text: Before redistricting, the 9th congressional district stretched from small parts of northeastern Tacoma up to southeastern Seattle, taking in the surrounding suburbs, including Federal Way, Des Moines, Kent, SeaTac, Renton, Mercer Island, and Bellevue. The incumbent is Democrat Adam Smith, who was re-elected with 74.1% of the vote in 2020.


title: 2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Washington

text: Before redistricting, the 10th district included Olympia and the Tacoma suburbs, including Puyallup, Lakewood, and University Place. The incumbent is Democrat Marilyn Strickland, who was elected with 49.3% of the vote in 2020 against fellow Democrat Beth Doglio.


title: Suzlon

text: Suzlon Energy Limited (NSE:SUZLONEQ, BSE:532667) is an Indian multinational wind turbine manufacturer based in Pune, India. It was formerly ranked by MAKE as the world's fifth largest wind turbine supplier.


title: Suzlon

text: In 1995, founder Tulsi Tanti was managing a 20-employee textile company. Due to the erratic availability of power locally, and its rising costs, the highest business expenditure after the raw materials was electricity. The cost of electricity also offset any profits made by the company. After providing electricity for his own company, Tanti moved into wind energy production as a way to secure the textile company's energy needs, and founded Suzlon Energy. Suzlon adopted a business model wherein clients would be responsible for 25% of the up-front capital investment and Suzlon would arrange the remaining 75% on loan. Initially, banks were hesitant to fund loans for this model, but by 2008, many Indian banks started financing wind power projects for Suzlon clients.


title: Suzlon

text: In 2001, Tanti sold off the textile business; Suzlon was still actively run by Tulsi Tanti, now in the role of Chairman, Suzlon Group.


title: Suzlon

text: In 2003, Suzlon got its first order in USA from DanMar & Associates to supply 24 turbines in southwestern Minnesota. Also in 2003 Suzlon set up an office in Beijing.


title: Suzlon

text: Suzlon Rotor Corporation in 2006 began producing the blades in Pipestone, Minnesota in the United States. Among its clients is Wind Capital Group.


title: Suzlon

text: In the year 2006, Suzlon reached a definitive agreement for acquisition of Belgian firm Hansen Transmissions, specializing in gearboxes for wind turbines, for $565 million. In 2007, the company purchased a controlling stake in Germany's Senvion (then operating as REpower Systems) which valued the firm at US$1.6 billion.


title: Suzlon

text: In June 2007, Suzlon had signed a contract with Edison Mission Energy (EME) of US for delivery of 150 wind turbines of 2.1 megawatts in 2008 and a similar volume to be delivered in 2009. EME had an option not to purchase the 150 turbines due to be delivered in 2009, which it has chosen to exercise.


title: Suzlon

text: In November 2009, the company decided to sell 35% stake of Hansen for $370 million as part of its debt restructuring program, through placing new shares. It appointed Bank of America Merrill Lynch and Morgan Stanley as the managers and book runners for the same.


title: Suzlon

text: In January 2011, Suzlon received an order worth US$1.28 billion for building 1000 megawatts of wind energy projects from the Indian branch of the Lord Swaraj Paul-owned Caparo Energy Ltd.


title: Suzlon

text: In October 2011, Suzlon sold its remaining 26.06% stake in Hansen Transmissions International NV to ZF Friedrichshafen AG for .


title: Suzlon

text: In the same month, it also achieved full control of its German subsidiary REpower Systems (now Senvion) by acquiring the remaining 5% stake held by minority shareholders that resisted the takeover. The takeover was completed through the squeeze-out procedure by paying EUR 63 million.


title: Suzlon

text: It has to redeem 500 million worth of FCCB's (foreign currency convertible bonds) in 2012 in tranches of 300 million in June and 200 million in October respectively.


title: Suzlon

text: In line with the previously announced strategy to dispose of non-critical group assets to reduce long-term debt, Suzlon Chairman said that Suzlon Energy, will sell stake in its China manufacturing unit to China Power New Energy Development Company Limited for 3.4 billion rupees ($60 million).


title: Suzlon

text: On 30 November 2013 the Suzlon Group subsidiary REpower Systems (now Senvion SE) won an Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) contract from Mitsui & Co (Australia) Ltd to deliver 52 wind turbines with a total rated output of 106.6 MW for the Bald Hills Wind Farm in Victoria, Australia.


title: Suzlon

text: As of August 2014, Suzlon's debt was over 8000 crores. On 22 January 2015, Suzlon announced the sale of Senvion SE, its wholly owned subsidiary, to Centerbridge Partners, a private equity firm in a deal valued at 7200 crores. The deal is expected to ease Suzlon's debt burden. In a further equity infusion, Dilip Shanghvi Family and Associates (DSA), run by Dilip Shanghvi, the founder and managing director of Sun Pharmaceuticals, agreed to purchase a 23 percent stake in Suzlon for a sum of 1800 crores. The deal will see Tanti's holding shrink to 24 percent, but management control will still remain with the Tanti family. Its total borrowings stood at 11430.76 crore in FY16 from 17810.96 crore FY15.


title: Suzlon

text: On 17 January 2017, Suzlon Energy achieved 10,000 megawatts installed wind energy milestone in India. Suzlon's 10,000 MW of wind installation is capable of powering over 5 million households per annum and offsets approximately 21.5 million tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO) emission annually which is equivalent to planting over 1500 million trees.


title: Suzlon

text: To date, the company has fifteen manufacturing facilities and a workforce of over 8,000 employees globally.


title: Suzlon

text: The stock price of the company in the Indian stock exchanges peaked in 2008 but recovered from the fall in 2009-2010.


title: Suzlon

text: Suzlon has cumulatively added over 11000 megawatts of wind power capacity for over 1,700 customers in India across 40 sites in eight States.


title: Suzlon

text: In 2012, Suzlon signed an Expression of Interest with the government of Karnataka to develop 2500 MW of wind power in the state between 2012 and 2017.


title: Suzlon

text: Suzlon cluster is among the planet's leading renewable energy solutions supplier that's revolutionising and redefining the means property energy sources are controlled across the world. Presence in seventeen countries across Asia, Australia, Europe, Africa and therefore the Americas, Suzlon is powering a greener tomorrow with its sturdy competencies in renewable energy systems. Suzlon’s in depth vary of sturdy and reliable products backed by its fashionable R&D and quite twenty years of experience are designed to confirm optimum performance, higher yields and most come back on investment for the purchasers.


title: Suzlon

text: The philosophy that guides Suzlon's unique activities to save the environment, build up communities, and promote responsible progress is sustainable development. Suzlon's corporate headquarters are located at One Earth - Pune, one of the greenest corporate campuses in the world and a Platinum LEED accredited and GRIHA 5 star site. The campus was opened in 2009. One of the most well-known companies in the world in the field of renewable energy, The Suzlon Group has pioneered the use of sustainable energy sources. They wanted their new headquarters to reflect their belief that a physical workplace should blend into the natural environment. Famous Indian historical landmarks like Fatehpur Sikri and the Meenakshi Sundareshvara Temple Complex in Madurai were significant design inspirations for Suzlon One Earth. On these campuses, open and enclosed spaces are cleverly mixed in a clustered design. Both contain flat, sturdy elements connecting the complexes and draw attention to elements emphasizing sacred sites and quadrants. The concept of having water bodies on these reference campuses was carried over to Suzlon One Earth.


title: Suzlon

text: The building is constructed by one of India's highly decorated architects Prof. Christopher Benninger who has won the Indian Institute of Architects’ Annual Award for Excellence six times, more than any other architect.


title: Suzlon

text: Suzlon One Earth, a project that has established numerous precedents concerning energy efficiency, water management, harvesting, and waste treatment systems for developing countries, has propelled India onto the international green map.


title: Suzlon

text: Suzlon Energy Limited promised to build India's greenest office. The three-story structure is situated on 10.5 acres. Wind turbines (80%) and conventional and building-integrated solar panels (20%) are used to produce 5% (154 kilowatts) of the energy used there each year. One Earth is a zero-energy project because Suzlon's off-site wind turbines produce all the balance energy needed for the campus. 90% of the workstations have daylight and exterior views thanks to the design, which takes cues from vernacular architecture while preserving the environment and culture. This allows people to take in the seasons and weather and feel connected to the time of day. Light and cross-ventilation are permitted through aluminum louvers, which serve as a protective skin. Solar water heating and LED lighting systems both conserve energy. While all rainwater is collected, all sewage grey water is recycled in flushing, gardening, and air conditioning systems. The subterranean parking space may be ventilated and visually connected to all floors by glass exhaust vents with tropical plants.


title: Suzlon

text: The benefits of a developed area were factors in choosing the project site. Due to its position, the building has easy access to urban infrastructure, public transportation, and established infrastructure for the supply of power and water. The site for the project was chosen after careful consideration to meet not only the physical requirements of the company but also all the criteria for a genuinely Green project in a city like Pune, which is a little task, but a site in Hadapsar seems to fulfill all the requirements and is opposite the well-known Magarpatta city. The site had the advantage of being located within an already-developed area planned by corporate offices and residences. Located in the city of Pune or a site area of around 10 acres and a built-up area of around 75,000 square meters, the project was completed in 2009. It cost around rupees 280 crore rupees which is approximately equal to 63 million U.S. dollars


title: Suzlon

text: This long one at campus accommodates approximately 2500 employees. It is one of the few campuses in India that uses 100% renewable energy. The name on earth is dedicated to our precious planet and reinforces the belief that coexistence and responsible use of natural resources is the only way to achieve sustainability. The name One earth is designed to draw attention to the fact that we have only one earth, and we need to preserve it for a sustainable future. In keeping with the one-hour theme, the names of the functional blocks and the campus represent the five renewable elements of nature: fire, water, wind, sky, and earth. The only instruction to the architect was to create a global high-technology campus in which the visitor could feel the touch and essence of being in India, leaving the motto of the company powering a greener future, the architect relied exclusively on non-toxic and recycled materials.


title: Suzlon

text: Beginning in 2005, the architect fixed the fundamental concept of a central gathering place open to the sky, starting the design and building process. The campus had an upscale atmosphere thanks to it; it took the shape of a secret garden.


title: Suzlon

text: The main area is designed as a garden, which is emphasized by the water streams that descend in the shape of a waterfall and end in a pool of water. The central court's enormous water feature contributes to better air quality and evaporative cooling. An obelisk, also known as a Deepastambha, stands in the middle of this pool and is emphasized by many lighting. The group of glass chimneys is yet another recognizable aspect of this property. They are three in number and draw air from the cellars. Virtual instances of axial arrangement are the Deepastambha, the waterfall and glass chimneys, and the central corporate atrium, all arranged in a line. These serve as the campus's focal points.


