title: Alone in the Dark (1992 video game)

text: The story is heavily influenced by the works of Edgar Allan Poe and H. P. Lovecraft. The setting for the story is inspired by Poe's "The Fall of the House of Usher". Grimoires found in the mansion's library include the "Necronomicon" and "De Vermis Mysteriis", both taken from Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos. Other Mythos references include books that feature the narrated history of Lord Boleskine, a direct reference to another Infogrames Cthulhu Mythos-based game, "Shadow of the Comet", and the last name of player character Edward Carnby, a reference to John Carnby, a character in the mythos tale "The Return of the Sorcerer" by Clark Ashton Smith. Several of the supernatural opponents are recognizable creatures from the Mythos, including Deep Ones, Nightgaunts and a Chthonian.


title: Alone in the Dark (1992 video game)

text: In 1989, Frédérick Raynal, a staff programmer at Infogrames, was assigned to port the early 3D game "Alpha Waves". Working on the game inspired him to begin programming a tool for the creation and animation of 3D characters, with help from Franck De Girolami. In 1991, Infogrames CEO Bruno Bonnell proposed a game in which the player would use matches to gain snapshot views of an otherwise completely dark environment. An aficionado of horror films such as "Dawn of the Dead", Raynal saw in this proposal the opportunity to create a horror-based game, and was given permission to lead the project.


title: Alone in the Dark (1992 video game)

text: The game's working titles included "In the Dark" and "Scream in the Dark" (or "Screams in the Dark"). Following Raynal's basic vision for the game, Infogrames artistic director Didier Chanfray rendered a series of concept sketches using white chalk on black Canson paper. These sketches were used for an internal contest to pick the game's graphic artist, Yaël Barroz. By this time Raynal already had decided that the game would make use of text to convey the backstory, as he felt computer graphics at the time were not advanced enough to be frightening on their own. He had also determined the game's setting:


title: Alone in the Dark (1992 video game)

text: Initially he planned to create the game's backgrounds using scanned photos of an actual mansion built in the 1920s, but this idea proved too ambitious for the 3D rendering tools available, and the team had to use hand-drawn bitmaps instead. Items and characters in "Alone in the Dark" are three-dimensional, rendered upon a two-dimensional fixed background. Mixing polygons and 2D prerendered background images required a fixed camera angle, which designers used to their advantage to create dramatic scene setups appropriate for a horror-themed game. In September 1991, the team of Raynal, Chanfray, and Barroz presented an early playable version of "Alone in the Dark" - containing only a couple rooms - to Infogrames, who then green-lighted production of the game. The development team was expanded to include Franck De Girolami (programmer), Philippe Vachey (composer), Hubert Chardot (writer), and Franck Manzetti (designer).


title: Alone in the Dark (1992 video game)

text: The game briefly acquired the "Call of Cthulhu" role-playing game license, but was ultimately denied it when Chaosium determined that the game was too simple to do justice to the rules of the pen-and-paper game. The character Emily Hartwood was added because the conventional wisdom of the time was that a game would appeal to more female gamers if it had a female playable character. To maximize the player's anxiety and fear, the game was designed so that even such mundane actions as walking down a hall, opening a door, and reading a book could cause the player character to die. Though such deaths would only occur in select places, they would make the player feel unnerved whenever taking such actions.


title: Alone in the Dark (1992 video game)

text: During the game's production, Raynal and Barroz became romantically involved and conceived a child. Most of the production was marked with a spirit of optimism and creative enthusiasm, but the bug-testing phase wore out the team, especially Raynal. By the time it was released, he felt dissatisfied with almost every aspect of "Alone in the Dark" and felt certain that all of its flaws would be noticed by players.


title: Alone in the Dark (1992 video game)

text: Outside of Europe, "Alone in the Dark" was distributed in North America by Interplay Entertainment and in Japan by Arrow Micro-Techs Corp, which developed and published Japanese-exclusive versions for the PC-98 and FM Towns computers. The game was also ported to the 3DO by Krisalis in 1994. This version is largely identical to the original, but uses the orchestrated version of the original soundtrack and the voice acting to the character intros and documents that had already been introduced to the PC CD-ROM re-release of the game. This version was also published in Japan by Pony Canyon. An Atari Jaguar CD port was also in development by Infogrames but it was never released. A 32X version was also planned but never released.


title: Alone in the Dark (1992 video game)

text: In 2012, when asked for a possible high-definition remake of "Alone in the Dark", Raynal said he loved the idea but no attempts have been made yet as he no longer holds the rights to the franchise. There was an attempt to remake the game by Eden Games but after the release of the 2008 "Alone In The Dark", which received lukewarm reception, parent company Atari laid off most of the employees and ultimately cancelled the game. Screenshots and gameplay footage of the prototype came out soon afterward.


title: Alone in the Dark (1992 video game)

text: In 2014, Atari released an official port for iOS, co-developed by Kung Fu Factory. It received mixed to poor reviews as it was a direct port with no proper enhancements to make it playable with touch screen controls. Since 2022, the port has not been updated, making it unplayable for modern operating systems.


title: Alone in the Dark (1992 video game)

text: In August 2022, an announcement was made that a reboot of 1992 original was in development. THQ Nordic, the new owner of the "Alone In The Dark" franchise, will publish and develop the game for the PC, PlayStation 5, and Xbox Series X/S. It features the same 2 protagonists in the same setting but with a completely new story written by Mikael Hedberg, former Frictional Games writer who had worked on ", ", and "SOMA."


title: Alone in the Dark (1992 video game)

text: By February 1997, "Alone in the Dark" had sold 600,000 copies. According to the French newspaper "Libération", it sold 2.5 million units by January 2000.


title: Alone in the Dark (1992 video game)

text: "Alone in the Dark" was met with great critical acclaim. "Computer Gaming World"s Charles Ardai praised the game, citing its multiple viewpoints and stating that no previous game had caused him to "jump in fright at the slightest sound .. I feel that I have been inside a real house". He described the game as "truly a diabolical simulation, rich in evil imaginings and unexpected twists". In the same issue Scorpia was more critical, citing issues such as books that killed without warning when read. She stated that ""Alone in the Dark" is one of those neat games with some irritating flaws. It sets a good atmosphere ... Using Lovecraftian overtones adds a lot ... The view shifts are a novel and effective addition", and concluded that it "is a nice change of pace from the usual run of adventure games". In 1994 the magazine said that "The floppy-based version was simply the best horror game for the computer in years", and that the CD version "offers better animation and more eerie sounds".


title: Alone in the Dark (1992 video game)

text: Reviewing the 3DO version, "GamePro" described it as "a clunky, semirealistic game", citing restrictively linear game design, an overly slow-moving player character, and "silly-looking, quirky-moving monsters", though they did praise the moody sound effects and 3D camera angles. In contrast, "Electronic Gaming Monthly" commented "A faithful translation of the PC title, this game has excellent graphics and sound ... for fans of more deliberate game play, this is the one to get." "Next Generation" reviewed the 3DO version of the game, and stated that ""Alone"'s subtle mix of eerie music, grim animation sequences, and suspense-filled storyline create an atmosphere of tense horror that adds an interesting new twist to the standard graphic adventure."


title: Alone in the Dark (1992 video game)

text: A review for the Macintosh version in "Next Generation" stated that "Eerie, flowing movement and less-is-more polygonal simplicity make this Lovecraft-inspired game all the more creepy." Praising the game's sound effects, balance of action with more cerebral gameplay, and mood-setting camera angles, the reviewer dubbed it "A breakthrough game".


title: Alone in the Dark (1992 video game)

text: "Alone in the Dark" won many prestigious gaming industry awards, including the European Computer Trade Show 1993 awards for Best Graphics, Most Original Game and Best French Game of the year, and the Consumer Electronics Show 1993 award for Best Foreign Game. In 1994, "PC Gamer US" named "Alone in the Dark" the 10th best computer game ever. The editors called it "without a doubt, one of the most unique and exciting games ever." That same year, "PC Gamer UK" named it the 31st best computer game of all time, calling it "a classic title." In 1996, "Computer Gaming World" ranked "Alone in the Dark" as the 88th best video game of all time, adding that it "showed that 3D action needn't get in the way of a tense, exciting story", also listing the game's Game Over cutscene among the 15 "best ways to die in computer gaming". In 1998, "PC Gamer" declared it the 22nd-best computer game ever released, and the editors called it "the high-point of the series thanks to its spine-tingling storyline and creepy monsters". In 2005, "Game Informer" put it on their list of top 25 most influential video games of all time. In 2009, "Empire" included "Alone in the Dark" on their list of 100 greatest video games of all time for its "ingenious approach coming closer than any game had before to photo-realism, and inspiring other developers to experiment with fresh approaches to presentation."


title: Alone in the Dark (1992 video game)

text: "Alone in the Dark" was supposed to be the first part of Infogrames' "Call of Cthulhu" series, and later of the "Virtual Dreams" series (the original French cover included the "Virtual Dreams" logo), but ended up starting its own franchise. The game was followed by five more games in the series: "Alone in the Dark 2" (1993), "Alone in the Dark 3" (1994), "" (2001), "Alone in the Dark" (2008) and "" (2015), and inspired two live-action films "Alone in the Dark" and "Alone in the Dark II". It is widely considered to be a forefather of the survival horror game genre, setting the standard for later rival popular survival horror games such as "Resident Evil" and "Silent Hill".


title: Strikeout

text: In baseball or softball, a strikeout (or strike-out) occurs when a batter accumulates three strikes during a time at bat. It usually means that the batter is out. A strikeout is a statistic recorded for both pitchers and batters, and is denoted by K in scorekeeping and statistics. A "strikeout looking" — in which the batter does not swing and the third strike is called by the umpire — is usually denoted by a ꓘ.


title: Strikeout

text: Although a strikeout suggests that the pitcher dominated the batter, the free-swinging style that generates home runs also leaves batters susceptible to striking out. Some of the greatest home run hitters of all time—such as Alex Rodriguez, Reggie Jackson, and Jim Thome—were notorious for striking out.


