title: Vasili III of Russia

text: Regarding internal policy, Vasili III enjoyed the support of the Church in his struggle with the feudal opposition. In 1521, metropolitan Varlaam was banished for refusing to participate in Vasili's fight against an appanage prince, Vasili Ivanovich Shemyachich. Rurikid princes Vasili Shuisky and Ivan Vorotynsky were also sent into exile. The diplomat and statesman, Ivan Bersen-Beklemishev, was executed in 1525 for criticizing Vasili's policies. Maximus the Greek (publicist), Vassian Patrikeyev (statesman) and others were sentenced for the same reason in 1525 and 1531. During the reign of Vasili III, the landownership of the gentry increased, while authorities actively tried to limit immunities and privileges of boyars and the nobility.


title: Vasili III of Russia

text: By 1526 when he was 47 years old, Vasili had been married to Solomonia Saburova for over 20 years with no heir to his throne being produced. Conscious of her husband's disappointment, Solomonia tried to remedy this by consulting sorcerers and going on pilgrimages. When this proved unsuccessful, Vasili consulted the boyars, announcing that he did not trust his two brothers to handle Russia's affairs.


title: Vasili III of Russia

text: The boyars suggested that he take a new wife, and despite much opposition from the clergy, he divorced his barren wife and married Princess Elena Glinskaya, the daughter of a Serbian princess and niece of his friend Michael Glinski. Not many of the boyars approved of his choice, as Elena was of Catholic upbringing. Vasili was so smitten that he defied Russian social norms and trimmed his beard to appear younger. After three days of matrimonial festivity, the couple consummated their marriage, though initially it appeared that Elena was as sterile as Solomonia. The Russian populace began to suspect this was a sign of God's disapproval of the marriage. However, to the great joy of Vasili and the populace, the new tsaritsa gave birth to a son, who would succeed him as Ivan IV. Three years later, a second son, Yuri, was born. According to a story, Solomonia Saburova also bore a son in the convent where she had been confined, just several months after the controversial divorce.


title: Vasili III of Russia

text: Whilst out hunting on horseback near Volokolamsk, Vasili felt a great pain in his right hip, the result of an abscess. He was transported to the village of Kolp, where he was visited by two German doctors who were unable to stop the infection with conventional remedies. Believing that his time was short, Vasili requested to be returned to Moscow, where he was kept in the Saint Joseph Cathedral along the way. By 25 November 1533, Vasili reached Moscow and asked to be made a monk before dying. Taking on the name Varlaam, Vasili died at midnight, 3 December 1533.


title: Russell's sign

text: Russell's sign, named after British psychiatrist Gerald Russell, is a sign defined as calluses on the knuckles or back of the hand due to repeated self-induced vomiting over long periods of time. The condition generally arises from the patient's knuckles making contact with the incisor teeth during the act of inducing the gag reflex at the back of the throat with their finger(s).


title: Russell's sign

text: This type of scarring is considered one of the physical indicators of a mental illness, and Russell's sign is primarily found in patients with an eating disorder such as bulimia nervosa or anorexia nervosa. However, it is not always a reliable indicator of an eating disorder; there are many more factors associated with it.


title: Russell's sign

text: Bulimics who are capable of "handsfree purging", or the induction of vomiting by the willful opening of the esophageal sphincter in a manner similar to belching, while contracting the stomach muscles, do not have Russell's sign.


title: Emotional Freedom Techniques

text: Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) is a form of counseling intervention that stimulates acupressure points by pressuring, tapping, or rubbing these points while focusing on situations that represent personal fear or traumata. EFT draws on various theories of alternative medicine – including acupuncture, neuro-linguistic programming, energy medicine, and Thought Field Therapy (TFT). EFT also combines elements of exposure therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy and somatic stimulation. It is best known through Gary Craig's "EFT Handbook", published in the late 1990s, and related books and workshops by a variety of teachers. EFT and similar techniques are often discussed under the umbrella term "energy psychology."


title: Emotional Freedom Techniques

text: Advocates claim that the technique may be used to treat a wide variety of physical and psychological disorders, and as a simple form of self-administered therapy. The "Skeptical Inquirer" describes the foundations of EFT as "a hodgepodge of concepts derived from a variety of sources, [primarily] the ancient Chinese philosophy of chi, which is thought to be the 'life force' that flows throughout the body." The existence of this life force is "not empirically supported."


title: Emotional Freedom Techniques

text: EFT has no benefit as a therapy beyond (1) the placebo effect or (2) any known effective psychological techniques that may be provided in addition to the purported "energy" technique. It is generally characterized as pseudoscience, and it has not garnered significant support in clinical psychology.


title: Emotional Freedom Techniques

text: During a typical EFT session, the person will focus on a specific issue while tapping on "end points of the body's energy meridians." EFT tapping exercises combine elements of cognitive restructuring and exposure techniques with acupoint stimulation. The technique instructs individuals to tap on meridian endpoints of the body – such as the top of the head, eye brows, under eyes, side of eyes, chin, collar bone, and under the arms. While tapping, they recite specific phrases that target an emotional component of a physical symptom.


title: Emotional Freedom Techniques

text: According to the EFT manual, the procedure consists of the participant rating the emotional intensity of their reaction on a Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS) – i.e., a Likert scale for subjective measures of distress, calibrated 0 to 10 – then repeating an orienting affirmation while rubbing or tapping specific points on the body. Some practitioners incorporate eye movements or other tasks. The emotional intensity is then rescored and repeated until no changes are noted in the emotional intensity.


title: Emotional Freedom Techniques

text: Proponents of EFT and other similar treatments believe that tapping/stimulating acupuncture points provide the basis for significant improvement in psychological problems. However, the theory and mechanisms underlying the supposed effectiveness of EFT have "no evidentiary support" "in the entire history of the sciences of biology, anatomy, physiology, neurology, physics, or psychology." Researchers have described the theoretical model for EFT as "frankly bizarre" and "pseudoscientific." One review noted that one of the highest quality studies found no evidence that the location of tapping points made any difference, and attributed effects to well-known psychological mechanisms, including distraction and breathing therapy.


title: Emotional Freedom Techniques

text: An article in the "Skeptical Inquirer" argued that there is no plausible mechanism to explain how the specifics of EFT could add to its effectiveness, and they have been described as unfalsifiable and therefore pseudoscientific. Evidence has not been found for the existence of meridians.


title: Emotional Freedom Techniques

text: EFT has no useful effect as a therapy beyond the placebo effect or any known-effective psychological techniques that may be used with the purported "energy" technique, but proponents of EFT have published material claiming otherwise. Their work, however, is flawed and hence unreliable: high-quality research has never confirmed that EFT is effective.


title: Emotional Freedom Techniques

text: A 2009 review found "methodological flaws" in research studies that had reported "small successes" for EFT and the related Tapas Acupressure Technique. The review concluded that positive results may be "attributable to well-known cognitive and behavioral techniques that are included with the energy manipulation. Psychologists and researchers should be wary of using such techniques, and make efforts to inform the public about the ill effects of therapies that advertise miraculous claims."


title: Emotional Freedom Techniques

text: A 2016 systematic review found that EFT was effective in reducing anxiety compared to controls, but also called for more research to establish the relative efficacy to that of established treatments.


title: Emotional Freedom Techniques

text: A Delphi poll of an expert panel of psychologists rated EFT on a scale describing how discredited EFT has been in the field of psychology. On average, this panel found EFT had a score of 3.8 on a scale from 1.0 to 5.0, with 3.0 meaning "possibly discredited" and a 4.0 meaning "probably discredited." A book examining pseudoscientific practices in psychology characterized EFT as one of a number of "fringe psychotherapeutic practices," and a psychiatry handbook states EFT has "all the hallmarks of pseudoscience."


title: Emotional Freedom Techniques

text: EFT, along with its predecessor, Thought Field Therapy, has been dismissed with warnings to avoid their use by publications such as "The Skeptic's Dictionary" and Quackwatch.


title: Emotional Freedom Techniques

text: Proponents of EFT and other energy psychology therapies have been "particularly interested" in seeking "scientific credibility" despite the implausible proposed mechanisms for EFT. A 2008 review by energy psychology proponent David Feinstein concluded that energy psychology was a potential "rapid and potent treatment for a range of psychological conditions." However, this work by Feinstein has been widely criticized. One review criticized Feinstein's methodology, noting he ignored several research papers that did not show positive effects of EFT, and that Feinstein did not disclose his conflict of interest as an owner of a website that sells energy psychology products such as books and seminars, contrary to the best practices of research publication. Another review criticized Feinstein's conclusion, which was based on research of weak quality and instead concluded that any positive effects of EFT are due to the more traditional psychological techniques rather than any putative "energy" manipulation. A book published on the subject of evidence-based treatment of substance abuse called Feinstein's review "incomplete and misleading" and an example of a poorly performed evidence-based review of research.


title: Emotional Freedom Techniques

text: Feinstein published another review in 2012, concluding that energy psychology techniques "consistently demonstrated strong effect sizes and other positive statistical results that far exceed chance after relatively few treatment sessions." This review was also criticized, where again it was noted that Feinstein dismissed higher quality studies which showed no effects of EFT, in favor of methodologically weaker studies which did show a positive effect.


title: Boolean

text: Any kind of logic, function, expression, or theory based on the work of George Boole is considered Boolean.


title: Veronica Cooper

text: Veronica Cooper (née Balfe; May 27, 1913 – February 16, 2000) was an American actress who appeared in "The Gay Nighties" and other films under the name Sandra Shaw. She was the wife of the actor Gary Cooper and mother of painter Maria Cooper Janis.


title: Veronica Cooper

text: Veronica Balfe was born in Brooklyn to Veronica Gibbons and Harry Balfe, Jr. Following her parents' divorce, she lived in Paris with her mother. Balfe did not see her father for many years, but kept in touch with her grandfather, who owned a ranch in California. Balfe saw her father a few years before his death in the 1950s. Her mother married Paul Shields, a successful Wall Street financier.


title: Veronica Cooper

text: Cooper graduated from the Todhunter School and the Bennett School in Millbrook, New York. While she was in school, she studied dramatics and participated in some amateur productions. An avid sportswoman, Cooper was known to her friends by the nickname, "Rocky."


