title: Hotchkiss School

text: In 2005, Hotchkiss opened the 715-seat Esther Eastman Music Center, equipped with a handmade Fazioli F308 piano, 12 Steinway pianos, 12 practice rooms, 3 ensemble practice rooms, a WKIS radio station, and Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) lab. Hotchkiss also has a 615-seat proscenium theater called Walker Auditorium.


title: Hotchkiss School

text: In 2002, Hotchkiss opened the Forrest E. Mars Jr. Athletic Center, a 212,000 square-foot athletic center with multi-purpose playing surfaces, elevated indoor exercise track, the Andrew K. Dwyer and Martin Dwyer III Olympic Rink and Thomas Schmidt NHL Rink, natatorium with 10-lane pool and separate diving well, William C. Fowle Gymnasium (hardwood basketball court), Edward R. Davis Wrestling Room, Joseph Cullman Squash Courts featuring eight international squash courts, Ford Indoor Tennis Courts, John R. Chandler Jr. Fitness Center, locker rooms, and shower facilities.


title: Hotchkiss School

text: The Hotchkiss Golf Course is a nine-hole golf course of approximately 3,000 yards, designed by Seth Raynor in 1924 and rated by "Golf Digest" as one of the 25 best nine-hole courses in America. Hotchkiss also has the Baker Complex, including synthetic Sprole Field and all-weather Hemmingway track; fifteen outdoor tennis courts; Joseph Cullman Paddle Tennis Courts; Centennial, Hoyt, Taylor, Downing, and Class of '49 Fields; Malkin Climbing Walls; Lake Wononscopomuc and a boathouse for sailing; three ponds; and extensive hiking trails.


The 2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election took place in April 2019, along with the 2019 Indian general election. The term of the assembly elected in 2014 had expired on 24 May 2019.


title: 2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election

text: The incumbent Biju Janata Dal headed by Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and the Indian National Congress were the major political parties in the election. Four sitting MP's from Biju Janata Dal joined BJP and INC because they were denied the party's ticket.


text: 2019 Indian general election in the 21 constituencies of Odisha and 2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election was held in the first 4 phases of the 7 scheduled phases of 2019 Indian general election. MR. Surya Narayana patro is the current speaker of Odisha Vidhan sabha while the deputy charge is given to MR. Rajanikant Singh.


text: On March 10, the Election Commission of India announced the dates of the election. 2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election are scheduled to be held simultaneously with 2019 Indian general election in 4 phases: April 11, 18, 23, and 29. The counting of votes will be on May 23.


text: Elections were cancelled in Patkura Assembly constituency following the death of 83-year-old, six-time MLA and Biju Janata Dal candidate Bed Prakash Agarwalla. Later the Election Commission of India scheduled it on 19 May 2019. The Election Commission of India further decided to extend the completion of the election for 60 days in view of the devastation caused by Cyclone Fani. The poll was done in July 2019.


title: Fort Belvedere, Surrey

text: Fort Belvedere (originally Shrubs Hill Tower) is a Grade II* listed country house on Shrubs Hill in Windsor Great Park, in Surrey, England. The fort was predominantly constructed by Jeffry Wyatville in a Gothic Revival style in the 1820s.


title: Fort Belvedere, Surrey

text: The fort was occupied by numerous members of the British royal family and associated personages from 1750 to 1976. From 1929 Fort Belvedere was the home of Edward, Prince of Wales, who greatly renovated the house and grounds, and it was the site of his abdication as King Edward VIII in 1936. The property remains part of the Crown Estate, and is home to private tenants and is not open to the public.


title: Fort Belvedere, Surrey

text: The Fort Belvedere estate is situated in the extreme south end of Windsor Great Park in the parish of Egham, in the Borough of Runnymede in Surrey. The closest town to the fort is Sunningdale in Berkshire. The fort is situated on Shrub's Hill and overlooks Virginia Water. The fort is from London, and Edward, Prince of Wales, would boast of being able to see London's St Paul's Cathedral "through a spy-glass" from the fort in the 1930s.


title: Fort Belvedere, Surrey

text: The fort's acquired name of 'Belvedere' reflects its status as a vantage point and as an 'eye-catcher' for the park.


title: Fort Belvedere, Surrey

text: Fort Belvedere was built 1750–1755, by Henry Flitcroft, for Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland (1721–1765), younger son of George II and Queen Caroline, and was featured in an engravings in 1753 and 1754, where it was described as the "New building on Shrubb's Hill".


title: Fort Belvedere, Surrey

text: It was, at first, merely a folly. It was used as a summer-house, and seven counties could be seen, as now, from the top of the flagstaff tower. The triangular turreted structure was set amid a dense plantation of trees and overlooked Virginia Water, a man-made body of water constructed by Thomas and Paul Sandby at the behest of the Duke.


title: Fort Belvedere, Surrey

text: Sir Jeffrey Wyatville, who was responsible, under George IV, for the rebuilding of Windsor Castle, enlarged the house in 1828 at a proposed cost of £4000. Additions included an octagonal dining room in the north-east side, in which the King regularly had dinner. A three-storey annex was added for the accommodation of the Bombardier, with a new wall linking a heightened turret to which a large flagpole was added. The addition of further Gothic details enhanced the interior and exterior of the fort in 1829. The fort is built of brick with an applied wash that imitated the appearance of stone.


title: Fort Belvedere, Surrey

text: Queen Victoria used Fort Belvedere as a tea house, and the fort was opened to the public in the 1860s.


title: Fort Belvedere, Surrey

text: By 1910 the fort was occupied as a grace and favour residence by Sir Malcolm Murray, the Comptroller to Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn. The Duke was the owner of nearby Bagshot Park. The fort was extended with a new service wing and entrance porch in 1911–12, which was subsequently demolished. The dining and drawing rooms were also extended and new entrance lodges were built. After the departure of Murray, the fort was described as suffering from "dust inches deep, splintered doors and sagging floors" in 1929.


title: Fort Belvedere, Surrey

text: The ruins in the grounds can be seen from the shore of Virginia Water and are part of an ancient temple brought from Leptis Magna near Tripoli. The ruins are located between the south shore and Blacknest Road close to the junction with the A30 London Road and Wentworth Drive.


title: Fort Belvedere, Surrey

text: In 1929, the building became vacant, and was given to Prince Edward, Prince of Wales, by his father, George V. The King had originally expressed surprise at Edward's request asking him "What could you possibly want that queer old place for? Those damn weekends I suppose", but then smiled and gave his permission. Edward's previous residence had been York House, part of St. James's Palace in London, which he had thought "more an office than a home." He would later write that he "created a home at the fort just as my father and grandfather had created one at Sandringham ... here I spent some of the happiest days of my life."


title: Fort Belvedere, Surrey

text: The relationship between Edward and Wallis Simpson blossomed at Fort Belvedere; the couple spent their first weekend at the fort at the end of January 1932, and by early 1935 two rooms had been combined at the fort for her use. Notable interior decorators to work on the fort under Edward included Sybil Colefax, Lady Mendl, Maison Jansen, and Herman Schrijver. Edward and Wallis entertained most weekends at the house; guests present included 'courtiers and diplomats, American men of affairs and English Society, garnished with a sprinkling of statesmen, soldiers and sailors'. Giles Gilbert Scott added a guest wing to the fort after Edward's accession as king in 1936. In 1936 Wallis moved permanently to the fort after receiving threatening anonymous letters, and left Fort Belvedere for the final time on 3 December 1936, a week before Edward's abdication.


title: Fort Belvedere, Surrey

text: Cabinet Office files released in 2013 revealed that during December 1936, the Home Secretary, Sir John Simon, had ordered the General Post Office to intercept Edward's telephone communications between the fort and the European continent. Government officials were caused further alarm by Edward's habit of leaving his official "red boxes" unguarded around the fort.


title: Fort Belvedere, Surrey

text: Following opposition to the potential of Edward's marriage to Wallis Simpson from the British government and autonomous Dominions of the British Commonwealth, the fort became the final setting of Edward's abdication as king. He held several meetings with Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin at Fort Belvedere during the crisis, and on 10 December 1936 signed his written abdication notices at the fort, witnessed by his three younger brothers: Prince Albert, Duke of York (who succeeded Edward as George VI); Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester; and Prince George, Duke of Kent. The following day, it was given legislative form by special Act of Parliament: His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936. Following his abdication at the fort, Edward described himself as feeling "like a swimmer surfacing from a great depth ... I left the room and stepped outside, inhaling the fresh morning air." He retained the visitor's book from the fort, and it would be used at all the subsequent homes he and Wallis Simpson would share.


title: Fort Belvedere, Surrey

text: Edward continued to pay for the gardeners, insurance and upkeep of the fort in the initial years following his abdication, because it was his wish that he would return there. His possessions from the fort were transferred to the Château de la Croë in the south of France (where he had named the sitting room "The Belvedere") in the spring of 1938, but many were damaged in transit. Edward was informed in March 1940 that the fort was no longer in his possession as his warrant to occupy the grace and favour residence had expired on the termination of his reign and was not to be renewed by the present sovereign, his brother, now George VI. Edward was greatly upset by this, writing in 1940 that "It is crystal clear that this proposed reserving of the Fort by the use of Crown Lands is nothing more than a piece of bluff, and the first excuse that the king has been able to find to deprive me of my right to occupy the place should I ever desire to do so ..." Edward believed that the incident was an example of his 'brother's failure to keep his word to me' after the fort had apparently been reserved for him if he should reside once more in England.


title: Fort Belvedere, Surrey

text: In 1977 the fort was used extensively for the filming of "Edward & Mrs. Simpson", an ITV serialisation of Edward and Wallis's relationship.


title: Fort Belvedere, Surrey

text: Fort Belvedere was largely unoccupied during the 20 years following Edward's abdication. The fort was used by the Office of the Commissioners of Crown Lands, who had been evacuated from their central London offices during World War II. After the war, the house remained empty.


