title: Topiary

text: Americans in England were sensitive to the renewed charms of topiary. When William Waldorf Astor bought Hever Castle, Kent, around 1906, the moat surrounding the house precluded the addition of wings for servants, guests and the servants of guests that the Astor manner required. He accordingly built an authentically styled Tudor village to accommodate the overflow, with an "Old English Garden" including buttressed hedges and free-standing topiary. In the preceding decade, expatriate Americans led by Edwin Austin Abbey created an Anglo-American society at Broadway, Worcestershire, where topiary was one of the elements of a "Cotswold" house-and-garden style soon naturalised among upper-class Americans at home. Topiary, which had featured in very few 18th-century American gardens, came into favour with the Colonial Revival gardens and the grand manner of the American Renaissance, 1880–1920. Interest in the revival and maintenance of historic gardens in the 20th century led to the replanting of the topiary maze at the Governor's Palace, Colonial Williamsburg, in the 1930s.


title: Topiary

text: American portable style topiary was introduced to Disneyland around 1962. Walt Disney helped bring this new medium into being - wishing to recreate his cartoon characters throughout his theme park in the form of landscape shrubbery. This style of topiary is based on a suitably shaped steel wire frame through which the plants eventually extend as they grow. The frame, which remains as a permanent trimming guide, may be either stuffed with sphagnum moss and then planted, or placed around shrubbery. The sculpture slowly transforms into a permanent topiary as the plants fill in the frame.


title: Topiary

text: This style has led to imaginative displays and festivals throughout the Disney resorts and parks, and mosaiculture (multiple types and styles of plants creating a mosaic, living sculpture) worldwide includes the impressive display at the 2008 Summer Olympics in China. Living corporate logos along roadsides, green roof softscapes and living walls that biofilter air are offshoots of this technology.


title: Topiary

text: Artificial topiary is another offshoot similar to the concept of artificial Christmas trees. This topiary mimics the style of living versions and is often used to supply indoor greenery for home or office decoration. Patents are issued for the style, design, and construction methodology of different types of topiary trees.


title: Australian Survivor (season 6)

text: Australian Survivor: Champions vs. Contenders 2, is the sixth season of Australian Survivor and the fourth season to air on Network Ten and to be hosted by Jonathan LaPaglia, and was filmed on the Fijian community of Savusavu.


title: Australian Survivor (season 6)

text: The television series is based on the international reality game show franchise "Survivor". As with the previous season, the season features 24 contestants divided into two tribes: "Champions", composed of twelve high-achievers who excelled in their fields, and "Contenders", composed of twelve everyday Australians.


title: Australian Survivor (season 6)

text: It premiered on Wednesday, 24 July 2019, and concluded on 17 September 2019 with Pia Miranda named the winner over Baden Gillbert in a unanimous 9–0 vote, winning the grand prize of A$500,000 and title of Sole Survivor.


title: Australian Survivor (season 6)

text: The 24 contestants were divided into two tribes based on celebrity status: "Champions," composed of 12 people who have received accolades and fame for their exceptional work in their given fields, and "Contenders," composed of 12 non-celebrities. The Champions include Boost Juice founder and "Shark Tank" star Janine Allis, former senator, Olympic hockey gold medalist and Olympic sprinter Nova Peris, Olympic speed skating gold medalist Steven Bradbury and "Australian Survivor" season 4 contestant Luke Toki, who is the first former "Australian Survivor" player to return for another season. Among the Contenders is professional wrestler Matt Farrelly, former AFL player Shaun Hampson and "The Amazing Race Australia 1" contestant Samantha "Sam" Schoers.


title: Australian Survivor (season 6)

text: David Genat, John Eastoe, Daisy Richardson, Abbey Holmes and Harry Hills competed on "". Andy Meldrum competed on "" with his sister Kate.


title: Australian Survivor (season 6)

text: Outside of "Survivor", David Genat competed on the fifth season of "The Celebrity Apprentice Australia" with Janine Allis appearing on the series as an advisor. In 2021, Steven Bradbury competed on "Celebrity Holey Moley". Luke Toki competed on "Big Brother VIP" which he won. In 2022, Pia Miranda competed on the fourth season of "The Masked Singer". Also in 2022, John Eastoe competed on "".


title: Australian Survivor (season 6)

text: The sequel to last season's theme, 24 contestants were divided into two tribes . 12 Contenders, representing everyday Australians, faced off against the 12 Champions, high achievers in their respective fields. Joining the Champions was Luke from "Australian Survivor" 2017 as the People's Champion. Despite having a returning player in their tribe, the Champions struggled in challenges with an initial Sporty Seven leading the tribe, until David, Janine, Luke, and Pia managed to get the alliance to turn on themselves. Meanwhile, the Contenders were a united front with Shaun, a former AFL player, and Daisy as a power duo, with Andy and Harry floating in the middle.


title: Australian Survivor (season 6)

text: Down 11 to 7, the Champions' new alliance were split apart in a tribe swap that left allies David and Luke stranded in a Champions tribe with 7 original Contenders. However, with clever idol plays, and the Contenders working to break up Andy's social game with the women, the duo managed to survive even after a surprise kidnap vote which saw Shaun being stolen from the Contenders by the new Champions tribe. With the physical power shifting to the new Champions, Harry and Janine led opposing alliances which saw Harry's remaining allies picked off one by one while he saved himself with idols. Before the merge arrived, the two made a truce to blindside the last of the remaining Sporty Seven Champions in Simon, but an injury at the last tribal immunity challenge by Ross saw Tribal Council cancelled for the Contenders.


title: Australian Survivor (season 6)

text: Ross's evacuation saw the Champions and Contenders on equal level entering the merge, but the Contenders lost their numbers when the merged tribe, Soli Bula, unanimously decided to take out Andy as an untrustworthy player, with Shaun following due to his status as a physical threat. The women in the Champions' alliance gathered the Contenders and Simon to blindside David and Luke, but a key immunity win by Luke saw the supermodel be sent to the jury instead of him. As the Contenders' numbers shrunk, Luke and Abbey started to stray from the Champions and aligned with the last two Contenders, Harry and Baden, to vote Simon to Exile Beach to defeat the last remaining Contender woman, Daisy. After Simon's return and subsequent permanent elimination, the new alliance turned on a perceived strategic powerhouse in Janine. With the bigger challenge threats eliminated, Luke began an immunity streak which also saw him finding an Send Back advantage, which allowed him to pick any player to send back to camp during Tribal before the vote. He used the advantage to send Baden back to camp in order to turn on Abbey over his closer ally, Pia. However, Luke's immunity run ended at the final four with the two Contenders and Pia sending him to the jury. With an "Australian Survivor" record-breaking final immunity challenge lasting over 6 hours and 40 minutes, Baden surprised the jury with an immunity win and sent the wily Harry to the jury instead of Pia.


title: Australian Survivor (season 6)

text: The final two, Baden and Pia, were both criticized for their subtle social game by the jury. However, Pia managed to point out her contributions to the numerous decisions made by the Champions' alliance post swap and kidnapping until the merge, which saw louder power players systematically voted out. Baden struggled to assert his agency in his game, rather than the game being played past him. With a unanimous decision of 9 votes by the jury, Pia's social and strategic game was awarded at the end of the final Tribal Council in Fiji with the grand prize and the title of Sole Survivor.


title: Australian Survivor (season 6)

text: Ratings data is from OzTAM and represents the viewership from the 5 largest Australian metropolitan centres (Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth and Adelaide).


title: Beethoven's 2nd (film)

text: Beethoven's 2nd is a 1993 American family film directed by Rod Daniel, and starred Charles Grodin, Bonnie Hunt, and Debi Mazar, and is the second of eight installments in the "Beethoven" film series. Initially, no sequel was planned, but it was produced after the unexpected financial success of the first film. It is the last entry in the franchise to be released theatrically, as well as to feature the original cast.


title: Beethoven's 2nd (film)

text: In the Newton family home, George, Alice, Ryce, Ted, Emily, and Beethoven are all well adjusted to living together. Beethoven sneaks out and meets a female St. Bernard named Missy and her owner, Brillo. His soon-to-be ex-wife, Regina, arrives with her boyfriend, Floyd, takes Missy, and is seeking $50,000 in the settlement as alimony. She has retained full custody of Missy and only plans to transfer her to Brillo once the divorce is finalized.


title: Beethoven's 2nd (film)

text: With Beethoven's help, Missy escapes from Regina's condominium, and they fall in love. Meanwhile, Ryce develops strong feelings for her classmate, Taylor Devereaux, after he kisses her. Ted and Emily become aware of Beethoven constantly sneaking out of the house and follow him, where they discover he and Missy had four puppies in the basement of the building. The janitor also finds them and informs Regina. She reclaims Missy and plans to get rid of the puppies, even if it means killing them, but the janitor talks her out of it by pointing out that purebred puppies are worth a lot of money and suggests that she could sell them at a pet store and make a fortune.


title: Beethoven's 2nd (film)

text: Thinking Regina plans to drown the puppies, Ted and Emily sneak them out of the building and take them home. They keep them in their basement so George will not see them. Realizing they took them, Regina plans revenge. Ryce, Ted, and Emily take it upon themselves to feed and care for them. Eventually, George discovers them and reluctantly agrees to keep them until they are mature.


title: Beethoven's 2nd (film)

text: The Newtons are offered a free stay in a lakefront house in the mountains owned by one of George's business associates. There, Taylor invites Ryce to a party with friends where she is exposed to teenage drinking and sexual harassment. Beethoven destroys the house's patio deck, removing her from potential danger. Regina and Floyd are staying in a location unknown to Brillo, coincidentally near the Newtons' vacation house. The Newtons go to a county fair with the dogs, and Ryce, Ted, and Emily persuade George to enter a burger eating contest with Beethoven, which they win. Regina and Floyd are also at the fair, but leave Missy in their car.


title: Beethoven's 2nd (film)

text: Missy escapes from the car with Beethoven's help while Regina snatches the puppies' leashes from Ted. Beethoven and Missy run into the mountains, followed by Regina and Floyd. The Newtons follow and catch up. After a confrontation between George and Floyd, the latter threatens to drop the puppies in the river below and pokes George in the stomach with a large stick. Beethoven charges into the stick and rams it into Floyd's groin, causing him to lose his balance and fall over the cliff, pulling Regina down with him. They land in a pool of mud and are swept away by the river.