title: Veronica Cooper

text: In 1933, she went to see her uncle, Cedric Gibbons, in Hollywood. She received a long-term contract with RKO after a screen test. She played parts in "King Kong", "Blood Money", and "No Other Woman", as well as the sleepwalking countess in the Clark & McCullough comedy short "The Gay Nighties" (1933). She also played herself in "Hedda Hopper's Hollywood No. 3" (1942), and appeared in a few television shows and documentaries.


title: Veronica Cooper

text: Balfe married actor Gary Cooper on December 15, 1933, at her mother's home at 778 Park Avenue, New York; the wedding had been planned for the Waldorf Astoria hotel, but the location was probably changed to avoid public attention. In 1937, she gave birth to their daughter, Maria Veronica Cooper. They separated in 1951, and reconciled in 1953, remaining married until his death in 1961.


title: Veronica Cooper

text: On June 27, 1964, she married plastic surgeon John Marquis Converse in Westport, Connecticut. She was an enthusiastic sportswoman and was the female California skeet champion in the 1930s. She also enjoyed golf, swimming, tennis, and scuba-diving.


title: Cotyledon

text: A cotyledon (; ; ; , gen. (), ) is a significant part of the embryo within the seed of a plant, and is defined as "the embryonic leaf in seed-bearing plants, one or more of which are the first to appear from a germinating seed." The number of cotyledons present is one characteristic used by botanists to classify the flowering plants (angiosperms). Species with one cotyledon are called monocotyledonous ("monocots"). Plants with two embryonic leaves are termed dicotyledonous ("dicots").


title: Cotyledon

text: In the case of dicot seedlings whose cotyledons are photosynthetic, the cotyledons are functionally similar to leaves. However, true leaves and cotyledons are developmentally distinct. Cotyledons are formed during embryogenesis, along with the root and shoot meristems, and are therefore present in the seed prior to germination. True leaves, however, are formed post-embryonically (i.e. after germination) from the shoot apical meristem, which is responsible for generating subsequent aerial portions of the plant.


title: Cotyledon

text: The cotyledon of grasses and many other monocotyledons is a highly modified leaf composed of a "scutellum" and a "coleoptile". The scutellum is a tissue within the seed that is specialized to absorb stored food from the adjacent endosperm. The coleoptile is a protective cap that covers the "plumule" (precursor to the stem and leaves of the plant).


title: Cotyledon

text: Gymnosperm seedlings also have cotyledons. Gnetophytes, cycads, and ginkgos all have 2, whereas in conifers they are often variable in number (multicotyledonous), with 2–24 cotyledons forming a whorl at the top of the hypocotyl (the embryonic stem) surrounding the plumule. Within each species, there is often still some variation in cotyledon numbers, e.g. Monterey pine ("Pinus radiata") seedlings have 5–9, and Jeffrey pine ("Pinus jeffreyi") 7–13 (Mirov 1967), but other species are more fixed, with e.g. Mediterranean cypress always having just two cotyledons. The highest number reported is for big-cone pinyon ("Pinus maximartinezii"), with 24 (Farjon & Styles 1997).


title: Cotyledon

text: Cotyledons may be ephemeral, lasting only days after emergence, or persistent, enduring at least a year on the plant. The cotyledons contain (or in the case of gymnosperms and monocotyledons, have access to) the stored food reserves of the seed. As these reserves are used up, the cotyledons may turn green and begin photosynthesis, or may wither as the first true leaves take over food production for the seedling.


title: Cotyledon

text: Cotyledons may be either epigeal, expanding on the germination of the seed, throwing off the seed shell, rising above the ground, and perhaps becoming photosynthetic; or hypogeal, not expanding, remaining below ground and not becoming photosynthetic. The latter is typically the case where the cotyledons act as a storage organ, as in many nuts and acorns.


title: Cotyledon

text: Hypogeal plants have (on average) significantly larger seeds than epigeal ones. They are also capable of surviving if the seedling is clipped off, as meristem buds remain underground (with epigeal plants, the meristem is clipped off if the seedling is grazed). The tradeoff is whether the plant should produce a large number of small seeds, or a smaller number of seeds which are more likely to survive.


title: Cotyledon

text: The ultimate development of the epigeal habit is represented by a few plants, mostly in the family Gesneriaceae in which the cotyledon persists for a lifetime. Such a plant is "Streptocarpus wendlandii" of South Africa in which one cotyledon grows to be up to 75 centimeters (2.5 feet) in length and up to 61 cm (two feet) in width (the largest cotyledon of any dicot, and exceeded only by "Lodoicea"). Adventitious flower clusters form along the midrib of the cotyledon. The second cotyledon is much smaller and ephemeral.


title: Cotyledon

text: Related plants may show a mixture of hypogeal and epigeal development, even within the same plant family. Groups which contain both hypogeal and epigeal species include, for example, the Southern Hemisphere conifer family Araucariaceae, the pea family, Fabaceae, and the genus "Lilium" (see Lily seed germination types). The frequently garden grown common bean, "Phaseolus vulgaris", is epigeal, while the closely related runner bean, "Phaseolus coccineus", is hypogeal.


title: Cotyledon

text: The term "cotyledon" was coined by Marcello Malpighi (1628–1694). John Ray was the first botanist to recognize that some plants have two and others only one, and eventually the first to recognize the immense importance of this fact to systematics, in "Methodus plantarum" (1682).


title: Cotyledon

text: Theophrastus (3rd or 4th century BC) and Albertus Magnus (13th century) may also have recognized the distinction between the dicotyledons and monocotyledons.


title: Anthony Swofford

text: Anthony Swofford (born August 12, 1970) is an American writer and former U.S. Marine, best known for his 2003 book "Jarhead", based heavily on his accounts of various situations encountered in the Persian Gulf War. This memoir was the basis of the 2005 film of the same name, directed by Sam Mendes.


title: Anthony Swofford

text: Swofford was born on August 12, 1970, in Fairfield, California, into a military family. He grew up living on a military base. His father had served in the Vietnam War, and before that his grandfather had fought in World War II. In fact, he was conceived in Honolulu while his father was on a five-day break from fighting in the Vietnam War.


title: Anthony Swofford

text: In his own words, Swofford describes his younger self, before and during his tenure in the U.S. Marine Corps, as "a reader and a loner".


title: Anthony Swofford

text: Terrified of being a failure in a "normal" life, Swofford wanted to join the Marines from an early age, as he saw it as "an entry into manhood". However, Swofford's father was against his joining, and the first of two recruiters to visit was escorted from the house. Swofford's father had said, "I know some things about the military that they don't show you in the brochures."


title: Anthony Swofford

text: Swofford joined the U.S. Marine Corps at the age of 18, and shortly after he turned 20 he was deployed to Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, awaiting the start of the Persian Gulf War.


title: Anthony Swofford

text: He was a lance corporal while serving as a Scout Sniper Trainee with the Surveillance and Target Acquisition (STA) Platoon of 2nd Battalion, 7th Marines.


title: Anthony Swofford

text: Following the war, Swofford was promoted to corporal. He was uncomfortable with the notion that he was a hero, and deliberately missed the homecoming parade near his base. As far as he was concerned, he had simply done his job and wanted to forget it.


title: Anthony Swofford

text: After leaving the U.S. Marine Corps following the end of the war in the Gulf, Swofford at first found it difficult to adapt to civilian life, due to extreme combat-related PTSD. In his own words, it felt "strange to be in a place without having someone telling me to throw my gear in a truck and go somewhere".


title: Anthony Swofford

text: Swofford returned to the United States, doing a variety of jobs to pay his way. His first job upon his return to civilian life was as a bank teller; however, after only a few months he was robbed at gunpoint, which led him to quit. Swofford also found work in warehouses.


title: Anthony Swofford

text: While attending American River College, a community college in Sacramento, Swofford was published in and was the-editor-in-chief of the "American River Review", an award-winning literary magazine. Later, he received a Bachelor's degree in English from University of California, Davis, and earned a Master of Fine Arts from the Iowa Writers' Workshop, at the University of Iowa.


title: Anthony Swofford

text: Swofford committed himself to writing in 1995, at the age of 24, and built on the encouragement he received at college to write "Jarhead", which documents his time spent in the Gulf. In the book he portrays a grim view of life as a Marine, and indeed shows himself in a rather unflattering light. He said himself, "I could have written a flattering portrait of myself as a young Marine, but it would have been a much lesser book." Reviewing "Jarhead" for "The New York Times", Michiko Kakutani said the book combined "the black humor of "Catch-22" with the savagery of "Full Metal Jacket" and the visceral detail of "The Things They Carried."" In 2004, he received the PEN/Martha Albrand Award for the Art of the Memoir for "Jarhead".


title: Anthony Swofford

text: Following his time at the University of Iowa, Swofford served as an English professor at Lewis and Clark College, where he taught a class in the school's "Inventing America" program, and St. Mary's College of California, until he sold the film rights to "Jarhead". Swofford has had articles, both fiction and non-fiction, published in "The New York Times", "Harper's", "Men's Journal", "The Iowa Review", and other publications. He is a Michener-Copernicus Fellowship recipient and currently teaches creative writing at West Virginia University. His first novel, "Exit A", was published in January 2007. "Exit A" chronicles the life of a boy who grows up on an American Air Force Base in Japan and falls in love with the base general's daughter.


title: Anthony Swofford

text: Swofford co-produced and narrated the 2006 documentary "Semper Fi", is featured in Richard E. Robbins’s documentary "", and has made appearances on several talk shows and in documentaries.


title: Igor Shesterkin

text: Igor Olegovich Shestyorkin (, commonly spelled as Shesterkin; born 30 December 1995) is a Russian professional ice hockey goaltender for the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected by the Rangers in the fourth round, 118th overall, of the 2014 NHL Entry Draft. In his first 82-game season in 2021–22, Shesterkin won the Vezina Trophy as the league's best goaltender.


title: Igor Shesterkin

text: Shesterkin played as a youth with Krylya Sovetov Moscow before he was selected by Spartak Moscow of the Kontinental Hockey League, 43rd overall in the 2012 KHL Draft, as a 16-year old. He played his first season within Spartak, at the MHL level, featuring for MHK Spartak in the 2012–13 season.


title: Igor Shesterkin

text: Shesterkin made his professional and KHL debut midway through the following 2013–14 season, recalled from MHK to close out the final 8 minutes for Spartak in relief of Alexei Ivanov in a 5–3 defeat to HC Ugra on 20 January 2014. He was given his first start three days later, allowing two goals in a 3–1 loss to Lokomotiv Yaroslavl on 23 January. In his eighth appearance, Shesterkin collected his first win, making 33 saves in a 3–0 shutout victory over HC Slovan Bratislava on 2 March. Returning the MHL, Shesterkin registered a 12–7 record in 19 playoff games, along with a 1.75 goals against averange and a .937 save percentage, and four shutouts to help MHK Spartak win the MHL Championship.


