title: Ed Bradley

text: Bradley became well-known for his style on air, both for his demeanor and his fashion sense. Often described as "cool" by his colleagues, Bradley's unflappability led to his position on "60 Minutes". His interview style has drawn comparisons to Columbo and been described as "disarming", "confident", and "streetwise." He was noted for his ability to get interview subjects to divulge information on camera with his body language.


title: Ed Bradley

text: Bradley was also known for bucking fashion trends for newscasters. His iconic style included an array of patterns, a short beard, and an earring worn in his left ear. Bradley began wearing the earring during the 1980s during a time when it was uncommon for men in America to do so. Mike Wallace said after Bradley's death that he thought Bradley's decision to wear an earring inspired others to do the same.


title: Ed Bradley

text: In 1994, Bradley and the Radio Television News Directors Association Foundation started a scholarship program in his name for journalists of color. It awards $10,000 annually. In 2007, he was inducted into the Broadcast Pioneers Hall of Fame by the Broadcast Pioneers of Philadelphia.


title: Ed Bradley

text: Bradley was named one of the "100 Outstanding American Journalists in the last 100 years" in 2012 by faculty at New York University. In 2015, the Pennsylvania State Legislature renamed City Avenue in Philadelphia "Ed Bradley Way." A mural of Bradley was completed in the city in 2018, and a historical marker was installed in 2021.


title: Ed Bradley

text: Bradley was fond of jazz and hosted "Jazz at Lincoln Center" on National Public Radio. He performed with Jimmy Buffett and the Neville Brothers and was referred to as "the fifth Neville brother" by the group. He was an outdoorsman, and often hiked or skied in his free time.


title: Ed Bradley

text: Bradley married three times, to Diane Jefferson, Priscilla Coolidge, and Patricia Blanchet. He split his time between homes in New York and Colorado.


title: Mark Stoops

text: Mark Thomas Stoops (born July 9, 1967) is an American college football coach and former player. He is currently the all time winningest head football coach in the history of the Kentucky Wildcats.


title: Mark Stoops

text: Stoops, one of six children born to Ron and Evelyn "Dee Dee" Stoops, attended Cardinal Mooney High School in Youngstown, Ohio, where his father was an assistant coach and defensive coordinator. He is the brother of former Oklahoma head coach Bob Stoops and former Arizona head coach Mike Stoops.


title: Mark Stoops

text: After graduating from high school, Stoops played college football for the Iowa Hawkeyes from 1986 to 1988.


title: Mark Stoops

text: Stoops was a graduate assistant coach at Iowa from 1989 to 1991, and then became the athletic director and defensive backs coach at Nordonia High School in Macedonia, Ohio (1992–1995).


title: Mark Stoops

text: In 1996, when Kansas State assistant Jim Leavitt was hired as the head coach for the South Florida Bulls, he hired Stoops as defensive backs coach.


title: Mark Stoops

text: At Wyoming, Stoops served under head coach Dana Dimel. When Dimel was hired at the University of Houston, he took Stoops with him to join the Cougars as co-defensive coordinator (along with Dick Bumpas) and safeties coach in 2000.


title: Mark Stoops

text: In February 2001, Stoops was named the defensive backs coach for the University of Miami Hurricanes, replacing Chuck Pagano, who left to go to the Cleveland Browns.


title: Mark Stoops

text: Mark's brother, Mike, was hired as the head coach of the Arizona Wildcats for the 2004 season. Mike then hired Mark as part of his staff.


title: Mark Stoops

text: On November 27, 2012, Stoops was hired as the new head coach of the University of Kentucky football program, replacing former head coach Joker Phillips, who was fired after a 2–10 season. In Stoops' first season as the Kentucky Head coach, he went 2-10, followed by back to back 5-7 seasons.


title: Mark Stoops

text: After an 0–2 start to the 2016 season, Stoops led the Wildcats to a 7–6 finish after that start and defeated their in-state rival, the eleventh-ranked Louisville Cardinals. They lost in the Taxslayer Bowl to Georgia Tech.


title: Mark Stoops

text: The 2017 season featured ups and downs and the breakout of star running back Benny Snell. They finished 7-5, losing afterwards in the Music City Bowl to Northwestern.


title: Mark Stoops

text: The 2018 season was a historic one for the Wildcats. Paced by Snell on offense and Josh Allen on defense, they snapped a 31-year losing streak to Florida, finishing 9-3–only the fourth time in school history that the Wildcats have won at least nine games. Kentucky defeated Penn State in the Citrus Bowl on January, 1st, 2019 giving the Wildcats their first 10-win season since 1977, and only their third in school history. Stoops was named SEC Coach of the Year, the first time a Kentucky coach had won the award since Jerry Claiborne in 1983.


title: Mark Stoops

text: The 2019 season was one of overcoming adversity. After a 2-3 start in which they lost all of their Quarterbacks to injury, Kentucky turned to Wide Receiver Lynn Bowden Jr. to take over at QB. With a revamped offense focused on the running game, the Wildcats finished the Regular Season 7-5 routing Louisville 45-13 on Senior Day. Kentucky capped the season with a thrilling win over Virginia Tech in the Belk Bowl, as the Wildcats scored the winning touchdown with 15 seconds remaining for an 8-5 finish.


title: Mark Stoops

text: The 2020 season, affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, saw Kentucky play a 10-game, All-SEC regular-season schedule. The high point was a 34-7 win at Tennessee their first win in Knoxville since 1984. Despite a 4-6 record, Kentucky was still invited to a bowl game, specifically the 2021 Gator Bowl against No. 24 NC State. Stoops led Kentucky to victory in the Gator Bowl 23-21, making it three straight bowl victories for the team.


title: Mark Stoops

text: The 2021 season was marked by key transfer arrivals for both sides of the ball: QB Will Levis and WR Wan'Dale Robinson on offense and LB Jacquez Jones on defense. The aforementioned players' impact was significant; the offense scored 33.3 points per game while the defense allowed 22.1 points per game. The improved play from both offense and defense led to a 9-3 regular-season record, including a historic 20-13 home win against Florida (the last home win against Florida was November 15, 1986). Stoops lead Kentucky to a 20-17 victory over Iowa in the 2022 Citrus Bowl, giving the team its 2nd 10-3 record since 2018, 2nd Citrus Bowl victory in four years and fourth straight bowl victory.


title: Mark Stoops

text: The 2022 season marked Stoops' 10th season as head coach, becoming the football program's longest-tenured head coach in its history. Kentucky's Week 1 37-13 victory over Miami (OH) gave Stoops his 60th victory as head coach, tying Bear Bryant for the most in program history. He became Kentucky's all-time winningest football coach after beating the Florida Gators on the road 26-16 in Week 2.


title: Mark Stoops

text: Stoops signed a contract extension on November 18, 2022 that will keep him in Lexington through the 2030 season. He is 66-58 in 10 seasons leading the Wildcats.


title: Mark Stoops

text: Stoops is the younger brother of former Oklahoma head coach Bob Stoops, former Arizona head coach and current Kentucky assistant Mike Stoops, and Ron, Jr., the oldest of the brothers, who was an assistant coach at Youngstown State. Stoops and his wife Chantel have two sons, Will and Zach. On January 4, 2021, the couple announced that they will be divorcing.


title: Let Me Love You (Mario song)

text: "Let Me Love You" is a song by American singer Mario, released as a single on October 4, 2004, from his second studio album, "Turning Point" (2004). The song was written by Ne-Yo, Kameron Houff, and Scott Storch, who produced the track. The remix of the song, also produced by Storch, contains rapped verses from Jadakiss and T.I. The song garnered Mario a Grammy Award nomination for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance in 2006 and became a top-10 hit worldwide, reaching number one in the United States, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, and New Zealand.


title: Let Me Love You (Mario song)

text: In 2008, "Let Me Love You" was ranked at number 45 on "Billboard"s All-Time Top 100 Hot 100 singles during the first 50 years of the chart. It was the eighth most successful single of the decade according to the "Billboard" Hot 100 Songs of the Decade chart released in December 2009. In 2013, it was ranked at number 53 on "Billboard"s All-Time Top 100 Hot 100 singles during the first 55 years of the chart.


title: Let Me Love You (Mario song)

text: The song was written by Kameron Houff, Ne-Yo, and Scott Storch, who also produced the track. According to Ne-Yo, after he chose to start singing his songs, he regretted giving "Let Me Love You" to Mario and said that he would have kept it for himself. "Let Me Love You" is a moderate R&B ballad in G minor, centered around the progression C minor / G minor / F major. It is written in common time.


title: Let Me Love You (Mario song)

text: Jon Pareles from "The New York Times" commented that "Let Me Love You" "looks back to another 1980s blockbuster, lifting its keyboard sound from Tina Turner's 'What's Love Got to Do with It'."


title: Let Me Love You (Mario song)

text: In 2004, "Let Me Love You" was nominated for a Vibe Award for Best R&B Song and two Teen Choice Awards, Choice Love Song and Choice R&B/Rap Track, but it failed to receive any awards. In 2005, it received nominations for "Billboard" Music Awards, including "Hot 100 Single of the Year", "Hot 100 Airplay Single of the Year", "Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Single of the Year", "Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay Single of the Year, winning in both the R&B categories. It was also nominated for an MTV Europe Music Award for Best R&B Single, a Viewer's Choice award at the BET Awards, Best Single at the MOBO Awards, and Best R&B/Soul Song at the Soul Train Music Awards. In 2006, Mario was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance with "Let Me Love You". He also received an MTV Australia Awards nomination for Best R&B music video for "Let Me Love You".


title: Let Me Love You (Mario song)

text: "Let Me Love You" debuted on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 the week of October 23, 2004, at number 97. The song went on to hold the number-one position on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot 100 chart for nine consecutive weeks from January to February 2005, and, as of , is Mario's biggest single. It also reached number one on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. Internationally, it reached the number-one position on the singles charts in Germany, the Netherlands, and New Zealand. In the United Kingdom, the song reached number two on the UK Singles Chart (held off the top spot by "(Is This the Way to) Amarillo"), making it Mario's biggest hit to date in the UK. The single also holds the honor of being one of the highest-selling ringtones with 1.6 million downloads.


title: Let Me Love You (Mario song)

text: The music video was filmed at studios in Brooklyn, New York in September 2004, directed by Little X. The video generally features Mario dancing, alone or with backup dancers, on various sets.


title: Let Me Love You (Mario song)

text: In 2020, Mario announced that he had re-recorded his vocals for the remastered version, celebrating the 15-year anniversary of the song. The anniversary edition was released on February 14, 2020.


