title: Muzzleloader

text: A muzzleloader is any firearm into which the projectile and the propellant charge is loaded from the muzzle of the gun (i.e., from the forward, open end of the gun's barrel). This is distinct from the modern (higher tech and harder to make) designs of breech-loading firearms. The term "muzzleloader" applies to both rifled and smoothbore type muzzleloaders, and may also refer to the marksman who specializes in the shooting of such firearms. The firing methods, paraphernalia and mechanism further divide both categories as do caliber (from cannons to small-caliber palm guns).


title: Muzzleloader

text: Modern muzzleloading firearms range from reproductions of sidelock, flintlock and percussion long guns, to in-line rifles that use modern inventions such as a closed breech, sealed primer and fast rifling to allow for considerable accuracy at long ranges.


title: Muzzleloader

text: Modern mortars use a shell with the propelling charge and primer attached at the base. Unlike older muzzleloading mortars, which were loaded the same way as muzzleloading cannon, the modern mortar is fired by dropping the shell down the barrel where a pin fires the primer, igniting the main propelling charge. Both the modern mortar and the older mortar were used for high angle fire. However, the fact that the mortar is not loaded in separate steps may make its definition as a muzzleloader a matter of opinion.


title: Muzzleloader

text: Muzzleloading can apply to anything from cannons to pistols but in modern parlance the term most commonly applies to black powder small arms. It usually, but not always, involves the use of a loose propellant (i.e., gunpowder) and projectile, as well as a separate method of ignition or priming.


title: Muzzleloader

text: In general, the sequence of loading is to put in first gunpowder, by pouring in a measured amount of loose powder, historically mostly by using a powder flask (or powder horn), or by inserting a pre-measured bag or paper packet of gunpowder (called a cartridge) or by inserting solid propellant pellets. The gunpowder used is typically black powder or black powder substitutes like Pyrodex. Sometimes two types of gunpowder (and two flasks) were used consisting of finer priming powder for the flash pan and coarser powder for the main charge behind the ball. This was particularly the case with earlier muzzleloaders like matchlocks but appear to have been less common with flintlocks and was irrelevant with percussion locks since they used percussion caps rather than priming powder.


title: Muzzleloader

text: Wadding is made from felt, paper, cloth or card and has several different uses. In shotguns, a card wad or other secure wadding is used between the powder and the shot charge to prevent pellets from dropping into the powder charge and on top of the shot charge to hold it in place in the barrel. In smooth bore muskets and most rifles used prior to cartridges being introduced in the mid-to late nineteenth century, wadding was used primarily to hold the powder in place.


title: Muzzleloader

text: On most naval cannons, one piece of wadding was used to hold the powder in place and served the purpose of creating a better seal around the shot. Another was used to act as a plug to stop the shot rolling out because of the swaying of the ship.


title: Muzzleloader

text: The use of cartridges with both gunpowder charge and ball, made up in batches by the shooter or a servant, was known from very early on, but until roughly around 1800 loading using a powder flask and a bag of balls was more common outside of the military. The measuring stage for the barrel charge of gunpowder could be avoided by carrying a number of pre-measured charges in small containers of wood, metal or cloth, often carried on a bandolier. These were known by various names, including "chargers" or "apostles" as 12 were often carried. For most of the time muzzleloaders were in use, a round ball and pre-measured powder charge could be carried in a paper or cloth wrapping. The shooter would bite off the end of the paper cartridge with his teeth and pour the powder into the barrel followed by the ball encased in the paper wrapping.


title: Muzzleloader

text: The projectiles and wads were then pushed down into the breech with a ramrod until they were firmly seated on the propellant charge. Priming powder could be carried in a separate priming flask and poured into the priming pan or a little powder from the cartridge was used, and the frizzen was pushed down to hold the priming powder in place. After the gunpowder and projectile or shot charge were placed in the barrel a ramrod was used to firmly pack everything down at the base of the barrel. Then either a priming charge was placed in the priming pan or a percussion cap was placed on the nipple, the firing mechanism initiated; the cock or hammer was then cocked to make the firearm ready to fire.


title: Muzzleloader

text: In some types of rifles firing round ball, a lubricated patch (see Kentucky rifle) of fabric is wrapped around a ball which is slightly smaller than the barrel diameter. In other types of round ball firing rifles, a ramrod and hammer is used to force the round ball down through the rifling. When fired, either the lead ball or the wrapping grips the rifling and imparts spin to the ball which usually gives improved accuracy. In rifles firing Minié balls, the patch, often the paper wrapping from the cartridge, is used as an initial seal and to hold powder in place during loading.


title: Muzzleloader

text: The Minié ball replaced the round ball in most firearms, especially military, in the 1840s and 1850s. It has a hollow base which expands to grip the rifling. The combination of the spinning Minié ball and the consistent velocity provided by the improved seal gave far better accuracy than the smoothbore muzzleloaders that it replaced.


title: Muzzleloader

text: When aiming for great accuracy, muzzle-loaders are usually cleaned ("swabbed") before reloading, so that there is no residue left in the barrel to reduce accuracy, though in competitions run by the international governing body, the MLAIC, this is prohibited for military rifle and musket events. However, in small arms muzzleloading rifles, swabbing is only done after every 5-10 shots. Large caliber muzzle-loaders such as cannons are always swabbed between shots to prevent accidents caused by live sparks igniting the fresh charge of powder as it is being loaded.


title: Muzzleloader

text: Muzzleloading is the sport or pastime of firing muzzleloading guns. Muzzleloading guns, both antique and reproduction, are used for target shooting, hunting, historical re-enactment and historical research. The sport originated in the United States in the 1930s, just as the last original users and makers of muzzleloading arms were dying out. The sport received a tremendous boost in the 1960s and 1970s. The Muzzle Loaders Associations International Committee (www.MLAIC.org) was formed in 1970 and held its first World Championship in 1971. Since then a flourishing industry manufacturing working reproductions of historic firearms now exists in the United States and Europe, particularly in northern Italy, for example at Gardone Val Trompia, in the Province of Brescia. In the United States muzzleloading guns are, subject to a number of qualifications, generally not considered firearms. Subject to state law they may be possessed by persons who might otherwise not be legally allowed to own a firearm.


title: Muzzleloader

text: The American National Muzzle Loading Rifle Association holds two national tournaments a year in Friendship, Indiana as well as the Western National Shoot Event held in Phoenix, Arizona.


title: Muzzleloader

text: The Muzzle Loaders Associations International Committee (MLAIC) governs international competition with muzzle-loading arms. The MLAIC holds a Short Range World Championship in even-numbered years and a Long Range World Championship (300 to 1000 yards) on odd numbered years (South Africa has won the last 5 Long Range World Championships).


title: Muzzleloader

text: Driven by demand for muzzleloaders for special extended primitive hunting seasons, firearms manufacturers have developed in-line muzzleloading rifles with designs similar to modern breech-loading centerfire designs. Knight Rifles pioneered the in-line muzzleloader in the mid-1980s, manufacturing and selling them to this day. Savage Arms has created the 10ML-II, which can be used with smokeless powder, reducing the cleaning required. However, Savage has discontinued the production of smokeless muzzleloaders and no company has yet to pick up production of a new smokeless muzzleloader. There are several custom gun makers that are currently building smokeless muzzleloaders on new or donor bolt actions.


title: Ukrainian Naval Infantry

text: The Ukrainian Naval Infantry Corps (), also known as the Ukrainian Marines, is part of coastal defense troops of the Ukrainian Navy. It is used as a component part of amphibious, airborne and amphibious-airborne operations, alone or in coordination with formations and units of the Army in order to capture parts of the seashore, islands, ports, fleet bases, coast airfields and other coast objects from the enemy. It can also be used to defend naval bases, vital shoreline areas, separate islands and coast objects, and security of hostile areas.


title: Ukrainian Naval Infantry

text: The Marine Corps is descended from the formations of the Black Sea Fleet Naval Infantry of the former Imperial Russian Navy.


title: Ukrainian Naval Infantry

text: Former Russian Imperial army general Pavlo Skoropadskyi understood the importance of naval infantry in providing security to the country. Being the commander-in-chief of land and naval forces, Skoropadskyi brought attention to creating the naval infantry during his first month in power. On May 23, 1918, he ordered the Department of Navy to "Begin forming a Brigade of naval infantry consisting of three regiments".


title: Ukrainian Naval Infantry

text: The mission of the Naval Infantry was protecting coastal areas, serving as a garrison force for forts and conducting landing operations. According to the order the Brigade was divided into three regiments. First regiment was responsible for the areas between the western border until the village of Suchavka, near Odesa. Second regiment was responsible for territory between Suchavka and Stanislavov. Third regiment protected the areas from Stanislavov until Perekop. Brigade was also put in charge of guarding the property of the Navy Department.


title: Ukrainian Naval Infantry

text: Each of the three regiments consisted of three kurins. Each kurin consisted of three Sotnia and a machine gun unit. Commandant of the first regiment was Ilarion Isaievych.


title: Ukrainian Naval Infantry

text: On August 31, 1918, each unit was given the permanent headquarters. First regiment's HQ was located in Odesa, second's HQ in Mykolaiv and third's HQ in Kherson. Also at this time 3 squadrons of cavalry were formed. First was stationed in Odesa, second in Ochakiv and third in Perekop.


title: Ukrainian Naval Infantry

text: In October 1918 new recruits born in 1899, would have joined the ranks of the naval infantry, however due to the political situation of that autumn the recruits had to wait until a better time.


title: Ukrainian Naval Infantry

text: Not long after, Pavlo Skoropadskyi was removed from power in an uprising led by Symon Petliura. The Naval Infantry continued to faithfully serve their nation under the banner of the Ukrainian People's Republic. Many of them have died for freedom and independence.


title: Ukrainian Naval Infantry

text: On February 22, 1993, the 880th Separate Naval Infantry Battalion of the Black Sea Fleet commanded by Major Vitaliy Rozhmanov pledged their allegiance to Ukraine.


title: Ukrainian Naval Infantry

text: After the Navy was created on July 1, 1993, as a separate service branch of the Armed Forces, the first battalion of the Naval Infantry was formed in the city of Sevastopol. The first naval infantrymen were transferred from the airmobile units. On September 1, 1993, the 41st Separate Naval Infantry Battalion was formed. By September 20, 1994, the 4th Naval Infantry Brigade was stationed in the Tylove village of Crimea.