title: Suzlon

text: The Corporate Atrium's large circular enclosed glass garden, from which the water of the grounds emanates and flows, mimics the concept of the courtyard. These components are among the few that support the concept of a Green Building complex by reflecting the idea of a Land Scraper instead of a Skyscraper.


title: Suzlon

text: The school saves 65% of its energy by using LED open-air lighting systems. Nearby photovoltaic panels and wind turbines generate 8% of the campus's annual energy needs at a yearly cost of about 11%. It is a Zero Energy Project since 92% of energy is obtained through renewable sources. These elements have allowed the campus to receive the Teri Griha 5 Star and Leed Platinum certifications. No other structures have a certificate from LEED so high. Large organizations need to start embracing sustainability, and the world progressively realizes that. They also need to design their structures with environmental sensitivity.


title: Suzlon

text: While adequate parking space has been allocated to facilitate the large number of staff who use the campus, the One Earth campus, which includes the office complex and the corporate learning center, can house about 2500 people. As a result, a smooth and efficient transportation system was an essential factor in the design. Initiatives have also been initiated to reduce emissions from the use of automobiles. The idea was to reduce personal transport requirements and use alternate transportation. Initiatives for sustainability, such as carpooling, were strongly promoted. The company bus service for one-earth employees provides pickups from convenient locations around the city. The project has also offered easily accessible parking spaces near entry gate lobbies in the basement of the building. 5% of the total vehicle parking capacity is marked as dedicated parking for carpooling. The parking lot for the scene has been designated and branded preferential parking places, and 96 E charging outlets in the basement can service more than 3% of the building's residents.


title: Suzlon

text: As part of Suzlon One Earth Campus's efforts to conserve water and increase water efficiency, water-efficient fixtures that use gathered rainwater and processed greywater cut water usage by more than 50%. High-efficiency irrigation technology uses recycled site water and captured rainwater to reduce potable water consumption for site irrigation by 50%. Recycled grey water is used for flushing irrigation, and HVAC systems, a rainwater treatment plant, and a sewage treatment plant have all been installed on-site. The landscape makes use of the Pebble drain concept, where all extra water from the podium's heart surface is discharged onto a Pebble drain. To stop soil erosion and collect extra water, drainage mats have been placed beneath every soft landscaping section on the stage. The goal of the project was to increase building water efficiency. These high-efficiency fixtures have been installed, such as dual flush toilets, urinals with hydronic urinal electronic sensors for automatic flushing, efficient flow plumbing fixtures pressure reducing devices, and water-conserving shower heads reusing storm water and greywater, which further reduces the burden on municipal water supply by reducing the demand for potable water and reusing waste water. The services for nonpotable uses, such toilet and urinal flushing, have also been connected with mechanical systems and custodial purposes. Different native or naturalized species with shallow water requirements and upkeep make up the landscape design. The use of native plants in the landscaping has helped to cut the need for irrigation by roughly 18%. By creating appropriate habitats for birds and butterflies, it aims to increase biodiversity in addition to taking into account the functional and psychological needs of humans. The ability of various native plant species to adapt to the soil and temperature of the area has been taken into consideration. The water usage of air conditioners has been cut by around 50% by using recycled or captured rainwater. Effective water chillers were chosen to achieve this. The projected amount of potable water needed for a cooling tower in the water-cooled chillers. For process water used in air conditioning systems, the view of storm water or grey water generated on the property has also been taken into consideration. A STP, a sewage treatment facility with a daily capacity of 120 kiloliters, is used to treat all wastewater produced in the buildings, including that from the kitchens, restrooms, and washing areas, to tertiary standards. The cleaned water is appropriate for flushing and HVAC uses in the landscape.


title: Suzlon

text: The Suzlon One Earth campus uses only renewable energy sources. Off-site wind turbines supply roughly 93% of the total energy used. The 18 on-site hybrid wind turbines, solar panels, and photovoltaic cells supply the remaining 7% of the energy. About 154 kilowatts of energy are used in this structure. Most building facades face North, South, Northwest, or Southeast due to the blocks' orientation. This makes layer control and proper tail illumination possible. Increasing the use of daylight is one of the most important energy-saving strategies. A building's thermal efficiency is maximized by its building envelope. By minimizing the heat load and maximizing daylight harvesting, it lowers the building's energy needs. In brief occupancy places like cafes, gyms, and employee lounges, systems like indirect evaporative cooling have been employed to help maintain acceptable temperatures of roughly 25 degrees Celsius and avoid the need for air conditioners. This has assisted in lowering the project's overall air conditioning requirement by about 300 tonnes. Contrary to the building's traditional ducted system, fresh air is pulled into the basement through sizable vents and pushed by a programmable logic controller panel. Dual-speed jet fans in the basement's center are controlled by the PLC. An exhaust fan collects the bad air at ten spots and blows it onto the terrace level. The CO2 sensors' signals, which can only operate when necessary and so further reduce electricity use, are used to control the functioning of the fans.


title: Suzlon

text: Ozone depletion is an issue brought on by the stratospheric presence of large quantities of chlorine and bromine chemicals. These substances are made from halogens and CFCS chlorofluorocarbons, which are typically utilized as aerosol propellants and cooling agents in air conditioners and freezers due to ozone layer depletion. As more UV radiation reaches the earth, it harms living things. When it comes to humans, UV radiation causes skin cancer. By reducing phytoplankton productivity, it also has an impact on other aquatic creatures. The one earth initiative aims to stop the destruction of the ozone layer by using CFC-free refrigerants in all HVAC systems. Additionally, there are no CFCs in the fire suppression systems.


title: Suzlon

text: Any project that seeks to be sustainable must prioritize reducing the trash that is typically produced throughout the construction process. The effective segregation, packing, and diversion of building waste for recycling to the proper vendors or channels was quantified as part of a construction waste management plan for one earth, which avoided landfilling dumps. Additionally, cardboard, metal, brick, acoustic tile, concrete, plastic, clean wood, glass, gypsum wallboard, carpets, and insulation were all recycled in some way. On the construction site, areas were set aside for the segregated or mixed gathering of recyclable items. Recycling activities were monitored all through the building process. The company partnered with NGO Swatch for the collection of recyclable materials from the construction site. Arrangements were made for operational management of waste by installing segregated waste collected units for recyclable materials on every floor. Construction haulers and recyclers handling the chosen materials were identified. By using materials with a higher recycled content throughout the project's construction, it was hoped to lower the embodied energy of the structure and lessen the effects of energy extraction and processing. The entire energy needed to extract, process, manufacture, and convey construction materials to the site is known as extensive materials displayed energy. Materials that can be delivered within an 800-kilometer radius are referred to as regional materials. The project sought to increase demand for building materials and goods that were extracted and manufactured in the region, thereby supporting the regional economy and minimizing the environmental impacts associated with transportation. The project used about 80% of restricted materials, which is notable by any standards. Plants collected within a ten-year cycle or less generally yield materials that are quickly regenerated. The goal was to replace scarce raw materials and long-cycle renewable resources with quickly renewable ones in order to lessen their use and depletion. A little under 6% of the total cost of all the items and building materials utilized in the project were made from quickly renewable elements.


title: Suzlon

text: Materials such as bamboo, wool, cotton insulation, Agro fiber, linoleum, wheat board, strawboard, and cork were employed in the project's interiors and were used for the flooring skirting ceiling tiles, walls, and partitions. Encouragement of environmentally conscious forest management was one of the project's goals. Therefore, only certified wood was used to satisfy various virgin wood requirements, and efforts were made to use at least 50% of wood-based materials that are certified in accordance with the guidelines and standards set forth by the Forest You Worship Council for complete buildings and components, including structural systems. Using post-tensioned slabs, it was possible to reduce the amount of structural steel and concrete by 50% and by 75%, respectively. Siporex flash blocks were utilized to improve the building's insulation.


title: Suzlon

text: The zero waste policy was put into place at One Earth to guarantee efficient waste management at the source and awareness among the building's residents. In order to eliminate waste completely, the zero waste policy directs people to restructure their resource use system. Additionally, it aids in spreading the message that in order to create a green working atmosphere, resources like paper, cardboard, food, etc. should be used carefully. The essential idea that waste management begins at the individual level and that the person producing garbage should be aware of its importance is projected by the policy.


title: Suzlon

text: It is well acknowledged that our built environment has an impact on people's comfort, productivity, and health. By increasing occupants' exposure to natural light, having a calming effect on the mind, and maintaining acceptable indoor air quality, a sustainable building improves the quality of the indoor environment and their working conditions. Such structures not only increase human comfort while lowering power and water usage, but they also have a favorable effect on general productivity and well-being. It is seen that a person's level of job satisfaction is influenced by how they feel about their workplace. In order to increase productivity and have a favorable psychological impact on employees, horizontal louvres were employed to let the most daylight into the office while keeping the glare and heat out. 90% of the rooms have views of the outside. It is thought that having access to a window that provides enough light and a view of the outside world benefits residents and influences how happy they are with their workplace.


title: Suzlon

text: Various lighting configurations foster a pleasant work environment, provide staff members control, and aid in energy conservation. Each workspace's lighting can be individually adjusted to the comfort of the users, which lowers the energy use associated with central lighting or uncontrolled lighting. One of the factors is to make sure that the indoor air quality is suitable for the building's occupants. Mechanical ventilation systems have been designed to allow 30% more fresh air to circulate indoors than is necessary, which significantly improves occupant comfort and well-being. CO2 monitoring systems are installed in higher density zones to control the inflow of fresh air by using dampeners and the treated fresh air. Carpets and composite wood with reduced toxicity levels, as well as TFA units with low VOC content paints, adhesives, and sealants, are used containers. In light of the health risks associated with workplace tobacco use, toxic housing materials were recovered, isolated, and in some cases, ventilated as well. The entire one earth campus is a strict no-smoking zone, and the management of Suzlon has eliminated its smoking policy to ensure that the global environmental concern is addressed even at the individual and corporate level. Human comfort is significantly influenced by lighting.


title: Suzlon

text: Over 90% of the regularly occupied spaces have individual lighting controls, which provide people choice and aid in energy conservation. However, too much can be just as unsettling as too little. Each cabin occupant has their own lighting settings, and task lighting is installed at workstations. A special effort has been made to guarantee that polluting zones, such as restrooms and copier rooms where chemicals are employed, have deck-to-deck full-height partitions with self-closing doors that suck air from the outside or from nearby occupied spaces and make up all of these places. All exhaust locations have been carefully chosen to be at least 25 feet away from fresh air intakes or air handling equipment. Copier rooms feature separate exhaust systems and adjustable air pressure so that contaminated air does not mix with the fresh air supply and air conditioning.


