title: BanG Dream!

text: An anthology series manga of the chibi anime spin-off "BanG Dream! Girls Band Party! Pico" was published by Bushiroad and released by Kadokawa Corporation on March 14, 2019. Titled "BanG Dream! Garupa Pico Comic Anthology", the book is a compilation work from 17 artists. An online manga titled "BanG Dream! Girls Band Party! The First Page", which retells event stories from the game, was released on March 16, 2021.


title: BanG Dream!

text: , the franchise's anime television adaptation consists of three seasons. Sentai Filmworks licenses the series for digital and home release in regions like North America, Oceania, and Europe; the company also simulcast the second and third seasons on its HIDIVE platform. In Southeast Asia and South Asia, Muse Communication holds the show's rights.


title: BanG Dream!

text: The first season, which was animated by Issen and Xebec and directed by Atsushi Ōtsuki, aired from January 21 to April 22, 2017, on Tokyo MX. The 13-episode series follows Poppin'Party's creation and the band performs the show's opening and ending theme music "Tokimeki Experience!" and "Sparkling Dreaming: Sing Girls


title: BanG Dream!

text: ". The anime was streamed on the Anime Network and by Crunchyroll, and was later released across seven Blu-ray and DVD volumes. An original video animation episode received advanced screenings before being available on the seventh BD/DVD volume released on November 22.


title: BanG Dream!

text: Sanzigen replaced Issen and Xebec for the second and third seasons, which saw a shift to primarily computer-generated animation; in comparison, the first season only used CGI during performances to better show the nuances in playing instruments. Although CGI was the focal animation type under Sanzigen, some aspects like various articles of clothing were still drawn by hand, and motion-capture acting was utilized for performances. "BanG Dream!" was the first non-science fiction production by Sanzigen, who prepared for the anime by creating a music video for the Roselia song "Neo-Aspect". Kōdai Kakimoto took over as director while staff members like composition and script writer Yuniko Ayana continued their roles.


title: BanG Dream!

text: Airing from January 3 to March 28, 2019, and simulcast on Crunchyroll and HIDIVE, "BanG Dream! 2nd Season" increases its scope to include Afterglow, Pastel Palettes, Roselia, Hello, Happy World!, and Raise A Suilen. Unlike its predecessor, the season features a larger emphasis on concerts, which Sanzigen reflected by titling each episode after songs (the first season used "fun and cute" titles that followed a subject and verb sentence structure). It had two opening themes: "Kizuna Music" by Poppin'Party and "Brave Jewel" by Roselia, and two ending themes: "Jumpin'" by Poppin'Party and "Safe and Sound" by Roselia. An English dub of the season was released on Blu-ray and began streaming on HIDIVE on April 21, 2020; the dub was directed by John Swasey and licensed by Sentai.


title: BanG Dream!

text: The third season was originally scheduled for October 2019 before being delayed to January 2020. It details Poppin'Party's participation in the BanG Dream! Girls Band Challenge and the growth of Raise A Suilen; the premise of a competition had been entertained by the animation staff prior to beginning production on the second season. With more focus on the bands' individual development, the season's episode titles were taken from lines stated by the characters in the episodes. "BanG Dream! 3rd Season" aired from January 23 to April 23, 2020, though the first episode came out on January 7 as it was bundled with a limited-edition Blu-ray release for Poppin'Party's "Initial / Straight Through Our Dreams!". The single's tracks are also the season's theme music, with "Initial" as the opening and "Straight Through Our Dreams!" as the ending. Kakimoto and the previous season's staff returned for the new installment. HIDIVE's simulcast began with the January 7 premiere date, while VRV also assumed streaming rights.


title: BanG Dream!

text: Outside of the main series, two chibi spin-offs called "Pastel Life" and "BanG Dream! Girls Band Party! Pico" aired in May and July 2018, respectively. Studio A-Cat worked on "Pastel Life" with leadership from Tommy Hino, while "Pico" was animated by Sanzigen in conjunction with DMM.futureworks and directed by Seiya Miyajima. A second season of "Pico" titled "BanG Dream! Girls Band Party! Pico: Ohmori" aired from May to October 2020. A third season of "Pico" titled "BanG Dream! Girls Band Party! Pico Fever!" aired from October 7, 2021 to March 31, 2022.


title: BanG Dream!

text: "BanG Dream! Film Live", a movie animated by Sanzigen and starring the original five bands, premiered on September 13, 2019. The movie was directed by Tomomi Umetsu with script by Nakamura; in addition to the main cast, Kazuyuki Ueda and Elements Garden returned to reprise their roles as character designer and music producer, respectively. After opening in 56 theaters, the film grossed approximately at the box office in its first month. After acquiring its license in August 2020, Sentai conducted limited cinematic screenings of the movie in addition to home release. A sequel, "BanG Dream! Film Live 2nd Stage", adds Morfonica and Raise A Suilen to the cast and premiered on August 20, 2021.


title: BanG Dream!

text: A two-part film series focusing on Roselia called "BanG Dream! Episode of Roselia" (each subtitled "Promise" and "Song I am.") saw a theatrical release in 2021; "Promise" premiered on April 23, while "Song I am." did so on June 25. Online streaming platform Eventive carried both movies in the United States. A Poppin'Party-centric movie titled "BanG Dream! Poppin'Dream!" premiered on January 1, 2022. Crunchyroll announced they will be streaming this movie on September 1.


title: BanG Dream!

text: In 2022, to commemorate "Girls Band Party!" fifth anniversary, a two-episode animation titled "BanG Dream! Girls Band Party! 5th Anniversary Animation: CiRCLE Thanks Party!" was released on March 10 and 17.


title: BanG Dream!

text: On March 19, 2022, it was announced that Morfonica was receiving an original anime titled "BanG Dream! Morfonication", which premiered on July 28 and 29, 2022.


title: BanG Dream!

text: "BanG Dream! Girls Band Party!", also known as "Garupa", is a free-to-play mobile rhythm game developed by Craft Egg and published by Bushiroad's Bushimo for the Android and iOS platforms. Revealed at Tokyo Game Show 2016, it was first released in Japan on March 16, 2017. An English-language global version was launched in Singapore on March 29, 2018, followed by a worldwide release on April 4. The game was also released in traditional Chinese in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macao on October 19, 2017, with Mobimon Inc. serving as publisher; mainland China received its own version by bilibili on May 30, 2019. A Korean-language edition was published by Kakao Games on February 6, 2018.


title: BanG Dream!

text: The gameplay consists of tapping notes as they scroll toward the bottom to the rhythm of a selected song. Playable tracks include original pieces from the series and cover versions of popular anime music, the latter of which was inspired by their popularity during the "BanG Dream!" lives. Kidani compared the inclusion of covers to the use of mainstream series in Bushiroad's "Weiß Schwarz" card game as "drops in momentum" are canceled out by "the addition of popular titles." Some covers were spawned by collaborations between the game and other series such as the anime "Is the Order a Rabbit?" and "".


title: BanG Dream!

text: An augmented reality application based on the game titled "Bandori! Garupa AR!" was distributed for a limited period starting January 9, 2018. In 2019, "Girls Band Party!" partnered with SCRAP Co. to organize "Find the Random Star!", an escape room-like game in which participants search for Kasumi's lost guitar by solving riddles located throughout the city. The event ran from December 4, 2019, to February 29, 2020, in Tokyo, Nagoya, and Osaka.


title: BanG Dream!

text: In May 2018, Bushiroad revealed a male-centric project titled "Argonavis from BanG Dream!" (stylized as "ARGONAVIS"). Despite sharing the "BanG Dream!" name, Kidani emphasized that "Argonavis" takes place in a different world from the main series, meaning there would be no interactions between the characters of both projects. The titular band began performing in December; like their female counterparts, Argonavis plays their own music in addition to portraying characters. Argonavis also overlapped with the main franchise at the BanG Dream! 7th Live on February 22, 2019, where they served as the opening act for Raise A Suilen's Genesis concert. Manga artist Hikaru Miyoshi designed the characters and Nobuhiro Mōri wrote the story.


title: BanG Dream!

text: An "Argonavis" anime series produced by Sanzigen debuted on April 10, 2020. The "Argonavis from BanG Dream! AAside" mobile game, a sequel to the anime that adds additional bands, was released on January 14, 2021.


title: BanG Dream!

text: In November 2021, Bushiroad announced the project would be changed from "Argonavis from BanG Dream!" to "From Argonavis" (stylized with a lowercase "f"), spinning it off into its own subsidiary separate from the "BanG Dream!" franchise. A new company to manage the project, Argonavis Co., Ltd. was also established with Argonavis member Daisuke Hyūga as the public relations manager.


title: BanG Dream!

text: On April 28, 2022, Bushiroad announced the formation of a band called MyGO!!!!!, which is promoted as "synchronizing" the real and virtual universes. While they have named characters, the identities of the band's voice cast have remained secret. Their first concert took place on July 3 with Morfonica's drummer Mika as a supporting musician, and they opened for the Special Live Girls Band Party! in November. The band released their debut single "Mayoiuta" on November 9.


title: BanG Dream!

text: A band for VTubers, which entails being hired by Bushiroad's voice acting agency HiBiKi for online streaming, was created in 2022. Open auditions were held from July 22 to August 14, though applicants were not required to play instruments.


title: BanG Dream!

text: "BanG Dream!" has received worldwide acclaim for its live concerts and "Girls Band Party!". In 2017, Jessica Liong of ComicsVerse described the "biggest appeal" of the franchise as being "its live performers. The key, it seems, is to draw people in with anime girls and keep them with the glamor of real-life concerts." After Poppin'Party's debut single "Yes! BanG_Dream!" sold less than 1,500 copies in its first week and their second song "Star Beat!" had 3,414 in the same time frame, performances such as at Animelo Summer Live 2016 helped boost the initial-week sales of the third single "On Your New Journey / Tear Drops" to 11,301. By 2018, the band's singles regularly saw over 10,000–20,000 sales in their opening weeks.


title: BanG Dream!

text: The series has become a financial boon for Bushiroad. In 2018, it averaged over in annual revenue, making it one of the company's top-producing intellectual properties. From August 2017 to July 2018, Bushiroad's "Weiß Schwarz" brand experienced record sales after adding "BanG Dream!" cards to its collection. "Girls Band Party!" grossed () between 2017 and 2018, including in 2017 and in 2018; during the latter year, the game was the 15th-most successful mobile game and the second-most successful rhythm game in Japan in terms of revenue, only behind "". "BanG Dream!" has also collaborated with various entities for promotions like Pacific League baseball, the Lawson convenience store chain, and Seiko watches.