title: Ukrainian Naval Infantry

text: From May 1996 until 1998, the Brigade was a part of the Ukrainian National Guard. In 1998, it was transferred to the Navy and re-designated the 1st Separate Naval Infantry Brigade. In 1999, the Brigade consisted of two battalions numbering 1,500 marines.


title: Ukrainian Naval Infantry

text: During 2003–04, the Ukrainian armed forces underwent a program to reduce the number of brigades, and the Naval Infantry Brigade was reduced to a Battalion.


title: Ukrainian Naval Infantry

text: The command of the Naval Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine made a decision to form a new Naval Infantry battalion by force of a mechanised battalion located in Kerch. In December 2013 the militaries of the new 501st Separate Naval Infantry Battalion have taken the Naval Infantry Oath.


title: Ukrainian Naval Infantry

text: The 1st Separate Naval Infantry Battalion was under the jurisdiction of the , and it was stationed in Feodosiya and there was also another one battalion (501st Bn.) which was stationed in Kerch; both were in the Crimea until late March 2014. After the Russian annexation of the Crimea the battalions were deployed to another location out of the peninsula. After the annexation of Crimea Ukraine's marine forces composed of only about 200 active duty personnel.


title: Ukrainian Naval Infantry

text: Special reconnaissance units of the Marine Corps were deployed against insurgents during the 2014 War in Donbas. Oleksandr Zinchenko of the 73rd Spetsnaz Detachment was the first Ukrainian Marine killed during the War in Donbas. The Ukrainian Marine Corps was particularly hard hit by the Crimea Crisis as all of their forces except for the 73rd Spetsnaz Detachment were stationed on the peninsula, due to this the unit had to undergo extensive reorganization before being able to be deployed to the war in the Donbas.


title: Ukrainian Naval Infantry

text: In September 2014 the Ministry of Defense announced that the Marine Corps were reforming from the Crimea Crisis and the remaining members of the 1st Marine Battalion which was stationed in Feodosya would take an active part in the War in Donbas. On 29 October 2014 Ukraine's Marine Corps conventional forces, recently recovered from the Crimea Crisis suffered their first casualty near Mariupol, the Marine was a Major and was killed when his unit's position came under Russian artillery fire.


title: Ukrainian Naval Infantry

text: On 8 November 2014 Ukrainian marines returned to their permanent place of deployment in Mykolaiv as part of a regular rotation of Ukrainian forces during the War in Donbas.


title: Ukrainian Naval Infantry

text: On 23 May 2018, the NI celebrated the first Marine Corps Birthday celebrations, the holiday being officially sanctioned by President Petro Poroshenko as part of a nationalization of the former Soviet holidays, replacing those with the ones celebrating Ukrainian military history. The holiday marked the formation of the first marine units in May 1918, during the Ukrainian War of Independence. New colours were awarded incorporating the speciality badge awarded to the unit in 2007. The NI was transformed into the Fleet Marine Division with 2 brigades and an independent brigade of marine artillery. The former black berets were changed to light green following the practice of the British Royal Marines and the Italian Army Lagunari.


title: Ukrainian Naval Infantry

text: The new colours include the blue cross from the naval ensign as an acknowledgement of its role as a constituent service of the Navy. Plans are underway for the formation of a 3rd Marine brigade, bringing the total number of brigades to four plus one MRL regiment, with an option for a fourth brigade.


title: Ukrainian Naval Infantry

text: If the expansion continues it can be possible that the Naval Infantry Corps will be elevated to a full Corps-sized formation within the Navy, becoming the largest ever marine unit in Eastern Europe outside of Russia and with possible accession to NATO, the largest marine component within its European member armed forces.


title: Ukrainian Naval Infantry

text: The ideal goal in the reform of the Naval Infantry Corps is to form a unit which would be similar to the units sent to Iraq. It is planned that there will be no more conscripts in the Naval Infantry, only professional naval infantrymen under contract service.


title: Ukrainian Naval Infantry

text: On 12 April 2022, videos have emerged of fighters apparently from the 36th Separate Marine Brigade vowing not to surrender their positions, saying "We are holding on to every bit of the city wherever possible," and "But the reality is the city is encircled and blocked and there was no re-supply of ammunition or food,". The next day, Russian Defence Ministry as well as the Chechen leader Ramzan Kadyrov announced 1,026 Ukrainian Marines, including 162 officers, of the 36th Separate Marine Brigade laid down their weapons and surrendered in Mariupol. Ukrainian Defence Ministry spokesperson Oleksandr Motuzyanyk said he had no information about the claim, and there was no immediate comment from the Ukrainian President's office nor the Ukrainian general staff. A top advisor to Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelensky has said another Marine unit that was encircled in the middle of Mariupol had broken through to connect with the Azov Regiment and that Mariupol is still standing. By 16 April, the Marines and Azov had entrenched themselves in the Azovstal iron and steel works, the last Ukrainian bastion in Mariupol. By May 17, most Azovstal defenders surrendered.


title: Ukrainian Naval Infantry

text: On June, tribunals of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) condmned three members of the Ukrainian Marines in Mariupol to death: Aiden Aslin, Shaun Pinner and Brahim Saadoun. The three of them were foreign volunteers and were accused by the DPR of mercenarism, which has been disputed as the three of them were sworn members of the Ukrainian Navy, making them active-duty soldiers who should be protected by the Geneva conventions on prisoners of war.


title: Ukrainian Naval Infantry

text: It was announced June 10, 2019 that the 56th Motorized Brigade may be transferred to the Ukrainian Naval Infantry. It is not known if the 56th Brigade would be redesignated as either the 37th or 40th Naval Infantry Brigades or if it will retain its current designation as 56th Brigade.


title: Ukrainian Naval Infantry

text: The tank and artillery battalions are organized similarly but with one to 4 tank companies or artillery batteries.


title: Ukrainian Naval Infantry

text: The 7th Marine Anti-Air Defense Missile Artillery Battalion and the two brigade air defense battalions are equipped with:


title: Pooja Gandhi

text: Pooja Gandhi (born Sanjana Gandhi in 1983) is an Indian actress, who mainly works in Kannada, Hindi and Tamil films. Pooja Gandhi after starring in the commercially successful 2006 film "Mungaru Male", became one of the most popular and highest paid actresses in Kannada cinema and also the recipient of several awards, including an honorary Doctorate. Gandhi is popularly referred as "Male Hudugi" (Rain Girl) in the media and Kannada film industry. Gandhi has acted in over five languages and 50 films in a decade. The "Banglore Times" placed her in the list of "25 Most Desirable Women of 2012".


title: Pooja Gandhi

text: Gandhi made her acting debut in 2001 with the Hindi film "Khatron Ke Khiladi" opposite Raj Babbar. Since then, she has played lead roles in commercially successful films such as "Mungaru Male" (2006), "Milana" (2007), "Krishna" (2007), "Taj Mahal" (2008), "Budhivanta" (2008), "Anu" (2009), "Gokula" (2009), "Dandupalya" (2012), "Dandupalya 2" (2017) and "Dandupalya 3" (2018). Following the success of a series of films, she established herself as one of the leading actresses of Kannada cinema.


title: Pooja Gandhi

text: In 2016, Gandhi received an honorary doctorate award by the Governing Council of Confederation of International Accreditation Commission - CIAC in affiliation with KEISIE International University - South Korea, for her contribution to Kannada film industry.


title: Pooja Gandhi

text: She joined the Janata Dal (Secular) party in 2012 by taking the membership of the party. She soon hopped onto KJP party and later to the BSR Congress party and contested the Karnataka assembly elections from Raichur constituency. However, she was defeated in the elections and did not win any seat from the constituency.


title: Pooja Gandhi

text: Gandhi was born in Meerut and brought up in Delhi into a traditional Punjabi family. Her father, Pawan Gandhi, is a businessman and her mother, Jyothi Gandhi, is a housewife. She studied at Sophia Convent and Dewan Public School in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh. She has two younger sisters – Radhika Gandhi, who is also an actress in Kannada films, and Suhani Gandhi, a tennis player. Gandhi started her career as a model by acting in advertisements and television series with "Awaz" (a remake of "Lost" in Hindi language) and a serial "Zameen Se Aassman Tak", directed by Aruna Irani.


title: Pooja Gandhi

text: Gandhi got engaged in November 2012 with industrialist Anand Gowda but ended the relationship the following month.


title: Pooja Gandhi

text: Gandhi started her career by acting in TV soaps, starting with Zameen Se Aassman Tak directed by Aruna Irani. She made her acting debut at the age of 18 in the Hindi film "Khatron Ke Khiladi" released in 2001. Later appeared in Bengali film "Tomake Salam" in 2003, she moved to the South Indian film industry with the Tamil film "Kokki" (2006). The film earned moderate reviews and had a successful run at the box office.


title: Pooja Gandhi

text: Gandhi debut in the Kannada film industry was with "Mungaru Male", The film was the first in India for any language to be screened for continuously one year in a multiplex, and ultimately ran over 865-days in Karnataka. And it was collected over ₹75 crore in its lifetime theatrical run at Indian box office. It went to become highest grossing South Indian film during its time of release. Gandhi has received applause for her character in the film as Nandini. "Indicine.com's" critic states that "Sanjana makes a confident debut". She then acted in the movie "Milana" with Puneeth Rajkumar, upon theatrical release on 14 September 2007, the film saw commercial success and completed a 500-day run in theatres. Later the film was dubbed into Malayalam as "Ishtam Enikkishtam". In the same year Gandhi acted in "Krishna" film with her "Mungaru male" co-star Ganesh, it was the financial hit at the box office by completing 100-days. It marked as the second consecutive hit of the Ganesh and Gandhi pair after "Mungaru Male". The "Krishna" marked her hat-trick 100-days film in her career in Kannada film industry.


title: Pooja Gandhi

text: In 2008, she starred in the financially successful Kannada language film "Taj Mahal" with Ajay Rao, which ran over 200 days in couple of centers of Karnataka. She was nominated for a Filmfare Best Actress Award, while Sify's critic wrote that "Pooja Gandhi looks pretty and has done a good job. "rediff.com" editor Vijaysarathy claims that "Pooja Gandhi looks stunning and has worked hard to give a strong performance". Her next movie was "Budhivanta" alongside Upendra. It became the highest grossing Kannada film of 2008 and completed 100-days in main centres of Karnataka.