title: Strikeout

text: A pitched ball is ruled a "ball" by the umpire if the batter did not swing at it and, in that umpire's judgement, it does not pass through the strike zone. Any pitch at which the batter swings unsuccessfully or, that in that umpire's judgement passes through the strike zone, is ruled a "strike". Each ball and strike affects the count, which is incremented for each pitched ball with the exception of a foul ball on any count with two strikes. That is, a third strike may only occur by the batter swinging and missing at a pitched ball, or the pitched ball being ruled a strike by the umpire with no swing by the batter. A pitched ball that is struck by the batter with the bat on any count, and is not a foul ball or foul tip, is "in play". A batter may also strike out by bunting, even if the ball is hit into foul territory.


title: Strikeout

text: A pitcher receives credit for (and a batter is charged with) a strikeout on any third strike, but a batter is out only if one of the following is true:


title: Strikeout

text: Thus, it is possible for a batter to strike out, but still become a runner and reach base safely if the catcher is unable to catch the third strike cleanly, and he then does not either tag out the batter or force him out at first base. In Japan, this is called , or "swing and escape". In Major League Baseball, it is known as an uncaught third strike. When this happens, a strikeout is recorded for both the pitcher and the batter, but no out is recorded. Because of this, a pitcher may occasionally be able to record more than three strikeouts in one inning.


title: Strikeout

text: It is also possible for a strikeout to result in a fielder's choice. With the bases loaded and two strikes with two outs, the catcher drops the ball or catches it on the bounce. The batter-runner is obliged to run for first base and other base-runners are obliged to attempt to advance one base. Should the catcher field the ball and step on home plate before the runner from third base can score, then the runner from third base is forced out.


title: Strikeout

text: In baseball scorekeeping, a swinging strikeout is recorded as a K, or a K-S. A strikeout looking (where the batter does not swing at a pitch that the umpire then calls strike three) is often scored with a backwards K (ꓘ), and sometimes as a K-L, CK, or Kc (the 'c' for 'called' strike). In terms of game play, swinging and looking strikeouts are exactly equivalent; the difference in notation is simply to record this aspect of the time at bat. Despite the scorekeeping custom of using "K" for strikeout, "SO" is the official abbreviation used by Major League Baseball.


title: Strikeout

text: "K" is still commonly used by fans and enthusiasts for purposes other than official record-keeping. One baseball ritual involves fans attaching a succession of small "K" signs to the nearest railing, one added for every strikeout notched by the home team's pitcher, following a tradition started by New York Mets fans in honor of "Dr. K", Dwight Gooden. The "K" may be placed backwards (ꓘ) in cases where the batter strikes out looking, just as it would appear on a scorecard. Virtually every televised display of a high-strikeout major league game will include a shot of a fan's strikeout display, and if the pitcher continues to strike out batters, the display may be shown following every strikeout.


title: Strikeout

text: The use of "K" for a strikeout was invented by Henry Chadwick, a newspaper journalist who is widely credited as the originator of the box score and the baseball scorecard. As is true in much of baseball, both the box score and scorecard remain largely unchanged to this day. Chadwick decided to use "K", the last letter in "struck", since the letter "S" was used for "sacrifice". Chadwick was responsible for several other scorekeeping conventions, including the use of numbers to designate player positions.


title: Strikeout

text: Those unaware of Chadwick's contributions have speculated that "K" was derived from the last name of 19th century pitcher Matt Kilroy. If not for the evidence supporting Chadwick's earlier use of "K", this explanation would be reasonable. Kilroy raised the prominence of the strikeout, setting an all-time single-season record of 513 strikeouts in 1886, only two years after overhand pitching was permitted. His record, however, is limited to its era since the pitcher's mound was only from the batter during that season. It was moved to its current distance of 60'6" in 1893. The modern record (1901–present) is 383 strikeouts, held by Nolan Ryan, one better than Sandy Koufax's 382.


title: Strikeout

text: For 55 years, Walter Johnson held the career strikeout record, at 3,508. That record fell in 1982 to Nolan Ryan, who was then passed by Steve Carlton, before Ryan took the career strikeout record for good at 5,714.


title: Strikeout

text: Early rules stated that "three balls being struck at and missed and the last one caught, is a hand-out; if not caught is considered fair, and the striker bound to run." The modern rule has changed very little. The addition of the called strike came in 1858.


title: Strikeout

text: In 1880, the rules were changed to specify that a third strike had to be caught on the fly. A later adjustment to the dropped third strike rule specified that a batter is automatically out when there are fewer than two out and a runner on first base. In 1887, the number of strikes for an out was changed to four, but it was promptly changed back to three the next season.


title: Strikeout

text: The rule that a third strike (only) must be caught originates in the concept that a third strike is not an automatic out, but rather puts the ball in play. The rule was described at least as early as Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths' 1793 book "Gymnastik für die Jugend" (Gymnastics for Youth), and has remained in effect since. After the third strike, the ball being in play, the batter (now a runner) must be put out. This is almost always done immediately the strike is made, by the catcher (putouts on strikeouts are still credited to the catcher), but if the ball is not caught on the fly by the catcher, the batter/runner must be put out by the same means as any other runner who puts a ball in play which is not caught on the fly – by soaking (hitting the runner with a ball thrown by a fielder, now long obsolete), or by being tagged out, or by leaving the baseline, or by force out at first base.


title: Strikeout

text: A swinging strikeout is often called a "whiff", while a batter who is struck out by a fastball is often said to have been "blown away". A batter who strikes out on a swung third strike is said to have "fanned" (as in a fanning motion), whereas if he takes a called third strike it is called a "punchout" (describing the plate umpire's dramatic punching motion on a called third strike). However, sometimes these words are used as general synonyms for a strikeout, irrespective of whether it was swinging or looking. The announcer Ernie Harwell called a batter who took a called third strike, usually on the other team, "out for excessive window-shopping" or having "stood like the house by the side of the road".


title: Strikeout

text: On a called third strike, it is said that the batter was "caught looking", or that he looked at a strike. Typically, a called third strike can be somewhat more embarrassing for a batter, as it shows that he was either fooled by the pitcher or, even worse, had a moment of hesitation.


title: Strikeout

text: For example, Carlos Beltrán was caught looking at strike 3 to end the 2006 NLCS, and the season, for the New York Mets. Sports commentators have also been known to refer to it as "browsing" if the batter did not move his bat at all.


title: Strikeout

text: A pitcher is said to "strike out the side" when he retires all three batters in a half-inning by striking them out. This term is also used when all three outs were caused by strike outs, regardless of how other batters in the inning fared. If a pitcher strikes out three batters on nine pitches, he is said to have pitched an "immaculate inning". A batter that takes the third strike looking, especially on a breaking pitch like a slider or a curveball that appears to be out of the strike zone but drops in before he can get the bat off his shoulders, can be said to have been "frozen".


title: Strikeout

text: In slang, when a batter strikes out three times in a game, he is said to have completed a "hat trick". If he strikes out four times, it is called a "golden sombrero". He receives a "platinum sombrero" if he strikes out five times, and this dishonor is also known as the "Olympic Rings".


title: Strikeout

text: Striking out six times is a rare occurrence, which in the history of major league play has only occurred in games that went to extra innings, with Sam Horn of the Baltimore Orioles being one of the few to do this. The slugger's then-teammate, pitcher Mike Flanagan, told reporters after that 1991 event that six strikeouts would thereafter be known as a "Horn". He added that if anyone ever strikes out seven times in one game, it will be a "Horn of Plenty".


title: Strikeout

text: Some pitchers who specialize in strikeouts have acquired nicknames including the letter "K". Dwight Gooden was known as "Doctor K" (back-referencing basketball star Julius Erving a.k.a. "Dr. J"). Francisco Rodríguez is known as "K-Rod". Roger Clemens has taken the "K" name to an extreme by naming his four sons Koby, Kory, Kacy, and Kody. Tim Lincecum is nicknamed "The Say 'K' Kid", referencing former Giants player Willie Mays who was called "The Say Hey Kid". Daisuke Matsuzaka is known as "Dice-K", a term which was used as a pronunciation guide for his name when he first arrived in MLB.


title: Strikeout

text: Hall of Fame strikeout artist Sandy Koufax of the Los Angeles Dodgers coincidentally has a last name starting with "K", and in his call of the pitcher's perfect game in 1965, Dodgers announcer Vin Scully commented that Koufax's name "will always remind you of strikeouts".


title: Strikeout

text: If a third strike is not caught cleanly by the catcher, it is still recorded as a strikeout for both the pitcher and the batter, but the batter becomes a runner and the play is still alive. (This is not true when first base is occupied and there are fewer than two outs; see Uncaught third strike.) The runner may take first base unless the defense tags or throws him out. Therefore, a pitcher can achieve more than three strikeouts in one standard half-inning.


title: Strikeout

text: Prior to 1960, the event occurred only seven times. The first Major League player to be credited with the feat was Ed "Cannonball" Crane of the New York Giants on October 4, 1888. It has occurred in Major League Baseball 76 times. Chuck Finley accomplished the feat on May 12 and August 15, 1999, with the Anaheim Angels and again on April 16, 2000, with the Cleveland Indians. Pete Richert of the Los Angeles Dodgers is the only pitcher to do it in his MLB debut (April 12, 1962, against the Cincinnati Reds). Steve Delabar struck out four men in the 10th inning, and recorded the win in a 3–2 victory over the Chicago White Sox on August 13, 2012, making him the first pitcher in major league history to record four strikeouts in an extra inning.


title: Strikeout

text: For a list of pitchers who have achieved more than three strikeouts in an inning, including the most recent pitcher to do so, see List of Major League Baseball single-inning strikeout leaders.


title: Strikeout

text: Five strikeouts in one inning have never occurred in a regulation Major League Baseball game. They have occurred at least six times at the minor league level. John Perkovitsh of Wisconsin Rapids did so against Oshkosh in a Wisconsin State League game on May 17, 1946, while Ron Necciai of Bristol in the Appalachian League accomplished the feat against Johnson City on May 17, 1952. Kelly Wunsch of the Beloit Brewers fanned five in the third inning on April 15, 1994. Mike Schultz of the Lancaster JetHawks struck out five batters in one inning on July 16, 2004, and Garrett Bauer of the Rockford RiverHawks struck out five batters in one inning on July 1, 2008. Most recently, Malcolm Van Buren of the Burlington Royals struck out five in the seventh inning of a game on July 31, 2019. That this has never happened in Major League play reflects the rarity of a pitcher getting a strikeout with an uncaught third strike, but also that,


title: Strikeout

text: Houston Astros pitcher Joe Niekro struck out five Minnesota Twins batters in the first inning of an exhibition spring training game on April 7, 1976, in New Orleans. Niekro's catcher, Cliff Johnson, was charged with five passed balls in the inning. Exhibition games are not recorded in official statistics.


