title: Bangor, County Down

text: In 1689 during the Williamite War in Ireland, Marshal Schomberg's expedition landed at Ballyholme Bay and captured Bangor, before going on to besiege Carrickfergus. Schomberg's force went south to Dundalk Camp and were present at the Battle of the Boyne the following year.


title: Bangor, County Down

text: The city was an important source of customs revenue for the Crown and in the 1780s Colonel Robert Ward improved the harbour and promoted the cotton industries; today's seafront was the location of several large steam-powered cotton mills, which employed a large workforce.


title: Bangor, County Down

text: The end of the 18th century was a time of great political and social turmoil in Ireland, as the United Irishmen, inspired by the American and French Revolutions, sought to achieve a greater degree of independence from Britain. On the morning of 10 June 1798 a force of United Irishmen, mainly from Bangor, Donaghadee, Greyabbey and Ballywalter attempted to occupy the nearby town of Newtownards. They met with musket fire from the market house and were subsequently defeated.


title: Bangor, County Down

text: By the middle of the 19th century, the cotton mills had declined and the city changed in character once again. The laying of the railway in 1865 meant that inexpensive travel from Belfast was possible, and working-class people could afford for the first time to holiday in the city. Bangor soon became a fashionable resort for Victorian holidaymakers, as well as a desirable home to the wealthy. Many of the houses overlooking Bangor Bay (some of which have been demolished to make way for modern flats) date from this period. The belief in the restorative powers of the sea air meant that the city became a location for sea bathing and marine sports, and the number of visitors from Great Britain increased during the Edwardian era at the beginning of the 20th century, which also saw the improvement of Ward Park.


title: Bangor, County Down

text: The inter-war period of the early 20th century saw the development of the Tonic Cinema, Pickie Pool and Caproni's ballroom. All three were among the foremost of their type in Ireland, although they no longer exist. However, there is a park which replaced Pickie Pool named Pickie Fun Park. A children's paddling pool was created as the original Pickie Pool was demolished due to the rejuvenation of Bangor seafront in the 1980s and early 1990s. Pickie Fun Park closed in early 2011 to be refurbished and modernised. The park, which reopened in March 2012, boasts an 18-hole maritime themed mini golf course, children's electric cars and splash pads (replacing the old children's paddling pool). Also, the Pickie Puffer steam train has been given an enhanced route while the swans have a brand new lagoon.


title: Bangor, County Down

text: During World War II, General Dwight D. Eisenhower addressed Allied troops in Bangor, who were departing to take part in the D-Day landings. In 2005, his granddaughter Mary-Jean Eisenhower came to the city to oversee the renaming of the marina's North Pier to the Eisenhower Pier.


title: Bangor, County Down

text: With the growing popularity of inexpensive foreign holidays from the 1960s onwards, Bangor declined as a tourist resort and was forced to rethink its future. The second half of the 20th century saw its role as a dormitory town for Belfast become more important. Its population increased dramatically; from around 14,000 in 1930 it had reached 40,000 by 1971 and 58,000 by the end of the century (the 2001 census showed the population as 76,403).


title: Bangor, County Down

text: The 1970s saw the building of the Springhill Shopping Centre, an out–of–town development near the A2 road to Belfast and Northern Ireland's first purpose-built shopping centre. It has been demolished to facilitate a modern Tesco supermarket.


title: Bangor, County Down

text: In the early 1990s, Bloomfield Shopping Centre, another out–of–town development, opened beside Bloomfield Estate. In 2007, a major renovation of the centre began, including the construction of a multistorey car park. The trend towards out–of–town shopping centres was somewhat reversed with the construction of the Flagship Centre around 1990. The Flagship Centre went into administration and was closed in January 2019, it is currently undergoing appraisal for re-development options.


title: Bangor, County Down

text: The former seafront of the city is awaiting redevelopment and has been for over two decades, with a large part of the frontage already demolished, leaving a patch of derelict ground facing onto the marina. A great deal of local controversy surrounds this process and the many plans put forward by the council and developers for the land. In November 2009 it was voted by UTV viewers as Ulster's Biggest Eyesore. A state of the art recycling centre has been built in Balloo Industrial Estate which is supposed to be one of the most advanced in Europe. It opened in the summer of 2008.


title: Bangor, County Down

text: On 20 May 2022, it was announced that, as part of the Platinum Jubilee Civic Honours, Bangor would be granted city status by Letters Patent later in 2022.


title: Bangor, County Down

text: Despite escaping much of the sectarian violence during The Troubles, Bangor was the site of some major incidents. During the troubles there were eight murders in the city including that of the first Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) woman to be murdered on duty; 26-year-old Mildred Harrison was killed by an explosion from a UVF bomb while on foot patrol in the High Street on 16 March 1975. On 23 March 1972 the IRA detonated two large car bombs on the town's main street.


title: Bangor, County Down

text: On 30 March 1974, paramilitaries carried out a major incendiary bomb attack on the main shopping centre in Bangor. On 21 October 1992, an IRA unit from the lower Ormeau exploded a bomb in Main Street, causing large amounts of damage to nearby buildings.


title: Bangor, County Down

text: Main Street sustained more damage on 7 March 1993, when the IRA exploded a car bomb. Four RUC officers were injured in the explosion; the cost of the damage was later estimated at £2 million, as there was extensive damage to retail premises and Trinity Presbyterian Church, as well as minor damage to the local Church of Ireland Parish Church and First Bangor Presbyterian Church.


title: Bangor, County Down

text: Bangor lies on the east coast of Northern Ireland, on the south shore of the mouth of Belfast Lough, north east of central Belfast.


title: Bangor, County Down

text: The sea area to the north east of Bangor is Ballyholme Bay, named for the township of Ballyholme in the east of the town. During World War II the bay was used as a base for American troops training for the Normandy Landings. Two ships have been named SS Ballyholme Bay. In 1903 a Viking grave was found on the shore at Ballyholme Bay: it contained two bronze brooches, a bowl, a fragment of chain and some textile material. It has been said that "Ballyholme Bay is a sheltered bay and studies have suggested that it is one of the best landing places on Belfast Lough and would therefore have made a good location for a Viking base. It is possible that the burial was associated with a Viking settlement in the area." In 1689 Field Marshal Schomberg landed with 10,000 troops either at Ballyholme Bay or at Groomsport, a little further east.


title: Bangor, County Down

text: On Census day (27 March 2011) there were 61,011 people living in Bangor, accounting for 3.37% of the NI total. Of these:


title: Bangor, County Down

text: Colleges and schools in the area include South Eastern Regional College, Bangor Academy and Sixth Form College, Bangor Grammar School, Glenlola Collegiate School, and St Columbanus' College. Primary schools include Towerview Primary School, Clandeboye Primary, Ballyholme Primary School, Kilmaine Primary, St Malachy's Primary, St Comgall's Primary, Grange Park Primary, Ballymagee Primary, Bloomfield Primary, Kilcooley Primary, Rathmore Primary, Towerview Primary, and Bangor Central Integrated Primary School.


title: Bangor, County Down

text: There are also a number of secondary, grammar, and primary schools in nearby towns and the vicinity of Bangor such as Crawfordsburn Primary & Groomsport Primary; Priory Integrated College, Sullivan Upper School, Regent House Grammar School, Movilla High School, Strangford College, Campbell College, and Rockport School are secondary schools.


title: Bangor, County Down

text: Like the rest of Northern Ireland, Bangor has a mild climate with few extremes of weather. It enjoys one of the sunniest climates in Northern Ireland, and receives about of rain per year, which is moderate by Ireland's standards. Snow is rare but occurs at least once or twice in an average winter and frost is not as severe as areas further inland. This is due to the mild winters and close proximity to the sea. Winter maxima are about but can reach as high as . Average maxima in summer are around , although the record high is . The lowest recorded temperature is . Temperatures above in Bangor can be uncomfortable due to the high humidity, with an apparent temperature in the high 20s. The climate puts Bangor in USDA plant hardiness zone 9a.


title: Bangor, County Down

text: Bangor has had a number of extreme weather events, including hot summers in 2006, 2013 and 2018. The summers of 2007, 2008 and 2009 were some of the wettest on records with flooding in June 2007. The Autumn of 2006 was also the warmest recorded. December 2010 saw record snowfall fall on the town, with temperatures below . On 21 December 2010 an unofficial weather station staffed by a retired meteorological officer in the Springhill area recorded a low of , and a high of . Snow lay to a level depth of , the same morning. Inland Northern Ireland saw almost , new record lows. Like much of the UK, spring 2020 was the sunniest on record.


title: Bangor, County Down

text: The first section of Belfast and County Down Railway line from Belfast to Holywood opened in 1848 and was extended to Bangor by the Belfast, Holywood and Bangor Railway (BHBR), opening on 1 May 1865, along with Bangor railway station. It was acquired by the BCDR in 1884. and closed to goods traffic on 24 April 1950. Bangor West railway station was opened by the Belfast and County Down Railway on 1 June 1928.


title: Bangor, County Down

text: Bangor is served by Ulsterbus, which aside from local town services, provides daily services to Belfast, Newtownards, Holywood and Donaghadee.


title: Bangor, County Down

text: Bangor has clubs such as the Royal Ulster Yacht Club and Ballyholme Yacht Club which is the venue for Northern Ireland's Elite Sailing Facility.


title: Bangor, County Down

text: Bangor Aurora Aquatic and Leisure Complex includes Northern Ireland's only Olympic-size swimming pool.


title: Bangor, County Down

text: The town has created an environment which has supported local musicians, such as Foy Vance and Snow Patrol.


title: Rightmove

text: Rightmove plc is a UK-based company which runs rightmove.co.uk, the UK's largest online real estate property portal. Rightmove is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.


title: Rightmove

text: Rightmove was incorporated on 16 May 2000 and it launched its website, rightmove.co.uk, in July 2000. Rightmove's founding shareholders were Countrywide plc, Halifax, Royal & Sun Alliance and Connells.


title: Rightmove

text: Rightmove was first listed on the London Stock Exchange on 15 March 2006 at which time it became "Rightmove plc".


title: Rightmove

text: In 2007 Rightmove bought 67% of "Holiday Lettings Limited". In May 2008, HBOS, one of the founding investors, sold its stake in Rightmove. According to Forbes, Rightmove operates on a two-sided model which serves a vast “audience” for property listings on one side and 20,000 advertisers of available properties on the other side.


title: Rightmove

text: In November 2019, the company announced the appointment of Andrew Fisher as its Chairman, succeeding Scott Forbes who was in the role for over 14 years.