title: Igor Shesterkin

text: While out of contract from Spartak and showing strong potential, Shesterkin signed a contract with perennial powerhouse SKA Saint Petersburg on 6 June 2014. As the fifth ranked goalie entering the 2014 NHL Entry Draft, Shesterkin was selected in the fourth round, 118th overall, by the New York Rangers on 28 June.


title: Igor Shesterkin

text: On 3 May 2019, Shesterkin signed a two-year, entry-level contract with the New York Rangers. Shesterkin played in his first NHL preseason game on 21 September, stopping 36 of 40 shots in a 4–1 loss to the Philadelphia Flyers. He was assigned to the Hartford Wolf Pack, the Rangers' minor league affiliate team with the American Hockey League. Shesterkin made his AHL debut during Hartford's 2019–20 season opener on 5 October, during which he made 26 saves in a 5–3 win against the Charlotte Checkers. On 6 January 2020, the Rangers recalled Shesterkin after having success for the Wolf Pack with whom he posted a 15–4–3 record and was named to the 2020 AHL All-Star Classic. In his NHL debut with the Rangers on 7 January, Shesterkin made 29 saves in a 5–3 win against the Colorado Avalanche. Two days later, Shesterkin became the sixth Rangers' goaltender to win his first two games with the team. On 23 February 2020, Shesterkin and teammate Pavel Buchnevich were involved in a car crash. Shesterkin suffered a rib fracture following the incident.


title: Igor Shesterkin

text: On 13 April 2021, Shesterkin earned his first shutout of his NHL career in a 3–0 win against the New Jersey Devils. Subsequently, Shesterkin recorded his second career shutout in the next game against the Devils in a 4–0 contest on 15 April. He became the second Rangers rookie with back-to-back shutouts, and the first Ranger with back-to-back shutouts since Antti Raanta in December 2016. He also became the third Ranger in franchise history with shutouts versus the same opponent in consecutive games.


title: Igor Shesterkin

text: On 9 August 2021, Shesterkin signed a four-year, $22.67 million contract extension with the Rangers. On 18 October, Shesterkin made 40 out of 41 saves during a 2–1 overtime victory over the Toronto Maple Leafs. It was his seventh win with 40-plus saves since his NHL debut in January 2020; the most among all goaltenders during that time span. On 20 February 2022, after defeating the Ottawa Senators 2–1, Shesterkin became the 14th NHL goaltender with at least 50 wins in 79 starts. He concluded the 2021–22 regular season with a 36–13–4 record, leading the league in both save percentage and goals against average. Shesterkin was widely hailed as having had one of the finest showings for a goaltender in the history of the NHL. This attracted considerable speculation as to whether he should be a contender for the Hart Memorial Trophy as the league's most valuable player, seldom awarded to netminders. On 10 May, he was named as a finalist for the Vezina Trophy, awarded to the league's best goaltender. Two days later he was named as a Hart Trophy finalist, the first goaltender so honoured in five years. He ultimately won the Vezina and finished third in Hart voting.


title: Igor Shesterkin

text: The Rangers finished second in the Metropolitan Division, and in the opening round of the 2022 Stanley Cup playoffs faced the Pittsburgh Penguins, whose starting goaltender Tristan Jarry was sidelined by injury. In Game 1, Shesterkin's NHL playoff debut on 3 May, he made 79 saves in the 4–3 triple overtime loss, setting the all-time team record for saves in a playoff game, with the second most saves in a playoff game league-wide. Following a Rangers win in Game 2, the Rangers lost Games 3 and 4 by wide margins, with Shesterkin replaced by Alexandar Georgiev in the second period of each game. The Rangers subsequently rallied to win the next three games and clinch the series. In the next series against the Carolina Hurricanes, the Rangers rallied back from a 2–0 series deficit to win again in 7 games. Shesterkin was again generally considered the difference-maker for his team, backstopping them to key wins when outshot. He finished with a .949 save percentage in the series. Shesterkin became the first goaltender in NHL history to have two assists in a playoff game in which his team faced elimination, and the fifth goaltender with two assists in a single playoff game, as well as the first Rangers goaltender with at least two assists in any game since Mike Richter in a 1992 game against the Quebec Nordiques.


title: Igor Shesterkin

text: The Rangers advanced to the Eastern Conference Final for the first time since 2015, facing the two-time consecutive and defending Stanley Cup champion Tampa Bay Lightning. The contest with the Lightning was widely framed as a competition between Shesterkin and Lightning goaltender Andrei Vasilevskiy, the previous year's Conn Smythe Trophy winner for playoff MVP. Vasilevsky was considered by many, including Shesterkin himself, to be the best goaltender in the world. The Rangers ultimately lost to the Lightning in six games, while Shesterkin recorded a .929 save percentage over the course of the playoffs. Shesterkin was named a First Team All-Star after the end of the playoffs.


title: Igor Shesterkin

text: Shesterkin was a member of the Olympic Athletes from Russia team at the 2018 Winter Olympics. While capturing the gold medal, he did not see any action throughout the tournament as the nation's third goaltender.


title: Igor Shesterkin

text: Shesterkin represented Russia and was one of top goaltenders at the following 2018 World Championships in Denmark. He finished with two victories – both shutouts – and a 1.46 goals against average and a .942 save percentage, both of which were the third-best at the event.


title: Larry Joe Campbell

text: Lawrence Joseph Campbell (born November 29, 1970) is an American actor and comedian best known for his role as Andy on the ABC sitcom "According to Jim".


title: Larry Joe Campbell

text: Born in Cadillac, Michigan, Campbell graduated from high school at Pine River Area Schools and received a Bachelor of Applied Arts in theater at Central Michigan University and a Master of Arts in theater at Wayne State University. In 2005, Campbell returned to Central Michigan University to serve as the grand marshal of the homecoming parade.


title: Larry Joe Campbell

text: His first high-profile TV guest star role probably was as "The Fan" in a February 2000 episode of "Friends" (season 6, episode 14). The next year, he was cast as Andy on "According to Jim". He has also appeared in movies including "Wedding Crashers" and "Showtime", and in commercials including Ball Park hot dog commercials as "Frank," and a PSA for the V-chip on ABC, as "Jim"'s Andy. In 2007, he appeared in two episodes of "My Name Is Earl" as Ron, a security prison guard. Campbell also played Detective Crockers in the 2007 horror film "Drive-Thru". That same year, he made a guest appearance on "Supernatural" (episode: "Bedtime Stories").


title: Larry Joe Campbell

text: Campbell had a small role on Showtime's "Weeds". Larry also appeared as Pete Denham in the 2010 film "Killers" and as Vigs in "Deadrise". Also, he appeared in the Disney Channel shows "I Didn't Do It" as Deputy Doug, "Good Luck Charlie" as Hugo, "Dog with a Blog" as "The Hawk", "Best Friends Whenever" as Mr. Doyle, and CBS' "The New Adventures of Old Christine" and "Rules of Engagement". Campbell played the role of Hog Head in the 2011 film "Hall Pass".


title: Larry Joe Campbell

text: He had a recurring role in the series "The Protector". In 2013, he began touring with a group of comedians led by his "Jim" co-star Jim Belushi known as "Jim Belushi and the Board of Comedy".


title: Larry Joe Campbell

text: In 2017, Campbell had a recurring role as Chief Engineer Newton in the first season of the Fox sci-fi TV series "The Orville". At the end of that season, his character was written out. That same year, he had a recurring role as a step-father to a troubled high schooler in the Netflix documentary "American Vandal", and appeared in an episode of the sitcom "American Housewife". In 2019, he appeared as Officer Wilson in the HBO drama series "Euphoria".


title: Larry Joe Campbell

text: Campbell's wife, Peggy, teaches at the Rolling Hills Country Day School in Rolling Hills Estates, California. The couple have five children.


title: Duty to rescue

text: A duty to rescue is a concept in tort law that arises in a number of cases, describing a circumstance in which a party can be held liable for failing to come to the rescue of another party who could face potential injury or death without being rescued. In common law systems, it is rarely formalized in statutes which would bring the penalty of law down upon those who fail to rescue. This does not necessarily obviate a moral duty to rescue: though law is binding and carries government-authorized sanctions and awarded civil penalties, there are also separate ethical arguments for a duty to rescue even where law does not punish failure to rescue.


title: Duty to rescue

text: In the common law of most English-speaking countries, there is no general duty to come to the rescue of another. Generally, a person cannot be held liable for doing nothing while another person is in peril. However, such a duty may arise in two situations:


title: Duty to rescue

text: Where a duty to rescue arises, the rescuer must generally act with reasonable care, and can be held liable for injuries caused by a reckless rescue attempt. However, many states have limited or removed liability from rescuers in such circumstances, particularly where the rescuer is an emergency worker. Furthermore, the rescuers need not endanger themselves in conducting the rescue.


title: Duty to rescue

text: Many civil law systems, which are common in Continental Europe, Latin America and much of Africa, impose a far more extensive duty to rescue. The duty is usually limited to doing what is "reasonable". In particular, a helper does not have to substantially endanger themselves.


title: Duty to rescue

text: This can mean that anyone who finds someone in need of medical help must take all reasonable steps to seek medical care and render best-effort first aid. Commonly, the situation arises on an event of a traffic accident: other drivers and passers-by must take an action to help the injured without regard to possible personal reasons not to help (e.g. having no time, being in a hurry) or ascertain that help has been requested from officials.


title: Duty to rescue

text: A duty to rescue arises under international shipping law. A ship that is in a position to provide assistance to persons in distress at sea must do so. The requirement is found in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and represents customary international law.


title: Duty to rescue

text: In some countries, there exists a legal requirement for citizens to assist people in distress, unless doing so would put themselves or others in harm's way. Citizens are often required to, at minimum, call the local emergency number, unless doing so would be harmful, in which case the authorities should be contacted when the harmful situation has been removed. , there were such laws in several countries, including Albania, Andorra, Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Israel, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Spain, Switzerland and Tunisia.


title: Duty to rescue

text: Argentina has legislation on "abandonment of persons", Articles 106–108 of the Argentine Penal Code, which includes the provision in Article 106 that "a person who endangers the life or health of another, either by putting a person in jeopardy or ... will be imprisoned for between 2 and 6 years" [emphasis added].