title: Beethoven's 2nd (film)

text: Five months later, Brillo visits the Newtons with Missy, revealing that the judge in the divorce had granted him full custody of her and denied Regina's claim. The puppies, now adults, run downstairs to see her.


title: Beethoven's 2nd (film)

text: The film was Danny Masterson's screen debut. His younger brother, Christopher, also had a small role, but when the producers noticed the resemblance, they removed him.


title: Beethoven's 2nd (film)

text: The film is set in California, but the park scenes were filmed in Montana at Glacier National Park. The house used as the Newtons' vacation home is located on Milan Avenue in South Pasadena.


title: Beethoven's 2nd (film)

text: Production required more than a hundred smooth- and rough-coated St. Bernard puppies of various ages starting at seven weeks, who were then returned to the breeders. Missy was played by three adult short-haired dogs, and Beethoven was played by two long-haired ones, although only the dog who created the role in the first film is credited; a mechanical dog, a dog's head for specific facial expressions, and a man in a dog suit were also used.


title: Beethoven's 2nd (film)

text: The theme song, "The Day I Fall in Love", performed by James Ingram and Dolly Parton, was nominated for an Academy Award, a Golden Globe, and a Grammy Award.


title: Beethoven's 2nd (film)

text: Although the film was not well received by film critics, it received acclaim by audiences. Brian Lowry of "Variety" wrote that it "[amounted] to a live-action cartoon" and was "certainly a more pleasing tale" than the first. Roger Ebert of the "Chicago Sun-Times" gave it two stars, calling it "no masterpiece" but praising Grodin's work and noting that the dogs carried it. Kevin Thomas in the "Los Angeles Times" rated it "just as funny and appealing as 'Beethoven' the first" and also praised Mazar as Regina.


title: Beethoven's 2nd (film)

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a score of 23%, based on reviews from 13 critics, with an average rating of 4.55/10. Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave it a grade "A".


title: Festival of San Fermín

text: The festival of San Fermín is a weeklong, historically rooted celebration held annually in the city of Pamplona, Navarre, in northern Spain.


title: Festival of San Fermín

text: The celebrations start at noon on July 6 and continue until midnight on July 14. A firework starts off the celebrations and the popular song is sung at the end. The most famous event is the running of the bulls, which begins at 8 in the morning from July 7 to 14, but the festival involves many other traditional and folkloric events. It is known locally as "Sanfermines" and is held in honour of Saint Fermin, the co-patron of Navarre.


title: Festival of San Fermín

text: Its events were central to the plot of "The Sun Also Rises" by Ernest Hemingway, which brought it to the general attention of the English-speaking world. It has become probably the most internationally renowned festival in Spain with over a million people coming to participate.


title: Festival of San Fermín

text: Fermín is said to have been the son of a Roman of senatorial rank in Pamplona in the 3rd century, who was converted to Christianity by Saint Honestus, a disciple of Saint Saturninus. According to tradition, he was baptised by Saturninus (in Navarre also known as Saint Cernin) at the spot now known as the "Small Well of Saint Cernin" Fermín was ordained a priest in Toulouse, and returned to Pamplona as its first bishop. On a later preaching voyage, Fermín was dragged to death; and is now considered a martyr in the Catholic Church. It is believed he died on September 25, AD 303. There is no written record of veneration of the Saint in Pamplona until the 12th century. Saint Fermín, as well as Saint Francis Xavier, are now the two patrons of Navarre. In Pamplona, Saint Fermín is now sometimes said to have met his end by being dragged through the streets with angry bulls running after him, hence the tradition.


title: Festival of San Fermín

text: The celebration of the festival has its origin in the combination of two different medieval events. Commercial secular fairs were held at the beginning of the summer. As cattle merchants came into town with their animals, eventually bullfighting came to be organised as a part of the tradition. Specifically, they were first documented in the 14th century. On the other hand, religious ceremonies honouring the saint were held on October 10. However, in 1591 they were transferred to July 7 to take place at the same time as the fair, when Pamplona's weather is better. This is considered to be the beginning of the Sanfermines. During medieval times acts included an opening speech, musicians, tournaments, theatre, bullfights, dances or even fireworks. Bullrunning appears in 17th and 18th century chronicles together with the presence of foreigners and the first concerns about the excessive drinking and dissolute behaviour during the event. Finally, the Parade of Giants was created in the mid-19th century. The first official bullring was constructed in 1844.


title: Festival of San Fermín

text: The worldwide fame of the modern festival, and the great number of foreign visitors it receives every year, are closely related to the description in Ernest Hemingway's book The Sun Also Rises and the reports he made as a journalist. He was fascinated when he first visited in 1923, and returned many times until 1959. Hemingway was also deeply fond of bullrunnings and bullfights, but he did not participate in the running. Different city locations such as "La Perla Hotel" or the "Iruña Café" are famous in part due to the fact that the writer used to visit them. Another famous American author, James Michener, wrote extensively about the festival and bullfighting in his non-fiction book "Iberia". His writing explained the art and business of bullfighting with tremendous 'gracia' by explaining the importance of 'pundonor'.


title: Festival of San Fermín

text: The San Fermín Festival of the past was not like it is today: it has changed gradually both for better and for worse. Originally most of the youth looked forward to the festivities all year, saving money until they had at least fifty pesetas, the minimum necessary to watch the running of the bulls, have a snack and wine, eat lunch and dinner out, and eat churros with brandy a couple of times each San Fermín day.


title: Festival of San Fermín

text: After the religious function, the group formed by the Authorities and village, they came back to the Home of “the town”, at about 90 minutes after leaving it. Then was effectuated the move, to contemplate the bulls that while they were waiting to move, they grazed in the grove.


title: Festival of San Fermín

text: The opening of the festival is marked by setting off the firework "chupinazo" (or "txupinazo" in Basque language). The rocket is launched at 12:00 noon on July 6 from a city hall balcony with thousands of people celebrating the act in the city hall square and other locations in Pamplona. The "chupinazo" has officially marked the beginning of the fiesta since 1941. The person who sets it off is decided by the city mayor. Nevertheless, since 1979 tradition has been that each year after city elections the chupinazo is set off by a person from the different city council political groups beginning with the mayor and then political groups ordered by number of representatives. There have been exceptions to this tradition with some non-politicians being in charge of the act when they had performed significant achievements during the year. Examples of these exceptions were a player of the local soccer team, or the president of the "giants and big-heads" group in its 150 years anniversary. Following the rocket firing, a pipe band playing percussion and Txistus play amongst the crowds, and then marches off the main square.


title: Festival of San Fermín

text: The "Riau-Riau" was a mass activity held on July 6. The members of the city council parade from the City Hall to a nearby chapel dedicated to Saint Fermín with participants dancing to the "Astrain Waltz" along the way. The ritual was introduced in 1911 by Ignacio Baleztena Ascárate. The procession was removed from the festival calendar in 1992 for the sake of public order, as political activists used the "Riau-Riau" to promote clashes with authorities. Protesting youths would often block the way and it often took up to five hours for the city councilors to walk the 500 meters to the Saint Fermin chapel. Nevertheless, in recent years it has been held unofficially without the participation of the members of the city council. In 1996 and 2012 there were two failed attempts to restore the original act with the participation of the city council, both of them being cancelled due to the violent clashes with some participants.


title: Festival of San Fermín

text: The key day of the festival is July 7, when thousands of people accompany the 15th-century statue of Saint Fermin through the old part of Pamplona. The statue is accompanied by dancers and street entertainers, and different political and religious authorities including the city mayor and the Bishop of Pamplona, who leads High Mass before the event. During procession a Jota (an ancient traditional dance) is performed for the saint, a rose is offered in the Saint Fermin well, and the "gigantes" (enormous wood-framed and papier-mâché puppet figures managed from inside) dance and twirl while the cathedral bell named María (Mary) peals. Mass is held in the city cathedral, as well as in city parishes in honor of the patron.


title: Festival of San Fermín

text: "El Struendo" ("The Roar") is a single day event with more than 50 years of tradition. It has been purposely left outside the official program and each year is celebrated on a different day, usually on a weekday so as to keep the crowds manageable. People gather at 23:59 at the City Hall and make as much noise as possible for several hours with drums, cymbals, bowls, whistles, pans, or other objects.


title: Festival of San Fermín

text: After nine days of partying, the people of Pamplona meet in the City Hall Plaza at midnight on July 14, singing the traditional mournful notes of the "Pobre de Mí" ('Poor Me'), in a candlelit ending. The city mayor closes the festival with participants lighting a candle and removing their red handkerchief as the song is played by the local band, followed by a fireworks display at the city hall. This closing ceremony tradition, which marks the official close of the festivities, started out in the 1920s.


title: Festival of San Fermín

text: The running of the bulls (In Spanish "encierro" or "los toros de san Fermin") involves hundreds of people running in front of six bulls and another six steers down an 825-meter (0.51 mile) stretch of narrow streets of a section of the old town of Pamplona. The run ends in the Pamplona's bullring taking a mean time of around 3 minutes where the bulls would be held until the afternoon's bullfight when they would be killed. Bullruns are held between July 7 and 14 and a different "encaste" (sub-breed) of bull appears for each day of the festival.


title: Festival of San Fermín

text: The event begins at 08:00 when a first firecracker is lit to announce the release of the bulls from their corral. Before the year 1924 it started at 6 and at 7 between 1924 and 1974. Runners gather earlier at the beginning of the itinerary to ask for the protection of the Saint by singing a chant three times before a small statue of San Fermín which has been placed in a raised niche in a wall, in both Spanish and Basque:


title: Festival of San Fermín

text:
“"A San Fermín pedimos, por ser nuestro patrón, nos guíe en el encierro, dándonos su bendición.
Entzun, arren, San Fermin zu zaitugu patroi, zuzendu gure oinak entzierro hontan otoi."”
 (Both of which means “"To San Fermin we ask to be our patron saint and to guide us in the running of the bulls, giving to us his blessing"”)


title: Festival of San Fermín

text: "Viva San Fermin" and "Gora San Fermin" are shouted following the chant. While the chant since 1962 has been sung in Spanish, beginning 2009 a Basque translation is sung following.