title: BanG Dream!

text: The anime has garnered mixed but gradually improving reception over time. Although the first season had lukewarm responses, the second and third have been regarded in a more positive light by reviewers. Chris Beveridge of The Fandom Post, who reviewed the first two seasons, praised the franchise's preparation for the anime's later seasons by producing other media to flesh out the setting rather than hastily creating additional seasons.


title: BanG Dream!

text: The first season was one of the most-discussed shows on Japanese social media during the winter 2017 season. However, it received mediocre reviews with particular criticism aimed at its plot. In a "C−"-grade critique, Anime News Network's Christopher Farris described the story as being "one of the downright emptiest [he had] seen in anime in a long while", citing the lack of true adversity faced by the characters. Opinions on the animation and design were divided, with Farris calling it "a great-looking product overall" while "Otaku USA" writer Brittany Vincent—who noted other music shows like "Love Live!" also use CGI—wrote they "don't look particularly great". Although Vincent praised the show for having "a lot of heart", she added "there are more inspired choices out there" for music anime. Beveridge expressed his pleasure with the cast's realism, though he stressed the viewer's opinion of the characters "will make or break the show." He ultimately described "BanG Dream!" as a "solid and serviceable show that felt like a lot of other girl band shows." In a 2018 interview with "Real Sound", Kidani admitted the unenthusiastic reception from Japanese audiences led him to shift his investment to promoting "Girls Band Party!" before its release.


title: BanG Dream!

text: Among Western reviewers, the second season was generally seen as an improvement story- and animation-wise. In an article for "Polygon", Julia Lee listed the season as one of "six new anime series to watch this winter", praising the emphasis on the new bands and the switch to CGI "without losing much of the artistic style that made the first (season) pop." Farris questioned the inclusion of new characters without much introduction, writing it was a jarring transition for those unfamiliar to "Girls Band Party!". Nevertheless, he commended its emotional impact and increase in musical numbers, grading the season as a "C+" as he felt there were "still a lot of caveats to iron out before it can be called a true success for all but the most devoted." Beveridge praised the season's performances for its fluid animation and "infectious energy" in the songs, and added that although he was not invested in the individual characters, he found it "incredibly easy to be engaged from episode to episode and enjoy the journey."


title: BanG Dream!

text: The third season enjoyed favorable responses from writers like Farris and The Fandom Post's Shawn Hacaga, the former issuing a "B+" grade and the latter—who considers himself a fan of the franchise—writing reviews for each episode. Describing the season as "a generally solid show in its own right," Farris praised the storyline for its concrete emphasis on the three main bands (Poppin'Party, Roselia, and Raise A Suilen) and its success in promoting the franchise's premise that "playing in a band with your friends for fun is the ultimate goal of performing". Hacaga lauded Raise A Suilen's story, prompting him to regard the season as exceeding his expectations in his review of the fourth and fifth episodes, and described the bands' growths throughout the season as "an absolute joy" to watch in his final critique.


title: BanG Dream!

text: Eight bands (Poppin'Party, Roselia, Raise A Suilen, Morfonica, Afterglow, Pastel Palettes, Hello Happy World, and Glitter Green) have each released singles and albums, the latter of which include original and cover songs. Glitter Green's lone single "Don't be afraid!", which was used as an insert song for the anime's first season, was released in collaboration with "Tantei Opera Milky Holmes".


title: BanG Dream!

text: Kō Nakamura and Elements Garden's Asuka Oda serve as the franchise's primary lyricists, with the former writing lyrics for most Poppin'Party songs while the latter does so for the others. Elements Garden's other members such as Noriyasu Agematsu and Junpei Fujita also compose and arrange music for the series. In 2021, the project introduced a series of "tie-up" partnership songs that are written and composed by artists outside of Elements Garden; the first song, "Introduction" performed by Poppin'Party, was the creation of Yoasobi's Ayase. Afterglow also teamed up with the band Flow for the song "Winner" as part of Flow's single "Dice".


title: BanG Dream!

text: Various songs from "BanG Dream!" have been used as theme music for other Bushiroad properties. Poppin'Party's "Excellent (Hey, Let's Go!)" and "B.O.F." served as an opening and ending theme for the "Future Card Buddyfight" series, respectively; Aimi and Nishimoto also voiced characters in the show. In 2020, Raise A Suilen performed the opening "Sacred world" for the anime "Assault Lily Bouquet". The following year, RAS' "Exist" and "Embrace of light" were the themes to "". In July, Poppin'Party and Argonavis performed the theme songs "A Song No More" and "Possibility", respectively, for "Remake Our Life!"; Aimi and Argonavis' Masahiro Itō also starred in the show. Poppin'Party's "Moonlight Walk" was also used as the ending for "The Fruit of Evolution".


title: BanG Dream!

text: The "Cardfight!! Vanguard" series has also made regular use of the franchise's music for theme songs. Its 2018 reboot saw Roselia perform the opening "Legendary" and ending "Heroic Advent" (the latter appearing in the "" arc), while RAS was responsible for one of the reboot's endings "Unstoppable" and "" themes with "Invincible Fighter" and "Takin' My Heart". In 2021, the first season of "Cardfight!! Vanguard overDress" respectively featured Roselia's "ZEAL of proud" and Argonavis' "Y" as its opening and ending, while the second season utilized Morfonica's "Fateful..." as an ending. The 2018 "Cardfight!!" spin-off "" had the Pastel Palettes song "Wonderland Girl" as its opening.


title: My Way (Usher album)

text: My Way is the second studio album by American singer Usher. It was released on September 16, 1997, by LaFace Records in North America. The album features guest appearances from Monica, Jermaine Dupri, and Lil' Kim. The album was supported by three singles, all platinum-selling: "Nice & Slow", "My Way", and "You Make Me Wanna...".


title: My Way (Usher album)

text: With most of the album production by Babyface and Dupri, the album became a commercial success, debuting at number 15 on the "Billboard" 200 and peaking at number four. The album also reached number four on the US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart and eventually topped the "Billboard" R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart for three weeks. It was certified six times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). "My Way" became Usher's breakthrough album and earned him a nomination for the Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance for "You Make Me Wanna...".


title: My Way (Usher album)

text: In a contemporary review, "The Source" magazine said with "My Way", "Usher proves that he's aiming to become more than just R&B music's best kept secret". Asondra R. Hunter from "Vibe" said that Usher is sensual through his mild and gentle tone and tasteful, refined lyrics. Robert Christgau, writing in "The Village Voice", cited "Just Like Me" and "You Make We Wanna..." as highlights, and quipped that Usher was "the sweetest nonvirgin a mama could ask". He gave "My Way" a one-star honorable mention, indicating "a worthy effort consumers attuned to its overriding aesthetic or individual vision may well like." In a negative review for "Rolling Stone", David Fricke felt that the album has too many downtempo songs, and criticized the writing and production quality.


title: My Way (Usher album)

text: In a retrospective review for AllMusic, Stephen Thomas Erlewine gave "My Way" four out of five stars and praised Usher's vocal restraint, but noted inconsistency in quality. In a 2002 review, "Q" magazine also gave it four stars and wrote that it established Usher's reputation as a young and skillful performer of R&B slow jams. Keith Harris, writing in "The Rolling Stone Album Guide" (2004), gave it three-and-a-half stars and said that, although Dupri's combination of hi-hat hits, acoustic-guitar arpeggios, and occasional guest raps from him and Lil Kim can inhibit the album, "My Way" was the work of a significant, enterprising artist. Yahoo! Music's Billy Johnson Jr. credited the album for Usher's breakthrough into the music industry, and lauded the production of the three singles.


title: My Way (Usher album)

text: "My Way" debuted at number 15 on the US "Billboard" 200 chart dated October 4, 1997, selling 66,000 copies in its first week in the United States. It entered the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums at number four on that same week. The album rose to number one on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums on January 10, 1998; it topped the chart for three consecutive weeks, and remained on the chart for a total of seventy-five weeks. "My Way" peaked at number four on the "Billboard" 200, and spent seventy-nine weeks on that chart. It has since been certified six times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales of over six million copies in the United States. As of 2002, it has sold six million copies in the United States and seven million copies worldwide.


title: Fuxi

text: Fuxi or Fu Hsi (伏羲 ~ 伏犧 ~ 伏戲) is a culture hero in Chinese legend and mythology, credited along with his sister and wife Nüwa with creating humanity and the invention of music, hunting, fishing, domestication, and cooking as well as the Cangjie system of writing Chinese characters around 2,000BC. Fuxi was counted as the first of the Three Sovereigns at the beginning of the Chinese dynastic period.


title: Fuxi

text: Pangu was said to be the creation god in Chinese mythology. He was a giant sleeping within an egg of chaos. As he awoke, he stood up and divided the sky and the earth. Pangu then died after standing up, and his body turned into rivers, mountains, plants, animals, and everything else in the world, among which is a powerful being known as Huaxu (華胥). Huaxu gave birth to a twin brother and sister, Fuxi and Nüwa. Fuxi and Nüwa are said to be creatures that have faces of human and bodies of snakes.


title: Fuxi

text: Fuxi was known as the "original god", and he was said to have been born in the lower-middle reaches of the Yellow River in a place called Chengji (成紀) (possibly modern Lantian, Shaanxi province, or Tianshui, Gansu province).


title: Fuxi

text: A possible historical interpretation of the myth is that Huaxu (Fuxi's mother) was a leader during the matriarchal society (BC) as early Chinese developed language skill while Fuxi and Nüwa were leaders in the early patriarchal society (BC) while Chinese began the marriage rituals.


title: Fuxi

text: A divinity Taihao () appears, vaguely, in sources before the Han dynasty, independent from Fuxi. Later, Fuxi is identified with Taihao, the latter being his courtesy or formal name.


title: Fuxi

text: According to the "Classic of Mountains and Seas", Fuxi and Nüwa were the original humans who lived on the mythological Kunlun Mountain (today's Huashan). One day they set up two separated piles of fire, and the fire eventually became one. Under the fire, they decided to become husband and wife. Fuxi and Nüwa used clay to create offspring, and with the divine power they made the clay figures come alive. These clay figures were the earliest human beings. Fuxi and Nüwa were usually recognized by Chinese as two of the Three Sovereigns in the early patriarchal society in China (BC), based on the myth about Fuxi establishing marriage ritual in his tribe. The creation of human beings was a symbolic story of having a larger family structure that included the figure of a father.


