title: Crash Bandicoot (character)

text: One of the main reasons Naughty Dog chose to develop "Crash Bandicoot" (at the time jokingly codenamed "Sonic's Ass Game") for the Sony PlayStation was Sony's lack of an existing mascot character that could compete with Sega's Sonic the Hedgehog and Nintendo's Mario. By this time video game mascots were seen as increasingly unimportant, since they were overshadowed by cross-licensing and the aging games market meant most gamers were too old to find mascots appealing, but Sony were nonetheless interested in covering all bases. Naughty Dog desired to do what Sega and Warner Bros. did with the hedgehog (Sonic) and the Tasmanian devil (Taz) respectively and incorporate an animal that was "cute, real, and no one really knew about". The team purchased a field guide on Tasmanian mammals and selected the wombat, potoroo and bandicoot as options. Andy Gavin and Jason Rubin went with "Willie the Wombat" as a temporary name for the starring character of the game. The name was never meant to be final, due both to the name sounding "too dorky" and to the existence of a non-video game property of the same name. The character was effectively a bandicoot by October 1994, but was still referred to as "Willie the Wombat" because a final name had not been formulated yet. Wanting their mascot game to be multi-dimensional in character depth as well as gameplay, Gavin and Rubin chose not to base Willie around one attribute such as "fast" or "cute". The team felt that Willie should be "goofy and fun-loving, and never talk"; the character's muteness was based on the theory that voices for video game characters were always "lame, negative, and distracted from identification with them."


title: Crash Bandicoot (character)

text: American Exitus artist Charles Zembillas was hired (alongside environmental artist Joe Pearson) and met with weekly to design and develop Willie and the other characters of the game. It was decided early on that there would be no connection between the real animal and Willie's final design. Instead the design of the character was determined "51% by technical and visual necessity and 49% by inspiration". To determine the color of Willie's fur, Gavin created a list of popular characters and their colors, and then made a list of earthly background possibilities (such as forests, deserts, beaches, etc.). Colors that wouldn't look good on the screen were strictly outlawed, such as red, which would "bleed horribly" on older televisions. Orange was selected as the color of Willie's fur as the last available color. Willie's head was made large and neckless to counter the low resolution of the screen and allow Willie's facial expressions to be discernible. Jason Rubin noted the increased difficulty in turning Willie's head with this type of design. Small details such as the gloves, the spots on Willie's back and a light-colored chest were added to help the player determine what side of Willie was visible based on color. Willie was not given a tail or any flappy straps of clothing due to the PlayStation's inability to properly display such pixels without flickering. The length of Willie's pants was shortened to keep his ankles from flickering as they would with longer pants. Andy Gavin owns the original ink sketches of Crash by Charles Zembillas.


title: Crash Bandicoot (character)

text: Willie's final game model was made from 512 polygons with the only textures being for the spots on his back and his shoelaces. It took Andy Gavin a month to settle on that number of polygons. Because of the game's use of vertex animation, Willie was capable of more facial expressions than other video game characters at or before the time. Willie's jumping, spinning and bonking mechanisms were refined as the Naughty Dog team developed the levels "Heavy Machinery" and "Generator Room". While preparing for the game's demonstration at the Electronic Entertainment Expo, the team decided to finally rename the titular character "Crash Bandicoot" (the particular name being credited to Dave Baggett and Taylor Kurosaki), with his surname being based on his canonical species and his first name stemming from the visceral reaction to the character's destruction of boxes ("Dash", "Smash" and "Bash" were other potential names). The marketing director of Universal Interactive Studios insisted that the game and character be named "Wez/Wezzy/Wuzzle the Wombat" or "Ozzie the Otzel". The name "Crash Bandicoot" prevailed after Naughty Dog threatened to leave the production.


title: Crash Bandicoot (character)

text: After Naughty Dog presented "Crash Bandicoot" to Sony's Japanese division, the executives of Sony Computer Entertainment Japan stated their dislike of the character and were unimpressed by the renderings of the character made specifically for the meeting. During a break following the initial meeting, Andy Gavin approached Charlotte Francis, the artist responsible for the renderings, and gave her fifteen minutes to close Crash's huge, smiling mouth to make him seem less aggressive, change his eyes from green to "two small black "Pac-Man" shapes" and make his spike of hair smaller. Sony Japan bought "Crash Bandicoot" for Japanese distribution after being shown the modified printout.


title: Crash Bandicoot (character)

text: Crash served as a mascot for Sony Computer Entertainment from his creation until September 2000 when Universal Interactive Studios and Konami entered an agreement that would enable Konami to publish a "Crash Bandicoot" game (which would later become "") for next-generation game systems, with Universal Interactive handling the production of the games; the agreement served to break the "Crash Bandicoot" franchise's exclusivity to Sony-produced consoles and effectively made Crash Bandicoot a mascot character for Universal rather than Sony. Crash's game model in "Crash Bandicoot: The Wrath of Cortex" was composed of approximately 1,800 polygons, which allowed an increase in detail compared to past models, including a more complex and realistic tuft of hair, a visible uvula, stitching on his jeans and shoes and a designer label on his pants.


title: Crash Bandicoot (character)

text: Upon beginning development of "Crash Nitro Kart", Vicarious Visions chief executive officer and chief creative officer Karthik Bala noted that Crash's physical appearance had been inconsistent since his debut in 1996 and decided to "explore the original vision of the character" in an attempt to bring him back to his roots. Charles Zembillas and Joe Pearson were tracked down and enlisted for guidance during development of the game and were faced with the challenge of evolving the character and the franchise visually while retaining their "cartoon-like charm". To redesign Crash and the other mainstay characters of the series for "Crash Nitro Kart", the Vicarious Visions team reviewed a number of original development sketches from Zembillas's archives and then redesigned the main characters by incorporating details from the concept art and adding girth to the characters; Crash's appearance in the game, compared to the previous two games, sports a slightly larger nose, fuller eyebrows, and a far more textured body. Zembillas noted that "Crash is slimmer and more appealing now. There's also more emphasis on his eyes, and you can see the craftiness in his personality. That's Crash to me, and he's alive again in "Nitro Kart"".


title: Crash Bandicoot (character)

text: Crash Bandicoot was originally voiced by Brendan O'Brien from 1996 to 2004; O'Brien called Jason Rubin, who was at the time looking for a voice artist, after Joe Pearson suggested he do so. O'Brien's original work was recorded at a recording studio below the attraction. The character was later voiced by Chip Chinery in "Crash Team Racing" and Steve Blum in "Crash Nitro Kart". Jess Harnell has been voicing the character since 2005, beginning with "Crash Tag Team Racing". In 2020, Scott Whyte voiced the character in "". Carlos Alazraqui provided his voice in promotional trailers for "Cortex Strikes Back."


title: Crash Bandicoot (character)

text: In the Japanese versions of the games, he was voiced by Kappei Yamaguchi up until the release of "Nitro Kart" and the Pachislot game "CR Crash Bandicoot;" and by Makoto Ishii in "Crash Boom Bang!". In "Skylanders Academy", he is voiced by Eric Rogers and later by Rhys Darby.


title: Crash Bandicoot (character)

text: Crash was genetically engineered through the use of Cortex and Doctor Nitrus Brio's Evolvo-Ray. Before escaping from Doctor Neo Cortex's island fortress, Crash became romantically attached to a female bandicoot named Tawna, who was another one of Cortex's experiments. Crash's separation from Tawna at the hands of Cortex serves as the primary root of Crash's antagonism of Cortex. Crash is a very emotional character who is quick to laugh and quick to cry. While he has a danger-loving, fearless nature and loves a good fight, he prefers relaxing in the sun and rarely seeks out trouble deliberately. To the ire of his friend Crunch, but the amusement of his sister Coco, Crash is prone to impolite personal habits such as belching or scratching his posterior.


title: Crash Bandicoot (character)

text: Crash is generally depicted as a mute character, with the frequent exception of exclaiming "Whoa!" upon losing a life. In the Radical Entertainment games, Crash speaks in unintelligible gibberish, but gives a verbal exclamation of excitement in the ending sequence of "Crash of the Titans". In the "Skylanders Academy" web series, he speaks in full sentences with an Australian accent and frequently uses slang. Crash narrates the epilogue of "" in a fully articulate voice that Dalton Cooper of "Game Rant" described as "Morgan Freeman-esque".


title: Crash Bandicoot (character)

text: In the beginning of the series, Crash's sole offensive maneuvers were jumping onto his enemies and a distinctive technique in which he spins around like a tornado, kicking away anyone or anything that he strikes. In later games Crash can expand his range of abilities by defeating boss characters. The expanded abilities include a powerful splash, the ability to jump while in the air, the "Death Tornado Spin" (a variation of his spinning technique that allows him to hover through the air for a limited time), a bazooka that fires Wumpa Fruit, increased running speed, the ability to safely tip-toe on top of explosive crates, and the ability to jump at incredibly high heights. The games "Crash of the Titans" and "" allow Crash to further expand his offensive abilities with new fighting moves learned from collecting a magical substance known as "Mojo". In "", Crash has the ability to throw TNT crates, and can use his Yo-yo to bring in enemies to spin attack.


title: Crash Bandicoot (character)

text: As seen in "Crash Bandicoot", Crash was once an ordinary eastern barred bandicoot before he was snatched from the wild by Doctor Neo Cortex and subjected to the Evolvo-Ray as part of Cortex's plan to make Crash the "general" of his "Cortex Commandos", which would be used to dominate the world. However, he is later deemed unworthy of being in Cortex's army and escapes from Cortex's castle. As an act of revenge and to rescue a female bandicoot named Tawna, Crash travels through the Wumpa Islands, defeating Cortex's henchmen along the way. He eventually defeats Cortex, steals his airship, and escapes alongside Tawna. A year later in "", Crash is sent off to get a new laptop battery for his sister Coco, but is soon abducted by Cortex, who claims to have changed his ways. Crash is then ordered to gather Crystals for Cortex while fighting off opposition from Doctor Nitrus Brio. Once Cortex reveals his hidden intentions, Crash sends him flying off into space and aids Nitrus Brio in destroying the Cortex Vortex. In "", when the remains of the space station crash into Earth and set the demonic Uka Uka free, Crash is recruited by Aku Aku to use Doctor Nefarious Tropy's Time-Twisting Machine to gather the powerful Crystals in their original places before Cortex does. Crash eventually gathers all 25 Crystals and defeats Nefarious Tropy, causing the Time-Twisting Machine to implode on itself. In "", Crash is recruited to gather Crystals and return a group of destructive masks named the Elementals to a hibernation state and stop Cortex's new superweapon Crunch Bandicoot. In "Crash Twinsanity", after foiling another plot by Doctor Cortex to eliminate him, Crash teams up with Cortex in order to defeat the Evil Twins and restore the natural order of the universe.


