title: Austin Osman Spare

text: In failing health, in May 1956 he was submitted to the South Western Hospital in Stockwell with a burst appendix; the doctor noted that he had also been suffering from anaemia, bronchitis, high blood pressure and gall stones. Spare died on the afternoon of 15 May 1956, at the age of 69. He was buried alongside his father at St. Mary's Church in Ilford.


title: Austin Osman Spare

text: Spare's work is remarkable for its variety, including paintings, a vast number of drawings, work with pastel, a few etchings, published books combining text with imagery, and even bizarre bookplates. He was productive from his earliest years until his death. According to Haydn Mackay, "rhythmic ornament grew from his hand seemingly without conscious effort."


title: Austin Osman Spare

text: Spare was regarded as an artist of considerable talent and good prospects, but his style was apparently controversial. Critical reaction to his work in period ranged from baffled but impressed, to patronizing and dismissive. An anonymous review of "The Book of Satyrs" published in December 1909, which must have appeared around the time of Spare's 23rd birthday, is by turns condescending and grudgingly respectful, "Mr. Spare's work is evidently that of young man of talent." However, "What is more important is the personality lying behind these various influences. And here we must credit Mr. Spare with a considerable fund of fancy and invention, although the activities of his mind still find vent through somewhat tortuous channels. Like most young men he seems to take himself somewhat too seriously". Our critic ends his review with the observation that Spare's "drawing is often more shapeless and confused than we trust it will be when he has assimilated better the excellent influences upon which he has formed his style."


title: Austin Osman Spare

text: Two years later another anonymous review (this time of "The Starlit Mire", for which Spare provided ten drawings) suggests, "When Mr. Spare was first heard of six or seven years ago he was hailed in some quarters as the new Beardsley, and as the work of a young man of seventeen his drawings had a certain amount of vigour and originality. But the years have not dealt kindly with Mr. Spare, and he must not be content with producing in his majority what passed muster in his nonage. However, his designs are not inappropriate for the crude paradoxes that form the text of this book. It is far easier to imitate an epigram than to invent one."


title: Austin Osman Spare

text: In a 1914 review of "The Book of Pleasure", the critic (again anonymous) seems resigned to bewilderment, "It is impossible for me to regard Mr. Spare's drawings otherwise than as diagrams of ideas which I have quite failed to unravel; I can only regret that a good draughtsman limits the scope of his appeal".


title: Austin Osman Spare

text: From October 1922 to July 1924 Spare edited, jointly with Clifford Bax, the quarterly, "Golden Hind" for Chapman and Hall publishers. This was a short-lived project, but during its brief career it reproduced impressive figure drawing and lithographs by Spare and others. In 1925 Spare, Alan Odle, John Austen, and Harry Clarke showed together at the St George's Gallery, and in 1930 at the Godfrey Philips Galleries. The 1930 show was the last West End show Spare would have for 17 years.


title: Austin Osman Spare

text: Thereafter Spare was rarely found in the purlieus of Bond St. He would teach a little from January to June, then up to the end of October, would finish various works, and from the beginning of November to Christmas would hang his products in the living-room, bedroom, and kitchen of his flat in the Borough. There he kept open house; critics and purchasers would go down, ring the bell, be admitted, and inspect the pictures, often in the company of some of the models - working women of the neighbourhood. Spare was convinced that there was a great potential demand for pictures at 2 or 3 guineas each, and condemned the practice of asking £20 for "amateurish stuff". He worked chiefly in pastel or pencil, drawing rapidly, often taking no more than two hours over a picture. He was especially interested in delineating the old, and had various models over 70 and one as old as 93.


title: Austin Osman Spare

text: But Spare did not entirely disappear. During the late 1930s he developed and exhibited a style of painting based on a logarithmic form of anamorphic projection which he called "siderealism". This work appears to have been well received. In 1947 he exhibited at the Archer Gallery, producing over 200 works for the show. It was a very successful show and led to something of a post-war renaissance of interest.


title: Austin Osman Spare

text: Public awareness of Spare seems to have declined somewhat in the 1960s before the slow but steady revival of interest in his work beginning in the mid-1970s. The following passage in a discussion of an exhibit including Spare's work in the summer of 1965 suggests some critics had hoped he would disappear into obscurity forever. The critic writes that the curator of the exhibit


title: Austin Osman Spare

text: has resurrected an unknown English artist named Austin Osman Spare, who imitates etchings in pen and ink in the manner of Beardsley but really harks back to the macabre German romanticism. He tortured himself before the first war and would have inspired the surrealist movement had he been discovered early enough. He has come back in time to play a belated part in the revival of taste for "art nouveau".


title: Austin Osman Spare

text: During his lifetime, Spare left critics unable to place his work comfortably. Ithell Colquhoun supported his claim to have been a proto-Surrealist and posthumously the critic Mario Amaya made the case for Spare as a Pop Artist. Typically, he was both of these - and neither. A superb figurative artist in the mystical tradition, Spare may be regarded as one of the last English Symbolists, following closely his great influence George Frederick Watts. The recurrent motifs of androgyny, death, masks, dreams, vampires, satyrs and religious themes, so typical of the art of the French and Belgian Symbolists, find full expression in Spare's early work, along with a desire to shock the bourgeois.