title: Festival of San Fermín

text: A second cracker signals that the last bull has left the corral. There are six fighting bulls accompanied by six oxen (often white and brown coloured) that guide them to the "plaza" and followed by three more not fighting oxen. There are also some shepherds guiding the bulls, wearing green T-shirts and holding long poles. Once all of the bulls have entered the arena, a third rocket is released while a fourth firecracker indicates that the bulls are in their bullpens and the run has concluded. After the end of the run young cows with wrapped horns are released in the bullring and toss the participants, to the amusement of the crowd.


title: Festival of San Fermín

text: The circuit has only changed slightly since 1852 as the former bullring was located close to the present one. Before that date the bullrunning ended in the "castle plaza", still not far from the present bullring. While the origin of this tradition was the necessity to move the bulls from outside the city to the bullring for the bullfight it is not clear when citizens began to run in front of them. There are written records in 1787 that the tradition was already well established with no memory of its beginning. The tradition of singing for protection to the saint dates back to 1962.


title: Festival of San Fermín

text: The event is dangerous. Since 1925, 15 people have been killed during the event – most recently on July 10, 2009—and every year between 200 and 300 people are injured during the run although most injuries are contusions due to falls and are not serious.


title: Festival of San Fermín

text: TVE beams this more famous activity of the festivities to millions nationwide and internationally, and clips of the run itself - and the slow motion highlights from cameras placed on the route of the run - are uploaded minutes after the run on the RTVE Youtube channel.


title: Festival of San Fermín

text: Every day, during the morning, there is a parade of "gigantes y cabezudos" (English: "giants and big-heads", respectively), with the giant figures being more than 150 years old. The eight giant figures were built by Tadeo Amorena, a painter from Pamplona, in 1860, and represent four pairs of kings and queens of four different races and places (Europe, Asia, America and Africa). Their height is around each, and they are carried by a dancer inside a wooden structure. During the parade, giants dance following the rhythm of traditional music. The remaining 17 figures include 6 "kilikis", 5 big-heads, and 6 "zaldikos", built at different times between 1860 and 1941. "Kilikis" and big-heads are caricaturesque, but human-like figures that are carried as helmets. Big-heads masks are up to tall, and "kilikis" slightly smaller. While big-heads simply precede the giants and wave their hands at spectators, "kilikis" run after children, hitting them with a foam truncheon. "Zaldikos", figures representing horses with their riders, also run after children with a truncheon.


title: Festival of San Fermín

text: There are exhibitions and competitions of Basque rural sports every morning in the "Plaza de los Fueros", a square close to the city citadel, although they were formerly held in the bullring. Sports include stone lifting, wood cutting, or hay bale lifting. On the other hand, the Jai alai tournament of Sanfermin is a prestigious competition of this variety of basque pelota. It is held in one of the courts of the city. Betting is common during these events.


title: Festival of San Fermín

text: Every afternoon from July 7 to 14 there is a bullfight in which the 6 bulls that have been driven to the bullring during the bullrunning of that day are killed. It begins at 18:00. In addition the 5th bullfight with younger bulls and not fully trained bullfighters is performed while the 6th features bullfighters on horses (in Spanish "rejoneo"). While the bullring of the city is the fourth largest in size in the world, it is full every afternoon and tickets are hard to find.


title: Festival of San Fermín

text: Every night at 23:00, a firework spectacle is held at the citadel park. Fireworks spectacles have been known to occur in Sanfermin as far back as 1595. From 2000 to 2019 & since 2022, an international fireworks contest is held. Thousands of people watch them seated on the grass around the citadel.


title: Survivor Series (1996)

text: The 1996 Survivor Series was the 10th annual Survivor Series professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE). It was presented by Milton Bradley's Karate Fighters, and took place on November 17, 1996, at Madison Square Garden in New York, New York. The event is notable for seeing the debut of Dwayne Johnson, who wrestled under the name of Rocky Maivia in this event, and would later become known as The Rock.


title: Survivor Series (1996)

text: The main event was a standard wrestling match for the WWF Championship. Shawn Michaels defended the title against Sycho Sid. Sid won the title by pinning Michaels after hitting him with a television camera and performing a Powerbomb.


title: Survivor Series (1996)

text: The undercard featured Faarooq, Vader, Razor Ramon, and Diesel versus Flash Funk, Savio Vega, and Yokozuna, Jimmy Snuka, who had been inducted into the WWF Hall Of Fame the night before, in a four-on-four Survivor Series elimination match, Bret Hart versus Stone Cold Steve Austin in a standard wrestling match to determine the number one contender to the WWF Championship, Marc Mero, Rocky Maivia, Jake Roberts, and The Stalker versus Crush, Jerry Lawler, Hunter Hearst Helmsley, and Goldust in a four-on-four Survivor Series elimination match, The Undertaker versus Mankind in a standard wrestling match and The Godwinns, Doug Furnas and Phil LaFon versus The New Rockers, Owen Hart and The British Bulldog.


title: Survivor Series (1996)

text: Survivor Series is an annual gimmick pay-per-view (PPV), produced every November by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) since 1987. In what has become the second longest running pay-per-view event in history (behind WWE's WrestleMania), it is one of the promotion's original four pay-per-views, along with WrestleMania, SummerSlam, and Royal Rumble, and was considered one of the "Big Five" PPVs, along with King of the Ring. The event is traditionally characterized by having Survivor Series matches, which are tag team elimination matches that typically pits teams of four or five wrestlers against each other. The 1996 event was the 10th event in the Survivor Series chronology and was scheduled to be held on November 17, 1996, at Madison Square Garden in New York, New York.


title: Survivor Series (1996)

text: Survivor Series consisted of professional wrestling matches involving wrestlers from pre-existing feuds and storylines that played out on "Monday Night Raw" — WWF's primary television program. Wrestlers portrayed a hero or a villain as they followed a series of events that built tension, and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.


title: To the Abandoned Sacred Beasts

text: 100 years after settlers on the continent of Patria established a democratic nation, the discovery of an energy source called Somnium ore sparked a conflict. The nation of Patria split between the industrial Northern Union and the mining towns of the Southern Confederation, and began fighting a civil war. While the South had greater numbers, the North had a secret weapon: The Incarnates, soldiers who could transform into giant mythical beasts and single-handedly destroy enemy emplacements. However, when the war ended and a peace treaty was negotiated, the Incarnates were supposed to be destroyed. Instead, an officer named Cain betrayed his superiors and fled with the surviving Incarnates across the continent. Two years later, an Incarnate named Hank has made it his mission to hunt down the surviving Incarnates, assisted by a young woman named Char who blames him for killing her father.


title: To the Abandoned Sacred Beasts

text: "To the Abandoned Sacred Beasts" is written and illustrated by the duo Maybe. It began in Kodansha's "shōnen" manga magazine "Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine" on 9 June 2014. The series took a one-month break in August 2015 (it was not published in the September issue on 8 August) before resuming serialization in the October issue on 9 September 2015. Kodansha has collected its chapters into individual "tankōbon" volumes. The first volume was released on 9 December 2014. As of 9 March 2021, twelve volumes have been released.


title: To the Abandoned Sacred Beasts

text: North American manga publisher Vertical announced their license to the series in August 2015. Before they selected the series' current title, Vertical was originally going to publish the manga as "The Abandoned Sacred Beasts". The first volume was published on 17 May 2016.


title: To the Abandoned Sacred Beasts

text: An anime television series adaptation was announced on 5 February 2019. The series is animated by MAPPA and directed by Jun Shishido, with Shigeru Murakoshi handled the series composition, Daisuke Niinuma designed the characters, and Yoshihiro Ike composed the music. The series aired from 1 July to 16 September 2019 on Tokyo MX, BS11, and MBS. The opening theme song is by Mafumafu, while the ending theme song is "HHOOWWLL" by Gero×ARAKI. Crunchyroll streamed the series. It ran for 12 episodes. On 1 October 2019, Crunchyroll announced that the series would receive an English dub.


title: To the Abandoned Sacred Beasts

text: The first volume of the series reached 39th place on the weekly Oricon comics rankings, with 22,468 copies sold; the second volume reached 31st place, with 18,638 copies sold; the third volume reached 39th place, with 28,018 copies sold; and the fourth volume reached 24th place, with 32,728 copies sold.


title: Dan Ticktum

text: Daniel Charles Anthony Ticktum (born 8 June 1999) is a British racing driver currently racing with the NIO 333 FE Team in the Formula E World Championship.


title: Dan Ticktum

text: Ticktum became a member of the Red Bull Junior Team in 2017. During his time with Red Bull, Ticktum won the Macau Grand Prix in 2017 and 2018, and was runner-up in the 2018 FIA Formula 3 European Championship. In addition, Ticktum was awarded the McLaren Autosport BRDC Award in 2017 and was named Autosport National Driver of the Year in 2018.


title: Dan Ticktum

text: After a brief stint in the Super Formula Championship in 2019, Ticktum left the Red Bull Junior Team. He joined the Williams Driver Academy at the end of 2019, and stayed with them until the summer of 2021.


title: Dan Ticktum

text: Born in London, Ticktum began karting in 2007 at the age of eight and started racing in championships the following year. He enjoyed early success, winning the Bamford Kart Club Winter Series and competing in the Super 1 National Championship in the Honda Cadet class with Project One Racing in just his first year of competition. In the following two years Ticktum competed to drive in local and national championships, which culminated in winning the Buckmore Park Kart Club Winter Series in 2009 and placing second in the National Super One Championship the same year, having competed for Ambition Motorsport.


title: Dan Ticktum

text: In 2011, he completed the Grand Slam of British national cadet titles — winning the British Formula Kart Stars Championship, National ABkC Super One Championship, British Open Championship and British Grand Prix Championship, beating the likes of Lando Norris, Enaam Ahmed, Jamie Caroline and Billy Monger.


title: Dan Ticktum

text: A year later, Ticktum moved into the international scene, competing in the WSK Euro Series and WSK Master Series, finishing both championships as the highest placed rookie.


title: Dan Ticktum

text: In 2013, Ticktum joined Ricky Flynn Motorsport, finishing second in the European Championship, tying on points with winner Lando Norris, and second in the National Super One Championship. The same year Ticktum won the KFJ Andrea Margutti Trophy against the likes of Lando Norris and Jehan Daruvala, with previous winners being F1 stars Giancarlo Fisichella, Robert Kubica and Daniil Kvyat.


title: Dan Ticktum

text: The following year, Ticktum finished second in the WSK Masters to Enaam Ahmed and took part in his first test in the BRDC Formula 4 Championship with Lanan Racing, where he broke the lap record at the Brands Hatch Indy Circuit. He also finished sixth and fourth in the World and European championships respectively.