title: Fort Belvedere, Surrey

text: In 1953 it was announced that the fort was to be available on a long lease, and a 99-year lease on the fort was bought by The Honourable Gerald Lascelles in 1955. Lascelles was the son of Henry Lascelles, 6th Earl of Harewood and Mary, Princess Royal, the only daughter of George V and Mary of Teck. Lascelles was a first cousin of Queen Elizabeth II. He lived at the fort with his wife, Angela, and their son, Henry. Lascelles described the house as 'falling to pieces' at the beginning of his occupancy, and refurbished the fort, removing most traces of Edward's renovations in the process, except for the swimming pool and the battlements walk. The 30–40 rooms of the fort were reduced by the Lascelleses to the "equivalent of an eight-bedroom house, including quarters for three or four staff. It will be a very manageable home". Angela Lascelles remained dedicated to improving and renovating the house and maintaining the estate. The Lascelleses’ restoration of the fort was undertaken by the designer Stanley Peters who took three years to return it to its 18th-century state; Peters faced difficulties in removing offices added when Edward became king. A mural added by Peters in the drawing-room, and painted by Oliver Carson, depicted Peters in an incidental role, portrayed in 18th-century clothes chasing butterflies. The Lascelleses later claimed the credit for Peters's designs and his career suffered irreparable damage as a result.


title: Fort Belvedere, Surrey

text: The financial pressure following his divorce caused Gerald Lascelles to put his 78-year remainder of the lease up for sale through estate agents Savills in 1976. Offers for the lease above £200,000 were invited. An advertisement for Fort Belvedere's lease listed the features of the fort as "Hexagonal central hall, fine drawing room, dining room, library, compact domestic quarters, 6 bedrooms, 5 bathrooms, arranged mainly in suites" and the expanse of the estate as "about 59 acres, of which 25 acres is freehold woodland". Three cottages were also included in the lease with the swimming pool and tennis court. The lease was eventually acquired by a son of the Emir of Dubai in 1976.


title: Fort Belvedere, Surrey

text: From the early 1980s until his death in 2021, the lease on Fort Belvedere has been held by the late Canadian billionaire retail magnate Galen Weston and his wife, Hilary. It continues to be occupied by his family. The Westons have carried out extensive works on the fort, constructing a polo stud and doubling the size of the lake in the grounds.


title: Fort Belvedere, Surrey

text: The Westons have a close relationship with the British royal family; they were often guests of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother at the nearby Royal Lodge, and have hosted Queen Elizabeth II at the fort. King Charles III played polo with Galen Weston and stables his polo ponies at Fort Belvedere, and the nearby Coworth Park Polo Club in Sunningdale is the base for Weston's polo team, the Maple Leafs. The Westons have held notable parties at Fort Belvedere: Hilary Weston's 60th birthday party at the fort was attended by Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip, Queen Noor of Jordan and Princess Caroline of Monaco, and a June 2014 ball at the fort was enthusiastically covered in "The Spectator" magazine by Taki Theodoracopulos.


title: Fort Belvedere, Surrey

text: The grounds of Fort Belvedere are about a hundred acres in size and include forests and a lake. The gardens of Fort Belvedere, Virginia Water and the nearby Clockcase are Grade I listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.


title: Fort Belvedere, Surrey

text: Edward said of the fort that "By the time I came upon it, it had become a pseudo-Gothic hodge-podge. A profusion of yew trees kept one side of the house in perpetual shadow, staining the wall with green acidulous mould. But the half-buried beauty of the place leaped to my eye."


title: Fort Belvedere, Surrey

text: Edward's subsequent passion for landscaping and horticulture briefly eclipsed golf and hunting in his affections, and he would often get his weekend guests, including his brother Bertie, the future George VI, to assist him in the landscaping of the fort. The garden designer Norah Lindsay also worked on the fort's garden at the behest of Edward, he would later describe how her "unusual use of roses in the herbaceous border" had justified her payment. Edward planted roses and irises along the walls of the battlement. Prime Minister Baldwin complimented Edward on the beauty of the garden; commenting on the "silvery radiance of the birch trees and the delicacy of the autumn tints" in late 1936. Edward also mowed hay on the fort's estate in the summer months and built a rock garden with cascading water pumped from Virginia Water.


title: Fort Belvedere, Surrey

text: The Westons have carried out substantial landscaping at the fort, and recruited Rosemary Verey to help with the design of the gardens at Fort Belvedere in the early 1980s. Verey's designs for the rose garden and the 120 ft long borders along the battlement remain, and have been reworked and maintained by garden designer Tom Stuart-Smith.


title: Fort Belvedere, Surrey

text: Thirty-one brass cannon were moved to the north-facing crenellated terrace of the fort from nearby Cumberland Lodge in the early 19th century. The cannon were made by Andrew Schalch at the Royal Brass Foundry in Woolwich in 1729–1749. The cannon were fired for George IV's birthdays and other royal birthdays until 1907, with the cannonfire being answered by a miniature frigate situated on Virginia Water in the early years of their operation. The last Bombardier situated at the fort was Master Gunner Turner of the Royal Artillery. The Bombardier was entrusted with the care of the guns and lived in Bombardier's Cottage, connected to the main house by an archway. The cannon would have been melted down as part of the war effort in 1943 had it not been for the intervention of the head of the Tower Armoury, J. G. Mann. Four guns were removed from the terrace in 1930 and placed in two pairs at the entrances to the fort.


title: Fort Belvedere, Surrey

text: Shrubs Hill Tower inspired the building of similar triangular tower follies on various large estates, including:


title: SAE International

text: SAE International, formerly named the Society of Automotive Engineers, is a United States-based, globally active professional association and standards developing organization for engineering professionals in various industries. SAE International's world headquarters is in Warrendale, Pennsylvania, 20 miles north of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Principal emphasis is placed on global transport industries such as aerospace, automotive, and commercial vehicles. The organization adopted the name SAE International to reflect the broader emphasis on mobility.


title: SAE International

text: SAE International has over 138,000 global members. Membership is granted to individuals, rather than companies. Aside from its standardization efforts, SAE International also devotes resources to projects and programs in STEM education, professional certification, and collegiate design competitions.


title: SAE International

text: For historical legacy reasons, the label "SAE" is commonly used on tools and hardware in North America to indicate United States customary units measurements, that is, inch-based not metric (SI). Both this usage and casual use of the term "Imperial" are loose and imprecise (but common) references to inch fractional sizes and to the screw thread sizes of the Unified Thread Standard (UTS).


title: SAE International

text: SAE is also well known in the United States for its ratings of automobile horsepower. Until 1971-1972 SAE gross power was used. Similar to brake horsepower (bhp), it gave generously unrealistic performance ratings. Since then the more conservative SAE net power, which takes into account engine accessory, emissions, and exhaust drags (but not transmission losses) is the standard.


title: SAE International

text: In the early 1900s there were dozens of automobile manufacturers in the United States, and many more worldwide. Auto manufacturers and parts companies joined trade groups that promoted business. A desire to solve common technical design problems and develop engineering standards was emerging. Engineers in the automobile business expressed a desire to have "free exchange of ideas" to expand their technical knowledge base.


title: SAE International

text: Two magazine publishers, Peter Heldt of "The Horseless Age", and Horace Swetland of "The Automobile", were advocates of the concepts for SAE. Heldt wrote an editorial in June 1902 in which he said, "Now there is a noticeable tendency for automobile manufacturers to follow certain accepted lines of construction, technical questions constantly arise which seek a solution from the cooperation of the technical men connected with the industry. These questions could best be dealt with by a technical society. The field of activity for this society would be the purely technical side of automobiles."


title: SAE International

text: Horace Swetland wrote on automotive engineering concerns and became an original SAE officer. About two years after Heldt's editorial, the Society of Automobile Engineers was founded in New York City. Four officers and five managing officers volunteered. In 1905 Andrew L. Riker served as president, and Henry Ford served as the society's first vice president. The initial membership was engineers with annual dues of US$10.


title: SAE International

text: Over the first 10 years, SAE membership grew steadily, and the society added full-time staff and began to publish a technical journal and a comprehensive compilation of technical papers, previously called SAE Transactions, which still exist today in the form of SAE International's Journals. By 1916 SAE had 1,800 members. At the annual meeting that year, representatives from the American Society of Aeronautic Engineers, the Society of Tractor Engineers, as well as representatives from the power boating industry made a pitch to SAE for oversight of technical standards in their industries. Aeronautics was a fledgling industry at that time. Early supporters of the concept of a society to represent aeronautical engineers were Thomas Edison, Glenn Curtiss, Glenn Martin, and Orville Wright.


title: SAE International

text: Out of the meeting in 1916 came a new organization, to represent engineers in all types of mobility-related professions. SAE member Elmer Sperry created the term "automotive" from Greek autos (self), and Latin motivus (of motion) origins to represent any form of self-powered vehicle. The Society of Automobile Engineers became the Society of Automotive Engineers. Ethel H. Bailey became the first woman to become a full member of the SAE in 1926, having joined the staff as a research engineer in 1920.


title: SAE International

text: Charles Kettering presided over SAE during World War I and saw membership pass the 5,000 mark. During this time, SAE emphasized the importance of developing member activity through local chapters – called "Sections". After World War II, the Society established links with other standards bodies and automotive engineering societies worldwide, and since then has founded sections in countries including Brazil, India, China, Russia, Romania, and Egypt. By 1980, membership surpassed 35,000 and over the next two decades the society, like the industries and individuals it serves, became larger, more global, more diverse, and more electronic.


title: SAE International

text: By the mid-1980s, membership edged close to 50,000; by the end of the 1990s, membership topped 80,000 with members in more than 80 countries.


title: SAE International

text: As of 2017, the society serves over 138,000 global members, with more than a quarter from outside of North America.


title: SAE International

text: SAE International provides a forum for companies, government agencies, research institutions and consultants to devise technical standards and recommended practices for the design, construction, and characteristics of motor vehicle components. SAE documents do not carry any legal force, but are in some cases referenced by the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and Transport Canada.


title: SAE International

text: SAE has long provided standards for rating automobile horsepower. Until 1971-1972 SAE gross power was used. Similar to brake horsepower (bhp), it gave generously unrealistic performance ratings. Since then, the standard has been the more conservative SAE net power, which takes into account engine accessory, emissions, and exhaust drags, but not transmission losses.


title: SAE International

text: SAE publishes technical documents for the aerospace industry. Aerospace Recommended Practices are recommendations for engineering practice, and Aerospace Information Reports contain general accepted engineering data and information.


title: SAE International

text: SAE has proposed an influential categorization for "levels of driving automation" in vehicular automation. SAE J3016 defines six levels of automation for cars, ranging from level 0 (No Driving Automation) to level 5 (Full Automation), transitioning gradually from "driver support features" to "automated driving features". This categorization scheme has also been adopted by the NHTSA.


