolan.


title: Piccalilli

text: The song "Lily the Pink", recorded in 1968 by UK comedy group The Scaffold, includes a humorous reference to piccalilli when describing Lily's eventual demise, in the lyric "...and despite her medicinal compound, sadly Picca-Lily died". The song was based on an earlier folk song "the Ballad of Lydia Pinkham", which celebrated a herbal remedy invented by the eponymous heroine, marketed from 1876 as "Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound". The connection between piccalilli and the vegetable compound is in name only, as the recipes differ completely.


title: 2012–13 Liverpool F.C. season

text: The 2012–13 season was the 121st season in Liverpool Football Club's existence, and their 51st consecutive year in the top flight of English football.


title: 2012–13 Liverpool F.C. season

text: By virtue of winning the 2011–12 Football League Cup, Liverpool automatically qualified for entry into the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League, thus securing an immediate return to European competition.


title: 2012–13 Liverpool F.C. season

text: Pre-season saw a change of manager for Liverpool, with Kenny Dalglish leaving on 16 May 2012. Brendan Rodgers was unveiled as his replacement on 1 June 2012. Liverpool finished 7th in the Premier League, one place and nine points higher than the 2011–12 season.


title: 2012–13 Liverpool F.C. season

text: According to the Forbes' list of the most valuable football clubs published in April 2013, Liverpool were ranked as the 10th most valuable football club in the world.


title: 2012–13 Liverpool F.C. season

text: Includes all competitive matches. The list is sorted by shirt number when total clean sheets are equal.


title: 2007 in video games

text: 2007 saw many sequels and prequels in video games. New intellectual properties included "Assassin's Creed", "BioShock", "Crackdown", "Crysis", "Mass Effect", "Portal", "Rock Band", "Skate", "The Darkness", "The Witcher", and "Uncharted".


title: 2007 in video games

text: The following are the best-selling games of 2007 in terms of worldwide retail sales. These games sold at least units worldwide in 2007.


title: Erika Cosby

text: Erika Ranee Cosby (born April 8, 1965) is an American painter. She is the daughter of philanthropist Camille Cosby and comedian Bill Cosby.


title: Erika Cosby

text: Erika Ranee Cosby was born on April 8, 1965 in Los Angeles, California, the oldest of five children born to Camille Olivia (née Hanks) and William Henry Cosby, Jr. All five of the siblings' names began with E, for "excellence." Erika has two living siblings: sisters Erinn (born 1966) and Evin (born 1976). Her brother, Ennis Cosby (born in 1969), was murdered in 1997. A younger sister, Ensa Cosby (born in 1973), died of kidney disease in 2018.


title: Erika Cosby

text: Following high school, Cosby attended Wesleyan University, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1987. After Wesleyan, she attended the School of Visual Arts in New York City, earning a Bachelor of Fine Arts in 1989. She then attended the University of California, Berkeley and graduated in 1991 with a Masters of Fine Arts.


title: Erika Cosby

text: Following the completion of her MFA, Cosby attended the Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture in Maine for a nine-week summer residency course.


title: Erika Cosby

text: David Driskell wrote that Cosby's artwork "concentrates on image perception, especially the media's debasing stereotypes that alter the realistic qualities of people through negative representation... Through the use of satire, metaphor, and allegory, her work examines the intent and the effect of these distorted images on African American culture." She focuses on abstract pieces.


title: Erika Cosby

text: Cosby was the recipient of a New York Foundation for the Arts Fellowship in Painting. From 2009 to 2010, she was an artist in residence at the Abrons Arts Center, and was awarded a studio grant from The Marie Walsh Sharpe Art Foundation in 2011.


title: Erika Cosby

text: In 2012, she was included in Jayson Musson and Marilyn Minter's group show at the New York's Family Business called "It's a Small, Small World."


title: Erika Cosby

text: During 2012 and 2013, Cosby worked as an adjunct art professor at New York University along with Huma Bhabha, Dike Blair, Wayne Koestenbaum and others.


