title: Snubnosed revolver

text: The Smith & Wesson Governor is a 6-shot, snubnosed (2.75-inch barrel), double-action revolver built on the Z-frame (a stretched N-frame) and utilizes a K-frame grip with a lightweight scandium alloy or stainless steel frame. Introduced in 2011, and similar to the Taurus Judge, the Governor can also fire -inch .410 shotgun shells, .45 Colt, and .45 ACP (with the use of supplied moon clips due to the lack of a rim on the auto pistol cartridges).


title: Snubnosed revolver

text: All of the traits that make snubnosed revolvers ideal for concealed carry also make them excellent trail guns, so much so that the .44 Magnum "Smith and Wesson Trail Boss" and "Ruger Alaskan" were specifically made for that purpose. They are also capable of using a wide range of .44 Special and .44 Magnum ammunition, including snake shot. As a result, these large-caliber snubnosed revolvers can provide effective defense from snakes, wolves, mountain lions, and even large brown bears.


title: Snubnosed revolver

text: Small-frame, lightweight .38 Special and .357 Magnum revolvers are also ideally suited for hikers and backpackers. Easily carried in a pocket, small holster, or fanny-pack, snubnosed revolvers like the Smith & Wesson Model 340PD are ultra-light, five-shot, .357 Magnums. Constructed of lightweight, corrosion-resistant alloys, its cylinder is made of titanium, its frame and its barrel are made of scandium (an enhanced aluminum alloy), and its barrel has a stainless steel barrel liner. Unloaded, it weighs only and when loaded it remains under . While not as powerful as .44 Magnum, a .357 Magnum can easily kill coyotes and large feral dogs.


title: Snubnosed revolver

text: The Taurus Judge and the Smith & Wesson Governor are also highly touted trail guns capable of firing .410 gauge shotgun shells and .45 Colt and for the Governor .45ACP ammo as well. When loaded with Winchester Supreme Elite .410 shells packed with three 71-grain disks and twelve BB pellets, these trail guns can kill anything from snakes to wolves.


title: Snubnosed revolver

text: Like most big-caliber handguns, the S&W Model 500 Emergency Survival revolver is suitable for sport, hunting, and survival applications. The high-energy .500 S&W Magnum rounds can kill extremely large Brown bears, Polar bears, and even the African Big Five. The Model 500 can fire a bullet weighing 350 gr (22.7g; 0.8 oz) at 1,975 feet per second (602 m/s) generating a muzzle energy of over . Commercial loadings are available in bullet weights ranging from 275 gr to 700 gr. The Model 500 can produce massive amounts of recoil and supreme stopping power, this cartridge is unrivaled in power in the handgun world. The Model 500 is also capable of firing the shorter .500 S&W Special cartridge. The Smith & Wesson Model 460 Emergency Survival is essentially the same gun in .460 S&W Magnum. It can also shoot .454 Casull and .45 Colt.


title: Snubnosed revolver

text: There is a surprising range of aftermarket accessories available for the snubnosed revolvers, including grips, speedloaders, and holsters. There are also hammer shrouds and hammer shroud grips (Bianchi Lightning Grip) that convert standard exposed hammer revolvers to "bodyguard" models. The Pocket-Safe Hammer Shroud is a pop-on plastic device that covers the hammer, keeping it from snagging on clothing, and pops off when the trigger is pulled. There is a wide range of lasers available, with the Crimson Trace laser grips standing out among them. The Barami Hip-Grip is a "set of grips for revolvers with a paddle or wing added on the right-hand side. The wing hooks onto your belt and keeps the snubbie where you put it."


title: Prince Hashem bin Abdullah

text: Prince Hashem bin Abdullah (; born 30 January 2005) is the fourth child and second son of King Abdullah II of Jordan and Queen Rania. Prince Hashem is part of the Hashemite family and is reportedly the 42nd-generation direct descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He shares his birthday with his father and is second in line to the Jordanian throne, after his elder brother, Crown Prince Hussein. He currently studies at King's Academy, a boarding in Madaba.


title: Chicago Med (season 2)

text: The second season of "Chicago Med", an American medical drama television series with executive producer Dick Wolf, and producers Michael Brandt, Peter Jankowski, Andrew Schneider and René Balcer The second season premiered September 22, 2016 and concluded on May 11, 2017. The season contained 23 episodes.


title: Chicago Med (season 2)

text: "Chicago Med" focuses on the emergency department at Gaffney Chicago Medical Center and on its doctors and nurses as they work to save patients' lives.


title: Chicago Med (season 2)

text: After appearing in the season 1 finale, Jeff Hephner appeared as former firefighter, current fourth-year med student Jeff Clarke for multiple episodes in season 2. Mekia Cox joins the cast as Dr. Robin Charles, an epidemiologist and daughter of Dr. Daniel Charles, in a recurring role.


title: Jack Deam

text: Jack Deam (born Ian Deam; 1972) is an English actor. He used his grandfather's name for his stage name. His most notable performances have been as the pyromaniac Marty Fisher, who has Tourette syndrome, in Channel 4's comedy drama series, "Shameless", and as Inspector Mallory in "Father Brown".


title: Jack Deam

text: In 1990, Deam appeared in the Granada TV soap opera "Families", a show about two families, one from Cheshire, the other in Australia, notably alongside Jude Law.


title: Jack Deam

text: In 1992, he appeared in a few episodes of "Heartbeat" as Alan Maskell and returned to the series in 2004 as Jake Clarke. He also appeared in the TV mini series "The Life and Times of Henry Pratt". He played the lead role as older Henry Pratt, whilst little Henry Pratt was played by Andrew Nicholson and young Henry Pratt was played by Bryan Dick.


title: Jack Deam

text: In 1993, he played Vinnie, a young soldier for the King's Fusiliers in the award-winning British drama "Soldier Soldier". He later joined the cast of "Clocking Off", written by Paul Abbott.


title: Jack Deam

text: In 1996, he briefly appeared as a policeman in Jimmy McGovern's one-off drama for ITV "Hillsborough", based on the 1989 Hillsborough disaster.


title: Jack Deam

text: In 1999, he appeared in an episode of "Queer As Folk", as a "Doctor Who"-obsessed fan, and had a one-night stand with Vince, one of the protagonists, before taking the role of Toyah Battersby's (Georgia Taylor) rapist Phil Simmonds on the long-running ITV soap opera "Coronation Street" in 2000.


title: Jack Deam

text: In 2004, Deam played Detective Sergeant Hanken in "In Pursuit of the Proper Sinner", an episode of "The Inspector Lynley Mysteries"


title: Jack Deam

text: In January 2007, he took part in "The Afternoon Play", a daytime BBC drama series consisting of short stories.


title: Jack Deam

text: He played Walter in the 2011 TV series "32 Brinkburn Street". 2014 saw Deam in a play called "Blindsided", by Simon Stephens, at the Royal Exchange, Manchester, alongside ex-Coronation Street Julie Hesmondhalgh (Hayley Cropper).


title: Jack Deam

text: In December 2019, he appeared as Leonard Wooley in "Agatha and the Curse of Ishtar", a fictionalized account of how Agatha Christie met Max Mallowan, who later became her second husband.


title: Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer

text: The Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer is an American World War II and Korean War era patrol bomber of the United States Navy derived from the Consolidated B-24 Liberator. The Navy had been using B-24s with only minor modifications as the PB4Y-1 Liberator, and along with maritime patrol Liberators used by RAF Coastal Command this type of patrol plane was proven successful. A fully navalised design was desired, and Consolidated developed a dedicated long-range patrol bomber in 1943, designated PB4Y-2 Privateer. In 1951, the type was redesignated P4Y-2 Privateer. A further designation change occurred in September 1962, when the remaining Navy Privateers (all having previously been converted to drone configuration as P4Y-2K) were redesignated QP-4B.


title: Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer

text: The Privateer was externally similar to the Liberator, but the fuselage was longer to accommodate a flight engineer's station, and it had a tall single vertical stabilizer rather than the B-24's twin tail configuration. The Navy wanted a flight engineer crewmember to reduce pilot fatigue on long duration over water patrols. The single vertical tail was adopted from the USAAF's canceled B-24N design (and was slightly taller on the Privateer) because it would increase stability at low to medium altitudes for maritime patrol. The Ford Motor Company, which produced B-24s for the United States Army Air Forces, had earlier built an experimental variant (B-24K) using a single tail. Aircraft handling was improved. The single tail design was used on the B-32 Dominator and PB4Y-2 and was slated for the US Army Air Forces' proposed B-24N production model to be built by Ford, but that order (for several thousand bombers) was canceled on 31 May 1945.


title: Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer

text: Defensive armament on the PB4Y-2 was increased to twelve .50-in (12.7 mm) M2 Browning machine guns in six power operated turrets (two dorsal, two waist, nose and tail); the B-24's ventral, retractable Sperry ball turret was omitted. Turbosuperchargers were not fitted to the Privateer's engines since maritime patrol missions were not usually flown at high altitude, improving performance and also saving weight.


title: Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer

text: The navigator's astrodome was moved from its (B-24/PB4Y-1) position on the aircraft's upper nose to behind the first dorsal gun turret. Electronic countermeasure (ECM), communication and radar antennas also protruded or were enclosed in fairings at various locations on the fuselage of the Privateer, including a manually retractable AN/APS-2 radome behind the nose wheel well.


title: Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer

text: The Navy eventually took delivery of 739 Privateers, the majority after the end of the war. Several PB4Y-2 squadrons saw operational service in the Pacific theater through August 1945 in the reconnaissance, search and rescue, electronic countermeasures, communication relay, and anti-shipping roles (the latter with the "Bat" radar-guided bomb).


title: Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer

text: The Privateer entered U.S. Navy service during late 1944, Patrol Bomber Squadrons 118 and 119 (VPB-118 and VPB-119) being the first Fleet squadrons to equip with the aircraft. The first overseas deployment began on 6 January 1945, when VPB-118 left for operations in the Marianas. On 2 March 1945 VPB-119 began "offensive search" missions out of Clark Field, Luzon in the Philippines, flying sectored searches of the seas and coastlines extending from the Gulf of Tonkin in the south, along the Chinese coast, and beyond Okinawa in the north.


title: Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer

text: Privateers were used as typhoon/hurricane hunters from 1945 to the mid-1950s. One aircraft, designated BuNo 59415 of VPB-119, went down when it experienced mechanical trouble while investigating a Category 1 typhoon near Batan Island in the Philippines. It attempted to land on the island, but was unable to do so and crashed. It was one of only six hurricane hunter flights that were ever lost, and the only one found. Another P4Y-2S, designated BuNo 59716 of Squadron VW-3 (formerly VJ-1), was lost during reconnaissance of Super Typhoon Doris on 16 December 1953. Flying out of NAS Agana, Guam, the Privateer with a crew of nine was tracking Typhoon Doris with sustained winds of 90-95 knots near the small island of Agrihan north of Guam. No sign of the crew nor wreckage of the plane was ever found.