title: Xamarin

text: Xamarin is a Microsoft-owned San Francisco-based software company founded in May 2011 by the engineers that created Mono, Xamarin.Android (formerly Mono for Android) and Xamarin.iOS (formerly MonoTouch), which are cross-platform implementations of the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) and Common Language Specifications (often called Microsoft .NET).


title: Xamarin

text: With a C#-shared codebase, developers can use Xamarin tools to write native Android, iOS, and Windows apps with native user interfaces and share code across multiple platforms, including Windows, macOS, and Linux. According to Xamarin, over 1.4 million developers were using Xamarin's products in 120 countries around the world as of April 2017.


title: Xamarin

text: In 1999 Miguel de Icaza and Nat Friedman launched what eventually became known as Ximian to support and develop software for de Icaza's nascent GNOME project. After Microsoft first announced their .NET Framework in June 2000, de Icaza began investigating whether a Linux version was feasible. The Mono open source project was launched on July 19, 2001. Ximian was bought by Novell on August 4, 2003, which was then acquired by Attachmate in April 2011.


title: Xamarin

text: After the acquisition, Attachmate announced hundreds of layoffs for the Novell workforce, including Mono developers, putting the future of Mono in question.


title: Xamarin

text: On May 16, 2011, Miguel de Icaza announced on his blog that Mono would be developed and supported by Xamarin, a newly formed company that planned to release a new suite of mobile products. According to de Icaza, at least part of the original Mono team had moved to the new company.


title: Xamarin

text: The name Xamarin comes from the name of the Tamarin monkey, replacing the leading T with an X. This is in line with the naming theme used ever since Ximian was started.


title: Xamarin

text: After Xamarin was announced, the future of the project was questioned since MonoTouch and Mono for Android would now be in direct competition with the existing commercial offerings owned by Attachmate. It was not known at that time how Xamarin would prove they had not illegally used technologies previously developed when they were employed by Novell for the same work.


title: Xamarin

text: In July 2011, however, Novell – now a subsidiary of Attachmate – and Xamarin announced that Novell had granted a perpetual license to Xamarin for Mono, MonoTouch and Mono for Android, and Xamarin formally and legally took official stewardship of the project.


title: Xamarin

text: In December 2012, Xamarin released Xamarin.Mac, a plugin for the existing MonoDevelop Integrated development environment (IDE), which allows developers to build C#-based applications for the Apple's macOS operating system and package them for publishing via the App Store.


title: Xamarin

text: In February 2013, Xamarin announced the release of Xamarin 2.0. The release included two main components: Xamarin Studio, a re-branding of its open-source IDE Monodevelop; and integration with Visual Studio, Microsoft's IDE for the .NET Framework, allowing Visual Studio to be used for creating applications for Android, iOS and Windows.


title: Xamarin

text: On July 17, 2013, Xamarin announced that they had closed $16 million in Series B funding led by Lead Edge Capital. Several investors from their Series A funding also participated, including Charles River Ventures, Floodgate, and Ignition Partners. On August 21, 2014, Xamarin successfully closed an additional $54 million in Series C funding, which is one of the largest rounds of funding ever raised by a mobile app development platform. Total funding for the company to date is $82 million.


title: Xamarin

text: On February 24, 2016, Xamarin and Microsoft announced that Microsoft signed a definitive agreement to acquire Xamarin. Terms of the deal were not disclosed, though the Wall Street Journal reported the price at between $400 million and $500 million.


title: Xamarin

text: At Microsoft Build 2016 Microsoft announced that they will open-source the Xamarin SDK and that they will bundle it as a free tool within Microsoft Visual Studio's integrated development environment, and Visual Studio Enterprise users would also get Xamarin's enterprise features free of charge. As a part of the acquisition they would also relicense Mono completely under the MIT License and would release all other Xamarin SDK software through the .NET Foundation also under the MIT License.


title: Xamarin

text: The Xamarin company produces an open source software platform by the same name, and Xamarin 2.0 was released in February 2013. Xamarin extends the .NET developer platform with tools and libraries specifically for building apps for Android, iOS, tvOS, watchOS, macOS, and Windows (UWP) primarily with C# in Visual Studio. Developers can re-use their existing C# code, and share significant code across device platforms. Several well-known companies including 3M, AT&T, and HP have used the platform to create their apps. Xamarin integrates with Visual Studio, Microsoft's IDE for the .NET Framework, and subsequently is available for use by macOS users through Visual Studio for Mac. Xamarin also released a component store to integrate backend systems, 3rd party libraries, cloud services and UI controls directly into mobile apps.


title: Xamarin

text: Introduced in Xamarin 3 on May 28, 2014, and allows one to use portable controls subsets that are mapped to native controls of Android, iOS and Windows Phone. Windows Phone was deprecated and removed in favour of UWP.


title: Xamarin

text: It is also possible to target other different platforms such as Tizen (by Samsung), GTK (Linux), WPF and macOS even though they have stayed in Preview.


title: Xamarin

text: This system uses XAML. Microsoft has modified this framework to work with the Universal Windows Platform.


title: Xamarin

text: Microsoft enables native mobile development with Blazor. Mobile Blazor Bindings allow developers to build native Android and iOS using C#, .NET, and web programming patterns. Uno Platform also supports .NET-based native mobile development.


title: Xamarin

text: At Microsoft Build 2020, Microsoft announced that Xamarin.Forms was going to be merged into .NET 6 as .NET Multi-platform App UI (.NET MAUI). .NET MAUI adds macOS support via Mac Catalyst.


title: Xamarin

text: Xamarin Test Cloud makes it possible to test mobile apps written in any language on real, non-jailbroken devices in the cloud. Xamarin Test Cloud uses object-based UI testing to simulate real user interactions.


title: Xamarin

text: Xamarin is a .NET developer platform made up of tools, programming languages, and libraries for building many different types of applications. Xamarin supplies add-ins to Microsoft Visual Studio that allows developers to build Android, iOS, and Windows apps within the IDE using code completion and IntelliSense. Xamarin for Visual Studio also has extensions that provide support for the building, deploying, and debugging of apps on a simulator or a device. In late 2013, Xamarin and Microsoft announced a partnership that included further technical integration and customer programs to make it possible for their joint developer bases to build for all mobile platforms. In addition, Xamarin now includes support for Microsoft Portable Class Libraries and most C# 5.0 features such as async/await. CEO and co-founder of Xamarin, Nat Friedman, announced the alliance at the launch of Visual Studio 2013 in New York.


title: Xamarin

text: On March 31, 2016, Microsoft announced that they were merging all of Xamarin's software with every version of Microsoft Visual Studio including Visual Studio Community, and this added various Xamarin features to come pre-installed in Visual Studio such as an iOS emulator.


title: Xamarin

text: At the time of its release in February 2013, Xamarin Studio was a standalone IDE for mobile app development on Windows and macOS, as part of Xamarin 2.0 based on the open source project MonoDevelop. In addition to a debugger, Xamarin Studio includes code completion in C#, an Android UI builder for creating user interfaces without XML, and integration with Xcode Interface Builder for iOS app design.


title: Xamarin

text: On Windows Xamarin Studio is now deprecated and was replaced with Xamarin for Visual Studio. On macOS Xamarin Studio is still in development, but was rebranded in 2016 as Visual Studio for Mac.


title: Xamarin

text: Xamarin.Mac was created as a tool for Apple technology application development using the C# programming language. Xamarin.Mac, as with Xamarin.iOS and Xamarin.Android, gives developers up to 90% of code reuse across Android, iOS and Windows. Xamarin.Mac gives C# developers the ability to build fully native Cocoa apps for macOS and allows for native apps that can be put into the Mac App Store.


title: Xamarin

text: Xamarin's .NET Mobility Scanner lets developers see how much of their .NET code can run on other operating systems, specifically Android, iOS, Windows Phone, and Windows Store. It is a free web-based service that uses Silverlight.


title: Xamarin

text: In October 2015 Xamarin announced that they had acquired the Swedish RoboVM for Java developer platform akin to its offerings, the reason stated by Xamarin for the acquisition was that if they developed a Java-based platform from the ground up, their end product would be similar to RoboVM so they acquired the company instead; as a result RoboVM operates independently of the Xamarin team. RoboVM enables developers to build Java apps for iOS and Android with fully native UIs, native performances, and all Java apps have the complete access to the APIs of each developer platform.


title: Xamarin

text: In April 2016 Microsoft announced that they would discontinue RoboVM and cease all subscriptions after April 30, 2017.


title: Korean martial arts

text: Korean martial arts (Hangul: 무술, Hanja: 武術, "musul" or Hangul: 무예, Hanja: 武藝, "muye") are fighting practices and methods which have their place in the history of Korea but have been adapted for use by both military and non-military personnel as a method of personal growth or recreation. The history of Korean martial arts can be traced as far back as the prehistoric era. The ancestors of modern Korean people migrated and settled in the Korean Peninsula as early as the 28th century BC, a geopolitical region besieged by thousands of known documented instances of foreign invasions. Consequently, the Korean people developed unique martial arts and military strategies in order to defend themselves and their territory.


title: Korean martial arts

text: Today, Korean martial arts are being practiced worldwide; more than one in a hundred of the world's population practices some form of taekwondo. Among the best recognized Korean practices using weapons are traditional Korean archery and Kumdo, the Korean adaptation of the Japanese Kendo. The best known unarmed Korean Martial Arts are Taekwondo and Hapkido , though such traditional practices such as ssireum - Korean Wrestling - and Taekkyon - Korean Foot Fighting - are rapidly gaining in popularity both inside and outside the country. In November 2011, Taekkyon was recognized by UNESCO and placed on its Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity List. There has also been a revival of traditional Korean swordsmanship arts as well as knife fighting and archery.


title: Korean martial arts

text: Wrestling, called ssireum, is the oldest form of ground fighting in Korea, while Subak was the upright martial art of foot soldiers. Weapons were an extension of those unarmed skills. Besides being used to train soldiers, both of these traditional martial arts were also popular among villagers during festivals for dance, mask, acrobatic, and sport fighting. These martial arts were also considered basic physical education. However, Koreans (as with the neighboring Mongols) relied more heavily on bows and arrows in warfare than they did on close-range weapons.