title: Crash Bandicoot (character)

text: In "Crash of the Titans", Crash aids Coco in the development of a butter-recycling device. This is interrupted when Neo Cortex arrives and kidnaps Aku Aku and Coco. Crash throws Coco's machine at Cortex's airship, severing the chain holding Aku Aku's cage, which causes the cage to fall into the nearby forest. After Crash rescues Aku Aku, they discover that Cortex and Uka Uka are stealing Mojo from a nearby temple and decide to stop them. Crash is unable to rescue his sister but manages to defeat Cortex, and he begins his search for Coco, interrogating Dingodile, Tiny Tiger, N. Gin, and Uka Uka on her whereabouts. Crash finally confronts and defeats Nina Cortex inside of the Doominator robot, liberates his sister, and averts the destruction of Wumpa Island. Feeling happy for themselves, Crash and his family decide to celebrate their victory with pancakes, which he blurts out (speaking for the first time) in joy. Soon after, in "Crash: Mind over Mutant", the NV, a personal digital assistant that everyone must possess, is released to the public. However, this turns out to be a plot by Doctor Cortex and his old partner Doctor Nitrus Brio, who use the NV's Mojo-transmitting powers to control everyone who uses the device. Because Crash is unaffected by the NV, he is able to free his friends from the control of the NV and stop Cortex's and Brio's plot.


title: Crash Bandicoot (character)

text: Crash appears as a playable character in "Team Racing" and "Bash". The epilogue of "Team Racing" states that Crash sold his life story, titled "The Color Orange", to a major film studio, set to be released by the Christmas season. In "", Crash is recruited to gather Crystals to power a device built by Coco that will reverse the effects of Cortex's Planetary Minimizer, which has shrunken the Earth to the size of a grapefruit. In "", Crash is awoken from his nap by the kidnapping of Coco and Crunch by Nefarious Tropy and N. Trance. Crash is almost kidnapped himself before being rescued by Aku Aku. He is then sent off to rescue Crunch and Coco, recruit Fake Crash, and defeat N. Trance and Nefarious Tropy. Crash is a playable character in "Nitro Kart", in which he is abducted (along with other characters) by Emperor Velo XXVII and forced to compete in the Galaxy Circuit. When Velo relinquishes his power to Crash, Crash seriously considers the possibility of ruling over Velo's empire, but he refuses the offer and leaves Velo with his empire. In "", Crash is tricked into thinking that Spyro the Dragon is attacking the Wumpa Islands, but he discovers the truth after a fight on a bridge, and teams up with Spyro to defeat the combined forces of Doctor Neo Cortex and Ripto. In "Tag Team Racing", Crash is recruited (along with other characters) by Ebenezer Von Clutch to gather the stolen Power Gems of his amusement park and win the park's ownership. He also finds Von Clutch's lost Black Power Gem by the end of the game. Crash is a playable character in "Boom Bang!", in which he interrupts the Viscount's wish to the Super Big Power Crystal and wishes for a vast amount of Wumpa Fruit.


title: Crash Bandicoot (character)

text: Crash makes a special guest appearance in "" in a playable recreation of the 'Boulder Dash' level from "Crash Bandicoot". Additionally, Crash appears in "" alongside Doctor Neo Cortex as a playable Skylander. Here he is accompanied by Aku Aku, who serves as his translator. Crash also makes recurring appearances in "Skylanders Academy", being transported from his own world into the world of Skylands. Unlike his appearance in "", Aku Aku does not accompany him. Also unlike any of his other appearances, he speaks fluent English with an Australian accent, provided by showrunner Eric Rogers in the first season and by Rhys Darby in the third season. Crash, Coco, Aku Aku, Cortex, and Kapuna-Wa appear in the PlayStation 4 "It's time to play" commercial alongside other gaming characters. Crash and Aku Aku make a cameo appearance in "Astro's Playroom".


title: Crash Bandicoot (character)

text: Crash has been featured in two series of "Crash Bandicoot" action figures produced by the now-defunct Resaurus. For "Crash Bandicoot 2: Cortex Strikes Back", Resaurus produced a "Jetboard Crash" (a Crash Bandicoot figure bundled with the jetboard seen in the game) and a "Jet Pack Crash" (a goggle-wearing Crash Bandicoot figure bundled with the jet pack seen in the game). The "Crash Bandicoot: Warped" series featured three different figures of Crash, including one bundled with Aku Aku and Coco Bandicoot figures. A Crash figurine was released as part of the "Skylanders: Imaginators" starter pack for PlayStation 3 and PlayStation 4 in October 2016; he will be playable across all platforms. To promote the series comeback, various shirts, keychains, and other types of merchandise was officially licensed from Activision with Numskull Product Design. Additionally, First 4 Figures plans on producing a Crash Bandicoot statue.


title: Crash Bandicoot (character)

text: Paleontologists have named an extinct bandicoot from the Miocene of Australia after the character, "Crash bandicoot". Although somewhat unusual for the scientific community, the name was used in an entirely unaltered form, without attempting to return to Latin or Greek roots.


title: Crash Bandicoot (character)

text: As a mascot character, Crash has drawn numerous comparisons to competing mascots such as Mario and Sonic by reviewers. Dave Halverson of "GameFan" praised Crash's animations, appearance and mannerisms as "100% perfection". A reviewer for "GameRevolution" praised Crash's "quirky mannerisms" as "always refreshing", and John Broady of "GameSpot" described Crash as "disarmingly cute and fuzzy". Doug Perry of "IGN" was critical of the character, seeing him as "insanely capitalistic", negatively comparing his voice to Luigi of the "Mario" series and accusing him of being "the most see-through, copycat mascot that ever existed." Louis Bedigian of "GameZone" also disliked Crash's voice, remarking "it is really annoying to hear a child say, 'Whoa!' every time you fall in the water, especially when you realize that the child's voice is supposed to be Crash". Crash's animations, particularly in "Crash Bandicoot: The Wrath of Cortex", have been praised as humorous by reviewers. Ryan Davis of "GameSpot" analyzed Crash's "overextended running style and self-punishing attacks" as establishing him as an "empty-headed but enthusiastic character", and compared his facial contortions to those of comedian Red Skelton. In a poll held by "MSN" in late 2008 to determine the most iconic video game character, Crash ranked at #8. In the "Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition" from 2011, he was voted as the eleventh best video game character. However, he also ranked eighth on "IGN"s top 10 list of video game characters who should die, adding that it would be a mercy killing. "IGN" editor Colin Moriarty stated that his games add little to innovate the series over the years, rendering the character useless. In 2021, "HobbyConsolas" also included Crash on their "The 30 best heroes of the last 30 years." while Rachel Weber of "GamesRadar" ranked Crash as 8th of their "50 iconic video game characters."


title: Crash Bandicoot (character)

text: Crash's aesthetic design in the games developed by Radical Entertainment has received mixed reactions from reviewers. Ravi Sinha of "GamingBolt" considered the design among the worst in video games, noting that the developers should not have tried "to make Crash look 'cool'". Brian Rowe of "GameRevolution" noted that Crash's fingerless gloves have been replaced with "equally outdated" tribal tattoos and that Crash's personality had been altered from his "obnoxiously extreme attitude" to that of a "bluthering, googly-eyed idiot". Although Rowe wondered when and why the change happened, he concluded that "it's better than the popular goatee-of-rage that so many other platform giants are sporting these days". Arnold Katayev of "PSX Extreme", while admitting that the character detail on Crash was "pretty nice", expressed unhappiness with the artistic choices made for the character; he described Crash's tribal tattoos as "a little pretentious" and noted that the increased definition on his mohawk patch made Crash come off as "trying too hard to be cool". He added that Crash's new fighting style begot a stance that consists of Crash "putting up his dukes like a boxer", which he deemed "out of character" for Crash. Finally, while critiquing the voice acting in "Crash of the Titans", he remarked that Crash "especially sounds awful, largely because he doesn't actually speak - he just blabs annoying gibberish, which makes him sound like he's an infant". Matt Keller of "PALGN" also criticized Crash's voice, which he said made Crash sound "like a confused baby". Louis Bedigian of "GameZone" stated that "Crash's character design has gone from cool to goofy and now to the dreaded place of being dorky" and said that the minute and gradual changes made to Crash's design throughout the series "have really hurt Crash's appearance as a leading game character". "GamePro" named Crash's new design as the second worst video game character makeover ever. Craig Harris of "IGN" was more positive on Crash's new appearance and noted that Crash "looks a little floofier and a lot edgier, gaining a spikier Mohawk and trading in his fingerless gloves for tribal ink all up and down his arms" while comparing his incoherent squawking vocalizations to Kazooie of the "Banjo-Kazooie" series. He concluded that "ultimately he's been changed for the better. He looks a little cooler and more appealing than his more 'Japanese-inspired' edits over the years".


title: The Good Place (season 1)

text: The first season of the fantasy comedy television series "The Good Place", created by Michael Schur, aired between September 19, 2016, and January 19, 2017, on NBC in the United States. The season was produced by Fremulon, 3 Arts Entertainment, and Universal Television.


title: The Good Place (season 1)

text: The series focuses on Eleanor Shellstrop (Kristen Bell), a recently deceased young woman who wakes up in the afterlife and is welcomed by Michael (Ted Danson) to "the Good Place," a heaven-like utopia he designed, in reward for her righteous life. Eleanor realizes that she was sent there by mistake, and hides her morally imperfect behavior (past and present). William Jackson Harper, Jameela Jamil, and Manny Jacinto co-star as other residents of the Good Place, together with D'Arcy Carden as an artificial being helping the inhabitants. Each of the episodes are listed as "Chapter (xx)" following the opening title sequence.