title: SAE International

text: SAE International has been publishing technical information since 1906. Industry magazines published monthly include: "Automotive Engineering International", "Aerospace Engineering and Manufacturing", "Off Highway Engineering", "Truck & Bus Engineering", "SAE Vehicle Engineering", e-newsletters, Momentum magazine for student members, and various journals. SAE also produces the monthly "Update" newsletter for its members and publishes more than 100 books a year in print and electronic formats. Ranging from compilations on various technical subjects, to textbooks, to historical and enthusiast-oriented books, SAE's titles cater to a variety of readers.


title: SAE International

text: In April 2007, MIT canceled its subscription to SAE because of required Digital Rights Management (DRM) technology implemented on SAE web-based database of technical papers. SAE International removed the DRM restrictions for colleges, universities, and other academic institutions.


title: SAE International

text: In 1986, SAE International established the "SAE Foundation" to support science and technology education. One of the most pressing issues facing industry today is the decline of students enrolling in science and technology programs. This decline and its impact threaten the ability to meet future workforce demands. The SAE Foundation encourages and supports the development of skills related to mathematics, technology, engineering and science.


title: SAE International

text: "A World In Motion" is a teacher-administered, industry volunteer-assisted program that brings science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) education to life in the classroom for students in Kindergarten through Grade 12. Benchmarked to the national standards, AWIM incorporates the laws of physics, motion, flight and electronics into age-appropriate hands on activities that reinforce classroom STEM curriculum.


title: SAE International

text: The "SAE Collegiate Design Series" provides an opportunity for college students to go beyond textbook theory and replicates the process of engineering design and manufacturing. In the CDS program, a company wants to sell a product for a specific market segment, for example a radio controlled airplane, a single seat off-road vehicle, or a single seat Formula style race car. Instead of doing all the design, manufacturing and testing in house, the customer chooses to contract out those processes to a supplier, and sends their requirements out for bid. Student teams act as the suppliers and design, build and test a prototype vehicle that they believe meets the customer's specifications. Each team then presents its prototype to the customer at the annual competitions and is judged on several criteria. The team with the highest points essentially wins the contract.


title: Solomon Kane

text: Solomon Kane is a fictional character created by the pulp-era writer Robert E. Howard. A late-16th-to-early-17th century Puritan, Solomon Kane is a somber-looking man who wanders the world with no apparent goal other than to vanquish evil in all its forms. His adventures, published mostly in the pulp magazine "Weird Tales", often take him from Europe to the jungles of Africa and back.


title: Solomon Kane

text: When "Weird Tales" published the story "Red Nails", featuring Conan the Barbarian, the editors introduced it as a tale of "a barbarian adventurer named Conan, remarkable for his sheer force of valor and brute strength. Its author, Robert E. Howard, is already a favorite with the readers of this magazine for his stories of Solomon Kane, the dour English Puritan and redresser of wrongs".


title: Solomon Kane

text: Solomon Kane was adapted into a film in 2009 starring James Purefoy, and has been adapted into a series of comics published by Marvel since the 1970s.


title: Solomon Kane

text: In hist story "Moon of Skulls", Robert E. Howard described Kane as "He was a man born out of his time — a strange blending of Puritan and Cavalier, with a touch of the ancient philosopher, and more than a touch of the pagan, though the last assertion would have shocked him unspeakably. An atavist of the days of blind chivalry he was, a knight errant in the somber clothes of the fanatic. A hunger in his soul drove him on and on, an urge to right all wrongs, protect all weaker things, avenge all crimes against right and justice."


title: Solomon Kane

text: Solomon Kane is a tall, sombre, and gloomy man with pale skin, gaunt face and cold eyes. Kane is a devout Puritan, with an unshakable faith, who lives on an endless odyssey to destroy evil and darkness in the name of God Almighty. His morality is extremely black and white, allowing for no grey areas of uncertainty. To Kane, the wicked are wicked, and the righteous are righteous, with little to nothing in between. He also seemed to have little regard for his own life and safety, giving away years of his life to pursue and track down evil doers who deserved punishment. Like Howard's other character, Conan the Barbarian, Kane shows a keen sense of chivalry and propriety, defending the innocent and the weak from their wicked oppressors.


title: Solomon Kane

text: Kane wears the costume of a Puritan Englishman of the 16th century, being dressed entirely in black and wearing a slouch hat. He is often depicted with the stereotypical garb of his time and culture, including black leather gloves, riding boots, a doublet, and cloak. His weaponry was varied, and he carried and was proficient with a Spanish rapier, a dirk, a brace of flintlock pistols, and on one occasion, a musket.


title: Solomon Kane

text: During one of his later adventures his friend N'Longa, an African shaman, gave him a juju staff that served as a protection against evil but could easily be wielded as a weapon. It is revealed in another story, "The Footfalls Within", that this is the mythical Staff of Solomon. It is an artifact belonging to the Biblical monarch of Ancient Israel, Solomon. This was a talisman older than the Earth and unimaginably powerful, much more so than even N'Longa knew.


title: Solomon Kane

text: It is described as sharp-pointed on one end and with the head of a cat on the other, made of a wood that no longer exists on Earth. The staff is covered with ancient hieroglyphs which, along with the cat's head, were added a very long time after the staff was created. Using the staff Kane can communicate over distances with N'Longa, and it has also been used to slay vampires and evil spirits. Having carried it for an extended period seems to have endowed Kane with the ability to sense the presence of otherworldly beings.


title: Solomon Kane

text: When Kane is taken prisoner by slavers, one of their party, "Yussef the Hadji", recognizes the staff for what it is. He says the staff is older than the world itself and holds mighty magic. The cat-head is a representation of Bast, and the priests of Bast used the staff in ancient Egypt. The feline head which now decorates the staff's top was itself carved out of a pre-existing decoration, though it is now impossible to say what manner of eldritch symbol (or creature) was originally effigiated on it. With the staff Moses (known as "Musa" in Arabic) did wonders before the Pharaoh and carried it with him when his people fled Egypt. For centuries it was the Scepter of Israel (mentioned in Numbers 24:17), and King Solomon used it to combat magicians and capture djinns. The staff may be related to Aaron's rod, or Moses' rod, or the Rod of Asclepius. Before this, when the world was young, Atlantean, pre-Adamite priests in silent cities beneath the seas used the staff to fight evil, millions of years before mankind was born.


title: Solomon Kane

text: He is an ancient African shaman, who is driven to study magic. He has travelled the world in ancient times as a slave, secretly studying under various sorcerers and holy men of the Middle and Near East. In Judea he acquired the Staff of Solomon, which he later gave to Solomon Kane to aid him in his wanderings. N'Longa's magical powers derive from his ability to send his spirit out of his body. He can take over the bodies of the living and dead through this method, to communicate with Solomon Kane through the Staff of Solomon, and also summons the vultures by sending his spirit to parley with them.


title: Solomon Kane

text: A French criminal mastermind (his name means "the wolf") whom Kane spent several years tracking down to avenge the murder of a dying girl he found, and her whole village. Kane eventually tracks le Loup to Africa, where he first meets N'Longa, and justice is served.


title: Solomon Kane

text: His real name is Jonas Hardraker and he is known on all coasts of the civilized world as a ruthless pirate. He is a tall, rangy, broad-shouldered man, with a lean hawk-like cruel face. Solomon Kane hunted him for two years after Hardraker sank a ship that was carrying the daughter of an old friend of Kane, the old friend having gone mad after hearing of his daughter's death. Kane finally confronted and killed Hardraker in England where Hardraker was smuggling alcohol with Sir George Banway.


title: Solomon Kane

text: Most of the Solomon Kane stories were first published in "Weird Tales". Some stories were first published in a collection, also entitled "Red Shadows", released posthumously. The order of publication, however, does not coincide with the order in which the stories were written.


title: Solomon Kane

text: There are currently three audio-book recordings of Solomon Kane stories and poems, all currently available for purchase and download through Audible. There is one free audio drama production:


title: Solomon Kane

text: At the 2006 San Diego Comic Con, it was announced that "Solomon Kane," a feature film based upon the eponymous character, was in development at Davis-Films, with M. J. Bassett writing and directing. The film was produced by Samuel Hadida, Paul Berrow and Kevan Van Thompson. Shooting started in Czech Republic in January 2008, with James Purefoy ("Rome"'s Mark Anthony) as Kane. Max von Sydow plays Kane's father, and Pete Postlethwaite, Alice Krige and Jason Flemyng are among the supporting cast. Patrick Tatopoulos, creature designer for "Godzilla", "Underworld", "Silent Hill", "I Am Legend" and others, conceptualized the monsters Kane fights in his battles with the forces of evil. The film was released in France on December 23, 2009, in the UK on February 19, 2010 and in the US on September 28th, 2012


title: Solomon Kane

text: Pinnacle Entertainment Group has published a role-playing game based on the character utilizing the "Savage Worlds" rules system, titled "The Savage World of Solomon Kane". In addition to game rules, the book features a background and summaries of Howard's original stories and an original adventure campaign featuring a group of wanderers following the path of Kane and revisiting places changed by Solomon's actions. Pinnacle Entertainment Group also published several companion campaign books that expand on the Solomon Kane universe. The total roster of books include:


title: Solomon Kane

text: Mythic Games has developed a narrative adventure board game simply titled "Solomon Kane" based on Robert E. Howard's original stories and characters. The game was funded via the crowdfunding platform Kickstarter in July 2018 and has been in development since, with initial release slated for summer 2020.


title: Solomon Kane

text: The game is a co-op style board game where players represent the virtues that drive Solomon Kane forwards in his quest against darkness. Kane's various adventures are told in the game through one or more acts, which break down into smaller chapters of gameplay. These are scenarios with multiple possible outcomes and branching story arcs, where the players also have a chance of diverging from the original stories of Robert E. Howard and instead explore a number of "what if" scenarios written by Mythic Games.


title: Solomon Kane

text: Fernando Ruiz Miniatures (FerMiniatures) sells a sculpted miniature of Solomon Kane that can be painted and displayed or used in a role-playing game. This miniature presents Kane in puritan attire, equipped with a rapier sword, a dagger, pistols and the mythical Staff of Solomon, given to him by the shaman N’Longa.


title: Solomon Kane

text: Mezco Toyz has created a Solomon Kane action figure for its One:12 Collective product line. This 17cm action figure is outfitted in a nobleman’s shirt and vest, duster coat, adventurer pants, and Viking boots. His utility belt and removable chest harness can hold his various weapon sheaths. It also features interchangeable hair, interchangeable facial expressions, the Staff of Solomon, multiple daggers and sheaths, a flintlock pistol, and a dirk sword.


