title: Whiteman Air Force Base

text: In August 1951, the base was renamed again, to Sedalia Air Force Base, as it was now part of the United States' newest military service branch, the US Air Force.


title: Whiteman Air Force Base

text: In October 1952, the base was turned over to the 340th Bombardment Wing. Improvements were made to the 1942 runway, as well as other base facilities, and Strategic Air Command (SAC) scheduled the base to receive squadrons flying the B-47 Stratojet and the KC-97 Stratofreighter. The first B-47 landed at the base in March 1954.


title: Whiteman Air Force Base

text: On 3 December 1955, the base was renamed Whiteman Air Force Base in honor of 2nd Lieutenant George A. Whiteman, an Army Air Corps pilot who was killed during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor while attempting to take off from Bellows Field. Whiteman was born in Longwood, Missouri, and graduated from Smith-Cotton High School in Sedalia, less than 20 miles from the base that would bear his name.


title: Whiteman Air Force Base

text: In 1963, Whiteman AFB transitioned from being a bomber base to a missile base. SAC activated the 351st Strategic Missile Wing at Whiteman on 1 February. On 1 September, having retired its B-47 and KC-97 aircraft, the remnants of the 340th Bombardment Wing were transferred to Bergstrom AFB, Texas where it assumed control of the B-52 Stratofortress and KC-135 Stratotanker assets of the inactivating 4130th Strategic Wing.


title: Whiteman Air Force Base

text: The transition of Whiteman AFB from a bomber base to missile base required massive military construction (MILCON) projects. 867,000 cubic yards of earth and rock were excavated to make room for underground launch facilities and 15 launch control centers. 168,000 yards of concrete, 25,355 tons of reinforcing steel, and 15,120 tons of structural steel were used in the effort, and a vast underground intersite cable network was installed.


title: Whiteman Air Force Base

text: The 351st employed the LGM-30 Minuteman weapons system, an ICBM capable of hitting targets up to 4300 miles away. In the mid-1960s, the Minuteman I missiles were swapped out in favor of the Minuteman II, an ICBM with increased range and an improved guidance system.


title: Whiteman Air Force Base

text: In the 1980s, Whiteman AFB became the first missile base to field an all-female Minuteman missile crew, as well as the first male and female Minuteman crew.


title: Whiteman Air Force Base

text: At the 1986 Reykjavik Summit between U.S. President Ronald Reagan and the new Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev, the United States and the Soviet Union agreed to a drawdown of nuclear arms via two treaties: the INF Treaty and START I. This would lead to the eventual phase-out of the Minuteman II systems at Whiteman, and put the future of the base in question. On 5 January 1987, Ike Skelton, a U.S. Congressman representing Missouri's 4th district, announced that Whiteman AFB would be the home of the USAF's new Advanced Technology Bomber, which would eventually be called the B-2 Spirit.


title: Whiteman Air Force Base

text: On 30 November 1988, SAC announced that the 509th Bomb Wing would divest its FB-111 and KC-135 aircraft, relocate from its then-home station of Pease AFB, New Hampshire which was being realigned as an Air National Guard base pursuant to BRAC, and become the nation's first operational B-2 bomber unit. On 17 December 1993, Whiteman AFB's first B-2 touched down on the installation's runway. 21 B-2s would eventually be produced, 20 of which are still operational. All 20 are based at Whiteman AFB.


title: Whiteman Air Force Base

text: On 1 Apr 1994, the 442nd Fighter Wing of the Air Force Reserve Command relocated to Whiteman AFB with their A-10 Thunderbolt II aircraft to become a tenant command at Whiteman AFB following the BRAC-directed closure of their former home station, Richards-Gebaur AFB, Missouri.


title: Whiteman Air Force Base

text: Units marked GSU are Geographically Separate Units, which although based at Whiteman, are subordinate to a parent unit based at another location.


title: Ballbreaker

text: Ballbreaker is the thirteenth studio album by Australian hard rock band AC/DC. It was released in 1995 and was re-released in 2005 as part of the "AC/DC Remasters" series.


title: Ballbreaker

text: "Ballbreaker" marked the return of drummer Phil Rudd, who had played with AC/DC from 1975 to 1983. Rudd had left during the "Flick of the Switch" sessions due to drug problems and his incompatibility with Malcolm Young. According to Arnaud Durieux's book "AC/DC: Maximum Rock & Roll", Rudd attended AC/DC's show in Auckland in November 1991 and, after a friendly meeting with the band backstage, made an "open-ended pitch" to rejoin if anything changed with the band's current drummer Chris Slade. Durieux reports that the band eventually invited Rudd to rejoin and he accepted in August 1994, much to the chagrin of Slade, who had been recording demos with the band in London. Slade told "Rock Hard France" in June 2001 that he was so disappointed and disgusted that he did not touch his drum kit for three years. Slade would eventually rejoin the band for their performance at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards Ceremony and the 2015 Rock or Bust World Tour following Rudd's legal issues involving illegal drug possession and threatening to kill his former personal assistant, both of which forced him out of the band a second time.


title: Ballbreaker

text: "Ballbreaker" is also significant for being the only AC/DC album produced by Rick Rubin. Rubin had been a long-time fan of the band; former AC/DC engineer Tony Platt recalls overhearing the producer working with the Cult on their 1987 LP "Electric":


title: Ballbreaker

text: Rubin's first assignment with AC/DC had been "Big Gun," which appeared on the soundtrack for the Arnold Schwarzenegger movie "Last Action Hero". The song was a hit, becoming "Billboard"'s #1 rock track and hit #5 on the Canadian charts.


title: Ballbreaker

text: The album took five months to record. Production started at the Record Plant Studios in New York City, but the band became dissatisfied with the sound there and moved to Los Angeles' Ocean Way Studios. Getting the right drum sound at the Record Plant had proved impossible, with Rubin even isolating the drums in a tent in the studio and lining the walls and ceiling with material to soak up the extra sound the room generated. Although the band was immediately satisfied with the Ocean Way Studios, Rubin and Malcolm Young clashed over the album's direction, with Rubin demanding as many as 50 retakes on some songs, and rumours persist that Rubin was often absent from the studio and left the band to their own devices while he reportedly saw to the recording of the Red Hot Chili Peppers' "One Hot Minute" album at the same time. In a 1995 interview with "Guitar World", Young played down the tension between him and Rubin, although he did admit to "Le Monde" in October 2000, "Working with him was a mistake." Mike Fraser was also credited for recording, engineering and mixing the album. Marvel Comics contributed to "Ballbreaker"'s cover art.


title: Ballbreaker

text: "Burnin' Alive" was written about the cult followers in Waco, Texas, who were burnt to death in 1993 during a raid by the authorities, while "Hard as a Rock," the album's first single, dated back to the "Who Made Who" sessions The music video for "Hard as a Rock" was directed by David Mallet and was set at the Bray Studios in Windsor, Berkshire. In the video, which is reminiscent of the Mallet-directed "Thunderstruck" from 1990, lead guitarist Angus Young is seen playing his Gibson SG on a wrecking ball, which destroys a building. "Cover You in Oil" features a typically licentious lyric ("I see a young girl in the neighbourhood...I must confess I'd like to run my hands up and down her legs..."). "The Furor" and "Hail Caesar" also see the band making an uncharacteristic dip into social commentary. Malcolm Young stated in an interview:


title: Ballbreaker

text: The initial shipments of "Ballbreaker", outside of Japan and Australia, were 2.5 million copies. In AC/DC's native Australia, "Ballbreaker" topped the ARIA Charts and was certified gold the day of release, with 35,000 units sold. The album reached the top 10 in many countries, including #4 in the U.S., #6 in the U.K., and topping the Finland, Sweden and Switzerland charts. It is currently certified 2× platinum by the RIAA in the US, for sales in excess of two million. Jancee Dunn of "Rolling Stone" awarded the album two out of five stars, writing, "Their longevity can be credited to two factors: nostalgia and the fact that AC/DC still view the world through the mind of a horny 15-year-old. God knows there's more than enough of them to go around." AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine notes, "Although 'Hard as a Rock' comes close, there aren't any songs as immediately memorable as any of their '70s classics, or even 'Moneytalks.' However, unlike any record since "Back in Black", there are no bad songs on the album." "Ultimate Classic Rock": "With the Young brothers' songwriting confidence restored by their recent chart revival, Rudd's inimitable percussive prowess making AC/DC sound like themselves once again, and Rubin's almost religious commitment to unearthing the band's authentic '70s sound (even hunting down rare, surviving Marshall valve amplifiers – not digital), "Ballbreaker" had all the makings of an AC/DC purist's dream-come-true, plus a little something for almost everyone."


title: Westland Lysander

text: The Westland Lysander is a British army co-operation and liaison aircraft produced by Westland Aircraft that was used immediately before and during the Second World War.


title: Westland Lysander

text: After becoming obsolete in the army co-operation role, the aircraft's short-field performance enabled clandestine missions using small, improvised airstrips behind enemy lines to place or recover agents, particularly in occupied France with the help of the French Resistance. Royal Air Force army co-operation aircraft were named after mythical or historical military leaders; in this case the Spartan admiral Lysander was chosen.


title: Westland Lysander

text: In 1934 the Air Ministry issued Specification A.39/34 for an army co-operation aircraft to replace the Hawker Hector. Initially Hawker Aircraft, Avro and Bristol were invited to submit designs, but after some debate within the Ministry, a submission from Westland was invited as well. The Westland design, internally designated P. 8, was the work of Arthur Davenport under the direction of "Teddy" Petter. It was Petter's second aircraft design and he spent considerable time interviewing Royal Air Force pilots to find out what they wanted from such an aircraft. The army wanted a tactical and artillery reconnaissance aircraft to provide photographic reconnaissance and observation of artillery fire in daylight – up to about behind the enemy front. The result of Petter's pilot enquiries suggested that field of view, low-speed handling characteristics and STOL performance were the important requirements.


title: Westland Lysander

text: Davenport and Petter designed an aircraft to incorporate these features. The Lysander was to be powered by a Bristol Mercury air-cooled radial engine and had high wings and a fixed conventional landing gear mounted on an innovative inverted U square-section tube that supported wing struts at the apex, and contained internal springs for the faired wheels. The large streamlined spats also contained a mounting for a Browning machine gun and fittings for removable stub wings that could carry light bombs or supply canisters. The wings had a reverse taper towards the root, which gave the impression of a bent gull wing from some angles, although the spars were straight. It had a girder type construction faired with a light wood stringers to give the aerodynamic shape. The forward fuselage was duralumin tube joined with brackets and plates, and the after part was welded stainless steel tubes. Plates and brackets were cut from channel extrusions rather than being formed from sheet steel. The front spar and lift struts were extrusions. The wing itself was fabric covered and its thickness was greatest at the strut anchorage, similar to that of later marks of the Stinson Reliant high-winged transport monoplane.


