title: Cult of the Lamb

text: If the player refuses, a final battle ensues between The Lamb and The One Who Waits’s followers, Baal and Aym. Once the followers are defeated, The One Who Waits attempts to kill The Lamb himself. After the first defeat, The One Who Waits taunts The Lamb and transforms while pulling The Lamb into a hellscape, attempting to kill them in front of their followers a second time. If The Lamb defeats The One Who Waits again, it is stripped of its powers and transforms into a follower-like creature named Narinder. Narinder then admits defeat and begrudges The Lamb, and the player is given the option to spare Narinder or murder him. If the player chooses to kill Narinder, Narinder claims that The Lamb is no different than he was before he is subsequently killed. However, if the player chooses to spare Narinder, Narinder can be indoctrinated into the cult as an immortal follower, and insults The Lamb for being weak. Either option results in The Lamb's followers being rescued and The Lamb returning to their cult, and the game ends.


title: Cult of the Lamb

text: "Cult of the Lamb" is developed by Massive Monster, an Australian independent game development studio that has also created "The Adventure Pals", "Never Give Up, and Unicycle Giraffe". Additional funding for development was provided through VicScreen's Victorian Production Fund. "Cult of the Lamb" was officially announced at Gamescom in August 2021 and was released on 11 August 2022.


title: Cult of the Lamb

text: "Cult of the Lamb" received "generally favourable" reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic. "GameSpot" praised the combat, calling it "fast-paced, fluid and fun" while also being surprised by the amount of customization and player-choice which in turns makes the game "very replayable". "Nintendo Life" liked the variety present in the dungeon crawling, writing, "New layouts and equipment loadouts keep every run unique, while its intense and chaotic battles demand your full attention". "Destructoid" felt the game tutorialized its mechanics properly, "Again, for all of the elements that come into play, Cult of the Lamb presents everything in a digestible way". "PC Gamer" compared the game to the "Animal Crossing" series, saying it's like "if Tom Nook craved power instead of money", and enjoyed the ways in which the player could manage their cult, writing that it could be complicated, "but it never threatens to be overwhelming". "IGN" praised the way it balanced macabre themes with "cutesy cartoon vibes".


title: Cult of the Lamb

text: While enjoying the premise, "Game Informer" criticized how difficult it was to find time to customize the cult, "with so many cosmetic items thrown into the formula, I was disappointed by how rarely I was afforded the time to focus on them". "The Washington Post" disliked the combat, feeling that it often devolved into a jumbled mess, "the game's 2.5D perspective would make it difficult to gauge where you are even if you weren’t constantly sliding all over the battlefield". "Polygon" liked the characters that the player could find in dungeons, saying that they were "genuinely interesting, with their backstories mostly obfuscated and enhanced by their charming picture book-esque designs". "Eurogamer" praised the art style of the game, noting that it looked like "the best New Yorker cartoon".


title: Roseville, California

text: Roseville is the most populous city in Placer County, California, located within the Sacramento metropolitan area. As of 2019, the US Census Bureau estimated the city's population to be 141,500. Interstate 80 runs through Roseville and State Route 65 runs through part of the northern edge of the city.


title: Roseville, California

text: The settlement was originally a stage coach station called Griders. According to the Roseville Historical Society, in 1864 the Central Pacific Railroad tracks were constructed northeastward from Sacramento. The point where the tracks met the California Central Railroad line was named "Junction". Junction eventually became known as Roseville. In 1909, three years after the Southern Pacific Railroad moved its facilities from Rocklin to Roseville, the town became an incorporated city. What followed was a period of expansion, with the community building more than 100 structures, including what was the largest ice manufacturing plant in the world (Pacific Fruit Express building, in 1913).


title: Roseville, California

text: The city was a railroad town for decades, with the railroad employing up to 1,225 people by 1929, out of a population of only 6,425 people. With the onset of World War II, the rail yards became busier than ever and the post-war building boom brought continued prosperity. However, the nature of the city changed dramatically in the 1950s.


title: Roseville, California

text: During the 1950s the railroad continued to expand and upgrade, converting its steam engine fleet to all diesel engines by the end of the decade. However, the railroads began falling in the shadow of air travel and the development of the national Interstate Highway System. Thus, although the railroad remained (and still remains) a major employer, the expansion of the city began branching out into other employment sectors. Another important change during this period was the Washington Boulevard (then called Seawell) railroad underpass construction in 1950. While this improved the ability of people to travel from one side of the tracks to the other, it meant that people were no longer traveling through the Roseville business district north of the tracks. The completion of Interstate 80 in 1956 shifted the population from downtown to what would become known as East Roseville. The old downtown area slid into a gradual decline.


title: Roseville, California

text: The Roseville Yard of the Southern Pacific (now Union Pacific) was the site of a major explosion and fire on April 28, 1973.


title: Roseville, California

text: The city saw steady population growth throughout the ensuing decades, as shopping centers, major retailers, and homes were constructed throughout the city. The growth rate was modest until 1985. Between 1929 when the population was 6,425 people and 1985, the population grew by only 22,563 people. In 1985 the population stood at 28,988 people. Five years later it was 44,685 people, and by 2000 it was 74,234 people. Some of this growth was fueled by the location of major employers, such as Hewlett Packard (in 1979) and NEC (in 1983). The population as of 2014 was 126,956 people.


title: Roseville, California

text: In 1988, the city embarked on a multi-million dollar plan to redevelop approximately of land in the downtown core, and revitalize historic areas that had been in decline. Projects included the Vernon Streetscape Project, Atlantic Street Beautification, Civic Plaza Complex, Downtown Vernon Street and Historic Old Town, Historic Old Town Streetscape project, Riverside Avenue Streetscape project, Oak Street Improvement Project, and Washington Boulevard pedestrian underpass. A new parking garage opened in 2007, the Roseville Arts! Blueline Gallery opened in 2008, a new Civic Center opened in 2013, and the Vernon Street Town Square now features a small raised stage, a water spray for children, and a venue for community events.


title: Roseville, California

text: According to the Roseville Civic Center, the city has a total area of , of which is land and , comprising 0.00%, is water. Several streams flow through Roseville, including Dry Creek, Linda Creek, Secret Ravine and Cirby Creek.


title: Roseville, California

text: Roseville has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate that is characterized by cool, wet, usually snowless winters and hot, dry summers (Köppen "Csa"). The wet season is generally October through April. Because Roseville is east of Sacramento and at a higher elevation, it receives slightly more rainfall. Average daily high temperatures range from in January to in July. Daily low temperatures range from in winter to in summer.


title: Roseville, California

text: The 2010 United States Census reported that Roseville had a population of 118,788. The population density was . The racial makeup of Roseville was 94,199 (79.3%) White, 2,329 (2.0%) African American, 885 (0.7%) Native American, 10,026 (8.4%) Asian (3.1% Filipino, 2.0% Indian, 1.0% Chinese, 0.6% Japanese, 0.6% Vietnamese, 0.5% Korean, 0.8% Other), 346 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 5,087 (4.3%) from other races, and 5,916 (5.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17,359 persons (14.6%).


title: Roseville, California

text: The Census reported that 117,941 people (99.3% of the population) lived in households, 478 (0.4%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 369 (0.3%) were institutionalized.


title: Roseville, California

text: There were 45,059 households, out of which 16,885 (37.5%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 24,050 (53.4%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 4,901 (10.9%) had a female householder with no husband present, 2,088 (4.6%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 2,518 (5.6%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 286 (0.6%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 11,042 households (24.5%) were made up of individuals, and 4,502 (10.0%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62. There were 31,039 families (68.9% of all households); the average family size was 3.14.


title: Roseville, California

text: The age distribution of the population shows 31,210 people (26.3%) under the age of 18, 9,397 people (7.9%) aged 18 to 24, 33,362 people (28.1%) aged 25 to 44, 28,952 people (24.4%) aged 45 to 64, and 15,867 people (13.4%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.4 males.


title: Roseville, California

text: There were 47,757 housing units at an average density of , of which 29,513 (65.5%) were owner-occupied, and 15,546 (34.5%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.8%. 79,887 people (67.3% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 38,054 people (32.0%) lived in rental housing units.


title: Roseville, California

text: As of 2005, there were 103,845 people, 42,538 households, and 21,855 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 31,925 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city in 2010 was 71.0% non-Hispanic White, 1.8% non-Hispanic African American, 0.5% Native American, 8.2% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 0.2% from other races, and 3.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14.6% of the population.


title: Roseville, California

text: There were 30,783 households, out of which 35.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.1% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.0% were non-families. 23.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.03.


title: Roseville, California

text: In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 26.8% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 30.8% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.8 males.


title: Roseville, California

text: According to a 2007 estimate, the median income for a household in the city was $68,273, and the median income for a family was $84,863 Males had a median income of $50,426 versus $35,494 for females. The per capita income for the city was $47,021. About 3.4% of families and 4.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.3% of those under age 18 and 4.1% of those age 65 or over.


title: Roseville, California

text: The city of Roseville has a variety of businesses. It has encouraged the addition of large retail centers, including one of the largest auto malls in the country, which contributes significantly to sales tax receipts at the city and county level. Revenue from sales tax has been a main reason why the city of Roseville has been able to keep up the city's infrastructure as the population has dramatically increased. This environment has produced a mix of housing, small and large employers, as well as shopping opportunities. A popular water park, Roseville Golfland SunSplash, is also located in Roseville.


title: Roseville, California

text: Shopping plays a vital role in the economy of Roseville, which has the thirteenth highest retail sales of all California cities. Roseville is considered a regional shopping destination, with the Westfield Galleria at Roseville being the main shopping center in the city and the second-largest shopping mall in Northern California. Westfield embarked on a expansion project costing $270 million, because of the revenue they acquire from this high-end mall.


title: Roseville, California

text: Across the street from the Galleria, Peter Bollinger Investment Company built a $70 million complex named "Fountains at Roseville". Fountains at Roseville is a retail center that includes recreation centers. The first phase opened to the public on June 30, 2008, and includes retailers Whole Foods Market, White House Black Market, and Sunglass Hut, as well as a vast variety of casual and fine dining options. Plans call for future construction of hotel, additional retail, and office buildings as well.