title: The Good Place (season 1)

text: The first season of "The Good Place" received positive reviews from television critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the first season has a rating of 92%, based on 71 reviews, with an average rating of 7.74/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Kristen Bell and Ted Danson knock it out of the park with supremely entertaining, charming performances in this absurd, clever and whimsical portrayal of the afterlife." On Metacritic, the first season has a score of 78 out of 100, based on reviews from 32 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews."


title: Nicole Lapin

text: Nicole Lapin (born March 7, 1984) is an American television news anchor, author and businesswoman. She is known for being an American news anchor on CNBC, CNN and Bloomberg. Lapin also served as a finance correspondent for "Morning Joe" on MSNBC and "The Today Show" on NBC. She is "The New York Times" bestselling author of "Rich Bitch", "Boss Bitch" and "Becoming Super Woman". In September 2019 her book "Becoming Super Woman", a 12-step plan to go from burnout to balance was released. In February 2022, her fourth book "Miss Independent" was released, debuting on The Wall Street Journal bestseller's list in the category "Hardcover Business".


title: Nicole Lapin

text: She is currently the host of "Hatched", a business competition show on The CW Network, airing Saturday mornings for the second season. Lapin regularly appears on "Good Morning America", "Dr. Oz", CNN, "Entertainment Tonight" and major talk shows. as a business reporter and expert money commentator. She is the co-host, along with the editor-in-chief of Entrepreneur Jason Feifer, of the podcast "Hush Money" on iHeartRadio. She is the current host of her own “Money Rehab with Nicole Lapin” daily iHeartradio show. She is also currently the host of iHeartRadio's "Money Rehab with Nicole Lapin," a daily podcast about money habits.


title: Nicole Lapin

text: Lapin was born and raised in Los Angeles, California, the daughter of a scientist and a beauty queen. Her family is Jewish. Lapin became interested in journalism while watching coverage of the Gulf War on CNN, which her parents barred her from watching due to "the perceived negativity and carnage." Lapin got her first broadcast experience when she was in high school and worked as the news anchor for the Public-access television cable TV station. She did writing programs at Harvard when she was 15. She received her BA from the Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern University, as the valedictorian of her class. She graduated summa cum laude, also earning honors for a second major in political science. Even though she took time off to work professionally, she was still the youngest in her class. Lapin studied European Union politics at "L'Institut d'études politiques de Paris".


title: Nicole Lapin

text: Lapin began her career as a correspondent at CBS Stations in South Dakota and Kentucky. She also served as an investigative "I-Team" reporter for KPSP-LP in Palm Springs, California. There, she reported live from San Quentin Prison during the execution of Stanley Williams. Lapin also worked as a reporter on the floor of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange for First Business network in Chicago.


title: Nicole Lapin

text: She joined CNN in 2005, becoming one of the youngest anchors in the network's history. She has anchored major events like the Virginia Tech massacre, Israel-Hezbollah conflict, and the 2008 Presidential election. In 2007, she created an interview series at CNN called "Young People Who Rock" where she talks with people under the age of 30 who are doing remarkable things. In 2009, Lapin reported on location in Los Angeles during Michael Jackson's memorial service. She also interviewed Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger one-on-one during California's budget crisis. She was one of the anchors to launch CNN Live, the network's 24-hour online streaming news network and regularly appeared on CNN Headline News, CNN, and CNN International.


title: Nicole Lapin

text: Lapin joined CNBC in January 2010 as the anchor based in New York on the only globally aired show on the network, "Worldwide Exchange" joining CNBC Europe's Ross Westgate in London and CNBC Asia's Christine Tan in Singapore. In June 2010, she added the role co-anchoring "The Kudlow Report" from 7-8pm EST to her CNBC duties. During her time on CNBC, she regularly interviewed Fortune 500 CEOs and broke news of Initial Public Offerings and pre-market movements. Lapin anchored her show from Washington, D.C. during the U.S. budget crisis of 2011. Lapin reported extensively in-the-field on the fiscal woes of the U.S. States with a series called "States of Pain" and followed the renaissance of the "Made in America" movement, highlighting its effect on the global economy. She contributed a regular column on CNBC.com with racy titles like "Waking Up With Nicole Lapin" that recapped overnight stock market movements and unconventional stories like the business of sex. Her reporting on alternative investments like comic books, wine and horses also appeared in USA Today.


title: Nicole Lapin

text: During her time at NBC, Lapin reported on personal finance for Today. She had a live daily business update on Morning Joe and MSNBC. She also contributed to NBC affiliate stations across the country with business updates, including KNBC in Los Angeles and WNBC in New York. She became the first "crossover" example of the NBCUniversal-Comcast deal by contributing business reports to The Golf Channel's "Morning Drive" program.


title: Nicole Lapin

text: In September 2012, it was announced that Lapin joined Bloomberg Television as an anchor and special correspondent. While at Bloomberg, she anchored "Bloomberg West" in both San Francisco and New York City. She covered technology and interview startup founders like LinkedIn's Jeff Weiner, Zappos’ Tony Hsieh and Foursquare's Dennis Crowley. Lapin also reported on technology in football, interviewing the owners of the 49ers and Cowboys.


title: Nicole Lapin

text: In 2013, Lapin was named a special correspondent, focusing on the business of Hollywood, for "omg! Insider, Entertainment Tonight" and the money saving correspondent for "The Wendy Williams Show".


title: Nicole Lapin

text: Lapin founded her own production company to produce accessible money content geared toward women. The company created a financial news website Recessionista, which served as the inspiration show on Ora TV, Carlos Slim and Larry King's network. In 2014, she announced an AOL Originals show that she hosts and executive produces called "I'll Never Forget My First", in which she interviews influential women about the first time they knew they "made it." Lapin's company also launched CASH Smartwatch, the first wearable device that enabled users to track his or her spending throughout the day with retail partner HSN.


title: Nicole Lapin

text: In 2014, Harlequin (now HarperCollins) announced that it is publishing Lapin's book "Rich Bitch", a personal finance guide for women, in a six-figure deal. The book sold out on Amazon.com the first week and made The "New York Times" Bestseller list. In 2015, Lapin inked a significant six-figure deal with Crown Business, a division of Penguin Random House, for her second book entitled "Boss Bitch". In 2018, BenBella announced they are publishing Lapin's third book, "Becoming Super Woman."" In October 2020, she signed a seven-book seven-figure deal with HarperCollins Leadership"."


title: Nicole Lapin

text: "Redbook" magazine named Lapin their permanent money columnist in 2015, a first for a Hearst Corporation publication.


title: Nicole Lapin

text: Also in 2015, she was named the host and only female judge of "Hatched", a business competition show on The CW Network, airing Saturday mornings. The show was renewed for its second season in 2016 on CBS.


title: Nicole Lapin

text: In 2018 she launched online masterclasses "The Money Money School" and "The Boss School". On "The Boss School" podcast, she interviews CEOs and founders including Bobbi Brown and Alli Webb. In 2019 she was named a professor in the Jack Welch School of Business at Strayer University alongside Queen Latifah and Jon Steinberg.


title: Nicole Lapin

text: She has contributed financial reports and segments to Rachael Ray, The Kelly Clarkson Show, The Doctors and Access Hollywood. Lapin currently serves as a regular money expert for and E! Daily Pop on-air and Forbes, Entrepreneur and Thrive online.


title: Nicole Lapin

text: Lapin had been the host of 2 seasons of Hatched, a business competition reality show aimed at kids, airing on CBS and The CW alongside investor Carter Milliken Reum. She has been the co-host, along with the editor-in-chief of Entrepreneur Jason Feifer, of the podcast "Hush Money" on iHeartradio. Lapin regularly appears on Good Morning America, The Talk, Daily Pop on E! News and other major talk shows as a business reporter and expert money commentator.


title: Nicole Lapin

text: Lapin has been on the cover of PowerGirls Magazine and Eliza magazine. She is the 2008 recipient of the "Power 30 under 30" award. In 2011, she was named a judge for the Tribeca Film Festival. In 2016 she was named a judge for Miss America.


title: Nicole Lapin

text: Lapin was named the "Money Idol" of the Year in the GoBankingRates Best Money Expert Competition, the first female to ever win the competition and beating out Tony Robbins, Dave Ramsey and Tim Ferriss. She won two years in a row.


title: Nicole Lapin

text: In 2011, Nicole Lapin was named New York City's No. 1 bachelorette in the media by "The New York Observer".


title: Nicole Lapin

text: In 2018, she was named to Young Jewish Professionals "40 under 40" along with the founder of The Skimm Danielle Weisberg.


title: Nicole Lapin

text: Lapin served an ambassador for the Starlight Starbright Children's Foundation, and created a chat series called "Being Smart is Cool" that "educates terminally ill children on global issues". Lapin has also served as an ambassador for Points of Light and launched a birthday campaign with The United Nation's "Girl Up" initiative.


title: Nicole Lapin

text: She currently serves as a "smile ambassador," with Jessica Simpson, for Operation Smile. She is on the advisory board of Step Up and sits on the all-female board of Women in Need.


title: Nicole Lapin

text: In 2020 she talked about a miscarriage she had and launched a petition for companies to start miscarriage leave policies. She also had Senator Tammy Duckworth on her show to discuss proposed legislation which would allow women to take time off after pregnancy loss.


title: Nicole Lapin

text: In the past, Lapin dated Brian Stelter and Twitter founder Jack Dorsey and lived with billionaire Michael G. Rubin for 4 years.


title: Moritz Seider

text: Moritz Seider (; born 6 April 2001) is a German professional ice hockey defenseman for the Detroit Red Wings in the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected sixth overall by the Red Wings in the 2019 NHL Entry Draft.


title: Moritz Seider

text: A top prospect for the 2019 NHL Entry Draft, he was tabbed as "the best German defense prospect since Christian Ehrhoff" by The Hockey Writers. On 21 June 2019, he was selected in the first round, sixth overall, by the Detroit Red Wings. On 14 July, he signed a three-year, entry-level contract with the Red Wings.