title: Duty to rescue

text: In Brazil, the Article 135 ("Omission for help") of the Brazilian Penal Code states that: One who fails to provide medical assistance to an abandoned child (or lost) or invalid person (or harmed) who is in peril and no harm is present to himself (or herself), or does not call the public authority for help will be either imprisoned for a period ranging from one to six months or fined. The sentence is increased in half if the failure for help results in great personal injury and tripled if it results in death.


title: Duty to rescue

text: In Quebec, which makes use of civil law, there is a general duty to rescue in its Charter of Rights: "Every human being whose life is in peril has a right to assistance...Every person must come to the aid of anyone whose life is in peril, either personally or calling for aid, by giving him the necessary and immediate physical assistance, unless it involves danger to himself or a third person, or he has another valid reason." Criminal law in Canada is under the exclusive jurisdiction of the federal government, so failure to comply with an article of the Charter in Quebec does not constitute a criminal offence except if by doing so a party also violates the Criminal Code.


title: Duty to rescue

text: In Canadian air law, it is mandatory to make oneself and one's aircraft available to aid search-and-rescue efforts if the aircraft is in the immediate area and a distress signal is received.


title: Duty to rescue

text: Under the Danish penal code, all persons must provide aid to the best of their ability to any person who appears to be lifeless or in mortal danger (§ 253), must alert authorities or take similar steps to prevent impending disasters that could cause loss of life (§ 185), must comply with all reasonable requests of assistance by a public authority when a person's life, health or well-being is at stake (§ 142), and must, if they learn of a planned crime against the state, human life or well-being, or significant public goods, do everything in their power to prevent or mitigate the crime, including but not limited to reporting it to authorities (§ 141), in all cases provided that acting would not incur particular danger or personal sacrifice.


title: Duty to rescue

text: Violations are punishable by up to three months (§ 142), two years (§ 185 and § 253) or three years (§ 141) in prison. Before 2004, the maximum penalty for § 185 and § 253 was only 4 and 3 months, respectively.


title: Duty to rescue

text: Outside hit-and-run incidents, § 253 is used only rarely, though a notable 2014 case saw a woman sentenced to a year in prison for abandoning another woman; the abandoned woman had become stuck in a bog and eventually died from exposure.


title: Duty to rescue

text: Anyone who fails to render assistance to a person in danger will be found liable before French Courts (civil and criminal liability). The penalty for this offence in criminal courts is imprisonment and a fine (under article 223–6 of the Criminal Code) while in civil courts judges will order payment of pecuniary compensation to the victims.


title: Duty to rescue

text: The photographers at the scene of the fatal car collision of Diana, Princess of Wales, were investigated for violation of the French law of "non-assistance à personne en danger" (failing to provide assistance to a person in danger), which can be punished by up to 5 years of imprisonment and a fine of up to €75,000.


title: Duty to rescue

text: In Germany, "unterlassene Hilfeleistung" (failure to provide assistance) is a crime under section 323(c) of the German Criminal Code: any person is obligated to provide assistance in case of an accident or general danger if necessary, and is normally immune from prosecution if assistance given in good faith and following the reasonable person's (aka ordinary prudent person's) understanding of required measures turns out to be harmful. Moreover, any individual who hinders a person who is providing or willing to provide assistance to another person in need can also be punished under the same section. Also, the rescuer or responder may not be held liable if the action they should take in order to help is unacceptable for them and they are unable to act (for example when unable to act at the sight of blood). In Germany, knowledge of basic emergency measures and certified attendance of a first aid and CPR course are prerequisites for being granted a driving license.


title: Duty to rescue

text: In Greece, a citizen is required by law to provide help to anyone who asks for it in case of a tragedy or public danger, as long as providing help does not endanger him or her personally. According to article 288 of the criminal code, not providing help in those cases can impose a prison sentence of up to 6 months.


title: Duty to rescue

text: In 1998, Israel enacted the "Stand-not-idly-by-thy-neighbor's-blood Law", taking its name from Leviticus 19:16. It requires one to render assistance whenever one is in the presence of a person who, due to some sudden occurrence, is in severe and immediate danger to life, limb or health, provided that one can do so without placing oneself or a third party in danger. Notifying the authorities (e.g. the police or fire department, as relevant) or calling on others who can render assistance for aid is considered "rendering assistance" under the law. A person obliged to render assistance who fails to do so can be fined.


title: Duty to rescue

text: According to Article 450 of Dutch criminal law: "He who, being a witness to the instantaneous mortal danger of another, fails to provide or procure such help which he can provide or procure without reasonably needing to fear danger to himself or others, will, if the death of the person in need of help occurs, be punished with imprisonment of up to three months or a second category fine."


title: Duty to rescue

text: In Norway, Section 287 of the Penal Code states that "A penalty of a fine or imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months shall be applied to any person who fails to provide assistance to the best of his/her ability to a person at obvious risk of losing his/her life or suffering considerable harm to his/her body or health". This is applicable as long as providing help does not endanger him or her personally.


title: Duty to rescue

text: In Poland, Article 162 of the criminal code states that whoever does not render aid to a person in a situation posing an imminent danger of death or serious injury to health, and is able to do so without exposing himself or another person to a danger of loss of life or serious injury to health, shall be subject to the penalty of imprisonment for up to 3 years.


title: Duty to rescue

text: A person who fails to render assistance for which it is necessary to undergo a medical procedure, or in circumstances in which immediate assistance from an institution or a person appointed for that purpose is possible, shall not commit an offence.


title: Duty to rescue

text: In Russia, Article 125 of the criminal code prohibits knowingly abandoning people who are in life- or health-threatening situations when said people cannot help themselves. However it binds only those who are either legally obligated to care for said people or who themselves have put said people into life or health threatening situation. The maximum penalty is 1 year in prison.


title: Duty to rescue

text: In Serbia, a citizen is required by law to provide help to anyone in need (after for example a major car accident) as long as providing help does not endanger him or her personally. Serbian criminal code Articles 126 and 127 state that should one abandon a helpless person and/or not provide aid to a person in need, one could receive a prison sentence of up to one year. If the person dies of injuries due to no aid having been provided by the bystander, a sentence up to 8 years in prison can be imposed.


title: Duty to rescue

text: In Spain, a citizen is required by law to "provide or seek" help to anyone in need as long as providing help does not endanger him or her personally. Not doing so is a criminal offence under Article 195 of the Spanish Criminal Code.


title: Duty to rescue

text: In Tunisia it is regulated by ،the article 143 of the Tunisian criminal code of 1913, and modified by the ordinance dated July 9, 1942, relating to the lack of "legal" assistance (Duty of rescue)، According to the mentioned article , the failure (on purpose) to assist a person in danger /or dangerous situation (i.e, Injured person, fire or a doctor who refused to give care ...) considered as a criminal offence and it's punishable.


title: Duty to rescue

text: Legal requirements for a duty to rescue do not pertain in all nations, states, or localities. However, a moral or ethical duty to rescue may exist even where there is no legal duty to rescue. There are a number of potential justifications for such a duty.


title: Duty to rescue

text: One sort of justification is general and applies regardless of role-related relationships (doctor to patient; firefighter to citizen, etc.). Under this general justification, persons have a duty to rescue other persons in distress by virtue of their common humanity, regardless of the specific skills of the rescuer or the nature of the victim's distress.


title: Duty to rescue

text: These would justify cases of rescue and in fact make such rescue a duty even between strangers. They explain why philosopher Peter Singer suggests that if one saw a child drowning and could intervene to save him, they should do so, if the cost is moderate to themselves. Damage to their clothing or shoes or how late it might make them for a meeting would be insufficient excuse to avoid assistance. Singer goes on to say that one should also attempt to rescue distant strangers, not just nearby children, because globalization has made it possible to do so.


title: Duty to rescue

text: There are also ethical justifications for role-specific or skill-specific duties of rescue such as those described above under the discussion of U.S. Common Law. Generally, these justifications are rooted in the idea that the "best" rescues, the most effective rescues, are done by those with special skills. Such persons, when available to rescue, are thus even more required to do so ethically than regular persons who might simply make things worse (for a utilitarian, rescue by a skilled professional in a relevant field would maximize the good even better than rescue by a regular stranger). This particular ethical argument makes sense when considering the ability firefighters to get both themselves and victims safely out of a burning building, or of health care personnel such as physicians, nurses, physician's assistants, and EMTs to provide medical rescue.


title: Duty to rescue

text: These are some of the ethical justifications for a duty to rescue, and they may hold true for both regular citizens and skilled professionals even in the absence of legal requirements to render aid.


title: Duty to rescue

text: In an 1898 case, "Buch v. Amory Mfg. Co.", 69 N.H. 257, 44 A. 809, 1897 N.H. LEXIS 49 (N.H. 1898), the New Hampshire Supreme Court unanimously held that after an eight-year-old boy negligently placed his hand in the defendant's machinery, the boy had no right to be rescued by the defendant. Beyond that, the trespassing boy could be held liable for damages to the defendant's machine.


title: Duty to rescue

text: In the 1907 case "People v. Beardsley", Beardsley's mistress, Blanche Burns, passed out after overdosing on morphine. Rather than seek medical attention, Beardsley instead had a friend hide her in the basement, and Burns died a few hours later. Beardsley was tried and convicted of manslaughter for his negligence. However, his conviction was reversed by the Supreme Court of Michigan saying that Beardsley had no legal obligation to her.


title: Duty to rescue

text: Some states such as Minnesota, Vermont, and Rhode Island make it a misdemeanor offence if it is known that someone is in serious danger and someone can intervene safely or call 911 and they do not.


title: Duty to rescue

text: In 2016, an 83-year-old man collapsed in a bank lobby in Essen and later died. Several customers stepped over him without providing assistance. With the help of security camera footage, these customers were identified and sentenced to fines of several thousand euro each for failing to provide assistance. A customer who phoned emergency services was not indicted, as he was considered to have provided sufficient assistance.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: Ship of Theseus is a 2012 Indian drama film written and directed by Anand Gandhi, and produced by actor Sohum Shah. The film explores "questions of identity, justice, beauty, meaning and death through the stories of an experimental photographer, an ailing monk and an enterprising stockbroker", played by Aida El-Kashef, Neeraj Kabi and Sohum Shah.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: After three years in development, the film premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival, where it received critical acclaim and was touted as "the hidden gem of the year".