title: Roseville, California

text: In addition to the Galleria and Fountains at Roseville, the city has many shopping plazas surrounding the Galleria and the Douglas Boulevard financial corridor.


title: Roseville, California

text: Roseville is part of the Roseville City School District, Eureka Union School District, Dry Creek Joint Elementary School District, and Roseville Joint Union High School District.


title: Roseville, California

text: Extension campuses of Brandman University and Sierra College (called "Roseville Center") are located in Roseville.


title: Roseville, California

text: "Rocklin and Roseville Today" is a daily online newspaper. "The Roseville Press-Tribune" is a local weekly newspaper. Roseville High School's student-run news organization, Eye of the Tiger, publishes the bimonthly "Eye of the Tiger" newspaper and produces the biweekly "Eye of the Tiger News" broadcast. "The Sacramento Bee" is also distributed in Roseville. "Style Magazine", founded in 2003, is the area's largest circulation general interest, monthly magazine.


title: Roseville, California

text: Two highways run through the city: Interstate 80 and State Route 65 (the southern terminus of which connects to I-80).


title: Roseville, California

text: Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides service to Roseville at the Roseville Amtrak Station and is part of the Capitol Corridor.


title: Roseville, California

text: Roseville Transit is a public transit service overseen by the city of Roseville and operated by MV Transportation. The system provides a total of 12 regular local routes, as well as the Roseville Transit Dial-A-Ride (DAR) and Roseville Transit Commuter service. There are several stops where connections may be made with the Sacramento Regional Transit line and Placer County Transit.


title: Roseville, California

text: Placer County Transit connects Roseville with the Watt/I-80 RT light rail station, as well as the cities of Auburn, Lincoln, Rocklin, and other cities along the Interstate 80 corridor. The Placer Commuter Express service to Sacramento also serves the Taylor Rd. park and ride lot.


title: Roseville, California

text: The City of Roseville provides electric, water, wastewater, and solid waste services to most areas. In February 2020, 75 project customers, including Roseville, received permanent federal water contracts for the Central Valley Project.


title: Roseville, California

text: Pacific Gas and Electric provides natural gas service. Internet, cable, and/or telephone companies that service the Roseville area include AT&T, Comcast, and Consolidated Communications.


title: Roseville, California

text: Major healthcare providers in the city include Sutter Roseville and Kaiser Permanente. There are multiple smaller clinics located near or around the city. UC Davis Medical Center is also located in nearby Sacramento.


title: Roseville, California

text: The Roseville Fire Department provides fire protection and emergency medical services. The department is responsible for an area of housing a population of 118,788 .


title: Roseville, California

text: On April 28, 1973, 18 boxcars loaded with bombs en route to the Concord Naval Weapons Station began detonating in the Southern Pacific Railroad yard after one of the cars caught fire. More than 6,000 bombs detonated, injuring more than 350 people. The explosions caused damage to 5,500 buildings up to away. The cause of the initial car fire has never been determined. In the late 1990s, development in the area by the Union Pacific Railroad uncovered more unexploded ordnance, which was eventually removed.


title: Roseville, California

text: On October 21, 2010, a young man entered the GameStop store inside Westfield Galleria at Roseville "speaking incoherently" and claiming to have a handgun. The man ordered the employees and customers to vacate the store and proceeded to set fire to the merchandise in the store room. As police and fire crews converged on the scene, the suspect barricaded himself outside the store and began setting other fires. After breaching the barricade, several police officers led the suspect out in handcuffs shortly after 1:00 PM. The mall was evacuated, along with police and fire crews, during the incident due to concerns of a possible incendiary or explosive device in a backpack left behind by the suspect. Due to the wait for the bomb squad, the fire spread and consumed large areas of the ceiling duct work and roof. The suspect, identified as Alexander Piggee, had also set a fire in a local Walmart garden department earlier in the day. He was sentenced to 180 months in prison followed by 72 months surveillance on August 2, 2011, after a guilty plea. The affected wing of Westfield Galleria at Roseville was closed until October 6, 2011, while repairs were made to approximately 40 stores and expansions built.


title: Roseville, California

text: In CNN Money's "Best Places to Live" study in 2008, Roseville was ranked 90th in the Top 100, "America's best small cities in the country".


title: Compassion fatigue

text: Compassion fatigue is a condition characterized by emotional and physical exhaustion leading to a diminished ability to empathize or feel compassion for others, often described as the negative cost of caring. It is sometimes referred to as secondary traumatic stress (STS). According to the Professional Quality of Life Scale, burnout and STS are interwoven elements of compassion fatigue.


title: Compassion fatigue

text: Compassion fatigue is considered to be the result of working directly with victims of disasters, trauma, or illness, especially in the health care industry. Individuals working in other helping professions are also at risk for experiencing compassion fatigue. These include child protection workers, veterinarians, clergy, teachers, social workers, palliative care workers, journalists, police officers, firefighters, animal welfare workers, public librarians, health unit coordinators, and student affairs professionals. Non-professionals, such as family members and other informal caregivers of people who have a chronic illness, may also experience compassion fatigue. The term was first coined in 1992 by Carla Joinson to describe the negative impact hospital nurses were experiencing as a result of their repeated, daily exposure to patient emergencies.


title: Compassion fatigue

text: People who experience compassion fatigue may exhibit a variety of symptoms including lowered concentration, numbness or feelings of helplessness, irritability, lack of self-satisfaction, withdrawal, aches and pains, or work absenteeism.


title: Compassion fatigue

text: Journalism analysts argue that news media have caused widespread compassion fatigue in society by saturating newspapers and news shows with decontextualized images and stories of tragedy and suffering. This has caused the public to become desensitized or resistant to helping people who are suffering. Over a quarter of Americans have even changed where they get their news from due to compassion fatigue.


title: Compassion fatigue

text: Compassion fatigue has been studied by the field of traumatology, where it has been called the "cost of caring" for people facing emotional pain.


title: Compassion fatigue

text: Compassion fatigue has also been called secondary victimization, secondary traumatic stress, vicarious traumatization, and secondary survivor. Other related conditions are rape-related family crisis and "proximity" effects on female partners of war veterans. Compassion fatigue has been called a form of burnout in some literature. However, unlike compassion fatigue, “burnout” is related to chronic tedium in careers and the workplace, rather than exposure to specific kinds of client problems such as trauma. fMRI-rt research suggests the idea of compassion without engaging in real-life trauma is not exhausting itself. According to these, when empathy was analyzed with compassion through neuroimaging, empathy showed brain region activations were previously identified to be related to pain whereas compassion showed warped neural activations.


title: Compassion fatigue

text: There is some recent academic literature suggesting that compassion fatigue is a misnomer and should be replaced with the term empathy fatigue. Evidence supporting this change comes from burgeoning literature examining the neurophysiology of empathy versus compassion meditation practices. Empathy can be defined as attempting to feel and understand ( or in other words attempt to experience) what another feels. This can result in cumulative negative effects over time that come from the accretion of the assumption of others' painful emotions and experiences. Compassion relates to a feeling of caring, loving, and having a desire to improve others. It requires awareness of others' feelings and emotions, as well as desiring for the subject to be free of suffering. Studies of training of compassion practices among health care providers has demonstrated positive effects compared to empathy practices which do not improve provider functioning.


title: Compassion fatigue

text: In academic literature, the more technical term "secondary traumatic stress disorder" may be used. The term "compassion fatigue" is to some extent regarded as euphemistic. Compassion fatigue also carries sociological connotations, especially when used to analyze behavior in response to media coverage of disasters. Measures of compassion fatigue include the ProQOL (or Professional Quality of Life Scale), Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale, Compassion Fatigue Self Test for Helpers, and the Compassion Fatigue Scale—Revised.


title: Compassion fatigue

text: There are four key attributes to an individual being at risk for compassion fatigue; these include diminished endurance and/or energy, declined empathic ability, helplessness and/or hopelessness, as well as emotional exhaustion can suffer from secondary traumatic stress. In addition, previous histories of trauma that led to negative coping skills, such as bottling up or avoiding emotions, having small support systems, increase the risk for developing STS.


title: Compassion fatigue

text: Many organizational attributes in the fields where STS is most common, such as the healthcare field, contribute to compassion fatigue among the workers. For example, a “culture of silence” where stressful events such as deaths in an intensive-care unit are not discussed after the event is linked to compassion fatigue. Lack of awareness of symptoms and poor training in the risks associated with high-stress jobs can also contribute to high rates of STS.


title: Compassion fatigue

text: Compassion fatigue increases in intensity with increased interactions among the needy. Because of this, people living in urban cities are more likely to experience compassion fatigue. People in large cities interact with more people in general, and because of this, they become desensitized towards people's problems. Homeless people often make their way to larger cities. Ordinary people often become indifferent to homelessness when they see it regularly.


title: Compassion fatigue

text: Recent studies reveal that the "overall compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction levels were moderate, thus highlighting the potential risk of compassion fatigue for family caregivers", indicating that primary family caregivers of patients could also experience compassion fatigue or STS.


title: Compassion fatigue

text: Between 16% and 85% of health care workers in various fields develop compassion fatigue. In one study, 86% of emergency room nurses met the criteria for compassion fatigue. In another study, more than 25% of ambulance paramedics were identified as having severe ranges of post-traumatic symptoms. In addition, 34% of hospice nurses in another study met the criteria for secondary traumatic stress/compassion fatigue.


title: Compassion fatigue

text: There is a strong relationship between work-related stress and compassion fatigue which include factors such as: attitude to life, work-related stress, how one works, amount of time working at a single occupation, type of work, and gender all play a role


title: Compassion fatigue

text: Compassion fatigue is the emotional and physical distress caused by treating and helping patients that are deeply in need. This can desensitize healthcare professionals to others' needs, causing them to develop a lack of empathy for future patients. There are three important components of Compassion Fatigue: Compassion satisfaction, secondary stress, and burnout. It is important to note that burnout is not the same as Compassion Fatigue; Burnout is the stress and mental exhaustion caused by the inability to cope with the environment and continuous physical and mental demands.