title: Durgamati

text: Durgamati is a 2020 Indian Hindi-language horror thriller film written and directed by G. Ashok which is a remake of his own Telugu–Tamil bilingual film "Bhaagamathie" (2018). It stars Bhumi Pednekar as an IAS officer, with Arshad Warsi, Jisshu Sengupta and Mahie Gill playing supporting roles. The film is produced by Bhushan Kumar, Krishan Kumar and Vikram Malhotra under T-Series, Cape of Good Films and Abundantia Entertainment.


title: Durgamati

text: The official announcement for the film was made on 30 November 2019. First shot was taken on 23 January 2020 in Madhya Pradesh and filming begun there on 30 January. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the film has been available to stream worldwide from 11 December 2020 on Amazon Prime Video.


title: Durgamati

text: The film starts with Ishwar Prasad, a politician who vows to resign from his post if the government fails to recover idols stolen over six months. This troubles his political rivals, who forge a plan to destroy his credibility with CBI Joint Director Satakshi Ganguly and Assistant Commissioner of Police Abhay Singh.


title: Durgamati

text: The two plan to interrogate IAS Chanchal Chauhan, a close confidante of Ishwar, who is in jail for murdering her fiancé Shakti, Abhay's brother. To avoid attention, they shift her to Durgamati Bungalow, a dilapidated, supposedly haunted house in the outskirts of a city, for the interrogation. The CBI question Chanchal to get some clues against Ishwar, but she repeats that he is a good man and doubts his integrity without proof in a cryptic but leading manner.


title: Durgamati

text: Later that night, the spirit of Durgamati, the Queen of the house before independence, takes control of Chanchal. The CBI team calls upon a psychiatrist to investigate the matter, who concludes that Chanchal must be schizophrenic as she seems to take on a different persona and narrate some story from a book as if it were her own. He suggests that the CBI commit her to an asylum. However, Abhay suspects that this might be a ploy by her to escape and arranges for a spiritual guru to find out if there is paranormal activity. The guru suggests a few indicators. Later, Abhay discovers that those indicators indicate the presence of ghosts in the bungalow. He also finds Chanchal hurting herself under the influence of the spirit. This leads to Abhay taking Chanchal to a mental hospital.


title: Durgamati

text: Ishwar visits her at the mental asylum, and it is revealed that Chanchal had planned the entire thing to escape the CBI in return for a 300 Crore kickback from Ishwar. It is also shown that Ishwar had forced Chanchal to kill Shakti (her fiancé) to hide his scam regarding a welfare project.


title: Durgamati

text: Meanwhile, Satakshi realizes that Chanchal was trying to convey the truth of Ishwar's crimes using the story of Queen Durgamati, which she came across from the various writings and artifacts she had discovered in the bungalow. She also finds evidence of Ishwar's misdeeds and the site where he hid the villagers after killing Shakti with a gun.


title: Durgamati

text: Thus vindicated, Chanchal is seen running a charity organization in memory of Shakti. Satakshi then tells her that they thought they knew everything about her but never knew that she was a great magician in her childhood and learned Arabic. Chanchal replies by saying that she does not know Arabic, which shocks them, hinting that there was actual paranormal activity in the house.


title: Durgamati

text: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the film was available to stream worldwide from 11 December 2020 on Amazon Prime Video. The film's satellite rights were sold to Sony Max.


title: Durgamati

text: Joginder Tuteja of Planet Bollywood gave the film 2.5/5 stars writing 'Durgamati-An Entertaining Horror Drama with Abbas Mustan Style twist pe twist'. He Concluded that 'All in all, Durgamati turns out to be one of those rare films (especially in the current times) that you can watch comfortably with your family. Play it on and you won't be disappointed. Pallabi Dey Purkayastha of "Times of India" gave the film 2.5/5 stars by saying that 'Durgamati is relevant but the storytelling lacks the spirit it needed'. She praised Sengupta's performance by saying that he charms us the way he always does, effortlessly. She concluded that Durgamati could be delivered better.


title: Durgamati

text: The film score was composed by Jakes Bejoy and the songs were composed by Tanishk Bagchi, Naman Adhikari, Abhinav Sharma and Malini Awasthi while lyrics written by Tanishk Bagchi and Dipti Misra.


title: Flange focal distance

text: For an interchangeable lens camera, the flange focal distance (FFD) (also known as the flange-to-film distance, flange focal depth, flange back distance (FBD), flange focal length (FFL), back focus or register, depending on the usage and source) of a lens mount system is the distance from the mounting flange (the interlocking metal rings on the camera and the rear of the lens) to the film or image sensor plane. This value is different for different camera systems. The range of this distance, which will render an image clearly in focus within all focal lengths, is usually measured to a precision of hundredths of millimetres, and is not to be confused with depth of field.


title: Flange focal distance

text: Lenses can be adapted from one mount (and respective FFD) to another. FFD determines whether infinity focus can be accomplished with a simple non-optical adapter. Optics to correct for distance introduce more cost and can lower image quality, so non-optical lens adapters are preferred. A simple non-optical adapter holds the longer FFD lens the appropriate additional distance away from the sensor or film on the shorter FFD camera. A "camera body" with a "shorter" FFD can accept a larger number of lenses (those with a longer FFD) by using a simple adapter. A "lens" with a "longer" FFD can be more readily adapted to a larger number of camera bodies (those with a shorter FFD). If the difference is small, other factors such as the sizes and positions of the mounting flanges will influence whether a lens can be adapted without optics.


title: Flange focal distance

text: Typically, camera bodies with shorter flange focal distance can be adapted more readily to lenses with longer flange focal distance.


title: Flange focal distance

text: Flange focal distance is one of the most important variables in a system camera, as lens seating errors of as little as 0.01 mm will manifest themselves critically on the imaging plane and focus will not match the lens marks. Professional movie cameras are rigorously tested by rental houses regularly to ensure the distance is properly calibrated. Any discrepancies between eye focus and measured focus that manifest themselves across a range of distances within a single lens may be collimation error with the lens, but if such discrepancies occur across several lenses, it is more likely to be the flange focal distance or the ground glass (or both) that are misset.


title: Flange focal distance

text: Due to research on optimal flange focal distance settings, it is currently considered better for flange focal distance to be set to somewhere "within" the film's emulsion layer, rather than on the surface of it. Therefore, the nominal flange focal depth will be equivalent to the distance to the ground glass, whereas the actual flange focal depth to the aperture plate will in fact be ~0.02 mm less.


title: Cup

text: A cup is an open-top used to hold hot or cold liquids for pouring or drinking; while mainly used for drinking, it also can be used to store solids for pouring (e.g., sugar, flour, grains, salt). Cups may be made of glass, metal, china, clay, wood, stone, polystyrene, plastic, aluminium or other materials, and are usually fixed with a stem, handles, or other adornments. Cups are used for quenching thirst across a wide range of cultures and social classes, and different styles of cups may be used for different liquids or in different situations. Cups of different styles may be used for different types of liquids or other foodstuffs (e.g. teacups and measuring cups), in different situations (e.g. at water stations or in ceremonies and rituals), or for decoration.


title: Cup

text: Cups are an improvement on using cupped hands or feet to hold liquids. They have almost certainly been used since before recorded history, and have been found at archaeological sites throughout the world. Prehistoric cups were sometimes fashioned from shells and hollowed out stones.


title: Cup

text: In ancient Mesopotamia, cups were made for a variety of purposes, possibly including the transportation and drinking of alcoholic beverages.


title: Cup

text: There is evidence that the Roman Empire may have spread the use of cups throughout Europe, with notable examples including silver cups in Wales and a color-changing glass cup in ancient Thrace. In England, cups have been discovered which date back to several thousand years, including the Rillaton Gold Cup, about 3,700 years old. Cups were used in the Americas several centuries prior to the European arrivals. Around the Gulf of Mexico, Native American societies used the Horse conch for drinking cups, among other purposes.


title: Cup

text: Since cups have been an integral part of dining since time immemorial, they have become a valued part of human culture. The shape or image of a cup appears in various places in human cultures.


title: Cup

text: Historically, monarchs have been concerned about assassination via poisoning. To avoid this fate, they often used dedicated cups, with cup-bearers to guard them. A "divining cup" was supposed to be able to detect poison. In the Bible, Joseph interpreted a dream for Pharaoh's cup-bearer, and a silver divining cup played a key role in his reconciliation with his brothers.


title: Cup

text: Spa cups are special cups that are used to drink mineral or thermal water directly from a spring, developed in north-west Bohemia during the 17th century and are now part of Czech folklore.


title: Cup

text: In the Christian ritual of Communion, adherents drink from a cup of wine (or a wine substitute) to commemorate the Last Supper of Jesus. A chalice is often used for this purpose.


title: Cup

text: The measuring cup, an adaptation of a simple cup, is a standard tool in cooking that has been in use at least as far back as Roman times. Apart from serving as drinking vessels, cups can be used as an alternative to bowls as a receptacle, especially, for soup. Recipes have been published for cooking various dishes in cups in the microwave.


title: Cup

text: Chalices are sometimes used in heraldry, especially ecclesiastical heraldry. A Kronkåsa is a type of elaborate wooden cup which was used by the Swedish nobility during the Renaissance.


title: Cup

text: Drinking from a cup is a significant step on a baby's path to becoming a toddler; it is recommended that children switch from bottles to cups between six months and one year of age. Sippy cups are typically used for this transition.


title: Cup

text: Many trophies take the form of a decorated cup. In cases such as the FIFA World Cup and the Stanley Cup, the competition itself may grow to take on the name of the trophy that is awarded to the winner. Owing to the common usage of cup-shaped trophies as prizes for the winners, a large number of national and international competitions are called "cups".


title: Cup

text: In Tarot divination, the suit of cups is associated with the element of water and is regarded as symbolizing emotion, intuition, and the soul. Cards that feature cups are often associated with love, relationships, fears, and desires.


title: Cup

text: Various cups have been designed so that drinking out of them without spilling is a challenge. These are called puzzle cups.


title: Cup

text: In the developed world, cups are often distributed for promotional purposes. For example, a corporation might distribute cups with their logo at a trade show, or a city might hand out cups with slogans promoting recycling. There are companies that provide the service of printing slogans on cups.


title: Cup

text: Names for different types of cups vary regionally and may overlap. Any transparent cup, regardless of actual composition, is called a "glass"; therefore, while a cup made of paper is a "paper cup", a transparent one for drinking shots is called a "shot glass", instead.


title: Cup

text: While in theory, most cups are well suited to hold drinkable liquids, hot drinks like tea are generally served in either insulated cups or porcelain teacups.


