title: Antioch, California

text: According to the city's 2021 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:


title: Antioch, California

text: Antioch has four Historic Places or Buildings on the National Register of Historic Places: the Black Diamond Mines, Roswell Butler Hard House, Riverview Union High School Building and the Shannon-Williamson Ranch.


title: Antioch, California

text: The historic El Campanil Theatre opened on November 1, 1928, in downtown Antioch. It now presents a wide variety of entertainment opportunities, including classic films, live theatre, concerts, symphony, ballet, comedy and is host to numerous local dance and community-based organizations, such as the Antioch Rivertown Theatre Group.


title: Antioch, California

text: The Arts & Cultural Foundation of Antioch organizes education in graphic arts, sculpture, pottery, and performance arts for various age groups. It also hosts the Saturday Summer Concert Series, Delta Blues Festival, and Holiday De Lights, along with other community events.


title: Antioch, California

text: Run by the Antioch Historical Society, the Antioch Historical Society Museum is in the Riverview Union High School Building. This high school was the first high school constructed in Contra Costa County.


title: Antioch, California

text: The Lynn House Gallery houses exhibits throughout the year, with an emphasis on providing opportunities for local artists.


title: Antioch, California

text: Rivertown Art Center is housed in a historic bank building built in 1923. It is administered by the Arts & Cultural Foundation of Antioch and was created to allow local artists additional opportunities to exhibit their art and to conduct art classes.


title: Antioch, California

text: The Contra Costa County Fairgrounds are located in Antioch. The fairgrounds hosted the first two editions of the Genesis "Super Smash Bros." tournament.


title: Antioch, California

text: Antioch is home to 31 parks covering a total of 310 acres (130 ha) with an additional 600 acres (240 ha) of city-owned open space. It also has of walking paths connecting communities to parks and schools.


title: Antioch, California

text: Within its boundaries it has Contra Loma Regional Park, the Antioch/Oakley Regional Shoreline and Black Diamond Mines Regional Park, and the Mokelumne Coast to Crest Trail and Delta de Anza Regional Trail . According to the East Bay Regional Parks District, these three parks take up , approximately 38% of Antioch's total land area. Just outside Antioch city limits is the Round Valley Regional Preserve.


title: Antioch, California

text: Established in 1980, Antioch Dunes National Wildlife Refuge was the first national wildlife refuge in the country established for the purpose of protecting endangered plants and insects, specifically the "Apodemia mormo langei" known by the common name Lange's metalmark butterfly, Antioch Dunes evening primrose, and Contra Costa wallflower. It is located on the south shore of the San Joaquin River in Antioch. The refuge and a few acres of surrounding lands contain most of the remaining habitat for these three species and are all that remain of a of sand dunes formed during glaciation periods.


title: Antioch, California

text: The city has a municipal marina, along with other private marinas, boatyards, and yacht clubs. There is a public fishing pier in town, and another out near the Antioch Bridge.


title: Antioch, California

text: There is fishing in the San Joaquin River along the Antioch/Oakley Regional Shoreline, located just upstream from Highway 160's Antioch Bridge (also known as Nejedly Bridge).


title: Antioch, California

text: In late 2008, western burrowing owls ("Athene cunicularia") moved into a housing development slated for construction. In November 2009 the California Department of Fish & Game gave the developer permission to evict the owls before nesting season begins in February 2010. The birds regularly reuse burrows for years, and there is no requirement that suitable new habitat be found for the owls. Despite being listed as a Species of Special Concern (a pre-listing category under the Endangered Species Act) by the California Department of Fish and Game in 1979, California's population declined 60 percent from the 1980s to the early 1990s, and continues to decline at roughly 8 percent per year. In 1994, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service nominated the western burrowing owl as a federal Category 2 candidate for listing as endangered or threatened, but loss of habitat continues due to development of the flat, grassy lands used by the owl. According to The Institute for Bird Populations, there has been a 50 percent decline in burrowing owl populations in the Bay Area in the last 10 to 15 years. Their status protects them from disturbance during nesting season or killing at any time, but does not guarantee them a permanent home, as outside of breeding season, owls can be removed. In November 2009, a local resident tallied 11 owls in the area, including four pairs. Antioch is the first East Bay city to designate habitat protected by deed for burrowing owls, since residents pushed for protections for those displaced by the community center at Prewett Park. Despite organized protests at Kiper Homes' Blue Ridge property by "Friends of East Bay Owls", one-way doors were installed in the birds' burrows so that the owl families could not return to their nests. A 1992–1993 survey reported no breeding burrowing owls in Napa, Marin, and San Francisco counties, and only a few in San Mateo and Sonoma. The Santa Clara County population is declining and restricted to a few breeding locations, leaving only Alameda, Contra Costa, and Solano counties as the remnant breeding range. To assist the displaced Antioch owls in finding new homes a group of local residents and the environmental group Friends of Marsh Creek Watershed constructed six artificial burrows at a designated burrowing owl habitat preserve in the hills north of Prewett Water Park.


title: Antioch, California

text: Antioch maintains a council–manager form of government with a Mayor elected at-large, who serves as chair of the council and is elected in years divisible by four, and four Councilmembers elected in district elections. Districts 1 and 4 elect their Councilmembers in years divisible by four, while districts 2 and 3 elect their Councilmembers in even-numbered years not divisible by four. Antioch historically elected its Councilmembers in at-large elections, but in response to threats of a lawsuit alleging violations of state law and underrepresentation of people of color, the Antioch City Council voted to switch to district elections in 2018, holding the first such elections in 2020.


title: Antioch, California

text: According to the California Secretary of State, as of February 10, 2019, Antioch has 54,528 registered voters. Of those, 28,773 (52.8%) are registered Democrats, 8,096 (14.8%) are registered Republicans, and 15,012 (27.5%) have declined to state a political party.


title: Antioch, California

text: Public schools are run by the Antioch Unified School District, which consists of three high schools, four middle schools, and numerous elementary schools that follow a single-track schedule, with school starting in late August or early September and concluding in June.


title: Antioch, California

text: Antioch is also home to Western Career College, located on Lone Tree Way. Also Antioch has one school for CPR and First Aid Training, Event First Aid & Safety Services located at 201 G Street, 2nd and G streets.


title: Antioch, California

text: The Antioch branch of the Contra Costa County Library is located in Antioch, across the street from Antioch Middle School and Antioch High School.


title: Antioch, California

text: The Prewett Library also serves Antioch and is located inside the Antioch Community Center, across the street from Deer Valley High School.


title: Antioch, California

text: Antioch is served by the Antioch Press, published by Brentwood Press & Publishing Corporation. Antioch Press is a weekly newspaper that is published every Friday. The current circulation is just over 4,000.


title: Antioch, California

text: Antioch's primary surface transportation link is via the freeway State Route 4, both westward a half-hour's drive to Interstate 80 and the road network of the Bay Area, or alternatively eastward to connect with Interstate 5 at the Central Valley city of Stockton, California. State Route 160 leads north from Highway 4, crossing the San Joaquin River via the Antioch Bridge and through the Delta to Sacramento.


title: Antioch, California

text: Antioch is served by both the Antioch-Pittsburg Amtrak station, and access to Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) is available at the Antioch eBART Station. Although public transportation agency Tri-Delta Transit is the predominant provider of public transportation in the Antioch area, County Connection bus #93X also serves Antioch going to John Muir Medical Center, Mitchell Park n' Ride, Railroad Castlewood, Delta Fair Sommersville and Hillcrest Park 'n Ride. This is in addition to the city's 50-cent-per-ride senior shuttle. However, due to budget cuts in 2011 a proposal was made to eliminate the $275,000 subsidy for this program.


title: Antioch, California

text: Antioch's closest airport with commercial service is Buchanan Field Airport, though its sole airline is JSX and only flies to Burbank and Orange County. Through BART, Antioch is directly connected to San Francisco International Airport, though through the use of BART transfers, Antioch is also connected to Oakland Airport and through VTA, San Jose Airport.


title: Antioch, California

text: Antioch is also equidistant from Oakland Airport to Stockton Metropolitan Airport, though no transit services connects Stockton and Antioch.


title: Antioch, California

text: The Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta has been a large source of fresh water for the city but increasing salinity levels have reduced the city's ability to use the river intake. In response, the city is building the first surface-water desalination plant in the Bay Area.


title: The Vaccines

text: The Vaccines are an English indie rock band, formed in West London in 2010. Band members Justin Hayward-Young (lead vocals, guitar), Freddie Cowan (lead guitar, vocals), Árni Árnason (bass, vocals), Timothy Lanham (guitars, keys, vocals) and Yoann Intonti (drums) have played as the current lineup since former drummer Pete Robertson’s departure in 2016.


title: The Vaccines

text: The Vaccines have toured extensively, playing with and opening up for acts such as The Rolling Stones, Arcade Fire, Arctic Monkeys, The Stone Roses, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Imagine Dragons, and Muse.


title: The Vaccines

text: The band's debut album was the best-selling debut album of 2011 in the United Kingdom, drawing comparisons to The Ramones, The Strokes, and The Jesus and Mary Chain. The band have released five studio albums: "What Did You Expect from The Vaccines?" (2011), "Come of Age" (2012), "English Graffiti" (2015), "Combat Sports" (2018), and "Back in Love City" (2021). They have sold two million records worldwide.


title: The Vaccines

text: Composed of Justin Hayward-Young (known professionally as Justin Young), Arni Arnason (bass), Pete Robertson (drums) and Freddie Cowan (guitar and younger brother of Tom Cowan from The Horrors), the band was initially formed by Young and Cowan in the summer of 2009. After months of attempting to perfect their sound, the band uploaded the demo "If You Wanna" to YouTube in August 2010. The song immediately received praise from people such as Zane Lowe, who named it the 'Hottest Record in the World' on 18 August 2010. After the band's first-ever London show, a "Clash" magazine article predicted that the band could help usher in a new era for guitar music.


title: The Vaccines

text: During The Vaccines' debut UK tour between September and November 2010, interest in the band led to a debut London performance at a friend's pub, The Flowerpot, Kentish Town. The show sold out and audience members included Alex Kapranos and Marcus Mumford—200 people were turned away. The performance was awarded a "4/5" rating by "The Guardian" and was described by "Clash" magazine as "fantastic, exhilarating and exciting". During this time, the band performed live on "Later with Jools Holland"—the occasion marked the first time that a band has ever appeared on the programme prior to releasing a single.