title: Rightmove

text: Rightmove makes money from listing estate agents on its website and offering additional advertising products to those agents. The ads are visible to users who search for the area chosen by the estate agent. Individuals selling property privately (i.e. directly without an agent) are prohibited from advertising on the site. Each month, Rightmove release a House Price Index, illustrating any changes in the asking prices of houses throughout England and Wales.


title: Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō

text: The series depicts the daily life of an android who runs a coffee shop some time after the Earth's ecology has collapsed. It is noted for its spare pen-and-ink drawing style, as well as its calm, meticulously paced stories and engaging characters. "Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō" won the 2007 Seiun Award for best science-fiction comic.


title: Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō

text: "Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō" is set in a peaceful, post-cataclysmic world where mankind is in decline after an environmental disaster. Exactly what happened is never explained, but sea levels have risen significantly, inundating coastal cities such as Yokohama, Mount Fuji erupted in living memory, and climate change has occurred. With the seasons being less pronounced, the winters are milder and the summer isn't scorching anymore. The reduced human population has reverted to a simpler life, and the reader is told this is the twilight of the human age. One scene depicts an anti-aircraft missile being used in a firework display. Instead of raging against their fate, humans have quietly accepted it.


title: Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō

text: Alpha Hatsuseno is an android ("robot person") who runs an out-of-the-way coffee shop, Café Alpha, on the lonely coast of the Miura Peninsula of Japan, while her human "owner" is on a trip of indefinite length. Though she spends much of her time alone, Alpha is cheerful, gregarious, and—unlike the slowly declining humans—immortal.


title: Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō

text: Most chapters of "Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō" are self-contained slice-of-life episodes depicting Alpha in daily activities, either alone, with customers, or on occasional trips through the countryside or into Yokohama for supplies (whence the "shopping log" of the title came). Whole chapters are devoted to brewing coffee, taking photographs, or repairing a tiny model aircraft engine, sometimes with only a few lines of dialogue. Through Alpha's experiences, the author brings out the small wonders of everyday life and makes the reader aware of their passing: the aircraft engine runs out of fuel; her scooter breaks down; the rising ocean encroaches on her coffee shop; the neighborhood children she loves grow up and move away. In evoking a nostalgia for this loss, Ashinano follows the Japanese tradition of "mono no aware" (sadness for the transience of things).


title: Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō

text: Though often self-contained, the stories have continuity—relationships grow and change, and seemingly insignificant details reappear later. Ashinano explains few details of Alpha's world, leaving mysteries that engage the reader as the series unfolds in a meandering progression, by turns funny, touching, and nostalgic.


title: Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō

text: Flying and flight recurs through the series. Alpha herself has repeated visions of flying. Planes that appear include Nai's airplane, the always-flying Taapon, and the model airplane engine that Alpha finds but never flies. The A7 series of robots is named after a Japanese World War II warplane Mitsubishi A7M that never saw production, and the character Saetta's name may be inspired by an Italian World War II warplane built by Aeronautica Macchi. Takahiro leaves ("flies away") to work for Nai. Ayase's "kamas" is a kind of flying fish. In the postscript episode, the unnamed character travels by glider.


title: Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō

text: The series contains elements of Chinese culture and mythology. Alpha's gekkin guitar is of Chinese origin, and the Taapon aircraft is named after the mythological bird Peng ("taapon" is the Japanese transliteration of "da peng").


title: Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō

text: Some character names appear in the geography of the Yokohama area. For example, there is a bus stop named Koumi'ishi to the south of Hayama, and Atsugi airfield, where Alpha meets Nai, is located in Ayase. There is a place called Maruko in Yokohama where Maruko's gallery is supposed to be.


title: Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō

text: That several details of "Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō" are left unexplained, or have answers only hinted at, is frequently mentioned in reviews of the series as contributing to a tone of mystery. Some are mysteries to the characters, which they speculate about without reaching conclusions, while others are presented to the reader without comment. Among the most prominent are:


title: Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō

text: Comparisons have been made between "Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō" and "Aria", noting that they are both quiet slice-of-life stories in a futuristic setting with a similar emotional effect. A reviewer at Uknighted Manganime wrote, "What the two have in common, though, is a bright look at the future and a generally optimistic view of humanity, despite our failings."


title: Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō

text: A total of 140 chapters were published in Japan by Kodansha in the "seinen" (aimed at younger adult men) manga magazine "Monthly Afternoon" between June 1994 to February 2006. The serial chapters were collected in 14 "tankōbon" volumes by Kodansha under the Afternoon KC imprint. In Q4 of 2009 Kodansha started a reprint of the "tankōbon" volumes. It is licensed in Korea under the title ("Café Alpha"), in Indonesia by M&C Comics, in Taiwan by Tong Li Publishing, in France by under the title , and in North America by Seven Seas Entertainment.


title: Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō

text: In addition, a six-page postscript episode was published in the July 2006 issue of "Afternoon". Titled "Touge" ("Mountain Pass"), this story does not have a chapter number and was not included in the original collection, though it is included in volume 10 of the re-release.


title: Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō

text: A postcard book () with art from the manga was published on 24 September 1997, and an artbook () was published on 20 March 2003.


title: Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō

text: Parts of the manga have been dramatized in two original video animation (OVA) anime series of two episodes each, where the latter one is titled "Quiet Country Cafe". In both series, Alpha is voiced by Hekiru Shiina and Kokone by Akiko Nakagawa.


title: Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō

text: Three drama CDs of "Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō" were released in 2002. In all three, Alpha is voiced by Hekiru Shiina and Kokone by Akiko Nakagawa.


title: Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō

text: A novel based on "Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō" called , written by and illustrated by Hitoshi Ashinano, was published by Kodansha on 23 October 2008 (). Set long after the conclusion of the manga series, it tells the story of a boy robot named Omega and his search for the legendary Cafe Alpha.


title: Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō

text: Even though it has not been published in English until they began releasing the second edition releases in 2022, "Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō" has received significant attention from reviewers outside Japan. Many reviewers praise Ashinano's drawing style, meticulous pacing, and engaging characters. Dirk Deppey wrote in "The Comics Journal", ""Yokohama Kaidashi Kikou" isn't just one of my favorite manga stories; it's one of my favorite comics, period." Derik A. Badman wrote, "This is light years beyond almost all the manga being translated and published in the US." A reviewer at Uknighted Manganime wrote, "Artwise, Yokohama Kaidashi Kikou ranks as the most impressive I have ever seen," adding, "Yokohama Kaidashi Kikou is, in short, the finest manga I have ever read, and I don’t see it being surpassed anytime soon, if ever."


title: Charlie Gillespie

text: Charles Gillespie (born August 26, 1998) is a Acadian and Canadian actor and singer, known for his role of Luke Patterson in the Netflix series "Julie and the Phantoms". He previously acted in shows and films including "Charmed", "", "The Rest of Us," and "Runt".


title: Charlie Gillespie

text: Charles Jeffrey Gillespie was born on August 26, 1998, in Dieppe, New Brunswick, Canada. He has three older brothers and a younger sister.


title: Charlie Gillespie

text: Gillespie began playing music at a young age, as his mother encouraged him and his siblings to take music lessons. He is able to play guitar, bass, trombone, tuba, piano, violin, and saxophone.


title: Charlie Gillespie

text: In 2014, Gillespie made his film debut in "Le gang des hors-la-loi". His film and television appearances include "Charmed", "", "The Rest of Us," and "Runt".


title: Charlie Gillespie

text: In 2019, Gillespie was cast in the role of Luke Patterson in the Netflix musical series "Julie and the Phantoms", which premiered in 2020. He stars alongside Jeremy Shada, Owen Joyner, and Madison Reyes. With Reyes, he wrote and performed the song "Perfect Harmony".


title: Richárd Rapport

text: Richárd Rapport (born 25 March 1996) is a Hungarian-Romanian chess grandmaster. A chess prodigy, he earned his grandmaster title at the age of 13 years, 11 months and 6 days, making him Hungary's youngest ever grandmaster. He was the Hungarian Chess Champion in 2017 and was the 5th highest rated player in the world


title: Richárd Rapport

text: Rapport was born in Szombathely, to Tamás Rapport and Erzsébet Mórocz, both economists. He learned chess at age four from his father.


title: Richárd Rapport

text: In 2006, he won the European Championships U10. Rapport achieved the National Master title in 2008, and became an International Master the next year. In March 2010, at the Gotth'Art Kupa in Szentgotthárd, he fulfilled the final norm and rating requirements for the Grandmaster title. He came in second on the tournament behind his trainer Alexander Beliavsky, and tied with Lajos Portisch (one of the strongest non-Soviet players in the second half of the 20th century). Thus, at the age of 13 years, 11 months and 6 days, he became the youngest ever Hungarian grandmaster (the previous record was held by former world title challenger Péter Lékó), and the fifth youngest chess grandmaster in history at the time.


title: Richárd Rapport

text: In May, Rapport tied for first in the Sigeman & Co Chess Tournament, together with Nigel Short and Nils Grandelius, winning on tiebreaks (head-to-head result). He scored 4½/7 (+3−1=3).


title: Richárd Rapport

text: In December, Rapport won the European Rapid Chess Championship and finished fourth in the European Blitz Chess Championship.


title: Richárd Rapport

text: From 20 to 23 December, Rapport won a match against 17-year-old Chinese player Wei Yi, held in Yancheng, China. At the time, Rapport was the highest rated "junior" (under 21) player at 2717, and Wei Yi was the second-highest rated at 2707. They tied a match of four classical games with a win each and two draws, then tied a tiebreak match of two blitz games, winning one each. The final tiebreak of the match was an Armageddon game, which Rapport won with the black pieces by resignation.


title: Richárd Rapport

text: At the Tata Steel Chess Tournament in January 2017 he played his first game against Magnus Carlsen and won with white in 33 moves.


title: Richárd Rapport

text: He also won the tournament that was covered by Grandmaster Simon Williams in his show called Checkmate, finishing ahead of top seed Arkadij Naiditsch and World Championship challenger Nigel Short.


title: Richárd Rapport

text: Rapport won against Sam Shankland in their match, which was part of the USA vs. The World tournament.


title: Richárd Rapport

text: Rapport won the 11th Danzhou Tournament. He was the only player to remain undefeated and finished half a point ahead of GM Ding Liren.