title: Compassion fatigue

text: Healthcare professionals experiencing compassion fatigue may find it difficult to continue doing their jobs. While many believe that these diagnoses affect workers who have been practicing in the field the longest, the opposite proves true. Young physicians and nurses are at an increased risk for both burnout and compassion fatigue. A study published in the Western Journal of Emergency Medicine revealed that medical residents who work overnight shifts or work more than eighty hours a week are at higher risk of developing Compassion Fatigue. Burnout was another major contributor to these professionals who had a higher risk of suffering from Compassion Fatigue. Burnout is a prevalent and critical contemporary problem that can be categorized as suffering from emotional exhaustion, de-personalization, and a low sense of personal accomplishment. They can be exposed to trauma while trying to deal with compassion fatigue, potentially pushing them out of their career field. If they decide to stay, it can negatively affect the therapeutic relationship they have with patients because it depends on forming an empathetic, trusting relationship that could be difficult to make amid compassion fatigue. Because of this, healthcare institutions are placing increased importance on supporting their employee's emotional needs so they can better care for patients.


title: Compassion fatigue

text: Studies compiled in 2018 by Zang et al. indicate that the level of education one obtains in the field of healthcare has an effect on levels of burnout, compassion satisfaction, and compassion fatigue. Studies show, it is indicated that those with higher levels of education in their respective field will experience lower rates of burnout and compassion fatigue, while also having increased levels of compassion satisfaction.


title: Compassion fatigue

text: Another name and concept directly tied to compassion fatigue is moral injury. Moral injury in the context of healthcare was directly named in the "Stat News" article by Drs. Wendy Dean and Simon Talbot, entitled "Physicians aren’t ‘burning out.’ They're suffering from moral injury." The article and concept go on to explain that physicians (in the United States) are caught in double and triple and quadruple binds between their obligations of electronic health records, their student loans, the requirements for patient load through the hospital, and procedures performed – all while working towards the goal of trying to provide the best care and healing to patients possible. However, the systemic issues facing physicians often cause deep distress because the patients are suffering despite the physician's best efforts. This concept of moral injury in healthcare is the expansion of the discussion around compassion fatigue and burnout.


title: Compassion fatigue

text: Caregivers for dependent people can also experience compassion fatigue, which can become a cause of abusive behavior in caring professions. It results from the taxing nature of showing compassion for someone whose suffering is continuous and unresolvable. One may still care for the person as required by policy, however, the natural human desire to help them is significantly diminished, causing desensitization and lack of enthusiasm for patient care. This phenomenon also occurs among professionals involved in long-term health care, and for those who have institutionalized family members. These people may develop symptoms of depression, stress, and trauma. Those who are primary care providers for patients with terminal illnesses are at a higher risk of developing these symptoms. In the medical profession, this is often described as "burnout": the more specific terms secondary traumatic stress and vicarious trauma are also used.


title: Compassion fatigue

text: Many that work in fields that require great amounts of empathy and compassion are exposed to these stressful experiences in their day-today work activities. These fields mentioned include: social workers, psychologists, oncologists, pediatrics, HIV/AIDs workers, EMS, law enforcement, and of course, and general healthcare workers like nurses, etc. Social workers are one group that can experience compassion fatigue or STS from experiencing a singular trauma or it can be from traumatic experiences building up over the years. This can also occur because of a connection with a client and a shared similar traumatic experience. Overall, healthcare professionals in general are finding that they are burnt out with the price of empathy and compassion, otherwise known as, Compassion Fatigue. Most often describe feelings of “running on empty”. The importance of the contribution of education and recognition cannot be negated in its import  of counter of compassion fatigue. Other evidences support theories that meditation and reflection techniques such as Mindful-Based Stress Reduction Training and Compassion Cultivation Training, along with the support of administrators helps to fight and reduce STS


title: Compassion fatigue

text: Critical care personnel have the highest reported rates of burnout, a syndrome associated with progression to compassion fatigue. These providers witness high rates of patient disease and death, leaving them to question whether their work is truly meaningful. Additionally, top-tier providers are expected to know an increasing amount of medical information along with experienced high ethical dilemmas/medical demands. This has created a workload-reward imbalance—or decreased compassion satisfaction. Compassion satisfaction relates to the “positive payment” that comes from caring. With little compassion satisfaction, both critical care physicians and nurses have reported the above examples as leading factors for developing burnout and compassion fatigue. Those caring for people who have experienced trauma can experience a change in how they view the world; they see it more negatively. It can negatively affect the worker's sense of self, safety, and control. In ICU personnel, burnout and compassion fatigue has been associated with decreased quality of care and patient satisfaction, as well as increased medical errors, infection rates, and death rates, making this issue one of concern not only for providers but patients. These outcomes also impact organization finances. According to the Institute of Medicine, preventable adverse drug events or harmful medication errors (associated with compassion fatigue/burnout) occur in 1% to 10% of hospital admissions and account for a $3.5 billion cost.


title: Compassion fatigue

text: There are a total of four factors that are used to describe the underlying reasons for burnout, STS, and compassion fatigue: depressive mood, primary traumatic stress symptoms, responses to their patients' trauma, and sleep disturbances.


title: Compassion fatigue

text: Those with a better ability to empathize and be compassionate are at a higher risk of developing compassion fatigue. Because of that, healthcare professionals—especially those who work in critical care—who are regularly exposed to death, trauma, high stress environments, long work days, difficult patients, pressure from a patient's family, and conflicts with other staff members- are at higher risk. These exposures increase the risk for developing compassion fatigue and burnout, which often makes it hard for professionals to stay in the healthcare career field. Those who stay in the healthcare field after developing compassion fatigue or burnout are likely to experience a lack of energy, difficulty concentrating, unwanted images or thoughts, insomnia, stress, desensitization and irritability. As a result, these healthcare professionals may later develop substance abuse, depression, or commit suicide. A 2018 study that examined differences in compassion fatigue in nurses based on their substance use found significant increases for those who used cigarettes, sleeping pills, energy drinks, antidepressants, and anti-anxiety drugs. Unfortunately, despite recent, targeted efforts being made to reduce burnout, it appears that the problem is increasing. In 2011, a study conducted by the Department of Medicine Program on Physician Well-Being at Mayo Clinic reported that 45% of physicians in the United States had one or more symptoms of burnout. In 2014, that number had increased to 54%.


title: Compassion fatigue

text: In response to the changing landscape of post-secondary institutions, sometimes as a result of having a more diverse and marginalized student population, both campus services and the roles of student affairs professionals have evolved. These changes are efforts to manage the increases in traumatic events and crises.


title: Compassion fatigue

text: Due to the exposure to student crises and traumatic events, student affairs professionals, as front line workers, are at risk for developing compassion fatigue. Such crises may include sexual violence, suicidal ideation, severe mental health episodes, and hate crimes/discrimination.


title: Compassion fatigue

text: Some research shows that almost half of all university staff named psychological distress as a factor contributing to overall occupational stress. This group also demonstrated emotional exhaustion, job dissatisfaction, and intention to quit their jobs within the next year, symptoms associated with compassion fatigue.


title: Compassion fatigue

text: Student affairs professionals who are more emotionally connected to the students with whom they work and who display an internal locus of control are found to be more likely to develop compassion fatigue as compared to individuals who have an external locus of control and are able to maintain boundaries between themselves and those with whom they work.


title: Compassion fatigue

text: Burnout and compassion fatigue can occur in the profession of law; it may occur because of "a discrepancy between expectations and outcomes," or thinking one may have a larger task to achieve than provided resources and support.


title: Compassion fatigue

text: Recent research shows that a growing number of attorneys who work with victims of trauma are exhibiting a high rate of compassion fatigue symptoms. In fact, lawyers are four times more likely to suffer from depression than the general public. They also have a higher rate of suicide and substance abuse. Most attorneys, when asked, stated that their formal education lacked adequate training in dealing with trauma. Besides working directly with trauma victims, one of the main reasons attorneys can develop compassion fatigue is because of the demanding case loads, and long hours that are typical to this profession.


title: Compassion fatigue

text: In an effort to prepare and combat compassion fatigue, especially within healthcare professions, many have been implementing resiliency training, educating workers in coping during stressful situations, being aware and conscious in their duties, working with integrity, creating a support system that includes individuals and resources that can provide understanding and are sensitive to the risks of compassion fatigue, and finally workers are learning how to decompress and destress, utilizing self-care, are all components.


title: Compassion fatigue

text: Stress reduction and anxiety management practices have been shown to be effective in preventing and treating STS. Taking a break from work, participating in breathing exercises, exercising, and other recreational activities all help reduce the stress associated with STS. There is evidence that journaling and meditation can also mediate the effects of STS. Conceptualizing one's own ability with self-integration from a theoretical and practice perspective helps to combat criticized or devalued phase of STS. In addition, establishing clear professional boundaries and accepting the fact that successful outcomes are not always achievable can limit the effects of STS.


title: Compassion fatigue

text: Social support and emotional support can help practitioners maintain a balance in their worldview. Maintaining a diverse network of social support, from colleagues to pets, promotes a positive psychological state and can protect against STS. Some problems with compassion fatigue stem from a lack of fundamental communication skills; counseling and additional support can be beneficial to practitioners struggling with STS.


title: Compassion fatigue

text: In order to be the best benefit for clients, practitioners must maintain a state of psychological well-being. Unaddressed compassion fatigue may decrease a practitioners ability to effectively help their clients. Some counselors who use self-compassion as part of their self-care regime have had higher instances of psychological functioning. The counselors use of self-compassion may lessen experiences of vicarious trauma that the counselor might experience through hearing clients stories. Self-compassion as a self-care method is beneficial for both clients and counselors.