title: Strikeout

text: The top 10 Major League Baseball career strikeout-per-nine innings leaders (since 1900, minimum 1,000 IP):


title: Strikeout

text: The top 5 Major League Baseball single-season strikeout-per-nine innings leaders (since 1900, minimum 1.0 IP per team game):


title: Strikeout

text: Progression of major league strikeout record for one nine-inning game, regular season (partial listing):


title: Strikeout

text: Note: Tom Cheney struck out 21 batters overall, in a 16-inning game, September 12, 1962. He had 13 strikeouts through the first nine innings.


title: Southern University

text: Southern University and A&M College (Southern University, Southern, SUBR or SU) is a public historically black land-grant university in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. It is the largest historically black college or university (HBCU) in Louisiana, a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund, and the flagship institution of the Southern University System. Its campus encompasses 512 acres, with an agricultural experimental station on an additional 372-acre site, five miles north of the main campus on Scott's Bluff overlooking the Mississippi River in the northern section of Baton Rouge.


title: Southern University

text: Southern University's 13 intercollegiate athletics teams are known as the Jaguars, and are members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) in NCAA Division I. The Human Jukebox is a well known collegiate marching band that has been representing the university since 1947.


title: Southern University

text: At the 1879 Louisiana State Constitutional Convention, African-American political leaders P.B.S. Pinchback, Theophile T. Allain and Henry Demas proposed founding a higher education institution "for the education of persons of color." Louisiana before the American Civil War had an established class of free people of color, who were often property owners and educated; they kept that tradition for their children.


title: Southern University

text: In 1880, the Louisiana General Assembly chartered what was then called Southern University for Colored Students, originally located in New Orleans. Southern opened its doors on with 12 students. The school was held for a time at the former Israel Sinai Temple on Calliope Street, between St. Charles and Camp streets.


title: Southern University

text: In 1890, the legislature designated Southern as a land grant college for blacks, in order to continue to satisfy federal requirements under the land grant program to support higher education for all students in the state, despite having a segregated system. It established an Agricultural and Mechanical department.


title: Southern University

text: The 1904 "Picayune Guide to New Orleans" described the university, then on the 5100 block of Magazine Street in Uptown New Orleans, as "for the education of colored persons. Coeducation is in force here. The school is excellent and the instruction of an advanced character."


title: Southern University

text: For various reasons (including proximity to more rural Louisiana residents and pressure from White neighbors in the Tulane area), in 1914 the university moved to Scotlandville, along Scott's Bluff facing the Mississippi River and north of Baton Rouge. Now absorbed into the capital, this area is included as a historic destination of the Louisiana African American Heritage Trail.


title: Southern University

text: The first president of what is now known as Southern University at Baton Rouge was Dr. Joseph Samuel Clark. Clark, an African-American leader from Baton Rouge. He had led Baton Rouge College and the Louisiana Colored Teachers Association.


title: Southern University

text: In 1921, the Louisiana Constitutional Convention authorized the reorganization and expansion of Southern University; Legislative Act 100 of 1922 provided that the institution be reorganized under the control of the State Board of Education. Clark presided over Southern University during its resulting expansion. Student enrollment grew from 47 to 500, and two of the school's early buildings were built during this time.


title: Southern University

text: The Southern University Laboratory School System began operating in September 1922. The Laboratory School was first accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools in 1936 and has conferred more than 5,000 high school diplomas since its inception. Clark presided until his retirement in 1938.


title: Southern University

text: Clark's son Dr. Felton Grandison Clark was appointed as president that year. He had been serving as a dean at Southern since 1934. The State School for the Negro Deaf and Blind was established here in 1938, under supervision of Southern University. In 1943, the university was visited by the First Lady, Eleanor Roosevelt. F. G. Clark generated much more expansion of the university: 33 of 114 current buildings were erected during his 30 years of tenure. The student enrollment grew from 500 to nearly 10,000 students by the end of his tenure.


title: Southern University

text: Under segregated state education, LSU Law School had refused to admit Charles J. Hatfield, III, an African American college graduate who filed a lawsuit in 1946 to gain professional education in the state. A special Louisiana Convention established a law program in 1947 at Southern University; it is now known as the Southern University Law Center. F. G. Clark expanded affiliated centers for Southern University, founding Southern University at New Orleans (SUNO) (1956) and Southern University at Shreveport (SUSLA) (1964). They were officially incorporated by the legislature into the Southern University System in 1974.


title: Southern University

text: In 1969, Clark retired and Dr. G. Leon Netterville was selected as president. On November 16, 1972, in a second day of protests as students argued to be included in determining administration policies and decisions, Denver Smith and Leonard Brown were shot during a protest outside the Old Auditorium (now the Southern University Museum of Art). The murders have never been solved, but the students were killed with buckshot, which the sheriff's deputies were using. These two students were involved with "Students United," a student activist group. The governor and sheriff's office denied that their people were responsible for the deaths. Governor Edwin Edwards ordered the campus temporarily closed, and it was patrolled by troops to keep the peace.


title: Southern University

text: The institution continued to grow. In 1974, a special session in the Louisiana Legislature established the Southern University System, with Jesse N. Stone of Shreveport as its president. The system consists of Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge (SUBR); Southern University, New Orleans (SUNO); Southern University Law Center (SULC); Southern University Agricultural Center (SUAC); and Southern University, Shreveport (SUSLA). SUSLA is a two-year, commuter college.


title: Southern University

text: The Southern University Museum of Art at Shreveport has been designated as a destination of the Louisiana African American Heritage Trail.


title: Southern University

text: In 1978, the legislature merged the Southern School for the Deaf with the Louisiana School for the Deaf, moving the students temporarily into the Mayflower North Campus, during construction of the new South Campus. In 1985, they entered the new buildings in the South.


title: Southern University

text: Between 1970 and 1990, the university consistently enrolled over 10,000 students and secured the title of being the largest HBCU in the nation.


title: Southern University

text: Between 2004 and 2013, Southern University ranked 4th in the nation for baccalaureate-origin institution of black male doctorate recipients.


title: Southern University

text: In 2021, Southern attained the R2 Carnegie Classification (Doctoral University; High Research Activity). Southern is one of only 11 HBCUs to be granted R2 status and the first HBCU in Louisiana in this category.


title: Southern University

text: The Southern University Law Center is one of only two public law schools in Louisiana. The law school is accredited by the American Bar Association and was established in 1947. The law school has approximately 700 full-time and part-time students and operates as an independent entity.


title: Southern University

text: In 2018, Southern University's Rehabilitation Counseling master's degree program ranked 58th in the nation according to "U.S. News & World Report".


title: Southern University

text: In 2017, the College of Nursing and Allied Health won Louisiana's nursing school of the year award given by the Louisiana Nursing Foundation for the fourth time. The college is the only in Louisiana to offer a PhD in Nursing and is the largest producer of African Americans with Master of Science in Nursing degrees in the nation.


title: Southern University

text: Southern University is the only HBCU and one of six public universities in Louisiana with an engineering program.


title: Southern University

text: The Dolores Spikes Honors College is a selective non degree-granting college specifically established to provide an enhanced educational experience for undergraduates with strong academic achievements and intellectual ability. The college is named after Southern University graduate and only woman president of the institution, Dr. Dolores Richard Spikes.


title: Southern University

text: Southern University and A&M College is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS).


title: Southern University

text: Lake Kernan flows through the center of the campus and the Mississippi River forms its western boundary. Since 1960, buildings containing more than 2,000,000 square feet of floor area have been constructed. The campus is often affectionately referred to as "The Bluff."


title: Southern University

text: The Smith-Brown Memorial Union, a 66,200-square feet multipurpose building which serves as a major center for extracurricular activities. The recently renovated Union features a


title: Southern University

text: six food court with popular food outlets; barber and beauty shops; television rooms; 12 bowling lanes; a game room


title: Southern University

text: for billiards, video games, and quiet games; an art gallery; a browsing room; a ballroom, meeting and conference


title: Southern University

text: The John B. Cade Library is a 154,000 square foot edifice named after the John Brother Cade, the first principal of Southern University Laboratory School. The library contains over a million volumes, nearly 2,000 journal subscriptions, 600,000 microforms and 1,800 recordings. The library houses the Camille Shade African-American Heritage Collection on the 3rd floor.


title: Southern University

text: The F.G. Clark Activity Center has accommodations for theater, athletic events, conferences, convocations and recreational activities. The building houses the Athletic Department.


title: Southern University

text: Supervisors, the Southern University System officers, the President-Chancellor of the Baton Rouge campus, and


title: Southern University

text: As of fall 2015, 65% of students were female and 35% male. 85% of students were from Louisiana; East Baton Rouge Parish, Orleans Parish, and St. Landry Parish were the top three feeder parishes. The top three feeder states for out-of-state students were Texas (244 students), California (71 students), and Georgia (65 students). There were 199 students from a foreign country. Approximately 90% of SU students identified as black and 10% identified as non-black.


title: Southern University

text: The Southern Jaguars and Lady Jaguars represent the university in NCAA intercollegiate athletics. Southern's sports teams participate in Division I (FCS for football) in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC).


title: Southern University

text: For more than 20 years, NBC has provided live coverage of Southern University's football game, the Bayou Classic, against its northern Louisiana SWAC rival, Grambling State University.


title: Southern University

text: The Southern University marching band, better known as the Human Jukebox, has been featured in numerous television commercials, music videos and has been invited to participate in the annual Rose Parade in Pasadena, California, Presidential Inauguration ceremonies and six Super Bowl halftime presentations. The band was also featured in the music videos for the Jonas Brothers song, "Pom Poms" and for Lizzo song, "Good as Hell". In 2008, The band was named "Best Dressed Marching Band" by FashionNews.com, and named "#1 Band In The Nation" by "USA Today". In 2014, the NCAA ranked the band second best in the nation.