title: Fuxi

text: On one of the columns of the Fuxi Temple in Gansu Province, the following couplet describes Fuxi's importance: "Among the three primogenitors of Huaxia civilization, Fu Xi in Huaiyang Country ranks first." During the time of his predecessor Nüwa, society was matriarchal.


title: Fuxi

text: Fuxi taught his subjects to cook, to fish with nets, and to hunt with weapons made of bone, wood, or bamboo. He instituted marriage and offered the first open-air sacrifices to heaven. A stone tablet, dated AD 160, shows Fuxi with Nüwa.


title: Fuxi

text: Traditionally, Fuxi is considered the originator of the "I Ching", which work is attributed to his reading of the "He Map" (or the Yellow River Map). According to this tradition, Fuxi had the arrangement of the trigrams of the "I Ching" revealed to him in the markings on the back of a mythical dragon horse (sometimes said to be a tortoise) that emerged from the Luo River. This arrangement precedes the compilation of the "I Ching" during the Zhou dynasty. This discovery is said to have been the origin of calligraphy. Fuxi is also credited with the invention of the Guqin musical instrument, though credit for this is also given to Shennong and Yellow Emperor.


title: Fuxi

text: Fuxi is said to have lived for 197 years altogether and died at a place called Chen (modern Huaiyang, Henan), where a monument to him can still be found and visited as a tourist attraction.


title: 2018 Mr. Olympia

text: The 2018 Mr. Olympia contest was a weekend long IFBB professional bodybuilding competition that was held on September 14 to 15, 2018, in Las Vegas, Nevada. This was the 54th Mr. Olympia competition celebrated. The weekend competition is also known as the Joe Weider's Olympia Fitness and Performance Weekend. While the main event was the competition for the title of Mr. Olympia, several other events were held which includes the Amateur competition and sports expo.


title: 2018 Mr. Olympia

text: On September 13, 2018, prejudging and finals for Fitness Olympia, Figure Olympia and Classic Physique were held and livestream via Amazon Prime. Mr. Olympia pre-judging was also held on the same night.


title: 2018 Mr. Olympia

text: On September 15, 2018, the Men's Physique Olympia and Women's Physique Olympia judging and finals were held in the morning at Las Vegas Convention Center. At night, the Bikini Olympia, 212 Olympia and Mr. Olympia finals were held at Orleans Arena.


title: 2018 Mr. Olympia

text: Heath was attempting to tie the record for the most Mr. Olympia wins with eight, held jointly by Lee Haney (1984–1991) and Ronnie Coleman (1998–2005).


title: Son (novel)

text: Son is a 2012 young adult dystopian novel by American author Lois Lowry. The fourth and final book in "The Giver Quartet", the story takes place during and after the first book in the series, "The Giver". The story follows Claire, the birth mother of Gabriel, who was marked for "release" in "The Giver" before being taken out of the community by Jonas. Claire, obsessed with finding her son, embarks on a journey out of the community in an attempt to follow and find him. The novel explores themes of love, obligation, sacrifice, and loss. "Son" received mostly positive reviews from critics.


title: Son (novel)

text: "Before" takes place in the same location, "The Community," and at approximately the same time as "The Giver". Claire's assigned occupation in the community is Birth Mother by artificial insemination, and her primary responsibility is to give birth. At the beginning of the novel, Claire is nearing the end of her pregnancy. She gives birth to her child at 14, but complications during delivery necessitate birth by Cesarean section. Three weeks after giving birth, Claire reports to the birthing unit office and is reassigned to work at the Fish Hatchery. After she leaves, she inquires after the baby she birthed, and the officer informs her that the baby is healthy and accidentally informs Claire that the child is male and number 36 in his year.


title: Son (novel)

text: Claire retains curiosity for her son as she begins work at the Fish Hatchery and begins casually volunteering at the infant nurturing center to see him. As she plays with Thirty-Six, she quickly grows to love him, a feeling she finds that she alone experiences. She later realizes that all adult community members take pills that suppress emotions. As a Birth Mother, she was instructed not to take the pills, but the matter was overlooked in her reassignment. Claire is told that Thirty-Six is going "Elsewhere" for his failure to thrive according to the community's standards. Before she can do anything, her son is saved and taken away by Jonas, the protagonist from "The Giver". Claire attempts to follow them on a supply boat, but it soon encounters a strong storm and is shipwrecked.


title: Son (novel)

text: In "Between", Claire is rescued from the beach on which the supply boat shipwrecked. She is taken in by a midwife, Alys, while she tries to regain her memory, as she has suffered from temporary amnesia after the wreck. Once her memories return, Lame Einar is a man who trains her to be able to escape the village they are in. She is forced to climb a steep cliff up out of the valley. Then, she meets an evil entity, Trademaster, which offers to take her to her son if she trades her youth. Claire agrees and is turned into an old woman, and her son, Gabriel "Gabe", is located.


title: Son (novel)

text: In "Beyond", Gabe is now a young man with the power to see into other people's minds for a split second, "seeing beyond." Gabe is also curious about his old home and his real mother.


title: Son (novel)

text: Meanwhile, Jonas notices Claire, finds out that she is the mother of Gabe, and convinces Gabe that Claire is his mother and that the Trademaster is the evil entity that caused her to grow old.


title: Son (novel)

text: Gabe is then told that the Trademaster must be killed. He meets the Trademaster, veers into its body, and understands that the Trademaster is dying from starvation because he feeds off his victims' suffering. Gabe then tells the Trademaster of all the people that he has tried to destroy and how they are living happily again. That destroys the Trademaster, and when Gabe returns home, Claire returns to her younger self.


title: Son (novel)

text: Themes in "Son" include those of love, obligation, sacrifice, and loss. Lowry had originally not planned on writing "Son" or any sequels to "The Giver", but she was inspired to write the story after she "decided to describe what became of him [Gabriel] as he grew up." Initially intending to center the book on Gabriel and his determination to discover his past, Lowry instead found herself being drawn to write more about Claire. She stated, "I wasn't aware of it at the time... but when I was writing of her yearning to find her boy, that was coming out of my own yearning to have my own son back."


title: Son (novel)

text: Reception for "Son" has been mostly positive, with the book gaining starred reviews from Kirkus Reviews and Booklist. A reviewer for "The Washington Post" wrote that the book had a "quiet climax", stating that the ultimate "power of this parable" is that "It confronts us with some of the choices we are making and plays out the consequences." Robin Wasserman of "The New York Times" commented that "Son" did well as a standalone novel and praised Lowry's descriptions in the book. The Boston Globe criticized the book's "over-elaborations and pacing" while writing that "overall the journey is still worth the effort". The AV Club commented that while the book could have used more world-building, it is also "just plain good young-adult literature".


title: Ramón Rodríguez (actor)

text: Ramón Rodríguez (born December 20, 1979) is a Puerto Rican actor known for his roles on the television series "The Wire" (2006–08) and "Day Break" (2006–07), and in the films "" (2009) and "The Taking of Pelham 123" (2009). He portrayed John Bosley on the short-lived ABC television reboot of "Charlie's Angels" (2011). In 2014, Rodríguez starred as Ryan Lopez on the Fox crime drama television series "Gang Related". In 2018, he played the role of Benjamin Cruz on the Showtime television series "The Affair".


title: Ramón Rodríguez (actor)

text: Rodríguez was born in Puerto Rico and grew up on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. He attended New York City Lab School for Collaborative Studies and then The Leelanau School in Michigan, where he played basketball during his final two years. He continued playing basketball for another two years at Wheeling Jesuit University in West Virginia, before transferring to New York University, where he earned his degree in sports marketing.


title: Ramón Rodríguez (actor)

text: Rodríguez began his career in 2005, with the role of Ángel Rodríguez in the direct-to-video film "" and the recurring role of Kevin Vasquez on two episodes of "Rescue Me". He went on to appear on series such as "", "Day Break", and "The Wire". He has also appeared in the films "Bella" (2006), "Pride and Glory" (2008), "Surfer, Dude" (2008), "The Taking of Pelham 123" (2009), and "" (2009). Rodríguez was cast as John Bosley for the television reboot of "Charlie's Angels" in 2011. The series was cancelled after four episodes had aired.


title: Ramón Rodríguez (actor)

text: In 2013, he landed the lead role on the Fox crime drama series "Gang Related", portraying Ryan Lopez, the adopted son of a crime lord who infiltrates the Los Angeles Police Department so his family can keep ahead of the law. The series began in 2014, but was ultimately cancelled after one season. Rodríguez then co-starred as Joe "Beasty" Peck, with Aaron Paul, in the action film "Need for Speed". In 2016, Rodríguez co-starred opposite Vera Farmiga and Virginia Madsen in the adventure drama film "Burn Your Maps", directed by Jordan Roberts. In 2017, he co-starred as Matt Morales in the drama biopic "Megan Leavey", alongside Kate Mara, who played US Marine Megan Leavey. Also that year, he played the role of Bakuto in both the Netflix series "Iron Fist" and "The Defenders".


title: Nail biting

text: Nail biting, also known as onychophagy or onychophagia (or even erroneously onyhophagia), is an oral compulsive habit of biting one's fingernails. It is sometimes described as a parafunctional activity, the common use of the mouth for an activity other than speaking, eating, or drinking.


title: Nail biting

text: Nail biting is very common, especially amongst children. 25–30 percent of children bite nails. More pathological forms of nails biting are considered an impulse control disorder in the DSM-IV-R and are classified under obsessive-compulsive and related disorders in the DSM-5. The ICD-10 classifies the practice as "other specified behavioral and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence". However, not all nail biting is pathological, and the difference between harmful obsession and normal behavior is not always clear. The earliest reference to nail biting as a symptom of anxiety was in late sixteenth century in France.


title: Nail biting

text: Nail biting usually leads to harmful effects to the fingers, like infections. These consequences are directly derived from the physical damage of biting or from the hands becoming an infection vector. Moreover, it can also have a social impact, for example social withdrawal and avoiding handshakes.


title: Nail biting

text: The ten fingernails are usually equally bitten to approximately the same degree. Often, the adjacent skin is bitten off, too, which is called perionychophagia, a special case of dermatophagia. Biting nails can lead to broken skin on the cuticle. When cuticles are improperly removed, they are susceptible to microbial and viral infections such as paronychia. Saliva may then redden and infect the skin. In rare cases, fingernails may become severely deformed after years of nail biting due to the destruction of the nail bed.


