title: Harold Robbins

text: In July 1989, Robbins was involved in a literary controversy when the trade periodical "Publishers Weekly" revealed that around four pages from Robbins' novel "The Pirate" (1974) had been lifted without permission and integrated into Kathy Acker's novel "The Adult Life of Toulouse Lautrec" (1975), which had recently been re-published in the UK in a selection of early works by Acker titled "Young Lust" (1989). After Paul Gitlin saw the exposé in "Publishers Weekly", he informed Robbins' UK publisher, Hodder & Stoughton, who requested that Acker's publisher Unwin Hyman withdraw and pulp "Young Lust". Representatives for the novelist explained that Acker was well known for her deliberate use of literary appropriation—or bricolage, a postmodern technique akin to plagiarism in which fragments of pre-existing works are combined along with original writings to create new literary works. After an intervention by William S. Burroughs—a novelist who used appropriation in his own works of the 1960s—Robbins issued a statement to give Acker retroactive permission to appropriate from his work, avoiding legal action on his publisher's part.


title: Harold Robbins

text: Since his death, several new books have been published, written by ghostwriters and based on Robbins's own notes and unfinished stories. In several of these books, Junius Podrug has been credited as co-writer.


title: Harold Robbins

text: Robbins is mentioned by name in "" by Admiral James T. Kirk; his first officer Spock mentions that Robbins was one of the 20th century "giants" of literature. Robbins is also mentioned by name by Basil Fawlty in the "Fawlty Towers" episode "Waldorf Salad"; he refers to Robbins' work as "transatlantic tripe". The band Squeeze mentions "a Harold Robbins paperback" in their song "Pulling Mussels (From The Shell)". In Roger Corman's 1970 post-apocalyptic "Gas! -Or- It Became Necessary to Destroy the World in Order to Save It.", a young couple uses a public library's copies of the collected works of Jacqueline Susann (who took inspiration from Robbins in writing her first novel in "Valley of the Dolls") as kindling after the woman's initial objection to burning library books to keep warm. She says, "OK, but what if we run out?" Her boyfriend says, "Don't worry, there's an entire shelf full of Harold Robbins."


title: Harold Robbins

text: Robbins was married three times, first to his high school sweetheart, Lillian Machnivitz. In 1965 he wed Grace Palermo, who went on to pen an account of her life with Robbins in 2013. Divorced in the early 1990s, Robbins married Jann Stapp in 1992; they remained together until his death.


title: Harold Robbins

text: He spent a great deal of time on the French Riviera and at Monte Carlo until his death from respiratory heart failure, at the age of 81 in Palm Springs, California. His cremated remains are interred at Forest Lawn Cemetery in Cathedral City. Robbins has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6743 Hollywood Boulevard.


title: Harold Robbins

text: Works bearing Robbins name continued to appear after his death. The earliest three posthumous Harold Robbins novels ("The Predators" (1998), "The Secret" (2000) and "Never Enough" (2001) are generally thought to have been completed by ghostwriters, but may have been partially or even substantially based on completed work or notes written by Robbins. Junius Podrug has been identified as the uncredited ghostwriter of "Sin City" (2002) and "Heat of Passion" (2003). From 2004-2011, a series of novels credited to Harold Robbins and Junius Podrug appeared, although they are strictly the work of Podrug, writing in Robbins' style.


title: KTM 1290 Super Duke R

text: The KTM 1290 Super Duke R is a 1301 cc 75° V-twin engine, naked motorcycle from the Austrian manufacturer KTM. With the update in 2017 the motor is the most powerful LC8 engine ever built by KTM.


title: KTM 1290 Super Duke R

text: The KTM 1290 Super Duke R is a naked bike. The 2014–2016 models suspension was considered to be too soft but the 2017 update has addressed this with stiffer springs. The 2016 model had compression ratio of 13.2:1 and 2017 model has increased compression ratio to 13.6:1. The 2017 model comes with Cruise control as standard and has upgraded electronics such as lean angle sensitive traction control, ride by wire, and optional track mode along with previous model's cornering ABS, quickshifter, riding modes etc.


title: KTM 1290 Super Duke R

text: For 2014 model, it had acceleration of 0–60 mph in 2.6 seconds, 0–124 mph in 7.2 seconds, braking distance of 99.1 feet from 60–0 mph with ABS, and 138.5 feet from 60–0 mph without ABS. The 2014 model produces maximum of 180 hp and 106 lb-ft of torque.


title: KTM 1290 Super Duke R

text: For the 2017 year model update, the engine and throttle response have become smoother and now produces 177 hp.


title: KTM 1290 Super Duke R

text: The KTM 1290 Super Duke commonly rivals Suzuki B-King, EBR 1190SX, BMW S1000R,Triumph Speed Triple R, Yamaha MT-10, Ducati Monster 1200S/R, Ducati Streetfighter S, and Aprilia Tuono.


title: Iron Bowl

text: The Alabama–Auburn football rivalry, better known as the Iron Bowl, is an American college football rivalry game between the Auburn University Tigers and University of Alabama Crimson Tide, both charter members of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and both teams located in the state of Alabama. The series is considered one of the most important football rivalries in American sports. The rivalry, which started in 1893, was played for many years at Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. In the early 20th Century, Birmingham was the leading industrial city of the South, rivaling Pittsburgh in the production of pig iron, coke, coal and the manufacture of steel. Thus, the term "Iron Bowl" came to represent the rivalry. Auburn Coach Ralph "Shug" Jordan is credited with actually coining it—when asked by reporters in 1964 how he would deal with the disappointment of not taking his team to a bowl game, he responded, "We've got our bowl game. We have it every year. It's the Iron Bowl in Birmingham."


title: Iron Bowl

text: Alabama has a winning record against every Southeastern Conference team and leads the series with Auburn 49–37–1. The game was traditionally played on Thanksgiving weekend, but in 1993, the schools agreed to move the game up to the week before Thanksgiving to give themselves a bye for a potential SEC Championship Game berth. In 2007 the conference voted to disallow any team from having a bye before the league championship game, returning the game to its traditional Thanksgiving weekend spot.


title: Iron Bowl

text: The rivalry has long been one of the most heated collegiate rivalries in the country. It is all the more heated because the two schools have been among the nation's elite teams for most of the time since the 1950s. Together, they account for 36 SEC titles, 28 by Alabama and eight by Auburn. Both are among the most successful programs in major college football history; Alabama is second in all-time total wins among Division I FBS schools while Auburn is 13th. The two schools have been fixtures on national television since the late 1970s; the only time since then that the season-ending clash has not been nationally televised was in 1993, when Auburn was barred from live TV due to NCAA sanctions.


title: Iron Bowl

text: For much of the 20th century, the game was played every year in Birmingham, with Alabama winning 34 games and Auburn 19. Four games were played in Montgomery, Alabama, with each team winning two. Since 1999, the games have been played at Jordan–Hare Stadium in Auburn every odd-numbered year and at Bryant–Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa every even-numbered year.


title: Iron Bowl

text: The contest became the extension of a bitter political debate which took place in the Alabama State Legislature regarding the location of the new land-grant college under the state's application under the Morrill Land Grant Act of 1862 during the Civil War Reconstruction Era. The state legislature, influenced by a heavy contingent of representatives who were University of Alabama alumni, pushed to sell the land scripts of 240,000 acres acquired from the Morrill Act or have any new land holdings held in conjunction with the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa. The debate lasted over four years, until Lee County and the City of Auburn won the location of the new university in 1872, after donating more than a hundred acres and the remaining buildings and property of the East Alabama Male College. At the time of the Auburn decision the state legislature and governorship was controlled by Radical Republicans such as "Scalawag" Southern Republicans and Freedman African-Americans. By 1874, former Confederate and "Redeemer" forces from the Democratic Party gradually overturned the Radicals' control of the Alabama state legislature. The Democrats then attempted to overturn most legislation passed during the Reconstruction Period, including the founding of the new land-grant college at Auburn.


title: Iron Bowl

text: During the 1870s, Auburn (then named the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Alabama) which received no appropriated funds from the state, was on the edge of financial collapse. Collapse of Auburn meant that the University of Alabama could assume the remaining land scripts, thus profiting from the closure of the new land-grant college. The University of Alabama remained closed till 1871 following the Civil War, during which it was partially destroyed by Union forces.. "By 1877, competition between the University of Alabama and the Agricultural & Mechanical College for patronage had intensified. In January, Auburn President Isaac Tichenor reported to the board of trustees that Alabama had reduced its tuition and lowered its graduation standards. Tichenor responded by requesting that the board drop tuition and create a boarding department to further lower expenses." The University of Alabama had developed a reciprocal interest in the Alabama Coal Operators Association along with their “Big Mule” allies with vast timber holdings across the Black Belt of Alabama.


title: Iron Bowl

text: Alabama and Auburn played their first football game in Lakeview Park in Birmingham, Alabama, on February 22, 1893. Auburn won 32–22, before an estimated crowd of 5,000. Alabama considered the game to be the final matchup of the 1892 season while Auburn recorded it as the first matchup of 1893.


title: Iron Bowl

text: In 1902, a bill was introduced into both houses of the U.S. Congress to fund the creation of a "School of Mines and Mining Engineering" at each land-grant college. Under the provision of the bill, each participating land-grant college would receive $5,000 annually with $500 each additional year for 10 years. The University of Alabama secretly sent Professor Dr. Eugene Smith to lobby against passage of the bill or to amend the bill to allow other universities to participate in the federal program. Auburn responded by sending Professor C.C. Thach to D.C. to lobby with the Association of Land-Grant Colleges for a compromise to allow passage of the bill. The bill would later fail to receive passage.


title: Iron Bowl

text: During the 1907 state legislature session, a debate surfaced to move the land-grant college from Auburn to Birmingham.


title: Iron Bowl

text: One constant during the rivalry hiatus was Auburn’s Coach Mike Donahue. Donahue became a fixture at Auburn, coaching football from 1904 to 1922 along with basketball from 1905 to 1921 while also ascending to the position of Athletic Director. The first basketball game between Auburn and Alabama was by chance occurring in 1924 in the Southern Conference Tournament. This would be the only basketball matchup till 1941 which again was by chance in another conference tournament.


title: Iron Bowl

text: During the 1930s and into the 1940s while the football rivalry was in hiatus, Auburn under the leadership of President Duncan, became the administrative home for several New Deal agencies: the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, the Soil Conservation Service, and the Resettlement Administration. The federal Government funding flowing into Auburn soon drew the ire of the University of Alabama trustees and their partisans in the Alabama Legislature. President Duncan was able to influence the placement of these agencies at Auburn due to his support for Governor Bibb Graves.


