title: Psychopathy in the workplace

text: A workplace bully or abuser will often have issues with social functioning. These types of people often have psychopathic traits that are difficult to identify in the hiring and promotion process. These individuals often lack anger management skills and have a distorted sense of reality. Consequently, when confronted with the accusation of abuse, the abuser is not aware that any harm was done. Team ethics and values prevent, detect, and correct bullying and mobbing in the workplace.


title: Yaqeen Ka Safar

text: Yaqeen Ka Safar () is a Pakistani television drama series produced by Momina Duraid through MD Productions for Hum TV. It aired from 19 April 2017 to 1 November 2017, with a total of 29 episodes. It was written by Farhat Ishtiaq, based on Ishtiaq's novel "Woh Yakeen Ka Naya Safar" and was directed by Shahzad Kashmiri.


title: Yaqeen Ka Safar

text: "Yaqeen Ka Safar" chronicles the journey of two protagonists Asfand and Zubiya, who grow after facing hardships and struggle. It was written and produced by the creators of "Humsafar", "Mata-e-Jaan Hai Tu", "Diyar-e-Dil", "Udaari" and "Bin Roye". Its ensemble cast consists of Ahad Raza Mir as Dr. Asfandyar, Sajal Aly as Dr. Zubia, Shaz Khan as Daniyal and Hira Mani as Gaiti in leading roles. It premiered in Pakistan, the UK, the US, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, and UAE with the same date and timings.


title: Yaqeen Ka Safar

text: "Yaqeen Ka Safar"'s story starts with Zubia Khalil, a young girl mourning her mother's sudden death at the hands of her physically violent father. Zubia needed to visit a friend's house to borrow important lecture notes and insisted her mother accompany her, despite her mother being forbidden by her father to leave the house with their driver. When Khalil discovered Zubia’s mother disobeyed this order, he slapped her so hard she fell and ended up hitting the corner of her bed, killing her instantly. Zubia’s aunt Mahjabeen Khala arrives and consoles the deeply devastated Zubia. Khalil threatens Zubiya's whole family in an attempt to silence them regarding the cause of their mother's death.


title: Yaqeen Ka Safar

text: The second story-line involves a family in Islamabad celebrating their son Daniyal's wedding to his cousin Gaiti Ara. Daniyal is a young lawyer who has recently graduated from London and is an extremely fearless confident brave and honest person who always stands for what’s right. Asfandyar is Daniyal's younger brother who will soon leave for Karachi to complete his medical studies after his brother's wedding. He is a lively person and quite ambitious as well. The family maintains a significant reputation in the community as Usman, Daniyal and Asfandyar's father, is a successful lawyer, too. Asfandyar is engaged to his other cousin Faryal, the only daughter of Usman's brother, Rizwan.


title: Yaqeen Ka Safar

text: The third story-line involves Noori, a naive young girl living in a rural village of Sindh (Rab Nawaz.) Tragically, Noori is kidnapped by a minister's son, Jahangir Shah, who gang-rapes her along with two of his friends. She is rescued the next day by a man who brings her to a hospital, where the doctor calls her family and informs them of the incident. A police asks Noori how this happened, and asks her quite inappropriate questions if she had an affair with that guy and if she invited the rape. Noori’s brother stands up for Noori and tells the police officer to shut up. Eventually, the family decides to remain silent because their poverty means they are unable to afford legal action against a powerful minister. While Noori's father does go to the police station to report Jahangir Shah for raping Noori, he is threatened by the police. After the incident, Noori's family is insulted in the village, so Noori decides to take revenge on Jahangir and his friends. Noori runs away from her house, she is then found by and taken to Karachi by Rumana, an NGO lady in Karachi. Rumana informs Daniyal about the Noori gang-rape incident.


title: Yaqeen Ka Safar

text: Zubia’s sister-in-law Sheema overhears Zubia talking to Rameez and starts plotting against her so that she can take her revenge from her father in law, Khalil, as he insulted her parents who agreed to get Sheema's sister married according to her liking. Zubia wanted to secretly marry Rameez so that their family is left with no choice but to accept them and their love. But when Zubia goes to his house, she finds out his true intentions as he puts a drug in Zubiya's juice so that he can easily abuse her. Zubiya senses that something is wrong and as soon as the abuse begins, she instantly runs out from his flat and Asfandyar saves her. Her family gets worried as they wait for her to come back. As Sheema knows about their plans, she shows Rehan and Khalil Zubia’s conversation with Rameez, thus succeeding in destroying Khalil's reputation. From here Zubia was greatly abused by her family and her friends broke all ties with her. Here Khalil realises that because of his sins, Allah is punishing his daughter, and wonders how he can be forgiven or help Zubia regain her respect. She repents to Allah, and says sorry to Zubia and she forgives him. Zubia’s dad moved on and forgot her mistake, however Zubia’s brother Rehan didn’t forgive her.


title: Yaqeen Ka Safar

text: Daniyal travels to Karachi, meets Noori, and decides to file a case against Jahangir Shah and his friends. Daniyal starts receiving threats and is even thrown into prison based on the false accusations that he raped his secretary, Urooj Nisar, who was secretly working for Jahangir Shah. He is bailed out the next day and his family tries to force him to close the case but he doesn't. Some days later, while Daniyal is in his office, he is shot by Jahangir Shah's people, who had also killed one of Daniyal's loyal friends who has been helping him throughout the case. These people also destroy all the proof that Daniyal had collected to present in court and typed up a note, supposedly from Daniyal himself, stating that Daniyal was too scared to deal with this case anymore and that he is leaving everyone forever. This leaves people thinking that he gave up and committed suicide. Everyone receives this news the next morning and the family is left in extreme pain. Noori's state of agony intensifies and she secretly takes a gun from the security guard. She then attends Jahangir Shah's conference and kills her rapist.


title: Yaqeen Ka Safar

text: Meanwhile, Asfandyar and Faryal's engagement ends as Faryal and her parents refuse to believe that Daniyal was innocent and did not commit suicide. After all of this, Asfandyar decides to leave for America to complete his education, while Faryal gets married to someone else and settles abroad. Gaiti gives birth to her and Daniyal's son, Saim. This event finally brings some smiles to the family members faces and they slowly start healing from the past. On the other hand, because of the bad behaviour of her father, Zubia rebels and starts dating her stalker named Rameez.


title: Yaqeen Ka Safar

text: Despite Rehan and Sheema’s arguments, Khalil gets her admitted to a medical college as it was her mother's wish that she becomes a doctor. As soon as she was about to complete her MBBS and her marriage was fixed, Khalil dies. After a few months, Sheema’s cousin from abroad came to visit her and takes interest in Zubia. In the middle of the night, he, without Zubia’s consent, enters her room and walks closer to her. Zubia yells and after Rehan and Sheema find them in the room together, the man falsely accuses Zubia of calling him to repair her laptop and asking him for sexual favours. Zubia stands up for herself and tells her brother that when it was my fault, I didn't argue one bit, but now, I will not bear these lies and unjust treatment I am given. Zubia’s brother refuses to believe her and he and Zubia’s sister in law throw Zubia of the house at night. Zubia, with no place to go went to her aunt Mahjabin's home in Peshawar who believes her. Zubia lives there for a few weeks but because her cousin’s wife’s behaviour isn’t good with her, and she thought aunt's son and daughter in law's lives are being disturbed, she leaves and joins a hostel. She gives a job interview with Asfandyar’s newly established hospital. Where she instantly feels as if she has already seen him somewhere.


title: Yaqeen Ka Safar

text: From day one, she is scolded a lot by Dr. Asfandyar and that's why she also calls him Hitler and Changez Khan. Asfandyar is now very intelligent but very arrogant. His brother's death resulted in him becoming a bitter person. Zubia and Gaiti (wife of Daniyal) become best friends after meeting in a nearby sitting area. Zubia talks to Gaiti about Asfandyar being Hitler, Zubia tells her about her boss not knowing that Asfandyar is Gaiti’s brother in law. When Zubiya learns that he is also the brother in law of Gaiti she became angry and didn't talk to Gaiti as she blames her for not telling her this and believes that now Asfandyar will think as if Dr. Zubiya is trying to impress his family to gain benefits and profit in her job. Gaiti tells Zubia that it doesn’t matter and outside of the hospital Zubia can be anyone’s family member and she can also be a part of anyone’s family. After a few days, they make up with each other. Zubia searched and found that he was the person who saved her from Rameez. Gaiti also tells her all about her family, Asfandyar and Daniyal. After some time Zubia realizes that Gaeti and Dr. Haroon (Zubia colleague) can marry as Dr. Haroon also lost his dearest wife in an accident just like Gaiti lost Daniyal. On the other hand, Asfandyar's family wants him to marry Zubia. Everyone in Asfandyar’s family loves Zubia and Asfandyar’s mom thinks of Zubia as her daughter. Everyone becomes close to Zubia in a short time because of her positive nature, Gaiti left behind her trauma of Daniyal's death and started to socialize.


title: Yaqeen Ka Safar

text: Here as Zubia is slowly improving her performance as a doctor, she and Asfandyar establish good terms with one another and soon fall in love. In the meantime, Faryal came back and she wishes to marry Asfandyar because her husband divorced her and that she regrets her ill-treatment with Asfandyar during that difficult phase. But Asfandyar did not agree to marry her and she went back to her home. Here, Urooj Nisar who was Daniyal ex-secretary and accused him of raping her, comes to the hospital with her injured son who met a car accident as he was drunk. Asfandyar identifies who she is, right in the first sight, so does she. He locks himself in his office and cries remembering his brother. He performs surgery on Urooj's son without taking a single penny from her. In extreme guilt, Urooj calls upon a press conference and confesses all her crimes and ask for forgiveness. Everyone from Zubia, to Faryal and her parents, everyone saw it on the media and Daniyal's family finally feels proud that their son lost his life in trying to protect humanity. Asfandyar and his father travel and visit Daniyal's grave and attend a seminar which is held to honour Daniyal. After he returned, he proposes to Zubiya but she rejects the proposal saying that temporary infatuation doesn't mean you can get married. She does this because she has lied a lot about her past to everyone and believes that when Asfi will end up remembering the Rameez incident, he will leave Zubia thinking that she is a characterless woman. Both are heartbroken. Rehan, on the other hand, wakes up in the middle of the night and wishes to ask forgiveness from Zubia. So he comes to the hospital to meet her. Zubia notices him and gets very tensed and thought that now everyone will find out that she lied about not having a brother, and her family. She becomes hopeless and flees from the hospital. Asfandyar locates her and finds her standing high up on the cliff, below which is a lake. Asfandyar is shocked and runs to save her but she had jumped into the lake, and thus committing suicide. Asfandyar without a second thought risks his life to save hers, he rescues her before she could drown completely. Asfandyar then brought her to the hospital while she remained unconscious. Here he finds about her, and reprimands Zubia brother for ill treating Zubia and confesses his love and adoration for her. After Zubia gains consciousness Asfandyar tells her that he doesn't care about anything but only her and wants to spend the rest of his life with her. They tearfully hug. Rehan is also forgiven by Zubia. Dr. Haroon and Gaiti happily are married too. In a voiceover Zubia mentions that in a few days it would be a whole year since she and Asfandyar have been married, and that all the hardships and challenges Allah had in store for you, he also rewards you with blessings in return. In the end, everything was worth it and happened for a reason. The show ends with the moss green SUV of Asfandyar vanishing from the sight as he and his Zubia are out on their journey with "Ek Naya Aghaaz" flashing on screen before the curtain falls.