title: Westland Lysander

text: Despite its appearance, the Lysander was aerodynamically advanced; being equipped with fully automatic wing slats and slotted flaps and a variable incidence tailplane. These refinements gave the Lysander a stalling speed of only . The tube that supported the wings and wheels was the largest Elektron alloy extrusion made at the time. Due to the difficulties involved in manufacturing such a large extrusion Canadian-built machines had a conventionally fabricated assembly. The Air Ministry requested two prototypes of the P.8 and the competing Bristol Type 148, quickly selecting the Westland aircraft for production and issuing a contract in September 1936.


title: Westland Lysander

text: The high-lift devices gave the Lysander a short take off and landing (STOL) performance much appreciated by the Special Duties pilots such as Squadron Leader Hugh Verity. The wings were equipped with automatic slats which lifted away from the leading edge as the airspeed decreased towards stalling speed. These slats controlled automatic flaps. Slow speed flight was therefore greatly simplified, "and it was possible to bring a Lysander down to land, if not like a lift, at least like an escalator". The inboard slats were connected to the flaps and to an air damper in the port wing which governed the speed at which the slats operated. The outboard slats operated independently and were not connected and each was fitted with an air damper. On a normal approach, the inboard slats and the flaps would begin to open when the airspeed has dropped to about and be approximately half down at . The only control that the pilot has is a locking lever which he can set to lock the flaps down once they have been lowered automatically.


title: Westland Lysander

text: The first Lysanders entered service in June 1938, equipping squadrons for army co-operation and were initially used for message-dropping and artillery spotting. When war broke out in Europe, the earlier Mk.Is had been largely replaced by Mk.IIs, the older machines heading for the Middle East. Some of these aircraft, now designated type L.1, operated with the Chindits of the British Indian Army in the Burma Campaign of the Second World War.


title: Westland Lysander

text: Four regular squadrons equipped with Lysanders accompanied the British Expeditionary Force to France in October 1939, and were joined by a further squadron early in 1940. Following the German invasion of France and the low countries on 10 May 1940, Lysanders were put into action as spotters and light bombers. In spite of occasional victories against German aircraft, they made very easy targets for the "Luftwaffe" even when escorted by Hurricanes. Withdrawn from France during the Dunkirk evacuation, they continued to fly supply-dropping missions to Allied forces from bases in England; on one mission to drop supplies to troops trapped at Calais, 14 of 16 Lysanders and Hawker Hectors that set out were lost. 118 Lysanders were lost in or over France and Belgium in May and June 1940, of a total of 175 deployed.


title: Westland Lysander

text: With the fall of France, it was clear that the type was unsuitable for the coastal patrol and army co-operation role, being described by Air Marshal Arthur Barratt, commander-in-chief of the British Air Forces in France as "quite unsuited to the task; a faster, less vulnerable aircraft was required." The view of Army AOP pilots was that the Lysander was too fast for artillery spotting purposes, too slow and unmanoeuverable to avoid fighters, too big to conceal quickly on a landing field, too heavy to use on soft ground and had been developed by the RAF without ever asking the Army what was needed. Nevertheless, throughout the remainder of 1940, Lysanders flew dawn and dusk patrols off the coast and in the event of an invasion of Britain, they were tasked with attacking the landing beaches with light bombs and machine guns. They were replaced in the home-based army co-operation role from 1941 by camera-equipped fighters such as the Curtiss Tomahawk and North American Mustang carrying out reconnaissance operations, while light aircraft such as the Taylorcraft Auster were used to direct artillery. Some UK-based Lysanders went to work operating air-sea rescue, dropping dinghies to downed RAF aircrew in the English Channel. Fourteen squadrons and flights were formed for this role in 1940 and 1941.


title: Westland Lysander

text: In August 1941 a new squadron, No. 138 (Special Duties), was formed to undertake missions for the Special Operations Executive to maintain clandestine contact with the French Resistance. Among its aircraft were Lysander Mk.IIIs, which flew over and landed in occupied France. While general supply drops could be left to the rest of No. 138's aircraft, the Lysander could insert and remove agents from the continent or retrieve Allied aircrew who had been shot down over occupied territory and had evaded capture. For this role the Mk.IIIs were fitted with a fixed ladder over the port side to hasten access to the rear cockpit and a large drop tank under the belly. In order to slip in unobtrusively Lysanders were painted matte black overall (some early examples had brown/green camouflaged upper surfaces and later examples had grey/green upper surfaces); operations almost always took place within a week of a full moon, as moonlight was essential for navigation. The aircraft undertook such duties until the liberation of France in 1944.


title: Westland Lysander

text: Lysanders were based at airfields at Newmarket in Suffolk and later Tempsford in Bedfordshire, but used regular RAF stations to fuel-up for the actual crossing, particularly RAF Tangmere. Flying without any navigation equipment other than a map and compass, Lysanders would land on short strips of land, such as fields, marked out by four or five torches or to avoid having to land, the agent, wearing a special padded suit, stepped off at very low altitude and rolled to a stop on the field. They were originally designed to carry one passenger in the rear cockpit, but for SOE use the rear cockpit was modified to carry two passengers in extreme discomfort in case of urgent necessity.


title: Westland Lysander

text: The pilots of No. 138, and from early 1942 No. 161 Squadron, transported 101 agents to and recovered 128 agents from Nazi-occupied Europe. The Germans knew little about the British aircraft and wished to study one. Soldiers captured an intact Lysander in March 1942 when its pilot was unable to destroy it after a crash, but a train hit the truck carrying the Lysander, destroying the cargo.


title: Westland Lysander

text: In the Far East, from 1944 No. 357 Squadron RAF operated six SD Lysanders as C Flight for dropping agents in support of Fourteenth Army in Burma.


title: Westland Lysander

text: Lysanders also filled other less glamorous roles, such as service as target-towing and communication aircraft. Two aircraft (T1443 and T1739) were transferred to the British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) for training and 18 were used by the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm. All British Lysanders were withdrawn from service in 1946.


title: Westland Lysander

text: Lysander also joined the ranks of the "Forces Aériennes Françaises Libres" (Free French Air Force, FAFL) when "Groupe Mixte de Combat" (GMC) 1, formed at RAF Odiham on 29 August 1940, was sent to French North-West Africa in order to persuade the authorities in countries such as Gabon, Cameroon and Chad, which were still loyal to Vichy France, to join the Gaullist cause against the Axis powers, and to attack Italian ground forces in Libya. As with all FAFL aircraft, Lysanders sported the Cross of Lorraine insignia on the fuselage and the wings instead of the French tricolor roundel first used in 1914, to distinguish their aircraft from those flying for the Vichy French Air Force. Lysanders were mostly employed on reconnaissance missions, but were also used to carry out occasional attacks. In all, 24 Lysanders were used by the FAFL.


title: Westland Lysander

text: One hundred and four British-built Lysanders were delivered to Canada supplementing 225 that were built under licence by National Steel Car at Malton, Ontario (near Toronto) with production starting in October 1938 and the first aircraft flying in August 1939. The RCAF primarily operated Lysanders in the Army Co-operation role, where they represented a major improvement over the antiquated Westland Wapiti which could trace its origins back to 1916.


title: Westland Lysander

text: Initial training was conducted at RCAF Station Rockcliffe (near Ottawa, Ontario) with No. 123 Squadron running an army co-operation school there. Units that operated the Lysander for training in this role in Canada include 2 Squadron, 110 Squadron (which became 400 Squadron overseas) and No. 112 Squadron RCAF.


title: Westland Lysander

text: No. 414 squadron formed overseas and joined 110 Squadron and 112 Squadron with Lysanders. Prior to going overseas 2 Squadron was disbanded and its airmen reassigned to 110 and 112 Squadrons to bring them up to war establishment (2 Squadron would later reform in England as a Hawker Hurricane unit and eventually be renumbered as 402 Squadron). In all there were three squadrons ready to begin operations against the Axis Powers. Although Operation Sea Lion – the planned German invasion of Great Britain – was averted by the British victory in the Battle of Britain in 1940, the high losses suffered by RAF Lysanders in the Battle of France resulted in any plans for cross-channel offensive operations by Lysanders being put on hold, although the Canadian squadrons continued training with the Lysanders until suitable replacements were available.


title: Westland Lysander

text: No. 118 Squadron and No. 122 Squadron RCAF were the only Canadian units to use their Lysanders on active-duty operations – 118 in Saint John, New Brunswick, and 122 at various locations on Vancouver Island, where they performed anti-submarine patrols and conducted search-and-rescue operations. During the same period, No. 121 Squadron RCAF and several Operational Training Units (OTUs) used Lysanders – painted in a high-visibility yellow-and-black-striped scheme – for target towing duties.


title: Westland Lysander

text: For a brief period in 1940 when every available Hurricane fighter had been sent overseas to fight in the Battle of Britain, leaving the RCAF without a modern fighter aircraft at home in Canada, two RCAF Lysander-equipped squadrons which were supposed to convert to fighter aircraft but had none to convert to were re-designated as operational fighter squadrons. 111 Squadron, a coastal artillery squadron which earlier had replaced its Avro trainers with Lysanders and been reclassified as an army co-operation unit, was again reclassified as a fighter squadron – the only one on the Canadian west coast – in June 1940. Lysander-equipped 118 Squadron also was redesignated as a fighter squadron. The Lysander completely lacked the capability to operate in a fighter role, and neither squadron saw action as a fighter unit while equipped with Lysanders, but their designation as fighter squadrons did allow RCAF fighter pilots to work up at a critical time without having to wait for the arrival of true fighter aircraft. No. 118 Squadron was disbanded in September 1940, and when it reformed in December 1940, still as a fighter squadron, it was equipped with 15 old, otherwise unwanted Grumman Goblin fighters produced by Canadian Car and Foundry. Both 111 and 118 Squadrons soon re-equipped with the Curtiss P-40 Kittyhawk, bringing the brief service of Lysanders in fighter squadrons to an end.


title: Westland Lysander

text: Other export customers for the Lysander included the Finnish Air Force (which received four Mk.I and nine Mk.III aircraft), the Irish Air Corps (which took delivery of six Mk.II aircraft), the Turkish Air Force (which received 36 Mk.IIs), the Portuguese Air Force (which took delivery of eight Mk.IIIA aircraft), the United States Army Air Forces (which received 25), the Indian Air Force (which took delivery of 22) and No. 1 Squadron of the Royal Egyptian Air Force. The REAF received 20 aircraft. Egyptian Lysanders were the last to see active service, against Israel in the 1947–1949 Palestine war.