title: Richárd Rapport

text: That performance, together with reaching the semi-finals in the first leg, was enough to clinch a top-two spot in the Grand Prix and qualify for the 2022 Candidates Tournament, where he finished last with a score of 5.5/14.


title: Richárd Rapport

text: In May 2022, Rapport announced his intention to switch federations and represent Romania, as part of a sponsorship deal with Serbian-owned "Superbet Romania". It was officially announced that he would be switching federations in September 2022.


title: Richárd Rapport

text: He has lived in Belgrade, Serbia, since the age of 18, where his wife Jovana Vojinović, a Woman Grandmaster, is from. They married in 2016.


title: Richárd Rapport

text: Rapport often uses unusual openings even in official tournaments. One of the most common of these is the Nimzo–Larsen Attack, also known as Larsen's Opening. He plays aggressively, normally playing for a win with both white and black, and is considered one of the more exciting players to watch.


title: Kimagure Orange Road

text: Following a 1985 film pilot (Shonen Jump Special), Toho and Studio Pierrot created an anime television series that was broadcast on Nippon Television from 1987 to 1988. Two more films were released in 1988 and 1996, as well as an original video animation series that began in 1989. In the mid-1990s the series was novelized as well. The manga has been released in English digitally by Digital Manga Guild. The anime television series, second film, and original video animation series were all released in North America by AnimEigo, while the third film was licensed by ADV Films. The anime series is currently licensed by Discotek Media.


title: Kimagure Orange Road

text: "Kimagure Orange Road" was a highly influential series, with sales of over 20 million copies in Japan alone. It is credited alongside "Dragon Ball" for introducing an entire generation of Europeans to anime and manga. It was also an archetypal "shōnen" romantic comedy, a genre which it had a major influence on, and the character Madoka is considered to be a root of the "tsundere" archetype. The anime's Christmas episode also featured an early use of the time loop plot device.


title: Kimagure Orange Road

text: Kyōsuke Kasuga and his family had to move several times after being seen using their esper powers. Upon settling for the seventh time, Kyōsuke briefly meets a pretty girl who gives him her straw-hat and falls in love with her on sight. On the first day of school he learns this girl is his junior high classmate Madoka Ayukawa, who, contrary to his initial impression, is feared as a tough and no-nonsense delinquent. Their underclassman (and Madoka's best friend), Hikaru Hiyama, sees Kyōsuke use his powers to sink an impressive basketball shot and falls in love with him. Kyōsuke ends up dating Hikaru while constantly struggling with his feelings for Madoka due to his indecisiveness. Likewise, Madoka has feelings for Kyōsuke which she masks with her capricious nature for fear of hurting her friend Hikaru.


title: Kimagure Orange Road

text: "Kimagure Orange Road" was commissioned by "Weekly Shōnen Jump" after rejecting Matsumoto's work "Spring Wonder". Several short manga that were precursors to "Kimagure Orange Road" were created prior and later published in a collection called "Graffiti". Matsumoto later stated that "Kimagure Orange Road" was the first series to combine elements of science fiction and romantic comedy together.


title: Kimagure Orange Road

text: Matsumoto and his three or four assistants worked in a one-room apartment, with Matsumoto saying he sometimes had to work in the bathroom due to a lack of space. One of his assistants was Kazushi Hagiwara. Because an art shift is seen in "Kimagure Orange Road" once it resumed from a Matsumoto health-related hiatus, it is rumored that Hagiwara was responsible for the change in style.


title: Kimagure Orange Road

text: Protagonist Kyōsuke Kasuga seems to have been based on Matsumoto himself, the author saying "His nature was always my own." The series' setting was inspired by the Umegaoka, Gotokuji and Shimokitazawa neighborhoods in the Setagaya Ward of Tokyo. The café ABCB seen in the manga was inspired by a real one called Genso Katsudo Shashin Kan.


title: Kimagure Orange Road

text: "Kimagure Orange Road" was written and illustrated by Izumi Matsumoto and serialized in the "shōnen" manga anthology "Weekly Shōnen Jump" from issue No. 15 on March 26, 1984 to No. 42 on September 28, 1987. The 156 individual chapters were collected into 18 "tankōbon" volumes by Shueisha from September 10, 1985 through August 4, 1995. The series was republished in a 10 volume "aizōban" edition, and a 10 volume "bunkoban" edition. A special chapter, "Panic in the Bathhouse!", was created for Matsumoto's "Comic On" CD-ROM manga series and published in "Super Jump" issue No. 10 of 1996. A second special was published in "Weekly Playboy" issue No. 44 of 1999.


title: Kimagure Orange Road

text: In March 2013, Hivelinx released the manga first volume in English as an e-book for NTT Solmare's Facebook app "ComicFriends," and for Amazon Kindle and Apple iBooks. In March 2014, Digital Manga Guild acquired its rights and released "Kimagure Orange Road" through its eManga website. The series was expanded to 20 volumes for the English digital release. The manga was crowdfunded for a six volume omnibus print edition with a new translation, and reached its goal as of May 5, 2016. All six print omnibus volumes were made available for purchase exclusively on eManga's website and Amazon on May 13, 2019.


title: Kimagure Orange Road

text: "Kimagure Orange Road" was adapted into an anime series broadcast on Nippon Television, animated by Studio Pierrot and directed by veteran animator Osamu Kobayashi with character designs by Akemi Takada and scripts by Kenji Terada, with Narumi Kakinouchi adding design work to the anime, as well as the opening and ending credits for episodes 1–8.


title: Kimagure Orange Road

text: Animeigo licensed the 1st movie and OVA series for North America on VHS and Laserdisc in 1993/1994. A subtitled Laserdisc and VHS release of the TV series release was published in 1998.


title: Kimagure Orange Road

text: On February 1, 2002, a complete box set was released on DVD with updated and 'improved' translations from the earlier VHS and LD releases. However, the company's decision to remove the opening and ending songs from each episode on the DVD release was heavily


title: Kimagure Orange Road

text: criticized by fans, forcing AnimEigo to release a public apology and a promise that they would correct their mistake once their initial press of the 'flawed' DVDs were depleted. After a lengthy remastering process, the company made good on their promise and gave buyers the option of mailing in their original DVDs to receive a version that had the themes intact, free of charge. AnimEigo's translations were not legally available outside of North America, and their license for the TV series and OVAs expired 10 years after the initial licensing, in July and August 2006 respectively.


title: Kimagure Orange Road

text: On September 1, 2017, Netflix in Japan began streaming the entire 48 episodes of "Kimagure Orange Road" with a new high definition transfer and restoration.


title: Kimagure Orange Road

text: In August 2018, Discotek Media announced its licensee of the series and it will be released in two Blu-ray Disc sets, one covering the television series and one covering the OVAs and the first movie Features on the set include the original TV Series remastered in High Definition using the new transfer from Netflix Japan, creditless openings and endings, TV broadcast promos, translation notes, an art gallery, as well as the music video OVA "Their Love Repository." The TV series Blu-ray set was released on March 26, 2019.


title: Kimagure Orange Road

text: AD Vision released the second movie to dubbed and subtitled VHS in 1998 and on DVD on August 21, 2001. However, this movie went out of print in 2009 after ADV's shutdown, since its license was not transferred to Section23 Films. This movie remains the only piece of the animated series that has been dubbed into English.


title: Kimagure Orange Road

text: In the UK, only the OVA series and first movie were released on VHS by MVM Films, subsequently receiving low sales likely due to the absence of the television series.


title: Kimagure Orange Road

text: OVA: "White Lovers" (1), "Hawaiian Suspense" (2), "I was a cat, I was a fish" (3), "Hurricane Akane" (4), "Stage of Love = Heart on Fire (Spring is for idol)" (5), "Stage of Love = Heart on Fire (Birth of a star!)" (6), "Unexpected Situation" (7), "Message in Rouge" (8)


title: Kimagure Orange Road

text: "Kimagure Orange Road" was an instant success. The manga sold over 20million tankobon volumes in Japan. The "Kimagure Orange Road" anime series was broadcast in Japan and around the world, in countries such as Australia, France, Italy, Singapore, Spain and Turkey.


title: Kimagure Orange Road

text: Reviewing Digital Manga Guild's first English release for "Otaku USA", Che Gilson described "Kimagure Orange Road" as an enjoyable and classic manga. He wrote that "Even though it looks its age, the artwork is clean and easy to read, the characters are engaging and well drawn, and the simplicity has a charm all its own." However, he stated that the translation suffers from a lack of editorial oversight, with missing and misplaced words, sentences not fitting into their word bubbles, and awkward phrases.


title: Kimagure Orange Road

text: Also of "Otaku USA" but looking back on the anime, Erin Finnegan wrote that the psychic powers are not important in the series, serving simply as an excuse for "zany plotlines" and gags, with the "I Want to Return to That Day" movie dropping them completely. She noted that the TV series does not have a resolution at the end and that viewers wanting closure have to watch "I Want to Return to That Day", which she called "very touching, and very true to life." Anime News Network gave positive reviews for both the TV series and the "I Want to Return to That Day" movie. THEM Anime Reviews gave the TV series a rating of 5 out of 5.


title: Kimagure Orange Road

text: "Kimagure Orange Road" is considered an influential series. The anime has been credited alongside "Dragon Ball" for introducing entire generations of Europeans to anime and manga.


title: Kimagure Orange Road

text: According to manga critic Jason Thompson, "Kimagure Orange Road" is ""The" archetypal shonen rom-com" and had a major influence on the shonen romantic comedy genre. Although not the first to be made, it was the first to have significant popularity. He wrote that the series is about "first love and indecision, about the blurred lines between love and friendship, and it's all very close to reality, or better still a sweet, idealized, gentle reality." Thompson noted that the art is not great, but it gets better as the series continues. He also called Madoka the root of the tsundere archetype.


title: Kimagure Orange Road

text: "Manga UK" notes that the Christmas episode ("Kyosuke Timetrips! The Third Christmas") featured an early use of the time loop plot device, predating the films "Groundhog Day" (1993) and "Edge of Tomorrow" (2014) and the "Endless Eight" arc of the "Haruhi Suzumiya" light novels (2004) and anime series (2009). In turn, "Kimagure Orange Road"s use of the time loop concept was predated by the anime film "" (1984).


title: Oath of office

text: An oath of office is an oath or affirmation a person takes before assuming the duties of an office, usually a position in government or within a religious body, although such oaths are sometimes required of officers of other organizations. Such oaths are often required by the laws of the state, religious body, or other organization before the person may actually exercise the powers of the office or organization. It may be administered at an inauguration, coronation, enthronement, or other ceremony connected with the taking up of office itself, or it may be administered privately. In some cases it may be administered privately and then repeated during a public ceremony.