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: It has received positive reviews from both Indian and international press and has been hailed as "the most significant film to come out of India in a very long time". Film critic Derek Malcolm has called it a "life-changing film" and "Variety" commended its "unexpected grandeur".


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: The title of the film alludes to Theseus' paradox, most notably recorded in "Life of Theseus", wherein the Greek historian and philosopher Plutarch inquires whether a ship that has been restored by replacing all its parts remains the same ship.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: The film released in India on 19 July 2013. It won the award for the Best Feature Film of the year at the 61st National Film Awards.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: Aaliya Kamal (Aida El-Kashef) is a visually impaired and celebrated Egyptian photographer in the process of undergoing a cornea transplant that will restore her vision. Though the surgery is a success and Aaliya's vision is restored, she has trouble adjusting to her new found sense of sight and is dissatisfied with her resulting photography.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: Maitreya (Neeraj Kabi), an erudite Jain monk, is part of a petition to ban animal testing in India. When he is diagnosed with liver cirrhosis, his reluctance towards animal-tested medication is questioned and he must now depend on the people he's been fighting against – a path he refuses to take.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: A young Indian stockbroker, Navin (Sohum Shah), has just received a new kidney. He soon learns of a case of organ theft involving an impoverished bricklayer, Shankar. He initially fears that his new kidney was the one stolen from Shankar. When he learns that the recipient of the kidney lives in Sweden, he decides to go there to help Shankar get his kidney back – but is Shankar perhaps better helped by a large financial settlement instead of having two kidneys again?


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: Ship of Theseus ends with the Platonic Allegory of the cave. The philosopher Plato argues that human beings are imprisoned in the cave of their own existence, falsely believing the temporary as having permanence. The job of a philosopher, he argues, is to help people find a way out of the cave.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: In the last scene of the film, we see the shadow of the man in the walls of the cave he is exploring. Those who received his organs (including Aaliya, Maitreya and Navin) watch this short clip. The man who we see only as the shadow in this clip did not make it out of the allegorical prison-cave described by Plato.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: Anand Gandhi conceived the story while he was nursing his ailing grandparents at the hospital. It was here that he developed stories addressing the idea of the self, change and death. Through the ailing monk and the socially incognizant stockbroker, Gandhi and co-story writer Khushboo Ranka discussed questions of non-violence, altruism and responsibility. On cinematographer Pankaj Kumar's suggestion, they developed the parallel story of a visually impaired photographer, who struggles with her revived sight following a cornea transplant. Gandhi spent the year after that developing the screenplay.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: With a screenplay in hand, he set out to meet several producers – both independent and eminent. However, producing the film was usually perceived as a challenge, owing to prejudices about the commercial viability of an Indian film, dealing in such subject matter. Eventually, actor Sohum Shah decided to step in as the producer of the film, "to safeguard the artistic integrity of the project".


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: Anand first met Egyptian filmmaker Aida El-Kashef in 2008, at the Hannover Film Festival where their respective short films – 'Continuum' (which Gandhi had co-directed with Khushboo Ranka) and 'Rhapsody in Autumn' – were being screened. The following year, Aida assisted Anand with the casting of the film. Her reading of the photographer's lines, while auditioning actors for the character of the boyfriend, motivated Gandhi and DP Pankaj Kumar to cast her in the role. The character was subsequently re-written to accommodate her background and ethnicity.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: Neeraj Kabi, a Mumbai-based theatre actor and director, was considered for the role of Maitreya from the outset. Gandhi and Kabi discussed the character in detail, and rehearsed for a few months, prior to principal photography.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: Sohum Shah met Gandhi through a mutual friend, and was chosen for the role of Navin in the stockbroker story, along with his friend and ally, Sameer Khurana (aka Mannu). Eventually, Shah found himself drawn to Gandhi's story and vision, and came on board as the producer of the film as well.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: A lot of non-actors and friends were cast to play secondary and passing parts. Sunip Sengupta is a real-life lawyer. Vinay Shukla playing the young law intern Charvaka is a filmmaker, and Megha Ramaswamy, playing the interviewer, is a writer-producer. Paromita Vohra, a feminist documentary filmmaker, makes an appearance as well.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: The film was shot over a period of two years on a Canon EOS-1D Mark IV, along with a Redrock Micro rig and a lot of guerilla techniques developed by DP Pankaj Kumar. Most of the film was shot on location in and around Mumbai, in Jaipur, Chhitkul (Himachal Pradesh) and also included a brief schedule in Stockholm. While shooting outside of Mumbai, the production unit generally consisted of a three-person crew, with each multi-tasking in various capacities.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: For the Stockholm shoot, Gandhi connected with Rupesh Tillu, a theatre and clown artist based in the city. Tillu handled production and helped the team connect with actors and scout locations. He also played the role of Ajay, Navin's friend in Stockholm.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: To portray the ailing physical condition of Maitreya, Kabi lost close to over four months, through a rigorous diet and exercise routine. Through this period, Kabi's fragile state deterred him from taking on any additional acting or theatre work.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: Gandhi also collaborated with Budapest-based Sound Designer, Gabor Erdelyi, who had earlier worked on some of Bela Tarr's films, including "The Turin Horse".


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: A work-in-progress version of the film was screened in the Film Bazaar in Goa in 2011. This is where Netherlands-based film sales company, Fortissimo Films, picked up world sales rights to the film.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival in September 2012, and has subsequently been screened at the Tokyo International Film Festival, the BFI London Film Festival, the Dubai International Film Festival, the Mumbai Academy of Moving Images, the Brisbane International Film Festival, the Rotterdam International Film Festival and the Hong Kong International Film Festival 2013.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: The film was screened at Munich and Transylvania where it won the Best Film and Best Cinematography awards. It was also shown at the Sydney Film festival, where Anand Gandhi was invited to be a part of the international jury.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: Ship of Theseus was released in theatres across Bangalore, Mumbai, Pune, Delhi, Kolkata and Hyderabad on 19 July 2013. Through the Vote For Your City Campaign, an initiative which saw audiences vote for the film to be released in specific cities, the film was released in Chennai, Kochi, Baroda and Ahmedabad on 26 July 2013. Film was further released in 17 more cities on 2 August.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: Kiran Rao, after watching the film at Enlighten Films' Naya Film Festival, came on board to present it to Indian audiences with UTV Motion Pictures as the distribution partner.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: On 7 November 2013 the film was released in Australia with actor Hugo Weaving ("The Matrix" trilogy, "Cloud Atlas", "Lord of the Rings" film trilogy, "V for Vendetta") presenting.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: On 15 January 2014 Ship of Theseus was made available for free online viewing and downloading for audiences in India. Soon, the filmmaker tweeted that besides the official free download page, people are also welcome to download the film via unauthorized torrents, in lieu of contributions towards the crowd funding campaign of their next production "Proposition for a Revolution".


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: Ship of Theseus has been released on DVD and Blu-ray by Eagle Home Entertainment. The DVD has been released as 2-Disc Edition with bonus disc containing features like Interviews, Bloopers, Making, 2 short films by Anand Gandhi, Deleted scenes, Production stills and a Pin-up poster. The Blu-ray version incorporates all the Bonus features on same disc. Both, DVD and Blu-ray have been meticulously designed by the team at Recyclewala Labs in collaboration with Kriti Media Services (now Cinephile Media), who have mastered and authored them.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: In March 2015 entire footage rushes from the film: over 34 hours of footage with keywords, used/ unused annotations and descriptions, was released on the online platform Pad.ma.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: The film received generally positive reviews upon release. Some reviewers named it "one of the most significant films to have ever come out of India".


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports that the film holds a rare 100% approval rating, based on 14 reviews, with a weighted average of 7.72/10.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: Members of the Critics' Circle, UK were invited to select and introduce a screening of "the film that changed their life," to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the organisation. The list of 15 films included The 400 Blows, Annie Hall, Raging Bull, The Battle of Algiers and Hamlet. The president of the British Federation of Film Societies, Derek Malcolm chose Ship of Theseus.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: Screen International commended the film as being, "Cerebral, visually stunning and completely different to anything we’ve seen before from independent Indian cinema… [a film] aiming at art and importance rather than mere profit." Variety wrote, "Indie Indian cinema has finally come of age on the international fest scene, and no film better demonstrates this than Ship of Theseus."


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: The Canadian film critic, Marc Saint Cyr, after viewing the film at the Rotterdam film festival, in his Senses of Cinema review said, "unquestionably describes [the film] as [a] true revelation". He also noted the dialogue to be, "consistently gripping, strikingly intelligent, and occasionally laced with surprising humour".


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: The Globe and Mail called it "an intellectual, contemplative film", and also pointed out "its occasional tendency to take its abstract ideas on the nature of self-identity and wrap them into neat plot twists can mildly disappoint. A small criticism though."


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: Indian film critic Rajeev Masand in his review wrote, "Languidly paced and lushly filmed, Ship of Theseus is just as rich cinematically, and benefits from terrific performances by each of the protagonists, particularly Kabi whose physical transformation as the ailing monk is a sight to behold."


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: Shubha Shetty-Saha in her five-star review for Mid-Day observed, "Once in a while comes a film like this one, which along with shaking your core, also manages to make you grateful for being a humble part of the audience. 'Ship of Theseus' is one such rare film."


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: An NDTV review opined that, "Ship of Theseus is an extraordinary achievement. To miss it would be tantamount to missing one of the finest Indian films of recent times."


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: Shekhar Kapur tweeted, "Finally a brilliant new filmmaker emerges in Anand Gandhi with 'Ship of Theseus'."


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: Actor Hugo Weaving said, "Ship of Theseus is an absolutely rare and profound piece of cinema, full of wonder and enlightenment. Anand Gandhi has proved himself as a groundbreaking filmmaker."


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: Anurag Kashyap called it, "The most brilliant film to have been made in India in decades. Puts all of us to shame."


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: Veteran filmmaker Shyam Benegal deemed it, "A rare film that engages your mind, emotions and senses in equal measure providing the viewer a cinematic experience that is both hugely entertaining and stimulating."


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: Celebrated documentary filmmaker and polemicist Anand Patwardhan wrote, "Anand Gandhi’s 'Ship of Theseus' is Kieslowskian in scope and delivery, playing between serendipity and causality, but it took me that crucial step further in its rediscovery of the human."