title: Yaqeen Ka Safar

text: "Yakeen Ka Safar" was developed by Hum TV's senior producer Momina Duraid of MD Productions, the channel hired the director Shahzad Kashmiri who previously directed Bin Roye for the same channel. Along with Kashmiri, Mirza Zeeshan Baig was finalised as the art director, it was Baig's return to Hum Television after he directed "Diyar-e-Dil", "Mann Mayal", "Sanam", "Dil Banjaara" and "Alif Allah Aur Insaan" for the same channel. Tameen Nazami and Safdar Hussain Rind were the cinematographers. The story of the serial is based on award-winning writer Farhat Ishtiaq's novel "Woh Yakeen Ka Ek Naya Safar". The screenplay was also written by Ishtiaq while script composing was done by Muhammad Wasi-ul-Din who has previously worked with her with the channel's series Diyar-e-Dil and Bin Roye. Farhat has previously worked in Momina, where she wrote mega-hit drama serials in Pakistan television history Humsafar, Mata-e-Jaan Hai Tu, Diyar-e-Dil. Bin Roye and Udaari. Song composition is done by Waqar Ali and Suhail Haider while the background score is given by MAD Music, Hadiqa Kiani and Richa Sharma finalised to perform the OST. "Yaqeen Ka Safar" is the second collaboration of writer and director after 2015's hit film "Bin Roye". show approximately airs weekly episode for 35–40 minutes (minus commercials) every Wednesday.


title: Yaqeen Ka Safar

text: There were several discussions laid on its time slot, previously it was announced that the show will premier on 12 April 2017, airing an episode on Friday's replacing "Dil Banjaara". However, since "Dil-e-Jaanam" bought lower ratings to channel's Wednesday slot, "Yakeen Ka Safar" was shifted to Wednesdays and was delayed till 15 April 2017, due to promotional reasons.


title: Yaqeen Ka Safar

text: Sajal Aly, Ahad Raza Mir, Shaz Khan and Hira Salman were selected to portray the leading roles of Zubiya, Asfandyar, Daniyal and Gaeti.


title: Yaqeen Ka Safar

text: Aly made her television comeback two years after her 2015 TV series "Gul-e-Rana". After completing her Bollywood debut "Mom", the actress returned to portray the role of Dr. Zubiya and also signed "O Rangreza" for the same channel. Mir who made his television debut in "Sammi" was finalised after his success as portraying the role of Salar in "Sammi". The actor received critical acclaim and appraisal for his role as Dr. Asfandyar.


title: Yaqeen Ka Safar

text: Film actor Shaz Khan was finalised to portray the role of Daniyal during his filming session in channel's upcoming film Parwaaz Hay Junoon. While Salman returned to the network after her 2015 TV serial "Preet Na Kariyo Koi" for portraying the role of Geeti, Salman joined filming after completing her ARY project "Sun Yaara", alongside Salman her husband Mani was also cast where he portrayed the role of Dr. Haroon.


title: Yaqeen Ka Safar

text: The production house also chose actors Farhan Ali Agha, Mohammed Ehteshamuddin, and Maryam Nafees to play the roles of Usman, Noori, Khalil and Khajista.


title: Yaqeen Ka Safar

text: "Yakeen Ka Safar" premiered on 19 April 2017 and aired weekly, with a new episode being broadcast every Wednesday at 8:00pm.


title: Yaqeen Ka Safar

text: The show aired on Hum Europe in the UK, Hum TV USA in USA and Hum TV Mena in UAE, with the same times and premiere date. It was broadcast by Hum Network's new channel "Hum World HD" for US and Canada.


title: Yaqeen Ka Safar

text: It rebroadcast on Hum TV in Pakistan premiering 8 October 2018 at 10pm slot. In 2019, It also aired on national channel PTV Home started in August 2019 airing two episodes (Friday and Saturday) a week.


title: Yaqeen Ka Safar

text: "Yakeen Ka Safar" was also released on Hum TV's YouTube channel alongside its airing but later the channel deleted all its episodes. It was also released on the iflix as a part of the channel's contract, later on terminated the contract in 2019, all episodes were pulled off and thus could not be streamed digitally anymore.


title: Yaqeen Ka Safar

text: Later "Yakeen Ka Safar" was also released on OTT the platform MX Player. In July 2019, the channel re-uploaded all episodes on YouTube. A few episodes are also available on Amazone Prime Video.


title: Yaqeen Ka Safar

text: The title song of "Yakeen Ka Safar" was composed by Waqar Ali, while Naseer Tarbani penned the series.


title: Yaqeen Ka Safar

text: The background score for the series is done by Mad Music. The OST was performed by Hadiqa Kiani. It marks the return of the singer to Hum TV since performing the OST for the channel's hit drama series "Udaari" in 2016.


title: Yaqeen Ka Safar

text: The OST "Mitti kay Parindey' was composed by Syed Suhail Haider and its lyrics were written by Kashif Anwar. The OST was performed by Richa Sharma.


title: Yaqeen Ka Safar

text: The serial received critical praise especially for the storyline, cinematography and performances of the star cast.


title: Yaqeen Ka Safar

text: While praising the refreshing storyline without much romantic angle and multiple themes of the series, "Express Tribune" wrote, ""Yaqeen Ka Safar" is honest and original, and has changed the paradigm of Pakistani dramas." While reviewing positively, Buraq Shabbir of "The News" said it as more realistic than other serials aired at that time stating, "It views people as professionals while tapping into their personal lives as well, making it more relatable". "DAWN Images" praised the Mir's complex and naunced portrayal of Dr. Asfandyar.


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: Donkey Kong Country Returns is a 2010 side-scrolling platform game developed by Retro Studios and published by Nintendo for the Wii console. The game was released first in North America in November 2010, and in PAL regions and Japan the following month. The game's story focuses on an evil group of Tiki-like creatures known as the Tiki Tak Tribe that are unleashed on Donkey Kong Island and hypnotize the island's animals to stealing Donkey Kong and Diddy Kong's banana hoard, prompting the two to traverse the island to reclaim it.


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: "Donkey Kong Country Returns" was the first installment of the "Donkey Kong Country" series to not involve the original series developer Rare. The game was a critical and commercial success; it has sold over 6.53 million copies worldwide, making it one of the best-selling titles on the Wii and received positive reviews for its graphics, level design, and gameplay, although its motion controls and high difficulty received more mixed responses.


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: A Nintendo 3DS port developed by Monster Games, titled Donkey Kong Country Returns 3D, was released in North America and PAL regions in May 2013 and in Japan the following month. A sequel, "", was released for the Wii U in February 2014 and ported for the Nintendo Switch in May 2018.


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: Players take control of the series's protagonist Donkey Kong, as well as his friend Diddy Kong in certain situations, with many traditional elements of the "Donkey Kong Country" series returning, including mine cart levels, the ability to swing between vines and collect bananas, the golden "KONG" letters and puzzle pieces. New gameplay elements include levels in which the characters and foreground environments appear as silhouettes, spawning several new gameplay mechanics. In single-player mode, players can only play as Donkey Kong, although Diddy Kong rides on Donkey Kong's back, and Donkey Kong can use Diddy's jetpack to jump further. Multiplayer mode enables a second player to control Diddy Kong. If a player's character dies in two-player mode, it can be brought back by using the other character to hit a "DK Barrel" that floats into view, a mechanic similar to the one used in "New Super Mario Bros. Wii". To avoid problems arising from differences in the players' skills, Diddy can hop on Donkey's back to take on a more passive role, while his jetpack can be used to make his partner's jumps easier. Both Donkey and Diddy can pound the ground to defeat enemies and unveil secret items.


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: The game has two control schemes, with the standard system using the Wii Remote in conjunction with the Nunchuk, while a more classical approach requires that the Wii Remote be held sideways. Both methods use motion controls for the "Ground Pound" move. In addition to common series elements like secrets and unlockables, there is also an optional time attack mode. Two animal buddies, Rambi and Squawks, appear and assist Donkey Kong at certain points in the game. The game also utilises the "Super Guide" feature that previously appeared in "New Super Mario Bros. Wii" and "Super Mario Galaxy 2". If the player loses eight lives in a single level, they will be given the option to allow a white-colored Donkey Kong named Super Kong to take over and complete the level for them. However, Super Kong will not look for collectible items, nor will he show the player where they are. He also keeps anything he happens to collect, so the player is not rewarded for these items.


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: After beating Tiki Tong, an additional stage called "The Golden Temple" is unlocked. In order to play the stage, the player has to find objects called "Rare orbs" hidden in each world's temple. Upon competing the Golden Temple, a new mode is unlocked known as the Mirror Mode. In this mode, the stages are flipped, Donkey Kong only has one unit of health, he cannot use items bought from Cranky Kong, and he cannot get any help from Diddy Kong.