title: Southern University

text: The band is well known for their powerful and dominating sound in the stands, precise, show stopping, high stepping, and entertaining drills on the field, and as being the only HBCU marching band to feature one drum major during performances.


title: Southern University

text: The university's weekly student produced newspaper is "The Southern Digest". The award-winning newspaper was established in 1926 and operates under the Southern University Office of Media Services. "The Bluff" is an internet radio station managed by students that offers a mixture of news, interviews, and music.


title: Southern University

text: There are nearly 150 student organizations active on campus. The organizations belong in one of the following categories: Academic, Honors Societies, Multicultural, Non-NPHC Greeks, NPHC Greeks, Political, Professional, Religious, Service, Social, Special Interest, Sports, and School Spirit.


title: Southern University

text: Southern University was the first HBCU to house a live exotic animal mascot on campus. Henry J. Bellaire, alumnus and president of the 1961 senior class, and alumna Helen Williams presented a baby jaguar as a gift to the university. The jaguar was named "Lacumba" (meaning "Heart of Africa") and was born on May 26, 1971. In 1991, Lacumba retired to the Acadiana Zoo in Broussard, LA and was replaced with Lacumba II. Lacumba II (commonly referred to as simply Lacumba) was born on May 12, 1991, the offspring of two rare black jaguars bred in hopes of producing a rare black jaguar. However, Lacumba II was born brown; it grew to be 200 pounds. Lacumba II died of natural causes at the age of 15 in December 2004 and was the last jaguar to live on campus. Animal rights advocates dissuaded the university from purchasing a new jaguar. The jaguar pen remains in front of the A.W. Mumford football stadium off Harding Boulevard. The legacy of Lacumba lives on through the school's costumed jaguar mascot and Cafe Lacumba on campus.


title: Abdulla Shahid

text: Abdulla Shahid (; born 26 May 1962) is Maldivian politician who served as President of the 76th United Nations General Assembly between 2021 and 2022. Shahid is the first Maldivian politician to hold that post. He has been serving as Minister of Foreign Affairs, Maldives since 2018.


title: Abdulla Shahid

text: Shahid joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1984, then he had his bachelor's degree in political science at the Canberra College of Advanced Education in 1987. In 1990, he was a member of the advisory board of President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom until 1994. In the meantime, he took a master's degree in international relations from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University in 1991.


title: Abdulla Shahid

text: Shahid served as the Speaker of the People’s Majlis of the Maldives from 2009 to 2014. He was elected as the Speaker of the People’s Majlis on 28 May 2009, the seventeenth holder of the position. He won 42 votes out of 75 votes. Shahid played a key role in the Maldives’ transition to democracy in 2008. Abdulla Shahid is a member of MDP and is the parliament member for Henveiru Uthuru.


title: Abdulla Shahid

text: Prior to his role as an MP, Shahid served in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 1984, eventually becoming Director in 1993. In this capacity, he also headed the International Organizations and Conferences Department, representing the Maldives at meetings and international gatherings including the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement and the Organization of Islamic Conference.


title: Abdulla Shahid

text: In 2000, Shahid was elected as the Representative of the Vaavu Atoll constituency and served two terms as the Atoll’s Member. Shahid served in the Special Majlis (July 2004 – August 2008) which drafted the new Constitution of the Maldives. In May 2009, in the first multi-party parliamentary elections of the Maldives, Shahid won the Keyodhoo Constituency.


title: Abdulla Shahid

text: Shahid served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 23 August 2007 to 11 November 2008, in the presidency of Maumoon Abdul Gayoom. He had been appointed Minister of State for Foreign Affairs in 2005.


title: Abdulla Shahid

text: On 15 April 2013, Shahid resigned from the Dhivehi Rayyithunge Party. On 18 April 2013, he announced on Twitter that he had signed for MDP.


title: Abdulla Shahid

text: On 7 June 2021, Shahid was elected as the 76th President of the United Nations General Assembly with an overwhelming 75 percent majority, with 143 in favour, 48 against, and no abstentions or invalid votes. On 23 December 2021 Shahid tested positive for COVID-19.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: The original "Kagaku Ninja-tai Gatchaman" series was followed by and two direct sequel series, "Gatchaman II" (1978) and "Gatchaman Fighter" (1979). During the 1990s, episodes from both series were dubbed into English by Saban as "Eagle Riders".


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: In the years since, the franchise has spawned many different productions, some that were left unproduced or evolved significantly from its development. This includes a 1994 original animated video remake, an unproduced 1998 television remake, a cancelled 2011 animated film reboot by Imagi Animation Studios, a 2013 Japanese live-action film reboot by Nikkatsu Studios, various spinoffs, re-imaginings, and merchandise.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: Recurring themes of "Gatchaman" involve conservation, environmentalism and the responsible use of technology for progress. The series centers around five young superhero ninja employed by Kōzaburō Nambu of the fictitious International Science Organization to oppose an international terrorist organization of technologically advanced villains (Galactor) who are trying to control Earth's natural resources, such as water, oil, sugar and uranium. The leader of Galactor is an androgynous, masked antagonist named Berg Katse, who is later revealed to be a shape-shifting mutant acting on the orders of an alien superior (Leader X). Their mechas are often animal-based.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: Most of the team are in their late teens, except for Jinpei (who is about ten or eleven years old). They include "Ken Washio", the team leader and tactical expert; "Jō Asakura", his second-in-command marksman and weapons expert; "Jun", the team's electronics and demolitions expert; "Jinpei", the youngest and the reconnaissance expert as well as an adopted brother of Jun; and "Ryū Nakanishi", the ship's pilot. The main characters wear teen clothing with T-shirts numbered to show their rank in the team or caped, birdlike battle uniforms. The Science Ninja Team is often aided by a squadron of combat pilots led by the enigmatic Red Impulse, who is later revealed as Ken's father.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: The Gatchaman team employs a unique and effective martial art developed by Dr. Nambu, drawing on their ability to perform feats similar to their avian namesakes, such as high-speed running, flight, high jumping, and silent attacks. This fighting system, known as , is mentioned in the Japanese lyrics of the "Gatchaman" theme. The team members also use signature weapons and mecha-style vehicles, each with a mundane, disguised form. To change modes, each member is equipped with a wrist device that, in addition to communications and tracking, enables a change when the proper gesture and voice command ("Bird, go!") is given.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: Their vehicles are docked in the team's main vehicle: the God Phoenix, a supersonic plane capable of underwater travel and space flight. The God Phoenix is armed with Bird Missiles, which are fired from a rack mounted atop the center section. After the original God Phoenix is destroyed by an octopus mecha, an improved version carries a pair of Super Bird Missiles in twin drop-down pods on the bottom center section. The ship also has an energy-beam weapon that opens the nose doors for the weapon apparatus mounted on the frame holding Joe's car; however, its solar power source is unreliable because of its sensitivity to cloud cover. The plane can also temporarily transform into a massive bird of flame (like the legendary phoenix) to escape danger or attack, although the process endangers the team because of extreme pressure in the passenger cabin and it consumes a great deal of fuel.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: Created in the wake of the Henshin (transformation) boom begun by Shotaro Ishinomori's "Kamen Rider" in 1971, "Gatchaman" was conceived as a blending of ninja adventure with science fiction. It was one of the most successful anime attempts to emulate the American superhero genre, with many of its conventions (such as colorful costumes).


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: In 1978, Tatsunoko released a condensed theatrical compilation of the first two-story arcs in the series with additional new animation.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: The film was released in English for the first time by Sentai Filmworks in 2015. The dub featured the cast reprising their roles from the ADV dub of the original TV anime for the film.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: After its broadcast in Japan, "Gatchaman" was later exported to other countries and translated into several languages. In Taiwan, beginning in 1977 it was known as "Ke Xue Xiao Fei Xia" (/ "kēxué xiǎofēixiá", "Scientific Flying Fantasy Warriors").


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: The original series has seen several English adaptations with varying levels of modifications. Many of these versions later spawned foreign-language releases of their own:


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: Sandy Frank and Jameson Brewer syndicated the series on American television in 1978, in heavily edited form, as "Battle of the Planets" ("BOTP"). Several scenes were replaced with new segments by Gallerie International Films, with additional characters: 7-Zark-7 and his associates, 1-Rover-1 (a robot dog) and Susan, in a number of space outposts. Other segments included the Phoenix flying in space. The quality of the new segments did not match the original content, with the G-Force and 7-Zark-7 appearing together. New music by Hoyt Curtin was blended with the original soundtrack. Although all 105 episodes were used as sources, 85 sporadic episodes were released. An animated TV movie was made, combining several episodes into a new storyline. In 2003, Sandy Frank announced a series of eight compilation films that ultimately went unreleased.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: "Battle of the Planets" was released on VHS and DVD from 2001 to 2003 by Rhino Entertainment in six volumes and a complete DVD collection. The DVDs included a subtitled version of the corresponding Japanese episodes, alongside a single episode of the later English adaptation, "G-Force". When Sentai Filmworks acquired the rights to "Gatchaman" in 2014, "Battle of the Planets" became available to stream on The Anime Network and temporarily on Hulu.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: s a scrapped reboot of the first American adaptation of Science Ninja Team Gatchaman.Tatsunoko partnered up with d-rights and Nelvana, a Canadian animation company owned by Corus Entertainment, on the project. The last new information on the project was in 2016 and it appears to be canceled.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: With "Battle of the Planets" ending its syndicated run and broadcast standards becoming laxer, a second English translation from Turner Program Services and Fred Ladd, by license of Sandy Frank, was produced. Entitled "G-Force: Guardians of Space", this adaptation consisted of 85 episodes, spanning episodes 1–87 but skipping episodes 81 and 86. The series aired internationally beginning in 1987, but would not air in its entirety in the U.S until its run on Cartoon Network in 1995 & Air on toonami's midnight run in 2000. Although this version was less heavily edited and had a relatively faithful translation, the voice acting, background music and the Americanized character names were criticized.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: A single episode from "G-Force" was included as a bonus on Rhino's individual "Battle of the Planets" DVDs released through 2001 and 2003. Seven more episodes were released in a 2004 best-of collection, making 13 out of the show's 85 episodes available on disc.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: Development began for an uncensored version of "Battle of the Planets". An animated TV movie was made (Battle of the Planets: The Movie, featuring David Bret Edgen as Zark), combining several episodes into a new storyline. In 2003, Sandy Frank announced a series of 8 compilation films that ultimately went unreleased.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: Sandy Frank announced a third English adaptation of the series in 2003 that was also never released. "Battle of the Planets: The New Exploits of G-Force" was set to be a 52-episode series encompassing content from the first 85 episodes of "Gatchaman", the 20 previously unlocalized ones, and new CG animation produced by JulesWorld (including 7-Zark-7). The series would have been recorded at Ocean Studios in Vancouver, Canada and would have featured a new score and script to help modernize the show and create a tone in-between the two prior adaptations. While never released, the twenty-second episode of "Gatchaman" was adapted into a pilot called "The Sea Dragon". It received two forms: one that focused on adventure and action and another that focused on comedy. At the time, this rendition of the show was sold as "Battle of the Planets: The New Adventures of G-Force".


