title: The Tombs

text: The Tombs is the colloquial name for the Manhattan Detention Complex (formerly the Bernard B. Kerik Complex), a municipal jail in Lower Manhattan at 125 White Street, and also the nickname for three previous city-run jails in the former Five Points neighborhood of lower Manhattan, in an area now known as the Civic Center.


title: The Tombs

text: The original Tombs was officially known as the Halls of Justice, built in 1838 in an Egyptian Revival architectural style, similar in form to a mastaba. It may have been this style that caused it to be called 'the Tombs', although other theories exist. It was built as a replacement for the Colonial-era Bridewell Prison located in City Hall Park, built in 1735. The new structure incorporated material, mainly granite, from the demolished Bridewell to save money.


title: The Tombs

text: The first complex to have the nickname was an Egyptian Revival design by John Haviland completed in 1838. There was a rumor at the time that the building was inspired by a picture of an Egyptian tomb that appeared in John Lloyd Stephens' "Incidents of Travel in Egypt", although this appears to be untrue. The building was 253 feet, 3 inches in length and 200 feet, 5 inches wide, and it occupied a full block, surrounded by Centre Street, Franklin Street, Elm Street (today's Lafayette), and Leonard Street. It initially accommodated about 300 prisoners, and $250,000 was allocated in 1835 to build it, but various cost overruns occurred prior to completion of the project.


title: The Tombs

text: The building site had been created by filling in the Collect Pond that was the principal water source for Colonial New York City. Industrialization and population density by the late 18th century resulted in the severe pollution of the Collect, so it was condemned, drained, and filled in by 1817. The landfill job was poorly done, however, and the ground began to subside in less than 10 years. The resulting swampy, foul-smelling conditions transformed the neighborhood into a slum known as Five Points by the time that prison construction started in 1838. The heavy masonry of Haviland's design was built atop vertical piles of lashed hemlock tree trunks in a bid for stability, but the entire structure began to sink soon after it was opened. This damp foundation was primarily responsible for its unsanitary conditions in the decades that followed. Charles Dickens wrote about the jail in "American Notes": "Such indecent and disgusting dungeons as these cells, would bring disgrace upon the most despotic empire in the world!"


title: The Tombs

text: The Tombs' formal title was The New York Halls of Justice and House of Detention, as it housed the city's courts, police, and detention facilities. It was a notable example of Egyptian Revival architecture, although opinion varied greatly concerning its actual merit. As Dickens wrote: "What is this dismal fronted pile of bastard Egyptian, like an enchanter's palace in a melodrama?"


title: The Tombs

text: The prison was well known for its corruption and was the scene of numerous scandals and escapes during its early history. A fire destroyed part of the building on November 18, 1842, the same day that a notorious killer named John C. Colt was due to be hanged. Apparently it was an escape attempt on Colt's part that failed, and he fatally stabbed himself in his cell. Convicted murderer and New York City politician William J. Sharkey earned national notoriety for escaping from the prison disguised as a woman on November 22, 1872. He was never captured and his fate is unknown.


title: The Tombs

text: Rebecca Salome Foster, a prison relief worker and missionary, became known as "the Tombs Angel" for her efforts to help and advocate on behalf of the many poor people held in squalid conditions at the Tombs. A monument to her, built in 1902 and put in storage in 1940, was rededicated in 2019 in the New York State Supreme Court's lobby.


title: The Tombs

text: In 1902, the 1838 building was replaced by a million-dollar City Prison featuring an eight-story Châteauesque facade with conical towers along Centre Street, bounded by Centre Street, White Street, Elm Street (today's Lafayette), and Leonard Street.


title: The Tombs

text: The architects were Frederick Clarke Withers and Walter Dickson from Albany, who had been partners since the 1880s. This was their final major commission. In September 1900, the architects complained that construction would be delayed for a year and cost an additional $250,000 due to the unnecessary insertion of corrupt Tammany Hall architects Horgan and Slattery into the project.


title: The Tombs

text: The building was connected to the 1892 Manhattan Criminal Courts Building with a "Bridge of Sighs", crossing four stories above Franklin Street. There was also an Annex with another 144 cells that was finished in 1884.


title: The Tombs

text: The 1902 prison was replaced in 1941 by a high-rise facility across the street on the east side of Centre Street. The 795,000 square foot Art Deco architecture facility was designed by architects Harvey Wiley Corbett and Charles B. Meyers.


title: The Tombs

text: The facility is the northernmost of the four 15-story towers of the New York City Criminal Courts Building at 100 Centre Street, bounded by Centre Street, White Street, Baxter Street, and Hogan Place. The three southern towers are wings of a single integrated structure sharing a five-story "crown" which house the city's Criminal and Supreme Courts, city offices, and various departments, including the headquarters of the Department of Corrections. The northern tower is freestanding, with the separate address of 125 White Street. It was officially named the Manhattan House of Detention for Men (MHD), although it was still referred to popularly as The Tombs.


title: The Tombs

text: By 1969, the Tombs ranked as the worst of the city's jails, both in overall conditions and in overcrowding. It held an average of 2,000 inmates in spaces designed for 925. Inmates rioted on August 10, 1970, after multiple warnings about falling budgets, aging facilities, and rising populations, and after an informational picket of City Hall by union correctional officers drawing attention to the pressures. Rioters took command of the entire ninth floor, and five officers were held hostage for eight hours, until state officials agreed to hear prisoner grievances and take no punitive action against the rioters. Despite that promise, Mayor John Lindsay had the primary troublemakers shipped upstate to the state's Attica Correctional Facility which likely contributed to the Attica Prison riot about a year later.


title: The Tombs

text: Within a month after the riot, the New York City Legal Aid Society filed a landmark class action suit on behalf of pre-trial detainees held in the Tombs. The city decided to close the Tombs on December 20, 1974, after years of litigation and after federal judge Morris E. Lasker agreed that the prison's conditions were so bad as to be unconstitutional. They shipped the remaining 400 inmates to Rikers Island, where conditions were not much better.


title: The Tombs

text: Today, the Manhattan Detention Complex consists of a South Tower, the former Manhattan House of Detention remodeled and reopened in 1983, and a North Tower across White Street, completed in 1990. The complex still houses only male inmates, most of them pretrial detainees. The total capacity of the two buildings is nearly 900 people.


title: The Tombs

text: In the fall of 2020, the city planned to close the complex prior to the end of November 2020, according to an article in the New York Daily News.


title: The Tombs

text: The current jail was named The Bernard B. Kerik Complex in December 2001 at the direction of New York City mayor Rudolph Giuliani. Kerik was commissioner of the New York City Department of Corrections from 1998 to 2000 before becoming police commissioner. New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg ordered his name removed after he pleaded guilty to two misdemeanors in 2006, committed during his tenure as a city employee.


title: Nora Aunor

text: Nora Cabaltera Villamayor (born May 21, 1953), professionally known as Nora Aunor (), is a Filipino actress, recording artist, and film producer. Aunor has also appeared in several stage plays, television shows and concerts. She is known as Philippine cinema's "Superstar" and conferred as Philippine National Artist for Film and Broadcast Arts. "The Hollywood Reporter" called her "The Grand Dame of Philippine Cinema" for her performance in the movie "Taklub" and her contribution to the Philippine film industry.


title: Nora Aunor

text: Aunor started her career as a singer, after winning a local talent search. She rose to fame in the following years as both a singer and actress. After her film debut "All Over the World (1967)", she transitioned into heavy drama with highly acclaimed performances in films such as "Tatlong Taong Walang Diyos" (1976), "Minsa'y Isang Gamu-gamo" (1976), "Ina Ka ng Anak Mo" (1979), "Himala" (1982), "Bulaklak sa City Jail" (1984), and "Bona" (1980). In the following decades, her performances in "The Flor Contemplacion Story" (1995), "Thy Womb" (2012), and "Dementia" (2014) gave her further international recognition and numerous international awards and nominations.


title: Nora Aunor

text: For her work, Aunor received 17 FAMAS Award nominations and is a "Hall of Fame" inductee, winning five Best Actress Awards. She is the most nominated actress in the history of the Gawad Urian Awards with 21 nominations, winning seven, and the only performer to be chosen as one of The Best Actors and Actresses of the Decade in three different decades (1980s, 1990s, and 2010s) by the same awards body. She has won eight trophies from PMPC Star Awards for her work in television and movies, as well as eight Metro Manila Film Festival, four Luna Awards, five Young Critics Circle Awards, a Cairo Film Festival award, an Asia Pacific Screen Awards, an Asian Film Awards, among others.


title: Nora Aunor

text: On June 10, 2022, Aunor was conferred as one of the National Artist of the Philippines for Film and Broadcasting/Broadcast Arts.


title: Nora Aunor

text: Nora Aunor was born as Nora Cabaltera Villamayor in Barrio San Francisco, Iriga, Camarines Sur to Antonia Cabaltera and Eustacio Villamayor. She has nine siblings, including Eddie Villamayor, a former actor. When Nora was growing up, her grandmother Lola Theresa taught her to sing; the first song she learned was "The Way of a Clown". Her aunt, Belen Aunor, taught her diction, interpretation, and expression while singing, and gave her her screen name. Before her fame, she lived a poverty stricken childhood and survived by selling peanuts on the buses and cold water in front of the Bicol Express Train Station. She became a champion at the "Darigold Jamboree" radio singing contest, singing her winning piece "You and the Night and the Music." After that, she won in another radio singing contest, "The Liberty Big Show". She entered the national singing contest, "Tawag ng Tanghalan", was defeated on her first try, but became a champion on her second attempt. The Grand National Finals of "Tawag ng Tanghalan" was on May 29, 1967, where she sang "Moonlight Becomes You."


title: Nora Aunor

text: Aunor went to Mabini Memorial College (1959 to 1960) when she was in the first grade and transferred to Nichols Air Base Elementary School (1960 to 1962) when she reached the second grade. She finished high school at Generosa de Leon Memorial College in Paranaque, a branch of Centro Escolar University.


title: Nora Aunor

text: Aunor was married to actor Christopher de Leon on January 25, 1975, in a civil ceremony. She and De León have one biological child: actor Ian de León (born 1975) and four adopted children Lotlot De Leon Matet de Leon, Kiko and Kenneth. She and her husband renewed their vows on January 27, 1976, in a religious service officiated by Rev Alleysius Rodríguez. The couple later separated, and their marriage was dissolved in 1996.


title: Nora Aunor

text: Aunor became a permanent resident of the United States in 2008, but retains her Filipino citizenship. In 2011, she came back to the Philippines to resume her acting and singing career after an 8-year hiatus.