title: Westland Lysander

text: After the war a number of surplus ex-Royal Canadian Air Force Lysanders were employed as aerial applicators with Westland Dusting Service, operating in Alberta and western Canada. Two of these were saved for inclusion in Lynn Garrison's collection for display in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.


title: Westland Lysander

text: A total of 1,786 Lysanders were built, including 225 manufactured under licence by National Steel Car in Malton near Toronto, Ontario, Canada during the late 1930s (1938-1939).


title: Westland Lysander

text: In 1940 "K6127" was tested with a pair of Oerlikon cannon mounted on top of the wheel fairings, and the stub wings removed; the intention was to use the aircraft against invasion barges in the threatened German invasion of Britain.


title: Westland Lysander

text: A number of Lysanders are preserved in museums in Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, Belgium, and elsewhere.


title: Westland Lysander

text: In 1963, BBC TV transmitted a series of dramas called Moonstrike about the insertion of clandestine SOE operatives into occupied France. The first episode featured a reconstruction of a typical Lysander operation.


title: I Feel It Coming

text: "I Feel It Coming" is a song by Canadian singer the Weeknd featuring French electronic duo Daft Punk, from his third studio album, "Starboy" (2016). It was written by the trio alongside Doc McKinney, Cirkut and Eric Chedeville, being produced by Daft Punk, with the Weeknd, McKinney and Cirkut serving as co-producers. The song was released for digital download on November 18, 2016, alongside "Party Monster", as promotional singles. It was first sent to British contemporary hit radio on November 24, 2016, and it was released to US rhythmic contemporary radio on December 6, 2016, through XO and Republic Records, serving as the album's second single, following their previous collaboration "Starboy". It is also Daft Punk's final single before their breakup in 2021. It was named Song of the Year at the 2018 BMI R&B/Hip Hop Awards.


title: I Feel It Coming

text: The song is composed in the key of E major with a tempo of 93 beats per minute. It follows a chord progression of Gm7/Cm7/A♭(add9)/E♭.


title: I Feel It Coming

text: In an interview with Zane Lowe for Beats 1 Radio, the Weeknd stated that he and Daft Punk member Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo had been mutual friends long before the recording of "Starboy". When he visited a recording studio in Paris, France, Daft Punk presented the Weeknd with the draft instrumental for "I Feel It Coming". He claims that he wrote the lyrics in one hour.


title: I Feel It Coming

text: The song received acclaim from critics. In "Rolling Stone"s review of "Starboy", Mosi Reeves commended the track, stating that, ""I Feel It Coming," is a gem of Ibiza disco love... [it] is surprisingly sunny and fresh". Reviewing the album for "Pitchfork", Mehan Jayasuriya wrote that "both of the Daft Punk collaborations are satisfying, if hardly groundbreaking", describing the song as "a slowed-down version of 'Get Lucky'". Reviewing the album track-by-track, "The Independent"s Christopher Hooten praised the song and said, "the Daft Punk-featuring track initially fall[s] in with Michael Jackson and Toto on a Venn diagram but, crucially, [is] thrown off kilter by a melancholy keyboard line low in the mix in the chorus. [It] could definitely become an iconic track".


title: I Feel It Coming

text: The song peaked at number four on the "Billboard" Hot 100 on the date ending April 15, 2017. As of April 2022, "I Feel It Coming" has sold 6,000,000 copies in the United States.


title: I Feel It Coming

text: Directed by Warren Fu, the music video for "I Feel It Coming" premiered on March 9, 2017, on the Weeknd's Vevo channel. As of June 2022, it has surpassed 1 billion views on YouTube. The video was made with intent to appear as though it was transferred shot footage, and reminiscently edited on Betacam SP, like most music videos had been — prior to the digital age of formatting. Evidence of this can be seen on the slight overall softness to the image and edge bleed as the image transitions to the black bars. The video features the Weeknd meeting a "Stargirl", portrayed by Kiko Mizuhara, on a rocky, barren planet in outer space that shares similarities to Mars. The video also features an appearance by Daft Punk after the song ends.


title: Tony Roberts (actor)

text: David Anthony "Tony" Roberts (born October 22, 1939) is an American actor. He is known for his roles in six Woody Allen movies—most notably "Annie Hall"—often playing Allen's best friend.


title: Tony Roberts (actor)

text: Roberts was born in Manhattan, New York City, the son of Norma (née Finkelstein), an animator, and CBS radio announcer Ken Roberts. His family is Jewish. He had a sister, Nancy, and is the cousin of late actor Everett Sloane. Roberts attended the High School of Music & Art and Northwestern University, and made his Broadway debut in 1962, with a role in the play "Something About a Soldier".


title: Tony Roberts (actor)

text: Roberts is best known for his collaborations with Woody Allen. In "Annie Hall", he portrayed Alvy Singer's best friend Rob. Other Allen films and/or plays in which he has appeared include both the Broadway and film versions of "Play It Again, Sam" (directed by Herbert Ross), "Radio Days" (in which his father had a voice role), "Stardust Memories", "Hannah and Her Sisters", "A Midsummer Night's Sex Comedy", and Woody Allen's segment for "The Concert for New York City".


title: Tony Roberts (actor)

text: Roberts memorably portrayed the badgering Deputy Mayor Warren LaSalle in "The Taking of Pelham One Two Three". He also appeared in the Sidney Lumet films "Serpico" and "Just Tell Me What You Want". Roberts was in the 1983 horror film "Amityville 3-D" portraying John Baxter, the owner of the infamous possessed house.


title: Tony Roberts (actor)

text: Roberts's Broadway credits include "Barefoot in the Park"; "How Now, Dow Jones"; "Murder at the Howard Johnson's"; "Promises, Promises"; "Sugar" (the musical version of the movie "Some Like It Hot"); "The Sisters Rosensweig"; "They're Playing Our Song"; "Victor/Victoria"; "The Tale of the Allergist's Wife"; "Arsenic and Old Lace"; and "Cabaret". In 1998 he played Buddy Plummer in Stephen Sondheim's "Follies" at the Paper Mill Playhouse in New Jersey. In 2007, Roberts returned to Broadway in the roller-disco rock musical "Xanadu".


title: Tony Roberts (actor)

text: On television, Roberts was the third actor to play Lee Pollock on "The Edge of Night". He has appeared in numerous series such as "The Carol Burnett Show", "Matlock", and "Law & Order". In 1977, he starred in the short-lived series "Rosetti and Ryan" with Squire Fridell.


title: Tony Roberts (actor)

text: In 1978, he guest starred on "The Love Boat". Roberts and Lauren Tewes's character, cruise ship director Julie McCoy, fall in love but don't pursue a relationship.


title: Tony Roberts (actor)

text: He starred (with Penny Fuller, who had played his wife on "The Edge of Night") on the ABC comedy "The Thorns". (Millee Taggart, who had succeeded Fuller in the role on "The Edge of Night" was the co-creator and co-producer of the series.) He was a regular performer on the "CBS Radio Mystery Theater". Roberts also provides the narration on many of the audiobooks in Stuart Woods's Stone Barrington novels.


title: Migos discography

text: The American hip hop group Migos has released four studio albums, one extended play (EP), twelve mixtapes and forty-seven singles (including twenty-four as a featured artist). On July 31, 2015, Migos released their debut studio album, "Yung Rich Nation". On January 27, 2017, Migos released their second studio album, "Culture". On January 26, 2018, Migos released their third album, "Culture II". On June 11, 2021, Migos released their fourth album, "Culture III".


title: Isobutane

text: Isobutane, also known as "i"-butane, 2-methylpropane or methylpropane, is a chemical compound with molecular formula HC(CH). It is an isomer of butane. Isobutane is a colourless, odourless gas.


title: Isobutane

text: It is the simplest alkane with a tertiary carbon atom. Isobutane is used as a precursor molecule in the petrochemical industry, for example in the synthesis of isooctane.


title: Isobutane

text: Isobutane is the principal feedstock in alkylation units of refineries. Using isobutane, gasoline-grade "blendstocks" are generated with high branching for good combustion characteristics. Typical products created with isobutane are 2,4-dimethylpentane and especially 2,2,4-trimethylpentane.


title: Isobutane

text: In the Chevron Phillips slurry process for making high-density polyethylene, isobutane is used as a diluent. As the slurried polyethylene is removed, isobutane is "flashed" off, and condensed, and recycled back into the loop reactor for this purpose.


title: Isobutane

text: Isobutane is oxidized to "tert"-butyl hydroperoxide, which is subsequently reacted with propylene to yield propylene oxide. The tert-butanol that results as a by-product is typically used to make gasoline additives such as methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE).


title: Isobutane

text: Isobutane is used as a refrigerant. Use in refrigerators started in 1993 when Greenpeace presented the Greenfreeze project with the former East German company . In this regard, blends of pure, dry "isobutane" (R-600a) (that is, isobutane mixtures) have negligible ozone depletion potential and very low global warming potential (having a value of 3.3 times the GWP of carbon dioxide) and can serve as a functional replacement for R-12, R-22 (both of these being commonly known by the trademark Freon), R-134a, and other chlorofluorocarbon or hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants in conventional stationary refrigeration and air conditioning systems.


title: Isobutane

text: As a refrigerant, isobutane poses a fire and explosion risk in addition to the hazards associated with non-flammable CFC refrigerants. Substitution of this refrigerant for motor vehicle air conditioning systems not originally designed for isobutane is widely prohibited or discouraged.


title: Isobutane

text: Vendors and advocates of hydrocarbon refrigerants argue against such bans on the grounds that there have been very few such incidents relative to the number of vehicle air conditioning systems filled with hydrocarbons.


title: Isobutane

text: The traditional name isobutane was still retained in the 1993 IUPAC recommendations, but is no longer recommended according to the 2013 recommendations. Since the longest continuous chain in isobutane contains only three carbon atoms, the preferred IUPAC name is 2-methylpropane but the locant (2-) is typically omitted in general nomenclature as redundant; C2 is the only position on a propane chain where a methyl substituent can be located without altering the main chain and forming the constitutional isomer "n"-butane.


title: Negligent homicide

text: Negligent homicide is a criminal charge brought against a person who, through criminal negligence, allows another person to die.


title: Negligent homicide

text: Examples include the crash of Aeroperu Flight 603 near Lima, Peru. The accident was caused by a piece of duct tape that was left over the static ports (on the bottom side of the fuselage) after cleaning the aircraft, which led to the crash. An employee had left the tape on and was charged with negligent homicide. Other times, an intentional killing may be negotiated down to the lesser charge as a compromised resolution of a murder case, as might occur in the context of the intentional shooting of an unarmed man after a traffic altercation.