title: The Vaccines

text: On 29 November 2010, the band released its debut double A-side single "Wreckin' Bar (Ra Ra Ra)"/"Blow It Up" in the UK; the single was limited to 1000 copies and was released on the Marshall Teller Records label. Both of the music videos for each of the double A-side songs were directed by Doug Hart, former bass player with The Jesus and Mary Chain. "Wreckin' Bar (Ra Ra Ra)", one minute and 24 seconds in duration, was named "Track of the Day" by "Q" magazine and was critically well received.


title: The Vaccines

text: The band recorded its first ever radio session for Marc Riley's BBC 6 Music show in December 2010. Following the release of its debut double A-side single, the band continued to tour the UK in the latter part of 2010, while concurrently recording its debut album. The band was followed by documentary makers from "Vice Magazine" during this tour.


title: The Vaccines

text: On 5 January 2011, the band was placed third in the BBC's Sound of 2011 poll and, in the same week, appeared on the cover of "NME" for the first time. Following the confirmation of its contract with Columbia Records, the band released its second single "Post Break-Up Sex" on 24 January 2011, and it debuted at No. 32 in the UK. It was during this period that the band was nominated for an MTV Award—'Best New Band of 2011'—and a Critics' Choice Brit Award. Following the band's inaugural "NME" cover, the Vaccines then participated in the 2011 NME Awards Tour, supporting Crystal Castles. The band also travelled to America for the first time, where Debbie Harry was reportedly part of the audience for the band's New York City show.


title: The Vaccines

text: Following a trip to the SXSW arts conference, the band then released its debut album "What Did You Expect from The Vaccines?" on 14 March 2011 through Columbia Records, to generally positive reviews. Reflecting on the album's ten-year anniversary, Justin Young told "Atwood Magazine" he and the band were "petrified of not being able to capture the energy" they were looking for: "I remember at the time being like, '"This doesn't sound particularly aggressive"' or "'It doesn't sound lo-fi enough for my tastes".' Now I listen back and I'm like ""Whoa!"" I think it probably was, and I'm like "Wow. That's crazy that these songs got played on the radio."


title: The Vaccines

text: In Autumn 2011, the band was forced to postpone tours of Japan and the US, in addition to shows across Europe, after Young suffered from a recurring vocal issue that had led to three operations within a nine-month period. Despite Young's medical problem, the band still played more than 150 shows in 2011, culminating in two nights at London's O2 Brixton Academy.


title: The Vaccines

text: On 10 June 2011, The Vaccines performed as a support act for the Arctic Monkeys in a 10,000-capacity tent venue at Don Valley Stadium in Sheffield, UK. The Sheffield performance followed a joint trip that the two bands had made to America, during which time the Vaccines made their network television debut, performing "If You Wanna" on the "Late Show with David Letterman". After the Don Valley gig, the band performed at numerous festivals throughout the world during that year's summer season (at the time, the band claimed that it had played around 45 festival shows). The Vaccines ended the summer at the Reading and Leeds Festivals, joined on stage by members of The Horrors. In turn, The Vaccines appeared on stage with The Horrors later in the day. The band was named by "NME Magazine" as the best band of the weekend.


title: The Vaccines

text: The Vaccines have frequently collaborated on stage, including guest spots with Lyle Preslar of Minor Threat, Ryan Jarman of The Cribs, members of Savages and Paul Thomson of Franz Ferdinand. In August 2013 they performed in Florida as John Fogerty's backing band.


title: The Vaccines

text: In August 2011, The Vaccines debuted a new song "Tiger Blood" that was produced by Albert Hammond Jr. of The Strokes in his New York studio.


title: The Vaccines

text: On Christmas Day of 2011, The Vaccines appeared on "Top of the Pops" for the first time, before welcoming in the New Year on "Jools Holland's Annual Hootenanny".


title: The Vaccines

text: The Vaccines recorded their second LP in March 2012 with producer Ethan Johns. Young provided the public with an update: "It's mostly written and we're going into the studio in Belgium in March to start recording so it'll definitely be out this year, without a doubt. We've definitely got six songs written that we all want to be on the record, but there's tonnes of other new songs and we're actually going into the studio out in Australia to work on ideas. I think we're in a good place with it and it's quite exciting."


title: The Vaccines

text: On 1 April 2012, The Quietus reported that The Vaccines would be releasing a split 7-inch single with R. Stevie Moore through O Genesis Records in aid of Record Store Day, with The Vaccines covering Moore's "Why Should I Love You?" and Moore tackling "Post Break-Up Sex".


title: The Vaccines

text: In July 2012, during another summer of playing festivals, the band released two free EPs—one is a live EP recorded in Brighton, UK, while the other is a collection of acoustic cover versions, entitled "Please, Please Do Not Disturb". The cover version EP features renditions of ABBA, Wire, Nick Lowe and Jonathan Richman songs. Later that month, Cowan spoke about the band's plans to release a series of four singles with each band member writing and recording a B-side song. Cowan will collaborate with his brother, Furse, for his contribution to the project.


title: The Vaccines

text: The Vaccines' second album, called "Come of Age" was released on 3 September 2012 in the UK. It reached No. 1 in the album chart, and was certified gold in the UK. The album was released in the US on 4 October 2012 The release was marked by the band's biggest tour to date, including a sold-out show at London's 10,000 capacity Alexandra Palace with support from Fucked Up and Diiv. Young has since been critical of the record, calling it a "creative misstep."


title: The Vaccines

text: In January 2013, The Vaccines were nominated for a Brit Award for Best Live Act, alongside The Rolling Stones, Muse, Mumford & Sons and Coldplay. They were also nominated for two NME awards: Best British Band and Best Album.


title: The Vaccines

text: On 29 January 2013, The Vaccines began its first headliner tour of the US with a show at the Paradise Rock Club in Boston, Massachusetts, supported by Australian band San Cisco. This was followed by a support show with Muse at a War Child charity gig at O2 Shepherd's Bush Empire on 18 February 2013.


title: The Vaccines

text: Other shows in 2013 included London's O2 Arena on 2 May (where the band were supported by The Walkmen), Hyde Park on 6 July (supporting The Rolling Stones), and Glastonbury Festival on 28 June 2013.


title: The Vaccines

text: The Vaccines featured on the cover of the 30 April 2013 issue of "NME" magazine, in which they revealed that they were working on some new material which may either be part of an EP or part of a third album. On 24 June 2013, The Vaccines revealed a brand new track titled "Melody Calling" that premiered on Radio 1. As a result, Zane Lowe named the song 'the Hottest Record in the World'. The song also featured on the NME website and on SoundCloud. "Melody Calling EP", recorded in Los Angeles by Rich Costey and John Hill, was released on 12 August 2013 with work on the new album scheduled to start in spring 2014.


title: The Vaccines

text: On 29 October 2013, the short film "I Don't Even Know You", detailing the band's tour through 2012 to 2013 was premiered on The Guardian website. The film was produced by PulseFilms.


title: The Vaccines

text: After taking time off from touring at the end of Summer 2013, members of the band were involved in various different projects, with Cowan travelling to Senegal to play alongside Baaba Maal and the Very Best and Young performing in the US with members of JEFF the Brotherhood and Mumford & Sons.


title: The Vaccines

text: In August 2014, The Vaccines confirmed that they would complete their third album by the end of the year. The producer Dave Fridmann, who has worked on records for artists including Flaming Lips, MGMT and Tame Impala told NME that The Vaccines want to create a similar sound to Sleater-Kinney's The Woods,


title: The Vaccines

text: In November 2014, after a long break The Vaccines played their first few gigs in India, Vietnam and Hong Kong. The band played new songs from their upcoming third album entitled "Handsome", "Want You So Bad" and "Dream Lover". For this tour, the band expanded to a five-piece, with Cathy Lucas of Fanfarlo and Vanishing Twin accompanying them on keyboards. The band stated in an interview that they would like to put out a single in January 2015 with touring starting in March and an album coming in May.


title: The Vaccines

text: On 19 January 2015, "Handsome", the first song to be revealed from the new album, was played on BBC Radio 1 by Zane Lowe. When speaking to Lowe about the track, Young announced the forthcoming album would be titled "English Graffiti".


title: The Vaccines

text: On 18 May 2015, English Graffiti was made BBC Radio 6's 'Album of the Day +' where previously unheard tracks were premiered throughout the show, with a live performance of "Dream Lover" and "(All Afternoon) In Love."


title: The Vaccines

text: In the summer of 2015, the band toured across America with Mumford and Sons, as they had done on their previous album. They repeated this in Australia later in the year.


title: The Vaccines

text: For the "English Graffiti" live shows, The Vaccines recruited a new touring keyboardist, Timothy Lanham. Formerly of Hunting, a band of childhood friends from Australia, Lanham was a bowling alley employee when he met Cowan and Young at the wedding of Alan Pownall and Gabriella Wilde in Tuscany, Italy in September 2014, and they eventually invited him to join them.


title: The Vaccines

text: On 17 June 2016, The Vaccines announced Pete Robertson's amicable departure "to focus on other things", with their recent U.S. tour which had ended a month prior to the announcement being the drummer's last shows with the band. To fulfill their upcoming live commitments, the band recruited Yoann Intonti of Spector on drums.


title: The Vaccines

text: On 26 and 28 August 2016, The Vaccines played at the Reading and Leeds Festivals, some of their first British concerts with Intonti playing drums, before headliners Fall Out Boy and Biffy Clyro. On the same day as their Reading performance, Justin Young revealed details of their upcoming fourth studio album to DIY, saying that "we’ve got most of the record written, actually. We’ve got like twenty songs – I don't know how many of them are gonna end up being Vaccines songs. I think we'll just record in the new year and see what happens!"


title: The Vaccines

text: In January 2017, it was reported that The Vaccines' fourth album would contain songs "like polished '70s and '80s rock: Big Star, Todd Rundgren, Guided by Voices – that kind of stuff. Very smooth, like a super FM radio sound," stated Young. "Someone to Lose", "Out on the Street", and "Young American" were among the songs considered for the album, with the band looking for "a polished pop producer" to handle the recording sessions that were scheduled to take place in February.


title: The Vaccines

text: After published photos taken of the remaining members in the wake of Robertson's departure gave the impression that The Vaccines would continue as a three-piece, Cowan stated that Intonti and "English Graffiti" touring keyboardist Timothy Lanham had officially joined the band. "After Pete left, we took some photos with just the three of us and it felt weird. And equally we had these guys that were really involved in making the record, so it felt like the right thing to do. You want to embrace the new chapter, not hold on to what was," said Cowan.


title: The Vaccines

text: In April 2017, The Vaccines played in Shanghai, China where they premiered three new songs: "Your Love Is My Favourite Band", "Surfing in the Sky" and "Rolling Stones".