title: Oath of office

text: Some oaths of office are statements of allegiance and loyalty to a constitution or other legal text or to a person or office-holder (e.g., an oath to support the constitution of the state, or of loyalty to the king or queen) (see Oath of allegiance). Under the laws of a state, it may be considered treason or a high crime to betray a sworn oath of office.


title: Oath of office

text: The word "oath" and the phrase "I swear" refer to a solemn vow. For those who choose not to, the alternative terms "solemn promise" or "solemnly affirm" and "I promise" or "I affirm" are sometimes used.


title: Oath of office

text: The Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda, before entering into his duties, must make an oath of allegiance and oath of office in the form specified in the Constitution of Antigua and Barbuda; the same is required of the Prime Minister, other Ministers and Parliamentary Secretaries, but they also take the oath of secrecy.


title: Oath of office

text: Members of the Public Service Commission for Antigua and Barbuda take the oath of allegiance and oath of office, while members of both Houses of Parliament are only required to make the oath of allegiance prior to participating in their respective House (save for the oath-taking itself). Any of these oaths may be taken as an affirmation; when doing so "So help me God" is omitted.


title: Oath of office

text: I, ___________, do swear (or solemnly affirm) that I will faithfully bear true allegiance to His Majesty King Charles the Third, His Heirs and Successors, according to law.


title: Oath of office

text: I, ___________, do swear (or solemnly affirm) that I will honour, uphold and preserve the Constitution of Antigua and Barbuda and the law, that I will conscientiously, impartially and to the best of my ability discharge my duties as and do right to all manner of people without fear or favour, affection or ill-will.


title: Oath of office

text: I, ___________, do swear (or solemnly affirm) that I will not on any account, at any time whatsoever, disclose any counsel, advice, opinion or vote given by any Minister as a member of the Cabinet and that I will not, except with the authority of the Cabinet and to such extent as may be required for the proper conduct of the government of Antigua and Barbuda, directly or indirectly reveal the business or proceedings of the Cabinet or any matter coming to my knowledge as a member of (or Secretary to) the Cabinet.


title: Oath of office

text: All members of the Australian Parliament are required to take before taking their seat in Parliament an Oath or Affirmation of Allegiance before the Governor-General of Australia. The requirement to take the oath is set out in section 42 of the Australian Constitution and the wording of the oath and affirmation are set out in a schedule to the Constitution. The oath is:


title: Oath of office

text: Upon taking office, the Governor-General of Australia is required to take the above Oath of Allegiance as well as a second Oath of Office:


title: Oath of office

text: In addition to swearing, the Oath of Allegiance upon becoming a Member of Parliament, the Prime Minister, Ministers and Parliamentary Secretaries also recite an Oath of Office upon entering office. The wording of this oath is not prescribed within the Constitution and is ultimately determined by the Prime Minister of the day. Traditionally the oath has repeated the swearing of allegiance to the Sovereign, although this is not required. The current Oath of Office is:


title: Oath of office

text: The President, Prime Minister, Chief Justice, Speaker, Ministers take their oath of office. The oath is taken in Bengali.


title: Oath of office

text: "আমি, (নাম), ... সশ্রদ্ধচিত্তে শপথ (বা দৃঢ়ভাবে ঘোষণা) করিতেছি যে, আমি আইন-অনুযায়ী বাংলাদেশের রাষ্ট্রপতি-পদের কর্তব্য বিশ্বস্ততার সহিত পালন করিব; আমি বাংলাদেশের প্রতি অকৃত্রিম বিশ্বাস ও আনুগত্য পোষণ করিবঃ আমি সংবিধানের রক্ষণ, সমর্থন ও নিরাপত্তাবিধান করিব: এবং আমি ভীতি বা অনুগ্রহ, অনুরাগ বা বিরাগের বশবর্তী না হইয়া সকলের প্রতি আইন-অনুযায়ী যথাবিহীত আচরণ করিব।”


title: Oath of office

text: In English, "I, (name) do swear with honor (or solemnly affirm) that I, according to the laws, shall faithfully discharge the functions of the office of the President. I shall possess pure faith and obedience to Bangladesh. I shall preserve, support and secure the constitution and I shall deal with all with equity as suggested by laws, without being affected by fear or mercy, love or hatred."


title: Oath of office

text: " আমি, (নাম), ... * সশ্রদ্ধচিত্তে শপথ (বা দৃঢ়ভাবে ঘোষণা) করিতেছি যে, আমি আইন-অনুযায়ী সরকারের প্রধানমন্ত্রী (কিংবা ক্ষেত্রমত মন্ত্রী, প্রতি-মন্ত্রী, বা উপমন্ত্রী)-পদের কর্তব্য বিশ্বস্ততার সহিত পালন করিব: আমি বাংলাদেশের প্রতি অকৃত্রিম বিশ্বাস ও আনুগত্য পোষণ করিব; আমি সংবিধানের রক্ষণ, সমর্থন ও নিরাপত্তাবিধান করিব; এবং আমি ভীতি বা অনুগ্রহ, অনুরাগ বা বিরাগের বশবর্তী না হইয়া সকলের প্রতি আইন-অনুযায়ী যথাবিহীত আচরণ করিব।”


title: Oath of office

text: In English, "I, (name) do swear with honor (or solemnly affirm) that I, according to the laws, shall faithfully discharge the functions of the office of the Prime Minister (or Minister or State Minister or Sub-minister, as the circumstances allow). I shall possess pure faith and obedience to Bangladesh. I shall preserve, support and secure the constitution and I shall deal with all with equity as suggested by laws, without being affected by fear or mercy, love or hatred."


title: Oath of office

text: The Speaker of the Jatiya Sangsad, takes the oath of his or her office as well as the presidential oath, since the acts of president is practiced by the Speaker, whenever necessary:


title: Oath of office

text: "আমি, (নাম) ... সশ্রদ্ধচিত্তে শপথ (বা দৃঢ়ভাবে ঘোষণা) করিতেছি যে, আমি আইন-অনুযায়ী সংসদের স্পীকারের কর্তব্য (এবং কখনও আহুত হইলে রাষ্ট্রপতির কর্তব্য) বিশ্বস্ততার সহিত পালন করিব; আমি বাংলাদেশের প্রতি অকৃত্রিম বিশ্বাস ও আনুগত্য পোষণ করিবঃ আমি সংবিধানের রক্ষণ, সমর্থন ও নিরাপত্তাবিধান করিব; এবং আমি ভীতি বা অনুগ্রহ, অনুরাগ বা বিরাগের বশবর্তী না হইয়া সকলের প্রতি আইন-অনুযায়ী যথাবিহীত আচরণ করিব।”


title: Oath of office

text: In English: "I, (name) do swear with honor (or solemnly affirm) that I, according to the laws, shall faithfully discharge the functions of the office of the Speaker of the Jatiya Sangsad (and the office of the President, whenever called). I shall possess pure faith and obedience to Bangladesh. I shall preserve, support and secure the constitution and I shall deal with all with equity as suggested by laws, without being affected by fear or mercy, love or hatred." The deputy speaker takes a likely oath.


title: Oath of office

text: The Chief Justice, Justices of the Appellate Division and High Court Division of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh takes the following oath of office from the President:


title: Oath of office

text: "আমি (নাম), ..., প্রধান বিচারপতি (বা ক্ষেত্রমত সুপ্রীম কোর্টের আপীল/হাইকোর্ট বিভাগের বিচারক) নিযুক্ত হইয়া সশ্রদ্ধচিত্তে শপথ (বা দৃঢ়ভাবে ঘোষণা) করিতেছি যে, আমি আইন-অনুযায়ী ও বিশ্বস্থতার সহিত আমার পদের কর্তব্য পালন করিব; গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশের সংবিধান আমি বাংলাদেশের প্রতি অকৃত্রিম বিশ্বাস ও আনুগত্য পোষণ করিবঃ আমি বাংলাদেশের সংবিধান ও আইনের রক্ষণ, সমর্থন ও নিরাপত্তাবিধান করিব; এবং আমি ভীতি বা অনুগ্রহ, অনুরাগ বা বিরাগের বশবর্তী না হইয়া সকলের প্রতি আইন-অনুযায়ী যথাবিহিত আচরণ করিব।"


title: Oath of office

text: In English, "I, (name) do swear with honor (or solemnly affirm) that I, according to the laws, shall faithfully discharge the functions of the office of the Chief Justice (or Justice of the Apealate Division or High Court Division of the Supreme Court, as the circumstances allow). I shall possess pure faith and obedience to Bangladesh. I shall preserve, support and secure the constitution and the laws and I shall deal with all with equity as suggested by laws, without being affected by fear or mercy, love or hatred."


title: Oath of office

text: The Election Commissioners, members of the Public Service Commission and the Comtroller and Auditor General takes a likely oath of office from the Chief Justice.


title: Oath of office

text: The representatives of the people in the local government takes oath from the Prime Minister or the minister in charge of the Local Government Division.


title: Oath of office

text: The Constitution of Belarus requires the president-elect to recite the following oath before taking office:


title: Oath of office

text: In Belgium, the King is not crowned but swears the constitutional oath in front of both Chambers of the federal parliament in the Palace of the Nation in Brussels in the three official languages:


title: Oath of office

text: In English: I swear that I will observe the constitution and laws of the Belgian people, preserve the country's independence and protect its territorial integrity. (Article 91 of the Belgian Constitution)


title: Oath of office

text: The prime minister, the ministers and state secretaries of the Belgian federal government swear an oath in front of the Belgian King.


title: Oath of office

text: Also the minister-presidents of the Flemish government, of the Walloon government, of the government of the French community, of the government of the German-speaking community and of the Brussels-Capital region government swear the oath at the King. The other members of these governments do not take the oath at the King, but in front of their respective parliaments.


title: Oath of office

text: In English: I swear fidelity to the King, obedience to the constitution and to the law of the Belgian people.


title: Oath of office

text: The members of the Chambers of Representatives, the Senate, the Flemish Parliament, the Walloon Parliament, the Parliament of the French Community, the Parliament of the German-speaking Community and the Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region have to swear the following oath:


title: Oath of office

text: All public servants in judiciary and administration, officers of the civil guards and the army and servants in general of any public office have to swear the same oath as ministers.