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: At Anime Central 2004, ADV Films announced that it had acquired the rights to release the series. From 2005–2006, the company released 18 volumes (and nine limited-edition sets) containing a new uncut English dub recorded in Texas and Japanese audio with English subtitles under the name "Gatchaman". This release included all 105 episodes. The dub aimed to be a faithful translation, without attempts to modify the show for younger viewers (including profanity and the word "kill"). The English dub contained creative changes: profanity, 1970s slang and thick, occasionally stereotypical accents were added. in 2012 the Series was released on Blu ray & dvd in Japan on October 19,2012.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: In 2007 Sandy Frank's long-term contract with Tatsunoko Productions (owners of the "Gatchaman" franchise), which gave it all domestic U.S rights to the first "Gatchaman" series and its English adaptations, lapsed and all video releases went out of print. Sentai Filmworks, a company founded by the creators of ADV, later signed a contract with Tatsunoko, acquiring the North American home video rights to the "Gatchaman" franchise in 2013.<ref name="Sentai TV/OVA License"></ref> Section23 Films released a complete collection of the series on DVD and Blu-ray on December 10, 2013. The Blu-ray set contains 14 discs in three keep cases, and the DVD set has 22 discs in four cases. Both sets contain all 105 episodes of the original series (with the ADV Films English version and Japanese audio).


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: A sequel, filmed with a different color process, was released four years later. Resembling the Blue Hawk, the new God Phoenix is larger and painted with the face of a bird. The personal mecha are also upgraded, with similar bird-designed paint jobs. Ryu has a tank-like mecha and a Pilot Machine to assist him.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: "Gatchaman II" sees Sosai X turn a young shipwreck survivor into his newest commander Gel Sadoma and resumes his plot to destroy the Earth. Gatchaman reunites with Joe, now a cyborg, after Galactor sends a spy to serve as his replacement on the team. The group is also aided by Dr. Pandora, who is revealed to be Gel Sadoma's mother.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: In the end, Sosai X is destroyed by Joe and Gel Sadoma dies after betraying Sosai X, after the villain murders her mother.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: Episodes from this series and "Gatchaman Fighter" were combined and translated into English as "Eagle Riders" in 1996 by Saban Entertainment. "Gatchaman II" served as the bulk of the series, though its ending is changed to have Gel Sadora turn into Gatchaman Fighter villain Egoblauser.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: Another release in South Korea is Eagle 5 Brothers (독수리 5 형제, Dokksuri Hyeongje) which does not contain unusual changes in audio. Instead, it contains visual changes.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: This series aired in 1979, immediately after "Gatchaman II". Here, the team's mecha bear no resemblance to birds. Earth is again threatened by evil; the mad tyrant Egoblauser (who has usurped control over the shattered forces of Galactor) and Sosai X, who has been reborn as Sosai Z.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: Unlike "Gatchaman II", "Gatchaman Fighter" is a much darker series, especially in the final episodes with regards to casualties and deaths of longtime series characters. The ending itself has Gatchaman presumed dead, sacrificing their lives to destroy Sosai X once and for all.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: Select episodes from this series and "Gatchaman II" were combined and translated into English as "Eagle Riders" in 1996 by Saban Entertainment.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: A 1994 original video animation remake series produced in association with Artmic that featured updated character designs and altered backgrounds.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: Urban Vision released it on VHS in 1997 and DVD in 2001 with an English dub produced by Harmony Gold and Japanese audio with English subtitles. In 2013, Sentai Filmworks licensed the series and produced a new English dub from Seraphim Digital with the same cast as their ADV/Sentai's releases of the original series and film. The new dub was released on DVD and Blu-Ray and is available for streaming on The Anime Network.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: is a project that was attempted around the same time that "Mach Go Go Go '97" was made. This version of "Speed Racer" was not so successful and as a result, it was canceled along with the project of "Gatchaman '98".


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: NTT Gatchaman was a series of commercials that were made to promote the Internet service provider NTT-East in fall 2000. Some of the commercials featured Japanese boy band group SMAP portraying live action versions of the characters, while the other two were animated by Tatsunoko Production and featured modernized costume redesigns of the Science Ninja Team. The animated commercials were directed by Keiichi Sato, with character designs by Kenji Hayama. A light novel based on these commercials were sent by e-mail by NTT-East as a gift for new subscribers. To this date, the contents of this light novel remain unknown.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: Based on sketches found on the Internet, fans have speculated if the commercials were an attempt to revive the franchise with a new anime. However, no such series was made at that time, and the franchise would not receive any new animated material for thirteen years until "Gatchaman Crowds".


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: In 2011, Tatsunoko produced a series of 200 two-minute flash animated shorts called for broadcast on NTV's "Zip!" television series. While the series used the original's designs, it was more comedic in nature and featured none of the original actors. The characters were instead voiced by Scha Dara Parr's Bose and Ani, along with actor Tomu Miyazaki.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: A reboot of the Gatchaman series premiered in July 2013 on NTV. The story is set in Tachikawa City, Tokyo, where some of its residents have been chosen to join a team to confront a mysterious entity known as MESS. The series follows Hajime Ichinose, a 16-year-old girl who is the team's newest member. A second season, titled "Gatchaman Crowds insight", started airing on July 6, 2015.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: As it aired in Japan, both seasons of the show were simulcast on Crunchyroll. Sentai Filmworks licensed and dubbed both seasons. They released them on home video between 2014 and 2016.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: Super deformed animal versions of the "Gatchaman" team appeared alongside similar renditions of Tatsunoko's "Casshan" and "Golden Lightan" in . The 26-episode anime series ran on Yomiuri TV between from October 4, 2010 and March 28, 2011.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: On March 26, 2016, Tatsunoko announced a collaboration with Digital Frontier to create the "Infini-T Force" 3D CGI anime project. The team features members from "Gatchaman" alongside "", "Casshan" and "Hurricane Polymar". Set for release in 2017 alongside Tatsunoko's 55th anniversary, the project will contain an original story and will not be an adaptation of Ukyō Kodachi and Tatsuma Ejiri's manga series.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: Imagi began developing a film version in 2004, with producer Tom Gray saying that it would have a PG-13 or R rating. A "Gatchaman" film was first announced in February 2006, with an expected 2008 release. Kevin Munroe ("TMNT") was scheduled to write and direct, with Lynne Southerland (co-director of "Mulan 2") as producer, and an initial treatment was begun. However, in 2008 Munroe was taken off the project to direct "Dylan Dog". Although early scripts were written by Paul Dini, in fall 2007 he was released from the project. In June 2007, Robert Mark Kamen was signed to write the screenplay in preparation for a 2008 release.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: At the July 2008 Comic-Con, Imagi introduced a Paul Dini-scripted trailer. In August, art director Felix Ip began posting screenshots from the trailer. At the July 2009 Anime Expo, Imagi shared another 45-second, Dini-scripted trailer. Although it did not reveal much plot, it was the first public look at the 3D characterizations of the main villain Galactor and the Gatchaman team in and out of costume. The trailer also introduced the film's theme: "A world in chaos, an alien evil, a lone warrior is found; Earth's last hope, five shall rise, Gatchaman." In July 2010 Imagi posted a new one-minute trailer for "Gatchaman" on its company website, with a release date of 2011.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: In December 2009, auditors reported growing concerns with the half-year results posted by Imagi. Although the company said that it was on course for the release of "Astro Boy", according to the audit firm "It is uncertain whether the group will have the necessary financial resources to complete [the films] "Gatchaman", "Tusker", and "Cat Tale"." In January 2009 the auditing firm announced that the studio lacked funding for the release of "Tusker", "Cat Tale" and "Gatchaman", although Felix Ip reported that "Gatchaman" was expected to be released later in 2009. In June 2009, Imagi opened "Gatchaman" for licensing and announced a planned 3-D theatrical release in 2011. On December 11, 2009 Imagi's Hong Kong-based parent company, Imagi International Holdings Limited, laid off 100 employees. In January 2010 it announced that although the "Gatchaman" project would be delivered in 100-percent stereoscopic 3D, to safeguard working capital it would close its U.S. subsidiaries. The U.S. closure was finalized in late January, with about 30 staffers laid off and a few key personnel continuing as consultants as Imagi sought $30 million from investors for its animation projects. In February 2010 the parent company laid off another 300 employees, calling the layoffs temporary as it sought new investors. On June 21, 2011, Imagi announced in its annual report that the "Gatchaman" film project was cancelled.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: Nikkatsu Studios produced a live-action version of "Gatchaman" for Japan, which was released in August 2013.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: It was announced at the San Diego Comic Con in July 2019 that Joe and Anthony Russo are producing a live-action "Battle of the Planets" film through their production company, AGBO Studios with the possibility of directing.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: Ken, Jun and Berg appear as playable characters in "Tatsunoko Fight". Ken and Jun appear as playable fighters in "", and Joe joins Ken and Jun in "."