title: Korean martial arts

text: It appears that during the Goguryeo dynasty, (37 BC – 668) subak/taekkeyon or ssireum (empty-handed fighting), swordsmanship, spear-fighting and horse riding were practiced. In 1935, paintings that showed martial arts were found on the walls of royal tombs believed to have been built for Goguryeo kings sometime between the years 3 and 427 AD. Which techniques were practiced during that period is, however, something that cannot be determined from these paintings. References to Subak can be found in government records from the Goguryeo dynasty through the Joseon dynasty, until the 15th century, after which its popularity declined It reappears only in 1790 book about martial arts titled "Muyedobotongji" (무예도보통지).


title: Korean martial arts

text: It is believed that the warriors from the Silla Dynasty (57 BC-935 AD) known as the Hwarang learned subak from the neighboring Goguryeo armies when they appealed for their help against invading Japanese pirates. But this remains a conjecture, as there is zero actual documentation of such in Korean records. There also remains no known documentation of specific military training by the Hwarang.


title: Korean martial arts

text: The development of Subak continued during the Goryeo Dynasty (935–1392). Goryeo records that mention the martial arts always include passages about Subak. The Joseon government, however, outlawed the practice of Subak as a public spectacle in response to problems arising from the betting practices of large numbers of Korean farmers and landowners (these betting practices included wagering land and sometimes family members). Subak disappears in the records of the Joseon Dynasty to make place to Taekkyon. Taekkyon players are portrayed in several paintings from that era. The most famous painting is probably the Daegwaedo (Hangul: 대괘도, Hanja: 大快圖), painted in 1846 by Hyesan Yu Suk (혜산 유숙, 1827–1873), which shows men competing in both ssireum (씨름) and Taekkyon.


title: Korean martial arts

text: With the Mongol conquest, the Korean military was reorganized around the mounted archer. Armor and weaponry became very similar to Mongol armor and weaponry. Acrobatic horsemanship (masangjae), falconry and polo (Gyeokgu) were imported. The Korean Composite bow (which is very similar to the medieval Mongol bow) was adopted at this time. The unique construction of the Korean Gakgung bow shows the original form of the Mongol bow, before the Manchus improved it with stronger and bigger ears. As the military class in late Goryeo was almost entirely populated by ethnic Mongols in practice, the Joseon Army also carried on the mounted archer tradition. (Yi Seong-gye, the founder of the Joseon dynasty was a hereditary Mongol darughachi of Korean origin, administering the Mongol province of Ssangseong in N.E. Korea. Choi Young made his reputation fighting for the Mongols in northern China, putting down Han rebellions in the last days of the Yuan dynasty.) Until the publication of Muyedobotongji in 1795, archery remained a singular Korean martial art, testable during the military portion of the Gwageo (National Service Examination)


title: Korean martial arts

text: As the continuation of Goryo military, the Joseon military maintained the primacy of the bow as its main stay weapon. Gungdo remained the most prestigious of all martial arts in Korea. Gungdo was the single most important testable event in gwageo, the national service exam used to select Army officers from 1392 to Gabo Reform in 1894 when gwageo system was terminated.


title: Korean martial arts

text: During the Imjin War (1592–1598), Toyotomi Hideyoshi launched the conquest of China's Ming Dynasty by way of Korea. However, after two unsuccessful campaigns towards the allied forces of Korea and China and his death, his forces returned to Japan in 1598. but with heavy loss of men and cultural heritage. It was also during this war that the famous turtle ships (Geobukseon, 거북선) were used by Admiral Yi Sun-sin. These ships were covered with metal shields, much like the shell of a turtle, which could withstand the gun attacks of the Japanese.


title: Korean martial arts

text: In 1593, Korea received help from China to win back Pyongyang. During one of the battles, the Koreans learned about a martial art manual titled Ji Xiao Xin Shu (紀效新書), written by the Chinese military strategist Qi Jiguang. King Seonjo (1567–1608) took a personal interest in the book, and ordered his court to study the book. This led to the creation of the Muyejebo (무예제보, Hanja: 武藝諸譜) in 1599 by Han Gyo, who had studied the use of several weapons with the Chinese army. Soon this book was revised in the Muyejebo Seokjib and in 1759, the book was revised and published at the Muyesinbo (Hangul: 무예신보, Hanja: 武藝新譜).


title: Korean martial arts

text: During the Imjin war, three main weapons were identified by all sides as representative of their armies. The Japanese were known for their arquebus. The Ming Dynasty Chinese forces were known for their lance. Koreans were known for their Pyeonjeon used in conjunction with the Korean composite bow. During the war itself, Korea began adopting the Arquebus, eventually mastering it. Korean arquebusiers became so well known for their ability to kill tigers, which were rampant in Korea throughout its history until its final extermination in 1919, that Ming China requested the assistance of Korean arquebusiers against the rising Manchus in 1619. At the Battle of Sarhu, Korean order of battle was composed of 10,000 arquebusiers out of 13,000 total men. This event illustrates how Korea quickly adopted modern weaponry and discarded close quarter martial arts.


title: Korean martial arts

text: Following the 1636 Second Manchu invasion of Korea, where Manchu composite archers defeated Koreans, who were also mostly composed of archers, supplemented by arquebusiers, the Manchu Qing Dynasty demanded Korean arquebusiers in their battles against Russia in the late 1600s. In 1654 and 1658, Joseon deployed 400 of its best tiger hunters as Arquebusiers to fight the Russians along the Amur River during the Sino-Russian border conflicts. Again, no record of swordmen, empty hand martial arts being used or favored by the Korean Army during this period.


title: Korean martial arts

text: In 1790, the Royal Korean Army published the richly illustrated Muyedobotongji (Hangul: 무예도보통지, Hanja: 武藝圖譜通志). The book does not mention ssireum, subak, or taekkyon, but shows influences from Chinese and Japanese fighting systems. The book, deals mostly with armed combat like sword fighting, double-sword fighting, spear fighting, stick fighting, and so on. The chapter that deals with a style of empty-handed fighting called kwonbeop ("fist methods," a generic name for empty-handed combat; the word is the Korean pronunciation of quanfa) shows techniques that resemble Chinese martial arts—quite different from taekkyon. According to the Muyedobotongji, empty-handed combat should be learned before armed combat, since it forms the basis of a martial education. It also states that internal styles are better suited for fighting than external styles. The name for the martial arts of the Muyedobotongji is shippalgi. This manual was intended as a training manual for Soldiers in the 1790s, as military arts had withered by that time. Despite the publication of this manual, it was never widely distributed, and there was no renaissance of martial arts in Korea.


title: Korean martial arts

text: In 1895, Emperor Gojong invited 40 sword masters from Japan to begin teaching the art of the sword to his Korean Army cadets and police officers. This was decided upon due to the lack of native sword masters in Korea at the time . The teaching of the Art of the Sword continued well after the 1910 Annexation, until the art was formally named Kendo in Japan, and Kumdo in Korean.


title: Korean martial arts

text: In 1899, Emperor Gojong of Korean Empire, with the encouragement of Prince Heinrich of Prussia, who was visiting Korea at the time, established Gungdo as an official sport, allowing it to flourish throughout the next century, being recognized by the Japanese Occupation government as a folk art in 1920. The Korean Gungdo Federation was established in Seoul in 1920. Along with Ssireum, Gungdo achieved nationwide popularity within Korea throughout the 1930s and 1940s, even as Japanese martial arts also garnered a large following on the peninsula.


title: Korean martial arts

text: During the Donghak Rebellion, much of the rebels used old matchlock arquebuses against the modern rifles of the Korean and Japanese Army. Although the rebels initially fought against the Korean government, following the fall of Jeonju, the Korean government had invited in the Japanese Army to help suppress the peasant rebels. With the annexation of Korea in 1910, all matchlocks were confiscated and destroyed by the Japanese. However, the Japanese did not stop the production and keeping of bows, which they did not consider as a threat to internal security.


title: Korean martial arts

text: The two extant martial arts at the time of Japanese take over in 1910, Ssireum and Gungdo grew in popularity during the Japanese occupation period, both of them founding their current federations in 1920. Many of the oldest Gungdo clubs in Seoul, including Hwanghakjeong (near Gyeongbokgung Palace) and Sukhojeon on Namsan (Seoul) were founded in the 1930s. Taekkyon did not enjoy much popularity during the occupation era. It has grown in popularity only in the 21st century through the continuance of Song Deok-Gi (1893-1987).


title: Korean martial arts

text: Currently these new arts such as Taekwondo and Hapkido created since 1945 remain the most popular in Korea. Other modern styles such as Tae Soo Do and Hwa Rang Do, which have a sizeable presence in the US and Europe, are almost unknown in Korea, as the founders relocated to the US and focused on operations in the US. Gungdo participation is limited by the high cost of the equipment, with a traditional horn made reflex bow costing upwards of $1000, and most Gungdo clubs in Seoul charging over $1000 application fee for membership, similar to golf clubs. This limits participation to the upper and upper middle class. Many Korean junior high schools, high schools, and colleges maintain martial arts teams to include ssireum, kumdo (kendo), judo and Taekwondo. Yong In University for instance, focuses on martial arts training for international competitions.


title: Korean martial arts

text: It should also be considered that Korean martial arts are still in a state of evolution as witnessed by recently emerging arts such as Teuk Gong Moo Sool and Yongmoodo. There is now also the development of Korean arts influenced by Western boxing, Muay Thai or Judo, these would include Gongkwon Yusul and Kyuk Too Ki.


title: Korean martial arts

text: Taekwondo (태권도; 跆拳道) is the national sport of both Koreas and the most recognized of the Korean martial arts. It is practiced all over the world by over 70 million people. Taekwondo is a martial art which can be used for self-defense as well as a sport. Taekwondo has hand, kicking/leg techniques, blocks, throws, takedowns, and in some dojangs, grappling, though the latter three are practiced for self-defense purposes and their use is forbidden in competition. Some dojangs may also include weapon techniques, most notably a staff. Taekwondo is best known for its variety of kicking techniques. However, it encompasses just as many hand techniques, throws, blocks, and takedowns as its kicks. As a sport, it is an event in most major, multi-sports games, including the Olympic Games and the World University Games.


title: Korean martial arts

text: Currently acknowledged as one of the oldest martial arts of Korea. Taekkyon is concerned with applying both the hands and feet at the same time to unbalance, trip, or throw the opponent. Hands and feet are always used together.


title: Korean martial arts

text: Taekkyon has many whole-body techniques with fully integrated armwork. Although Taekkyon primarily utilizes kicking, punching, and arm strikes thrown from a mobile stance and does not provide a framework for groundfighting, it does incorporate a variety of different throws, takedowns, and grappling techniques to complement its striking focus.


