title: Target audience

text: The marketing mix is the combination of what are commonly called the '4 Ps'. These are price, place (distribution), product and promotion, in no particular order. The target market, defined by the market segmentation, requires a unique set of the 4 Ps to have the product or service effectively and efficiently marketed to it. For example, the marketing of a new women's perfume would require the segmentation of the market to focus almost exclusively on the female portion of the market, but would also have to consider the 4 Ps before it was determined. In the terms of perfume, this may include the price bracket of the product, where it was to be sold, the quality and aroma of the product, and how it was to be promoted. With all these considered, the product can be efficiently marketed. Therefore, the combination of the target market with the marketing mix is crucial to the success of the product or service.


title: Target audience

text: A business must identify and understand its target audience if their marketing campaign is to be successful. It allows the business to craft their products or services to the wants and needs of customers, in order to maximise sales and therefore revenue. A successful marketing campaign connects with consumers on a personal dB level, which will help the business to develop long-term relationships with customers (Sherlock, 2014).


title: Target audience

text: Not all consumers are the same. Determining the target audience is key to reaching the loyal and high-profit customers, in order to ensure a return on investment (Cahill, 1997, p. 10-11). To effectively determine the brand's target audience, marketing managers should consider the three main general aspects of target audience grouping: demographics, psychographics and consumer lifestyle (Percy, Rossiter, & Elliott, 2001, p. 65).


title: Target audience

text: To determine the target audience, the business must first identify what problem their product or service solves, or what need or want it fulfills (Sherlock, 2014). The problem must be one that consumers are aware of and thus will be interested in solving. For example, a problem could be a lack of cheap air-conditioning units on the market. If a business enters the air-conditioning unit market selling their units at a low price, consumers who couldn't afford the other air-conditioning units will see this as a solution to the problem and will purchase the new units. The problem that the business solves can be identified by searching for similar businesses or business ideas. If the search is unsuccessful, then there remains a problem that the business can solve (Sherlock, 2014).


title: Target audience

text: The business must determine what kind of people are facing the problem they identified. This is based on consumer demographic, psychographic, geographic information and behavior (Sherlock, 2014).


title: Target audience

text: Demographic information involves statistical aspects of consumers such as gender, ethnicity, income, qualification and marital status (Sharma 2015). Demographic information is important to the business because it gives a basic background of the customers the business is intending to aim its marketing campaign at. This helps them to judge on a basic level how to communicate effectively with who they have identified as the target audience. Demographics are key because they provide the foundation of who the business will be targeting (Sherlock, 2014). Demographics is statistical information that does not require in-depth analysis to provide an answer, thus a business would use quantitative methods of data collection. This tiny method will provide a statistical approach to identifying the target audience.


title: Target audience

text: Psychographics is the use of sociological, psychological and anthropological factors, as well as consumer behavior, style of living and self-concept to determine how different market segment groups make decisions about a philosophy, person or product (Weinstein, 2014). Psychographic information can be utilized by the business to gain a deeper understanding of the consumer groups they intend to target, by analyzing the more intimate details of the consumer's lifestyle and thinking processes so as to gain an understanding of their preferences. Things like financials, interests, hobbies, and lifestyle will all be filtered by the business to create a target audience that will, in theory, be open to the product and will connect with the business through a marketing campaign aimed at them (Dowhan, 2013).


title: Target audience

text: Consumer behavior is the purchase decision process, what influences their purchase decision, what purposes they use the purchased good for, and their responses and attitudes to the product (Cheng et al., 2015). Cheng et al. explains that consumer's behavior is affected by messages sent by the business, which in turn affects their attitudes towards brands and products, and ultimately what products they choose to purchase (Cheng et al., 2015). When determining their target audience, a business must examine consumer behavior trends. Behavioral trends could include online purchasing instead of in-store purchasing, or modern consumers purchasing a new smartphone annually. They should then select a segment of consumers whose behavior aligns with the functionality and purpose of the product to be the intended audience for a marketing campaign. Target consumers can be identified by businesses as they will indicate that there is a demand for the product by their behavioral signals (Dowhan, 2013). Their interests, hobbies and past purchase activity provide a platform on which the business can base their marketing campaign (Dowhan, 2013).


title: Target audience

text: Geographic information is essentially where the customer is located and is vital to the business when they are determining their target audience. This is because customers located in different geographic areas are going to encounter different things that influence their purchase decisions (Kahie, 1986). These can be any number of things, including resources, cultures, and climates, which can cause their behavior, psychographic information and influences to differ with those who are in same demographic but are geographically distant (Kahie, 1986). For example, a city or area with a heavy drinking culture will encounter high liquor sales, whereas a city or area with a minimal drinking culture will experience low liquor sales. Each country has consumers of the same demographic, but due to the cultural influence of the geographical area, their purchase decisions are different.


title: Target audience

text: A basic example of a consumer profile is: males aged 35–40 who live in the US and have a university-level education (demographic), are a sociable extrovert from a top-middle economic class and live an active lifestyle (psychographic), lives in Nashville, Tennessee (geographic) and makes small and frequent purchases without considering the product's brand (behavioural). This profile will allow the business to tailor their marketing campaign to attract specific consumers.


title: Target audience

text: There are many methods of demographic, psychographic, geographic and behavioral data collection. There are quantitative methods, being statistical processes such as surveys and questionnaires, and qualitative methods, being in-depth approaches such as focus groups or comprehensive interviews (Dudley et al. 2014). The different aspects of consumers are all essential to a business when it is planning a marketing campaign, as the information that the business gathers will determine what the most profitable target market for the campaign is, and how to reach this market.


title: Target audience

text: The business must also look to their competitors to see what processes they are currently taking to try and solve the problem, and which consumers they are targeting (Sherlock, 2014). This will allow the business to get an idea of the type of consumer they will be targeting, and what the best way is to communicate with this type of consumer. This information can be used to allow the business to differentiate slightly from the competition in order to give them a competitive advantage once the marketing campaign begins.


title: Target audience

text: Once the target audience has been identified, the business must then create content for the campaign that will resonate and effectively communicate with the consumer (Sherlock, 2014). Tracie Sherlock emphasizes that the level of content with which the business will be reaching the consumer should be of high quality, as 92% of marketers specify that high-level content is valuable for a campaign (Sherlock, 2014). This high level of content will help consumers to connect on a more personal level with the business and contribute to a successful communication process from the business to the target audience and then feedback from the target audience to the business.


title: Target audience

text: Once the business has gathered data from consumers about their demographic, psychographic, geographic and behavioral situations, they can analyze this and use it to identify a rough target audience. This can be refined by the analysis of competitors' processes and targets, allowing the business to formulate a more segmented target audience. Then the segmented target audience can be refined into a clear objective of which consumers the business is targeting, thus creating the specific target audience for a marketing campaign.


title: Target audience

text: A lifestyle is defined as "a person's pattern of behavior" which is closely related to a consumer's personality and values (Hoyer, Macinnis, & Pieters, 2013, p. 401). The lifestyle of a customer is often determined by purchasing behavior and product preference (Lin, 2002, p. 250). This gives marketers an understanding of what type of lifestyle consumers live. A lifestyle is defined with three main sections: activities, interests, and opinions (AIO). If a marketer can conduct lifestyle research through previous purchasing behavior it gives an excellent understanding of AIOs enabling target audiences to be effectively determined (Hoyer, Macinnis, & Pieters, 2013, p. 401-403).


title: Target audience

text: Two key marketing terms are target audience and target market. Distinguishing the correct target market(s) and defining a target audience is a crucial step when owning a business. Although the two are very similar, it is essential to understand the differences.


title: Target audience

text: A target audience is generally associated with a business's marketing message, which highlights advantages and benefits of a business's product or service. Examples of a target audience are "company employees, society as a whole, media officials, or a variety of other groups" (Tambien, E., n.d.). Tom Duncan, author of "The Principles of Advertising and IMC," and founder of the Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) graduate program at the University of Colorado, defines target audience as "a group that has significant potential to respond positively to a brand message" (Northwestern University., n.d.) (Duncan, T., 2005). This 'group' is targeted through particular marketing communication channels such as advertising, which aim to create a positive interaction towards the brand (Tyson, R., 2014). If this is successful, the audience will play a huge role in influencing other potential customers to purchase the product or service. An example of this is when a child, part of a target audience, is positively reached through a communication channel such as a TV advertisement for toys. The child then shares this information with their parent, the target market, who will be influenced to go purchase the toy.


title: Target audience

text: A target market is a selected group of consumers who share common needs or characteristics. Often these characteristics can be segmented into four different marketing groups, geographic, demographic, psychographic or behavioral (Kotler, P., Burton, S., Deans, K., Brown, L., & Armstrong, G., 2013). Once a company has defined their target market, they will aim their products, services and marketing activities towards these consumers in a way that will hopefully persuade them to purchase the product or service (Kotler, et al., 2013). The impact of this will result in either a gratifying or deficient marketing strategy.


title: Target audience

text: Reaching a target audience is a staged process, started by the selection of the sector of the target market. A successful appeal to a target audience requires a detailed media plan, which involves many factors in order to achieve an effective campaign.


title: Target audience

text: The use of media is what differentiates target markets from target audiences. While target markets are marketed to with business strategies, the use of advertising and other media tools is what makes marketing to target audiences a more effective way of appealing to a select group of individuals. The effectiveness of a target audience campaign is dependent on how well the company knows their market; this can include details such as behaviours, incentives, cultural differences and societal expectations. Failure to identify these trends can lead to campaigns being targeted at the wrong audiences, and ultimately a loss of money or no change at all. An example of this type of failure was Chef Boyardee, who planned a campaign to appeal to teenage boys, the largest consumers of their product. What they hadn't considered however was that the purchasers of their goods may be different from the consumers, which was the case, as mothers were the leading purchasers, even though the boys were consuming the product. Factors like these are considered at a more in-depth level with a detailed media plan, one that cannot be found in a simpler target market strategy. Following through a media plan requires attention at every stage, and requires a range of factors to be considered. In order, these include:


title: Target audience

text: Each of these sections goes into even more detail, such as media units, which includes such minute details as the length of a broadcast commercial or the size of a print advertisement.


title: Target audience

text: A thoroughly followed, planned and implemented media plan is required to achieve outright success in a campaign. Therefore, ignoring any of the factors can lead to a miscommunication with consumers and ultimately a failure to fully reach the whole target audience effectively.