title: Cup

text: Disposable cups are intended to be used only once. They are often used by fast-food restaurants and coffee shops to serve beverages. Institutions that provide drinking water, such as offices and hospitals, may also use disposable cups for sanitary reasons.


title: Cup

text: Some styles of cups are used primarily for alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine, cocktail, and liquor. There are over a dozen distinct styles of cups for drinking beer, depending on the precise variety of beer. The idea that a certain beer should be served in a cup of a certain shape may have been promulgated more for marketing purposes, but there very well may be some basis in fact behind it. Wine glasses also come in different shapes, depending on the color and style of wine that is intended to be served in them.


title: 2021 Arizona Cardinals season

text: The 2021 season was the Arizona Cardinals' 102nd season in the National Football League (NFL), their 34th in Arizona and their third under head coach Kliff Kingsbury. They improved from their 8–8 season from the previous year with a 23–13 victory over the Seattle Seahawks in Week 11. The Cardinals started 7–0 for the first time in 47 years when they were based in St. Louis. With their week 11 win over their division rivals, the Seattle Seahawks, the Cardinals improved on their record from the previous year and clinched their first winning season since 2015. Despite a loss to the Indianapolis Colts in Week 16, the Cardinals clinched a playoff berth for the first time since 2015 after the Minnesota Vikings lost to the Los Angeles Rams.


title: 2021 Arizona Cardinals season

text: Despite an impressive 7–0 start and acquiring All-Pros J. J. Watt and A. J. Green prior to the season starting, the team suffered their second consecutive late-season collapse, losing four out of their last five games and dropping to the fifth seed. In the Wild Card playoffs, the Cardinals fell to the rival Los Angeles Rams on their way to win Super Bowl LVI.


title: 2021 Arizona Cardinals season

text: In the offseason, cornerback Patrick Peterson was lost to free agency after 10 years, and wide receiver Larry Fitzgerald chose not to sign with any team after 17 years with the franchise.


title: 2021 Arizona Cardinals season

text: With the win, the Cardinals not only improved to 4–0 for the first time since 2012, but earned their first victory over the Rams since Week 17 of the 2016 season. Also, with the Broncos, the Raiders, and the Panthers losing their first games of the season, the Cardinals became the last undefeated team in the NFL.


title: 2021 Arizona Cardinals season

text: The Arizona Cardinals played the Houston Texans at home. This was the first game where former Texans DeAndre Hopkins and JJ Watt played against their former team, as well as tight end Zach Ertz's debut with the Cardinals.


title: 2021 Arizona Cardinals season

text: The Packers handed the Cardinals their first loss to deny them a perfect season with a 24–21 victory on Thursday Night Football, despite entering the game without their top three wide receivers -- Allen Lazard and All-Pro WR Davante Adams missed the game due to COVID protocols, while Marquez Valdes-Scantling was still recovering from a groin injury suffered in Week 3. Kyler Murray had the ball with time winding down, and the ball in field goal range, but a pass intended for wide receiver A. J. Green was picked off in the endzone by Packers cornerback Rasul Douglas, who began the season on the Cardinals practice squad.


title: 2021 Arizona Cardinals season

text: Despite Kyler Murray and DeAndre Hopkins not playing, the Cardinals dominated the game to sweep the season series for the first time since 2018. With the win, the Cardinals improved to 8–1 and tied their 8-win mark from the previous season.


title: 2021 Arizona Cardinals season

text: Kyler Murray and DeAndre Hopkins returned to the field after the bye and connected for a 21-yard touchdown in the first quarter.


title: 2021 Arizona Cardinals season

text: Despite the Cardinals being the favorite to win, the 1-11-1 Detroit Lions blew them out 30-12 in an unexpected loss.


title: 2021 Arizona Cardinals season

text: The Lions opened the scoring in the first quarter via a 37-yard field goal by Riley Patterson. The Lions scored 14 points in the second quarter via a 37-yard touchdown pass from Jared Goff to Amon-Ra St. Brown and a 22-yard touchdown pass from Goff to Josh Reynolds, which made the score 17–0 in favor of Detroit at half-time. The Cardinals finally got on the board in the third quarter via a 29-yard field goal by Matt Prater. The Lions extended their lead via a six-yard touchdown pass from Goff to Jason Cabinda. The Cardinals responded with a 29-yard field goal by Prater. The Lions extended their lead in the fourth quarter via a 47-yard field goal by Patterson. The Cardinals responded with a 26-yard touchdown pass from Kyler Murray to Christian Kirk. The Lions scored the final points of the game via a 45-yard field goal by Patterson, making the final score 30–12 in favor of Detroit.


title: 2021 Arizona Cardinals season

text: With the loss, the Cardinals finished the season 11–6, earning a Wildcard spot in the 2021–22 NFL playoffs as the 5th seed.


title: Basil Poledouris

text: Basil Konstantine Poledouris (; August 21, 1945 – November 8, 2006) was an American composer, conductor, and orchestrator of film and television scores, best known for his long-running collaborations with directors John Milius and Paul Verhoeven. Among his works are scores for the films "Conan the Barbarian" (1982), "Red Dawn" (1984), "Iron Eagle" (1986), "RoboCop" (1987), "The Hunt for Red October" (1990), "Free Willy" (1993), "Starship Troopers" (1997) and "Les Miserables" (1998). Poledouris won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Composition for a Limited Series, Movie, or Special for his work on the four-part miniseries "Lonesome Dove" in 1989, and was a four-time recipient of the BMI Film Music Award.


title: Basil Poledouris

text: Born in Kansas City, Missouri, to Greek immigrant parents from Messenia, he credited two influences with guiding him towards music: the first was composer Miklós Rózsa; the second his own Greek Orthodox heritage. Poledouris was raised in the Church, and he used to sit in services enthralled by the choir's sound. At the age of seven, Poledouris began piano lessons, and after graduation from Garden Grove High School, he enrolled at the University of Southern California to study both filmmaking and music. Several short films to which he contributed are still kept in the university's archives. At USC, Poledouris met movie directors John Milius and Randal Kleiser, with whom he would later collaborate as a music composer. He appeared as a background extra in several episodes of "". In 1985, Poledouris wrote the music for Paul Verhoeven's "Flesh & Blood", establishing a durable collaboration.


title: Basil Poledouris

text: Poledouris became renowned for his powerfully epic style of orchestral composition and his intricate thematic designs. He scored the soundtrack for "The Blue Lagoon" (1980; dir: Kleiser); "Conan the Barbarian" (1982; dir: Milius); "Conan the Destroyer" (1984); "Red Dawn" (1984; dir: Milius), "Iron Eagle" (1986); "RoboCop" (1987; dir: Verhoeven); "The Hunt for Red October" (1990); "Quigley Down Under" (1990 Simon Wincer); "Free Willy" (1993) and its first sequel "" (1995); "Starship Troopers" (1997; dir: Verhoeven); and "For Love of the Game" (1999).


title: Basil Poledouris

text: Poledouris' studio, "Blowtorch Flats", was located in Venice, California, and was a professional mixing facility specializing in film and media production.


title: Basil Poledouris

text: Poledouris married his wife Bobbie in 1969; they had two daughters, Zoë and Alexis. His elder daughter, Zoë Poledouris, is an actress and film composer, who occasionally collaborated with her father in composing film soundtracks.


title: Basil Poledouris

text: In 1996, Poledouris composed "The Tradition of the Games" for the Atlanta Olympics opening ceremony that accompanied the memorable dance tribute to the athletes and goddesses of victory of the ancient Greek Olympics using silhouette imagery.


title: Basil Poledouris

text: Poledouris spent the last four years of his life residing on Vashon Island, in Washington state. He died on November 8, 2006, in Los Angeles, California, aged 61, from lung cancer.


title: Eclipso

text: Eclipso () is a supervillain in the DC Comics Universe. The character is the incarnation of the Wrath of God and the Angel of Vengeance that turned evil and was replaced by the Spectre.


title: Eclipso

text: Eclipso appears as the main antagonist in the second season of The CW television show "Stargirl" portrayed as an adult by Nick E. Tarabay and Jason Davis and as a young boy by Milo Stein.


title: Eclipso

text: Eclipso first appeared in "House of Secrets" #61 (August 1963) and was created by Bob Haney and Lee Elias.


title: Eclipso

text: Originally, Eclipso was written as a generic villain with average superpowers, who would routinely enact an elaborate plot to fulfill his hedonistic motivations. However, the 1992 "" miniseries modified the character to be an evil and megalomaniacal entity. Eclipso's character laments the power he once had as a spirit of divine vengeance. Eclipso would frequently seek to possess beings of incredible power like Superman, Lar Gand, and Captain Marvel to achieve his ends.


title: Eclipso

text: Eclipso's early comics debut is tied to his first modern host, Bruce Gordon (named after Bruce Wayne and Commissioner Gordon as an inside joke), a scientist specializing in solar energy. While in the jungle to view a solar eclipse, Gordon was attacked by a tribal sorcerer named Mophir. Before plunging to his death off a cliff, Mophir wounded Gordon with a black diamond. Afterwards, Gordon transformed into the villainous Eclipso whenever an eclipse occurred. A blue-gray or purple circle covered the rightmost two-thirds of his face, resembling a partial eclipse. Gordon experienced many Jekyll-and-Hyde transformations and misadventures in "The House of Secrets". During this period, Eclipso was portrayed as a conventional villain, possessing super strength, partial invulnerability, and eye blasts (aided by his black diamond). Eclipso's transformations were later altered so that any type of natural eclipse, lunar or solar, would cause Eclipso and Gordon to split from one another, while an "artificial eclipse" -- an object blocking out a light source -- would merely transform Gordon to Eclipso. Any bright flash of light would banish Eclipso back into Bruce Gordon's body or reverse the change.


title: Eclipso

text: In the early 1990s, DC retconned Eclipso in a company-wide crossover built around the miniseries "Eclipso: The Darkness Within". Eclipso was revealed not simply to be Bruce Gordon's dark half, but a vengeance demon who had possessed Gordon. Eclipso's soul had originally been bound inside a giant black diamond called the "Heart of Darkness" in Africa. A treasure hunter found it in the late 19th century and brought it to London in 1891, where he had a jeweler cut it into 1,000 shards. This weakened the binding spell, allowing Eclipso to possess anyone who became angry while in contact with one of the shards. He was no longer limited to possessing Gordon during an eclipse, but pretended otherwise so that Gordon would not know the truth about the black diamonds.