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: The game's story revolves around creatures known as Tikis, which are new to the series. The different types of Tikis fill the role of the antagonists in the story, replacing the Kremlings from "Donkey Kong Country". Cranky Kong, who owns shops throughout the island, is the only Kong family member that appears other than Donkey and Diddy. The story begins when a group of evil Tikis known as the Tiki Tak Tribe arrive on Donkey Kong Island after being awoken by a volcanic eruption, and play music to hypnotize the animals, mostly elephants, zebras, giraffes, and squirrels on the island into stealing Donkey Kong and Diddy Kong's bananas. Since Donkey Kong is resistant to the Tikis' music, he works with Diddy Kong to retrieve their hoard of bananas from the Tikis. Throughout the game, the pair travel through nine worlds to recover their stolen bananas: the Golden Temple, the Volcano, the Factory, the Cliff, the Forest, the Cave, the Ruins, the Beach, and the Jungle. In each world, they must defeat a Tiki Tak Tribe leader: Kalimba, the Maraca Gang, Gong-Oh, Banjo Bottom, Wacky Pipes, Xylobone, Cordian (who hypnotizes other inhabitants on the island to fight the Kongs), and Tiki Tong, the king of the Tiki Tak Tribe. After Tiki Tong is defeated, the Kongs are launched into space where they punch and headbutt down on the Moon, crushing Tiki Tong's base and sending bananas flying everywhere.


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: The idea for "Donkey Kong Country Returns" originated at Retro Studios following the completion of "" in 2004, when Retro president and CEO Michael Kelbaugh told Nintendo producer Kensuke Tanabe that Retro was interested in developing a "Donkey Kong" game. Kelbaugh had worked as a tester on the "Donkey Kong Country" series for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES), which had been on a hiatus following "" (1996). Its developer, the British studio Rare, was acquired by Nintendo's competitor Microsoft in 2002. Retro was directed to develop "" (2007) instead, Tanabe noting that Nintendo depended on Retro to make games that could not be developed in Japan.


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: After the completion of "Corruption", Retro began experimenting for potential projects, but in April 2008, three core staff—design director Mark Pacini, art director Todd Keller, and principal technology engineer Jack Matthews—left, and those experiments had to be discarded. Despite the hardship of staff departures, Kynan Pearson, a senior designer, said it provided an opportunity "to introduce new ways of thinking and operating". Tanabe was unsure what Retro's next project would be until "Donkey Kong" creator Shigeru Miyamoto, "totally by chance", expressed interest in a "Donkey Kong Country" revival. Miyamoto said that Nintendo had been receiving requests from the North American audience for a new "Donkey Kong Country", and Tanabe suggested that Retro would be a suitable developer for such a project.


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: Retro staff flew to Nintendo's headquarters in Kyoto to meet with Miyamoto and Nintendo president Satoru Iwata, where they determined "Returns" direction. Miyamoto told Retro, "Donkey Kong is my baby and you better get it right!" Iwata was confident in Retro's ability to develop the game, given that many staff were avid fans of the original "Donkey Kong Country". He felt they dispelled any concerns that it was possible for a studio besides Rare to continue "Donkey Kong Country". Iwata referred to the set of circumstances that led to Retro taking on "Returns" as "goen" ("fate"), so Retro chose "F8" as the project's codename. Retro was excited to work on a series different from "Metroid"; senior designer Mike Wikan noted that "Donkey Kong" light tone was a contrast from "Metroid" somber one. Iwata said their passion for "Donkey Kong Country" "generated an energy that was poured into ["Returns"]".


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: When development began, Tanabe and assistant producer Risa Tabata discussed how they could distinguish "Returns" from the previous "Donkey Kong" game, "Donkey Kong Jungle Beat" (2004). Tanabe said that Miyamoto taught him to "think about what we can do that's new and hasn't appeared before or about what kind of inventive game mechanics we can include". Similar to the role he played during the development of "Donkey Kong Country" and "Jungle Beat", Miyamoto supervised Retro and reviewed "Returns" content throughout development. He wanted Retro to keep "Donkey Kong Country" unique visuals and feel in mind, and emphasized elements he felt should be retained from prior games. He also mandated which characters could return.


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: "Returns" was designed for "Donkey Kong Country" fans, and the team spent the first week of development playing the SNES games to gather inspiration. Retro sought to carry memorable elements—such as side-scrolling gameplay, barrel cannons, and minecart sequences—while refining them to create a new experience, and continue the series' broad appeal and accessibility. Wikan and fellow senior designer Tom Ivey felt a lot of responsibility because they did not want to disappoint fans. Since Tabata had never played "Donkey Kong Country", she saw herself as the one who conceived new ideas.


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: Unlike Rare's games, which allowed players to swap between the two Kongs at will, Retro designed Donkey and Diddy as a combined character. The staff worked with Miyamoto for hours to perfect Donkey Kong's movement and referred to him as "Yoda" for his input. Miyamoto suggested the blowing mechanic after playing a prototype and noticing that one of Diddy Kong's animations resembled blowing. The team was initially baffled by the suggestion, but found it added interactivity and whimsy. Because Miyamoto wanted players to move similarly to Donkey Kong when he slaps the terrain, Retro designed the game around the Wii Remote and Nunchuk. Retro introduced the option to play without the Nunchuk following the release of "New Super Mario Bros. Wii", which allowed players to hold the Wii Remote horizontally like a Nintendo Entertainment System controller.


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: To track which levels were completed and which needed work, Retro staff used a whiteboard to record their progress. Pearson, who oversaw this system, said it "flowed well in that when a good idea came out, it served as motivation for coming up with an idea that was even more fun". Team members competed and asked each other for input, with Ivey noting everyone sought to surprise their coworkers. Ivey felt the team "did a good job recreating the thrilling elements in the earlier "Donkey Kong Country" games". Retro wanted every level to contain a memorable set piece, and the team felt they were able to incorporate more ideas than they were in the "Metroid Prime" series. They introduced surface-clinging to expand gameplay to walls and ceilings, and chose not to include underwater levels because they did not fit the pace.


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: Kelbaugh decided that "Returns" needed to be difficult to appease "Donkey Kong Country" fans since Retro's goal was "to pay homage to and make a better ["Donkey Kong Country"]", but still be fair enough for inexperienced players. Pearson and Wikan wanted it to challenge players in a way that would encourage them to learn from their mistakes and keep trying. They introduced Diddy's jetpack and pop gun to ease the difficulty for inexperienced players and distinguish him from previous games. Retro was aware that the difficulty would be tough for some players to manage, so the team integrated the Super Guide system from "New Super Mario Bros. Wii". Kelbaugh knew the "Metroid Prime" and "Donkey Kong Country" series were popular among speedrunners and hardcore gamers, and the time trial mode was added late in development to appeal to them.


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: Tanabe felt that simultaneous multiplayer was one way "Returns" should differ from "Jungle Beat", since previous "Donkey Kong" games only let players take turns. Miyamoto advised Tanabe to only focus on single-player gameplay before considering multiplayer, but Tanabe still told Retro to incorporate multiplayer early in development. To distinguish "Returns" multiplayer from "New Super Mario Bros. Wii" and allow skilled gamers to play swiftly, Retro removed the collision detection between Donkey and Diddy. Retro refrained from lowering the difficulty for multiplayer, though the team did discuss making it easier to obtain lives and allowed Diddy to ride Donkey's back if one player was having trouble.


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: Retro wanted "Returns" to look "fun and whimsical" and discarded many initial designs for being too similar to "Metroid" darker aesthetic. Impactful visuals were a primary focus since the original "Donkey Kong Country" was famous for its graphics, though Kelbaugh and director Bryan Walker said developing the silhouette levels "taught us not to rely so much on graphics". Retro retained the previous "Donkey Kong Country" games' art style, but developed environments using polygons rather than the pre-rendering technique that Rare used to create the SNES trilogy. Tanabe noted that unlike the SNES games, which featured static backgrounds due to technical limitations, Retro could incorporate real time animation into "Returns" and allow characters and backgrounds to interact. Retro drew inspiration from "Virtual Boy Wario Land" (1995), which allows the player to jump between the background and the foreground.


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: Unlike most Western game developers, Retro spent a considerable amount of time developing prototypes. For "Metroid Prime", Retro based the development on its design documents, but learned from Tanabe that it was more efficient to develop prototypes first and create design documents after the gameplay had been polished. "Returns" was developed using the "Metroid Prime" game engine, but required far more detail in polygons and textures. The team noted that while audiences often perceive side-scrolling games as simple and archaic, they are actually quite difficult to develop due to the amount of care that goes into each level. They tried to adapt the "Prime" games' Morph Ball virtual camera system to create the side-scrolling effect. However, the player character's movements were too fast and complicated for it, so a new camera system had to be developed.


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: Retro updated approximately two-thirds of its technology for "Returns", including its renderers, animation tools, and collision detection systems. Kelbaugh and Walker estimated that every level required around three times the amount of detail that "Metroid Prime 3: Corruption" did, so the team had to "really ramp up our technology to support that". It took around six months to shift from the "Prime" development environment, and Kelbaugh and Walker said that the artists had to be retrained to design a "Donkey Kong" game. The player character has over 2,000 animations in single-player and 6,000 in multiplayer, far greater than Samus Aran's in the "Metroid Prime" games, and Retro drew inspiration from "Jungle Beat" to develop Donkey Kong's movements. To incorporate Super Guide, the programmers rewrote the engine to remove possible randomness arising from button inputs. Retro used Super Guide to playtest and find bugs.


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: Kenji Yamamoto, who worked with Retro on the "Metroid Prime" series, composed most of "Donkey Kong Country Returns" soundtrack, alongside Minako Hamano, Masaru Tajima, Shinji Ushiroda, and Daisuke Matsuoka. The soundtrack mostly comprises rearrangements of tracks from the original "Donkey Kong Country", composed by David Wise and Eveline Novakovic. This was at the request of Miyamoto and Iwata, who did not want Retro to change the music. Iwata considered the soundtrack a large part of "Donkey Kong Country" appeal and told Tanabe to handle it with care during the first "Returns" meeting. Alongside rearrangements, Yamamoto composed new material to fit "Returns" atmosphere. Due to the constant tweaking of the levels, he sometimes had to recompose his tracks.


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: Retro wanted Yamamoto to blend the classic "Donkey Kong Country" tracks with modern sound. He did not use a full orchestra, but focused on what Tanabe felt made "Donkey Kong Country" music iconic, such as piano arrangements and the bassline. Because Rare was uninvolved, Wise, "Donkey Kong Country" original composer, was unable to contribute. Wise left Rare in 2009 because he disagreed with the company's direction under Microsoft and got in contact with Kelbaugh. In 2019, Wise said that it was too late for him to contribute to "Returns" by the time he connected with Kelbaugh, but they stayed in contact in case Retro decided to develop a sequel. Wise felt Yamamoto "did a wonderful job" rearranging his past work, though he said he would have relied more on new compositions than past material.