title: Pooja Gandhi

text: Gandhi went on to act in more than dozen of films in several languages including Kannada film industry, most of them went on to become commercially un-successful at the box office.


title: Pooja Gandhi

text: In 2010, Gandhi made her Telugu debut through the "Mukkanti" film opposite Nandamuri Taraka Ratna, along with Poorna. Which went on to become a financial failure at the box office.


title: Pooja Gandhi

text: In 2011, she acted her second film in Hindi with "I Am", together with Juhi Chawla. "I Am" received mainly positive reviews from critics and audience upon the theatrical release. "The Times of India" called it "an important and intelligent film" and "The Film Street Journal" named it "a must watch".


title: Pooja Gandhi

text: In 2012, Gandhi made a comeback through the female oriented film "Dandupalya", which went on to become one of the highest-grossing films of Kannada industry and completed 100 days theatrical run in both Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. And it collected over ₹40 crore against budget of ₹3 crore. Gandhi received Filmfare Award for Best Kannada Actress and Suvarna Fimfare Award for Best Actress for her performance in "Dandupalya". The film was dubbed in Telugu and released as "Dandupalyam". It was well received in Andhra Pradesh. A Tamil dub titled "Karimedu" was produced by Rama Narayanan's Sri Thenandal Films and released on 24 May 2013 to critical acclaim. it was hit in Tamil Nadu.


title: Pooja Gandhi

text: The film was dubbed in Malayalam and was titled as "Kuruthikalam". Critics heaped praise on Gandhi for her performance.


title: Pooja Gandhi

text: "Rediff.com" claimed that she was "walks away with acting honours. She is a stunner with her vain looks sans makeup throughout the movie and she has lived her role exceptionally well." while "DNA's" critic wrote that "viewers should not miss out on Pooja's performance." "Business Standard's" critic stated that "Pooja Gandhi as the leader of the gang is brilliant and extremely confident in her role. While some may typecast her performance as cheap and unwelcoming, I believe it takes guts for a regular heroine to shed her image and agree to play such a gritty part. She definitely deserves special mention for proving cliches wrong." "The Times of India's" critic stated that "Pooja Gandhi walks away with full honours."


title: Pooja Gandhi

text: In 2013, Gandhi made her debut in Malayalam film with "Maad Dad" (2013) together with Lal and Meghana Raj. Then she becomes Item number for the "Mata" fame Guruprasad's directed Kannada film "Director's Special" (2013). According to sources said that Gandhi had rejected a request to do a special song in "Devarane" film, following days Pooja accepted this offer only because director Guruprasad wrote this song keeping me in mind. That makes it special, she appears in the song as "Chanchal Champakali". In 2015, she starred and produced a film "Abhinetri", also she introduced as Producer.


title: Pooja Gandhi

text: In 2017, she starred in the "Dandupalya 2", which was the sequel of her previous film "Dandupalya". In 2018 her next film was "Dandupalya 3" or III,


title: Pooja Gandhi

text: which was simultaneously released in Kannada, Telugu and Tamil languages. acts along with almost same cast and crew. Gandhi received critical acclaim from critics and audience for her performance in the film. The writer Sunayana Suresh of The "Times of India", stated "Pooja Gandhi in her uninhibited avatar is another person who deserves applause." The writer Sharadha of "New Indian Express", stated that "Pooja Gandhi wins over the audience with her powerful performance."


title: Pooja Gandhi

text: She then joined briefly the KJP, but she finally contested the 2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly elections from Raichur on a BSR Congress ticket. This first attempt at public office proved unsuccessful.


title: Pooja Gandhi

text: Gandhi and Gandhi's film "Dandupalya", criticised by social group Bahujan Samaj Horata Samiti for her controversial scene in this film, who claimed that its content was offensive. They objected specifically to the film's portrayal of women. Further controversy followed when it was revealed that actress Pooja Gandhi would appear topless in the film.


title: Pooja Gandhi

text: After the release of the movie, Ambedkar Kranthi Sena activists demonstrated in Bengaluru against the film's "glorification of anti-social activities".


title: Pooja Gandhi

text: "According to the dictionary, nudity means that you are not covered with a single item of clothing from head to toe. But in this scene, I have worn a sari and I am trying to cover my body, except for my back".


title: Eva Schloss

text: Eva Schloss (née Geiringer; born 11 May 1929) is an Austrian-English Holocaust survivor, memoirist and stepdaughter of Otto Frank, the father of Margot and diarist Anne Frank. Schloss speaks widely of her family's experiences during the Holocaust and is a participant in the USC Shoah Foundation's Visual History Archive project to record video answers to be used in educational tools.


title: Eva Schloss

text: Eva Geiringer was born in Vienna to a Jewish family. Her older brother, Heinz, was born in 1926. Shortly after the annexation of Austria by Germany in 1938, her family emigrated to Belgium and finally to the Netherlands. She lived in the same apartment block in Amsterdam as Anne Frank, and the girls, only a month apart in age, were sometimes playmates from ages 11 to 13. In 1942, both girls went into hiding to avoid the Nazi effort to capture the Jews of Amsterdam. In May 1944, Schloss's family was captured by the Nazis after being betrayed by a double agent in the Dutch underground, and transported to the Auschwitz-Birkenau Nazi concentration camps. Her father and brother did not survive the ordeal, but she and her mother were barely alive when they were freed in 1945 by Soviet troops.


title: Eva Schloss

text: They returned to Amsterdam, and during that time, Schloss and her mother renewed their friendship with Otto Frank, who was at that time contending with the loss of his wife and children, and the discovery of his daughter Anne's diary. In November 1953, Schloss's mother Elfriede (1905–1998) married Otto Frank.


title: Eva Schloss

text: Schloss continued her schooling and then studied art history at the University of Amsterdam. She then traveled to England to study photography for a year. While there, she met and married Zvi Schloss, a Jewish refugee from Germany whose father was imprisoned at Dachau concentration camp, and who had been living in Palestine. The couple subsequently settled in England and took British citizenship.


title: Eva Schloss

text: Schloss has three daughters and lives in London.<ref name="G 2013/apr/06"></ref> Her husband died in 2016.


title: Eva Schloss

text: In June 2021, Schloss became a dual citizen of the United Kingdom and Austria, taking up Austrian citizenship again as a gesture of reconciliation with her native country.


title: Eva Schloss

text: Schloss did not talk about her experiences in the concentration camp until after Otto's death in 1980. Having experienced her stepfather's emotional involvement with Anne and the preservation of her memory, she felt compelled to take on the responsibility of keeping Anne Frank's name alive. Schloss began to speak of her family's experiences during the Holocaust at educational institutions. She is a co-founder of The Anne Frank Trust UK, and playwright James Still described her experiences as a persecuted young Jewish woman in the play "And Then They Came for Me – Remembering the World of Anne Frank".


title: Eva Schloss

text: In an effort to preserve the memories of Holocaust survivors for future generations, Schloss participated in the USC Shoah Foundation's Visual History Archive project, in which she recorded answers to numerous questions while holographic technology recorded the sessions. The hologram has now become a part of interactive displays at museums, where people can ask questions and receive recorded answers from the hologram.


title: Eva Schloss

text: During a March 2019 book tour in Orange County, California, Schloss met with a group of Newport Harbor High School students, parents and staff members. The prior week, students from Newport Harbor, Costa Mesa and Estancia high schools gave Nazi salutes as they posed for photos at a party in front of cups arranged in the shape of a swastika while playing a variation of beer pong. Schloss talked to the students about her experience in the Holocaust when she was around their ages in an effort to educate them on the implications of the imagery they used.


title: Eva Schloss

text: Schloss was awarded an honorary doctorate by Northumbria University in 2001. She was honoured with an MBE in the 2013 New Year's Honours and the Medal for Services to the Republic of Austria on the occasion of her taking Austrian citizenship in 2021.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Daniel Evans (born 23 May 1990) is a British professional tennis player from England. He has been ranked as high as world No. 22 in singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP), which he achieved on 27 September 2021, and is the current British No. 2 in singles. He reached a career-high ranking of world No. 52 in doubles on 26 April 2021. In 2015, he formed part of the winning British Davis Cup team.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: In Grand Slam events, Evans reached the fourth round of the 2017 Australian Open and of the 2021 US Open. Evans has made seven third-round major appearances at the 2013 US Open, at Wimbledon 2016, at the 2016 US Open, at Wimbledon 2019, at the 2019 US Open, at Wimbledon 2021, and at the 2022 Australian Open. Evans's three ATP Tour finals to date have been the 2017 Apia International Sydney (losing to Gilles Müller), Delray Beach Open (losing to Radu Albot), and the 2021 Murray River Open, where he beat Felix Auger-Aliassime to win his first title.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans made his Davis Cup debut for Great Britain against Poland in September 2009. Evans twice won deciding fifth rubbers, against Slovakia and Russia respectively, helping Great Britain progress to the Davis Cup World Group. Evans also played in the semifinal against Australia, losing both of his rubbers, and was a substitute for the Final against Belgium, with Great Britain winning the Davis Cup in 2015, the nation's first success in the tournament for 79 years. The Davis Cup team was awarded the 2015 BBC Sports Personality Team of the Year Award.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans, often referred to as "Evo", grew up in the Hall Green area of Birmingham, his father is an electrician, his mother a nurse, and he has two older sisters.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: At first, Evans played squash with his father, aged seven, at the local squash and tennis club, the West Warwickshire Sports Club in Solihull, only falling into tennis by chance a couple of years later. Once Evans had got to grips with his preferred racket it became quickly apparent that he had some ability and he began training in earnest, moving to Edgbaston Priory aged 10.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: By the time he was 13, Evans had moved to Loughborough to live with a host family while training at the LTA's academy at Loughborough University. Of his time at Loughborough, he said: "I was never the best at 14 and 15, in fact, I was probably the worst. I was smaller than the others and a bit of a late developer, but I always thought I was pretty good and in the end, I was the best."


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans was a member of the British team that won the World Junior Tennis competition in the Czech Republic aged 14.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans was guided by LTA Academy coaches Mark Taylor and Leighton Alfred, who both continued working with him sporadically over the years.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: In March, Evans won the junior title at Marcq-en-Baroeul, putting him at the top of the European under-16 rankings.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: The Lawn Tennis Association withdrew him from the Wimbledon junior tournament for being, in his own words, "stupid on court".