title: Iron Bowl

text: Both the president and the governor supported the New Deal faction of the Democratic Party in Alabama. Graves was well connected in Washington D.C. with President Franklin D. Roosevelt and often lobbied in D.C. on "plum-tree-shaking expeditions". Meanwhile, Duncan with his connections in the Alabama Farm Bureau and as the director of the Extension Service exercised great control over the organized farm vote. By the mid 1940s, the Democratic Party was splintering in Alabama, with the rise of the Dixiecrats and those who remained loyal to the national party. One of the most outspoken critics of Auburn was publisher Harry Ayers, who would later endorse Harry Truman in 1945. In 1940 Duncan had successfully opposed Ayers' candidacy as a delegate to the Democratic National Convention, which deeply offended the publisher. The Anniston editor had been a long-time advocate of consolidating Auburn and Alabama, "so that Auburn would become the dangling tail of a Tuscaloosa kite". In August, 1942, President Duncan wrote to Raymond Paty, the newly appointed president of the University of Alabama, that the relationship between their two schools was "of such magnitude and gravity" that he had given the question more attention than any other problem he faced as president. He urged Paty that Auburn and Alabama should agree upon a funding formula that would give each institution the same appropriation per in-state student, an idea which worked against the University of Alabama's self-image as the state's capstone university.


title: Iron Bowl

text: During a 1945 legislative session, the University of Alabama's report to the commission (Alabama Educational Survey Commission) argued that the Tuscaloosa school had well-established and broad responsibilities for higher education in the state. Four times in Alabama history, higher education responsibilities had been delegated to other institutions. In three of the four cases, this occurred under a state government established during the Reconstruction period: creation of the normal schools, higher education for blacks, and establishment of the land-grant college at Auburn. The fourth case was the state women's college at Montevallo. In each case, this was argued to have resulted from "the illogic inherent in the evolution of a democratic government". The Alabama report drew a sharp response from then Auburn President Luther Duncan, who said that he had never seen "a bolder, more deliberate, more vicious, or more deceptive document". He predicted that if the friends of Auburn and Montevallo did not rise up to combat "this evil monster", it would consume them "just like the doctrine of Hitler". Duncan also remarked that according to Alabama, "Auburn is the illegitimate children... born out of the misery of the Reconstruction period."


title: Iron Bowl

text: By 1945, with the end of World War II, the GI Bill had inundated Auburn (then officially named the Alabama Polytechnic Institute), with students—doubling enrollment twice between 1944 and 1948. With the increased enrollment, it was now obvious that Auburn would never "become so weak that... it could be absorbed" by the University of Alabama.


title: Iron Bowl

text: In March 1947, the Auburn Board of Trustees, with Governor Jim Folsom in attendance, unanimously approved the following resolution, "Whereas, The Alabama Polytechnic Institute and the University of Alabama are important educational institutions of the State of Alabama and are maintained and operated by the people of the State; and Whereas, many years ago athletic relationship between the Alabama Polytechnic Institute and the University of Alabama was discontinued; and Whereas, intercollegiate rivalry between the two institutions would be conducive to a better understanding among students of both schools and would tend to promote interest in athletic engagements in Alabama, therefore Be It Resolved by the Board of Trustees of Alabama Polytechnic Institute in meeting assembled, that the President of the Alabama Polytechnic Institute, through its Athletic Director, make necessary negotiation with the Director of Athletics of the University of Alabama to resume athletic competition between the two institutions at the earliest possible date, and that a copy of this resolution be furnished to the President and Athletic Director of the University of Alabama." The Governor then suggested that the game be played not later than the first Saturday in December 1947.


title: Iron Bowl

text: Also during 1947, the Alabama House of Representatives passed a resolution encouraging both universities to "make possible the inauguration of a full athletic program between the two schools". But the resolution did not have the effect of law, the schools still could not agree, the Legislature threatened to withhold state funding. In April 1948, Alabama president John Gallalee and Auburn president Ralph B. Draughon met and agreed to renew the series in 1948 and for the following 1949 season.


title: Iron Bowl

text: It was agreed that the games would be played as a neutral site series in Birmingham. Legion Field held 47,000 fans in 1948, dwarfing both Tuscaloosa's Denny Stadium (31,000) and Auburn Stadium (15,000; expanded to 21,500 and renamed Cliff Hare Stadium in 1949). Also it is believed Alabama refused to travel to Auburn, citing poor roads and the small size of Hare Stadium. Alabama was joined in this sentiment by the Tennessee Volunteers (who refused to play in Auburn until 1974) and Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets (who did not travel to Auburn from 1900 to 1970). Auburn played its last home game at Legion Field, outside of the Iron Bowl, in 1978 against Tennessee.


title: Iron Bowl

text: Between 1969 and 1987, Auburn made additions to Jordan–Hare Stadium until it eclipsed Legion Field in size. Auburn was in the process of expanding Jordan-Hare Stadium from 72,169 seats to 85,214 for the 1987 season, almost 10,000 more than Legion Field. had a capacity of 75,808. (Alabama's Bryant-Denny Stadium then seated a little over 60,000, but expanded to 70,123 in 1988.) By this time, Auburn fans began feeling chagrin at playing all Iron Bowl games at Legion Field. Despite the equal allotment of tickets, Auburn fans insisted that Legion Field was not a neutral site. This, despite the fact that Auburn played many of their most important rivalry games in Birmingham for most of the 20th century (among those were Georgia Tech and Tennessee). Auburn's perceived feeling of chagrin was more a business decision than a real reason of Legion Field not truly being neutral. While was Legion Field just 45 minutes east of Tuscaloosa, the stadium had long been associated with Alabama football in Auburn's eyes. Well into the 1980s, Alabama played most of its important games in Birmingham—most of Alabama's "home" football history from the 1920s to the 1980s actually took place at Legion Field. For this reason, Auburn began lobbying to make the Iron Bowl a "home-and-home" series. When Pat Dye became Auburn's head football coach and athletics director in 1981, he met with his longtime mentor, Alabama head coach and athletic director Paul "Bear" Bryant. Dye recalled that at that meeting, "the first thing he said to me, very first thing, he said, 'Well, I guess you're going to want to take that game to Auburn.'" Dye confirmed that hunch, saying, "We're going to take it to Auburn." When Bryant noted that the schools' contract with Legion Field ran through 1988, Dye replied, "Well, we'll play 89 in Auburn." Although Auburn would have possibly been within its rights to move its home games to Jordan-Hare before then, Dye knew that Bryant was adamantly opposed to playing "any" Iron Bowl games in Auburn. He knew Bryant's standing in the state was such that it would be folly to attempt making the Iron Bowl a home-and-home series as long as Bryant was still alive.


title: Iron Bowl

text: In the late 80s, the schools agreed that Auburn could play their home games for the Iron Bowl at Jordan-Hare starting in 1989 (with the exception of 1991) and Alabama would continue to play its "home" games at Legion Field. On December 2, 1989, Alabama came to "the Plains" for the first time ever as a sellout crowd witnessed Auburn win its first true "home" game of the series, 30–20 over an Alabama team that entered the game undefeated and ranked No.2 in the country.


title: Iron Bowl

text: Alabama continued to hold its home games for the rivalry at Legion Field. In 1998, Alabama expanded Bryant–Denny Stadium to a capacity of 83,818, narrowly eclipsing Legion Field. Alabama moved their home games in the series to Bryant–Denny Stadium in 2000. That year, Auburn came to Tuscaloosa for the first time since 1901 and won in a defensive struggle, 9–0. A new attendance record for the Iron Bowl was set in 2006 as the latest expansion to Bryant–Denny Stadium increased its capacity to 92,138. The record was reset again in 2010, after another expansion to Alabama's Bryant–Denny Stadium, when a crowd of 101,821 witnessed a 28–27 Auburn victory.


title: Iron Bowl

text: In 2009 and 2010 CBS Sports and the two universities arranged to have the game played in an exclusive time slot on the Friday following Thanksgiving. The 2009 game was the sixth Iron Bowl to be played on a Friday and the first one in 21 years. CBS did not attempt to renew the agreement after 2010 due to criticism from both fan bases, returning the game to its traditional Saturday date. Although CBS has broadcast the majority of Iron Bowl games since 1996 through its SEC coverage, ESPN has aired the game several times, from 1995 through 1999, 2003, and 2007. In 2014, CBS's decision to broadcast the Egg Bowl due to a number of factors (which included contractual limits on how many times CBS may feature certain teams, and the larger prominence of the Egg Bowl due to its potential effects on Mississippi State's participation in the College Football Playoff) resulted in ESPN broadcasting the first Iron Bowl played in primetime since 2007.


title: Iron Bowl

text: The Foy–ODK Trophy is named after James E. Foy, a former dean of student affairs at both schools, and Omicron Delta Kappa, an honor society on both campuses since the 1920s. In 1948 Omicron Delta Kappa fraternity sponsored the purchase of the trophy. The trophy is presented at halftime of the Alabama–Auburn basketball game later in the same academic year at the winner's home court, where the SGA President of the losing football team traditionally sings the winning team's fight song.


title: Iron Bowl

text: February 22, 1893: This was the first meeting between Auburn and Alabama. Auburn beat Alabama in Birmingham 32–22.


title: Iron Bowl

text: 1904: On November 12, Auburn coach Mike Donahue defeated Alabama in his first season, the purpose for his hiring.


title: Iron Bowl

text: 1906: Alabama's star running back Auxford Burks scored all the game's points in a 10–0 victory. Auburn contended that Alabama player T. S. Sims was an illegal player, but the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA) denied the claim. Alabama coach Doc Pollard used a "military shift" never before seen in the south to gain an advantage over Auburn.


title: Iron Bowl

text: 1948: The rivalry resumed after being suspended for 41 years due to issues related to player per diems and officiating. Alabama beat Auburn 55–0 at Legion Field, which remains the largest margin of victory in series history.


title: Iron Bowl

text: 1964: In the first Iron Bowl broadcast on national television, quarterback Joe Namath led Alabama to a 21–14 victory over Auburn.


title: Iron Bowl

text: 1967: This was the first night game in the series. Thunderstorms soaked Legion Field, making the field extremely muddy. The game was frequently stopped to clear raincoats and other wet weather gear from the field. Late in the game, Alabama quarterback Ken Stabler ran 47 yards for a touchdown to give Alabama a 7–3 victory. This run became known in Crimson Tide lore as the "run in the mud".


title: Iron Bowl

text: 1971: Both teams entered the game undefeated and untied for the first time in the series. No. 3 Alabama defeated No. 5 Auburn 31–7 at Legion Field.


title: Iron Bowl

text: 1972: Down 16–3 late in the game, Auburn blocked two punts and returned both for touchdowns, leading to an improbable 17–16 Auburn win and the coining of a new phrase among Auburn fans, "Punt Bama Punt!" In August 2010, ESPN.com ranked this game the 8th most painful outcome in college football history. Alabama would go on to win the next 9 games in a row (1973-1981), known to Auburn fans as the "Reign of Terror".