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: The development did not begin smoothly; Tanabe described early development as "floundering around" and said that the team often disagreed as to what would be fun. One difficulty was making a game that reflected Nintendo's values. Designing the bosses proved particularly challenging, with Tanabe and Wikan singling out one, Mangoruby, as a "bitter struggle". A few months before E3 2010, Retro added more programmers to the boss group, which greatly accelerated development. The amount of effort it took to create the level playable for the E3 game demo made the team concerned that "Returns" would not be ready for its deadline, and the team still had to complete around 70 levels after E3.


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: E3 2010 proved to be a turning point for the development; Iwata observed that "the game rapidly bloomed once [Retro] entered the final stretch", with more ideas and elements introduced. Pearson attributed the turnaround to correspondence between Nintendo and Retro: "We had come to share a certain philosophy with regards to how to make the game's levels and had achieved a common understanding of what makes a level fun. We learned the tempo necessary for a fun level and the kinds of elements to put in". Towards the end of development, Tanabe had to take a week off due to lower back pain. Tabata filled in for him and stayed to help during the final stages. Tanabe said she was responsible for "the most demanding requests for changes". The team worked overnight during the final stages.


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: Following Microsoft's acquisition of Rare, the "Donkey Kong" franchise's prominence faded. With no studio to develop major "Donkey Kong" platform games, Donkey Kong became relegated to spin-offs—such as the "Donkey Konga" and "Mario vs. Donkey Kong" series—and guest appearances in other Nintendo franchises. "Jungle Beat", the only major "Donkey Kong" game since Rare's "Donkey Kong 64" (1999), was a commercial disappointment despite positive reviews. "Hardcore Gaming 101" wrote that "Jungle Beat" was seen as "merely an aside to the "Donkey Kong" platforming saga. Seething underneath the surface of every gamer who cut their teeth on 16-bit platformers was a longing for a return to form for the wayward gorilla and his adventures... "Donkey Kong Country" was a brand that had a growing sense of latent desire associated with it".


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: "Donkey Kong Country Returns" was kept a secret for much of its development. In August 2009, "IGN" reported that Retro was known to be working on a new Wii game but was going great lengths to conceal its identity, including restricting access to parts of its headquarters. When "IGN" interviewer Matt Casamassina visited Retro to discuss "" (2009), he was required to sign a non-disclosure agreement stipulating that if he managed to learn what the new project was, he would be unable to discuss it. Reports that the project was "Donkey Kong"-related surfaced shortly before Nintendo's E3 conference in June 2010.


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: Nintendo of America president Reggie Fils-Aimé announced "Donkey Kong Country Returns" during his keynote address at E3 on June 15, 2010, when he introduced a trailer showcasing various levels and set pieces. Video game journalists considered Nintendo's showing its strongest in years and singled out "Returns" as one of the most significant announcements. They characterized the announcement as a surprise; a new "Country" game had been considered unlikely following Microsoft's acquisition of Rare. "GameSpot" said that the trailer sparked cheers from the crowd, with "Hardcore Gaming 101" writing that Nintendo's use of the "Country" branding promised fans a return to form for the franchise.


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: Alongside "Kirby's Epic Yarn", "", and "Wii Party", Nintendo positioned "Returns" to rejuvenate Wii sales in response to rising PlayStation 3 sales. It promoted the game with a series of trailers, which journalists said showcased a hardcore difficulty. One advertisement featured British comedians Ant & Dec searching for bananas in the jungle. Nintendo of America partnered with the produce distributor Chiquita to label its bananas with "Donkey Kong" stickers and host a contest in which customers could submit pictures of themselves dancing. Participants could win one of 31 prizes, including a Wii, a copy of "Returns", and a trip to the Chichen Itza ruins in Cancún. Customers who preordered "Returns" through GameStop received a banana-shaped Wii Remote pouch.


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: On December 1, Nintendo Australia piled a five-meter (16.4 feet) stash of around 10,000 bananas, weighing two tons, at the Circular Quay in Sydney. Visitors could play "Returns" on an inflatable movie screen and take bananas from the stash; leftover bananas were donated to the food rescue charity OzHarvest. In the UK, Nintendo partnered with the video game retailer GAME for a promotion in which customers were asked to bring bunches of bananas to participating stores on December 3. The first 20 customers could exchange their bananas for a free copy of "Returns". For another launch event, Nintendo hosted Japanese competitive eater Takeru Kobayashi, who ate 16 bananas in a minute.


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: "Donkey Kong Country Returns" was released in North America on November 21, 2010—the 16th anniversary of "Donkey Kong Country" release—in Europe on December 3, and in Japan on December 9. The game sold strongly: in its opening week in Japan, it sold 163,310 copies—56.63% of its initial shipment of 288,380 copies—and over 970,000 copies by December 2012. In North America, it debuted in sixth place on the NPD Group's sales charts, with sales of 430,470. Worldwide sales reached 4.21 million in less than a month.


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: A Nintendo 3DS port, titled Donkey Kong Country Returns 3D, was released on May 24, 2013. The game was rebuilt from the ground up by Monster Games and is rendered with stereoscopic 3D graphics. The 3DS version includes two game modes, "Original Mode" which plays the same as the original Wii version, and "New Mode" which introduces a handful of new items to make the game easier, including extra health. This version also includes an extra world with eight new levels which are not present in the original Wii version.


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: A Wii version of "Donkey Kong Country Returns" and other Wii games were released for download on Wii U via Nintendo eShop. "Donkey Kong Country Returns" was made available on Nintendo eShop on January 21, 2015, in Japan, January 22 in Europe, and January 23 in Australia and New Zealand. Between March 31 and June 30, 2016, inclusively, the digital re-release of "Donkey Kong Country Returns" was made available for North American Wii U users exclusively as a My Nintendo reward. The title has since been made commercially available on the North American Nintendo eShop starting September 22 the same year.


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: "Donkey Kong Country Returns" was released on Nvidia Shield for the Chinese market on July 4, 2019. The Nvidia Shield version of the game is in HD unlike the original Wii version.


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: "Donkey Kong Country Returns" received generally favorable reviews. For its awards for games released in 2010, "IGN" gave "Returns" awards for "Best Retro Design" and "Most Challenging", then selected the game as the 5th best on the console. "Game Informer" named it Game of the Month for December 2010, with reviewer Dan Ryckert hailing it as "one of the best platformers [they'd] ever played". The publication later picked it as the "Best Platformer" and "Best Wii Exclusive" of 2010.


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: Critics lauded its graphics, level design, and fast-paced platforming and gameplay, which they saw as a return to form for the "Donkey Kong Country" games. However, its motion controls and difficulty curve received a variety of opinions. IGN's Craig Harris awarded the game an Editor's Choice award, calling it a challenging, old-school throwback to the original "Country" games. Video game talk show "Good Game"s two presenters gave the game a 9 and 8.5 out of 10, praising how true the music kept to the style of the original tracks, and that it managed to keep from becoming too complex while still avoiding being over-simplified. "X-Play" praised the similarity of "Returns" to the previous games in the series, the game's replay value, and its graphics, but the review criticized the motion controls and the co-op game play. "GamesRadar" complimented the title for its standout levels and fan service, while criticizing it the levels for being frustrating, unclear and often misleading, and motion controls that make them "question the controls in a platformer". "GameTrailers" praised the game's gameplay and the diversity of the levels, while "Giant Bomb" stated that "Retro recaptures most of Donkey Kong's venerated platforming roots in this fine Wii sequel".


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: The game debuted third on the Japanese video game charts, with 163,310 units sold, and it has sold 638,305 copies in Japan as of January 2, 2011. In North America, the game debuted at sixth place on the charts, with 430,470 units sold. By the end of March 2011, the game had sold 4.98 million copies worldwide.


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: As September 2013, the 3DS version has sold 268,000 units in the United States. As of March 2014, "Donkey Kong Country Returns 3D" has worldwide sales of 1.52 million units.


title: Donkey Kong Country Returns

text: Both versions of this game, along with , were added to the Nintendo Selects label on March 11, 2016, in North America.


title: Centennial College

text: Centennial College of Applied Arts and Technology is a diploma- and degree-granting college in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is the oldest publicly funded college in Ontario. Its campuses are situated on the east side of the city, particularly in Scarborough, with an aerospace centre at Downsview Park in North York.


title: Centennial College

text: Centennial College has been recognized as a culturally diverse post-secondary institution, almost 100 ethno-cultural groups are represented and 80 languages are spoken on campus. In 2016, it was ranked as one of Canada's Top 10 Research Colleges. Its main research facilities are its Wearable, Interactive and Mobile Technologies Access Centre in Healthcare (WIMTACH]), established in 2015 through a $1.75 million federal grant and its aerospace innovation hub, under construction at the former de Havilland plant in west-end Toronto.


title: Centennial College

text: Centennial offers more than 260 programs, including bachelor's degrees, diplomas, certificates, post-graduate certificates and apprenticeship programs, across many fields of study.


title: Centennial College

text: Founded in 1966, the college offers programs in business, communication arts, community and consumer services, applied computing, engineering technology, health sciences, animation, music, theatre, film and design. Centennial College supports enrolments of 22,000 full-time students and 19,000 part-time students.


title: Centennial College

text: Centennial College was the first community college to be opened in Ontario during the formation of the province's public college system in the 1960s. Ontario Colleges of Applied Arts and Technology was established on May 21, 1965, under the direction of the Hon. William Davis, Minister of Education. The system has grown to encompass 24 public colleges serving 200 communities in the province.


title: Centennial College

text: As Centennial College's first site, Warden Woods Campus opened on October 17, 1966, with 514 students enrolled in 16 career-oriented programs, including journalism, secretarial science, and early childhood education. The campus used a decommissioned federal building that had been renovated to serve as a teaching institution. It evolved over the years to include the health/nutrition, hospitality, child studies, and community services programs. In 1973, the Ontario government transferred responsibility for nursing education from the province's hospitals to its colleges. Locally, the Scarborough Regional and the Toronto East General schools of nursing joined Centennial College to form the School of Health Sciences, based at Warden Woods Campus.


title: Centennial College

text: In 1992 the Scarborough Board of Education and the college established an adult education centre, the Scarborough Career Planning Centre, at the Centennial College. In 1994 the entities agreed to establish the centre there beginning in the fall of that year.


title: Centennial College

text: Centennial College grew rapidly, necessitating the establishment of additional campuses in the east end of Toronto to accommodate new programs and students. Warden Woods Campus closed in autumn of 2004 and was demolished to make way for a housing development. Most programs were relocated to the Centennial Science and Technology Centre (now Morningside Campus), which began operations the same year.