title: Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer

text: PB4Y-2s were also used during the Korean War to fly "Firefly" night illumination missions dropping parachute flares to detect North Korean and Chinese seaborne infiltrators. In addition, Privateers were used by the U.S. Navy for signals intelligence (SIGINT) flights off of the coast of the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China. On 8 April 1950, Soviet La-11 fighters shot down a U.S. Navy PB4Y-2 Privateer (BuNo 59645) over the Baltic Sea, off the coast of Liepāja, Latvia. Named the "Turbulent Turtle", the aircraft was assigned to Patrol Squadron 26 (VP-26), Det A.


title: Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer

text: The French "Aéronavale" was supplied with Privateers via the Mutual Defense Assistance Act, which they used as bombers during the Indochina War and later operated out of Bizerte, Tunisia and Algiers.


title: Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer

text: All U.S. Navy PB4Y-2s were retired by 1954, though unarmed PB4Y-2G Privateers served until 1958 with the Coast Guard before being auctioned off for salvage.


title: Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer

text: The Navy dropped the patrol-bomber designation in 1951 and its remaining PB4Y-2s were redesignated P4Y-2 Privateer. (The earlier XP4Y-1 Corregidor was a completely different design, based on the Consolidated Model 31 twin-engine flying boat.) PB4Y-2s were still being used as drones in the 1950s/early 1960s, designated PB4Y-2K, and P4Y-2K after 1951. They were then redesignated QP-4B under the 1962 United States Tri-Service aircraft designation system, becoming part of the new patrol number series between the Lockheed P-3 Orion and the Martin P-5 Marlin.


title: Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer

text: A number of PB4Ys were supplied to the Republic of China Air Force for use in missions over the People's Republic of China. One was shot down by ground fire on 12 September 1954, near Xiamen, People's Republic of China. The crew of nine was killed. Another was shot down on 15 February 1961 by Burmese Hawker Sea Fury fighter aircraft, near the Thai-Burmese border, killing five members of the crew. Two other crew members were taken prisoner. This aircraft was carrying supplies for Chinese Kuomintang forces fighting in northern Burma.


title: Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer

text: A limited number of refitted PB4Ys and P4Ys continued in civilian service as airtankers, dropping fire retardant on forest fires throughout the western United States. On 18 July 2002, one such refitted P4Y, BuNo 66260 (seen in picture to right) operated by Hawkins and Powers Aviation of Greybull, Wyoming broke up in flight while fighting a wildfire near Rocky Mountain National Park. Both crew members were killed in the accident, and the Federal Aviation Administration temporarily grounded all large air tankers in the region. Despite the fact that the crash was the result of poor maintenance, and a much newer C-130 based aircraft also broke apart due to similar stresses, all remaining Privateers were retired. (See 2002 United States airtanker crashes.)


title: Beriev A-100

text: The Beriev A-100 is a Russian-built airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) aircraft based on the Il-76MD-90A transport aircraft. This aircraft is developed to replace the Beriev A-50 in Russian Air Force service. Avionics and configuration will be similar to the A-50U, but with a new Vega "Premier" Active Phased Array Radar.


title: Beriev A-100

text: The A-100 is also known as the Izdeliye PM, and is planned to reinforce and then replace Russia's current fleet of Beriev A-50 AEW&C aircraft. Its development contract was signed in 2006 with the Vega Radio Engineering Corporation. The aircraft is based on the improved Il-76MD-90A (Il-476), which is equipped with new PS-90A-76 turbofan engines that are 15% more powerful than the D-30KP used by the Il-76. The external shape of the A-100 will be similar to the A-50, with the main radar array housed in a rotating dome mounted on two struts above the fuselage. The new Vega "Premier" AESA radar in the dome will have electronic steering in elevation while azimuth is controlled by the rotation of the dome. The array will rotate once every 5 seconds, thus improving the radar's ability to track fast moving targets. In addition to the new radar, the A-100 will have a new electronic warfare suite, a new navigation system, and new communication systems, including a satellite communication antenna.


title: Beriev A-100

text: A flying laboratory, designated A-100LL and based on an A-50 airframe, is used to test the operation of the A-100's systems and help with their conception. It first flew on 21 April 2017.


title: Beriev A-100

text: In April 2020, it was said by a source in the Russian military industry that Russia's Aerospace Forces will begin taking delivery of the new Beriev A-100 in 2024, to complement and eventually replace the existing Beriev A-50 and A-50U AEW planes in the Aerospace Forces’ inventory today.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: Psychopathic Records is an American independent record label headquartered in Farmington Hills, Michigan. The label is most associated with the hip hop music subgenres horrorcore and rap rock. The label was founded in 1991 by Alex Abbiss and hip hop group Insane Clown Posse. The iconography of a man with a meat cleaver has been used for years as a symbol of the group, its fanbase, and its associates.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: In addition to producing music, Psychopathic also produces merchandise, video, and professional wrestling. Psychopathic runs its own manufacturing and distribution operations for merchandise, with nearly 30 full-time employees. In 2009–2010, the label had about $10 million in annual revenue. The recording studio for the label was called The Lotus Pod.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: Following the release of their 1991 EP "Bass-Ment Cuts", Detroit hip hop trio Inner City Posse, consisting of Violent J, Shaggy 2 Dope, and John Kickjazz (John Utsler), hired local record store owner Alex Abbiss as its manager. Taking the advice of Violent J's brother, Jumpsteady, the group and Abbiss agreed to create their own label. After debating between the names Mad Paperboy Records and Psychopathic Records, they decided on Psychopathic and the label soon started operating out of Abbiss's mother's basement. A drawing Joseph Utsler scribbled on a napkin, now known as the Hatchet Man, became the company's logo.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: Inner City Posse released their first professionally recorded album, "Dog Beats", on the label later that year. Shortly after, the group underwent a change in style, look, and name to become Insane Clown Posse, and created the Dark Carnival concept that would be continued by much of the label's other artists for years to come. Esham and Kid Rock were paid to appear on the debut "Insane Clown Posse" album to increase the album's marketability. The group and their label began to gain moderate popularity in the Detroit area following the releases of "Carnival of Carnage" and "Beverly Kills 50187", as well as through their extensive amount of independent promoting. Months before the release of "Carnival of Carnage" John Kickjazz left the group. Not wanting to show weakness early in the game, they replaced him with friend and fan Greez-e (Erik Olson). Greez-e's membership was short-lived however, and after appearing on "Beverly Kills 50187" he left the group. ICP has remained a duo ever since.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: Mike E. Clark was selected as the label's core producer, with his recording studio The Fun House being the main studio. On March 8, 1994, Insane Clown Posse released "Ringmaster", which sold 40,000 copies independently by the summer. Later that year, Project Born was the first outside act signed to Psychopathic Records with the belief that they would become "the next Dayton Family". The group's debut album, Born Dead, received minimal sales, and they were subsequently dropped from the label in 1995.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: Insane Clown Posse signed a record deal with Battery/Jive Records in 1995, but left the label the following year after it poorly promoted their new album, the "Riddle Box". In 1995 ICP and friends created a group to keep ICP busy until the release of Riddle Box, and called themselves Golden Goldies. Golden Goldies was a comical group whose lyrics focused solely on gold. The group consisted of Psychopathic Records employees and friends. Their only LP, Gimme Them Fuckin' Nuggets Bitch, Or I'll Punch Your Fuckin' Face, was recorded in 1995 in a span of one week, and was not publicly released. Golden Goldies was put together for entertainment purposes only. To add more humor to the album, each artist was given only five minutes to write their verses, and had only one take to record them, which resulted in some artists messing up their lines, and lyrics containing "some very strange things." The group held only one live performance, which occurred at the record release party for Insane Clown Posse's Riddle Box. The group consisted of: Golden Jelly (Joseph Bruce), Gold D (Joseph Utsler), Golden Gram (Robert Bruce), Gold Double B (Billy Bill), Gold Rocks (Alex Abbiss), Gold Digger (Mike E. Clark), Golden Warrior (Rich Murrell), Golden Frank (Frank G), Gold Teeth (Keith)


title: Psychopathic Records

text: Rold Gold (Josh), Gold Spud (Kelly Eubanks), Golden Toby (Fink the East Side G) and Gold Spakalantie (Matt Mackalantie). One day after the group left Jive and one day before it signed with Hollywood Records, Insane Clown Posse released "Tunnel of Love" on its Psychopathic label. The group released "The Great Milenko" in 1997, but were notified that Hollywood Records had deleted the album within hours of its release, despite having sold 18,000 copies and reaching number 63 on the "Billboard" 200. The removal caused a public controversy, creating major mainstream coverage of the group and their Psychopathic label.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: In 1997, the label signed Myzery, and former members of the House of Krazees Jamie Spaniolo and Paul Methric. Taking the name of Twiztid, Spaniolo and Methric created the identities of Jamie Madrox and Monoxide Child, and released their first album, "Mostasteless", that year. Insane Clown Posse, Twiztid, Myzery, and Blaze also formed the supergroup Psychopathic Rydas, and created Joe & Joey Records to release the group's albums to avoid any lawsuits. Myzery soon left the label after releasing the EP "Para La Isla".