title: Iron Bowl

text: 1981: Coach Bear Bryant earned his 315th career win after Alabama defeated Auburn 28–17. With the victory, Bryant passed Amos Alonzo Stagg to become the all-time winningest FBS coach at the time. This was the final game in Alabama's nine-game winning streak over Auburn, the longest streak in Iron Bowl history.


title: Iron Bowl

text: 1982: Auburn won 23–22, driving the length of the field in the final two minutes with freshman running back Bo Jackson scoring the winning touchdown. This was Auburn's first Iron Bowl win in ten years and the last to be coached by Bear Bryant, who retired after the season and died exactly 60 days after this game.


title: Iron Bowl

text: 1984: Trailing 17–15 late in the game, Auburn had 4th-and-goal from the one-yard line. Opting to go for it, Auburn called a pitch to running back Brent Fullwood. Running back Bo Jackson, who was supposed to block for Fullwood, ran the wrong direction, allowing the Alabama defense to easily push Fullwood out of bounds short of the goal line to seal the victory.


title: Iron Bowl

text: 1985: "The KICK" Alabama beat Auburn 25–23 on a 52-yard field goal by Van Tiffin as time expired. A close game was elevated by the "epic" fourth quarter "with the teams trading haymakers and the lead changing hands four times." Alabama drove from their own 20-yard-line in the final minute, including a fourth-down flanker reverse to keep the drive alive. As recently as 2015, longtime sports reporter Paul Finebaum remarked, "It’s still the greatest football game I’ve ever seen."


title: Iron Bowl

text: 1989 No. 11 Auburn hosted No. 2 Alabama in the first Iron Bowl game played on Auburn's home field. Auburn won 30–20, ending Alabama's national title hopes, and gave Auburn a share of their third straight conference championship. Alabama coach Bill Curry was tendered a contract after the season that contained no raise and removed his authority to hire and fire assistants, leading to his eventual resignation.


title: Iron Bowl

text: 1993: No. 6 Auburn defeated No. 11 Alabama 22–14 to finish the season undefeated at 11–0. The game, at Jordan Hare Stadium, was not televised due to Auburn's probation but was shown on closed-circuit television before 47,421 fans at Bryant–Denny Stadium.


title: Iron Bowl

text: 1994: Both teams entered the game undefeated for the first time since 1971. No. 4 Alabama defeated No. 6 Auburn 21–14 to win the SEC West.


title: Iron Bowl

text: 1997: "The Fumble" (Auburn 18, Alabama 17) - Alabama fullback Ed Scissum fumbled on a screen pass that was meant to give the underdog Crimson Tide a game-sealing first down. Auburn kicker Jaret Holmes converted a go-ahead 39-yard field goal, and Alabama's last-chance attempt from 57 yards fell well short to give Auburn the SEC Western Division title. Auburn radio announcer Jim Fyffe is remembered by his dramatic call of the game winning field goal "long enough, high enough, It's good! it's good! it's good! it's good! it's good! it's good!"


title: Iron Bowl

text: 2000: In the first Iron Bowl played in Bryant–Denny Stadium and the first played in Tuscaloosa since 1901, Auburn kicked three field goals to beat Alabama 9–0. This would be Mike Dubose's final game as Alabama head coach. It is also to date the last time Alabama has been shut out in any game.


title: Iron Bowl

text: 2005: No. 11 Auburn defeated No. 8 Alabama 28–18 at Jordan-Hare, recording 11 sacks on Alabama quarterback Brodie Croyle, in what came to be known as "The Sack Game" among Auburn fans.


title: Iron Bowl

text: 2007: No. 25 Auburn defeated unranked Alabama 17-10 at Jordan-Hare in the first Iron Bowl for Alabama Coach Nick Saban. The victory marked the sixth in a row for Auburn in the series and cut Alabama's all-time series lead over the Tigers to five games, the closest margin since 1974.


title: Iron Bowl

text: 2008; No. 1 Alabama defeated unranked Auburn 36-0 at Bryant-Denny Stadium in the last game at Auburn for Coach Tommy Tuberville. The victory was the first ever for Alabama over Auburn in Tuscaloosa and snapped a six-game Auburn series winning streak.


title: Iron Bowl

text: 2009: With Auburn leading 21–20 at home in the fourth quarter, the Crimson Tide engineered a 15-play, 79-yard drive that would last over seven minutes of game time. During the drive, Alabama quarterback Greg McElroy completed six consecutive passes, four to wide receiver Julio Jones covering 59 yards. At the Auburn 4-yard line with 1:24 left in the game, McElroy found fullback Roy Upchurch open in the right flat for the winning touchdown. Alabama, led by Heisman Award-winning running back Mark Ingram, won 26-21 and would go on to win the SEC and National Championship to complete a 14-0 undefeated season.


title: Iron Bowl

text: 2010: No. 2 Auburn defeated No. 11 Alabama 28–27 in Tuscaloosa after erasing a 24–0 deficit — the largest comeback win in series history — led by Auburn's Heisman winning quarterback, Cam Newton. "The Camback" preserved Auburn's undefeated season, which eventually resulted in Auburn's second national championship. This is arguably the most contentious meeting in the rivalry's history, with Auburn fans decorating Bear Bryant’s statue with a Cam Newton jersey, and an Alabama fan poisoning the famous oak trees at Toomer’s Corner.


title: Iron Bowl

text: 2013: No. 4 Auburn defeated No. 1 Alabama 34–28. With one second remaining and the game tied 28–28, Alabama's freshman kicker Adam Griffith attempted a 57-yard potential game-winning field goal. The kick fell short, and Auburn cornerback Chris Davis caught the ball at the back of the endzone and returned it 109 yards for the game-winning touchdown as time expired in what became known as the "Kick Six" game. The 2013 Iron Bowl won the ESPY Award for "Best Game" of the year in any sport, and the final play by Davis won the ESPY Award for "Best Play" of the year.


title: Iron Bowl

text: 2017: No. 6 Auburn defeated No. 1 Alabama, 26–14, their largest margin of victory over Alabama since 1969. Despite not winning the SEC Championship or even the Western Division title, the loss did not prevent Alabama from winning the 2017 national championship. Auburn went on to lose to Georgia in the SEC Championship game in Atlanta.


title: Iron Bowl

text: 2018: No. 1 Alabama defeated unranked Auburn 52–21, led by sophomore quarterback Tua Tagovailoa, who passed for 5 touchdowns and ran for one more. It would be the first time that an Alabama player would account for six touchdowns in a single game.


title: Iron Bowl

text: 2019: No. 15 Auburn defeated No. 5 Alabama, 48–45, in a classic back-and-forth match. After losing starting quarterback Tua Tagovailoa to injury a few weeks earlier, sophomore Mac Jones would be asked to step in against the Tigers. Auburn intercepted Jones twice, returning both for touchdowns. Alabama missed a game-tying field goal late in the fourth quarter, but forced an Auburn fourth down on the next possession with just 1:04 remaining on the clock. Auburn lined up in a formation with the punter out wide which confused the defense and led to an Alabama penalty for having too many players on the field. The five-yard penalty gave Auburn a first down and allowed the Tigers to run out the clock. With the loss, Alabama was knocked out of playoff contention for the first time since the creation of the four-team format in 2014. This loss also marked the first time Alabama had two or more regular-season losses since 2010.


title: Iron Bowl

text: 2021: No. 3 Alabama defeated unranked Auburn 24–22 in a four-overtime game. Auburn starting quarterback Bo Nix did not play due to an ankle injury. After allowing seven sacks and committing eleven penalties, Alabama trailed 10–3 with 1:43 remaining. The Tide, led by quarterback Bryce Young, drove 97 yards for a game-tying touchdown to force the first overtime game in Iron Bowl history. (Although the rivalry game had been played 86 times, dating back to 1893, overtime in college football was instituted beginning with bowl games after the 1995 season.)


title: Iron Bowl

text: Since 1893, the Crimson Tide and Tigers have played 87 times. Alabama leads the series 49–37–1. The game has been played in four cities: Auburn, Birmingham, Montgomery, and Tuscaloosa. Alabama leads the series in Birmingham (34–18–1). Auburn leads the series in Auburn (10–6). The series is tied in Montgomery (2–2) and Tuscaloosa (7–7). Alabama leads the series since it was resumed in the modern era in 1948 (45–30). For the first time in the series history, five consecutive Iron Bowl winners went to the BCS National Championship Game: Alabama in 2009, Auburn in 2010, and Alabama again in 2011 and 2012. Auburn also went in 2013, but lost to Florida State. Alabama's 2009 BCS National Championship followed by Auburn's 2010 BCS National Championship marks the first time that two different teams from the same state won consecutive BCS National Championships. One of the teams from this rivalry has gone to the BCS or CFP 12 times in 13 years from 2009 to 2021, with Alabama going 10 times (2009, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021) and winning 6 (2009, 2011, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2020) and Auburn going twice (2010, 2013) and winning once (2010).