title: Centennial College

text: Located in Scarborough, Morningside Campus (previously Centennial College Science Technology Centre) opened in the summer of 2004 to house joint programs with the nearby University of Toronto Scarborough. The campus operates health science and environmental science programs, architectural technology, biotechnology, personal support worker, paramedics, pharmacy technology, environmental technology, massage therapy and others.


title: Centennial College

text: Progress Campus in Scarborough is Centennial's largest campus. The programs offered there (located at 941 Progress Avenue, near Markham Road and Highway 401), are in computer science and technology, business, and hospitality and culinary arts. Students in the latter often work as hospitality staff/chefs in the student restaurant, The Local, or in the Student Centre kitchen run by the CCSAI. Progress Campus is the site of a Library and Academic Facility, as well as an expanded Athletic and Wellness Centre, both of which opened in September 2011.


title: Centennial College

text: It's also home to the Centennial Event Centre, a multi-use venue for special events, corporate meetings and social functions. It is located on the top floor of the new Centennial student residence, which opened in August 2016, and replaced an older facility. The "A Block" (located on 939 Progress Avenue) of the campus was built in 1994 by the Scarborough Board of Education to house the students from Scarborough Centre for Alternative Studies adult secondary school.


title: Centennial College

text: Located at 75 Ashtonbee Road in Scarborough, this campus houses the automotive services technician, career and college transition, motive power technician, auto body repair technician, general arts and science, and other programs. Ashtonbee Campus is regarded as one of the largest transportation technology training centres in North America.


title: Centennial College

text: In 2017, Ashtonbee Campus' library renovation project was one of 10 winners in the 2017 Ontario Association of Architects Awards Design Excellence division.


title: Centennial College

text: Located near the Danforth at 951 Carlaw Avenue in East York, this campus opened in 1996 to house Centennial's award-winning School of Communications, Media, Arts and Design, a "premiere media and visual arts learning centre" in the region according to the East York Foundation. Taught here are most of the creative communication programs such as advertising and public relations, as well as professionally oriented programs in the arts, such as digital animation and game design. The School of Communications, Media, Arts and Design also offers four programs in performance, which include Theatre Arts and Performance, Music Industry Arts and Performance, Dance Performance and Performing Arts Fundamentals. The performance programs are housed in leased space at the Daniels Spectrum in downtown Toronto.


title: Centennial College

text: The building housing the Story Arts Centre was built to house the Toronto Teachers' College in 1955 and television buffs may know it as the location of the Canadian TV teen drama "Degrassi High" in the early 1990s. Since the closure of Toronto's francophone Collège des Grands-Lacs in 2002, Collège Boréal, a francophone college based primarily in Sudbury, also offered some French-language college programs at this facility until moving to its own new campus at One Yonge Street in 2012.


title: Centennial College

text: In November 2016, work on the $72 million Downsview Park Aerospace Campus officially got underway with a groundbreaking ceremony attended by Ontario Premier Kathleen Wynne and federal Hon. Minister of Science Kirsty Duncan. With joint funding from the provincial and the federal government, the aerospace campus is being built on the site of the former de Havilland Aircraft Company Ltd. assembly plant in Downsview Park, Toronto. Centennial College is a partner in the Downsview aerospace consortium, DAIR, along with the University of Toronto, York University, Ryerson University, and eight companies including Pratt and Whitney Canada, FlightSafety, Canadensys, UTC Aerospace, MDA, Safran Landing Systems, Honeywell and Bombardier Aerospace.


title: Centennial College

text: In May 2017, Centennial College received $2.3 million in funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) to research electric landing gear for energy-efficient aircraft.


title: Centennial College

text: In 2016, Suzhou Centennial College (SCC) officially launched. It is the first Canadian college approved by the Chinese government to deliver Canadian education in China. Suzhou Centennial College offers 18 programs, including four Centennial programs providing Canadian credentials in accounting, finance, software engineering and business foundations.


title: Centennial College

text: Warden Woods Campus located at 651 Warden Avenue was formerly Canadian Arsenals Limited plant acquired in 1964. It closed in 2004 with site mostly demolished in 2005 and now a residential development. The historic Bell Estate c. 1830 has been preserved.


title: Centennial College

text: Responding to a critical shortage of affordable rental accommodations in Toronto at the time, Centennial College purchased the Howard Johnson Plaza Hotel Toronto East in June 2001 across the street from the Progress Campus and converted the hotel building into a college residence in time for the fall semester. The amenities and level of finish in the hotel building were considerably higher than that of many purpose-built college residences. Amenities included an indoor pool, glass elevator, four-storey atrium and warmly decorated rooms. The Centennial College Residence and Conference Centre was originally configured to accommodate 380 student residents, based on two students sharing a room, though later configurations allowed the creation of some single-occupancy rooms.


title: Centennial College

text: Rapid enrolment growth, fuelled by international students, compelled the college to examine building a new residence on the Progress Campus property. The resulting eight-storey quadrangle building was designed to house 740 students in two- and four-bed suites, complete with a bathroom and kitchen in every suite, with all residents having their own private bedroom. The new building is a hybrid: the ground floor is dedicated to Centennial's School of Hospitality, Tourism and Culinary Arts, complete with seven kitchen labs, eight classrooms and a restaurant and cafe (The Local) open to the public. The conference and events centre located on the top floor can accommodate up to 450 guests. Construction broke ground in October 2014 and the residence began occupancy in August 2016. Knightstone Capital Management provided the planning, financing and management of the project; other key partners include Diamond Schmitt Architects, Canadian Campus Communities and FRAM Building Group.


title: Centennial College

text: Centennial College offers full-time programs in more than 100 fields of study. These programs emphasize experiential learning with laboratory instruction, paid co-operative education opportunities, and industry and agency field placements. All Centennial programs are developed and kept current with the assistance of program advisory committees (PACs), made up of academic advisors and employer representatives. Their participation ensures the education and skills students receive at Centennial are up-to-date and relevant to the industry they are preparing to enter.


title: Centennial College

text: Centennial offers a variety of innovative degree programs. Five joint-degree programs in paramedicine, journalism, new media studies, environmental science & technology and applied microbiology are taught in conjunction with the University of Toronto Scarborough, and the Bachelor of Science Nursing program is delivered jointly with Ryerson University. Centennial was among the first colleges in Ontario to receive approval for applied-degree programs in computer and communication networking, and software systems: design, development and management.


title: Centennial College

text: In July 2010, the students in the School of Hospitality, Tourism and Tourism participated and partnered for the very first time with North America's Largest Cultural Festival – "Scotiabank Caribana" (now formally called Scotiabank Caribbean Carnival Toronto (SBCCT)- Festival Management Committee and Tribal Knights with Dexter Senshuai created a Queen costume worn by Salome Odney a hospitality student under the theme "Tropical Amazon" which was presented at the Annual King and Queen Competition and then at the Annual Parade. This marked the 1st time an Ontario College took part in the festival which was a huge success in made local headlines and several pictures have surfaced. The student wearing the costume was interviewed by CP24 and various other television stations and media affiliates.


title: Centennial College

text: In July 2011, the students made a return to the Scotiabank Caribbean Carnival Festival and participated in highly King and Queen show under a new theme "LEGENDS" Our section that was chosen between the committee and Tribal Knights would fit the multicultural diversity of international Students from china and Japanese "Legends of Orient" This year would be a little different where it was opened up to the rest of the college staff, faculty, administration to participate with the Centennial College Student Association CCSAI. This year costume was worn by Annakay McCalla who wore the costume for the first time the Centennial College – School of Hospitality, Tourism and Culture to enter the competition at the Grand Parade and it will be judged with the mas band Tribal nights and made history that our costume was judged and received 4th place with Tribal Knights. The costume was interviewed by Rogers Cable, Global TV, Sway Magazine, CTV, WOW TV and others. There was large media coverage of the college participation this year by CTV/ CP24 on Parade Day on July 30 there were several pictures taken which are on Facebook, YouTube, Flicker,


title: Centennial College

text: In May 2012 – As a part of the partnership with Festival Management Committee management of Scotiabank Caribbean Carnival Toronto (SCCT) involved for the very 1st time took Centennial College students as part of their Internship/Co-OP from the hospitality, tourism and Culture program – Post Grad Festival Management Program students such as Fabia Morgan (Assistant Gala Coordinator/ Administrative Assistant), plus the Business Administration program Shemmie Bayne "(Administrative Assistant to Festival Administrator)" and from Festival and Events Management Class/Hotel and Resort Management Program, Steven McKinnon (Office Assistant & Marketplace Coordinator)


title: Centennial College

text: In April 2017, Centennial College's "Paint the Town Green" celebration won the "Best Event Produced for a Corporation by an In-house Team" award at the Canadian Event Industry Awards Gala, held in Vaughan, Ontario. Thousands of volunteers went to 11 major cities of Toronto and planted trees, spread mulch, and removed trash from waterways and nature trails.


title: Sam Strike

text: Strike was born in Southend-on-Sea, Essex. He starred in two revival series of CBBC's "M.I. High" as Dan Morgan from 2013–2014. In 2014, Strike guest starred in episode two of comedy series "Give Out Girls" as 15-year-old named Luke, whom Marilyn dates. Strike was voted the 11th hottest lad of 2014 in a fan vote ran by sugarscape.com.


title: Sam Strike

text: In 2013, Strike was cast in his most famous role to date playing Johnny Carter in the BBC soap opera "EastEnders". Strike's character was introduced as part of the Carter family. He is the son of Mick Carter (Danny Dyer) and Linda Carter (Kellie Bright). He made his first appearance on 26 December 2013.


title: Sam Strike

text: His portrayal of Johnny was met with critical praise, specifically the scenes where Johnny came out to his father. Both Strike's and Dyer's sensitive performances during this scene were praised. On this particular scene, Strike said, "With that scene where Johnny comes out to Mick, I was really nervous the night it aired, because you want it to look convincing but then you want to do justice by the people that have been there and done it. It was a real proving ground for me, because it was the first time I actually had to do any proper drama acting." In an online video on the official website, Strike said, "I've had letters and Danny's had letters saying that we'd helped people to come out, and it makes things worth it."


title: Sam Strike

text: On 14 November 2014, Strike announced that he would be leaving "EastEnders" and that he had already filmed his final scenes. His character departed on 23 December 2014 but made a special appearance on 25 December episode.