title: Moritz Seider

text: On 4 August 2020, Seider was loaned to his original club, Adler Mannheim of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL), to begin the 2020–21 season due to the delayed North American season as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. On 8 October, with no start date for the DEL in sight, the Red Wings terminated his loan with Mannheim. It was announced on the same day that he would instead be loaned to Rögle BK of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL) for the remainder of the season, joining former Adler Mannheim teammate Ben Smith. After the 2020–21 season, Seider was named the SHL defenceman of the year.


title: Moritz Seider

text: Seider made the Red Wings opening day roster out of training camp to start the 2021–22 NHL season. Seider was named the NHL Rookie of the Month for October 2021 after recording eight points in nine games. On 6 November 2021, Seider scored his first NHL goal, in overtime against Buffalo Sabres goaltender Dustin Tokarski in a 4–3 Red Wings win. Seider scored seven goals and 43 assists during his first season with the Red Wings. He led first-year defensemen in assists, points, power-play points, game-winning goals and shots on goal, and ranked second in goals. On 21 June 2022, he was announced as the winner of the Calder Memorial Trophy, awarded to the player deemed the most proficient player in his first year of competition in the National Hockey League.


title: Moritz Seider

text: At the 2019 World Junior Championship Division IA tournament, he led all defensemen in scoring, captaining Germany to a first-place finish and promotion to the top division of the following year's tournament, where he once again served as captain. He would opt not to participate at the 2021 tournament, deciding instead to stay with Rögle. At the 2021 IIHF World Championship, Seider was awarded Best Defenceman by the IIHF directorate and was a member of the All-Star Team selected by the media.


title: Moritz Seider

text: In October 2021, Seider was named as one of three provisional players for Germany's 2022 Olympic roster for the Beijing Games, alongside Leon Draisaitl and Philipp Grubauer.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), previously known as pseudotumor cerebri and benign intracranial hypertension, is a condition characterized by increased intracranial pressure (pressure around the brain) without a detectable cause. The main symptoms are headache, vision problems, ringing in the ears, and shoulder pain. Complications may include vision loss.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: This condition is idiopathic, meaning there is no known cause. Risk factors include being overweight or a recent increase in weight. Tetracycline may also trigger the condition. The diagnosis is based on symptoms and a high opening pressure found during a lumbar puncture with no specific cause found on a brain scan.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: Treatment includes a healthy diet, salt restriction, and exercise. The medication acetazolamide may also be used along with the above measures. A small percentage of people may require surgery to relieve the pressure.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: About 2 per 100,000 people are newly affected per year. The condition most commonly affects women aged 20–50. Women are affected about 20 times more often than men. The condition was first described in 1897.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: The most common symptom of IIH is severe headache, which occurs in almost all (92–94%) cases. It is characteristically worse in the morning, generalized in character and throbbing in nature. It may be associated with nausea and vomiting. The headache can be made worse by any activity that further increases the intracranial pressure, such as coughing and sneezing. The pain may also be experienced in the neck and shoulders. Many have pulsatile tinnitus, a whooshing sensation in one or both ears (64–87%); this sound is synchronous with the pulse. Various other symptoms, such as numbness of the extremities, generalized weakness, pain and/or numbness in one or both sides of the face, loss of smell, and loss of coordination, are reported more rarely; none are specific for IIH. In children, numerous nonspecific signs and symptoms may be present.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: The increased pressure leads to compression and traction of the cranial nerves, a group of nerves that arise from the brain stem and supply the face and neck. Most commonly, the abducens nerve (sixth nerve) is involved. This nerve supplies the muscle that pulls the eye outward. Those with sixth nerve palsy therefore experience horizontal double vision which is worse when looking towards the affected side. More rarely, the oculomotor nerve and trochlear nerve (third and fourth nerve palsy, respectively) are affected; both play a role in eye movements. The facial nerve (seventh cranial nerve) is affected occasionally – the result is total or partial weakness of the muscles of facial expression on one or both sides of the face.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: The increased pressure leads to papilledema, which is swelling of the optic disc, the spot where the optic nerve enters the eyeball. This occurs in practically all cases of IIH, but not everyone experiences symptoms from this. Those who do experience symptoms typically report "transient visual obscurations", episodes of difficulty seeing that occur in both eyes but not necessarily at the same time. Long-term untreated papilledema leads to visual loss, initially in the periphery but progressively towards the center of vision.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: Physical examination of the nervous system is typically normal apart from the presence of papilledema, which is seen on examination of the eye with a small device called an ophthalmoscope or in more detail with a fundus camera. If there are cranial nerve abnormalities, these may be noticed on eye examination in the form of a squint (third, fourth, or sixth nerve palsy) or as facial nerve palsy. If the papilledema has been longstanding, visual fields may be constricted and visual acuity may be decreased. Visual field testing by automated (Humphrey) perimetry is recommended as other methods of testing may be less accurate. Longstanding papilledema leads to optic atrophy, in which the disc looks pale and visual loss tends to be advanced.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: "Idiopathic" means of unknown cause. Therefore, IIH can only be diagnosed if there is no alternative explanation for the symptoms. Intracranial pressure may be increased due to medications such as high-dose vitamin A derivatives (e.g., isotretinoin for acne), long-term tetracycline antibiotics (for a variety of skin conditions) and hormonal contraceptives.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: There are numerous other diseases, mostly rare conditions, that may lead to intracranial hypertension. If there is an underlying cause, the condition is termed "secondary intracranial hypertension". Common causes of secondary intracranial hypertension include obstructive sleep apnea (a sleep-related breathing disorder), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), chronic kidney disease, and Behçet's disease.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: The cause of IIH is not known. The Monro–Kellie rule states that the intracranial pressure is determined by the amount of brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood inside the bony cranial vault. Three theories therefore exist as to why the pressure might be raised in IIH: an excess of CSF production, increased volume of blood or brain tissue, or obstruction of the veins that drain blood from the brain.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: The first theory, that of increased production of cerebrospinal fluid, was proposed in early descriptions of the disease. However, there is no experimental data that supports a role for this process in IIH.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: The second theory posits that either increased blood flow to the brain or increase in the brain tissue itself may result in the raised pressure. Little evidence has accumulated to support the suggestion that increased blood flow plays a role, but recently Bateman et al. in phase contrast MRA studies have quantified cerebral blood flow (CBF) in vivo and suggests that CBF is abnormally elevated in many people with IIH. Both biopsy samples and various types of brain scans have shown an increased water content of the brain tissue. It remains unclear why this might be the case.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: The third theory suggests that restricted venous drainage from the brain may be impaired resulting in congestion. Many people with IIH have narrowing of the transverse sinuses. It is not clear whether this narrowing is the pathogenesis of the disease or a secondary phenomenon. It has been proposed that a positive biofeedback loop may exist, where raised ICP (intracranial pressure) causes venous narrowing in the transverse sinuses, resulting in venous hypertension (raised venous pressure), decreased CSF resorption via arachnoid granulation and further rise in ICP.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: The diagnosis may be suspected on the basis of the history and examination. To confirm the diagnosis, as well as excluding alternative causes, several investigations are required; more investigations may be performed if the history is not typical or the person is more likely to have an alternative problem: children, men, the elderly, or women who are not overweight.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: Neuroimaging, usually with computed tomography (CT/CAT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is used to exclude any mass lesions. In IIH these scans typically appear to be normal, although small or slit-like ventricles, dilatation and buckling of the optic nerve sheaths and "empty sella sign" (flattening of the pituitary gland due to increased pressure) and enlargement of Meckel's caves may be seen.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: An MR venogram is also performed in most cases to exclude the possibility of venous sinus stenosis/obstruction or cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. A contrast-enhanced MRV (ATECO) scan has a high detection rate for abnormal transverse sinus stenoses. These stenoses can be more adequately identified and assessed with catheter cerebral venography and manometry. Buckling of the bilateral optic nerves with increased perineural fluid is also often noted on MRI imaging.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: Lumbar puncture is performed to measure the opening pressure, as well as to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to exclude alternative diagnoses. If the opening pressure is increased, CSF may be removed for transient relief (see below). The CSF is examined for abnormal cells, infections, antibody levels, the glucose level, and protein levels. By definition, all of these are within their normal limits in IIH. Occasionally, the CSF pressure measurement may be normal despite very suggestive symptoms. This may be attributable to the fact that CSF pressure may fluctuate over the course of the normal day. If the suspicion of problems remains high, it may be necessary to perform more long-term monitoring of the ICP by a pressure catheter.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: They were modified by Smith in 1985 to become the "modified Dandy criteria". Smith included the use of more advanced imaging: Dandy had required ventriculography, but Smith replaced this with computed tomography. In a 2001 paper, Digre and Corbett amended Dandy's criteria further. They added the requirement that the person is awake and alert, as coma precludes adequate neurological assessment, and require exclusion of venous sinus thrombosis as an underlying cause. Furthermore, they added the requirement that no other cause for the raised ICP is found.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: In a 2002 review, Friedman and Jacobson propose an alternative set of criteria, derived from Smith's. These require the absence of symptoms that could not be explained by a diagnosis of IIH, but do not require the actual presence of any symptoms (such as headache) attributable to IIH. These criteria also require that the lumbar puncture is performed with the person lying sideways, as a lumbar puncture performed in the upright sitting position can lead to artificially high pressure measurements. Friedman and Jacobson also do not insist on MR venography for every person; rather, this is only required in atypical cases (see "diagnosis" above).