title: Erika Cosby

text: One of her pieces, called "Hanging Out To Dry", was shown at the 50th anniversary of the Smithsonian's National Museum of African Art in 2014. The painting was a large, bright, impressionist work. Cosby explained the painting with, "The positioning of the dolls hanging from a clothesline, in an upside-down trajectory as they are suspended in perpetuity, suggests an uncertain future status. The expressionistic paint rendering and predominant use of red are a visceral interpretation of the persistent and relentless distortion of black imagery in our culture." The gala was attended by her parents, Latanya Richardson Jackson, Samuel L. Jackson, Johnnetta Betsch Cole, and James Staton, among others.


title: Erika Cosby

text: In July 2015, Cosby was the curator of a pop-up group art show in artist Jennifer Coates' Brooklyn studio called "Eye Contact." It featured art by Cosby along with art from Rina Banerjee, Ellen Gallagher, Nina Chanel Abney, Ella Kruglyanskaya, David Armacost, Lauren Gidwitz, Scott Grodesky, and Ryan Schneider. Cosby stated, "I started thinking about eye imagery after watching marchers carrying artist JR's banner of Eric Garner’s cropped eyes."


title: Erika Cosby

text: Works by Cosby have been featured in galleries such as SALTWORKS Contemporary Art, the Arlington Arts Center, Slate Gallery, Artspace in New Haven, the Allegra LaViola Gallery, and The Last Brucennial.


title: Erika Cosby

text: Cosby is a benefactor of the summer institute for A Long Walk Home, an art-based sexual assault awareness program in Chicago, Illinois.


title: Hávamál

text: Hávamál ( ; Old Norse: , , , ‘Words of [the High One]’) is presented as a single poem in the Icelandic , a collection of Old Norse poems from the Viking age. The poem, itself a combination of numerous shorter poems, is largely gnomic, presenting advice for living, proper conduct and wisdom. It is considered an important source of Old Norse philosophy.


title: Hávamál

text: The verses are attributed to Odin; the implicit attribution to Odin facilitated the accretion of various mythological material also dealing with the same deity.


title: Hávamál

text: For the most part composed in the metre , a metre associated with wisdom verse, is both practical and philosophical in content.


title: Hávamál

text: Following the gnomic " proper" comes the , an account of how Odin won the runes, and the , a list of magic chants or spells.


title: Hávamál

text: The Old Norse name is a compound of the genitive form of , which is the inflexionally weak form of Odin's name ('High One'), and the plural noun (from older ), and means 'Song (or Words) of the High One'.


title: Hávamál

text: The only surviving source for is the 13th century , with the exception of two short parts. The part dealing with ethical conduct (the ) was traditionally identified as the oldest portion of the poem by scholarship in the 19th and early 20th century.


title: Hávamál

text: Bellows (1936) identifies as the core of the poem a "collection of proverbs and wise counsels" which dates to "a very early time", but which, by the nature of oral tradition, never had a fixed form or extent.


title: Hávamál

text: Klaus von See (1981) identifies direct influence of the on the , suggesting that also this part is a product of the high medieval period and casting doubt on the "unadulterated Germanic character" of the poem claimed by earlier commentators.


title: Hávamál

text: To the gnomic core of the poem, other fragments and poems dealing with wisdom and proverbs accreted over time. A discussion of authorship or date for the individual parts would be futile, since almost every line or stanza could have been added, altered or removed at will at any time before the poem was written down in the 13th century.


title: Hávamál

text: Individual verses or stanzas nevertheless certainly date to as early as the 10th, or even the 9th century. Thus, the line ("cattle die, kinsmen die") found in verses 76 and 77 of the can be shown to date to the 10th century, as it also occurs in the by . The has been described as a 10th-century poem in some sources.


title: Prince Paul (producer)

text: Paul Edward Huston (born April 2, 1967), better known by his stage name Prince Paul, is an American record producer, disc jockey and recording artist from Amityville, New York. Paul began his career as a DJ for Stetsasonic. Since then he has worked on albums by Boogie Down Productions, Gravediggaz, MC Lyte, Big Daddy Kane and 3rd Bass, among others. Major recognition for Prince Paul came when he produced De La Soul's debut album "3 Feet High and Rising" (1989), in which he pioneered new approaches to hip hop production, mixing and sampling, notably by including comedy sketches.


title: Prince Paul (producer)

text: His first solo album, "", came out in 1997, followed by a second album, "A Prince Among Thieves", in 1999.