title: Korean martial arts

text: The survivance of Song Deok-gi, the last Taekkyon Master of the Joseon dynasty secured the transmission of the art: Taekkyon joined the list of Important Intangible Cultural Properties of Korea No. 76" on June 1, 1983. It is one of two Korean martial art which possesses such a classification. In November 2011 Taekkyon was recognized on the UNESCO's Intangible World Heritage Art list, becoming the first martial art recognized by UNESCO.


title: Korean martial arts

text: Subak is an ancient martial art originally from China. A long time ago it branched off into Korea. It no longer exists in China as its lineage has died off. However, it still exists in Korea practiced by a dwindling few.


title: Korean martial arts

text: Within Korea each region had their own style of Subak. Subak styles from region to region differed slightly.


title: Korean martial arts

text: Only two Subak styles remain today. One is taught as purely as Subak. And the other Subak style has been absorbed into modern Taekkyon by Master Shin Han Song.


title: Korean martial arts

text: When Master Shin Han Song tried to resurrect Taekkyon after the Korean war, he sought instruction from the Taekkyon master Song Doki, & instruction from the Subak master Il Dong. Shin Han Song then combined Taekkyon & Subak together.


title: Korean martial arts

text: Subak is of ancient origins and is different from Soo Bahk Do, which is a modern martial art using the same name (same pronunciation yet different spelling).


title: Korean martial arts

text: Tang Soo Do is a striking martial art, which was developed during the 20th century, yet it has its roots in ancient Korean martial arts, as well as martial arts from other nations. Although the name "Tang Soo Do" had been used before by the likes of Master Wong Kuk Lee, it is Hwang Kee who is usually credited as the creator of what is today known as Tang Soo Do, or Moo Duk Kwan Tang Soo Do, the school from which all others come from. As a child, Hwang Kee witnessed a man defend himself from several assailants using kicking techniques. (He was most likely using Taekkyon.) He followed this man home and watched him train from a distance. When asked, the man refused to teach Hwang Kee, but he began to watch the man, mimicking his movements, eventually developing such ability that he was considered a master. He also seems to have studied Karate briefly, as recollected by Wong Kuk Lee. In his travels, he also studied Yang style Tai Chi Chuan and a Northern style of Kung Fu, particularly the Tang Tui exercise, under a Chinese Kung Fu master named Yang. Combining his knowledge of various martial arts, he sought to teach his art as Hwa Soo Do, the Way of the Flowering Hand, but it proved unpopular. He then decided to rename his art Tang Soo Do, the Way of the Chinese Hand, in order to link it to the more popular practice of Karate at the time, and put together a Hyung (forms) curriculum based on the Karate kata found in Shotokan Karate, as described by Gichin Funakoshi in one of his books. This particular style, Tang Soo Do, differentiated itself from Karate due to its emphasis on kicking, a vestige of the old Taekkyon arts.


title: Korean martial arts

text: After the Japanese occupation ended, Koreans sought to create a new national martial art/sport that had no link to the Japanese. To this end they decided to change the name of their art from Tang Soo Do and others to Taekwondo. Hwang Kee, however, did not desire to modify his art into a more generic form and rebelled against the change, something that brought him legal complications that caused him to move his family to the United States, where Tang Soo Do would continue to thrive. Later on, Hwang Kee was exposed to the ancient document Muyedobotongji, which depicted descriptions of ancient Korean martial arts such as Subak. Drawing inspiration from this document, and using his cross-training in Chinese Gung Fu, Okinawan Karate and Korean martial arts, he created the Chil Sung hyungs, a series of 7 hyungs and the Yuk Ro hyungs, a series of 6 hyungs, which brought back some of the combat elements of the ancient Subak art contained in the Muyedobotongji. Years later, Tang Soo Do would change its name to Soo Bahk Do (Way of the Striking Hand), however, both names are still in use by various associations and represent essentially the same martial art.


title: Korean martial arts

text: Tang Soo Do sets itself apart from other arts by identifying as a traditional martial art solely interested in self-defense, eschewing sport-orientation. It consists mostly of striking techniques focused towards self-defense, but also features several stand-up grappling and joint-manipulation techniques in its ho sin sul (self defense) and il sook si dae ryun (one-step sparring) curriculums. Tang Soo Do has had a sizable impact on the martial arts world, as the first example of Korean martial arts seen in the West, where people like Chuck Norris introduced and popularized its most characteristic techniques, such as the spinning back kick, spinning hook kick and spinning back fist. Curtis Bush, Dennis Alexio and Hector Peña have all used Tang Soo Do to become kickboxing and full contact world champions, and martial arts action stars the likes of Chuck Norris, Cynthia Rothrock and Hwang Jang Lee have popularized the art in film, television and, through homages, in video games as well.


title: Korean martial arts

text: Though various forms of grappling have been known in Korea for generations, Hapkido is essentially a 20th-century development, based on Japanese Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu but incorporating Korean striking techniques. The foundation for Hapkido was established by Choi Yong Sul. Returning from Japan in 1946, Choi began teaching material reportedly taught to Choi by Sokaku Takeda. Choi called his style Yawara [柔], but modified the name to Hapki Yusul [合氣 柔術] and later to Hapki Yukwonsul [合氣 柔拳術] to distinguish it from Japanese aiki-jujutsu, which was written in the same characters, and from which much of the early hapkido techniques were derived. Choi's practices were later renamed to Hapkido [合氣道] and students of Choi Yong Sul, such as Ji Han Jae, the late Myung Kwang-sik, the late Han Bong-soo and others helped to spread this art both inside and outside Korea. Since the hanja are identical to those of Aikido, Japanese Aikido and Korean Hapkido are often confused and stylistic similarities do cause these separate arts to approximate each other in some ways. In like manner, some variants of Hapkido such as Kuk Sool Won, Hwa Rang Do and Hankido have adopted a range of Chinese practices and execution.


title: Korean martial arts

text: Along with Taekwondo, Hapkido has helped to establish modern Korean martial arts by providing systemization and incorporating into other styles. This process complemented the other modern Korean martial art, Taekwondo.


title: Korean martial arts

text: Hanmudo (한무도) is a recent hybrid Korean martial art, developed by Dr He-Young Kimm. He founded the World Hanmudo Association in 1989.


title: Korean martial arts

text: The reflex bow had been the most important weapon in Korean wars with Chinese dynasties and nomadic peoples, recorded from the 1st century BCE. Legend says the first king and founder of the Goguryeo, Go Jumong, was a master of archery, able to catch 5 flies with one arrow. Park Hyeokgeose, the first king of the Silla, was also said to be a skilled archer. Rumors of archers in Goguryeo and Silla presumably reached China; the ancient Chinese gave the people of the north east, Siberia, Manchuria and the Korean Peninsula, the name of Dongyi (東夷), the latter character (夷) being a combination of the two characters for "large" (大) and "bow" (弓).


title: Korean martial arts

text: However, the word 夷 was first used in Chinese history referring to the people South of Yellow River over 5,000 years ago. Later, when Yi 夷 people joined the tribes of Hua Xia [華夏] Chinese, 夷 meant outsiders. By that time, DongYi refers to Korean, as in Outsiders from the East


title: Korean martial arts

text: With the Mongol Conquest of Korea, archery became the main stay of Korean military. The swords and spears of the Korean and Chinese armies did very little to stop Mongol archers and were quickly discarded in favor of the composite bow, which proved to be a much more effective weapon against the Mongols. Yi Seonggye, the founding king of Joseon was known to have been a master archer. In a battle against Japanese pirates, Yi Seonggye, assisted by Yi Bangsil, killed the young samurai commander "Agibaldo" with two successive arrows, one arrow unhelmeting the warrior, with the second arrow entering his mouth. In his letter to General Choi Young, Yi Seonggye lists as one of five reasons not to invade Ming Dynasty as during the monsoon season, glue holding together the composite bow weakens, reducing the effectiveness of the bow.


title: Korean martial arts

text: Founding of Joseon dynasty saw the retention of the composite bow as the main stay of the Joseon military. Archery was the main martial event tested during the military portion of the national service exam held annually from 1392 to 1894. Under Joseon, archery reached its zenith, resulting in the invention of pyeonjeon, which saw great service against the Japanese in 1592 and against the Manchus in the early 1600s.


title: Korean martial arts

text: Until the Imjin wars, archery was the main long-range weapon system. During that war, the tactical superiority of the matchlock arquebus became apparent, despite its slow rate of fire and susceptibility to wet weather. However, it was the Korean composite bow, referred to as the "half bow" by the Japanese, that halted the Japanese at the Battle of Haengju as well as at the Battle of Ulsan. Although Joseon adopted the arquebus during the Imjin War, the composite bow remained the main stay of its Army until the reforms of 1894. Under King Hyojong's military reforms, an attempt hosinsoolˌ'護身術' was made to revive horse archery as a significant element of the military. It was also practiced for pleasure and for health, and many young males and a some many females - including the king - would spend their free time practicing it.


title: Korean martial arts

text: The traditional Taekkyon system has no fixed curriculum. Every student is treated individually and thus the lesson is always different, although all of the basic skills are eventually covered. The basic skills are taught in temporary patterns, that evolve as the student learns. Basic skills are expounded on and variations of each single skill are then practised, in multiple new combinations. When the student has learned all the variations of the basic movements & techniques, and can intermix all of them proficiently, they're encouraged to perform the Taekkyon Dance. Taekkyon is a Ten-year technique.


title: Korean martial arts

text: Modern Korean martial arts' systemization and presentation are very similar to their Japanese counterparts (i.e., barefoot, with uniforms, classes executing techniques simultaneously by following the teacher's commands, and sometimes, showing respect by bowing to a portrait of the founder and/or to national flags). Many modern Korean martial arts also make use of colored belts to denote rank, tests to increase in rank, and the use of Korean titles when denoting the teacher denoting Japanese colonial influence. These include:


title: Korean martial arts

text: NOTE: remove the word "nim" for the actual titles as "nim" is an honorific meaning "sir" or its equivalent.


title: Korean martial arts

text: These Korean terms are based on Confucian rank systems (with the same Chinese characters). Many schools also make use of Korean terminology and numbers during practice, even if located outside [South] Korea.