title: Dan Ticktum

text: In 2015, Ticktum graduated to MSA Formula with Fortec Motorsport. He led the early rounds of the Championship, taking two victories at Donington and one at Snetterton, but fell behind his main rivals Lando Norris and Colton Herta as the season progressed. At the penultimate round of the season at Silverstone, Ticktum got involved in an incident with Ricky Collard on the opening lap, which dropped him to the back of the field. During the ensuing safety car period he purposely overtook several cars to crash into Collard, taking both out of the race. This saw him receive a two-year ban from motorsport, of which one year was a suspended ban, as well as a disqualification from the event's results. Following the incident, Ticktum labelled himself "a fool" and apologised to his fellow drivers and the track marshals at the circuit. As a result, he finished sixth in his first season of single-seater racing and ended up second in the rookie standings, which he had originally won during the aforementioned Silverstone weekend.


title: Dan Ticktum

text: In 2016, Ticktum returned to motorsport, competing in the final round of the FIA European Formula 3 Championship in Hockenheim with Carlin. He also took part in the BRDC British Formula 3 Autumn Trophy with Double R Racing, where he won the second race and placed fourth in the standings. Following that, Ticktum made his debut in the Macau Grand Prix with Double R Racing, finishing eighth in Saturday's qualifying race before retiring early in the main race thanks to an accident caused by a rival.


title: Dan Ticktum

text: In 2015 Ticktum made a one-off appearance in the Formula Renault Eurocup with Koiranen GP, finishing 16th and eleventh in his two races at the Nürburgring.


title: Dan Ticktum

text: Following Ticktum's return to competition, he went into his first full racing season in 2017, driving in the Eurocup with Arden International, who were making their category debut that year, together with Ghislain Cordeel and Zane Goddard. He claimed his only win of the season at the Hungaroring, having qualified on pole during a wet-weather session, and scored two further podiums at Silverstone and the Nürburgring, finishing the season seventh in the drivers' standings. He also became the second-best rookie of the season, finishing thirty points behind Max Fewtrell.


title: Dan Ticktum

text: In September 2017, Ticktum made his debut in the GP3 Series at Monza with DAMS, partnering Tatiana Calderón and Bruno Baptista. He claimed a podium finish in his second full race weekend at the season finale in Abu Dhabi and finished eleventh in the standings, ahead of some full-time competitors, including all drivers who raced for DAMS that year.


title: Dan Ticktum

text: In November 2017, Ticktum competed in a one-off race at the Macau Grand Prix with Team Motopark. He qualified sixth and finished eighth in the Qualifying race, behind two of his teammates. However, Ticktum managed to overtake three of his rivals into Lisboa corner on lap 14 and claimed victory after leaders Ferdinand Habsburg and Sérgio Sette Câmara crashed in the final corner of the 15th and final lap. He would win the race again in 2018 after dominating throughout the whole weekend, topping the qualifying session, winning the qualifying race and dominating from lights to flag in the Grand Prix. Ticktum became the third driver to win the race in consecutive years.


title: Dan Ticktum

text: In December 2017, it was confirmed that Ticktum would contest the FIA Formula 3 European Championship with Team Motopark in 2018, alongside Sebastián Fernández, Fabio Scherer, Jonathan Aberdein, Marino Sato and Jüri Vips. Ticktum started the season in positive fashion, scoring third place in the opening race at Pau. He would better that result at the Hungaroring, where he took a lights-to-flag win in the first race and finished second to Enaam Ahmed in Race 3, though a component failure prevented a podium in Race 2. At the following round at the Norisring, Ticktum stalled at the start of the second race and was hit from behind by Ameya Vaidyanathan, which forced the Brit to go to hospital and his team to fully repair the car with just a few hours available. Thankfully for Ticktum, Motopark were able to fix his chassis and he went on to win the following race, less than a tenth ahead of teammate Vips. Ticktum later described the work his team had done as "unbelievable".


title: Dan Ticktum

text: The Brit endured a difficult weekend in Zandvoort, with him being squeezed into the path of Mick Schumacher by Ralf Aron at the first corner of the second race and receiving a drive-through penalty for a false start in the third race. Spa would be better for Ticktum, as he took victory in Race 2, having started from tenth on the grid. Another win at Silverstone put Ticktum into the lead of the championship, and he remained there following the seventh event, held at Misano.


title: Dan Ticktum

text: However, in the last three rounds of the championship, Schumacher scored a total of eight podiums out of nine races, with five successive wins, which put Ticktum from being 36 points ahead of the Prema driver after the Misano round to being 52 points behind by season's end. Both Ticktum and Prema's Ralf Aron suggested that there was something dubious about the form Schumacher and his teammate Robert Shwartzman were showing in the final third of the season, with the Brit describing their sudden surge in performance as "interesting".


title: Dan Ticktum

text: Ticktum amassed five pole positions and a total of eight podiums, becoming the highest-placed rookie in the final year of the series. His performances also made sure that Motopark would finish second in the teams' championship.


title: Dan Ticktum

text: Mid-2018 Ticktum made his debut in the Super Formula Championship with Team Mugen at Sportsland Sugo. He retired from that race, but competed in the following event at Fuji, finishing eleventh.


title: Dan Ticktum

text: Ticktum joined Team Mugen for the 2019 season, partnering Tomoki Nojiri. His campaign started out with an eighth place at the Suzuka Circuit, but things would head for the worst when Ticktum stalled his car after a spin on a curb in the next round at Autopolis. The spin damaged the chassis, and, after his request to check the car on a chassis dyno was denied by Mugen, Ticktum found himself being one second behind teammate Nojiri in qualifying for the round at Sportsland Sugo. He finished the race in 15th position, and was announced to be leaving the championship the following week when he was dropped from the Red Bull programme. He was replaced by Patricio O'Ward.


title: Dan Ticktum

text: After a brief hiatus from racing following his exit from the Red Bull Junior Team, during which Ticktum briefly considered quitting the sport, he would partake in a shakedown of the new Dallara 320 chassis at Varano. He then competed in two rounds of the Formula Regional European Championship for Van Amersfoort Racing, scoring a pair of podiums in Barcelona and raced in the 2019 Macau Grand Prix with Carlin, where he was involved in a pileup during the qualification race, but clawed his way back to 13th in the main event.


title: Dan Ticktum

text: At the start of 2018, Ticktum first tested in Formula 2 when DAMS' Nicholas Latifi had fallen ill. Following the Brit's Formula 3 campaign, he drove for Arden in the final round of the FIA Formula 2 Championship in Abu Dhabi, where he finished eleventh in his first race at that level. However, he was forced to retire from the sprint race after his car had developed a technical issue.


title: Dan Ticktum

text: In December 2019, it was announced Ticktum would contest the 2020 season with reigning team champions DAMS alongside Sean Gelael. Ticktum scored his first podium in the sprint race in Austria, and would follow that up with a second place one week later at the second Spielberg round. He would be deprived of a podium opportunity in Budapest after a mechanical issue, but Ticktum bounced back at Silverstone, where he earned his first victory in Formula 2, having held off a charging Christian Lundgaard in the final laps. However, the Brit then had to wait until the final race of the season to finish on the podium, with a collision with caused by Roy Nissany costing Ticktum a victory in Belgium, and a win at Monza which would be taken away from him due to lack of fuel after crossing the line leading to him falling out of the top ten in the standings. Ticktum finished his season eleventh in the championship, placing as the fourth-highest rookie. He would later make an appearance at the post-season test in Bahrain for Carlin alongside his F2 rival Jehan Daruvala.


title: Dan Ticktum

text: In 2021 he raced for Carlin alongside Daruvala. In the first round at the Bahrain International Circuit, Ticktum qualified fourth for Sunday's feature race. In sprint race 1 he collided with Richard Verschoor and received a five-second penalty. Despite this, he fought back to finish in eighth place. For the next race, he started from third but was forced to retire after being spun around at the first corner by Robert Shwartzman. In the feature race, Ticktum fell back at the start, but through the use of an alternative strategy, he got back to the lead pack and fought for the race win. When he overtook Oscar Piastri, the Australian collided with him and spun out; Ticktum, however, managed to keep going. He overtook Richard Verschoor on the penultimate lap and finished the race in second, only half a second behind Guanyu Zhou. At the next round Ticktum finished sixth in the first sprint race in Monaco, and after jumping Théo Pourchaire at the start and overtaking Oscar Piastri into the nouvelle chicane in sprint race two, he ended up second, just behind Liam Lawson. After the race Lawson was disqualified for using an illegal throttle map on the formation lap, which promoted Ticktum to take his first win of the season. In the feature race he battled his rival Piastri for a podium spot, but Ticktum was forced to retire when he got stuck at La Rascasse, after an attempted overtake on the Australian. Following the race Ticktum took the blame for the incident and apologised to his team.


title: Dan Ticktum

text: He was able to turn around his favours immediately, finishing second in the first Baku sprint race, having overtaken four drivers in the first half of the race. In the second sprint race of the weekend, Ticktum fell back to the back of the pack after being clipped by Zhou, but charged through the field after a safety car period to take sixth place. The feature race held similar fortunes: after a first-lap collision with Théo Pourchaire and Marcus Armstrong, which led to Ticktum having to pit for repairs, he fought back, moving up to eighth and setting the fastest lap of the race. At the next event, his home race at Silverstone, Ticktum finished on the podium in both the second sprint and the feature race, scoring more points that weekend than any other driver bar championship leader Oscar Piastri, and was also the only driver to score two podiums that weekend.


title: Dan Ticktum

text: After the summer break Ticktum was taken out in a collision with Felipe Drugovich in the first race at Monza, and despite eleven overtakes in the second sprint he was unable to get into the points-paying positions. Ticktum then started the feature race from eighth on the grid, being the first driver to line up with harder tyres at the start. After gaining the lead through a safety car period in the middle of the race, a well-timed safety car played into Ticktum's strategy, as he was able to come out of the pits in eleventh on fresher and softer rubber than his competitors with a few laps to go. Having shown supreme car control after being hit from behind at the restart, the Brit charged through the field, and finished third after another safety car on the penultimate lap all but destroyed his chances for a victory. Ticktum scored his second win of the season in mixed conditions at the following round in Sochi, having led the sprint race from start to finish. Despite his victory, Ticktum said in a post-race interview that the win "[didn't] mean much" due to him "not going to be in Formula 1", which had always been his career goal. He finished fifth in the feature race that weekend, having started tenth.