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: In April, Evans was invited to the Davis Cup tie against the Netherlands, as a hitting partner for Tim Henman and Jamie Murray.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: In June, Evans had his first win on the ATP tour in the Nottingham qualifier, losing in the second round.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: In July, Evans first victories on the Futures tour, after seven attempts, were at the Great Britain F11 in Felixstowe, where he won two rounds before being beaten in the quarterfinals.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans reached the quarterfinals of the US Open boys' singles. Evans won a junior tournament in Paraguay, was a runner-up in the Czech Republic and reached a semi-final in Chile. He also had a successful year in a doubles partnership with David Rice, winning tournaments in Brazil, Uruguay and France.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans started the year at the Nottinghill junior tournament, by reaching the singles quarterfinals, and the doubles final partnering Dan Cox.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: At the Australian Open, Evans reached the quarterfinals of the boys' singles, where he lost to Yuki Bhambri. Again with Dan Cox, they reached the doubles quarterfinals.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: At the start of the year, Evans began working at the National Tennis Centre with Paul Annacone, the LTA men's head coach, who used to work with Pete Sampras and Tim Henman.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: In May, Evans reached the quarterfinals of the Bournemouth Futures, achieving a ranking of 1339. A week later, he had another quarterfinal appearance at the Edinburgh Futures, and won the doubles with Joshua Milton at the same event.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: In June, he was given a wild card into the Artois Championships, playing Belgian Xavier Malisse in the first round at Queen's Club. He played in the boys' tournament at Wimbledon, but was suspended until November 2008 by the LTA after he was photographed with Daniel Smethurst at a nightclub in the early hours of the morning. The next day, he partnered Smethurst in the boys' doubles event. In addition to losing his funding, he was also denied wild cards to tournaments and access to practice centres and LTA coaching staff. Instead, Evans trained at the West Warwickshire Club in Solihull.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: In August he won his first senior title, a Futures event in Wrexham. Later that month he won in London, with a third senior title coming that October in Glasgow,


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: In February, Evans took part in the play-offs for the British Davis Cup team, but lost out to Josh Goodall and Chris Eaton.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans won the singles title at The Caversham International in March, an ATP Challenger Tour event, rising to an ATP ranking of world No. 305.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans was granted a wildcard into Wimbledon, and was defeated by the 12th seed Nikolay Davydenko. In August, he lost in the first round of qualifying for the US Open to Brazilian Júlio Silva.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: In September, Evans, the British No 5, made his debut as part of the Great Britain Davis Cup squad for the Europe/Africa Zone Group I relegation playoff against Poland, along with Andy Murray, Joshua Goodall, James Ward, Ross Hutchins and Ken Skupski. He played in the tie, losing to Jerzy Janowicz in the second rubber, and then losing to Michał Przysiężny in the deciding final rubber. Great Britain were relegated to Europe/Africa Zone Group II for the first time since 1996.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: In November, he reached the second round of the Caversham ATP Jersey Open, where he lost to Finland's Jarkko Nieminen.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans began the year by winning his first qualifying tie in Doha, but lost to Steve Darcis in the second qualifying round. A week later, he succeeded in qualifying for an ATP Tour event for the first time, but lost in the first round of the Heineken Open in Auckland to Michael Lammer. This loss allowed him to take part in qualifying for the Australian Open where he won his first qualifying match against Sean Berman. He lost in the second round to Santiago Ventura.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: In March, Evans was called to the Davis Cup team in the Europe/Africa Zone Group II tie vs Lithuania, in Vilnius, with James Ward, Ken Skupski and Colin Fleming. The Lithuanian side entered the tie as underdogs; fielding a team of teenagers. Ward won his debut Davis Cup match. Evans lost the second singles match, Fleming and Skupski won their doubles, but Ward and Evans were both beaten on the final day. Evans' defeat was his fourth in two Davis Cup appearances and came against a player ranked 269 places below him at 521 in the world and who had never played a match on the ATP World Tour. This was described as a humiliating Davis Cup defeat for Great Britain, and led to the resignation of Davis Cup Captain John Lloyd. Britain was now threatened with relegation to the lowest tier of the competition.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: After failing to qualify for The Championships, Evans moved away from Birmingham to train at the Nottingham Tennis Centre, where he would be coached by Mark Taylor and Leighton Alfred.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: In December, the Lawn Tennis Association announced cuts to its financial support for some of Britain's underperforming players from 43 to 30, after raising the standards it requires them to meet. This included Evans, who had been hailed as the country's most promising youngster but had in the past been criticised for a poor attitude.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans reached the final of three Futures and the semifinal at the Bath Challenger, which led to the All England Club awarding him a wild card for the Championships.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: In December, the Lawn Tennis Association reduced its list of funded players to 23, but Evans was added to the programme, with Julien Hoferlin becoming his coach.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans began the year by competing in a number of UK based ITF Futures tournaments, securing his first singles title of the year in Sheffield in mid-January, where he defeated David Rice in the final. The following month, Evans entered qualifying for the PBZ Zagreb Indoors in Croatia, winning his three qualification matches before ultimately losing in three sets to Guillermo García-López in the opening round of the main draw.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: In February, Evans was instrumental in Great Britain's 3–2 victory over Slovakia, in the Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I tie. His ATP record stood at zero wins from 10 matches, while Lukáš Lacko had reached the final ATP event in Zagreb only six days ago. Evans won both of his singles matches, defeating much higher ranked players. Evans dismantled Lukáš Lacko, ranked 211 places above him, and Martin Kližan, ranked 156 places higher, in the deciding rubber. These were Evans' first Davis Cup wins.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans was ranked No 291 when he pulled off two of the most unexpected wins against the Slovak Republic. By April, he was down to world No. 344, having failed to defend his points from last year's Bath Challenger.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans also received a qualifying wild card for the Sony Ericsson Open in Miami, but lost in straight sets to Björn Phau.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: In April, Evans was selected for Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I tie against Belgium. After Josh Goodall lost the first rubber, Evans, the world No. 344 pushed Olivier Rochus (#59) to the limit, but Rochus prevailed to take the match. Colin Fleming and Ross Hutchins won their doubles match, but Evans and Goodall lost their second singles matches. Great Britain were beaten 4–1, condemning Leon Smith to his first defeat as Davis Cup Captain.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Soon after the Belgium tie, Evans arrived at the National Tennis Centre, to discover that his LTA coach, Julien Hoferlin had been assigned to Oliver Golding, the former US Open junior champion, instead.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans was now unable to afford foreign travel, so he spent the next 12 months playing in Britain and Ireland, at ITF Futures level, as well as taking in one Challenger tournament towards the latter stages of the year. He won four ITF Pro Circuit singles titles during the year, all in England. This tally included two titles in as many weeks in September, dropping just one set in ten matches.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans was stripped of his funding by the Lawn Tennis Association at the end of the year, having seemingly failed to convince the association of his commitment to the sport.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: For several months, there was a possibility Evans might quit, as his parents found it difficult to support his career with the necessary £20–25,000-a-year.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: After not initially being picked for Great Britain's squad for the Davis Cup tie versus Russia, Evans was given a last-minute place ahead of Britain's no. 3, Jamie Baker. Evans played valiantly in his first rubber against world No. 67 Dmitry Tursunov before losing in five tight sets. With Great Britain trailing 2–0 to Russia, the GB doubles pairing of Colin Fleming and Jonny Marray reduced the deficit a day later, before James Ward levelled the tie at 2–2 after beating Tursunov in five sets. The result meant that Evans had the chance to complete an unlikely comeback when he faced world No. 80 Evgeny Donskoy in the final rubber. Evans defeated Donskoy comprehensively in straight sets, thus securing what was described as a "famous victory". The last time Great Britain had come from 2–0 down to win a Davis Cup tie was 83 years ago against Germany, Consequently, Great Britain won a place in the 16-team World Group play-offs in September.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: After discussion with Davis Cup captain Smith, the LTA once again agreed to support Evans with a coach and conditioner. He could also practise at the National Tennis Centre in Roehampton, and was now able to afford to play abroad.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: In May at his first tournament outside the UK for 12 months, Evans won a clay-court ITF tournament in Båstad, Sweden, where he beat Grzegorz Panfil in the final.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans was then given a main-draw wildcard for the 2013 Aegon Trophy in Nottingham in June, reaching the quarterfinal stage of the tournament. In the first round, Evans was dealt a tough draw but overcame fifth seed, and world No. 92, Ryan Harrison in three sets. He then defeated Australian-born Brit Brydan Klein in straight sets in the second round, before losing to the eventual champion, Australian Matthew Ebden in the quarter-finals. Shortly before Evans' victory over Klein, he was informed that he had been handed a main-draw wildcard at the Queen's Club, London, for the 2013 Aegon Championships. He won his first-round match comfortably, beating world No. 75 Guido Pella in straight sets. His fine form continued in the following round when Evans disposed of world No. 37, Finland's Jarkko Nieminen, in three sets. He had been a break down at 2–4 in the final set, taking four consecutive games to record the victory. It was the first time Evans had beaten a player ranked in the top 50.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans received a wild card into the Wimbledon qualifiers, where he lost in the first round to Spain's Daniel Muñoz-De La Nava.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans reached only his second Challenger final in Vancouver, where he picked up some notable scalps along the way. He defeated top seed Evgeny Donskoy, eighth seed Olivier Rochus, and fifth seed Bobby Reynolds to set up a final clash with second seed and home favourite Vasek Pospisil, where he lost in three sets. This performance saw Evans rise to the top 200 for the first time, reaching number 194, and he also gained direct entry to the Comerica Bank Challenger. Evans completed back-to-back Challenger finals, defeating top seed Guido Pella for the second time this year along the way. In the final, he lost to American Bradley Klahn despite holding match point in the second set. This run would see Evans rise to a career-high of no. 169 and become Britain's no. 2.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: After coming through three rounds of qualifying Evans qualified for his first slam event in over two years at the US Open and his first outside Wimbledon. On 26 August at the US Open, he achieved his most impressive victory to date, beating 11th seed Kei Nishikori in the first round in straight sets, to become one of only six British players to beat a player inside the ATP top 15 in a slam since 1990. The others were Andy Murray, Tim Henman, Greg Rusedski, Jeremy Bates and Nick Brown. Evans made the third round of a Grand Slam for the first time, beating Bernard Tomic of Australia in the second round in four sets. He ultimately lost to 19th seed Tommy Robredo in the third round; however, this earned him prize money of US$93,000, almost half of his entire career earnings up to that point.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: The 23-year-old reached a career-high ranking of 149, becoming British No 2, and consequently, Evans was picked as Britain's second singles player in the Davis Cup World Group play-off against Croatia in Umag on clay. Evans lost his Friday's singles match against Croatia's No 1 Ivan Dodig, ranked 35, but Andy Murray, playing in his first Davis Cup tie for two years, won both his singles matches and the doubles with Colin Fleming.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans won the dead rubber to help beat Croatia 4–1, and return Great Britain to the World Group for the first time since 2008.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans began the year at the 2014 Qatar Open where he came through Qualifying before losing to Ernests Gulbis in the first round. In Melbourne, Evans entered the qualifying competition of the 2014 Australian Open as the 26th seed, however, lost in the second round of qualifying to Hungarian Márton Fucsovics.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: In February he entered the qualifying stages of the PBZ Zagreb Indoors as the third seed, losing in the final round of qualification to Bjorn Phau, however he received entry to the main draw as a lucky loser after the withdrawal of 7th seed Radek Štěpánek. Evans beat Jan Hájek and Michael Berrer in the first two rounds to make his first-ever quarterfinal at ATP World Tour level. He then stunned third seed Philipp Kohlschreiber in three sets, overcoming a ranking deficit of 120 places. In the semifinal, he lost to Tommy Haas in three tight sets. Despite this loss, he rose to a new career-high ranking of 123.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: After losing in the first round of Wimbledon, his coach, Julien Hoferlin departed for his home country of Belgium, and told journalists "He [Evans] has the potential to make himself a top-60 player, but he makes no sacrifices for his sport. He doesn't understand that tennis has to be his priority. For him, it's just a brief interlude in his life."