title: Eclipso

text: Over the next 100 years, the Eclipso entity gathered the diamond shards with the intention of destroying them all, freeing his true power. When Lar Gand discovered Eclipso's palace on the moon and wandered inside, it inspired Eclipso to possess all of Earth's heroes and use them towards his ultimate goal, the conquest of Earth and revenge against God for imprisoning him inside the Heart of Darkness. Eclipso claimed he had spent the last several years "posing as a B-level villain" in order to remain undetected by Earth's heroes and had limited himself to targeting Gordon for the purpose of quashing Gordon's research into solar science. If Gordon had achieved his goal of making solar energy the planet's primary energy source, any solar-powered device could be used as a weapon against Eclipso.


title: Eclipso

text: In the climax of the story, several of Earth's heroes were possessed by Eclipso and transported to the moon during an eclipse. He then absorbed these heroes into his own body, gaining their mass and also their inherent powers. Gordon led a group of heroes armed with solar weapons to the moon in an attempt to defeat Eclipso once and for all. The absorbed heroes were freed in the end, but only after Will Payton destroyed Eclipso's moon base by detonating his own solar-powered body. Eclipso's diamond shards, however, remained on Earth.


title: Eclipso

text: Following the crossover event, Eclipso appeared in a solo series. He conquered the South American country of Parador by possessing one person at a time. The United States sent an investigation team consisting of Cave Carson, Bruce Gordon, and Gordon's fiancé Mona Bennet. Carson's legs were broken and he was left at the border.


title: Eclipso

text: Gordon and Bennet were taken on a tour and shown various atrocities, such as piles of children's corpses. They escaped with the assistance of the Creeper and formed a group of heroes dubbed the Shadow Fighters. This group was led by Amanda Waller, formerly of the Suicide Squad. In issue #13 of the series, Eclipso defeated them, killing Wildcat II, the second Doctor Mid-Nite, the Creeper, Commander Steel, the Manhunter IV (a Mark Shaw ringer), and Major Victory. The Creeper has returned to action in his own series.


title: Eclipso

text: The Peacemaker was also involved in this action. He died in a helicopter crash while trying to destroy Eclipso's tanks. These tanks were attacking the sole surviving member of the Shadow Fighter attack force, Nemesis.


title: Eclipso

text: The other survivors of the Shadow Fighters, those who had not attacked Eclipso directly, regrouped. Eclipso attacked them with a Parador missile, which they evaded using Nightshade's teleportation ability. During the escape, Mona's father was snatched from their vehicle, but he later returned alive. The survivors arrived in the United Nations building, just in time to foil another plot of Eclipso by landing their vehicle on his intended victim.


title: Eclipso

text: Bruce Gordon and Mona Bennet led Earth's superheroes in an attack on Parador, in an attempt to destroy Eclipso once and for all. Eclipso revealed that he dares not kill Gordon and Bennet because their unborn child will time travel to the past as an adult and free Eclipso from the diamond.


title: Eclipso

text: Eclipso was finally defeated when the Phantom Stranger gathered all 1,000 black diamond shards and fused them back together into the Heart of Darkness, imprisoning Eclipso again. His physical body, the adult child of Bennet and Gordon, evaporated in front of his parents.


title: Eclipso

text: Later in the 1990s, the series "The Spectre" (vol. 3) gave key revelations about Eclipso. The Spectre was not the first embodiment of the wrath of God, but was Eclipso's replacement. Series writer John Ostrander chose to portray this as a distinction between the Spectre's pursuit of "vengeance" and Eclipso's pursuit of "revenge". In a Biblical context, Eclipso was responsible for Noah's Flood, while the Spectre was the Angel of Death who slew the first-born Egyptian children.


title: Eclipso

text: The Spectre destroys the Heart of Darkness, along with the remains of Eclipso's palace on the moon, burning them to ash with the Holy Power of God and casting the ashes into outer space.


title: Eclipso

text: Eclipso returns after several years' absence in the "Princes of Darkness" storyline in "JSA" as an ally of the other villains Mordru and Obsidian. Alexander Montez, cousin of Wildcat II, vows revenge on Eclipso for her death. To this end, he gathers the 1,000 black diamonds, liquefies them and injects them into himself; all save one, which he keeps to evoke Eclipso. Exactly how Eclipso's diamonds had returned was unknown. Montez covers his body in tribal tattoos he claims he had learned about on Diablo Island. With these tattoos, Montez can summon all the powers of Eclipso by triggering the diamond with his anger, while remaining in control of himself and keeping Eclipso trapped within. As the new Eclipso, he joins the short-lived team of loose-cannon heroes assembled by Black Adam, which was the subject of the subsequent storyline "Black Reign".


title: Eclipso

text: During Adam's reign in Kahndaq, Alex becomes romantically involved with his teammate Soseh Mykros, the female Nemesis. During the battle, one of Alex's binding glyphs (which keeps Eclipso in control) is broken via a shoulder wound. Eclipso soon kills Nemesis. Alex commits suicide in order to prevent Eclipso from controlling him further. This story was significant as it meant that Eclipso no longer had a limitless number of black diamonds waiting out in the world for him to utilize.


title: Eclipso

text: In "Countdown to Mystery" #4, Alex's body is acquired by Eclipso's followers for an as-yet-unknown magic ritual. In issue #6, all of the black diamond fragments in his body are recombined into their original form.


title: Eclipso

text: Despite the loss of the other black diamonds, the disembodied Eclipso then tries to possess Superman by antagonizing him through many deaths. He eventually possesses Superman by upsetting him via his possession of Lois Lane. At this point, the wizard Shazam steps in by sending Captain Marvel to fight the possessed Eclipso-Superman. Thanks to Superman's weakness to magic, Captain Marvel is able to do a significant amount of damage to Eclipso. A prominent method of attack he uses is to continuously trigger his transformations in close proximity to Superman, resulting in the lightning striking Eclipso.


title: Eclipso

text: Eventually, Shazam himself removes Eclipso from Superman by calling upon the hostless Spectre himself to do it. The Spectre forces Eclipso back into a lone black diamond. The Spectre then warns Shazam that he has made an enemy of Eclipso and that the currently-hostless Spectre will no longer be able to defend him, as he lacks the coherence necessary to effectively recall anything beyond his 'mission'. At the end of this series, the black diamond is seen appearing in Jean Loring's cell in Arkham Asylum.


title: Eclipso

text: In the "Day of Vengeance" miniseries which tied into the "Infinite Crisis" event, Jean Loring, ex-wife of the Atom (Ray Palmer) and murderer of Sue Dibny (as seen in the "Identity Crisis" miniseries), discovers the last black diamond in her prison cell, becomes the new Eclipso, and tricks the Spectre into attacking magic-based heroes as her revenge against Shazam, who was eventually slain while fighting the Spectre. After fending off multiple attacks upon herself, Eclipso-Loring was eventually teleported to a non-decaying orbit around the Sun by Nightshade.


title: Eclipso

text: In the pages of "Infinite Crisis", it was revealed by Alexander Luthor, Jr. that he had sent Superboy-Prime to recover the black diamond and that the Psycho-Pirate delivered it to Loring on Alex's orders and manipulated Eclipso into manipulating the Spectre. This was all done in the interest of breaking down magic into raw magical energy, which Alexander could use for his own ends. The death of Shazam was particularly useful, as his various champions then became a tether of power. All Alex had to do was capture one of them, make them say 'Shazam', and they would summon their lightning bolt to power his machine.


title: Eclipso

text: In Week 27 of "52", Ralph Dibny, on a quest to restore his wife Sue to life and guided by the helmet of Doctor Fate, approaches the Spectre and promises to fulfill any bargain that the Spectre demands in order to restore his wife to life.


title: Eclipso

text: The Spectre, desiring revenge on Eclipso for his manipulations of him during the "Infinite Crisis", but rendered incapable of taking it owing to his present lack of a host, orders Dibny to punish Eclipso in return for his wife's life. Dibny, realizing that this meant punishing Jean Loring, his wife's murderer, and temporarily granted the power of the Spectre, takes Eclipso back to the point at which she (as Jean Loring) murdered his wife and, restoring Jean's sanity, ruthlessly intends to trap her in a permanent time loop and force her to watch herself murder Sue Dibny over and over for all eternity.


title: Eclipso

text: Her sanity restored and Eclipso purged out of her, a terrified Loring tearfully begs for forgiveness, screaming that she was crazy when she murdered Sue and that it 'wasn't me!'. Dibny, affected by her pleas, his sense of compassion, and his own feelings on watching his wife's death, finds himself incapable of such ruthlessness and refuses to complete his pact with the Spectre, returning Eclipso to her orbit around the Sun.


title: Eclipso

text: She has most recently been seen in "Blue Beetle" (vol. 7) #16, searching for a new host. Having come to the conclusion that her hosts' corrupted souls are the cause of her failures, she tries to possess a baby with great magical potential and a pure, uncorrupted soul. She is foiled in this attempt by the Blue Beetle and Traci Thirteen. She even manages to take control of the Blue Beetle and grants him his "supreme desire of power", intending to use the corrupted Beetle to kill the defenders of the baby. To her utter mortification, this means the Beetle's supreme wish, to become a dentist in order to provide for his family, is fulfilled, and is easily swatted aside.


title: Eclipso

text: It was revealed in "Countdown To Mystery" that all of Eclipso's black diamonds were mined on Apokolips millennia ago and that Eclipso was created by Darkseid.


title: Eclipso

text: In "The Seduction of the Innocent" ad campaign for DC's "Countdown", Eclipso's arm can be clearly seen with Mary Marvel looking off-page and her face half-shadowed. Indeed, Eclipso is seen in "Countdown" #38 watching Mary Marvel and plotting to make Mary into her minion. Increasing her anger and suspicions around the other magical beings around her, she manages to warp the sunny and cheery disposition of Mary into sheer anger and distrust and then offers herself as a friend and confidante. After attempting to make her Darkseid's concubine, however, Mary rebels and attempts to kill her.


title: Eclipso

text: In "Countdown To Mystery", Eclipso corrupts more heroes, first Plastic Man and then sets her sights on the Creeper. Mary discovers Eclipso's manipulation of her, and in "Countdown" #17, she sacrifices her abilities and attacks Eclipso with all her power, leaving Mary and Jean freefalling into the ocean surrounding Themyscira. Loring is last seen sinking into the ocean with a shark approaching and Eclipso returns to inhabit Bruce Gordon, declaring her lost.


title: Eclipso

text: In the "Countdown to Mystery" series, Eclipso puts a new plan into motion, corrupting the heroes Plastic Man, the Creeper, and the Dove, and at the same time tasking a group of magi to recover and recombine the pieces of the Heart of Darkness.