title: Prince Paul (producer)

text: Paul was interested in music from a young age and started collecting vinyl when he was five. According to his late mother, he was mature for his age and tended to hang out with older friends.


title: Prince Paul (producer)

text: When he was in fifth grade he started DJing, using a makeshift setup of one Lafayette turntable hooked up to another turntable set and using the balance knob as a fader. In 1981, at age 14, Paul performed a DJ set at The Ace Center Amityville that helped him gain recognition. He did a routine with Trouble Funk's "Pump Me Up" which he later described as his "claim to fame." After The Ace Center performance Paul started doing parties and tapes with Biz Markie while he was in 8th grade. At the same time, Paul's middle school music teacher was Everett Collins, a drummer for The Isley Brothers. Collins later introduced Paul to De La Soul member Maseo.


title: Prince Paul (producer)

text: He began performing with groups during his teenage years, first joining a group called Soul Brothers with his longtime friend Don Newkirk, who would later re-join Paul as an official member of Brookzill! Paul was one of the original members of Stetsasonic. He joined the group in 1984 after impressing Daddy-O with his routine in the "Brevoit Day Celebration" DJ battle in Brooklyn. Daddy-O was struck by Paul's energy, saying that he performed his routine with Liquid Liquid's song "Cavern", "like he was mad at the turntables." Paul credits Grandmaster Flash's song "Flash To The Beat" as the reason he purchased his drum machine.


title: Prince Paul (producer)

text: Prince Paul produced "The Gas Face" and "Brooklyn-Queens" on 3rd Bass' 1989 debut "The Cactus Album." The original version of "The Gas Face" was recorded on 4-track cassette tape and started out as mistake. Paul wanted to change the beat after he realized the pattern wasn't what he wanted but MC Serch and Pete Nice convinced him to keep it. The song was recorded on the 4th of July.


title: Prince Paul (producer)

text: He also worked on De La Soul's first three albums, "3 Feet High and Rising" (1989), "De La Soul Is Dead" (1991), and "Buhloone Mindstate" (1993). "De La Soul is Dead" received a five mic album review from "The Source". According to Paul, "3 Feet High and Rising" (1989) had a budget of about $20,000 dollars and took a month and a half to make. In Brian Coleman's 2007 book "Check the Technique" Paul reflected on his work with De La Soul by saying, "If there was ever a sign of the existence of God, De La Soul would be that proof to me. I’ve never had such a perfect fit in any other production situation."


title: Prince Paul (producer)

text: In 1990, Russell Simmons gave Prince Paul an imprint under his Def Jam label, however the only album, "It Takes a Nation of Suckers to Let Us In" by Resident Alien, was never officially released. It is available as an unofficial release, which is different to a bootleg.


title: Prince Paul (producer)

text: In 1992, Paul produced the songs "Drug Dealer", "Sex and Violence", and "How Not To Get Jerked" for Boogie Down Productions' "Sex and Violence" album. Paul later expressed frustration over the experience because the group released it before he had finalized and polished the three songs. KRS-One, from Boogie Down Productions, later apologized to Paul.


title: Prince Paul (producer)

text: Along with Frukwan of Stetsasonic, Too Poetic of Brothers Grimm, and the RZA of Wu-Tang Clan, Prince Paul formed the group Gravediggaz. They recorded a demo together in 1991 and released their first album "Niggamortis/6 Feet Deep" in 1994 on Gee Street Records. Before signing a deal with Gee Street, Eazy-E wanted to release the album on Ruthless Records. Paul flew to Los Angeles to have a meeting with Eazy-E and Jerry Heller but felt the contract offered to him was one of the worst he had seen in his career and declined. After the group signed to Gee Street, Paul estimated that it took them about six months to complete the album.


title: Prince Paul (producer)

text: In 1995, Paul co-produced guitarist Vernon Reid's solo debut with Teo Macero. He also produced a Horror CIty album with Amityville rapper Superstar. Horror City being a colloborative project fronted by Superstar and featuring a number of MCs and producers. After recording the demo, Paul unsuccessfully shopped it around to multiple labels. Paul used some of the same instrumentals on "A Prince Among Thieves" and had some of the same people rap on the album, but later said he preferred the "Horror City" originals. In 2010, after holding on the demo for 15 years, Paul decided to offer it as a free download online.