title: Target audience

text: Effective marketing consists of identifying the appropriate target audience, and being able to appoint the correct marketing strategy in order to reach and influence them. Four key targeting strategies largely used within businesses are; undifferentiated (mass) marketing, differentiated (segmented) marketing, concentrated (niche) marketing, and lastly micro (local or individual) marketing (Kotler, et al., 2013).


title: Target audience

text: Undifferentiated (mass) marketing is a strategy used to capture a whole audience, rather than focusing on the differences in segmented markets. A business will typically design one product line and focus on what consumer demands are most frequent, in order to create a marketing program that will appeal to the greatest amount of purchases. This strategy commonly uses mass distribution and advertising to help create an admirable product and is possibly one of the most cost effective. The narrow product line, undifferentiated advertising program and absence of segmented market research and planning, all contribute to keeping the costs down. Many do not believe in this strategy, due to the high amount of competition and the difficulty in creating a product that satisfies a majority of consumers (Kotler, et al., 2013).


title: Target audience

text: A differentiated (segmented) marketing strategy is when a business chooses to target multiple segments of the audience, by creating a different variations of its product for each. An example of this is V energy drinks who offer a large range of products including; V regular, V sugar free, V zero, V double espresso (V-Energy.,n.d.). Typically when using this marketing strategy, recognition of the company is widened and repeat purchasing is strengthened, with customers gaining products that are more tailored to their needs. This strategy unfortunately is not cost effective and involves a lot of research and development, as well as a whole range of promotion that is unique to each specific product. Although this strategy often has more sales than those who use an undifferentiated marketing strategy. When considering this strategy one must consider the increased sales against the increased cost (Kotler, et al., 2013).


title: Target audience

text: Concentrated (niche) marketing is a "market coverage strategy in which a company goes after a large share of one or a few sub-markets (Kotler, et al., 2013)." This strategy enables companies to create a strong market position without mass production, distribution or advertising. This strategy is usually beneficial as it does not involve a lot of competition. A business is able to gain greater knowledge of their distinct segment, as they are more focused on the segmentations needs and reputation that it acquires. Many businesses using this strategy are now turning to the web to set up their shop, not only because it is cost effective but allows them to become more recognisable (Kotler, et al., 2013).


title: Target audience

text: A micro-marketing strategy (local or individual) targets very narrowly compared to an undifferentiated marketing strategy. Generally a business using this strategy will adjust its product, and marketing program to fit the needs of different market segments and niches. A good example of this is shown in the real-estate industry whose goal is often to determine what type of house the client is looking for. Micro-marketing includes both local and individual marketing. Often this strategy can be costly, due to the customization and shortage of an economy of scale (Kotler, et al., 2013).


title: Target audience

text: Local marketing is "tailoring brands and promotions to the needs and wants of the local customer groups, cities, neighborhoods and even specific stores (Kotler, et al., 2013)." This type of marketing does have difficulties especially when it comes to manufacturing and marketing costs, meeting the mixed requirements for each market location and brand image familiarity. New developing technologies and fragmented markets regularly exceed these obstacles (Kotler, et al., 2013).


title: Target audience

text: Individual marketing refers to accommodating merchandise and marketing programs, to the desired demands of individual customers. An example of this is Coca-Cola, who enables customers to personalise their Coke cans by being able to print their name or choice of text onto the can packaging (Coca-Cola., n.d.). Despite the extra costs for the business, allowing customer to design and create a product they desire to suit their own needs, can create value and loyalty towards the business. It is also a way the business can stand out against its competitors (Kotler, et al., 2013).


title: Target audience

text: Marketers have outlined four basic strategies to satisfy target markets: undifferentiated marketing or mass marketing, differentiated marketing, concentrated marketing, and micromarketing/ nichemarketing.


title: Target audience

text: Mass marketing is a market coverage strategy in which a firm decides to ignore market segment differences and go after the whole market with one offer. It is type of marketing (or attempting to sell through persuasion) of a product to a wide audience. The idea is to broadcast a message that will reach the largest number of people possible. Traditionally mass marketing has focused on radio, television and newspapers as the medium used to reach this broad audience.


title: Target audience

text: For sales teams, one way to reach out to target markets is through direct marketing. This is done by buying consumer database based on the segmentation profiles you have defined. These database usually comes with consumer contacts (e.g. email, mobile no., home no., etc.). Caution is recommended when undertaking direct marketing efforts — check the targeted country's direct marketing laws.


title: Target audience

text: Target audiences are formed from different groups, for example: adults, teens, children, mid-teens, preschoolers, men, or women.


title: Target audience

text: To market to any given audience effectively, it is essential to become familiar with your target market; their habits, behaviors, likes, and dislikes. Markets differ in size, assortment, geographic scale, locality, types of communities, and in the different types of merchandise sold. Because of the many variations included in a market it is essential, since you cannot accommodate everyone's preferences, to know exactly who you are marketing to.


title: Target audience

text: To better become acquainted with the ins and outs of your designated target market legend, a market analysis must be completed. A market analysis is a documented examination of a market that is used to enlighten a business's preparation activities surrounding decisions of inventory, purchase, workforce expansion/contraction, facility expansion, purchases of capital equipment, promotional activities, improvement of daily operations and many other aspects.


title: Target audience

text: Marketing organisations undertaking a strategic plan need to use target marketing in their decisions (Dibb & Simkin 1998). Target marketing is also part of the segmentation process, where groups who share the same needs and wants are segmented into specific categories. According to Dibb and Simkin, (1998) the final process of target marketing is the design of marketing mix programme. The marketing mix tools are made up of four broad groups known as the 4 Ps: product, price, place, and promotion (Kotler et al., 2014). The use of the marketing mix programme will provide sufficient data and knowledge for appropriate marketing strategies to reach the specific target audience. Target marketing strategy can be segmentation: Market segmentation demonstrates dividing the market into distinct groups that may require different products or services (Kotler et al., 2014). Using the strategy of market segmentation can allow the marketer to have sufficient knowledge of the consumer's characteristics. Knowledge of consumers' demographic, geographic, psychographic and behavioral variables can enable relevant marketing processes to reach the target audience directly.


title: Target audience

text: Geographic segmentation is the marketer's appealing to particular geographic areas such as nations, regions, countries, cities or neighborhoods (Kotler et al., 2014). Particular knowledge of geographic preferences allows businesses and organisations to modify or change their product to allocate to their market, (Kotler et al., 2014).


title: Target audience

text: This divides the market into demographic field such as age, life cycle, gender, income, occupation, education, religion, and nationality (Kotler et al., 2014). Some companies offer different products and market strategies to allocate to various age and life cycles, other companies focus on specific age of life cycle groups. Kotler et al., (2014) states an example, Disney cruise lines primarily focus on families with children large or small, and most destinations offer children and parent orientated activities. This shows that the Disney cruise line company has a specific segment of their target market being families with children.


title: Target audience

text: Customers may be sorted based on social class, lifestyle, or personality characteristics (Kotler et al., 2014). According to Kotler et al., (2014) people who in the same demographic area can have completely different psychographic characteristics. Marketers generally segment target markets into consumer lifestyles and their social class. Social class has a large effect on preferences for cars, clothes, home furnishings, leisure activities, reading habits, and retailers (Kotler et al., 2014).


title: Target audience

text: Consumers are divided by their knowledge, attitudes, and use of, or response to, the product (Kotler et al., 2014). Marketers can group buyers according to the occasion when they made the purchase or used the product. For example, Kotler et al. (2014) suggests that air travel is generated by occasions relative to business, vacation, or family. Another way marketers can group buyers using behavioral variables is user status and usage rate. They can be segmented into nonusers, former users, potential users, first-time users and regular users of a product, (Kotler et al., 2014). Usage rate is the segmentation into light, medium and heavy product users. According to Kotler, et al., (2014) heavy product users are usually a small percentage of the market but account for a high percentage of total consumption. Loyalty status can prove to be very significant to a marketer's product or service. Kotler et al., (2014) expresses, a reason for increasing customer loyalty is that "loyal customers are pricing insensitive compared to brand-shifting ideas."


title: Target audience

text: To understand the effects of marketing on audience improvement, the basic marketing principles need to be outlined, and the role that marketing strategies play in building a target audience examined. According to, Galvin (1998), marketing is considered to be as simple as selling or promoting a product or service to a client, customer or consumer who is in need of the distinct product. It is also the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual customer and organisations (Galvin, 1998). As well as segmentation, the marketing mix is a significant marketing strategy to pinpoint the target audience and further market appropriately to that audience. The marketing mix involves designing the packaging, pricing of the product, distributing of the product, and promoting or communicating about the product (Galvin, 1998). These processes are known as the 4 Ps. The market strategy and the marketing mix allow room to create value for customers and build profitable customer relationships (Kotler et al., 2014). These customer relationships can create an idea of exactly what target audience applies to the specific product, if few or more consumers have similar characteristics and purchase the product regularly for similar behavioral reasons therefore the target audience may fit within that category.


title: Target audience

text: Direct marketing is targeting individual consumers to both obtain an immediate response and cultivate lasting consumer relationships, (Kotler et al., 2014). According to Evans, O'Malley and Patterson, (1995) the direct marketing industry has been the fastest growing sector of marketing communications. There are multiple forms of direct marketing such as direct mail, the telephone, direct-response television, e-mail, the Internet and other tools to connect with specific consumers (Kotler et al., 2014). Evans, O'Malley and Patterson (1995) and Kotler et al. (2014) also consider leaflet drops and samples to be a form of direct marketing. Using these direct forms of communication, customers of the product or service will receive personal, efficient and easily accessed information on the product. This could influence the customer to purchase the product or service. This is arguably the most straightforward and direct process for reaching the appropriate target audience (Evans, O'Malley & Patterson, 1995).


title: Target audience

text: Marketing communications channels have undergone huge changes, shifting away from traditional mass-market type advertisements such as television and radio. This is due to advancements in technology and the Internet era developing brand new communication channels such as web advertising, social media and blogs (Bruhn, Schoenmueller, & Schäfer, 2012, p. 770-772 ). Many businesses such as Coca-Cola are engaging with their target audience through these modern media channels, opening up a two-way communication from brand to consumer and consumer to brand. This approach generates the brand's following through social media vehicles, which are increasingly where consumers find brand content and information. By increasing engagement with target audiences, businesses have the opportunity to increase brand equity through both traditional media and social media (Bruhn, Schoenmueller, & Schäfer, 2012, p. 781-782).