title: Nail biting

text: Nail biting may have an association with oral problems, such as gingival injury, and malocclusion of the anterior teeth. It can also transfer pinworms or bacteria buried under the surface of the nail from the anus region to the mouth. If the bitten-off nails are swallowed, stomach problems can occasionally develop.


title: Nail biting

text: Nail-biting can be a source of guilt and shame feelings in the nail biter, a reduced quality of life, and increased stigmatization in the inner family circles or at a more societal level.


title: Nail biting

text: Other body-focused repetitive behaviors include excoriation disorder (skin picking), dermatophagia (skin biting), and trichotillomania (the urge to pull out hair), and all of them tend to coexist with nail biting. As an oral parafunctional activity, it is also associated with bruxism (tooth clenching and grinding), and other habits such as pen chewing and cheek biting.


title: Nail biting

text: In children nail biting most typically co-occurs with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (75% of nail biting cases in a study), and other psychiatric disorders including oppositional defiant disorder (36%) and separation anxiety disorder (21%). It is also more common among children and adolescents with obsessive–compulsive disorder. Nail biting appeared in a study to be more common in men with eating disorders than in those without them.


title: Nail biting

text: The most common treatment, which is cheap and widely available, is to apply a clear, bitter-tasting nail polish to the nails. Normally denatonium benzoate is used, the most bitter chemical compound known. The bitter flavor discourages the nail-biting habit.


title: Nail biting

text: Behavioral therapy is beneficial when simpler measures are not effective. Habit Reversal Training (HRT), which seeks to unlearn the habit of nail biting and possibly replace it with a more constructive habit, has shown its effectiveness versus placebo in children and adults. A study in children showed that results with HRT were superior to either no treatment at all or the manipulation of objects as an alternative behavior, which is another possible approach to treatment. In addition to HRT, stimulus control therapy is used to both identify and then eliminate the stimulus that frequently triggers biting urges. Other behavioral techniques that have been investigated with preliminary positive results are self-help techniques, such as decoupling and the use of wristbands as non-removable reminders. More recently, technology companies have begun producing wearable devices and smart watch applications that track the position of users' hands but no research has been published so far.


title: Nail biting

text: Another treatment for chronic nail biters is the usage of a dental deterrent device that prevents the front teeth from damaging the nails and the surrounding cuticles. After about two months, the device leads to a full oppression of the nail biting urge.


title: Nail biting

text: Evidence on the efficacy of drugs is very limited, and they are not routinely used. A small double-blind randomized clinical trial in children and adolescents indicated that N-acetylcysteine, a glutathione and glutamate modulator, could, in the short term only, be more effective than placebo in decreasing the nail-biting behavior.


title: Nail biting

text: Independently of the method used, parental education is useful in the case of young nail biters to maximize the efficacy of the treatment programs, as some behaviors by the parents or other family members may be helping to perpetuate the problem. For example, punishments have been shown to be not better than placebo, and in some cases may even increase the nail biting frequency.


title: Nail biting

text: While it is rare before the age of 3, about 30 percent of children between 7 and 10 years of age and 45 percent of teenagers engage in nail biting. Finally, prevalence decreases in adults. Figures may vary between studies, and could be related to geographic and cultural differences. The proportion of subjects that have ever had the habit (lifetime prevalence) may be much higher than the proportion of current nail-biters (time-point prevalence). Although there does not seem to be a gender correlation, results of epidemiological studies on this issue are not fully consistent. It may be underrecognized since individuals tend to deny or be ignorant of its negative consequences, complicating its diagnosis. Having a parent with a mental disorder is also a risk factor.


title: Kanva dynasty

text: The Kanva dynasty or Kanvayana that overthrew the Shunga dynasty in parts of eastern and central India, and ruled from 73 BCE to 28 BCE.


title: Kanva dynasty

text: Although the Puranic literature indicates that the Kanva Dynasty ruled from the former capital of the Shunga Empire in Pataliputra, Magadha in Eastern India, their coins are primarily found in and around the region of Vidisha in Central India, which had also been the capital of later Shunga rulers.


title: Kanva dynasty

text: The Kanva dynasty was established by Vasudeva Kanva in 73 BCE. Vasudeva was initially a minister of the Shunga Emperor Devabhuti, who then assassinated the former emperor and usurped the throne. The Kanva ruler allowed the kings of the Shunga dynasty to continue to rule in obscurity in a corner of their former dominions. There were four Kanva rulers. According to the Puranas, their dynasty was brought to an end by the Satavahanas in 28 BCE.


title: Kanva dynasty

text: The Kanva kings were Brahmins. They were descendants of Sage Saubhari. Vasudeva Kanva killed Devabhuti of the Shunga dynasty and established the rule of the Kanva dynasty.


title: Kanva dynasty

text: The first ruler of the Kanva dynasty was Vasudeva after whose Gotra the dynasty was named. He was succeeded by his son Bhumimitra. Coins bearing the legend Bhumimitra have been discovered from Panchala realm. Copper coins with the legend "Kanvasya" have also been found from Vidisha, as well as Kaushambi in the Vatsa realm. Bhumimitra ruled for fourteen years and was later succeeded by his son Narayana. Narayana ruled for twelve years. He was succeeded by his son Susharman who was the last king of the Kanva dynasty.


title: Kanva dynasty

text: According to the Puranas, the last king of the Kanva dynasty was killed by Balipuccha, who founded the Andhra dynasty.