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: In 2001, the Japanese magazine "Animage" listed the 1972 "Gatchaman" TV series the 10th-best anime production of all time.


title: Science Ninja Team Gatchaman

text: "Gatchaman" helped establish the convention of the five-member hero team emulated in later series, notably in the successful tokusatsu "Super Sentai" franchise (a genre exemplified by the English series adaptation of the "Power Rangers" franchise many years later). The Sentai series "Chōjin Sentai Jetman" was, in many ways, a homage to "Gatchaman".


title: Kathryn Hays

text: Kathryn Hays (born Kay Piper; July 26, 1934 – March 25, 2022) was an American actress, best known for her role as Kim Hughes on the CBS soap opera "As the World Turns" from 1972 to 2010.


title: Kathryn Hays

text: Hays was born Kay Piper in Princeton, Illinois, on July 26, 1934, the only child of Roger and Daisy (Hays) Piper. Her parents divorced shortly after her birth, and Hays was raised by her mother, a bookkeeper and a banker, and her stepfather, salesman Arnold Gottlieb.


title: Kathryn Hays

text: She took classes at Northwestern University, and worked as a model. In 1962, she changed her name to Kathryn Hays (using her mother's maiden name for her last name).


title: Kathryn Hays

text: Hays' first marriage was to Sidney Steinberg in 1957, with whom she had a daughter, Sherri. In 1966, Hays married actor Glenn Ford; the couple divorced in 1969. Her third husband was Wolfgang Lieschke, who was employed in the advertising industry.


title: Kathryn Hays

text: Early in her career, Hays made numerous appearances on episodic TV. In a 2010 interview with the website "We Love Soaps", Hays said of those appearances: "It was a great time to begin a career. It was when the guest stars on the primetime shows were almost always women. The running star would be a man. The main storyline would be a very rich part to play."


title: Kathryn Hays

text: In the 1966–67 television season, Hays appeared as Elizabeth Reynolds Pride in the NBC western series "The Road West", with co-stars Barry Sullivan, Andrew Prine, Kelly Corcoran and Glenn Corbett. She played Sullivan's wife and Prine's stepmother (though she was only three years his senior). Corbett appeared as her brother, Chance Reynolds. In 1968, she appeared on "" in the episode "The Empath" portraying Gem, a mute alien capable of assuming the pain and the injuries of others and, thereby, healing them. Other appearances included "Marcus Welby, M.D", "Bonanza", and "Branded".


title: Kathryn Hays

text: Hays also appeared in films such as "Ride Beyond Vengeance" (1966) and "Counterpoint" (1968) and in the TV film "Yuma" as Julie Williams. In later years, her TV appearances included "Law & Order" and "".


title: Kathryn Hays

text: Hays appeared on Broadway several times, including a production of "Dames at Sea" with Bernadette Peters.


title: Kathryn Hays

text: In 1972, she was cast as Kim Sullivan Hughes on CBS's "As the World Turns". She remained with "As the World Turns" until its final episode on September 17, 2010. The character of Kim was a pivotal heroine on the show for over thirty years. Hays was prominently featured in the 50th anniversary episode of the show, which aired in April 2006.


title: Kathryn Hays

text: Prior to her role on "As the World Turns," Hays played the role of Leslie Jackson Bauer Norris Bauer R. N. #2 on "The Guiding Light".


title: Kathryn Hays

text: In May 2020, she appeared in an episode of "The Locher Room", a series of YouTube episodes reuniting various soap actors.


title: Kathryn Hays

text: Hays died on March 25, 2022. She had been living in an assisted living facility at the time of her death. Her daughter, Sherri Mancusi, participated in a November 2022 fan tribute on "The Locher Room" YouTube channel that honored Hays; in the interview, Mancusi said that Hays had dementia in the years prior to her death. "Mom had dementia, that's what killed her and most people who have dementia are good at masking it," Mancusi said. "Mom was an Oscar contender, and she had people with her all day in her home and she was out in Illinois at that point. Having lived with an artist since the day I was born, I know something about artists and it's that they don't retire. She couldn't drive a car at that point or fix a meal or run her own life, but she could still do an interview, or do a show."


title: Accessory nerve

text: The accessory nerve, also known as the eleventh cranial nerve, cranial nerve XI, or simply CN XI, is a cranial nerve that supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. It is classified as the eleventh of twelve pairs of cranial nerves because part of it was formerly believed to originate in the brain. The sternocleidomastoid muscle tilts and rotates the head, whereas the trapezius muscle, connecting to the scapula, acts to shrug the shoulder.


title: Accessory nerve

text: Traditional descriptions of the accessory nerve divide it into a spinal part and a cranial part. The cranial component rapidly joins the vagus nerve, and there is ongoing debate about whether the cranial part should be considered part of the accessory nerve proper. Consequently, the term "accessory nerve" usually refers only to nerve supplying the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, also called the spinal accessory nerve.


title: Accessory nerve

text: Strength testing of these muscles can be measured during a neurological examination to assess function of the spinal accessory nerve. Poor strength or limited movement are suggestive of damage, which can result from a variety of causes. Injury to the spinal accessory nerve is most commonly caused by medical procedures that involve the head and neck. Injury can cause wasting of the shoulder muscles, winging of the scapula, and weakness of shoulder abduction and external rotation.


title: Accessory nerve

text: The fibres of the spinal accessory nerve originate solely in neurons situated in the upper spinal cord, from where the spinal cord begins at the junction with the medulla oblongata, to the level of about C6. These fibres join together to form rootlets, roots, and finally the spinal accessory nerve itself. The formed nerve enters the skull through the foramen magnum, the large opening at the skull's base. The nerve travels along the inner wall of the skull towards the jugular foramen. Leaving the skull, the nerve travels through the jugular foramen with the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. The spinal accessory nerve is notable for being the only cranial nerve to both enter and exit the skull. This is due to it being unique among the cranial nerves in having neurons in the spinal cord.


title: Accessory nerve

text: After leaving the skull, the cranial component detaches from the spinal component. The spinal accessory nerve continues alone and heads backwards and downwards. In the neck, the accessory nerve crosses the internal jugular vein around the level of the posterior belly of digastric muscle. As it courses downwards, the nerve pierces through the sternocleidomastoid muscle while sending it motor branches, then continues down until it reaches the trapezius muscle to provide motor innervation to its upper part.


title: Accessory nerve

text: The fibres that form the spinal accessory nerve are formed by lower motor neurons located in the upper segments of the spinal cord. This cluster of neurons, called the spinal accessory nucleus, is located in the lateral aspect of the anterior horn of the spinal cord, and stretches from where the spinal cord begins (at the junction with the medulla) through to the level of about C6. The lateral horn of high cervical segments appears to be continuous with the nucleus ambiguus of the medulla oblongata, from which the cranial component of the accessory nerve is derived.


title: Accessory nerve

text: In the neck, the accessory nerve crosses the internal jugular vein around the level of the posterior belly of digastric muscle, in front of the vein in about 80% of people, and behind it in about 20%, and in one reported case, piercing the vein.


title: Accessory nerve

text: Traditionally, the accessory nerve is described as having a small cranial component that descends from the medulla and briefly connects with the spinal accessory component before branching off of the nerve to join the vagus nerve. A study, published in 2007, of twelve subjects suggests that in the majority of individuals, this cranial component does not make any distinct connection to the spinal component; the roots of these distinct components were separated by a fibrous sheath in all but one subject.


title: Accessory nerve

text: The spinal component of the accessory nerve provides motor control of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. The trapezius muscle controls the action of shrugging the shoulders, and the sternocleidomastoid the action of turning the head. Like most muscles, control of the trapezius muscle arises from the opposite side of the brain. Contraction of the upper part of the trapezius muscle elevates the scapula. The nerve fibres supplying sternocleidomastoid, however, are thought to change sides () twice. This means that the sternocleidomastoid is controlled by the brain on the same side of the body. Contraction of the stenocleidomastoid fibres turns the head to the opposite side, the net effect meaning that the head is turned to the side of the brain receiving visual information from that area. The cranial component of the accessory nerve, on the other hand, provides motor control to the muscles of the soft palate, larynx and pharynx.


title: Accessory nerve

text: Among investigators there is disagreement regarding the terminology used to describe the type of information carried by the accessory nerve. As the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles are derived from the pharyngeal arches, some investigators believe the spinal accessory nerve that innervates them must carry specific special visceral efferent (SVE) information. This is in line with the observation that the spinal accessory nucleus appears to be continuous with the nucleus ambiguus of the medulla. Others consider the spinal accessory nerve to carry general somatic efferent (GSE) information. Still others believe it is reasonable to conclude that the spinal accessory nerve contains both SVE and GSE components.


title: Accessory nerve

text: The accessory nerve is tested by evaluating the function of the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles. The trapezius muscle is tested by asking the patient to shrug their shoulders with and without resistance. The sternocleidomastoid muscle is tested by asking the patient to turn their head to the left or right against resistance.


title: Accessory nerve

text: One-sided weakness of the trapezius may indicate injury to the nerve on the same side of an injury to the spinal accessory nerve on the same side () of the body being assessed. Weakness in head-turning suggests injury to the contralateral spinal accessory nerve: a weak leftward turn is indicative of a weak right sternocleidomastoid muscle (and thus right spinal accessory nerve injury), while a weak rightward turn is indicative of a weak left sternocleidomastoid muscle (and thus left spinal accessory nerve).


title: Accessory nerve

text: Hence, weakness of shrug on one side and head-turning on the other side may indicate damage to the accessory nerve on the side of the shrug weakness, or damage along the nerve pathway at the other side of the brain. Causes of damage may include trauma, surgery, tumours, and compression at the jugular foramen. Weakness in both muscles may point to a more general disease process such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Guillain–Barré syndrome or poliomyelitis.


title: Accessory nerve

text: Injury to the spinal accessory nerve commonly occurs during neck surgery, including neck dissection and lymph node excision. It can also occur as a result of blunt or penetrating trauma, and in some causes spontaneously. Damage at any point along the nerve's course will affect the function of the nerve. The nerve is intentionally removed in "radical" neck dissections, which are attempts at exploring the neck surgically for the presence and extent of cancer. Attempts are made to spare it in other forms of less aggressive dissection.