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: Man Booker Prize winning author and political activist Arundhati Roy wrote, "Ship of Theseus is a profound and fearless film. It is fearlessly contemporary, fearlessly un-noisy and utterly beautifully observed."


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: Atul Kulkarni called it, "Ship of Theseus. A must, must, must watch. Go with lots of patience and you shall be rewarded with a 'life' time experience ..."


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: Dibakar Banerjee said, "Ship of Theseus gave me serious doubts about myself as a filmmaker. I seriously introspected for two-three days about my thinking as a filmmaker... This was one film which captivated you, which held you, which mesmerised you without manipulating even once." He also wrote a favourable review on the film and afforded it much praise, encouraging readers to watch the film twice.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: At the core, the film assumes a, "physical and philosophical interpretation of the Ship of Theseus paradox." Questions of death, morality and ethics form part of the struggles of each of the three central characters. TimeOut London has called it a "A docu-drama interweaving three stories exploring life in contemporary Mumbai."


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: Most of the themes are apparent through the film's characters: "They shared the central themes of idealism, identity, flexibility and the fallibility of conclusive knowing… At the heart, it is a story that celebrates dichotomy, paradox, duality and irony."


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: The film also delves into the nature of relationships – "bound by similarities and challenged by the differences." Anand Gandhi has been further quoted as saying the characters themselves are, "…manifestations of my artistic, ethical, social and philosophical struggles."


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: The character Aaliya's visual disability has been described as being central to the idea of the Theseus paradox, wherein one of her parts has been replaced as it was in the mythical ship. It is this replacement that affects her photography and is recognised as the central conflict of the film. Her regained sight sees her relinquishing her natural intuition.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: The filmmaker has been quoted as saying, "There have been a lot of ideas that have fascinated me for a long time. Ship of Theseus has got a very interesting problem of identity and change. The idea that a human changes through a period of time bring us to the question of identity. We also face the question of responsibility in a constantly shifting, changing scenario. The film is a series of interesting problems,"


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: Nowtoronto.com in its review observed that, "the film measures Mumbai's changing identity, where the modern equivalent of reincarnation could be a kidney transplant."


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: The monk faced with the dilemma of depending on the very people he is fighting against as a result of his diagnosis, is forced to choose between dying and compromising on his beliefs. His battle with the disease and the notions of those around him makes it an all the more difficult task to stick to his ideals.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: The stockbroker's pursuit of the stolen kidney's recipient results in his questioning the morality of such a situation. The film also explores the intricacy of morality. It is the moral dilemmas of all three protagonists that tie the seemingly disparate parts of the film together.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: The story of the film depicts changes in lives of people who received organ transplants. The film depicts cornea, liver and kidney transplants.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: The title of the film, 'Ship of Theseus' alludes to the highly debated Theseus' paradox (also referred to as the Theseus' Ship). The paradox engages in the idea of identity: "If parts of an object are replaced with similar parts, does it remain the same?" The film also refers to ethical issues brought out by applying the Theseus paradox to human beings, "All the cells in a person’s body regenerate entirely in seven years. An individual goes through a shift psychologically, ideologically and physically. Is it still the same person?"


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: The young lawyer's name, Charvaka, is a reference to the ancient Indian atheist Cārvāka, said to have founded the first atheist system of Indian philosophy that assumes various forms of philosophical skepticism and religious indifference. His resulting dialogue with the monk takes on a similar stance.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: The film also pays homage to the Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster, the satirical religion started in reaction to the introduction of teaching creationism in schools. The T-shirt donned by the character Charvaka in a scene with the monk reads "Pastafarian", an allusion to the followers of the Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: During the photographer's interview she mentions Patrick Süskind's novel, "Perfume" and likens her intent with art as being similar to the protagonist from the book "in the quest to capture the essence of everything".


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: An early trailer of the film played a scene deleted from the final cut, which had the character Vinay (Faraz Khan) read out a quote from Jean Baudrillard's Simulacra and Simulation. "Photographic light is not realistic or natural, it is not artificial either..." In the same scene, Aliya, the photographer, also refers to the sphere in a plane-land thought experiment.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: The character of Maitreya draws inspiration from thinkers, philosophers and activists such as 19th-century Jain philosopher Shrimad Rajchandra, who was a spiritual guide of Mohandas Gandhi, activist Satish Kumar, environmentalist Abhay Mehta and Peter Singer. In one of the scenes, the character Dr. Bhargava presents Maitreya with a copy of the Resurgence ("Resurgence & Ecologist") magazine that is published and edited by Satish Kumar, known as the man who "walked the planet".


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: Anand Gandhi on the genesis of his film, "The three short stories evolved to fill in the three corners of the classical Indian trinity of Satyam-Shivam-Sunderam (The pursuit of truth, the pursuit of righteousness and the pursuit of beauty)."


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: The TV in the stock broker's hospital ward shows an elderly man cycling through water. It is a reference to an inventor from Bihar who modified a bicycle to turn it amphibious at the flip of a switch. The fictitious new channel is a nod to the National Innovation Foundation, an autonomous institution that supports grassroots innovations.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: The voice over mechanism that the photographer's camera has installed as a sight-aid, is an in–film invention by Anand Gandhi. There currently is no such assistance available for the visually impaired.


title: Ship of Theseus (film)

text: The monk's chant was written in Prakrit, specifically for the film, in order to lend credibility to the fictitious religion that he follows, inspired from Jainism and Buddhism.


title: Margaret Brennan

text: Margaret Brennan (born March 26, 1980) is an American journalist based in Washington, D.C. The current moderator of "Face the Nation with Margaret Brennan" on CBS News, she is also a fill-in and substitute anchor for "CBS Evening News", and the network's chief foreign affairs correspondent. Brennan was previously a White House correspondent for CBS and has covered Washington since 2012.


title: Margaret Brennan

text: Prior to CBS, Brennan anchored the weekday show "InBusiness with Margaret Brennan" on Bloomberg Television. She was also a CNBC correspondent contributing to various NBC News programs.


title: Margaret Brennan

text: Brennan is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the Gridiron Club. She also serves on the alumni advisory board at the University of Virginia School and the Advisory Board of the Smurfit School of Business at University College Dublin.


title: Margaret Brennan

text: Brennan was born on March 26, 1980, in Stamford, Connecticut, to Edward Brennan and Jane Brennan, an elementary school art and art history teacher in the Pennsbury, Pennsylvania school district. She is of Irish descent.


title: Margaret Brennan

text: Brennan graduated with honors from the Convent of the Sacred Heart in Greenwich, Connecticut, in 1998. She then attended the University of Virginia, graduating with highest distinction in 2002 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in foreign affairs and Middle Eastern studies with a minor in Arabic. She was named an Emmerich-Wright scholar for her thesis and also studied abroad at Yarmouk University in Irbid, Jordan, on a Fulbright-Hays Grant.


title: Margaret Brennan

text: In 2015, she received an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from Niagara University for her work in international affairs.


title: Margaret Brennan

text: Brennan began her business news career in 2002 at CNBC as a producer for prominent financial journalist Louis Rukeyser. She wrote, did research, and booked guests for the weekly "Louis Rukeyser's Wall Street" program and prime-time specials.


title: Margaret Brennan

text: Brennan later worked as a producer on "Street Signs with Ron Insana", for which she coordinated guest bookings and produced interviews with former President George W. Bush and former Secretary of State Colin Powell.


title: Margaret Brennan

text: She conducted interviews with former Walmart CEO Lee Scott and Irish Prime Minister Brian Cowen. She broke the story of Circuit City's liquidation in 2009 and regularly covered changing consumer trends for the network.


title: Margaret Brennan

text: At Bloomberg, she anchored "InBusiness with Margaret Brennan", a weekday program broadcast live from the New York Stock Exchange that covered the top political, economic and global financial news impacting the marketplace. During her tenure, she broadcast live from Riyadh, Dubai, Cairo, London, Dublin, Abu Dhabi, and Davos. Brennan covered top breaking news stories involving the European debt crisis, the largest insider trading case in U.S. history, and the BP oil spill. She anchored live from Tahrir Square as Hosni Mubarak stepped down after 30 years in power.


title: Margaret Brennan

text: Additionally, Brennan has interviewed the International Monetary Fund's Christine Lagarde, investor George Soros, and former British Prime Minister Tony Blair as well as Ireland's Prime Minister and Dubai's ruler during their respective debt crises.


title: Margaret Brennan

text: Brennan left Bloomberg in 2012; on April 27, 2012, she hosted her last show of "InBusiness". No reason was given for her departure other than the chance to pursue new opportunities.


title: Margaret Brennan

text: Brennan joined CBS News in July 2012 and has been based in Washington since that time. She reported on the White House throughout the Obama and Trump administrations for CBS programs and is a substitute anchor on CBS This Morning and the CBS Evening News. Brennan was also part of the CBS News team honored with a 2012-2013 Alfred I. Dupont-Columbia Award for coverage of the Newtown tragedy.


title: Margaret Brennan

text: Brennan's reporting has taken her to Tehran, Baghdad, Kabul, Beijing, and Havana. She has covered diplomatic negotiations, including the nuclear deal with Iran, the chemical weapons deal in Syria, and the reopening of relations with Cuba. She conducted the first US interview with South Korean President Park Geun-Hye, covering the president's hardline policy against North Korea.


title: Margaret Brennan

text: The interview made headlines in Pyongyang and Seoul, where Brennan's etiquette was the topic of a morning show.


title: Margaret Brennan

text: She was also among the first reporters to interview Hillary Clinton about the fatal attack on the US mission in Benghazi, Libya.


title: Margaret Brennan

text: At a press conference on September 9, 2013, she asked Secretary of State John Kerry about any possibility for the Syrian government to avoid a U.S. strike. Kerry's answer, that Assad could "turn over every single bit of his chemical weapons to the international community in the next week" (although later his answer was retracted as "a rhetorical argument about the impossibility and unlikelihood of Assad turning over chemical weapons he has denied using" by a State Department spokesperson), led Russia's foreign minister Sergey V. Lavrov to propose this as a solution to the crisis.


title: Margaret Brennan

text: On February 22, 2018, she was named the 10th moderator of "Face the Nation", the CBS Sunday morning political interview program, becoming the second woman to moderate the program.


title: Margaret Brennan

text: "Irish America magazine" named her one of the top Irish Americans and one of the top 100 Irish-Americans in business and in media. In 2003, she was named one of the top journalists under the age of 30 by the NewsBios/TJFR Group.