title: Solomon Kane

text: The Figures Toy Company created a toy action figure for Solomon Kane in 2014. This 8 inch figure includes a hat, sword and flintlock pistol.


title: Solomon Kane

text: Randy Bowen Designs created a cold cast bronze sculpture of Solomon Kane in 1998. It is based on the image from Robert E. Howard's "The Savage Tales of Solomon Kane". The statue 1/9th scale is fully painted.


title: Solomon Kane

text: The sculpture comes with interchangeable hands, either holding a sword or the Staff of Solomon stick. It comes on a black display base and is numbered from a limited edition run of 550.


title: Solomon Kane

text: Trademark on the name Solomon Kane and the names of Robert E. Howard's other principal characters are claimed by Paradox Entertainment of Stockholm, Sweden, through its US subsidiary Paradox Entertainment Inc. Paradox also claims copyrights on the stories written by other authors under license from Solomon Kane Inc. Since Robert E. Howard published his Solomon Kane stories at a time when the date of publication was the marker, the owners had to use the copyright symbol, and they had to renew after a certain time to maintain copyright, the exact status of all of Howard's Solomon Kane works are in question.


title: Solomon Kane

text: Project Gutenberg, for example, holds only some of Robert E. Howard's stories (none of which include Solomon Kane) while Project Gutenberg Australia has a more complete selection, implying that the stories are unambiguously free from copyright under Australian law, while the possibility of copyright renewal disbars many from Project Gutenberg's inclusion criteria in the United States.


title: Solomon Kane

text: "Tales of the Shadowmen" is an anthology series edited by Jean-Marc Lofficier and Randy Lofficier, where characters from French and international speculative fiction exist in the same universe. "Tales of the Shadowmen, Volume 3: Danse Macabre" includes a story entitled "The Heart of the Moon" by Matthew Baugh which features Solomon Kane as one of a group of adventurers visiting Féval's vampire metropolis, Selene. "Tales of the Shadowmen, Volume 4: Lords of Terror" includes a story entitled "The Anti-Pope of Avignon" by Micah Harris featuring Solomon Kane as the central protagonist supporting the Huguenot cause in Avignon.


title: Solomon Kane

text: In Philip José Farmer's "", Farmer identifies Solomon Kane as being a direct ancestor of adventurer Doc Savage. This book is part of a larger literary conceit that the (real) meteorite which fell in Wold Newton, Yorkshire, England, on December 13, 1795 was radioactive and caused genetic mutations in the occupants of a passing coach. As luck would have it many of these occupants were also already of heroic stock. See the Savage Family Tree.


title: Solomon Kane

text: Paul Di Filippo's "Observable Things", as narrated by a young Cotton Mather, tells of Solomon Kane coming to the aid of the colonists in New England during King Philip's War.


title: Solomon Kane

text: Howard's stories, poems, and fragments featuring Solomon Kane have been published several times as a collection in book form. Not every publication has been a complete collection.


title: Dennis Reynolds

text: Dennis Reynolds is a fictional character on the FX series "It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia", portrayed by Glenn Howerton. He is the co-owner of Paddy's Pub, alongside his childhood friends Charlie Kelly and Mac. He is the twin brother of Dee Reynolds, legal son to Frank Reynolds, and is also roommates with Mac. He often plays the lead role in many of the gang's schemes.


title: Dennis Reynolds

text: Dennis is the twin brother of Dee and co-owner of Paddy's Pub. He has been friends with Mac and Charlie since childhood. The most amoral member of the group, Dennis is narcissistic, hypersexual, selfish, and abrasive. He is a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania and has shown to have extensive knowledge of psychology. Dennis has shown to be predatory towards women, as shown in a self-described system where he exploits women's trust and abuses them emotionally in order to have sex with them known as the D.E.N.N.I.S. system.


title: Dennis Reynolds

text: Dennis was born August 18, 1976, immediately after his twin sister Dee. He was raised by his mother Barbara and father Frank. In the Season 2 finale, "Dennis and Dee Get a New Dad", Dennis and Dee find out from their mother that they are the children of Bruce Mathis, a wealthy, kind-hearted philanthropist whom Barbara had an affair with. Dennis was beloved by his mother, who left him with her mansion after her death (on the condition that Frank would not be allowed to enter the property).


title: Dennis Reynolds

text: He considered himself to be popular in high school, although it was later revealed that he was never that popular and that his prom date slept with Mac. Dennis graduated from the University of Pennsylvania with a minor in psychology and was a member of the Delta Omega Lambda fraternity.


title: Dennis Reynolds

text: Dennis displays signs of narcissistic, antisocial and borderline personality disorder, the latter of which he was diagnosed with and prescribed medicine for in "Psycho Pete Returns". Over the course of the series, Dennis's mental condition has significantly worsened, resulting in him becoming more delusional and deranged, even referring to himself as "The Golden God" on numerous occasions. Dennis also has an extremely fragile ego, as revealed through his upset reactions to being rejected by his peers at his high school reunion and receiving a one-star (and eventual zero stars) rating on a dating website.


title: Dennis Reynolds

text: It has been suggested numerous times that Dennis is a serial killer, as shown when it is revealed he keeps zip ties, duct tapes and gloves in his car and when he threatened to turn Dee's skin into a lampshade or a piece of high-end luggage. When asked about the possibility of directly confronting the question of Dennis being a serial killer in an interview with "Rolling Stone", series creator Rob McElhenney claimed that they are "about close to (the question) it as possible", and the audience will go along as the series progresses.


title: Dennis Reynolds

text: Dennis is a fan of Bryan Adams, Rick Astley, and Steve Winwood. He drives a 1993 Range Rover County. The car is blown up with an RPG after Dennis leaves for North Dakota in the Season 12 finale. He purchases a near-identical Range Rover in "The Gang Gets New Wheels".


title: Dennis Reynolds

text: Dennis has shown to be predatory towards women. He lost his virginity at age 14 when he had sex with his school librarian Ms. Klinsky, although he is in denial that this is, in fact, rape. He keeps a camcorder in his bedroom, which he uses to record every woman he has sex with and keeps and rates each tape. He has a self-designed "D.E.N.N.I.S System", where he gaslights and emotionally abuses women in order to have sex with them before abandoning them.


title: Dennis Reynolds

text: It has been implied that Dennis is a serial rapist, as he has claimed that the words "no", "stop" and "don't" never stops him from going ahead with his advances (something Mac later confirms in "How Mac Got Fat" when he tells a priest that Dennis often advises him to "never let someone's resistance stop you from getting what you want") and that a woman on a boat with him in the middle of the ocean will not turn down sex because of "the implication" that he will kill her if she refuses to sleep with him.


title: Dennis Reynolds

text: He revealed in "Time's Up for The Gang" that he has received text messages giving consent from every woman he had sex with, although he implies that he may have sent them himself. It was revealed in "Reynolds v. Reynolds: The Cereal Defense" that Dennis has numerous bench warrants of sexual misconduct against him in court.


title: Dennis Reynolds

text: Dennis has known Mac and Charlie since childhood and is roommates with Mac. They shared an apartment together until it was burned down in the Season 9 finale "The Gang Squashes Their Beefs". They then moved into Dee's apartment and had to share a bed with an old man as a part of a bet with Frank ("Mac and Dennis Move to the Suburbs"). Their old apartment was rebuilt in Season 12, and both Mac and Dennis moved back by Season 13. Dennis often partners up with Mac for numerous schemes, including the aliases "Honey and Vinegar" as well as selling merchandise for Paddy's Pub together. They also heavily rely on each other in their personal lives, one instance being Dennis having Mac skin an apple before eating it ("Mac and Dennis Break Up"). Despite their friendship, Dennis is often annoyed at Mac, mostly for his apparent attraction to him.


title: Dennis Reynolds

text: Dennis views Dee as inferior to him and is controlling for her, often joining the remainder of the gang in mocking and despising Dee. Despite their sibling rivalry, Dennis and Dee often team up together, especially in the game of Chardee MacDennis, where Dennis and Dee perform exceptionally against Mac, Charlie, and Frank (mainly through cheating and rigging the game). There are also instances where Dennis looks out for Dee, such as when he showed care for her when she gives birth and when he became concerned that she will fail miserably when her stand-up career began to apparently take off.


title: Dennis Reynolds

text: Like his sister, Dennis despises Frank as a father, and was initially reluctant to let Frank join 'The Gang'. After it was revealed that Frank is not their biological father, both Dennis and Dee stopped treating him like a father, rather merely as a member of the gang. Their relationship remained relatively hostile in the earlier seasons of the series, with Frank at one point selling Dennis out to prostitution in order to pay off $25,000 owed to the mafia ("The Gang Gets Whacked"). Over time, however, Dennis begins to partner with Frank more often, including helping him cook up Paddy's books through several money laundering outlets ("Sweet Dee Gets Audited"), teaming up together to buy out a ski resort ("The Gang Hits the Slopes"), and bathing together at Dee's apartment ("Ass Kickers United: Mac and Charlie Join a Cult").


title: Dennis Reynolds

text: In the Season 6 premiere "Mac Fights Gay Marriage", Dennis marries Maureen Ponderosa, his high school sweetheart. After falling out with her, Dennis attempts to divorce Maureen, but she hires The Lawyer to negotiate with Jack Kelly, Dennis's lawyer. They reached a settlement where Maureen agrees to divorce Dennis on the grounds that he pays for her alimony and $90,000 debt, much to Dennis's displeasure. In Season 8, Dennis attempts to have Maureen sign off their alimony agreement as she prepares to marry Liam McPoyle, but Dennis has sex with her upon seeing her recent breast implants. The wedding would later be called off when chaos breaks out after Maureen's brother Bill spiked the wedding milk bowl. Over time, Maureen begins to transform herself into a cat through plastic surgery as well as catlike behavior, naming herself 'Bastet'. In the episode "McPoyle vs. Ponderosa: The Trial of the Century", during a separate trial, Dennis tries to argue in a court that he should no longer have to pay alimony to Maureen as she no longer considered herself human. Maureen dies in season 12 after attempting to climb the roof of a building and falling off, though it is heavily implied that Dennis might have pushed her ("Making Dennis Reynolds a Murderer", "Paddy's Has a Jumper").


title: Dennis Reynolds

text: In the Season 12 finale "Dennis' Double Life", Dennis reveals that he has fathered a child named Brian Jr. in North Dakota, under the false name 'Brian LeFevre', after a layover there ("The Gang Beats Boggs"). He attempts to fake his own death to avoid caring for the child, but later decides to move to North Dakota to raise him. He would return to Philadelphia in the premiere of Season 13.