title: Sam Strike

text: After Strike's departure, "EastEnders"' executive producer Dominic Treadwell-Collins said that he has no plans to recast the character of Johnny and that the "door is wide open" for Strike to return. He also added that he would "hope that Sam would come back". However, in February 2016 it was announced that the character would be recast to a new actor, with Ted Reilly taking over the role in April.


title: Sam Strike

text: Strike starred in "The Texas Chain Saw Massacre" prequel "Leatherface", alongside Stephen Dorff. The film revolves around a teenage Leatherface, who escapes from a mental hospital with three other inmates. It was written by Seth M. Sherwood and directed by Julien Maury and Alexandre Bustillo. Filming began 18 May 2015 in Bulgaria and ended on 19 June 2015. He also starred in "Silent Witness" in January 2016, and began filming for the "Monster Party Movie" in 2017. Strike found success on US television almost immediately, having guest roles in popular series "Timeless" and "Mindhunter". He played the telepath Thale in the science fiction Netflix series "Nightflyers , Misha" in Chernobyl (miniseries) "for HBO" and "Ryan Dougherty" in the true crime movie "The Dougherty Gang" alongside "Emory Cohen and India Eisley" . In 2019 he was cast in the lead role of Roland Deschain in The Dark Tower (series) for Amazon Studios , a pilot was shot but the show was not picked up to series . In the same year Strike starred opposite Sophie Thatcher and Chosen Jacobs in the Quibi coming of age series When the Streetlights Go On as the motorcycle riding town outcast 'Casper Tatum' . It was announced in 2022 that Strike had been cast in a starring role in the film adaption of The Boys in the Boat from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer directed by George Clooney . Strike also appeared as 'Todd' in Netflix The Sandman (TV series).


title: Freshwater fish

text: Freshwater fish are those that spend some or all of their lives in fresh water, such as rivers and lakes, with a salinity of less than 1.05%. These environments differ from marine conditions in many ways, especially the difference in levels of salinity. To survive fresh water, the fish need a range of physiological adaptations.


title: Freshwater fish

text: 41.24% of all known species of fish are found in fresh water. This is primarily due to the rapid speciation that the scattered habitats make possible. When dealing with ponds and lakes, one might use the same basic models of speciation as when studying island biogeography.


title: Freshwater fish

text: Freshwater fish differ physiologically from salt water fish in several respects. Their gills must be able to diffuse dissolved gases while keeping the salts in the body fluids inside. Their scales reduce water diffusion through the skin: freshwater fish that have lost too many scales will die. They also have well developed kidneys to reclaim salts from body fluids before excretion.


title: Freshwater fish

text: Many species of fish do reproduce in freshwater, but spend most of their adult lives in the sea. These are known as anadromous fish, and include, for instance, salmon, trout, sea lamprey and three-spined stickleback. Some other kinds of fish are, on the contrary, born in salt water, but live most of or parts of their adult lives in fresh water; for instance the eels. These are known as catadromous fish.


title: Freshwater fish

text: Species migrating between marine and fresh waters need adaptations for both environments; when in salt water they need to keep the bodily salt concentration on a level lower than the surroundings, and vice versa. Many species solve this problem by associating different habitats with different stages of life. Both eels, anadromous salmoniform fish and the sea lamprey have different tolerances in salinity in different stages of their lives.


title: Freshwater fish

text: Among fishers in the United States, freshwater fish species are usually classified by the water temperature in which they survive. The water temperature affects the amount of oxygen available as cold water contains more oxygen than warm water.


title: Freshwater fish

text: Coldwater fish species survive in the coldest temperatures, preferring a water temperature of . In North America, air temperatures that result in sufficiently cold water temperatures are found in the northern United States, Canada, and in the southern United States at high elevation. Common coldwater fish include brook trout, rainbow trout, and brown trout.


title: Freshwater fish

text: Coolwater fish species prefer water temperature between the coldwater and the long warmwater species, around . They are found throughout North America except for the southern portions of the United States. Common coolwater species include muskellunge, northern pike, walleye, and yellow perch.


title: Freshwater fish

text: Warmwater fish species can survive in a wide range of conditions, preferring a water temperature around . Warmwater fish can survive cold winter temperatures in northern climates, but thrive in warmer water. Common warmwater fish include catfish, largemouth bass, bluegill, crappies, and many other species from the family Centrarchidae.


title: Freshwater fish

text: In 2021, a group of conservation organizations estimated that one-third of the world's freshwater fish species were at risk of extinction. A global assessment of freshwater fishes estimates an average decline of 83% in populations between 1970 and 2014. The protection of 30% of Earth's surfaces by 2030 may encompass freshwater habitat and help protect these threatened species.


title: Freshwater fish

text: There is an increasing trend in freshwater fish for local taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic richness in more than half of the world's rivers. This increase in local diversity is primarily explained by anthropogenic species introductions that compensate for or even exceed extinctions in most rivers.


title: Freshwater fish

text: About four in ten North American freshwater fish are endangered, according to a pan-North American study, the main cause being human pollution. The number of fish species and subspecies to become endangered has risen from 40 to 61, since 1989. For example, the Bigmouth Buffalo is now the oldest age-validated freshwater fish in the world, and its status urgently needs reevaluation in parts of its endemic range.


title: Freshwater fish

text: About of the total freshwater fisheries in China are in the Yangtze Basin. Many Yangtze fish species have declined drastically and 65 were recognized as threatened in the 2009 Chinese red list. The Chinese paddlefish, once common to the Yangtze River, is one of a number of extinctions to have taken place due to the degradation of the Yangtze, alongside that of the wild Yangtze sturgeon.


title: Freshwater fish

text: Intentional anthropogenic reconstruction and rerouting of waterways impacts stream flow, water temperature, and more, impacting normal habitat functionality. Dams not only interrupt linear water flow and cause major geological channel shifts, but also limit the amount of water available to fishes in lakes, streams and rivers and have the potential to change the trophic structure because of these alterations of the habitat and the limitations to movement and connectivity.


title: Freshwater fish

text: Unnatural water flow below dams causes immense habitat degradation, reducing viable options for aquatic organisms. Upstream migration is hindered by the dam structure and can cause population declines as fishes don't have access to normal feeding and/or spawning grounds. Dams tend to affect upstream species richness, that is, the number of fish species in the ecological community. Additionally, dams can cause the isolation of fish populations, and the lack of connectivity creates possible problems for inbreeding and low genetic diversity. The loss of connectivity impacts the structure of community assemblies and increases the fragmentation of habitats, which can compound existing problems for vulnerable species.


title: Freshwater fish

text: Temperature alterations are another unintended consequence of dam and land use projects. Temperature is a very important part of aquatic ecosystem stability, and thus changes to stream and river water temperature can have large impacts on biotic communities. Many aquatic larvae use thermal cues to regulate their life cycles, mostly notably here, insects. Insects are a large part of most fish diets, so this can pose a great dietary problem. Temperature can cause changes in fish behavior and distribution habits as well by increasing their metabolic rates and thus their drive to spawn and feed.


title: Freshwater fish

text: Linear systems are more easily fragmented and connectivity in aquatic ecosystems is vital. Freshwater fishes are particularly vulnerable to habitat destruction because they reside in small bodies of water which are often very close to human activity and thus easily polluted by trash, chemicals, waste, and other agents which are harmful to freshwater habitats.


title: Freshwater fish

text: Land use changes cause major shifts in aquatic ecosystems. Deforestation can change the structure and sedimentary composition of streams, which changes the functionality of the habitat for many fish species and can reduce species richness, evenness, and diversity. Agriculture, mining, and basic infrastructural building can degrade freshwater habitats. Fertilizer runoffs can create excess nitrogen and phosphorus which feed massive algae blooms that block sunlight, limit water oxygenation, and make the habitat functionally unsustainable for aquatic species. Chemicals from mining and factories make their way into the soil and go into streams via runoff. More runoff makes its way into streams since paved roads, cement, and other basic infrastructure do not absorb materials, and all the harmful pollutants go directly into rivers and streams. Fish are very sensitive to changes in water pH, salinity, hardness, and temperature which can all be affected by runoff pollutants and indirect changes from land use.


title: Freshwater fish

text: An exotic (or non-native) species is defined as a species that does not naturally occur in a certain area or ecosystem. This includes eggs and other biological material associated with the species. Non-native species are considered invasive if they cause ecological or economic injury.


title: Freshwater fish

text: The introduction of exotic fish species into ecosystems is a threat to many endemic populations. The native species struggle to survive alongside exotic species which decimate prey populations or outcompete indigenous fishes. High densities of exotic fish are negatively correlated with native species richness. Because the exotic species was suddenly thrown into a community instead of evolving alongside the other organisms, it doesn't have established predators, prey, parasites, etc. which other species do, and the exotic species thus has a fitness advantage over endemic organisms.


title: Freshwater fish

text: One such example is the destruction of the endemic cichlid population in Lake Victoria via the introduction of the predatory Nile perch ("Lates niloticus"). Although the exact time is unknown, in the 1950s the Ugandan Game and Fisheries Department covertly introduced the Nile perch into Lake Victoria, possibly to improve sport fishing and boost the fishery. In the 1980s, the Nile perch population saw a large increase which coincided with a great increase in the value of the fishery. This surge in Nile perch numbers restructured the lake's ecology. The endemic cichlid population, known to have around 500 species, was cut almost in half. By the 1990s, only three species of sport fish were left to support the once multispecies fishery, two of which were invasive. More recent research has suggested that remaining cichlids are recovering due to the recent surge in Nile perch commercial fishing, and the cichlids that are left have the greatest phenotypic plasticity and are able to react to environmental changes quickly.


title: Freshwater fish

text: The introduction of the rainbow trout ("Oncorhynchus mykiss") in the late 19th century resulted in the extinction of the yellowfin cutthroat trout ("Oncorhynchus clarkii macdonaldi") found only in the Twin Lakes of Colorado, USA. The yellowfin cutthroat trout was discovered in 1889 and was recognized as a subspecies of the cutthroat trout ("Oncorhynchus clarkii"). The rainbow trout was introduced to Colorado in the 1880s. By 1903, the yellowfin cutthroat trout stopped being reported. It is now presumed extinct. The rainbow trout is invasive worldwide, and there are multiple efforts to remove them from their non-native ecosystems.


title: Freshwater fish

text: Both species are among the "100 of the World’s Worst Invasive Alien Species," as determined by the IUCN Invasive Species Specialist Group based on their effect on anthropogenic activities, environmental biodiversity and their ability to act as a case study for important ecological issues.