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: The primary goal in treatment of IIH is the prevention of visual loss and blindness, as well as symptom control. IIH is treated mainly through the reduction of CSF pressure and IIH may resolve after initial treatment, may go into spontaneous remission (although it can still relapse at a later stage), or may continue chronically.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: The first step in symptom control is drainage of cerebrospinal fluid by lumbar puncture. If necessary, this may be performed at the same time as a diagnostic LP (such as done in search of a CSF infection). In some cases, this is sufficient to control the symptoms, and no further treatment is needed.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: The procedure can be repeated if necessary, but this is generally taken as a clue that additional treatments may be required to control the symptoms and preserve vision. Repeated lumbar punctures are regarded as unpleasant by people, and they present a danger of introducing spinal infections if done too often. Repeated lumbar punctures are sometimes needed to control the ICP urgently if the person's vision deteriorates rapidly.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: The best-studied medical treatment for intracranial hypertension is acetazolamide (Diamox), which acts by inhibiting the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, and it reduces CSF production by six to 57 percent. It can cause the symptoms of hypokalemia (low blood potassium levels), which include muscle weakness and tingling in the fingers. Acetazolamide cannot be used in pregnancy, since it has been shown to cause embryonic abnormalities in animal studies. Also, in human beings it has been shown to cause metabolic acidosis as well as disruptions in the blood electrolyte levels of newborn babies. The diuretic furosemide is sometimes used for a treatment if acetazolamide is not tolerated, but this drug sometimes has little effect on the ICP.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: Various analgesics (painkillers) may be used in controlling the headaches of intracranial hypertension. In addition to conventional agents such as paracetamol, a low dose of the antidepressant amitriptyline or the anticonvulsant topiramate have shown some additional benefit for pain relief.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: The use of steroids in the attempt to reduce the ICP is controversial. These may be used in severe papilledema, but otherwise their use is discouraged.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: Venous sinus stenoses leading to venous hypertension appear to play a significant part in relation to raised ICP, and stenting of a transverse sinus may resolve venous hypertension, leading to improved CSF resorption, decreased ICP, cure of papilledema and other symptoms of IIH.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: A self-expanding metal stent is permanently deployed within the dominant transverse sinus across the stenosis under general anaesthesia. In general, people are discharged the next day. People require double antiplatelet therapy for a period of up to 3 months after the procedure and aspirin therapy for up to 1 year.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: In a systematic analysis of 19 studies with 207 cases, there was an 87% improvement in overall symptom rate and 90% cure rate for treatment of papilledema. Major complications only occurred in 3/207 people (1.4%). In the largest single series of transverse sinus stenting there was an 11% rate of recurrence after one stent, requiring further stenting.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: Due to the permanence of the stent and small but definite risk of complications, most experts will recommend that person with IIH must have papilledema and have failed medical therapy or are intolerant to medication before stenting is undertaken.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: Two main surgical procedures exist in the treatment of IIH: "optic nerve sheath decompression and fenestration" and shunting. Surgery would normally only be offered if medical therapy is either unsuccessful or not tolerated. The choice between these two procedures depends on the predominant problem in IIH. Neither procedure is perfect: both may cause significant complications, and both may eventually fail in controlling the symptoms. There are no randomized controlled trials to guide the decision as to which procedure is best.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: Optic nerve sheath fenestration is an operation that involves the making of an incision in the connective tissue lining of the optic nerve in its portion behind the eye. It is not entirely clear how it protects the eye from the raised pressure, but it may be the result of either diversion of the CSF into the orbit or the creation of an area of scar tissue that lowers the pressure. The effects on the intracranial pressure itself are more modest. Moreover, the procedure may lead to significant complications, including blindness in 1–2%. The procedure is therefore recommended mainly in those who have limited headache symptoms but significant papilledema or threatened vision, or in those who have undergone unsuccessful treatment with a shunt or have a contraindication for shunt surgery.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: Shunt surgery, usually performed by neurosurgeons, involves the creation of a conduit by which CSF can be drained into another body cavity. The initial procedure is usually a lumboperitoneal (LP) shunt, which connects the subarachnoid space in the lumbar spine with the peritoneal cavity. Generally, a pressure valve is included in the circuit to avoid excessive drainage when the person is erect. LP shunting provides long-term relief in about half the cases; others require revision of the shunt, often on more than one occasion—usually due to shunt obstruction. If the lumboperitoneal shunt needs repeated revisions, a "ventriculoatrial" or "ventriculoperitoneal shunt" may be considered. These shunts are inserted in one of the lateral ventricles of the brain, usually by stereotactic surgery, and then connected either to the right atrium of the heart or the peritoneal cavity, respectively. Given the reduced need for revisions in ventricular shunts, it is possible that this procedure will become the first-line type of shunt treatment.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: It has been shown that in obese people, bariatric surgery (and especially gastric bypass surgery) can lead to resolution of the condition in over 95%.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: It is not known what percentage of people with IIH will remit spontaneously, and what percentage will develop chronic disease.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: IIH does not normally affect life expectancy. The major complications from IIH arise from untreated or treatment-resistant papilledema. In various case series, the long-term risk of one's vision being significantly affected by IIH is reported to lie anywhere between 10 and 25%.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: On average, IIH occurs in about one per 100,000 people, and can occur in children and adults. The median age at diagnosis is 30. IIH occurs predominantly in women, especially in the ages 20 to 45, who are four to eight times more likely than men to be affected. Overweight and obesity strongly predispose a person to IIH: women who are more than ten percent over their ideal body weight are thirteen times more likely to develop IIH, and this figure goes up to nineteen times in women who are more than twenty percent over their ideal body weight. In men this relationship also exists, but the increase is only five-fold in those over 20 percent above their ideal body weight.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: Despite several reports of IIH in families, there is no known genetic cause for IIH. People from all ethnicities may develop IIH. In children, there is no difference in incidence between males and females.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: From national hospital admission databases it appears that the need for neurosurgical intervention for IIH has increased markedly over the period between 1988 and 2002. This has been attributed at least in part to the rising prevalence of obesity, although some of this increase may be explained by the increased popularity of shunting over optic nerve sheath fenestration.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: The first report of IIH was by the German physician Heinrich Quincke, who described it in 1893 under the name serous meningitis The term "pseudotumor cerebri" was introduced in 1904 by his compatriot Max Nonne. Numerous other cases appeared in the literature subsequently; in many cases, the raised intracranial pressure may actually have resulted from underlying conditions. For instance, the otitic hydrocephalus reported by London neurologist Sir Charles Symonds may have resulted from venous sinus thrombosis caused by middle ear infection. Diagnostic criteria for IIH were developed in 1937 by the Baltimore neurosurgeon Walter Dandy; Dandy also introduced subtemporal decompressive surgery in the treatment of the condition.


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: The terms "benign" and "pseudotumor" derive from the fact that increased intracranial pressure may be associated with brain tumors. Those people in whom no tumour was found were therefore diagnosed with "pseudotumor cerebri" (a disease mimicking a brain tumor). The disease was renamed benign intracranial hypertension in 1955 to distinguish it from intracranial hypertension due to life-threatening diseases (such as cancer); however, this was also felt to be misleading because any disease that can blind someone should not be thought of as benign, and the name was therefore revised in 1989 to "idiopathic (of no identifiable cause) intracranial hypertension".


title: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

text: Shunt surgery was introduced in 1949; initially, ventriculoperitoneal shunts were used. In 1971, good results were reported with lumboperitoneal shunting. Negative reports on shunting in the 1980s led to a brief period (1988–1993) during which optic nerve fenestration (which had initially been described in an unrelated condition in 1871) was more popular. Since then, shunting is recommended predominantly, with occasional exceptions.


title: My Best Friend's Exorcism (film)

text: My Best Friend's Exorcism is a 2022 American supernatural comedy horror film directed by Damon Thomas from a screenplay by Jenna Lamia, based on the 2016 novel of the same name by Grady Hendrix. The film stars Elsie Fisher, Amiah Miller, Rachel Ogechi Kanu, and Cathy Ang. The film was released on Prime Video on September 30, 2022.


title: My Best Friend's Exorcism (film)

text: In 1988, high school sophomores Abby Rivers and Gretchen Lang are longtime best friends. Gretchen is moving away with her family over the summer, which saddens Abby, but Gretchen assures her they will always have each other. Together with their friends Margaret Chisholm and Glee Tanaka, Abby and Gretchen spend a weekend at Margaret's family's lake house. One night, they all ingest LSD provided by Margaret's boyfriend Wallace Stoney and, with the exception of Abby, go skinny-dipping in the lake. When Margaret makes an insensitive comment about Abby's acne, Abby walks away, with Gretchen following her to comfort her.


title: My Best Friend's Exorcism (film)

text: Abby and Gretchen venture into an abandoned shack across the lake where a ritualistic Satanic murder supposedly occurred. Inside, a sinister tree-like creature with a single giant eye scares both girls and they run. Abby finds a way out, while Gretchen is dragged away by an unseen force. Realizing Gretchen is not with her, Abby returns to the shack with Margaret and Glee to find Gretchen in a state of shock. Gretchen is upset that Abby abandoned her.


title: My Best Friend's Exorcism (film)

text: Back at school, Abby worries about Gretchen's uncharacteristically aloof demeanor. During a performance by the Lemon Brothers, a trio of Christian bodybuilders, one of the members, Christian, notices Gretchen's ghoulish appearance. Over the next few days, Gretchen continues to behave erratically, projectile vomiting during lunch and urinating in a trash can while in class.


title: My Best Friend's Exorcism (film)

text: Abby drives to Gretchen's house to check on her. Gretchen's father does not want her to leave the house, but she ignores him and jumps into Abby's car. As they drive, a distraught Gretchen reveals that ever since "he" (whose name she does not disclose) attacked her at the abandoned shack, "he" has been visiting and watching her every night. She swears Abby to secrecy about this. Abby, assuming that Gretchen was raped, tries to alert both Gretchen's parents and the school headmistress, but they all rebuff her. When Abby suggests to Glee that Wallace raped Gretchen, Margaret accuses Abby of jealousy, while Gretchen scolds her for telling people about her situation. Consequently, Abby is shunned by the other girls.


title: My Best Friend's Exorcism (film)

text: The school hosts a carnival, where Gretchen humiliates Abby by dunking her in a dunk tank and revealing that she fantasizes about one of their teachers. Abby storms off and Gretchen follows her, attempting to laugh it off, but Abby angrily ends their friendship. The demon possessing Gretchen drives her to self-harm, and later that night, it further torments her. The following day, however, Gretchen walks into class as a completely new person and resumes taunting Abby.


title: My Best Friend's Exorcism (film)

text: Gretchen proceeds to terrorize Margaret and Glee by exploiting their insecurities. Knowing that Margaret is self-conscious about her weight, Gretchen gives her a diet shake that supposedly inhibits appetite. Margaret gradually becomes ill, until an enormous tapeworm eventually crawls out of her mouth. After manipulating Glee into coming out as a lesbian, Gretchen feeds her a nut-filled brownie, deliberately causing a severe allergic reaction. Margaret and Glee are both hospitalized.