title: Disappearance of Daniel Robinson

text: Daniel Robinson, aged 24, was last seen leaving a job site in Buckeye, Arizona near Sun Valley Parkway and Cactus Road on June 23, 2021 around 9:15 am, in his 2017 blue-grey Jeep Renegade headed west towards the desert, and reported missing later that day.


title: Disappearance of Daniel Robinson

text: Robinson is described by investigators and family as a 5'8" African American man, who weighed 165 pounds at the time of his disappearance. He has black hair and brown eyes, and is missing part of his right forearm, including his hand.


title: Disappearance of Daniel Robinson

text: Robinson was last seen leaving his job site in Buckeye, Arizona on June 23, 2021, where he was working as a geologist. A federal law enforcement official relayed to Daniel's father that he had seen him later that morning, cleaning his Jeep. He stated that Daniel seemed clear headed, and that they spoke briefly about target practice. The official confirmed that there was no damage to the Jeep at this time. He had moved into the Phoenix area after graduating as a field geologist in 2019.


title: Disappearance of Daniel Robinson

text: On July 19, 2021, a rancher found the Jeep rolled over on its side in a ravine on his property, with the airbags deployed, and evidence in the vehicle indicating that the driver was wearing a seatbelt at the time of the crash. Several personal items of Robinson’s were found with the vehicle, such as his cell phone, wallet, keys, and clothes.


title: Disappearance of Daniel Robinson

text: In late July 2021, a human skull was found in the area south of where Robinson’s vehicle was recovered. Testing later indicated that the skull was not that of Robinson, and no additional human remains were recovered at that time.


title: Disappearance of Daniel Robinson

text: In a statement made on September 16 2021, the Buckeye Police Department announced that they had worked with outside agencies to search over 70 square miles, with the assistance of UTVs, cadaver dogs, drones, and helicopters. After the discovery of the Jeep, Robinson’s family hired an accident reconstructionist and private investigator, who suggested that the accident scene had been staged. They stated that after the airbags deployed, the ignition was turned over 46 more times, and that there was an additional 11 miles on the car that registered after the car crashed.


title: Disappearance of Daniel Robinson

text: Investigators in October 2021 announced that Robinson had been texting a woman he met while delivering for Instacart, and reportedly was invited inside and exchanged numbers with her. Later text messages showed that he visited her home several times unannounced, and the woman indicated that she was extremely uncomfortable with his actions. Police initially interviewed friends, family, and coworkers about Robinson being suicidal over the relationship, but all told investigators that he was not.


title: Disappearance of Daniel Robinson

text: On November 9, 2021, it was announced that a second set of human remains had been discovered while searching for Robinson, and had been sent out for DNA testing and identification. The preliminary investigation, based on anthropological indication of race and the amount of time outside, has led officials to believe neither set of remains to be Robinson.


title: Disappearance of Daniel Robinson

text: Robinson’s father has been critical of the effort put into locating his son by local law enforcement, claiming that he has done more in attempting to locate his son from Phoenix than law enforcement has. The family has also put together a GoFundMe page to help gather donations, and a petition to keep interest in the case. Robinson's parents participated in the Facebook Watch series "Red Table Talk" to discuss Robinson's disappearance, and the difficulties they faced working with investigators to search for their son.


title: Disappearance of Daniel Robinson

text: Social media has also pointed out the lack of national attention that was being given to Robinson’s case compared to that of the disappearance of Gabby Petito.


title: Gyromagnetic ratio

text: In physics, the gyromagnetic ratio (also sometimes known as the magnetogyric ratio in other disciplines) of a particle or system is the ratio of its magnetic moment to its angular momentum, and it is often denoted by the symbol , gamma. Its SI unit is the radian per second per tesla (rad⋅s⋅T) or, equivalently, the coulomb per kilogram (C⋅kg).


title: Gyromagnetic ratio

text: The term "gyromagnetic ratio" is often used as a synonym for a "different" but closely related quantity, the -factor. The -factor only differs from the gyromagnetic ratio in being dimensionless.


title: Gyromagnetic ratio

text: Consider a nonconductive charged body rotating about an axis of symmetry. According to the laws of classical physics, it has both a magnetic dipole moment due to the movement of charge and an angular momentum due to the movement of mass arising from its rotation. It can be shown that as long as its charge and mass density and flow are distributed identically and rotationally symmetric, its gyromagnetic ratio is


title: Gyromagnetic ratio

text: The derivation of this relation is as follows. It suffices to demonstrate this for an infinitesimally narrow circular ring within the body, as the general result then follows from an integration. Suppose the ring has radius , area , mass , charge , and angular momentum . Then the magnitude of the magnetic dipole moment is


title: Gyromagnetic ratio

text: An isolated electron has an angular momentum and a magnetic moment resulting from its spin. While an electron's spin is sometimes visualized as a literal rotation about an axis, it cannot be attributed to mass distributed identically to the charge. The above classical relation does not hold, giving the wrong result by the absolute value of the electron's -factor, which is denoted :


title: Gyromagnetic ratio

text: where formula_7 is the fine-structure constant. Here the small corrections to the relativistic result come from the quantum field theory calculations of the anomalous magnetic dipole moment. The electron -factor is known to twelve decimal places by measuring the electron magnetic moment in a one-electron cyclotron:


title: Gyromagnetic ratio

text: The electron -factor and are in excellent agreement with theory; see "Precision tests of QED" for details.


title: Gyromagnetic ratio

text: Since a gyromagnetic factor equal to 2 follows from the Dirac's equation it is a frequent misconception to think that a -factor 2 is a consequence of relativity; it is not. The factor 2 can be obtained from the linearization of both the Schrödinger equation and the relativistic Klein–Gordon equation (which leads to Dirac's). In both cases a 4-spinor is obtained and for both linearizations the -factor is found to be equal to 2; Therefore, the factor 2 is a consequence of the minimal coupling and of the fact of having the same order of derivatives for space and time.


title: Gyromagnetic ratio

text: Physical spin particles which can not be described by the linear gauged Dirac equation satisfy the gauged Klein–Gordon equation extended by the term according to,


title: Gyromagnetic ratio

text: Here, and stand for the Lorentz group generators in the Dirac space, and the electromagnetic tensor respectively, while is the electromagnetic four-potential. An example for such a particle, is the spin companion to spin in the representation space of the Lorentz group. This particle has been shown to be characterized by and consequently to behave as a truly quadratic fermion.


title: Gyromagnetic ratio

text: Protons, neutrons, and many nuclei carry nuclear spin, which gives rise to a gyromagnetic ratio as above. The ratio is conventionally written in terms of the proton mass and charge, even for neutrons and for other nuclei, for the sake of simplicity and consistency. The formula is:


title: Gyromagnetic ratio

text: where formula_13 is the nuclear magneton, and formula_14 is the -factor of the nucleon or nucleus in question. The ratio of formula_15 equal to formula_16, is 7.622593285(47) MHz/T.


title: Gyromagnetic ratio

text: The gyromagnetic ratio of a nucleus plays a role in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These procedures rely on the fact that bulk magnetization due to nuclear spins precess in a magnetic field at a rate called the Larmor frequency, which is simply the product of the gyromagnetic ratio with the magnetic field strength. With this phenomenon, the sign of determines the sense (clockwise vs counterclockwise) of precession.


title: Gyromagnetic ratio

text: Most common nuclei such as H and C have positive gyromagnetic ratios. Approximate values for some common nuclei are given in the table below.


title: Gyromagnetic ratio

text: Any free system with a constant gyromagnetic ratio, such as a rigid system of charges, a nucleus, or an electron, when placed in an external magnetic field (measured in teslas) that is not aligned with its magnetic moment, will precess at a frequency (measured in hertz), that is proportional to the external field:


title: Gyromagnetic ratio

text: The derivation of this relation is as follows: First we must prove that the torque resulting from subjecting a magnetic moment formula_18 to a magnetic field formula_19 is


title: Gyromagnetic ratio

text: formula_20 The identity of the functional form of the stationary electric and magnetic fields has led to defining the magnitude of the magnetic dipole moment equally well as formula_21, or in the following way, imitating the moment of an electric dipole: The magnetic dipole can be represented by a needle of a compass with fictitious magnetic charges formula_22 on the two poles and vector distance between the poles formula_23 under the influence of the magnetic field of earth formula_24 By classical mechanics the torque on this needle is formula_25 But as previously stated formula_26 so the desired formula comes up. formula_27 is the unit distance vector.


title: Gyromagnetic ratio

text: The model of the spinning electron we use in the derivation has an evident analogy with a gyroscope. For any rotating body the rate of change of the angular momentum formula_28 equals the applied torque formula_29:


title: Gyromagnetic ratio

text: Note as an example the precession of a gyroscope. The earth's gravitational attraction applies a force or torque to the gyroscope in the vertical direction, and the angular momentum vector along the axis of the gyroscope rotates slowly about a vertical line through the pivot. In the place of the gyroscope imagine a sphere spinning around the axis and with its center on the pivot of the gyroscope, and along the axis of the gyroscope two oppositely directed vectors both originated in the center of the sphere, upwards formula_31 and downwards formula_32 Replace the gravity with a magnetic flux density


title: Gyromagnetic ratio

text: formula_34 represents the linear velocity of the pike of the arrow formula_35 along a circle whose radius is formula_36 where formula_37 is the angle between formula_35 and the vertical. Hence the angular velocity of the rotation of the spin is


title: Gyromagnetic ratio

text: This relationship also explains an apparent contradiction between the two equivalent terms, gyromagnetic ratio versus magnetogyric ratio: whereas it is a ratio of a magnetic property (i.e. dipole moment) to a "gyric" (rotational, from , "turn") property (i.e. angular momentum), it is also, "at the same time", a ratio between the angular precession frequency (another "gyric" property) and the magnetic field.


title: Gyromagnetic ratio

text: The angular precession frequency has an important physical meaning: It is the "angular cyclotron frequency", the resonance frequency of an ionized plasma being under the influence of a static finite magnetic field, when we superimpose a high frequency electromagnetic field.


title: Chess annotation symbols

text: When annotating chess games, commentators frequently use widely recognized annotation symbols. Question marks and exclamation points that denote a move as bad or good are ubiquitous in chess literature. Some publications intended for an international audience, such as the "Chess Informant", have a wide range of additional symbols that transcend language barriers.