title: Freshwater fish

text: Hybridization is defined as the mating of two genetically different species (interspecific hybridization). It is dangerous for native species to hybridize because hybrid phenotypes may have better fitness and outcompete the two parent species and/or other fishes in the ecosystem. This could irreversibly compromise the genetic identity of one or both of the parent species and even drive them to extinction if their range is limited.


title: Freshwater fish

text: The rainbow trout discussed above hybridized with the native greenback cutthroat trout ("Oncorhynchus clarkii stomias"), causing their local extinction in the Twin Lakes area of Colorado as their hybrid "cutbows" became more prevalent. The rainbow trout has been reported to hybridize with at least two other salmonid species. Additionally, the cichlids in Lake Victoria evolved over 700 unique species in only 150,000 years and are theorized to have done so via ancient hybridization events which led to speciation.


title: Uterus didelphys

text: Uterus didelphys (sometimes also "uterus didelphis") represents a uterine malformation where the uterus is present as a paired organ when the embryogenetic fusion of the Müllerian ducts fails to occur. As a result, there is a double uterus with two separate cervices, and possibly a double vagina as well. Each uterus has a single horn linked to the ipsilateral fallopian tube that faces its ovary.


title: Uterus didelphys

text: Most non-human mammals do not have a single uterus with no separation of horns. Marsupials and rodents have a double uterus (uterus duplex). In other animals ("e.g." nematodes), the term 'didelphic' refers to a double genital tract, as opposed to monodelphic, with a single tract.


title: Uterus didelphys

text: Persons with the condition may be asymptomatic and unaware of having a double uterus. However, a study by Heinonen showed that certain conditions are more common. In his study of 26 women with a double uterus gynecological complaints included dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia. All patients displayed a double vagina. The fetal survival rate in 18 patients who delivered was 67.5%. Premature delivery occurred in 21% of the pregnancies. Breech presentation occurred in 43% of women and cesarean section was performed in 82% of the cases.


title: Uterus didelphys

text: The uterus is formed during embryogenesis by the fusion of the two paramesonephric ducts (also called Müllerian ducts). This process usually fuses the two Müllerian ducts into a single uterine body but fails to take place in these affected women who maintain their double Müllerian systems. A didelphic uterus will have a double cervix and is usually associated with a double vagina. The cause of the fusion failure is not known. Associated defects may affect the vagina, the renal system and, less commonly, the skeleton.


title: Uterus didelphys

text: The condition is less common than these other uterine malformations: arcuate uterus, septate uterus, and bicornuate uterus. It has been estimated to occur in 1/3,000 women.


title: Uterus didelphys

text: A specific association of uterus didelphys (double uterus), unilateral hematocolpos (inadequate draining of menstrual blood) and ipsilateral renal agenesis (having only one kidney) has been described.


title: Uterus didelphys

text: A pelvic examination will typically reveal a double vagina and a double cervix. Investigations are usually prompted on the basis of such findings as well as when reproductive problems are encountered. Not all cases of uterus didelphys involve duplication of the cervix and vagina.


title: Uterus didelphys

text: Helpful techniques to investigate the uterine structure are transvaginal ultrasonography and sonohysterography, hysterosalpingography, MRI, and hysteroscopy. More recently 3-D ultrasonography has been advocated as an excellent non-invasive method to evaluate uterine malformations.


title: Uterus didelphys

text: Uterus didelphys is often confused with a complete uterine septum. Often more than one method of investigation is necessary to accurately diagnose the condition. Correct diagnosis is crucial as treatment for these two conditions are very different. Whereas most doctors recommend removal of a uterine septum, they generally concur that it is better not to operate on a uterus didelphys. In either case, a highly qualified reproductive endocrinologist should be consulted.


title: Uterus didelphys

text: Patients with a double uterus may need special attention during pregnancy as premature birth and malpresentation are common. Cesarean section was performed in 82% of patients reported by Heinonen.


title: Uterus didelphys

text: Uterus didelphys, in certain studies, has also been found associated with higher rate of infertility, miscarriage, intrauterine growth retardation, and postpartum bleed.


title: Uterus didelphys

text: In the United States, uterus didelphys is reported to occur in 0.1–0.5% of women. It is difficult to know the exact occurrence of this anomaly, as it may go undetected in the absence of medical and reproductive complications.


title: Uterus didelphys

text: A number of twin gestations have occurred where each uterus carried its pregnancy separately. There have only been about 100 cases worldwide of a woman with a double uterus being pregnant in both wombs at the same time. Prior to 2005 only 11 cases had been reported worldwide.


title: Uterus didelphys

text: Maricia Tescu of Iasi, Romania, gave birth to a premature son on December 11, 2004. Her second baby boy was born via C-section at full term 59 days later, in early February 2005.


title: Uterus didelphys

text: On February 26, 2009, Sarah Reinfelder of Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, delivered two healthy, although seven weeks premature, infants by cesarean section at Marquette General Hospital. It is possible that the deliveries occur at different times, thus the delivery interval could be days or even weeks. On September 15, 2011, Andreea Barbosa of St. Petersburg, Florida, gave birth to fraternal twins, a boy and a girl, via C-section. On October 23, 2020, Kelly Fairhurst of Essex, England, delivered twins, a boy and a girl, at 35 weeks via a planned C-section.


title: Uterus didelphys

text: A UK woman with a double uterus gave birth to triplets in 2006. Hannah Kersey, of Northam, Devon, gave birth to a pair of identical twin girls from an egg that implanted into one womb and then divided, and to an female infant from a single egg that implanted into the other womb. This was the first known birth of viable triplets in a woman with a double uterus. A triplet pregnancy in a woman with uterus didelphys was reported from Israel in 1981; one baby died in utero, and of the remaining babies, one was delivered at 27 weeks gestation and the other 72 days later.


title: Uterus didelphys

text: In 2019, Arifa Sultana of Bangladesh gave premature birth in February and then via emergency Ceasarean section to twins, 26 days later.


title: Kadıköy

text: Kadıköy (), known in classical antiquity and during the Roman and Byzantine eras as Chalcedon (), is a large, populous, and cosmopolitan district in the Asian side of Istanbul, Turkey, on the northern shore of the Sea of Marmara. It partially faces the historic city centre of Fatih on the European side of the Bosporus. One of the expensive neighborhood in Istanbul. Kadıköy is also the name of the most prominent neighbourhood of the district, a residential and commercial area that, with its numerous bars, cinemas and bookshops, is the liberal cultural centre of the Anatolian side of Istanbul. Kadıköy became a district in 1928 when it was separated from Üsküdar district. The neighbourhoods of İçerenköy, Bostancı and Suadiye were also separated from the district of Kartal in the same year, and eventually joined the newly formed district of Kadıköy. Its neighbouring districts are Üsküdar to the northwest, Ataşehir to the northeast, Maltepe to the southeast, and Kartal beyond Maltepe.


title: Kadıköy

text: Kadıköy is an older settlement than most of those on the Anatolian side of the city of İstanbul. Relics dating to 5500-3500 BC (Chalcolithic period) have been found at the Fikirtepe Mound, and articles of stone, bone, ceramic, jewelry and bronze show that there has been a continuous settlement since prehistoric times. A port settlement dating from the Phoenicians has also been discovered. Chalcedon was the first settlement that the Greeks from Megara established on the Bosphorus, in 685 BC, a few years before they established Byzantium on the other side of the strait in 667 BC. Chalcedon became known as the 'city of the blind', the story being that Byzantium was founded following a prophecy that a great capital would be built 'opposite the city of the blind' (meaning that the people of Chalcedon must have been blind not to see the obvious value of the peninsula on the Golden Horn as a natural defensive harbour). The fourth ecumenical church council, Council of Chalcedon, was held there in 451 AD.


title: Kadıköy

text: Chalcedon changed hands time and time again, as Persians, Bithynians, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, Crusaders, and Turks passed through the area, which was badly damaged during the Fourth Crusade and came into Ottoman hands in 1353, a full century before Constantinople. Thus, Kadıköy has the oldest mosque in İstanbul, built almost a century before the conquest of Constantinople in 1453.


title: Kadıköy

text: At the time of the conquest, Chalcedon was a rural settlement outside the protection of the city. It was soon put under the jurisdiction of the Constantinople courts, hence the name "Kadıköy", which means "Village of the Judge". In the Ottoman period, Kadıköy became a market for agricultural goods and in time developed into a residential area for people who would commute to the city by boat.


title: Kadıköy

text: According to Ottoman estimations of 1882, the district of Kadıköy had a total population of 6,733, consisting of 2,695 Muslims, 1,831 Armenians, 1,822 Greeks, 249 Jews, 92 Latins, 28 Bulgarians and 16 Catholics.


title: Kadıköy

text: The major Haydarpaşa Terminal of the Turkish State Railways is located close to Kadıköy's centre and was opened in 1908 as the terminus of the İstanbul-Baghdad and İstanbul-Damascus-Medina railways. The terminal closed due to infrastructure works in 2013 and reopened in 2018, serving east- and south-bound international, domestic and regional trains.


title: Kadıköy

text: The Söğütlüçeşme railway station, the next station after Haydarpaşa Terminal, is the terminus of the Metrobus line to European side of İstanbul.


title: Kadıköy

text: The centre of Kadıköy today is the transportation hub for people commuting between the Asian side of the city and the European side across the Bosphorus. There is a large bus and minibus terminal next to the ferry quay. Ferries are the most dominantly visible form of transport in Kadıköy, and the central market area is adjacent to the ferry quay.


title: Kadıköy

text: The centre-left Republican People's Party (CHP) is usually successful in Kadıköy in both local and national elections. Since the mid-1990s the mayor has been from the CHP. Former mayor S. Öztürk is often credited with the recent growth in the number of shopping and leisure areas around Kadıköy, especially since the pedestrianisation of "Bahariye Street", which many say has become the Kadıköy equivalent of İstiklal Avenue, including its nostalgic trams, on the European side of Istanbul.


title: Kadıköy

text: Marmara University has most of its buildings in Kadıköy, including the large and elegant Haydarpaşa Campus, while the largest private university in İstanbul, Yeditepe University, is located on the hill named "Kayışdağı" at the easternmost edge of the borough (Which later connected to Ataşehir). A new state university, İstanbul Medeniyet University, opened in 2010. It has its main building in Göztepe, Merdivenköy, and has begun to develop campuses in both Kadıköy and Üsküdar. The campuses are divided by the D-100 Highway. Each have a metro station close by.


title: Kadıköy

text: Another private institution for higher education, the Doğuş University, is situated in the Acıbadem neighborhood of Kadıköy.