title: Oath of office

text: Flemish mayors and the members of municipal executive and the city council in Flanders have following oath: "Ik zweer de verplichtingen van mijn mandaat trouw na te komen" (I swear to fulfill the duties of my office faithfully).


title: Oath of office

text: In Walloon the following version is used: "Je jure fidélité au Roi, obéissance à la Constitution et aux lois du peuple belge."


title: Oath of office

text: The affirmation required by the Constitution of Brazil to be taken by the president-elect upon entering into office is as follows:


title: Oath of office

text: The affirmations of office required of members of the National Congress of Brazil are specified in the rules of procedure of each house (the Chamber of Deputies and Senate)


title: Oath of office

text: The internal rules of the Supreme Federal Court set out the affirmation that must be taken by justices upon their investiture. Other judges make different affirmations, as provided for by law or in the internal rules of each Court.


title: Oath of office

text: The Constitution and laws of the several states and the organic laws of the municipalities also specify affirmations that must be made by the key officers of those entities.


title: Oath of office

text: In Brunei, it is known as Oath or Declaration of Allegiance which any person in the public services may require to take if His Majesty the King and the Head of Government (Yang Di-Pertuan Negara) wishes.


title: Oath of office

text: The members of the Bulgarian parliament, the prime minister, government ministers, the president and vice president have to swear the following oath before entering office:


title: Oath of office

text: In English, "I swear in the name of the Republic of Bulgaria to observe the Constitution and the laws of the country and in all my actions to be guided by the interests of the people. I have sworn." The oath is dictated by the chairman of the National assembly and the ceremony is held in the National assembly building. When the president or the prime minister (and cabinet ministers) swears the oath, the Constitution is also on display near the speaking tribune.


title: Oath of office

text: The Governor General of Canada is required to take the "Oath for the due execution of the Office of Our Governor General and Commander-in-Chief in and over Canada, and for the due impartial administration of justice", which includes swearing allegiance to the reigning Canadian monarch the viceroy is to represent. This oath must be administered by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada or a puisne justice and, though not demanded, this is usually done during a swearing-in ceremony in the Canadian Senate chamber.


title: Oath of office

text: All Ministers of the Crown, including the Prime Minister of Canada, must be sworn members of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada before taking office. The Clerk of the Privy Council administers the necessary oaths at Rideau Hall in the presence of the Governor General. The first oath taken is always the Oath of Allegiance:


title: Oath of office

text: Privy Councillors who are Ministers-designate, including the Prime Minister-designate, become Ministers by taking the Oath of Office, which is administered by the Clerk of the Privy Council at Rideau Hall:


title: Oath of office

text: Ministers who choose to take the oath as an affirmation use "declare" instead of "swear" and omit "so help me God". After leaving Cabinet, former Ministers typically remain Privy Councillors for life, and as such retain the privilege of styling themselves "The Honourable" (or "The Right Honourable," in the case of the Prime Minister), and may use the post-nominals "P.C."


title: Oath of office

text: On July 1, 2015, the 15th Meeting of the 12th Standing Committee of the National People's Congress passed the Decision of the National People's Congress Standing Committee Regarding the Implementation of a Constitutional Oath System, with an effective date of January 1, 2016. The Decision requires state civil servants elected or appointed by the National People's Congress, its Standing Committee, the State Council, the Central Military Commission, the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, and other central government organs, as well as equivalent local government organs at or above the county level, to publicly swear an oath to the constitution upon formally taking office.


title: Oath of office

text: During the colonial era, the Governors of Hong Kong were required by Hong Kong Royal Instructions and Hong Kong Letters Patent to take the Oath of Allegiance, the Official Oath and the Judicial Oath of the United Kingdom before assuming the office.


title: Oath of office

text: In Costa Rica, the oath of office is administered to the President-elect on Inauguration Day, and to all other public officials on the day of the undertaking of their duties. The oath of office for the President of Costa Rica is administered to him, or her, by the President of the Asamblea Legislativa de Costa Rica. It is established in the Political Constitution of the Republic of Costa Rica (Article 194):


title: Oath of office

text: Before assuming duty, the President-elect of the Republic takes oath of office before the judges of the Constitutional Court swearing loyalty to the Constitution:


title: Oath of office

text: Those who do not want to swear the religious oath may give an affirmation. In this case, the words "promise and swear before almighty and all-knowing God" are replaced by "promise and affirm by my honor and by my conscience".


title: Oath of office

text: Policemen and some other persons executing justice make a written affirmation of office instead of an oath. The text of the affirmation is


title: Oath of office

text: In Finnish practice, the oaths of office are given only once. If the person who has given an oath or affirmation moves to another duty where such oath is required, the oath is not given anew.


title: Oath of office

text: All Finnish cabinet ministers are required to give both the general oath or affirmation of office and the oath of judge, unless they have given these oaths and affirmations before. Like the general oath of office, the oath of judge is given only once.


title: Oath of office

text: All Finnish conscripts are required to give the military oath or affirmation. The oath or affirmation is given in the end of the basic training using the formula:


title: Oath of office

text: The oath of office of the Federal President, Federal Chancellor, and other federal ministers in Germany is as follows:


title: Oath of office

text: The religious affirmation may be omitted. The first chancellor to do this was Gerhard Schröder in 1998, the second was Olaf Scholz in 2021.


title: Oath of office

text: Each of the 16 Länder (states) has its own oath of office for the Minister Presidents and other ministers, also for the Länder employees.


title: Oath of office

text: In both of the above, conscripts say "vow" instead of "swear", and the religious affirmation is not added for conscripts since the vow is not an actual oath.


title: Oath of office

text: The oath for federal "Beamte":I swear to protect the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany and all valid laws within the Federal Republic and to fulfill my duties of the office faithfully, so help me God.The oath for federal judges according to § 38 DRiG is as follows: (State (Länder) judges may have to add a commitment to the state constitution (Landesverfassung) to their oath)I swear to exercise judicial office in conformity with the Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany and with the law, to adjudicate to the best of my knowledge and belief, without distinction of person, and to serve the cause of truth and justice alone – so help me God.


title: Oath of office

text: Article 59 of the Constitution of Greece states that members of parliament must take the following oath:


title: Oath of office

text: Article 33 of the Constitution of Greece states that the President of the Hellenic Republic must take the following oath:


title: Oath of office

text: Article 181 of the Guatemalan Constitution provides that the incoming president of Guatemala should raises his or her right arm up to shoulder-level before the President of the Congress of Guatemala and say the following oath of office in Spanish:


title: Oath of office

text: Afterwards, the outgoing President passes him the Guatemalan flag (the Banda Presidential), which is worn from the left shoulder to the right rib, to the new president along with the presidential pin and with the Constitutional Collar.


title: Oath of office

text: The oath of office for Chief Justice of India and the judges of Supreme Court of India is as follows:


title: Oath of office

text: Based on Article 9 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia about the Oath of Office and Promise of the President and Vice President:


title: Oath of office

text: Before assuming office, the President and the Vice-President shall take the oath of office according to their religions, or solemnly promise before the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) or the People's Representative Council (DPR) session as follows:


title: Oath of office

text: In case any sessions can not be held, like one in 1998 when the protesters took control of the parliament building, the oath can be performed before the MPR chairperson and vice chairpersons, as well as the Chief Justice and his/her deputies with presence of the chairperson of every chambers.


title: Oath of office

text: In the past, between the pronunciation of God according to each religions and "so help me God" expression, the oath was as follows (note that before the second and third sentence, they will be started with "I swear", regardless of the religions):


title: Oath of office

text: To refer the god for Hindus, the oath used to use sentence "In the name of Sang Hyang Widhi", and later "Om Swastiastu". There was also a time when Protestant and Catholic ministers said "I swear" instead of promise at the beginning of the oath, did not mention any reference to God. The verses "to seek the welfare" was removed since it reflected the dictatorial New Order era.


title: Oath of office

text: For enlisted personnel of the Armed Forces and new cadets to the military academies and the Army Officer Candidate School:


title: Oath of office

text: According to the Iranian Constitution, MPs belonging to religious minorities may swear by the holy books of their respective faiths.


title: Oath of office

text: The Constitution of Ireland specifies, for each of three offices, a "declaration" which the holder must "make and subscribe" before taking office.


title: Oath of office

text: The declarations' references to God were criticised in a 1993 report of the United Nations Human Rights Committee. The 1996 Constitution Review Group proposed that the President and members of the Council of State should be permitted to substitute a non-religious affirmation. In contrast, it recommended a uniform non-religious oath for all judges, on the basis that impartiality was more central to the judicial function and would be compromised by providing a choice of words.


title: Oath of office

text: The "solemn declaration" for members of the Garda Síochána was revised in 2005. Its reference to God may be omitted. Members pledge not to "belong to or subscribe to, any political party or secret society whatsoever". In the Defence Forces, the "Oath or Declaration" differs between permanent and reserve forces, and between commissioned officers and enlisted members. The wording makes no reference to God; it was changed in 1979 when women were first admitted.


title: Oath of office

text: Members of the Oireachtas and of the Government do not make any oath. From the foundation of the Irish Free State in 1922, both had to make an oath of allegiance to the Constitution and of fidelity to King George V. This controversial provision of the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty contributed to the Civil War of 1922–23. The Oath was abolished by Fianna Fáil in 1932–33. Since then, Oireachtas members are required by standing orders to sign the roll before first taking their seats. The Governor-General of the Irish Free State took the same Oath of Allegiance and Oath of Office as the Governor General of Canada. This did not take place in public.


title: Oath of office

text: The Prime Minister of Israel has to make the following "declaration of allegiance" upon taking office:


title: Oath of office

text: In Italy, before taking office, the President is required by Article 91 of the Constitution to take an oath of allegiance to the Republic and swear to uphold the Constitution before Parliament in joint session. The oath of office of the President is the following:


title: Oath of office

text: Also, Article 54 of the Constitution requires public officials to fulfil their functions with discipline and honour, taking an oath to that effect in those cases established by the law. The Prime Minister and members of the Council are sworn in by the President with the following oath of office:


title: Oath of office

text: A Lieutenant of the Grand Duke takes an oath to respect the Constitution, but no exact text is prescribed.


title: Oath of office

text: Deputies at the Chamber of Deputies (the Luxembourg parliament) take the following oath upon taking office:


title: Oath of office

text: Article 37 of the Federal Constitution requires the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King) and his deputy to take the Oath of Office before the Conference of Rulers.