title: Psychopathic Records

text: Later that year, Island Records bought the rights of "The Great Milenko" from Hollywood Records, and signed Insane Clown Posse and Twiztid to their label. Island also helped Psychopathic Records expand into the movie business by funding Insane Clown Posse US$250,000 to begin work on a full-length movie, "Big Money Hustlas", written by Violent J. The film was released through Island Def Jam Music Group, Psychopathic Video, and Non-Homogenized Productions on July 18, 2000. In 2001 they were the first record label/music group to do a tour showing their own movie in concert venues across the US.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: Following their success in WWF, WCW, and ECW, Insane Clown Posse founded the professional wrestling promotion Juggalo Championship Wrestling in 1999 and created the Psychopathic Sports department. In July 2000, Psychopathic Records staged the first annual Gathering of the Juggalos at the Novi Expo Center in Novi, Michigan. Described by Bruce as a "Juggalo Woodstock", the Gathering of the Juggalos drew over 7,000 people to Novi, Michigan for the 2 day event. Both Insane Clown Posse and Twiztid permanently returned to Psychopathic later that year, and the label soon built its own recording studio, named The Lotus Pod. Twiztid released the album "Freek Show", which debuted number 51 on "Billboard" 200.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: In 2001, the supergroup Dark Lotus debuted, consisting of Jamie Madrox, Monoxide Child, Violent J, Shaggy 2 Dope, Blaze Ya Dead Homie, and non-Psychopathic artist Marz. Later that year, Anybody Killa was signed to the label. While also working on his own album, "Hatchet Warrior", Killa replaced Marz in Dark Lotus for a short period. Detroit rapper Esham, whom Violent J considered to be an influence, also signed with Psychopathic Records for a large contract, and released a greatest hits album, "Acid Rain", the following year.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: Jumpsteady released his debut EP "Chaos Theory" in 2002. At that year's Gathering of the Juggalos, rapper V-Sinizter won an MC Contest and was awarded a one-year contract with Psychopathic Records. On November 5, Insane Clown Posse released their sixth Joker's Card, "", which debuted at number 15 on the "Billboard" 200. V-Sinizter released "Hunting Season" in 2003, but was soon released by the label due to minimal sale.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: Later that year, alternative rock group Zug Izland was signed and quickly released "Cracked Tiles" on January 28, 2003. They released their last album on the label titled "" on June 1, 2004. The label closed after Zug Izland left.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: After releasing "Master of the Flying Guillotine" in 2005, Jumpsteady retired from music to become an EMT in the metro Detroit area.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: That summer, the two supergroups Soopa Villainz and Drive-By were created. The first, consisting of Mr. Diamond (Violent J), Mr. Club (Shaggy 2 Dope), Mr. Spade (Esham), and Mr. Heart (Lavel), released "Furious" in August. The latter, consisting of Blaze and Anybody Killa, released "Pony Down (Prelude)" in October. Although Esham had achieved his highest level of success at Psychopathic, he left the label that month to reform his own label, Reel Life Productions, and the group Soopa Villainz was disbanded. Anybody Killa left the following February. Later that year, Psychopathic Records and hip hop group D12, representing Eminem, ended their rivalry by holding a bowling match.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: In April, Axe Murder Boyz won a single album contract with Psychopathic Records and released "Blood In, Blood Out" before being released from the label. That June, Alex Abbiss announced his retirement. Long time body guard and friend of Insane Clown Posse William Dail, referred to as Billy Bill, was named new president and CEO of Psychopathic Records. Later that month, the label launched its own internet radio station called WFuckOff Radio. Boondox signed with the label at that year's Gathering of the Juggalos, becoming the first southern rapper on the label. Boondox was a Psychopathic Records favorite in the Underground Psychos contest who was voted out by the jugglaos in the second round. His name in the contest was "Turn Coat Dirty".


title: Psychopathic Records

text: In 2007, the third former member of "House of Krazees" The R.O.C. signed with newly created Psychopathic sub-label, Hatchet House.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: In 2008, Anybody Killa re-signed with Psychopathic. That May, the label hosted the first annual "Hatchet Attacks". Axe Murder Boyz signed with Hatchet House on August 22. At the 2008 Gathering of the Juggalos a documentary on Juggalos, entitled "A Family Underground", was filmed and was released on May 12, 2009.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: On February 17, 2010, Psychopathic Records signed a contract with Universal Music Group's Fontana Distribution. During this period, the label was nominated for Outstanding Local Record Label by Detroit Music Awards. In Blaze's Gang Rags album The Dayton Family was shown to appear courtesy of Hatchet House.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: On January 3, 2012, WFuckOff Radio was rebranded as Psychopathic Radio. During the 2012 Gathering of the Juggalos, it was announced that both former acts Zug Izland & Jumpsteady have returned to Psychopathic Records. Boondox and Twiztid left the label. The December 21, 2012 issue of "Hatchet Herald" indicates that two new artists will issue albums on the label in 2013.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: On February 4, 2013, it was revealed that one of the new artists was Legz Diamond. An entire issue of "Hatchet Herald" was devoted to the guitarist, discussing his Psychopathic debut album, "9 Pistolas". In March, Violent J commented on Twiztid's departure revealing that there was no animosity between Twiztid and Psychopathic, and speculated that Blaze Ya Dead Homie had also left the label, but that Twiztid and Blaze were still a part of Dark Lotus and Psychopathic Rydas. Blaze later spoke openly about the subject during a concert, stating that he had not departed from Psychopathic. Insane Clown Posse publicly apologized to Blaze via Twitter for the misunderstanding.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: Doe Dubbla, a rapper from Detroit, officially signed to Psychopathic in June 2013, under the alias Big Hoodoo. In July, Psychopathic released Big Hoodoo's debut, "Crystal Skull", Cold 187 um departed from the label At the 2013 Gathering of the Juggalos, it was confirmed that Axe Murder Boyz and Boondox are returning to Psychopathic, while Blaze Ya Dead Homie ended up leaving Psychopathic Records.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: In early February 2014 Faygoluvers.net conducted an interview with Insane Clown Posse, and they said that they hope they will work with some artists that they have been wanting to work with for a while. Also they were asked if they were going to do the second leg of The Mighty Death Pop! Tour, and they said that they will go on tour in 2014 but it won't be called The Mighty Death Pop! Tour. During an interview in March 2014 DJ Paul of Da Mafia 6ix announced that they will be doing a collaboration album with Insane Clown Posse, and will tour to promote the album. In June 2014 Psychopathic Records announced that Insane Clown Posse and Da Mafia 6ix were working on a collaboration album, and Insane Clown Posse posted pictures on their official Instagram page of them and Da Mafia 6ix sitting around in Violent J's home studio. The album is scheduled to be released sometime in August 2014. A few days after Faygoluvers.net conducted the interview with Insane Clown Posse, Psychopathic Records, Insane Clown Posse, Twiztid and Blaze Ya Dead Homie released a picture of the Dark Lotus hand sign stating that all original members (Insane Clown Posse, Twiztid & Blaze Ya Dead Homie) were going to be back in the studio recording a new studio album on all their media outlets. Under the hand sign were Roman numerals translating to (7-29-2014). The album will initially be released at the 2014 GOTJ (7/23/2014 - 7/27/2014). In June 2014 Insane Clown Posse announced that they will be releasing their first box set The First Six with all first six Joker Cards (Carnival of Carnage, Ringmaster, Riddle Box, The Great Milenko, The Amazing Jeckel Brothers, /), along with a certification of authenticity signed by Violent J & Shaggy 2 Dope, 6 tarot cards, and an 8-song EP of all new music titled House of Wax, that will be released on October 28, 2014. In a July 6, 2014 interview Faygoluvers.net conducted with Jumpsteady, he stated that Psychopathic is currently working with some new supergroups. At the 2014 GOTJ during Anybody Killa's seminar, it was announced that he and Big Hoodoo have created a new group called The Have Nots. Insane Clown Posse have composed a group with Da Mafia 6ix called The Killjoy Club, and will be releasing their debut album titled Reindeer Games on September 2, 2014. ICP, DM6, Madchild, Jelly Roll and Mushroom Head plus others are to go on tour possibly titled "ShockFest" which will run from September 18, 2014 - October 31, 2014. ICP finally announced that they will release a Psypher featuring artists that are not signed to Psychopathic Records sometime before Hallowicked, including Madchild. Also announced Otis of AMB and DJ Paul will both release solo albums on Psychopathic records in 2015. On August 5, 2014, ICP released a promo flyer for their upcoming tour titled "ShockFest" with Da Mafia 6ix, Mushroomhead, Madchild and Jelly Roll from September 30, 2014, through October 31, 2014. The tour was originally scheduled to be a 45-date tour, and scheduled to kick off on September 18, 2014, but due to Madchild performing in Australia with his group Swollen Members for a mini tour until September 27, 2014, the tour will now kick off on September 30, 2014, Columbus, Ohio, and will conclude on ICP's 21st annual Hallowicked concert on October 31, 2014, in Detroit, Michigan. Psychopathic Records released a video promo for "ShockFest" in early August 2014. The tour is now scheduled to run from September 25, 2014, in Grand Rapids, Michigan, and will conclude on October 31, 2014, in Detroit, Michigan. In the booklet released with the Reindeer Games album were four flyers in promotion of new albums. The first was for Insane Clown Posse, it said that the 3rd Joker Card in the 2nd Deck will be released "sooner than you think". The second was for Otis, it said that his debut solo album on Psychopathic will be titled Slaughter and it said that it too will be released "soon". The third was for DJ Paul, it said that his debut solo album on Psychopathic will be titled Master Of Evil and it said that it too will be released "soon". The fourth was for Da Mafia 6ix, it was for their upcoming album titled "Watch What U Wish" which will be released on October 31, 2014, not on Psychopathic Records. In early October 2014 it was announced that "Watch What U Wish" will be pushed back to a 2015 release creating speculation that Psychopathic will release the album. Instead DM6 will release a mixxtape titled Hear Some Evil in October 2014. The First Six was initially scheduled to be released on October 28, 2014, but after a minor setback it is now scheduled to be released on November 25, 2014. At the 2014 20th Hallowicked Anniversary, ICP revealed the 3rd Joker Card in the 2nd Deck which is broken up into two parts, which will be released on Violent J's 43rd bday, April 28, 2015, and will be released July 28, 2015. On December 6, 2014, at the show in Topeka, Kansas, Tha Hav Knots a group composed of Anybody Killa and Big Hoodoo released their first-ever debut track titled "Happy Wicked Holiday", a Christmas-themed single. During ABK's set during the tour they opened with their first official song titled "Don't Stop", no studio version of the song has been released, and ended with "Happy Wicked Holiday".