title: Kadıköy

text: There are also remarkable high schools such as Atatürk Fen Lisesi, Kadıköy Anadolu Lisesi, Göztepe İhsan Kurşunoğlu Anadolu Lisesi, Mustafa Saffet Anadolu Lisesi, İstanbul Anadolu Lisesi, İstanbul Kadıköy Lisesi, FMV Özel Erenköy Işık Lisesi, and Saint-Joseph French High School.


title: Kadıköy

text: Kadıköy is a busy shopping district, with a wide variety of atmospheres and architectural styles. The streets are varied, some being narrow alleyways and others, such as "Bahariye Caddesi", being pedestrian zones. Turkey's biggest food market is there, starting next to the Osman Ağa Mosque, and has an immense turnover of fresh foods and other products from all around Turkey, including a wide range of fresh fish and seafood, olive oil soap, and so on. There are also modern shopping centres, most notably the large Tepe Nautilus Shopping Mall behind the center of Kadıköy, and pavements crowded with street vendors selling socks, unlicensed copies of popular novels, and other products. In the streets behind the main post office, there is a large number of well-known bookshops selling both new and second-hand books, craft-shops and picture-framers, and a number of shops selling music CDs and related ephemera such as film posters and T-shirts. Hard Rock and Heavy Metal music is sold in the arcade named "Akmar Pasajı", where associated items are also sold. On Sundays this area becomes a large second-hand book and music street market. Being a crowded shopping district, Kadıköy has many buskers, shoe shine boys, glue sniffers and schoolchildren in the streets selling flowers, chewing gum and packets of tissues.


title: Kadıköy

text: At the top of the shopping district there is an intersection, with a statue of a bull, called "Altıyol" ("Six Ways"), where a road leads to the civic buildings and a huge street market called "Salı Pazarı" ("Tuesday Market"). The working-class residential districts of Hasanpaşa and Fikirtepe are located behind the civic buildings.


title: Kadıköy

text: There is a lot of residential property in the centre of Kadıköy, mostly somewhat dilapidated today, but there are still quiet suburban streets. The area is home to many students as well as a small number of foreign residents.


title: Kadıköy

text: Kadıköy has many narrow streets filled with cafés, bars and restaurants, as well as many cinemas. Süreyya Opera House is a recent redevelopment of the same named historic movie theatre.


title: Kadıköy

text: The market area is mostly closed to traffic and contains a wide variety of fast food restaurants serving toasted sandwiches, hamburgers and döner. There are also traditional Turkish restaurants and patisseries, bridge schools, wine houses, bars with jazz, folk and rock music, as well as working class tea and backgammon houses.


title: Kadıköy

text: Behind the coast, lies a large shopping and residential district winding uphill to the "Bahariye Caddesi" pedestrian zone. This area was transformed during the economic boom of the 1990s and shops were opened and bars at surrounding.


title: Kadıköy

text: Kadıköy's entertainment is generally not of the affluent type. It has a more working class ambiance; therefore, it is easier to find food of the like of kebab and fried mussels than haute cuisine, although one of İstanbul's most traditional Turkish cuisine representatives, Yanyalı Fehmi Lokantası and the foreign tourist attracting "Çiya" is found here. Also, the oldest recorded maker of Turkish delight, "Hacı Bekir" and chocolate maker "Baylan" are located in Kadıköy.


title: Kadıköy

text: Kadıköy does not have as much nightlife as Beyoğlu (where nightlife also continues much later into the night), nor does it have Nişantaşı's style of shopping or the Bosphorus for nightlife. Instead, it is often considered a modest alternative but may still be regarded as vibrant and cosy. Residents like to frequent the seaside to walk or sit in the grass with a view of the European side of Istanbul across the Bosporus.


title: Kadıköy

text: İstanbul Toy Museum in Göztepe has on display 4,000 toys and miniatures, from Turkey and abroad; many of the exhibits are antiques, some of which date back nearly 200 years. The first floor of the museum is actually the site of the Eyüp Toy Shop, a toy shop that had closed down in the 1950s.


title: Kadıköy

text: Along the coast, away from the centre of Kadıköy, there are many expensive shops and the area becomes more upmarket in neighbourhoods such as Moda and Fenerbahçe, which are attractive, long-established residential areas. These both lie within the bounds of the borough of Kadıköy, and have many restaurants, cafés and bars by the sea. There is a path here along the sea-front from Kadıköy; the tram to Moda calls here.


title: Kadıköy

text: Moda is an old, quiet, cosmopolitan İstanbul neighbourhood, but is beginning to experience economic and aesthetic problems, with there being a lack of car parking and some run-down shops and other buildings. As elsewhere in İstanbul, many historic houses have been demolished and replaced with apartment buildings; however, Moda is generally considered one of the more pleasant residential districts in the city. There are numerous churches in Moda with active congregations, and well-known schools, such as the Lycée Saint-Joseph and Kadıköy Anadolu Lisesi. There is a small, attractive theatre in Moda named "Oyun Atölyesi", founded by actor Haluk Bilginer. The area is also well known for its multiple modern cafes, bars, shops and is popular among Istanbul's creative class and tourists.


title: Kadıköy

text: Another smart new district is Acıbadem. This area has one of the best-known private hospitals in the city and a long avenue of smart cafés, restaurants and ice cream parlours.


title: Kadıköy

text: Beyond this area, the huge stadium of Fenerbahçe Football Club dominates the skyline. From here, the long shopping street named Bağdat Caddesi (Baghdad Avenue) heads east and there are many affluent neighbourhoods between the avenue and the coast. Until the 1950s these areas, such as Kalamış, Göztepe, Caddebostan, Bağdad Avenue, Erenköy, and Suadiye, were full of summer houses and mansions for the city's wealthy upper middle class. Since the Bosphorus Bridge was built, it has become easier to commute from here to the European side of İstanbul, and most of these summer houses have been demolished and replaced with modern apartment buildings. The coast here has a long stretch of seaside parks and yacht marinas, and the streets behind the coast in areas such as Caddebostan are lined with numerous bars and cafés.


title: Kadıköy

text: From Bostancı onwards the economic level progressively lessens, so there are more retired and working-class residents here. There are no more villas, excepting some on the coast at Dragos, and the apartment buildings are narrower and less widely spaced. Bostancı itself is a busy shopping district built around a railway station.


title: Kadıköy

text: Inland from the coast there is a great deal of housing development: some of this has little infrastructure, while most is more expensive, especially in areas such as Kozyatağı and İçerenköy. These districts house many of İstanbul's upper-middle class residents. These neighbourhoods are mainly built around wide avenues and tree-lined streets, with four to six-storey apartment buildings that have sizable gardens and car-parking around them. Especially in Kozyatağı, there are old Ottoman houses nearly in every houses' garden (Each house or apartment has a big garden with parking lots and arbours while these gardens used to be the old house's). Kozyatağı, Suadiye and Kazasker used to be one of the most popular summer areas for wealthy İstanbul residents. Today, Kozyatağı has tree-lined streets, especially magnolia, linden and fruit trees such as medlar trees, plum trees, cherry, mulberry and quince trees, many large greenfields, parks, children parks. These areas, Suadiye, Bağdat Caddesi, Kalamış, Kozyatağı, Fenerbahçe have today, upper-middle or upper class residents. There are many schools, hospitals, shops and restaurants in these areas. There is also a large Carrefour and Bauhaus store on the E5 highway in this part of Kadıköy.


title: Kadıköy

text: In the late 1990s, new luxury housing developments such as Ataşehir began to be constructed in the previously undeveloped area north of the E5 highway. These have their own shops, private colleges, sports centres and other facilities. Ataşehir separated from Kadıköy in 2009 elections.


title: Kadıköy

text: Kadıköy experiences a Mediterranean climate ("Csa/Cs") according to both Köppen and Trewartha climate classifications, with cool winters and warm to hot summers. Its milder winters allow it to be classified in USDA hardiness zone 9b, while its summers are hot enough to be classified as AHS heat zone 4.


title: Kadıköy

text: Kadıköy has many houses from the Ottoman and some from Roman period which are hidden in its side streets. Some of them have been turned into cafés, pubs and restaurants, particularly serving seafood and rest of them waiting for restoration.


title: Kadıköy

text: The district is home to the major Turkish multi-sport club Fenerbahçe SK and their football stadium, the Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium. Following important victories, all neighbourhoods of Kadıköy are crowded with celebrating people. The stadium hosted the 2009 UEFA Cup Final. The area also has a rugby union team, Kadıköy Rugby, which was the first official rugby club in Turkey.


title: Kadıköy

text: The multi-purpose arena of Caferağa Sport Hall, located in the center of Kadıköy's shopping district, is home to the basketball teams of Alpella (men team) and Fenerbahçe İstanbul (women team), volleyball teams (Fenerbahçe Men's Volleyball and Fenerbahçe Women's Volleyball).


title: Kadıköy

text: The district was also home to KadıköySpor, a basketball club that evolved into the current top-level club Anadolu Efes.


title: Kadıköy

text: Kadıköy has been always a place with population belonging to the three main religions, Islam, Christianity and Judaism. There are still many examples of mosques, Greek or Armenian churches and synagogues, as with the rest of İstanbul. The city is the see of the Metropolis of Chalcedon, one of the four remaining metropolises of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople in Turkey today.


title: Kadıköy

text: Hemdat Israel Synagogue, situated in Yeldeğirmeni neighbourhood close to Haydarpaşa Terminal, is one of the oldest Jewish houses of prayer in İstanbul.


title: Glen Taylor

text: Glen Allen Taylor (born April 20, 1941) is an American billionaire business magnate and politician from Minnesota. A self-made businessman, Taylor made his fortune from being the founder and owner of Minnesota-based Taylor Corporation, one of the largest graphic communication companies in the United States.


title: Glen Taylor

text: Taylor has been the majority owner of the Minnesota Timberwolves NBA basketball team since he purchased the team in 1994. He is also the owner of the Minnesota Lynx WNBA basketball team and the part owner of the Minnesota United FC MLS soccer team. In addition to his sports team ownership, Taylor has been the owner of Minneapolis's "Star Tribune" newspaper, the largest newspaper in the state of Minnesota, since 2014.


title: Glen Taylor

text: A former member of the Minnesota Senate from the Republican Party, Taylor served in the state senate from 1981 until 1990. He strongly considered running for the Republican nomination for Governor of Minnesota in the 1990 Minnesota gubernatorial election, but ultimately chose not to run.