title: Nora Aunor

text: After winning the local talent search, Tawag ng Tanghalan in 1967, she made her first appearance as a guest at Timi Yuro's Araneta Coliseum concert. She made her first TV appearance as a guest in "An Evening with Pilita" hosted by Pilita Corrales and "Carmen on Camera" hosted by Carmen Soriano.


title: Nora Aunor

text: On October 2, 1967, Aunor signed an eight-picture non-exclusive contract with Sampaguita Pictures, with the assurance that she would be given a singing part. Aunor made several youth-oriented films like "All Over World" and "Way Out of the Country".


title: Nora Aunor

text: From September to December 1967 Aunor had supporting and minor roles in six films. Meanwhile, she made several singles like "Moonlight Becomes You" and "There's Just Forever" for Citation Records, and "No Return, No Exchange" and "You are My First Love" for Jasper Recording. 1968 was a less busy time; she only had minor roles in three films, mostly for musical numbers.


title: Nora Aunor

text: By the beginning of 1969, she appeared in such movies as "9 Teeners", a popular TV show that time, and "Young Girl", where she was teamed up for the first time with Tirso Cruz III. That year her contract with Sampaguita Pictures expired and she made movies with other studios, including "Banda 24" and "Drakulita for Barangay", "Oh Delilah", "Karate Showdown", "Pabandying-Bandying" and "Adriana".


title: Nora Aunor

text: Tower Records gave Aunor her first starring role opposite Tirso Cruz III, the "D' Musical Teenage Idols" by Tower Productions, directed by Artemio Marquez, was shown on September 23, 1969. Three days after, on September 26, 1969, Sampaguita Pictures released its 34th-anniversary presentation, "Fiesta Extravaganza".


title: Nora Aunor

text: "Superstar" holds the record as the longest-running musical variety show on Philippine prime-time TV. On December 19, 1969, during the coronation of Nora as muse of Sampaguita Family Club, Tirso gave her a doll "Maria Leonora Theresa", which reportedly became the most popular doll in Philippine showbiz history.


title: Nora Aunor

text: Aunor continued to make teeny-bopper movies alongside Tirso Cruz III. They are known as Guy and Pip to their fans. Their biggest film, "Guy and Pip", stayed in the cinemas for six months, had an unprecedented record-breaking box-office gross, and was seen by more than 4 million Filipinos. Adjusted for ticket-price inflation, Guy and Pip's P8-million gross in 1971 is equivalent to P560-million at 2009 average ticket prices.


title: Nora Aunor

text: On April 2, 1970, 17-year-old Aunor signed an exclusive contract with Tower Records and was sued by Sampaguita Pictures for Breach of Contract. Nora eventually graduated from being a teen idol to dramatic actress she received her first Best Actress award in 1972 for her film "And God Smiled at Me" from Quezon City Film Festival. She was first nominated as a best actress in FAMAS (Filipino Academy for Movies, Arts and Sciences) for "A Gift of Love". From 1972 to 1986 she was nominated consecutively for Best Actress by the FAMAS, the only actor or actress to ever achieve the feat. During this time, she also released several albums.


title: Nora Aunor

text: In 1973, Aunor established her own movie production company, "NV Productions" and produced its first movie entitled "Carmela". She was again nominated in the 22nd FAMAS Awards for "Paru-parung Itim". She made "Fe, Esperanza, Caridad" (1974) another critically acclaimed movie which was directed by three different directors namely Cirio H. Santiago and two National Artists for film; Gerardo de Leon and Lamberto V. Avellana. This movie earned Nora her third nomination from the 23rd FAMAS Awards.


title: Nora Aunor

text: She also produced and starred in the movie "Banaue: Stairway to the Sky" (1975) which was directed by national artist Gerardo de Leon. This is a story about the tribe of Ifugao and their struggles to achieve the promised land. Aunor received her fourth nomination from FAMAS Awards. Her co-star, fast-rising actor Christopher de Leon, later became her husband the father of her only son, Ian Kristoffer De Leon.


title: Nora Aunor

text: In 1976, Aunor produced the movie "Alkitrang Dugo" through her own movie production company, NV Productions. This movie was based on the novel "Lord of the Flies" by the Nobel Prize-winning English author Sir William Golding.


title: Nora Aunor

text: Aunor continued making critically acclaimed movies like the period drama Tatlong Taong Walang Diyos. She played the role of a school Teacher, named Rosario, who experienced the atrocities of World War II. Her very convincing performance made her win the first ever best actress award from the Manunuri ng Pelikulang Pilipino (Gawad Urian Award) and her first Best Actress Award from FAMAS. it was also considered by many as one of the greatest Filipino movies of all time. The double victory is considered by many as the first acting grand slam since there were only two award giving bodies for movies at that time. Before the year ended, Aunor made "Minsa'y Isang Gamu-gamo" (1976). This is the story of Corazon de la Cruz, a nurse who wanted to go to America to give a better future for her family, but her brother was shot by an American soldier on the eve of her flight to America. Knowing that the administration of President Ferdinand Marcos would not allow the public showing of any films criticizing the American existence in the Philippines, the producers tapped Aunor to star in the film believing that the superstar had connections with the president and his wife, former First Lady, Imelda Marcos. This film was the official entry of Premiere Productions to the 1976 Metro Manila Film Festival.


title: Nora Aunor

text: In 1977, Aunor had a chance to do a romantic-comedy movie with the king of the Philippine movie Fernando Poe Jr. The title of the movie is "Little Christmas Tree". The film was shown on November 25, 1977, and it was a blockbuster hit. This is the only collaboration between the two of the biggest stars of the Philippine movies. On December 25, 1977, her movie "Bakya mo Neneng" was the official entry of JE Productions to the 1977 Metro Manila Film Festival. She was paired to then movie actor and former Philippine President Joseph Estrada.


title: Nora Aunor

text: In 1978 FAMAS Awards, Aunor received another nomination for her movie "Bakya Mo Neneng", this is her six straight nomination from the academy. However, she failed to win an award but the movie won Best Picture. She also did a movie, "Ikaw ay Akin", with Vilma Santos and Christopher de Leon. This film gave Aunor her second nomination as best actress from Gawad Urian.


title: Nora Aunor

text: Later that year, her movie "Atsay" was the official entry to the 1978 Metro Manila Film Festival. It is one of the two best entries of the film festival along with "Rubia Servios" directed by Lino Brocka. "Atsay" was the only film to have won the Best Performer in the Metro Manila Film Festival history. In that year, the organizers decided to give just one citation for performers (no best actor nor actress nor supporting actor nor actress award) but only the Best Performer Award.


title: Nora Aunor

text: Aunor was awarded the Best Performer award for her performance in this movie. Amy Austria who played a supporting role in this movie was a nominee for the Best Performer award. The film festival organizers wanted to have a gender sensitivity by stopping such sexist award. The move, however, was scrapped the following year. "Atsay" also received the Best Picture Award, Romeo Vitug for Best Cinematography and Eddie Garcia for Best Director. Aunor was nominated for the seventh time at the 27th FAMAS Awards.


title: Nora Aunor

text: Before the end of the decade, she made two more movies for the 1979 Metro Manila Film Festival, "Kasal-Kasalan, Bahay-Bahayan" and "Ina ka ng Anak Mo". Both lead actresses, Nora Aunor and veteran actress Lolita Rodriguez, were recognized as Best Actresses at the film fest award's night for the film "Ina ka ng Anak Mo". The same film won best director for Brocka, Best Actor for Raoul Aragon and Best Picture. Aunor was also nominated and won at the 28th FAMAS Awards for her role. This was Aunor's second FAMAS Best Actress Award.


title: Nora Aunor

text: In the 1980s Aunor continued to do quality films as well as commercial movies. Her first movie in the decade was "Nakaw na Pag-ibig", another collaboration of Aunor and the National Artist for film Lino Brocka together with Hilda Koronel and Phillip Salvador, both of whom were Brocka protégés. However, the movie didn't do well in the box office. That same year, Aunor made a movie with Mario O'Hara after so many years. They made "Kastilyong Buhangin" with now Senator Lito Lapid as her screen leading man. The movie turned out to be monster hit. Before 1980 ended, two of Aunor's film were part of the 1980 Metro Manila Film Festival as official entries. "Kung Akoy Iiwan Mo", directed by Laurice Guillen with Christopher de Leon and Roly Quizon. She played the role of Beatrice Alcala, a singing superstar, and how she showed her complex emotion through singing. The film won Best Sound Engineering and Best Cinematography. The other entry was "Bona", a film by Lino Brocka. During the 1980 MMFF, there were three nominees for Best Actress: Aunor for "Bona", Aunor for "Kung Akoý Iiwan Mo", and eventual winner Amy Austria for "Brutal". Aunor won her second Gawad Urian Best Actress for "Bona", tying her with Gina Alajar, who won for "Brutal"; Aunor


title: Nora Aunor

text: won her ninth Best Actress nomination from the 29th FAMAS Awards for the same movie. The film was also shown at the 1981 Cannes International Film Festival as an entry to the Director's Fortnight. In September 1982, the film competed at Figueira da Foz International Film Festival in Portugal and won the Premio de le Juri de la Federacion Internationale des Cine Clubs (Jury Prize of the International Federation of Cinema Clubs). It was the only Filipino Film cited as one of "The Best 100 Films in the World" by the Museum of Tolerance in Los Angeles, USA (1997). It is the only Filipino film to be archived at The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York.


title: Nora Aunor

text: In 1981, Aunor made six movies most of them are romantic-comedy like the blockbusters "Totoo Ba ang Tsismis" with Gabby Concepcion, "Ibalik ang Swerti", with the ReyCards Duet, "Dalaga si Mister, Binata si Misis" with Christopher de Leon, and "Rock N Roll", which was the official entry to the 1981 Metro Manila Film Festival. This film was also one of the top grosser of the said film fest. Aunor made only one serious drama that year, "Bakit bughaw ang langit?". Aunor received her 10th FAMAS Best Actress nomination and 5th nomination from Gawad Urian for her performance in this film. She won best actress from the Catholic Mass Media Awards. Unfortunately, no print of this film is known to officially exist.