title: Target audience

text: Traditional media vehicles such as television, radio and press have been utilised by marketers for many years but have limitations when trying to reach an individual target audience. The advantage traditional media gives businesses is the ability to reach a huge audience. This type of marketing is commonly known as mass marketing and accounted for 70% of media spending in 2013 (Hoyer, Macinnis, & Pieters, 2013, p. 118-120). These media vehicles are better suited to a brand's attempt to stay relevant or build brand awareness in the mass market it communicates with (Bruhn, Schoenmueller, & Schäfer, 2012, p. 781-782). Although traditional media is effective in generating brand awareness, in today's market more and more consumers are online, engaged in more than one media channel at a time. Traditional media cannot target this consumer effectively where an omni-channel marketing approach is needed (Brynjolfsson, 2013). Traditional media is considered expensive for smaller businesses with limited ability to market to the intended target audience; this mass marketing approach serves the message market widely rather than deeply with the intended audience (Bruhn, Schoenmueller, & Schäfer, 2012, p. 781-782 ). To reach today's target audience effectively, traditional media such as television advertisements must be implemented in an integrated marketing communications campaign rather than the sole media vehicle to deliver a brand's message (Hoyer, Macinnis, & Pieters, 2013, p. 3-7)


title: Target audience

text: Marketers can use online media to better reach their target audience. Once marketers understand the segments of their target market they can generate a marketing message suitable for the intended target audience. Communicating to consumers through tools such as web banners, social media and email, allows direct targeting to the consumer. This serves up a custom message to a consumer who is already engaged and interested in the offering. An example of this is remarketing, which allows advertisers to see a consumer's web history, tracking them online to see exactly which websites they have visited. The marketer then has a second chance to show the consumer a related product from a previously-visited website, which the consumer had turned down earlier (Libert, Grande, & Asch, 2015).


title: Target audience

text: Social media such as Twitter, Snapchat discover, Instagram, YouTube and Facebook allow two-way communication between the business and consumer which cannot be achieved by traditional media. This communication benefits both the business using social media as a tool and the consumer, as they can build meaningful relationships with the business and other consumers, creating a community around the brand. This community can provide new insights for the business, identifying problems and offering solutions through social interactions (Tsimonis & Dimitriadis, 2014, p. 328-330). When businesses have a successful social platform which generates an interactive community around a brand, it enables better relationship building, which improves the brand's image and consumer-based brand equity (Bruhn, Schoenmueller, & Schäfer, 2012, p. 781-782).


title: Target audience

text: Marketers can also use online media to target preexisting communities by introducing key leaders within those communities to their product or service, in the hope that they will in turn introduce their followers to the product.


title: Target audience

text: The role that social influence and persuasion play has a sizable emphasis on target audience, and how the message is developed into society. How these messages are conveyed to the target audience, plays a key role tailored to the target audience to trigger deep or shallow processing, from using the best path to persuasion. The target audience analysis process requires a tremendous amount of work, to identify the characteristics of the broad target audience, refining this audience on several dimensions. The specific conformity of the target audience to the desired supporting psychological operations objective is the product of assiduous work, mainly of the target audience analysis phase of influence process, this validates the importance of this role to the overall operation enabling decision makers, to gain substantial objectives in the information environment (Topolniski, 2013).


title: HiSilicon

text: HiSilicon () is a Chinese fabless semiconductor company based in Shenzhen, Guangdong and wholly owned by Huawei. HiSilicon purchases licenses for CPU designs from ARM Holdings, including the ARM Cortex-A9 MPCore, ARM Cortex-M3, ARM Cortex-A7 MPCore, ARM Cortex-A15 MPCore, ARM Cortex-A53, ARM Cortex-A57 and also for their Mali graphics cores. HiSilicon has also purchased licenses from Vivante Corporation for their GC4000 graphics core.


title: HiSilicon

text: HiSilicon is reputed to be the largest domestic designer of integrated circuits in China. In 2020, the U.S. instituted rules that require American firms providing certain equipment to HiSilicon or non-American firms who use American technologies that supply HiSilicon to have licenses and Huawei announced it will stop producing its Kirin chipset from 15 September 2020, onwards. HiSilicon has since been overtaken by Chinese rival UNISOC in terms of mobile processor market share.


title: HiSilicon

text: HiSilicon (Shanghai) Technologies CO., Ltd is a fabless semiconductor and IC design company, providing comprehensive connectivity and multimedia chipset solutions to the market. The company also paves the way for innovations in networking and ultra-HD video technologies. Its chipset solutions service for high-speed communications, smart devices, and IoT to video applications, etc.


title: HiSilicon

text: HiSilicon Technologies Co. Ltd. manufactures semiconductor products. The Company designs, develops, produces, and provides network monitoring chips, video-phone chips, and other chips for wireless networks, fixed networks, and digital media fields. HiSilicon Technologies also offers technology solutions.


title: HiSilicon

text: Shenzhen HiSilicon Semiconductor Co., Ltd. was Huawei's ASIC Design Center, which was founded in 1991. After more than 10 years of development, HiSilicon has grown into an independent chip supplier that can provide customers with wireless terminal solutions, optical network solutions, digital media solutions, digital TV solutions and communication network solutions. By the end of 2005, a total of more than 100 chip designs have been completed, of which more than 60 have been mass-produced and are widely used in various communication network products.


title: HiSilicon

text: HiSilicon develops SoCs based on ARM architecture. Though not exclusive, these SoCs see preliminary use in handheld and tablet devices of its parent company Huawei.


title: HiSilicon

text: The first well known product of HiSilicon is the K3V2 used in Huawei Ascend D Quad XL (U9510) smartphones and Huawei MediaPad 10 FHD7 tablets. This chipset is based on the ARM Cortex-A9 MPCore fabbed at 40 nm and uses a 16 core Vivante GC4000 GPU.


title: HiSilicon

text: The SoC supports LPDDR2-1066, but actual products are found with LPDDR-900 instead for lower power consumption.


title: HiSilicon

text: • supports – SD 3.0 (UHS-I) / eMMC 4.51 / Dual-band a/b/g/n Wi-Fi / Bluetooth 4.0 Low Energy / USB 2.0 / 32 MP ISP / 1080p video encode


title: HiSilicon

text: • supports – SD 4.1 (UHS-II) / UFS 2.0 / eMMC 5.1 / MU-MIMO 802.11ac Wi-Fi / Bluetooth 4.2 Smart / USB 3.0 / NFS / Dual ISP (42 MP) / Native 10-bit 4K video encode / i5 coprocessor / Tensilica HiFi 4 DSP


title: HiSilicon

text: Kirin 9000 is HiSilicon's first SoC based on 5 nm+ FinFET (EUV) TSMC technology and the first 5 nm SoC to be launched on the international market.


title: HiSilicon

text: This octa-core eight threads system on a chip is based on the 9th Gen of the HiSilicon Kirin series and is equipped with 15.3 billion of transistors in a 1+3+4 configuration: 4 Arm Cortex-A77 CPU (1x 3,13 GHz and 3x 2,54 GHz), 4 Arm Cortex-A55 (4x 2,05 GHz) and a 24-core Mali-G78 GPU (22-core in the Kirin 9000E version) with Kirin Gaming+ 3.0 implementation. The integrated quad pipeline NPU (Dual Big Core + 1 Tiny Core configuration) is equipped with a Kirin ISP 6.0 to support advanced computational photography. The Huawei Da Vinci Architecture 2.0 for AI supports 2x Ascend Lite + 1x Ascend Tiny (only 1 Lite in 9000E). The system cache is 8 MB and the SoC works with the new LPDDR5/4X memories (made by Samsung in the Huawei Mate 40 series). Due to the integrated 3rd generation 7 nm TSMC 5G proprietary modem "Balong 5000", Kirin 9000 supports 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G SA & NSA, Sub-6G and mmWave connectivity. The SoC TDP is 6W.


title: HiSilicon

text: The 2021 4G version of the Kirin 9000 has the Balong modem limited via software to comply with the ban imposed on Huawei by the US government for non-chinese 5G technologies.


title: HiSilicon

text: HiSilicon develops smartphone modems which although not exclusively, these SoCs see preliminary use in handheld and tablet devices of its parent company Huawei.


title: HiSilicon

text: At MWC 2012 HiSilicon released the Balong 710. It is a multi-mode chipset supporting 3GPP Release 9 and LTE Category 4 at GTI (Global TD-LTE Initiative). The Balong 710 was designed to be used with the K3V2 SoC. Its specs:


title: HiSilicon

text: The Balong 765 supports 8×8 MIMO technology, LTE Cat.19 with downlink data-rate up to 1.6 Gbit/s in FDD network and up to 1.16 Gbit/s in the TD-LTE network. Its specs:


title: HiSilicon

text: The Balong 5G01 supports the 3GPP standard for 5G with downlink speeds of up to 2.3 Gbit/s. It supports 5G across all frequency bands including sub-6 GHz and millimeter wave (mmWave). Its specs:


title: HiSilicon

text: The Balong 5000 is the world's first 7 nm TSMC 5G multi-mode chipset (launched in Q1 2019), the world's first SA/NSA implementation and the first smartphone chipset to support the full NR TDD/FDD spectrum. The modem have an advanced 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G connectivity. Its specs:


title: HiSilicon

text: HiSilicon develops SoCs for wearables such as truly wireless earbuds, wireless headphones, neckband earbuds, smart speakers, smart eyewear and smartwatches.


title: HiSilicon

text: The Kunpeng 916 (formerly known as Hi1616) is HiSilicon's third generation server processor launched in 2017. The Kunpeng 916 is used in Huawei's TaiShan 2280 Balanced Server, TaiShan 5280 Storage Server, TaiShan XR320 High-Density Server Node and TaiShan X6000 High-Density Server. It features:


title: HiSilicon

text: The Kunpeng 920 (formerly known as Hi1620) is HiSilicon's fourth generation server processor announced in 2018, launched in 2019. Huawei claim the Kunpeng 920 CPU scores more than an estimated 930 on SPECint_rate_base2006. The Kunpeng 920 is used in Huawei's TaiShan 2280 V2 Balanced Server, TaiShan 5280 V2 Storage Server and TaiShan XA320 V2 High-Density Server Node. It features:


title: HiSilicon

text: The Kunpeng 930 (formerly known as Hi1630) is HiSilicon's fifth-generation server processor announced in 2019 and scheduled for launch in 2021. It features:


title: HiSilicon

text: The Kunpeng 950 is HiSilicon's sixth-generation server processor announced in 2019 and scheduled for launch in 2023.