title: Psychopathic Records

text: Psychopathic Records artist Boondox will be going on tour with Majik Ninja Entertainment artist Blaze Ya Dead Homie on MNE's first tour and the first "Psychopathic/Majik Ninja Entertainmen Tour" titled "Back From The Dead Tour", which kicks off February 14, 2015 which coincides with Twiztid's "My Bloody Valentine Show". In the booklet for Insane Clown Posse's it was announced that Otis's debut solo album titled Slaughter will be released September 1, 2015. The second "Psychopathic Records/Majik Ninja Entertainment Tour" will be with Boondox from Psychopathic Records, and former Psychopathic Records artist Blaze Ya Dead Homie from Majik Ninja Entertainment. It will also be Majik Ninja Entertainment's third tour, and their first in Australia. The tour will take place in Australia, will be called The Underground Assault Tour and will feature Australian rapper KidCrusher. The tour will take place June 25, 2015 through June 28, 2015. The third Psychopathic Records/Majik Ninja Entertainment Tour will take place in the fall of 2015 with Twiztid, Blaze Ya Dead Homie, Boondox, Prozak, Wolfpac and Scum, and will be called the Welcome To The Underground Tour. On July 24, 2015, during ICP's GOTJ seminar, it was announced that Boondox had left the label to sign with Majik Ninja Entertainment, which turned out to be a false flag as Boondox had chosen to branch out on his own.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: On February 21, 2016, in celebration of the Juggalo Day Show, ICP released the dates for their 20th Anniversary: Riddle Box Tour. The tour was scheduled to kick off on May 5, 2016, and was slated to conclude on June 18, 2016. On April 8, 2016, ICP released their tour dates for their Canada tour. The tour was scheduled to kick off on June 25, 2016, and to conclude on July 17, 2016, just in time for the GOTJ, which was to start on July 20, 2016. In an early April 2016 Faygoluvers.net interview with Violent J, J said that the possible acts being talked about for Riddle Box Tour are: Esham, Project Born, The Dayton Family, and Young Wicked. Also stated was that he and Shaggy are working on their solo albums. In the same interview it was announced that Young Wicked has a new project revolving around him coming out soon. On April 25, 2016, via Twitter, Young Wicked announced that he is on the 20th Anniversary: Riddle Box Tour. It was also announced via The 17th annual Gathering of the Juggalos infomercial that the label has a new artist that they will be announcing at Gathering 17 along with a new six-song EP from this new "discovery" that will be available at the event. Also it was stated that many people will find out what group they used to rap with and who they used to go by. ICP will go on their first Canadian Tour for the first time in 13 years. The tour is scheduled to kick off on June 24, 2016, at the Canadian Rockfest, and concluded on July 17, 2016. During Insane Clown Posse's GOTJ 2016 seminar it was announced that Shaggy 2 Dope will make his wrestling return on August 2, 2016, at the Pro Wrestling Syndicate show in New Jersey. Also announced was that work on the third film in the Big Money film series titled Big Money Thru$ta$ had begun, and with no definite release date, Violent J said "maybe in the next 2 years". It was also stated that a new The Killjoy Club album may be out in November 2016. With Juicy J reuniting with DJ Paul and Crunchy Black to reform Three 6 Mafia it is unknown if he will join The Killjoy Club. The second leg of Insane Clown Posse's "20th Anniversary: Riddle Box Tour" will feature sets from Anybody Killa, Big Hoodoo and Blahzay Roze. "Juggalo Day Show 2017" will take place in Florida and will feature sets from Insane Clown Posse, Twiztid, Blaze Ya Dead Homie and Dark Lotus will perform the Tales from the Lotus Pod album in its entirety. The "Canadian Juggalo Day Show 2017" will take place on March 17, 2017, and will feature performances from the entire Psychopathic Records roster as well as performances from Twiztid and Blaze Ya Dead Homie. Also it was announced that the 2017 Gathering of the Juggalos will take place in Denver, Colorado, and there is a possibility of a Soopa Villainz reunion. Also a documentary on former Insane Clown Posse member and Shaggy 2 Dope's older brother John Kickjazz, and another documentary on Axe Murder Boyz member Young Wicked will be out in 2017. Shaggy 2 Dope's upcoming album F.T.F.O.M.F. is now scheduled to be released in 2017. Finally it was announced that on September 17, 2017, there will be a "Juggalo March On Washington" in Washington DC and will be a 2-day event which will begin at Lincoln Memorial and will end at Washington Monument with speeches. The only confirmed artists so far is the roster from Psychopathic Records; however, any artists that has performed at the Gathering or is associated with the juggalos or whomever truly supports the family, should attend as well to support the movement. In the November 17, 2016 edition of the hatchet herald it was announced that Psychopathic Records new in-house engineer is Native World Inc.'s own artist Str8Jaket, and he is currently working with the new artist on the label. In late November 2016 it was said that a new Psychopathic Psypher titled If We Were A Gang would be released on January 1, 2017 with an accompanying music video. It was also stated that with the speculation of who is on or not on Psychopathic Records, the Psypher will feature all artists currently on the label. Also a website for the Juggalo March On Washington will be up on January 1, 2017. On the December 22, 2016 edition of Psychopathic Radio, Violent J stated that over 200 acts have been invited to the March. He also stated that on the website one can view each invitation (invitations were created specifically for each individual artist) and if the artist accepts (a yellow diamond will appear) or if the artist declines (a red x will appear). Violent J also stated that for each artist that accepts they will be sent an audio clip and will record a 16 bar verse, and then will record it and shoot a video for their verse, for a special cypher that will be released aside from If We Were A Gang. On December 31, 2016, at 3:00pm EST it was announced that Young Wicked of Axe Murder Boyz has left Psychopathic Records and has signed with Majik Ninja Entertainment.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: On January 1, 2017 it was announced that Lyte formerly known as Young Lyte was the new artist on the label. Also the same day the free downloadable song "Hurricane Of Diamonds" featuring Insane Clown Posse, Anybody Killa, DJ Clay, Big Hoodoo, Blahzay Roze and Lyte was released. On January 19, 2017 in an interview with faygoluvers.net, Insane Clown Posse announced that they were cutting ties with Twiztid and Majik Ninja Entertainment, as they had repeatedly declined invitations to the "Juggalo March On Washington", and the alternative to not march, going on a Wizard of the Hood Tour, which they also declined. Also in doing so, Insane Clown Posse stated that Psychopathic Records will stop reaching out to Twiztid and Majik Ninja Entertainment for "Juggalo Day" and the Gathering of the Juggalos. Also during the interview it was announced that new music will come from Insane Clown Posse, DJ Clay, Big Hoodoo, Blahzay Roze, Lyte and a new group that includes Insane Clown Posse, as everyone on the label recently signed a new 3-album deal with the label. It was also stated that since the March 2016 interview, a lot more about of the new Joker Card (4th Card, 2nd Deck), but isn't ready to be revealed yet, but Violent J did state that it will be released in 2018. Albums set for a 2017 release is F.T.F.O.M.F. from Shaggy 2 Dope, American Life/Lives from Violent J, My Life from Blahzay Roze, and the debut album from Lyte, and more to be announced. On January 26, 2017 the title of Lytes debut album Broke But Shining. On February 20, 2017 the psypher "If We Were A Gang" was released and featured Anybody Killa, Lyte, Shaggy 2 Dope, Big Hoodoo, Blahzay Roze, DJ Clay, Violent J. On February 26, 2017 it was announced that artist Blahzay Roze has left "Psychopathic Records". On September 6, 2017 at ICP's Surprize Guerrilla Show it was announced that one half of the underground hip-hop duo "Swag Toof" by the name of Ouija Macc was signed to Psychopathic Records.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: On February 25, 2018 Violent J took to Twitter to announce that the Hurricane Of Diamonds CD would be available during the SlamFest Tour (March 1, 2018 through April 1, 2018) with Attila, Sylar, Cage, Lil Toenail, Lyte, Ouija, and would be available in a few weeks (middle of March 2018) on Psychopaticmerch.com. It was also said that the CD would feature 17 tracks in total, with songs that had music videos made for them in 2017, also with at least 13 being never released on CD before, and 3 being brand new, unheard Insane Clown Posse songs. During Insane Clown Posse's 2018 Gathering of the Juggalos seminar, it was announced that Fearless Fred Fury would be released on October 26, 2018, and also Flip The Rat EP would be released the same day, with instructions on how to obtain the EP inside of FFF. It was also announced that any reconciliation in any way with Twiztid, or a Dark Lotus reunion, will not happen in any way, with Violent J saying, "It'll be that way in 5 years, and will still be that way in 10 years. Sorry Juggalos, but we wanted to address it upfront for anybody holding out hope that it might happen, but it's not". It was also announced that the Bloody Brothers, (a concept that featured Violent J and Shaggy 2 Dope as backwoods, serial killing hillbillies, that was later used as the Boondox gimmick), would be happening soon, as well as other alter ego albums, with ICP saying "We've come up with a lot of gimmick ideas that were used for other artists, but we're not doing that anymore, if we come up with it and want to use it as a project of ours, that's what we're gonna do". It was also revealed that a new supergroup was on the label called The Loony Goons and features Insane Clown Posse, Big Hoodoo, Lyte and Ouija Macc. It was also announced that TLG will begin recording their debut album after they return to Detroit after the GOTJ. Violent J stated "The album will have something you'd hear in 1985, and the next track will be something you'd hear in 2019". During Lyte and Ouija Macc's seminar they were asked if they were doing a Lil Rydas album. They then asked the crowd if they want it, with a positive response they said to expect it in 2019. Since ICP announced that they were going back to do other supergroups that they had pushed aside, during their 2018 GOTJ Seminar, rumors have been circulating that a group that was created in 2003 called Planned Panic, (that featured Insane Clown Posse, Anybody Killa and Tech N9ne), could make an appearance with an EP, or a couple song set at the 2018 Hallowicked Show. On October 21, 2020, ICP confirmed during the 2020 Psychopathic Don Shoot Interview that the only artists on the label are them & Ouija Macc.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: Psychopathic Records began distribution of merchandise in 1994 by selling T-shirts. After several comic books drawn by Joseph Utlser sold quickly in 1994, the label also started manufacturing collectibles. Psychopathic later created a separate department for their merchandising and called their line Hatchet Gear, named after the label's Hatchetman logo which more closely resembles a traditional meat cleaver. Hatchetgear currently sells everything from T-shirts, jerseys, and hoodies to "energy drinks, action figures, ski masks, liquor flasks, jewelry, and sneakers." The range and marketability of their merchandise has become an aspect of the company.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: Psychopathic Video has released 6 professional wrestling videos, 5 concert films, 5 documentaries, 1 mockumentary, 1 mini-movie, 1 collection of music videos, and 2 feature films. On August 31, 2004, Psychopathic Video made world history when it released the mini-movie "Bowling Balls" with Insane Clown Posse's album "Hell's Pit". The video was the first ever 3-D film shot in high-definition.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: Psychopathic Sports was launched in 1997 when Insane Clown Posse released a VHS entitled "ICP's Strangle-Mania", which featured a compilation of professional wrestling death matches from the "Outrageously Violent Wrestling from Japan" video collection, overdubbed with their own humorous commentary. It hosted two "Strangle-Mania Live" wrestling events in 1997 and 1998. With Juggalo Championship Wrestling's inception in 1999, Psychopathic Sports turned its full focus to the promotion. In 2007, it started the "SlamTV!" internet wrestling show, as well as the "SlamTV! Express" mini-show in 2010. Psychopathic Sports also promoted the debut house show for TNA Wrestling on March 17, 2006, in Plymouth, Michigan.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: The department expanded in January 2010, announcing that it had bought a warehouse to run operations in Novi, Michigan and had hired full-time workers. They also announced plans to run Juggalo Championship Wrestling full-time starting November of that year. The promotion will hold tapings of SlamTV! every other week, as well as run one additional show a month, at the Juggalo Arena. All shows will be taped and released on DVD, and a clothing line is set to be created.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: Originally formed to feature the releases for Psychopathic Rydas, in case they got in trouble could fold the label without prosecution for releasing stolen music without consent, and not paying royalties. The label also saw the releases, Psychopathics from Outer Space (2000), Psychopathics from Outer Space 2 (2003) and Psychopathics from Outer Space 3 (2007).