title: Chess annotation symbols

text: The common symbols for evaluating the merits of a move are "??", "?", "?!", "!?", "!", and "!!". The chosen symbol is appended to the text describing the move (e.g. Re7? or Kh1!?); see Algebraic chess notation.


title: Chess annotation symbols

text: Use of these annotation symbols is subjective, as different annotators use the same symbols differently. Moreover, an annotator's use of symbols is often influenced by the player's strength: for example, a positional misjudgment that an annotator might give a "??" if played by a strong grandmaster might pass unremarked if played by a novice.


title: Chess annotation symbols

text: Annotators' use of punctuation may also be influenced by the result of the game regardless of the actual quality of the move; this tendency is sometimes referred to as "annotation by result".


title: Chess annotation symbols

text: The double question mark "??" indicates a blunder, a bad mistake. Typical moves that receive double question marks are those that overlook a tactic that wins substantial or overlook a checkmate. A "??"-worthy move usually results in an immediately lost position. Occasionally, the sign is used for a move that transforms a won position into a draw, perhaps because the annotator feels that the mistake is unworthy of the player's skill level. Blunders occur at all levels of play to all human competitors.


title: Chess annotation symbols

text: A single question mark "?" indicates that the annotator thinks that the move is a poor one and that it should not have been played. Mistakes often lead to loss of tempo or material. The nature of a mistake may be more strategic than tactical; in some cases, the move receiving a question mark may be one for which it is difficult to find a refutation. A move that overlooks a forthcoming brilliant combination from the opponent would rarely receive more than one question mark, for example.


title: Chess annotation symbols

text: Whether a single or double question mark is used is subjective and may depend on the player's strength. For instance, if a beginner makes a serious strategic error (for instance, accepting gratuitous pawn weaknesses or exchanging into a lost endgame) or overlooks a tactical sequence, this might be explained by the beginner's lack of skill and be given only one question mark. If a master were to make the same move, some annotators might use the double question mark to indicate that one would never expect a player of master strength to make such a weak move.


title: Chess annotation symbols

text: This symbol is similar to the "!?" (below) but usually indicates that the annotator believes the move to be dubious or questionable but to possibly have merits. The "?!" may also indicate that the annotator believes the move is deserving of criticism but not bad enough to warrant a "?". A sacrifice leading to a dangerous attack that the opponent should be able to defend against if they play well may receive a "?!". Alternatively, this may denote a move that is objectively bad but sets up an attractive trap.


title: Chess annotation symbols

text: The "!?" is one of the more controversial symbols. Different books have slightly varying definitions. Among the definitions are "interesting, but perhaps not the best move", "move deserving attention", "enterprising move" and "risky move". Usually it indicates that the move leads to exciting or wild play but that the objective evaluation of the move is unclear. It is also often used when a player sets a cunning trap in a lost position. Typical moves receiving a "!?" are those involving speculative sacrifices or dangerous attacks that might turn out to be strategically deficient.


title: Chess annotation symbols

text: Andrew Soltis jokingly called "!?" the symbol of the lazy annotator who finds a move interesting but cannot be bothered to work out whether it is good or bad.


title: Chess annotation symbols

text: An exclamation point ("!") indicates a good move—especially one that is surprising or requires particular skill.


title: Chess annotation symbols

text: The symbol may also be interpreted as "best move". Annotators are usually somewhat conservative with the use of this symbol.


title: Chess annotation symbols

text: Reasons for awarding the symbol vary widely between annotators; among them are strong , well-timed breakthroughs, sound sacrifices, moves that set traps in lost positions, moves that avoid such traps, and good psychological choices in the opening.


title: Chess annotation symbols

text: The double exclamation point ("!!") is used for very strong moves such as sound sacrifices of large amounts of material and counter-intuitive moves that prove very powerful. For example, in what is known as the Game of the Century, 13-year-old Bobby Fischer's decision to sacrifice his queen for a strategic attack was awarded by annotators a double exclamation point.


title: Chess annotation symbols

text: A few writers have used three or more exclamation points ("!!!") for exceptionally brilliant moves. For example, when annotating Rotlewi–Rubinstein 1907, Hans Kmoch awarded Rubinstein's 22...Rxc3 three exclamation points. Likewise, an exceptionally bad blunder may be awarded three or more question marks ("???"). The general consensus among chess writers is that these symbols are unnecessary.


title: Chess annotation symbols

text: A few writers have used unusual combinations of question marks and exclamation points (e.g. "!!?", "?!?", "??!") for particularly unusual or controversial moves, but these have no generally accepted meaning and are typically used for humorous or entertainment purposes.


title: Chess annotation symbols

text: Sometimes annotation symbols are put in parentheses, e.g. "(?)", "(!)". Different writers have used these in different ways; for example, Ludek Pachman used "(?)" to indicate a move that he considered inferior but that he did not wish to comment on further; Simon Webb used it to indicate a move that is objectively sound, but was in his opinion a poor psychological choice; and Robert Hübner (see below) used it to indicate a move that is inaccurate and makes the player's task more difficult.


title: Chess annotation symbols

text: In his 1992 book "Secrets of Rook Endings" and other books in the series ("Secrets of Minor-Piece Endings" and "Secrets of Pawnless Endings"), John Nunn uses these symbols in a more specific way in the context of endgames where the optimal line of play can be determined with certainty:


title: Chess annotation symbols

text: This convention has been used in some later works, such as "Fundamental Chess Endings" and "Secrets of Pawn Endings" by Karsten Müller and Frank Lamprecht, but it can be safely assumed the convention is not being used unless there is a specific note otherwise. The Nunn convention cannot be used to annotate full games because the exact evaluation of a position is generally impractical to compute.


title: Chess annotation symbols

text: German grandmaster Robert Hübner prefers an even more specific and restrained use of move evaluation symbols:


title: Chess annotation symbols

text: When the solution to a certain chess problem is given, there are also some conventions that have become a common practice:


title: Chess annotation symbols

text: There are other symbols used by various chess engines and publications, such as "Chess Informant" and "Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings", when annotating moves or describing positions. Many of the symbols now have Unicode encodings, but quite a few still require a special chess font with appropriated characters.


title: Gene Saks

text: Gene Saks (born Jean Michael Saks; November 8, 1921 – March 28, 2015) was an American director and actor. An inductee of the American Theater Hall of Fame, his acting career began with a Broadway debut in 1949. As a director, he was nominated for seven Tony Awards, winning three for his direction of "I Love My Wife", "Brighton Beach Memoirs" and "Biloxi Blues". He also directed a number of films during his career. He was married to Bea Arthur from 1950 until 1978, and subsequently to Keren Saks from 1980 to his death in 2015.


title: Gene Saks

text: Saks was born in New York City, the son of Beatrix (née Lewkowitz) and Morris J. Saks. Saks first became involved in theater as a student at Hackensack High School. He studied at Cornell University. Upon graduation, he served in the United States Navy during World War II, taking part in the Normandy landings. He also trained for acting at the Dramatic Workshop of The New School in New York with the German director Erwin Piscator and helped start a theater cooperative at the Cherry Lane Theater and appeared in a number of productions as Off Broadway blossomed.


title: Gene Saks

text: Saks made his acting debut on Broadway in "South Pacific" in 1949. On stage he also appeared in e. e. cummings's "Him", "A Shot in the Dark", "The Tenth Man" and "A Thousand Clowns", in the role of Leo "Chuckles The Chipmunk" Herman, which he reprised in the film version. He portrayed Jack Lemmon's brother in the screen adaptation of Simon's "The Prisoner of Second Avenue", and also appeared in "Nobody's Fool" starring Paul Newman.


title: Gene Saks

text: Saks shared a long-term professional association with playwright/comedy writer Neil Simon, directing Simon's plays "Biloxi Blues", "Brighton Beach Memoirs", "Jake's Women", "Rumors", "Lost in Yonkers", "Broadway Bound", "The Odd Couple" (1985 revival with female cast) and "California Suite". His additional Broadway credits included "Enter Laughing"; "Half a Sixpence"; "Nobody Loves an Albatross"; "Mame"; "I Love My Wife"; "Same Time, Next Year" and "Rags".


title: Gene Saks

text: Among Saks's film directing credits were "Barefoot in the Park", "The Odd Couple", "Cactus Flower" (which won Goldie Hawn the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress), "Last of the Red Hot Lovers", "Mame", "Brighton Beach Memoirs", "A Fine Romance", and the 1995 television production of "Bye Bye Birdie".


title: Gene Saks

text: Saks was married to fellow Actors Studio member actress Bea Arthur from 1950 until 1978. The couple had two sons by adoption: Matthew (born in 1961), an actor, and Daniel (born in 1964), a set designer. He also had a daughter by his second wife Keren Saks. Saks died of pneumonia at his East Hampton residence on March 28, 2015, aged 93.


title: Kingdom of Iceland

text: The Kingdom of Iceland (; ) was a sovereign and independent country under a constitutional and hereditary monarchy that was established by the Act of Union with Denmark signed on 1 December 1918. It lasted until 17 June 1944 when a national referendum established the Republic of Iceland in its place.


title: Kingdom of Iceland

text: Under a personal union, due to the Act of Union, the monarch was simultaneously monarch of Denmark. The Parliament of Iceland asked that Denmark represent Iceland internationally, and day-to-day matters were delegated to a Danish plenipotentiary for Icelandic affairs based in Reykjavík, and – after the German invasion of Denmark in 1940 – a regent was appointed.


title: Kingdom of Iceland

text: Because of the Kalmar Union, Iceland had been under the control of the Crown of Denmark since 1380, although formally it had been a Norwegian possession until 1814. In 1874, one thousand years after the first acknowledged settlement, Denmark granted Iceland home rule. The constitution, written the same year, was revised in 1903 and the extent of Iceland's home rule increased in 1904. A minister for Icelandic affairs, residing in Reykjavík, was made responsible to the "Althing", the Icelandic parliament.


title: Kingdom of Iceland

text: On 1 December 1918, the Act of Union, an agreement with Denmark, recognized Iceland as a fully sovereign state, an independent country in personal union with Denmark through a common monarch. The Kingdom of Iceland established its own flag and coat of arms and asked that Denmark represent its foreign affairs and defence interests on its behalf while retaining full control over its foreign affairs and defence. Iceland opened its first Embassy in 1920. The Act would be reviewed in 1940 and could be revoked three years later if agreement to continue it could not be reached.