title: Nora Aunor

text: Aunor continued to make romantic comedy films in 1982, such as "Annie Sabungera" with Ace Vergel, "Palengke Queen" with Matt Ranillo III. In the same year, Aunor starred in films that drew acclaim for her performances. The first one is "Mga Uod at Rosas", a story of a struggling artist who is frustrated with life and has been entertaining the thought of giving up his art. Aunor played Socorro, a landlady daughter who falls for the painter who is in love with a model. The art of painting plays a central and integrative role in this film. This film gave Aunor her 11th nomination from FAMAS. The other one is in "T-Bird at Ako", Aunor essayed the role of a lesbian who falls for a woman. Aunor in "Himala" played the role of a young woman, who claimed to have seen the Virgin Mary. The film became the first Filipino film to be included in the "Competition Section" of the prestigious Berlin International Film Festival and received many international awards like Bronze Hugo Awards, 19th Chicago Film Festival (1983) (winner), Asia-Pacific Film Festival Special Achievement for Best Depiction of Socially Involved Religion (1983), and Best Asian-Pacific Movie of All Time, CNN APSA Viewers Choice Award (2008)


title: Nora Aunor

text: In 1984, Aunor only made three films. She portrayed an Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW) who works as a nurse in America and her struggles to fight loneliness and homesickness in "'Merika". The film also tackles the story of Filipino illegal aliens who will do anything just to get a Green card. Directed by Gil Portes, Aunor's performance in this film gave her the very first best actress trophy from, (PMPC) Star Awards for Movies and her eighth Gawad Urian best actress nomination. The next film was given an "A" Rating by the Film Ratings Board, Condemned is a story of siblings Yolly (Aunor) and Efren (Dan Alvaro), and how their lives changed when Efren worked as a driver and a hired killer for ruthless money laundering lady Connie played by (Gloria Romero). The best scene of the film is the final confrontation between Yolly and Connie over the missing half million dollars makes for a gripping film-noir drama. The third and the last of this 1984 Nora Aunor Classic is "Bulaklak sa City Jail", the film depicts the bad and sad situation of women in the City Jail and the only way to survive this gruesome situation is to turn yourself from the hunted to a hunter. The film was an official entry to the 1984 Metro Manila Film Festival, for her role as a pregnant prisoner and a victim of injustice, Angela Aguilar, Aunor won best actress from Metro Manila Film Festival, Catholic Mass Media Awards and her third best actress trophy from FAMAS. At the Gawad Urian that year, Aunor was a double nominee for Best Actress for the films "Bulaklak sa City Jail" and "Merika", the first actor to achieve such. She was also nominated for Best Actress at the Film Academy of the Philippines for "Bulaklak sa Ciy Jail".


title: Nora Aunor

text: In 1985, Aunor made five films. The first was "Beloved", where Aunor reunited with Christopher de Leon together with Hilda Koronel and Dindo Fernando. The film is about four people who are torn between the love of power and the power of love and infidelity. The film was also serialized in King Komiks. Next was "Tinik sa Dibdib" as Lorna, a long-suffering daughter of irresponsible parents who drove her to marry a security guard, who himself is the breadwinner of a very dysfunctional family. Her next project was "Till We Meet Again". This was followed by an anthology film "Mga Kwento ni Lola Basyang", which was even stronger at the box-office, and finally, "I Can't Stop Loving You", an entry to the year-end Metro Manila Film Festival, which was a top-grosser for that year.


title: Nora Aunor

text: For the next three years, she slowed down in making films releasing only a handful including her final team-up with Dolphy, "My Bugoy Goes to Congress", which was a hit during the time that it was released. Other films she made were "I Love You Mama, I Love You Papa", in which she co-starred with her estranged husband, Christopher de Leon and their children, Lotlot and Ian Kristoffer; "Sana Mahalin Mo Ako"; "Tatlong Ina, Isang Anak"; and "Balut...Penoy".


title: Nora Aunor

text: 1989 was a bittersweet year for Aunor. She filmed "Bilangin ang mga Bituin sa Langit", about the rise and fall of a poor, hard-working, and determined barrio lass and her lifetime stormy relationship with a childhood sweetheart. "Bilangin ang Bituin sa Langit" is a film for which Aunor won Best Actress in Gawad Urian, FAMAS, and FAP. On the other hand, her longtime musical-variety show "Superstar" was cancelled on October 1, 1989. They tried to revive the show when then transferred to Channel 13 on November 25, 1989, but it didn't last long.


title: Nora Aunor

text: In the 1990s Aunor only made 10 films, a far cry from earlier decades where she made up to 10 movies a year. Showbiz insiders and others were saying that Aunor's popularity was waning. But most of these 10 movies were critically acclaimed and won not only local but international awards. Aunor also did three stages plays, the first two produced by Philippine Educational Theater Association (PETA), and performed her first major concert.


title: Nora Aunor

text: In the first of these films Aunor portrayed an activist who went to the mountains to search for her husband who has been killed by the military. In the 1990 film "Andrea, Paano Ba ang Maging Isang Ina?", Aunor plays a NPA rebel who leaves her newborn baby to search for her husband. The film won for Aunor all the Best Actress Awards given by the Philippines' five annual award-giving bodies at that time: Gawad Urian, Star Awards for Movies, Film Academy of the Philippines, and her fifth FAMAS Award for Best Actress, thus elevating her to the Hall of Fame. She won the first Young Critics Circle Award for Best Performance. The film was also the official entry to the 1990 Metro Manila Film Festival and she also won the Best Actress award.


title: Nora Aunor

text: On May 18, 1991, few days before her 38th birthday, she staged her first major concert at the Araneta Coliseum, thus earning the name "concert queen" for filling the big dome with about 30,000 eager fans. Her guests included Gary Valenciano, Mon Faustino, The Hotlegs, The Operas, and many more. Many showbiz personalities came to show their support to Aunor like Sharon Cuneta, Joseph Estrada, Regine Velasquez, Pilita Corrales, Danny Tan, Edgar Mortiz, Juan Rodrigo, Carlo Orosa, Ivy Violan, and others. Later that year, Aunor ventured into the world of theater and showed versatility and genius when she did the stage adaptation of her critically acclaimed film, "Minsa'y Isang Gamu-gamo". It was staged by the Philippine Educational Theater Association (PETA) and helmed by Socrates "Soxy" Topacio, then PETA's artistic head. Rody Vera penned the stage adaptation of Gamu-Gamo. She did two more stage plays, "DH" in 1992 and "The Trojan Women" in 1994.


title: Nora Aunor

text: On December 25, 1991, "Ang Totoong Buhay ni Pacita M." was part of the 1991 Metro Manila Film Festival. The film tells the story of Pacita M., a singer-entertainer in a seedy Quezon City nightclub whose daughter Grace was shot in the head by a stray bullet just as she was preparing to go off to college. Although initially, Pacita held out for a miracle to save her daughter from her vegetative state, eventually she relents and seeks to allow Grace a dignified death by turning off her respirator. The emotional battle becomes a personal epiphany for Pacita. This highly acclaimed film directed by Elwood Perez bravely tackles the sensitive issue of euthanasia. Aunor won numerous awards for her performance, including the Metro Manila Film Festival Best Actress, her fourth Gawad Urian, and her third consecutive Best Actress trophy from the Film Academy of the Philippines. She won from Star Awards and from the Young Critics Circle Award for Best Performance.


title: Nora Aunor

text: In 1992, Aunor was busy with her stage play, "DH", a PETA production. PETA toured the play in North America, Europe, and Hong Kong. On the same year, Aunor returned to television via a once a week drama anthology, "Star Drama Presents NORA". She won the Best Actress Award from Star Awards for Television (Philippine Movie Press Club). In 1994, she won the Best Actress in a Single Performance award from Star Awards for Television (Philippine Movie Press Club)for her performance i "Spotlight" for the episode: "Good Morning, Ma'am". She went back into the recording studio to record bonus tracks for a compilation album to be released in co-operation with Alpha Records and Warner Brothers. The new songs were written by an American songwriter, a neighbor of her sister Tita in San Diego, California. The songs were released as a single but sales suffered after a rumor circulated that Aunor had gotten an abortion while she was in San Diego. The song hit number 12 on the charts after two weeks and dropped off completely on its third week.


title: Nora Aunor

text: In 1994, Aunor received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Film Academy of the Philippines. She is the youngest recipient of this special award. In 1995, Aunor found success in the box office when she starred in the biographical film "The Flor Contemplacion Story", about Filipino domestic worker Flor Contemplacion who was hanged in Singapore for allegedly killing her fellow maid. Her performance in "The Flor Contemplacion Story" got rave reviews earning her first international best actress awards from Cairo International Film Festival, she swept all the Best-Actress awards given by the Philippines' different award-giving bodies, including the Best Performance by Male or Female, Adult or Child, and Individual or Ensemble in Leading or Supporting Role given by the Young Critics Circle Award for Best Performance.


title: Nora Aunor

text: Aunor's other 1995 film was Viva Films' official entry to the 1995 Metro Manila Film Festival. "Muling Umawit ang Puso" is a story of a once-famous actress now struggling to regain her popularity but fails. Winner of 8 awards at the 1995 Metro Manila Film Festival including Best Picture, director, actress, Supporting Actor and Supporting Actress.


title: Nora Aunor

text: In June 1996, Aunor was cast to play Sisa in Premiere Productions' then-upcoming film adaptation of José Rizal's novel "Noli Me Tángere", though the project did not come to fruition. In 1997, Aunor won her second international Best-Actress trophy from 1st East Asia Film and Television Award for her role as a psychotic woman and how she plans her revenge on the family of her parents' killer in "Bakit May Kahapon Pa?".


title: Nora Aunor

text: In 1999, Aunor made only one film, "Sidhi", written by Rolando Tinio, a National Artist for Theater and Literature. Later that same year Aunor received the Centennial Honor for the Arts conferred by the Cultural Center of the Philippines.


title: Nora Aunor

text: In 2002, Aunor returned to Philippine television through her nightly drama show entitled, "Bituin", a Filipino soap opera that was aired by ABS-CBN from September 23, 2002, to May 23, 2003. It starred Carol Banawa and Desiree del Valle, Aunor and Cherie Gil. The show is very consistent as one of the top rating shows of ABS-CBN, its highest rating was 48.7% for the "Ultimate Showdown: The Diva VS The Supernova" of Melody and Bernadette at the Araneta Coliseum, while the lowest was 29.5%, its fifth episode. Bituin was shown in different countries including Malaysia, Ghana and Cambodia.


title: Nora Aunor

text: In 2004, Aunor made her last film shot entirely in the Philippines before she went on hiatus for almost 8 years. "Naglalayag" tells the story of a May–December affair between a middle-aged judge and a young taxi driver. It sparkles because of superb acting by Aunor and Yul Servo. Aunor portrayed a judge who recently presided over a well publicized criminal case trial. Her character Dorinda is a 50-year-old widow with a twenty-something-year-old son, Yul Servo played Noah Garcia, a courteous and charming taxi driver who keeps a rosary in his pocket and shares stories from the Bible. Stranded with a non-operational taxi, the 23-year-old novice driver Noah offers shelter to his passenger. The performances by Aunor and Servo gave them their international acting awards at the 31st Festival International du Film Indépendant de Bruxelles and the film won the jury prize, they also received local recognition.