title: Eclipso

text: In "Countdown to Mystery" #3, Crispus Allen, the Spectre's current host, tracks down Bruce Gordon. In issue #4, Eclipso once again takes Gordon as a host. Then, in issue #5, Bruce is shown to have some control over Eclipso's powers but can be overwhelmed by his persona if he uses too much at once. In issue #7, Bruce manages to free the heroes from their corruption but is overwhelmed by Eclipso when his ex-wife is threatened. Eclipso then joins with the completed Heart of Darkness, exponentially increasing his powers, and faces off against the Spectre. In issue #8, Bruce, spurred on by Crispus, finally manages to take control of Eclipso, although the two cannot be separated.


title: Eclipso

text: During the "Brightest Day" event, a mysterious being known as the Entity tells Jade to help her brother, Obsidian "balance the darkness", as he will ultimately save her friends from an unidentified threat. As the Entity says this, a grinning vision of Eclipso appears behind Jade.


title: Eclipso

text: Following this, Eclipso reawakens within Bruce, destroying Diablo Island and apparently killing Mona in the process. Eclipso subsequently kidnaps the Shade, Acrata, Nightshade, the Shadow Thief, a French supervillainess named Bette Noir, and a Canadian superhero named Dark Crow, all of whom possess shadow-based abilities. After brainwashing his captives and bringing them under his mental control, Eclipso travels to an extradimensional plane, where he frees a demonic entity known as Sythunu, who agrees to serve Eclipso. With his small team ready, Eclipso travels to the Emerald City that Alan Scott established on the Moon, stating that he now wishes to capture Jade. After taking over Jade, Eclipso defeats and possesses the Justice League's reserve roster (consisting of Cyborg, Doctor Light, the Red Tornado, Animal Man, the Tasmanian Devil, and the Bulleteer), and then badly injures the angel Zauriel. With the Justice League outnumbered, Eclipso then reveals his ultimate goal is to somehow kill God. Eclipso then tortures Zauriel, causing his screams to attract the attention of the new Spectre, Crispus Allen. The Spectre arrives on the Moon, where Eclipso ambushes and kills him, absorbing the Spectre's powers upon his demise. With his newfound abilities, Eclipso reveals that God relies on the collective love of humanity in order to stay alive, and that by destroying Earth, Eclipso will ultimately kill God once and for all. Just as the members of the JLA prepare to wage a counterattack, Eclipso destroys the Moon, apparently dooming all life on Earth. With the Moon destroyed, Eclipso then seemingly kills Donna Troy, the physically strongest remaining member of the Justice League. Donna's death was later revealed to be an illusion conjured by Saint Walker, who used his blue power ring to temporarily trap Eclipso in a state of euphoria. After the Atom and Starman break Eclipso's link to his brainwashed slaves, the combined heroes attack Eclipso together, defeating him.


title: Eclipso

text: In 2011, "The New 52" rebooted the DC universe. Eclipso is depicted as the god of vengeance and once again trapped in the Heart of Darkness. A criminal organization working for Kaizen Gamorra tries to steal the item, with Team 7 trying to stop them. During the fight, Slade Wilson is briefly possessed by Eclipso. With the help of Essence, the other heroes manage to trap him again in the black diamond, which is then sent to somewhere safe. Five years later, Catwoman is hired to steal the diamond, now kept in one of A.R.G.U.S.'s secret rooms; she succeeds, although she is affected by the item's magic.


title: Eclipso

text: Eclipso is subsequently revealed to be an inhabitant of Gemworld with the powers of House Onyx and House Diamond and was once Kalaa of the planet Gilaa. He was trapped in the diamond by the then-Princess of House Amethyst centuries ago. Now possessing Dr. Alex Montez, he is sent back to Gemworld by John Constantine, where he seizes control of the two Houses to which he is connected. Seeking revenge on House Amethyst, he is defeated by Princess Amaya and again trapped in the diamond.


title: Eclipso

text: Later, the black diamond is delivered to scientist Gordon Jacobs, who has fallen from grace. Using Gordon's rage, Eclipso from inside the gem manipulated him into cutting himself with the gem so he can possess him. After taking his body, Eclipso murders Jonah Bennet, Gordon's partner and father of his fiancé, Mona, who has come to visit Gordon, but after that, Gordon realizes that he was out of control and he must destroy the gem. But Eclipso tells him that if he does, he will also kill himself, because they are one and the same now. Eclipso also manipulates and convinces Gordon not to throw away the gem, using Mona as an excuse. Eclipso warns that if the diamond and he are destroyed, the blood bond between them means Gordon will die too. Manipulatively, Eclipso reminds him that with Jonah's death, Gordon must be there to comfort her and soon, Gordon is convinced.


title: Eclipso

text: In the "DC Rebirth" event "Justice League vs. Suicide Squad", Maxwell Lord uses a team of Lobo, Johnny Sorrow, the Emerald Empress, Rustam, and Doctor Polaris—identified as the original incarnation of the Suicide Squad—to steal the Heart of Darkness from a vault in Amanda Waller's base, allowing him to expand his powers to take control of the Justice League and the people of the world. Using the Heart of Darkness, Maxwell Lord 'succeeds' in bringing 'peace' across America, but it quickly degenerates into mass hysteria as the crystal corrupts those around him. Amanda Waller is able to snap Maxwell Lord back to his senses and he realizes that the Heart of Darkness is manipulating his power in order to sow rioting and chaos. Before Waller can help Lord remove the Heart of Darkness, it infects Lord and turns him into a host for Eclipso, leaving only Batman and the Suicide Squad to stand against his Justice League in a showdown at the White House (having been transported there by Cyborg via a Boom Tube, Cyborg's mechanical components helping him resist the Heart of Darkness's influence long enough to help Batman and the Squad). Eclipso is able to take over most of the Squad by drawing on their darker desires, but Batman and Lobo are able to hold them off long enough for Killer Frost to use her powers to create a prism, perfectly modulated to reflect Superman's heat vision at a frequency that will drive Eclipso back. With his hold weakened, Eclipso attempts to escape by drawing on Killer Frost's darkest desire, but since all she truly wants deep down is to make a difference, she is able to throw Eclipso off, leaving him trapped in the diamond once again while Lord is imprisoned.


title: Eclipso

text: In the crossover event "Infinite Frontier", according to Darkseid, in order to contend for Great Darkness, he will fight with Eclipso, Upside-down Man, Nekron, and Empty Hand.


title: Eclipso

text: Eclipso is the primordial manifestation of God's wrath and was responsible for the Great Flood of Biblical fame. A magical being of incalculable strength, Eclipso has demonstrated the powers of flight, immortality, invulnerability, super speed and stamina, an advanced intellect, and the ability to emit deadly rays of dark light from his left eye and a powerful burst of paralyzing black light from his right eye by looking through a shard of the Heart of Darkness gem. He carries with him a seemingly unbreakable mystical sword and is a considerable swordsman.


title: Eclipso

text: Eclipso possesses vast magical powers that allow him to perform such godlike feats as manipulation of the weather and seas to cause natural disasters (floods, thunderstorms, etc.), increasing his size to that of a giant, absorbing the powers of the Spectre, and projecting powerful energy from his hands that can stun or kill his opponents. As a former servant of God, Eclipso is able to "speak" the angelic language, a combination of harmony, discordance, vibration, and telepathy. In later publishing, his powers have grown ever still, showcasing vast cosmological if not reality-bending capability at his peak, being able to cause a solar eclipse drowning the entire world in darkness.


title: Eclipso

text: Eclipso is able to overshadow anyone who touches or comes into contact with the cursed Heart of Darkness gem, controlling the host's powers and influencing their behaviors and memories to Eclipso's own ends. He can then strengthen his host by either enhancing their normal capabilities or bestowing them with new powers. In his later appearances, Eclipso boasts even greater possession power than previously seen and, after possessing Maxwell Lord, his abilities to possess and corrupt people were intensified. No longer needing people to physically touch the stone for him to affect them, he can remotely possess multiple hosts, providing he can corrupt them first. Furthermore, his influence can exacerbate the darker impulses of individuals who come under his sway, and those whom he possesses undergo a visible transformation, gaining a more monstrous physical appearance. He can physically shift his main host's body into his true, more powerful, physical form.


title: Eclipso

text: Despite his power, he is still bound by the divine laws of the Presence and is subject to even greater punishment from the Presence himself if these bounds are crossed.


title: Eclipso

text: In the Elseworlds story "", a restrained Bruce Gordon/Eclipso makes an appearance in Professor Hamilton's Cadmus Labs.


title: Eclipso

text: Eclipso and his main host Dr. Bryce Gordon are featured in the "Smallville Season 11" digital comic based on the TV series. Appearing in Metropolis after a dig in Africa, Dr. Gordon becomes Eclipso and engages Superman who is taken to the cops. He later escapes and Eclipso is tricked into possessing Superman and Superboy, which leaves Gordon to be taken into custody and the black diamond is destroyed. Afterwards the remains are seemingly collected by Emil Hamilton and STAR Labs, which reveals the shards are sending signals to each other. One of the shards is taken by Steve Lombard who controls the remains into Metropolis which leads a crazed Gordon and the heroes back to Eclipso. The Eclipso monster is then defeated by the heroes and Hank Henshaw with the remains taken into space by Green Lantern.


title: Eclipso

text: In "Justice League 3001", Terry Magnus is brought to Lady Styx who transforms the former into her new servant, Eclipso. Eclipso is tasked with destroying the Justice League and forms a Legion of Death to do so. Eclipso and his Legion of Death find Paradise Island and attack the Justice League. As the Flash (Teri Magnus) speeds away to alert the other members, Eclipso confronts her and reveals that he is her brother Terry. Eclipso is then interrupted by Wonder Woman.


title: Boston cream pie

text: A Boston cream pie is a cake with a cream filling. The dessert acquired its name when cakes and pies were cooked in the same pans, and the words were used interchangeably. In the late 19th century, this type of cake was variously called a "cream pie", a "chocolate cream pie", or a "custard cake".


title: Boston cream pie

text: It is claimed to be created in 1856 by Armenian-French chef M. Sanzian at the Parker House Hotel in Boston. A direct descendant of earlier cakes known as American pudding-cake pie and Washington pie, the dessert was referred to as chocolate cream pie, Parker House chocolate cream pie, and finally Boston cream pie on Parker House's menus. The cake consisted of two layers of French butter sponge cake filled with thick custard and brushed with a rum syrup; its side was coated with the same custard overlaid with toasted sliced almonds, and the top coated with chocolate fondant. While other custard cakes may have existed at that time, baking chocolate as a coating was a new process, making it unique and a popular choice on the menu.