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: At the start of this year, Evans played three events, but in March he was fined £350 for failing to turn up for the F4 Futures event on the Wirral, sparking fears about his commitment. He then disappeared for 3 months, struggling with a knee injury that sent his ranking to an all-time low of 772 in May.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: In June, Evans lost in qualifying for three straight Challengers in Manchester, Surbiton and Ilkley, all on grass.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: However, since May, Evans returned to some kind of form, reeling off 29 wins from 33 matches, with four Futures titles, Egypt, Frinton, Felixstowe & Nottingham, Roehampton finalist and a run to the semis of a Challenger in Vancouver, where he beat Czech Radek Stepanek along the way.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: His ranking recovered to exactly No. 300, and the fact that Evans beat Australian Bernard Tomic in the 2013 US Open, led to his surprise recall to the Great Britain squad for the Davis Cup Semi-Final against Australia. Evans was not even among four contenders that GB team captain Leon Smith named for two singles berths just over a week previously, but was now picked ahead of the injured Kyle Edmund, who is 200 places above him in the rankings at 100, and the woefully out-of-form James Ward. Though Evans lost both his singles matches, Great Britain won 3–2 and reached the Davis Cup Final for the first time since 1978.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: On 15 November, Dan Evans, ranked 271, won the Knoxville Challenger on a hard court. On the same day, Kyle Edmund won the Copa Fila Challenge title in Argentina on clay beating Argentina's Carlos Berlocq, ranked No 112 in the world and an expert on the red stuff. James Ward lost in the second round of the same event, though Ward, ranked 156, had also recently won a hard court challenger tournament.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: With Belgium opting to stage the Davis Cup Final on an indoor clay court, Leon Smith chose to go with the British number two Edmund, now ranked 100.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans and Dominic Inglot accompanied the nominated British team of Andy Murray, Kyle Edmund, Jamie Murray, James Ward, as hitting partners. Great Britain went on to win the Davis Cup for the first time since 1936. Evans and Dominic Inglot joined the team on the winner's podium, and they all received the same Davis Cup medals.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans joined the rest of the Davis Cup team at the BBC Sports Personality of the Year Show, where they won the 2015 Team of the Year Award.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: In January Evans entered the qualifying for the Australian Open. He advanced to the main draw of the tournament for the first time in his career where he lost comfortably to 18th seed Feliciano López, winning only five games in three sets.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: At the RBC Tennis Championships of Dallas in February, Evans was beaten by Kyle Edmund in the first all-British Challenger final since 2005, when Alex Bogdanovic beat Mark Hilton.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Six weeks later, there was a second all-British final, at the Challenger Banque Nationale de Drummondville in Canada, where world No. 157 & British No 4, Evans defeated world No. 531 & British No. 17, Edward Corrie, in two sets to claim his third ATP Challenger title. Evans rose to No. 125, two places short of his highest ever ranking.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: playing with Lloyd Glasspool. Evans played eight doubles events this year, four with Lloyd Glasspool.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans, Kyle Edmund, Dominic Inglot, Andy Murray and Jamie Murray were named for the Davis Cup World Group 1st round match against Japan. On the Wednesday before the tie, Edmund picked up a back injury during practice, so Dan Evans was chosen as the second singles player. Though Evans had beaten Kei Nishikori at the 2013 US Open, he lost his Davis Cup rubber against Kei Nishikori, but Great Britain won 3–1 and progressed to the quarter-finals.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: In April Evans played in the Santaizi ATP Challenger in Taiwan where he advanced to the final without dropping a set. In the final, he beat Russian Konstantin Kravchuk in three sets. This marked a major career milestone for Evans who by winning the title, broke the top 100 of the ATP rankings for the first time, and Great Britain now had four players inside the top 100 for the first time since 1979. A week later, Evans reached the final of the Busan Open Challenger in South Korea, but afterwards Evans had a poor grass-court season in the lead up to Wimbledon.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans' ranking allowed him to enter Wimbledon without the need for a wild card. In the first round, he faced Jan-Lennard Struff, and won in four sets, despite suffering an injury in the fourth set. He defeated 30th seed Alexandr Dolgopolov in the second round in straight sets, enabling passage to a third-round match against 3rd seed and seven-time champion Roger Federer on Centre Court. However he lost in straight sets, this was only the second time Evans had reached the third round of a grand slam and his first third-round match at a grand slam since 2013.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: John Lloyd chose Evans to play World TeamTennis for the San Diego Aviators in August, but he pulled out with no explanation.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans was named for the Davis Cup quarter-final tie against Serbia on clay, but withdrew, citing a shoulder injury after switching to clay, and "a couple of issues at home". Evans was offered a place in the Rio Olympics due to several withdrawals, but instead he continued on the Tour to improve his ranking.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: A day after the Davis Cup Serbia tie, Evans was in Washington for the Citi Open where he beat world No. 40 Grigor Dimitrov to reach the last 16. Although he eventually lost in the 3rd round against American big server Jack Sock. Following an impressive run in Washington, Evans won a 3rd challenger title of the year on 14 August in an all British final against Cameron Norrie.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: At the US Open, he defeated 27th seed Alexander Zverev in 4 sets in the second round. The teenage Zverev was regarded as a future world No. 1, and Evans thought this was the best result of his career, being his third victory against a top-30 opponent. Evans equalled his previous best tournament performance by reaching the third round, and pushing 3rd seed and eventual champion Stan Wawrinka to 5 sets, eventually losing after setting up a match point in the 4th set tiebreak. Including Andy Murray and Kyle Edmund, Great Britain had three men in the last 32 for the first time since 1968. He rose to a career-high ranking of world No. 53.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: In the US Open Doubles, Evans teamed up with Nick Kyrgios, winning two rounds, but they withdrew from the next match with both players citing injury from their singles matches.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Initially, Evans, Andy Murray, Kyle Edmund, Jamie Murray and Dominic Inglot were called upon for the Davis Cup semi-final against Argentina. Eventually, Inglot was dropped to give the team more singles options, though Evans was a possible doubles partner for Jamie Murray because he had played seven doubles events so far this year. With the tie poised at 2–2, Evans played the deciding rubber against Leonardo Mayer, winning the first set but finally losing in four sets.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: January saw Evans beat 8th ranked Dominic Thiem at Sydney Apia International before winning the semi final to meet Gilles Müller in Evans' first ATP Tour final. He was the first English born player to reach a singles final there in more than 11 years (Tim Henman being the last in 2006) but lost the match in straight sets.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: The following week, Evans beat seventh-seed Marin Čilić in the second round of the Australian Open. Evans progressed to the fourth round with a straight sets win over Bernard Tomic, setting up a round-of-16 tie with Jo-Wilfried Tsonga (seeded 12th). While he lost the match in 4 sets, this was the furthest he had progressed in any Grand Slam event to date.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Playing in the 2017 Davis Cup World Group first round against the Canada Davis Cup team, Evans beat Denis Shapovalov before losing to Vasek Pospisil, the Great Britain Davis Cup team progressing to the quarter finals.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans was banned from playing professional tennis due to testing positive for cocaine in April 2017. Evans claims that he took a relatively small amount of cocaine out of competition, but that some permitted medication he was taking was then 'contaminated' by the cocaine because he accidentally put the leftover cocaine in the pocket of his washbag, thus testing positive in-competition. Evans was eligible to return to the professional circuit on 24 April 2018, having completed a one-year ban.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans returned from his drugs ban on 28 April 2018, having only started training again two months earlier, defeating compatriot Edward Corrie in the first round of qualifying in an ATP Challenger Tour event in Glasgow. He subsequently defeated Sam Barry to qualify for the main draw of the tournament, but lost in the first round to Lucas Miedler.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans was not awarded a wildcard for the 2018 Wimbledon Championships. However, following victories in two pre-qualifying matches, Evans secured a wildcard entry to the main qualifying event.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans reached the final of the 2019 Delray Beach Open, but lost to Radu Albot in a third-set tiebreaker. On 14 October 2019 he became Britain's number 1.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans started the 2020 season by competing in the inaugural ATP Cup, and reached a new career-high of No. 33 on 13 January 2020. In February Evans stunned the seventh seed Andrey Rublev of Russia in the quarterfinals at the Dubai Tennis Championships in Dubai, U.A.E. to advance to the semis. Then in the last four he lost to the Greek player Stefanos Tsitsipas in straight sets. As a result of this, Evans' ranking rose to No. 28 in the world.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans also reached the semifinals in Antwerp and Vienna, where he lost to Ugo Humbert and Lorenzo Sonego, respectively.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: In February, Evans earned his first ATP Tour title at the Murray River Open in Melbourne. As a result, he reached a new career-high ranking of world No. 26 on 8 February 2021 in singles. At the 2021 Australian Open, he lost in the first round to compatriot Cameron Norrie.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: At the beginning of April, Evans reached his first Masters 1000 final with compatriot Neal Skupski at the 2021 Miami Open and entered the top 100 in the doubles rankings for the first time.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: At the Monte-Carlo Masters, Evans recorded his first ever victory over a world number 1 after he beat Novak Djokovic in straight sets. The victory also meant Evans reached his first Masters 1000 quarterfinal. He defeated David Goffin in the quarterfinals as well to reach his first Masters 1000 singles semifinal, where he lost to eventual champion Stefanos Tsitsipas. In the same tournament, partnering again with Neal Skupski, he reached his second Masters 1000 doubles final within two weeks, losing again to 2nd seeded Mate Pavic and Nikola Mektic. As a result, he reached a career-high of world No. 56 in doubles on 19 April 2021.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans next played at the 2021 Mutua Madrid Open, where he defeated Jeremy Chardy and John Millman to reach the last 16. He lost to 5th seed Alexander Zverev in straight sets.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: After losing in the first round of the 2021 Italian Open and the 2021 French Open, Evans reached the quarterfinals of the 2021 Nottingham Open, beating Thanasi Kokkinakis and Matthew Ebden before losing to sixth seed Denis Kudla. He made his top 25 debut on 14 June 2021. The following week, he also reached the quarterfinals as the sixth seed of the 2021 Queen's Club Championships, losing to eventual champion Matteo Berrettini in straight sets.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Seeded twenty-second, Evans reached the third round of the 2021 Wimbledon Championships. After scoring straight-set wins against Feliciano López and Dušan Lajović, In the third round, Evans lost to Sebastian Korda in four sets.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans was set to play at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, representing Great Britain, playing in the men's singles event and partnering with Neal Skupski in the men's doubles. However, shortly before the start of the Olympics, Evans tested positive for COVID-19, forcing him to self-isolate and withdraw from the event. He was replaced by Jamie Murray in the doubles, who lost in the second round.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: At the US Open, he reached his second Major fourth round by defeating Alexei Popyrin in a fifth-set tiebreak after returning from two sets down. He then lost to world No. 2 Daniil Medvedev. As a result of his US Open run, Evans rose to a career high ranking of No. 23 on 13 September 2021.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: After the US Open, Evans played a number of events on the post-US Open hard-court swing, both in singles and in doubles with Fabio Fognini at the San Diego Open, and Neal Skupski at the Indian Wells Masters, Vienna Open, and Paris Masters. He lost in the first or second round of all of the post-US Open tournaments.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans started his season playing for Great Britain at the 2022 ATP Cup. Evans won all of his matches in the group stage, with singles wins against Germany's Jan-Lennard Struff, Canada's Denis Shapovalov, and the United States' John Isner. He also won his two doubles matches where he paired with Jamie Murray to win against Germans Kevin Krawietz and Alexander Zverev, as well as Americans John Isner and Taylor Fritz. Evans went on to reach the semifinals of the 2022 Sydney International, where he was seeded third. He beat Pedro Martínez and Maxime Cressy before losing to Aslan Karatsev.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Seeded 24th, Evans entered into the Australian Open and beat David Goffin in straight sets in the first round. Evans advanced to the third round following a withdrawal from Arthur Rinderknech due to injury, where he was defeated by 9th seed Félix Auger-Aliassime.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Seeded 16th at the 2022 Citi Open, he reached the quarterfinals with a win over Taylor Fritz by retirement. At the 2022 National Bank Open he repeated the same feat defeating tenth seeded Fritz to reach again the quarterfinals, only for a second time at a Masters 1000, having defeated fifth seed and world No. 8 Andrey Rublev in the previous round in straight sets. He went one step further to reach his second semifinal at the Masters 1000 level defeating American Tommy Paul. In the semifinals, he lost to eventual winner Pablo Carreno Busta in three sets.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Seeded 20th at the US Open, Evans lost in the third round to Marin Čilić in a four set match lasting four hours.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans is an all-court player who plays a tactical game with an emphasis on counter-punching and neutralising or re-directing pace. Evan's groundstrokes are solid but not overwhelming weapons, especially his single-handed backhand, which he tends to slice. His game usually involves counter-punching and moving opponents around from the baseline, before finding an opportunity to inject pace and attack. He is known to be a tactical, adaptable player, able to use his variety to probe for weaknesses and disrupt opponents' rhythm. He often uses the backhand slice to neutralise the pace in rallies, and also the drop shot to bring opponents to the net, exploiting opponents too comfortable at the baseline. Additionally, Evans is a skilled volleyer and is capable of serve-and-volleying. His lack of consistent power from the baseline has been cited as a weakness, though he makes up for it with speed and defensive skills.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans has been referred to as 'the bad boy of British tennis' and 'the most egregious wasted talent in British tennis'.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans has lost his LTA funding twice, because of his off-court behaviour and lack of commitment. Firstly as an 18-year-old, he went clubbing in the early hours, the night before a doubles match with Dan Smethurst at the 2008 Junior Wimbledon, which they subsequently lost. Evans was considered to have significant potential but his LTA coaches found his commitment frustratingly inconsistent over the years, so in 2012, Evans was stripped of his funding a second time. Evans's reputation as someone who likes a night out and a drink has persisted, but he insists it is controlled.