title: Prince Paul (producer)

text: In 1996, he appeared on the Red Hot Organization's compilation CD, "America Is Dying Slowly", alongside Wu-Tang Clan, Coolio and Fat Joe. The CD, meant to raise awareness of the AIDS epidemic among African American men, was called a masterpiece by "The Source" magazine.


title: Prince Paul (producer)

text: In 1996, during the early recording sessions for "Stakes Is High", De La Soul and Prince Paul decided to part ways. Although Paul was not involved in the making of the album, he has praised it in several interviews, once saying, "I was going through a serious transition period in my life when that album dropped. I was trying to figure out the next thing I was going to do; I was going through a custody case for my son, and I was running out of money. There were a lot of things going on at the time and in a sense, that album pulled me through everything."


title: Prince Paul (producer)

text: After this he released two solo albums: "" and "A Prince Among Thieves", featuring Big Daddy Kane, Xzibit, Kool Keith, and Everlast. When Paul was recording "Psychoanalysis" he thought his career was over and had a hard time finding people who wanted to be involved with the project. Many of the vocals were provided by friends of his from outside the music industry. Years later he recalled thinking, "Some people might get butt-hurt about it, but so what? It’s probably the last record I’ll make anyway,” during the recording of "Beautiful Night (Manic Psychopath)". The song is very dark and deals with date rape, racism, and violence.


title: Prince Paul (producer)

text: According to Paul, he originally proposed the idea for "A Prince Among Thieves" to Russell Simmons in the early 1990s but Simmons was not interested. While describing his goals for the album in an interview he said, "I wanted to make a movie on wax. I wanted to make an adults’ kid album." To prepare for the album he watched many B movies and tried to use scenes from various films as inspiration. In addition to the extensive list of rappers on the album, Paul reached out to Vanilla Ice to perform on "Handle Your Time" with Sadat X and Xzibit. He also reached out to The Notorious B.I.G. about playing a role on the album and was supposed to meet up with him the night he was murdered.


title: Prince Paul (producer)

text: Prince Paul formed Handsome Boy Modeling School with Dan the Automator and their album "So... How's Your Girl?" featured Sean Lennon, Del the Funky Homosapien, Alec Empire, and Don Novello. He was also paired up with Deltron 3030 on their self-titled album for the song "The Fantabulous Rap Extravaganza". In 2000, Prince Paul produced MC Paul Barman's début EP "It's Very Stimulating", followed by another Handsome Boy Modeling School album, "White People", with guests including the RZA, Linkin Park, Tim Meadows, and John Oates.


title: Prince Paul (producer)

text: Prince Paul's 2003 album "Politics of the Business" again featured many guests such as Chuck D, Ice-T, The Beatnuts, and Wordsworth. The latter also collaborated on a track Paul composed for "The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie" soundtrack.


title: Prince Paul (producer)

text: In 2006, Paul won a Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album at the 48th Annual Grammy Awards for his work on Chris Rock's "Never Scared" album, the first of his career.


title: Prince Paul (producer)

text: Several songs by Paul have been featured only on compilations such as Om Records's "Deep Concentration" and Bill Laswell's "Altered Beats".


title: Prince Paul (producer)

text: In 2005, he released the album "Itstrumental". It encompasses a range of genres, relying heavily on past samples, especially from "A Prince Among Thieves", and combining them with lighthearted skits about his depression. He also produced the album "The Art of Picking Up Women" by the Dix, which combines some of hip-hop's misogyny and boasting with 1960s-style R&B.


title: Prince Paul (producer)

text: Paul was the host of XM radio's "The Ill Out Show", until the station was dropped following its merger with Sirius. The show presented news, classic songs, and interviews with various hip-hop artists.


title: Prince Paul (producer)

text: One of Prince Paul's more recent projects is Baby Elephant, a collaboration with Parliament and Talking Heads keyboardist Bernie Worrell, and longtime Paul associate Don Newkirk. An album "Turn My Teeth Up!", released in September 2007, features George Clinton, Shock G, Yellowman, Reggie Watts, Nona Hendryx, David Byrne, and Gabby La La.