title: HiSilicon

text: Each Da Vinci Max AI Core features a 3D Cube Tensor Computing Engine (4096 FP16 MACs + 8192 INT8 MACs), Vector unit (2048bit INT8/FP16/FP32) and scalar unit. It includes a new AI framework called "MindSpore", a platform-as-a-service product called ModelArts, and a lower-level library called Compute Architecture for Neural Networks (CANN).


title: HiSilicon

text: The Ascend 310 is an AI inference SoC, it was codenamed Ascend-Mini. The Ascend 310 is capable of 16 TOPS@INT8 and 8 TOPS@FP16. The Ascend 310 features:


title: HiSilicon

text: The Ascend 910 is an AI training SoC, it was codenamed Ascend-Max. which delivers 256 TFLOPS@FP16 and 512 TOPS@INT8. The Ascend 910 features:


title: HiSilicon

text: The Ascend 910 Cluster has 1024–2048 Ascend 910 chips to reach 256–512 petaFLOPS@FP16. The Ascend 910 and Ascend Cluster will be available in Q2 2019.


title: Sophia Flörsch

text: Sophia Flörsch (born 1 December 2000) is a German racing driver, currently competing in the European Le Mans Series with Algarve Pro Racing. She has previously raced in the DTM, the FIA World Endurance Championship and FIA Formula 3, and is a podium finisher in ADAC Formula 4 and the ELMS, as well as the youngest race winner of the Ginetta Junior Championship.


title: Sophia Flörsch

text: Flörsch was born in Grünwald, Bavaria, and has spent most of her life around Munich: she attended Oberhaching Grammar School and is now based in Pullach. Her interests include karting, skiing and wind surfing.


title: Sophia Flörsch

text: In February 2020 she won the award for World Comeback of the Year at the 2020 Laureus World Sports Awards.


title: Sophia Flörsch

text: Flörsch is an outspoken critic of the W Series women's Formula 3 championship; labelling it a "step back on a sporting level" and "not the way to help women in motorsport" upon launch in 2019, and "gender bashing" in 2022. She further criticised the existence of a series-affiliated esports championship held during the coronavirus pandemic.


title: Sophia Flörsch

text: Upon entering the FIA Formula 3 Championship in 2020, Flörsch criticised the German media, claiming that they were favouring Mick and David Schumacher due to their fathers' (Michael and Ralf respectively) successes and refusing to promote other German junior formula drivers.


title: Sophia Flörsch

text: Flörsch began karting in 2005. From 2008 to 2014, Flörsch competed in various karting events across Europe through Kart Sport. She became the first female driver and also youngest driver of three series she competed in, the 2008 SAKC Championship, 2009 ADAC German Championship and 2010 European Championship Easykart. She was also scouted by Red Bull.


title: Sophia Flörsch

text: In 2015, Flörsch took part in the 2015 Ginetta Junior Championship season driving for HHC Motorsport. During the season, Flörsch collected two wins and a further two podiums. She made double Ginetta history at Thruxton by becoming the youngest driver to win a Ginetta Junior race, and also the first rookie to win two out of two races in one weekend. Her season was cut short due to financial issues and she finished at the mid-season point, at that time running in third in the championship, also leading the Rookie championship. Her car for the season was Car 14, which she named "Paul".


title: Sophia Flörsch

text: In 2016, Flörsch signed with Motopark to drive in the ADAC Formula 4 championship. Her car for the season was Car #99, which she called "Hugo". In her debut race, she became the first female to score points in an ADAC Formula 4 race. She almost achieved her first podium in her third race; after being hit by another car in the closing laps of the race she recovered to fifth. Her first fastest lap of the season came at race 3 in Zandvoort, in a race halted by poor weather conditions.


title: Sophia Flörsch

text: On 13 March 2018, Flörsch participated in her first FIA Formula 3 European Championship test, driving a Van Amersfoort Racing car. On 6 July 2018, it was announced that she would join Van Amersfoort Racing beginning with the round at Circuit Zandvoort a week later. She finished 22nd in the standings, her sole point coming at the Red Bull Ring.


title: Sophia Flörsch

text: From 15 to 18 November 2018, Flörsch participated in the Formula 3 World Cup at the 2018 Macau Grand Prix. During the main race, on Lap 4, she made contact with fellow driver Jehan Daruvala, who was reportedly slowing for erroneously-displayed yellow flags on the straight between Mandarin Corner (Turn 2) and Lisboa Bend (Turn 3). This caused a front left suspension failure, catapulting her car into Lisboa Bend sideways at high speed, launching off Sho Tsuboi's car, through the catch-fencing and smashing into a photographers' bunker, before landing back onto the wheels. Flörsch was reported as conscious post-crash and was hospitalised along with Tsuboi, two photographers and a marshal. She was later diagnosed with a spinal fracture, for which she underwent a surgery lasting almost 10 hours the following day, subsequently reported as successful with “no fear of paralysis”, by her race team leader, Frits van Amersfoort.


title: Sophia Flörsch

text: On 14 December 2018, Van Amersfoort Racing confirmed that Flörsch would race for the team in the European F3 replacement series, Formula European Masters, in 2019. After this series folded before a round was contested, Flörsch and VAR switched to the Formula Regional European Championship for updated Formula 3 machinery. Having joined the championship only one week before the opening race, the team struggled throughout the entire season, and Flörsch could only manage 7th place in the drivers' standings.


title: Sophia Flörsch

text: Flörsch was selected by the HWA Team to attend the FIA Formula 3 Championship post-season test on 22 October 2019 in Valencia. In early November, it was confirmed that Flörsch was placed on the team to compete in the 2019 Macau Grand Prix, with support from several Macanese companies and notable people. She failed to finish the race after her car suffered a mechanical failure which left her stranded ahead of the Mandarin Oriental Bend on the eighth lap.


title: Sophia Flörsch

text: Flörsch signed with Campos Racing for the 2020 season of the FIA F3 Championship to partner Alessio Deledda and Alex Peroni. After a difficult year with several mechanical problems, she finished 29th out of 35 drivers in the standings, with a best finish of 12th. She was the first woman to race in the championship since its formation after the GP3 Series and European F3 categories were merged.


title: Sophia Flörsch

text: Flörsch combined her 2020 FIA Formula 3 Championship commitments with a debut in prototype racing, skipping the Spa-Francorchamps Formula 3 round to enter the Le Castellet 240 with Beitske Visser for Richard Mille Racing Team in the LMP2 class of the 2020 European Le Mans Series instead. The campaign also included entry into the 2020 24 Hours of Le Mans, where she finished in 9th place alongside Visser and Tatiana Calderón.


title: Sophia Flörsch

text: She continued with the team in 2021, this time in the FIA World Endurance Championship. She also received a call-up from Algarve Pro Racing to replace Diego Menchaca in the 2021 European Le Mans Series season finale at Portimão. She finished third alongside Ferdinand Habsburg and Richard Bradley, achieving the team's first podium and becoming the first woman to ever finish on an overall podium in the series. Flörsch then appeared in the post-season FIA World Endurance Championship rookie test in Bahrain, driving for newly-crowned LMP2 champions Team WRT, where she led both sessions.


title: Sophia Flörsch

text: In 2022, Flörsch left the Richard Mille project to join G-Drive Racing and make a full-time return to the European Le Mans Series, driving one of the team's two Oreca 07 LMP2 cars alongside Roman Rusinov.


title: Sophia Flörsch

text: Alongside her FIA WEC programme, Flörsch raced in the 2021 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters for German team Abt Sportsline with backing from Schaeffler. She competed in 14 out of 16 races, and scored 8 points.


title: Sophia Flörsch

text: As Flörsch had not competed in the required number of rounds she was ineligible for a championship position.


title: Sophia Flörsch

text: The third race in Vallelunga was cancelled due to bad weather and later run in Imola as a fourth race.


title: Transformers: EarthSpark

text: Transformers: EarthSpark is an American computer-animated television series based on the "Transformers" toyline by Hasbro and Takara Tomy and developed by Dale Malinowski, Ant Ward and Nicole Dubuc for the streaming service Paramount+ and the channel Nickelodeon. The series is owned and distributed by Hasbro, and is a co-production between Hasbro's Entertainment One and Nickelodeon Animation Studio, with animation services provided by Icon Creative Studio. It debuted on Paramount+ with its first 10 episodes on November 11, 2022.


title: Transformers: EarthSpark

text: Many years after the end of the civil war between the Autobots and the Decepticons, the Malto family relocates from Philadelphia to the small town of Witwicky, Pennsylvania. There, young Robby and Mo Malto witness the birth of a new breed of Earth-born Transformers called Terrans, who become emotionally-bonded to the two via special cyber-sleeves on their arms. Now adopted into the family and being mentored by Bumblebee, the Terrans work with the Autobots, the former Decepticon leader Megatron, the organization G.H.O.S.T., and the children to protect their new life from the remaining rogue Decepticons and other villains while finding their place in the world.


title: Transformers: EarthSpark

text: Short for Global Hazard and Ordinance Strike Team, this human organization has the goals of rebuilding the relationship between the humans and the Cybertronians.


title: Transformers: EarthSpark

text: In early 2021, Hasbro announced two animated series based on the "Transformers" brand. The first was for Netflix, and the other was a then-untitled series set to air on Nickelodeon in 2022. The series' official title, "Transformers: EarthSpark", was revealed in February 2022 with a release window set for the fall of that year.


title: Transformers: EarthSpark

text: The voice cast and a sneak peek for the series was later revealed during the 2022 San Diego Comic-Con.


title: Transformers: EarthSpark

text: On March 24, 2022, it was announced that the series would debut on the Paramount+ streaming service in November 2022.


title: Eggo

text: Eggo is a brand of frozen waffles owned by the Kellogg Company, and sold in North America. Several varieties are available, including homestyle, miniature, cherry, blueberry, strawberry, vanilla bliss, brown sugar cinnamon, apple cinnamon, buttermilk, chocolate chip, and Thick & Fluffy.


title: Eggo

text: Other than waffles, Eggo also produces a selection of pancakes, French toast, and egg and cheese breakfast sandwiches, of which varieties include ham or sausage.


title: Eggo

text: Eggo waffles were invented in 1953 by the American inventor Frank Dorsa, who developed a process by which waffles could be cooked, frozen, and packaged for consumers. Along with frozen waffles, the Dorsa brothers also produced Eggo potato chips (and Golden Bear potato chips) and Eggo syrup. All of the products were produced at a sprawling plant and factory on Eggo Way in San Jose, California, near the intersection of US 101 and East Julian Street. The Dorsas were very involved in local community activities and donated extensively to school and community projects. For Halloween, instead of candy, Tony Dorsa would give out bags of Eggo potato chips to trick-or-treaters.