title: Kanva dynasty

text: The defeat of the Kanva dynasty by the Satavahana dynasty was a localised event in Central India. However, numismatic and epigraphic evidence suggests that Magadha itself came under the hegemony of the Mitra dynasty of Kaushambi from the 1st century BCE until the 2nd century CE.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: The 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season was the 133rd season for the Los Angeles Dodgers franchise in Major League Baseball, their 65th season in Los Angeles, California, and their 60th season playing their home games at Dodger Stadium. The Dodgers hosted the 2022 Major League Baseball All-Star Game on July 19, 2022. This was the last season for Hall of Fame Spanish play-by-play announcer Jaime Jarrín, who had been calling games for the team since 1959.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: On December 2, 2021, Commissioner of Baseball Rob Manfred announced a lockout of players, following expiration of the collective bargaining agreement (CBA) between the league and the Major League Baseball Players Association (MLBPA). On March 10, 2022, the MLB and MLBPA agreed to a new collective bargaining agreement, thus ending the lockout. Opening Day was re-scheduled for April 7. Although MLB previously announced that several series would be cancelled due to the lockout, the agreement provided for a full 162-game season, with originally canceled games made up throughout the season via doubleheaders, loss of off-days and extending the season by three days.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: On August 2, Vin Scully, a Hall of Fame broadcaster for the team from 1950 to 2016, died at the age of 94.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: Bolstered by the signing of Freddie Freeman, the Dodgers became the first team to clinch a playoff spot on September 12, the 10th straight year they had made the postseason. The following day, they also clinched their 20th National League West title, and their 9th in the last 10 seasons. On September 28, they broke the franchise record for total regular season wins by clocking their 107th victory of the year, surpassing the previous franchise high of 106 wins. The team also clinched the top seed in MLB for the first time since the 2017 squad. The Dodgers' 111 wins overall were the most by a team since the 116-win Seattle Mariners in 2001. Despite the record, they were upset by the 89-win San Diego Padres in the Division Series, losing in four games, which meant that the Dodgers did not make the World Series despite 100 wins for the third time in four seasons. Their 111 regular season wins is the most for any team to fail to win a postseason series in the divisional era.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: On September 28, 2021, the Dodgers Spanish language broadcaster since 1959, Jaime Jarrín, announced he would retire after the 2022 season. The Dodgers announced on March 14 several new additions to the broadcast team on SportsNet LA. Former Dodger Eric Karros, Dontrelle Willis, José Mota and Jessica Mendoza would be calling select road and home games as well as participating in the studio show. Another former Dodger Adrián González was hired as an analyst exclusively for the studio team.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: On January 18, 2022, the Dodgers promoted Brandon Gomes to become the team's General Manager, the first time the Dodgers had someone in that position since Farhan Zaidi departed after the 2018 season.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: On November 3, one day after the conclusion of the 2021 World Series, several Dodgers players became free agents: pitchers Danny Duffy, Cole Hamels, Kenley Jansen, Clayton Kershaw, Corey Knebel, Jimmy Nelson and Max Scherzer, first baseman Albert Pujols, shortstop Corey Seager, outfielder Steven Souza Jr. and infielder/outfielder Chris Taylor. On November 5, they outrighted pitchers Scott Alexander and Jimmie Sherfy and infielder Andy Burns, removing them from the 40-man roster. On November 6, they declined the 2022 option on relief pitcher Joe Kelly, making him a free agent. Outfielders Billy McKinney and Zach Reks were designated for assignment on November 19. On November 30, pitcher Andrew Vasquez was non-tendered and became a free agent. Infielder Sheldon Neuse was designated for assignment on December 1, and removed from the 40-man roster. On March 18, outfielder Luke Raley was traded to the Tampa Bay Rays in exchange for minor league pitcher Tanner Dodson. First baseman Matt Beaty was designated for assignment on March 23.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: On November 10, the Dodgers signed pitcher Andrew Heaney to a one-year, $8.5 million, contract. On November 19, the Dodgers added five minor leaguers to the 40-man roster: Pitcher Michael Grove, infielders Jacob Amaya, Eddys Leonard, and Jorbit Vivas and outfielder James Outman. On November 30, the Dodgers signed relief pitcher Daniel Hudson to a one-year contract. On December 1, the Dodgers re-signed Chris Taylor to a four-year contract plus a team option for a fifth year. On March 13, 2022, the Dodgers re-signed Clayton Kershaw on a one-year, $17 million, contract. Pitcher Jimmy Nelson re-signed with the Dodgers for one-year, with a club option, on March 17. Pitcher Danny Duffy re-signed with the Dodgers for a similar one-year with club option deal the following day.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: On March 18, as spring training was beginning, the Dodgers signed All-Star First Baseman Freddie Freeman to a six year, $162 million, contract. The same day, they signed pitcher Tyler Anderson to an $8 million one-year contract. On March 23, they signed infielder Hanser Alberto to a one-year, $1.6 million, contract that included a 2023 option.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: The expiration of the league's collective bargaining agreement (CBA) with the Major League Baseball Players Association occurred on December 1, 2021 with no new agreement in place. As a result, the team owners voted unanimously to lockout the players stopping all free agency and trades.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: Pursuant to the new CBA, several new rules were instituted for the 2022 season. The National League adopted the designated hitter full-time, a draft lottery was implemented, the postseason expanded from ten teams to twelve, and advertising patches appeared on player uniforms and helmets for the first time.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: After the conclusion of the lockout, spring training was scheduled to begin on March 14 at Camelback Ranch in Glendale, Arizona. The Dodgers played a total of 18 games, 15 in the Arizona Cactus League and three Freeway Series games against the Los Angeles Angels.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: During spring training, the Dodgers announced a three-year contract extension with Manager Dave Roberts, carrying him through the 2025 season. On April 1, they made a trade with the Chicago White Sox, acquiring reliever Craig Kimbrel in exchange for outfielder A. J. Pollock.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: The Dodgers began the season with a three-game road series against the Colorado Rockies at Coors Field, the second consecutive season they began in Colorado. Walker Buehler in his first career Opening Day start, allowed two runs on four hits with five strikeouts as the Dodgers won 5–3. The Rockies evened the series the next day with a 3–2 win thanks to a go-ahead homer by Connor Joe in the eighth inning. The Rockies won the final game of the series, 9–4, the first series win over the Dodgers at Coors since the 2018 season. The Dodgers next had a two-game series against the Minnesota Twins at Target Field. Andrew Heaney made his first start as a Dodger and struck out five in innings while the Dodgers offense scored six runs in the eighth inning to win 7–2. In the following game, Clayton Kershaw struck out 13 batters in seven perfect innings before he was removed by Manager Dave Roberts. The Twins got only one hit in the game, on a single off reliever Alex Vesia in the eighth. The Dodgers won 7–0 thanks to four home runs, including three straight in the top of the eighth.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: On April 14, the Dodgers played their home opener against the Cincinnati Reds at Dodger Stadium. Will Smith hit a three-run homer as part of a six run eighth inning that led to a 9–3 win. The Dodgers also won on Jackie Robinson Day, 3–1, as both Trea Turner and Gavin Lux tripled in the game. Julio Urías allowed only one hit while striking out five in five scoreless innings on April 16 while Trea Turner's two run homer put the Dodgers on top and led to a 5–2 win. The Dodgers finished off the sweep of the Reds with a 9–1 win. Heaney struck out 11 and only allowed one hit in six scoreless innings and the Dodgers scored seven runs in the fourth inning to blow the game open. Freddie Freeman homered in his first at-bat against his former team when the Atlanta Braves came to town for a three-game series and the Dodgers won 7–4. The Braves won the next game, 3–1, to snap the seven game winning streak. The Dodgers only got two hits off Max Fried in seven innings. The Dodgers took the final game of the series, 5–1. Tony Gonsolin allowed only one hit in six scoreless innings and Freeman and Edwin Ríos homered in the win.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: The Dodgers began a three-game weekend series with the San Diego Padres at Petco Park on April 22. In the opener, Mookie Betts hit two home runs and Max Muncy hit one as they won 6–1. The Padres won the next day on a walk-off sacrifice fly by Austin Nola in the 10th inning. The Dodgers routed the Padres in the final game of the series, 10–2, as Cody Bellinger hit two home runs. The Dodgers headed to Chase Field for a three game series against the Arizona Diamondbacks. Buehler pitched a complete game shutout, striking out 10 while allowing three hits and no walks. Will Smith homered in the game as the Dodgers won 4–0. The Diamondbacks won the next game, 5–3, thanks to a two-run homer by David Peralta in the eighth. Urías allowed only one run on one hit (a solo homer by Nick Ahmed) in six innings in the series finale, but the Dodgers lost 3–1 thanks to some sloppy defense in the eighth inning. This was the Dodgers first series loss to the Diamondbacks since the 2019 season.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: The Dodgers returned home to play the Detroit Tigers at Dodger Stadium for the first time since 2014. In the first game, Justin Turner and Chris Taylor homered and the Dodgers won 5–1. On April 30, Kershaw struck out Spencer Torkelson to move past Don Sutton to become the Dodgers all-time franchise strikeout leader. However, the Dodgers lost the game 5–1 as the bullpen allowed four runs to score and the offense was silent.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: Walker Buehler struck out five in five scoreless innings and the Dodgers won the final game against the Tigers, 6–3. On May 3, the Dodgers began a quick two game series against the San Francisco Giants. Julio Urías pitched six shutout innings, Chris Taylor doubled in two runs, and the Dodgers won 3–1. They won again the next day, 9–1. Mookie Betts and Max Muncy each hit home runs, and Freddie Freeman added two runs off a triple.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: The Dodgers went back on the road to play the Chicago Cubs at Wrigley Field, beginning with a doubleheader on May 7 as a result of poor weather the previous day. In the opener, Clayton Kershaw pitched seven shutout innings and the Dodgers won 7–0. In the second game, the Dodgers won 6–2 thanks to Betts, who drove in five of the runs on a double and a home run, two of the Dodgers three hits in the game. Buehler struck out six and only allowed one run as the Dodgers finished off the sweep of the Cubs with a 7–1 win on May 8. The Dodgers then traveled to PNC Park for a series with the Pittsburgh Pirates, losing the opener 5–1. The Dodgers got even the next day as Tony Gonsolin pitched five scoreless innings, Justin Turner doubled three times with four RBI. Edwin Ríos homered and they won 11–1. However, the Pirates won the series by taking the next game, 5–3. Ryan Pepiot made his MLB debut as the Dodgers starting pitcher, and was wild with five walks and a hit batter in three innings but did not allow a run. The Pirates hit three homeruns against the Dodgers bullpen, giving them their first series win against Los Angeles since the 2016 season.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: On May 12, the Dodgers returned home to play the Philadelphia Phillies. They fell behind by six runs, rallied to tie the game in the bottom of the eighth only to lose when the Phillies added two more in the ninth, 9–7. The Phillies won again the next day, 12–10 in 10 innings. Urías had the worst start of his career on May 14, allowing career highs in runs (eight) and home runs (four) as the Phillies crushed the Dodgers 8–3, extending the losing streak to four. The Dodgers fell behind again the next game, but came back to win the game on a ninth inning triple by Cody Bellinger followed by a walk-off hit by Gavin Lux for a 5–4 win. Tony Gonsolin allowed two runs in six innings while striking out seven as the Dodgers won the opener of a series with the Arizona Diamondbacks, 5–4. The Dodgers and Diamondbacks played a doubleheader on May 17, the first scheduled one at Dodger Stadium since the 1987 season. The Dodgers won both games, hitting four home runs in a 7–6 win in the first game and taking the second game, 12–3, as Ríos hit a three-run homer. They managed to finish off a four game sweep of the Diamondbacks with a 5–3 win on May 17, with a three-run homer by Justin Turner in the fourth inning the key moment.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: The Dodgers went back on the road on May 20, playing the Phillies at Citizens Bank Park. Urías rebounded from his poor outing in his previous outing to pitch five shutout innings while the Dodgers took the opener, 4–1. Betts had three hits, including a homer and a double as the Dodgers won 7–4 the following day. In the last matchup of the series the next day, Gonsolin struck out seven in six innings and the Dodgers led the entire game until the Phillies tied it in the 9th. An error by Muncy in the bottom of the 10th allowed the tying and winning runs to score and the Phillies won 4–3, ending the Dodgers seven game winning streak. Nextup on the trip were the Washington Nationals at Nationals Park. Tyler Anderson struck out eight in eight scoreless innings and Freddie Freeman had three hits, including two doubles, as the Dodgers won 10–1 to start the series. The Dodgers hit four home runs, including two by Betts, as they beat the Nationals 9–4 the following day. The next day, Urías allowed only one run in six innings, but the Dodgers were held scoreless and lost 1–0, their first shutout loss of the season. Freeman had four hits, including a homer and two doubles, as the Dodgers took the opener of a series against the Diamondbacks at Chase Field, 14–1. The Dodgers hit three more home runs in the next game, a 6–4 victory. Betts had two hits including a home run on May 28, and in the process became the first Dodger batter to score 30 runs in a calendar month since Duke Snider in 1954. The Dodgers won 3–2. The Dodgers completed a four-game sweep of the Diamondbacks with a 3–1 win in the series finale. Will Smith homered in the game.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: The Dodgers returned home on May 30 to play the Pirates. They trailed by four runs after the first three innings, came back to take the lead only to lose 6–5 when Craig Kimbrel blew the save opportunity. The Pirates won again the next day, 5–3 thanks to a two-run homer by Tucupita Marcano.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: The Pirates finished off a sweep of the Dodgers with a 8–4 win on June 1st, the first time the Dodgers had been swept in a three-game series at home since the 2018 season and the first time by the Pirates since the 2000 season. The New York Mets came to town for a four-game weekend series starting on June 2nd. In the opener, Tony Gonsolin allowed only two hits and one walk in six scoreless innings as the Dodgers ended the losing streak with a 2–0 win. Tyler Anderson followed that up with six scoreless innings and only three hits allowed the next day as the Dodgers won 6–1. In the next game, Walker Buehler had the shortest start of his career, recording only seven outs while allowing five runs to score as the Mets (thanks to two homers by Pete Alonso) won 9–4. The Mets won the next game, 5–4, in 10 innings to split the series.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: The Dodgers traveled to Guaranteed Rate Field for a series with the Chicago White Sox. Mitch White allowed only two hits in five scoreless innings but the Dodgers failed to score and the bullpen faltered in a 4–0 loss. The following day, Gonsolin struck out five in six innings while allowing one run and the Dodgers hit three home runs in a 4–1 win. Max Muncy hit a three-run home run and drove in five runs overall in the Dodgers 11–9 win in the series finale. Darin Ruf hit two home runs and Buehler was lost to an injury as the San Francisco Giants beat the Dodgers, 7–2, at Oracle Park. The Giants proceeded to sweep the Dodgers by beating them 3–2 on June 11 and 2–0 on June 12. It was their first series sweep of the Dodgers since the 2016 season.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: The Dodgers returned home on June 14 for a quick two-game series against the Los Angeles Angels. In the first game, Gonsolin allowed only one hit in innings and Mookie Betts homered in a 2–0 win. In the second game, Anderson took a no-hit bid into the ninth inning with 123 pitches and finished with only one hit and one run allowed in innings while Will Smith and Trea Turner homered in the 4–1 win. The Cleveland Guardians came to town for a weekend series and took the opener, 2–1, in 10 innings. Clayton Kershaw allowed five hits and one run in five innings but the Dodgers offense failed to do much on the day. In the next game, Julio Urías allowed only one unearned run in six innings while striking out six and the offense produced for a 7–1 win. Andrew Heaney returned from a lengthy injured list stint to strikeout seven while allowing only one earned run in five innings but the Guardians rallied against the Dodgers bullpen and won 5–3.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: The Dodgers headed to Cincinnati for a three game series at Great American Ballpark against the Reds. In the opener, Gonsolin allowed two runs in five innings and Freddie Freeman and five RBI in a 8–2 win. He homered in each of the next two games as the Dodgers won 8–4 and 10–5 to sweep the series. Next came a series at Truist Park against the Atlanta Braves. Urías struck out nine while only allowing one run in six innings and Trea Turner homered as the Dodgers took the opener, 4–1. The Braves took the next game, 5–3, with a two-run homer by Marcell Ozuna in the eighth making the difference. In the series finale, the Dodgers were trailing 2–0 into the ninth inning, when they rallied to tie the game on a two-run single by Trayce Thompson and then they won the game 5–3 in 11 innings. The Dodger traveled over night to Coors Field for a series with the Colorado Rockies. They forgot to bring the bats and lost the opener, 4–0, managing only three hits against Rockies starter Chad Kuhl who threw a complete game shutout. The Rockies won again, 7–4, the following day and then the Dodgers took the finale, 8–4, with a Freeman homer in the first setting the tone.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: The Dodgers ended the month by beating the San Diego Padres at Dodger Stadium, 3–1, thanks to two home runs by Justin Turner.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: July began with a 5–1 win over the Padres. Tony Gonsolin struck out eight and allowed only one run on four hits in innings. The Dodgers hit three home runs in the first as they took the next game, 7–2. In the series finale, Clayton Kershaw allowed only four hits, and one walk while striking out eight batters in seven scoreless innings, but the Padres rallied to score four runs in the ninth inning to win, 4–2. Next up was a series with the Colorado Rockies beginning on Independence Day. Julio Urías struck out seven in six innings while only allowing one run. The Dodgers went ahead on a three-run home run by Trayce Thompson in the fifth inning and won 5–3 for their 50th win of the season. In the next game, Ryan Pepiot allowed one run while striking out six in five innings to pick up his first major league win in the Dodgers 5–2 victory. In the finale, Mitch White struck out six in innings and the Dodgers win 2–1 on a walk-off hit by Mookie Betts. The Chicago Cubs came to town for the next series and the Dodgers won the first game 5–3 thanks to two home runs by Betts. In the next game, the Dodgers fell behind 3–0 only to rally to tie the game in the ninth and then won in the 10th on a walk-off hit by Will Smith. The Dodgers won again in the following game, 4–2, as Kershaw struck out 10 in innings and Jake Lamb homered. In the final game of the homestand, the Dodgers fell behind to the Cubs 5–0 in the first inning only to comeback and win 11–9, with six runs in the third inning putting them ahead to stay. They swept the season series from the Cubs for the first time in franchise history.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: The Dodgers traveled to play the St. Louis Cardinals at Busch Stadium and saw the seven game winning streak come to an end in a 7–6 loss, despite four hits (including a home run) by Freddie Freeman. In the next game, the Dodgers fell behind 6–0 only to come from behind and win 7–6. The Dodgers took the final game of the series, 4–0, as Tyler Anderson pitched six scoreless innings, Gavin Lux homered and Freeman and Smith each had two hits, including a double. The Dodgers ended the first half of the season with a two-game series against the Los Angeles Angels at Angel Stadium. Kershaw took a perfect game into the eighth inning before giving up a double to Luis Rengifo and finished with just the one baserunner allowed in eight innings while striking out six. Smith had four hits and Justin Turner three as the Dodgers rolled to a 9–1 win. They won again the next day, 7–1. Urías struck out eight in seven innings, and the Dodgers hit four homers (two by Trea Turner) in the win. The Dodgers won their 60th game of the season, as they headed into the all-star break.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: The Dodgers had six players selected for the 2022 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, which was played at Dodger Stadium. Kershaw, Betts and Trea Turner started, Freeman and Gonsolin also appeared in the game and Anderson was selected but did not play.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: After the break, they began a four-game home series against the San Francisco Giants. Mitch White only allowed one hit in five scoreless innings and the Dodgers jumped out to a five run lead only for the Giants to tie it up in the seventh inning on a grand-slam home run by Darin Ruf. However, a three-run homer by Betts in the eighth put the Dodgers back on top for a 9–6 win. Anderson struck out six in six innings without allowing an earned run and Cody Bellinger hit the team's first grand slam of the season as the Dodgers took the next game, 5–1. In the third game, Urías pitched six scoreless innings and Betts, Trea Turner and Freeman all homered as the Dodgers continued their winning streak with a 4–2 victory. The Dodgers finished off the series sweep with a 7–4 win. It was their first four game series sweep of the Giants since the 1995 season. The streak ended at eight games with a 4–1 loss to the Washington Nationals on July 25, which also was Tony Gonsolin's first recorded loss of the season. The Nationals broke open a tied game the following day with a two-run homer by Luis García in the eighth and went on to win 8–3. The Dodgers took the final game of the series, 7–1, scoring six in the first inning to put the game out of reach early.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: The Dodgers went back on the road on July 28 to play the Rockies at Coors Field, winning the opener 13–0. Will Smith and Trayce Thompson homered as the Dodgers won 5–4 the following day. The Rockies came from behind to win the next game, 5–3. The Dodgers ended the month with a 7–3 win over the Rockies. James Outman, in his major league debut, had three hits, including a home run and a double.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: The Dodgers began August with a four-game series against the San Francisco Giants at Oracle Park, winning the opener 8–2. Mookie Betts had three hits, including a home run, as the Dodgers took the next game, 9–5, for their 70th win of the season. Julio Urías pitched six scoreless innings in the next game as the Dodgers shut out the Giants, 3–0, with two of the runs driven in by Miguel Vargas in his major league debut. The Dodgers finished off the series with a 5–3 win and another four game series sweep of the Giants, the first time they had done so in San Francisco since the 1977 season.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: They returned home on August 5 for a series with the San Diego Padres and jumped out with four runs in the first en route to a 8–1 victory. Max Muncy hit a three-run home run to put the Dodgers ahead as they won the next game, 8–3. Cody Bellinger hit two home runs and the Dodgers swept the Padres, 4–0. Urías had another strong start on August 9 in the opener of a two-game series with the Minnesota Twins, striking out eight while only allowing one run in seven innings as the Dodgers won 10–3. The Dodgers extended their winning streak to 10 games and closed out the homestand with a 8–5 win over the Twins. Chris Taylor hit a home run in the sixth inning to put them ahead and then Joey Gallo hit a three-run homer in the seventh to extend the lead.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: The Dodgers next began their next road trip at Kauffman Stadium against the Kansas City Royals. Tony Gonsolin took a no-hitter into the seventh inning, Trayce Thompson homered and the Dodgers kept the streak alive with a 8–3 win. They won again the next day, 13–3, in a game where they hit six home runs. It was the first time the Dodgers had won 12 games in a row since the 1976 season. The streak came to an end the following day when the Royals shut them out 4–0. Next up was a trip to American Family Field for a four game series with the Milwaukee Brewers. Urías and four relievers shut out the Brewers, 4–0, in the first game of the series. The Dodgers hit three home runs in the next game, but lost 5–4, on a walk-off hit by Víctor Caratini off Craig Kimbrel in the 11th inning. Tony Gonsolin struck out eight while only allowing two hits in seven scoreless innings in the following game while Muncy and Austin Barnes homered to account for the Dodgers scoring in a 2–1 win. The Brewers won the final game, 5–3, to split the series.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: Betts had three hits, including a double and triple as the Dodgers won the opening game of the next home stand, 2–1, over the Miami Marlins. Trayce Thompson made a game saving catch on a potential tying home run in the ninth. In the next game, Dustin May made his first start of the year after recovering from Tommy John surgery in May 2021. He struck out nine and only allowed one hit in five scoreless innings while Will Smith got things started witha three-run homer in the first and the Dodgers cruised to a 7–0 victory. The Dodgers finished off the sweep with a 10–3 win. However, they began the next series by being shut out, 4–0, by the Brewers. The Dodgers won the next game, 10–1, as Gonsolin picked up his 16th win of the season, Trea Turner and Freddie Freeman each had three hits and Trayce Thompson homered. In the last game of the series, Andrew Heaney struck out 10 in six innings, Austin Barnes homered and drove in four runs, and the Dodgers won 12–6.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: The Dodgers traveled to LoanDepot Park for a four-game series with the Miami Marlins. Mookie Betts had four hits, including two home runs as they won the opener, 10–6, in 10 innings. Sandy Alcántara allowed only one run while striking out 10 in a complete game, 2–1, victory over the Dodgers in the next game, despite Betts hitting his 30th home run of the season. Betts had three more hits and a home run in the next game, and the Dodgers won 8–1. In the final game of the series, Will Smith hit a two-run home run in the second inning and the Dodgers won 3–2 in 10 innings. Next up was a trip to Citi Field to play the National League East leaders, the New York Mets. Heaney struck out eight in five innings and Gavin Lux drove in three runs in the Dodgers won 4–3 for their 90th victory of the season. They lost the next day, 2–1, as Jacob deGrom allowed only three hits and one run (a Betts homer) in seven innings while striking out nine.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: Clayton Kershaw struck out six and only allowed on run on one hit in five innings but the Mets came from behind against the Dodgers bullpen and won 5–3. It was the first time the Dodgers had dropped back-to-back games in 37 days.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: The Dodgers returned home to play the San Diego Padres on September 2 and were blown out, 7–1. Dustin May gave up three multi-run homers in his five innings and the Dodgers were shutdown by Yu Darvish, who struck out nine in seven innings. The Dodgers responded with four home runs as they routed the Padres 12–1 the following day. Home runs by Will Smith and Trayce Thompson led the Dodgers to a 9–4 win in the series finale. Andrew Heaney struggled in his next start, allowing six runs, on four homers, in innings as the Dodgers lost to the San Francisco Giants, 7–4. Max Muncy hit two home runs and Joey Gallo one as the Dodgers took the next game, 6–3. Kershaw struck out eight in six innings and Muncy hit a three-run homer in the eighth inning as the Dodgers won the series finale, 7–3.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: On September 9, The Dodgers traveled to Petco Park to play the Padres and lost 5–4 in 10 innings. Julio Urías pitched seven innings while only allowing two runs and Freddie Freeman had four hits, including a home run and double, in an 8–4 win the following day. Justin Turner hit two home runs, including a grand slam, as the Dodgers won 11–2 on September 11 and clinched their 10th consecutive trip to the postseason. Next up was a trip to Chase Field to play the Arizona Diamondbacks. Tyler Anderson pitched seven scoreless innings and Mookie Betts homered as the Dodgers shut out the Diamondbacks 6–0. The Dodgers won again the following day, 4–0, to clinch their 20th National League West title and ninth in ten years. Kershaw allowed only two hits in seven innings while Gallo and Freeman homered. It was the earliest the Dodgers had clinched the division since the franchise moved to Los Angeles. The Diamondbacks won the series finale, 5–3, on a walk-off three-run home run by Sergio Alcántara in the 10th inning. Next, they traveled to Oracle Park to face the Giants. Dustin May pitched five hitless innings and the Dodgers shut out the Giants, 5–0. Urías struck out eight in six innings and the Dodgers won 7–2 on September 18 to pick up their 100th win of the season, becoming the fastest team to reach that mark in franchise history (surpassing the 1899 and 1953 teams) and it was the fastest in MLB since the 2001 Mariners. The Dodgers finished off a sweep of the Giants with a 4–3 win in 10 innings. It was their 15th win against the Giants in 2022, the most wins against their rivals in a single season since 1953 and it was their 52nd road victory, setting a new franchise mark (eclipsing the 1952 team).