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: The North–South Commuter Railway (NSCR), also known as the Clark–Calamba Railway, is a urban rail transit system under construction in the island of Luzon, Philippines. Running from New Clark City in Capas to Calamba, Laguna with 36 stations and four services, the railway was designed to improve connectivity within the Greater Manila Area and will be integrated with the railway network in the region.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: Originally planned in the 1990s, the railway project has had a tumultuous history, being repeatedly halted and restarted due to various reasons. The first proposal was the "Manila–Clark rapid railway" with Spain in the 1990s that was discontinued after disagreements on funding, and during the 2000s, the NorthRail project with China that was discontinued in 2011 due to allegations of overpricing. The current railway line began development in 2013. The project's initial phase was approved in 2015, and construction began in 2019.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: Expected to cost , the line is the most expensive railway transportation project in the country. The entire system is expected to be completed by 2029. Upon its completion, the railway will supersede the existing PNR Metro Commuter Line.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: During the Spanish and American colonial periods, the Manila Railway Company, later the Manila Railroad Company (MRR), operated various local trains between Manila and its neighboring provinces. By the 1920s, trains ran from Tutuban to Naic in Cavite, Pagsanjan in Laguna, Montalban in Rizal, and Bulacan. The network was heavily damaged in the Battle of Manila during World War II, but was mostly reestablished after the war.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: MRR would be succeeded by the Philippine National Railways (PNR) on June 20, 1964. On April 6, 1970, PNR inaugurated the Metro Manila Commuter Service, which started at Manila North Harbor and ended in Biñan station in Laguna. After numerous expansions, the commuter service served thousands of daily riders in its system and had an expansive network in and out of Metro Manila. In 1978, at the request of the Philippine government, the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) conducted a study on the electrification of the commuter service. The plan was made to keep up with the increasing demand for transportation in the region. It called for the replacement of the diesel-run trains and the electrification of the PNR commuter line. Two experts from the Japanese National Railways were sent to conduct the study.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: Services north of Manila started to decline in the 1980s. However, commuter services were briefly extended to Malolos starting in 1990 under the "Metrotren" project but later ceased in 1997. Since then, railway services have been mostly confined to the south, with the contemporary Metro Commuter Line being predominantly aligned to the South Main Line.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: During the 1990s, President Fidel Ramos signed a memorandum of agreement with Juan Carlos I of Spain for the construction of a railway line from Manila to Clark in September 1994. This would be known as the Manila–Clark rapid railway system. On August 24, 1995, North Luzon Railways Corporation (NLRC) was formed as a subsidiary of Bases Conversion and Development Authority (BCDA). The NLRC then entered into an engineering, procurement and construction contract with the Spanish Railways Corporation on February 7, 1996, but the contract was later terminated on August 14, 1998, after the parties disagreed on the source of funding for the project.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: In September 1999, the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) approved the railway project, with the initial phase covering a segment from Caloocan to Calumpit. The source of funding was to be the Obuchi Fund from the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC). Pre-construction activities such as right-of-way clearing and relocation of affected informal settlers began, but a presidential directive later halted the clearing activities and the JBIC loan was not granted.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: Under the presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, a successor to the Manila–Clark rapid railway system, the NorthRail project, an rail line, was conceived. On September 14, 2002, a memorandum of understanding was signed by NorthRail and China National Machinery and Equipment Group (CNMEG) for the project. It was later approved on August 5, 2003. The project was estimated to cost around US$500 million, and the funding was to be covered by a US$400 million loan from the Export–Import Bank of China, and the rest to be shouldered by the government through BCDA and NLRC.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: The project involved the upgrading of the existing single track to an elevated dual-track system, converting the rail gauge from narrow gauge to standard gauge, and linking Manila to Malolos in Bulacan and further on to Angeles City, Clark Special Economic Zone and Clark International Airport. The first phase of the project covered the Caloocan to Malolos segment, which spans . Before construction could start, the Philippine Senate raised concerns about alleged corruption in the project. Senator Franklin Drilon commissioned a study from the University of the Philippines, which recommended the cancellation of the railway's construction, citing anomalies in the bidding process and the Buyer Credit Loan Agreement (BCLA) with Exim China. Despite the controversy, preparatory construction began in early November 2006. Civil and design works started in October 2007. Due to delays in the construction work, it was soon renegotiated with the Chinese government. Construction temporarily continued in January 2009 with the support of the North Luzon Railways Corporation.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: However, the NorthRail project would be formally cancelled in March 2011, due to persisting legal issues and allegations of overpricing and corruption. Nonetheless, on September 2011, the government expressed its interest to restart the project with Interior and Local Government Secretary Mar Roxas stating that China was open to reconfiguring the project. NEDA Director-General Arsenio Balisacan also stated that NorthRail would resume within the term of President Benigno Aquino III, but despite the announcement the NorthRail project was permanently scrapped and replaced with the NSCR project, although the Philippine government was still obligated to pay the corresponding loans. In March 2012, the Philippine Supreme Court authorized a lower court to hear the case for voiding the contract. Instead of paying the US$184 million owed by the government in 2012, the Department of Finance was to pay the Export-Import Bank of China four installments of US$46 million from September 2012 onwards. On November 6, 2017, DOTr, BCDA, and North Luzon Railways reached an out-of-court settlement with Sinomach (formerly CNMEG), resolving the five-year dispute. It saved the government in potential payment of claims to Sinomach, and hundreds of millions of pesos in legal fees and arbitration costs.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: With the termination of the NorthRail project, the Department of Transportation and Communications considered restarting the project by commissioning a feasibility study by CPCS Transcom Ltd. of Canada. Part of the study examined having a Malolos–Tutuban–Calamba–Los Baños commuter line. The feasibility study was still ongoing when the NEDA included the North–South Commuter Railway in the Metro Manila Dream Plan, which it approved in 2014.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: The plan for the NSCR, a component of the North–South Railway Project, included the NSCR Phase 1, an electrified narrow gauge commuter railway from Tutuban to Malolos and funded through overseas development assistance; and the second phase which included the reconstruction of the Tutuban–Calamba commuter line and the rehabilitation of long-haul services with an extension up to Matnog, Sorsogon and a branch line from Calamba to Batangas. It was to be funded through a public–private partnership (PPP) scheme.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: On February 16, 2015, the NEDA board, chaired by President Benigno Aquino III, approved the NSCR Phase 1 project. After President Aquino met with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe in Japan in June 2015, Abe expressed his commitment to fund the project. On November 19, 2015, representatives of both countries exchanged notes on the project in the presence of Abe and Aquino. JICA was chosen by the Japanese government to look into financing the project, and on November 27, seven months before Aquino would end his term, JICA and the Department of Finance signed a loan agreement worth ₱97.3 billion ($1.99 billion) for the financing of the first phase.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: The succeeding administration included the project under the Build! Build! Build! Infrastructure Program. In addition, numerous changes to the project were made. The railway's gauge was changed to standard gauge, and the railway was extended to New Clark City. In addition, the PPP scheme for the south commuter line was abandoned in favor of overseas development assistance from Japan. On June 25, 2017, transportation secretary Arthur Tugade announced the new name for the project and unveiled the locations of the first five stations during a press tour of the old PNR line.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: Pre-construction work such as clearing of the right of way was started on January 5, 2018. Two loan agreements would later be signed in 2019. On January 21, 2019, a loan agreement worth ( billion) for the North–South Commuter Railway Extension Project (NSCR-Ex), which includes the PNR Clark 2 and Calamba sections, was signed by JICA and the Department of Finance (DOF). Another loan agreement worth ( billion) for the NSCR-Ex project was signed on July 11 by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and DOF. JICA would finance the electrical and mechanical systems as well as the trains for the PNR Clark 2 and Calamba sections, while ADB would finance the civil works.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: The loan for the civil works of the PNR Calamba, worth ( billion), was approved by the ADB on June 9, 2022. The loan agreement was signed by President Rodrigo Duterte and ADB on June 16.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: The North–South Commuter Railway is being built in three phases and divided into two primary sections.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: PNR Clark is the northern section of the NSCR. Construction was divided into two phases. PNR Clark 1 involves the Tutuban–Malolos railway, while PNR Clark 2 involves the Malolos–Clark railway. The railway line, when fully completed, will run from Tutuban station in Manila to New Clark City station within the Clark Freeport and Special Economic Zone, with a link to Clark International Airport.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: The groundbreaking of PNR Clark 1 was held on February 15, 2019, and construction started after. Meanwhile, the groundbreaking of PNR Clark 2 was held on September 18, 2021. PNR Clark is expected to start partial operations in October 2022, with full operations in 2024. , PNR Clark 1 is 51.3% complete, while PNR Clark 2 is 32% complete .


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: The civil works of PNR Clark 1 is divided into two packages. Package 1, which covered civil works from Solis to Bocaue, was awarded to the Filipino-Japanese joint venture of Taisei Corporation and DMCI Holdings. VSL International, a subsidiary of Bouygues, was appointed as the subcontractor for the construction of the railway viaduct from Tutuban to Bocaue. Package 2, covering the construction of the railway from Bocaue to Malolos, was awarded to Japan's Sumitomo Mitsui Construction.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: Meanwhile, the civil works of PNR Clark 2 is divided into six packages. Package 1, which was awarded to Megawide Construction Corporation, Hyundai Engineering & Construction, and Dong-ah Geological Engineering Company. covers the construction works of a viaduct from Malolos to San Simon, a few kilometers before San Fernando station. Package 2, awarded to Acciona and Daelim Industrial, covers the construction of a section from San Simon to Mexico, a few kilometers before Angeles station. Package 3, which was awarded to Italian-Thai Development Public Company Limited, covers the construction of a section from Mexico until Clark station in Mabalacat. Package 4, covering the construction of the remaining from Clark station to the Clark International Airport station was awarded to the consortium of EEI Corporation and Acciona. The last package, Package 5, was awarded to POSCO and will cover the construction of a depot and operations control center in Mabalacat. A sixth package covering the construction of a section connecting PNR Clark 1 to Blumentritt station is set for rebidding after a failed bidding in July 2020.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: Through direct contracting or single source procurement, in August 2021, the Department of Transportation sent a request for proposal to Hitachi Rail STS, an Italy-based subsidiary of Japanese manufacturer Hitachi and formerly Ansaldo STS, to supply the electrical and mechanical (E&M) systems as well as the track works for the PNR Clark 1. Hitachi Rail STS was then awarded the contract on November 8, 2022.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: For the E&M systems of the PNR Clark 2, two bidders participated on a new bid opening on November 26, 2021. The first is Japanese firm Mitsubishi, with Alstom and Colas Rail. The second is the joint venture of Sojitz and Megawide Construction Corporation.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: PNR Calamba, also known as PNR Clark Phase 3, is the southern section of the NSCR. It involves the reconstruction of the existing Metro Commuter Line as an electrified standard gauge railway with elevated, at-grade, and depressed sections. The railway will run from Solis station in Manila to Calamba station in Laguna.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: Bidding for the construction of PNR Calamba was opened on July 14, 2021, with 34 companies participating in the auction. As of October 2022, four out of the nine construction contracts have been awarded. The four contracts were signed on October 6 and was witnessed by President Bongbong Marcos.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: The first packages to be awarded were Packages 4, 5, 6, and 7. Packages 4 to 6 cover the construction of the railway from Alabang to Calamba, in which all three packages were awarded to Hyundai Engineering & Construction and Dong-ah Geological Engineering Company. Package 7, which covers the construction of the depot in Calamba, was awarded to the joint venture of Lotte Engineering & Construction, Gülermak, and EEI Corporation.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: Construction is set to begin by 2022, with partial operations slated by 2025 and full operations by March 2029.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: The electrical and mechanical systems provider for the PNR Calamba section will be the same as that of PNR Clark 2.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: The North–South Commuter Railway will comprise two sections corresponding to the Philippine National Railways' old main lines. The first is the fully-elevated PNR Clark which is being built over the mostly-defunct North Main Line in northern Metro Manila and Central Luzon. The construction of PNR Clark is further subdivided into two sections: the PNR Clark 1 between Tutuban and Malolos, and the PNR Clark 2 from Malolos to New Clark City. The second component is the PNR Calamba which will use the existing PNR Metro Commuter Line right of way between Tutuban and Calamba, which were historically parts of the South Main Line and will have elevated, at-grade and depressed sections.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: The Metro Manila Dream Plan proposed a branch line that will split in Angeles City. The line will have 12 stations and shall end in Tarlac City. The study also proposed a extension of the NSCR to Batangas City. This will be built parallel to the PNR South Long Haul project which was approved in 2017, with the line being a single-track, standard gauge line without electrification, and will be built at-grade similar to the present PNR network. The PNR has also requested for a feasibility study for a commuter line connecting Tarlac City and San Jose, Nueva Ecija in 2019. The length of the line and the number of stations will be determined once a proposal has been submitted. Another proposed southward extension to Pansol in Calamba, Laguna was proposed by a 2019 JICA report.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: The North–South Commuter Railway will also have provisions for infill stations: Valenzuela Polo, Tabing Ilog, Tuktukan, and Malolos South.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: NSCR will be the first commuter rail system in the country to be mostly grade-separated. Trains are designed to run on tracks at a design speed of for regular trains and for airport express trains.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: All stations will have a standard layout, with a concourse level and a platform level. The stations are designed to adhere to both Philippine and Japanese standards. Stations will either have island platforms or side platforms with platform screen doors. The stations are designed to be barrier-free, and trains shall have spaces for passengers using wheelchairs. Historical stations will be preserved. All stations will have access to intermodal facilities. The FTI station in particular will be connected to the Taguig Integrated Terminal Exchange.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: The North–South Commuter Railway will have two types of rolling stock: commuter trains and airport express trains. With the exception of wheelchair spaces, the commuter trains will have a capacity of 2,242 passengers. The express trains, on the other hand, will have a capacity of 392 passengers. A total of 464 electric multiple unit traincars have been procured to operate on the line, with 104 of these being the 8-car EM10000 class trainsets to be built by the Japan Transport Engineering Company (J-TREC), successor to the Tokyu Car Corporation that provided rolling stock to the Philippines from 1955 to 1976. The trainsets were previously named as the "Sustina Commuter" at the time of purchase, and are based on JR East commuter stock such as the E233 series but adapted to standard gauge. The trains are also designed to be interoperable with the Metro Manila Subway. The trainsets have been designated as the EM10000 class in October 2021. The first batch of the commuter trains arrived on November 21, 2021. The bidding for an order for 304 more commuter cars in a separate contract was opened in September 2020, with the joint venture of Japan Transport Engineering Company and Sumitomo Corporation winning the contract on January 14, 2022. The first EM10000 class train was unveiled on March 18, 2022 and the contract for the 304 cars was signed by the DOTr, Sumitomo, and J-TREC on the same day. The deliveries of the 304 cars are set to be completed by September 2028.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: The 56 airport express trainsets, meanwhile, are being procured as of 2019. On February 26, 2021, a suggested preliminary design based on the E259 and E353 series was published. On May 10, the Department of Transportation later announced it will acquire the airport express trainsets from Japanese manufacturers. After several months of delays and rescheduling, three bidders have submitted their designs: Kawasaki Heavy Industries and Sojitz joint venture, Marubeni and Stadler Rail, and Mitsubishi and Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (CAF). The contract is expected to be awarded in the last quarter of 2022.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: Initially, the PNR Clark 1 section of the line was set to use a communications-based train control (CBTC) system. The line will instead use a signalling system based on ETCS Level 2. The subsystems consist of automatic train control (ATC), automatic train protection (ATP), automatic train supervision (ATS), train detection through track circuits, and computer-based interlocking, with provisions for automatic train operation (ATO).