title: Eggo

text: In 1968, as a means of diversification, the Kellogg Company purchased Eggo. Their advertising slogan—"L'eggo my Eggo"—developed by Leo Burnett in 1972 is well known through their television commercials. Due to similarity between the contraction "leggo" and the product name LEGO, in the later 2000s Kellogg's collaborated with The Lego Group to produce Eggo waffles shaped like LEGO bricks.


title: Eggo

text: Kellogg's produces an Eggo brand breakfast cereal that was shaped to have the likeness of waffles. Flavors include maple syrup and cinnamon toast. It was originally produced from 2006 to 2012, but after a popular campaign was reintroduced in 2019.


title: Eggo

text: In 2016, the Netflix series "Stranger Things" featured Eggo waffles as a key story theme bringing the brand to global attention beyond the countries where the brand is sold. In the show, they are the favorite food of the character Eleven. In 2020, Eggo won the Lausanne Index Prize - Best Product of the Year.


title: Eggo

text: In fall 2009, there was a shortage of some Eggo products due to several problems. Among these were a listeria contamination which caused the Atlanta plant to be shut down for cleaning, severe flooding in the Atlanta area, and equipment repairs at the Kellogg plant in Rossville, Tennessee.


title: The Yinyang Master

text: The Yinyang Master () is a 2021 Chinese fantasy film directed by Li Weiran and starring Chen Kun and Zhou Xun. It is adapted from the NetEase game "Onmyōji" (which in turn is based on the novel series, "Onmyōji" by author Baku Yumemakura). It was filmed in 2018, and was released in China on the first day of the Chinese New Year on 12 February 2021. Netflix, which has acquired the international streaming rights, released the film on March 19, 2021, as "The Yin Yang Master".


title: The Yinyang Master

text: Qing Ming, a Yinyang Master, is a half-human half-demon officer of the Yinyang Bureau guarding demon souls and a supernatural artifact called the Scale Stone. After he is framed for the death of a guard team and his senior, Cimu, he escapes and starts a new life, traveling between the human and demon worlds.


title: The Yinyang Master

text: Seven years later, when the demon king threatens to return, Qing Ming becomes embroiled in the robbery of Imperial tributes being delivered by Boya. He is also hunted by Bai Ni, head of the Yinyang Bureau, with whom he had a pact. Trapped in a fighting arena in the demon world, Qing Ming escapes with an injured Bai Ni, Boya and their friends. It is revealed that Qing Ming has been caring for and training a team of demons to fight against the Demon King’s return.


title: The Yinyang Master

text: Bai Ni is healed by Qing Ming and recovers the Scale Stone which had been inadvertently swallowed by one of Qing Ming’s demons. On her way back to the Bureau, Bai Ni is ambushed by Cimu and his henchwoman the Snow Lady, and the Scale Stone is stolen. Cimu is revealed to have coveted monster power since seeing Qing Ming demonstrate it when they were younger, and he makes the Snow Lady his familiar in order to hatch a plan to steal the Scale Stone. In the present time, Cimu uses the retrieved Scale Stone to turn himself into a powerful demon and uses his new power to start a demon invasion of the human world.


title: The Yinyang Master

text: While Boya and Qing Ming’s demons defend the bridge between the two worlds, Cimu defeats Qing Ming, who has to make a bargain with the Demon King to obtain his powers. He defeats Cimu and releases his bond with Bai Ni, Boya and his demons, electing to leave them in the human world while he returns to the demon world.


title: Star Blazers

text: Star Blazers is an American animated television series adaptation of the Japanese anime series . "Star Blazers" was first broadcast in the United States in 1979. It was the first popular English-translated anime that had an overarching plot and storyline that required the episodes to be viewed in order, which paved the way for future arc-based, plot-driven anime translations. It also dealt with somewhat more mature themes than other productions aimed at the same target audience at the time.


title: Star Blazers

text: "Star Blazers" consists of three television seasons. Each is an English-language adaption of its Japanese counterpart "Space Battleship Yamato". However, the Japanese saga entails more than just these three television seasons, and part of this missing portion of the saga occurs between Seasons Two and Three, in the movies "" and "Be Forever Yamato".


title: Star Blazers

text: In the first season, Earth is attacked by Gamilon, a distant planet. The radiation from Gamilon's planet bombs forces everyone on Earth underground. With no way to remove the radiation, all life on Earth will be wiped out in one year. The Earth then receives unexpected help from Queen Starsha of the planet Iscandar, who offers a device called "Cosmo DNA" which will remove the radiation. However, since Iscandar is 148,000 light years away, Starsha also sends plans for the experimental Wave Motion Engine that, when constructed, will help whoever can travel to Iscandar by letting them travel at 27,569,736,000 miles per second (about 92 times the speed of light). On Earth, a crew is recruited, headed by Captain Avatar, and an old sunken battleship (the "Yamato") is transformed into a spaceship (the "Argo"), outfitted with the Wave Motion Engine, and sent to Iscandar.


title: Star Blazers

text: The second season takes place one year after the "Argo" returns to Earth with the Cosmo DNA and Earth's ecosystem is restored. It now faces a new, dangerous enemy, the Comet Empire, led by Prince Zordar. Unlike Gamilon, which was seeking to capture and colonize Earth, Zordar simply wants to conquer and annex Earth to his Empire. Desslok, the Gamilon leader, also joins forces with Zordar, mainly because he wants revenge on the "Argo" for having destroyed Gamilon. The series revolves around the "Argo", now commanded by Deputy Captain Derek Wildstar, working with the Earth Defense Force to face Zordar.


title: Star Blazers

text: In the third season, the "Argo" is caught in the middle of a war between the Galmans (the reformed Gamilon Empire) and the Bolar Federation. A stray missile fired during the war causes the sun's thermonuclear reactions to go out of control. Unless it can be stopped, the sun will destroy the Earth in one year and the entire solar system in three. Now officially in command of the "Argo", Derek Wildstar is charged to help find a new home for Earth's population.


title: Star Blazers

text: Major characters appearing in Seasons One and Two are listed below by their canonical (Westchester) names:


title: Star Blazers

text: In 1977, before the debut of the American "Star Blazers" series, the Japanese anime film "Space Battleship Yamato" (or "Space Cruiser Yamato" as it was known at the time) was dubbed into English and retitled "Space Cruiser". This film was sold and released in several countries, including the United States, Britain and France. The American release was extremely limited, and eventually ended up airing on television in the Los Angeles area in 1978.


title: Star Blazers

text: Following this, the Westchester Corporation identified the first "Space Battleship Yamato" anime series from 1974 as a potential "kids' property" and bought the rights to the first two seasons (season three had not been made yet). Dubbing and editing were done by Griffin-Bacal Advertising and production and syndication was handled by Claster Television. The Japanese language elements such as series title and scene captions were replaced or removed. New opening credit rolls were created featuring the "Star Blazers" logo. The series premiered in the San Francisco Bay Area on September 17, 1979 as part of the weekday show "Captain Cosmic" on KTVU 2. "Star Blazers" initial broadcasts received high ratings, and subsequent rebroadcasts contributed to build anime fandom in northern California.


title: Star Blazers

text: Being marketed to a school-age audience, this animated space opera was bowdlerized by the American editors in order to satisfy the broadcast standards and practices offices of American television stations. However, far fewer edits were made than with another 1970s anime, "Battle of the Planets" (an edited version of "Science Ninja Team Gatchaman"). Even in its edited American form "Star Blazers" retains practically all of its uniquely Japanese characteristics in terms of content, plot, character development, and philosophy.


title: Star Blazers

text: Principal changes in the transformation to "Star Blazers" included westernization of character names, reduction of personal violence, toning down of offensive language and alcohol use (references to sake were changed to "spring water", and the Doctor's perpetually drunken state was portrayed as merely good humor), removal of sexual fan service, and reduction of references to World War II (though the sunken battleship ruins were still identified as the battleship "Yamato" in dialogue). The most significant reference removed—and the longest single edit in the series—was a section from episode two depicting the Battleship "Yamato"'s final battle during World War II, including imagery of the captain tied to the helm as he went down with his ship. (This section was not in the bonus content on the "Voyager Entertainment Series 1, Part II" English-language DVD release.)


title: Star Blazers

text: Many fans regard "Star Blazers" as more "adult" than other cartoons shown in the United States at the time, as personal tragedy, funeral scenes for fallen comrades, and the extinction faced by humanity were left intact. The very Japanese theme of "the honorable enemy" was also a tremendously important aspect of character development; in particular, the major villain of the first series, Desslok, during the second and third seasons, as well as in the later movies.


title: Star Blazers

text: The most significant change made by Griffin-Bacal was purely narrative: In the original series, the "Yamato" and its crew were regarded as a single entity, the narrator each week urging ""Yamato", hurry to Iscandar!". In English, the significance of the name "Yamato" as a word the viewers would identify with, signifying the land, people, and spirit of Japan, is lost, so in "Star Blazers" the crew were named the "Star Force" and became the focus of the series. The ship is still the historical "Yamato" and is referred to as such in early episodes (although the ship's backstory is edited out), but is renamed the "Argo" (after the ship "Argo" of Jason and the Argonauts); the crew keep calling "it" (not "her") Star Force and the ship becomes merely the vessel in which they travel.


title: Star Blazers

text: The first two seasons ("The Quest for Iscandar" and "The Comet Empire") were broadcast in 1979 and 1980. By the time the third season of "Yamato" was released, the original voice actors were unable to be reached by the American production company. The third season (released as "The Bolar Wars") played to a small test market and was not as widely seen until its release on video and DVD. It remains less popular than the first two seasons. Many of the original English voice actors have since been tracked down and interviewed for the more recent "Star Blazers" DVD releases.


title: Star Blazers

text: The American dub version of "Star Blazers" series one and two aired in 1983 in Australia on the ABC National Television network. The series aired Monday through Friday at 5pm.


title: Star Blazers

text: Christopher John reviewed "Starblazers" in "Ares Magazine" #8 and commented that ""Starblazers" is well worth more than one viewing, even if it is run at 6:30 in the morning. It may be the only chance you'll have to see a beautiful and exciting work of art."