title: Negligent homicide

text: In the United States, all states define negligent homicide by statute, often defining the offense as involuntary manslaughter. Negligent homicide may be a lesser included offense to first and second degree murder, meaning that all of the elements of negligent homicide are elements of those more serious charges.


title: Negligent homicide

text: In some states, negligent homicide charges are possible following the killing of a person while driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol.


title: 20th Special Forces Group

text: The 20th Special Forces Group (Airborne) (20th SFG) (A) is one of two Army National Guard groups for the United States Army Special Forces. 20th Group—as it is sometimes called—is designed to deploy and execute nine doctrinal missions: unconventional warfare, foreign internal defense, direct action, counter-insurgency, special reconnaissance, counter-terrorism, information operations, counterproliferation of weapon of mass destruction, and security force assistance.


title: 20th Special Forces Group

text: It is headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama (and is thus part of the Alabama Army National Guard) and as part of the United States Southern Command has an area of responsibility covering 32 countries, including Latin America south of Mexico, the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, and the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. The area is shared with the Eglin Air Force Base-based 7th Special Forces Group, which is the active Regular Army Special Forces group responsible for the same region.


title: 20th Special Forces Group

text: Following the start of the Global War on Terror the 20th has been actively deployed to Iraq, Afghanistan and other places around the world.


title: 20th Special Forces Group

text: The first large scale activation of the 20th Special Forces Group took place during the first Gulf War. The unit was mobilized and based at Fort Bragg, North Carolina for training. The 7th Special Forces Group supported and validated the training. The war ended quickly and the 20th Group was soon deactivated. Some individual members did participate in the conflict as augmentees to other Special Forces groups or organizations.


title: 20th Special Forces Group

text: As many as 50 individuals served as augmentees to the 10th Special Forces Group and deployed to Turkey and northern Iraq during Operation Provide Comfort.


title: 20th Special Forces Group

text: The 20th Special Forces Group provided several rotations of companies to the operation in Haiti during 1995 during Operation Uphold Democracy.


title: 20th Special Forces Group

text: The 3rd Battalion, 20th Special Forces Group deployed a significant number of its battalion headquarters to augment the Combined Joint Special Operations Task Force - Afghanistan (CJSOTF-A). At the time the CJSOTF-A was led and manned by the 3rd Special Forces Group. The 3rd Battalion also provided companies to the fight in the early states of OEF.


title: 20th Special Forces Group

text: The 20th Special Forces Group headquarters and support staff was activated in the spring of 2002, trained up at Fort McClellan, Alabama, and then deployed to Afghanistan to lead and man the CJSOTF-A. It was augmented by several officers and NCOs of 7th Special Forces Group. In addition, the 1st Battalion deployed to Karshi-Khanabad Air Base, "K2," in Uzbekistan and basing AOBs and teams throughout northern and eastern Afghanistan. At the same time a battalion of the 19th Special Forces Group was based at Kabul Military Training Center just north of Kabul to train up the initial battalions of the Afghan National Army. The 2nd Battalion, 7th Group was based at Kandahar. 2nd Battalion 20th Special Forces Group would replace 1st Battalion at K2 in 2003. At this point, the entire unit had deployed to Afghanistan.


title: 20th Special Forces Group

text: The 20th Special Forces Group would continue to deploy its companies and battalions to Afghanistan for almost two decades. In addition, numerous individuals would serve as augmentees to several different organizations in Afghanistan over the years. The 20th Special Forces Group headquarters and support company was activated in 2011 and deployed to Afghanistan to augment the CJSOTF-A, and CFSOCC-A.


title: 20th Special Forces Group

text: Several individual augmentees from the 20th Special Forces Group served with various units in Iraq in the early stages (2003-2004) of the conflict - to include the CJSOTF-AP. Eventually almost all of the 20th Special Forces Group battalions and companies would rotate at least one time through Iraq from 2006 to 2011.


title: 20th Special Forces Group

text: For several years the 20th Special Forces Group manned the Special Operations Command and Control Element (SOCCE) Horn of Africa (HOA) located at Camp Lemonier, Djibouti.


title: 20th Special Forces Group

text: The 20th Special Forces Group is headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama, with companies and battalions in the following locations:


title: Blót

text: ' (Old Norse) and ' or (Old English) are terms for "blood sacrifice" in Norse paganism and Anglo-Saxon paganism respectively. A comparanda can also be reconstructed for wider Germanic paganism.


title: Blót

text: The word is an Old Norse strong neuter noun (genitive ). The corresponding Old English neuter (genitive ) may be influenced by Old Norse; the Old English gospels have prefixed "sacrifice".


title: Blót

text: The reconstructed Proto-Germanic form of the noun is "sacrifice, worship". Connected to this is the Proto-Germanic strong verb with descendants in Gothic (), Old Norse , Old English and Old High German , all of which mean "to sacrifice, offer, worship".


title: Blót

text: The word also appears in a compound attested in Old Norse as "house of worship" and in Old High German as "temple". With a different nominative affix, the same stem is found in the Proto-Germanic noun "sacrifice" – attested in Gothic * (*) in () "worshipper of God" and Old High German "offering, sacrifice"). This stem is thought to be connected to the Proto-Germanic verb "to blow; to bloom, blossom", as are the words for "blood" (Proto-Germanic ) and "bloom" (Proto-Germanic ). Sophus Bugge was the first to suggest a connection between and the Latin (< *), and both words can be traced back to the Proto-Indo-European stem * "to bubble forth; to mumble, murmur, blather".


title: Blót

text: The verb meant "to worship with sacrifice", or "to strengthen". The written sources and the archaeological record indicate that in Old Norse religious practice the sacrifice of animals, particularly pigs and horses, played a significant part in the blót. More than just a simple sacrifice, the blót was central to all the ritual activities that took place in Norse sacral structures. Closer in conception to a gift, the blót usually involved killing animals, and sometimes humans, in ritual fashion with their blood being poured into bowls or onto stones. Twigs were dipped into the liquid and shaken, throwing a spray onto the onlookers and the buildings. At the temple-hall of Hofstaðir in northern Iceland, oxen were decapitated in seasonal rituals for many years. Osteological analysis of the bones shows that the animals were killed with blows to the neck by axe or sword. This method was intended to produce the spectacle of a shower of arterial blood.


title: Blót

text: The ritual killing of animals was followed by feasts on the meat, as described in the Eddic and Scaldic poetry, the Icelandic sagas, and on rune stones. The meat was boiled in large cooking pits with heated stones, either indoors or outdoors, and ale or mead ("mjöð") was drunk in the ceremony.


title: Blót

text: In "Hákonar saga Góða", ("Saga of Hákon the Good") in Snorri Sturlason's "Heimskringla", Earl Sigurđr of Hlađir (Earl Hákon's father) is said to have given a great sacrificial feast at Hlađir, and to have borne its entire expense. The passage states that it was the duty of the chieftain who provided the feast to consecrate the ale and all the sacrificial meat. Such feasts are usually called by the Old Norse "blótzveizla" in the texts.


title: Blót

text: Snorri describes the farmers of Thrándheimr bringing provisions to the temple and sacrificing there. The blood of the slaughtered animals was considered to have special powers and it was sprinkled on the altars, on the walls and on the participants themselves. The chieftain passed a sacrificial cup over the fire and consecrated it along with the food. Beer was drunk and toasts to Óðinn were made for victory in battle, and to Njǫrðr and Freyre for a bountiful harvest and for peace. A similar toast was raised at the celebration of Jól: , "for a good harvest, fertility, and peace" (frith).


title: Blót

text: Sacrificial feasts ("blótveizlur", "blótdrykkjur") had a prominent place in the ancient religious practices of the Scandinavians, and were part of the seasonal festivals attended by large numbers of people. Family rituals such as the "álfablót" in western Sweden mentioned by the Norwegian skald Sigvatr Þórðarson in an early 11th-century poem, were usually performed on farm homesteads.


title: Blót

text: The written sources speak of sacrifices made of prisoners of war; Roman descriptions of Germanic tribes sacrificing their defeated enemies to Mars or Mercury have a similarity with customs related to the cult of Óðinn in Old Norse religion. The Icelandic skáld Helgi Trausti mentions his killing an enemy as a sacrifice to Óðinn; "Egils saga einhenda ok Ásmundar berserkjabana" and "Orkneyinga saga" describe the sacrificing of captive enemies to Óðinn. In depositions of remains found near Uppland, most of the human bodies are of young males with healed bone trauma, a possible congruence with the sacrificed captives of war mentioned in the written corpus. In almost all instances, human sacrifices occurring in the context of the Old Norse texts are related to Óðinn.


title: Blót

text: A building where the blót took place was called a "hof" (compare German ) and there are many place names derived from this in e.g. Scania, West Götaland and East Götaland. Excavations at the medieval churches of Mære in Trøndelag and at Old Uppsala provide the few exceptions where church sites are associated with earlier churches.


title: Blót

text: There were also other sacred places called , , and . The Christian laws forbade worshipping at the or meaning "mound" or "barrow".


title: Blót

text: The German Thietmar wrote before 932 that the Daner had their main cult centre on Zealand at Lejre, where they gathered every nine years and sacrificed ninety-nine people but also horses, dogs and hens. There are however no historical records from Scandinavian sources nor any archeological findings supporting this. Archaeological excavations have indeed revealed Lejre to be of great importance and in fact the seat of the royal family dating to at least the Iron Age. There is not conclusive evidence that Lejre was the site of a main cult centre though, but excavations around lake Tissø not far to the West, have revealed an ancient hof of great importance.


title: Blót

text: Snorri Sturluson relates of a meeting between the peasants of Trøndelag and king Haakon I of Norway, a meeting which ended in a religious feud centered around the blót. Haakon was raised at the Christian English court and had returned to claim the throne of his father Harald Fairhair (the unifier of Norway) and intended to Christianize the country. In spite of the fact that the peasants had elected Haakon king at the Thing they opposed his religious ideas.


title: Blót

text: During this ceremony, the king also had to participate, although he was a Christian, and he had to drink of the mead that was offered and consecrated for Odin, Njord and Freyja. The peasants also wanted him to eat of the meat, but he only gaped over the handle of the cauldron and held a linen cloth between his mouth and the meat. The peasants were not at all satisfied with a king who would not participate fully in the blót. The king had however, been seriously humiliated and later he converted to the old faith. Tradition says that he was buried according to the old ways.