title: Accessory nerve

text: Injury to the accessory nerve can result in neck pain and weakness of the trapezius muscle. Symptoms will depend on at what point along its length the nerve was severed. Injury to the nerve can result in shoulder girdle depression, atrophy, abnormal movement, a protruding scapula, and weakened abduction. Weakness of the shoulder girdle can lead to traction injury of the brachial plexus. Because diagnosis is difficult, electromyogram or nerve conduction studies may be needed to confirm a suspected injury. Outcomes with surgical treatment appear to be better than conservative management, which entails physiotherapy and pain relief. Surgical management includes neurolysis, nerve end-to-end suturing, and surgical replacement of affected trapezius muscle segments with other muscle groups, such as the Eden-Lange procedure.


title: Accessory nerve

text: English anatomist Thomas Willis in 1664 first described the accessory nerve, choosing to use "accessory" (described in Latin as "nervus accessorius") meaning in association with the vagus nerve.


title: Accessory nerve

text: In 1848, Jones Quain described the nerve as the "spinal nerve accessory to the vagus", recognizing that while a minor component of the nerve joins with the larger vagus nerve, the majority of accessory nerve fibres originate in the spinal cord. In 1893 it was recognised that the heretofore named nerve fibres "accessory" to the vagus originated from the same nucleus in the medulla oblongata, and it came to pass that these fibres were increasingly viewed as part of the vagus nerve itself. Consequently, the term "accessory nerve" was and is increasingly used to denote only fibres from the spinal cord; the fact that only the spinal portion could be tested clinically lent weight to this opinion.


title: Lynda Lyon Block

text: Lynda Cheryle Lyon was born February 8, 1948, in Orlando, Florida, to Francis (Frank) Stephen Lyon and Berylene Elisabeth Owen. Lynda, and her sister Denyce (born 1952), lost their father when she was 10, when he died of heart failure. Lynda and her mother were never close, and Block claimed that her mother was both physically and mentally abusive.


title: Lynda Lyon Block

text: Her second husband, George Sibley (September 8, 1942 – August 4, 2005), claimed that a constant trait of Block was charity. While living in Key West she served as Secretary of the Humane Society, and also as animal abuse investigator. She was also active in civic work besides her service to the Humane Society: for two years she served as president of the Friends of the Library in Key West and served as publicity director for a mayoral candidate.


title: Lynda Lyon Block

text: Before the crime that led to her conviction and transfer to Alabama's death row, Block published "Liberatis", a political magazine.


title: Lynda Lyon Block

text: On October 4, 1993, Block's common-law husband, George Sibley, and Block's nine-year-old son were in a parked car in the parking lot of a Walmart store in Opelika, Alabama. A passer-by expressed concern for Block's son to Opelika Police Sergeant Roger Motley, saying it appeared to her as if the boy wanted help. She also believed the family could be living in the vehicle. At that time, Sibley and Block were on the run from the law in Florida after failing to appear for sentencing on an assault charge against Block's ex-husband. Motley found Sibley's car, parked behind and approached it, and asked for Sibley's license.


title: Lynda Lyon Block

text: By Sibley's own account, he was explaining to Motley his personal theory that he was not required to have one, when he observed Motley placing his hand on his gun. Sibley then drew his gun and began shooting at Motley, who returned fire, wounding Sibley. Motley took cover behind his patrol car; witnesses stated Sibley fired first. Block was at a payphone when she heard the gunfire. She drew her gun and witnesses stated that she was in a crouched position when she fired. Block claimed that she fired just as she stopped running toward Motley. As Motley turned to face Block, she fired again, hitting him in the chest. Motley, who had given his bulletproof vest to another officer, was mortally wounded.


title: Lynda Lyon Block

text: Part of an anti-government movement or "sovereign citizen movement", Block and Sibley had renounced their citizenship and destroyed their birth certificates, driver's licenses, and Social Security cards. They refused to cooperate with their court-appointed attorneys, maintaining that they had acted in self-defense. They also maintained that Alabama did not have the authority to try them as it was not properly re-admitted into the Union after the American Civil War. Although it could not be determined who fired the fatal shot, they were both convicted of capital murder and sentenced to death.


title: Lynda Lyon Block

text: Block, Alabama Institutional Serial #Z575, entered death row on December 21, 1994. While on death row, she was held at the Julia Tutwiler Prison for Women in Wetumpka, Alabama.


title: Lynda Lyon Block

text: Block was executed on May 10, 2002. Her execution occurred at the Holman Correctional Facility near Atmore, Alabama.


title: Lynda Lyon Block

text: Before the execution, three friends visited Block for several hours. Block also saw a spiritual adviser. She had not requested a last meal, nor did she make a final statement. At approximately 12:00 midnight, she was placed in the electric chair and at 12:01 a.m., the current was turned on. At 12:10 a.m., she was pronounced dead. She was the last person to be electrocuted in Alabama and the first woman executed in the state since Rhonda Belle Martin in 1957.


title: Lynda Lyon Block

text: Sibley filed a hand-written petition asking the Alabama Supreme Court to block his execution, claiming that Block had fired the shot that killed Motley. He was executed on August 4, 2005, by lethal injection.


title: AK-102

text: The AK-102 is a shortened carbine version of the AK-101 rifle, which was derived from the original AK-47 design and its AK-74 successor. The AK-102 is chambered to fire 5.56×45mm NATO ammunition, and is made exclusively for export purposes.


title: AK-102

text: Compared to the AK-101 and AK-103, which are full-size rifles of similar design, the AK-102, 104, and 105 feature shortened barrels that make them a middle ground between a full rifle and the more compact AKS-74U. Whereas the AK-10x rifles have longer barrels, full-length gas pistons, and solid, side-folding polymer stocks, the AKS-74U is shorter, with a skeleton stock.


title: AK-102

text: The rifle's receiver is made of stamped steel. The magazine is lighter, and more durable than older models, being made out of reinforced fiberglass. The stock is made of shock-resistant polymer and folds, making it easier to use from vehicles or on the move.


title: AK-102

text: The AK-102 uses an adjustable, notched, rear tangent iron sight; it is calibrated in 100 m (109 yard) increments from 100 to 500 meters (109 to 547 yards). The front sight is post-adjustable for elevation in the field if needed. Horizontal adjustment is done by the factory or armory before issue. The AK-102 has a muzzle booster derived from the AKS-74U.


title: AK-102

text: The KP-102 is a 12.5 inch, pistol-based version of the KR-101 and KR-102 made by Kalashnikov-USA. The difference in naming, i.e. KR-102 instead of AK-102, is because "Kalashnikov-USA is unrelated in operation and sales to Kalashnikov Concern" as Kalashnikov-USA does not operate under an authorized agreement with Kalashnikov Concern.


title: AK-102

text: In the United States, import of Kalashnikov rifles made by Kalashnikov Concern was banned by the Obama Administration in 2014.


title: Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin

text: An original video animation adaptation of the manga, focusing on the stories of Casval Rem Deikun (more famously known as Char Aznable) and his sister Artesia (aka Sayla Mass), produced by Sunrise was released between 2015 and 2018 in six parts. Yasuhiko was the chief director of the adaptation, with Sunrise veteran Takashi Imanishi as director, and Katsuyuki Sumisawa as the scriptwriter. A 13-episode anime television recompilation of the OVAs aired on NHK General TV in 2019.


title: Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin

text: The plot of the manga follows somewhat closely to the plot of the original series. It is the year Universal Century 0079, and the eighth month of a vicious war between the Earth Federation and a breakaway nation of space colonists, the Principality of Zeon. The story follows the crew of the warship "White Base", as they fight to ferry the experimental RX-78-02 Gundam mobile suit to the Federation base at Jaburo.


title: Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin

text: Although for the most part faithful to the original series' plot (all of the major events unfold in mostly the same manner as the TV series, though often in different locales), Yasuhiko has taken the liberty of changing certain elements in the series universe, giving a different character to the series and the struggle that unfolds. Primary among these is the presence of mobile suits in both sides well before the conflict begins—in fact, in the flashback sequences, both the Earth Federation Forces and Zeon use Guntanks in 0068, and they and the Guncannon mobile suit are described as "obsolete" and fit for target practice in the first volume (in the TV series proper, both the RX-75 and the RX-77 were as new as the RX-78 Gundam itself, designed to serve as long- and mid-range fire support units).


title: Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin

text: Other differences concern the breadth of the Gundam's journey to Jaburo. Where it's implied that the White Base's journey to Jaburo in the series was pretty much a circumnavigation of the globe unconnected to many real-world locations, Yasuhiko's journey places the White Base's landfall near Los Angeles, the headquarters of Garma Zabi (in the series, Garma was based out of a generic "New York" — "Origin" in fact states the Zeon occupation HQ as Los Angeles City Hall, with Garma residing in Hollywood/Beverly Hills) and moves the craft steadily to the southeast, and down the South American coast—past Caracas, Venezuela and through Machu Picchu and into Brazil, where Jaburo, the headquarters of the Earth Federation, is located. This retelling cuts out some of the more trivial encounters seen in the original series, while keeping and expanding on important characters like Garma, Ramba Ral, and the Black Tri-Stars. As a direct result the events of Operation Odessa which takes place around the Ukrainian city of the same name, occur after the events of Jaburo, as opposed to the anime where they occur before.


title: Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin

text: Yasuhiko further finally tells the entire back story of the Gundam universe in the manga. After the successful defense of Jaburo, the story diverts into a very in-depth flashback, told primarily from the viewpoints of Sayla and Char (with a secondary thread being told from Amuro's POV) recounting the downfall of Zeon Zum Deikun, the rise of the Zabi family, the construction of Side 7 and the research into mobile suits, and leading up through a decade until the launching of the One Year War. It also goes into detail answering many previously unanswered questions such as the appearance of heretofore unseen Zeon mobile suits prior to the MS-05 Zaku I, how Dozle Zabi received his trademark scars and even the origin of Casval Deikun/Edward Mass' "Char Aznable" identity. Volume fourteen, deals with the Battle of Loum at the beginning of the One Year War, and is the last piece of the in-depth flashback.


title: Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin

text: The story shifted back on track to the original anime's storyline, featuring the White Base's involvement in the Federation's Operation Odessa, as well as including Kai Shiden's encounter with Miharu. Afterwards, the manga deals with the end of the Odessa campaign and, in another departure from the series, takes M'Quve and his Gyan out of the picture before he has a chance to confront the Gundam.