title: Korean martial arts

text: Korean martial arts are usually practiced in a "dojang" (도장), which may also be referred to as "cheyukkwan" (체육관 / 體育館, i.e., gymnasium). The practitioners wear a uniform or "tobok" (도복) with a belt or "tti" (띠) wrapped around it. This belt usually shows which grade the practitioner has attained. A student usually starts with a white belt and moves through a range of coloured belts (which differ from style to style) before reaching the black belt. The grades before black belt are referred to as "geup" or "kup" (급), while the black belt ranks are referred to as "dan" (단). In some cases, students younger than 16 years of age are not given dan grades, but rather "pum" or "poom" (품) or "junior black belt" grades. Some styles use stripes on the black belt to show which dan the practitioner holds. It is common for a system to have nine geup grades and nine dan grades. While it might only take a few months to go from one "geup" to the next, it can take years to go from one "dan" to the next. Most of the above terms are identical to those used in Japanese styles such as judo and karate, but with the Chinese characters read in Korean pronunciation, with a few exceptions. (Tobok, which originally meant a Taoist priest's garb, can be written with Chinese characters but is a purely Korean expression, used as an alternative to the Japanese 'gi'. Tti is a purely Korean word with no Chinese character.)


title: Korean martial arts

text: In some styles, like taekgyeon, the hanbok is worn instead of a tobok. The v-neck of many styles of taekwondo uniform was supposedly fashioned after the hanbok, but may simply be a modification for a pullover top to accommodate the modesty of female practitioners. (Standard jacket construction often requires females to wear a T-shirt, leotard, or sport bra underneath the jacket, whereas the pullover v-neck jacket does not.)


title: MacArthur Park

text: MacArthur Park (originally Westlake Park) is a park dating back to the late 19th century in the Westlake neighborhood of Los Angeles. In the early 1940s, it was renamed after General Douglas MacArthur, and later designated City of Los Angeles Historic Cultural Monument #100.


title: MacArthur Park

text: The lake in MacArthur Park is fed by natural springs (although an artificial bottom to the lake was laid during the construction of the Red Line, opened in 1993). In the past, a fountain with a reflecting pool on the northern end was also fed by the springs. The Westlake/MacArthur Park B Line station is across the street.


title: MacArthur Park

text: The park is divided in two by Wilshire Boulevard. The southern portion primarily consists of a lake, while the northern half includes an amphitheatre, bandshell, soccer fields, and children's playground, along with a recreation center operated by the City of Los Angeles Department of Recreation and Parks. The bandshell was once home to many organizations and events, such as Jugaremos en Familia (a live event hosted by Memo Flores for the Hispanic community).


title: MacArthur Park

text: Public artworks installed in the park have included the MacArthur Monument, "Entry Arch", "General Harrison Gray Otis", the Hungarian Freedom Fighters Memorial, "MacArthur Park Singularity", "Mine Was the Better Punch, But It Didn't Win the Wristwatch", and "Prometheus Bringing Fire to Earth". Previously, the statue of Charles III of Spain was installed in the park.


title: MacArthur Park

text: The park, originally named Westlake Park, was built in the 1880s, along with a similar Eastlake Park, whose lake is artificial, in Los Angeles. Westlake Park was renamed May 7, 1942; Eastlake Park was renamed Lincoln Park. Both Westlake and Eastlake (as well as Echo Park) were built as drinking water reservoirs connected to the city's system, Zanja Madre. When the city abandoned the non-pressurized "zanja" system for a pressurized pipe system, these smaller, shallow reservoirs located at low points no longer provided much benefit and were converted into parks.


title: MacArthur Park

text: The park was named for Henricus Wallace Westlake, a Canadian physician who had moved to Los Angeles around 1888, settled in the area and donated a portion of his property to the city for a park.


title: MacArthur Park

text: In the mid-19th century the area was a swampland; by the 1890s, it was a vacation destination, surrounded by luxury hotels. In the early part of the 20th century, the Westlake neighborhood became known as the Champs-Élysées of Los Angeles.


title: MacArthur Park

text: Wilshire Boulevard formerly ended at the lake, but in 1934 a berm was built for it to cross and link up with the existing Orange Street (which ran from Alvarado to Figueroa Streets) into downtown Los Angeles. Orange Street was renamed Wilshire and extended east of Figueroa Street to Grand Avenue. This divided the lake into two halves; the northern one was subsequently drained. From the 1940s, the lake featured the rental of electric boats, with the names of comic book animal characters.


title: MacArthur Park

text: According to a "Los Angeles Times" news story from 1956, two swans, named Rudie and Susie, hatched their five new cygnets on the island in MacArthur Park Lake, and according to the park superintendent, these were the first swans born in the park in over a decade.


title: MacArthur Park

text: For many years, Filipino World War II veterans protested in the park named after their former commander regarding promises made when they enlisted that the United States had reneged on. In 2009 as part of the stimulus package, Congress awarded lump-sum payments of $15,000 to Filipino veterans who are American citizens and $9,000 to those who are noncitizens.


title: MacArthur Park

text: MacArthur Park became known for violence after 1985 when prostitution, drug dealing, shoot-outs, and the occasional rumored drowning became commonplace, with as many as 30 murders in 1990. When the lake was drained in 1973 and 1978, hundreds of handguns and other firearms were found disposed of in the lake.


title: MacArthur Park

text: Two May Day rallies calling for US citizenship for undocumented immigrants were held at MacArthur Park on May 1, 2007. When the protest overflowed onto city streets, police drove motorcycles through the crowd, then ordered the crowd to disperse. Some people began throwing plastic bottles and rocks at officers. Members of the Los Angeles Police Department then used batons and rubber bullets in a manner later found by the LAPD's own investigation, as well as by the courts, to be excessive. After community mobilization, pressure from the Mayor, and an extensive internal review, LAPD Chief William Bratton apologized, the commanding officer was demoted, seventeen other officers faced penalties, and the LAPD paid more than $13 million in damages.


title: MacArthur Park

text: Beginning in 2002, the Los Angeles Police Department and business and community leaders led a redevelopment effort that has led to the installation of surveillance cameras, the opening of a recreation center, increased business, early-morning drink vendors, a new Metro station, the return of the paddle boats and the fountain, and large community festivals attracting thousands. Along with determined campaigns to improve community relations between the neighborhood and the police, crime rates went down through the mid-2000s.


title: MacArthur Park

text: In 2007, Levitt Pavilion Los Angeles opened, offering 50 free concerts each summer and attracting a wide range of audiences from around the country and globally. Currently programmed & produced (as of 2017) by local resident Matthew Himes, notable acts that have performed include Celso Pina, Fishbone, Bomba Estereo, La Sonora Dinamita, Jimmy Webb, Kinky, La Resistencia, Nortec Collective and many more. In the same year, the paddle boats returned. They were available for rent on the weekends in 2009. By early 2010, the boathouse was closed. Eventually, the paddle boats were removed. The boathouse was demolished in 2014.


title: MacArthur Park

text: The MacArthur Park bandshell was painted by local artists and graffiti artists under the direction of Otis Parsons. Some of the artists involved were: Robert Williams, Skill, John "Zender" Estrada, Hector "Hex" Rios, Geo, Exit, Trip, Hate Prime, Relic, Galo "MAKE" Canote, RickOne and others. Some of the artwork was featured in the book "Spraycan Art" by Henry Chalfant and Jim Prigoff.


title: MacArthur Park

text: The lakeside portion of the park would be temporarily close for 10 weeks beginning on October 15, 2021.


title: MacArthur Park

text: The area surrounding MacArthur Park, one of the poorest areas of Los Angeles, has widely reported crime rates. Considered to be MS-13 territory, many poorer locals of the area, especially those doing illicit business in the park, are forced to pay a "tax" to the gang in exchange for being left alone. In 2021, multiple attacks on transgender sex workers in the park had led to increased police presence and were widely reported.


title: MacArthur Park

text: MacArthur Park has been used as a filming location numerous times. In "Hard Luck" (1921) Buster Keaton eludes the police by posing with a statue in the park. In " A Woman of Paris" (1923) Charles Chaplin uses the north side of the park and the Ansonia in two scenes. MacArthur Park/Westlake Park and its boats figure prominently as the scene of a murder in the 1949 film noir "Killer Bait" (also known as "Too Late for Tears") with Lizabeth Scott, Don DeFore, Dan Duryea and Arthur Kennedy. In 1973 'The Phantom of Herald Square' an episode of the t.v horror anthology series 'Circle of Fear' included a significant number of scenes filmed within the park. A scene from the 1977 TV movie "The Amazing Spider-Man" was filmed here. A scene from the television series Dragnet features MacArthur Park in 1967 titled "The Bank Examiner Swindle." In the episode of "The Fresh Prince Of Bel-air" "72 Hours", Carlton Banks plans to conduct illegal sales of counterfeit merchandise in the park, hoping to prove his street cred to Will and his friends.


title: MacArthur Park

text: In the movie "Training Day", Jake stops two drug addicts from raping a 14-year-old girl near MacArthur Park. MacArthur Park was also featured in the 2001 Sundance film "MacArthur Park". MacArthur Park was prominently featured in the 1997 film "Volcano", as well as the 2005 film "Kiss Kiss Bang Bang". MacArthur Park is featured in the critically acclaimed 2011 film "Drive". In the Gym Class Heroes music video for Cupid's Chokehold (the "As Cruel as School Children" version) directed by Alan Ferguson, Travis McCoy and fictitious girlfriend Katy Perry meet in MacArthur Park along with dancing cupids. In the film "Havoc", Allison meets Hector in MacArthur Park the afternoon before she is arrested. MacArthur Park is featured in Lorde's 2017 music video for "Green Light".


title: MacArthur Park

text: Other films include "The Nickel Ride" with Jason Miller, Private Parts (1972), "Going Ape!" with Tony Danza, Murphy's Law with Charles Bronson, The Hidden with Kyle McLaughlan, "A Patch of Blue" with Sidney Poitier, and "The Bigamist" with Ida Lupino.


title: MacArthur Park

text: The 1968 hit song "MacArthur Park," written by Jimmy Webb and originally recorded by Richard Harris and later covered by Donna Summer, was inspired by this location.


title: MacArthur Park

text: In an episode of "Curb your Enthusiasm", the park is humorously suggested as a place to visit by a hotel concierge performed by Bill Hader.


title: Nobody Knows (2004 film)

text: "Nobody Knows" tells the story of four children: Akira, Kyōko, Shigeru and Yuki, who are aged between five and twelve years old. They are half-siblings, with each of them having different fathers. Because the three youngest children are in the apartment illegally without the landlord's knowledge or permission, they cannot go outside or be seen in the apartment, and they do not attend school. Their mother leaves them alone for weeks, and finally does not return. Forced over time to survive on their own, they can only rely on each other to face the multiple challenges in front of them.