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: For Phase 1 between Tutuban and Malolos, Hitachi's Italian subsidiary Hitachi Rail STS will be the provider of ETCS Level 2 equipment as part of a contract package covering electrical and mechanical systems, and track works.


title: North–South Commuter Railway

text: The line will feature an Elastic Sleeper Direct Fasten (ESDF) type ballastless track with concrete sleepers in the mainline and plastic/fiber-reinforced foam urethane railroad ties on turnouts in the mainline and depot. Continuous welded rails will be employed on the mainline, while jointed rails with fishplates will be employed in the depot. rails will be employed in the mainline while rails built to the JIS 50N rail profile will be used in the depot.


title: Masters of Evil

text: The Masters of Evil is a supervillain team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The first version of the team appeared in "The Avengers" #6 (July 1964), with the lineup continually changing over the years.


title: Masters of Evil

text: The first version of the Masters of Evil debuted in "The Avengers" #6 and were created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby.


title: Masters of Evil

text: The second version of the Masters of Evil debuted in "The Avengers" #54 and were created by Roy Thomas, John Buscema, and George Tuska.


title: Masters of Evil

text: The third version of the Masters of Evil debuted in "The Avengers" #222 and were created by Jim Shooter, Steven Grant, and Greg LaRocque.


title: Masters of Evil

text: The fourth version of the Masters of Evil debuted in "The Avengers" #270 and were created by Roger Stern, John Buscema, and Tom Palmer.


title: Masters of Evil

text: The fifth version of the Masters of Evil debuted in "Guardians of the Galaxy" #28 and were created by Jim Valentino, Herb Trimpe, and Steve Montano.


title: Masters of Evil

text: The sixth version of the Masters of Evil debuted in "The Incredible Hulk" #449, written by Peter David and drawn by Mike Deodato, although they were actually created by Kurt Busiek and Mark Bagley.


title: Masters of Evil

text: The seventh version of the Masters of Evil debuted in "Thunderbolts" #3 and were created by Kurt Busiek, Mark Bagley, and Vince Russell.


title: Masters of Evil

text: The eighth version of the Masters of Evil debuted in "Secret Avengers" #21.1 and were created by Rick Remender, Patrick Zircher and Andy Troy.


title: Masters of Evil

text: The ninth version of the Masters of Evil debuted in "Thunderbolts" #10 and were created by Jim Zub, Jon Malin, Kurt Busiek and Mark Bagley.


title: Masters of Evil

text: The original Masters of Evil (consisting of existing Marvel Comics supervillains the Black Knight, the Melter, and the Radioactive Man) was gathered by former Nazi scientist Baron Heinrich Zemo. Despite attempting to capture the Avengers with Adhesive X and spreading it over the city, the Avengers find an antidote with the help of Paste-Pot Pete, give it to the Masters in secret (causing them to accidentally free people), and then send most of the members to jail. Zemo is tricked into opening a container filled with tear gas inside his helicopter, but escapes anyway.


title: Masters of Evil

text: Baron Zemo leads the team in his revenge on Captain America and the Avengers. The team had been joined by the Enchantress and the Executioner, whom Zemo found in their exile to Earth that was imposed on them by Odin for attacking Thor. The Enchantress hypnotizes Thor into attacking the Avengers, but Iron Man breaks him out of the trance. Meanwhile, Captain America has been lured to South America to fight Zemo. After defeating Zemo, Captain America returns on Zemo's helicopter and stops Zemo from shooting the Avengers. However, the Enchantress casts a spell which gets the helicopter to the rooftop she and the Executioner are on. The Executioner knocks Captain America out by striking his shoulder, and takes him out of the helicopter, after which they all try to escape. The Masters are sent to another dimension in a space warp generated by Thor.


title: Masters of Evil

text: Two issues later, the Enchantress returns them to Earth using a spell. Simon Williams is given superhuman strength with an ionic ray, though he is told he will die in a week unless given an antidote Zemo has. He captures the Wasp and lures the Avengers into a trap, but sacrifices himself to save the Avengers. Immortus appears and offers to help the Masters by defeating the Avengers. He succeeds in sending Captain America to the Tower of London in 1760. The Masters attack the Avengers, but Captain America manages to return. The Enchantress, sensing defeat, sends the villains back in time to before they met Immortus.


title: Masters of Evil

text: In a later issue, Zemo kidnaps Rick Jones with an attractor beam and has the Enchantress and the Executioner release the Black Knight and the Melter (the Radioactive Man having been deported back to China). They attack the other Avengers, forcing Captain America to go alone to Zemo's kingdom to rescue Rick. The Executioner tells the Avengers that a battle in the city would hurt many people, meaning they should surrender. Captain America blinds Zemo with his shield and Zemo dies when he accidentally triggers a rock slide. The Black Knight and the Melter are then captured after Thor transports them to another dimension with different scientific laws, meaning their weapons rebound. The Enchantress and the Executioner escape by running away before the transportation happened.


title: Masters of Evil

text: The second version, organized by the robot Ultron (under the alias the Crimson Cowl), consisted of the second Black Knight (who joined the team with the intention of betraying them), Klaw, the Melter, the Radioactive Man and Whirlwind. This incarnation made one more appearance. Ultron used this incarnation to blackmail New York.


title: Masters of Evil

text: Criminal scientist Egghead organized a third version, consisting of Moonstone, the original Scorpion, Tiger Shark and longtime member Whirlwind. After the team's defeat, Egghead kept only Moonstone and Tiger Shark; the Scorpion and Whirlwind were replaced with the original Beetle, the Shocker, and veteran member the Radioactive Man. Egghead uses this incarnation to assist him in making technological breakthroughs.


title: Masters of Evil

text: A fourth version was formed by Baron Helmut Zemo. This team uses over a dozen villains, consisting of the Absorbing Man, Blackout, Black Mamba, the Fixer, Goliath, the Grey Gargoyle, Mister Hyde, Moonstone, the Screaming Mimi, Tiger Shark, Titania, Whirlwind, the Wrecking Crew (Bulldozer, Piledriver, Thunderball and the Wrecker), and Yellowjacket, created with the goal of overwhelming the Avengers with sheer raw power, whereas others had attempted to match the current line-up.


title: Masters of Evil

text: A flashback later revealed that Augustus Roman's family had died during the fight between the Avengers and the Masters of Evil.


title: Masters of Evil

text: The sixth incarnation was again assembled by Baron Helmut Zemo, and posed as superheroes known as the Thunderbolts. In addition to Zemo, the team consisted of the Beetle, the Fixer, Goliath, Moonstone, and the Screaming Mimi. All eventually became heroes and renounced their criminal ways, though Zemo, the Fixer, and Moonstone all returned to villainy some time later.


title: Masters of Evil

text: Baron Helmut Zemo created an 11th incarnation consisting of Whiplash, the Man-Killer, Klaw, Tiger Shark, and the Wrecking Crew, all of whom had been members of previous incarnations of the Masters of Evil. Baron Zemo sent them out to persuade Atlas of the Thunderbolts, the former Goliath of Zemo's earlier incarnation of the Masters of Evil, to rejoin the team. Atlas resisted and only an unexpected reappearance of the Thunderbolt Jolt interrupted the Masters' plan. The Masters then went after the Winter Soldier, who was then leading the Thunderbolts, and captured him. Zemo and the Masters then assaulted the Thunderbolts in their base, capturing several of them.