title: Compassion fatigue

text: Self-awareness as a method of self-care might help to alleviate the impact of vicarious trauma (compassion fatigue). Students who took a 15-week course that emphasized stress reduction techniques and the use of mindfulness in clinical practice had significant improvements in therapeutic relationships and counseling skills. The practice of mindfulness, according to Buddhist tradition is to release a person from “suffering” and to also come to a state of consciousness of and relationship to other people's suffering. Mindfulness utilizes the path to consciousness through the deliberate practice of engaging “the body, feelings, states of mind, and experiential phenomena (dharma).” The following therapeutic interventions may be used as mindfulness self-care practices:


title: Compassion fatigue

text: Compassion fatigue is defined as “the physical and mental exhaustion and emotional withdrawal experienced by those who care for sick or traumatized people over an extended period of time”. Compassion fatigue usually occurs with those whom we "know"; whether that is because of a personal relationship or professional relationship. Compassion fade is defined as terminology to describe the way in which an individual’s compassion and empathy are reduced due to the amount or intricacy of the issue. This also includes when the need and tragedy in of the world goes up and the amount of desire to help goes down (similar to a see-saw). For example, an individual is more likely to donate more money, time, or other types of assistance to a single person suffering, than to disaster aid or when the population suffering is larger. It is a type of cognitive bias that helps people make their decision to help.


title: Wars (series)

text: The Wars series, also known as and is a series of military-themed turn-based strategy video games, usually developed by Intelligent Systems and published by Nintendo. The series debuted in Japan in August of 1988 with the original "Famicom Wars", followed by sequels on the Super Famicom and Game Boy. These early installments were released exclusively in Japan, with "Advance Wars" (2001) being the first to reach the North American and European markets. "Advance Wars" was released in the United States on September 10, 2001, but put on hold in Japan and Europe due to the September 11 attacks. Although released in Europe in January 2002, neither Game Boy Advance game was released in Japan until the "Game Boy Wars Advance 1+2" compilation, which released for the Game Boy Advance on November 25, 2004. The success of "Advance Wars" in the West is frequently credited as a driving force for Nintendo bringing another Intelligent Systems franchise, "Fire Emblem", outside of Japan, as both series share a similar tactical gameplay style.


title: Wars (series)

text: In 2005, "" was released on the Nintendo DS family of systems, which followed and expanded on the basic format of its predecessors. That same year "Battalion Wars", developed by Kuju Entertainment, was released for the GameCube in Japan under the title "Totsugeki!! Famicom Wars", where it is considered a spin-off from the main series. "Battalion Wars" is a 3D action real-time strategy game, as opposed to the turn-based strategy of the main series. An expanded sequel for the Wii, "Battalion Wars 2" was released two years later. The last major title in the franchise, "", was released internationally for the DS in 2008 and notably departed from the series's lighthearted tone. Like the two Game Boy Advance titles preceding it, the game was canceled in Japan following a series of delays until it finally released as a downloadable game in 2013. At E3 2021, over a decade after the release of "Days of Ruin", a collection of remakes of both "Advance Wars" games, titled "", was announced for the Nintendo Switch, with a planned release date of early 2022. A release date of 8 April 2022 was later announced, however on 9 March 2022 it was announced that due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine the game was being delayed until further notice. These remakes were developed in collaboration with WayForward Technologies.


title: Wars (series)

text: The player takes the role of a Commanding Officer (CO) in an army, usually of a country called Red Star (changed to Orange Star following international releases). In the most recent title, , it is replaced by a nation called Rubinelle (Laurentia in the European release). In the single-player campaign of the "Advance Wars" games, each level consists of a new map and opposing CO to defeat. Victory is achieved when all the opponent's units have been destroyed, their HQ is captured, or another victory condition has been met. COs take turns recruiting and commanding units on grid-based maps. Units available include infantry, tanks, artillery, bombers, and many other military units. Each turn, a unit may move around and/or perform an action, such as attacking or capturing a property. Certain actions, such as capturing, diving, or loading may only be performed at certain instances throughout the game.


title: Wars (series)

text: The original "Famicom Wars" game consists of two armies, Red Star (which became Orange Star in later international versions, possibly to avoid associations with Communism) and Blue Moon fighting over square grid-based maps. The two armies could either be controlled by human players, or a human player could play against an AI opponent. The original "Game Boy Wars" games featured a system similar to "Famicom Wars", except the grid was changed so that the grid squares acted more like hexagons; each square is adjacent to six other squares, instead of four. "Game Boy Wars" also features a different opposing army called White Moon. Otherwise, the rules remain identical, and only in "Game Boy Wars 3" were unit levels and a new resource introduced. "Super Famicom Wars", the sequel to "Famicom Wars", introduced Yellow Comet and Green Earth, bringing the number of armies playable at once to four. It returned to the basic square grid-based map style of the original game.


title: Wars (series)

text: The "Advance Wars" games introduced several new elements. The most notable is that COs now have special abilities called CO Powers that can affect the battle in different ways, giving the CO a temporary advantage over the other COs, such as providing allied units with increased firepower or causing damage to opposing units. "Black Hole Rising" introduced , and "Dual Strike" introduced . Conditions such as fog of war, rain, and snow affect the abilities of units to reveal the map and move around. "Days of Ruin" removed many of the features added to previous "Advance Wars" games, greatly weakening CO Powers and reintroducing a unit level system.


title: Wars (series)

text: Multiplayer mode is an important part of the "Nintendo Wars" series. This allows players to compete against friends, each choosing a Commanding Officer to play and country to represent. The "Advance Wars" series of games, along with the far lesser known "Game Boy Wars 3", include map editors, giving them increased replayability. In the original "Famicom Wars", two players were allowed to play; in "Game Boy Wars", players could play hotseat multiplayer games. Currently the only release to lack hotseat multiplayer is "Game Boy Wars Turbo". The "Advance Wars" series on the Game Boy Advance allowed link-play using link cables. Online multiplayer was originally planned for "Dual Strike", but was only later implemented in "Days of Ruin".


title: Wars (series)

text: "Battalion Wars 2" introduced online multiplayer over the Wii's Wi-Fi connection. The game had 3 modes and 16 maps to play on. The multiplayer section was well-received but was criticized for not supporting voice chat.


title: Kate DiCamillo

text: Katrina Elizabeth DiCamillo (born March 25, 1964) is an American children's fiction author. She has published over 25 novels, including "Because of Winn-Dixie", "The Tiger Rising", "The Tale of Despereaux", "The Miraculous Journey of Edward Tulane", "The Magician's Elephant", the "Mercy Watson" series, and "Flora & Ulysses". Her books have sold around 37 million copies. Four have been developed into films and two have been adapted into musical settings. Her works have won various awards; "The Tale of Despereaux" and "Flora & Ulysses" won the Newbery Medal, making DiCamillo one of six authors to have won two Newbery Medals.


title: Kate DiCamillo

text: Born in Philadelphia, DiCamillo moved to Clermont, Florida, as a child, where she grew up. She earned an English degree from the University of Florida, Gainesville, and spent several years working entry-level jobs in Clermont before moving to Minneapolis, Minnesota, in 1994. In Minnesota, DiCamillo worked in a book warehouse and attempted to get a book published. Her first book to be accepted for publication was "Because of Winn-Dixie", which was critically and commercially successful. DiCamillo then left her job to become a full-time author.


title: Kate DiCamillo

text: From 2014 to 2015 DiCamillo was the American National Ambassador for Young People's Literature. She lives in Minneapolis and continues to write. Her most recent novel, "The Beatryce Prophecy", was published in 2021.


title: Kate DiCamillo

text: Katrina Elizabeth DiCamillo was born on March 25, 1964, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Betty Lee DiCamillo (), a teacher, and Adolph Louis DiCamillo, an orthodontist. DiCamillo has an older brother and pet dogs. She had chronic pneumonia as a child and was often hospitalized. In hopes of helping her sickness, the family moved to the warmer climate of Clermont, Florida, when Kate was five. Her father remained in Philadelphia with his business, but visited on occasion. Although he originally planned to move with the family after selling his practice, this never happened. DiCamillo was an avid reader as a child and often visited the local library. She later credited her mother for sparking her love for books. DiCamillo also often turned to reading when she was particularly sick with pneumonia and unable to do much else. She wanted to be a veterinarian until she was around ten.


title: Kate DiCamillo

text: She was educated at public schools in the area beginning with Clermont Elementary, before entering Rollins College. DiCamillo left Rollins and worked for a time at Walt Disney World before briefly attending the University of Central Florida. She eventually entered the University of Florida, Gainesville, and graduated with a bachelor's degree in English in 1987.


title: Kate DiCamillo

text: DiCamillo then worked various entry-level jobs in Clermont, including at Circus World, Walt Disney World, a campground and in a greenhouse. She said of her life during this time that she thought she was a talented writer and expected it to be quickly recognized so she "sat around for the next seven or eight years". DiCamillo moved to Minneapolis in 1994, following a close friend, and after several jobs was hired to work in The Bookman, a book warehouse and distributor, as a picker, eventually in the children's book section, a placement that she was initially disappointed over. While working in the department, DiCamillo discovered "The Watsons Go to Birmingham – 1963", a children's novel she greatly admired.


title: Kate DiCamillo

text: She began writing regularly while working in the book warehouse, waking up at before her shifts on weekdays to write. After four years in Minnesota, DiCamillo met the author Louise Erdrich, who offered her encouragement. DiCamillo submitted her books to several publishers. She received in return 473 rejection letters. She was also encouraged by the author Jane Resh Thomas. By the turn of the 21st century, despite her efforts, DiCamillo had only several short stories aimed at adults that had been published in magazines.


title: Kate DiCamillo

text: DiCamillo had published 25 books as of 2018. As of 2021, almost 37 million copies of her books were in print. In 2019 she was described as "Minnesota's most successful writer" in "Mpls St Paul Magazine". The success of her books was described in 2006 by a Candlewick Press representative as a "cornerstone" of the publisher's success.


title: Kate DiCamillo

text: DiCamillo's first book to be accepted for publication was "Because of Winn-Dixie" by Candlewick Press, a story about a girl who finds a stray dog and takes it home. A 1998 McKnight Fellowship grant allowed her to focus more on writing. She conceived the book's plot during the winter of her first year living in Minnesota, when she was missing her Florida home and upset about her apartment's no-dog policy. DiCamillo gave her draft to a Candlewick sales agent who was at a Christmas party held by The Bookman. The book was initially given to an editor who left the company on maternity leave and was lost in a pile of other manuscripts. It was rediscovered when the employee's office was cleaned out. She was offered and signed a contract. After a rewrite, the book was published in 2000. Flo Davis, the wife of a founder of the Winn-Dixie supermarket chain, sponsored DiCamillo to visit various schools in Florida and widen the book's reach. It was a quick commercial and critical success. Afterwards, DiCamillo left her job to focus on writing full-time. She told the "Chicago Tribune" in 2004 that she forced herself to write two pages every day, which took her on average from thirty minutes to an hour. In 2017, DiCamillo estimated that she spent about 12–15 hours a week writing and 35 to 40 reading, mainly adult fiction. She often traveled to talk about her writing. During the COVID-19 pandemic, DiCamillo reported that she wrote every morning for 100 days.