title: My Best Friend's Exorcism (film)

text: Determined to save her friend, Abby turns to Christian, who confirms Gretchen is possessed and reluctantly agrees to help perform an exorcism. Abby and Christian kidnap Gretchen and tie her to a bed at Margaret's lake house. As Christian sprinkles salt and holy water on Gretchen, Abby says she learned that the demon's name is Andras. The process appears to work until Andras takes the form of Christian's deceased mother. Terrified, Christian abandons Abby halfway through the exorcism.


title: My Best Friend's Exorcism (film)

text: Gretchen escapes her bonds and attacks Abby, but Abby stabs Gretchen with a fire poker, before Gretchen flees to the abandoned shack where she was possessed. Abby follows, reciting special moments they have shared in order to compel Andras. Gretchen finally vomits out Andras, who emerges as a small skeletal creature and attempts to repossess her. Using an old bottle of liquor and a lighter, Abby sets Andras on fire. Abby and Gretchen embrace.


title: My Best Friend's Exorcism (film)

text: As Gretchen and her family prepare to move, she and Abby say their goodbyes. While they are unsure if Andras is truly gone, they promise to stay in touch and reaffirm their sisterly love for one another.


title: My Best Friend's Exorcism (film)

text: In November 2018, it was announced that Endeavor Content had acquired the film adaptation rights for Hendrix's book. Christopher Landon and Ellen Goldsmith-Vein were announced as producers. Damon Thomas was announced as director. In April 2021, Elsie Fisher, Amiah Miller, Rachel Ogechi Kanu, and Cathy Ang were cast of the film.


title: Mexican Gothic

text: Mexican Gothic is a 2020 gothic horror novel by Mexican Canadian author Silvia Moreno-Garcia. It centers on a young woman investigating her cousin's claims that her husband is trying to murder her.


title: Mexican Gothic

text: The novel landed on multiple bestseller lists and Moreno-Garcia's writing has received comparisons to Daphne du Maurier and Guillermo del Toro.


title: Mexican Gothic

text: In 1950s Mexico City, beautiful young socialite Noemí Taboada receives a letter from her cousin Catalina, begging for help. She firmly believes that her English husband, Virgil Doyle, intends to poison her. Suspecting that Virgil may be after Catalina's money, Noemí's father, Leocadio, sends her to the Doyle home, High Place, which is located in the mountains outside of a small town named El Triunfo. Once there, Noemí is struck by the strange and unwelcoming atmosphere of the Doyles' house and the controlling and patronising attitude of its inhabitants. Catalina is proclaimed to be suffering from consumption and Noemí is mostly kept away from her cousin. During an infrequent visit Catalina begs her to seek out a healer living in the small village near the mansion named Marta Duval and pick up medicine that could save her. Noemí does so, but the medicine instead causes a seizure that keeps her from freely visiting Catalina as frequently.


title: Mexican Gothic

text: As a result of the drastically decreased visits Noemí spends her time learning about the Doyle family, which also includes Florence Doyle and the frail family patriarch, Howard. The family has a history of incestuous marriages and deep intergenerational traumas, such as one of Howard's daughters, Ruth, killing several family members before shooting herself. Despite being mistreated by Florence and receiving unwanted attention from both Virgil and Howard, Noemi grows closer to one of the Doyles, Francis, who confirms her growing suspicion that the family cannot be trusted.


title: Mexican Gothic

text: When she begins to sleepwalk and experience strange dreams and visions, Noemí decides that she must leave the Doyle household, only to be told that she cannot leave. They reveal that Howard discovered a strain of mushroom that has a symbiotic relationship with humans. The Doyles use this fungus and remain at High Place, the house infused with the spores of the mushrooms, which has grown inside its walls and all around it, in order to heal themselves and prolong their lives. Noemí learns that Howard is hundreds of years old, and the history of his immortality is firmly footed in violent histories of colonialism, working class exploitation, and misogynist patriarchy.


title: Mexican Gothic

text: As the fungus's potency is lessened depending on the individual's genetics, the Doyles have intermarried in order to ensure that their offspring can also receive these benefits. Because it is interlaced with mycelium and infested with the mushroom's spores, the house can hold memories, which the family refers to as the "gloom". The spores can also help the Doyles control people who have inhaled them, which frightens Noemí. She grows more horrified, however, when she learns that Howard's wife Agnes was used as a sacrifice to grow the spores - and that Howard can use the gloom to take over the bodies of family members, which he's used to further preserve his own life.


title: Mexican Gothic

text: The Doyles have found that Noemí's genetics are complementary to theirs and can help perpetuate their bloodline, as the inbreeding has taken its toll on the family, particularly when it comes to producing viable offspring. Howard tells her that she will marry Francis. What he doesn't tell her, however, is that after the wedding he will inhabit Francis's body. They also wish to have access to her money, as the family has become impoverished and no longer runs a successful silver mine as they once did in the town. Refusing to allow his family to carry out their plans, Francis obtains the medicine Catalina sought out earlier in the novel, as it interferes with the mushroom's abilities. Together the three flee the house and manage to set Agnes's body on fire, presumably killing the rest of the Doyles in the process and setting the entire home on fire. Francis, who was bonded to the mycelium through exposure and heredity, is physically affected by the destruction of the fungus. He fully recovers but worries that the fire wasn't enough to eliminate the spores and that he should kill himself to ensure that the family curse is truly ended. Noemí shares his concerns, but assures him that together they can overcome any potential issues.


title: Mexican Gothic

text: "Mexican Gothic" was released in hardback and e-book formats in the United States and Canada through Del Rey Books, as well as in the United Kingdom through Jo Fletcher Books, on June 30, 2020. An audiobook adaptation narrated by Frankie Corzo was released on the same day through Random House Audio. Moreno-Garcia has also released a book club tie-in that includes a paper doll accompanied by four outfits modeled after the novel's protagonist, Noemí Taboada.


title: Mexican Gothic

text: Sales for the novel were high enough for "Mexican Gothic" to place on the hardback bestseller lists for the "Washington Post" and "New York Times".


title: Mexican Gothic

text: In August 2020 Milojo Productions and ABC Signature announced that they were producing a limited series adaptation of "Mexican Gothic", to be released on the streaming platform Hulu. Moreno-Garcia will serve as executive producer. In an interview with "Entertainment Weekly", the author stated that the series is estimated to be "between 8 and 10 episodes max".


title: Mexican Gothic

text: "Mexican Gothic" has received praise for its atmosphere and gothic concepts, which "Slate" likened to the styles of Daphne du Maurier and Guillermo del Toro. NPR drew comparisons between the book and ""Jane Eyre", Ann Radcliffe's "The Mysteries of Udolpho", "Dracula", "Rebecca" and that 1958 classic sci-fi movie, "The Blob"," also praising its sense of dread. "The New York Times" drew similar comparisons, citing "Mexican Gothic"'s "spunky female protagonist and an ancient house filled with disturbing secrets". The book won the British Fantasy Society's 2021 August Derleth Award for Best Horror Novel.


title: Mexican Gothic

text: Awards are presented the year after the novel was published. The eligibility criteria for the following awards was that the novels nominated must release and publish in 2020.


title: Al Sapienza

text: Al Sapienza is an American actor who has had numerous roles in television, stage and film productions. He is best known for his role as Mikey Palmice on the HBO series "The Sopranos" as well as for his role as Marty Spinella, a lobbyist for the teachers' union in the Netflix series "House of Cards". He played the role of Jake Housman in the North American premiere of the stage version of "Dirty Dancing".


title: Pascale Hutton

text: Pascale Hutton (born June 14, 1979) is a Canadian actress. She was born in Creston, British Columbia. Hutton attended the conservatory acting program at the University of Alberta in Edmonton.


title: Racket (programming language)

text: Racket is a general-purpose, multi-paradigm programming language and a multi-platform distribution that includes the Racket language, compiler, large standard library, IDE, development tools, and a set of additional languages including Typed Racket (a sister language of Racket with a static type-checker), Swindle, FrTime, Lazy Racket, R5RS & R6RS Scheme, Scribble, Datalog, Racklog, Algol 60 and several teaching languages.


title: Racket (programming language)

text: The Racket language is a modern dialect of Lisp and a descendant of Scheme. It is designed as a platform for programming language design and implementation. In addition to the core Racket language, "Racket" is also used to refer to the family of programming languages and set of tools supporting development on and with Racket. Racket is also used for scripting, computer science education, and research.


title: Racket (programming language)

text: The Racket platform provides an implementation of the Racket language (including a runtime system, libraries, and compiler supporting several compilation modes: machine code, machine-independent, interpreted, and JIT) along with the DrRacket integrated development environment (IDE) written in Racket. Racket is used by the ProgramByDesign outreach program, which aims to turn computer science into "an indispensable part of the liberal arts curriculum".


title: Racket (programming language)

text: The core Racket language is known for its extensive macro system which enables creating embedded and domain-specific languages, language constructs such as classes or modules, and separate dialects of Racket with different semantics.


title: Racket (programming language)

text: The platform distribution is free and open-source software distributed under the Apache 2.0 and MIT licenses. Extensions and packages written by the community may be uploaded to Racket's package catalog.


title: Racket (programming language)

text: Matthias Felleisen founded PLT Inc. in the mid 1990s, first as a research group, soon after as a project dedicated to producing pedagogic materials for novice programmers (lectures, exercises/projects, software). In January 1995, the group decided to develop a pedagogic programming environment based on Scheme. Matthew Flatt cobbled together MrEd, the original virtual machine for Racket, from libscheme, wxWidgets, and a few other free systems. In the years that followed, a team including Flatt, Robby Findler, Shriram Krishnamurthi, Cormac Flanagan, and many others produced DrScheme, a programming environment for novice Scheme programmers and a research environment for soft typing. The main development language that DrScheme supported was named PLT Scheme.


title: Racket (programming language)

text: In parallel, the team began conducting workshops for high school teachers, training them in program design and functional programming. Field tests with these teachers and their students provided essential clues for directing the development.