title: Blót

text: According to the "Sturlubók" and "Hauksbók" versions of "Landnámabók", the first settler in Iceland, Ingólfr, prepared for his voyage to claim land there in this way, as translated by Aðalsteinsson:


title: Blót

text: Þórólfr Mostrarskeggi made preparations similar to those of Ingólfr before he left Norway, according to "Eyrbyggja saga":


title: Blót

text: The Gutasaga was recorded at the beginning of the 13th century, still close enough in time for people to remember something of the ancient traditions. Only near the end of the 12th century did Christianity become the official form of religion on Gotland. The Gutasaga tells of the blót on the island of Gotland in the Baltic Sea:


title: Blót

text: The German chronicler Adam of Bremen has described how the blót was done at the Temple at Uppsala at Old Uppsala in Sweden, ca 1070:


title: Blót

text: Thor was the most powerful god and ruled over thunder and lightning, wind and rain, sunshine and crops. He sat in the centre with a hammer (Mjolnir) in his hand, and on each side were Odin, the god of war, in full armour and Frey, the god of peace and love, attributed with an enormous erect phallus. All the pagan gods have their priests who offer them the people's sacrifices. If there is disease or famine, they sacrifice to Thor, if war to Odin and if weddings to Frey.


title: Blót

text: Every ninth year there is a blót of nine days, a common feast for everyone in Sweden. Then they sacrifice nine males of each species, even men, and the bodies are hung from the branches of a grove near the temple. No one is exempt from this blót and everyone sends gifts to the shrine, even the kings. Those who are Christian have to pay a fee not to take part in the blót.


title: Blót

text: It is possible that the last nine-day blót was performed in 1078. The Temple at Uppsala was probably destroyed by King Ingold I in 1087. For quite some time there had been civil war between Christians and pagans every nine years, and this was the year of the last battle.


title: Blót

text: According to Snorri, there was a main blót at the Temple at Uppsala in February, the , during which they sacrificed for peace and for the victories of the king. The blót was also performed to see how large the next harvest would be. Then the Thing of all Swedes was held and there was a grand fair, the Disting. The Disting survived Christianity, and the tradition has never been interrupted. The fair is still held every first Tuesday in February in Uppsala, even though the date has sometimes been moved within the month. In 1968, the tradition of discussing official matters was resumed.


title: Blót

text: In the Swedish forest of Tiveden, there were for a long time after Christianisation reports of pagan sacrifices taking place. One such site was Trollkyrka (lit. "troll-church"). In 1941, the Swedish folklorist B.G. Carlshult recorded a folk poem about it.


title: Blót

text: The Old Norse calendar consisted of a summer half year and a winter half year, not the four seasons modern Europeans are accustomed to. The winter half of the year began in mid-to-late October, the summer half of the year began in mid-to-late April. Some blót were associated with these turning points.


title: Blót

text: According to the Old Norse corpus, a blót and the sacrifice of animals took place in autumn around 20 October (Gregorian calendar) at the beginning of "the winter nights". This was one of the periods into which the year was divided according to the pagan calendar, and it might also have marked the beginning of the new year. The "winter nights" blót is the pagan ceremonial feast best known from the written record. This blót was also called "dísablót" and was dedicated to the female fertility deities, "disir", or "diser". Some sources mention blót dedicated to Freyr during "the winter nights".


title: Blót

text: The Icelandic festival, Jónsmessa (St John's Mass), or Midsummer Night, celebrated on 24 June near the summer solstice, is mentioned in "Ágrip", a late 12th-century history of the kings of Norway written in Old Norse. It says in chapter 19 that King Óláfr Tryggvason:


title: Blót

text: In Scandinavian Yule or Christmas traditions in particular, such as the "Christmas porridge", of which an extra bowl often is served and carried outdoors, because this is a meal shared with the guardian of the homestead, the "tomte" ("nisse" in Danish and Norwegian, "tonttu" in Finnish), a land wight.


title: Blót

text: The Þorrablót is an Icelandic tradition introduced in the 19th century, deliberately harking back to the term "blót" associated with pre-Christian times.


title: Blót

text: The blót at Yule may be the origin of the Orcadian practice recorded in the 18th century by which each family in Sandwick that rears pigs would slaughter one sow on the 17th of December which was known as Sow Day. A similar practice is recorded in the 19th century in which each household on North Ronaldsay slaughtered a sheep known as the Yule sheep on Christmas Eve.


title: Blót

text: Reconstructionist adherents of contemporary Germanic paganism have developed traditions of "blót" rituals celebrated in a contemporary context since the 1970s. In these practices, animal sacrifice is usually replaced with offerings of food or drink, although there remains a large focus on sharing food and strengthening relationships.


title: Nash Grier

text: Hamilton Nash Grier (born December 28, 1997) is an American Internet personality. He became known for his online videos on the now-defunct video sharing service Vine in early 2013. By 2015, Grier was the second most-followed user on the platform.


title: Nash Grier

text: Hamilton Nash Grier was born and raised in North Carolina by mother Elizabeth Floyd and father Chad Grier, who is now one of his managers. He is the second-oldest child with an older brother, Will Grier, a football quarterback who was drafted by the Carolina Panthers in the 2019 NFL Draft; a younger brother, Hayes, who also posted vines; and a younger half-sister, Skylynn.


title: Nash Grier

text: Nash Grier was a freshman at Davidson Day School when the mobile app Vine was released, a social media platform which allows users to post looping 6-second videos for others to view. Grier began to post comedy-related videos for friends and classmates and quickly amassed a wider fanbase.


title: Nash Grier

text: Grier began making short videos on the app Vine after its release in early 2013. One of his initial videos gained recognition and Grier quickly began gaining thousands of followers on the app. As his popularity grew, Grier joined a newly formed group called Magcon (Meet and Greet Convention) in October of that year described as "a boy-band phenomenon without the band." Grier participated in the group with his brother Hayes and other Vine stars Cameron Dallas, Matthew Espinosa, Jack & Jack, Taylor Caniff, Shawn Mendes, Carter Reynolds, and Mahogany Lox. The group held events where fans could meet and interact with Internet personalities. The shows drew in thousands of fans who followed the group members on social media.


title: Nash Grier

text: In April 2013, Grier posted a Vine in which he said, "Yes, it is! Fag!" in response to an OraQuick at-home oral HIV test ad which stated, "Testing for HIV... It's not a gay thing." Grier later deleted the vine but a recording of it resurfaced in July 2014 and Grier faced renewed scrutiny. Grier posted an apology on Twitter noting that he was "young, ignorant, stupid and in a bad place. I've moved on and learned from my mistakes and I am so truly sorry to anyone I have offended."


title: Nash Grier

text: In April 2014, the Magcon group broke up due to disagreements between members' managers. Following the split, Grier moved to Los Angeles with fellow Magcon member Cameron Dallas to focus on his career. That summer, Grier joined DigiFest, a "social media tour" with thousands of attendees where personalities performed comedy and dance sets, Q&A sessions, and posed for pictures with fans.


title: Nash Grier

text: Grier and other members of his management have released mobile games and social media apps including "Cash Dash", "Mobli," and "Challenged". Grier has his own website where fans can buy his merchandise as well as an Aéropostale clothing line called "UnitedXXVI," designed in part by Grier, Dallas, and younger brother Hayes. Aéropostale faced backlash for partnering with Grier due to his earlier controversies. "BuzzFeed News" noted "the backlash highlights the challenges brands face in working with today’s new breed of celebrity in a supremely competitive landscape."


title: Nash Grier

text: Grier has stated that he is mostly self-taught on how to edit videos, and his 'apparent spontaneity' is actually shrewdly crafted and scripted, with clips refilmed many times and sometimes edited for hours. As of May 2016, Nash has over 12.7 million Vine followers, 4.78 million subscribers on his YouTube channel, 4.8 million Twitter followers and over 9.1 million followers on his Instagram account. His second Vine account, "Nash Grier 2", where he posts less scripted videos, has more than 2.4 million followers. Grier's management has confirmed that major brands will pay Grier anywhere between $25,000–$100,000 to advertise their products in his Vines. Because of his popularity, Grier has appeared on various news shows including "Good Morning America" and "The View".


title: Nash Grier

text: Grier's first lead acting role was in Fullscreen's "The Outfield", which premiered November 10, 2015, worldwide on the iTunes Store. He also directed a music video for singer Bera called "I Look Good On You" which was released on Grier's YouTube Channel. In 2016, he appeared on the cover of Vanity Teen magazine. In 2017, Grier appeared in "You Get Me" with co-star Bella Thorne.


title: Nash Grier

text: Grier is engaged to Taylor Giavasis, whom he has dated since 2015. In September 2019, the couple announced the birth of their son. In December 2021, the couple announced they were expecting the birth of their second child. In July 2022, the couple announced the birth of their daughter.


title: Liz Callaway

text: Liz Callaway (born April 13, 1961) is an American actress, singer and recording artist, who is best known for having provided the singing voices of many female characters in animated films, such as Anya/Anastasia in "Anastasia", Odette in "The Swan Princess", Jasmine in the "Aladdin" sequels "The Return of Jafar" and "Aladdin and the King of Thieves", adult Kiara in "", and a dancing napkin ring in "Beauty and the Beast". She was also the original Ellen in the Broadway production of "Miss Saigon".


title: Liz Callaway

text: Callaway was born in Chicago, Illinois to Shirley Callaway, a singer, pianist, and vocal coach, and John Callaway, a journalist. Her sister is actress, composer, and singer Ann Hampton Callaway, with whom she sang the theme song for the Fran Drescher comedy series "The Nanny", which Hampton Callaway also composed. Both sisters attended New Trier High School (New Trier East) in Winnetka, Illinois. Callaway has also appeared in a number of cabaret and stage productions with her sister. Recordings of two of them, "Sibling Revelry" recorded live at Rainbow and Stars in 1995 and "Boom!" recorded live at Birdland in 2011, have been released.


title: Liz Callaway

text: Liz Callaway made her Broadway debut in Stephen Sondheim's short-lived "Merrily We Roll Along" (1981). This began a long-term professional relationship with Sondheim: Callaway has performed in a number of live concerts in his honor, appeared with Sondheim on "Inside the Actors Studio", and also played the role of Young Sally in the Lincoln Center concert production of "Follies" with Mandy Patinkin, Barbara Cook, George Hearn, Lee Remick, Carol Burnett, Elaine Stritch, and the New York Philharmonic. "Follies" was recorded live and also filmed as a documentary.