title: The Vaccines

text: In October 2017, the band announced "Combat Sports" would be the name of their fourth studio album. On 3 January 2018 "I Can't Quit", the first single to be taken from the new album, was released. It was BBC Radio 1's 'Hottest Record in the World'. "Combat Sports" charted at No. 4 in the UK upon release.


title: The Vaccines

text: In April 2018 the band embarked on a UK tour to promote the album, culminating with a sold-out show at London's 10,200 capacity venue Alexandra Palace. This was followed by an extensive world tour that took in Europe, Central & North America and Asia. On 29 May 2018, during a summer of festivals, the band again opened for the Rolling Stones' - this time at their concert in Southampton.


title: The Vaccines

text: In July 2018, the band played two new songs entitled 'All My Friends' and 'Let's Jump Off The Top'. From August they embarked on a European stadium tour with Imagine Dragons. With Arnason absent for personal reasons, the band were joined throughout the summer by Ru Jarvis of The Maccabees on bass.


title: The Vaccines

text: In January 2019, the band embarked on a tour of Australia performing at The Falls Festival. This was followed by more extensive touring in 2019.


title: The Vaccines

text: In July 2019, it was announced that the band had recorded a duet with Kylie Minogue to accompany the trailer for the Aardman Animations Oscar nominated "".


title: The Vaccines

text: In late 2019, Young and Lanham unveiled their new band 'Halloweens'. Their debut album "Morning Kiss at the Acropolis" was released in 2020 and included the singles "My Baby Looks Good With Another", "Hannah, You're Amazing" and "Rock Bottom Rock".


title: The Vaccines

text: In April 2020, the band released a new YouTube-only song, "I Never Go Out on Fridays". This was followed by another new song, "Internet Disco Ft. Agent Emotion", which was featured on the NHS fundraiser 'Songs for the National Health Service' alongside unreleased songs by other British acts such as Foals and Wolf Alice.


title: The Vaccines

text: In February 2021, The Vaccines released a covers EP entitled "Cosy Karaoke Vol. 1". The EP consisted of cover versions of songs by Waxahatchee, Kacey Musgraves, Queens Of The Stone Age, Buffalo Springfield, Wanda Jackson and The Tornadoes. This preceded the release of a limited edition 10 year anniversary version of "What Did You Expect From The Vaccines?" on pink vinyl. The band stated that the EP should act as a palate cleanser for what was to come next.


title: The Vaccines

text: On 13 May 2021, the band released the first single from their, as yet, untitled fifth record called Headphones Baby. This was followed by singles Back in Love City and Alone Star. With touring still restricted by the Global COVID-19 pandemic, the band made just one festival appearance in 2021 as secret guests at Latitude Festival.


title: The Vaccines

text: On 10 September 2021, The Vaccines released their 5th studio album Back in Love City. Recorded at Sonic Ranch just outside of El Paso in Texas in December 2019, the album was produced by Daniel Ledinsky with additional production by Fryars.


title: The Vaccines

text: Back in Love City charted at No.5 in UK upon release, marking the band's fifth consecutive top 5 album, with "NME" citing a band 'still at their very best and still brimming with ideas and invention.' Following a tour of small venues around the UK for Music Venues Trust, The Vaccines announced an album tour for April 2022.


title: Unobtrusive JavaScript

text: Unobtrusive JavaScript is a general approach to the use of client-side JavaScript in web pages so that if JavaScript features are partially or fully absent in a user's web browser, then the user notices as little as possible any lack of the web page's JavaScript functionality. The term has been used by different technical writers to emphasize different aspects of front-end web development. For some writers, the term has been understood more generally to refer to separation of functionality (the "behavior layer") from a web page's structure/content and presentation, while other writers have used the term more precisely to refer to the use of progressive enhancement to support user agents that lack certain JavaScript functionality and users that have disabled JavaScript. Following the latter definition, unobtrusive JavaScript contributes to web accessibility insofar as it helps ensure that all users—whatever their computing platform—get roughly equal access to all of the web page's information and functionality.


title: Unobtrusive JavaScript

text: A typical client-side dynamic web page can be conceived as consisting of four parts: the marked-up content (HTML), the style sheet (CSS), client-side JavaScript, and embedded objects such as images. The client-side JavaScript part can be conceived as enhancing the other parts by adding features or functionality that would not be possible without JavaScript.


title: Unobtrusive JavaScript

text: The concept of "unobtrusiveness" in relation to client-side JavaScript was coined in 2002 by Stuart Langridge in the article "Unobtrusive DHTML, and the power of unordered lists". In the article Langridge argued for a way to keep all JavaScript code, including event handlers, outside of the HTML when using dynamic HTML (DHTML). He said that the purpose of this kind of organization of code was "providing a better user experience for people whose browsers can support it, and those whose browsers cannot", while also making scripting easier for web developers. Langridge later expanded upon this thought and emphasized that the core meaning of "unobtrusive" is that "if a given Web browser doesn't support the DHTML features you're using, that absence should affect the user experience as little as possible". In other words, for Langridge, "unobtrusive" principally refers to users' experience of the absence of JavaScript features in a given situation.


title: Unobtrusive JavaScript

text: David Flanagan's book "JavaScript: The Definitive Guide" (2006) said that while there is no specific formula, there are three main goals of unobtrusive JavaScript:


title: Unobtrusive JavaScript

text: The Web Standards Project, in its "JavaScript Manifesto" (2006), said that the "purpose of JavaScript is enhancing the usability of web pages by adding interaction to them", and described four benefits of unobtrusive DOM scripting:


title: Unobtrusive JavaScript

text: For the Paris Web Conference in 2007, Christian Heilmann identified seven rules of unobtrusive JavaScript, some of which were wider in scope than other narrower definitions of "unobtrusive":


title: Unobtrusive JavaScript

text: The broader definitions of unobtrusive JavaScript have much in common with general programming best practices, such as encapsulation and abstraction layers, avoidance of global variables, meaningful naming conventions, use of appropriate design patterns, and systematic testing.


title: Princess Mafalda of Savoy

text: Princess Mafalda of Savoy (19 November 1902 – 28 August 1944) was the second daughter of King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy and his wife Elena of Montenegro. The future King Umberto II of Italy was her younger brother.


title: Princess Mafalda of Savoy

text: Princess Mafalda was born on 19 November 1902 in Rome, and was nicknamed “Muti”. She was the second child born to King Victor Emmanuel III and Queen Elena of Italy. She was baptized at the Quirinal Palace on 15 December 1902. During her childhood, she was closest to her mother, from whom she inherited a love for music and the arts. During World War I, she accompanied her mother on her visits to Italian military hospitals.


title: Princess Mafalda of Savoy

text: On 23 September 1925, at Racconigi Castle, Mafalda married Prince Philipp of Hesse, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and grandson of German Emperor Frederick III. Prince Philipp and his brother Christoph were members of the National Socialist (Nazi) party.


title: Princess Mafalda of Savoy

text: Prince Philipp's marriage to Princess Mafalda put him in position to act as intermediary between the National Socialist government in Germany (ruling since 1933) and the Fascist government in Italy, ruling since 1922. On the evening of 26 March 1935 she was present at an informal diplomatic dinner given by Adolf Hitler in the Reich President's House in Berlin. She sat next to Anthony Eden.


title: Princess Mafalda of Savoy

text: However, during World War II, Adolf Hitler believed Princess Mafalda was working against the war effort; he called her the "blackest carrion in the Italian royal house". So did Hitler's Minister of Propaganda Joseph Goebbels, who called her "the biggest bitch "(grösste Rabenaas)" in the entire Italian royal house".


title: Princess Mafalda of Savoy

text: Early in September 1943, Princess Mafalda travelled to Bulgaria to attend the funeral of her brother-in-law, King Boris III. While there, she was informed of Italy's surrender to the Allied Powers, that her husband was being held under house arrest in Bavaria, and that her children had been given sanctuary in the Vatican. The Gestapo ordered her arrest, and on 23 September she received a telephone call from Hauptsturmführer Karl Hass at the German High Command, who told her that he had an important message from her husband. On her arrival at the German embassy, Mafalda was arrested, ostensibly for subversive activities. Princess Mafalda was transported to Munich for questioning, then to Berlin, and finally to Buchenwald concentration camp.


title: Princess Mafalda of Savoy

text: On 24 August 1944, the Allies bombed an ammunition factory inside Buchenwald. Some four hundred prisoners were killed and Princess Mafalda was seriously wounded: she had been housed in a unit adjacent to the bombed factory, and when the attack occurred she was buried up to her neck in debris and suffered severe burns to her arm. The conditions of the labour camp caused her arm to become infected as a result, and the medical staff at the facility amputated it; she bled profusely during the operation and never regained consciousness. She died during the night of 26–27 August 1944; her body was reburied after the war at Kronberg Castle in Hesse.


title: Princess Mafalda of Savoy

text: Eugen Kogon, author of "The Theory and Practice of Hell – The German Concentration Camps and the System Behind Them" (1950), adds more details of Mafalda's death – some of it in conflict with the previous account. After the air raid of 24 August 1944, the princess was wounded in the arm and Dr. Schiedlausky, camp medical office, performed the arm amputation, but his patient did not survive due to loss of blood. Her naked body was dumped into the crematorium, where Father Joseph Thyl dug it out of the body heap, covered her up, and arranged for speedy cremation. Thyl cut off a lock of the princess's hair, which was smuggled out of camp to be kept in Jena, until it could be sent on to her German relatives. Her death was not confirmed until after Germany's surrender to the Allies in 1945.


title: Princess Mafalda of Savoy

text: In 1995, the Italian government honored Princess Mafalda with her image on a postal stamp. "Mafaldine" ("little Mafalda"), a variety of flat pasta, are named after her.


title: Princess Mafalda of Savoy

text: Princess Mafalda married Philipp, Landgrave of Hesse on 23 September 1925 (civilly & religiously) at Racconigi Castle near Turin.


title: Renault Kwid

text: The Renault Kwid is a crossover city car produced by the French car manufacturer Renault, initially intended for the Indian market and launched in 2015. In 2017, an improved Brazilian version was introduced for Latin American markets. Its battery electric version, named Renault City K-ZE, was launched in 2019, being manufactured in China and exported to Europe since 2021 as Dacia Spring Electric and to Latin America since 2022 as Renault Kwid E-Tech.


title: Renault Kwid

text: The Kwid was developed under the project code "BBA". It is the first car to be based on the new CMF-A platform jointly developed by Renault and Nissan. It is slightly longer but narrower than Renault's smallest conventional vehicle, the Twingo with a high sitting position and a ride height.