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: The Dodgers returned home on September 19 to play the Diamondbacks. Kershaw struck out 10 in six innings and Gallo and Chris Taylor homered in the 5–2 win that clinched a first round bye in the playoffs. The Dodgers and Diamondbacks played a scheduled doubleheader on September 20. In the first game, the Diamondbacks took a 5–1 lead early only to see the Dodgers score five runs in the eighth inning to win 6–5. Austin Barnes hit a two-run home run and singles by Smith, Thompson and Miguel Vargas drove in the rest of the runs. The Dodgers committed four errors in the sloppy nightcap, losing 5–2. The offense struggled the next day, managing only three hits in a 6–1 loss. Zac Gallen struck out 13 and heald the Dodgers to two hits and one run through eight innings but they came back against the Diamondbacks bullpen. Betts drove in the winning run on a walk-off single in the bottom of the ninth. TheSt. Louis Cardinals came to town for a three-game series which they started by blowing out the Dodgers 11–0. The Cardinals hit five home runs, including two by Albert Pujols (the 699th and 700th of his career). The Dodgers hit three home runs the following day (including the first career one by Miguel Vargas as they won 6–2. They wrapped up the series with a 4–1 victory over the Cardinals for their 106th victory, matching the franchise record, and becoming the first team ever to win 106 games in three consecutive full-length seasons and clinching the best record in the National League.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: The Dodgers final road trip of the regular season was a three-game trip to San Diego to play the Padres. In the first game, they lost 4–3 when Craig Kimbrel walked Jorge Alfaro with the bases loaded in the 10th inning. In the next game, Urías and four relievers shutout the Padres and the Dodgers won when Freeman drove in the only run of the game on a single in the tenth inning for the Dodgers franchise record 107th win. Vargas had three RBI as the Dodgers finished up their short trip with a 5–2 win.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: The Dodgers returned home to end the regular season with an unusual six-game series against the Colorado Rockies, that was made necessary by the need to make up games postponed because of the pre-season lockout. Kershaw pitched six shutout innings, Cody Bellinger hit a three-run homer, and the Dodgers cruised to a 10–1 win that clinched the best record in all of MLB and homefield advantage throughout the playoffs.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: On October 1st, the Dodgers rallied from three runs down to beat the Rockies 6–4 for their 110th win of the season, the first National League team to reach that mark since the 1909 Pittsburgh Pirates. Mookie Betts also had his 40th double of the season, and along with Freddie Freeman gave the Dodgers two players with 40 or more doubles for the first time since Johnny Frederick and Babe Herman did so for the 1930 Brooklyn Robins. Tyler Anderson struck out 10 in five innings the next day, but the Rockies beat the Dodgers 4–1. The Rockies won again the following day, 2–1, on a ninth inning run scoring single by Michael Toglia and then again, 5–2. In the final game of the regular season, Clayton Kershaw struck out nine in five innings and the Dodgers won 6–1 for their 111th win, the most in the majors since the 2001 Mariners and the most in the National League since the 1906 Cubs.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: The Dodgers opened the postseason by facing the San Diego Padres in the division series. Julio Urías made his first career post-season Game 1 start against Mike Clevinger of the Padres. Trea Turner homered in the first to give the Dodgers an early lead, which they added to quickly, scoring five runs off Clevinger in innings. The Padres came back to score three runs in the fifth inning to tighten the game. It remained scoreless the rest of the way and the Dodgers won the first game, 5–3. Game 2 featured a matchup between Clayton Kershaw of the Dodgers and Yu Darvish of the Padres. Each team scored a run in the first inning on solo homers, by Manny Machado and Freddie Freeman. Max Muncy homered in the second to put the Dodgers up, but the Padres evened the score the following inning on a run scoring double by Machado and went ahead on a run scoring groundout by Jake Cronenworth. Trea Turner hit a home run in the bottom of the inning to tie it back up again. In the sixth, the Padres went ahead on a single by Jurickson Profar after Turner botched a potential inning ending double play opportunity. Jake Cronenworth homered off Blake Treinen in the eighth to extend the lead to two. The Padres bullpen held the lead and they won 5–3 to even up the series.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: Tony Gonsolin started in Game 3, but only lasted innings before being replaced by Andrew Heaney. He allowed four hits and one walk but only one run scored. Trent Grisham hit a solo home run off Heaney to put the Padres up by two.. with the Dodgers getting a run on a Mookie Betts sacrifice fly in the fifth. Both bullpens pitched scoreless innings the rest of the game, with the Dodgers going 0 for 9 with men in scoring position to lose the game 2–1. In the fourth game, Tyler Anderson allowed only two hits in five scoreless innings and the Dodgers took a 3–0 lead on a two-run double by Freeman and a Will Smith sacrifice fly. However, the Padres rallied with a five run seventh inning against the Dodgers bullpen and won the game, 5–3, and the series, 3–1. It was a crushing defeat for the Dodgers after their historic season.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: "Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs; H = Hits; 2B = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; BB = Walks; SO = Strikeouts; SB = Stolen bases; AVG = Batting average; OBP = On-base percentage; SLG = Slugging percentage; OPS = On Base + Slugging"