title: Boston cream pie

text: The name "chocolate cream pie" first appeared in the 1872 "Methodist Almanac". An early printed use of the term "Boston cream pie" occurred in the "Granite Iron Ware Cook Book", printed in 1878. The earliest known recipe for the modern variant was printed in "Miss Parloa's Kitchen Companion" in 1887 as "chocolate cream pie".


title: Boston cream pie

text: A Boston cream doughnut is a Berliner filled with vanilla custard or "crème pâtissière" and topped with icing made from chocolate.


title: After Hours til Dawn Tour

text: The After Hours til Dawn Tour, previously titled The After Hours Tour, is the ongoing seventh concert tour by Canadian artist the Weeknd, in support of his fourth and fifth studio albums, "After Hours" (2020) and "Dawn FM" (2022). The tour primarily visits stadiums and its first leg commenced on July 14, 2022, at Lincoln Financial Field in Philadelphia and is set to conclude on October 15, 2023 at Estadio Bicentenario de La Florida in Santiago.


title: After Hours til Dawn Tour

text: The tour was originally only in support of "After Hours", set to take place in arenas, and set to begin on June 11, 2020, in Vancouver and to conclude on November 16 in London. However, due to concerns from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, all of the original dates were postponed twice (first to 2021 and then to early 2022) before being cancelled in favor of an all-stadium tour due to arena constraints.


title: After Hours til Dawn Tour

text: American rapper and singer Doja Cat was originally set to perform as the opening act for the North America leg of the tour, but pulled out due to tonsil surgery. She was replaced by Canadian DJ Kaytranada, Swedish singer Snoh Aalegra and American record producer Mike Dean.


title: After Hours til Dawn Tour

text: On February 20, 2020, the Weeknd announced through social media that he would be touring North America and Europe later that year in support of his fourth studio album "After Hours". He also revealed that Don Toliver would open for the North American leg, Black Atlass would open for the European leg, and Sabrina Claudio would open for both. Additional dates were added in Vancouver, Miami, Los Angeles and Toronto on March 3 due to high demand, while an additional date was added in London on the following day, and on March 12 for the Czech Republic.


title: After Hours til Dawn Tour

text: Due to concerns regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, the tour's promoter, Live Nation Entertainment, announced that all arena tours scheduled to take place in 2020 would be postponed. When asked about the status of his tour during a cover story with "Variety" in April, the Weeknd stated that the tour would not be cancelled and that he and his team were working on new itinerary. He announced new dates for the tour on May 20, with it being scheduled to commence on June 12, 2021, in Vancouver, and to conclude on November 11 in Berlin.


title: After Hours til Dawn Tour

text: On February 3, 2021, the Weeknd postponed the tour for a second time and revealed that it was now scheduled to begin in January 2022 in Vancouver. He postponed the tour a third time on October 18, and announced that the tour would now begin in the summer of 2022 and would now be held in stadiums due to arena constraints. He also revealed the tour's new name as a result of his decision to incorporate elements of "Dawn FM", his fifth studio album and follow up to "After Hours". After a small delay due to the Russo-Ukrainian War, the Weeknd announced the North American leg of the tour on March 3 with Doja Cat as the opening act. Pre-sales for those who purchased a ticket for the Weeknd's previously postponed tours began on March 4. Tickets went on sale for the general public on March 10. An additional date was added to Inglewood on March 11. As a UN Goodwill Ambassador for the World Food Programme (WFP), the Weeknd launched the XO Humanitarian Fund in partnership with the organization. He will donate US$1 from every ticket sold, in addition to a US$500,000 donation, to the WFP.


title: After Hours til Dawn Tour

text: On May 20, 2022, Doja Cat announced she would no longer be opening for the North American leg due to tonsil surgery. Kaytranada, Snoh Aalegra and Mike Dean were announced as the new openers on June 30. The first stop on the tour in the Weeknd's hometown of Toronto at Rogers Centre on July 8, 2022, was forced to be postponed at the last moment due to the 2022 Rogers network outage affecting the venue's operations. It was later rescheduled to September 22. A second night in Toronto for September 23 was announced on August 29.


title: After Hours til Dawn Tour

text: During his second show in Inglewood at SoFi Stadium on September 3, 2022, the Weeknd ended the show in the middle of "Can't Feel My Face". "I don’t know what just happened, but I just lost my voice," he said to the stadium of fans. "This is killing me, I don’t want to stop the show but I can’t give you the concert I want to give you right now. I’m gonna make sure everybody’s good; you’ll get your money back, I’ll do a show real soon for you guys. But I wanted to come out and personally apologize." Fans were stunned following his announcement, reluctant to leave their seats, in confusion. He later announced the following message on his social media, "My voice went out during the first song and I’m devastated. Felt it go and my heart dropped. My deepest apologies to my fans here. I promise I’ll make it up to you with a new date." On September 6, 2022, the Weeknd announced that "[his] voice is safe and with rest, [he will] be solid and able to bring the show [for which his] TORONTO fans are waiting." He also said that the "LA date is being worked out soon." As of September 7, 2022, the Ticketmaster website now includes the following message regarding the concert: "The Event Organizer has had to postpone your event. Please hold onto your tickets as they will be valid for the new date." Fans were also sent the same message via email, including the option for refunds if preferred over using the tickets on the rescheduled date. On September 27, the rescheduled show was announced for November 26, with an additional show added for November 27.


title: After Hours til Dawn Tour

text: In a press release to "Variety", the After Hours til Dawn Tour "will see [the Weeknd's] most ambitious production to date reflecting the creative journey that continues to unfold for both ["After Hours" and "Dawn FM"], creating worlds within worlds as we have all been watching unfold in various television performances, music videos and short films bringing these first two pieces of his trilogy to life." The Weeknd's creative director and childhood friend La Mar Taylor explained in an interview with "Variety" that the tour would be theatrical and conceptual, saying: "There is a linear story between "After Hours" and "Dawn FM", and I think the audience will walk away with different interpretations of the show. To us, that’s the whole point.” Binance, the tour's sponsor, provided more details of the tour via their non-fungible token (NFT) inspired by the show, saying that the Weeknd "journeys through a cosmic cataclysm that has erupted and plagued the Earth. The devastation is widespread and will most likely continue till dawn." The stage design has 3 stages: the main stage, showcasing a row of destroyed buildings including Toronto's CN Tower, and a screen behind them showing visuals of a futuristic post apocalyptic skyline; the main stage leads to a catwalk leading into a quadrangular stage, which features an inflatable moon over its edge and also unites the catwalk leading into a circular stage. The show displays The Weeknd performing in all three of these stages, while his Imperial Guards walk and dance in a cult-like manner, as shown in the "Sacrifice" music video for "Dawn FM". At the start of the show, during "Alone Again" and "Gasoline", he wears a mask reminiscent of the "How Do I Make You Love Me?" animated music video. During the final two songs, LED wristbands provided by PixMob which are given to each attendee, light up.


title: After Hours til Dawn Tour

text: This set list is representative of the first show in Philadelphia, performed on July 14, 2022. It does not represent all concerts for the duration of the tour.


title: Jeff Schaffer

text: Schaffer and his brother Greg (also a film and TV writer and producer) were raised in the Warren–Howland, Ohio area, about east of Cleveland. He is Jewish.


title: Jeff Schaffer

text: After graduating from Western Reserve Academy in Hudson, Ohio, Schaffer attended Harvard College, where he was on the staff of the humor publication "The Harvard Lampoon".


title: Jeff Schaffer

text: After college, Schaffer and his "Harvard Lampoon "writing pals Alec Berg and David Mandel wrote several episodes of the sitcom Seinfeld. He also served as executive producer during its ninth season. He also held various other positions on the show such as program consultant, supervising producer and story editor. Schaffer is credited with creating the Festivus pole.


title: Jeff Schaffer

text: Schaffer directed several episodes of "Curb Your Enthusiasm" and also served as executive producer for several episodes. Notably, Schaffer directed "Seinfeld", the finale episode of "Curb Your Enthusiasm"s seventh season, which featured a reunion of the original cast of the "Seinfeld" series (for which the star and creator of "Curb Your Enthusiasm", Larry David, was co-creator, head writer and executive producer).


title: Jeff Schaffer

text: "The League" is a "semi-improvised series." The sitcom which was created by Schaffer and his wife Jackie Schaffer. It is written and directed by Jeff Schaffer.


title: Jeff Schaffer

text: Schaffer worked with Dave Burd to create "Dave", a sitcom that is loosely based on Burd's life as a rapper. The show premiered on FXX on March 4, 2020. The show's second season premiered on June 16, 2021.


title: Jeff Schaffer

text: Schaffer wrote and directed "EuroTrip", a 2004 teen comedy, and participated in the screenplay for the 2003 adaptation of the Dr. Seuss book "The Cat in the Hat". Other scripts he helped write include two comedy features starring Sacha Baron Cohen, "Brüno" (2009) and "The Dictator" (2012). On the latter film, Alec Berg and David Mandel — former "Seinfeld" writers as well as friends and collaborators with Schaffer since college — also collaborated, and veteran "Seinfeld" writer and "Curb Your Enthusiasm" director Larry Charles directed. All four would later write the TV movie "Clear History" starring Larry David.


title: Jeff Schaffer

text: Dan O'Keefe, who worked with Schaffer on "Seinfeld", credits Schaffer with introducing the concept of the Festivus pole as the only decoration for Festivus, the December 23 holiday. Festivus was popularized in the 1997 "Seinfeld" episode "The Strike". The aluminum pole was not part of the original O'Keefe family celebration, which centered on putting a clock in a bag and nailing it to a wall.


title: Jeff Schaffer

text: Schaffer married the former Jackie Marcus, also his professional partner, particularly on "The League"; their life experiences have often been translated into the plot of the series. They have a daughter, Arwen (named for the character in "The Lord of the Rings"), born in 2012.


title: Adbhutham

text: Adbhutham () is a 2021 Indian Telugu-language science-fiction romance film directed by Mallik Ram from the screenplay of Lakshmi Bhupala and Prasanth Varma. The film stars Teja Sajja and Shivani Rajashekar. It was premiered on Disney+ Hotstar on November 19, 2021. The film received mixed reviews.