title: Renault Kwid

text: The car was designed by an engineers' team settled in India led by Gérard Detourbet, a senior engineer, former mathematician described as "an innovation a minute" who led the development team for the first-generation Dacia Logan.


title: Renault Kwid

text: The Kwid was unveiled at Chennai on 20 May 2015 by Renault's CEO Carlos Ghosn. Ghosn said the car would be "a game changer for Renault in India." The car has 98 percent of parts localisation and extensive engineering by local Renault's personnel. The Kwid is aimed at competing with other small cars within the Indian market, as the Suzuki Alto, and incorporates uncommon equipment for its segment such as a digital instrument cluster and a multimedia touchscreen.


title: Renault Kwid

text: In September 2015, the Kwid was launched in India at a starting price of 2.57 lakh rupees, equal to $3,884. Sales started in September and had a "flying start" of 25,000 bookings in 2 weeks and 50,000 in 5 weeks, then 70,000 in 2 months, getting 10% of effective market shares in its segment. The Indian version is exported to various overseas markets such as Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Tunisia and Sub-Saharan Africa.


title: Renault Kwid

text: At launch, the only engine available was a three-cylinder, 799 cc unit with a power output and torque, coupled to a 5-speed manual transmission. According to the Indian newspaper "The Financial Express", Kwid's 300-litre boot space is "the most voluminous in its class" and its fuel efficiency is "class-leading", at . In August 2016, the Kwid received a more powerful 1.0-liter engine. The Kwid 1.0 is powered by a 999 cc engine which churns out of power and of peak torque.


title: Renault Kwid

text: The Renault Kwid received a minor update in July 2018. It gets new features such as pretensioner front seat-belts, two additional USB sockets, a rear armrest, a new grille and two new colour schemes. The "Dacia Easy-R" 5-speed automated manual transmission became available on Indian market Kwid models.


title: Renault Kwid

text: In 2017, a heavily revised version of the Kwid started production at the Renault' plant in Brazil. To comply with stricter Brazilian regulations, the localised version has various structural reinforcements and four airbags as standard which made its weight go up 88 kg compared to the Indian version. This version only offers a 1.0-litre inline-three petrol engine.


title: Renault Kwid

text: It was also introduced to the Mexican market in May 2019, in the Intens, Iconic and Outsider trim levels. A Bitono trim level was added later on 10 November 2020, with the main difference having a black roof and can be ordered in the Marfil (Ivory), Rojo Fuego (Fire Red), and Naranja Ocre (Ocher Orange) colours. It is identical to the Outsider trim level and is positioned above said trim.


title: Renault Kwid

text: The Kwid in its facelift form debuted in India in October 2019, with a front fascia inspired by their electric version Renault City K-ZE, unveiled earlier in 2018, with the featured split headlamps consisting of LED daytime running lights, turning lights and positioning lights in the top portion and the main beam in the bottom portion. The Kwid facelift also featured a larger 8.0 inch infotainment system equipped with Apple CarPlay and Android Auto and an optional passenger side front airbag.


title: Renault Kwid

text: At tests conducted in 2016, the Indian version of the Kwid with no ABS scored a 0-star rating for adult occupants and 2 stars for infants from Global NCAP, a rating also achieved by many entry-level competitors in the Indian market, including localised versions of the Suzuki Alto, the Hyundai Eon, the Tata Nano, the Suzuki Celerio and the Ford Figo. The Kwid was also criticised for being one of the Indian models not having airbags as standard. Renault and other car manufacturers made objections to Global NCAP for its methodology and for ignoring India's own safety criteria, complaints also made in other regions as the NCAPs try to raise the safety level beyond that prescribed by the local regulators, which corresponds to 0-stars. One version with driver airbag obtained 1 star for adult occupants but also 1 star for infants the same year. A two-airbag version for Africa was tested in 2020 and obtained 2 stars for both (similar to Latin NCAP 2013).


title: Renault Kwid

text: The Brazilian-built Kwid in its most basic Latin American configuration with 4 airbags and no ESC got a 3-star rating from Latin NCAP in 2017, which corresponds to a now obsolete but already one level more strict protocol than the one used by Global NCAP before H2 2022.


title: Renault Kwid

text: The Renault City K-ZE is a battery electric version of Renault Kwid, manufactured since 2019 in a facility in Shiyan, Hubei owned by eGT New Energy Automotive, a joint venture between Dongfeng, Renault and Nissan. A concept car was shown initially at the 2018 Paris Motor Show, and the final production model debuted in April 2019 at Shanghai Motor Show, going on sale later in September. Using a dedicated variant of the CMF-A platform, named CMFA-EV, the K-ZE is Renault's smallest electric vehicle, sitting beneath the Renault Zoe. It is notable for its low price, starting at less than $8,700 after incentives.


title: Renault Kwid

text: The model also introduced first hand the facelift for the ICE-powered Renault Kwid, launched in India in October 2019. In the front, the City K-ZE featured split headlamps consisting of LED daytime running lights, turning lights and positioning lights in the top portion and the main beam in the bottom portion. It also received tail lights with C-shaped LED light guides. Each wheel is fixed by 4 nuts instead of 3 like on the ICE versions. The electric models are not produced in a right-hand drive configuration.


title: Renault Kwid

text: The vehicle uses a 26.8 kWh lithium ion battery and is powered by a , front-mounted electric motor driving the front wheels.


title: Renault Kwid

text: The EPA range is not given and can be estimated at ; this is based on the car's NEDC range and the ratio of the EPA range to the NEDC range available for another BEV city car, the Smart EQ Fortwo. While the car is rated at in China, this is based on the NEDC cycle, no longer in use in Europe as it gives wildly inaccurate results, especially for EVs.


title: Renault Kwid

text: Optional equipment includes an infotainment system with a touchscreen, a backup camera and manual air conditioning. A smartphone app allows remote monitoring of the vehicle's status.


title: Renault Kwid

text: With the price starting at RMB after incentives, which puts it at RMB without them, this electric car is very cheap by Western standards.


title: Renault Kwid

text: The car represents a category of budget electric city cars popular in China, but practically nonexistent in the West; among these, it is probably the first one carrying a badge of a Western marque. Prices of EVs in general are much lower in China than in the US or Europe, and they exhibit a downward trend while in the West they show an upward trend: a report by JATO Dynamics shows that an all-electric car priced at $1 in 2011 would now cost $0.52 in China, but $1.42 in Europe and $1.55 in the US.


title: Renault Kwid

text: The International Business Times wrote that it "looks set to become the real "Tesla Killer"" simply because of its low price, while erroneously stating it's the cheapest EV in the world (there are even cheaper EVs in China).


title: Renault Kwid

text: Alongside the production version of the City K-ZE, Dongfeng Nissan showed off their version of an electric Kwid under the Venucia brand in the form of the Venucia e30. The e30 is essentially a badge engineered City K-ZE, sharing the same basic powertrain and design. The e30 name was previously used on another badged engineered EV based on the first generation Nissan Leaf.


title: Renault Kwid

text: Dongfeng-Fengshen also unveiled the Aeolus EX1 during the 2019 Chengdu Auto Show. The pre-sale price range of the EX1 after subsidies is 70,000 to 80,000 yuan (~US$9813 to US$11,215). The EX1 is powered by an electric motor with a maximum power output of 33 kW (44 hp).


title: Renault Kwid

text: In July 2022, it was introduced as the Dongfeng Nano Box. In opposite of Venucia and Aeolus models - both of them with their front end inspired on the first ICE-powered Renault Kwid design - this one is more based on the City K-ZE fascia itself, but with more original design tweaks, thanks to plastic-molded components, much cheaper to modify than steel parts. Despite running the same engine as the other models, Dongfeng promises the Nano Box can run 331 km (206 mi) in the Chinese test cycle.


title: Renault Kwid

text: In October 2019, Gilles Normand, head of the EV department in Renault, indicated that a version of City K-ZE to be exported to the European market was in the works, under the internal code "BBG". On 3 March 2020, the Romanian car manufacturer Dacia - Renault's budget-car subsidiary in Europe - unveiled a concept car of K-ZE for that market, under the name of Dacia Spring Electric. It was intended to be presented at the 2020 Geneva Motor Show. However, once the entire show was canceled due to COVID-19 pandemic, it was presented via web live stream. The concept had a gray body colour enhanced with neon orange accents on the rims, the door handles, the mirrors and the grille.


title: Renault Kwid

text: The production model of Spring Electric was presented at Renault EWAYS conference on 15 October 2020. In order to meet European safety standards, Spring Electric has been reengineered, featuring a reinforced chassis, six airbags and other assistance systems. There were also changes in powertrain, with the single electric motor now being powered by a 27.4 kWh lithium-ion battery, instead of the 26.8 kWh in the Chinese model; permitting a claimed range of on the combined WLTP cycle.


title: Renault Kwid

text: Their sales began in March 2021. At its introduction, it was the cheapest electric car in Europe. The Spring Electric was also the second most popular model of electric car exported from China in the first eight months of 2021 – only behind Tesla's Model 3 – with a total of 17,398 units sold in that period. Car-sharing services and cargo utility versions were also launched later in 2021. The deliveries for companies started in early 2021, while for private customers in autumn of 2021.


title: Renault Kwid

text: The 2023 Spring Electric, launched in June 2022 alongside all the other Dacia models, had a slight facelift on the front grille and a new badge on the rear, featuring the new Dacia logo and branding. The least expensive version for consumers now starts at € in France€, after subsidies.


title: Renault Kwid

text: The Dacia Spring in its standard European configuration was awarded a one star rating in the Euro NCAP crash test published in December 2021. Euro NCAP said the testing highlighted "a high risk of life-threatening injuries for driver chest and rear passenger head in frontal crash tests and marginal chest protection in side impact." The protocol still in use by Latin NCAP in 2022 (one level above that of 2017) is very similar to the 2014 Euro NCAP (four levels below that of 2021).


title: Renault Kwid

text: The City K-ZE also began to be exported to Brazil in 2022 as a Renault Kwid top-range version, named the Renault Kwid E-Tech Electric, matching the current Renault branding for electric vehicles.


title: Renault Kwid

text: The Brazilian version has a motor instead of the of the Chinese version, which is still less than the of the 1.0-litre ICE version. It weighs 977 kg instead of the 818 kg of the standard Brazilian ICE version, so it can carry 4 people instead of 5 in the latter.


title: Renault Kwid

text: The Renault Kwid concept was unveiled at the 2014 Auto Expo in India. The SUV-like concept incorporates a roof-mounted, remote-controlled quadcopter (called the "Flyer Companion"), butterfly doors and has large R16 wheels. According to Renault, the interior was "inspired by a nest" and has a 3-seat front and 2-seat rear arrangement.