title: Masters of Evil

text: During the "Opening Salvo" part of the "Secret Empire" storyline, Baron Zemo has Kobik send Bucky back through time to World War II and another battle with the Thunderbolts, in which the Man-Killer was apparently killed by Kobik. Upon Atlas, the Fixer, and Moonstone joining the Masters of Evil, they worked to reassemble Kobik. As Erik Selvig hordes the fragments that he has, kisses them, and commits suicide, the Kobik-reprogrammed Captain America persuaded Baron Zemo to have the Masters of Evil join HYDRA's "Army of Evil." Baron Zemo did just that. The Masters of Evil assisted the Army of Evil in causing havoc in protest for what happened at Pleasant Hill.


title: Masters of Evil

text: The fifth incarnation was organized by Doctor Octopus, but bore little resemblance to previous incarnations. Its roster included Gargantua, Jackhammer, Oddball, Powderkeg, and Puff Adder, in addition to former members the Absorbing Man, the Shocker, Titania, and Yellowjacket.


title: Masters of Evil

text: This incarnation initially fought the original Guardians of the Galaxy - a superhero group from an alternate future timeline - but then fought with the Guardians against an army of doppelgangers.


title: Masters of Evil

text: The seventh incarnation was recruited by the Crimson Cowl (Justine Hammer). This version consisted first of the third Cyclone, the Flying Tiger, Klaw, the Man-Killer and Tiger Shark and later expanded to include the Aqueduct, the Bison, Blackwing, Boomerang, the Cardinal, the Constrictor, Dragonfly, the second Eel, the Icemaster, Joystick, Lodestone, the Man-Ape, Quicksand, Scorcher, Shatterfist, Shockwave, Slyde, Sunstroke, and Supercharger.


title: Masters of Evil

text: The eighth incarnation, led by the Crimson Cowl, consisted of Black Mamba, the Cardinal, the Cyclone, the Gypsy Moth, Hydro-Man, the Machinesmith, and the Man-Killer.


title: Masters of Evil

text: Both versions of the Crimson Cowl's Masters of Evil sought to master and control Earth's superhuman mercenaries. They even tried to get the Thunderbolts to join them.


title: Masters of Evil

text: Max Fury of the Shadow Council forms a ninth incarnation of the Masters of Evil, consisting of Princess Python, Vengeance, and Whiplash. They were discovered by the Secret Avengers during a mission run by Captain America and Hawkeye. Max Fury later recruits the Black Talon, the Brothers Grimm, Carrion, the Constrictor, Crossfire, Diablo, Firebrand, the Griffin, Killer Shrike, Lady Stilt-Man, the Pink Pearl, and the Squid to join the Shadow Council's Masters of Evil. Fury and the Masters of Evil capture John Steele after he attempts to escape Bagalia (a country that the Shadow Council established) with the Serpent Crown and the Crown of Thorns. In order for the Masters of Evil to obtain the Crown of Wolves for the Shadow Council, Fury hired the Taskmaster to retrieve it. The Taskmaster demanded more money for the job and he hid in the Hole (a bar located in an underground city in Bagalia). Upon claiming the Crown of Wolves, Fury was unable to harness its power because he is a Life Model Decoy. When the Taskmaster donned the Crown of Wolves, he was unable to control the powers of the Abyss. Under the control of the Abyss, the Masters of Evil and the other people in Bagalia make their move. The Secret Avengers fight to keep the people under control of the Abyss from leaving Bagalia and invading other countries to spread the possession to other people. While possessed by the Abyss, the Taskmaster used its power to take control of the villains and have them board an airplane out of Bagalia to spread the campaign of the Abyss. While the others fight the possessed villains and other people, Venom uses his symbiote to break the Crowns and capture the Taskmaster.


title: Masters of Evil

text: When the second incarnation of the Secret Avengers raid Bagalia to free the Taskmaster, they have to fight through the Masters of Evil. During this time, it is shown that a duplicate of the Bi-Beast, Madcap, the Ringer and a number of other supervillains have joined the Masters of Evil.


title: Masters of Evil

text: The Masters of Evil are featured in "Avengers Undercover" as part of the second wave of comics that are part of the "Marvel NOW!" branding. Following the death of Max Fury, Baron Helmut Zemo had been sworn in as the new leader of the Masters of Evil. He is shown to have Madame Masque as his right-hand woman, has the Constrictor as his bodyguard, and Daimon Hellstrom is in their company as their magic expert. The Anachronism, Cammi, Chase Stein, Death Locket, Hazmat, and Nico Minoru teleport to Bagalia in disguise and locate Cullen Bloodstone at the Hole (a Bagalian bar owned by Arcade). After a fight with the villains there, Cullen reveals that he has become a member of the Masters of Evil, having been accepted by them. The Constrictor and Madam Masque arrange for Cullen to teleport the group to a nearby swanky party at Massacrer Casino hosted by Arcade so that they can get revenge on him once and for all. Baron Zemo, Madame Masque, the Constrictor and Daimon Hellstrom watch as the young heroes try to avoid being killed, as Arcade has arranged the party at Massacrer Casino as the testing grounds for his newest version of "Murderworld": fancy parties at casinos where the rich and powerful can try and kill each other to prove their supremacy. After Arcade was killed, Baron Zemo, Madame Masque, the Constructor, and Daimon Hellstrom begin plotting their next move regarding the heroes. After the young heroes are apprehended during a S.H.I.E.L.D. raid on Bagalia, Daimon Hellstrom later teleports the S.H.I.E.L.D. lair back to Bagalia, where Baron Zemo offers the group a chance to join the Masters of Evil. Baron Zemo instructs the Constrictor, Daimon Hellstrom, and Madame Masque to take a portion of the Murderworld survivors and take them into Bagalia City. While the other young heroes take up Baron Zemo's offer to join the Masters of Evil (with a plan to take the group down from within), Cammi is the only one to decline. Baron Zemo hears that she is the only one not joining and says that they will respect her choice. Cammi flies away, only to be caught by the Constrictor and brutally slammed into a rock wall. Bleeding and semi-conscious from the surprise attack, Cammi lays under the Constrictor as he says "The man gave you a choice. You picked wrong."


title: Masters of Evil

text: While the Shadow Council had their version, Lightmaster assembles a more traditional lineup (10th incarnation) when he and his henchmen, the Wrecking Crew, run afoul of the Superior Spider-Man and his Superior Six while attacking Alchemax and attempting to steal its technology during a plot to blackmail New York City for money. Besides the Wrecking Crew, this roster includes the Absorbing Man, Titania, Mister Hyde, Whirlwind and the original Blackout.


title: Masters of Evil

text: To combat the West Coast Avengers, Madame Masque formed a West Coast version of the Masters of Evil consisting of the Eel, Graviton, Lady Bullseye, MODOK Superior, Satana, and Kate Bishop's parents Derek and Eleanor Bishop.


title: Masters of Evil

text: When the Prehistoric Avengers fought a younger Thanos and sent him back to the future, Mephisto found out that an alternate version of Doctor Doom called Doom Supreme had witnessed this fight. Mephisto suggested to Doom Supreme to form a team of evil villains that would take on the Avengers. As a condition from the Council of Red, Doom Supreme is to save Earth-616 for last. He formed a Multiverse version of the Masters of Evil that consisted of Black Skull, an alternate version of Dark Phoenix and her Berserkers (made of an alternate version of Wolverine called Hound and an alternate version of Thor), Ghost Goblin, Kid Thanos, and King Killmonger. They traveled to the different parts of the Multiverse slaying their versions of the Prehistoric Avengers and rewriting the future to fit their ways. Their activities were opposed by the Deathloks that work for Avenger Prime. Though they violated a condition that the Council of Red gave them. When they arrived, they were watched by Orb who viewed them through the eye of Uatu the Watcher that he still had. Doom Supreme killed Orb and destroyed the eye. King Killmonger, Dark Phoenix, and the Berserkers then attacked Asgard which brought them into conflict with Echo's Phoenix form, Iron Man, Thor, and the Deathloks. The Deathloks find Captain America, Captain Marvel, and Star Brand as they are attacked by Black Skull and Ghost Goblin. As Captain America and Captain Marvel are overwhelmed, Star Brand shows up to attack them. As they retreat, Black Skull has Ghost Goblin dump his Noggin Bombs which are annulled when Star Brand matures and negates their explosions. Doom Supreme and Kid Thanos attack Avengers Mountain. They engage Black Panther, Namor, Valkyrie, and the Deathlok with them. As Doom Supreme regresses Valkyrie back to Jane Foster before he was headbutted by her horse, Namor struggles against Kid Thanos. Black Panther wields his Vibranium Dambe Boxer Cords and other defenses against magic while calling himself Red Panther. As the Deathlok reaches the brain of Avengers Mountain to put out a distress signal on what happened on Earth-616, Black Panther, Valkyrie, and Namor continue their fight against Doom Supreme and Kid Thanos until they retreat. The Deathlok detects that Avengers Mountain is about to self-destruct as Black Panther, Namor, and Valkyrie work to get out before the explosion. As Captain America, Captain Marvel, Star Brand, and the Deathlok with them are trying to reach Avengers Mountain, the Quinjet is struck by the Mjolnir of Berserker Thor killing the Deathlok in the process. Thor is locked in combat with Berserker Thor as Dark Phoenix watches as Berserker Thor refers to her as his mother. Echo's Phoenix form shows up to knock back Berserker Thor. Dark Phoenix then restrains Echo as Thor slays his Berserker counterpart. As Dark Phoenix gets away, Thor has Echo ask the Phoenix Force what he is. Echo states that he already knows. They then join Iron Man, Captain America, Captain Marvel, and Star Brand into heading to Avengers Mountain. Far from Avengers Mountain, Doom Supreme and Kid Thanos meet up with Iron Inquisitor and Mephisto in the form of a dog as he nears the corpse of Orb. Under Mephisto's orders, Doom Supreme unburn Uatu's eye fragment and puts it in his own eye. As Doom Supreme and Kid Thanos enter a portal to meet with their teammates and get back to work, Mephisto and Iron Inquisitor talk about what to do with the Multiversal Masters of Evil as Mephisto's dog form eats at the fragments of Uatu's eye. Then he has Orb's corpse dumped into the ocean.


title: Masters of Evil

text: It was also revealed that the Multiversal Masters of Evil had conquered some of the worlds like how Black Skull had ruled over Earth-818 with the War Machines that he had that world's Tony Stark build. By the time Robbie Reyes and the Deathlok with him arrived, they met Earth-818's Tony Stark who operated as Ant-Man and saved him from the War Machines. Robbie and his Deathlok companion are later rescued from Black Skull by Ant-Man and his resistance consisting of Vision, Moon Knight (Mariama Spector), Wonder Man, and Infinity Thing. With help from the granddaughters of King Thor, Robbie, his Deathlok companion, and the Resistance defeated Black Skull and his alternate counterparts while liberating Earth-818. Ant-Man joins Robbie and his Deathlok companion in their quest to liberate the enslaved Earths from the Multiversal Masters of Evil.