title: Nora Aunor

text: On December 1, 2005, Aunor received her own star on the Philippines Walk of Fame. She was one of the first inductees. This project was spearheaded by German Moreno. For the first time since she was inducted, Aunor visited her star on August 7, 2011, she even laid down to her star as the TV cameras documented the event.


title: Nora Aunor

text: While in the United States, Aunor did two independently produced films namely "Ingrata" and "Care Home". Even with only some limited run in few Metro Manila theaters, the films, particularly "Care Home", was still able to score for Aunor critical praise and even nominations for Best Actress, specially from PMPC STAR Awards for Movies in 2007.


title: Nora Aunor

text: At the start of the decade, she was still doing series of concert in the United States and Canada performing to Filipino communities and to her fans as well. In February 2010, Aunor was shortlisted by the Green Globe Film Awards which was later renamed to Green Planet Movie Awards as one of the 10 Best Asian Actresses of the Decade. On March 23, 2010, Aunor was named one of the 10 Best Asian Actresses along with Gong Li and Maggie Cheung. She is the only Filipino actress to be shortlisted and won this award.


title: Nora Aunor

text: Aunor underwent plastic surgery as part of her plan to return to show business. The legendary actress has been absent for years, and 2010 may be Nora's comeback year. She jumpstarted her career via two endorsement deals in Japan and one of them as an endorser of a Japanese Aesthetic and Lasix Center. However, something went wrong, Aunor lost her "Golden Voice" which propelled her to superstardom in the Philippine Showbiz Industry. During her concert in May 2010 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Aunor tearfully announced that it would be her last concert as she could no longer sing. Her voice was hoarse and raspy.


title: Nora Aunor

text: As early as December 2010, news of Aunor's comeback to the Philippines was all over the news in both TV and broadsheets but there were no formal confirmations yet. Finally on August 2, 2011, Tuesday, Nora finally came back to the Philippines via Philippine Airlines flight 103.


title: Nora Aunor

text: On her return, Aunor signed a 3-year contract with TV5, she did a mini series, "Sa Ngalan ng Ina", and a historical film with Governor ER Ejercito entitled "El Presidente", a biopic of the first Philippine President Emilio Aguinaldo intended for 2012 Metro Manila Film Festival, in which she played the role of Aguinaldo's second wife Maria Agoncillo. Also in 2011, she received eight Lifetime Achievement Awards for film and music from different award giving bodies.


title: Nora Aunor

text: "Sa Ngalan ng Ina" was the first project of Aunor after her return, she starred with Christopher de Leon and Bembol Roco. It was also the last directorial job of the late Mario O'Hara. "Sa Ngalan ng Ina" is a film made for television or a miniseries is a political drama about a widow that ran as a governor when her husband was assassinated. In his review, film critic Noel Vera point out that the show is rare creature in Philippine television, the political melodrama. Longer and more complex soap operas have been mounted on Philippine television before, and politics has been touched upon before, but far as I can recall there has never been a series (the exact name of the genre is, I believe, the teleserye) fully driven by politics, hinging upon the election into office and subsequent administration of the main character. All of the performances were great especially Aunor which gave her a nomination from Golden Screen TV Awards and a best actress trophy from 2012 Star Awards for Television. This miniseries would be the last collaboration between Aunor and O'hara before his death from leukemia.


title: Nora Aunor

text: In 2012, Aunor collaborated with the Cannes best director awardee Brillante Mendoza for the film "Thy Womb" which was part of the 69th Venice International Film Festival. In the film, Aunor plays Shaleha, a barren Badjao midwife who helps her husband look for a wife who can bear a child. The film was nominated for Golden Lion for Best Film and Volpi Cup for best actress for Aunor. On the eve of Venice awards rites, Aunor was chosen by an independent film critics, the "Premio Della Critica Indipendiente" as their best performer and gave her the Bisato d’Oro.


title: Nora Aunor

text: In November 2012, Aunor won the Best Actress Award from 6th Asia Pacific Screen Award and Best director for the same film. By virtue of her nomination from Asia Pacific Screen Award, she became the first Filipino actor to be inducted as a member of Asia Pacific Screen Academy. She was also nominated at the 55th Asia Pacific Film Festival, Dubai International Film Festival, 43rd International Film Festival of India, and won Best Actress at the 7th Asian Film Awards.


title: Nora Aunor

text: Also in 2012, Aunor guested in "Enchanted Garden" a fantasy-drama TV series. She played the role of Nana Sela a faith healer who happens to be Queen Oleya. She guested in "Third Eye". In 2013, she returned to TV via her new soap opera, "Never Say Goodbye". In 2013, she finished "Ang Kwento ni Mabuti" an official entry to the 1st CineFilipino film Festival directed by acclaimed director Mes de Guzman. The film is a morality tale set in rural Nueva Vizcaya. In the film, Aunor spoke Ilocano, the language of that area.


title: Nora Aunor

text: On May 21, 2013, Aunor celebrated her 60th birthday dubbed as "Nora at 60" at the Meralco Multi-Purpose Hall. The venue was transformed into a virtual museum as posters of her classic films adorned the lobby and the hallway leading to the ballroom.


title: Nora Aunor

text: On June 18, 2013, Aunor won the Gawad Urian Best Actress Award for the movie "Thy Womb". This was her 17th nomination and her 7th win.


title: Nora Aunor

text: On August 30, 2013, Aunor won her 4th international Best Actress award from the 3rd Sakhalin International Film Festival in Russia for the movie "Thy Womb". Aunor wasn't able to attend the awarding ceremony but the award was received on her behalf by her director Brillante Mendoza who attended the Festival together with his writer Henry Burgos.


title: Nora Aunor

text: 2014 is the busiest year for Aunor after she came back from her hiatus. She started the year by filming her second tele-movie/miniseries with TV5 entitled "When I Fall in Love", The miniseries was directed by Joel Lamangan. Aunor portrays Fely, a devoted wife, who takes care of Armando (Tirso Cruz III), the husband who has pancreatic cancer. The made-for-TV movie had its premiere showing in January 2014 and was seen on TV in February 2014.


title: Nora Aunor

text: Aunor was honored as one of the "People of the Year" by People Asia magazine on January 21, 2014. In the promotional news of TV5, Aunor was announced to top-bill a TV5's musical-drama, "Trenderas", which tells the tale of how three musically gifted young ladies rise from being sidewalk vendors to YouTube-famous singers. Aunor will play the role of Celina Palomar, a famous singer who mysteriously disappeared at the height of her popularity. After years of living a life of a recluse, music finds Celina again through three young, talented, and hopeful singers.


title: Nora Aunor

text: On February 2, 2014, Aunor received her second Ani ng Dangal]Award from the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (Philippines) or NCCA. The Ani ng Dangal (Harvest of Honors) Awards recognizes artists who have earned international awards and accolades during the past year. in 2013, Aunor won 2 international Best Actress award from the 7th Asian Film Awards in Hong Kong and 3rd Sakhalin International Film Festival in Russia.


title: Nora Aunor

text: On July 18, 2014, the University of the Philippines College of Mass Communication announced that for the year 2014, the recipient of Gawad Plaridel is Nora Aunor for Television, Music and Film.


title: Nora Aunor

text: Aunor made four films in 2014 and one of them was "Hustisya", which is part of the 10th Cinemalaya Independent Film Festival. This is the first time that Aunor participated in the said Film festival. "Hustisya" is a story of a woman who works for a human trafficking agency controlled by a powerful syndicate. The movie was directed by the director Joel Lamangan and was penned by Ricky Lee. On August 10, 2014, during the awards night of the Cinemalays Independent Film Festival, Aunor won her first Best Actress award, she was so thankful for the award and promised to continue making meaningful movies and her movies will be an inspiration to the youth. The movie, was also declared by the Filmfest organizers as the box-office winner during its weeklong run.


title: Nora Aunor

text: Before the middle of the year, Aunor has finished three other movies aside from Hustisya. One is a psychological horror drama entitled "Dementia" directed by newcomer director Perci Intalan. The other two movies, "Padre de Pamilya" and "Whistleblower", were both directed by Adolfo Alix, Jr. On August 27, 2014, University of the Philippines College of Mass Communication conferred to her the Gawad Plaridel for her excellence in film and television. Gawad plaridel is the sole award in the University of the Philippines System given to outstanding media practitioners. Aunor gave a speech about how she became a singer, an actress, and eventually a movie producer


title: Nora Aunor

text: In 2012, Aunor received the Asian Achiever Award as Asia's Best Actress Awardee by the Asia Pacific Awards Council (APAC) led by noted Filipino consumers advocate Jonathan Navea. She will again receive the same prestigious accolade during the 26th Asia Pacific Excellence Awards on Araw ng Kagitingan on April 9, 2015, to be held at the AFP Theater commemorating the SAF 44 Heroes Tribute organized by the same organization together with Japanese performing artist Aisaku Yokogawa. On March 17, 2015, Nora publicly called for President Noynoy Aquino's resignation.


title: Nora Aunor

text: On May 16, 2015, Aunor won her eight International Best actress for her film "Dementia", that also won the Best Foreign Language Film at the St. Tropez International Film Festival in France. Aunor wasn't there to personally received her award but was accepted by its director Perci Intalan who was elated for the recognition.


title: Nora Aunor

text: In 2015, Aunor received several recognition from the different Universities and colleges, naming her as a cultural Icon. Bicol University gaver her a very special recognition, she was presented with the ONRA Award upon the initiative of Ako Bicol Partylist Rep. Rodel M. Batocabe for bringing honor and pride to her fellow Bicolanos in particular, and to the country in general, through her achievements in the arts. The next School that presented her with a recognition is the Ateneo de Naga University which gave her "Bulawan na Bikolnon" award for giving pride to the Bicol Region. De La Salle University was the next University to hand her a recognition. Aunor was conferred the "Gawada La Sallian para sa Sining" for her contributions to Philippine Arts. National Teachers College and Far Eastern University also gave their recognition to Nora Aunor.


title: Nora Aunor

text: On September 17, 2015, Aunor was conferred the Gawad CPP para sa Sining for Film and Broadcast Arts that was given by the Cultural Center of the Philippines. The Gawad CCP Para sa Sining is the highest award given by the CCP. The award was also conferred on Denisa Reyes for Dance; Fides Cuyugan Asensio for Music; Antonio Mabesa for Theater; Roberto Chabet for Visual Arts; Ricardo Lee for Literature; Paulo Alcazaren for Architecture; Ben Farrales for Design; Leoncio Deriada, Talaandig School of Living Traditions, Armida Siguion-Reyna, and Basilio Esteban Villaruz. The Missionary Society of St. Columban received the Tanging Parangal. In her speech, Aunor said the becoming an actress was a worthwhile decision, despite the heartaches.