title: Bill Denbrough

text: William "Bill" Denbrough is a fictional character created by Stephen King and the main protagonist of his 1986 novel "It". The character is considered to be the leader of "The Losers Club" and initiates finding and killing Pennywise the Dancing Clown after his younger brother Georgie is killed by the clown. The character was first portrayed in the 1990 TV mini-series by Jonathan Brandis as a child, and by Richard Thomas as an adult. In the 2017 adaptation and its 2019 sequel, the character was portrayed by Jaeden Martell as a child (13 years old)and James McAvoy as an adult (40 something years old ).


title: Bill Denbrough

text: Bill Denbrough was born in 1946 (1947 in the 1990 TV mini-series and January 4, 1976, in the 2017 film). He is the son of Zach and Sharon Denbrough and the older brother of Georgie Denbrough and resides in Derry, Maine. Bill has a speech impediment, due to being hit by a car at the age of three, which leads to him being outcast. In late fall of 1957 (1959 in the TV mini-series; 1988 in the 2017 film), Bill is suffering from a cold, and he helps construct a paper boat for his younger brother Georgie to play with outside, despite the downpour of rain. Moments later, Georgie is attacked and eaten by Pennywise in a storm drain.


title: Bill Denbrough

text: After this incident, in the summer of 1958 (1960 in the 1990 TV mini-series; 1989 in the 2017 film), Bill and his friends Eddie Kaspbrak, Richie Tozier and Stanley Uris all have encounters with Pennywise. Their shared encounters with Pennywise lead them to Beverly Marsh, Ben Hanscom and Mike Hanlon, forming "The Losers Club." Along the way, the group members all have more individual encounters with Pennywise and local bully Henry Bowers—who later falls under the influence of Pennywise—until they decide to head to where they believe Pennywise to be hiding, on Neibolt Street, and believe they have killed the clown. However, they make an oath that, if Pennywise is not in fact dead, they will all return to Derry to defeat him.


title: Bill Denbrough

text: In his adult life, Bill has become a successful writer and married an actress, Audra Phillips. Bill has controlled his stutter and, due to the nature of It, cannot remember Derry, Georgie, or The Losers Club. After Pennywise kills a gay man named Adrian Mellon, Bill gets a phone call from Mike Hanlon, who has remained in Derry, asking him to come back and help kill Pennywise once and for all. Each member of The Losers Club returns to Derry except for Stanley, who commits suicide due to not being able to face his fears again. The group meets in a Chinese Restaurant where the members catch up until they realize Stanley is missing and are confronted by It.


title: Bill Denbrough

text: Eventually, after each member has respective encounters with Pennywise, the group returns to Neibolt Street and performs the Ritual of Chud to reveal Pennywise's true form and be able to kill It. However, Pennywise has already taken Bill's wife Audra and put her under the influence of It's deadlights, causing her to fall into a state of catatonia. Even after defeating Pennywise, Audra remains in a catatonic state until Bill takes her on a bicycle ride, causing her to come out of her paralysis.


title: Bill Denbrough

text: Bill was portrayed by Jonathan Brandis as a child and Richard Thomas as an adult in the 1990 TV mini-series directed by Tommy Lee Wallace. This interpretation remains faithful to the novel version of the character with little to no notable differences.


title: Bill Denbrough

text: In Cary Joji Fukunaga's adaptation of the novel, Bill was to be called "Will" Denbrough, rather than Bill. When Fukunaga left the project and Andy Muschietti came aboard to produce and direct, Martell was cast.


title: Bill Denbrough

text: Bill was portrayed again by Jaeden Martell as a child and James McAvoy as an adult in the 2017 adaptation and its 2019 sequel. In this interpretation, the sequel reveals that he pretended to be sick the day Georgie was killed, resulting in his guilt over his brother's death. The first movie depicts Bill deluding himself that Georgie is still alive to the point of causing the Losers Club to scatter following their first encounter with Pennywise at the Neibolt House. This interpretation also has Pennywise recognising Bill as a threat, attempting to barter the other Losers into sacrificing Bill to survive. The sequel has a tongue-in-cheek reference to Stephen King's main criticism, wherein he rarely has satisfying endings to his novels. This is ironic considering many fans and critics's main criticism with the movie was that the ending was disappointing. The sequel also features Bill coming across a young boy at the drain where Georgie was killed, and learns that the boy will become Pennywise's next victim. This leads Bill to a local carnival where he follows the boy through a house of mirrors, where Pennywise murders him right in front of Bill. The young boy had also been seen earlier in the film at the Chinese restaurant as a fan of Richie, whom Richie believes is another version of Pennywise.


title: Bill Denbrough

text: Audra's role in the story is removed with Pennywise instead tormenting Bill through both his guilt and being forced to watch It kill another child in front of him. Bill overcomes his personal demons while performing the Ritual of Chud. The film also deviates from the novel and the miniseries by ending with Bill and the remaining Losers retaining their memories.


title: Bill Denbrough

text: Neither adaptation features Bill and the rest of the Losers meeting with Maturin the Turtle – a god-like figure in the novel who is the antithesis to Pennywise. Despite not featuring Maturin, "It Chapter Two" does feature the Ritual of Chud as a key plot device in the film's narrative. However, the ritual is portrayed in a completely different way than in King's novel. Multiple references are still made throughout "It Chapter One" as well, such as the Loser's Club at the quarry stating to have seen a turtle, and Bill holding a Lego turtle in Georgie's bedroom, as well as a clay turtle being seen in a classroom in "It Chapter Two". The film series also deviates from the source material by not including the Loser's Club members losing their virginity to Beverly Marsh in the sewers after defeating Pennywise for the first time. This scene was reportedly to be featured in Fukunaga's original screenplay, but was removed by Muschietti during his rewrites once he came aboard the project.


title: Bill Denbrough

text: In "It: Chapter Two", the element of post traumatic stress disorder is hinted at once the characters get the phone call from Mike Hanlon asking them to return to Derry. Bill is shown to have symptoms of PTSD and survivor's guilt throughout the first film as well, refusing to believe that Georgie could be dead and blaming himself for not supervising Georgie. While the rest of The Losers Club is shown to struggle with returning to Derry and are consumed with grief and fear once they receive the call from Mike, Bill is shown to have the hardest time coping with his Survivor's guilt. Bill's struggles lead to his failed attempts to save another young boy from suffering the same fate as Georgie, only to be murdered by Pennywise right in front of him. Pennywise often taunts Bill for his failure to save Georgie throughout the film as well, including a scene which takes place during the events of the first film in which Bill returns to the drain where Georgie was killed and demands answers from Pennywise on why he took Georgie. The clown only retorts with "Because You Weren't There", in an attempt to further Bill's Survivor's guilt.


title: Bill Denbrough

text: Denbrough's development throughout the novel and adaptations reflects the overall theme of loss of innocence. Bill's development into a maturing adult due to the loss of his brother, Georgie, and the threat of Pennywise was widely acclaimed by fans and critics. The portrayals of the character by Brandis, Martell and McAvoy were all highly praised as well for embodying the spirit of the character. Martell's portrayal in particular was noted for the more adult themes explored in the 2017 adaptation and for Martell's commitment to perfecting the character's stutter. While Brandis's portrayal of Denbrough in the 1990 TV mini-series was acclaimed, Thomas' portrayal of the adult Bill received mixed reactions from fans and critics.


title: Bill Denbrough

text: The character is referenced in other Stephen King novels: "11/22/63" and "Bag of Bones". In "Bag of Bones", the character of Johanna is seen to be a fan of Denbrough's novels and considers him one of her favorite contemporary authors. Bill is briefly mentioned again in "11/22/63", and fellow members of the Loser's Club, Beverly Marsh and Richie Tozier make physical appearances.


title: Nursing diagnosis

text: A nursing diagnosis may be part of the nursing process and is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community experiences/responses to actual or potential health problems/life processes. Nursing diagnoses foster the nurse's independent practice (e.g., patient comfort or relief) compared to dependent interventions driven by physician's orders (e.g., medication administration). Nursing diagnoses are developed based on data obtained during the nursing assessment. A problem-based nursing diagnosis presents a problem response present at time of assessment. Risk diagnoses represent vulnerabilities to potential problems, and health promotion diagnoses identify areas which can be enhanced to improve health. Whereas a medical diagnosis identifies a disorder, a nursing diagnosis identifies the unique ways in which individuals respond to health or life processes or crises. The nursing diagnostic process is unique among others. A nursing diagnosis integrates patient involvement, when possible, throughout the process.


title: Nursing diagnosis

text: All nurses must be familiar with the steps of the nursing process in order to gain the most efficiency from their positions. In order to correctly diagnose, the nurse must make quick and accurate inferences from patient data during assessment, based on knowledge of the nursing discipline and concepts of concern to nurses.


title: Nursing diagnosis

text: "NANDA-International", formerly known as the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association is the primary organization for defining, researching, revising, distributing and integrating standardized nursing diagnoses worldwide. NANDA-I has worked in this area for more than 45 years to ensure that diagnoses are developed through a peer-reviewed process requiring standardised levels of evidence, definitions, defining characteristics, related factors or risk factors that enable nurses to identify potential diagnoses in the course of a nursing assessment. NANDA-I believes that it is critical that nurses are required to utilise standardised languages that provide not just terms (diagnoses) but the embedded knowledge from clinical practice and research that provides diagnostic criteria (definitions, defining characteristics) and the related or etiologic factors upon which nurses intervene. NANDA-I terms are developed and refined for actual (current) health responses and for risk situations, as well as providing diagnoses to support health promotion. Diagnoses are applicable to individuals, families, groups and communities. The taxonomy is published in multiple countries and has been translated into 18 languages; it is in use worldwide. As research in the field of nursing continues to grow, NANDA-I continually develops and adds new diagnostic labels.


title: Nursing diagnosis

text: Nursing diagnoses are a critical part of ensuring that the knowledge and contribution of nursing practice to patient outcomes are found within the electronic health record and can be linked to nurse-sensitive patient outcomes.


title: Nursing diagnosis

text: The ICNP (International Classification for Nursing Practice) published by the International Council of Nurses has been accepted by the WHO (World Health Organisation) family of classifications. ICNP is a nursing language which can be used by nurses to diagnose.


title: Nursing diagnosis

text: The NANDA-I system of nursing diagnosis provides for four categories and each has 3 parts: diagnostic label or the human response, related factors or the cause of the response, and defining characteristics found in the selected patient are the signs/symptoms present that are supporting the diagnosis.