title: Liz Callaway

text: Additional stage credits include Lizzie in "Baby" (for which she earned a Tony Award nomination), "The Three Musketeers", "The Spitfire Grill" (for which she earned a Drama Desk Award nomination), "Sunday in the Park with George", "Evita", "Cats", and "Miss Saigon". Liz also performed in "The Look of Love", a 2003 musical revue of the songs of Burt Bacharach and Hal David. Callaway also had her own children's television show on WNEV-TV in Boston, "Ready to Go", which ran from 1987 to 1991, winning her an Emmy Award. She left this series to begin rehearsals for "Miss Saigon" on Broadway.


title: Liz Callaway

text: In July 2012, she starred as Norma Desmond in the Pittsburgh CLO's new production of "Sunset Boulevard"


title: Liz Callaway

text: Callaway has also provided the singing voices for a number of animated characters, including Anya/Anastasia in "Anastasia", Kiara in "", Princess Jasmine in "The Return of Jafar" and "Aladdin and the King of Thieves", and Princess Odette in "The Swan Princess".


title: Liz Callaway

text: She has performed various cabaret acts at Joe's Pub, Rainbow and Stars, the Russian Tea Room, 54 Below, and Lincoln Center in New York City, and at the Donmar Warehouse in London, among other venues.


title: Liz Callaway

text: Callaway's solo recordings include "Anywhere I Wander" (1993), "The Story Goes On" (1995), and "The Beat Goes On" (2001). She released her fourth recording, "Passage of Time", for the record label PS Classics, on October 20, 2009, which featured an appearance with her sister Ann Hampton Callaway. In 2015 she released an album of songs from her most recognized work, "The Essential Liz Callaway".


title: Liz Callaway

text: Liz married theatre director and producer Dan Foster in 1985, a founding producer of the Hudson Stage Company, a nonprofit, professional theatre company in residence at Pace University in Westchester County, New York. They have a son.


title: Harvey Bullock (character)

text: Harvey Bullock () is a fictional detective appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly in association with the superhero Batman. The character first appeared in "Detective Comics" #441 (June 1974) and was created by Archie Goodwin and Howard Chaykin. He debuted in live-action in 2014 on Fox's television series "Gotham", where he was portrayed by Donal Logue.


title: Harvey Bullock (character)

text: There is some ambiguity concerning the character's origins. Writer Doug Moench and artist Don Newton introduced Harvey Bullock in "Batman" #361 (July 1983) as a device to resolve the ongoing plotline with Gotham City's corrupt mayor Hamilton Hill, and subsequent "Who's Who in the DC Universe" entries acknowledged this as the new Bullock's first appearance. However, in later years Batman fans began pointing out that a "Lt. Bullock" appeared in three panels of "Detective Comics" #441 (1974), written by Archie Goodwin, pencilled by Howard Chaykin, and published almost a decade before. Moench admitted that he must have read this comic because he is an Archie Goodwin fan, but denied that Harvey Bullock is the same character. He argued that it is unlikely that he drew on Goodwin's Lt. Bullock even unconsciously, since there are discrepancies of both personality and continuity between his character and Goodwin's, and he distinctly remembers taking the name "Bullock" from guitarist Hiram Bullock. Archie Goodwin is legally Harvey Bullock's sole creator; Moench said he decided not to contest this because he did not want to make a case against Goodwin's widow Anne Goodwin, whom he considers a friend.


title: Harvey Bullock (character)

text: Following the conclusion of the Hamilton Hill storyline, Moench decided he enjoyed writing Harvey Bullock enough to keep him on as a supporting character, which necessitated some softening of his original characterization as a corrupt cop. Bullock was one of several Batman supporting cast members swept out of the Batman family of titles when Denny O'Neil became the Batman editor in 1986, but in 1987 writer Paul Kupperberg brought him into the "Vigilante" cast. Kupperberg recalled, "Harvey Bullock was a character very much in my wheelhouse, a wise-cracking loudmouth with a Brooklyn accent and a problem with authority, although he wasn't originally intended to be a permanent member of the "Vigilante" cast. He was brought in for a guest-shot, as a character to help Vigilante's handler, Harry Stein, grease the wheels in Gotham City for them on whatever case they were on. I had fun writing him, and the interaction between Harvey and Harry Stein, another slob with his own way of doing things, clicked. I don't think they were using him much, if at all, in the Batman books by then, so we got permission from the Bat-office to have the character on semi-permanent loan for "Vigilante" and its successor title, "Checkmate"."


title: Harvey Bullock (character)

text: Prior to the 1985–1986 DC maxi-series "Crisis on Infinite Earths", Bullock was a crooked police detective under instructions from Gotham City's Mayor Hamilton Hill to sabotage Commissioner Gordon's career when he is formally re-introduced in "Batman" #361 (July 1983), in the story entitled "The Most Successful Species", written by Doug Moench and penciled by Don Newton. His method of doing so was to pretend to be exceedingly clumsy, thereby spoiling whatever Gordon was trying to do, seemingly accidentally. After inadvertently giving Gordon a heart attack, however, Bullock turns over a new leaf. His character later develops into a well-meaning cop who (probably) "was" exceedingly clumsy, similar to the later animated version. He also forms a close bond with Robin, based initially on their mutual love of old movies. Subsequent to this, he is a Bishop in the spy organization Checkmate.


title: Harvey Bullock (character)

text: Following the continuity changes brought about in most of DC's comics by "Crisis", Bullock is perhaps the most controversial police officer in the Gotham City Police Department. His colleagues in the Major Crimes Unit swear up and down that he is a good cop, despite his reputation for taking bribes, using excessive force, and having ties to organized crime. He is not without endearing qualities, however, including a fondness for doughnuts and a hidden sentimental streak. He also has a brief relationship with a widow he meets at work.


title: Harvey Bullock (character)

text: This new post-"Crisis" Bullock was retconned as having been loyal to Gordon from the start. Even before he is promoted to detective, he stays by Gordon during one of the Joker's rampages, saving his life. Eventually, without Batman's assistance, Bullock and Gordon stop the Joker from causing an explosion that would have leveled Gotham City. During the entire case, Bullock plays the part of the "bad cop," intimidating and threatening whoever gets in his way. At this point, Bullock still wears a regular police uniform.


title: Harvey Bullock (character)

text: Several years later, Bullock is made detective. He again works closely with Gordon, as part of a small crew of people Gordon knows he can trust. This group includes Maggie Sawyer, Harvey Dent, and Detective Cohen as they try to bring down Sal Maroni. Though Gordon knows of and has recordings of Bullock's brutality against suspects, he brings him in because the man has never accepted bribes. The events surrounding this squad work around the events of "". Bullock and the group are then joined by Crispus Allen, and together they take down a gathering of Gotham's "freaks", such as the Joker, Clayface and Scarecrow. Later Bullock is partnered with Renee Montoya and they both become very loyal to each other. For a time Bullock works with the international spy agency Checkmate. They confront threats ranging from counterfeiters to cult-terrorists. He has a rocky relationship with those above him, such as defying intelligence expert Amanda Waller over the proposed murder of heroic vigilante Black Thorn.


title: Harvey Bullock (character)

text: Bullock also gained his own story arc, "A Bullet for Bullock" by Chuck Dixon. The story is about someone trying to kill him, which was also adapted into an episode for "".


title: Harvey Bullock (character)

text: Bullock is on the front lines during the "Knightfall" storyline when Arkham empties and its inmates riot through the streets. Bullock takes control when Riddler takes an entire talk show hostage. He is almost obliterated by a bomb planted in the mayor's mansion; he is saved at the last second by Batman.


title: Harvey Bullock (character)

text: During the "Trioka" arc, Bullock is badly injured during a confrontation with the KGBeast, who has gained control of a small nuclear weapon. Robin and several members of the Gotham City Police Department brave a burning chemical plant, partly to save his life. Bullock almost dies during this incident, but is saved by CPR administered by Robin. Mackenzie "Hardback" Bock, a newcomer to the force, becomes involved, helping Robin carry Harvey out of harm's way. The nuclear bomb is then neutralized by Batman.


title: Harvey Bullock (character)

text: In the "" storyline, Bullock is confronting Anarky in a shopping mall when an earthquake hits Gotham City. Both save their own lives by diving into a hollow art structure. Despite this, Bullock's arm is impaled by a tube of metal. He does not let this stop him, and makes his way back to the badly damaged police headquarters.


title: Harvey Bullock (character)

text: As soon as he learns Gordon is missing, he slams his arm against a wall, knocking out the bar, and institutes a search. Bullock finds and saves a rattled Gordon from the debris of his own office.


title: Harvey Bullock (character)

text: A few weeks later, Gotham is shut down and closed off by the government in the incident known as "No Man's Land". Bullock and several other officers, Renee included, willingly stay behind to assist Gordon. Bullock sticks by Gordon through the death of many fellow officers. When SWAT leader Billy Pettit revolts and takes even more officers with him, Bullock sticks with Gordon. Renee herself is even lost for a while due to Two-Face. In the end, efforts led by Lex Luthor re-open Gotham. Gordon, Bullock, Renee and the remaining officers (Pettit and the others had been killed) are given their jobs back. Bullock is then promoted to lieutenant and becomes the shift commander of the GCPD's Major Crimes Unit.


title: Harvey Bullock (character)

text: In the "Officer Down" storyline, disgruntled former officer Jordan Rich attempts to kill Gordon. Afterwards, a vengeful Bullock reveals Rich's location to the Mafia, thereby indirectly killing the shooter. When evidence of this comes out, he resigns from the force.


title: Harvey Bullock (character)

text: He then appears in the "Unresolved" story arc in "Gotham Central", where he has descended into a life of alcoholism and is shown contemplating suicide.


title: Harvey Bullock (character)

text: As part of DC's "One Year Later" storyline, Bullock has returned to the GCPD, with the understanding that he is not allowed a single mistake. The circumstances behind this are unknown, the only clue so far being the line: "Six months since Harvey Bullock made his discoveries." Batman and Bullock have made their peace, agreeing to give each other a second chance after their past disagreements; Batman tells Bullock that he considers the ledger "erased".


title: Harvey Bullock (character)

text: Bullock is seen as one of the leads against the fight of a war between unauthorized Joker and Batman gangs.


title: Harvey Bullock (character)

text: Later it is established he keeps in regular communication with his mother and has two cats, one of which, Sprinkles, has cancer.


title: Harvey Bullock (character)

text: While little has ever been told of Harvey's past prior to him joining the Gotham City Police Department, he himself has stated that he was once a welterweight Golden Gloves competitor and was good enough to go pro, but chose not to because he disliked the "regimented lifestyle".


title: Harvey Bullock (character)

text: Bullock is sent to meet and greet Jason Bard, whom Gordon has recruited for the police force. Bullock is shown to be on friendly terms with fellow Gotham cop Maggie Sawyer. Hours later, Bard arrests James Gordon for manslaughter after a train crash.