title: Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin

text: The series was first serialized in the magazine "Gundam Ace" in Japan from 2001 to 2011 and has been collected in 23 "tankōbon" volumes. Both are published by Kadokawa Shoten under their "Kadokawa Comics A" imprint. Viz Comics attempted to translate the series and publish it in America in a quarterly, perfect-bound magazine-sized format, although low sales very quickly ended the American run.


title: Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin

text: Although Viz released 12 volumes of its English translation, they do not correspond with the Japanese volumes. The English volumes, with an average length between 100-130 pages were about half of that of the equivalent Japanese "tankōbon", which ran anywhere between 200-270. The length varied as some contained just four chapters, some contained an additional "special" shorter side story, and others contained a full five chapters. The reason for this could be that the Japanese serialization focused on keeping distinct chapters. As a result, the English serialization ended up having a higher price point than its Japanese equivalent with only roughly half of the content. The Viz release stopped near the end of volume six in the Japanese version.


title: Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin

text: The popularity of the manga in Japan has led to the release of "aizōban" or Collector's Edition versions. Each collector's edition combines two "tankōbon" volumes (combining the beginning and end sections into one), creating large, leather bound, hardback editions with dozens of pages printed in full color, as opposed to about 5 pages per "tankōbon".


title: Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin

text: At Otakon 2012, North American publisher Vertical announced that it will publish an English language adaptation of the series in hardcover format similar to the Aizoban editions. The first volume was released on the March 26, 2013 and the series was completed with the publishing of the 12th volume on December 17, 2015.


title: Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin

text: A spinoff of the manga, titled , was written by Junji Ōno and serialized in "Gundam Ace" from June 25, 2016 to May 25, 2019, 10 years after the original manga's serialization and collected into five tankobon volumes. The manga serves as a prequel to episode 15 of the original TV series.


title: Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin

text: Sunrise announced in June 2011 that an anime adaptation of "Gundam The Origin" was in production. In March 2014, it was announced it will be a four-episode OVA series with event screenings at Japanese theaters, in celebration of the 35th anniversary of Gundam, and centering on the stories of Casval Deikun and his sister Artesia. The first episode, titled , premiered in limited Japanese theaters on February 28, 2015. Sunrise produced an English dub recorded at NYAV Post for the first time since Bandai retired their Gundam license. Another two-episode OVA series, Mobile Suit Gundam The Origin: Loum Arc, was released in 2017 and 2018.


title: Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin

text: A 13-episode anime television recompilation of the OVA series aired from April 29 to August 12, 2019 under the title . Sugizo produced the theme songs. His band Luna Sea performed the three opening themes, the first being , the second , and the third a cover of TM Network's , the ending theme of 1988's "". For the ending themes he decided to collaborate with female singers. The first ending theme is a cover of Daisuke Inoue's , the theme song of 1982's "Mobile Suit Gundam III: Encounters in Space", by Sugizo feat. Glim Spanky. The second ending theme is a cover of Hiroko Moriguchi's , the second opening theme song of 1985's "Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam", by Sugizo feat. KOM_I (Wednesday Campanella). The third ending theme is the new song "A Red Ray" by Sugizo feat. miwa. The last is a cover of his and Morrie's co-composition by Sugizo feat. Aina the End (BiSH). The English dub for the "Advent of the Red Comet" TV recompilation series was broadcast in the United States on Adult Swim's Toonami programming block from July 7 to October 6, 2019.


title: YOLO (aphorism)

text: "YOLO" is an acronym for "you only live once". Along the same lines as the Latin "carpe diem" ('seize the day'), it is a call to live life to its fullest extent, even embracing behavior which carries inherent risk. It became a popular internet slang term in 2012.


title: YOLO (aphorism)

text: One of the earliest known examples of the acronym relates to Grateful Dead drummer Mickey Hart's ranch in California, which has been known as YOLO since at least 1996.


title: YOLO (aphorism)

text: Adam Mesh, a contestant on the reality TV series "Average Joe", produced and sold a line of YOLO-branded clothing and accessories the early 2000s.


title: YOLO (aphorism)

text: In 2012, the acronym "YOLO" became a staple of music and youth culture, being a subject of graffiti, Twitter hashtags, pranks, tattoos, music, television shows and merchandise.


title: YOLO (aphorism)

text: The acronym was most popularized by Canadian rapper Drake, who planned to release a 2011 joint mixtape titled "YOLO" along with American rapper Rick Ross. To promote this mixtape, "YOLO" was mentioned prominently on several of their tracks such as "The Motto", released on November 29, 2011, with the aim of promoting the tape. This use is said to have elevated the word into prominence and common colloquial use. In late 2012, Drake expressed a desire to obtain royalties for use of "YOLO" due to the proliferation of merchandise bearing the phrase and lyrics from his song, which have been commonly seen at stores such as Walgreens and Macy's, but he does not own a trademark on the word.


title: YOLO (aphorism)

text: Hip-hop magazine "Da South" reported that the rapper Lecrae has deconstructed the phrase "YOLO" in his 2012 song "No Regrets".


title: YOLO (aphorism)

text: In the opening monologue of "Saturday Night Live" on January 19, 2014, Drake apologized about pop culture's adoption of the phrase, saying he had no idea it would become so big.


title: YOLO (aphorism)

text: A restaurant in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, has held a trademark to the phrase "YOLO" in the context of the frozen yogurt business since 2010.


title: YOLO (aphorism)

text: American comedy trio The Lonely Island released a 2013 song titled "YOLO", featuring Adam Levine and Kendrick Lamar, parodying the phrase and the people who use it as a lifestyle meme. The song charted in a few countries, including #60 on the "Billboard" Hot 100.


title: YOLO (aphorism)

text: During the January 2021 GameStop short squeeze members of Reddit's WallStreetBets—often touted their long-shot wagers against short selling hedgefunds with the expression "YOLO".


title: YOLO (aphorism)

text: Online media including "The Washington Post" and "The Huffington Post" described YOLO in 2012 as the "newest acronym you'll love to hate" and "dumb". The word was criticized for its use in conjunction with reckless behavior, most notably in a Twitter post by aspiring rapper Ervin McKinness just prior to his death, caused by driving drunk at 120 mph (193 km/h): "Drunk af going 120 drifting corners #FuckIt YOLO."


title: Islam in Malaysia

text: Islam in Malaysia is represented by the Shafi‘i school of Sunni jurisprudence. Islam was introduced to Malaysia by traders arriving from Arabia, China and the Indian subcontinent. It became firmly established in the 15th century. In the Constitution of Malaysia, Islam is granted the status of "religion of the Federation" to symbolize its importance to Malaysian society, while defining Malaysia constitutionally as a secular state. Therefore, other religions can be practiced freely. Close to 7% adhere to smaller branches (Ibadi, Quranist, etc.).


title: Islam in Malaysia

text: Malaysia is a country whose most professed religion is Islam. As of 2013, there were approximately 19.5 million Muslim adherents, or 61.3% of the population. Various Islamic holidays such as Mawlid have been declared national holidays alongside Christmas, Chinese New Year, and Deepavali.


title: Islam in Malaysia

text: The draft Constitution of Malaysia did not specify an official religion. This move was supported by the rulers of the nine Malay states, who felt that it was sufficient that Islam was the official religion of each of their individual states. However, Justice Hakim Abdul Hamid of the Reid Commission which drafted the constitution came out strongly in favour of making Islam the official religion, and as a result the final constitution named Islam as the official religion of Malaysia. All ethnic Malays are Muslim, as defined by Article 160 of the Constitution of Malaysia.


title: Islam in Malaysia

text: Nine of the Malaysian states, namely Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang, Kedah, Perak, Perlis, Selangor, Johor, and Negeri Sembilan have constitutional Malay monarchs (most of them styled as Sultans). These Malay rulers still maintain authority over religious affairs in states. The states of Penang, Malacca, Sarawak, and Sabah do not have any sultan, but the king (Yang di-Pertuan Agong) plays the role of head of Islam in each of those states as well as in each of the Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur, Labuan, and Putrajaya.


title: Islam in Malaysia

text: On the occasion of Malaysia's first prime minister Tunku Abdul Rahman's 80th birthday, he stated in the edition of 9 February 1983 of the newspaper "The Star" that the "country has a multi-racial population with various beliefs. Malaysia must continue as a secular State with Islam as the official religion". In the same issue of "The Star", Abdul Rahman was supported by the third Malaysian prime minister, Hussein Onn, who stated that the "nation can still be functional as a secular state with Islam as the official religion."One of Malaysia's states, Kelantan, is governed by Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), which is a conservative Islamic political party, with a proclaimed goal of establishing an Islamic state. Terengganu was briefly ruled by PAS from 1999 to 2004, but the ruling Barisan Nasional coalition has since won back the state. To counter the falling credibility of United Malays National Organisation's (UMNO) Islamic credentials vis-à-vis PAS, the head of the Barisan Nasional, Datuk Seri Abdullah Badawi, proposed Islam Hadhari. In the 1990s, the PAS-led state governments passed Islamic hudud laws in Terengganu, but was struck down by the secular federal government.


title: Islam in Malaysia

text: The newest format of the Malaysian identity card ("MyKad") divides Malaysians into various religious groups, e.g., Muslim, Christian, Hindu, Buddhist. The introduction of this card caused a political uproar and remains controversial.


title: Islam in Malaysia

text: There is also an Islamic university in Malaysia called the International Islamic University Malaysia, and a government institution in charge of organising pilgrimages to Mecca called Tabung Haji (Pilgrim Fund Board of Malaysia). In addition, the government also funds the construction of mosques and "suraus".


title: Islam in Malaysia

text: The Department of Islamic Development Malaysia (JAKIM) was established under the Prime Minister's Department. Besides, every state also has its own version of JAKIM. Various Islamic rules and regulations governing the public and family life were codified into law that is compliant to Islam. Government policies have also be permissible in Islam, in other words 'halal'.


title: Islam in Malaysia

text: The National Fatwa Council was established by Conference of rulers to issue fatwas. It conducts two types of meetings, one was authorised by the Conference of Rulers, another called "muzakarah" (discourse) is held occasionally without the order of the Conference of Rulers.


title: Islam in Malaysia

text: Individual Arab traders, including Sahabas, preached in the Malay Archipelago, Indo-China, and China in the early seventh century. Islam was introduced to the Malay Peninsula coast by Arabs in 674 CE.