title: Prince Paul (producer)

text: In 2008–2009, Paul collaborated with Oakland rap group Souls of Mischief on the group's album "Montezuma's Revenge" (2009). The idea for the album came about during a Handsome Boy Modeling School tour when Paul told Souls of Mischief member Opio, "Tell the guys that I want to produce the next album." The album was recorded in a rented house and many of the beats were made with vintage equipment, including an Emu SP-12, Ensoniq ASR-10, Akai MPC-60 and an Akai MPC-2000. Paul stated in an interview that his two favorite songs from the album are "Proper Aim" and "Morgan Freeman Skit".


title: Prince Paul (producer)

text: In 2012, Paul spoke openly in an interview about the possibility of doing another De La Soul album after Maseo had made some public comments about a reunion. In the interview, Paul states that he asked the members of De La Soul to work on a new album on and off since 1999. Though he wanted to do a reunion at one time, it seemed in the interview he had moved past the idea, partially because of the far more restrictive sampling laws that exist today. He said, "It’s nice to think about it, but I kind of like where we left it. There would be so many expectations. For me to do another De La record, I don’t think I could really live up to it. Especially in a day and age where I can’t openly sample like that."


title: Prince Paul (producer)

text: Paul later released "Throwback to the Future" with his Brazilian hip hop fusion group BROOKZILL! in 2016. In 2017 Prince Paul helped score the Gimlet Media podcast "Mogul" about hip-hop scene-maker Chris Lighty.


title: Prince Paul (producer)

text: In 2017, Prince Paul joined the Creators Advisory Board of Tracklib. In an interview with Tracklib, Prince Paul stated that "I know Tracklib will help (producers) because it will give everybody an opportunity to sample without having to look over their shoulder.".


title: Prince Paul (producer)

text: In 2020, Prince Paul co-produced the Gorillaz song "Pac-Man" for the band's Song Machine web series. This was Prince Paul's first contribution to Gorillaz, whose 2001 debut album was produced by Prince Paul's long-time friend and collaborator Dan The Automator, who he co-founded "Handsome Boy Modeling School" with in 1999.


title: Prince Paul (producer)

text: Paul has talked about his fondness for vintage equipment in several interviews. One of his favorite pieces of vintage equipment is the Akai S900, which he credits for having a unique sound, saying, "Even though it's big and bulky, nothing sounds like that. It's pretty flexible, it's easy to work, and it's easy to truncate your sample and get things tight...When you look at all this new technology, everything sounds very sterile. Everything is clean and super quiet. It kind of lacks something. When I plug that in, it's like, 'Wow, this is hip hop.'"


title: Prince Paul (producer)

text: He is known for sampling from a wide range of genres. Rapper Biz Markie once said of Paul's production style, "Prince Paul's contribution to hip-hop is that you could use records that weren't by James Brown or just break-beats."


title: Prince Paul (producer)

text: Paul credits The Bomb Squad and Public Enemy as being a significant influence on early De La Soul production, saying, "Early Public Enemy production used layers upon layers and layers, and their arrangements were always super duper incredible to me. We were kind of like students to what they did." In addition to The Bomb Squad, he also lists George Clinton, Dr. Dre, Rick Rubin, and Bernie Worrell as his major influences.


title: Prince Paul (producer)

text: While Paul continues to utilize samples, he has expanded his production to include live instrumentation, including guitar, bass guitar, and several analog keyboards. To combine elements of sampling and live instrumentation, Paul now re-plays some of his samples with instruments. In a 2010 interview he described the process by saying, "I’ve gotten to the point now where I’ll re-play samples with instruments. I learned how to interpolate, change the sound, and dust it out so that when I’m re-playing certain samples, it sounds like a direct sample from a record."


title: Prince Paul (producer)

text: Paul has credited the process of working with Dan the Automator on the Handsome Boy Modeling School project as helping him learn a great deal about production.


title: Prince Paul (producer)

text: Chris Rock listed the "Buhloone Mindstate" album at number ten on his "Top 25 Albums" list. He credited album as helping to shape him as a comedian. In 1999, Rock appeared on Paul's "A Prince Among Thieves." Later in 2005, Rock's debut album was produced by Paul.