title: Harvey Bullock (character)

text: During the investigation into a long-running series of police murders, Bullock is kidnapped and replaced by a female killer known as Jane Doe. Jane is obsessed with the figurative and literal taking of other people's lives. That it was only Batman who noticed Bullock had been replaced causes the detective great distress.


title: Harvey Bullock (character)

text: Harvey assists in citywide riots by helping James Gordon, now exonerated thanks to Batgirl, wire the entire city to display the Bat-signal. This raises the morale of the citizens and calms much of the panic.


title: Harvey Bullock (character)

text: In the DC Rebirth reboot universe, Bullock is partnered with Commissioner Gordon when he attempts to raid Wayne Manor. Bullock tries to convince Gordon not to go through with it, but is unable to. Bullock goes on to cameo several times, usually alongside Gordon In the alternate future where Tim Drake becomes the Batman, Bullock is seen as an aid to Commissioner Montoya in the old section of the city. In the aftermath of the city of Bane. Harvey Bullock is filling as commissioner of Gotham City Police department after Jim Gordon who disappeared after being infected by a virus from the Batman Who Laughs.


title: Harvey Bullock (character)

text: In the comic book "The Batman Adventures", Bullock is forced to resign after Oswald Cobblepot becomes mayor, thanks to Temple Fugate rigging the elections to exact revenge on Mayor Hill. As with the DCU version, he becomes a private detective.


title: Harvey Bullock (character)

text: The "" graphic novel features a very different version of the Bullock character. This Bullock is young, fit, and handsome, the former star of a reality show called "Hollywood Detectives". He comes to Gotham in order to solve the old Wayne Murder case. Despite his flashy exterior, he is a well-trained and highly qualified police officer with good morals. However, he is not averse of police brutality if situations force him into it to get a job done. He is partnered with James Gordon, who he at first believes is taking bribes. He later finds out that the real reason Gordon doesn't stop crimes is because he fears that the mob will kill his daughter like they allegedly killed his wife. When Barbara Gordon is kidnapped by a murderer known as the Birthday Boy, the two go to rescue her, and they manage to do it with Batman's help. However, finding the bodies of Birthday Boy's previous victims breaks Bullock and he becomes an alcoholic. As of "Volume Two," Bullock begin to recover his alcoholism after being urged from Gordon that he needs Bullock as an ally.


title: Harvey Bullock (character)

text: In Earth-Three, a universe where all heroes are villains, Harvey's counterpart appears in "Justice League" #24 in Outsider's flashback. Harvey Bullock of Earth-Three is still a member of Gotham Police, but he is a corrupt cop. Like the rest of GCPD of this universe, he works under Owlman. He is seen with the Earth-Three version of Renee Montoya in an alleyway pulling their guns out and stopping a family who was out watching a movie nearby. They demand the family to empty out their purses and wallets "in the name of the law". The family however are also armed with guns and begin firing. Harvey then requests backup but it is denied as the rest of the police are currently helping Owlman track down the Joker (who is a hero in this universe). Renee and Bullock are then run over by Outsider despite them being allies since the Outsider was trying his best to follow Owlman. It is unclear whether Outsider did not see them or he simply did not care since Gotham PD worked under Owlman and he believed them to be expendable.


title: Harvey Bullock (character)

text: In the "Infinite Frontier" reboot, Harvey Bullock was the one who killed Thomas, Martha and Bruce Wayne while Thomas Wayne Jr. survives and eventually becomes Owlman. In 2012 Owlman captured Bullock, intending to hand him over to the police to serve a life sentence in prison. Bullock recognizes Owlman as Thomas Wayne Jr. and tries to bargain for his life by revealing that his parents were criminals who worked for Boss Gordon and tried to usurp his empire, killing his son in the process. Bullock was ordered to kill the Waynes in retribution. After learning the truth, Owlman became nihilistic and renounced his code, dropping Bullock from the top of Wayne Tower to his death.


title: Harvey Bullock (character)

text: In the "Flashpoint" universe, Harvey Bullock is an alcoholic who patronizes Montoya's bar. Batman interrogates him for information on the Joker.


title: Harvey Bullock (character)

text: In the alternate reality of "" Superman has subtly taken over the planet and violently taken over Gotham City. Harvey Bullock is brutally beaten by a 'stormtrooper' (a super-soldier working for the Regime) for trying to show his badge. In response to Superman's various crimes, Harvey and many of Gotham's police take stolen Krytptonian technology and gain super-powers, putting them on Superman's level and thus starting a war to take back their city. In "Year Three," Bullock quits the Insurgency when they become affiliated with Doctor Fate and John Constantine, claiming that this is now out of his league. Detective Chimp though tells him that he's a good cop and that they need him to help take down Superman, but before Harvey makes his decision, The Spectre bursts through the door and kills Harvey by obliterating him and his skeletal remains.


title: Harvey Bullock (character)

text: In the Elseworlds series "", Bullock is shown to be Gotham's Commissioner of Police. (Reference is made to Gordon having been murdered, but nothing specific is known about his death.) Bullock is even shown defending Batman against reporters in one panel, an opposite of mainstream Bullock.


title: Harvey Bullock (character)

text: Bullock is set to appear alongside Commissioner Gordon in the "Batman '89" comic book series, a canonical comic continuation of Tim Burton's "Batman" films, with screenwriter Sam Hamm returning to write the script with Joe Quinones providing the comic's art. Bullock was initially included in Hamm's original script for "Batman Returns", but the character was eventually discarded.


title: Harvey Bullock (character)

text: Detective Harvey Bullock appears in the projects of the DC animated universe, voiced by Robert Costanzo.


title: The Coup

text: The Coup is an American hip hop band from Oakland, California. Their music is an amalgamation of influences, including funk, punk, hip hop, and soul. Frontman Boots Riley's revolutionarily-charged lyrics rank The Coup as a renowned political hip hop band aligned to radical music groups such as Crass, Dead Prez and Rage Against the Machine.


title: The Coup

text: The Coup's music is driven by assertive and danceable bass-driven backbeats overlaid by critical, hopeful, and witty lyrics, often with a bent towards the literary. The Coup's songs critique, observe, and lampoon capitalism, American politics, white patriarchal exploitation, police brutality, marijuana addiction, romance, and disparities among races and social classes.


title: The Coup

text: The Coup's debut album was 1991s "The EP" and almost all of the songs on it (except "Economics 101") were put on 1993's "Kill My Landlord". In 1994, the group released its second album, "Genocide & Juice". The group took a four-year recording hiatus to work as community activists before releasing "Steal This Album" (the title of which pays tribute to 1960s radical Abbie Hoffman's yippie manifesto, "Steal this Book") to critical acclaim in 1998. "Steal This Album" featured the stand-out single, "Me and Jesus the Pimp in a ’79 Granada Last Night." The online magazine "Dusted" called "Steal This Album" "the best hip-hop album of the 1990s".


title: The Coup

text: In 2001, The Coup released "Party Music" to widespread praise. However, in part because of distribution problems, sales of the album were low. The original album cover art depicted group members Pam the Funkstress and Riley standing in front of the twin towers of the World Trade Center as they are destroyed by huge explosions, and Riley is pushing the button on a guitar tuner. The cover art was finished in June 2001 and the album was scheduled to be released in mid-September. However, in response to the uncanny similarity of the artwork with the September 11, 2001 attacks, the album release was delayed until November of that year with the cover featuring a hand with a flaming martini glass.


title: The Coup

text: The attention generated concerning the album's cover art precipitated some criticism of the group's lyrical content as well, particularly the "Party Music" track "5 Million Ways to Kill a CEO." The song's lyrics includes lines such as "You could throw a twenty in a vat of hot oil/When he jump in after it, watch him boil." Conservative columnist Michelle Malkin cited the song in calling the Coup's work a "stomach-turning example of anti-Americanism disguised as highbrow intellectual expression."


title: The Coup

text: On November 15, 2005, Tarus Jackson (AKA Terrance), who had joined the group as a promoter, was fatally shot during a robbery at his home in Oakland.


title: The Coup

text: December 2, 2006 saw another tragedy for the Coup: About two hours following a performance at the San Diego House of Blues, the tour bus in which the group was riding drove off the road and flipped over before becoming engulfed in flames. All passengers managed to climb out alive, although some were badly injured. The group did, however, lose all of its clothes, computers, cash, identification, house/car keys, cell phones, all of its instruments, and sound equipment. The ensuing insurance payment was delayed in its arrival, and the group was forced to cancel the rest of its tour.


title: The Coup

text: The group’s songs "My Favorite Mutiny" and "Pork & Beef" were featured in the 2007 film, "Superbad", with the former also being featured in the HBO miniseries "24/7 Flyers-Rangers", as well as in the video game "NBA Live 07", while "Ride the Fence" was featured in EA's 2007 skateboarding video game "Skate". The song “Captain Sterling’s Little Problem” accompanied the closing credits of "Sir, No, Sir", a documentary about the GI anti-war movement.


title: The Coup

text: On Wednesday January 13, 2010, The Coup’s bassist Dewey Tucker was shot and killed on the I-80 freeway in Hercules, CA, while driving from his home in Vallejo, CA, to rehearsal with The Coup in Oakland, CA. It was later found to be a case of mistaken identity.


title: The Coup

text: The Coup's sixth album, a concept album entitled "Sorry to Bother You", was released on October 30, 2012, to wide acclaim. The first track, "The Magic Clap", was leaked by the band themselves and posted below an article on August 13, 2012.


title: The Coup

text: The album "Sorry to Bother You" was inspired by a screenplay written by Riley, "a dark comedy with magical realism" that drew inspiration from his time spent working as a telemarketer. The film's screenplay was published by "McSweeney's" in 2014. Riley was able to secure funding to turn the script into the film "Sorry to Bother You", which was released in theaters by Annapurna Pictures on July 6, 2018. The film, which follows a young African-American telemarketer who adopts a white accent in order to thrive at his job, stars Lakeith Stanfield, with Armie Hammer, Tessa Thompson, Terry Crews, and Danny Glover in supporting roles.


title: The Coup

text: Having taken six years after their last album, The Coup recorded a full soundtrack to the film, entitled "The Soundtrack to Sorry to Bother You", and released the first single, "OYAHYTT (feat. Lakeith Stanfield)", on July 13, 2018. Guest artists included Janelle Monae, Killer Mike, and E40. Songs from the 2012 album were not in the actual film. Vinyl for the album was released in February 2020.


title: The Coup

text: Among other things, Boots Riley is known for charismatic, and seemingly inexhaustibly energetic, punk-like stage presence.


title: The Coup

text: In 1991, he and other artists founded the Mau Mau Rhythm Collective, a group set up to use the power of hip hop music to publicize other efforts and movements. The next year, Riley founded The Coup.