title: Oath of office

text: Federal Constitution requires the various executive and legislative members to take the Oath of Office and Allegiance as follows:


title: Oath of office

text: The Members of Parliament and Senators take the Oath based on Article 59 (1) of the Federal Constitution as follows:


title: Oath of office

text: Article 124 of the Federal Constitution requires the Chief Justice, the President of the Appeal Court, Chief Judge of the High Court, higher court justice and judicial commissioners to take the Oath of Office and Allegiance as follows:


title: Oath of office

text: Article 87 of the Mexican Constitution provides that the incoming President of the Republic must take the following affirmation (called "protesta" by the Mexican legislation) before the Congress of the Union:


title: Oath of office

text: The incoming President takes this affirmation whilst standing and raising his right arm up to shoulder level. Afterwards, the outgoing President passes the Presidential Sash ("Banda Presidential") to the President of the Congress, who then gives it to the new President for him to wear it as a symbol of his office.


title: Oath of office

text: Article 79 of the Constitution of Moldova provides that the President, no more than 45 days after his election, and before the Parliament and Constitutional Court, gives the following oath:


title: Oath of office

text: The Fourth Schedule of the 2008 Constitution of Myanmar has outlined the text of the legislative oath that freshly elected or military-appointed Members of Parliament must read aloud before joining parliament:


title: Oath of office

text: As set out by the Swearing-in and Investiture Act, the oath of office for the monarch of the Netherlands, which in accordance with Article 32 of the Constitution is to be declared as soon as possible after the King or Queen takes office in a public united meeting of the States General in the capital of Amsterdam, is as follows:


title: Oath of office

text: After this declaration the chairman of the States General, in the name of the States General, the States of the Netherlands Antilles and the States of Aruba, pronounces the following solemn declaration:


title: Oath of office

text: The oath of office for ministers and state secretaries, which shall be administered by the King, and for members of Parliament is as follows:


title: Oath of office

text: The chief justice of New Zealand administers the oath of office at the swearing-in of new governors-general of New Zealand. The oath is as follows:


title: Oath of office

text: As soon as the King, being of age, accedes to the Government, he shall take the following oath before the Storting (article 9 of the Constitution of Norway):


title: Oath of office

text: If the Storting is not in session at the time, the oath shall be made in writing in the Council of State and be repeated solemnly by the King at the first subsequent Storting.


title: Oath of office

text: The oath of office of the President of the Philippines as written in the 1987 Constitution is as follows:


title: Oath of office

text: The oath from the Filipino language version of the constitution was used for the inauguration of Presidents Fidel V. Ramos, Joseph Estrada, Benigno Aquino III and Bongbong Marcos:


title: Oath of office

text: Prior to the 1987 Constitution the oath of office for the President of the Philippines is as follows:


title: Oath of office

text: During the second inauguration of President Ferdinand Marcos, a Filipino language version of the 1935 Constitution oath of office was used.


title: Oath of office

text: The oath of office requirement for all public officers and employees of the government including every member of the armed forces is as follows:


title: Oath of office

text: If done for personnel of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, instead of "legal orders/mga katususang legal", the phrase "lawful orders/mga utos na ayon sa batas" is used.


title: Oath of office

text: The Constitution of Portugal requires that the following oath be taken by the President-elect upon entering into office:


title: Oath of office

text: Article 82 of the Constitution of Romania provides that the President, before the Chamber of Deputies and Senate in joint session, gives the following oath:


title: Oath of office

text: Article 32 of the Law 215 (23 April 2001) provides that all local officials (Local Councilors, Mayors, County Councilors and County Council Presidents), before the assembled Councils and the Prefect of the county, give, in Romanian the following oath.


title: Oath of office

text: The oath of office of the President of Russia is prescribed in the Constitution of Russia, in Chapter 4 (The President of the Russian Federation), Article 82:


title: Oath of office

text: 1. When taking office the President of the Russian Federation shall take the following oath of loyalty to the people:


title: Oath of office

text: 2. The oath shall be taken in a solemn atmosphere in the presence of members of the Federation Council, deputies of the State Duma and judges of the Constitution Court of the Russian Federation.


title: Oath of office

text: During the Coronation of the Russian monarch, after his anointing, but prior to partaking of Holy Communion, the Tsar recited a coronation oath, in which he swore to preserve the autocracy intact and to rule his realm with justice and fairness.


title: Oath of office

text: The Prime Minister of Singapore swears 2 oaths: the Oaths of Office and Oath of Affirmation respectively:


title: Oath of office

text: For Ministers of the Cabinet of Singapore, they swear the Oaths of Allegiance and Execution of Office respectively:


title: Oath of office

text: of the Constitution of South Africa specifies the oaths or affirmations of office for the various high offices of state. These oaths are sworn before the Chief Justice or another judge designated by the Chief Justice.


title: Oath of office

text: Members of the National Assembly, the National Council of Provinces and the provincial legislatures swear the following oath:


title: Oath of office

text: Premiers, Acting Premiers and Members of the Executive Council of a province swear the following oath:


title: Oath of office

text: Article 61 of the Spanish Constitution requires the King to take the following oath as soon as practicable after ascending to the Throne and before performing any other official duty:


title: Oath of office

text: The heir to the Crown, upon becoming of age, and any Regents, upon taking office, are required by the Constitution to take the same oath, adding to it a vow of allegiance to the King.


title: Oath of office

text: In an inauguration ceremony a new Spanish Prime Minister takes an oath or affirmation of office over an open Constitution, which may be next to a cross and a Bible, and before the King of Spain and other dignitaries.


title: Oath of office

text: In Sweden, a judge, whether a legally trained judge or a lay judge () shall take the following oath before assuming the duties of their office:


title: Oath of office

text: In Switzerland, according to the Federal Act on the Federal Assembly, people elected at the Swiss Federal Assembly or elected by it (such as the Swiss Federal Council) have to take an oath in front of the assembly.


title: Oath of office

text: In the Republic of China (mostly Taiwan and surrounding islands), oath of office is required to be taken by the President-elect before assuming office. The Oath of office for the President of the Republic of China is specified in the Constitution of the Republic of China (Article 48):


title: Oath of office

text: All members of the Turkish Parliament, as well as cabinet ministers that are not members of parliament are required to take the following oath in a parliamentary session before taking office. The Turkish President takes a slightly modified version of this oath:


title: Oath of office

text: All members of the Turkish Armed Forces should take the following oath before starting their service:


title: Oath of office

text: In Ukraine, the Chairman of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine administers the oath of office. The President-elect recites the oath with his hand on the Constitution and the Peresopnytsia Gospels. The Ukrainian text of the oath according to the article 104 is:


title: Oath of office

text: Before assuming office, a People's Deputy of Ukraine must take the following oath before the parliament:


title: Oath of office

text: After being approved by the Parliament, members of the Cabinet of Ministers must take an oath to assume office.


title: Oath of office

text: Refusal to take an oath on the day of appointment is considered to be the refusal of his/her ministerial office.


title: Oath of office

text: In the United Kingdom, no formal oath is essential to be taken by the monarch in relation to accession. The monarch is, however, required to take an oath regarding the security of the Church of Scotland. At a coronation, the monarch usually takes an oath but as a coronation is inessential, Monarchs need not take a similar oath in order to discharge their duties, as with the case of Edward VIII, who was never crowned during his one-year reign. The exact wording of the coronation oath of various monarchs has altered throughout the years without statutory authority but remain based on the oath as prescribed by the Coronation Oath Act 1688.


title: Oath of office

text: The following oath was made by Charles III at his Accession Council on 10 September 2022, in accordance with the Protestant Religion and Presbyterian Church Act 1707:


title: Oath of office

text: A general Oath of Allegiance and Official Oath, are set out in the Promissory Oaths Act 1868 are required to be taken by various office-holders.


title: Oath of office

text: Members of the House of Commons or of the House of Lords are required to take the oath of allegiance in the House at the beginning of a new Parliament, as well as after a Demise of the Crown.


title: Oath of office

text: Section 84 of the Scotland Act 1998 requires members of the Scottish Parliament to take the Oath of Allegiance at a meeting of the Parliament. Members of the Scottish Executive and junior Scottish Ministers are additionally required to take the Official Oath.


title: Oath of office

text: Section 20 of the Government of Wales Act 1998 requires members of the National Assembly for Wales to take the oath of allegiance. A Welsh form of the Oath is prescribed by the National Assembly for Wales (Oath of Allegiance in Welsh) Order 1999.


title: Oath of office

text: Those choosing affirm simply replace "do swear by Almighty God" with "solemnly sincerely and truly declare and affirm"


title: Oath of office

text: In Northern Ireland all references to the Sovereign were removed by the Justice (Northern Ireland) Act 2002.


title: Oath of office

text: All persons enlisting in the British Armed Forces are required to attest to the following oath or equivalent affirmation:


title: Oath of office

text: Privy Counsellors take office on being "sworn of the Privy Council". It was formerly regarded as criminal to disclose the form of Privy Council oath, which includes an undertaking of secrecy as to the proceedings in Council (where the Oath is taken). On 20 July 1998 it was published by the President of the Council in answer to a written parliamentary question:


title: Oath of office

text: You do swear by Almighty God to be a true and faithful Servant unto the Queen's Majesty, as one of Her Majesty's Privy Council. You will not know or understand of any manner of thing to be attempted, done, or spoken against Her Majesty's Person, Honour, Crown, or Dignity Royal, but you will lett and withstand the same to the uttermost of your Power, and either cause it to be revealed to Her Majesty Herself, or to such of Her Privy Council as shall advertise Her Majesty of the same. You will, in all things to be moved, treated, and debated in Council, faithfully and truly declare your Mind and Opinion, according to your Heart and Conscience; and will keep secret all Matters committed and revealed unto you, or that shall be treated of secretly in Council. And if any of the said Treaties or Counsels shall touch any of the Counsellors, you will not reveal it unto him, but will keep the same until such time as, by the Consent of Her Majesty, or of the Council, Publication shall be made thereof. You will to your uttermost bear Faith and Allegiance unto the Queen's Majesty; and will assist and defend all Jurisdictions, Pre-eminences, and Authorities, granted to Her Majesty, and annexed to the Crown by Acts of Parliament, or otherwise, against all Foreign Princes, Persons, Prelates, States, or Potentates. And generally in all things you will do as a faithful and true Servant ought to do to Her Majesty. So help you God.


title: Oath of office

text: A person appointed to the office of constable of a police force in Scotland is required to make the following declaration:


title: Oath of office

text: I hereby do solemnly and sincerely and truly declare and affirm that I will faithfully discharge the duties of the office of constable.