title: Psychopathic Records

text: In 2002 when Zug Izland was signed to the label, a sub label was created for their releases called Ax & Smash. The sub label saw only one release with Cracked Tiles which was released on January 31, 2003. Their second release was released on Psychopathic Records on June 1, 2004. After leaving the label in 2004, they were resigned in 2012, with being released on August 13, 2013, on Psychopathic Records, before being released in 2016.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: Created in 2004 at the same time as Ax & Smash Records, to feature a new genre to help expand the Juggalo fan base that they might not know about. Detroit legend MC Breed was signed to the label and released the labels only release with The New Prescription on August 24, 2004. MC Breed was working on a new album to release on UMZ/Psychopathic before his untimely death on November 28, 2008, after a pickup game of basketball.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: Formed in 2007, and made official at the 2007 Gathering of the Juggalos. It was announced that DJ Clay, Motown Rage and Tali Demon were signed to the sub label. Tali Demon was the first female act to ever sign with the label, though she left after 6 months due to creative differences. The first release was DJ Clay's released on February 18, 2008. The label went on hiatus after DJ Clay was made a full-time artist on Psychopathic in 2012, but released on Psychopathic and Hatchet House on June 4, 2013.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: During Insane Clown Posse's 2018 Gathering of the Juggalos seminar it was announced by Violent J that he was starting his own sub label through Psychopathic and will be called Big Baby Records, and will see releases in "special compilations".


title: Psychopathic Records

text: On March 4, 2022, Ouija Macc has announced opening his sub-label under Psychopathic Records called Chapter 17 Records and his first signee, HEXXX.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: Psychopathic Records holds several annual events throughout the year that feature performances by the entire label, sometimes referred to as the Psychopathic Family or Hatchet Family. In 2008, the label hosted the first "Hatchet Attacks," which occurs in the first half of each year and features performances by the entire label and JCW wrestling. Since 2000, it has been hosting the Gathering of the Juggalos, an event that spans four days throughout August. It features over 100 bands, professional wrestling, and various party activities. Within the week of Christmas, Psychopathic hosts "Big Ballas X-Mas Party." Along with JCW wrestling and guest performers, the final act consists of the entire Psychopathic label performing together, known specifically as the Deadly Medley.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: The first Psychopathic Psypher was released on July 5, 2011, and featured Violent J, Jamie Madrox, Anybody Killa and Bootleg, with music by DJ Clay.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: The second Psychopathic Psypher was released on July 5, 2011, and featured Shaggy 2 Dope, Monoxide Child, Blaze Ya Dead Homie, Boondox and Shoestring, with music by DJ Clay.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: The third Psychopathic Psypher was released on December 29, 2011, and featured Insane Clown Posse, Twiztid, Drive-By and Cold 187um, with music by DJ Clay. The video was directed by Brian Kuma, and filmed at The Filmore in Detroit, Michigan.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: The fourth Psychopathic Psypher was released in mid-2012 and featured Insane Clown Posse, House of Krazees, Drive-By, Cold 187 Legz Diamond and Doe Dubbla (who would later sign to Psychopathic Records as Big Hoodoo), with music by DJ Clay. The video was filmed at the Scrap Yard in Detroit, Michigan.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: It was announced during ICP's 2014 GOTJ seminar that they would be doing another Psypher, this time featuring artists who were not on the label. ICP threw out a name to see the fans' response, and it was then confirmed that Swollen Members artist and solo artist Madchild would be featured on the Psypher. ICP said that it should be out sometime before Halloween 2014.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: In mid-2015 ICP announced that they would be holding a contest at the 2015 GOTJ and that the top eight winners would be featured on the 5th Psypher. The winners included Gypsy, Frodo the Ghost, G-Mike Cannibal, Ill Phil, Lowercase J, Sewerside, & Skitzomichigan.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: On September 9, 2015, Thomas "Cannibal" Cottingham, the winner of the 2015 GOTJ Psypher Contest, was killed saving a woman and her baby.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: In the infomercial for the 2016 Gathering of the Juggalos it was announced that the Psychopathic Psypher 5 would be performed live on July 20, 2016, on the Big Top Stage. On September 16, 2016, the video for the Psypher was released with music by Kuma and performances by Big Cook, Mi$ta 420, TZK, Sewerside, Mr. 6ix and Less Legs. The video was directed and edited by Brian Kuma.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: On November 17, 2016, it was announced that a new psypher would be out in January 2017, and will be titled "If We Were A Gang", to go along with the Juggalo March On Washington which will happen in September 2017. The Psypher was said to feature the Juggalo Family (current artists on the roster). On Thanksgiving 2016 it was announced that the Psypher will be released on January 1, 2017.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: On February 17, 2017, at the 2017 Juggalo Day Weekend After Party the 6th "Psychopathic Psypher" titled If We Were A Gang was performed live. On February 21, 2017, the official video for If We Were A Gang was released and featured Anybody Killa, Lyte, Shaggy 2 Dope, Big Hoodoo, Blahzay Roze, DJ Clay and Violent J.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: In late December 2016 it was announced that Psychopathic Records will be sending out personalized invitations for the Juggalo March On Washington 2017 to every artist invited to perform at the March. It was said that on the website (thejuggalomarch.com) people can view each invitation (as they were created for each artist invited specifically) and if the artist accepts a yellow diamond will appear next to the artist, should the artist decline a red "x" will appear next to the artist. For the artists that accept the invitation to perform they will be sent an audio clip for 16 bars to record their vocals on and when they send it back, a camera crew will be sent out to the artists location and record the video for the artists verse. It was stated that the artists invited have a 90-day answering period. Soon before the March the Juggalo March Psypher will be released, and performed live at the March. Since January 1, 2017 Insane Clown Posse, Wolfpac, 2 Live Crew, Glasses Malone, "Kissing Candice", Anybody Killa, "Big Hoodoo", "Blahzay Roze", DJ Clay, Jumpsteady, "Lyte", JellyRoll, Vanilla Ice, Lil Wyte, Kung Fu Vampire, "Scum", Liquid Assassin, "Bukshot", "Sewerside", "Project Born", Zug Izland, Lo Key,


title: Psychopathic Records

text: 1 Ton, "Crucifix" and Madchild have all accepted invitations for the March. Tech N9ne will be featured but will not March. While music artists Esham, Killa C, The R.O.C., Twiztid, Blaze Ya Dead Homie, Lex "The Hex" Master, G-Mo Skee, Boondox, "Gorilla Voltage", Young Wicked, Axe Murder Boyz and MC Chris have all respectively declined. On the April 13, 2017 edition of "The Juggalo Show" Violent J said Tech N9ne will not be able to make the "Juggalo March On Washington" due to his new contract with "Paradigm Records" having him tour Canada at the time of the March, but will be on the Psypher. On May 8, 2017 Necro announced he would no longer take part in the March, stating that "it's all good, just business, nothing personal".