title: Masters of Evil

text: In a flashback, the Multiversal Masters of Evil invaded Earth-91 and slew that version of the Prehistoric Avengers who are all Man-Things. Doom Supreme orders his Multiversal Masters of Evil to keep him out of their squabbles as King Killmonger claims that Doom Supreme has not even claimed his Earth yet. Doom Supreme claims that he claimed what he required from Earth-91 and to "pick the bones however they like".


title: Masters of Evil

text: When the Multiversal Masters of Evil conquer another Earth and plan to return to Earth-616, Ghost Rider arrives where he controls Black Skull's symbiote enough to subdue King Killmonger and uses his Hell Charger to knock down Kid Thanos and Hound before it drags Dark Phoenix. Then he subdues Ghost Goblin before engaging Doom Supreme. After Deathlok and Ant-Man of Earth-818 arrive where the latter shrinks Doom Supreme, Dark Phoenix goes on the attack as Deathlok orders Ant-Man of Earth-818 to get Ghost Rider away while he buys them some time. Following Deathlok's death, Doom Supreme tells the Multiversal Masters of Evil that they need to regroup as he knows where they are going. Ghost Goblin asks Doom Supreme if he will restore himself to normal size as well. Doom Supreme then states that they will visit that location before heading to Earth-616 as he vows that "No Avenger gets out alive".


title: Masters of Evil

text: At the time when the Avengers travel to prehistoric times and encounter the Avengers of that time, Agamotto breaks up the fight between them as Doom Supreme arrives where he removes Agamotto's eyes and kills the Prehistoric Star Brand. Then the rest of the Multiversal Masters of Evil arrive. As the Avengers go on the attack, Dark Phoenix takes them down much to the dismay of Kid Thanos and Ghost Goblin. When Hound goes on the attack, he is killed by the Prehistoric Ghost Rider. As the local ancestral ape-men hide in the caves, Odin and Valkyrie fight Doom Supreme, Echo and the Prehistoric Iron Fist fight Black Skull, Iron Man, Captain Marvel, and Namor fight Dark Phoenix, Captain America and Prehistoric Moon Knight fight Kid Thanos, Thor and Agamotto fight King Killmonger, and Nighthawk and Prehistoric Ghost Rider fight Ghost Goblin while Star Brand goes to the body of her prehistoric counterpart where the Prehistoric Ghost Rider depowers Ghost Goblin and kills him. When Dark Phoenix notes that this Earth is taking longer to conquer, Doom Supreme starts to cast a spell to wipe out the ancestral ape-men. As the fight rages on, Lady Phoenix arrives.


title: Masters of Evil

text: During the "Dark Reign" storyline, a young version of the team - controlled by criminal mastermind Norman Osborn - debuts in the miniseries "Dark Reign: Young Avengers".


title: Masters of Evil

text: A group calling themselves the Bastards of Evil debuted in the 2010 "Heroic Age" storyline. All members claim to be the children of supervillains who were discarded and disavowed by their parents. They include Aftershock (the supposed daughter of Electro), Warhead (the supposed son of the Radioactive Man), Mortar (the supposed daughter of the Grey Gargoyle), Singularity (the supposed son of Graviton), and Ember (the supposed son of Pyro).


title: Masters of Evil

text: It was later revealed that the Bastards are led by a child genius known as Superior (who claims to be the son of the Leader). It was also revealed that the Bastards were actually normal teenagers who were mutated by exposure to radiation by Superior as well as given false memory implants. The surviving Bastards are held in the Raft after their capture.


title: Masters of Evil

text: In an alternate reality depicted in the 1996 "Heroes Reborn" miniseries, the Masters of Evil consist of the Black Knight, Klaw, the Melter, the Radioactive Man, and Whirlwind After Klaw leaves the team, the Crimson Dynamo and the Titanium Man join the Masters of Evil. The Black Knight tries to gain an "audience" with Doctor Doom only for him, Crimson Dynamo, and Titanium Man to be killed by Doom's Doombots. Following this, Whirlwind retires to start a new life.


title: Masters of Evil

text: In an alternate reality depicted in the 2021 "Heroes Reborn" miniseries, the Masters of Doom exist as enemies of the Squadron Supreme of America and consist of Doctor Juggernaut, the Silver Witch, the All-Gog, and the Black Skull. They escape from the Negative Zone and launch an attack on Washington D.C., only to be repelled by the Squadron.


title: Masters of Evil

text: The Masters of Evil appear in "Marvel Adventures", consisting of Baron Helmut Zemo, the Abomination, the Leader, and Ultron.


title: Masters of Evil

text: Later in the series, a group called the New Masters of Evil appear. This group consists of Egghead, the Man-Bull, the Melter, and Whirlwind.


title: Masters of Evil

text: In the "Ultimate Marvel" universe, there are two groups equivalent to the Masters of Evil that threaten the Ultimates:


title: Masters of Evil

text: The Liberators were introduced in "Ultimates 2", formed by Loki (under the alias of Norwegian scientist "Gunnar Golman") and featured superpowered villains that invaded the United States of America as recruits, such as the Chang Lam / Abomination, the Crimson Dynamo, the Schizoid Man, the Colonel, Hurricane, Swarm, the Red Wasp, and Perun. They received support from international governments, such as China, France, Iran, North Korea, Syria, and later Russia, and other superpowered individuals such as Natasha Romanoff / Black Widow, Hank Pym, and his Ultron / Vision II sentries. However, they are all defeated by America's heroes, with Perun surrendering to S.H.I.E.L.D. and being held in the Triskelion and Loki being held by Odin for inciting a world war.


title: Masters of Evil

text: The Dark Ultimates were introduced in "", as a group of superhumans gathered by a mysterious woman named Kang in order to retrieve the Infinity Gems, apparently to use it in order to prevent the destruction of the universe. They consisted of the Hulk, the Maker, Quicksilver, and a brainwashed Human Torch. After freeing the Ultimates from the Negative Zone, an influx of energy sent Kang back to her own time, abandoning the Maker to be imprisoned while the Gems were shattered.


title: Mix Nine

text: Mix Nine (Hangul: 믹스나인, stylized as MIXNINE) was a South Korean survival reality show broadcast on JTBC. In the show, YG Entertainment founder and producer Yang Hyun-suk traveled to music agencies across Korea to find up-and-coming K-pop stars. Throughout the episodes, contestants were progressively eliminated, culminating in a competition between a team of the final nine boys and one of the final nine girls. The winning team was to debut as idols, but their debut was ultimately cancelled following contract disputes between YG Entertainment and the contestants' respective agencies.


title: Mix Nine

text: "Mix Nine" was a collaboration project between director Han Dong-chul, producer Yang Hyun-suk, and JTBC. Han Dong-chul, who was the executive producer of the first two seasons of Mnet's "Produce 101" originally came with the concept for the show's third season. The show had 400 auditions from more than 70 agencies which Yang and the guest judges personally visited. Contestants included both trainees and lesser known K-pop idols looking to seek further attention. According to Yang, good looks and have pleasing personalities are some of his preference in choosing the trainees, although not a requirement. 170 trainees were chosen by Yang Hyun-suk and guest judges CL, Zion.T, Seungri, and Taeyang.


title: Mix Nine

text: After the agency tour concluded, the trainees were divided into four classes (Debut team, A, B, and C) to train and compete in ranking missions that were judged by a combination of judge evaluations and viewer voting.


title: Mix Nine

text: For the participants' training, several artists were recruited for the show. Vocal trainer and singer Ha Dong-kyun and singer Suran were in charge of the vocal training. In addition, rapper Swings was their rap mentor, while YG Entertainment dancers Kwon Young-deuk and Kwon Young-don were responsible for training. With nine members each, the remaining male team would go against the remaining female team. The final group would promote for seven months.


title: Mix Nine

text: On September 18, a 2-minute video teaser was uploaded via YG Entertainment's YouTube in which Yang briefly described the show concept. Through his Instagram account, Yang also constantly updated which companies he already visited and how many trainees had passed so far. At the same time, the show also released photos of trainees who had undergone the audition, which included members from KNK, 24K, ONF, Loona, and JJCC.


title: Mix Nine

text: On September 14, JTBC announced an upcoming press conference on the 19th. On that day, the show's producers Han Dong-chul and Yoo Sung Mo attended a press conference held at the JTBC building, and the confirmation of the show's premiere was announced to be on October 29. On September 25, Noh Hong-cheol was announced to be the host of the show. About a month after, JTBC released a representative image of the show on October 11 with the caption 'Save a Shining Boy and Girl' and the logo 9. On the same day, another video teaser, in which singer Zion.T was announced as one of the judges of the show, was released.


title: Mix Nine

text: The day before the premiere of the show, the show's production presentation was held at a hotel near Hakdong Station. Yang Hyun-suk and Han Dong-cheol, together with Seungri and Zion.T attended the presentation. On the same day, the participants singing and dancing to its theme song was released. On November 19 two different versions of the song and music videos were released. Three different versions of the song were released overall: Boys' version led by Hyojin of ONF, girls' version led by Lee Sujin from Fave Entertainment (now in Weeekly) and a co-ed version performed by both teams. Produced by Teddy, "Just Dance" was reported to be his first song produced for a non-YG Entertainment artist.


title: Mix Nine

text: The first elimination round starts at Episode 7; second round at Episode 10; third round at Episode 13; and the final elimination round at Episode 14, wherein the Debut Team was announced.


title: Mix Nine

text: The first half of the show is labelled 'Enter Tour Step' while the second half is 'Competition Step'.


title: Mix Nine

text: The first episode introduces all 170 participants, some of whom described their intentions in joining the program. Noh Hong-chul was seen as the show's host. The next part introduces Yang Hyun-suk and rapper CL as the judges as they start travelling to different agencies located all over the country for the audition through Yang's car. Two buses ('Debut Bus' for the nine chosen contestants and 'Trainee Bus' for the remaining ones) are seen travelling along with the judges car. For every contestant who passes the audition, he or she would be riding the bus along with the other contestants. The trainees' auditions are simultaneously watched by the judges, their agency's CEO, and their co-trainees in the bus. At the end of the episode, the music video of "Just Dance" was shown.


title: Mix Nine

text: The show starts with introducing a '1-Day Special Mission' for the chosen participants of the show, to be shown later on. For now, the episode continues with Yang Hyun-suk travelling to different places for auditions In this episode, singer Zion.T comes along with him to judge. Towards the end of the episode, Big Bang member Seungri joins Yang in his car going to one of the biggest agencies in South Korea, JYP Entertainment.