title: Nursing diagnosis

text: The diagnostic process requires a nurse to use critical thinking. In addition to knowing the nursing diagnoses and their definitions, the nurse becomes aware of defining characteristics and behaviors of the diagnoses, related factors to the diagnoses, and the interventions suited for treating the diagnoses.


title: Nursing diagnosis

text: The following are nursing diagnoses arising from the nursing literature with varying degrees of authentication by ICNP or NANDA-I standards.


title: Lalah Hathaway

text: In 1990 Hathaway released her self-titled album. Soon after releasing, "A Moment" in 1994, debuting at number 34 on the Top R&B albums chart. In 1999 she collaborated with Joe Sample on the album "The Song Lives On". After a five-year hiatus, she returned with her fourth album, "Outrun the Sky" (2004). The single "Forever, For Always, For Love" peaked at number 1 on the Hot Adult R&B Airplay.


title: Lalah Hathaway

text: Stax Records released her fifth album "Self Portrait" in 2008. It debuted at number 63 on the Billboard 200 and reached the top 10 on the Top R&B albums chart, making this album her most successful album to date. She is the daughter of American soul singer and musician Donny Hathaway. According to her website in March 2020 Hathaway is working on a studio album entitled, "L.A.L.A.H. Rebirth". Hathaway received an honorary doctorate from Berklee College of Music in 2022.


title: Lalah Hathaway

text: In 1990 Hathaway released her self-titled first album, which she recorded while still a student at Berklee College of Music. The album debuted at number 191 on the "Billboard" Hot 200 and number 18 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.


title: Lalah Hathaway

text: In July 1991, a version of Sly Stone's "Family Affair" was released by a Heaven 17 side-project called the BEF (British Electric Foundation) which featured Lalah Hathaway on vocals. This cover would reach number 37 on the Gallup/Top of The Pops/UK Singles Chart Top 40, the only record by the BEF to do so (away from regular Heaven 17 releases).


title: Lalah Hathaway

text: In 1992, Hathaway sang lead vocals on the single "Love Like This" released by Grover Washington Jr. from his Next Exit album.


title: Lalah Hathaway

text: In 1994, "A Moment" debuted at number 34 on the Top R&B albums chart and number 23 on the Heatseekers chart.


title: Lalah Hathaway

text: She worked with established musicians such as Mary J. Blige, Marcus Miller, Take 6, and The Winans, writing, producing, and singing background vocals. In 1999, she joined GRP and collaborated with Joe Sample on "The Song Lives On", which reached No. 2 on the jazz album chart. It became her second debut on the "Billboard" Hot 200 and later charted on Top R&B album chart.


title: Lalah Hathaway

text: In 2004, she released a cover version of Luther Vandross's song "Forever, for Always, for Love". The song appeared on the all-star tribute album "Forever, for Always, for Luther" and on her fourth album "Outrun the Sky". It reached number 1 on the Adult R&B chart. "Forever, for Always, for Love" became her first single to chart on the "Billboard" Hot 100, charting at number 112 and number 37 on the Hot R&B. Her first solo album in five years was produced by Rex Rideout, Mike City, and Chris Parks.


title: Lalah Hathaway

text: Hathaway was featured on Donald Lawrence's debut solo album "I Speak Life" as a lead vocalist on "Don't Forget to Remember". In 2005, she was seen on the international Daughters of Soul tour with Sandra St. Victor, Nona Hendryx, Simone, and Joyce Kennedy.


title: Lalah Hathaway

text: After Stax signed Hathaway she stated, "The foundation of soul music is rooted in Stax Records. Working with Maurice White on the Interpretations project was more than special to me. There is no higher compliment than to be signed to a label whose music is timeless. I'm proud to carry the torch that will continue to bring quality soul music to a new audience."


title: Lalah Hathaway

text: Her first single was "Love's Holiday" from the Earth, Wind & Fire tribute album "Interpretations". In April 2008, Stax released "Let Go", which debuted at number 51 on the Hot R&B chart and number 16 on the Hot Adult R&B. In June 2008, "Self Portrait" was released. Collaborating again with producer Rex Rideout and working with Rahsaan Patterson and Sandra St. Victor, "Self Portrait" became her most successful album to date, debuting at number 6 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart and number 63 on the Hot 200.


title: Lalah Hathaway

text: After the release of "Self Portrait", Hathaway went on tour beginning in July 2008. The Self Portrait Tour contained 10 tour dates in America and a collection of songs from her previous albums, "Lalah Hathaway" and "Outrun the Sky" and a few songs from "Self Portrait". The tour only reached America. In late 2008, "That Was Then" was released as the album's second single. The single debuted at number 105 on the Hot R&B chart and number 32 on the Hot Adult R&B Airplay.


title: Lalah Hathaway

text: In November 2008, Hathaway joined Will Downing and Gerald Albright for the Soulful Chr*stmas Tour in Washington, D.C., Memphis, Dallas, Houston, Indianapolis, Chicago, Detroit, Philadelphia, St. Louis, and Atlanta. In January 2009, she appeared on Black Entertainment Television in an interview and performed before an audience. She continued to support the album and was scheduled to perform at the Capital Jazz Festival in Columbia, Maryland, the Essence Music Festival in New Orleans, and Circle of Promise, which took place in July 2009. In December 2009 she won the Song of the Year award in the SoulTracks Readers' Choice Award for her duet with singer Eric Roberson on "Dealing".


title: Lalah Hathaway

text: During the recording process of her fifth studio album she stated, "I don't necessarily want to fit into what's happening now, but I want to stand with it, doing my own thing. I would really love it if people need the record. I put a lot of myself into this album, so I hope people can hear me and understand who I am."


title: Lalah Hathaway

text: Although she has created a space for herself, Hathaway remains connected to her late father and his classic sound. She has stated, "I am his daughter and that's the truth of who I am, every day. When I was 15, and then, 20, I didn't get why people were asking me how I felt about him and his music. But when I turned 25, I began to understand. Like my father, I want to leave a legacy of music that makes people really feel something, whether it be happiness, sadness, grief or heartache. I also want them to appreciate my humor which I know can be difficult to interpret in a song."


title: Lalah Hathaway

text: Hathaway masters a rare type of multiphonic ("overtone") singing which allows her to "split" her voice and sing several notes at the same time. Hathaway earned her first career GRAMMY for 2013 for Best R&B Performance for "Something" with Snarky Puppy, where she displayed this ability.


title: Lalah Hathaway

text: Between album projects, Hathaway, who has recorded collaborations with Marcus Miller, Meshell Ndegeocello, and Mary J. Blige, keeps her creativity nourished by contributing her voice to Daughters of Soul Tour, a musical mélange founded by Sandra St. Victor and featuring Nona Hendryx, Joyce Kennedy, as well as Indira and Simone, daughters of Chaka Khan and Nina Simone.


title: Lalah Hathaway

text: Although it might seem that "On Your Own" from "Self Portrait", which reunites her with Rex Rideout and Rahsaan Patterson, is inspired by a past heartbreak, the idea for the song came to her in a dream. While Hathaway is often known for singing down tempo songs, during the period of 2004 and 2008, she had done mid-tempo songs such as "Let Go", "Let Me Love You", and "Better and Better". Keeping with the theme of her family, she often journeys back to her childhood with "Little Girl", which she co-produced with Rex Rideout, Rahsaan Patterson, and Sandra St. Victor.


title: Lalah Hathaway

text: On stage, Hathaway often performs songs longer than their album equivalents, with many exceeding the five-minute mark and occasionally with new arrangements. Hathaway's band generally consists of a keyboardist, guitarist, bassist, and drummer. Hathaway's vocal prowess has led to audiences demanding her microphone be turned up in the mix during live performances. Dawn E. Robinson of VocalMusician.com stated in a review: "The sound in the house was strange – the band was really too loud all evening. Even when the sound guy turned Lalah's vocals up (at the audience's request), the band got louder. I got the impression that the sound onstage was good though, because none of the singers appeared to be over-singing."


title: Mail merge

text: Mail merge consists of combining mail and letters and pre-addressed envelopes or mailing labels for mass mailings from a form letter.


title: Mail merge

text: This feature is usually employed in a word processing document which contains fixed text (which is the same in each output document) and variables (which act as placeholders that are replaced by text from the data source word to word).


title: Mail merge

text: It is a powerful tool for writing a personalized letter or e-mail to many people at the same time. It imports data from another source such as a spreadsheet and then uses that to replace placeholders throughout the message with the relevant information for each individual that is being messaged.


title: Mail merge

text: Mail merge dates back to early word processors on personal computers, circa 1980. WordStar was perhaps the earliest to provide this, originally via an ancillary program called Mail merge. WordPerfect also offered this capacity for CP/M and MS-DOS systems; Microsoft Word added it later on,


title: Mail merge

text: Money can be saved by pre-sorting on zip code and grouping by postal-discount requirements (same ZIP code, same SCF).


title: Mail merge

text: Going beyond words, in 2018 "The New York Times" detailed a further instance of "mass customization" - personalized videos.


title: Mail merge

text: The data source is typically a spreadsheet or a database which has a field or column for each variable in the template. When the mail merge process is run, the word processing system creates an output document for each row in the database, using the fixed text exactly as it appears.


title: Mail merge

text: A common usage is for creating "personalized" letters, where a template is created, with a field for "Given Name", for example. The templated letter says "Dear <Given Name>", and when executed, the mail merge creates a letter for each record in the database, so it appears the letter is more personal. It is often used for variable data printing. It can also be used to create address labels from a customer relationship management database, or for mass emails with pertinent information in them, perhaps a username and password.


title: Deoghar

text: Deoghar (pronounced "Devaghar") is a major city in Jharkhand, India. It is a holy sacred place of Hinduism. It is one of the 12 "Jyotirlinga"s sites of Hinduism (Baidyanath Temple). The sacred temples of the city make this a place for pilgrimage and tourists. The city is administrative headquarter of Deoghar District at Santhal Parganas division of Jharkhand.


title: Deoghar

text: Deoghar is a Hindi word and the literal meaning of ‘Deoghar’ is abode (‘ghar’) of the Gods and Goddesses (‘dev’). Deoghar is also known as “Baidyanath Dham”, “Baba Dham”, “B. Deoghar”. The origin of Baidyanathdham is lost in antiquity. It has been referred to as Haritakivan or Ketakivan in Sanskrit Texts. The name Deoghar seems to be of recent origin and probably dates from the erection of the great temple of Lord Baidyanath. Although the name of the builder of the temple is not traceable, certain parts of the front portion of the temple are said to have been built by Puran Mal, an ancestor of the Maharaja of Giddhour, in 1596. Deoghar is a place of worship for Lord Shiva, in the month of Shravan many devotees take ganga jal from Sultanganj to Deoghar for worship and they get the desired wish of their life.