title: Dan Ticktum

text: In the penultimate qualifying session of the year in Jeddah Ticktum's car received a slow puncture with just a few minutes of the session left, which didn't allow him to improve his laptime and led to him qualifying in 13th place. During the first sprint race the Briton moved through the pack to finish seventh, and he started and finished race 2 in fourth. Ticktum finished 10th in the feature race on Sunday, thus ending his podium streak of six consecutive rounds of getting at least one podium. After finishing in the top six in all three races in the final round at the Yas Marina Circuit Ticktum ended up fourth in the drivers' standings, 23.5 points behind third-placed Zhou.


title: Dan Ticktum

text: In January 2017, Ticktum was announced as a member of the Red Bull Junior Team. At the start of 2019, he was able to test the Red Bull RB15 at the young drivers' tests in Bahrain and Barcelona, and took part in a number of simulator sessions at the team's base in Milton Keynes. Red Bull and Ticktum parted ways in mid-2019. Despite him questioning whether Red Bull had given him enough time in Super Formula, Ticktum stated that there was "no disrespect" towards academy boss Helmut Marko, and thanked him for "having given [him] the money to go racing".


title: Dan Ticktum

text: Ticktum was named in the line-up of the Williams Driver Academy in December 2019, where he was designated the role of a development driver. He was retained for the 2021 season. In August 2021, shortly after Ticktum caused controversy by criticising and appearing to jibe Williams driver Nicholas Latifi, it was confirmed that he had been released from his contract.


title: Dan Ticktum

text: On 25 November 2021 the NIO 333 FE Team announced that Ticktum would be joining Oliver Turvey for the 2021–22 Formula E season. He stated that he was "looking forward to [racing in Formula E], as it's a totally different experience to Formula 2". In his debut race at the Diriyah ePrix, Ticktum beat his teammate and fellow rookie Antonio Giovinazzi to finish 18th. The following day Ticktum qualified in 18th place, but dropped back to 20th by the checkered flag. Ticktum's next race, the Mexico City ePrix, was compromised by a collision with Giovinazzi, which led to another 18th-place finish. Another point-less race in Rome followed, before Ticktum scored his first ever point in Formula E in the second race of the weekend, benefitting from a post-race penalty for Oliver Askew. At the following round in Monaco, Ticktum beat his teammate Turvey, finishing twelfth, however a weekend in Berlin, which the Brit described as "pretty disastrous", ended with finishes near the back of the pecking order. An additional lowly finish at Jakarta was followed by Ticktum's first retirement of the season at the Marrakesh ePrix. Round 11 at New York City brought a 17th place, although a rapid start and a number of overtakes during Sunday's race enabled Ticktum to finish twelfth. He later described that drive as having been "the performance of [his] life". At his home race in London, a crash in practice hampered his chances, whilst an unsighted collision with Sam Bird meant retirement from Race 2. The final round of the season in Seoul started out in a positive manner, with Ticktum qualifying in a season-best 13th for Race 1. However, the Brit was involved in a major pile-up on the first lap of a wet race after being hit by Sébastien Buemi, which forced him, alongside five other drivers including his teammate Turvey, to retire. In the final qualifying session of the year, Ticktum made it into the duel phase for the first time, starting from seventh on the grid. After a tumultuous start, in which his car was slightly pushed into the wall by Lucas di Grassi, Ticktum ended the first lap sat in sixth place. However, hitting the wall going into the stadium section bent the steering of his car, forcing Ticktum to retire. He finished the season 21st in the standings, helping NIO 333 to not finish last for the first time in three seasons.


title: Dan Ticktum

text: Prior to the final weekend of the season, Ticktum remarked that the team had "made massive leaps forward this year" and marked out their gains in qualifying pace as the team's biggest improvement throughout the season. He summed up his season as having been "challenging with lots to learn", whilst also stating that, considering his lack of experience, he was "pretty happy" with being on par with his teammate Turvey over the course of the season.


title: Dan Ticktum

text: Having tested the new Gen3 era car after the conclusion of the 2022 season, Ticktum was announced to continue his relationship with NIO into 2023 alongside a new teammate, ex-Formula 2 driver Sérgio Sette Câmara who replaces Oliver Turvey.


title: Dan Ticktum

text: Ticktum has gained a following of over twelve thousand followers on streaming-platform Twitch, where he plays Call of Duty.


title: Dan Ticktum

text: He is well-known for his outspoken, blunt and occasionally discourteous nature, which mostly stands out in interviews and team radio messages and has earned him a controversial reputation.


title: Dan Ticktum

text: Driver did not finish the race, but was classified as he completed over 90% of the race distance.<br>


title: Four Olds

text: The Four Olds or the Four Old Things () was a term used during the Cultural Revolution by the student-led Red Guards in the People's Republic of China in reference to the pre-communist elements of Chinese culture they attempted to destroy. The Four Olds were: Old Ideas, Old Culture, Old Customs, and Old Habits (Chinese: Jiù Sīxiǎng 旧思想, Jiù Wénhuà 旧文化, Jiù Fēngsú 旧风俗, and Jiù Xíguàn 旧习惯). The campaign to destroy the Four Olds began in Beijing on August 19, 1966 (the "Red August", during which a massacre also took place in Beijing), shortly after the launch of the Cultural Revolution.


title: Four Olds

text: The term "Four Olds" first appeared on June 1, 1966, in Chen Boda's "People's Daily" editorial, "Sweep Away All Monsters and Demons", where the Old Things were described as anti-proletarian, "fostered by the exploiting classes, [and to] have poisoned the minds of the people for thousands of years". However, which customs, cultures, habits, and ideas specifically constituted the "Four Olds" were never clearly defined.


title: Four Olds

text: On August 8, the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party used the term at its 8th National Congress. The term was endorsed on August 18 by Lin Biao at a mass rally, and from there it spread to "Red Flag" magazine, as well as to Red Guard publications.


title: Four Olds

text: Calls to destroy the "Four Olds" usually did not appear in isolation, but were contrasted with the hope of building the "Four News" (new customs, new culture, new habits, new ideas). Newborn socialist things were said to struggle against the Four Olds. The idea that Chinese culture was responsible for China's economic backwardness and needed to be reformed had some precedent in the May Fourth Movement (1919), and was also encouraged by colonial authorities during the Japanese occupation of China.


title: Four Olds

text: The campaign to Destroy the Four Olds and Cultivate the Four News () began in Beijing on August 19 during the "Red August". The first things to change were the names of streets and stores: "Blue Sky Clothes Store" to "Defending Mao Zedong Clothes Store", "Cai E Road" to "Red Guard Road", and so forth. The name of the road where the Soviet embassy was stationed was changed to “Antirevisionism Road.” Many people also changed their given names to revolutionary slogans, such as Zhihong (, "Determined Red") or Jige (, "Following the Revolution").


title: Four Olds

text: Other manifestations of the Red Guard campaign included giving speeches, posting big-character posters, and harassment of people, such as intellectuals, who defiantly demonstrated the Four Olds. In later stages of the campaign, examples of Chinese architecture were destroyed, classical literature and Chinese paintings were torn apart, and Chinese temples were desecrated.


title: Four Olds

text: The Cemetery of Confucius was attacked in November 1966, during the Cultural Revolution, when it was visited and vandalized by a team of Red Guards from Beijing Normal University, led by Tan Houlan.


title: Four Olds

text: The corpse of the 76th-generation Duke Yansheng was removed from its grave and hung naked from a tree in front of the palace during the desecration of the cemetery in the Cultural Revolution.


title: Four Olds

text: Red Guards broke into the homes of the wealthy and destroyed paintings, books, and furniture; all were items that they viewed as part of the Four Olds. The Chinese government stopped short of endorsing the physical destruction of products. In fact, the government protected significant archaeological discoveries made during the Cultural Revolution, such as the Mawangdui, the Leshan Giant Buddha and the Terracotta Army.


title: Four Olds

text: Many artists and other cultural professionals were persecuted by vigilantes, although some cultural advances came about because of the period, including the integration of "new" western instruments and ballet into Peking opera. Traditional Chinese medicine also advanced despite the Four Olds campaign, most significantly by the derivation of the anti-malarial drug artemisinin from the qinghao plant.


title: Four Olds

text: Upon learning that Red Guards were approaching the Forbidden City, Premier Zhou Enlai ordered the gates shut and deployed the People's Liberation Army against the Red Guards. After this incident, Zhou attempted to create a more peaceful code of conduct for the Red Guards, with the support of cadres Tao Zhu, Li Fuchuan, and Chen Yi. This plan was foiled by the ultra-leftists Kang Sheng, Jiang Qing, and Zhang Chunqiao. Although many of Zhou's other initiatives to stem the destruction failed because of their or Mao's own opposition, he did succeed in preventing Beijing from being renamed "East Is Red City" and the Chinese guardian lions in front of Tian'anmen Square from being replaced with statues of Mao.


title: Four Olds

text: Academic Alessandro Russo writes that the destruction of the Four Olds was an ambiguous campaign from the perspective of the Party. He argues that in a time of increasing political pluralization, the Party sought to channel student activism towards obvious class enemies and less relevant objectives to make it easier for the Party to contain the situation.


title: Four Olds

text: No official statistics have ever been produced by the Communist party in terms of reporting the actual cost of damage. By 1978, many stories of death and destruction caused by the Cultural Revolution had leaked out of China and became known worldwide.


title: Four Olds

text: Starting in the 1990s and continuing into the 21st century, there has been a massive rebuilding effort under way to restore and rebuild cultural sites that were destroyed or damaged during the Cultural Revolution. This has coincided with a resurgence in interest in, and demand for, Chinese cultural artifacts.


title: Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church

text: The Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church (in German: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gedächtniskirche, but mostly just known as Gedächtniskirche ) is a Protestant church affiliated with the Evangelical Church in Berlin, Brandenburg and Silesian Upper Lusatia, a regional body of the Evangelical Church in Germany. It is located in Berlin on the Kurfürstendamm in the centre of the Breitscheidplatz.


title: Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church

text: The original church on the site was built in the 1890s. It was badly damaged in a bombing raid in 1943. The present building, which consists of a church with an attached foyer and a separate belfry with an attached chapel, was built between 1959 and 1963. The damaged spire of the old church has been retained and its ground floor has been made into a memorial hall.