title: Nora Aunor

text: At the 63rd FAMAS Awards on September 20, 2015, Aunor together with other movie queens was recognized as the Iconic Movie Queen of Philippine Cinema.


title: Nora Aunor

text: After the death of German Moreno, Aunor said she is ready to continue Moreno's late night variety-talk show "Walang Tulugan." However, the show aired its final episode on February 13, 2016.


title: Nora Aunor

text: In 1983, Aunor was recognized as one of "The Outstanding Women in the Nation's Service" (TOWNS) in the Field of the Arts. In 1999, Aunor received the "Centennial Honors for the Arts" awarded by the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP). She was the only film actress included in the list of awardees. In 2010, she was hailed by the Green Planet Movie Awards as one of the "10 Asian Best Actresses of the Decade". She received the "Ani ng Dangal Award" (Harvest of Honors). from the National Commission for Culture and the Arts in 2013, 2014 and 2016. In 2013, she received the "Light of Culture Awards from Philippine Centre of the International Theatre Institute and the ITI-Earthsavers UNESCO Dream Center for pioneering in the integration of theater, television, and film. In 2014, Aunor is the recipient of University of the Philippines College of Mass Communications, Gawad Plaridel Award. On September 17, 2015, Aunor was conferred the Gawad CCP para sa Sining for Film and Broadcast Arts, the highest award given by the Cultural Center of the Philippines. She was also conferred of the Gusi Peace Prize in 2015.


title: Nora Aunor

text: In 2022, Aunor was conferred The Order of National Artists of the Philippines for Film and Broadcasting/Broadcast Arts.


title: Nora Aunor

text: Since the late 1960s up to the present, Aunor has made more than 180 films in different genres, from Musicals, Comedy, romantic comedy, Romance and Love story. Later on, she made films in other genres such as drama, biographical, film noir, action, thriller, horror and art films.


title: Nora Aunor

text: She has received numerous national and international awards and nominations. She is the first Filipino actress to win an International acting award in a major Film Festival (Cairo 1995 for the movie "The Flor Contemplacion Story"). She has been directed by four Philippine National Artist Awardees: Gerardo de Leon (Fe, Esperanza, Caridad and Banaue: Stairway to the Sky), Lamberto Avellana (Fe, Esperanza, Caridad), Lino Brocka (Ina ka ng Anak Mo, Nakaw na pag-ibig, Bona), and Ishmael Bernal (Himala).


title: Nora Aunor

text: Aunor has released more than 360 singles and recorded more than 200 songs and over 50 albums. She has notched more than 30 gold singles and with an estimated gross sales of one million units, Nora's cover of "Pearly Shells" (1971) is one of the biggest-selling singles in the Philippines.


title: Nora Aunor

text: Due to a botched cosmetic surgery in Japan while endorsing a cosmetic surgery clinic based in Shinigawa and Makati, her vocal chords were damaged and she cannot sing due to paralysis of her left vocal chords.


title: Nora Aunor

text: Aunor started her career in television when she was given her own musical show via Nora-Eddie Show, with the late singer and former Tawag ng Tanghalan Champion Eddie Peregrina. The show later became, "The Nora Aunor Show" and eventually was re-titled "Superstar".


title: Nora Aunor

text: Aunor was heard and guested in Fiesta Extravaganza and in the long running afternoon radio program of German Moreno (The Germiside Show where he had a Guy and Pip portion) and only songs of Nora Aunor and Tirso Cruz were played over and over again from 2 to 3 pm every Sunday aired via DZMM.


title: Nora Aunor

text: Aunor has performed in three plays: "Minsa'y Isang Gamu-Gamo" (1991), "DH (Domestic Helper)" in 1992, and "The Trojan Women" (1994). The first two were staged by the Philippine Educational Theater Association (PETA) and helmed by Socrates Topacio, then PETA's artistic head. Rody Vera penned the stage adaptation of Gamu-Gamo while renowned screenwriter Ricky Lee created DH. PETA toured both plays in North America, Europe, and Hong Kong. The third play, a Filipino adaptation of Euripides’ immortal tragedy, was produced by Cecille Guidote-Alvarez's theater company, directed by a Greek national, and staged at the Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife.


title: Nora Aunor

text: At the peak of her career, Aunor was the top product endorser for television, print, and radio advertisements. The sales of Dial bath soap, for instance, shot up after Aunor endorsed it. Originally imported from the US, Dial soap first catered the AB bracket. When it was eventually manufactured locally, it courted the CD market by making Aunor its product endorser. Aunor appeared in a television commercial of Dial soap taking a shower and singing, "Aren't you glad you used Dial?". The television commercial proved successful as sales of Dial soap went up, and the masses, which comprise the bulk of her fans, patronized Dial soap.


title: Nora Aunor

text: Aunor has been awarded, recognized and received multiple nominations from different organizations, academe, institutions, critics and award giving bodies for her work in film, television, music and theater. She is the most nominated actress for the leading role in the long history of FAMAS Awards, having nominated 17 times since 1973 when she was first nominated for "A Gift of Love" but only second to Eddie Garcia with 23 nominations both in leading and supporting role.


title: Nora Aunor

text: With her fifth FAMAS Award for Best Actress in 1991, Aunor became the sixth performer to be elevated to the FAMAS Hall of Fame joining the likes of Eddie Garcia, Joseph Estrada, Charito Solis, Fernando Poe Jr. and Vilma Santos. This award is given to the person who won more than five times in its particular category. She is also the only performer in the long history of FAMAS Awards to be nominated for fifteen (15) straight years from 1973 to 1987.


title: Nora Aunor

text: Aunor has more international best actress awards and nominations more than any other Filipino actor. She is the only Filipino actress who have won international awards from 5 different continents. 19th Cairo International Film Festival in 1995 (Africa), 1st East Asia Film and Television Award in 1997 and Asian Film Awards in 2013 (Asia), 31st Festival International du Film Indépendant de Bruxelles in 2004 and Premio Della Critica Indipendiente in 2013 (Europe), Asia Pacific Screen Award in 2013 (Australia) and from the Green Planet Movie Award (North America). She has the most Lifetime Achievement Awards received locally and internationally for her contribution in film, television, music, and theater.


title: Nora Aunor

text: In 1968, Nora Aunor was contracted by Alpha Records upon the recommendation of singer Carmen Soriano. Although Aunor's first singles were not major hits, she subsequently went on to smash local record sales with songs like "It's Time to Say Goodbye", "Silently", "Forever Loving You", "It's Not Unusual", and countless others. In her seven years with Alpha Records, Aunor was able to set all-time high record sales which up to this day has not been surpassed.


title: Nora Aunor

text: At the height of her popularity as a recording artist in the late 1960s and early 1970s, local records soared up to 60% of national sales according to Alpha Records Philippines.


title: Nora Aunor

text: She is the artist with the most singles in Philippine recording history (with more than 260 singles). Over-all she has recorded more than 500 songs. She has notched more than 30 gold singles, a record in the local music industry. With estimated sales of one million units, Nora's cover of "Pearly Shells" (1971) is one of the biggest-selling singles in the Philippines ever. She has recorded some 46 hit long-playing albums, and several extended plays.


title: Mansfield Park (1999 film)

text: Mansfield Park is a 1999 British romantic comedy-drama film based on Jane Austen's 1814 novel of the same name, written and directed by Patricia Rozema. The film departs from the original novel in several respects. For example, the life of Jane Austen is incorporated into the film, as are the issues of slavery and West Indian plantations. The majority of the film was filmed on location at Kirby Hall in Northamptonshire.


title: Mansfield Park (1999 film)

text: At the age of 10, Fanny Price is sent to live with her wealthy uncle and aunt, Sir Thomas and Lady Bertram, as her own parents do not have enough money to support their many children. Once at Mansfield Park, Fanny meets her cousins Tom Jr., Maria, Edmund, and Julia, as well as Fanny's other maternal aunt, Mrs Norris. Fanny does not feel welcome, and Mrs Norris treats her more like a servant than a relative. Edmund behaves kindly to her, and the two develop a friendship that grows as the years progress.


title: Mansfield Park (1999 film)

text: When Fanny is eighteen, Sir Thomas and his eldest son Tom travel to Antigua. In their absence, the Bertram family is disrupted by the arrival of Henry and Mary Crawford, relatives of the local clergyman. Worldly, cynical and beautiful, Mary and Henry arrive looking for amusement. Edmund is instantly smitten with Mary, somewhat ignoring and hurting Fanny. Maria and Julia both vie for Henry's affections, even though Maria is already engaged to Mr Rushworth. Henry shamelessly flirts with Maria. Later, Tom returns from Antigua, arriving drunk and bringing a friend, Mr Yates, with him. Yates and Tom convince the Bertrams and Crawfords to stage a risque play, "Lovers' Vows". The play allows the young people to openly flirt with each other. Edmund initially speaks out against the play but changes his mind when he is offered a part that allows him to act out flirtatious scenes with Mary. Sir Thomas arrives home and in anger immediately stops the play.


title: Mansfield Park (1999 film)

text: Maria marries Rushworth, esteeming his fortune above his character. Henry decides to pursue Fanny as a means to amuse himself. However, Fanny's gentle and kind nature gradually captures his fancy, and Henry becomes emotionally attached to her. After his behaviour towards the Bertram girls, Fanny mistrusts him and does not believe his declarations of love. Even so, Henry proposes and Fanny is pressured by her uncle to accept the offer; she disappoints the family by refusing. Angry, Sir Thomas gives Fanny an ultimatum: accept Henry's proposal of marriage or be sent back to her poor family and experience the difference in comfort. Fanny looks to Edmund for support, but his indifference forces her to choose the latter. Several days after her return home, Henry pays a visit to convince Fanny that his affections for her are genuine. Although she looks more favourably on him, Fanny continues to cling to her feelings for Edmund and rejects Henry. Only when a letter from Edmund arrives which discloses his hopes of marrying Mary does Fanny accept Henry's offer. However, Fanny realizes she does not trust him, and takes back her acceptance the next day. Henry leaves, exceedingly hurt and angry. Edmund arrives to take Fanny back to Mansfield Park to help care for Tom, who has fallen seriously ill and is near death. Edmund confesses he has missed Fanny.