title: Deoghar

text: Deoghar, also known as Baidyanath Dham, is an important Hindu pilgrimage site. It is one of the twelve and also one of the 51, and is famous for the mela of Shrawan, 4th month according to the Hindu calendar system. It is, along with Shrisailam, one of the few places in India where the Jyotirlinga and the Shaktipeeth are together, lying side beside each other. Each year between July and August (on the eve of the month of Shrawan) in Deoghar Yatra, about 7 to 8 million devotees come from various part of India bringing holy water from various areas of Ganges at Sultanganj, which is almost from Deoghar, in order to offer it to Lord Shiva. During that month, a line of people in saffron-dyed clothes stretches over the full . It is the longest Mela of Asia.


title: Deoghar

text: The temple of Baidyanath or Lord Shiva is the most important of all the temples in the courtyard. The temple faces the east and is a plain stone structure with a pyramidal tower, 72 feet tall. The top contains three ascending shaped gold vessels that are compactly set, and were donated by the Maharaja of Giddhaur. Besides these pitcher shaped vessels, there is a Punchsula (five knives in a trident shape), which is rare. In the inner top, there is an eight-petaled lotus jewel called Chandrakanta Mani.


title: Deoghar

text: Deoghar is located at . It has an average elevation of 255 metres (833 feet). It is a part of the Indian peninsular plateau which forms a part of the oldest landmass on Earth, Gondwana land. Deoghar is situated on the bank of Ajay river (which originates from Batpar village of Jamui district in Bihar) and its tributary Dadhawa river (which originates from Purnia Lake near Karangarh village in Jamui district of Bihar). The city is surrounded with various small relict hills such as Dighriya Pahaad, Nandan Pahaad, Trikuti Pahaad, and Tapovan Pahaad. Dighriya Pahaad forms the western boundary of the city and there is a national park being constructed on these hills. Nandan Pahaad is a children's amusement place and serves as one of the principal recreational places in the city. Tapovan Pahaad has its cultural relevance found in Hindu scriptures. It is one of the amusement places in the city and serves as a habitat for monkeys.


title: Deoghar

text: According to the 2011 Census of India, Deoghar had a total population of 203,123, of which 107,997 (53%) were males and 95,126 (47%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 2,6893 (13%). The total number of literate persons in Deoghar was 150,988 out of which 85,439 are males while 65,549 are females. Average literacy rate of Deoghar city is 85.68 percent of which male and female literacy was 91.24 and 79.37 percent.


title: Deoghar

text: Hinduism is the prominent religion in Deoghar followed by 94.30 % of the population. Islam is second most followed religion in city by 4.96 % of the people. Minorities are Christians 0.53 %, Jainism by 0.07 %, Sikhism by 0.03 % and Buddhism by 0.03 %. Around 0.04 % stated other religion and approximately 0.04 % stated 'no particular religion.


title: Deoghar

text: The Economy of Deoghar is largely dependent on religious tourism and hospitality. Deoghar is the fifth largest city in the state of Jharkhand, and one of the major industrial hubs.


title: Deoghar

text: Industry in Deoghar is mainly based on IT, agriculture, hospitality, petroleum, tourism, and in the service sector. Hotels like Amrapali Clarks Inn (a collab of Amrapali Groups & Clarks Inn Group of Hotels), Hotel Imperial Heights, etc. are renowned groups of hospitality industry here. Various small and middle scale industries are present in Deoghar - HIL Ltd, MR Real Food, Shree Guru Agrotech, PDRD Rice Mill, Tulsi Agro Foods. Some large industrial projects are also present:


title: Deoghar

text: Indian Oil Corporation has one of its terminals in Deoghar. This is located at Badladih, Jasidih. This has a huge capacity for employment. After the opening and coming of this terminal, the unemployment rate has decreased because of many people getting jobs from this company.


title: Deoghar

text: Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) is a company / organization which promotes IT and technology industries. This company has set up many IT park branches in many cities such as Bangalore, Hyderabad, Patna and Ranchi. Same as the others, it has set up another IT Park branch in Deoghar. It is almost completed and opened.


title: Deoghar

text: Deoghar city is usually referred to as the cultural capital of Jharkhand. The official languages of the city of Deoghar are Hindi and Khortha, while other native languages like Angika and Santhali are also spoken.


title: Deoghar

text: Deoghar is served by Deoghar Airport (IATA: DGH, ICAO: VEDO), which is approximately 12 km (7.4 mi) from the city centre. The airport was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on July 12, 2022. As of now IndiGo operates it's flight services only for Kolkata and Delhi. Flights for some other destinations that includes both Ranchi, Patna and Bengaluru are expected to start in upcoming months.


title: Deoghar

text: Jasidih Junction is the nearest train station serving Deoghar. It is located on the Delhi-Patna-Kolkata train route.


title: Deoghar

text: Deoghar Junction is the railway station located in the city. It is on the Jasidih-Dumka-Rampurhat & Jasidih-Banka-Bhagalpur line. There are trains to Ranchi, Dumka, Rampurhat, Munger, Bhagalpur, Banka, Agartala etc


title: Bridget Jones (film series)

text: The Bridget Jones film series, consists of English romantic-comedies, based on the Helen Fielding authored novels of the same name. Starring Renée Zellweger in the titular role, with an ensemble supporting cast, the movies follow the life events of primary characters Bridget Jones, Mark Darcy, and Daniel Cleaver and explores their respective relationships.


title: Bridget Jones (film series)

text: The first film was a success at the box office, and was met with praise from critics. The received more mixed critical reception, but was commercially successful. The third film was met with both critical and commercial success. A fourth film was confirmed to be in active development in October 2022.


title: Bridget Jones (film series)

text: Bridget Jones is a binge drinking, chain smoking, and out of shape thirty-something British woman trying to keep her love life in order while also dealing with her job as a publisher. When she attends a Christmas party with her parents, they try to set her up with their neighbours' son, Mark. After being snubbed by Mark, she starts to fall for her boss Daniel, a handsome man who begins to send her suggestive e-mails that leads to a dinner date. Daniel reveals that he and Mark attended college together, in that time Mark had an affair with his fiancée. Bridget decides to get a new job as a TV presenter after finding Daniel being frisky with a colleague. At a dinner party, she runs into Mark who expresses his affection for her, Daniel claims he wants Bridget back, the two fight over her and Bridget must make a decision who she wants to be with.


title: Bridget Jones (film series)

text: Bridget is currently living a happy life with her lawyer boyfriend Mark Darcy, however not only does she starts to become threatened and jealous of Mark's new young intern, she is angered by the fact Mark is a conservative voter. With so many issues already at hand, things get worse for Bridget as her ex-lover, Daniel Cleaver, re-enters her life; the only help she has are her friends and her reliable diary.


title: Bridget Jones (film series)

text: Bridget Jones is struggling with her current state of life, including her break up with her love Mark Darcy. As she pushes forward and works hard to find fulfilment in her life seems to do wonders until she meets a dashing and handsome American named Jack Quant. Things from then on go great, until she discovers that she is pregnant but the biggest twist of all, she does not know if Mark or Jack is the father of her child.


title: Bridget Jones (film series)

text: In October 2022, Fielding told the "Radio Times" that a sequel was in the works, and the film would loosely adapt her 2013 novel "Mad About the Boy".


title: Bridget Jones (film series)

text: Renée Zellweger was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress, the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role, the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress, the Empire Award for Best Actress, the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, the MTV Movie Award for Best Kiss (shared with Colin Firth), the Satellite Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role, the Teen Choice Award for Choice Chemistry (shared with Hugh Grant), the Teen Choice Award for Choice Liplock (shared with Grant), and the Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress.


title: Bridget Jones (film series)

text: Firth won the European Film Awards Audience Award for Best Actor and the European Film Award – Jameson People's Choice Award – Best Actor and was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role and the Satellite Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy. Grant won the Evening Standard British Film Awards' Peter Sellers Award for Comedy and was nominated for the Empire Award for Best British Actor, the Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, and the European Film Award – Jameson People's Choice Award – Best Actor. Richard Curtis, Andrew Davies, and Helen Fielding were nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. The film was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best British Film, the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, and the Satellite Award for Best Film – Musical or Comedy.


title: Bridget Jones (film series)

text: The film was voted Evening Standard Readers' Film of 2004. It was on the shortlist for the Orange Film of the Year Award at the 2005 BAFTAs. For her performance as Bridget Jones, Zellweger gained another Golden Globe Award nomination and won the People's Choice Awards for Favorite Leading Lady in 2005.


title: Bridget Jones (film series)

text: The film was nominated at the 2017 Diversity in Media Awards for Movie of the Year and won the ASPAC Award.


title: Bridget Jones (film series)

text: The first film on VHS was released in 2001 containing over 35 minutes of bonus material which includes: Deleted Scenes, Exclusive Interviews, Bridget's Guide to “Getting It Right”. There was also a VHS of "The Making of Bridget Jones". In 2001 the film was released on DVD containing brand new bonus material and in 2011 a Blu-ray version of the film was released. A Collective Edition of the film was released in 2004 with new bonus material including; The Bridget Phenomenon, The Young And The Mateless, Portrait Of The Makeup Artist, Domestic and International TV Spots, Bridget Jones: The Edge Of Reason Theatrical Trailer, Bridget Jones's Diary Reviews and A Guide to Bridget Britishism.


title: Sylvia Miles

text: Sylvia Miles (née Scheinwald; September 9, 1924 – June 12, 2019) was an American actress. She was twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performances in "Midnight Cowboy" (1969) and "Farewell, My Lovely" (1975).


title: Sylvia Miles

text: Miles was a fixture in New York City society, having lived there her entire life. She performed in many Off-broadway shows, including starring in a one-woman musical based on her life, titled "It's Me, Sylvia!" in 1981. A documentary about her life titled "I Was Always Sylvia" aired on New York City public television channel WNET as part of "The 51st State" series.


title: Sylvia Miles

text: Miles was born and raised in Greenwich Village, New York City. She was the second daughter of Jewish parents, Belle (née Feldman) and Reuben Scheinwald, a furniture maker. She was educated at Washington Irving High School and the Actors Studio.


title: Sylvia Miles

text: Miles began her career on stage in 1947 and on television and film in 1954. In the early 1960s, she played the role of Sally Rogers in the pilot episode of what would become "The Dick Van Dyke Show", which was later taken by Rose Marie for the series. She appeared Off-Broadway in “Ruthless!” The Musical (1992) at the Players Theatre, NYC, playing Sylvia St. Croix (originally played by Joel Vig in drag); she was one of the few females to play the role. She appeared on Broadway in two productions, most notably the 1976 revival of "The Night of the Iguana".