title: Psychopathic Records

text: On October 5, 2017 Insane Clown Posse held a "Surprize Guerrilla Show" featuring Anybody Killa, DJ Clay, Big Hoodoo, and Lyte for $5. It was said that a music video would be shot the same night as well. The video featured the whole label including the new artist Ouija Macc of the group Swag Toof. The video was to include Anybody Killa, but didn't because his van broke down causing him to be late for the video. He showed up in time to perform his set, but Violent J told him that beings though he missed the video shoot he wasn't going to perform. The video was released on October 30, 2017. The song features Lyte, Violent J, Big Hoodoo, Shaggy 2 Dope & Ouija Macc plus the video features DJ Clay as the DJ, and Legz Diamond as the ring announcer. The song was produced, engineered, mixed and mastered by Strange Music's in-house producer Seven, and recorded at The Lotus Pod and Dustys Boom Room in Detroit, Michigan.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: During ICP's GOTJ 2012 seminar it was announced that the first Juggalo Day Show would be held on February 17, 2013, at St. Andrew's Hall in Detroit, Michigan. The show featured performances by Project Born, Myzery and Insane Clown Posse.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: During ICP's 2013 GOTJ seminar it was announced that the upcoming Juggalo Day Show would be "The Great Milenko". The show was held February 17, 2014, at the Newport Music Hall in Columbus, Ohio. The show featured performances by Downtown Brown, ClaAs, Big Hoodoo and Insane Clown Posse.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: During ICP's GOTJ 2014 seminar they announced that they would turn "Juggalo Day" into a weekend event. The first night, February 20, 2015, the movies "Big Money Hustlas" and "Big Money Rustlas" were shown. The next night, February 21, 2015, the "Take Me Home" show was held at the Masonic Temple in Detroit, Michigan. The show featured performances by Trick Trick, Big Hoodoo, Anybody Killa and Insane Clown Posse. The shows name was taken from a track that was on Forgotten Freshness Vol. 3, with new vocals written for the 2015 Juggalo Day Show.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: During ICP's 2015 GOTJ seminar it was said that they would do the Ringmaster. The places being considered were Worcester, Massachusetts, Dallas, Texas and Detroit, Michigan.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: Confirmed during 2015 Hallowicked, it was announced it would be held February 19 and February 20. The 19th would be held at St. Andrews in Detroit, MI, with a full show of JCW and the first ever live concert of The Killjoy Club. The 20th would have Esham returning and the main event of Insane Clown Posse doing a live concert of The Ringmaster from beginning to end. Special guests are said to be announced at insaneclownposse.com. The first night consisted sets from Tha Hav Knots (Anybody Killa, Big Hoodoo, Bonez Dubb), Lil Wyte, Mastamind, DJ Yella, Lil Eazy-E and The Killjoy Club (ICP, DM6, Young Wicked). The second night featured sets from Molly Gruesome, Swag Toof, King 810, Young Wicked, Mushroomhead, Esham, Twiztid (surprise guest) (songs: "2nd Hand Smoke", "Mutant X", "We Don't Die", "Different", and "Rock The Dead"), and Insane Clown Posse with Mike E. Clark on the turntables.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: During Insane Clown Posse's Gathering of the Juggalos 2016 seminar it was announced that the 2017 Juggalo Day Show would take place in Florida and will feature performances from Blaze Ya Dead Homie, Twiztid, Insane Clown Posse and Dark Lotus performing their debut album Tales from the Lotus Pod in its entirety. On October 4, 2016, the details for Juggalo Day 2017 were announced. Day 1 will feature JCW and performances from Young Lyte, Lex "The Hex" Master, Anybody Killa, Blaze Ya Dead Homie, Shaggy 2 Dope and Twiztid. Day 2 will feature JCW and performances from Sewerside, Blahzay Roze, The R.O.C., G-Mo Skee, Big Hoodoo, Boondox and Dark Lotus.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: On January 19, 2017 via an interview with faygoluvers.net, Insane Clown Posse announced that Twiztid and all Majik Ninja Entertainment artists have been removed from "Juggalo Day 2017" thus removing Dark Lotus. On January 20, 2017 the new lineup for "Juggalo Day 2017" was released, Day 1 (February 16, 2017) will feature Juggalo Championship Wrestling, and sets from: T.B.A., "Sewerside", "Lyte", "Blahzay Roze", Kottonmouth Kings and Insane Clown Posse performing Tunnel of Love EP. Day 2 (February 17, 2017) will feature Juggalo Championship Wrestling and sets from: T.B.A., "Big Hoodoo", DJ Clay, "Stitches", Anybody Killa and Insane Clown Posse performing The Amazing Jeckel Brothers album.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: On January 1, 2018 it was announced that the 2018 Juggalo Day Weekend would take place on February 16 & 17, 2018 in Las Vegas, Nevada. Day 1 will feature sets from DJ Clay, Lyte, Green Jellÿ, Rittz and Insane Clown Posse. Day 2 will feature sets from The Flatlinerz, Ouija Macc, Big Hoodoo, Kung Fu Vampire and Insane Clown Posse. The weekend will also feature Juggalo Championship Wrestling. On February 14, 2018, the time line for the 2018 Juggalo Day was released.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: During Insane Clown Posse's Gathering of the Juggalos 2016 seminar it was announced that the first Canadian Juggalo Day Show will be held on March 17, 2017, and will feature performances from the entire Psychopathic Records roster as well as Twiztid and Blaze Ya Dead Homie.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: On January 11, 2017 it was announced that the "Canadian Juggalo Day" would take place on April 7 and 8 in Calgary. Insane Clown Posse is the only confirmed artist. On the first night, Insane Clown Posse will headline performing Riddle Box in its entirety. On the second night Insane Clown Posse will headline performing all their biggest hits. The website for the show is also up. On February 1, 2017, it was announced the dates when Psychopathic Records would announce the artists performing. On February 6, 2017, it was announced that Blahzay Roze, Lyte and Big Hoodoo would be performing. Anybody Killa will not be performing due to him being on his "April Fools Foolin' Tour" which will run throughout the month of April. Blahzay Roze is scheduled to perform on the first night from 6:05 - 6:55 pm. Lyte is scheduled to perform on the first night from 7:00 - 7:50 pm. On February 13 it was announced that Ice-T would be performing on the second night from 9:50 - 10:50 pm. On February 17, 2017, it was announced that Canadian rapper Merkules would be performing on the second night from 7:00 - 7:50 pm. On February 20, 2017, it was announced that Kung Fu Vampire would be performing on the second night from 7:55 - 8:45 pm. On February 22, 2017, it was announced that Kissing Candice would be performing on the second night from 6:05 - 6:55 pm. On February 24, 2017, it was announced that Onyx would be performing on the first night from 7:45 - 8:45 pm. On February 27, 2017, it was announced that 2 Live Crew would be performing on the first night from 8:50 - 9:50 pm. On March 23, 2017 Blahzay Roze took to social media to say that Psychopathic Records had contacted her to tell her that she has been dropped from the 2017 Canadian Juggalo Day Weekend.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: On January 1, 2017 an invitation was sent out to multiple artists that have performed at the Gathering of the Juggalos or a live event, including such acts: 2 Live Crew (accepted), Anybody Killa (accepted), Aqualeo, Axe Murder Boyz (declined), Big B, Big Hoodoo (accepted), Bizarre, Blahzay Roze (accepted), Blaze Ya Dead Homie (declined), Bone Thugs-N-Harmony, Boondox (declined), Brotha Lynch Hung, Bukshot (accepted), Bushwick Bill, Ces Cru, Crucifix (accepted), Crunchy Black, Da Mafia 6ix/DJ Paul, Danny Brown, The Dayton Family, DJ Clay (accepted), DJ Hoppa, Esham (declined), Glasses Malone (accepted), G-Mo Skee (declined), GWAR, Hed pe, Hopsin, Ho99o9, Ice-T, Ill Bill, Jarren Benton, JellyRoll (accepted), Johnny Richter, Juicy J, Jumpsteady (accepted), Killa C (declined), King Gordy, Kissing Candice (accepted), Kottonmouth Kings with Johnny Richter & DJ Bobby B, Kung Fu Vampire (accepted), La Coka Nostra, Lex "The Hex" Master (declined), Lil Eazy E, Lil Wyte (accepted), Liquid Assassin (accepted), Lyte (accepted), Lo Key (accepted), Madchild (accepted), Mastamind, ¡Mayday!, Mike E. Clark, MC Chris (declined), Motown Rage, Moonshine Bandits, Murs, Mushroomhead, Myzery, Necro (declined), Onyx, Potluck (disbanded), Project Born (accepted), Prozak, R.A. the Rugged Man, Razakel, Rittz, The R.O.C. (declined), Scarface, Scum (accepted), Sewerside (accepted), Slaine, Smokehouse Junkiez, Stevie Stone, Tech N9ne (declined), T.O.N.E-z, Twisted Insane, Twiztid (declined), Vanilla Ice (accepted), Waka Flocka Flame, Whitney Peyton, Willie D, Wolfpac (accepted), Young Wicked (declined), Zug Izland (accepted). Also other celebrities were invited to join within a few weeks.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: As of January 1, 2017 only the host of the event, Insane Clown Posse had accepted an invitation, and no one had declined. On January 2, 2017 Esham declined the invitation stating in part "I do not wish to put myself, my family or my team in any position to sustain bodily harm". Also on January 2, 2017 Wolfpac accepted the invitation to perform, March and take part in the Family Psypher. On January 2, 2017 Killa C declined the invitation (as he is now a devout Christian and no longer does horrorcore). Also on the same day other artist, 2 Live Crew, Glasses Malone and "Kissing Candice" accepted the invitation. A few hours later Anybody Killa, "Big Hoodoo", "Blahzay Roze", DJ Clay, Jumpsteady, "Lyte", JellyRoll, Vanilla Ice, Lil Wyte and Kung Fu Vampire all accepted invitations for the March. A few hours later in the mid evening of January 2, 2017 Twiztid and "Scum" accepted their invitations. Late in the night of January 2, 2017 Liquid Assassin and "Bukshot" accepted their invitations to the March. On January 3, 2017 artists Necro and "Sewerside" accepted their invitations, while The R.O.C. declined. In the early afternoon on January 3, 2017 Project Born accepted their invitations to the March. On January 4, 2017 the list updated to show that Twiztid, Blaze Ya Dead Homie, Lex "The Hex" Master, G-Mo Skee, Boondox and Young Wicked have all declined via a post on Facebook. Since Young Wicked will not take part in the March, Axe Murder Boyz too will not take part. On January 5, 2017 Zug Izland accepted their invitations for the March. On January 11, 2017 "Lo Key" accepted his invitation for the March. On January 12, 2017, MC Chris declined his invitations stating in part, "I do not have a problem with Juggalos, but I will decline the invite because I have a upcoming fall tour, and am dependent on the DC market to make a living". On January 13, 2017 Potluck announced that they were no longer performing together, and have officially disbanded, thus they will not perform at the "2017 Juggalo March On Washington". On February 26, 2017, it was announced by the venue that Sam Hunt is scheduled to perform at the Jiffy Lube Center on September 16, 2017, and there never was any Insane Clown Posse or Psychopathic Records event ever scheduled to perform that night.


title: Psychopathic Records

text: On March 1, 2017, it was announced by Psychopathic Records that the concert was cancelled due to local law enforcement pressuring the venue to not allow the concert to be held there, but they are looking for a new venue to hold the concert. On March 17, 2017, it was announced that 1 Ton will take part in the March. On April 13, 2017 Violent J said Tech N9ne will not take part in the March (due to his new contract signing with Paradigm), but was "wholeheartedly" down to do a verse for the Family Psypher and subsequent video. On May 8, 2017 Necro announced via his Facebook account, that after being invited by Insane Clown Posse to join The Parental Advisory Tour with 2 Live Crew, Geto Boys, Onyx, and Lil Eazy E with DJ Yella, and being given a "low ball deal" to tour for "a month basically for free" he announced that he will not take part in the tour, and also rescinded his acceptance to take part in the March. On July 13, 2017, it was announced by TMZ that Fresh Kid Ice of 2 Live Crew had died.


title: Digital cinema

text: Digital cinema refers to adoption of digital technology within the film industry to distribute or project motion pictures as opposed to the historical use of reels of motion picture film, such as 35 mm film. Whereas film reels have to be shipped to movie theaters, a digital movie can be distributed to cinemas in a number of ways: over the Internet or dedicated satellite links, or by sending hard drives or optical discs such as Blu-ray discs.


title: Digital cinema

text: Digital movies are projected using a digital video projector instead of a film projector, are shot using digital movie cameras and edited using a non-linear editing system (NLE). The NLE is often a video editing application installed in one or more computers that may be networked to access the original footage from a remote server, share or gain access to computing resources for rendering the final video, and to allow several editors to work on the same timeline or project.


title: Digital cinema

text: Alternatively a digital movie could be a film reel that has been digitized using a motion picture film scanner and then restored, or, a digital movie could be recorded using a film recorder onto film stock for projection using a traditional film projector.


title: Digital cinema

text: Digital cinema is distinct from high-definition television and does not necessarily use traditional television or other traditional high-definition video standards, aspect ratios, or frame rates. In digital cinema, resolutions are represented by the horizontal pixel count, usually 2K (2048×1080 or 2.2 megapixels) or 4K (4096×2160 or 8.8 megapixels). The 2K and 4K resolutions used in digital cinema projection are often referred to as DCI 2K and DCI 4K. DCI stands for Digital Cinema Initiatives.


title: Digital cinema

text: As digital-cinema technology improved in the early 2010s, most theaters across the world converted to digital video projection. Digital cinema technology has continued to develop over the years with 3D, RPX, 4DX and ScreenX, allowing moviegoers with more immersive experiences.


title: Digital cinema

text: The transition from film to digital video was preceded by cinema's transition from analog to digital audio, with the release of the Dolby Digital (AC-3) audio coding standard in 1991. Its main basis is the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT), a lossy audio compression algorithm. It is a modification of the discrete cosine transform (DCT) algorithm, which was first proposed by Nasir Ahmed in 1972 and was originally intended for image compression. The DCT was adapted into the MDCT by J.P. Princen, A.W. Johnson and Alan B. Bradley at the University of Surrey in 1987, and then Dolby Laboratories adapted the MDCT algorithm along with perceptual coding principles to develop the AC-3 audio format for cinema needs. Cinema in the 1990s typically combined analog video with digital audio.


title: Digital cinema

text: Digital media playback of high-resolution 2K files has at least a 20-year history. Early video data storage units (RAIDs) fed custom frame buffer systems with large memories. In early digital video units, content was usually restricted to several minutes of material. Transfer of content between remote locations was slow and had limited capacity. It was not until the late 1990s that feature-length films could be sent over the "wire" (Internet or dedicated fiber links). On October 23, 1998, Digital Light Processing (DLP) projector technology was publicly demonstrated with the release of "The Last Broadcast", the first feature-length movie, shot, edited and distributed digitally. In conjunction with Texas Instruments, the movie was publicly demonstrated in five theaters across the United States (Philadelphia, Portland (Oregon), Minneapolis, Providence, and Orlando).