title: Star Blazers

text: After four years of planning, a 26-episode animated remake of the 1974 story arc, "" ("Uchū Senkan Yamato 2199"), debuted in Japan on April 7, 2012. The series began release in North America on limited-edition DVDs and Blu-rays via Voyager Entertainment USA and Bandai Visual on February 27, 2014, under the title "Star Blazers 2199" in Japanese language with English Subtitles (created by Bang Zoom! Entertainment). The strong Japanese popularity of this remake, directed by Yutaka Izubuchi, has led to the production of an all-new animated feature film (set within the year 2199, during the return voyage to Earth), wherein our heroes encounter an advance fleet of the Comet Empire. "Space Battleship Yamato 2199: Ark of the Stars" ("Uchū Senkan Yamato 2199: Hoshi-Meguru Hakobune") opened nationwide in Japan on December 6, 2014. A full series remake of the Comet Empire story arc started on February 25, 2017 as a sequel to the previous 26-episode remake under the title of "" ("Uchū Senkan Yamato 2202: Ai no Senshi-tachi") with the subtitle "Warriors of Love". Funimation bought the rights to both remakes to create an English voiced dub.


title: Star Blazers

text: Additionally, a feature film condensation of the 26-episode remake, "Space Battleship Yamato 2199: Voyage of Remembrance" ("Uchū Senkan Yamato 2199: Tsuioku no Kokai"), screened nationwide in Japan on October 11, 2014.


title: Star Blazers

text: During the mid-1990s, Walt Disney Pictures optioned the rights with the intent to produce a "Star Blazers" live-action movie from producer Josh C. Kline. An early draft of the script by Oscar-nominated writer Tab Murphy was leaked on the Internet in the late 1990s. The story was a retelling of the Season One plot, and followed a ragtag crew of misfits (most of whom are not named after any of the original series' crew) aboard the rebuilt United States battleship "Arizona" on a mission to save Earth. The project was abandoned by Disney following the departure of David Vogel, Disney's President of Production. In April 2006, it was announced that another attempt at creating a live-action version of the story would be made, but no movie ever came out of it.


title: Star Blazers

text: A "Space Battleship Yamato" live-action movie was released in Japan on December 1, 2010, produced by Toshiaki Nakazawa and Kazuya Hamana. The film was directed by Takashi Yamazaki.


title: Star Blazers

text: In February 2011, it was announced that an English-language live-action version was in the works. David Ellison's Skydance Productions was in negotiations to acquire the rights. Christopher McQuarrie had been tapped to write the screenplay, but no dates have been announced. By October 2013, "Deadline" reported that McQuarrie was also attached as director of the film and as co-producer as well alongside Josh C. Kline, David Ellison and Dana Goldberg, with Shouji Nizhizaki and Paul Schwake as executive producers for Skydance. By March 2017, Ellison stated in an interview with LRM (Latino Review Media) at South by Southwest that Skydance has hired Zach Dean to write the screenplay with McQuarrie still attached as director, aiming to have it done by the time McQuarrie finishes directing "".


title: Star Blazers

text: To date, four American comic adaptations have been published: a five-volume series retelling the original story, two comic book series, and, most recently, a webcomic.


title: Star Blazers

text: The first adaptation was a set of books presenting the original first season in five volumes using the original cel animation. It was published in 1983 by West Cape Co., Ltd. under their imprint, W.C.C. Animation Comics. The books use digest footage that was already laid out and published for the Japanese market as "film comics". The translations relied heavily on the English dialog of Star Blazers, with minor modifications. The English language editions were printed in Japan and distributed by Books Nippan of Los Angeles, the American branch of Nippon Shuppan Hanbai. The title of each book includes ""Original Title: Space Cruiser Yamato"" as a subtitle.


title: Star Blazers

text: The second adaptation (actually two miniseries) was published by in the late 1980s and served as a postscript to the second season. The plot leveraged the fact that the Season Three script had misidentified the enemy in the flashbacks as a remnant of the Comet Empire. In this series, it was discovered that the White Comet Empire's rear fleet (comprising fully half of the empire's entire fleet) still existed and—with Earth's entire fleet (other than the "Argo") having been wiped out—only the "Argo" stood between this massive enemy fleet and Earth. In this story, the Comet Empire took over the "Yamato" and used it against Earth. The second Comico miniseries dealt with the Star Force's battle against a renegade Earth General and his alien allies. Due to its weak artwork and story, this second miniseries was less well received than the first.


title: Star Blazers

text: From March 1995 to May 1997, Voyager Entertainment (under the Argo Press imprint) published 12 issues of "Star Blazers: The Magazine of Space Battleship Yamato" before publication was halted due to poor sales.


title: Star Blazers

text: "Star Blazers Rebirth" is a webcomic formerly featured on the official "Star Blazers" site. Although similar in storyline, it is not to be confused with the newest Yamato film, "". The art and story is by Tim Eldred, who was also responsible for the Voyager Entertainment series. The Earth is once again threatened by a menace from space headed for the Earth 25 years after the first series; this time in the shape of what appears to be a moving black hole. At first, Earth's government does not believe the information, on the basis that black holes aren't supposed to be able to move. However, they eventually agree to send Earth's newest and most powerful ship, "Andromeda II", to investigate. Upon reaching its destination, "Andromeda II" is quickly destroyed with all hands on board, though not before transmitting data to Earth. Shocked by the disaster and the lack of response from Earth's government, Wildstar remains out of service. He is now in his 40s, with gray hair and a beard grown in deliberate homage to the late Captain Avatar. He is haunted by nightmares both of his past and alternate pasts- the nightmares come but different people die, or familiar faces have new names. Finally Wildstar and Sandor devote their wealth and energies to rebuilding the nearly shattered "Argo". The ship had been encased in ice and left floating in Earth orbit at the end of "Final Yamato". Since most of the old surviving bridge crew of "Argo" are now captains in command of their own ships, many of the new crew members are the children or grandchildren of the original "Argo" crew. Earth's evacuation to numerous colonies has left Earth's forces stretched far too thinly, with several colonies beginning to break away from Earth's control under command of Captain Nenezich. Short on supplies, "Argo" heads toward the center of the galaxy in an attempt to learn more about the mysterious black hole and a rash of attacks on Earth's colonies.


title: Star Blazers

text: Television critic Matt Zoller Seitz of Vulture recommended the series in 2013 as one of eight great television series or miniseries people most likely have not seen before, stating that "this epic series about a refurbished battleship setting sail across the galaxy to save an apocalypse-ravaged Earth remains the reigning masterpiece of [the 1970s era of dubbed Japanese cartoons]—and its serialized storytelling was ahead of its time." In Seitz's 2016 book co-written with Alan Sepinwall titled "TV (The Book)", they wrote that this series or its original Japanese counterpart would have made their list of the top 100 greatest shows of all time had they not excluded foreign television from the list, citing their lack of sufficient knowledge for television outside the United States.


title: Star Blazers

text: DVDs of the three television seasons were released in 2002 by Voyager Entertainment, entitled "The Quest for Iscandar", "The Comet Empire" and "The Bolar Wars". Each season is contained on six discs, and each disc included bonus footage or material. The discs are available individually or as collections, in three separate boxed sets of six discs each.


title: Phrygians

text: The Phrygians (Greek: Φρύγες, "Phruges" or "Phryges") were an ancient Indo-European speaking people, who inhabited central-western Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) in antiquity. They were related to the Greeks.


title: Phrygians

text: Ancient Greek authors used "Phrygian" as an umbrella term to describe a vast ethno-cultural complex located mainly in the central areas of Anatolia rather than a name of a single "tribe" or "people", and its ethno-linguistic homogeneity is debatable. Phrygians were initially dwelling in the southern Balkans – according to Herodotus – under the name of Bryges (Briges), changing it to Phryges after their final migration to Anatolia, via the Hellespont. However, the Balkan origins of the Phrygians are debated by modern scholars.


title: Phrygians

text: Phrygia developed an advanced Bronze Age culture. The earliest traditions of Greek music are in part connected to Phrygian music, transmitted through the Greek colonies in Anatolia, especially the Phrygian mode, which was considered to be the warlike mode in ancient Greek music. Phrygian Midas, the king of the "golden touch", was tutored in music by Orpheus himself, according to the myth. Another musical invention that came from Phrygia was the aulos, a reed instrument with two pipes. In classical Greek iconography Paris, a Trojan, is represented as non-Greek by his Phrygian cap, which was also worn by Mithras and survived into modern imagery as the "Liberty cap" of the American and French revolutionaries.


title: Phrygians

text: Phrygians spoke the Phrygian language, a member of the Indo-European linguistic family. Modern consensus regards Greek as its closest relative.


title: Phrygians

text: A conventional date of c. 1180 BC is often used for the influx (traditionally from Thrace) of the pre-Phrygian Bryges or Mushki, corresponding to the very end of the Hittite Empire. Following this date, Phrygia retained a separate cultural identity. From tribal and village beginnings, the state of Phrygia arose in the 8th century BC with its capital at Gordium. Around 690 BC, it was invaded by the Cimmerians. Phrygia was briefly conquered by its neighbour Lydia, before it passed successively into the Persian Empire of Cyrus the Great and later the empire of Alexander and his successors. Later, it was taken by the Attalids of Pergamon, and eventually became part of the Roman Empire. The last mention of the Phrygian language in literature dates to the 5th century AD and it was likely extinct by the 7th century.


title: Phrygians

text: After the collapse of the Hittite Empire at the beginning of the twelfth century BC, the political vacuum in central-western Anatolia was filled by a wave of Indo-European migrants and "Sea Peoples", including the Phrygians, who established their kingdom with a capital eventually at Gordium. It is presently unknown whether the Phrygians were actively involved in the collapse of the Hittite capital Hattusa or whether they simply moved into the vacuum left by the collapse of Hittite hegemony. The so-called Handmade Knobbed Ware was found by archaeologists at sites from this period in Western Anatolia. According to Greek mythographers, Midas had been king of the Phrygians, who were originally called the Bryges (Brigi) and came from the western part of archaic Thrace or Macedon. Midas has been linked to the Mushki king Mita. However, the origins of the Mushki, and their connection to the Phrygians, is uncertain. Some scholars have suggested that Mita was a Luwian name (it was recorded in Asia Minor in the 15th century BCE).


title: Phrygians

text: Though the migration theory is still defended by many modern historians, most archaeologists have abandoned the migration hypothesis regarding the origin of the Phrygians due to a lack substantial archeological evidence, with the migration theory resting only on the accounts of Herodotus and Xanthus.