title: Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church

text: The Memorial Church today is a famous landmark of western Berlin, and is nicknamed by Berliners ""der hohle Zahn"", meaning "the hollow tooth".


title: Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church

text: The construction of the church was part of a Protestant church-building programme initiated by Kaiser Wilhelm II and his consort Augusta Victoria to counter the German labour movement and socialist movement by a return to traditional religious values. Wilhelm II decided to name the church in honor of his grandfather Kaiser Wilhelm I. The competition for the design was won by Franz Schwechten, member of the Bauakademie who had distinguished himself with the design of the Anhalter Bahnhof. Schwechten, a native Rhinelander, planned for a large church to be built in a Neo-Romanesque style modelled on the Bonn Minster with a Tuff stone facade. His design included of wall mosaic, a -high spire (now 71 metres, or 233 ft) and a nave which seated over 2,000 people.


title: Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church

text: The foundation stone was laid on 22 March 1891, which was Wilhelm I's birthday. The church was dedicated on 1 September 1895, the eve of the Day of Sedan. At that time, the entrance hall in the lower section had not yet been completed; that part of the church was not opened and consecrated until 22 February 1906. Construction costs mounted to 6.8 million gold mark, raised primarily through donations. The church design, quite unfamiliar in the Brandenburg region, inspired several architectural projects in the surrounding area, like the "Romanisches Café" building, also designed by Schwechten.


title: Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church

text: In World War II, on the night of 23 November 1943, the church was extensively damaged in an air raid. Yet it was by no means beyond repair. A remnant of the spire and much of the entrance hall survived intact, as did the altar and the baptistry. After the war, in 1947, the curatorium of the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gedächtniskirche foundation (Stiftung) decided in favor of rebuilding the church, but the manner in which this should be done was contentiously debated until the late 1950s. In a two-phased design competition in 1956, the question of whether the secured remnant of the spire should be torn down or preserved was left open. The winner of the competition, architect Egon Eiermann, initially proposed, in both his submissions, for the remnant of the old spire to be torn down, in favor of a completely new construction. But that plan provoked a public outcry in which the ruined tower was characterized as the "heart of Berlin"; as a result Eiermann revised the design to preserve the tower. He had most of the remaining structure pulled down, in order to build the modern church that now occupies most of the site.


title: Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church

text: The new church was designed by Eiermann and consists of four buildings grouped around the remaining ruins of the old church. The initial design included the demolition of the spire of the old church but following pressure from the public, it was decided to incorporate it into the new design. The four buildings comprise, on the west of the ruins, the new church with a foyer to its west, and to the east of the ruins, a tower with a chapel to its northeast. The plan of the church is octagonal while the plan of the tower is hexagonal. These components are sited on a plateau measuring 100 metres long and 40 metres wide. The new buildings are constructed of concrete, steel and glass. The walls of the church are made of a concrete honeycomb containing 21,292 stained glass inlays. The glass, designed by Gabriel Loire, was inspired by the colours of the glass in Chartres Cathedral. The predominant colour is blue, with small areas of ruby red, emerald green and yellow. The church is 35 metres in diameter and 20.5 metres high with a capacity of over 1,000. Because of the distinctive appearance of the new buildings, it is sometimes nicknamed ""Lippenstift und Puderdose"" (the lipstick and the powder box) by Berliners.


title: Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church

text: Inside the church, opposite the entrance, a figure of the resurrected Christ is suspended above the altar. This is made from tombak and was designed by Karl Hemmeter. The cross on the altar, by Peter Tauchnitz, is of gilt silver with 37 rock crystals. To the left of the altar is the baptismal font on a stand filled with Carrara marble which contains a majolica bowl for the holy water. To the right of the altar is an octagonal pulpit. Opposite the altar on a gallery is an organ containing about 5,000 pipes, which was built by Karl Schuke. Plexiglas panels have been installed over the organ gallery to improve the acoustics. By the northeast wall of the church are three works of art. The first is a bronze plaque commemorating the Protestant martyrs who died during the Nazi regime between 1933 and 1945. It incorporates a Spanish wooden crucifix dating from the 13th century. The plaque was placed in the church on 20 July 1964, the 20th anniversary of an attempt to assassinate Hitler. Next to this is the "Stalingrad Madonna", a symbol of hope and reconciliation. This is a charcoal drawing made by Kurt Reuber during the time he was trapped inside Stalingrad at Christmas 1942. Copies of this drawing have been sent to Coventry Cathedral and the Russian Orthodox Church in Stalingrad (now Volgograd). The third item of art is an icon of the Virgin Mary from Volgograd.


title: Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church

text: The tower is 12 metres in diameter and 53.5 metres high with a flat roof. Atop the tower is a pole carrying a gilded sphere above which is a gilded cross. It contains a belfry with six bronze bells cast from French cannon, booty from the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71. The foundation stone of the new church was laid on 9 May 1959, its roofing ceremony was carried out on 16 December 1960, the new bells were consecrated on 19 July 1961, the new church was consecrated on 17 December 1961 and the foyer and chapel were completed in December 1963.


title: Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church

text: The entrance hall in the base of the damaged spire was reopened to visitors, having been consecrated on 7 January 1987. Its floor contains a mosaic of the Archangel Michael fighting the dragon. The vault shows a procession of Hohenzollern princes and includes a depiction of Crown Prince Wilhelm who never became king after his father, Wilhelm II, abdicated the throne in 1918. Other mosaics show important monarchs in medieval Germany, Reformation thinkers and Reformation princes. Bas-relief sculptures illustrate scenes from biblical stories (Jacob wrestling with the angel, Jesus in the garden of Gethsemane, and the pietà), scenes from the life of Kaiser Wilhelm I and symbolic figures representing war and peace. In the north apse are 16 display panels which tell the story of the old church and its destruction. At the opposite end of the hall are three items which symbolise the history of the church. In the middle is a damaged statue of Christ which originally stood on the altar of the old church. To its right is the Cross of Nails which was made from nails in the roof timbers of Coventry Cathedral, which had been severely damaged in a German air raid on 14 November 1940. To the left of the statue of Christ is an icon cross which was given by the Russian Orthodox Church and handed over in 1988. Outside the hall are four sandstone figures made by Stefan Kaehne.


title: Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church

text: In December 2007, Charles Jeffrey Gray, a former British pilot who carried out World War II bombing raids over Germany, joined a campaign to rescue the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church from decay. After reading about the condition of the Church, Gray contacted Wolfgang Kuhla, the chairman of the church's advisory board, urging that its tower be restored. In response, a fund was launched to help raise the costs of its repair.


title: Zari Hassan

text: Zarinah Hassan (born 23 September 1980), commonly known as Zari Hassan, alias Zari the Boss Lady, is a Ugandan socialite, musician and businesswoman, who resides in South Africa, where she runs businesses.


title: Zari Hassan

text: She is the heir and CEO of "Brooklyn City College" (BCC), a South African based diverse, progressive educational institute which she co-founded with her late husband Ivan Ssemwanga. BCC maintains the headquarters campus in Pretoria, with satellite campuses in Polokwane, Durban, Johannesburg, Nelspruit, Vereeniging and Rustenburg.


title: Zari Hassan

text: Hassan returned to her native Uganda in 2000, after two years in the United Kingdom. Afterwards she moved to South Africa where she met and married "Ivan Semwanga".Hassan and Ivan had 3 children. They divorced in 2013 after Hassan accused Semwanga of physically abusing her. In May 2017, Semwanga had a massive stroke and was admitted to Steve Biko Academic Hospital. He died on 25 May 2017. He was buried in Uganda. Following the funeral, Hassan returned to South Africa to manage her businesses and some of her late husband's enterprises. She has two children with Tanzanian artist Diamond Platnumz.


title: Helix (TV series)

text: Helix is an American science fiction horror drama television series that aired on Syfy from January 10, 2014, to April 10, 2015. The series followed a team of scientists from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) who traveled to a research facility in the Arctic to investigate a potential outbreak of disease. While there, they find themselves stuck in a life-or-death situation that could decide the future of mankind. The executive producers of "Helix" were Ronald D. Moore, Lynda Obst, Steven Maeda, and Cameron Porsandeh, with Maeda serving as day-to-day showrunner. On April 29, 2015, Syfy announced that the show was canceled after two seasons.


title: Helix (TV series)

text: Researchers from the CDC, led by Dr. Alan Farragut and Dr. Sarah Jordan investigate a viral outbreak at an Arctic bioresearch station, only to discover that it has disastrous and wider implications for the entire world. Proscribed genetic engineering research is being done by the Ilaria Corporation, the company running the research station, most interested in preventing exposure of their activities, rather than simply resolving the outbreak. Attempts at quarantine result in mutiny and attempted escape, and communication with the outside is mysteriously cut off. It is unclear at first whether the goal is to develop a bioweapon or to transform humans in some way. It is discovered that there are two variants of the virus: the first, Narvik-A, is fatal with no cure; those infected with the second virus, Narvik-B, become dangerous, violent, zombie-like vectors, spreading the infection to others, with a small percentage eventually regaining some normality if treated, as it seems several characters have already been infected and cured. Those cured seem to have the ability to control the infected. The outbreak is revealed to have been a cover story to recruit Julia Walker as an unwitting test subject by deceiving the CDC personnel into creating an anti-viral "cure", to benefit the Ilaria Corporation's objectives.


title: Helix (TV series)

text: After becoming infected, Julia is cured by the station director, Hiroshi Hatake, who reveals he is her father, quasi-immortal and over 500 years old, as indicated by his bright silver eyes. He had created the Vector virus as a means to activate dormant genes within Julia to give her a similar variation of immortality. Ilaria, which is run by a similar group of immortals, wants the virus in order to exert control over the world. Ilaria's Chief Operating Officer, Constance Sutton, arrives with a mercenary army, and despite a protracted resistance effort by the CDC and base personnel, butchers most of the staff before abducting Julia. A cliffhanger, set almost eight months after the pilot episode (on Day 235), shows Alan meeting with his brother Peter somewhere in France, following a massive outbreak of the virus, to plan a border crossing. Alan is apparently oblivious to the fact that his brother is actively working with Ilaria and that Julia is an active member of Ilaria's immortal Board of Directors.