title: Sylvia Miles

text: Miles was cast in the film "Midnight Cowboy" (1969) as an aging Park Avenue kept-woman, who invites Joe Buck (Jon Voight) up to her penthouse apartment for sex—another role in which Miles showed off her voluptuous figure (cf. as Red in "The Thin White Line," "Route 66", S2E11). The role earned her an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress, although she appeared on-screen for about six minutes. She received a second Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actress for her slightly larger role (eight minutes) in "Farewell, My Lovely" (1975).


title: Sylvia Miles

text: Miles had a role in the Indian suspense film "Shalimar" (1978). She appeared in "Evil Under the Sun" (1982), the film version of Agatha Christie's novel of the same name, portraying a Broadway producer, one of her more mainstream film roles. She played real-estate agent Dolores in the Oliver Stone film "Wall Street" (1987), a role she reprised in "" (2010).


title: Sylvia Miles

text: Wayland Flowers and his puppet Madame first uttered the widely quoted line, "Sylvia Miles and Andy Warhol would attend the opening of an envelope". In 1976, "People" magazine repeated the joke without citing a source. Miles starred in Warhol's feature film "Heat" (1972). appearing in a long lingering scene nude with Joe Dallesandro She was also featured in mainstream films including "92 in the Shade", "Critical Condition", "The Great Scout & Cathouse Thursday", "Crossing Delancey", and the 1989 comedy "She-Devil", in which she played the mother of Meryl Streep's character.


title: Sylvia Miles

text: In a New York restaurant in 1973, Miles publicly dumped a plate of food onto critic John Simon's head for his negative comments about her in a review of a play she starred in.


title: Sylvia Miles

text: In 1975, Miles complained about being typecast as a prostitute in almost all of her then 14 movies and 26 off-Broadway plays to date. "Do I look like a prostitute? What does a hooker look like, anyway? Me?"


title: Sylvia Miles

text: In her final years, Miles appeared in a few roles on television such as "Sex and the City" and "One Life to Live", and in the films "Go Go Tales" and "Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps".


title: Sylvia Miles

text: In 1948, Miles married William Myers, but the couple divorced two years later. From 1952 to 1958, she was married to Gerald Price. From 1963 to 1970, she was married to radio disc jockey Ted Brown. Brown cited Miles' lack of desire to have children as the main cause for their divorce.


title: Sylvia Miles

text: Miles died on June 12, 2019 while en route to Mount Sinai Hospital in Manhattan at the age of 94. She had been in declining health in recent years and was in nursing home care in her final months. During Miles' final years she was suffering from anemia and respiratory issues.


title: Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia

text: Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia (; 27 January 1708 – 4 March 1728) was the eldest daughter of Emperor Peter I of Russia and his wife Empress Catherine I. Her younger sister, Empress Elizabeth, ruled between 1741 and 1762. While a potential heir in the reign of her nephew Peter II, she never acceded to the throne due to political reasons. However, her son Peter III became Emperor in 1762, succeeding Elizabeth.


title: Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia

text: She was the Duchess Consort of Holstein-Gottorp by marriage. She was born in Moscow and died in Kiel in her youth, at the age of 20.


title: Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia

text: Anna and Elizabeth were born out of wedlock, although their parents were married in 1712 and they were later legitimized. Their earlier illegitimacy would pose great challenges for their marriages.


title: Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia

text: Anna grew up in the houses of Peter's younger sister Natalia and Prince Alexander Menshikov. Although born illegitimate, she and her younger sister Elizabeth were awarded the titles of "princess" ("tsarevna") on 6 March 1711 and "crown princess" ("tsesarevna") on 23 December 1721.


title: Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia

text: Peter planned to marry his daughters to foreign princes in order to gain European allies for the Russian Empire. The two girls were educated with this aim in mind, learning literature, writing, embroidery, dancing and etiquette. Anna developed into an intelligent, well-read girl who spoke four foreign languages – French, German, Italian and Swedish.


title: Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia

text: Anna's shyness was evident at an early age. One witness describes the amusing hitch that once occurred during the traditional exchanging of Easter kisses. When the duke of Holstein-Gottorp tried to kiss the fourteen-year-old Anna, she turned bright red in embarrassment, while her younger sister "immediately stuck out her little pink mouth for a kiss."


title: Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia

text: Foreign visitors to the Russian court were struck by the uncommon beauty of Anna. The dark-eyed Anna looked more like her father and was considered more level-headed and intelligent than her younger sister, the fair-haired Elizabeth. A contemporary described Anna: "She was a beautiful soul in a beautiful body ... both in appearance and in manners, she was [her father’s] complete likeness, particularly in her character and mind ... set off by her kind heart."


title: Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia

text: On 17 March 1721, Karl Friedrich arrived in Imperial Russia to get acquainted with his future wife and father-in-law. He aspired to use the marriage in order to ensure Russia's support for his plans of retrieving Schleswig from Denmark. He also entertained hopes of being backed up by Russia in his claims to the Swedish throne. Under the terms of the Treaty of Nystad Russia promised not to interfere in the internal affairs of Sweden, so his hopes proved ill-founded.


title: Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia

text: Another possible candidate as a husband was Prince Louis d’Orléans, Duke of Orléans, a son of Prince Philippe II d’Orléans, Duke of Orléans and his wife Madame Françoise Marie de Bourbon (an illegitimate daughter of King Louis XIV of France and his Chief Mistress, Françoise-Athénaïs, Madame de Montespan). The marriage proposal was ignored due to a difference in style of address. Anna was addressed as Her Imperial Highness and Louis was as His Serene Highness.


title: Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia

text: As a favorite child of Peter the Great, Anna's name day (3 February) was taken to be a national holiday in 1724.


title: Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia

text: On 22 November 1724, the marriage contract was signed between Karl Friedrich and Peter. By this contract, Anna and Karl Friedrich renounced all rights and claims to the crown of the Russian Empire on behalf of themselves and their descendants. However a secret clause allowed the Emperor to name a successor out of any issue from the marriage. As a result of this clause, the Emperor secured the right to name any of his descendants as his successor on the Russian throne.


title: Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia

text: A few months thereafter, by January 1725, Peter the Great fell mortally ill. As the story goes, on his deathbed he managed to spell the words: "to give all...", but could not continue further and sent for Anna to dictate his last will to her. By the time the princess arrived, the Emperor could not pronounce a single word. Based on the story, some historians speculated that Peter's wish was to leave the throne to Anna, but this is not confirmed.


title: Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia

text: After the accession of her mother Catherine I, a grand wedding was held for Anna in Trinity Cathedral, Saint Petersburg on 21 May 1725. The wedding party then crossed the River Neva to the Summer Garden, where Mikhail Zemtsov had designed a special banqueting hall for the occasion.


title: Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia

text: The tables were set with all sorts of delicacies, including enormous pies. When the orchestra began to play, male and female dwarves jumped out of the pies and began to dance on the tables. Each toast was accompanied by cannon fire from a nearby yacht and the guards regiments positioned on Tsaritsa Meadow. The following day, everyone was invited to Peterhof, where the banqueting and dancing continued in the Upper Palace.


title: Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia

text: Carl Friedrich and Anna spent the next two years in Saint Petersburg. Catherine I made her son-in-law a lieutenant colonel of the Preobrazhensky Regiment and a member of the Supreme Privy Council. He began to play an important role in the life of the Russian Empire and foreign diplomats predicted that the empress would name Anna as her successor.


title: Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia

text: The Duke was admitted into the newly established Supreme Secret Council and exerted a moderate influence on Russian politics. Catherine I's death in 1727 made his position precarious, as the power shifted to the hands of Alexander Menshikov, who aspired to marry the young emperor, Peter II, to his own daughter, Maria Menshikov. A quarrel between the Duke and Menshikov resulted in the former's withdrawing to Holstein on 25 July 1727.


title: Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia

text: Before her departure for Holstein, Anna was asked to sign a receipt for all the money awarded to her as her dowry. For a long time, the document was not accepted by the government, because it gave the old title of Peter's daughter – Tsesarevna (crown princess of Russia). Now, she was not the Crown Princess.


title: Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia

text: On 25 July 1727, Anna and her husband left Saint Petersburg for Kiel. When they arrived in the capital of Holstein, the duke underwent a personality change. Merry and gallant in Saint Petersburg, he was now a rude, drunken boor. He spent his time in the rowdy company of friends and other women, leaving his wife, now pregnant, entirely on her own.


title: Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia

text: In Kiel, Anna would spend her days writing long, tearful letters to her sister Elizabeth. Semyon Mordvinov, a lieutenant in the Russian navy, remembers Anna crying bitterly when she gave him her mail to take back to Russia. In one such letter to Elizabeth, she writes: “Not a day passes without my weeping for you, my dear sister!”


title: Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia

text: On 21 February 1728, Anna gave birth in Kiel Castle to a son named Carl Peter Ulrich, the future Peter III of Russia. Peter would found the House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov that would go on to rule Russia until the early 20th-century. A few days after his birth, the barely twenty-year-old duchess caught puerperal fever and died on 4 March 1728. In memory of his wife, Karl Friedrich founded the Order of St Anna, which subsequently became a Russian decoration.


title: Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia

text: Before her death, Anna Petrovna had asked to be buried alongside her father in Saint Petersburg. Two ships, the "Raphael" and the "Cruiser", were dispatched to Kiel for Anna's body. The coffin was transported up the River Neva on a galley, with long black crêpe hanging overboard, trailing in the water. On 12 November 1728, Anna was laid to rest next to her parents in the still unfinished St Peter and St Paul Cathedral.


title: Jesse Hughes (musician)

text: Jesse Everett Hughes (born September 24, 1972) is an American singer and musician. He is best known as the frontman of the rock band Eagles of Death Metal, with whom he has recorded four studio albums and a live album. Hughes is also known for his solo career under the moniker Boots Electric.


title: Jesse Hughes (musician)

text: Jesse Everett Hughes was born in Greenville, South Carolina, on September 24, 1972. At age seven, he moved with his mother Jo Ellen to Palm Desert, California. In high school, he met Josh Homme, and they became good friends after Homme stopped a bully from picking on Hughes. He graduated from Greenville Technical College with a degree in journalism and worked as the manager of a video depot in Palm Desert for several years.


title: Jesse Hughes (musician)

text: Hughes and Homme formed Eagles of Death Metal in 1998. Hughes credits Homme with saving his life, claiming that during the recording of the second Eagles of Death Metal album "Death By Sexy", he fell into serious drug addiction and that Homme not only drove him to rehabilitation, but paid for it as well.