title: Mix Nine

text: Again, the show starts with the participants gathering in a room to do the '1-Day Special Mission'; a new set of "Debut Team" will be formed after their evaluation. Participants are given two (girls) or three (boys) dance songs for them to perform in front of judges Yang Hyun-suk and Lee Seungri. Participants who are given the pass by the judges would proceed to the singing portion and only nine people would be chosen to be included in the "Debut Team". The trainees are given a shortlist of songs. After the 20-minute video, auditions carry on with Yang Hyun-suk by himself for the first half of this episode. Then, the episode continues with finishing JYP Entertainment's audition's scene (which was held during the end of the second episode) and Park Jin-young judging YG Entertainment's trainees afterwards. The episode also features Big Bang's Taeyang as a guest judge. With this, this episode concludes the auditions for the show: the judges panel toured for 15 days (240 hours); 72 entertainment agencies have visited; 403 participants auditioned; 170 participants (98 girls and 72 boys) passed the audition. It also marks the start of public voting.


title: Mix Nine

text: The episode starts off with giving each participant his/her number according to their rankings. All contestants are divided into four levels: Top 9, A, B, and C. At that moment, the 'Mix Nine's VLive Showcase' is announced along with the show's theme song, "Just Dance", and its choreography. The participants start to train by their levels with the trainers of the show. Right after, their mentors tell them their new mission: record their song and dance individually from 9AM to 3PM for re-evaluation of their level, or they are automatically put to C-class. The next day, all participants are to perform once again for a chance to level up (or down). Nine chosen members from each level of girls' and boys' team perform the song on stage. A new set of Debut Team are formed at the end: ONF's Hyojin and Fave's Lee Sujin are chosen by Yang as the male and female centers, respectively, for their first live performance. By the end of the show, their rankings based on the judges and people's votes are revealed. In total votes, the boys team (28,650 votes) earned an additional 1000 points each for winning against the girls (25,680 votes).


title: Mix Nine

text: Noh Hong-chul meets with the trainees to announce the next challenge after the ranking announcement. The trainees are tasked to perform live in groups based on positions they want to debut in: vocal, dance or rap. Participants of each gender will have to choose from four rap songs, six vocal songs, or eight dance songs: 18 songs in total. If the number of people exceeded in their chosen song, the team will decide whom to drop through self-evaluation. The male and female participants will go against each other based on their position and the group who earns the highest points combined (50% judges; 50% audience's votes) will receive an additional 2,000 points each. Only six groups are covered this week.


title: Mix Nine

text: The remaining twelve teams perform their respective stages and rehearsals for the groups are shown. After the last performance, the contestants are shown their overall ranking based on their positions. The additional 2,000 points are given to nine teams (88 contestants) for receiving the combined highest points on their respective group and additional 2,000 points to Kim Byeong-kwan, Woo Jin-young, Kim Hyo-jin for males and Kim Hyun-jin, Jeong Sa-ra, Im So-hyun for females for receiving the highest points in dance, rap, and vocal position respectively.


title: Mix Nine

text: The first elimination round takes place on this episode. Participants enter the stage by their Position Battle teams and snippets of their performance are shown. Yang announces whether each member passes or gets eliminated in the show based on the showcase, position battles, additional points and online votes. Out of 170 participants, 99 remain (46 girls; 56 boys) and 71 contestants are eliminated. The Top 9 from each gender were then announced: Woo Jin-young and Shin Ryu-jin receive 1st place, while the former ranks first in the overall rank; Lee Jaejun ranks 99th, escaping elimination.


title: Mix Nine

text: A new mission is announced: Formation Battle. Unlike the first mission, Formation Battle is a battle between the same gender. Also, the songs, remastered by YG producers, are decided through the survey about the contestants' role models and life-song. 10 teams are formed to compete for 10 songs given. Being in the Debut team, the members are allowed to choose their preferred songs. However, a maximum of three members from the Debut team are allowed in one song. They are to choose their members afterwards. The winning team will receive an additional of 10,000 votes while 2nd to 4th placers will receive 7000, 5000, 3000 more votes, respectively. 5th place receives 0 votes. The performances of all the female teams (5 groups) are covered this week: "Tell Me Your Wish" (Girls' Generation), "I'm Your Girl" (S.E.S.), "Bad Girl Good Girl" (Miss A), "Really Really" (Winner), and "Honey" (KARA).


title: Mix Nine

text: The episode starts off with revealing the ranks of the girls' performances. It then continues with the formation battle between the remaining 52 male contestants. The performances of all the male teams (5 groups) are as follows: "Hug" (TVXQ), "Ringa Linga" (Taeyang), "It's You" (Super Junior), "Paradise Lost" (Gain), and "Bang Bang Bang" (Big Bang).


title: Mix Nine

text: The episode starts off with revealing the ranks of the boys' performances. Then, another new mission is announced: Digital Song Battle. Both male and female teams will be given three songs - Kang Wook-jin, Diggy, and LIØN's "Hand in Hand"; FUTURE BOUNCE's "Super Freak"; MC Mong's "Stand By Me"; and "After This Night"; Ilhoon and Kamen Rider's "Hush"; and Kim Dohoon's "Dangerous Girl". Participants are judged individually and only ranks 1 to 27 from the male and female teams are able to participate however, prior to the elimination, all participants pick their chosen songs. Soon after, the second elimination round commenced. Yang announces whether each member passes or gets eliminated in the show, and then announces each Top 9. Woo Jin-young and Shin Ryu-jin rank 1st place once again; the latter ranks first in the overall rank.


title: Mix Nine

text: Participants who survived are re-grouped (a maximum of nine members each) due to uneven distribution after the last elimination round. Male and female members from each team go against each other and the three best individuals for each team will receive 5000, 7000, and 10000 points, respectively. Individual scores are based on 20% judge votes and 80% audience votes. All three female groups are covered this week.


title: Mix Nine

text: The episode follows the Digital Song Battle with the remaining three male groups' performances. By the end of the episode, a preview of the Debut Team going to Big Bang's concert as a present by Yang Hyun-suk was shown.


title: Mix Nine

text: The episode starts with a poll of the participants conducted before the elimination round. This includes 'Top 3 Visual': Kim Hyojin, Kim Hyun-jong, and Lee Jae-jun for boys, Lee Ha-young, Choi Moon-hee, and Jeon Hee-jin for girls; 'Hot Guy Representative' Shim Jae-young; 'Crying Queen' Shin Ji-won; 'Most Energetic Girl' Kim Su-hyun and Kim Hyun-jin; and 'Most Easily Excited Boy' Kim Guk-heon. During the elimination round; participants enter the stage by their Digital Song Battle teams. Jang Seongkyu replaced Noh as the host for today. Names of the top 18 trainees are called by Yang one by one starting from rank 15. Shin Ryu-jin retains her 1st rank while Kim Hyo-jin replaces Woo Jin-young for the first time. Four new songs are announced afterwards: "Come Over" (produced by Robin) and "Omona" (produced by ) for girls; "I Like It Too" (produced by Kang Wookjin, LIØN, and Diggy) and "What!?" (produced by Kang Wookjin, iHAWK, BIGTONE, and Diggy) for boys. The remaining trainees choose their positions beginning with rank 18 up to 1, with the higher ranked trainees being given the advantage of replacing the lower ranked trainees and bumping them into another song. After finalizing the teams of four groups at the end of the episode, 12 participant representatives' audition presentations or live performances are shown according to their positions: dance, rap, vocal.


title: Mix Nine

text: This episode was broadcast live at the Ilsan Kintex, five days after the last episode. Both Noh Hong-chul and Jang Sungkyu host the show while the final judges include Seungri, Taeyang, Zion.T and Yang Hyun-suk.


title: Mix Nine

text: All the participants are first introduced one-by-one according to their ranks starting from the men's team. Soon after, they perform "Come Over", "What!?", "Omona", and "I Like It Too", respectively. After their performances, a VTR of the participants watching their individual "Just Dance" re-evaluation (from Episode 4) was shown. They then performed "Just Dance" live with Kim Hyo-jin and Shin Ryu-jin as the centers. Following the performance, the live voting closed and the announcement of Top 9 started. Both Woo Jin-young and Shin Ryu-jin topped the men's and women's team. In the end, men's team won against women's with the score of 8,114 over 7,866. The scores are determined 20% pre-broadcast online votes, 30% text votes during the live show, 20% pre-broadcast online preference rankings, and 30% judges' scores.


title: Mix Nine

text: The following table shows the performances and winners during the three battles (Position Battle; Formation Battle; Digital Song Battle) during the show. The four songs performed live on Episode 14 are not listed.


title: Mix Nine

text: On May 3, 2018, YG Entertainment revealed that the debut for the male winning group had been cancelled.


title: Mix Nine

text: On June 26, 2018, Happyface Entertainment, whose male trainee Woo Jin Young was set to debut as their center, filed a lawsuit against YG for 10 million Korean won (over 8,800 USD). “More than to be compensated for all the damages we have received, this is a symbolic amount filed in our hopes that Korean popular culture, the home of "hallyu", will progress healthily without the overuse of power by large companies," stated a source from Happyface.


title: Mix Nine

text: On November 26, 2018, representatives from each company presented their arguments at the Seoul Central District Court. The court made the decision to proceed, and the next day of argument was set for January 16, 2019.


title: Virginia General Assembly

text: The Virginia General Assembly is the legislative body of the Commonwealth of Virginia, the oldest continuous law-making body in the Western Hemisphere, the first elected legislative assembly in the New World, and was established on July 30, 1619. The General Assembly is a bicameral body consisting of a lower house, the Virginia House of Delegates, with 100 members, and an upper house, the Senate of Virginia, with 40 members. Combined, the General Assembly consists of 140 elected representatives from an equal number of constituent districts across the commonwealth. The House of Delegates is presided over by the Speaker of the House, while the Senate is presided over by the Lieutenant Governor of Virginia. The House and Senate each elect a clerk and sergeant-at-arms. The Senate of Virginia's clerk is known as the "Clerk of the Senate" (instead of as the "Secretary of the Senate", the title used by the U.S. Senate).


title: Virginia General Assembly

text: Following the 2019 election, the Democratic Party held a majority of seats in both the House and the Senate for the first time since 1996. They were sworn into office on January 8, 2020, at the start of the 161st session. The Republicans recaptured the majority in the House of Delegates in the 2021 election.


title: Virginia General Assembly

text: The General Assembly meets in Virginia's capital of Richmond. When sitting in Richmond, the General Assembly holds sessions in the Virginia State Capitol, designed by Thomas Jefferson in 1788 and expanded in 1904. During the American Civil War, the building was used as the capitol of the Confederate States of America, housing the Congress of the Confederate States. The building was renovated between 2005 and 2006. Senators and Delegates have their offices in the General Assembly Building across the street directly north of the Capitol, which have been rebuilt and are expected to open in 2023. The Governor of Virginia lives across the street directly east of the Capitol in the Virginia Executive Mansion.