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: "Note: W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; G = Games pitched; GS = Games started; SV = Saves; IP = Innings pitched; R = Runs allowed; ER = Earned runs allowed; BB = Walks allowed; K = Strikeouts"


title: 2022 Los Angeles Dodgers season

text: The 2022 Draft was held July 17–19, 2022. The Dodgers had their first pick dropped from the first round to the second as a result of being in the highest tier of competitive balance tax during the 2021 season. They also lost their normal second round pick and their fifth round pick as a result of signing free agent Freddie Freeman but gained a fifth round pick for losing Corey Seager to free agency.


title: 2020 United States federal government data breach

text: In 2020, a major cyberattack suspected to have been committed by a group backed by the Russian government penetrated thousands of organizations globally including multiple parts of the United States federal government, leading to a series of data breaches. The cyberattack and data breach were reported to be among the worst cyber-espionage incidents ever suffered by the U.S., due to the sensitivity and high profile of the targets and the long duration (eight to nine months) in which the hackers had access. Within days of its discovery, at least 200 organizations around the world had been reported to be affected by the attack, and some of these may also have suffered data breaches. Affected organizations worldwide included NATO, the U.K. government, the European Parliament, Microsoft and others.


text: The attack, which had gone undetected for months, was first publicly reported on December 13, 2020, and was initially only known to have affected the U.S. Treasury Department and the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), part of the U.S. Department of Commerce. In the following days, more departments and private organizations reported breaches.


text: The cyberattack that led to the breaches began no later than March 2020. The attackers exploited software or credentials from at least three U.S. firms: Microsoft, SolarWinds, and VMware. A supply chain attack on Microsoft cloud services provided one way for the attackers to breach their victims, depending upon whether the victims had bought those services through a reseller. A supply chain attack on SolarWinds's Orion software, widely used in government and industry, provided another avenue, if the victim used that software. Flaws in Microsoft and VMware products allowed the attackers to access emails and other documents, and to perform federated authentication across victim resources via single sign-on infrastructure.


text: In addition to the theft of data, the attack caused costly inconvenience to tens of thousands of SolarWinds customers, who had to check whether they had been breached, and had to take systems offline and begin months-long decontamination procedures as a precaution. U.S. Senator Richard J. Durbin described the cyberattack as tantamount to a declaration of war. President Donald Trump was silent for days after the attack, before suggesting that China, not Russia, might have been responsible for it, and that "everything is well under control".


text: SolarWinds, a Texas-based provider of network monitoring software to the U.S. federal government, had shown several security shortcomings prior to the attack. SolarWinds did not employ a chief information security officer or senior director of cybersecurity. Cybercriminals had been selling access to SolarWinds's infrastructure since at least as early as 2017. SolarWinds had been advising customers to disable antivirus tools before installing SolarWinds software. In November 2019, a security researcher had warned SolarWinds that their FTP server was not secure, warning that "any hacker could upload malicious [files]" that would then be distributed to SolarWinds customers. Furthermore, SolarWinds's Microsoft Office 365 account had been compromised, with the attackers able to access emails and possibly other documents.


text: On December 7, 2020, a few days before trojaned SolarWinds software was publicly confirmed to have been used to attack other organizations, longstanding SolarWinds CEO Kevin Thompson retired. That same day, two private equity firms with ties to SolarWinds's board sold substantial amounts of stock in SolarWinds. The firms denied insider trading.


text: The attackers exploited flaws in Microsoft products, services, and software distribution infrastructure.


text: At least one reseller of Microsoft cloud services was compromised by the attackers, constituting a supply chain attack that allowed the attackers to access Microsoft cloud services used by the reseller's customers.


text: Alongside this, "Zerologon", a vulnerability in the Microsoft authentication protocol NetLogon, allowed attackers to access all valid usernames and passwords in each Microsoft network that they breached. This allowed them to access additional credentials necessary to assume the privileges of any legitimate user of the network, which in turn allowed them to compromise Microsoft Office 365 email accounts.


text: Additionally, a flaw in Microsoft's Outlook Web App may have allowed attackers to bypass multi-factor authentication.