title: Phrygians

text: Assyrian sources from the 8th century BC speak of a king Mita of the Mushki, identified with king Midas of Phrygia. An Assyrian inscription records Mita as an ally of Sargon of Assyria in 709 BC. A distinctive Phrygian pottery called Polished Ware appears in the 8th century BC. The Phrygians founded a powerful kingdom which lasted until the Lydian ascendancy (7th century BC). Under kings alternately named Gordias and Midas, the independent Phrygian kingdom of the 8th and 7th centuries BC maintained close trade contacts with her neighbours in the east and the Greeks in the west. Phrygia seems to have been able to co-exist with whatever power was dominant in eastern Anatolia at the time.


title: Phrygians

text: The invasion of Anatolia in the late 8th century BC to early 7th century BC by the Cimmerians was to prove fatal to independent Phrygia. Cimmerian pressure and attacks culminated in the suicide of its last king, Midas, according to legend. Gordium fell to the Cimmerians in 696 BC and was sacked and burnt, as reported much later by Herodotus.


title: Phrygians

text: A series of digs have opened Gordium as one of Turkey's most revealing archeological sites. Excavations confirm a violent destruction of Gordion around 675 BC. A tomb of the Midas period, popularly identified as the "Tomb of Midas" revealed a wooden structure deeply buried under a vast tumulus, containing grave goods, a coffin, furniture, and food offerings (Archaeological Museum, Ankara). The Gordium site contains a considerable later building program, perhaps by Alyattes, the Lydian king, in the 6th century BC.


title: Phrygians

text: Minor Phrygian kingdoms continued to exist after the end of the Phrygian empire, and the Phrygian art and culture continued to flourish. Cimmerian people stayed in Anatolia but do not appear to have created a kingdom of their own. The Lydians repulsed the Cimmerians in the 620s, and Phrygia was subsumed into a short-lived Lydian empire. The eastern part of the former Phrygian empire fell into the hands of the Medes in 585 BC.


title: Phrygians

text: Under the proverbially rich King Croesus (reigned 560–546 BC), Phrygia remained part of the Lydian empire that extended east to the Halys River. There may be an echo of strife with Lydia and perhaps a veiled reference to royal hostages, in the legend of the twice-unlucky Adrastus, the son of a King Gordias with the queen, Eurynome. He accidentally killed his brother and exiled himself to Lydia, where King Croesus welcomed him. Once again, Adrastus accidentally killed Croesus' son and then committed suicide.


title: Phrygians

text: Lydian Croesus was conquered by Cyrus in 546 BC, and Phrygia passed under Persian dominion. After Darius became Persian Emperor in 521 BC, he remade the ancient trade route into the Persian "Royal Road" and instituted administrative reforms that included setting up satrapies (provinces). In the 5th century, Phrygia was made into two administrative provinces, that of Hellespontine Phrygia (or Lesser Phrygia), with its provincial capital established at Dascylium, and the province of Greater Phrygia.


title: Phrygians

text: The Phrygian language is a member of the Indo-European linguistic family with its exact position within it having been debated due to the fragmentary nature of its evidence. Though from what is available it is evident that Phrygian shares important features with Greek and Armenian. Phrygian is part of the centum group of Indo-European languages. However, between the 19th and the first half of the 20th century Phrygian was mostly considered a satəm language, and thus closer to Armenian and Thracian, while today it is commonly considered to be a centum language and thus closer to Greek. The reason that in the past Phrygian had the guise of a satəm language was due to two secondary processes that affected it. Namely, Phrygian merged the old labiovelar with the plain velar, and secondly, when in contact with palatal vowels /e/ and /i/, especially in initial position, some consonants became palatalized. Furthermore, Kortlandt (1988) presented common sound changes of Thracian and Armenian and their separation from Phrygian and the rest of the palaeo-Balkan languages from an early stage.


title: Phrygians

text: Modern consensus regards Greek as the closest relative of Phrygian, a position that is supported by Brixhe, Neumann, Matzinger, Woodhouse, Ligorio, Lubotsky, and Obrador-Cursach. Furthermore, 34 out of the 36 Phrygian isoglosses that are recorded are shared with Greek, with 22 being exclusive between them. The last 50 years of Phrygian scholarship developed a hypothesis that proposes a proto-Graeco-Phrygian stage out of which Greek and Phrygian originated, and if Phrygian was more sufficiently attested, that stage could perhaps be reconstructed.


title: Phrygians

text: Based on an extremely slight archaeological record, some scholars such as Nicholas Hammond and Eugene N. Borza suggested that the Phrygians were members of the Lusatian culture that migrated into the southern Balkans during the Late Bronze Age. However, the lack of western (European) ceramic ware, and the continuation of the pre-Bronze Age collapse pottery styles in central Asia Minor, have led some scholars to reject a Balkan or European origin for the Phrygians.


title: Phrygians

text: The Phrygians worshipped the goddess Cybele. In their language it was known as , and was also referred to as (from which the Greek and Latin derive) or . In her typical Phrygian form, she wears a long belted dress, a "polos" (a high cylindrical headdress), and a veil covering the whole body. The later version of Cybele was established by a pupil of Phidias, the sculptor Agoracritus, and became the image most widely adopted by Cybele's expanding following, both in the Aegean world and at Rome. It shows her humanized though still enthroned, her hand resting on an attendant lion and the other holding the "tympanon", a circular frame drum, similar to a tambourine.


title: Phrygians

text: The Phrygians also venerated Sabazios, the sky and father-god depicted on horseback. Although the Greeks associated Sabazios with Zeus, representations of him, even at Roman times, show him as a horseman god. His conflicts with the indigenous Mother Goddess, whose creature was the Lunar Bull, may be surmised in the way that Sabazios' horse places a hoof on the head of a bull, in a Roman relief at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.


title: Phrygians

text: The name of the earliest known mythical king was Nannacus (aka Annacus). This king resided at Iconium, the most eastern city of the kingdom of Phrygia at that time, and after his death, at the age of 300 years, a great flood overwhelmed the country, as had been foretold by an ancient oracle. The next king mentioned in extant classical sources was called Manis or Masdes. According to Plutarch, because of his splendid exploits, great things were called "manic" in Phrygia. Thereafter the kingdom of Phrygia seems to have become fragmented among various kings. One of the kings was Tantalus who ruled over the north western region of Phrygia around Mount Sipylus. Tantalus was endlessly punished in Tartarus, because he allegedly killed his son Pelops and sacrificially offered him to the Olympians, a reference to the suppression of human sacrifice. Tantalus was also falsely accused of stealing from the lotteries he had invented. In the mythic age before the Trojan war, during a time of an interregnum, Gordius (or Gordias), a Phrygian farmer, became king, fulfilling an oracular prophecy. The kingless Phrygians had turned for guidance to the oracle of Sabazios ("Zeus" to the Greeks) at Telmissus, in the part of Phrygia that later became part of Galatia. They had been instructed by the oracle to acclaim as their king the first man who rode up to the god's temple in a cart. That man was Gordias (Gordios, Gordius), a farmer, who dedicated the ox-cart in question, tied to its shaft with the "Gordian Knot". Gordias refounded a capital at Gordium in west central Anatolia, situated on the old trackway through the heart of Anatolia that became Darius's Persian "Royal Road" from Pessinus to Ancyra, and not far from the River Sangarius.


title: Phrygians

text: Later mythic kings of Phrygia were alternately named Gordias and Midas. Myths surround the first king Midas. There were seven altogether connecting him with a mythological tale concerning Attis. This shadowy figure resided at Pessinus and attempted to marry his daughter to the young Attis in spite of the opposition of his mother figure Agdestis and his lover, the goddess Cybele. When Agdestis or Cybele appear and cast madness upon the members of the wedding feast. Midas is said to have died in the ensuing chaos.


title: Phrygians

text: The famous king Midas was said to be a son of the kind Gordius mentioned above. He is said to have associated himself with Silenus and other satyrs and with Dionysus, who granted him the famous "golden touch".


title: Phrygians

text: The mythic Midas of Thrace, accompanied by a band of his people, traveled to Asia Minor to wash away the taint of his unwelcome "golden touch" in the river Pactolus. Leaving the gold in the river's sands, Midas found himself in Phrygia, where he was adopted by the childless king Gordias and taken under the protection of Cybele. Acting as the visible representative of Cybele, and under her authority, it would seem, a Phrygian king could designate his successor.


title: Phrygians

text: According to the "Iliad", the Phrygians were Trojan allies during the Trojan War. The Phrygia of Homer's "Iliad" appears to be located in the area that embraced the Ascanian lake and the northern flow of the Sangarius river and so was much more limited in extent than classical Phrygia. Homer's "Iliad" also includes a reminiscence by the Trojan king Priam, who had in his youth come to aid the Phrygians against the Amazons ("Iliad" 3.189). During this episode (a generation before the Trojan War), the Phrygians were said to be led by Otreus and Mygdon. Both appear to be little more than eponyms: there was a place named Otrea on the Ascanian Lake, in the vicinity of the later Nicaea; and the Mygdones were a people of Asia Minor, who resided near Lake Dascylitis (there was also a Mygdonia in Macedonia). During the Trojan War, the Phrygians sent forces to aid Troy, led by Ascanius and Phorcys, the sons of Aretaon. Asius, son of Dymas and brother of Hecabe, is another Phrygian noble who fought before Troy. Quintus Smyrnaeus mentions another Phrygian prince, named Coroebus, son of Mygdon, who fought and died at Troy; he had sued for the hand of the Trojan princess Cassandra in marriage. King Priam's wife Hecabe is usually said to be of Phrygian birth, as a daughter of King Dymas.


title: Phrygians

text: Marsyas, a Phrygian follower of Cybele, was a satyr who is regarded as the inventor of the aulos, which he created using the hollowed antler of a stag. He unwisely competed in music with the Olympian Apollo and inevitably lost, whereupon Apollo flayed Marsyas alive and provocatively hung his skin on Cybele's own sacred tree, a pine.


title: Phrygians

text: Herodotus claims the priests of Hephaestus told him a story that the Egyptian pharaoh Psammetichus had two children raised in isolation in order to find the original language. The children were reported to have uttered "bekos" meaning "bread" in Phrygian. It was then acknowledged by the Egyptians that the Phrygians were a nation older than the Egyptians.


title: Phrygians

text: Josephus claimed the Phrygians were founded by the biblical figure Togarmah, grandson of Japheth and son of Gomer: "and Thrugramma the Thrugrammeans, who, as the Greeks resolved, were named Phrygians".