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: In 2014, sports agent Stuart Duguid, of the management company Lagardere Unlimited, said of his charge Evans, 'British tennis fans are desperate for another top player to get behind in addition to Murray. Dan offers something a little bit different – he's more edgy and unpredictable. He's a bit of an enigma.'


title: Dan Evans (tennis)

text: Evans' match record against players who have been ranked world No. 10 or higher, with active players in boldface.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: Oleg Yuryevich Tinkov (; born 25 December 1967) is a Russian-born Cypriot entrepreneur and businessman.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: Tinkov is the founder of a network of shops of household appliances "Technoshock", frozen food factories "Daria", brewing companies and network of Tinkoff restaurants. Among less well-known projects – music store "Music Shock" and the record label "Shock Records", which released first albums by bands "Kirpichi", and "Leningrad", and which worked with the "". Tinkov was the founder and chairman of the Tinkoff Bank board of directors (until 2015 it was called "Tinkoff Credit Systems"). The bank was founded in 2007 and as of December 1, 2016, it was ranked 45 in terms of assets and 33 – for equity among Russian banks.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: In 2019 Tinkov was diagnosed with leukemia. Tinkov was indicted by a US grand jury in Sept 2019 for willfully filing false tax returns and attempting to evade over $240 million in taxes while renouncing his US citizenship. He was arrested in London in February 2020 but fought extradition based on a new diagnosis of leukaemia making him too unwell to travel. He eventually pleaded guilty and was sentenced to pay over $508 million in unpaid taxes, fines and a fraud penalty, as well as time served and a year's supervised release.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: In 2021 he had complications after surgery and his chances of survival were estimated at only 40%. By 2022 his cancer went into remission. After the diagnosis, Tinkov left management positions in his businesses. In 2020 he announced the foundation of his own charity fund for leukemia sufferers. with $200 mln investment of his own money.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: "Bloomberg Billionaires Index" estimated his net worth at $8.2 billion in November 2021; Forbes estimated his net worth at $0.8 billion four months later. After he publicly criticized the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine in April 2022, he said officials of the Putin administration threatened to nationalize Tinkoff Bank, and he went into hiding after selling his 35% stake under pressure. In October 2022, he renounced his Russian citizenship, citing the Ukrainian war and the "Putin fascism" as the reason.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: Tinkoff was born in the village Polysayevo, Leninsk-Kuznetsk district of the Kemerovo Oblast in Russian family of a miner and a seamstress.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: Since the age of 12 Tinkoff was interested in road cycling, he was a member of cycling clubs at school, and later – at the workplaces. He won in a number of competitions, and in 1984 received the title of a candidate in master of sports. During training camps Tinkoff first took up black marketeering, buying hard-to-find goods in Central Asia, and selling them in Leninsk-Kuznetsky. His cycling career was interrupted by military service: he did not get into the Sports Club of the army and was sent to the border troops. In 1986–1988 he served in the Far East – in Nakhodka and Nikolayevsk-on-Amur.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: In 1988, Oleg Tinkov entered the Mining Institute university, which had a large number of foreign students and offered promising opportunities in trade. He traded in jeans, cosmetics and perfumery, caviar and vodka. He sold goods from St. Petersburg to customers in Siberia, and from there he brought Japanese household appliances purchased from the miners. He brought electrical appliances to Poland and returned with office equipment and supplies, gas cartridges and guns.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: Tinkov traded together with his future wife and fellow students – (later – the founder of hypermarket retail chain "Lenta"), Oleg Leonov (future founder of retail chain "DIXY") and (founder of the company "" and "").


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: Tinkov met an Estonian, Rina Vosman, while studying at university. Their wedding took place in June 2009 – after 20 years of living together. Their daughter Daria Tinkov studied at King's College London, sons Pasha and Roman at St Edward's School, Oxford.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: In 1992, Tinkov began to trade in wholesale electronics from Singapore. To simplify the registration of documents he registered a limited liability partnership "Petrosib" in St. Petersburg, and then regional companies "Petrosib-Kemerovo", "Petrosib-Novosibirsk" and "Petrosib-Omsk" and others. Goods arrived in St. Petersburg and from there were sent to the regions, where they were sold with a larger markup. He started with calculators and went on to office equipment, televisions, VCRs and even artificial flowers and trees. In the beginning, Oleg himself flew to Singapore, then began to use commercial air freight, but the turning point came when an Indian dealer Ashok Vasmani shipped him a half-container of TVs on credit. Tinkov went on to use container sea freight.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: Reduced profits from wholesaling pushed Tinkov towards launching his own retail stores. In 1994 "Petrosib" opened the first store under the Sony label on in St. Petersburg, then another on . "Petrosib USA" opened in San Francisco. Success in retail inspired Tinkov to combine the shops under one name. "Technoshock" was opened in 1995 and offered expensive household appliances at the highest prices in the city, but still it was popular. "Technoshock" was one of the first companies in Russia which began to train its sales consultants. Sergio Gutsalenko, an American of Russian origin, became the president of the company. The network grew rapidly; by 1996 the "Technoshock" had five stores in St. Petersburg, two in Omsk and Kemerovo and one in Novorossiysk. From 1995 to 1996 the turnover doubled and reached $40 million.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: By 1997 "" stores had arrived in St. Petersburg, which increased competition and reduced profitability. In 1997 Tinkov sold the company to its management, and a year later it was acquired by "Simteks". He came out of "Technoshock" with $7 million and invested the sum in the pelmeni business.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: Along with "Technoshock", Tinkov opened a chain of music stores called "Music Shock" in 1996. Philipp Kirkorov and Alla Pugacheva performed at the opening of the first "Music Shock" store and at the second. In 1998 "Music Shock" was sold to the Moscow company .