title: Digital cinema

text: In the United States, on June 18, 1999, Texas Instruments' "DLP Cinema" projector technology was publicly demonstrated on two screens in Los Angeles and New York for the release of Lucasfilm's "". In Europe, on February 2, 2000, Texas Instruments' "DLP Cinema" projector technology was publicly demonstrated, by Philippe Binant, on one screen in Paris for the release of "Toy Story 2".


title: Digital cinema

text: From 1997 to 2000, the JPEG 2000 image compression standard was developed by a Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) committee chaired by Touradj Ebrahimi (later the JPEG president). In contrast to the original 1992 JPEG standard, which is a DCT-based lossy compression format for static digital images, JPEG 2000 is a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) based compression standard that could be adapted for motion imaging video compression with the Motion JPEG 2000 extension. JPEG 2000 technology was later selected as the video coding standard for digital cinema in 2004.


title: Digital cinema

text: On January 19, 2000, the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, in the United States, initiated the first standards group dedicated towards developing digital cinema. By December 2000, there were 15 digital cinema screens in the United States and Canada, 11 in Western Europe, 4 in Asia, and 1 in South America. Digital Cinema Initiatives (DCI) was formed in March 2002 as a joint project of many motion picture studios (Disney, Fox, MGM, Paramount, Sony Pictures, Universal and Warner Bros.) to develop a system specification for digital cinema.


title: Digital cinema

text: In April 2004, in cooperation with the American Society of Cinematographers, DCI created standard evaluation material (the ASC/DCI StEM material) for testing of 2K and 4K playback and compression technologies. DCI selected JPEG 2000 as the basis for the compression in the system the same year. Initial tests with JPEG 2000 produced bit rates of around 75125 Mbit/s for 2K resolution and 100200 Mbit/s for 4K resolution.


title: Digital cinema

text: In China, in June 2005, an e-cinema system called "dMs" was established and was used in over 15,000 screens spread across China's 30 provinces. dMs estimated that the system would expand to 40,000 screens in 2009. In 2005 the UK Film Council Digital Screen Network launched in the UK by Arts Alliance Media creating a chain of 250 2K digital cinema systems. The roll-out was completed in 2006. This was the first mass roll-out in Europe. AccessIT/Christie Digital also started a roll-out in the United States and Canada. By mid 2006, about 400 theaters were equipped with 2K digital projectors with the number increasing every month. In August 2006, the Malayalam digital movie "Moonnamathoral", produced by Benzy Martin, was distributed via satellite to cinemas, thus becoming the first Indian digital cinema. This was done by Emil and Eric Digital Films, a company based at Thrissur using the end-to-end digital cinema system developed by Singapore-based DG2L Technologies.


title: Digital cinema

text: In January 2007, "Guru" became the first Indian film mastered in the DCI-compliant JPEG 2000 Interop format and also the first Indian film to be previewed digitally, internationally, at the Elgin Winter Garden in Toronto. This film was digitally mastered at Real Image Media Technologies in India. In 2007, the UK became home to Europe's first DCI-compliant fully digital multiplex cinemas; Odeon Hatfield and Odeon Surrey Quays (in London), with a total of 18 digital screens, were launched on 9 February 2007. By March 2007, with the release of Disney's "Meet the Robinsons", about 600 screens had been equipped with digital projectors. In June 2007, Arts Alliance Media announced the first European commercial digital cinema Virtual Print Fee (VPF) agreements (with 20th Century Fox and Universal Pictures). In March 2009 AMC Theatres announced that it closed a $315 million deal with Sony to replace all of its movie projectors with 4K digital projectors starting in the second quarter of 2009; it was anticipated that this replacement would be finished by 2012.


title: Digital cinema

text: In January 2011, the total number of digital screens worldwide was 36,242, up from 16,339 at end 2009 or a growth rate of 121.8 percent during the year. There were 10,083 d-screens in Europe as a whole (28.2 percent of global figure), 16,522 in the United States and Canada (46.2 percent of global figure) and 7,703 in Asia (21.6 percent of global figure). Worldwide progress was slower as in some territories, particularly Latin America and Africa. As of 31 March 2015, 38,719 screens (out of a total of 39,789 screens) in the United States have been converted to digital, 3,007 screens in Canada have been converted, and 93,147 screens internationally have been converted. At the end of 2017, virtually all of the world's cinema screens were digital (98%).


title: Digital cinema

text: Despite the fact that today, virtually all global movie theaters have converted their screens to digital cinemas, some major motion pictures even as of 2019 are shot on film. For example, Quentin Tarantino released his latest film "Once Upon a Time in Hollywood" in 70 mm and 35 mm in selected theaters across the United States and Canada.


title: Digital cinema

text: In addition to the equipment already found in a film-based movie theatre (e.g., a sound reinforcement system, screen, etc.), a DCI-compliant digital cinema requires a digital projector and a powerful computer known as a "server". Movies are supplied to the theatre as a digital file called a Digital Cinema Package (DCP). For a typical feature film, this file will be anywhere between 90 GB and 300 GB of data (roughly two to six times the information of a Blu-ray disc) and may arrive as a physical delivery on a conventional computer hard drive or via satellite or fibre-optic broadband Internet. As of 2013, physical deliveries of hard drives were most common in the industry. Promotional trailers arrive on a separate hard drive and range between 200 GB and 400 GB in size. The contents of the hard drive(s) may be encrypted.


title: Digital cinema

text: Regardless of how the DCP arrives, it first needs to be copied onto the internal hard drives of the server, usually via a USB port, a process known as "ingesting". DCPs can be, and in the case of feature films almost always are, encrypted, to prevent illegal copying and piracy. The necessary decryption keys are supplied separately, usually as email attachments and then "ingested" via USB. Keys are time-limited and will expire after the end of the period for which the title has been booked. They are also locked to the hardware (server and projector) that is to screen the film, so if the theatre wishes to move the title to another screen or extend the run, a new key must be obtained from the distributor. Several versions of the same feature can be sent together. The original version (OV) is used as the basis of all the other playback options. Version files (VF) may have a different sound format (e.g. 7.1 as opposed to 5.1 surround sound) or subtitles. 2D and 3D versions are often distributed on the same hard drive.


title: Digital cinema

text: The playback of the content is controlled by the server using a "playlist". As the name implies, this is a list of all the content that is to be played as part of the performance. The playlist will be created by a member of the theatre's staff using proprietary software that runs on the server. In addition to listing the content to be played the playlist also includes automation cues that allow the playlist to control the projector, the sound system, auditorium lighting, tab curtains and screen masking (if present), etc. The playlist can be started manually, by clicking the "play" button on the server's monitor screen, or automatically at pre-set times.


title: Digital cinema

text: Digital Cinema Initiatives (DCI), a joint venture of the six major studios, published the first version (V1.0) of a system specification for digital cinema in July 2005. The main declared objectives of the specification were to define a digital cinema system that would ""present a theatrical experience that is better than what one could achieve now with a traditional 35mm Answer Print"", to provide global standards for interoperability such that any DCI-compliant content could play on any DCI-compliant hardware anywhere in the world and to provide robust protection for the intellectual property of the content providers.


title: Digital cinema

text: The DCI specification calls for picture encoding using the ISO/IEC 15444-1 "JPEG2000" (.j2c) standard and use of the CIE XYZ color space at 12 bits per component encoded with a 2.6 gamma applied at projection. Two levels of resolution for both content and projectors are supported: 2K (2048×1080) or 2.2 MP at 24 or 48 frames per second, and 4K (4096×2160) or 8.85 MP at 24 frames per second. The specification ensures that 2K content can play on 4K projectors and vice versa. Smaller resolutions in one direction are also supported (the image gets automatically centered). Later versions of the standard added additional playback rates (like 25 fps in SMPTE mode). For the sound component of the content the specification provides for up to 16 channels of uncompressed audio using the "Broadcast Wave" (.wav) format at 24 bits and 48 kHz or 96 kHz sampling.


title: Digital cinema

text: Playback is controlled by an XML-format Composition Playlist, into an MXF-compliant file at a maximum data rate of 250 Mbit/s. Details about encryption, key management, and logging are all discussed in the specification as are the minimum specifications for the projectors employed including the color gamut, the contrast ratio and the brightness of the image. While much of the specification codifies work that had already been ongoing in the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE), the specification is important in establishing a content owner framework for the distribution and security of first-release motion-picture content.


title: Digital cinema

text: In addition to DCI's work, the National Association of Theatre Owners (NATO) released its Digital Cinema System Requirements. The document addresses the requirements of digital cinema systems from the operational needs of the exhibitor, focusing on areas not addressed by DCI, including access for the visually impaired and hearing impaired, workflow inside the cinema, and equipment interoperability. In particular, NATO's document details requirements for the Theatre Management System (TMS), the governing software for digital cinema systems within a theatre complex, and provides direction for the development of security key management systems. As with DCI's document, NATO's document is also important to the SMPTE standards effort.


title: Digital cinema

text: The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) began work on standards for digital cinema in 2000. It was clear by that point in time that HDTV did not provide a sufficient technological basis for the foundation of digital cinema playback. In Europe, India and Japan however, there is still a significant presence of HDTV for theatrical presentations. Agreements within the ISO standards body have led to these non-compliant systems being referred to as Electronic Cinema Systems (E-Cinema).


title: Digital cinema

text: Only three manufacturers make DCI-approved digital cinema projectors; these are Barco, Christie and NEC. Except for Sony, who used to use their own SXRD technology, all use the Digital Light Processing (DLP) technology developed by Texas Instruments (TI). D-Cinema projectors are similar in principle to digital projectors used in industry, education, and domestic home cinemas, but differ in two important respects. First, projectors must conform to the strict performance requirements of the DCI specification. Second, projectors must incorporate anti-piracy devices intended to enforce copyright compliance such as licensing limits. For these reasons all projectors intended to be sold to theaters for screening current release movies "must" be approved by the DCI before being put on sale. They now pass through a process called CTP (compliance test plan). Because feature films in digital form are encrypted and the decryption keys (KDMs) are locked to the serial number of the server used (linking to both the projector serial number and server is planned in the future), a system will allow playback of a protected feature only with the required KDM.


title: Digital cinema

text: Three manufacturers have licensed the DLP Cinema technology developed by Texas Instruments (TI): Christie Digital Systems, Barco, and NEC. While NEC is a relative newcomer to Digital Cinema, Christie is the main player in the U.S. and Barco takes the lead in Europe and Asia. Initially DCI-compliant DLP projectors were available in 2K only, but from early 2012, when TI's 4K DLP chip went into full production, DLP projectors have been available in both 2K and 4K versions. Manufacturers of DLP-based cinema projectors can now also offer 4K upgrades to some of the more recent 2K models. Early DLP Cinema projectors, which were deployed primarily in the United States, used limited 1280×1024 resolution or the equivalent of 1.3 MP (megapixels). Digital Projection Incorporated (DPI) designed and sold a few DLP Cinema units (is8-2K) when TI's 2K technology debuted but then abandoned the D-Cinema market while continuing to offer DLP-based projectors for non-cinema purposes. Although based on the same 2K TI "light engine" as those of the major players they are so rare as to be virtually unknown in the industry. They are still widely used for pre-show advertising but not usually for feature presentations.