title: Mansfield Park (1999 film)

text: Henry gains Maria's pity when she learns of Fanny's refusal of his marriage proposal, and they are found having sex by Fanny and Edmund. Shocked, Fanny is comforted by Edmund and the two nearly kiss, but Edmund pulls away. News of the scandal spreads rapidly and Mary quickly devises a plan to stifle the repercussions. She suggests that after a divorce, Maria would marry Henry while Edmund would marry Mary; together they might re-introduce Henry and Maria back into society by throwing parties. Fanny questions Mary as to how a clergyman could afford lavish parties, and Mary shocks everyone by stating that when Tom dies, Edmund will be heir to the family's fortune. Edmund is appalled and tells Mary that cheerfully condemning Tom to death whilst she plans to spend his money sends a chill to his heart. Having betrayed her true nature to the Bertram family, Mary leaves the Bertrams' company. Edmund ultimately declares his love for Fanny, and they marry. Sir Thomas gives up his plantation in Antigua and invests instead in tobacco, while Tom recovers from his illness. Fanny's sister Susie joins them at the Bertram household while Maria and Aunt Norris take up residence in a small cottage removed from Mansfield Park.


title: Mansfield Park (1999 film)

text: David Monaghan argues that viewers should approach Rozema's Mansfield Park as 'an independent work of art rather than an adaptation of Austen's novel'. Rozema set out her goal firmly, saying that Mansfield Park was not a Jane Austen film: 'It's a Patricia Rozema film. My job as an artist is to provide a fresh view.' Paula Byrne commends Rozema for an audacious film "that eschews the heritage-style whimsy of the conventional period drama". She argues that in its deployment of feminist, gender and post-colonial themes, it recognises the contribution of more recent academic literary criticism of Austen's works, and "provides a fascinating shadow story to this most complex of novels".


title: Mansfield Park (1999 film)

text: The film differs from the Jane Austen novel "Mansfield Park" in several ways. The film changes some central characters, eliminates several others, and reorganises certain events. The result is a film that retains the core of character evolution and events of Austen's novel, but in other ways, stresses its themes and ideas differently. The plot changes the moral message of Austen's novel, making the story a critique of slavery rather than, as some critics understand it, a conservative critique. While in the novel Fanny's passivity and moral stance are represented as virtues, these aspects of her character are altered in the film. The exception is in the staging of "Lovers' Vows" when Fanny abstains.


title: Mansfield Park (1999 film)

text: Austen's novel mentions slavery on several occasions but does not elaborate on it. Most notably, in the novel, Fanny asks a question about the slave trade to Sir Thomas and is not answered. The film includes slavery as a central plot point, including explicit descriptions of the treatment of slaves (e.g. Fanny finds violent drawings of the treatment of slaves in Tom's room) and numerous reminders of how the Bertram family's wealth is built on slavery.


title: Mansfield Park (1999 film)

text: The role and influence of slavery in the world of Mansfield Park is emphasized from the start of the film. Fanny sees a slave ship near the coast on her initial journey to the family, asks her coachman about it and receives an explanation.


title: Mansfield Park (1999 film)

text: The Australian historian Keith Windschuttle criticised Rozema for adding in this scene, not in the book, concerning the part where Fanny hears terrible cries from a ship off the coast and is told it is a slave ship bringing in its human cargo to Portsmouth. Windschuttle notes that slaves were never brought to British shores. The essence of the triangular trade was that after the ships had transported the enslaved captives from Africa to the Caribbean, they would return to Europe loaded only with sugar and tobacco. Then, leaving Europe, they would return to Africa, loaded with manufactured goods. A parallel is drawn between Fanny's role as a woman and a poor relative in the Bertram family, and the role of the enslaved.


title: Mansfield Park (1999 film)

text: Tom Bertram's return from Antigua is motivated by his disgust with what he has seen there, and this disgust is reinforced by a journal that Fanny finds at Mansfield Park recounting apparently criminal events occurring in Antigua that involve Sir Thomas.


title: Mansfield Park (1999 film)

text: At the end of the film a voiceover also informs the viewer that Sir Thomas has divested himself of his estates in Antigua, presumably as a form of redemption.


title: Mansfield Park (1999 film)

text: Rozema employs "a collage or prismatic-like approach" in her adaptation of Fanny's character, incorporating elements of Jane Austen's character in order to update the "annoying" character for a contemporary audience. Rozema's modification of the character of Fanny Price, whom she considered an unpopular heroine, was to add colour and spirit by conflating her with the character of Austen herself, drawing upon her extensive juvenilia and letters. In the novel, Fanny is very shy and timid, and generally reluctant to give her own opinion. Her physical condition is frail, making her tire easily. In the film, in contrast, Fanny is extroverted, self-confident, and outspoken, while also being physically healthier.


title: Mansfield Park (1999 film)

text: In addition, the film version of Fanny is portrayed as a writer from her childhood into her adulthood at Mansfield Park. These character traits are incorporated directly from the life of Jane Austen – some of Fanny's writings are actually Austen's, including the "History of England".


title: Mansfield Park (1999 film)

text: Monaghan takes issue with Rozema's depiction of Fanny's 'enlightened attitudes towards issues of gender, class and race'. He sees this as trendy liberal humanism that seeks to make the awkward heroine more acceptable to a modern audience. This view is considered enigmatic by some as others assert that both Austen and Fanny share enlightened attitudes towards gender, class and race. In the novel, it is the hard-working, ill-educated lower-class Price children who are the victors. Fanny alone resists the power of the landed gentry, defying both the awesome patriarch, Sir Thomas Bertram, and the manipulative seducer, Henry Crawford.


title: Mansfield Park (1999 film)

text: This adaptation modernises the chaste, virtuous story by including several references to sexuality. The first instance, Fanny's discovery of Maria and Henry Crawford in clandestine sexual activity during a rehearsal of Lover's Vows, is not included in the book, where the flirtation is far more subtle. Secondly, Mary Crawford's frequent sensual touches and lingering gazes on Fanny convey a homoerotic tension with little textual support. Rozema claimed the "lesbian frisson" was "definitely in the book," arising from Miss Crawford's worldly character, though admitted she chose Mansfield Park because she "knew she could indulge herself in a couple of scenes."


title: Mansfield Park (1999 film)

text: The parson Dr. Grant, and his wife, the Crawfords' half-sister Mrs. Grant, do not feature in the film. Fanny's close relationship with her brother William in the book is mostly replaced in the film by her relationship with her younger sister Susan, with whom, in the novel, Fanny does not develop a relationship until her return to Portsmouth. As well, the character of Sir Thomas is portrayed in a much more negative light. In the book, Sir Thomas is much more caring, principled, and remorseful of the way his daughters were raised. Also in the book, Tom Bertram gains sense after his illness, and ceases to live a careless, selfish life.


title: Mansfield Park (1999 film)

text: Fanny's banishment to Portsmouth is characterised as a punishment by a vengeful Sir Thomas rather than as a much more subtle and manipulative ploy expressed partly as a respite from stress following Henry Crawford's unwelcome attentions. In the novel, Fanny is never tempted to accept Mr. Crawford's proposals, whereas in the film, Fanny accepts, then repudiates, Henry Crawford's offer of marriage, and her family has full knowledge of it. (This is taken from Austen's own history when she accepted a proposal of marriage from a man she had known since childhood, only to retract her acceptance the next day).


title: Mansfield Park (1999 film)

text: In the novel, Fanny remains at Portsmouth for several months, whereas in the film she returns to Mansfield Park much earlier in order to nurse Tom Bertram back to health. This makes her witness to the events that follow. In the film, Maria's adulterous liaison with Mr. Crawford occurs at Mansfield Park instead of in London; in the novel, Maria leaves her husband's London house to run away with Crawford.


title: Mansfield Park (1999 film)

text: In the novel, the revelation of Maria's adulterous affair, including Mary's casual attitude towards it, occurs through letters (including from Mary to Fanny) and from later reported conversations; in the film the affair is carried on at Mansfield Park in full view of the family.


title: Mansfield Park (1999 film)

text: In the novel, the shock to the Mansfield family is increased by Julia Bertram's elopement with Mr Yates; in the film Julia remains at home, later receiving a love letter from Mr Yates.


title: Mansfield Park (1999 film)

text: "Mansfield Park" has received generally favourable reviews from critics. Film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 77% of critics gave the film a positive review based on 69 reviews, with an average score of 6.9/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Solid performances, bold direction." On Metacritic, which assigns a rating out of 100 based on reviews from critics, the film has a score of 71 based on 31 reviews.


title: Mansfield Park (1999 film)

text: Roger Ebert of the "Chicago Sun-Times" gave it a four-star review, saying, "This is an uncommonly intelligent film, smart and amusing too, and anyone who thinks it is not faithful to Austen doesn't know the author but only her plots." Owen Gleiberman of "Entertainment Weekly" also gave the film a positive review, dubbing it as "a handsome and forceful piece of work" and praising O'Connor's ability to display the "quiet battle of emotions in Fanny."


title: Mansfield Park (1999 film)

text: Andrew Johnston of "Time Out New York" wrote: "Grafting incidents gleaned from Jane Austen's journals and letters onto the story of the author's third novel, Rozema captures the writer's combination of prickly wit and hopeless romanticism as few filmmakers have. ... You may be able to see "Mansfield Park"s ending coming from a mile away, but it's so beautifully constructed and dramatically satisfying when it arrives that you probably won't mind at all."


title: Punjab Police (Pakistan)

text: The Punjab Police (Punjabi, Urdu: پنجاب پولیس) is a police force law and order agency responsible for law enforcement in the province of Punjab. It works under the command of Inspector General (IG) Punjab Police. It controls all criminal cases by taking action under the Police Act of 1861 and 2002 against criminals in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. The force was introduced in its modern form during British Rule and continues to suffer from colonial influence to the current date. It is perceived by some as a public-frightening rather than a public-friendly organization, which continues to promote a sense of fear rather than security and wellbeing among the population.


title: Punjab Police (Pakistan)

text: As of 22 July 2022, Faisal Shahkar PSP has been appointed the new Inspector General of the Punjab Police.


title: Punjab Police (Pakistan)

text: The system of policing in Mughal Era was organized on the basis of land tenure. Zamindars were responsible for apprehending disturbers of the public peace and performing other policing duties. At the level of the village these functions were performed by the village headmen. In large towns administration of the police was entrusted to, functionaries called Kotwals discharged the combined duties of law enforcement, municipal administration and revenue collection. Patrol officers in the shape of village watchmen in villages and peons, horse patrolmen and such other like men in the towns were present. Violent organized crime was usually dealt with by the military.