title: The Coup

text: In July 2002, Riley was a guest on Bill Maher's "Politically Incorrect" and repeatedly referred to himself as a communist. Maher criticized him by saying that communists don't sell records.


title: The Coup

text: Riley was charged with abusive language for allegedly using profanity on stage while performing with the band Galactic in Downtown Norfolk, Virginia, in the city's annual Bayou Boogaloo Festival at Town Point Park in June 2008. This was a result of controversy that started a few weeks prior in the same park when, at a different festival, singer Ray-J used language some found offensive. Riley's charge only carried a small fine. However, the American Civil Liberties Union decided to help him fight it on free speech grounds before the charge was ultimately dismissed by the city shortly thereafter.


title: The Coup

text: During Tom Morello's Fall 2008 tour as the Nightwatchman, Riley appeared on selected dates, and the two debuted a song from an upcoming project called Street Sweeper Social Club. In March 2009, a Web site appeared at the url streetsweepermusic.com, which debuted its first single "Fight! Smash! Win!" It was also announced that the band would be the opening act on the upcoming tour with Nine Inch Nails and Jane's Addiction.


title: The Coup

text: Boots Riley is also an active political/social organizer and speaker. He has been known to work with eviltwinbooking.org and speakoutnow.org, among other groups.


title: The Coup

text: Silk-E is a vocalist with The Coup, performing in-studio and on stage. She joined The Coup in 2003, during promotion of the "Party Music" album. Known for her wild, engaging performance antics, energetic dancing, and her soulful, gravelly voice. "Pitchfork" said she "sings and struts like Tina Turner raised on hip-hop.


title: The Coup

text: Part of her prowess is due to the fact that she started her career as a rapper. She has a solo album in which she is mainly rapping, entitled "Urban Therapy".


title: The Coup

text: Hassan Hurd is the drummer for The Coup. Hassan grew up in the church and was first known as a gospel drummer. He is known for the unshakable lock on his groove, explosive power and velocity, and crazy chops. At one point, he quit The Coup for a couple of years to pursue college football.


title: The Coup

text: JJ Jungle is the bassist for The Coup. He joined the group after bassist Dewey Tucker died. JJ Jungle is known for his energy, his never-failing lock into pocket, and his on stage acrobatics. JJ Jungle also has a band with Mike Dillon called Mike Dillon's Go-Go Jungle.


title: The Coup

text: B'nai Rebelfront plays guitar for The Coup. In the past, B'nai has played for R&B singer Tweet, and Tony! Toni! Toné!


title: The Coup

text: Pam the Funkstress (born Pam Warren), DJ for The Coup, was a student of the late DJ Prince of Charm. Pam the Funkstress went on to be the last tour DJ for Prince prior to his death. Prince gave Pam the name "Purple Pam". In addition to DJing, she owned and operated a successful catering business in Northern California. Pam did not usually tour with The Coup. On December 22, 2017, Pam died at age 51, due to complications following organ transplant surgery.


title: The Coup

text: Eric Davis, known as E-roc, was part of The Coup as a rapper for the first 2 albums and then left the group in 1997 to become a longshoreman with the International Longshore and Warehouse Union.


title: The Coup

text: Lionel "LJ" Holoman is a keyboardist for The Coup. In the past, Holoman worked with 50 Cent, B-Legit, Joss Stone and many other well known artist.


title: The Coup

text: DJO was part of The Coup as the original DJ before being replaced by Pam the Funkstress. He appeared in The Coup's first EP in 1991 and contributed to a handful of songs from “Kill My Landlord” before departing from the group.


title: The Coup

text: The 1997 film "Money Talks" starring Chris Tucker, has exactly the same opening scene as the opening scene of The Coup's 1993 video for "Not Yet Free". In both, the protagonist is riding around in an expensive looking Mercedes-Benz, pulls up to the car wash to park and gets out. In both, it is at this time that we figure out that the protagonist merely works at the car wash. In both, the protagonist holds the keys out in front of the actual owner and feigns as if he's going to hit the owner.


title: John F. Carroll

text: John F. Carroll (1932–1969) was one of 23 known people in medical history to have reached a height of or more. He suffered from severe, 2-dimensional spinal curvature (Kyphoscoliosis) and acromegalic gigantism. He had a standing height of on October 14, 1959, at age 27, but according to calculations by an engineer, his height would have been , assuming normal curvature of the spine. He was later measured at in 1968, having shrunk in stature due to his worsening spinal condition.


title: John F. Carroll

text: Carroll was born in Buffalo, New York and also known as the Buffalo Giant in medical literature. He was third in stature only to Robert Wadlow and John Rogan. His extraordinary growth started at the age of sixteen and continued until his death, despite extensive treatments at Mercy Hospital. At one point he grew in height in a year. He was buried in Holy Cross Cemetery in Lackawanna, New York.


title: 2000 United States census

text: The United States census of 2000, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13.2 percent over the 248,709,873 people enumerated during the 1990 census. This was the twenty-second federal census and was at the time the largest civilly administered peacetime effort in the United States.


title: 2000 United States census

text: Approximately 16 percent of households received a "long form" of the 2000 census, which contained over 100 questions. Full documentation on the 2000 census, including census forms and a procedural history, is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series.


title: 2000 United States census

text: This was the first census in which a stateCaliforniarecorded a population of over 30 million, as well as the first in which two statesCalifornia and Texasrecorded populations of more than 20 million.


title: 2000 United States census

text: Microdata from the 2000 census is freely available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System.


title: 2000 United States census

text: The U.S. resident population includes the total number of people in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The Bureau also enumerated the residents of the U.S. territory of Puerto Rico; its population was 3,808,610, an 8.1% increase over the number from a decade earlier.


title: 2000 United States census

text: In an introduction to a more detailed population profile (see references below), the Census Bureau highlighted the following facts about U.S. population dynamics:


title: 2000 United States census

text: Regionally, the South and West experienced the bulk of the nation's population increase: 14,790,890 and 10,411,850, respectively. This meant that the mean center of U.S. population moved to Phelps County, Missouri. The Northeastern United States grew by 2,785,149; the Midwest by 4,724,144.


title: 2000 United States census

text: The results of the census are used to determine how many congressional districts each state is apportioned. Congress defines the formula, in accordance with Title 2 of the U.S. Code, to reapportion among the states the 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives. The apportionment population consists of the resident population of the fifty states, plus the overseas military and federal civilian employees and their dependents living with them who could be allocated to a state. Each member of the House represents a population of about 647,000. The populations of the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico are excluded from the apportionment population because they do not have voting seats in the U. S. House of Representatives.


title: 2000 United States census

text: Since the first census in 1790, the decennial count has been the basis for the United States representative form of government. Article I, Section II specifies that "The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative." In 1790, each member of the House represented about 34,000 residents. Since then, the House more than quadrupled in size, and in 1911 the number of representatives was fixed at 435. Today, each member represents about 20 times as many constituents.


title: 2000 United States census

text: In the years leading up to the 2000 census, there was substantial controversy over whether the Bureau should adjust census figures based on a follow-up survey, called the post-enumeration survey, of a sample of blocks. (In 1999, the Supreme Court ruled 5–4 that the Constitution prohibits the use of such figures for apportionment purposes, but it may be permissible for other purposes where feasible.) The controversy was partly technical, but also partly political, since based on data from the 1990 census both parties believed that adjustment would likely have the effect, after redistricting, of slightly increasing Democratic representation in legislative bodies, but would also give Utah an additional, probably Republican, representative to Congress.


title: 2000 United States census

text: Following the census, discrepancies between the adjusted census figures and demographic estimates of population change could not be resolved in time to meet legal deadlines for the provision of redistricting data, and the Census Bureau therefore recommended that the unadjusted results be used for this purpose. This recommendation was followed by the Secretary of Commerce (the official in charge of making the determination).


title: 2000 United States census

text: After the census was tabulated, Utah challenged the results in two different ways. Utah was extremely close to gaining a fourth congressional seat, falling 857 people short, which in turn was allocated to North Carolina. The margin was later shortened to 80 people, after the federal government discovered that it overcounted the population of North Carolina by 2,673 residents. The Census Bureau counted members of the military and other federal civilian employees serving abroad as residents of their home state but did not count other people living outside the United States. Utah claimed that people traveling abroad as religious missionaries should be counted as residents and that the failure to do so imposed a burden on Mormon religious practice. Almost half of all Mormon missionaries, more than 11,000 people, were from Utah; only 102 came from North Carolina. If this policy were changed, then Utah would have received an additional seat instead of North Carolina. On November 26, 2002, the Supreme Court affirmed the lower court ruling that rejected Utah's efforts to have Mormon missionaries counted.


title: 2000 United States census

text: The state of Utah then filed another lawsuit alleging that the statistical methods used in computing the state populations were improper and cost Utah the seat. The Bureau uses a method called imputation to assign a number of residents to addresses where residents cannot be reached after multiple efforts. While nationwide the imputation method added 0.4% to the population, the rate in Utah was 0.2%. The state challenged that the use of imputation violates the Census Act of 1957 and that it also fails the Constitution's requirement in Article I, Section 2 that an "actual enumeration" be used for apportionment. This case, "Utah v. Evans", made it to the Supreme Court, but Utah was again defeated.


title: 2000 United States census

text: The census forms did not include any questions regarding sexual orientation, making it impossible to compile data comparing heterosexual and homosexual populations. However, two questions "were" asked that allowed same-sex partnerships to be counted. The questionnaires asked the sex of each person in a household and they asked what the relationship was between each of the members of the household. Respondents could check "Husband/wife" or "unmarried partner" or a number of other relationships. Responses were tabulated and the Census Bureau reported that there were more than 658,000 same-sex couples heading households in the United States. However, only about 25% of gay men and 40% of lesbians are in shared-household partnerships at any one time, according to non-census surveys. For every same-sex couple tallied in the census, there could be three to six more homosexual un-partnered individuals who would not be counted as gay. The census reported that same-sex male couples numbered 336,001 and female same-sex couples numbered 329,522. Extrapolating from those figures and the surveyed partnering habits of homosexuals, as many as 4.3 million homosexual adults could have been living in the U.S. in 2000. The exact number cannot be known because the census did not count them specifically. Bisexual and transgender populations were not counted, either, because there were no questions regarding this information. Also unavailable is the number of additional same-sex couples living under the same roof as the first, though this applies to additional heterosexual couples as well. The lack of accurate numbers makes it difficult for lawmakers who are considering legislation on hate crimes or social services for gay families with children. It also makes for less accuracy when predicting the fertility of a population.