title: Digital cinema

text: TI's technology is based on the use of digital micromirror devices (DMDs). These are MEMS devices that are manufactured from silicon using similar technology to that of computer chips. The surface of these devices is covered by a very large number of microscopic mirrors, one for each pixel, so a 2K device has about 2.2 million mirrors and a 4K device about 8.8 million. Each mirror vibrates several thousand times a second between two positions: In one, light from the projector's lamp is reflected towards the screen, in the other away from it. The proportion of the time the mirror is in each position varies according to the required brightness of each pixel. Three DMD devices are used, one for each of the primary colors. Light from the lamp, usually a Xenon arc lamp similar to those used in film projectors with a power between 1 kW and 7 kW, is split by colored filters into red, green and blue beams which are directed at the appropriate DMD. The 'forward' reflected beam from the three DMDs is then re-combined and focused by the lens onto the cinema screen.


title: Digital cinema

text: Alone amongst the manufacturers of DCI-compliant cinema projectors Sony decided to develop its own technology rather than use TI's DLP technology. SXRD (Silicon X-tal (Crystal) Reflective Display) projectors have only ever been manufactured in 4K form and, until the launch of the 4K DLP chip by TI, Sony SXRD projectors were the only 4K DCI-compatible projectors on the market. Unlike DLP projectors, however, SXRD projectors do not present the left and right eye images of stereoscopic movies sequentially, instead they use half the available area on the SXRD chip for each eye image. Thus during stereoscopic presentations the SXRD projector functions as a sub 2K projector, the same for HFR 3D Content.


title: Digital cinema

text: However, Sony decided in late April, 2020 that they would no longer manufacture digital cinema projectors.


title: Digital cinema

text: In late 2005, interest in digital 3-D stereoscopic projection led to a new willingness on the part of theaters to co-operate in installing 2K stereo installations to show Disney's "Chicken Little" in 3-D film. Six more digital 3-D movies were released in 2006 and 2007 (including "Beowulf", "Monster House" and "Meet the Robinsons"). The technology combines a single digital projector fitted with either a polarizing filter (for use with polarized glasses and silver screens), a filter wheel or an emitter for LCD glasses. "RealD" uses a ""ZScreen"" for polarisation and MasterImage uses a filter wheel that changes the polarity of projector's light output several times per second to alternate quickly the left-and-right-eye views. Another system that uses a filter wheel is Dolby 3D. The wheel changes the wavelengths of the colours being displayed, and tinted glasses filter these changes so the incorrect wavelength cannot enter the wrong eye. "XpanD" makes use of an external emitter that sends a signal to the 3D glasses to block out the wrong image from the wrong eye.


title: Digital cinema

text: In Asia, on July 13, 2017, an LED screen for digital cinema developed by Samsung Electronics was publicly demonstrated on one screen at Lotte Cinema World Tower in Seoul. First installation in Europe is in Arena Sihlcity Cinema in Zürich. These displays do not use a projector; instead they use a MicroLED video wall, and can offer higher contrast ratios, higher resolutions, and overall improvements in image quality. MicroLED allows for the elimination of display bezels, creating the illusion of a single large screen. This is possible due to the large amount of spacing in between pixels in MicroLED displays. Sony already sells MicroLED displays as a replacement for conventional cinema screens.


title: Digital cinema

text: Digital distribution of movies has the potential to save money for film distributors. To print an 80-minute feature film can cost US$1,500 to $2,500, so making thousands of prints for a wide-release movie can cost millions of dollars. In contrast, at the maximum 250 megabit-per-second data rate (as defined by DCI for digital cinema), a feature-length movie can be stored on an off-the-shelf 300 GB hard drive for $50 and a broad release of 4000 'digital prints' might cost $200,000. In addition hard drives can be returned to distributors for reuse. With several hundred movies distributed every year, the industry saves billions of dollars. The digital-cinema roll-out was stalled by the slow pace at which exhibitors acquired digital projectors, since the savings would be seen not by themselves but by distribution companies. The Virtual Print Fee model was created to address this by passing some of the saving on to the cinemas. As a consequence of the rapid conversion to digital projection, the number of theatrical releases exhibited on film is dwindling. As of 4 May 2014, 37,711 screens (out of a total of 40,048 screens) in the United States have been converted to digital, 3,013 screens in Canada have been converted, and 79,043 screens internationally have been converted.


title: Digital cinema

text: Realization and demonstration, on October 29, 2001, of the first digital cinema transmission by satellite in Europe of a feature film by Bernard Pauchon, Alain Lorentz, Raymond Melwig and Philippe Binant.


title: Digital cinema

text: Digital cinemas can deliver live broadcasts from performances or events. This began initially with live broadcasts from the New York Metropolitan Opera delivering regular live broadcasts into cinemas and has been widely imitated ever since. Leading territories providing the content are the UK, the US, France and Germany. The Royal Opera House, Sydney Opera House, English National Opera and others have found new and returning audiences captivated by the detail offered by a live digital broadcast featuring handheld and cameras on cranes positioned throughout the venue to capture the emotion that might be missed in a live venue situation. In addition these providers all offer additional value during the intervals e.g. interviews with choreographers, cast members, a backstage tour which would not be on offer at the live event itself. Other live events in this field include live theatre from NT Live, Branagh Live, Royal Shakespeare Company, Shakespeare's Globe, the Royal Ballet, Mariinsky Ballet, the Bolshoi Ballet and the Berlin Philharmoniker.


title: Digital cinema

text: In the last ten years this initial offering of the arts has also expanded to include live and recorded music events such as Take That Live, One Direction Live, Andre Rieu, live musicals such as the recent Miss Saigon and a record-breaking Billy Elliot Live In Cinemas. Live sport, documentary with a live question and answer element such as the recent Oasis documentary, lectures, faith broadcasts, stand-up comedy, museum and gallery exhibitions, TV specials such as the record-breaking "Doctor Who" fiftieth anniversary special "The Day Of The Doctor", have all contributed to creating a valuable revenue stream for cinemas large and small all over the world. Subsequently, live broadcasting, formerly known as Alternative Content, has become known as Event Cinema and a trade association now exists to that end. Ten years on the sector has become a sizeable revenue stream in its own right, earning a loyal following amongst fans of the arts, and the content limited only by the imagination of the producers it would seem. Theatre, ballet, sport, exhibitions, TV specials and documentaries are now established forms of Event Cinema. Worldwide estimations put the likely value of the Event Cinema industry at $1bn by 2019.


title: Digital cinema

text: Event Cinema currently accounts for on average between 1-3% of overall box office for cinemas worldwide but anecdotally it's been reported that some cinemas attribute as much as 25%, 48% and even 51% (the Rio Bio cinema in Stockholm) of their overall box office. It is envisaged ultimately that Event Cinema will account for around 5% of the overall box office globally. Event Cinema saw six worldwide records set and broken over from 2013 to 2015 with notable successes Dr Who ($10.2m in three days at the box office - event was also broadcast on terrestrial TV simultaneously), Pompeii Live by the British Museum, Billy Elliot, Andre Rieu, One Direction, Richard III by the Royal Shakespeare Company.


title: Digital cinema

text: Event Cinema is defined more by the frequency of events rather than by the content itself. Event Cinema events typically appear in cinemas during traditionally quieter times in the cinema week such as the Monday-Thursday daytime/evening slot and are characterised by the One Night Only release, followed by one or possibly more 'Encore' releases a few days or weeks later if the event is successful and sold out. On occasion more successful events have returned to cinemas some months or even years later in the case of NT Live where the audience loyalty and company branding is so strong the content owner can be assured of a good showing at the box office.


title: Digital cinema

text: The digital formation of sets and locations, especially in the time of growing film series and sequels, is that virtual sets, once computer generated and stored, can be easily revived for future films.


title: Digital cinema

text: Considering digital film images are documented as data files on hard disk or flash memory, varying systems of edits can be executed with the alteration of a few settings on the editing console with the structure being composed virtually in the computer's memory. A broad choice of effects can be sampled simply and rapidly, without the physical constraints posed by traditional cut-and-stick editing. Digital cinema allows national cinemas to construct films specific to their cultures in ways that the more constricting configurations and economics of customary film-making prevented. Low-cost cameras and computer-based editing software have gradually enabled films to be produced for minimal cost. The ability of digital cameras to allow film-makers to shoot limitless footage without wasting pricey celluloid has transformed film production in some Third World countries. From consumers' perspective digital prints don't deteriorate with the number of showings. Unlike celluloid film, there is no projection mechanism or manual handling to add scratches or other physically generated artefacts. Provincial cinemas that would have received old prints can give consumers the same cinematographic experience (all other things being equal) as those attending the premiere.


title: Digital cinema

text: The use of NLEs in movies allows for edits and cuts to be made non-destructively, without actually discarding any footage.


title: Digital cinema

text: A number of high-profile film directors, including Christopher Nolan, Paul Thomas Anderson, David O. Russell and Quentin Tarantino have publicly criticized digital cinema and advocated the use of film and film prints. Most famously, Tarantino has suggested he may retire because, though he can still shoot on film, because of the rapid conversion to digital, he cannot project from 35 mm prints in the majority of American cinemas. Steven Spielberg has stated that though digital projection produces a much better image than film if originally shot in digital, it is "inferior" when it has been converted to digital. He attempted at one stage to release "Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull" solely on film. Paul Thomas Anderson recently was able to create 70-mm film prints for his film "The Master" .


title: Digital cinema

text: Film critic Roger Ebert criticized the use of DCPs after a cancelled film festival screening of Brian DePalma's film "Passion" at New York Film Festival as a result of a lockup due to the coding system.


title: Digital cinema

text: The theoretical resolution of 35 mm film is greater than that of 2K digital cinema. 2K resolution (2048×1080) is also only slightly greater than that of consumer based 1080p HD (1920x1080). However, since digital post-production techniques became the standard in the early 2000s, the majority of movies, whether photographed digitally or on 35 mm film, have been mastered and edited at the 2K resolution. Moreover, 4K post production was becoming more common as of 2013. As projectors are replaced with 4K models the difference in resolution between digital and 35 mm film is somewhat reduced. Digital cinema servers utilize far greater bandwidth over domestic "HD", allowing for a difference in quality (e.g., Blu-ray colour encoding 4:2:0 48 Mbit/s MAX datarate, DCI D-Cinema 4:4:4 250 Mbit/s 2D/3D, 500 Mbit/s HFR3D). Each frame has greater detail.