title: Punjab Police (Pakistan)

text: The modern system of policing was introduced during British Rule. The British administration relieved the Zamindars of their responsibility for police service and introduced magistrates with Daroghas and other subordinate officers for Police purposes. The Punjab Police was also organized on the pattern of two main branches, the Military Preventive Police and the Civil Detective Police. As this arrangement was not found to be satisfactory so in 1860 the Government of British India urged the Government of Punjab to look into the system of policing then prevalent in the province. However, as the issue was of general importance the central Government appointed a commission to inquire into the policing in British India. The Calcutta Police Commission of 1860 recommended the abolition of the Military Arm of the police, the appointment of an Inspector General of Police in the Province and the placement of police in a district under the District Superintendent. The Commission recommended that only the District Magistrate should exercise any Police functions. Based on the recommendations of the commission the Government of India submitted a bill which was passed into law as Act V of 1861. The Police Act of 1861 was adopted. The organizational design that followed the Act survives to this day.


title: Punjab Police (Pakistan)

text: The Punjab Police Rules of 1933 documented the police practices as they stood at that time and introduced some new measures for improving administration and operational effectiveness of police. The content of the Rules reveals that the Punjab Police had grown into a thoroughly professional police organization by 1934 and possessed considerable knowledge of the crime and criminals in the province. It had developed effective procedures and practices for dealing with various kinds of criminal activity. The administrative and disciplinary functions were also elaborated. The Rules have served as the model for similar sets of rules in other provinces of Pakistan and are still in force today.


title: Punjab Police (Pakistan)

text: The Punjab Police played a significant part in handling the refugee crisis of 1947–48. It continued as a separate organization till 1955 when it was merged with the police of other provinces to create the West Pakistan Police. The DIG West Pakistan was Inayat Ali Shah. DIG East Pakistan and DIG West Pakistan used to report to one IG which during the decade of the 1950s was Qurban Ali Khan. There were several attempts to review and reform police organization and performance during the 1950s and 60s which however could not be implemented. The legal framework of police in Pakistan underwent a major change as a consequence of Devolution of Power Plan implemented between 2001 and 2006. The Plan provided for devolution of a considerable portion of Provincial Government's authority and functions to districts and introduction of public accountability of police.


title: Punjab Police (Pakistan)

text: In line with Devolution of Power Plan, the office of Deputy Commissioner of the district was abolished in 2001 and a system of district governments was introduced through the Punjab Local Government Ordinance 2001. As a part of the Plan a new police law, the Police Order, replaced the Police Act 1861 in 2002. It brought sweeping changes to the police organization. The new law introduced public accountability in the form of Public Safety Commissions at district, provincial and national level. The Police Order 2002 also provided for an independent Police Complaints Authority, increased autonomy of the Inspector General of Police and instituted functional specialization by separation of investigation from other functions of police.


title: Punjab Police (Pakistan)

text: The Punjab Police is constituted by the Police Order 2002 and operates under Police Rules of 1934. There is a Central Police Office (CPO) at Lahore which has a number of functional branches like Legal Affairs Division (Legal Branch), Finance & Welfare, Establishment, Operations, Training, Research & Development, etc. These units report to the Inspector General of Police through their respective Additional Inspectors General of Police. The Regional Police Officers report to the Inspector General of Police directly and they do not form part of the Central Police Office (CPO), Punjab. The Inspector General of Police is ex-officio secretary to the Government of Punjab. The Punjab Police is staffed by officers of the Punjab Police and the Police Service of Pakistan.


title: Punjab Police (Pakistan)

text: Officers are allotted cars as per their rank, bulletproof vehicles are provided to officers serving at sensitive postings or the kind of security threats any particular officer has, not every officer.


title: Punjab Police (Pakistan)

text: Moharar, SHO, PSC, SDPO, DPO, CPO, RPO, CCPO, and PPO are posts, not ranks. So you may see a lower rank acting as a higher post for some time if required


title: Punjab Police (Pakistan)

text: The Anti-Corruption Establishment Punjab declared Punjab Police as the most corrupt public department in the province in a 2010 report. Members of Punjab Police have been involved in a number of criminal activities. In November, 2017 a man named Asif was killed in a fake encounter in Faisalabad. He was initially identified as a robber but later turned out to be unarmed innocent civilian who had an affair with the relative of DSP Gujranwala and left the country. He was on a visit to Pakistan when policemen in plain clothes shot and killed him.


title: Punjab Police (Pakistan)

text: Sexual assault, harassment, and mistreatment of women is also common in Punjab Police. As per a 20 November 2017 news story by express.pk, two police officers namely Intizar Abbas and Najam Abbas of Punjab Police, Lahore tore the cloths of a woman, made a video and later tried to blackmail the woman and also shared the video via social media. Both were later removed from the Police force. It is unknown whether any legal action was taken against them of not.


title: Punjab Police (Pakistan)

text: In a similar incident, Faisalabad police gang-raped the wife of another police officer named Manzoor Ahmad.


title: Punjab Police (Pakistan)

text: Even elderly people are not safe from brutality of Punjab Police. In November 2017, a video surfaced on social media showed police torturing an elderly couple. The video shocked the public and whole police station was suspended.


title: Punjab Police (Pakistan)

text: Another 12-year-old child was arrested by Punjab Police Bahawalpur after they failed to arrest his father who was one of the farmers named in an FIR. FIR was launched against farmers after they disagreed over prices of sugar cane at the sugar mill of Ch. Zaka Ashraf. The Boy had his exams coming and took his books to the cell where he studied.


title: Punjab Police (Pakistan)

text: In 2018, the Punjab police changed its standard uniform from its classic black shirts, Khaki Pants to an all olive-green uniform. The change was met with mixed reactions. The government claimed it had consulted professional designers before standardizing this new uniform, but many have criticized it as dull and circles within the police have argued it to be less attractive.


title: Punjab Police (Pakistan)

text: Other reports have stated that due to the dull color, the newer uniform has not been approved for mass distribution amongst Punjab Police's force.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: Earth: Final Conflict is a science fiction television series based on ideas developed by Gene Roddenberry. The series was produced under the guidance of his widow, Majel Barrett-Roddenberry, who possessed notes kept by Roddenberry that would provide the conceptual basis for the series. It ran for five seasons between October 6, 1997 and May 20, 2002.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: Early in the 21st century, a race of aliens, the Taelons (often referred to as "the Companions"), travel to Earth and take up residence in limited numbers. The Taelons possess highly advanced technologies, many of which they share with humanity, seemingly out of generosity and good will. As a result of these advances, disease, war and pollution are nearly eliminated within three years of their arrival. Despite this, some question whether the Taelons' motives are as benevolent as they appear, and a resistance movement forms to halt the Taelons' ever-growing influence on humanity.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: After the cancellation of "" in 1969, its creator Gene Roddenberry began working on other projects, producing scripts and pilot episodes that were shown to various networks, including "Genesis II" and "The Questor Tapes". He began early planning for a project called "Battleground: Earth", a science fiction series set in the near future when a group of aliens landed on Earth under a banner of peace.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: Twentieth Century Fox expressed interest in producing a pilot episode for the series, but Roddenberry's busy schedule prevented it. When the order for the pilot came in, he was in England filming a TV movie, which was followed by work on the "Star Trek" films and later the TV series "". When he died in 1991, "Battleground: Earth" had yet to be produced.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: In the mid-1990s, Roddenberry's widow, Majel Barrett-Roddenberry, began to develop the project. It went into production with Tribune Entertainment. It was renamed "Earth: Final Conflict" to avoid confusion with the film "Battlefield Earth", which was released around the same time. The success of the show led to the development of one other posthumous Roddenberry project, "Andromeda".