title: Kate DiCamillo

text: "Because of Winn-Dixie" success marked the beginning of DiCamillo's writing career. It won the 2000 Josette Frank Award and a Newbery Honor. Her second book, "The Tiger Rising", was published the following year. It was also well received by critics, who noted stylistic differences between it and "Because of Winn-Dixie." DiCamillo won the Newbery Medal in 2004 for her third work "The Tale of Despereaux." She wrote the book upon the request of the child of one of her friends for a story with "an unlikely hero". DiCamillo said she was shocked by the news of the Newbery. DiCamillo said that her 2006 work "The Miraculous Journey of Edward Tulane", which is about a china rabbit, was very easy to write.


title: Kate DiCamillo

text: The Mercy Watson series, which features a pig as its main character, began with "Mercy Watson Goes for a Ride" (2006) and ended with "Mercy Watson: Something Wonky This Way Comes" (2009). DiCamillo's 2010 novel "Bink & Gollie", co-written with Alison McGhee and illustrated by Tony Fucile won the 2011 Theodor Seuss Geisel Medal. Her 2013 novel "Flora & Ulysses" was partially inspired by an injured squirrel she saw. It won the Newbery Medal in 2014, making her one of six writers to win two Newberys since the award was created in 1920.


title: Kate DiCamillo

text: In 2014 DiCamillo was named the fourth National Ambassador for Young People's Literature, a post she held from January 2014 to December 2015. Upon taking that role, she utilized the theme "Stories Connect Us". In both the summers of 2015 and 2016 DiCamillo led the Collaborative Summer Library Program's summer reading campaign as the summer reading champion.


title: Kate DiCamillo

text: Her 2016 book "Raymie Nightingale", about three young girls competing in a competition who end as friends, did not feel complete, and two years later DiCamillo wrote a sequel, "Louisiana's Way Home". In 2019 she published "Beverly, Right Here", completing a trilogy. In "The New York Times" the author Kimberly Brubaker Bradley wrote that "Beverly, Right Here" "may be her [DiCamillo's] finest [novel] yet". In 2019 she received the Regina Medal in recognition of her writing. DiCamillo's 2019 picture book "La La La" uses just one word: "la". The governor of Minnesota, Tim Walz, named March 29, 2020, Kate DiCamillo Day. DiCamillo's most recent novel to be published, "The Beatryce Prophecy", was begun in 2009, rediscovered in 2018 and published in September 2021.


title: Kate DiCamillo

text: DiCamillo's books have been adapted into films and theatrical productions. "Because of Winn-Dixie" became a 2005 film by the same name. "The Tale of Despereaux" was developed into a 2008 film. Netflix began producing a film based on "The Magician's Elephant" in December 2020. Walt Disney Pictures released the film "Flora & Ulysses" on February 19, 2021, as a streaming video. The film "The Tiger Rising" was released in January 2022.


title: Kate DiCamillo

text: DiCamillo helped write the "Because of Winn-Dixie" screenplay and did some early consulting on "The Tale of Despereaux", but was comparatively less involved. She has stated that she enjoyed both adaptations. She has a cameo in "Flora & Ulysses".


title: Kate DiCamillo

text: In 2017 the Minnesota Opera announced that it was going to adapt "The Miraculous Journey of Edward Tulane" into an opera. "The Magician's Elephant" was adapted into a musical that was premiered in Stratford-upon-Avon by the Royal Shakespeare Company in October 2021. The Minnesota Opera canceled its scheduled opening and had not rescheduled it as of September 2021 but the Royal Society Shakespeare Company had scheduled a re-opening for October 14.


title: Kate DiCamillo

text: DiCamillo's style is often similar to children's literature from the Victorian or Edwardian eras. Homesickness and hope are frequent themes. Many of the books follow someone who is alone and has to survive on their own, undergoing suffering and loneliness, commonly the absence or loss of parents. The author Julie Schumacher said that "a sense of abandonment [...] pervades everything she [DiCamillo] has written." Other themes in DiCamillo's novels include love, salvation, emotional change, and "senseless cruelty", according to the "New York Times". According to the "Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry", DiCamillo's works often begin with young protagonists who are "puzzled, wanting, and waiting" but conclude that they must handle matters on their own.


title: Kate DiCamillo

text: A "New York Times" article noted that she has written stories in many different genres. She told the National Endowment for the Arts that her books were "the same story, over and over in many ways" with the same themes repeating. DiCamillo has said that she doesn't know how to "develop a character" but she discovers them "and follow[s] their story." DiCamillo's fiction is influenced by her experiences growing up; for instance, many of her realistic fiction novels take place in north and central Florida and include dialogue common to the Southern United States. She told the "Orlando Sentinel" that she tries to leave room for the reader to read between the lines, saying that she has tried to emulate E. B. White: "He's using the same words we're all using. It must be that stripped-away quality, his heart is resting more on each word, and that's what I'm always trying to do." Her novels often include "distinct scenes that are lightly connected".


title: Kate DiCamillo

text: According to DiCamillo, "The Miraculous Journey of Edward Tulane" wrote itself, while many of her other works go through eight to nine drafts. She usually only writes one book at a time. However, she told "The Horn Book Magazine" in 2015 that she "juggled" various works, for instance writing a draft of a more serious novel and then switching to a shorter, less serious work. She has said that when writing books for children she tries to be direct and "not to condescend to them". In a 2018 article in "Time", DiCamillo argued that children's books should be "a little bit sad". She told another interviewer that "the kid in me has never gone away" and when she writes for children rather than adults the main thing she changes is to be more hopeful. Many of her books have animals as the main character, something DiCamillo has described as ironic, because as a child she avoided such books.


title: Kate DiCamillo

text: In 2020 the author Ann Patchett published an essay in "The New York Times" describing reading DiCamillo's work as an adult and recommending that others read them too, describing her work as a whole as "sui generis, each one extraordinary".


title: Lower Egypt

text: Lower Egypt ( ""; ) is the northernmost region of Egypt, which consists of the fertile Nile Delta between Upper Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea, from El Aiyat, south of modern-day Cairo, and Dahshur. Historically, the Nile River split into seven branches of the delta in Lower Egypt.


title: Lower Egypt

text: Lower Egypt was divided into nomes and began to advance as a civilization after 3600 BC. Today, it contains two major channels that flow through the delta of the Nile River – Mahmoudiyah Canal (ancient Agathos Daimon) and Muways Canal (, "waterway of Moses").


title: Lower Egypt

text: In Ancient Egyptian, Lower Egypt was as "mḥw" and means ""north"". Later on, during Antiquity and the Middle Ages, Greeks and Romans called it "Κάτω Αἴγυπτος" or "Aegyptus Inferior" both meaning "Lower Egypt", but Copts carried on using the old name related to the north – "Tsakhet" () or "Psanemhit" () meaning the "Northern part". It was further divided into number of regions or nomes () – "Niphaiat" (, ) in the west, "Tiarabia" () in the east, "Nimeshshoti" () in the north-east and "Bashmur" (Bashmuric ) in the north. Champollion adds another region in the middle of the Delta which he calls "Petmour" () based on mentioned by Stephanus of Byzantium, but it's unclear if it's a separate region or just a Greek rendering of the name Bashmur.


title: Lower Egypt

text: After the Muslim conquest, the middle part of the Delta was called al-Rif () which means "countryside, rural area" and which is derived from Ancient Egyptian


title: Lower Egypt

text: "r-pr", "temple", because the rural areas were administered by them. The eastern part roughly comprising the ancient Tiarabia was called al-Hawf () meaning "edge, fringe".


title: Lower Egypt

text: In ancient times, Pliny the Elder, in "Natural History" (Book 5, chapter 11), said that upon reaching the delta the Nile split into seven branches (from east to west): the Pelusiac, the Tanitic, the Mendesian, the Phatnitic, the Sebennytic, the Bolbitine, and the Canopic. Today, there are two principal channels that the Nile takes through the river delta: one in the west at Rashid and one in the east at Damietta.


title: Lower Egypt

text: Owing primarily to its proximity to the Mediterranean Sea, the climate in Lower Egypt is milder than that of Upper Egypt, the southern portion of the country. Temperatures are less extreme and rainfall is more abundant in Lower Egypt.


title: Lower Egypt

text: It was divided into twenty districts called nomes, the first of which was at el-Lisht. Because Lower Egypt was mostly undeveloped scrubland, filled with all types of plant life such as grasses and herbs, the organization of the "nomes" underwent several changes.


title: Lower Egypt

text: The capital of Lower Egypt was Memphis. Its patron goddess was the goddess Wadjet, depicted as a cobra. Lower Egypt was represented by the Red Crown "Deshret", and its symbols were the papyrus and the bee. After unification, the patron deities of both Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt were represented together as the "Two Ladies", Wadjet and Nekhbet (depicted as a vulture), to protect all of the ancient Egyptians.


title: Lower Egypt

text: By approximately 3600 BC, Neolithic Egyptian societies along the Nile River had based their culture on the raising of crops and the domestication of animals. Shortly after 3600 BC, Egyptian society began to grow and advance rapidly toward refined civilization. A new and distinctive pottery, which was related to the pottery in the Southern Levant, appeared during this time. Extensive use of copper became common during this time. The Mesopotamian process of sun-dried bricks, and architectural building principles—including the use of the arch and recessed walls for decorative effect—became popular during this time.


title: Lower Egypt

text: Concurrent with these cultural advances, a process of unification of the societies and towns of the upper Nile River, or Upper Egypt, occurred. At the same time, the societies of the Nile Delta, or Lower Egypt also underwent a unification process. Warfare between Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt occurred often. During his reign in Upper Egypt, King Narmer defeated his enemies in the Delta and merged the kingdoms of Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt under his single rule.