title: Oath of office

text: While the oath-taking dates back to the First Congress in 1789, the current oath is a product of the 1860s, drafted by Civil War–era members of Congress intent on ensnaring traitors.


title: Oath of office

text: In 1789, the 1st United States Congress created an oath to fulfill the requirement of Article VI of the United States Constitution:


title: Oath of office

text: The outbreak of the Civil War quickly transformed the routine act of oath-taking into one of enormous significance. In April 1861, a time of uncertain and shifting loyalties, President Abraham Lincoln ordered all federal civilian employees within the executive branch to take an expanded oath. When Congress convened for a brief emergency session in July, members echoed the president's action by enacting legislation requiring employees to take the expanded oath in support of the Union. This oath is the earliest direct predecessor of the modern version of the oath.


title: Oath of office

text: When Congress returned for its regular session in December 1861, members who believed that the Union had as much to fear from northern traitors as southern soldiers again revised the oath, adding a new first section known as the "Ironclad Test Oath". The war-inspired Test Oath, signed into law on July 2, 1862, required "every person elected or appointed to any office ... under the Government of the United States ... excepting the President of the United States" to swear or affirm that they had never previously engaged in criminal or disloyal conduct. Those government employees who failed to take the 1862 Test Oath would not receive a salary; those who swore falsely would be prosecuted for perjury and forever denied federal employment.


title: Oath of office

text: The Iron Clad oath signed into law under President Johnson's term as mandatory for members of Congress as well as federal employees.


title: Oath of office

text: I, A.B., do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I have never voluntarily borne arms against the United States since I have been a citizen thereof; that I have voluntarily given no aid, countenance, counsel or encouragement to person engaged in armed hostility thereto; that I have neither sought nor accepted nor attempted to exercise the functions of any office whatever, under any authority or pretended authority in hostility to the United States; that I have not yielded a voluntary support to any pretended government, authority, power, or constitution within the United States, hostile or inimical thereto. And I do further swear (or affirm) that, to the best of my knowledge and ability, I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States, against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; and I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion, and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter, so help me God.


title: Oath of office

text: The 1862 oath's second section incorporated a different rendering of the hastily drafted 1861 oath. Although Congress did not extend coverage of the Ironclad Test Oath to its own members, many took it voluntarily. Angered by those who refused this symbolic act during a wartime crisis, and determined to prevent the eventual return of prewar southern leaders to positions of power in the national government, congressional hard-liners eventually succeeded by 1864 in making the Test Oath mandatory for all members.


title: Oath of office

text: The Senate then revised its rules to require that members not only take the Test Oath orally, but also that they "subscribe" to it by signing a printed copy. This condition reflected a wartime practice in which military and civilian authorities required anyone wishing to do business with the federal government to sign a copy of the Test Oath. The current practice of newly sworn senators signing individual pages in an oath book dates from this period.


title: Oath of office

text: As tensions cooled during the decade following the Civil War, Congress enacted private legislation permitting particular former Confederates to take only the second section of the 1862 oath. An 1868 public law prescribed this alternative oath for "any person who has participated in the late rebellion, and from whom all legal disabilities arising therefrom have been removed by act of Congress." Northerners immediately pointed to the new law's unfair double standard that required loyal Unionists to take the Test Oath's harsh first section while permitting ex-Confederates to ignore it. In 1884, a new generation of lawmakers quietly repealed the first section of the Test Oath, leaving intact the current affirmation of constitutional allegiance.


title: Oath of office

text: The oath may be sworn or affirmed (in which case it is called an "affirmation" instead of "oath"). Although not present in the text of the Constitution, it is customary for modern presidents to say "So help me God" after the end of the oath. For officers other than the President, the expression "So help me God" is explicitly prescribed, but the Judiciary Act of 1789 also explains when it can be omitted (specifically for oaths taken by court clerks): "Which words, so help me God, shall be omitted in all cases where an affirmation is admitted instead of an oath."


title: Oath of office

text: At the start of each new U.S. Congress, in January of every odd-numbered year, newly elected or re-elected Members of Congress – the entire House of Representatives and one-third of the Senate – must recite an oath:


title: Oath of office

text: This oath is also taken by the Vice President, members of the Cabinet, federal judges and all other civil and military officers and federal employees other than the President.


title: Oath of office

text: Federal statute specifically says that the latter oath "does not affect other oaths required by law."


title: Oath of office

text: The military oath is the same as the one taken by members of the Congress, judicial officers, and all other officers except for the President. Members of the United States National Guard, however, take an additional oath as well.


title: Oath of office

text: The oaths of state and local officials are largely patterned on the federal oath of constitutional allegiance. An example would be the oath taken by all New York government officials:


title: Oath of office

text: In Uruguay, before taking office, the President and Vice President are required by Article 158 of the Constitution to take an affirmation before General Assembly in joint session:


title: Oath of office

text: In Spanish:In English:The National Representatives and Senators take the Oath based on the regulations of the respective Chamber:


title: Oath of office

text: The President of Venezuela, upon assumption of the office on his inauguration, is asked by the President of the National Assembly (until 1999, the Senate President, on behalf of the entire National Federal Congress), holding a copy of the Constitution of Venezuela, the following:


title: Oath of office

text: With the right hand on the shoulder level he answers with a "Yes, I swear" and the President then responds: "If you do so, before God and the Fatherland your duties will be performed, and it will be demanded of you if you not. Therefore, in the name of the Republic and by the authority of the law, I invest you as Constitutional President of the Republic as of this moment for this term period." Then the Presidential Sash (with the colors and coat of arms from the Flag of Venezuela and the collar of the Order of the Liberatiors is turned over to him from the outgoing President, but if the case is that of succession due to death of office of his predecessor both items are cased and are given to him by the National Assembly President instead. If reelected the method is the same as after the sudden death of the President while in office.


title: Oath of office

text: According to 2013 Constitution, the President of Vietnam, Prime Minister of Vietnam, President of the National Assembly of Vietnam and Chief Justice of Vietnam must take the oath every first plenary session of the National Assembly.


title: Oath of office

text: The following is the oath taken by the President, Prime Minister, President of the National Assembly and Chief Justice:


title: Oath of office

text: ""In front of the sacred red flag with yellow star of the Fatherland, the National Assembly, and the electors of the whole country, I - as (President, Prime Minister, President of the National Assembly or Chief Justice of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam) - pledge thus to be forever absolutely remain loyal to the Fatherland, the people and the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. I vow to practice and strive to fulfill the tasks assigned by the Party, State and People to me and my office.""


title: Oath of office

text: After the Oath was taken, the President of the National Assembly (Standing Vice President of the National Assembly if the oath taker is the President of the National Assembly) will say: "The National Assembly has confirmed this oath."


title: Oath of office

text: The Roman Catholic Church requires all of its clergy before ordination and most of those promoted to positions of authority to make a profession of faith, as follows. It is very similar to the Apostles' Creed and the Nicene Creed (referred to as the Symbol of Faith).


title: Oath of office

text: Further, all of those promoted to positions of authority (vicars general, judicial vicars, episcopal vicars, pastors of parishes and superiors within religious orders) or with teaching responsibilities (rectors of seminaries, professors at seminaries, heads or Catholic universities or professors on the faculties of Catholic colleges and universities who teach subjects involving religion), and all those ordained deacons (and therefore all those who will also later be ordained priests) to take the following "Oath of Fidelity"


title: Chapter 6: The Prisoner

text: "Chapter 6: The Prisoner" is the sixth episode of the first season of the American streaming television series "The Mandalorian". It was written by Rick Famuyiwa and Christopher Yost, directed by Famuyiwa, and released on Disney+ on December 13, 2019. The episode stars Pedro Pascal as The Mandalorian, a lone bounty hunter on the run who gets recruited by some of his former colleagues. The episode received one Primetime Emmy Awards nomination.


title: Chapter 6: The Prisoner

text: The Mandalorian contacts his old friend Ran. Ran has hired a crew consisting of ex-Imperial sharpshooter Migs Mayfeld, the Devaronian strongman Burg, the droid pilot Zero, and the knife-wielding Twi'lek woman Xi'an to rescue her brother Qin, a prisoner of the New Republic. Upon arrival on the prison ship, they fight through security droids and make it to the control room where an inadvertent escalation causes a New Republic soldier to trigger a beacon alerting the New Republic. The crew rescues Qin, but double-crosses the Mandalorian.


title: Chapter 6: The Prisoner

text: The Mandalorian escapes, isolates and defeats each crew member, then captures Qin, whom he delivers to Ran in exchange for the money. Ran attempts to send a gunship after the Mandalorian to kill him, but the New Republic beacon had been placed on Qin, leading a trio of X-wing fighters to Ran's station. The X-wings open fire on the hangar. Lastly, Mayfeld, Burg, and Xi'an are shown in a cell on the prison transport, nursing their wounds, having been spared.


title: Chapter 6: The Prisoner

text: The episode was directed by Rick Famuyiwa and scripted by Famuyiwa and Christopher Yost from a story by Yost.


title: Chapter 6: The Prisoner

text: Footage shown at "Star Wars" Celebration in April 2019 revealed that Mark Boone Junior and Bill Burr were in the series, playing Ran Malk and Mayfeld, respectively. Bill Burr is not a fan of "Star Wars", but he ran into Jon Favreau at a birthday party, and was offered a role in "The Mandalorian". Other co-starring actors cast for this episode include Natalia Tena as Xi'an, Clancy Brown as Burg, Richard Ayoade as the voice of Q9-0 "Zero", and Ismael Cruz Córdova as Qin. Carl Weathers also co-stars as Greef Karga.


title: Chapter 6: The Prisoner

text: Additional guest starring actors cast for this episode include Matt Lanter as Davan and directors Dave Filoni, Rick Famuyiwa, and Deborah Chow as X-wing pilots Trapper Wolf, Jib Dodger and Sash Ketter. Lanter had previously voiced Anakin Skywalker in "" and "Star Wars Rebels". Brendan Wayne and Lateef Crowder are credited as stunt doubles for The Mandalorian. Barry Lowin is credited as additional double for The Mandalorian, while Chris Bartlett is credited as performance artist for Q9-0. Chad Bennett, Katherine O'Donovan and Justin Anthony Williams are credited as stunt doubles for Migs Mayfeld, Xi'an and Burg, respectively. "The Child" was performed by various puppeteers.