title: End of Watch (novel)

text: End of Watch is a crime novel by American writer Stephen King, the third volume of a trilogy focusing on Detective Bill Hodges, following "Mr. Mercedes" and "Finders Keepers". The book was first announced at an event at St. Francis College on April 21, 2015 under the title "The Suicide Prince". On June 10, the new title "End of Watch" was announced. At the 2015 Edgar Awards, while accepting the award for Best Novel for "Mr. Mercedes", King announced that the novel's antagonist, Brady Hartsfield, would be making a return in this book.


title: End of Watch (novel)

text: Retired detective Bill Hodges, who now with his sidekick Holly runs the private investigation agency Finders Keepers, is diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Given only months to live, he finds himself drawn into a recent spree of suicides. All the dead are connected by a common thread: each of them has, in the past, been in contact with mass murderer Brady Hartsfield, the notorious Mr. Mercedes who, six years ago, plotted to blow up a rock concert venue packed with teenagers. Hodges and Holly thwarted Brady's plans and left the killer in a vegetative state from which he never regained consciousness. However, many of the staff in the hospital where Brady now resides believe that he is recovering at an impossible rate, and that he may be faking his injuries to avoid facing charges for his crimes. Meanwhile, all those who have gotten too close to proving this suspicion seem to have died by suicide.


title: End of Watch (novel)

text: After his head injury, Brady found himself gaining new abilities, including the power to move small objects with his mind and the ability to enter the bodies of certain people susceptible to his mental domination. Still confined to his hospital bed, Brady has used his power to finish his murderous work by creating a hypnotic video game app that heightens the user's susceptibility. Once the users are in Brady's control, he uses the app to dominate their minds and persuade them to kill themselves. The targets are the very teenagers who escaped death when Brady's plan to destroy the concert venue failed. Brady's ultimate goal, however, is to lure Hodges into the game and exact revenge. Brady uses the bodies of both a corrupt neurosurgeon and a hospital librarian as puppets and red herrings to do his dirty work and to misdirect the police while he makes his final move to destroy Hodges, all the while unaware that Hodges is already racing the clock against his own death.


title: End of Watch (novel)

text: The book received generally positive reviews. The review aggregator website Book Marks reported that 38% of critics gave the book a "rave" review, and 54% of the critics expressed "positive" impressions, based on a sample of 13 reviews.


title: End of Watch (novel)

text: On October 10, 2017, Audience announced that the TV series based on the first Bill Hodges novel, "Mr. Mercedes", was renewed for season 2, based on the original "Mr. Mercedes" novel, "Finders Keepers" and "End of Watch".


title: Panthera leo melanochaita

text: Panthera leo melanochaita is a lion subspecies in Southern and East Africa. In this part of Africa, lion populations are regionally extinct in Lesotho, Djibouti and Eritrea, and are threatened by loss of habitat and prey base, killing by local people in retaliation for loss of livestock, and in several countries also by trophy hunting. Since the turn of the 21st century, lion populations in intensively managed protected areas in Botswana, Namibia, South Africa and Zimbabwe have increased, but declined in East African range countries. In 2005, a Lion Conservation Strategy was developed for East and Southern Africa.


title: Panthera leo melanochaita

text: Results of a phylogeographic study indicate that lion populations in southern and eastern Africa are forming a major clade distinct from lion populations in West Africa, Central Africa and Asia. In 2017, the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group subsumed lion populations according to the major clades into two subspecies, namely "P. l. leo" and "P. l. melanochaita". Within "P. l. melanochaita" three subclades are clearly distinguishable. One from northeastern Africa, another one from southwestern Africa and a third one from southeastern Africa.


title: Panthera leo melanochaita

text: The type specimen for "P. l. melanochaita" was a black-maned lion from the Cape of Good Hope, known as the Cape lion. Phylogeographic analysis of lion samples from Gabon and the Republic of the Congo indicate their close genetic relation to "P. l. melanochaita" samples from Namibia and Botswana. It has been referred to as the Southern lion, Southern African lion and the 'southern subspecies'.


title: Panthera leo melanochaita

text: "Felis (Leo) melanochaitus" was the scientific name proposed by Charles Hamilton Smith in 1842 who described a lion specimen from South Africa's Cape Province. In the 19th and 20th centuries, several naturalists described zoological specimens from Southern and East Africa and proposed the following subspecies:


title: Panthera leo melanochaita

text: Dispute over the validity of these purported subspecies continued among naturalists and curators of natural history museums until the early 21st century.