title: Lower Egypt

text: The Palermo stone, a royal annal written in the mid Fifth Dynasty (c. 2490 BC – c. 2350 BC) records a number of kings reigning over Lower Egypt before Narmer. These are completely unattested outside these inscriptions:


title: Lower Egypt

text: In contrast, the following kings are attested through archeological finds from Sinai and Lower Egypt: Double Falcon, Crocodile.


title: The Wolf and the Lion (film)

text: The Wolf and the Lion () is a 2021 family film directed by Gilles de Maistre who also wrote the script with his wife Prune de Maistre. The film stars Molly Kunz as Alma, who returns to her late grandfather's cabin and finds herself taking care of a wolf pup and a lion cub who grow up together as brothers. The film premiered on 25 September 2021 at the Zurich Film Festival where it won best children's film. It went on to wide release on 13 October 2021. The film received generally negative reviews from critics.


title: The Wolf and the Lion (film)

text: After losing her grandfather, Alma Deranquel returns to her childhood home in the Canadian wilderness. In the forest, she comes across the wreckage of a plane that had been destined for a circus with a lion cub poached from its mother in Africa. The cub falls into her hands when a bald eagle knocks it out of the nest it fell into during the crash. So, she decides not to hand it over to the forest rangers because her grandfather campaigned against the mistreatment of animals in circuses. At the same time, a female wolf who had somewhat befriended Alma's grandfather—perhaps because his cabin was built over the site of the old wolf den where she, herself, was born and raised—comes to find refuge in Alma's house, with her pup, when she is pursued by two scientists. The lion cub and the wolf pup live like brothers; they play together and both are kept well-fed thanks to the she-wolf.


title: The Wolf and the Lion (film)

text: But, while Alma is off on a 2-day trip involving a classical music audition for the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra, the wolf mother disappears. It turns out that she was hit by a tranquilizer dart fired by one of the two scientists. Both of them wishing to transfer her to a breeding facility for the (fictional) endangered wolf species Canis lupus nyx. This leaves Alma the only one available to raise and protect the cubs while the three of them live in peace for a year or two. During that time, she names the wolf pup Mozart and the lion cub "Dreamer" (in apparent reference to the Ozzy Osbourne song). After Alma has an accident, her Native Canadian godfather Joe must notify the authorities in order to save her, despite the fact that this separates the trio.


title: The Wolf and the Lion (film)

text: Mozart is reunited with his mother at the rescue facility, where the two zoologists hope he'll breed with the available younger females as soon as possible. Meanwhile, the lion trainer of the circus who bought Dreamer begins showing his classical music-loving son Raphael how to show a lion who is "boss". The brutal methods demonstrated (off-camera) visibly horrifying the boy. In the meantime, Alma has left the hospital where she had been recovering from a concussion. And, with Joe's help, she begins tracking down which particular circus bought Dreamer, as the local forest ranger in charge is also Joe's bitter ex-girlfriend, making her doubly uncooperative.


title: The Wolf and the Lion (film)

text: The circus in question eventually passes by the wolf breeding facility, allowing Mozart to catch his foster brother's scent. Mozart therefore escapes that very night by digging a tunnel under the mesh-wire fence. Upon discovering this, Eli (the senior zoologist) has to apologize to Alma for their earlier misunderstandings in order to get her help in tracking down Mozart. By which point, Mozart has miraculously liberated Dreamer, allowing the two of them to head back towards Alma's island. Unfortunately, their journey does not go unnoticed and the police soon receive multiple phone calls about the two "dangerous" animals.


title: The Wolf and the Lion (film)

text: With Rapha's help, Alma and Eli track down Mozart and Dreamer not far from the child-sized log cabin where Alma used to play as a little girl. Rapha's father tries to take Dreamer back at gunpoint, but, Rapha manages to dissuade him just before a police SWAT team arrives on the scene. Alma takes Mozart and Dreamer through a secret tunnel from the play house to a certain hollow tree. From there, she and Mozart swim to the island without Dreamer, who wanders off to divert the SWAT team's attention. Tense moments later, however, it is revealed that Dreamer managed to outwit his hunters.


title: The Wolf and the Lion (film)

text: The movie ends with Alma performing an outdoor concert for the benefit of abused captive wild animals while Mozart and Dreamer play together in the nearby woods. A perfect visual example of both mutual inter-species tolerance and, ironically, what can happen when mankind forces two geographically separated species together by taking them out of their rightful natural environments in the first place.


title: The Wolf and the Lion (film)

text: Gilles de Maistre said that during the filming of "Mia and the White Lion" he had a discussion with wolf trainer Andrew Simpson and lion trainer Kevin Richardson that gave him the idea for the film. He then wrote a script with his wife Prune de Maistre. Paddington (the wolf) and Walter (the lion) were raised together from the age of 5 weeks. Only a few people, including Molly Kunz could approach them; the film crew and the other actors were behind cages. The production adapted to its star animals, which resulted in 16 script revisions. After filming, Paddington and Walter continue to live together in Canada on Andrew Simpson's reservation.


title: The Wolf and the Lion (film)

text: "The Wolf and the Lion" premiered at the Zurich Film Festival on 25 September 2021, and the wide release began on 13 October 2021. Blue Fox Entertainment obtained the US distribution rights, where it was released on 4 February 2022.


title: The Wolf and the Lion (film)

text: The film holds a 29% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes from 21 reviews, with an average rating of 5/10. The film has received praise for the picturesque scenery and the scenes involving the animals,director of photography Serge Desrosiers, but beyond that, it has faced criticism of its feature-length runtime and the aspects of the film that involve the plot and human actors. In his review for the "Austin Chronicle", Richard Whittaker enjoyed the sweet return of the recently absent animal-adventure film genre, but he felt the production sent mixed messages about wild animal relationships amongst each other and with humans. For the "Los Angeles Times", Kimber Myers called the film "laughably bad", and summed up the general sentiment writing, ""The Wolf and the Lion" does have impressive scenes of these two animals, first as aww-inducing babies and then as awe-inspiring adults, all shot in the impossibly beautiful Canadian forest. However, it’s strung together with an implausible script, odd framing and nonsensical editing."


title: María Sabina

text: María Sabina Magdalena García (22 July 1894 – 22 November 1985) was a Mazatec "curandera", shaman and poet who lived in Huautla de Jiménez, a town in the Sierra Mazateca area of the Mexican state of Oaxaca in southern Mexico. Her healing sacred mushroom ceremonies, called "veladas", were based on the use of psilocybin mushrooms, particularly "Psilocybe caerulescens", a sacred mushroom important to the Mazatecs. María Sabina's veladas contributed to the popularization of indigenous Mexican ritual use of entheogenic mushrooms among westerners, though this was not her intent.


title: María Sabina

text: María Sabina was born outside of Huautla de Jiménez in the Sierra Mazateca toward the end of the 19th century. Though Sabina herself was not sure, she believed her birth year was 1894. Her parents were both "campesinos"; her mother was María Concepción, while her father, Crisanto Feliciano, died from an illness when she was three years old. She had a younger sister, María Ana. Her grandfather and great-grandfather on her father's side were shamans as well, skilled in using the mushrooms to communicate with God, according to their beliefs. After the death of her father, her mother moved the family into town, and Sabina grew up in the house of her maternal grandparents.


title: María Sabina

text: María Sabina's interactions with the Western world, starting with R. Gordon Wasson, have been described, from an indigenous perspective, as "a story of extraction, cultural appropriation, bioprospecting, and colonization." María Sabina was the first contemporary Mexican "curandera" (also known as "sabia" i.e. "one who knows"), to allow Westerners to participate in the healing ritual known as the "velada". All participants in the ritual ingested psilocybin mushroom as a sacrament to open the gates of the mind. The "velada" is seen as a purification and a communion with the sacred.


title: María Sabina

text: In 1955, American ethnomycologist and banker R. Gordon Wasson, and his wife Valentina, a Russian pediatrician and scientist, as well as a passionate mycology enthusiast, visited María Sabina's hometown, where Gordon Wasson participated in a "velada" with her. Wasson was the first outsider to take part in the "velada", and to gain access to the ceremony (which was used to locate missing people and important items), Wasson lied and told her that he was worried about his son back home and wanted information about his whereabouts and well-being, later admitting that this was a deception. The Wassons collected spores of the fungus, which they identified as "Psilocybe mexicana", and took them to Paris. The fungus was cultivated in Europe and its primary psychoactive ingredient, psilocybin, was isolated in the laboratory by Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann in 1958.


title: María Sabina

text: Wasson wrote a book about his experience of the ritual in a 1957 "Life" magazine article, Seeking the Magic Mushroom; María Sabina's name and location were not revealed. However, as author Michael Pollan notes, "Wasson was halfhearted in his desire to protect María Sabina's identity" – Wasson later published 512 copies of his two-volume book called "Russia, Mushrooms and History", the second volume of which revealed her identity and location, an action which has been described as violating her consent and abusing her hospitality. The information was contained in an account of his and his wife's first "velada" with Aurelio Carreras, María Sabina's son-in-law, on 15 August 1953, two years before they consumed the mushrooms themselves.


title: María Sabina

text: Young people from the United States began seeking out María Sabina and the "magic" mushrooms as early as 1962, with numerous hippies, scientists, and other people visiting the remote isolated village of Huautla de Jimenez. Many 1960s celebrities, including Bob Dylan, John Lennon, and Keith Richards, were rumored to have visited María Sabina, but these claims cannot be substantiated as no photographic evidence or written reports of the visits by the rock stars themselves have ever been reported.


title: María Sabina

text: Their lack of respect for the sacred and traditional purposes caused María Sabina to remark: Before Wasson, nobody took "the children" simply to find God. They were always taken to cure the sick.


title: María Sabina

text: As the community was besieged by Westerners wanting to experience the mushroom-induced hallucinations, Sabina attracted attention from the Mexican police who believed her to be a drug dealer. The unwanted attention completely altered the social dynamics of the Mazatec community and threatened to terminate the Mazatec custom. The community blamed Sabina; consequently she was ostracized, her house was burned down, her son was murdered, and she was briefly jailed. Sabina later regretted having introduced Wasson to the practice, but Wasson contended that his only intention was to contribute to the sum of human knowledge, despite being funded by the CIA's mind control project MKUltra. The way that he is credited in modern history with "discovering" the power of the sacred mushrooms, has been described as a narrative which "mimic[s], in many ways, the colonialist language of "discovery"."