title: Adbhutham

text: Surya and Vennela standing on top of office building and near lake respectively want to commit suicide. It is shown that 12 hours before Surya gets up with dream of car accident and answers his friend's call asking him to reach office early as he was late for music director interview to be hosted by him. He gets an unknown call which he disconnects and also gets food from an unknown person. He gets call from another person asking him to participate in some competition, however, he gets lost in his thoughts about his father and about to meet with an accident, however, nothing happens. During the interview, Surya insults the music director and gets insulted by his manager who happens to be his father's friend. The manager says that him being adamant about music was the primary reason behind his father's death. Meanwhile, at Vennela's house, the groom and his family have come to see her. She tries to cancel the marriage fix in order to follow her dreams, however, it turns out that the groom wants to marry her. Also, her father wants her to get married as she is unable to clear entrance exam for the past two years. She assures her father that she will pass the entrance test this time. It turns out that she has failed in the mock test. Because of the reasons, each of them wants to commit suicide.


title: Adbhutham

text: Surya decides to message someone that he is going to commit suicide. Confused by whom to message he messages himself. The message is received by Vennela and they start to fight as to how the other person is sending message to their own number. In this confusion, Surya aborts his plan to commit suicide and his friend also comes to his rescue. Vennela gets call from her father saying her grandmother had had a heart attack. After a series of confusion and conflicts between the two, they become friends with conditions, one of them being that they should not meet each other. One day Vennela comes across one of her friends that she was cheated by her online boyfriend who has asked her money as help and he never returned. So she decides to meet Surya at clock tower, to which he agrees. Both reach the place, however, the place where Surya happens to be has strong winds while that of Vennela happens to be sunny. Though Surya explains this to Vennela, she does not understand. Surya gets an umbrella from a kid and reaches home and calls Vennela. Vennela, feeling cheated that Surya wanted to get money from her, answers the call and starts to fight. During the fight, Surya asks her to watch television wherein news mention cyclone, however, Vennela tells him that news is all about Telangana agitations, to which Surya responds that separate Telangana state has already been declared on February 18, 2014. Then he realises that Vennela happens to be in 2014, when she confirms the date to be February 14, 2014, while he is in 2019.


title: Adbhutham

text: Vennela feels that she has been cheated by Surya, however, she gets surprised when separate Telangana was announced on February 18 as the same Surya had said to her. She asks Surya to come to clock tower and wants to know any other incident which has happened on that day to confirm that they are from different timelines. Unable to figure out any incident, she scribbles on the bench where they both are sitting in their respective timelines, which Surya confirms. Both of them try meeting the other person in their respective timelines on the advise of Vennela's grandmother but to no avail. Time passes and their friendship blossoms. On one day, Vennela proposes to Surya while sitting on the same bench to which Surya says that he never had feelings for her and that he may not love any person as he was rejected by the person whom he loved. Vennela gets angry on him and cuts the phone. She gets proposed by an unknown person and she slaps him and rejects his proposal. The unknown person happens to be Surya. Vennela and her grandmother start drinking thinking about her rejection. Meanwhile, Surya calls Vennela to find out if she is alright and explains his story where he reveals about his life and how he fell in love, him getting rejected by his love, getting drunk and his father's death.


title: Adbhutham

text: As her father wants to finalize marriage, she says that if she does not clear the entrance test, she will do as he says. Her grandmother comes up with an idea to get the answers from Surya in 2019 for 2014 exam. Vennela passes the exam with All India rank 87. Though her father is impressed by her, she feels guilty that she has cheated to which Surya asks her to disclose the same to her father. Surya, on his father's death anniversary, gets multiple calls from Vennela. When reverted, he realises that Vennela can save his father and guides her to the place where his father was found dead. It happens to be that his father died saving Vennela, who was being kidnapped by some thugs. Vennela realises the same but loses her phone during the tussle. She tries multiple times to meet Surya, however, she is unable to as the nature keeps stopping her meeting him. Not knowing any of this, Surya of 2019 tries contacting her but to no response as Vennela has lost her phone. Vennela's grandmother tells her that the nature does not want her to meet Surya and Surya in future does not have Vennela by his side. Surya, remembering one of the interactions with Vennela, goes to lake side where she keeps wishes in letters under Lord Rama idol. He reads one of those which has his father's last wish and finds the guitar which he loved as a gift. Surya decides to participate in music competition where he performs well.


title: Adbhutham

text: Meanwhile, Surya asks one of his friends to find out what has happened to Vennela's number as be is unable to contact. His friend tells him that since the number was disabled in 2014, the same number was given to Surya. She also mentions that Vennela has died in a car accident on the same day as his performance. Looking at the newspaper, Surya understands that Vennela is none other than the person whom he proposed. Surya of 2014 receives his father's belongings and comes across Vennela's mobile phone and calls the last number. Surya of 2019 answers the call and realises that it's Surya of 2014 on the other side. He guides Surya of 2014 to reach Vennela and save her from her impending death. However, Vennela's car meets with accident. Surya, dejected, goes to the clock tower. He finds Vennela standing behind him and they hug each other. It is shown that Vennela sees one of Surya's friends and gets out of the car before car is met with accident. She explains that she left for higher studies after listening to her grandmother and since she came back, she tried meeting him but everytime she tried, there's some harm to his life, one of which happens to be the incident shown in the beginning. She mentions that she was always around him as she is the one who used to order him food daily and also she is the one who gave him umbrella. She also mentions that she waited for the day she lost her mobile phone in order to meet him and that happens to be the day of his performance. They understand that whatever has happened is nature driven and are brought together after each of them has fulfilled their goals.


title: Adbhutham

text: Initially planned as a theatrical film and a debut for both the leading actors, the film was postponed and eventually premiered on Disney+ Hotstar on November 19, 2021.


title: Adbhutham

text: Mukesh Manjunath writing for "Film Companion" praised the film to be one of the best entertainers of the year. Sangeetha Devi Dundoo writing for "The Hindu", noted that this science fiction romance comedy does not leverage on its interesting premise.


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: De vita Caesarum (Latin; "About the Life of the Caesars"), commonly known as The Twelve Caesars, is a set of twelve biographies of Julius Caesar and the first 11 emperors of the Roman Empire written by Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus. The group are: Julius Caesar (d. 44 BC), Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero, Galba, Otho, Vitellius, Vespasian, Titus, Domitian (d. 96 AD).


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: The work, written in AD 121 during the reign of the emperor Hadrian, was the most popular work of Suetonius, at that time Hadrian's personal secretary, and is the largest among his surviving writings. It was dedicated to a friend, the Praetorian prefect Gaius Septicius Clarus.


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: "The Twelve Caesars" was considered very significant in antiquity and remains a primary source on Roman history. The book discusses the significant and critical period of the Principate from the end of the Republic to the reign of Domitian; comparisons are often made with Tacitus, whose surviving works document a similar period.


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: The "Twelve Caesars", using the same group, were a popular subject in art in many different media from the Renaissance onwards.


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: The book can be described as racy, overly sensationalist, packed with gossip, drama, and sometimes humor. The book heavily relies on hearsay and rumor, and at times the author subjectively expresses his opinion and knowledge. Several important events are omitted.


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: Although he was never a senator himself, Suetonius took the side of the Senate in most conflicts with the "princeps", as well as the senators' views of the emperor. That resulted in biases, both conscious and unconscious. Suetonius lost access to the official archives shortly after beginning his work. He was forced to rely on secondhand accounts when it came to Claudius (with the exception of the letters of Augustus, which had been gathered earlier) and does not quote the emperor.


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: The book still provides valuable information on the heritage, personal habits, physical appearance, lives, and political careers of the first Roman emperors. It mentions details which other sources do not. For example, Suetonius is the main source on the lives of Caligula, his uncle Claudius, and the heritage of Vespasian (the relevant sections of the "Annals" by his contemporary Tacitus having been lost). Suetonius made a reference in this work to "Chrestus", which could refer to Christ, and in the book on Nero he mentions Christians (see Historicity of Jesus). Like many of his contemporaries, Suetonius took omens seriously and carefully includes reports of omens portending imperial births, accessions, and deaths.


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: Suetonius begins this section with Caesar's father's death when he himself was aged sixteen. Suetonius then narrates that period describing Caesar's disengagement with a wealthy girl called Cossutia, engagement with Cornelia during the civic strife. He also narrated Caesar's conquests, especially in Gaul, and his Civil War against Pompey the Great. Several times Suetonius quotes Caesar. Suetonius includes Caesar's famous decree, "Veni, vidi, vici" (I came, I saw, I conquered). In discussing Caesar's war against Pompey the Great, Suetonius quotes Caesar during a battle that he nearly lost, "That man [Pompey] does not know how to win a war."


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: Suetonius describes an incident that would become one of the most memorable of the entire book. As a young man, Caesar was captured by pirates in the Mediterranean Sea. Amused at the lowness of the initial ransom they sought to ask for him, Caesar insisted that they raise his price to 50 talents, and promised that one day he would find them and crucify them (this was the standard punishment for piracy during this time). He spent the remainder of his time in captivity addressing them as subordinates, participating in their games and exercises, and forcing them to listen to his speeches and poetry. After being released a little more than a month later, following the payment of the ransom of 50 talents, Caesar shortly raised an army entirely on his own (despite holding no command or public office), captured the pirates, and crucified them, recovering the 50 talents.


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: It is from Suetonius that we first learn of another incident during the life of Julius Caesar. While serving as quaestor in Hispania, Caesar once visited a statue of Alexander the Great. Upon viewing this statue, Suetonius reports that Caesar fell to his knees, weeping. When asked what was wrong, Caesar sighed, and said that by the time Alexander was his (Caesar's) age, he had conquered the whole world.


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: Suetonius describes Caesar's gift at winning the loyalty and admiration of his soldiers. Suetonius mentions that Caesar commonly referred to them as "comrades" instead of "soldiers." When one of Caesar's legions took heavy losses in a battle, Caesar vowed not to trim his beard or hair until he had avenged the deaths of his soldiers. Suetonius describes an incident during a naval battle. One of Caesar's soldiers had his hand cut off. Despite the injury, this soldier still managed to board an enemy ship and subdue its crew. Suetonius mentions Caesar's famous crossing of the Rubicon (the border between Italy and Cisalpine Gaul), on his way to Rome to start a Civil War against Pompey and ultimately seize power.


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: Suetonius later describes Caesar's major reforms upon defeating Pompey and seizing power. One such reform was the modification of the Roman calendar. The calendar at the time had already used the same system of solar years and lunar months that our current calendar uses. Caesar updated the calendar so as to minimize the number of lost days due to the prior calendar’s imprecision regarding the exact amount of time in a solar year. Caesar also renamed the fifth month (also the month of his birth) in the Roman calendar July, in his honor (Roman years started in March, not January as they do under the current calendar). Suetonius says that Caesar had planned on invading and conquering the Parthian Empire. These plans were not carried out due to Caesar's assassination.