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: Together with Ilya Bortnyuk, Tinkov launched the "Shock Records" record label. The label released the debut albums of the bands "Kirpichi", "Leningrad", Vladimir Dashkevich Symphony based on his music for the film "Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson", the album "Nechelovek-vidimka" by "". "Music Shock" published a 320-page book "Viktor Tsoi".


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: Pelmeni and other frozen foods were produced under the brand name "Daria", named after the Tinkov's daughter. A Greek called Athanasius, who distributed ravioli manufacturing equipment in Russia, gave Tinkov this idea while in the sauna. Production was launched in early 1998 in Peterhof and in the beginning it made products under the trademark "Smak" under license from the Andrey Makarevich company. After a conflict with the licensor, the brand name changed to "Smak St. Petersburg". Economic crisis was the reason for creating its own brand; the new brand helped increase market share. The new plant, which opened in December 1998, at the site of a former "Technoshock" warehouse on Predportovaya street in St. Petersburg, originally produced only "Daria". In addition, Tinkoff made products under the brands of "Tolsty kok", "Dobry product" and "Tsar-batyushka".


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: "Daria" first became popular due to an advertising campaign in which five billboards in St. Petersburg and two in Moscow showed an image of female buttocks covered with flour and the caption "Your favorite pelmeni!". Another commercial included the phrase, "From these raviolek you’ll get stomach cramps", which caused the "Ravioli" company dissatisfaction. In return they used a phrase "Daria, shoo!" in their advertisement campaign.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: In 2001, "Daria" was sold to Roman Abramovich and Andrew Bloch's holding company "Planeta Management" for $21 million, of which $7 million were used to pay off debt.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: In 1997 Tinkov could not find an investor for the construction of a brewery. Two meetings helped: an equipment supplier, with whom Tinkoff met at the exhibition in Munich, proposed to combine the brewery with a restaurant and focus on the development of the brand; the other supplier suggested that beer be called after Tinkov's family name according to the Bavarian tradition.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: The initial investment amounted to one million Deutschmarks, and in August 1998 the first restaurant was opened in St. Petersburg on , 7. There soon appeared a line for beer in bottles. In 2001 a restaurant was opened in Moscow in Protochny lane, the investment in which amounted to $2 million. Other restaurants were opened in Samara in November 2002 and in Novosibirsk in January 2003; there were further openings in Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Ufa, Yekaterinburg, Vladivostok and Sochi.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: The first plant was built by the summer of 2003 with the support of Bank, which opened a credit line for Tinkoff Brewery. For construction of the second plant the company raised the funds through a bond issue, as well as the lkoans from Zenit Bank and the German HypoVereinsbank. The second plant worth about $75 million was completely built on credit funds.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: Tinkoff factories produced "Tinkoff beer", "Tekiza", and "T". While expanding, the company invested significant funds in mass marketing. There was even a bad experience of collaboration with photographer and director Oliviero Toscani, author of the United Colors of Benetton advertising campaigns.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: The Sun Interbrew group had shown interest in acquisition of the "Tinkoff" factories since, and in 2005 the transaction took place. It paid about $200 million for the factories and brand. After that Tinkov did a deal to sell nad lease back the premises of the "Tinkoff" restaurants to the management company "" for about $10–12 million. Finally in 2008–2009 the restaurants themselves were acquired by "Mint Capital" equity fund.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: On November 18, 2005, on Necker Island, owned by billionaire Richard Branson, Oleg Tinkov presented a draft or his proposal for a future bank. In 2006 he acquired the Moscow "Himmashbank" and based on it created an online bank, which was a first in Russia. Despite setbacks in attracting investment at the start of the project, during the crisis of 2008 the bank showed a 50-fold increase in profits.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: "Tinkoff Credit Systems" reduced costs at the expense of marketing which was non-standard for the banking sector and the widespread use of computer processing of the data instead of human labor. For a long time the bank did not attract deposits and used its own capital for lending.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: Tinkoff's technology platform played a major role in its growth. The IPO of the bank was listed as one of the largest deals in the 2013 Russian version of Forbes; Tinkov doubled his fortune and took position 1210 in the world ranking of billionaires. On 14 October 2013, TCS had its IPO and several days later Oleg Tinkov renounced his United States citizenship.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: In the beginning of 2015 "Tinkoff Credit Systems" changed its name to "Tinkoff Bank". The simpler and more concise name was intended to better reflect the full range of financial institution services.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: In December 2020, Tinkov sold 5.3% of TCS Group for $325 million, reducing his stake to 35%. He announced his intention to spend part of this money ($200 million) to create a fund for the study of leukemia.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: In January 2021, his remaining shares were converted from class B to class A. As a result, the Tinkov family's voting rights in the group decreased from 84% to 35%.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: In February 2022, sanctions imposed on Russia as a result of their 2022 invasion of Ukraine heavily impacted the ruble and Tinkoff's shares crashed. Tinkov lost the majority of his net worth, retaining under $1 billion.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: Tinkov is passionate about road cycling and has the title of candidate in master of sports of the USSR. In 2005, he created a professional cycling team "Tinkoff Restaurants", which later changed its name to "Tinkoff Credit Systems" and became the basis for the "Katyusha" team. From December 2013 to November 2016 he owned the cycling team "Tinkoff".