title: María Sabina

text: From 1967 to 1977 life returned to normal conditions for Huautla de Jimenez and the Mazatec after the Mexican Army blocked American, European and Mexican hippies or other unwanted visitors from entering on the only roads into the town. A few Federales also patrolled the town to evict undesirable foreign visitors.


title: María Sabina

text: Álvaro Estrada wrote a biography of María Sabina that was translated into English by Henry Munn. Sabina spoke only Mazatec and many of her supposed quotes in English are not verified. Munn, who had lived in Huautla de Jimenez and knew the Mazatec language, wrote two reports on sacred mushroom "veladas" and "curanderos": "The Mushrooms of Language" was about the traditional ceremonies of the typical curanderos in Huautla; the second was called "The Uniqueness of María Sabina". Another book on her song-poem chants was "María Sabina: Selections" by Jerome Rothenberg. "The Sacred Mushroom of Mexico", by Brian Akers, has excerpts from five Mexican authors translated from Spanish to English. "Los Hongos Alucinantes" (in Spanish) by Fernando Benitez dispels many rumors about her life.


title: María Sabina

text: The book "Sacred Mushroom Rituals: The Search for the Blood of Quetzalcoatl", by Tom Lane, has several chapters by the author on the experiences he, his wife, and a friend had at her home in a "velada" with María Sabina and her daughter Appolonia. The book reports on María's musical tonal songs, poetic expressions, ventriloquy, incantations and chanting during the "velada". The rituals before the ceremony and prayers for the participants are similar to those recorded by Wasson in his visits during the mid-1950s. After publishing his book on ethnomycology, "Russia, Mushrooms and History", Wasson wrote "María Sabina and her Mazatec Mushroom Velada" with George and Florence Cowan and Willard Rhodes, which included four cassette recordings and the musical score of Sabina's "veladas", with lyrics translated from Mazatec to Spanish to English. Henry Munn later translated these songs into English in Álvaro Estrada's book.


title: María Sabina

text: The entheogenic use of the sacred mushrooms "(hongos sagrados)" practiced by María Sabina had roots in Pre-Columbian Mexico. By her meeting R. Gordon Wasson and her "veladas" being recorded in the mid-1950s, these ancient Mazatec ceremonies and rituals entered Western knowledge systems, although they existed within Mazatec culture, intentionally hidden, for centuries. Similar ceremonies were recorded in the late Post-Classic Mesoamerican Mixtec codex "Yuta Tnoho" or "Vindobonensis Mexicanus I" (Latin), written in the 16th century, and in the Three Stelae of Xochimilco, but until Wasson met María Sabina in the early 1950s there was almost no proof that the sacred mushroom healing and divination ceremonies and rituals actually existed. Academics note that before Wasson's account, there was "little to no evidence" of the medicinal properties of the psilocybin mushrooms in western scientific literature, thus confirming the pivotal role that Sabina and the Mazatec community had in all Western uses of the mushrooms.


title: María Sabina

text: In 1958, the French mycologist Roger Heim brought psilocybin tablets to María Sabina and the first "velada" using the active principle of the mushrooms rather than the raw mushrooms themselves took place.


title: María Sabina

text: In 1962, R. Gordon Wasson and Albert Hofmann went to Mexico to visit her. They also brought a bottle of psilocybin pills. Sandoz was marketing them under the brand name Indocybin—"indo" for both Indian and indole (the nucleus of their chemical structures) and "cybin" for the main molecular constituent, psilocybin. Hofmann gave his synthesized entheogen to the "curandera". "Of course, Wasson recalled, Albert Hofmann is so conservative he always gives too little a dose, and it didn't have any effect." Hofmann had a different interpretation: "activation of the pills, which must dissolve in the stomach, takes place after 30 to 45 minutes. In contrast, the mushrooms when chewed, work faster as the drug is absorbed immediately". To settle her doubts about the pills, more were distributed. María, her daughter, and the shaman, Don Aurelio, ingested up to 30 mg each, a moderately high dose by current standards but not perhaps by the more experienced practitioners. At dawn, their Mazatec interpreter reported that María Sabina felt there was little difference between the pills and the mushrooms. She thanked Hofmann for the bottle of pills, saying that she would now be able to serve people even when no mushrooms were available.


title: María Sabina

text: Chemical compounds derived from the Psilocybe mushrooms Sabina introduced to Wasson now form part of pharmaceutical products which are patented and now worth billions of dollars. However, Mazatec indigenous communities who are responsible for discovering and stewarding the medicinal properties of psilocybin mushrooms do not hold any of these patents, and as such do not benefit financially at all from their contribution. Ethical concerns have been raised about the way that the Mazatec's indigenous knowledge was commodified and profited from, without any acknowledgement, recognition or involvement of the indigenous roots of this knowledge, which came via Sabina.


title: María Sabina

text: Álvaro Estrada, a fellow Mazatec, recorded her life and work and translated her chants. Estrada's American brother-in-law, Henry Munn, translated many of the chants from Spanish to English, and wrote about the significance of her language. Munn wrote that María Sabina brilliantly used themes common to Mazatec and Mesoamerican spiritual traditions, but at the same time was "a unique talent, a masterful oral poet, and craftsperson with a profound literary and personal charisma". Mexican poet Homero Aridjis described her as "the greatest visionary poet in twentieth-century Latin America."


title: María Sabina

text: Sabina is regarded as a sacred figure in Huautla. At the same time, her image is used to market various local commercial ventures, from restaurants to taxi companies.


title: María Sabina

text: The Mexican counterculture has an affinity for Sabina. The Mexican rock group Santa Sabina is named after her, and El Tri, one of the first and most successful rock groups in Mexico, dedicated the song "María Sabina" to her, proclaiming her ""un símbolo de la sabiduría y el amor"" ("a symbol of wisdom and love").


title: María Sabina

text: Mexican musician, Jorge Reyes, included prerecorded chants of María Sabina in the track "The Goddess of the Eagles", in his album "Comala". Reyes also used more of the recording in his collaboration with Deep Forest on the track "Tres Marías", from the Album Comparsa.


title: María Sabina

text: Italian Photographer, Gusmano Cesaretti, published a book, "Maria Sabina: en busca del Cristo Negro", about his experience meeting Maria Sabina in 1982.


title: María Sabina

text: Mexican poet and novelist Homero Aridjis has written a novel, "Carne de Dios", about María Sabina, her life in Huautla and her experience with Westerners who flocked to her home to experience the hallucinogenic effects of the mushrooms. Aridjis brought María Sabina to Mexico City for medical treatment towards the end of her life. Huautla de Jimenez was without electricity and few signs of the 20th century until after María Sabina died in 1985. The Mazatec sacred mushroom "veladas" have survived into the 21st century and are now accepted by the Catholic Church there.


title: Love on the Brain

text: "Love on the Brain" is a song recorded by Barbadian singer Rihanna for her eighth studio album, "Anti" (2016). It was written by Joseph Angel and produced by Fred Ball, with additional writing by Rihanna. The song was sent to the US rhythmic contemporary and urban contemporary radio stations on 27 September 2016 as the album's fourth and final single. "Love on the Brain" is a doo-wop and soul ballad inspired by 1950s and 1960s music. Its instrumentation consists of a guitar arpeggio, swirling organ, a simple chord progression, syncopated strings, and orchestra. Lyrically, the song has themes of swinging back and forth between the highs and lows of toxic love.


title: Love on the Brain

text: "Love on the Brain" reached number one on the Polish Singles Chart, as well as the top-twenty in France and New Zealand, and top-forty in Austria, Canada, and Germany. The song reached number five on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 chart; it became Rihanna's 22nd top-five single breaking her tie with Elvis Presley as the artist with the 5th most top-five singles, and it was also her 30th top-ten single tying her with Madonna and The Beatles. It was certified 5× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Rihanna performed the track during her Anti World Tour, as well as at the 2016 "Billboard" Music Awards and the 2016 MTV Video Music Awards. "Love on the Brain" was covered by various artists including Kelly Clarkson, Ava Max, Little Mix and S'22kile from Idols SA season 17.


title: Love on the Brain

text: "Love on the Brain" was the first song commissioned for Rihanna's album "Anti". Written by Norwegian songwriter and producer Fred Ball and American songwriter Joseph Angel in late 2013, inspiration for the song came from Prince and Al Green. Ball recalled, "We wanted it to have that juxtaposition of an old school soul feel with modern lyrics. That's why Amy Winehouse was never pastiche or retro even though her music has an old soul sound." Ball also stated that they did not write the song with Rihanna in mind. However, his manager at Roc Nation, Jay Brown, heard the song and loved it. Brown sent it to Rihanna and she also reacted similarly, writing additional lyrics.


title: Love on the Brain

text: American producer Kuk Harrell handled the song's vocal production. Ball and Angel also supplied the song's keyboards and drums. "Love on the Brain" was recorded at Westlake Studios in Los Angeles. The vocal recording was carried out by Marcos Tovar for Allfadersup and Harrell. The song was finally mixed by Manny Marroquin at Larrabee Studios in North Hollywood, along with mixing assistants Chris Galland, Jeff Jackson and Ike Schultz, before being mastered by Chris Gehringer at Sterling Sound, in New York City.


title: Love on the Brain

text: "Love on the Brain" was first announced as a recorded track in 2015, and was to be debuted at the 2015 Brit Awards, however Rihanna allegedly pulled out. In early August 2016, Philadelphia radio personality Mike Adam stated that "Love on the Brain" would be the album's fourth single, later confirmed by Rihanna herself on 21 August 2016. It was sent to rhythmic contemporary and urban contemporary radios on 27 September, impacted contemporary hit radio on 11 October, and the hot adult contemporary stations on 14 November.