title: Folk-pop

text: Folk-pop is a musical style that may be 1) contemporary folk songs with large, sweeping pop arrangements, or 2) pop songs with intimate, acoustic-based folk arrangements. Recording production values created a unblemished style that appealed to a mass audience, and thus led to commercial success as measured by high record sales, particularly as illustrated by hit records reaching the Top 40 on AM radio in the United States. Folk-pop developed during the 1960s folk music and folk rock boom. Key example of folk-pop artists include The Kingston Trio and Peter, Paul and Mary with contracts with major record labels (Capitol Records and Warner Brothers Records, respectively). The commercially successful artists stood in contrast to more politically charged and uncompromising folk music performers such as Joan Baez, Barbara Dane, Odetta, Phil Ochs, Nina Simone and The Weavers, or in more recent decades Tracy Chapman or Ani DiFranco.


title: Nicholas Clay

text: Clay was born in Streatham, London on 18 September 1946, the son of a professional soldier in the British Army's Royal Engineers. The family settled in Kent, where Clay became interested in acting, performing at the Little Medway Theatre Club.


title: Nicholas Clay

text: He had roles on TV in episodes of "Ask Mr. Pastry" (1961), "ITV Television Playhouse", "The Pocket Lancer" (1961), and "Tales of Mystery". He made his film debut with "These Are the Damned" (1962) and could be seen in "Dixon of Dock Green", "William", "Sergeant Cork", and "Drama 61-67". He studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA).


title: Nicholas Clay

text: He returned to films with "The Night Digger" (1971), a horror film with Patricia Neal and was in episodes of "Take Three Girls", "Armchair Theatre", and "Love Story".


title: Nicholas Clay

text: Clay had the starring role of Charles Darwin in "The Darwin Adventure" (1972) and was in "William: The Life, Works and Times of William Shakespeare" (1972). He was cast in several of Laurence Olivier's Old Vic productions and during the 1970s came to be regarded as one of British theatre's most promising actors. At the National Theatre he played Aumerle in "Richard II", Giovanni in "Tis Pity She's a Whore" (directed by Roland Joffe), Nugget in "Equus", a Jumper in "Jumpers" (directed by Peter Wood), Rocca in "Saturday Sunday Monday" (directed by Franco Zeffirelli), Young Seward in "Macbeth" (directed by Michael Blakemore) and Acaste in "The Misanthrope". Blakemore also directed him in the part of Young Inna in "Arturo Ui" at Nottingham Playhouse, where Clay acted several roles in Jonathan Miller's production of King Lear. He played Hastings in Clifford Williams's world tour of "She Stoops to Conquer". "The Misanthrope" led Clay to the United States, where he also played this role on Broadway in 1975. On the West End stage, Clay was Maurice in "Flint" (Criterion Theatre) and Trigorin in "The Seagull" (Cambridge Theatre).


title: Nicholas Clay

text: He appeared in "In This House of Brede" (1975) with Diana Rigg and played Alan in the 1976 version of "The Picture of Dorian Gray", alongside Peter Firth. Clay was in "Terror of Frankenstein" (1977) then did "Saturday Sunday Monday" (1978) with Laurence Olivier.


title: Nicholas Clay

text: In 1978 he played Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton in the drama series "Will Shakespeare", about the life of Shakespeare.


title: Nicholas Clay

text: Clay had a small role in "Zulu Dawn" (1979) and was in "Lovespell", filmed in 1979 but not released until 1981. He played Orestes in "The Greeks: A Journey in Space and Time" (1980).


title: Nicholas Clay

text: In 1981 he gave his most widely seen screen performance, as Lancelot in the 1981 film "Excalibur". He followed it playing the title role in "The Search for Alexander the Great" (1981). He appeared in Just Jaeckin's film version of D.H. Lawrence's "Lady Chatterley's Lover" (1981), playing Mellors, and in Agatha Christie's "Evil Under the Sun" (1982), the latter reuniting him with Diana Rigg, his co-star in "The Misanthrope". Director of "Evil" Guy Hamilton said "I was looking for someone like Stewart Granger or Michael Rennie - handsome, dashing, physical, romantic. Nick has it all. A fine sense of timing, the right looks and a good physique."


title: Nicholas Clay

text: For TV Clay was in "The Agatha Christie Hour" (1982), in an adaptation of "In a Glass Darkly" then "Russian Night... 1941" (1983), "The Hound of the Baskervilles" (1983) and "The Last Days of Pompeii" (1984).


title: Nicholas Clay

text: Clay continued working regularly on stage and appeared in a number of made-for-television films and miniseries. In 1984 he played Mike Preston in the "Hammer House of Mystery and Suspense" episode "Child's Play". He did "Das Martyrium des heiligen Sebastian" (1984) in Germany and "The Corsican Brothers" (1985) for TV. Clay was Doctor Percy Trevelyan in an episode of "The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes" entitled "The Resident Patient".


title: Nicholas Clay

text: Clay had support parts in "Sleeping Beauty" (1987), "Lionheart" (1987) and "" (1987). He also appeared in the UK ITV series "Gentlemen and Players" in 1988-89.


title: Nicholas Clay

text: Later appearances included "The New Adventures of Robin Hood", "Zorro", "Kavanagh QC", "Shine on Harvey Moon", "The Odyssey", "Shanghai 1937", "Bugs", "Highlander", "Psychos" and playing Lord Leo in the 1998 TV miniseries "Merlin" starring Sam Neill.


title: Nicholas Clay

text: His final screen appearance was in Roger Ashton-Griffiths' short film "And Beyond". Later theatre work included "Design for Living" (1995).


title: Nicholas Clay

text: In the latter years Clay taught drama at "The Actors' Centre" and the "Academy of Live and Performing Arts", and also worked in association with the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, generally in the role of promoting the organisation, or providing advice to acting students.


title: Nicholas Clay

text: Clay died in London on 25 May 2000, at age 53 from liver cancer. He was interred in the graveyard of St Peter's Church, Sibton, Suffolk.


title: Eve Polastri

text: British author Luke Jennings originally created Polastri's character in an e-book novella series whose segments were published from 2014 through 2016, the series being compiled into the 2018 novel "Codename Villanelle," which was followed by a 2019 sequel, "."


title: Eve Polastri

text: In the novel's BBC America television series adaptation "Killing Eve" (2018—2022), the character is portrayed by Canadian-American actress Sandra Oh.


title: Eve Polastri

text: Eve Polastri is a lead character in Luke Jennings' four-segment novella series (2014–2016), whose compilation forms his 2018 novel "Codename Villanelle." The 2018—2022 television series "Killing Eve," created by British writer-actor Phoebe Waller-Bridge, is based on Jennings' novellas. In the television series, Polastri was born in the U.K., allowing her to hold a British government job, but raised in the U.S., explaining her North American accent. American actress Maya Rudolph said in 2022 that she had turned down the part, but turned it down because filming was to take place in Europe.


title: Eve Polastri

text: Eve Polastri is an MI5 security operative whose job as "an intelligence agency grunt" once involved more paper pushing than intrigue, her intellectual curiosity going unrewarded and underemployed by her superiors. After being called into a meeting about a recent assassination, Polastri speculates that the killer is a woman and, after a series of plot twists, the deskbound MI5 agent suddenly becomes an MI6 foreign intelligence operative tasked with finding the killer.


title: Eve Polastri

text: Polastri becomes involved in a cat-and-mouse game with the psychopathic hired assassin Villanelle (portrayed by Jodie Comer), the two women becoming mutually obsessed and sharing what has been called a "crackling chemistry... between bitter enemies and would-be lovers". Agent Polastri tracks assassin Villanelle across Europe, not as hero and villain but as "two broken women whose flaws bind them together in a twisted "pas de deux"."


title: Eve Polastri

text: Polastri has been described as a competent professional going through "a bizarre, uncontrollable awakening" and as an "awkward, smart, not entirely self-aware woman with an impressive mass of curly hair". Though Polastri initially presents as if she were a comedic supporting character, her "steeliness" and other strengths manifest, even in situations in which Villanelle has the upper hand. Her "instincts and resolve have to make up for her inexperience and her tendency to scream like a terrified child in the face of danger". Polastri "remains bound to the notion of being right and doing right", and is much more down to earth and approachable than conventional crime-solver characters. Series creator Phoebe Waller-Bridge said that Polastri is an "Everywoman" to whom people can relate, wanting an easy life but craving an extraordinary one.


title: Eve Polastri

text: Actor Sandra Oh remarked that Polastri lacks super-spy skills and James Bond gadgets, but has good instincts and general sense, a head on her shoulders and determination. Though Oh said that honesty is Polastri's superpower, the character has been described as being "cursed with zero poker-face game, a hilarious liability for a spy". While characterized as "a highly capable hot mess, the kind of unlikely hero who's always just on the edge of moral ruination", Polastri's determination is said to make up for her lack of guile. Polastri is "Clarice Starling or Sherlock Holmes, but she's also Lucy Ricardo or Selina Meyer".


title: Eve Polastri

text: Writer-showrunner Phoebe Waller-Bridge explained that Polastri has a "sense of self-consciousness and guilt" that cripples her—a perfect counterpoint to Villanelle, who, as Ashley Boucher noted in "TheWrap," only does things that might bring joy. Jia Tolentino wrote in "The New Yorker" that the way Polastri "slips in and out of the register of self-humiliation is one of the show's great delights".


title: Eve Polastri

text: Though having a nice job and a loving partner, Polastri has been described as bored and impatient. Her obsession with Villanelle is "rooted in the potential of an alternate lifestyle" and "opens up an entry point into a new life" and Polastri is "flirting not only with another person but also with a version of herself that she sees reflected through Villanelle".


title: Eve Polastri

text: Actor Sandra Oh remarked that Polastri's "darkness is not apparent at the very beginning (but) as her relationship (with Villanelle) continues to grow, ... she really discovers what's inside of herself. ... So (if) your question is, "would it be more fun to play the psychopath?," well, who says I'm not?"


title: Eve Polastri

text: After series 2, Oh described how there are things Polastri believes she cannot do, but she actually does, though she must deal with the resulting trauma. Polastri "draws the line", not only with Carolyn (showing loyalty to Villanelle after they use Villanelle to carry out their plans) but also with Villanelle (walking away from Villanelle when she asserts "I love you... You're mine"). It was observed that Eve's axe killing of Raymond turns the show's title on its head: is Villanelle "killing Eve" or is it that "Eve became 'killing Eve'—an Eve who kills?"