title: Nobody Knows (2004 film)

text: "Nobody Knows" was first shown at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival on 12 May 2004. It was subsequently released in Japanese cinemas on 7 August 2004. The film was well received by critics, and it grossed over US$11 million worldwide. It won several awards, most notably Best Actor at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival as well as Best Film and Best Director awards at the 47th Blue Ribbon Awards. At the time Yūya Yagira became the youngest Best Actor winner in the history of the Cannes Film Festival.


title: Nobody Knows (2004 film)

text: A young mother and her four children move into a small apartment in Tokyo. Only the eldest, Akira, is known to the landlord; he and his mother Keiko smuggle the youngest boy and girl, Shigeru and Yuki, into the apartment inside suitcases. The elder sister, Kyōko, comes separately by train. Each of the children have different fathers. Their mother does not allow them to go to school or be seen by others, and only Akira is allowed to go outside.


title: Nobody Knows (2004 film)

text: After a few months, Keiko tells Akira that she has a new boyfriend, and that after she gets married, the children can lead normal lives, but Akira seems doubtful. Without warning, Keiko leaves home and is away for months, leaving only a small amount of money for the children. Akira is forced to take charge of paying the rent and other expenses and caring for his younger siblings. When they run out of money, Akira goes to see several men who may be Yuki's biological father and asks them for money.


title: Nobody Knows (2004 film)

text: At length, Keiko returns, bringing all the children gifts, but soon leaves again. Though she promises she will be back in time for Christmas, she breaks this promise, and the season changes to the New Year and then to spring without her returning, forcing Akira and Kyōko into the roles of surrogate parents. Akira soon finds evidence that she has already married and left them forever, though he does not tell his siblings. Again running out of money, they are unable to pay their rent any longer and subsist on inexpensive food from the convenience store. On Yuki's birthday, she asks to go outside to wait for their mother at the train station. The siblings enjoy a day out together, and though their mother does not return, Akira promises Yuki that one day he will take her on the Tokyo Monorail to see the airplanes take off at Haneda Airport.


title: Nobody Knows (2004 film)

text: Akira befriends two boys his own age at a game arcade who start frequenting the family's apartment, playing games and roughhousing, and he begins to neglect his siblings. The apartment is falling into disrepair with no one cleaning or keeping up with other chores. When Akira and the two boys go to the convenience store one day, they dare him to shoplift. Akira refuses, and the two boys leave him. Several months later, when the two have entered junior high school, Akira comes by their school and invites them over to play, but they refuse, and Akira overhears them saying that his house smells like garbage. In an apologetic gesture, Akira takes his siblings to a nearby park to play and buys them candy and toys at the convenience store. They start a garden on the veranda of the apartment, planting seeds from wildflowers inside instant noodle cups.


title: Nobody Knows (2004 film)

text: Eventually the electricity, gas, and water in the apartment are all turned off. The children start using the public park's toilet to wash themselves and the tap there for their water. On one of these visits, Shigeru starts a conversation with Saki, a high school student who is cutting class, which blossoms into a friendship between her and the siblings, and she begins to visit them and help Akira and Kyoko care for the family. However, when she tries to help Akira out of financial difficulties by offering him money obtained through enjo kōsai, Akira rejects it and runs away.


title: Nobody Knows (2004 film)

text: With summer approaching, the children have little money and are growing weary. Akira goes out one day to watch a junior high school's baseball match. The team's coach spots him and, short a player, asks him to sub in. Akira joins the game and enjoys playing baseball. While he is away, Yuki falls from a stool while trying to reach for something and dies. Akira goes to find Saki again, finally accepting her offer of financial support, and they buy as many boxes as they can find of Yuki's favorite chocolate candies, which they place with Yuki's dead body in a suitcase. With Saki's help, Akira takes the suitcase to a field near Haneda Airport's runway. They sit and watch planes come in, and then he and Saki dig a grave and bury the suitcase. They then return to the apartment, and the film ends with Akira, Kyōko, Shigeru, and Saki still together, walking home.


title: Nobody Knows (2004 film)

text: According to the director Hirokazu Kore-eda, though "Nobody Knows" was inspired by the true story of the Sugamo child abandonment case, it is not a factual recounting, and only the settings and the ending of the story are based on the true story.


title: Nobody Knows (2004 film)

text: Hirokazu Kore-eda had drafted and revised several screenplays for over 15 years. He also spent a very long time getting to know his subjects, and wanted the young cast members to interact, grow, and express their personalities freely, with as little adult dictation as possible. He did not use the usual structuring and cueing methods, but instead uses a discreet camera to show how children really live when no one is looking. Also, when the director discovered the actress Momoko Shimizu who played Yuki liked Apollo Choco more than Strawberry Pocky as was in the script, he changed his script to suit that and made her smile brighter. He chose not to make it a "feel-good" movie even though similar Japanese dramas often are. He avoided sentiment, aiming for a more stoic picture. This is because he wanted the audience to "take away something" from the film.


title: Nobody Knows (2004 film)

text: The director Hirokazu Kore-eda held extensive auditions to cast the four children, and the actors were all nonprofessionals. Also, during the casting, a little girl came in with noisy sandals. The director liked it so much that he brought it over to Yuki's character when searching for her mother. He also did not give the children detailed explanations of their roles, because he wanted them to be natural.


title: Nobody Knows (2004 film)

text: The filming took over a year, lasting from autumn 2002 to summer 2003. The reel was filmed chronologically and 70% of the story was set in a cramped Tokyo apartment (with every room built specifically for the film). The apartment was specially rented for a year for the filming of this film, and the filming assistants lived in the apartment when it was not used for filming. Director Hirokazu Kore-eda said that during the long filming period, he tried to build a relationship of trust between himself and the children, and also amongst the children themselves. During the children's filming breaks, the children were asked to write in their own journal entries about what they were thinking, ranging from the film to their own everyday concerns.


title: Nobody Knows (2004 film)

text: "Nobody Knows" held its first public screening at the "Le Theatre" in Ginza, Tokyo on June 30, 2004 after the film debuted at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival.


title: Nobody Knows (2004 film)

text: A DVD of "Nobody Knows" was released in Japan on 11 March 2005. It was released in DVD (region 2) format, and it has both English and Japanese subtitles. Separately, the "Making of Nobody Knows" DVD, which contains 41 minutes' worth of film taken during the filming of "Nobody Knows", was released on 23 December 2004.


title: Nobody Knows (2004 film)

text: "Nobody Knows" has received widespread acclaim from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of based on reviews, with an average ratings of . The site's critical consensus reads, "Tragic and haunting, a beautifully heart-wrenching portrait of child abandonment." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 88 out of 100, with all 31 critics giving positive reviews.


title: Nobody Knows (2004 film)

text: "The Japan Times" gave the film a rating of four out of five. The reviewer Mark Schilling describes the film's young actors as "superb", and said that the film "faithfully reflects the fabric of the children's lives over the course of a year". "The New York Times" says that the film is "too naturalistic, and too disturbing, to be a movie for children, but it nonetheless engages the audience's wondering, childlike imagination as well as its worrying adult conscience". It further adds that "It is also strangely thrilling, not only because of the quiet assurance of Mr. Kore-eda's direction, but also because of his alert, humane sense of sympathy".


title: Nobody Knows (2004 film)

text: In a 2013 review of a later film by Kore-eda, Andrew Schenker of "Slant Magazine" referred to "Nobody Knows" as the director's best film.


title: Nobody Knows (2004 film)

text: Yūya Yagira won the award for Best Actor at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival. He was the first Japanese actor to win this category at the Cannes. The film had also won the "Best One" award for Japanese film at the 78th Kinema Junpo Ten Best awards. At the same award ceremony, You won the best supporting actress and Yūya Yagira won the best new actor award.


title: Nobody Knows (2004 film)

text: At the 47th Blue Ribbon Awards, "Nobody Knows" won the best film award. Director Hirokazu Kore-eda also won the "Best Director" award.


title: Celina Jade

text: Celina Jade (born Celina Horan; 10 June 1985) is a Hong Kong-American actress, singer, songwriter, model, and martial artist. She is nominated as one of four the greatest beauties in Hong Kong SAR besides Carol Cheng, Lydia Shum and Amy Yip. She is the first Hong Konger of European descent to win this title.


title: Celina Jade

text: Internationally she is best known for her role as Shado (and Mei) in the 2010s CW series "Arrow". In China she is best known for starring in the 2017 blockbuster "Wolf Warrior 2", the second highest-grossing Chinese film ever made.


title: Celina Jade

text: Celina Jade was born in Hong Kong to American kung fu star Roy Horan and Chinese mother Christina Hui. She was educated at a local Chinese school from kindergarten through high school, and is fluent in Cantonese, Mandarin and English. She learned archery, shooting and Taekwondo from her father growing up. At 14, she left Hong Kong for New Jersey, but returned to Hong Kong shortly after, and attended Island School. She later attended the London School of Economics. She graduated top of her class with First Class Honours in BSc Management.


title: Celina Jade

text: Jade's acting career started in Hong Kong & China in 2007. She was cast as the leading lady in her first film, "Legendary Assassin" alongside Wu Jing. She also starred in Chinese Films "Love Connected", and "All's Well Ends Well"; appearing on TV shows like "Dolce Vita", "Jade Solid Gold"; with regular appearances across TV channels in China including TVB, CCTV and Hunan TV. In 2012, she landed her first role in a US film by Universal Pictures, "The Man with the Iron Fists", as directed by the RZA starring Russell Crowe & Lucy Liu. During the same year, she lent her voice as the character, Not Ping, in the Square Enix game "Sleeping Dogs". She also began filming her first web series, "Wish Upon a Star", as lead actress alongside Asian actor Peter Ho. Later in 2012, Jade was cast to play the recurring role of Shado (Oliver Queen's martial arts teacher & girlfriend) in The CW series "Arrow", a TV Show based on the DC Comics Green Arrow. She appeared in eighteen episodes over the first two seasons, before reappearing as Shado's twin sister Mei for two episodes of season three and 1 episode in season 4. In 2015, Jade starred opposite Asian action star Tony Jaa, Dolph Lundgren and Ron Perlman in “Skin Trade” as the leading lady. Shortly after, she was cast to play the character April in Indie film "April Flowers". In 2016, Jade rejoins Wu Jing to play the lead actress in the sequel of Chinese Franchise Wolf Warrior alongside China's Zhang Han & Frank Grillo. The film was the sixth highest-grossing film of 2017 at US$874 million, making it the 54th highest-grossing film worldwide. It is the first and only non-Hollywood film ever to be included in the list of 100 all-time highest-grossing films worldwide. It was selected as the Chinese entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 90th Academy Awards.