title: Chapter 6: The Prisoner

text: Ludwig Göransson composed the musical score for the episode. The soundtrack album for the episode was released on December 13, 2019.


title: Chapter 6: The Prisoner

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the episode holds an approval rating of 84% with an average rating of 7.6/10, based on 31 reviews. The website's critics consensus reads, ""The Prisoner" opts for more world-of-the-week action, providing many fun moments but little forward momentum."


title: Chapter 6: The Prisoner

text: In a positive review, Alan Sepinwall, of the "Rolling Stone", felt that "like most of the series to this point, 'The Prisoner' isn't so much deep as it is fun. And that continues to work well enough."


title: Chapter 6: The Prisoner

text: Keith Phipps of "New York Magazine" gave the episode 4 out 5 and wrote: "Anyone who's felt like The Mandalorian hasn't featured enough dirtbags so far should have no complaints after this episode." Phipps compared the episode to the film "Vera Cruz" (1954). Joe Skrebels at "IGN" gave it 7.6 out of 10 and wrote: "It's simple, effective, and offers us a wildly different set-up to other, more introspective episodes of the show because, of course, every heist needs a crew." Katie Rife of "The A.V. Club" enjoyed the episode but was frustrated by the lack of answers, saying "Personally, I don't mind the "X-Files"-esque way "The Mandalorian"'s first season has toggled between standalone episodes and a larger story arc so much, as long as the side adventures are exciting and full of cool aliens and planets."


title: Chapter 6: The Prisoner

text: In a negative review, Tyler Hersko, of "IndieWire", stated that "the last three episodes of "The Mandalorian" have been entirely interchangeable, and there's been zero plot developments to speak of since the titular protagonist escaped the Bounty Hunter's Guild with Baby Yoda in tow in Episode 3."


title: Chapter 6: The Prisoner

text: The episode was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Prosthetic Makeup for a Series, Limited Series, Movie or Special. It lost to the "" episode "Stardust City Rag".


title: South Philadelphia

text: South Philadelphia, nicknamed South Philly, is the section of Philadelphia bounded by South Street to the north, the Delaware River to the east and south and the Schuylkill River to the west. A diverse working-class community of many neighborhoods, South Philadelphia is well-known for its large Italian-American population, but it also contains large Asian American, Irish-American, African-American, and Latino populations.


title: South Philadelphia

text: South Philadelphia began as a satellite town of Philadelphia, with small townships such as Moyamensing and Southwark.


title: South Philadelphia

text: Towards the end of the First Industrial Revolution, the area saw rapid growth in population and urban development. This expansion was in part due to an influx of working class laborers and immigrants looking for factory jobs and dock work, as well as the first wave of mass immigration of Irish refugees or impoverished immigrants from Ireland in the wake of the Great Irish Hunger. South Philadelphia's urbanized border eventually expanded to reach that of Philadelphia proper, or what is today known as Center City Philadelphia. Along with all other jurisdictions in Philadelphia County, South Philadelphia became part of the City of Philadelphia proper with passage by the Pennsylvania legislature of the city–county Act of Consolidation, 1854.


title: South Philadelphia

text: The area continued to grow, becoming a vital part of Philadelphia's large industrial base and attracting immigrants from Italy, Ireland, Poland and many Southern European and Eastern European countries during the late 19th and early to mid 20th centuries, as well as Black American migrants from the southern United States during the Great Migration of the early 20th century. The immigrants and migrants became the basis of South Philadelphia's unique and vibrant culture that developed over the next several decades. Struggling to maintain their Catholic identity in a mostly Protestant city, the Irish built a system of Irish Catholic churches and parochial schools for their children, including Catholic high schools. The later immigrant populations of Italians and Poles were also Catholic. Initially, these populations attended existing Catholic churches but built their own ethno-national churches when possible. However, the more established Irish-American ethnic community controlled the Catholic clergy and hierarchy for decades in Philadelphia and throughout the region, often excluding the more recent Italian (and, to a lesser extent, Polish) populations from participating in the church hierarchy.


title: South Philadelphia

text: In addition to the influx of Catholic immigrants to the majority Protestant city of Philadelphia, many Polish Jews and other Jews from Central and Eastern Europe settled in South Philadelphia during the first half of the 20th century, especially in the diverse area now known as Queen Village where Jewish immigrants lived among Catholic Polish immigrants, Irish-Americans, and Italian immigrants. A smaller but significant Greek immigrant community also flourished around this time, leading to the establishment of Greek Orthodox parishes in South Philadelphia. Despite this dramatic growth in population, the low funding of education by the city resulted in the first public high school not being formed in South Philadelphia until 1934.


title: South Philadelphia

text: Attracted to the industrial jobs, the new residents of South Philadelphia created communities that continued many of their Old World traditions. While many of the new arrivals were Catholic, neighborhood parishes reflected their ethnic and national traditions. Monsignor James F. Connelly, the pastor of the Stella Maris Catholic Church and an editor of the 1976 work "The History of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia", said in a 2005 "Philadelphia Inquirer" article that each parish church "offer[s] the immigrants the faith they were familiar with." With the dramatic loss of industrial jobs during mid-20th century restructuring, there were population losses in South Philadelphia as well as other working-class parts of the city, and some neighborhood Catholic schools had to close.


title: South Philadelphia

text: Today, many of South Philadelphia's communities are largely Italian Americans. Many of these communities contain both older and more recent Italian immigrants and Italian speakers, and Italian saint festivals and cultural celebrations, including the South 9th Street Italian Market festival, are popular in the South Philadelphia Italian-American communities. In addition, South Philadelphia continues to be home to many ethnic Irish American communities and African American communities. Both Irish American and African American communities can be found in the neighborhoods of Grays Ferry and Southwest Center City, while the nearby neighborhood of Point Breeze is largely African American and is often considered the center of the South Philadelphia's African American communities. The neighborhood of Pennsport remains primarily a working class Irish-American neighborhood and the cultural center of Irish-American South Philadelphia. An increase in late 20th-century and early 21st-century immigration has given South Philadelphia significant populations from Asia, particularly Southeast Asia, including populations from Vietnam, Cambodia, Indonesia and Thailand. In addition, there has been an increase in recent years of immigrants from Russia, Mexico and Central American nations such as Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador. Today, many vendors that work alongside the Italian-Americans at the Italian Market are of Asian descent and Mexican or Central American descent, and Vietnamese, Thai, Mexican, and Central American restaurants are interspersed with historic Italian restaurants in the Market area. The recent revitalization of Center City Philadelphia and the subsequent gentrification of adjacent neighborhoods has also led to dramatic rises in prices of housing in the neighborhoods of historic Queen Village, Bella Vista, and some other northern parts of South Philadelphia, leading to an influx of young urban professionals in those more northern neighborhoods.


title: South Philadelphia

text: Many of the community clubs that create the annual Mummers Parade every New Year's Day have traditionally been from South Philadelphia, especially those located on the largely Irish Americans S. 2nd Street ("Two Street") in the Pennsport neighborhood.


title: South Philadelphia

text: Portions of South Philadelphia are within Philadelphia City Council Districts 1 and 2. As of 2014 Councilman Mark Squilla and Councilman Kenyatta Johnson represent the two districts.


title: South Philadelphia

text: The Philadelphia Fire Department operates nine fire stations serving South Philadelphia. Most of South Philadelphia resides in Fire Battalion 1, headquartered at 711 South Broad Street. Portions of South Philadelphia reside in Battalion 4, headquartered at North 4th Street and Arch Street, and Battalion 11, headquartered at 43rd Street and Market Street.


title: South Philadelphia

text: The Philadelphia Police Department patrols three districts located within South Philadelphia. The three patrol districts serving South Philadelphia are the 1st, 3rd and 17th districts.


title: South Philadelphia

text: According to the United States Census Bureau, South Philadelphia has an area of 9.7 sq. miles, of which none is water.


title: South Philadelphia

text: The South Philadelphia Planning Analysis Section is bounded by South Street on the north and the Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers to their confluence.


title: South Philadelphia

text: In 2010, the area's population was 168,782. Though mostly known for its large Italian population, South Philadelphia contains a diverse population of Italians, Irish, African Americans and Mexicans, as well as growing populations of Vietnamese, Chinese, Cambodian, Indonesian, Thai and Central Americans. In addition, the area contains smaller but historically significant Greek and Jewish communities.


title: South Philadelphia

text: On January 22, 2010 the "Associated Press" said "South Philadelphia has been growing more diverse for decades, but the last 20 years have seen the greatest influx of Asian and Hispanic families." David Elesh, a Temple University urban sociologist, said that of the almost 60,000 Philadelphia residents who reported being born in China, many lived in South Philadelphia.


title: South Philadelphia

text: As of the 2010 Census, there are 168,782 people in 78,440 housing units. The population density is 16,771 people per square mile. 46.6% of the population is male, and 53.4% is female. The South Philadelphia area comprises the zip codes of 19145, 19146, 19147 and 19148.


title: South Philadelphia

text: The largest and oldest Italian immigrant settlements in Philadelphia are in South Philadelphia. Though rare and small in size, some early Italian immigrant settlements appeared in South Philadelphia prior to the 1890s; however, these small settlements generally consisted of a few skilled workers, merchants, and artists from Genoa and other wealthier areas of Northern Italy. In contrast, the vast majority of Italian immigrants that settled in Philadelphia came from regions of Southern Italy beginning in the 1890s, with most Italian immigration to Philadelphia occurring in the first half of the 20th century. Though Italians in Philadelphia emigrated from various Southern Italian regions, most Italians in Philadelphia emigrated from or have origins in three main areas: the previously combined regions of Abruzzo and Molise; the city of Messina in Sicily and the surrounding province; and Salerno and Avellino in Campania. To this day, dialects from those regions mixed with English are spoken in many South Philadelphia households and neighborhoods.


title: South Philadelphia

text: Italians in South Philadelphia experienced widespread discrimination from the larger majority populations of Philadelphia. For example, Italian neighborhoods in South Philadelphia were heavily redlined for decades specifically due to their Italian-American demographics. However, Italian-Americans in South Philadelphia have contributed greatly to the culture of Philadelphia, establishing the Italian Market, creating both the cheesesteak and the hoagie, and introducing roast pork sandwiches, water ice, tomato pie and pizza to the cuisine of Philadelphia. Recently, some Italian-American South Philadelphians have moved to Southern New Jersey. However, the Italian-American population in Philadelphia remains the second largest in the country. South Philadelphia is 20% Italian according to the ACS 2013.