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: The Tinkoff Restaurants cycling team under command of coach became historically the third Russian professional team. At the time of its appearance it was the only one in Russia. The team was launched in January 2006 at the headquarters at Kutzetnov's Spanish villa. It was composed of members of the Russian national Track cycling team, including Mikhail Ignatiev, Nikolay Trusov, Alexander Serov, Sergey Klimov, Pavel Brutt and Ivan Rovny. Airline "Siberia" was the joint team sponsorand the team's annual budget was $4 million.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: In the 2006 season the team riders won first place in the team pursuit at the Track Cycling World Cup in Los Angeles, and Pavel Brutt won the Tour of Greece and the Cinturón a Mallorca.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: "Tinkoff Credit Systems" was founded in the 2007 season on the basis of Tinkoff Restaurants, but with an Italian management and registration. UCI Professional Continental license allowed athletes to participate in all the major European races. The new line-up had a higher number of foreign athletes and the captain was an American Tyler Hamilton.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: Successful performances of the team, including these at the stages of the Giro d'Italia in 2008, attracted the attention of former cyclist Igor Makarov, an owner of "Itera" corporation. At his initiative and under the sponsorship of "Gazprom" and "Rostekhnologii" based on the "Tinkoff Credit Systems" Russian team "Katyusha" was established.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: In December 2013 Tinkov, through the management company Tinkoff Sport A/C bought a team from the former cyclist Bjarne Riis. "Tinkoff Credit Systems" sponsored this team from 2012 on.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: Tinkov takes part in training alongside the team's athletes and travels to competitions. In honor of Contador's victory in the 2015 Giro d'Italia he painted his hair pink.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: Tinkov has repeatedly criticized the bureaucratization of professional cycling and its "outdated" sponsorship model. He became one of the shareholders of the project "Velon" – World Tour Team initiative for the development of professional cycling, organizing more spectacular events, protecting the interests of sponsors and team owners. Tinkoff also stands for Grand Tour schedule, which will enable the strongest riders to perform at each of them during the season. In 2014, he offered the captain "Tinkoff-Saxo" Alberto Contador and his rivals Chris Froome, who rode for "Sky Procycling" and Vincenzo Nibali of the Astana Pro Team 1 million euros each for performing in all three of the world's major stage races.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: Since 2016 the cycling team races under the name "Tinkoff", as "Saxo Bank" decided not to renew sponsorship past 2015. At the end of 2015 Tinov announced that by the end of the 2016 season he would leave cycling and sell the team. As the sole title sponsor of the team, Tinkov was spending about 20 million euros on it per year, and during his sponsorship invested about 50 million euros in it together with the bank. In addition to the increased financial burden, among the reasons he mentioned were thelack of potential for bank-branding, losses for the cycling teams, the absence of reforms in the sport, as well as the long-running conflict between the Union Cycliste Internationale and Amaury Sport Organisation. In its last season the team finished in second place and was finally disbanded in November 2016.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: Among Tinkov's property is a personal aircraft Dassault Falcon 7X with the bank's logo on the tail. In September 2015 Tinkov announced that he would invest 250 million rubles in the construction of a hotel and recreational complex in the Elizovo district on Kamchatka, where he often stayed. It was assumed that the launch would happen in the fourth quarter of the following year. In January 2016 it became known that he had abandoned the project because of opposition from local officials and instead invested in the French Alps. In June of the same year he opened two Tinkoff luxurious chalets called "La Datcha": one in the ski resort of Courchevel and the second – in Val Thorens. In 2017 and 2018 there were to be new homes in Forte dei Marmi and Astrakhan. On 3 July 2020 in Vlissingen (Netherlands) the world's first private icebreaker yacht was launched by Tinkov. The 77 m vessel (also called La Datcha) cost €100 million. It features an icebreaker-class hull, is polar code compliant and offers accommodation for 12 guests. The yacht was available for weekly charters for most of the year.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: In 2017, Tinkov renounced his American citizenship. Tinkov is one of many Russian oligarchs named in the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act, CAATSA, signed into law by President Donald Trump in 2017.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: From 2007 to 2010, Tinkov was a columnist for . Since 2010, the chief editor of the magazine Oleg Anisimov went on to work at "Tinkoff Bank" and worked with him on the TV show "Business secrets with Oleg Tinkoff" at the online channel "Russia.ru". An interview with Mikhail Fridman in October 2015 restarted production of "Business secrets" after a two-year break.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: Tinkov has Facebook and Twitter accounts. His manner of communication is considered provocative and often leads to disputes and mutual insults.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: Tinkov wrote two books summarizing his entrepreneurial experience: "I am like everyone" () which was published in 2010 and "How to become a businessman" (), published a year later.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: In order to promote the brand "Tinkoff" a story of Porphyry Tinkoff, an ancestor and a brewer, who supplied beer to the imperial court since 1759, was invented. According to legend, the page mentioning him, was found by Oleg Tinkov in "Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary". The fake page was presented in the with a proposal to memorialize the Tinkoff family line in the street name. Officials did not notice the fraud and agreed to the company's proposal; on 7 July 2003 Tinkoff Lane appeared in Pushkin, Saint Petersburg.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: On August 8, 2017, the YouTube channel NEMAGIA published a review dedicated to Tinkov and Tinkoff Bank. The video caused a significant resonance in the web. Shortly after its release, on August 28, 2017, Oleg Tinkov filed a lawsuit with the Kemerovo District Court for the protection of honor, dignity and business reputation. By a court decision on September 4, Roskomnadzor ordered bloggers to remove the video criticizing Tinkov's activities. On September 12, searches were conducted at the co-author of Nemagia, Alexei Pskovitin, and his computer equipment was confiscated. Police strength's workers specially flew to Kemerovo from Moscow. Many Russian bloggers came out in support of NEMAGIA. On September 26, Tinkov withdrew claims against video bloggers from "Nemagia". The criminal case against NEMAGIA was dropped.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: In May 2022, Russian businessman Oleg Deripaska filed a lawsuit against Tinkov. The reason was a comment on Instagram, where Tinkov called Deripaska "an oligarch and a thief." The co-respondent is the owner of Instagram - the Meta company. The amount of the claim is 2 billion rubles. Hearings began on August 16 in the district court of Ust-Labinsk in the Krasnodar Krai. Later, the claim was transferred to the Arbitration Court of the Moscow Region.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: On February 27, 2020, Tinkoff Credit Systems Group Holding PLC (TCSGH) announced that Tinkov was attending court hearings initiated in London by the US Internal Revenue Service. No details were disclosed. Two days later, on March 1, 2020, The Daily Express published an article claiming that Tinkov paid £20m bail to avoid being held in jail until an extradition hearing was due to take place in April. The article also stated the terms of his release required him to surrender his passports and be confined to his residence for 12 hours per day. The following day, on March 2, 2020, TCSGH released a statement confirming the details of The Daily Express article. An indictment issued on September 26, 2019, by a federal grand jury was unsealed on March 5 following Tinkov's arrest in London. The indictment alleged that Tinkov concealed $1 billion in assets and income when renouncing his U.S. citizenship. The indictment charged Tinkov with two counts of tax fraud, each carrying a potential 3-year prison term. In October 2021, Oleg Tinkov settled tax claims on the premise of paying at least 506.8 million dollars, including 248.5 million dollars of unpaid taxes, without going to jail, according to US Department of Justice.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: On March 6, 2020, the day after the indictment was unsealed, Tinkov announced he was fighting acute leukemia that had been diagnosed in October 2019. It was reported that Tinkov had already undergone chemotherapy, and that his silence was associated with his declining health. After an announcement by his representatives, the shares of TCS Group, which included Tinkov on its board of directors, fell almost 25% on the Moscow Exchange.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: On December 18, 2020, Tinkov reported that his last analysis after a bone marrow transplant showed complete remission from cancer "at the molecular level". Oleg Tinkov visited the donor who saved his life, he could not hold back tears and even knelt in front of the woman.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: In December 2020 Tinkov announced that he and his family are planning to establish a charity fund to help leukemia sufferers. The Tinkov Family Foundation (TFF) was registered in 2021. Its tasks were to promote donorship, create a national register for bone marrow stem cells, build transplantation centers in remote regions of Russia and offer training programs to haematologists. Oleg Tinkov invested more than $200 mln of his own money to the Fund. On August 19 TFF announced a new strategic partnership with Leukemia Foundation. It offered financial support for research, operations, and purchase of medicine. In October 2021 it also announced giving 400 mln roubles for a project that in 3 years should treat more than 900 patients with leukemia.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: Tinkov has been critical of Vladimir Putin, in particular with regard to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Tinkov wrote on his Instagram page, on 19 April 2022, in Russian: "The generals, waking up with a hangover, realized that they had a shit army", "I don't see a single beneficiary of this crazy war! Innocent people and soldiers are dying", "Of course there are morons who draw Z, but 10% of any country are morons. 90% of Russians are AGAINST this war!" and "Kremlin officials are shocked that neither they or their children will be off to the Mediterranean in the summer. Businessmen are trying to save the rest of their property." Finally, he wrote in English: "Dear 'collective West' please give Mr. Putin a clear exit to save his face and stop this massacre. Please be more rational and humanitarian."


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: On the next day after the first post with critics of the war in Ukraine Tinkov said his executives were contacted by the presidential administration with a demand to sell his 35% stake, otherwise the bank would be nationalized. Tinkov says he was offered a price of about 3% from the real value of his share.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: On 3 May 2022, Tinkov wrote: "I'm taking the Tinkoff and La Datcha brands out of the country. They belong to my family: I don't want to besmirch them with the blood of Russian soldiers and the citizens of Ukraine. Ukraine will win because good always wins over evil— we were taught that at school."


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: On 1 November 2022, he renounced his Russian citizenship. Tinkov had instructed lawyers to begin the process of removing his name from Tinkoff bank.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: In March 2022, the UK government-imposed sanctions against Tinkov. As stated in the document, Tinkov was accused of "receiving benefits from the Russian government or its support" because he owned and controlled financial sector enterprises of "strategic importance" to the state. Tinkov's yachts, ships and planes were denied access to British ports and airports, though he was not banned from entering the country.


title: Oleg Tinkov

text: Forbes and Forbes Russia do not consider Oleg Tinkov to be an oligarch, despite him having been sanctioned: "Tinkov is not an oligarch because he built an independent fortune without ties to the Russian government under either Boris Yeltsin or Vladimir Putin".


title: Al Naslaa

text: The Al Naslaa rock is a landform 50 km south of the Tayma oasis in Saudi Arabia. It is split down the middle into two parts, both balanced on small pedestals. The overall shape of the rock may be due to wind erosion and chemical weathering that could have been possible due to the moist conditions in the protected underside of the rock. It is split in two by what could be a joint, although the probability of it being that is questionable.


title: Al Naslaa

text: The rock is about 6 metres high and 9 metres wide, and is covered on its south-east face with numerous petroglyphs.


title: The Amazing Race 1

text: The Amazing Race 1 (originally broadcast under the name "The Amazing Race") is the first season of the American reality television series, "The Amazing Race". It debuted on September 5, 2001, on CBS and ended its run on December 13, 2001. It featured eleven teams of two as they competed in a race around the world.


title: The Amazing Race 1

text: Lawyers and best friends Rob Frisbee and Brennan Swain were the winners, while separated parents Frank and Margarita Mesa finished in second place, and life partners Joe Baldassare and Bill Bartek finished in third.


title: The Amazing Race 1

text: In December 2000, CBS announced that it was set to produce a new reality show entitled "CBS Summer Global Adventure Series", which would feature eight teams of two traveling to eleven international locations to win US$1 million. Location scouting for the race course took place in January 2001. The first season of "The Amazing Race" traveled in 39 days, spanning four continents and nine countries. The season was hit with multiple filming delays, including an airport strike in Rome and a sandstorm in Tunisia, the latter of which forced teams to begin Leg 6 in Gabès rather than the original Saharan desert pit stop. The top of the World Trade Center was considered as the finish location for the season but was changed to Flushing Meadows Park after production was unable to secure needed permits.


title: The Amazing Race 1

text: Multiple aspects of filming were unique to the first season of the series. Host Phil Keoghan handed out clues at the beginning of some legs and only greeted the last-place team at each pit stop; all other teams were greeted and informed of their placements by local representatives. Each leg's pit stop mat featured a localized design, while subsequent seasons have used a single design.


title: The Amazing Race 1

text: "The Amazing Race" was designed so that the final three teams would all reach the finish line. However, Joe & Bill were so far behind that they could not catch up and did not finish the competition. They were still completing Leg 12 in Alaska while Rob & Brennan and Frank & Margarita were crossing the finish line in New York City.


title: The Amazing Race 1

text: Kevin & Drew made an appearance in "", handing out clues from a hot dog stand in New York City. Kevin & Drew and Joe & Bill returned for the first All-Stars season. Frank Mesa made an appearance at the starting line of season 25. Rob & Brennan made an appearance at the starting line of season 27.


title: The Amazing Race 1

text: The following teams are listed with their placements in each episode. Placements are listed in finishing order.


title: The Amazing Race 1

text: Season 1 was not particularly a ratings success as the series premiered six days prior to the September 11 attacks, after which interest in foreign travel waned and viewership fell correspondingly. The show was further hindered by the lack of media coverage and promotion as networks focused on news stories and more patriotic programming. Additionally, the show premiered and competed in the same time slot as with NBC's short-lived "Lost", another travel reality game show with a similar premise. The show did just well enough to earn a second season, which aired the following spring.


title: The Amazing Race 1

text: Despite the lower than expected ratings, "The Amazing Race 1" received positive reviews. Linda Holmes of "Television Without Pity" wrote that she "was flat-out hooked for thirteen weeks, and the ending managed not to disappoint, which almost never happens." Matt Roush of "TV Guide" called this season "TV's best reality show". Allan Johnson of the "Chicago Tribune" called the first season "a satisfying race around the world". In 2016, this season was ranked 5th out of the first 27 seasons by the "Rob Has a Podcast Amazing Race" correspondents. Kareem Gantt of "Screen Rant" wrote that this season "had a great cast, truly awesome locations, and challenges that kept the viewer on the edge". In 2021, Jane Andrews of Gossip Cop ranked this season as the fourth best. In 2022, Jason Shomer of Collider ranked this season among the show's top seven seasons. In 2022, Rhenn Taguiam of Game Rant ranked this season as the overall best season.