title: Racket (programming language)

text: Over the following years, PLT added teaching languages, an algebraic stepper, a transparent read–eval–print loop, a constructor-based printer, and many other innovations to DrScheme, producing an application-quality pedagogic program development environment. By 2001, the core team (Felleisen, Findler, Flatt, Krishnamurthi) had also written and published their first textbook, "How to Design Programs", based on their teaching philosophy.


title: Racket (programming language)

text: "The Racket Manifesto" details the principles driving the development of Racket, presents the evaluation framework behind the design process, and details opportunities for future improvements.


title: Racket (programming language)

text: The first generation of PLT Scheme revisions introduced features for programming in the large with both modules and classes. Version 42 introduced units – a first-class module system – to complement classes for large scale development. The class system gained features (e.g. Java-style interfaces) and also lost several features (e.g. multiple inheritance) throughout these versions. The language evolved throughout a number of successive versions, and gaining milestone popularity in Version 53, leading to extensive work and the following Version 100, which would be equivalent to a "1.0" release in current popular version systems.


title: Racket (programming language)

text: The next major revision was named Version 200, which introduced a new default module system that cooperates with macros. In particular, the module system ensures that run-time and compile-time computation are separated to support a "tower of languages". Unlike units, these modules are not first-class objects.


title: Racket (programming language)

text: Version 300 introduced Unicode support, foreign library support, and refinements to the class system. Later on, the 300 series improved the performance of the language runtime with an addition of a JIT compiler and a switch to a default generational garbage collection.


title: Racket (programming language)

text: By the next major release, the project had switched to a more conventional sequence-based version numbering. Version 4.0 introduced the codice_1 shorthand to specify the language that a module is written in. Further, the revision introduced immutable pairs and lists, support for fine-grained parallelism, and a statically-typed dialect.


title: Racket (programming language)

text: On 7 June 2010, PLT Scheme was renamed Racket. The renaming coincided with the release of Version 5.0. Subsequently, the graphical user interface (GUI) backend was rewritten in Racket from C++ in Version 5.1 using native UI toolkits on all platforms. Version 5.2 included a background syntax checking tool, a new plotting library, a database library, and a new extended REPL. Version 5.3 included a new submodule feature for optionally loaded modules, new optimization tools, a JSON library, and other features. Version 5.3.1 introduced major improvements to DrRacket: the background syntax checker was turned on by default and a new documentation preview tool was added.


title: Racket (programming language)

text: In version 6.0, Racket released its second-generation package management system. As part of this development, the principal DrRacket and Racket repository was reorganized and split into a large set of small packages, making it possible to install a "minimal racket" and to install only those packages needed.


title: Racket (programming language)

text: Version 7 of Racket was released with a new macro expander written in Racket as part the preparations for supporting moving to the Chez Scheme runtime system and supporting multiple runtime systems.


title: Racket (programming language)

text: On 2021 February 13, Racket 8.0 was released. Racket 8.0 marks the first release where Racket with the Chez Scheme runtime system, known as Racket CS, is the default implementation. Racket CS is faster, easier to maintain and develop, backward-compatible with existing Racket programs, and has better parallel garbage collection.


title: Racket (programming language)

text: Racket's core language includes macros, modules, lexical closures, tail calls, delimited continuations, parameters (fluid variables), software contracts, green threads and OS threads, and more. The language also comes with primitives, such as eventspaces and custodians, which control resource management and enables the language to act like an operating system for loading and managing other programs. Further extensions to the language are created with the powerful macro system, which together with the module system and custom parsers can control all aspects of a language. Most language constructs in Racket are implemented as macros in the base language. These include a mixin class system, a component (or module) system as expressive as opaque ascription in the ML module system, and pattern matching.


title: Racket (programming language)

text: Racket's contract system is inspired by the Design by Contract work for Eiffel and extends it to work for higher-order values such as first-class functions, objects, reference cells, and so on. For example, an object that is checked by a contract can be ensured to make contract checks when its methods are eventually invoked.


title: Racket (programming language)

text: Racket includes both bytecode and JIT (JIT) compilers. The bytecode compiler produces an internal bytecode format run by the Racket virtual machine, and the JIT compiler translates bytecode to machine code at runtime.


title: Racket (programming language)

text: Since 2004, the language has also shipped with PLaneT, a package manager that is integrated into the module system so that third-party libraries can be transparently imported and used. Also, PLaneT has a built-in versioning policy to prevent dependency hell.


title: Racket (programming language)

text: At the end of 2014, much of Racket's code was moved into a new packaging system separate from the main code base. This new packaging system is serviced by a client program named "raco". The new package system provides fewer features than PLaneT; a blog post by Jay McCarthy on the Racket blog explains the rationale for the change and how to duplicate the older system.


title: Racket (programming language)

text: The features that most clearly distinguish Racket from other languages in the Lisp family are its integrated language extensibility features that support building new domain-specific and general-purpose languages. Racket's extensibility features are built into the module system to allow context-sensitive and module-level control over syntax. For example, the codice_2 syntactic form can be overridden to change the semantics of function application. Similarly, the codice_3 form allows arbitrary static analysis of the entire module. Since any module can be used as a language, via the codice_1 notation, this effectively means that virtually any aspect of the language can be programmed and controlled.


title: Racket (programming language)

text: The module-level extensibility features are combined with a Scheme-like hygienic macro system, which provides more features than Lisp's s-expression manipulation system, Scheme 84's hygienic extend-syntax macros, or R5RS's syntax-rules. Indeed, it is fair to say that the macro system is a carefully tuned application programming interface (API) for compiler extensions. Using this compiler API, programmers can add features and entire domain-specific languages in a manner that makes them completely indistinguishable from built-in language constructs.


title: Racket (programming language)

text: The "macro" system in Racket has been used to construct entire language dialects. This includes Typed Racket, which is a gradually typed dialect of Racket that eases the migration from untyped to typed code, Lazy Racket—a dialect with lazy evaluation, and Hackett, which combines Haskell and Racket. The pedagogical programming language Pyret was originally implemented in Racket.<ref name="Index of / 2017"></ref>


title: Racket (programming language)

text: Other dialects include FrTime (functional reactive programming), Scribble (documentation language), Slideshow (presentation language), and several languages for education.


title: Racket (programming language)

text: Racket's core distribution provides libraries to aid the development of programming languages. Such languages are not restricted to s-expression based syntax. In addition to conventional readtable-based syntax extensions, the directive codice_1 enables the invocation of arbitrary parsers, which can be implemented using the parser tools library. See Racket logic programming for an example of such a language.


title: Racket (programming language)

text: The language platform provides a self-hosted IDE named DrRacket, a continuation-based web server, a graphical user interface, and other tools. As a viable scripting tool with libraries like common scripting languages, it can be used for scripting the Unix shell. It can parse command line arguments and execute external tools.


title: Racket (programming language)

text: DrRacket (formerly DrScheme) is widely used among introductory computer science courses that teach Scheme or Racket and is lauded for its simplicity and appeal to beginner programmers. The IDE was originally built for use with the TeachScheme! project (now ProgramByDesign), an outreach effort by Northeastern University and a number of affiliated universities for attracting high school students to computer science courses at the college level.


title: Racket (programming language)

text: The editor provides highlighting for syntax and run-time errors, parenthesis matching, a debugger and an algebraic stepper. Its student-friendly features include support for multiple "language levels" (Beginning Student, Intermediate Student and so on). It also has integrated library support, and sophisticated analysis tools for advanced programmers. Further, module-oriented programming is supported with the module browser, a contour view, integrated testing and coverage measurements, and refactoring support. It provides integrated, context-sensitive access to an extensive hyper-linked help system named "Help Desk".


title: Racket (programming language)

text: DrRacket is available for Windows, macOS, Unix, and Linux with the X Window System and programs behave similarly on all these platforms.


title: Racket (programming language)

text: Using the codice_1 directive, a source file can be written in different dialects of Racket. Here is an example of the factorial program in Typed Racket, a statically typed dialect of Racket:


title: Racket (programming language)

text: Apart from having a basis in programming language theory, Racket was designed as a general-purpose language for production systems. Thus, the Racket distribution features an extensive library that covers systems and network programming, web development, a uniform interface to the underlying operating system, a dynamic foreign function interface, several flavours of regular expressions, lexer/parser generators, logic programming, and a complete GUI framework.


title: Racket (programming language)

text: Racket has several features useful for a commercial language, among them an ability to compile standalone executables under Windows, macOS, and Unix, a profiler and debugger included in the integrated development environment (IDE), and a unit testing framework.


title: Racket (programming language)

text: Racket has been used for commercial projects and web applications. A notable example is the Hacker News website, which runs on Arc, which is developed in Racket. Naughty Dog has used it as a scripting language in several of their video games.


title: Daniëlle van de Donk

text: Daniëlle van de Donk (; born 5 August 1991) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for French Division 1 Féminine club Olympique Lyonnais and the Netherlands national team. She helped her national team to win the UEFA Women's Euro 2017 and finish second at the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup.


title: Daniëlle van de Donk

text: Born in Valkenswaard, Netherlands, Van de Donk grew up playing football with boys. Her uncle noted, "If she started training at FC Eindhoven, she was laughed at by the boys. When she had played 3 balls, they were all silent." She started playing for at the age of 4 and later moved to VV UNA.


title: Daniëlle van de Donk

text: At age 17, Van de Donk first played as a professional football for Dutch Eredivisie club, Willem II. She featured for the Tricolores for the next four seasons, playing in 47 competitive league matches and scoring five goals. During her first season in 2008, she played eighteen of the 24 matches and scored one goal. In her second season, she suffered an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, which kept her off the field for several months. She made seven appearances for Willem II during the 2009–10 season and the club finished in third place with a record. During the 2010–11 season, she scored four goals in 21 matches playing as a starting midfielder.


title: Daniëlle van de Donk

text: Van de Donk signed with VVV-Venlo ahead of the 2011–12 season. She played 18 regular season games, scoring 8 goals as a starter for the club. During a match against Heerenveen, Van de Donk scored a brace lifting her team to a 2–1 win. During a match against PEC Zwolle, she scored the game-winning goal in the 83rd minute to lift VVV to a 5–4 win. During another match against Heerenveen, Van de Donk scored a second brace helping VVV win 3–1. VVV finished in fifth place with a record. She also helped VVV reach the final of the KNVB Women's Cup in 2012.