title: Kingdom of Iceland

text: During the first year of World War II, Iceland strictly enforced a position of neutrality and took action against both British and German forces that violated it. The German invasion of Denmark on 9 April 1940 and subsequent occupation severed communications between Iceland and Denmark. As a result, on 10 April, the Althing passed two resolutions investing the Icelandic cabinet with the power of head of state and declaring that Iceland would accept full responsibility for both foreign policy and coastal surveillance. On 10 May 1940, Operation Fork was launched by the United Kingdom when military forces sailed into Reykjavík harbour and began an invasion of Iceland. The government of Iceland issued a protest against what it called a "flagrant violation" of Icelandic neutrality. On the day of the invasion, Prime Minister Hermann Jónasson read a radio announcement instructing Icelanders to treat the British troops as guests.


title: Kingdom of Iceland

text: On 15 May 1941, the Althing adopted a law creating the position of regent for Sveinn Björnsson in order to represent the monarchy. The Allied occupation of Iceland lasted until 1941 when the Government of Iceland asked the United States (which was then neutral) to take over its defence. The defence of Iceland was the United States' first participation in World War II.


title: Kingdom of Iceland

text: At its peak, Britain had approximately 25,000 troops stationed in Iceland, all but eliminating unemployment in Reykjavík and other strategically important places. In July 1941, the "Althingi" adopted the American–Icelandic defence agreement, passing responsibility for Iceland's defence to the United States. As many as 40,000 American soldiers were then stationed on the island, outnumbering the native population of adult men. (Iceland's total native population during the war was approximately 120,000.)


title: Kingdom of Iceland

text: Following a constitutional referendum in May 1944, Iceland formally became a republic on 17 June 1944. Many Danes felt offended at its timing, as Denmark was still occupied by Germany. King Christian X nonetheless sent a message of congratulations to the Icelandic people.


title: John Knatchbull, 7th Baron Brabourne

text: John Ulick Knatchbull, 7th Baron Brabourne, (9 November 1924 – 23 September 2005), professionally known as John Brabourne, was a British peer, television producer and Oscar-nominated film producer. Married to the eldest daughter of the 1st Earl Mountbatten, Brabourne was a survivor of the bombing which killed his father-in-law, mother and son.


title: John Knatchbull, 7th Baron Brabourne

text: Brabourne was born in 1924, the second son of Michael Knatchbull, 5th Baron Brabourne, and his wife, Lady Doreen Browne. He was educated at Eton College and Brasenose College, Oxford. He was barely 14 when his father died in February 1939 and his elder brother, Norton, inherited the Barony.


title: John Knatchbull, 7th Baron Brabourne

text: The Second World War broke out just as Brabourne was finishing school, and he enlisted in the armed forces. He served in the Coldstream Guards, rising to the rank of captain. He fought in France from 1944 onwards. In 1943, his elder brother, Norton, a lieutenant in the Grenadier Guards, was wounded and captured in Italy. While being transported to Germany as a POW, he tried to escape, but was captured and executed by the SS on 15 September 1943. Since he died childless, his barony passed to his younger brother, John Knatchbull, who became the 7th Lord Brabourne.


title: John Knatchbull, 7th Baron Brabourne

text: At the end of the war, Brabourne returned to England and settled in the family seat, Mersham in Kent. On 26 October 1946, at Romsey Abbey in Hampshire, at the age of 21, he married Patricia Mountbatten, elder daughter of Louis Mountbatten, 1st Viscount Mountbatten, later 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma. Brabourne's best man at the wedding was Squadron Leader Charles Harris-St. John.


title: John Knatchbull, 7th Baron Brabourne

text: Lady Brabourne was to inherit her father's peerages in due course. This would make Lord and Lady Brabourne among the few married couples to each hold peerages in their own right. Also, Lady Brabourne was related to the British royal family, and her aunt Louise Mountbatten was at that time the Crown Princess (later Queen) of Sweden. In February 1947, only months after the wedding, Brabourne's father-in-law was appointed Viceroy of India. The newly-wed couple spent several months in India, residing with her parents in the viceregal palace. In November the same year, Lady Brabourne's first cousin Philip, Duke of Edinburgh wed Princess Elizabeth, future Queen of the United Kingdom.


title: John Knatchbull, 7th Baron Brabourne

text: In the late 1940s, shortly after leaving the army, Brabourne began working as an assistant production manager for certain television productions, mostly based on war-related themes. He graduated to the role of production manager by the early 1950s, and finally became a producer in his own right in 1958, with "Harry Black" a romantic story set in India, with war as the distant context. This was followed by "Sink the Bismarck!" (1960). War, Empire and India were recurrent themes in his work, and "A Passage to India" (1984) is among his films. His other motion pictures include "Murder on the Orient Express" (1974), "Death on the Nile" (1978), and "Little Dorrit" (1988).


title: John Knatchbull, 7th Baron Brabourne

text: In 1970, he founded Mersham Productions, a production house named after his family seat in Kent, which produced many of his works thereafter. He served as a director of Thames Television (later chairman) and Euston Films from 1978 to 1995, and a director of Thorn EMI from 1981 to 1986.


title: John Knatchbull, 7th Baron Brabourne

text: John Brabourne received two Academy Award nominations for Best Picture, as producer of "Romeo and Juliet" (1968) and "A Passage to India". In 1979, Brabourne was invested as a Fellow of the British Film Institute. In 1993, he was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire.


title: John Knatchbull, 7th Baron Brabourne

text: He was the subject of "This Is Your Life" in 1990 when he was surprised by Michael Aspel at the Old Brewery venue in London.


title: John Knatchbull, 7th Baron Brabourne

text: Despite an active career, Brabourne was also a country gentleman, and took his local responsibilities seriously. He served as a governor of various schools, including Norton Knatchbull School (founded by an ancestor AD) from 1947 to 2000; Wye College in Kent from 1955 to 2000, and Gordonstoun School from 1964 to 1994. He also served as Pro-Chancellor of the University of Kent from 1993 to 1999.


title: John Knatchbull, 7th Baron Brabourne

text: On 27 August 1979, while the family was on holiday in Mullaghmore, County Sligo, Lord Brabourne's father-in-law, Earl Mountbatten of Burma, took a number of family members out lobstering on his motorboat, "Shadow V", in Donegal Bay. Having planned to murder Mountbatten, the Irish Republican Army (IRA) placed a bomb inside the boat on the night of the 26th. Mountbatten and several members of the party were killed the next morning when the bomb was triggered by an IRA observer onshore who was armed with a radio detonator. The dead included Brabourne's 83-year-old mother, the Dowager Baroness Brabourne, one of his twin 14-year-old sons, Nicholas Knatchbull, and a local boy, 15-year-old Paul Maxwell from County Fermanagh who had been hired for the summer as Mountbatten's boat boy. Brabourne, his wife Patricia, and their other twin son Timothy were severely injured, but survived the attack.


title: John Knatchbull, 7th Baron Brabourne

text: Lord Brabourne died in 2005 at his home in Kent at the age of 80. He was survived by his wife and their six remaining children. Patricia Brabourne died in June 2017.


title: Suspenders

text: Suspenders (American English, Canadian English), or braces (British English, Australian English) are fabric or leather straps worn over the shoulders to hold up skirts or trousers. The straps may be elasticated, either entirely or only at attachment ends, and most straps are of woven cloth forming an X or Y shape at the back. Suspenders are typically attached to skirts and trousers with clips or buttons using leather tabs at the ends.


title: Suspenders

text: In British English, a suspender belt, or suspenders for short, is a garment used to hold up stockings. This is called a garter belt in American English.


title: Suspenders

text: There have been several precursors to suspenders throughout the past 300 years, but modern suspenders were first popularised as "braces" in 1822 by a London haberdasher Albert Thurston. They were once almost universally worn, due to the high cut of mid-nineteenth and early twentieth century skirts and trousers that made a belt impractical. During the nineteenth century, suspenders were sometimes called galluses. Samuel Clemens, known for his work as the author Mark Twain, patented "Adjustable and Detachable Straps for Garments" (ADSG), becoming one of the first to receive a United States patent for suspenders in 1871.


title: Suspenders

text: After losing popularity during World War I, when men became accustomed to uniform belts, suspenders were still regular attire throughout the 1920s. Because of their image as 'underwear', some men switched to belts during the 1930s as the vests (US/Canada) or waistcoats which had hidden suspenders became worn less often. This also signaled the switch in the position of securing buttons from the outside of the waistband to the inside. "Life" magazine stated in 1938 that 60% of American men chose belts over suspenders. Though the return of fuller-cut trousers in the 1940s revived suspenders, they did not dominate over belts again to the same extent. However, in the UK they remained the norm to wear with suits and dress trousers.


title: Suspenders

text: While suspenders have been in and out of fashion over the last century (alternating with belts in general preference), there has been a brief resurgence in interest, possibly due to the styles seen in films like "Wall Street". Many business people, newscasters (such as Larry King in the United States) and professionals such as lawyers also still wear suspenders.


title: Suspenders

text: Narrow, clip-on style suspenders are also a typical part of skinhead, and to a lesser extent, punk fashion. In skinhead and punk fashion, suspenders are typically between in width.


title: Suspenders

text: Materials used for making suspenders have also changed over time, with newer additions such as rayon, a hard-wearing synthetic fibre, now offered. Generally, a high-quality rayon with elastic webbing is the fabric used to create suspenders, with silks webbing or tubed suiting cloths from mills such as Dugdale Bros of England also used.


title: Suspenders

text: Suspenders can be measured in a variety of different ways to ensure proper fitting. To accurately measure suspenders, first, start by measuring from the back pant line, then cross over the opposite shoulder down to the front pant line. Add a few additional inches for adjustments when required.


title: Suspenders

text: Good quality smart suspenders were traditionally considered white collar, or upper or upper-middle class, wear. They were made to be attached to skirts or trousers by buttons sewn onto the waistband. There are relatively few current manufacturers in the UK, but the classic button-on 'reform' end is also quite widely available in the United States.


title: Suspenders

text: In traditional or formal settings, it is considered a "faux pas" to wear both belt and suspenders at the same time, though in the past this has not always been the case. Further, suspenders were traditionally considered an undergarment and, as such, were considered inappropriate to be seen. From the time of their invention until World War II, the waistcoat, or a jumper or cardigan for coolness in the summer, covered suspenders to prevent indecency. Similarly, jumpers and jackets kept the shirtsleeves hidden. In the inter-war period, however, men began removing jackets in public, and so this sensibility became eroded over time. It is perhaps only in Britain that a few 'die-hards' still consider it "gauche" to wear, for example, brightly colored suspenders without a jacket. Generally, it is now considered acceptable fashion, on both sides of the Atlantic, for men's suspenders to be seen.