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: Suetonius then includes a description of Caesar's appearance and personality. Suetonius says that Caesar was semi-bald. Due to embarrassment regarding his premature baldness, Caesar combed his hair over and forward so as to hide this baldness. Caesar wore a senator's tunic with an orange belt. Caesar is described as routinely wearing loose clothes. Suetonius quotes the Roman dictator Lucius Cornelius Sulla as saying, "Beware the boy with the loose clothes, for one day he will mean the ruin of the Republic." This quote referred to Caesar, as he had been a young man during Sulla's Social War and subsequent dictatorship. Suetonius describes Caesar as taking steps so that others would not refer to him as king. Political enemies at the time had claimed that Caesar wanted to bring back the much reviled monarchy.


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: Finally, Suetonius describes Caesar's assassination. Shortly before his assassination, Caesar told a friend that he wanted to die a sudden and spectacular death. Suetonius believes that several omens predicted the assassination. One such omen was a vivid dream Caesar had the night before his assassination.


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: The day of the assassination, Suetonius claims that Caesar was given a document describing the entire plot. Caesar took the document, but did not have a chance to read it before he was assassinated.


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: Suetonius says that others have claimed that Caesar reproached the conspirator Brutus, saying "You too, my child?" (). This specific wording varies slightly from the more famous quote, "Even you, Brutus?" ("et tu, Brute") from Shakespeare's "Julius Caesar".


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: However, Suetonius himself asserts that Caesar said nothing, apart from a single groan, as he was being stabbed. Instead Suetonius reports that Caesar exclaimed, "Why, this is violence!" as the attack began.


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: Before he died, Julius Caesar had designated his great-nephew, Gaius Octavius (who would be named Augustus by the Roman Senate after becoming emperor), as his adopted son and heir. Octavius' mother, Atia, was the daughter of Caesar's sister, Julia Minor.


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: Octavian (not yet renamed Augustus) finished the civil wars started by his great-uncle, Julius Caesar. One by one, Augustus defeated the legions of the other generals who wanted to succeed Julius Caesar as the master of the Roman world. Suetonius includes descriptions of these civil wars, including the final one against Mark Antony that ended with the Battle of Actium. Antony had been Octavian's last surviving rival, but committed suicide after his defeat at Actium. It was after this victory in 31 BC that Octavian became master of the Roman world and imperator (emperor). His declaration of the end of the Civil Wars that had started under Julius Caesar marked the historic beginning of the Roman Empire, and the Pax Romana. Octavian at this point was given the title ("the venerable") by the Roman Senate.


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: After describing the military campaigns of Augustus, Suetonius describes his personal life. A large section of the entire book is devoted to this. This is partly because after Actium, the reign of Augustus was mostly peaceful. It has also been noted by several sources that the entire work of "The Twelve Caesars" delves more deeply into personal details and gossip relative to other contemporary Roman histories.


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: Suetonius describes a strained relationship between Augustus and his daughter Julia. Augustus had originally wanted Julia, his only child, to provide for him a male heir. Due to difficulties regarding an heir, and Julia's promiscuity, Augustus banished Julia to the island of Pandateria and considered having her executed. Suetonius quotes Augustus as repeatedly cursing his enemies by saying that they should have "a wife and children like mine."


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: According to Suetonius, Augustus lived a modest life, with few luxuries. Augustus lived in an ordinary Roman house, ate ordinary Roman meals, and slept in an ordinary


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: Suetonius describes certain omens and dreams that predicted the birth of Augustus. One dream described in the book suggested that his mother, Atia, was a virgin impregnated by a Roman god. In 63 BC, during the consulship of Cicero, several Roman senators dreamt that a king would be born, and would rescue the republic. 63 BC was also the year Augustus was born. One other omen described by Suetonius suggests that Julius Caesar decided to make Augustus his heir after seeing an omen while serving as the Roman governor of Hispania Ulterior.


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: Suetonius includes a section regarding the only two military defeats Rome suffered under Augustus. Both of these defeats occurred in Germany. The first defeat was inconsequential. During the second, the Battle of Teutoburg Forest, three Roman legions (Legio XVII, Legio XVIII, and Legio XIX) were defeated by the West-Germanic resistance to Roman imperialism, led by Arminius. Much of what is known about this battle was written in this book. According to Suetonius, this battle "almost wrecked the empire." It is from Suetonius where we get the reaction of Augustus upon learning of the defeat. Suetonius writes that Augustus hit his head against a wall in despair, repeating, "Quintili Vare, legiones redde!" ('Quinctilius Varus, give me back my legions!') This defeat was one of the worst Rome suffered during the entire Principate. The result was the establishment of the rivers Rhine and Danube as the natural northern border of the empire. Rome would never again push its territory deeper into Germany. Suetonius suggests that Augustus never fully got over this defeat.


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: Suetonius opens his book on Tiberius by highlighting his ancestry as a member of the patrician Claudii, and recounts his birth father’s career as a military officer both under Caesar and as a supporter of Lucius Antonius in his rebellion against Octavian. Upon the resumption of peace, Octavian took an interest in Livia, and requested that the couple divorce so that he could marry her, making Tiberius his stepson. Tiberius’s adolescence and marriages are recorded, with Suetonius noting Tiberius’s displeasure at being forced by Augustus to divorce his first wife, Vipsania Agrippina, in order to marry Augustus’s daughter Julia.


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: The early successes of Tiberius in his legal, political, and military career are recounted, including his command of several Roman armies in Germany. It was his leadership in these German campaigns that convinced Augustus to adopt Tiberius and to make him his heir. According to Suetonius, Tiberius retired at a young age to Rhodes, before returning to Rome some time before the death of Augustus. The ascent of Tiberius to the throne was possible because the two grandsons that Augustus had died before Augustus, and the last grandson, Postumus Agrippa – although originally designated co-rule with Tiberius – was later deemed morally unsound by Augustus.


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: Augustus began a long (and at times successful) tradition of adopting an heir, rather than allowing a son to succeed an emperor. Suetonius quotes from the will Augustus left. Suetonius suggests that not only was Tiberius not thought of highly by Augustus, but Augustus expected Tiberius to fail.


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: After briefly mentioning military and administrative successes, Suetonius tells of perversion, brutality and vice and goes into depth to describe depravities he attributes to Tiberius.


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: Despite the lurid tales, modern history looks upon Tiberius as a successful and competent emperor who at his death left the state treasury much richer than when his reign began. Thus Suetonius' treatment of the character of Tiberius, like Claudius', must be taken with a pinch of salt.


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: Tiberius died of natural causes. Suetonius describes widespread joy in Rome upon his death. There was a desire to have his body thrown down the Gemonian stairs and into the Tiber River, as this he had done many times previously to others. Tiberius had no living children when he died, although his (probable) natural grandson, Tiberius Julius Caesar Nero (Gemellus), and his adopted grandson, Gaius Caesar Caligula, both survived him. Tiberius designated both as his joint heirs, but seems to have favored Caligula over Gemellus, due to Gemellus' youth.


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: Most of what is known about the reign of Caligula comes from Suetonius. Other contemporary Roman works, such as those of Tacitus, contain little, if anything, about Caligula. Presumably most of what existed regarding his reign was lost long ago.


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: For most of the work, Suetonius refers to Caligula by his actual first name, Gaius. ('little boots') was a nickname given to him by his father's soldiers, because as a boy he would often dress in miniature battle gear and 'drill' the troops (without knowing the commands, but the troops loved him all the same and pretended to understand him). Caligula's father, Germanicus, was loved throughout Rome as a brilliant military commander and example of Roman pietas. Tiberius had adopted Germanicus as his heir, with the hope that Germanicus would succeed him. Germanicus died before he could succeed Tiberius in 19 AD.


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: Upon the death of Tiberius, Caligula became emperor. Initially the Romans loved Caligula due to their memory of his father. But most of what Suetonius says of Caligula is negative, and describes him as having an affliction that caused him to suddenly fall unconscious. Suetonius believed that Caligula knew that something was wrong with him.


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: He reports that Caligula married his sister, threatened to make his horse consul, and that he sent an army to the northern coast of Gaul and as they prepared to invade Britain, one rumour had it that he had them pick seashells on the shore (evidence shows that this could be a fabrication as the word for "shell" in Latin doubles as the word that the legionaries of the time used to call the 'huts' that the soldiers erected during the night while on campaign). He once built a walkway from his palace to a temple so that he could be closer to his "brother," the Roman god Jupiter, as Caligula believed himself to be a living deity. He would also have busts of his head replace those on statues of different gods.


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: He would call people to his palace in the middle of the night. When they arrived, he would hide and make strange noises. At other times, he would have people assassinated, and then call for them. When they did not show up, he would remark that they must have committed suicide.


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: Suetonius describes several omens that predicted the assassination of Caligula. He mentions a bolt of lightning that struck Rome on the ides of March, which was when Julius Caesar was assassinated. Lightning was an event of immense superstition in the ancient world. The day of the assassination, Caligula sacrificed a flamingo. During the sacrifice, blood splattered on his clothes. Suetonius also describes a comet that was seen shortly before the assassination. In the ancient world, comets were believed to foretell the death or assassination of important people. Suetonius even suggested that Caligula's name itself was a predictor of his assassination, noting that every caesar named Gaius, such as the dictator Gaius Julius Caesar, had been assassinated (a statement which is not entirely accurate; Julius Caesar's father died from natural causes, as did Augustus).


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: Caligula was an avid fan of gladiatorial combats; he was assassinated shortly after leaving a show by a disgruntled Praetorian Guard captain, as well as several senators.


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: Claudius (full name: Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus) was the grandson of Mark Antony, brother of Germanicus, and the uncle of Caligula. He was descended from both the Julian and the Claudian clans, as was Caligula. He was about 50 years old at the time of Caligula's murder. He never held public office until late in his life, mainly due to his family's concerns as to his health and mental abilities. Suetonius has much to say about Claudius' apparent disabilities, and how the imperial family viewed them, in the "Life of Augustus".


title: The Twelve Caesars

text: The assassination of Caligula caused great terror in the palace and, according to Suetonius, Claudius, being frightened by the sounds of soldiers scouring the palace for further victims, hid behind some curtains on a balcony nearby. He was convinced that he would be murdered as well because he was within direct family of Caligula, the last emperor. A soldier checking the room noticed feet sticking out from underneath the curtains, and upon pulling back the curtains discovered a terrified Claudius. He acclaimed Claudius the new emperor and took him to the rest of the soldiers, where they carried him out of the palace on a litter. Claudius was taken to the Praetorian camp, where he was quickly proclaimed emperor by the troops.