title: Love on the Brain

text: "Love on the Brain" is a mid-tempo '50s and '60s inspired doo-wop and soul ballad, with a "rock edge". Its instrumentation consists of a "guitar arpeggio," "swirling organ", a "simple chord progression", syncopated strings, and "a wave of an orchestra". Written in the key of G major, it has a tempo of 57 beats per minute in compound quadruple () time. The song follows a chord progression of G–Am–Em–D, and Rihanna's vocals span from D to G.


title: Love on the Brain

text: Rihanna's vocals were noted as being acrobatic ranging from her "trademark snarl", to high notes, complemented by all-tenor backing vocals. Forrest Wickman of "Slate" magazine commented that the song "seems designed as a showcase for Rihanna’s vocal versatility: She starts out singing high and sweet, then drops into her chest to show off the lower part of her range and finally gets into powerful belting. She even does a few seconds of what sounds like Frankie Valli's falsetto." Jordan Bassett of "NME" compared her high notes to those of Mariah Carey, while "Vibe" magazine and USA Today noted similarities with the work of Erykah Badu. Amy Winehouse, Etta James and Sam Cooke were also perceived as influences by critics, with "Michigan Daily" Christian Kennedy citing Winehouse's song "Wake Up Alone" as the song that Rihanna had borrowed from "stylistically."


title: Love on the Brain

text: "Love on the Brain" has dark lyrics that depict a destructive, yet addictive relationship, with themes of "swinging back and forth between the highs and lows of love". Some critics believed the song was an "ode to a violent lover", possibly referring to Chris Brown after the pair's highly published domestic violence case. Lyrical examples include "It beats me black and blue but it fucks me so good / That I can't get enough / Must be love on the brain." Adam R. Holz of the conservative organization Focus on the Family's website PluggedIn.com noted the song "mingles nihilism, lust and at least the metaphorical presence of physical abuse". Jessica Eggert of Mic agreed, noting that "Rihanna wears her heart right on her sleeve and takes no prisoners in expressing the pain of a metaphorically and physically damaging-yet-undying love."


title: Love on the Brain

text: "Love on the Brain" was highly acclaimed by music critics. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic picked it as a highlight from the album, noting that Rihanna's "voice is hoarse and ravaged, yet she's also controlled and precise, knowing how to hone these imperfections so her performance echoes classic soul while feeling fresh". Julianne Escobedo Shepherd of "Billboard" deemed it "a doo-wop powerhouse sung in a Prince-adjacent falsetto — and is proof Rihanna’s been working with some primo vocal coaches". Idolator's Bianca Gracie also complimented her vocals, writing that the "rough-edged, soulful ballad finds Rih at her vocal best". Patrick Ryan of "USA Today" called the song an "easy highlight," noting the "cozy doo-wop nostalgia". Emily Mackay of "NME" noted the doo-wop groove, deeming Rihanna's vocals a "powerhouse vocal performance". Jordan Bassett of the same publication called it "totally brilliant, with the singer showcasing the kind of vocals we’ve not heard from her before". Safy-Hallan Farah of "Spin" wrote favorably of her singing, while James Grabay of the same magazine named it an "effortlessly time-traveling track".


title: Love on the Brain

text: Chris Gerard of "PopMatters" noted the song was "one of the more interesting tracks on the album", addressing her "Macy Gray-like drawl during the verses". Corbin Reiff of "The A.V. Club" highlighted the track's "deep soulful tones" and felt her voice was "the undeniable focal point" of it. Nolan Feeney of "Time" declared that "Love on the Brain" and "Higher" "offer the most stirring vocal performances of her career". Jessica McKinney of "Vibe" agreed, calling the song a "soulful performance that showcases her own range". Neil McCormick of "The Daily Telegraph" wrote that "Love on the Brain" is a "standard, mid-tempo retro soul anthem" that "in the context of "Anti"...sounds like a work of pop genius". Calling it "hypnotic," Eric Renner Brown of "Entertainment Weekly" remarked that "she delivers some of her finest vocal moments yet". Sarah Rodman of "The Boston Globe" picked it as "essential", stating: "As she implores 'Don't you stop loving me,' her performance has a grit, sweat, and weariness to it that's unusual and humanizing."


title: Love on the Brain

text: Da'Shan Smith of "Billboard" stated "Love on the Brain" became the most subtly influential Pop single of 2017, as the music industry experienced "a prominent surge of retro-harkening balladry, across different musical genres", following the success of this song on Pop radio; which he described as "a rare find today, because traditional R&B’s presence on the format is an oddity." Marilyn Manson cited "Anti" as an influence on his band's album "Heaven Upside Down", saying "Strangely enough, one of the records that influenced this album strongly, and it can’t be taken literally, is Rihanna, her last record. That one song, ‘Love on the Brain’, it really hit me because I saw her perform it and she just... meant it." "Love On The Brain" received a nomination for Choice Music: Pop Song at the 2017 Teen Choice Awards.


title: Love on the Brain

text: Unusually for an established superstar, the song achieved sleeper success, attaining its peak position several months after its release. Following Rihanna's performance at the 2016 "Billboard" Music Awards, "Love on the Brain" debuted on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 at number 83, marking Rihanna's 55th entry on the chart. After being released as a single in November 2016, the song re-entered the Hot 100 at number 80. In its sixth week on the chart, the song rose to number 34, becoming Rihanna's third top-forty hit from "Anti", as well as her 46th top-forty entry on the Hot 100, placing her at number three on the list of women with most top-forty hits. Two weeks later, "Love on the Brain" reached number 20, becoming the third top-twenty single from "Anti", and Rihanna's forty-second top-twenty hit. In its eighteenth week, "Love on the Brain" climbed from number 13 to number eight and became her thirtieth top-ten single. With doing that, she broke a tie for third place with Michael Jackson, with whom, both had 29 top-ten singles. Rihanna became the artist with the third most top-ten singles in Hot 100 history, only behind Madonna (with 38), and The Beatles (with 34). It was also "the second-fastest accumulation of 30 Hot 100 top 10s", according to "Billboard" Gary Trust. In the issue dated 25 March 2017, the song climbed to number 5, becoming Rihanna's 22nd top five hit, leading her to break a tie for fifth place with Elvis Presley (who has 21 top-five hits).


title: Love on the Brain

text: In November 2016, "Love on the Brain" entered the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart at number 30. In the same week, the song was the most added track on contemporary hit radio, causing it to rise to number 24 on the "Billboard" Pop Songs chart; to date it has reached number 6 on both charts. In the week ending 22 January 2017, the song became her 28th top 10 single on Radio Songs, extending her record for the most top-ten singles on the chart. The song also became her twenty-eighth number-one on the US Dance Club Songs chart in the issue dated 21 January 2017; she remains in second place behind record holder Madonna, who has achieved forty-six. As of January 2021, "Love on the Brain" has accumulated over 792 million streams and 1,222,000 downloads in the United States.


title: Love on the Brain

text: In Canada, the song debuted on the Canadian Hot 100 at its peak of number 22 after being released as a single. In the week of 3 December 2016, it re-entered the top-forty at number 38. In New Zealand, "Love on the Brain" debuted at number 40 on the release of "Anti". It reached number 15 over the following weeks, becoming Rihanna's thirty-second solo top-twenty single. Similarly, in France, "Love on the Brain" charted after "Anti"s release at number 71. After its release, it re-entered at number 138. After weeks outside the top 100, the song reached a new peak of number 69 in the week of 13 January 2017. Three weeks later, the song managed to crack the top twenty, reaching number 12. It became "Anti" second top twenty hit. In Austria, the song debuted at number 53 and has peaked at number 7, while in Germany it debuted at number 100, and has reached a peak of number 21 to date, becoming the album's second highest-charting single. In Poland, "Love on the Brain" peaked at number one for four non-consecutive weeks in 2016.


title: Love on the Brain

text: Rihanna included "Love on the Brain" in the encore of her Anti World Tour. After attending the show at Wembley Stadium, Lewis Corner of "Digital Spy" called the performance "a triumph, as Rihanna's tone on the Motown sway is pure joy". Michael Cragg of "The Guardian" claimed that the performance was "delivered with such conviction it feels like you’re watching a different artist". On 22 May 2016, Rihanna performed the song at the 2016 Billboard Music Awards, with "Billboard" describing it as a "standout" of the event. Sarah Grant of "Rolling Stone" called it a "gut-wrenching solo performance," comparing her stage persona to that of Whitney Houston, due to the "storm of tour-de-force vocals".


title: Love on the Brain

text: On 28 August 2016, Rihanna received the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award at the 2016 MTV Video Music Awards. In honour, she performed a medley consisting of "Stay", "Diamonds" and "Love on the Brain". Christopher Rosa of "Glamour" called the performance "breath-taking", while "Billboard" noted: "Her vocals, which are sometimes under-appreciated by critics and even fans, were gorgeous and impressive, reminding everyone that beyond the chart-toppers and DGAF behavior, there's an astonishing voice that propelled her to where she is now".


title: Love on the Brain

text: On 19 May 2016, "Love on the Brain" was featured on the season 12 finale of long-running ABC medical drama "Grey's Anatomy". It charted at the top of the Top TV Songs Chart, powered by 40,000 Shazam tags. Furthermore, according to Nielsen Music, 45,000 downloads and 8.1 million US streams were made in the same month. American singer Kelly Clarkson performed the song during a Facebook live session on 26 August 2016. Danish singer MØ covered "Love on the Brain" on the BBC Radio 1Xtra's "Live Lounge" segment. British girl band Little Mix covered the song on iHeartRadio's "Honda Stage." British soap actress Jane Danson also performed to the song in February 2019 on ITV show "Dancing on Ice". This performance made the single re-enter the UK iTunes Chart at #45 later that evening. American rapper and singer Machine Gun Kelly covered the song in April 2020, during his "Lockdown Sessions", at Marilyn Manson's request, giving the song a pop punk vibe, with Kelly performing a guitar solo at the end of the track. The cover was later included as a bonus track on his fifth album, "Tickets to My Downfall". In May 2020, Devon Gilfillian released an Amazon Original Cover of the song available only on Amazon Music.


title: Magnetic storage

text: Magnetic storage or magnetic recording is the storage of data on a magnetized medium. Magnetic storage uses different patterns of magnetisation in a magnetizable material to store data and is a form of non-volatile memory. The information is accessed using one or more read/write heads.