title: Celina Jade

text: At age 14, Jade won an Asia-wide singing competition, which led to a record deal with Japanese producer, Tetsuya Komuro. Together, they released two EPs, "Good News Bad News" and 'Kwong Ying Zi Gan'. In July 2000, she performed alongside Namie Amuro in front of President Bill Clinton & other world leaders at the G8 Summit in Okinawa, Japan. At age 15, she had her first number-one hit with the song, "Kwong Ying Zi Gan" in Taiwan. She has since then been featured in multiple ad campaigns for Marks & Spencers, Cathay Pacific, Motorola and Ponds globally.


title: Celina Jade

text: Jade signed with music mogul Paco Wong under Gold Typhoon (EMI) in 2007. She also sang the theme song for Legendary Assassin, "Ceng Jing Xin Teng", which was performed live on TV and radio stations across China. In 2009, she left GoldTyphoon (EMI) and signed with Terry McBride, CEO of Nettwerk Music Group (the force behind Avril Lavigne, Sarah McLachlan, Dido). In 2011, Jade wrote & sang the Mandarin single "Xun Zhao (The Find)" for the web series Wish Upon A Star & sang the theme song "Shi Zhong" with The Wheels. In late 2012, Jade independently released her first self-written album across the internet, Celina. In 2013, Jade was cast as the leading lady in the musical Good Morning Hong Kong which played at the Lyric Theatre in the Academy of Performing Arts. In 2014, Jade recorded a duet "迷彩 Fighting For" which hit No.1 on the TVB8 Chart and won the TVB8 Best Song Awards. The "Fighting For" Music Movie was selected by the Hanoi International Film Festival 2014 to premiere in Asia, and was the only Hong Kong short film to be in competition with 30 other shorts.


title: Celina Jade

text: In 2014 and 2015, Jade supports Maggie's Cancer Caring Centre in Hong Kong and offers her singing performances to raise money at the Fayre of St John's yearly event. Other charities & causes supported by Jade throughout the years include Filmaid using the power of film and media to transcend language and literacy, Room To Read focusing on girls' education and children's literacy in Asia and Africa, Bloomberg Charity Day, the Elephant Society working to stop the illegal trade in wildlife and animal parts, Foodlink Hong Kong mitigating hunger, fighting poverty and fostering nutritional wellness in HK, AMFAR supporting HIV/AIDS research, Asia Society forging closer ties between Asia and the West through arts, education, policy and business outreach.


title: Celina Jade

text: Jade is a vegetarian, a daily meditator and a healthy eating advocate for battling climate change. Inspired by a serious burn accident in 2012, Jade began her journey as a vegetarian and in 2016, worked hand-in-hand with Christian Gerard Mongendre in opening a two floor plant-based restaurant in Hong Kong called HOME - Eat to Live to promote sustainable living and healthier lifestyles. The restaurant closed in 2017.


title: Celina Jade

text: Since February 2018, Jade has been in a relationship with Han Geng, a Chinese actor, singer and former member of the South Korean boy band Super Junior.


title: Bhoothnath

text: Bhoothnath () is a 2008 Indian Hindi-language supernatural comedy film written and directed by Vivek Sharma, starring Amitabh Bachchan, Juhi Chawla, Aman Siddiqui, Priyanshu Chatterjee and Rajpal Yadav and features Shah Rukh Khan in a cameo appearance. The film is an adaptation of Oscar Wilde's 1887 short story "The Canterville Ghost".


title: Bhoothnath

text: "Bhoothnath" was released on 9 May 2008, receiving positive reviews from critics. It was well received by audiences and popular among children, becoming a success at the box office. The performances of the main cast were praised by critics and audiences alike. A sequel titled "Bhoothnath Returns", written and directed by Nitesh Tiwari, was released on 11 April 2014; it shares a remote connection with the original.


title: Bhoothnath

text: One windy night, a young couple sneaks into the Nath Villa, a huge bungalow in Goa, only to discover that a ghost haunts the house, causing them to flee. Aditya, an engineer working on a cruise line, moves into the villa for a year along with his wife Anjali and his son Banku. The next day he bids them a brief farewell. Some more days later, one night, Banku encounters the ghost whose name is Kailash Nath. Little Banku, who is told by his mother that ghosts don't exist but angels do, considers him to be one and also nicknames him Bhoothnath. Things become comical when Banku displays no fear of him despite various attempts by Bhoothnath to scare him off and drive him out of the house. Instead the latter keeps getting pranked on by the kid and it becomes a playful fight between the two. One day, Bhoothnath tries to scare Banku again while he is on the edge of the stairs, but it instead results in startling him and causing him to fall down and sustain a head injury, much to his shock. Anjali rushes him to the hospital and Bhoothnath follows. Banku is saved, relieving both. A tearful Bhoothnath apologizes to Banku and the two become best friends. Some weeks later, Bhoothnath's son Vijay Nath returns from the United States to sell off the house. This angers the ghost as he doesn't want his home to be demolished and scares off the buyers. Banku tries to calm him down and requests him to appear before his mother. He does so, and reveals his story.


title: Bhoothnath

text: Years ago, Kailash had a happy family with his wife Nirmala, his son Vijay and his grandson Vibhu. Some time later, Vijay moved to the US for higher studies and later settled there, to the dismay of his parents. His mother yearned for him to visit her but he hardly contacted them. Kailash was disappointed when he arrived on the day of Nirmala's funeral and then tried to sell off the house. He turned down the buyers, angering Vijay's wife. Vijay requested his father to move with them to America, saying that nothing is left for them in the house but Kailash, who was (and still is) emotionally attached to the house, declined the offer. The next day, Vijay left with his family to the airport all the while Kailash desperately trying to convince him not to leave but he didn't listen. While on the way to follow him out of the house, Kailash tripped down the stairs. Even then he ran after Vijay to stop him but he ignored him and left. Devastated, he walked back inside the house to see his own lifeless body lying on the bottom of the stairs.


title: Bhoothnath

text: Aditya and Anjali decide to perform Bhoothnath's final rites to give him salvation. But Banku is only told that they are "celebrating his birthday" as the kid is too young to understand the meaning of the ceremony. Aditya meets Vijay and confronts him. Guilt-ridden, Vijay arrives during the ceremony and apologizes for his mistakes and tells the family that they can live permanently in the house. Bhoothnath forgives his son and is freed. Banku, seeing a tearful Bhoothnath disappear, is distraught. The next day he is leaving for school, missing the ghost, when the two are happily reunited as Bhoothnath appears again, though he requests Banku and the viewers to hide it.


title: Bhoothnath

text: The film received generally positive response from critics. , the film holds a 60% approval rating on "Rotten Tomatoes", based on five reviews with an average rating of 6.25/10. At the box office, the film had a slow opening, though it managed to gross among its theatrical run and was declared a semi-hit by "Box Office India."


title: Bhoothnath

text: As the film finished with a "to-be-continued" ending, a sequel to "Bhoothnath" was expected, but there was no clear intention. Bachchan and the original production team announced a sequel, titled "Bhoothnath Returns", which was co-written and directed by Nitesh Tiwari, and released on 11 April 2014. Bachchan and Khan reprised their roles, though the latter only had a cameo appearance as himself.


title: Greg Anthony

text: Gregory Carlton Anthony (born November 15, 1967) is an American former professional basketball player who is a television analyst for NBA TV and Turner Sports. He played 11 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Anthony also contributes to Yahoo! Sports as a college basketball analyst and serves as a co-host/analyst on SiriusXM NBA Radio. His son, Cole Anthony, plays for the Orlando Magic.


title: Greg Anthony

text: Born and raised in Las Vegas, Nevada, Anthony aspired to enter politics. He wanted to become Nevada's first black Senator. A graduate of Rancho High School in North Las Vegas, Nevada, Anthony played his freshman year of college basketball for the University of Portland where he was the WCC Freshman of the Year before transferring to the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. In his junior season with UNLV, the Runnin' Rebels won the 1990 NCAA Championship game over Duke with Anthony starting at point guard, as UNLV blew out the Blue Devils and Christian Laettner by 30 points. He played almost the entire season with a broken jaw. He was a three-time All Big West performer and 3rd Team All America his senior season. This talented team was coached by Jerry Tarkanian and also included future NBA players Stacey Augmon and Larry Johnson. In March 2011, HBO premiered a documentary entitled "Runnin' Rebels of UNLV".


title: Greg Anthony

text: During summer breaks, Anthony worked at the World Economic Summit and on Capitol Hill as an intern to for Rep. Barbara Vucanovich. He also started a T-shirt and silkscreening business, Two-Hype, while attending UNLV. His entrepreneurial endeavor was the reason why he relinquished his athletic scholarship. Anthony made enough money selling T-shirts that he was able to pay for his own tuition.


title: Greg Anthony

text: Anthony was drafted by the New York Knicks in the first round of the 1991 NBA Draft, with the reputation of being a poor outside shooter but an excellent defender. He served as a point guard and defensive specialist, and typified the hard-nosed defensive reputation of Pat Riley's Knicks. On May 24, 1994, Anthony scored 16 points off the bench during a 100-89 Eastern Conference Finals Game 1 win over the Indiana Pacers. The Knicks would ultimately beat the Pacers to advance to the 1994 NBA Finals, but lose to the Houston Rockets in a hard-fought seven game series.


title: Greg Anthony

text: In 1995, Anthony was drafted in the expansion draft as the 1st pick (2nd overall) by the Vancouver Grizzlies, where he would be the full-time starter at point guard for two seasons. On January 5, 1996, Anthony scored a career-high 32 points during a 103-102 overtime win against the 76ers. After experiencing a journeyman end to his career, in which he played mostly off the bench for Seattle, Portland, Chicago and Milwaukee, he retired in 2002.


title: Greg Anthony

text: On December 13, 2008, Anthony made his debut as a college basketball analyst for CBS Sports, replacing Clark Kellogg, who was promoted to lead commentator.


title: Greg Anthony

text: Anthony agreed to be a color commentator for the YES Network covering the Brooklyn Nets for the 2012–2013 season alongside Ian Eagle, Mike Fratello, and Jim Spanarkel.


title: Greg Anthony

text: In 2014, Anthony and Kellogg swapped their respective roles at CBS Sports, with Anthony moving to the broadcast booth as a lead commentator and Kellogg returning to his previous role as a studio analyst.