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: The show premiered on October 6, 1997 and ran for five seasons. The finale was broadcast on May 20, 2002.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: The show had an unusually high turnover rate among the regular cast, partially due to contractual disagreements between the cast and the producers. Almost all of the show's major characters were killed or otherwise removed within a season or two of being introduced. In fact, the only character to appear as a regular during all five seasons was FBI Agent Ronald Sandoval (Von Flores), one of the show's antagonists.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: The fifth season of the show was a radical departure from the storyline of the previous seasons, with the Taelons being replaced by a new and more openly hostile alien race, a group of energy vampires called the Atavus.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: The story begins three years after the Taelons arrived on Earth. The Taelons have used their advanced technology to help humanity achieve a better quality of life. However, the North American Taelon Companion, Da'an, is targeted by an assassin while making a speech. Jonathan Doors, a businessman with close ties to the Taelons, is killed while Da'an is unharmed. Da'an is impressed by Police Commander Boone's work in protecting him from the assassination attempt, and offers him a spot as a Taelon Protector, a personal bodyguard and envoy for a particular Taelon.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: Boone politely refuses because he wants to start a family with his wife. Also, deep down, he doesn't trust the Taelons fully. Subsequently, Boone's wife is killed in a mysterious automobile accident and Boone finds out that Jonathan Doors faked his own death so that he could focus on an underground resistance movement that he founded in secret. Boone believes the Taelons have sinister intentions, and wants to find out their true motives. He also believes that the Taelons had something to do with the death of his wife. Because of this, Boone agrees to work as a double agent for the resistance in order to find answers. He accepts Da'an's offer to become a Protector, and receives a Cyber-Viral Implant (CVI) that gives him enhanced mental abilities – including perfect recall. While most CVIs alter the minds of their hosts so they become singularly loyal to the Taelons above all others, including friends, family, and the human race as a whole, the Resistance sees to it that Boone receives a modified CVI that leaves his loyalties the way they were. Agent Boone receives a bioengineered weapon, called a Skrill, that attaches to his arm. Boone is joined by fellow double agent and ex-Marine Lili Marquette. She is an accomplished pilot of the Taelon shuttlecraft (that can travel in interdimensional space). On the Taelon side, Boone works with another protector, Agent Ronald Sandoval. Sandoval is apparently fully loyal to the Taelons, thanks to his CVI.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: Boone soon finds out that Sandoval had Boone's wife killed so that he would join the Taelons. Sandoval explains that his own wife held him back and that he was forced to put her in a mental institution to get her out of the way. He did not want Boone to have the same problem, so he had his wife killed. Boone (who would have been forced to agree if his CVI had not been modified) pretends to understand and continues his duties for the Resistance.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: A strange satellite is found in an Amish community. Lili and Boone investigate. In later episodes, the satellite ends up in the Resistance base. It has the ability to make replicants and later kills a Resistance scientist. The probe later winds up in the hands of the Taelons.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: Boone introduces Lili to Marcus Deveraux, a technical genius and computer hacker better known by the nickname "Augur," whom Boone often hires when he needs technical skills. Later Lili and Boone become acquainted with Jonathan Doors's state-of-the-art base for the Resistance. They learn that Augur was actually a member of the Resistance all along.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: Boone continues to search for the true motives of the Taelons and actually becomes good friends with Da'an, a spiritual and very charismatic being who seems to personally hold humans in high regard. A less sympathetic Taelon named Zo'or is introduced. Boone finds out that a Taelon named Ma'el visited Earth centuries ago and predicted that humanity would one day be equal to the Taelons. Sandoval meets an Irish Protector, Siobhan Beckett, who seems to fancy him.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: Sandoval's CVI malfunctions and frees him of Taelon control. He saves his wife from the mental institution but comes close to death. The Resistance captures the couple, and Boone convinces Doors to return Sandoval to the Taelons. Sandoval's wife is given safe passage, while Sandoval receives a new CVI and is made to believe that Boone killed his wife.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: The Taelons order an investigation into a psychic invasion of their commonality, leading Boone and the resistance to learn that Ma'el gave humans psychic abilities so they would have a chance to be seen as equals when Taelons and humans met again.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: The resistance successfully infects the Taelon headquarters in Washington with a computer virus, which unexpectedly spreads through Taelon technology world-wide, leading to a threat to human technology that is connected to Taelon technology. Boone and Sandoval work to destroy the virus. An enormous mothership appears in the skies, before disappearing in inter-dimensional space.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: Boone discovers more Taelon experiments performed on humans while they are traveling through a new, world-wide, inter-dimensional travel system. Some humans are given an implant similar to a CVI, while others, including his sister, are used for some unknown breeding experiment. The continued use and function of this travel system appears to be another point of contention between Da’an and Zo’or.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: A virus is extracted from the strange probe for testing. It is highly contagious and communicable between Taelons and humans. White supremacists steal a sample of the virus and unleash it in a housing center, affecting the entire surrounding area. A cure is discovered, but not before hundreds are killed.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: The fiancé of the resistance scientist killed by the previously mentioned probe becomes determined to find a way to get his love back. The Resistance breaks into a Taelon installation in which the probe is located. The scientist gets his fiancée back at the cost of his own life. The probe is supposedly destroyed.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: An enemy of the Taelons named Ha'gel lands on Earth. The Taelons have apparently wronged his race (the Kimera) somehow. Ha'gel has the power to temporarily assume other forms, leaving his victims temporarily incapacitated. Ha'gel steals Sandoval's form and impregnates Siobhan Beckett. Boone tries to confront the alien but Ha'gel is frightened. Boone is badly wounded and Ha'gel is killed. Boone is in critical condition, as Beckett goes into labor while in the custody of the Resistance. Zo'or seemingly vaporizes Boone's body.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: Beckett gives birth as the Resistance is saddened by the news that Boone has died. The protector's baby is a Kimeran/human hybrid and grows at a rapid rate. He takes the name "Liam Kincaid" and immediately takes action as an adult. Beckett's memory is wiped and she is sent back to the Taelons. The recovered fiancée is really a replicant of the mysterious probe, which is from another alien race known as the Jaridians. The probe replicant kills the leader of the Taelon Synod. Liam saves Da'an and is recruited to become his new protector. Liam joins the Resistance but doesn't get along with Doors. Lili is forced to work under Sandoval but continues her double agent duties. Zo'or becomes the new Taelon leader, with Sandoval becoming his personal protector.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: Da'an realizes who and what Liam is but keeps his secret, and the two become good friends. Da'an and Zo'or battle over each other's ideologies. Zo'or believes humans should serve the Taelons, while Da'an thinks humanity is worthy of being their equals. The Taelons prepare Earth for war with the Jaridians, who believe humans have sided with the Taelons.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: Augur's experiments accidentally sever Da’an's connection to the Commonality, causing him to revert to a primitive state the Taelons call an Atavus. Zo’or orders Da’an's death, claiming he is a threat to the Synod and that Da’an will never be able to rejoin the Commonality. Liam is able to reconnect Da’an to the Commonality, restoring his physical form.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: Zo’or tries to destroy the Liberation by manipulating human brain waves, but a lucky trip through a time-portal gives Liam the hints he needs to prevent it.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: An attempt by Doors to have Liam killed results in Liam and Augur being cast into a parallel dimension, where they see humanity without the influence of Ma’al. They return with Maya, who was Kayla's (Lili's) sister and Jason's (Sandoval's) wife in her dimension.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: Augur is arrested in Russia and sentenced to death. A Taelon representative, Lazarus, recruits him for an experimental procedure to create super-soldiers. Lazarus regains his memories, restores Augur's memories then attempts a coup on the Taelon mothership.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: The Resistance finds out that the CVI's motivational imperative wears off after a time, leaving the protectors restored to their own wills. Liam senses that the CVI of his mother, long-serving Protector Siobhan Beckett, has malfunctioned and attempts to locate her. Beckett has to deal internally with all the wrongs she has committed while in an altered mental state. Also concerned, Zo'or sends Sandoval to locate Beckett, but Liam locates her first. He joins his dying mother and shares with her energetically/telepathically revealing his true origin. She realizes who he is as she passes away.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: Doors decides to take the Resistance above ground and runs for president. The Resistance members are pardoned in a deal Doors is able to make.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: Sandoval becomes intrigued by Maya, and begins a search for her. She begins to suffer from being in the wrong dimension. Her counterpart in this dimension, Isabel, is tracked down. Lili discovers Isabel is her half-sister from her father's secret life. Maya and Isabel are united so the two can merge and both survive in one body. The dead body is left for Sandoval to find, to discourage him from pursuing Maya/Isabel any more.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: A Jaridian soldier escapes from the Taelon mothership, taking Lili hostage. Liam pursues them through inter-dimensional space, and the three are stranded on a Kimera station. After navigating their way to the heart of the station, Liam lets the Jaridian go and reports his demise on the station to Sandoval and Zo'or.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: Teens are being recruited to become front line soldiers in the Taelon war. Da’an recalls the soldiers after threatening to betray Zo’or's plans to the humans.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: Former Resistance members come to Lili and Augur concerned over humanity's protection. The Resistance is reformed under Liam's leadership. Da'an warns Liam that reforming the Resistance is a bad idea, but decides not to betray them to the Synod.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: A Taelon crashes on Earth, claiming to be sympathetic to the humans. He claims the entire plan the Taelons have for humanity was conceived by Da’an.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: Augur is hired to help complete a weapon called the Forge to use against the Jaridians. Liam and Da’an disagree about the weapon.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: A Jaridian probe crashes on Earth after taking a partial hit from the Taelons. The resistance finds it, but are captured before they begin to examine it. After finding a black ops group that is also preparing to survive whatever the Taelons may bring, they cooperate to examine the probe, and discover it is a message probe with plans for an advanced communications device, with an offer from the Jaridians to cooperate to defeat the Taelons.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: Zo'or sets the Resistance and Doors up when he has an assassination attempt made on President Thompson. Thompson survives and declares martial law. The Resistance members are targeted and many are brought to the Taelon Mothership. Liam and Augur try to rescue Doors but are pinned down. Lili tries to destroy the mothership in a last-ditch effort to save Earth.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: Lili's plan backfires and she is believed dead, and exposed as a traitor to the Taelons. Liam and Augur are rescued by a Volunteer (a human foot soldier who has been augmented to a lesser degree than a Protector). Doors, on the other hand, is captured. Doors is able to cut a deal with Zo'or to give himself freedom while ensuring that his company can secretly resist the Taelons. The Volunteer is really one of his people, Renee Palmer, the new CEO of Doors International. Martial law is repealed and many of the Resistance members are returned. Lili is revealed to be alive, but in secret captivity, under Sandoval's control. He alters her DNA and sends her off into deep space. Liam and Augur continue to lead the resistance.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: Though Doors proceeds to do work separately from the Resistance, Renee and Liam find their interests frequently overlapping, and occasionally assist each other. Their relationship gradually develops into a close partnership. At the same time, Da'an and Liam's relationship becomes strained, as Zo'or continues his ambitious plans from his position of leadership. Meanwhile, Sandoval seems to be working towards a clandestine agenda of his own, as he begins concealing information from the Taelons. Unbeknownst to anyone else, Lili arrives at the alien planet Sandoval sent her to, but because her perception is being altered, she does not realize this. The alien planet turns out to be the homeworld of the Jaridians, and Lili is tricked into delivering Taelon Inter-Dimensional (ID) travel technology to their leaders.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: After the illusion ends, she realizes that she is in fact, on Jaridia, and is horrified once she figures out that the ID drives she unwittingly gave her new captors, are exactly what they needed to invade Earth. Time passes back on Earth, during which it is revealed that Zo'or is Da'an's child, Jonathan Doors dies saving his son, and Renee continues to work with Liam. Lili eventually leaves Jaridia, bound for Earth, with a Jaridian named Vorjack, whose half-human, half-Jaridian child she is carrying. Their arrival complicates the plans of both the Taelons and the Resistance, particularly as Vorjack struggles with the atmospheric conditions on Earth. As the new hybrid baby is about to be born, Liam and Renee help Lili through a difficult delivery.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: Da'an helps to make sure that the Human/Jaridian hybrid lives. The Jaridians are dying, and Vorjack had hoped that the child would hold the key to their salvation, but this does not happen as expected. Before Vorjack dies from being on Earth for too long for his body to handle, Liam thinks quickly and saves his life. Lili, the Jaridian, and their hybrid child, manage to escape as Liam wishes them well.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: Augur runs into trouble with the law and is forced into hiding. He offers his friend Juliet Street, a.k.a. J.Street, the opportunity to take over his role in the Resistance, and she accepts. She proves savvy and intelligent, eventually revealing that she has the rare ability to think and calculate in multiple dimensions, which makes her a target for the increasingly desperate Taelons.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: The Resistance goes above ground once again when Renee and Liam team up with an international group, the Atlantic National Alliance, dedicated to defending human interests against the Taelons.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: Toward the end of the season, it is discovered that the Taelons are a dying race as well; their core energy is almost spent. More and more Taelons are entering stasis, and Zo'or becomes increasingly desperate to save his species.


title: Earth: Final Conflict

text: Liam and Renee discover a regeneration chamber hidden deep in a volcano, set in place long ago by Ma'el. Liam realizes that all species are interconnected and he must play a role in saving the Taelons, despite all the trouble they have caused. He brings them out of stasis. To conserve energy, they combine their essence into just six Taelons who go down to the regeneration chamber. At the same time, the remainder of Vorjack's Jaridian fleet arrives on the scene. Zo'or, greedy to ensure his own survival, touches an energy pool in the chamber and is absorbed into it. Liam convinces the Jaridians to attempt a "joining" with the Taelons, which, it is believed, will return them to an earlier evolutionary form that is better suited to survival. As the volcano erupts, the joining procedure begins with Liam's help, but it is unclear who or what will survive.