title: Helix (TV series)

text: Set once more in a remote, isolated place, this time the island of St. Germain, inhabited by members of a religious community going back several generations, the second season takes place approximately fifteen months after the events of the first season, with regular sequences showing events taking place an additional thirty years later on the same island. Alan, who has been interrogating and then killing immortals in his search to rescue Julia, has been discredited by the CDC. Peter leads the three-member team investigating a new outbreak on the island. In the future, Julia is on a quest of her own.


title: Helix (TV series)

text: The series pitch idea was developed by Cameron Porsandeh, who then submitted it to Sony Pictures, where Lynda Obst revised the idea along with Porsandeh. Sony then asked if there was a major science fiction television writer he would like attached as executive producer, and he suggested Ronald D. Moore, who joined the production team and pitched several new major concepts. The pilot script was written by Porsandeh, and while Moore pitched several key ideas he did not write the script itself.


title: Helix (TV series)

text: So I took a stab at it and we sent it over to Sony [Pictures Television] and Lynda Obst, she takes a real interest in science, she did "Contact" and really sort of prides herself on the subject, and she saw something in it. So I developed it over at Sony for probably about six months. Then they said "if you could work with anyone on this project, who would you want to do it with?" And I said, "Ron Moore" sort of like it's a fantasy, sort of like "who would you want to date if you could date anyone," and I threw his name out the way you would throw a movie star's name out. They sent it over to him and he was interested so he got on board. Then together we came up with an overarching mythology that would extend over the course of the entire series, then he and I together pitched it to Syfy.


title: Helix (TV series)

text: Porsandeh stated that a major feature of the series is that each episode represents the events of a single day within the story: thus the entire thirteen episode first season takes place in under two weeks of in-universe time.


title: Helix (TV series)

text: According to Porsandeh, "Helix" did not make use of flashback scenes to give details about character backstories, the way the science fiction series "Lost" did. Instead, a key point is that viral infection at times made characters feverish and hallucinate (which is a real-life symptom of several infections). Thus certain characters experienced hallucinations, i.e. reliving particularly traumatic past events. The distinction Porsandeh pointed out is that a flashback is presented as objectively true, while the hallucination scenes in "Helix" are presented from the characters' feverish hallucinatory states, and thus their unreliable narration will contain several errors which do not match events as they actually occurred.


title: Helix (TV series)

text: The first season of "Helix" was released in DVD and Blu-ray Disc formats on June 30, 2014, for Region 2 and July 1, 2014, for Region 1. The Blu-ray Disc features two exclusives: "Writing the Tension", an inside look at the process of writing a serialized thriller, and "Fabricating the Plague", state-of-the-art effects techniques used in conception of the virus' appearance in stages to creating the right amount of gore for the plague. Both media formats contain commentary on the pilot episode with Billy Campbell and Cameron Porsandeh, commentary on "Dans L'Ombre" with Campbell and Steven Maeda, four featurettes, deleted scenes, and outtakes.


title: Helix (TV series)

text: "Helix" received generally positive reviews from critics. The first season holds a 79% critical approval on Rotten Tomatoes and 67% on Metacritic, while the second season has not been reviewed enough on either platform for a consensus. The critical consensus for season one described the show as "effectively creepy and oozing with chills" and that the show "unexpectedly digs deep into its world and its characters, with a suspenseful plot that continues to pique interest as it advances." Gail Pennington, for "St. Louis Post-Dispatch", said of the first season: "you like this kind of thing or you don't, and I don't, particularly, but Helix is very involving." Reviewing the first season for "The New York Times", Neil Genzlinger praised the acting. He felt that cast was "led admirably" by Billy Campbell as Dr. Alan Farragut, saying "Mr. Campbell is one of the busiest actors around" and despite the fact that "an abundance of work can sometimes lead to performances that feel phoned in", it doesn't feel that way here.


title: Gargantia on the Verdurous Planet

text: In the distant future, humankind has taken to the stars and formed the . The Galactic Alliance is engaged in a perpetual war with a squid-like alien species known as the . Sixteen-year-old Ensign Ledo is a soldier in the Galactic Alliance, piloting a , an artificial intelligence-automated, humanoid-shaped mecha, which he refers to as "Chamber". After a failed attempt by the Galactic Alliance to destroy an enemy super-weapon, Ledo is knocked into a wormhole and loses consciousness.


title: Gargantia on the Verdurous Planet

text: When he awakens, he discovers that he and Chamber have been "salvaged" by a rag-tag band of "primitive" human scavengers aboard the "Gargantia", a massive fleet of ships on an ocean-covered planet. Chamber tells him that local star charts reveal the planet is Earth, the birthplace of humanity, a place that members of the Galactic Alliance were only familiar with from stories and believed was a myth. Ledo must adjust to the language, culture and lifestyle of the planet, while finding his new purpose in life aboard the "Gargantia".


title: Gargantia on the Verdurous Planet

text: Highly advanced mech used by the Galactic Alliance of Humankind which was established when the humans in space joined forces against its common enemy, the Hideauze.


title: Gargantia on the Verdurous Planet

text: Gen Urobuchi explained on the official website that the message of the story is aimed towards those in their teens and 20s, who are either about to enter into society or recently have, and is meant to cheer them on and to encourage them that "going out into the world isn't scary". He also said that the feeling of this work will be different from others he's been involved with.


title: Gargantia on the Verdurous Planet

text: Development of "Gargantia on the Verdurous Planet" began around November 2010, according to producer Nao Hirasawa. Mechanical designer Makoto Ishiwata said that he began his design work about two months in, and that the mechanical designs were focused on bringing out aspects of the plot. The roundness of the Machine Caliber's design was meant to bring out a sense of gentleness and familiarity. The difference between the personalities of Chamber and Striker were to represent a sense of a child and a grown adult.


title: Gargantia on the Verdurous Planet

text: After about a half year's worth of production, Kazuya Murata was brought in as the series director. Murata had been harboring the desire to work on a story involving people living on ships atop a world of water about ten years before the series started. Some of the story had already been arranged, but he introduced the concept of people living on giant boats, and Urobuchi liked the idea a lot, and quickly worked it into the story. According to Urobuchi, as they revised the plot further, Murata tended to have a very good sense of judgement as to what to put in and what not to put in, and was clear about what he was looking for, so the organization went a lot more smoothly than he thought it might have. Urobuchi was put in charge of writing the first and last episodes once the green-light was given for a thirteen-episode series in order to set the theme for the other writers.


title: Gargantia on the Verdurous Planet

text: Some weeks after the series started airing, a character design contest related to the anime series was announced. It was hosted on Pixiv, and Murata and staff members of Production I.G judged the entries submitted until the deadline of May 12. Originally only one among the submitted designs would be chosen, however there were twelve entries which impressed the judges to the point of announcing all of them as winners. The twelve chosen characters made an appearance in the series finale on June 30, 2013.


title: Gargantia on the Verdurous Planet

text: Starting a few months before the series aired, the official website began updating on a monthly basis to include short stories that further expand on the "Gargantia" universe. On April 3, 2015, at an event in Tokyo, Bandai Visual revealed that a sequel for the anime was planned, but due to "various circumstances", was scrapped. The sequel would instead be published as two novels, titled , which were published on August 29, 2015 and March 30, 2016 in Japan.


title: Gargantia on the Verdurous Planet

text: "Gargantia on the Verdurous Planet" received a manga adaptation, drawn by Wataru Mitogawa. The series' serialization began in the 17th issue of Kadokawa Shoten's "Newtype Ace" magazine, released on January 10, 2013, and after the magazine's final issue, July 10, 2013, it continued in Niconico's "Kadokawa Niconico Ace" web magazine. The manga has also been collected in three "tankōbon" volumes, published between April 8, 2013, and March 7, 2014. A spin-off manga series, titled , drawn by Shū with story assistance by Hiroki Uchida, began serialization in Enterbrain's "Famitsu Comic Clear" website on June 7, 2013. and ended on January 30, 2015. The series has been collected in two "tankōbon" volumes.


title: Gargantia on the Verdurous Planet

text: The anime was directed by Kazuya Murata and produced by Production I.G with character design by Hanaharu Naruko. Gen Urobuchi supervised and wrote the first and last episodes of the series. The anime aired on Tokyo MX from April 7 to June 30, 2013. It was streamed by Crunchyroll. A web short titled "Petit Gargantia" (Puchitto Gargantia) streamed on their official site for each episode. On March 30 and 31, 2013, at the Anime Contents Expo Bandai Visual's booth gave away 8000 copies of the first two episodes on Blu-ray Disc. The opening theme is by Minori Chihara while the ending theme is by ChouCho. An OVA 14th episode was released along with first Blu-ray Disc box set on August 28, 2013, and another, 15th, was released with the third one on October 25, 2013. The sets also include subtitles in English. At Anime Expo 2013, Viz Media announced their license to the anime, as well as plans to stream the series on their website and Hulu and release it on DVD and Blu-ray Disc in 2014. On January 14, 2014, Manga Entertainment announced that it has licensed the series in the United Kingdom. The two-part OVA sequel, titled , was released in Fall 2014 and Spring 2015. A planned second season was unable to be produced; however, the scenario was turned into a pair of novels.


title: Jacksonville, North Carolina

text: Jacksonville is a city in Onslow County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 72,723, which makes Jacksonville the 14th-largest city in North Carolina. Jacksonville is the county seat and most populous community of Onslow County, which is coterminous with the Jacksonville, North Carolina metropolitan area. Demographically, Jacksonville is the youngest city in the United States, with an average age of 22.8 years old, which can be attributed to the large military presence. The low age may also be in part due to the population drastically going up over the past 80 years, from 783 in the 1930 census to 72,876 in the 2021 Census estimate.


title: Jacksonville, North Carolina

text: It is the home of the United States Marine Corps' Camp Lejeune and New River Air Station. Jacksonville is located adjacent to North Carolina's Crystal Coast area.


title: Jacksonville, North Carolina

text: After the end of the Tuscarora wars in 1713 and the forced removal of Native American tribes was followed by permanent settlement of the regions between New Bern and Wilmington. The New River became a major production center for naval stores like turpentine. The downtown waterfront park is built on the site original site of Wantland's Ferry.


title: Jacksonville, North Carolina

text: In 1752, a devastating hurricane destroyed the county seat of Johnston, and Wantlands Ferry, located further up the New River, at the present site of Jacksonville, was chosen as the site of the new county courthouse. The area was later known as Onslow Courthouse. In 1842, the town was incorporated and renamed Jacksonville in honor of former U.S. President Andrew Jackson. The town was briefly captured and occupied in November 1862 by a raiding party led by U.S. Navy Lt. William B. Cushing.