title: Margaret Brennan

text: Brennan won an Emmy Award for "Outstanding News Special" for her coverage of the Parkland High School shooting. Brennan received two Emmy nominations for "Outstanding News Analysis", for her coverage of both the COVID-19 pandemic and Iran–United States relations.


title: Margaret Brennan

text: In 2020, she won a Wilbur Award from the Religion Communicators Council. In 2021, she received first place in the National Headliner Awards for her coverage of the COVID-19 outbreak in "Facing the Pandemic".


title: Margaret Brennan

text: In 2015 Brennan married Yado Yakub, a Syrian-American attorney who is a judge advocate in the United States Marine Corps. During an appearance on "The Late Show with Stephen Colbert" on April 30, 2018, Brennan announced she was pregnant with their first child, a boy. He was born on September 11, 2018. She announced on Instagram on December 23, 2020 that she was expecting her second child. Her second child, a son, was born on April 28, 2021.


title: Sugar Lyn Beard

text: Stephanie Lyn Beard (born August 27, 1981), better known by her stage name Sugar Lyn Beard, is a Canadian actress and radio personality. Her radio host persona uses the name "Suga BayBee", and as co-host of YTV's "The Zone" from 2001–2007, she was called "Sugar".


title: Sugar Lyn Beard

text: Beard was born in Scarborough, Ontario, Canada. Her Suga BayBee was also a character on the "Mad Dog and Billie" morning show formerly aired on Toronto radio station KISS 92.5. Beard's squeaky-voiced character began appearing on KISS when Beard was 19 years old and otherwise working as a sales clerk.


title: Sugar Lyn Beard

text: Her voice in 2000 was most known as the voice of Sailor Mini Moon in the Cloverway adaptation of "Sailor Moon".


title: Sugar Lyn Beard

text: From June 2001 to January 26, 2007, Beard hosted and produced "The Zone", a series of short interstitial segments that aired between regular weekday programming on the Canadian children's network YTV. Between 2002 and 2007, the programming block was hosted by both Beard and Carlos Bustamante, another long-time YTV host that was the host of The Zone from 2002-2018. She also hosted additional programs like "Sugar & Avril: A Zone Special". She and Bustamante hosted a weekly hour-long program, "Plugged In", on the Corus Entertainment website boomboxbaby.ca.


title: Sugar Lyn Beard

text: She also had a column in the youth newspaper, "Brand New Planet"; it was distributed with subscriptions to the "Toronto Star" only. In 2006, the "Star" put her on the long list for Children's Entertainment, when creating their Essentially Canadian Top 10 lists.


title: Sugar Lyn Beard

text: Among her works, she played the role of Susan in the 2011 film "50/50" and the character Fiona in two episodes of season 6 of "Weeds". She also played Krissy in the 2012 film "For a Good Time, Call...", and Jeanie in the 2016 comedy "Mike and Dave Need Wedding Dates".


title: Naram-Sin of Akkad

text: Naram-Sin, also transcribed Narām-Sîn or Naram-Suen (: "Na-ra-am Sîn", meaning "Beloved of the Moon God Sîn", the "" being a silent honorific for "Divine"), was a ruler of the Akkadian Empire, who reigned c. 2254–2218 BC (middle chronology), and was the third successor and grandson of King Sargon of Akkad. Under Naram-Sin the empire reached its maximum strength. He was the first Mesopotamian king known to have claimed divinity for himself, taking the title "God of Akkad", and the first to claim the title "King of the Four Quarters, King of the Universe". As part of that he became city god of Akkade in the same way Enlil was city god of Nippur.


title: Naram-Sin of Akkad

text: Naram-Sin was born as a son of Manishtushu. He was thus a nephew of King Rimush and grandson of Sargon and Tashlultum. Naram-Sin's aunt was the High Priestess En-hedu-ana. To be fully correct, rather than Naram-Sin or Naram-Suen "in Old Akkadian, the name in question should rather be reconstructed as Naram-Suyin (more precisely, /narām-tsuyin/) or Naram-Suʾin (/narām-tsuʾin/)".


title: Naram-Sin of Akkad

text: Naram-Sin defeated Manium of Magan, and various northern hill tribes in the Zagros, Taurus, and Amanus Mountains, expanding his empire up to the Mediterranean Sea and Armenia. His "Victory Stele" depicts his triumph over Satuni, chief of Lullubi in the Zagros Mountains. The king list gives the length of his reign as 56 years, and at least 20 of his year-names are known, referring to military actions against various places such as Uruk and Subartu. One unknown year was recorded as "the Year when Naram-Sin was victorious against Simurrum in Kirasheniwe and took prisoner Baba the governor of Simurrum, and Dubul the "ensi" of Arame". Other year names refer to his construction work on temples in Akkad, Nippur, and Zabala. He also built administrative centers at Nagar and Nineveh. At one point in his reign much of the empire, led by Iphur-Kis from the city of Kish rose in rebellion and was put down strongly.


title: Naram-Sin of Akkad

text: The submission of some Sumerian rulers to Naram-Sin, and in general to the Akkadian Empire, is recorded in the seal inscriptions of Sumerian rulers such as Lugal-ushumgal, governor (ensi) of Lagash ("Shirpula"), circa 2230-2210 BC. Several inscriptions of Lugal-ushumgal are known, particularly seal impressions, which refer to him as governor of Lagash and at the time a vassal (, "arad", "servant" or "slave") of Naram-Sin, as well as his successor Shar-kali-sharri. One of these seals proclaims:


title: Naram-Sin of Akkad

text: It can be considered that Lugalushumgal was a collaborator of the Akkadian Empire, as was Meskigal, ruler of Adab. Later however, Lugal-ushumgal was succeeded by Puzer-Mama who, as Akkadian power waned, achieved independence from Shar-Kali-Sharri, assuming the title of "King of Lagash" and starting the illustrious Second Dynasty of Lagash.


title: Naram-Sin of Akkad

text: Elam had been under the domination of Akkad, at least temporarily, since the time of Sargon. The Elamite king Khita is probably recorded as having signed a peace treaty with Naram-Sin, stating: "The enemy of Naram-Sin is my enemy, the friend of Naram-Sin is my friend". It has been suggested that the formal treaty allowed Naram-Sin to have peace on his eastern borders, so that he could deal more effectively with the threat from Gutium. Further study of the treaty suggests that Khita provided Elamite troops to Naram-Sin, that he married his daughter to the Akkadian king, and that he agreed to set up statues of Naram-Sin in the sanctuaries of Susa. As a matter of fact, it is well known that Naram-Sin had extreme influence over Susa during his reign, building temples and establishing inscriptions in his name, and having the Akkadian language replace Elamite in official documents.


title: Naram-Sin of Akkad

text: During the rule of Naram-Sin, "military governors of the country of Elam" (shakkanakkus) with typically Akkadian names are known, such as Ili-ishmani or Epirmupi. This suggests that these governors of Elam were officials of the Akkadian Empire.


title: Naram-Sin of Akkad

text: The conquest of Armanum and Ebla on the Mediterranean coast by Naram-Sin is mentioned in several of his inscriptions:


title: Naram-Sin of Akkad

text: An alabaster stele representing captives being led by Akkadian soldiers is generally attributed to Narim-Sin on stylistic grounds. In particular, it is considered as more sophisticated graphically than the steles of Sargon of Akkad or those of Rimush. Two fragments are in the National Museum of Iraq, and one in the Boston Museum. The stele is quite fragmentary, but attempts at reconstitution have been made. Depending on sources, the fragments were excavated in Wasit, al-Hay district, Wasit Governorate, or in Nasiriyah, both locations in Iraq.


title: Naram-Sin of Akkad

text: It is thought that the stele represents the result of the campaigns of Naram-Sin to Cilicia or Anatolia. This is suggested by the characteristics of the booty carried by the soldiers in the stele, especially the metal vessel carried by the main soldier, the design of which is unknown in Mesopotamia, but on the contrary well known in contemporary Anatolia.


title: Naram-Sin of Akkad

text: One Mesopotamian myth, a historiographic poem entitled "The curse of Akkad: the Ekur avenged", explains how the empire created by Sargon of Akkad fell and the city of Akkad was destroyed. The myth was written hundreds of years after Naram-Sin's life and is the poet's attempt to explain how the Gutians succeeded in conquering Sumer. After an opening passage describing the glory of Akkad before its destruction, the poem tells of how Naram-Sin angered the chief god Enlil by plundering the Ekur (Enlil's temple in Nippur.) In his rage, Enlil summoned the Gutians down from the hills east of the Tigris, bringing plague, famine and death throughout Mesopotamia. Food prices became vastly inflated, with the poem stating that 1 lamb would buy only half a "sila" (about 425 ml) of grain, half a "sila" of oil, or half a "mina" (about 250g) of wool. To prevent this destruction, eight of the gods (namely Inanna, Enki, Sin, Ninurta, Utu, Ishkur, Nusku, and Nidaba) decreed that the city of Akkad should be destroyed in order to spare the rest of Sumer and cursed it. This is exactly what happens, and the story ends with the poet writing of Akkad's fate, mirroring the words of the gods' curse earlier on:


title: Naram-Sin of Akkad

text: These Gutian raids were indeed devastating, but it is unknown how badly they affected Sumer. At some point in the Akkadian Period the Gutians established a capital at the city of Adab. Naram-Sin may have passed on his empire to his son Shar-Kali-Sharri more or less intact upon his death in c. 2219 BC, or he may have passed on little more than Akkad itself. The year names of Shar-Kali-Sharri indicate continued control of Nippur and Babylon at least. The Gutians remained there for over 100 years before being replaced by the Ur III state as the dominant political power.


title: Naram-Sin of Akkad

text: Naram-Sin's Victory Stele depicts him as a god-king (symbolized by his horned helmet) climbing a mountain above his soldiers, and his enemies, the defeated Lullubi led by their king Satuni. Although the stele was broken off at the top when it was stolen and carried off by the Elamite forces of Shutruk-Nakhunte in the 12th century BC, it still strikingly reveals the pride, glory, and divinity of Naram-Sin. The stele seems to break from tradition by using successive diagonal tiers to communicate the story to viewers, however the more traditional horizontal frames are visible on smaller broken pieces. It is six feet and seven inches tall, and made from pink limestone. The stele was found at Susa, and is now in the Louvre Museum. A similar "bas-relief" depicting Naram-Sin was found a few miles north-east of Diarbekr, at Pir Hüseyin.