title: Suspenders

text: The trousers for suspenders have buttons in order to attach the leather tabs; these may be either on the outside, traditionally, or inside of trousers that do not have belt loops. With belt loops, buttons would be sewn on the inside of the waistband. Such trousers might also have a high back in the "fishtail" shape, though this is not as common now; This style may also have an additional adjustable strap at the back, as well as the two side adjusters placed on most belt-less trousers. Buttons should be placed about apart, an equal distance from the back seam. At the front, the first button should be set over the main pleat or crease, the second button again about apart. It is important to place the buttons in the correct position, as trousers with suspenders should be slightly loose to hang correctly.


title: Suspenders

text: In the 2000s, it became fashionable for some younger women to wear suspenders, a style that emerged from Mod styles in the late 1960s through to punk rock and skinhead styles of the late 1970s into the 1980s. One particular exponent of this fashion was Eurythmics vocalist Annie Lennox, whose fashion styling was akin to cross-dressing as a male character, with her dark suit and red suspenders.


title: Spacehog

text: Spacehog are an English rock band formed in 1994 in New York City. Their music is heavily influenced by David Bowie, Queen, and T. Rex. The band's best known single is "In the Meantime".


title: Spacehog

text: Though all the band members are from Leeds, West Yorkshire, the band was formed in New York City. Antony Langdon met Jonny Cragg by chance in a café where Cragg had a job killing rats. Soon after, Langdon's brother Royston joined the band, and Spacehog was born. The band's original guitarist, Robert Curreri, was asked to leave the band, and Cragg's Canadian friend Richard Steel replaced him in 1994. The band signed in 1994 with Seymour Stein to Sire Records.


title: Spacehog

text: On 24 October 1995, Spacehog released its first album, "Resident Alien". It went gold on the Billboard charts, selling over 500,000 copies and spawned the hit single and video "In the Meantime" as well as the single "Cruel To Be Kind". "In the Meantime" received heavy video and radio play, and was used as background music to BBC's "Match of the Day" football programme. The band performed the song on Channel 4's "TFI Friday" in 1996. The band's second album, "The Chinese Album", was released on 10 March 1998. Though it did not sell as well as "Resident Alien", the band's popularity continued to increase as Spacehog opened for more popular acts such as Pearl Jam and Supergrass. "The Chinese Album" had a more "artsy" sound, with the Pink Floyd-like piano on the opening track and Michael Stipe of R.E.M. contributing vocals to the song "Almond Kisses".


title: Spacehog

text: After the band was dropped by Elektra Records, Spacehog signed with the upstart label Artemis Records and released its third album, "The Hogyssey", on 10 April 2001. The album continued the band's neo-glam approach and included the singles "I Want to Live" and "At Least I Got Laid", as well as a funk version of Richard Strauss's "Also sprach Zarathustra". The band joined The Black Crowes and Oasis on the Tour of Brotherly Love in support of the album, which proved to be the band's final major tour for several years.


title: Spacehog

text: Royston Langdon and American actress Liv Tyler became engaged in February 2001, and married in Barbados on 25 March 2003. In December 2004, she gave birth to their son, Milo William Langdon. On 8 May 2008, the couple confirmed through representatives that they would be separating but remain friends.


title: Spacehog

text: Antony, Royston, and Christian Langdon then pooled their resources to form Arckid. By June 2006, they had recorded eight songs with Bryce Goggin at Trout Studios in Brooklyn. Jonny Cragg, now sporting a moustache, joined The Twenty-Twos as their drummer post-Spacehog, but has since rejoined the Langdon brothers in Arckid.


title: Spacehog

text: At the end of November 2006, Antony Langdon left Arckid on good terms and had devised an alter ego known as "Louis Arogant". This project was near completion as a record entitled "Victoria": an homage to Langdon's love for his wife, the director Victoria Clay de Mendoza. The album was intended to release at end of 2007, but was never released. He also continued in the production of his television work. Also in the works was an album by Antony Langdon and Joaquin Phoenix. The project was called "This Lady is a Tramp" and was being mixed by Paul McKenna with help from Creation Records founder Alan McGee and the Charlatans’ Tim Burgess.


title: Spacehog

text: Antony Langdon was briefly replaced in Arckid by Your Vegas guitarist Mat Steel, who subsequently left Arckid after they shot their first video to rejoin Your Vegas. Pete Denton of Cube and Kid Symphony fame joined Arckid for a short period of time. Richard Steel accompanied the three members of Arckid on stage during the Hilfiger Sessions NY and the 2007 Lollapalooza gigs.


title: Spacehog

text: In July 2008, Spacehog reunited to play two shows, the first at the Viper Room and the second at Troubador. Drummer Jonny Cragg posted on the Arckid MySpace page that Spacehog would be reuniting and would begin work on a new record. In July 2009, Spacehog reunited at Spaceland in Los Angeles.


title: Spacehog

text: In 2010, Spacehog guitarist Antony Langdon gained notoriety for his role in the controversial mockumentary "I'm Still Here", starring Joaquin Phoenix. Langdon, who was one of Phoenix's assistants as well as a musical partner, staged a falling-out with the actor during the documentary's filming and is shown defecating on the troubled actor in retaliation for an earlier argument. In an earlier part of the film, there is a similarly shocking scene involving Langdon getting out of the shower.


title: Spacehog

text: Langdon's time in Spacehog is not mentioned in the film, but a clip of the band performing on television is shown. Royston Langdon is also credited for one of the film's songs.


title: Spacehog

text: The film's cinematographer, Magdalena Gorka, sued director Casey Affleck for multiple complaints. She alleged Antony Langdon, who worked as the camera assistant, was one of the crew members who subjected her to "routine instances" of sexual harassment.


title: Spacehog

text: On 17 September 2011, Spacehog announced the completion of their latest album, "As It Is on Earth", on their MySpace page. It was released on 16 April 2013.


title: Dil Ka Rishta

text: Dil Ka Rishta () is a 2003 Indian Hindi romance film, directed by Naresh Malhotra and produced by Aditya Rai. It was produced by Rai's production house Target Films and Tips Industries Limited. The film stars Arjun Rampal and Aishwarya Rai with Priyanshu Chatterjee, Isha Koppikar, Rakhee Gulzar and Paresh Rawal in supporting roles. The music is composed by Nadeem Shravan and the lyrics are penned by Sameer


title: Dil Ka Rishta

text: Jai is a wealthy young man who supports many charities. One day, he accompanies his friend, Anita to a school for the deaf, which he is sponsoring. There, he meets Tia, a teacher, and develops feelings for her. He tries to court her, believing that Tia feels something for him too. Tia, on the other hand, views him simply as a good friend. When he finally admits his feelings, Tia reveals the existence of her fiancé, Raj. Despite knowing of her engagement, Jai relentlessly pursues Tia, who soon angrily rejects him. Tia marries Raj, they have a baby son named Anshu, and live a poor but happy life together. Jai is left devastated.


title: Dil Ka Rishta

text: One night Jai becomes extremely drunk and drives home with Anita, soon colliding with another car. A plot twist reveals that Tia and Raj were in the other car. Anita and Raj are killed at the scene, while Tia survives but loses her memory.


title: Dil Ka Rishta

text: Tia's doctors believe that Tia won't be able to handle the mental anguish caused by the return of her memories, advising her mother to move Tia to a place where nothing'll remind her of her past. Jai, overcome with guilt for being the cause of her condition, offers Tia and her mother his house in South Africa so that she can recuperate. Tia's mother accepts for Tia's sake, even though she loathes Jai for causing the accident. Tia is informed that she had been in a car accident with Jai and Anita, who was her best friend, and that Anshu is Jai and Anita's son. She is also told that she had always looked after Anshu as an aunt, and is encouraged to continue acting as a motherly figure to him.


title: Dil Ka Rishta

text: In South Africa, Tia's mother realizes that Tia is developing feelings for Jai and warns him not to encourage or reciprocate her feelings. Full of self-hatred, Jai keeps his distance from Tia despite her attempts to befriend him. Jai's father tries to set them up but Jai refuses, even though he still loves her. Tia's mother, eventually realizing that she wants a complete family life for Tia and Anshu, accepts the fact that her daughter is in love with Jai and gives her blessing. However, Jai's guilt causes him to refuse a relationship with Tia.


title: Dil Ka Rishta

text: Tia confronts Jai about his distant attitude towards her, and they argue. Tia flees and Jai follows her. When she threatens to commit suicide, Jai is forced to admit that Anshu is Tia's son, Anita was his friend, and that her husband Raj died in the accident as well.


title: Dil Ka Rishta

text: The film concludes with a final confrontation between all the characters. Jai's father and Tia's mother arrive at the scene. Tia forgives Jai for the accident, believing that it was her destiny, because she has no memory of her past. She states her intention to leave and start a new life with her mother and Anshu, but Jai asks her to marry him, which she accepts.


title: Dil Ka Rishta

text: The music is composed by Nadeem-Shravan with lyrics by Sameer. The music of this movie went on to become highly successful. Manish Dhamija of Planet Bollywood in his review gave the album 7 stars out of 10. According to the Indian trade website Box Office India, with around 14,00,000 units sold, this film's soundtrack album was the year's one of the highest selling. The movie is a modern take on "Kinara" released in 1977


title: NRK

text: NRK, an abbreviation of the Norwegian "Norsk Rikskringkasting AS", generally expressed in English as the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation, is the Norwegian government-owned radio and television public broadcasting company, and the largest media organisation in Norway. All other TV channels, broadcast from Norway, were banned between 1960 and 1981. NRK broadcasts three national TV channels and thirteen national radio channels on digital terrestrial television, digital terrestrial radio and subscription television. All NRK radio stations are streamed online at NRK.no, which also offers an extensive TV service. NRK is a founding member of the European Broadcasting Union.


title: NRK

text: Until the start of 2020, about 94% of NRK's funding came from a mandatory annual licence fee payable by anyone who owns or uses a TV or device capable of receiving TV broadcasts. The remainder came from commercial activities such as programme and DVD sales, spin-off products, and certain types of sponsorships. NRK's license income in 2012 was more than 5 billion NOK. In the autumn of 2015, the government announced that it planned to change the way NRK is financed. This was in part a reaction to the decline of TV ownership in Norway. From the start of 2020, NRK funding is an item in the national budget and the costs are covered through taxation for each individual liable for income taxes in Norway.