title: Daniëlle van de Donk

text: Van de Donk then left Venlo for PSV/FC Eindhoven ahead of Eindhoven's participation in the inaugural season of the Dutch & Belgian BeNe League. With Eindhoven, Van de Donk reached the final of the KNVB Cup of 2014, where she eventually earned a runners-up medal. She racked up an outstanding 30 goals in 53 appearances for the club.


title: Daniëlle van de Donk

text: In June 2015, Van de Donk was transferred to Swedish Damallsvenskan club Kopparbergs/Göteborg FC. Van de Donk made 13 appearances for the club, scoring 4 goals. During a match on 11 October, Van de Donk scored a brace —the team's only goals — in a 4–2 loss to KIF Örebro. Göteborg finished the 2016 season in sixth place with a record.


title: Daniëlle van de Donk

text: On 20 November 2015, Van de Donk signed with English club Arsenal of the FA Women's Super League (FA WSL). The move proved successful with her starting in the 2016 FA Cup final on 14 May 2016. Arsenal were eventually crowned champions, beating Chelsea 1–0 at the Wembley Stadium to earn their fourteenth FA Cup title.


title: Daniëlle van de Donk

text: On 7 October 2016, Van de Donk signed a new contract with Arsenal and was a starting midfielder in 14 of the 15 games she played. Van de Donk scored three goals helping lift Arsenal to a third place finish with a record. During the FA WSL Spring Series, she scored two goals in eight matches.


title: Daniëlle van de Donk

text: During the 2017–18 season, Van de Donk scored five goals in 18 matches. She scored a brace in the match against Bristol City on 20 May lifting Arsenal to a 6–1 win with the first and last goals of the match. Arsenal finished in third place with a record.


title: Daniëlle van de Donk

text: Van de Donk was instrumental in Arsenal's 2018–19 WSL championship season. She scored 23 combined goals and assists in all competitions. "Sports Illustrated" described her as "crucial to Arsenal's efforts in trying to recapture a first Women's Super League title since 2012." On 17 November, her double nutmeg went viral on Twitter. Arsenal finished in third place with a record.


title: Daniëlle van de Donk

text: Marking her fifth year with the club, Van de Donk signed a new long-term contract with Arsenal in March 2019. Of the signing, Arsenal manager Joe Montemurro said, "She brings a world class attitude and quality that are vital to our team." During the 2019–20 season, she scored five goals in 15 matches. The FA suspended the season because of the COVID-19 pandemic, deciding the competition based on points per game. Arsenal finished in third place with a record and played in the 2019–20 FA WSL Cup, where they eventually lost 2–1 to Chelsea during the 2020 FA Women's League Cup Final.


title: Daniëlle van de Donk

text: In October 2020, she was named WSL Player of the Week after her performance in a 5–0 win against Brighton & Hove Albion. Van de Donk scored Arsenal's second goal and had over 60 touches on the ball.


title: Daniëlle van de Donk

text: In June 2021, Olympique Lyonnais announced they had signed Van de Donk to a two-year contract. On 5 September 2021, she made her league debut for Lyon against Saint-Étienne.


title: Daniëlle van de Donk

text: At the age of 19, Van de Donk made her debut for the Netherlands national team in a match against Mexico on 15 December 2010 at the 2010 City of São Paulo Tournament. She scored her first official international goal in the 2013 European Championship qualifiers against Serbia.


title: Daniëlle van de Donk

text: In June 2013, Dutch national team coach Roger Reijners selected Van de Donk for the Netherlands squad for UEFA Women's Euro 2013 in Sweden. The Netherlands squad lost all three of their group stage matches and did not advance at the tournament.


title: Daniëlle van de Donk

text: Van de Donk competed at the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup in Canada under the direction of Reijners. After finishing third in Group A and placing second in the ranking of third place teams, the Netherlands advanced to the knockout round where they faced 2011 champions, Japan and lost 2–1.


title: Daniëlle van de Donk

text: On 14 June 2017, Van de Donk was selected as part of the Dutch squad for UEFA Women's Euro 2017 on home soil. She went on to play an integral part in the tournament. In the semi-finals, she scored against England in a 3–0 win for the Dutch. Van de Donk also played in the final against Denmark, where her creative presence helped the Netherlands come away with a victory. After the tournament, the team was honoured by the Prime Minister Mark Rutte and Minister of Sport Edith Schippers and made Knights of the Order of Orange-Nassau.


title: Daniëlle van de Donk

text: Van de Donk was selected to the final squad for the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup in France. Ahead of the tournament, ESPN named her to their top 25 player ranking. After winning all three of their group stage matches, the team finished at the top of their group and advanced to the knockout stage. During the Round of 16, the Dutch team faced 2011 champions, Japan, who had knocked them out of the 2015 World Cup. This time, the Netherlands won 2–1 and advanced to the quarterifinals. Of the match, "The Guardian" called Van de Donk "Holland's best player tonight." The Dutch team faced Italy in the quarterfinal and won 2–1 advancing to the semifinal for the first time in team history. Van de Donk played every minute of the semi-final against Sweden until the team scored a goal in the ninth minute of extra time and won the match 1–0, advancing to the final for the first time. The Netherlands faced 2015 champions the United States and lost 2–0. She also played in the Final. Following the loss, she noted: "The growth [of women’s football in the Netherlands] is ridiculous. If I look at women’s football and the hype, it’s amazing. I think that’s what I’m most proud of, that we got so much respect from the Netherlands."


title: Daniëlle van de Donk

text: On 8 October 2019, Van de Donk scored a goal in her 100th international appearance, a 2–0 win against Russia.


title: Margaritaville

text: "Margaritaville" is a 1977 song by American popular music singer-songwriter Jimmy Buffett from the album "Changes in Latitudes, Changes in Attitudes". This song was written about a drink Buffett discovered at Lung's Cocina del Sur restaurant (where High 5 is located today) at 2700 W. Anderson Lane in Austin, Texas, and the first huge surge of tourists who descended on Key West, Florida, around that time. He wrote most of the song one night at a friend's house in Austin, and finished it while spending time in Key West. In the United States "Margaritaville" reached number eight on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart, and went to number one on the Easy Listening chart, also peaking at No. 13 on the Hot Country Songs chart. "Billboard" ranked it number 14 on its 1977 Pop Singles year-end chart. It Buffett's highest charting solo single.


title: Margaritaville

text: Named for the cocktail margarita, with lyrics reflecting a laid-back lifestyle in a tropical climate, "Margaritaville" has come to define Buffett's music and career. The relative importance of the song to Buffett's career is referred to obliquely in a parenthetical plural in the title of a Buffett greatest hits compilation album, "Songs You Know By Heart: Jimmy Buffett's Greatest Hit(s)". The name has been used in the title of other Buffett compilation albums such as "" and is also the name of several commercial products licensed by Buffett (see below). The song also lent its name to the 2017 musical "Escape to Margaritaville", in which it is featured alongside other Buffett songs. Continued popular culture references to and covers of it throughout the years attest to the song's continuing popularity. The song was mentioned in Blake Shelton's 2004 single "Some Beach".


title: Margaritaville

text: "Margaritaville" has been inducted into the 2016 Grammy Hall of Fame for its cultural and historic significance. Buffett maintains a resort chain by the same name.


title: Margaritaville

text: The song is about a man spending an entire season at a beach resort community. The three verses describe his day-to-day activities. In the first verse, he passes his time playing guitar on his front porch and watching tourists sunbathe, all the while eating sponge cake and waiting for a pot of shrimp to boil. In the second verse, he has nothing to show for his time except a tattoo of a woman that he cannot remember getting. In the third and final verse, he blew out his flip-flop, stepped on a pop-top, cuts his heel, and cruises on back home to ease his pain with a fresh batch of margaritas. When the song was used during live performances, it was changed to "I broke my leg twice, I had to limp on back home".


title: Margaritaville

text: The three choruses reveal that the narrator is drowning his sorrows over a failed romance, and his friends are telling him that his former girlfriend is at fault. The last line of each shows his shifting attitude toward the situation: first "it's nobody's fault," then "hell, it could be my fault," and finally "it's my own damn fault."


title: Margaritaville

text: Buffett revealed during the recording of an episode of "CMT's Crossroads" with the Zac Brown Band that "Margaritaville" was actually supposed to be recorded by Elvis Presley, but Presley died before the song could be recorded.


title: Margaritaville

text: There is a "lost verse" to this song, as described by Buffett, which he often adds when performing in concert, which was reputedly edited out before recording the song in order to make the song more radio-friendly. The song was shortened even further for the single edit.


title: Margaritaville

text: There is some confusion as to whether Buffett sings ""Wasted" away" or ""Wastin"’ away" in the chorus of the song. The original unedited lyrics, that appear on the record sleeve to the "Changes in Latitudes, Changes in Attitudes" LP, read "Waistin'" <nowiki>[</nowiki>sic<nowiki>]</nowiki>. Also, most guitar tablature and sheet music read "Wastin'." Buffett has never made a statement on the issue. However, he has also been known to use "wasted" in some performances, as well as in the video game re-recording for "Rock Band".


title: Margaritaville

text: When "Margaritaville" was released to radio stations in 1977, the single edit ran for 3:20, cutting out the instrumental break, and the section during the third chorus and final refrain. So the song structure changed to "riff-verse-chorus-verse-chorus-verse-chorus-riff", and the track itself was sped up at half-step. The original recording in the key of D would be E-flat.


title: Margaritaville

text: In 1999, American country singer Alan Jackson covered the song on his album "Under the Influence". The cover featured Buffett singing along on the third and final verse; it also peaked at No. 63 after receiving play as an album cut.


title: Margaritaville

text: Jimmy Buffett also re-recorded this song as well as "Cheeseburger in Paradise" and "Volcano" specifically for "Rock Band" as downloadable content.


title: Margaritaville

text: In 1991, comedian Mark Eddie wrote a parody of the song titled "Marijuanaville". The song appeared on the album "Rock n' Roll Comedy Cuts Part II" (1998).