text: Attackers were found to have broken into Microsoft Office 365 in a way that allowed them to monitor NTIA and Treasury staff emails for several months. This attack apparently used counterfeit identity tokens of some kind, allowing the attackers to trick Microsoft's authentication systems. The presence of single sign-on infrastructure increased the viability of the attack.


text: Here, too, the attackers used a supply chain attack. The attackers accessed the build system belonging to the software company SolarWinds, possibly via SolarWinds's Microsoft Office 365 account, which had also been compromised at some point.


text: The attackers established a foothold in SolarWinds's software publishing infrastructure no later than September 2019. In the build system, the attackers surreptitiously modified software updates provided by SolarWinds to users of its network monitoring software Orion. The first known modification, in October 2019, was merely a proof of concept. Once the proof had been established, the attackers spent December 2019 to February 2020 setting up a command-and-control infrastructure.


text: In March 2020, the attackers began to plant remote access tool malware into Orion updates, thereby trojaning them. These users included U.S. government customers in the executive branch, the military, and the intelligence services (see Impact section, below). If a user installed the update, this would execute the malware payload, which would stay dormant for 12–14 days before attempting to communicate with one or more of several command-and-control servers. The communications were designed to mimic legitimate SolarWinds traffic. If able to contact one of those servers, this would alert the attackers of a successful malware deployment and offer the attackers a back door that the attackers could choose to utilise if they wished to exploit the system further. The malware started to contact command-and-control servers in April 2020, initially from North America and Europe and subsequently from other continents too.


text: The attackers appear to have utilized only a small fraction of the successful malware deployments: ones located within computer networks belonging to high-value targets. Once inside the target networks, the attackers pivoted, installing exploitation tools such as Cobalt strike components, and seeking additional access. Because Orion was connected to customers' Office 365 accounts as a trusted 3rd-party application, the attackers were able to access emails and other confidential documents. This access apparently helped them to hunt for certificates that would let them sign SAML tokens, allowing them to masquerade as legitimate users to additional on-premises services and to cloud services like Microsoft Azure Active Directory. Once these additional footholds had been obtained, disabling the compromised Orion software would no longer be sufficient to sever the attackers' access to the target network. Having accessed data of interest, they encrypted and exfiltrated it.


text: The attackers hosted their command-and-control servers on commercial cloud services from Amazon, Microsoft, GoDaddy and others. By using command-and-control IP addresses based in the U.S., and because much of the malware involved was new, the attackers were able to evade detection by Einstein, a national cybersecurity system operated by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS).


text: FBI investigators recently found that a separate flaw in software made by SolarWinds Corp was used by hackers tied to another foreign government to help break into U.S. government computers.


text: Vulnerabilities in VMware Access and VMware Identity Manager, allowing existing network intruders to pivot and gain persistence, were utilized in 2020 by Russian state-sponsored attackers. As of December 18, 2020, while it was definitively known that the SUNBURST trojan would have provided suitable access to exploit the VMware bugs, it was not yet definitively known whether attackers had in fact chained those two exploits in the wild.


text: During 2019 and 2020, cybersecurity firm Volexity discovered an attacker making suspicious usage of Microsoft products within the network of a think tank whose identity has not publicly been revealed. The attacker exploited a vulnerability in the organization's Microsoft Exchange Control Panel, and used a novel method to bypass multi-factor authentication. Later, in June and July 2020, Volexity observed the attacker utilising the SolarWinds Orion trojan; i.e. the attacker used Microsoft vulnerabilities (initially) and SolarWinds supply chain attacks (later on) to achieve their goals. Volexity said it was not able to identify the attacker.


text: Also in 2020, Microsoft detected attackers using Microsoft Azure infrastructure in an attempt to access emails belonging to CrowdStrike. That attack failed because - for security reasons - CrowdStrike does not use Office 365 for email.


text: Separately, in or shortly before October 2020, Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center reported that an apparently state-sponsored attacker had been observed exploiting zerologon, a vulnerability in Microsoft's NetLogon protocol. This was reported to CISA, who issued an alert on October 22, 2020, specifically warning state, local, territorial and tribal governments to search for indicators of compromise, and instructing them to rebuild their networks from scratch if compromised. Using VirusTotal, "The Intercept" discovered continued indicators of compromise in December 2020, suggesting that the attacker might still be active in the network of the city government of Austin, Texas.


text: On December 8, 2020, the cybersecurity firm FireEye announced that red team tools had been stolen from it by what it believed to be a state-sponsored attacker. FireEye was believed to be a target of the SVR, Russia's Foreign Intelligence Service. FireEye says that it discovered the SolarWinds supply chain attack in the course of investigating FireEye's own breach and tool theft.


text: After discovering that attack, FireEye reported it to the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA), a federal agency responsible for helping to defend the U.S. from cyberattacks. The NSA is not known to have been aware of the attack before being notified by FireEye. The NSA uses SolarWinds software itself.


text: Some days later, on December 13, when breaches at the Treasury and Department of Commerce were publicly confirmed to exist, sources said that the FireEye breach was related. On December 15, FireEye confirmed that the vector used to attack the Treasury and other government departments was the same one that had been used to attack FireEye: a trojaned software update for SolarWinds Orion.


text: The security community shifted its attention to Orion. The infected versions were found to be "2019.4" through "2020.2.1 HF1", released between March 2020 and June 2020. FireEye named the malware SUNBURST. Microsoft called it Solorigate. The tool that the attackers used to insert SUNBURST into Orion updates was later isolated by cybersecurity firm CrowdStrike, who called it SUNSPOT.


text: Subsequent analysis of the SolarWinds compromise using DNS data and reverse engineering of Orion binaries, by DomainTools and ReversingLabs respectively, revealed additional details about the attacker's timeline.


text: July 2021 analysis published by the Google Threat Analysis Group found that a "likely Russian government-backed actor" exploited a zero-day vulnerability in fully-updated iPhones to steal authentication credentials by sending messages to government officials on LinkedIn.


text: Some time before December 3, 2020, the NSA discovered and notified VMware of vulnerabilities in VMware Access and VMware Identity Manager. VMware released patches on December 3, 2020. On December 7, 2020, the NSA published an advisory warning customers to apply the patches because the vulnerabilities were being actively exploited by Russian state-sponsored attackers.


text: SolarWinds said it believed the malware insertion into Orion was performed by a foreign nation. Russian-sponsored hackers were suspected to be responsible. U.S. officials stated that the specific groups responsible were probably the SVR or Cozy Bear (also known as APT29). FireEye gave the suspects the placeholder name "UNC2452"; incident response firm Volexity called them "Dark Halo". On December 23, 2020, the CEO of FireEye said Russia was the most likely culprit and the attacks were "very consistent" with the SVR. One security researcher offers the likely operational date, February 27, 2020, with a significant change of aspect on October 30, 2020.


text: In January 2021, cybersecurity firm Kaspersky said SUNBURST resembles the malware Kazuar, which is believed to have been created by Turla, a group known from 2008 that Estonian intelligence previously linked to the Russian federal security service, FSB.


text: On October 22, 2020, CISA and the FBI identified the Microsoft zerologon attacker as Berserk Bear, a state-sponsored group believed to be part of Russia's FSB.


text: On December 18, U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said Russia was "pretty clearly" responsible for the cyber attack.


text: On December 19, U.S. president Donald Trump publicly addressed the attacks for the first time, downplaying its severity and suggesting without evidence that China, rather than Russia, might be responsible. The same day, Republican senator Marco Rubio, acting chair of the Senate Intelligence Committee, said it was "increasingly clear that Russian intelligence conducted the gravest cyber intrusion in our history."


text: On December 20, Democratic senator Mark Warner, briefed on the incident by intelligence officials, said "all indications point to Russia."


text: On December 21, 2020, former Attorney General William Barr said that he agreed with Pompeo's assessment of the origin of the cyberhack and that it "certainly appears to be the Russians," contradicting Trump.


text: On January 5, 2021, CISA, the FBI, the NSA, and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, all confirmed that they believe Russia was the most likely culprit. On June 10, 2021, FBI Director Christopher Wray attributed the attack to Russia's SVR specifically.


text: The Chinese foreign ministry said in a statement, "China resolutely opposes and combats any form of cyberattacks and cyber theft."


text: SolarWinds said that of its 300,000 customers, 33,000 use Orion. Of these, around 18,000 government and private users downloaded compromised versions.


text: Discovery of the breaches at the U.S. Treasury and Commerce Departments immediately raised concerns that the attackers would attempt to breach other departments, or had already done so. Further investigation proved these concerns to be well-founded. Within days, additional federal departments were found to have been breached. Reuters quoted an anonymous U.S. government source as saying: “This is a much bigger story than one single agency. This is a huge cyber espionage campaign targeting the U.S. government and its interests.”


text: Compromised versions were known to have been downloaded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Justice Department, and some utility companies. Other prominent U.S. organisations known to use SolarWinds products, though not necessarily Orion, were the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Boeing, and most Fortune 500 companies. Outside the U.S., reported SolarWinds clients included parts of the British government, including the Home Office, National Health Service, and signals intelligence agencies; the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO); the European Parliament; and likely AstraZeneca. FireEye said that additional government, consulting, technology, telecom and extractive entities in North America, Europe, Asia and the Middle East may also have been affected.


text: Through a manipulation of software keys, the hackers were able to access the email systems used by the Treasury Department's highest-ranking officials. This system, although unclassified, is highly sensitive because of the Treasury Department's role in making decisions that move the market, as well as decisions on economic sanctions and interactions with the Federal Reserve.


text: Simply downloading a compromised version of Orion was not necessarily sufficient to result in a data breach; further investigation was required in each case to establish whether a breach resulted. These investigations were complicated by: the fact that the attackers had in some cases removed evidence; the need to maintain separate secure networks as organizations' main networks were assumed to be compromised; and the fact that Orion was itself a network monitoring tool, without which users had less visibility of their networks. As of mid-December 2020, those investigations were ongoing.


text: As of mid-December 2020, U.S. officials were still investigating what was stolen in the cases where breaches had occurred, and trying to determine how it could be used. Commentators said that the information stolen in the attack would increase the perpetrator's influence for years to come. Possible future uses could include attacks on hard targets like the CIA and NSA, or using blackmail to recruit spies. Cyberconflict professor Thomas Rid said the stolen data would have myriad uses. He added that the amount of data taken was likely to be many times greater than during Moonlight Maze, and if printed would form a stack far taller than the Washington Monument.