title: Jacksonville, North Carolina

text: Jacksonville and Onslow County continued to rely on naval stores, lumber, and tobacco crops for industry. In 1939, Colonel George W. Gillette of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers surveyed and mapped the area from Fort Monroe, Virginia to Fort Sumter, South Carolina which included the Onslow County coastline and the New River. The map is believed to have fostered the interest of the War and Navy Departments in establishing an amphibious training base in the area. Congressman Graham Arthur Barden of New Bern lobbied Congress to appropriate funds for the purchase of about along the eastern bank of the New River. The establishment in 1941 of Marine Barracks, New River, later renamed Camp Lejeune Marine Corps Base, led to the relocation of 700 families. While the landowners were compensated, many of the families displaced were sharecroppers who did not own the land on which their houses were built, and did not receive compensation for their structures. Some African American families were able to purchase property from Raymond Kellum and established the community of Kellumtown. Other displaced families established communities in Georgetown, Pickettown, Bell Fork, and Sandy Run. The latter communities have since been absorbed by Jacksonville. Colonel Gillette had planned to retire near the small village of Marine, ironically named after a local family whose surname was Marine, but lost his land to the acquisition, as well.


title: Jacksonville, North Carolina

text: Construction of Camp Lejeune caused a population explosion in the small town of about 800 inhabitants, as new workers migrated to the area. Growth continued to be fueled by both young Marine families and military retirees. Today, Jacksonville's primary industry is retail sales and services. The primary migration draw continues to be the U.S. Marine Corps.


title: Jacksonville, North Carolina

text: The Bank of Onslow and Jacksonville Masonic Temple, Mill Avenue Historic District, and Pelletier House and Wantland Spring are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.


title: Jacksonville, North Carolina

text: In 2016, Jacksonville became the first jurisdiction to adopt a paid holiday honoring the 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which made slavery in the United States and its territories illegal. The resolution of adoption mentions "the prevention of the modern slavery" which it describes as "human trafficking", including child labor and military service.


title: Jacksonville, North Carolina

text: According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which are land and (1.51%) is water. It is approximately 60 minutes from Wilmington and 15 minutes from the Intracoastal Waterway.


title: Jacksonville, North Carolina

text: Three public golf courses provide recreation for those who reside in or visit Jacksonville: Rock Creek, Swingin' Things, Paradise Point (located aboard MCB Camp Lejeune).


title: Jacksonville, North Carolina

text: As of the 2020 United States census, there were 72,723 people, 21,986 households, and 15,491 families residing in the city.


title: Jacksonville, North Carolina

text: As of the census of 2000, 66,715 people, 17,175 households, and 13,533 families resided in the city. The population density was 1,500.0 people per square mile (579.1/km). The 18,312 housing units averaged 411.7 per square mile (159.0/km). The racial composition of the city was 63.94% White, 23.96% African American, 2.07% Asian, 0.75% Native American, 0.19% Pacific Islander, 5.42% some other race, and 3.67% two or more races. As of 2009, the estimated population for the city was 80,542.


title: Jacksonville, North Carolina

text: Of the 17,175 households, 49.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.8% were married couples living together, 12.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.2% were not families. About 16.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83 and the average family size was 3.8


title: Jacksonville, North Carolina

text: In the city, the population was distributed as 24.3% under the age of 18, 36.3% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 8.8% from 45 to 64, and 4.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 22 years. Jacksonville has been named the youngest city in the nation (lowest median age) on various lists. For every 100 females, there were 156.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 178.6 males.


title: Jacksonville, North Carolina

text: The median income for a household in the city was $32,544, and for a family was $33,763. Males had a median income of $17,121 versus $19,931 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,237. About 12.5% of families and 14.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.0% of those under age 18 and 17.7% of those age 65 or over.


title: Jacksonville, North Carolina

text: The 2013 population estimate was 69,079, with 67.7% identifying as White and 20.0% identifying as Black or African-American. The median household income for 2009-2013 was $42,459.


title: Jacksonville, North Carolina

text: According to the city's 2012 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:


title: Jacksonville, North Carolina

text: Onslow County Schools serves the city, except for Marine Corps Air Station New River, which, along with Camp Lejeune, is served by Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA) schools.


title: Jacksonville, North Carolina

text: MCAS New River is zoned to Delalio Elementary School in MCAS New River and Brewster Middle School and Lejeune High School in Camp Lejeune.


title: Jacksonville, North Carolina

text: In 2009, the Jacksonville metropolitan statistical area ranked as the ninth-highest in the United States for ratio of commuters who walked to work (8.1%).


title: Croton (plant)

text: Croton is an extensive flowering plant genus in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. The plants of this genus were described and introduced to Europeans by Georg Eberhard Rumphius. The common names for this genus are rushfoil and croton, but the latter also refers to "Codiaeum variegatum". The generic name comes from the Greek (""), which means "tick" and refers to the shape of the seeds of certain species.


title: Croton (plant)

text: "Croton" is a diverse and complex taxonomic group of plants ranging from herbs and shrubs to trees. A well-known member of this genus is "Croton tiglium", a shrub native to Southeast Asia. It was first mentioned in European literature by Cristóbal Acosta in 1578 as lignum pavanae. The oil, used in herbal medicine as a violent purgative, is extracted from its seeds. Currently, it is considered unsafe and it is no longer listed in the pharmacopeias of many countries.


title: Croton (plant)

text: "C. tiglium" oil has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat severe constipation or heal lesions, and is used as a purgative. Wang Haogu first observed that croton seeds could also be used to treat diarrhea. It is a source of the organic compound phorbol and its tumor-promoting esters, such as 12-"O"-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. In the Amazon, the red latex from the species "C. lechleri", known as sangre de drago (dragon's blood), is used as a "liquid bandage", as well as for other medicinal purposes, by native peoples.


title: Croton (plant)

text: In Kenya, "Croton" nuts, such as those from "C. megalocarpus", were found to be a more economical source of biofuel than "Jatropha curcas". "Jatropha curcas" requires as much as 20,000 L of water to make a litre of biofuel, while "Croton" trees grow wild and yield about 35% oil. "Croton" trees are planted as a windbreak in Kenya, and its use as a source of biofuel may benefit rural economies there. As arable land is under population pressure, people have been cutting down the windbreaks to expand farmland. This new use may save the windbreaks, which should help fight desertification.


title: Croton (plant)

text: "Croton" species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including "Schinia citrinellus", which feeds exclusively on the plant.


title: Croton (plant)

text: It is one of the largest and most complex genera of angiosperms in Madagascar, where up to 150 "Croton" species are endemic.


Gordon Ramsay's 24 Hours to Hell and Back is an American reality television series that aired on Fox from June 13, 2018 to May 12, 2020.


title: Gordon Ramsay's 24 Hours to Hell and Back

text: Starring chef Gordon Ramsay, the show features his travels across the United States, visiting failing restaurants in his 70-foot-long "Hell On Wheels" semi-truck that unfolds into a high-tech mobile kitchen, where the chefs are retrained. At first, a team is sent in to secretly survey the restaurant, with Ramsay eventually going undercover inside. He then tries to address the issues and revive each restaurant by retraining staff and refreshing the menu, culminating in a relaunch of the restaurant with a grand re-opening to the public after extensive renovations—all in just 24 hours. The format is similar to those of other programs such as "Hotel Hell", "Kitchen Nightmares", and "".


text: On June 27, 2018, Fox renewed "Gordon Ramsay's 24 Hours to Hell and Back" for a second season, which premiered on January 2, 2019. The show was later renewed for a third season on July 26, 2019, which premiered on January 7, 2020.


text: On March 4, 2020, it was announced that a 2-hour "Save Our Town" special episode would be airing on May 12, in which Ramsay helps three businesses in Ellicott City, Maryland following their 2016 and 2018 floods.


title: Princess Charlotte of Prussia

text: Princess Charlotte of Prussia (Viktoria Elisabeth Auguste Charlotte; 24 July 1860 – 1 October 1919) was Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen from 1914 to 1918 as the wife of Bernhard III, the duchy's last ruler. Born at the "Neues Palais" in Potsdam, she was the second child and eldest daughter of Prince Frederick of Prussia, a member of the House of Hohenzollern who became Crown Prince of Prussia in 1861 and German Emperor in 1888. Through her mother Victoria, Princess Royal, Charlotte was the eldest granddaughter of the British monarch Queen Victoria and her consort Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.


title: Princess Charlotte of Prussia

text: Princess Charlotte was a difficult child and indifferent student, with a nervous disposition. Her relationship with her demanding mother was strained. As she grew older, Charlotte developed a penchant for spreading gossip and causing trouble. Eager to escape from parental control, at age seventeen, she married Prince Bernhard of Saxe-Meiningen in 1878. Her husband's weak-willed personality had little effect on her. Known for spreading gossip and her eccentric personality, Princess Charlotte enjoyed Berlin society while frequently leaving her only child, Princess Feodora, in the care of family members. Charlotte and Feodora, in turn, also had a difficult relationship.


title: Princess Charlotte of Prussia

text: Charlotte's brother succeeded their father as Emperor Wilhelm II in 1888, increasing her social influence. Throughout her brother's reign, she was known for her mischief-making, and spent her life in between bouts of illness, in frivolous and extravagant pursuits. She became Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen in 1914, only for her husband to lose his title with the end of World War I in 1918. Charlotte died the following year of a heart attack in Baden-Baden. She had suffered from a lifetime of ill health. Most historians now believe she had porphyria, a genetic disease that afflicted the British royal family.


title: Princess Charlotte of Prussia

text: Princess Viktoria Elisabeth Auguste "Charlotte" was born on 24 July 1860 at the "Neues Palais" in Potsdam. She was the eldest daughter and second child of Prince Frederick William of Prussia and his wife Victoria, Princess Royal, known as "Vicky" in the family. The product of an easy labour, she was a healthy baby who arrived nineteen months after the difficult birth of her elder brother, Prince Wilhelm. Her grandmother, Queen Victoria, wanted her eldest granddaughter to be named after her. However, the Prussians wanted the new princess to be named Charlotte after Empress Alexandra Feodorovna of Russia, who had been born Princess Charlotte of Prussia. As a compromise, her first name was Victoria, however, she was always referred as Charlotte. She was also named after her paternal grandmother, Queen Augusta of Prussia.