title: Naram-Sin of Akkad

text: The second inscription, to the right over the mountainous cone, is in Elamite and was written about 1000 years later by king Shutruk-Nahhunte, who stole the stele and brought it to Elam.


title: Naram-Sin of Akkad

text: Among the known sons of Naram-Sin were his successor Shar-Kali-Sharri, Nabi-Ulmash, who was governor of Tutub, and a Ukin-Ulmash. Excavations at Tell Mozan (ancient Urkesh) brought to light a sealing of Tar'am-Agade, a previously unknown daughter of Naram-Sin, who was possibly married to an unidentified "endan" (ruler) of Urkesh. A recently found cylinder seal, looted from Urasagrig, shows that the governor there, Sharatigubishin, was also a son. Other known children include Enmenana, the high priestess at Ur, a son who was governor at Marad, two daughters who were ēntum-priestesses at Sippar and Nippur, Bin-kali-šarrē, Šumšani, Lipit-ilē, Rigmuš-ālsu, Nabi-Ulmaš, Me-Ulmaš, and Ukēn-Ulmaš. One daughter, Tuṭṭanabšum (Tudanapšum), held the position of high priestess of Enlil at Nippur, the most important religious position in the empire. She was also deified, the only female and only non-king to be made a god.


title: Naram-Sin of Akkad

text: King Naram-Sin is a character in the 2021 video game , with the main plot occurring in his personal temple. In the game, he is the self-proclaimed "God King" of Akkad, and is engaged in a war with the Gutians after being cursed by the god Enlil; whom he angered after the sacking his temple. Naram-Sin was voiced and motion captured by Sami Karim.


title: Naram-Sin of Akkad

text: A foundation deposit of Naram-Sin was discovered and analysed by king Nabonidus, circa 550 BC, who Robert Silverberg thus characterises as the first archaeologist. Not only did he lead the first excavations which were to find the foundation deposits of the temples of Šamaš the sun god, the warrior goddess Anunitu (both located in Sippar), and the sanctuary that Naram-Sin built to the moon god, located in Harran, but he also had them restored to their former glory. He was also the first to date an archaeological artefact in his attempt to date Naram-Sin's temple during his search for it. His estimate was inaccurate by about 1,500 years.


title: Salsa (Mexican cuisine)

text: Salsa is a variety of sauces used as condiments for tacos and other Mexican and Mexican-American foods, and as dips for tortilla chips. They may be raw or cooked, and are generally served at room temperature.


title: Salsa (Mexican cuisine)

text: Though the word "salsa" means any kind of sauce in Spanish, in English, it refers specifically to these Mexican table sauces, especially to the chunky tomato-and-chili-based pico de gallo, as well as to salsa verde.


title: Salsa (Mexican cuisine)

text: Tortilla chips with salsa are a ubiquitous appetizer in Mexican-American restaurants, but not in Mexico itself.


title: Salsa (Mexican cuisine)

text: The use of salsa as a table dip was first popularized by Mexican restaurants in the United States. In the 1980s, tomato-based Mexican-style salsas gained in popularity. In 1992, the dollar value of salsa sales in the United States exceeded those of tomato ketchup.


title: Salsa (Mexican cuisine)

text: Tomato-based salsas later found competition from salsas made with fruit, corn, or black beans. Since the 2000s sweet salsas combining fruits with peppers like habanero, Scotch bonnet and datil have grown in popularity and are served with frozen dessert, cheesecakes, and pound cakes. In the United States, salsa is used in marinades, salad dressings, stews, and cooked sauces. In addition to accompanying various fish, poultry, and meat dishes, it is also used as a condiment for baked potatoes, pasta dishes, and pizza.


title: Salsa (Mexican cuisine)

text: Salsa is a common ingredient in Mexican cuisine, served as a condiment with tacos, stirred into soups and stews, or incorporated into tamale fillings. Salsa fresca is fresh salsa made with tomatoes and hot peppers. Salsa verde is made with cooked tomatillos and is served as a dip or sauce for chilaquiles, enchiladas, and other dishes. Chiltomate is a widely used base sauce made of tomatoes and chiles. The type of pepper used for chiltomate varies by region, with fresh green chiles being more common than habanero in Chiapas. Tamales are often identified according to the type of salsa they are filled with, either salsa verde, salsa roja, salsa de rajas, or salsa de mole.


title: Salsa (Mexican cuisine)

text: Mexican "salsas" were traditionally produced using the mortar and pestle–like "molcajete", although blenders are now used. Mexican "salsas" include:


title: Salsa (Mexican cuisine)

text: The WHO says care should be taken in the preparation and storage of "salsa" and any other types of sauces, since many raw-served varieties can act as growth media for potentially dangerous bacteria, especially when unrefrigerated.


title: Salsa (Mexican cuisine)

text: In 2010, the CDC reported that 1 in 25 foodborne illnesses between 1998 and 2008 was traced back to restaurant sauces (carelessly prepared or stored).


title: Salsa (Mexican cuisine)

text: A 2010 paper on salsa food hygiene described refrigeration as "the key" to safe sauces. This study also found that fresh lime juice and fresh garlic (but not powdered garlic) would prevent the growth of Salmonella.


title: Galantamine

text: Galantamine is used for the treatment of cognitive decline in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and various other memory impairments. It is an alkaloid that has been isolated from the bulbs and flowers of "Galanthus nivalis" (Common snowdrop), "Galanthus caucasicus" (Caucasian snowdrop), "Galanthus woronowii" (Voronov's snowdrop), and some other members of the family "Amaryllidaceae", such as "Narcissus" (daffodil), "Leucojum aestivum" (snowflake), and "Lycoris" including "Lycoris radiata" (red spider lily). It can also be produced synthetically.


title: Galantamine

text: Studies of usage in modern medicine began in the Soviet Union in the 1950s. Galantamine was isolated for the first time from bulbs of "Galanthus nivalis" (common snowdrop) by the Bulgarian chemist D. Paskov and his team in 1956. The active ingredient was extracted, identified, and studied, in particular in relation to its acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-inhibiting properties. The first industrial process was developed in 1959. However, it was not until the 1990s when full-scale synthesis was upscaled and optimized.


title: Galantamine

text: Since the alkaloid was isolated from a botanical source, it only had contents around 0.1%, which caused the yield to also be extremely low—in the single digits.


title: Galantamine

text: In Homer's "Odyssey" the god Hermes gives Odysseus a herb with "a black root, but milklike flower" called "moly", which Hermes claims will make Odysseus immune to the sorceress Circe's drugs. It is believed that moly is the snowdrop "Galanthus nivalis", which is a source of galantamine. The descriptions of moly given by Greek physician and herbalist Dioscorides support moly's identity as "Galanthus nivalis". It has been proposed that the drugs Circe used were an extract from "Datura stramonium" (also known as jimsonweed), which causes memory loss and delirium. This would give a basis for the snowdrop's use as an antidote, as "Datura stramonium" is anticholinergic, while galantamine is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.


title: Galantamine

text: Galantamine is indicated for the treatment of mild to moderate vascular dementia and Alzheimer's. In the United States, it is approved by the Food and Drug Administration as safe and effective for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia. As with other cholinesterase inhibitors, galantamine may not be effective for treating mild cognitive impairment.


title: Galantamine

text: The FDA considers galantamine to have dual status as a prescription drug and as a OTC dietary supplement.


title: Galantamine

text: Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the impairment of cholinergic function. One hypothesis is that this impairment contributes to the cognitive deficits caused by the disease. This hypothesis forms the basis for use of galantamine as a cholinergic enhancer in the treatment of Alzheimer's. Galantamine inhibits acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme which hydrolyzes acetylcholine. As a result of acetylcholinesterase inhibition, galantamine increases the availability of acetylcholine for synaptic transmission. Additionally, galantamine binds to the allosteric sites of nicotinic receptors, which causes a conformational change. This allosteric modulation increases the nicotinic receptor's response to acetylcholine. The activation of presynaptic nicotinic receptors increases the release of acetylcholine, further increasing the availability of acetylcholine. Galantamine's competitive inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and allosteric nicotinic modulation serves as a dual mechanism of action.


title: Galantamine

text: To reduce the prevalence of negative side effects associated with galantamine, such as nausea and vomiting, a dose-escalation scheme may be used. The use of a dose-escalation scheme has been well accepted in countries where galantamine is used. A dose-escalation scheme for Alzheimer's treatment involves a recommended starting dosage of 4 mg galantamine tablets given twice a day (8 mg/day). After a minimum of 4 weeks, the dosage may then be increased to 8 mg given twice a day (16 mg/day). After a minimum of 4 weeks at 16 mg/day, the treatment may be increased to 12 mg given twice a day (24 mg/day). Dosage increases are based upon the assessment of clinical benefit as well as tolerability of the previous dosage. If treatment is interrupted for more than three days, the process is usually restarted, beginning at the starting dosage, and re-escalating to the current dose. It has been found that a dosage between 16–24 mg/day is the optimal dosage.


title: Galantamine

text: The product is supplied in prescription form only in twice-a-day tablets, in once-a-day extended-release capsules, and in oral solution.


title: Galantamine

text: Galantamine's side effect profile was similar to that of other cholinesterase inhibitors, with gastrointestinal symptoms being the most notable and most commonly observed. One study reports higher proportions of patients treated with galantamine experiencing nausea and vomiting as opposed to the placebo group. Another study using a dose-escalation treatment has found that incidences of nausea would decrease to baseline levels soon after each increase in administered dosage. In practice, some other cholinesterase inhibitors might be better tolerated; however, a careful and gradual titration over more than three months may lead to equivalent long-term tolerability.


title: Galantamine

text: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and international health authorities have published an alert of galantamine based on data from two studies during the treatment for mild cognitive impairment (MCI); higher mortality rates were seen in drug-treated patients. However, it reduced mortality in Alzheimer's patients. On April 27, 2006, FDA approved labeling changes concerning all form of galantamine preparations (liquid, regular tablets, and extended release tablets) warning of the risk of bradycardia (slow resting heart rate), and sometimes atrioventricular block, especially in predisposed persons. At the same time, the risk of syncope (fainting) seems to be increased relative to placebo. "In randomized controlled trials, bradycardia was reported more frequently in galantamine-treated patients than in placebo-treated patients, but was rarely severe and rarely led to treatment discontinuation" These side effects have not been reported in Alzheimer's Disease related studies.