title: Austin Osman Spare

text: From his early years, Spare developed his own magico-religious philosophy which has come to be known as the Zos Kia Cultus (also Zos–Kia Cultus), a term coined by the occultist Kenneth Grant. Raised in the Anglican denomination of Christianity, Spare had come to denounce this monotheistic faith when he was seventeen, telling a reporter that "I am devising a religion of my own which embodies my conception of what; we are, we were, and shall be in the future."


title: Austin Osman Spare

text: Key to Spare's magico-religious views were the dual concepts of "Zos" and "Kia". Spare described ""Zos"" as the human body and mind, and would later adopt the term as a pseudonym for himself. Biographer Phil Baker believed that Spare derived the word from the Ancient Greek words "zoe", meaning life, and "zoion", meaning animal or beast, with Spare also being attracted to the exotic nature of the letter "z", which rarely appears in the English language. The author Alan Moore disagreed, believing that the term "ZOS" had instead been adopted by Spare to counterbalance his own initials, "AOS", in which the A would represent the beginning of the alphabet, and the Z would represent the end. In this way, Moore argued, Spare was offering an "ultimate and transcendent expression of himself at the extremities of his own being."


title: Austin Osman Spare

text: Spare used the term ""Kia"", which he pronounced "keah" or "keer", to refer to a universal mind or ultimate power, akin to the Hindu idea of Brahman or the Taoist idea of the Tao. Phil Baker believed that Spare had developed this word either from Eastern or Cabalistic words such as "ki", "chi", "khya" or "chiah". Alternately, he thought that it might have been adopted from Madame Blavatsky in her book "The Secret Doctrine", which refers to the idea of an ultimate power as "Kia-yu".


title: Austin Osman Spare

text: Spare placed great emphasis on the unconscious part of the mind, believing that it was the source of inspiration. He considered the conscious part of the mind to be useless for this, believing that it only served to reinforce the separation between ourselves and that which we desire.


title: Austin Osman Spare

text: It has been argued that Spare's magic depended (at least in part) upon psychological repression. According to one author, Spare's magical rationale was as follows, "If the psyche represses certain impulses, desires, fears, and so on, and these then have the power to become so effective that they can mold or even determine entirely the entire conscious personality of a person right down to the most subtle detail, this means nothing more than the fact that through repression ("forgetting") many impulses, desires, etc. have the ability to create a reality to which they are denied access as long as they are either kept alive in the conscious mind or recalled into it. Under certain conditions, that which is repressed can become even more powerful than that which is held in the conscious mind."


title: Austin Osman Spare

text: Spare believed that intentionally repressed material would become enormously effective in the same way that "unwanted" (since not consciously provoked) repressions and complexes have tremendous power over the person and his or her shaping of reality. It was a logical conclusion to view the subconscious mind as the source of all magical power, which Spare soon did. In his opinion, a magical desire cannot become truly effective until it has become an organic part of the subconscious mind.


title: Austin Osman Spare

text: Despite his interest in the unconscious, Spare was deeply critical of the ideas put forward by the psychoanalysts Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung, referring to them as "Fraud and Junk."


title: Austin Osman Spare

text: Spare also believed in what he called "atavistic resurgence", the idea that the human mind contains atavistic memories that have their origins in earlier species on the evolutionary ladder. In Spare's worldview, the "soul" was actually the continuing influence of "the ancestral animals" that humans had evolved from, that could be tapped into to gain insight and qualities from past incarnations. In many ways this theory offered a unison of reincarnation and evolution, both being factors which Spare saw intertwined which furthered evolutionary progression. For these reasons, he believed in the intimate unity between humans and other species in the animal world; this was visually reflected in his art through the iconography of the horned humanoid figures. Although this "atavistic resurgence" was very different from orthodox Darwinism, Spare greatly admired the evolutionary biologist Charles Darwin, and in later life paid a visit to the Kentish village of Downe, where Darwin had written his seminal text "On the Origin of Species" (1859).


title: Austin Osman Spare

text: Spare "elaborated his sigils by condensing letters of the alphabet into diagrammatic glyphs of desire, which were to be integrated into postural (yogalike) practices—monograms of thought, for the government of energy." Spare's work is contemporaneous with Hugo Ball's attempts "to rediscover the evangelical concept of the 'word' (logos) as a magical complex image"—as well as with Walter Benjamin's thesis that "Mediation, which is the immediacy of all mental communication, is the fundamental problem of linguistic theory, and if one chooses to call this immediacy magic, then the primary problem of language is its magic. Spare's 'sentient symbols' and his 'alphabet of desire' situate this mediatory magic in a libidinal framework of Tantric—which is to say cosmological—proportions." (An alphabet of desire modelled after Spare's ideas has since been developed by Peter J. Carroll amongst others, especially in his influential "Liber Null", a sourcebook of chaos magic.)


title: Austin Osman Spare

text: Following his experience with Aleister Crowley and other Thelemites, Spare developed a hostile view of ceremonial magic and many of those occultists who practised it, describing them as "the unemployed dandies of the Brothels" in "The Book of Pleasure".


title: Austin Osman Spare

text: Spare was often described as "down-to-earth" by friends, who often made note of his kindness. Throughout his life, Spare was an animal lover, taking care of any animals that he found near his home. He was a member of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA), and in many photographs can be seen wearing his RSPCA badge.


title: Austin Osman Spare

text: In 1964, the Greenwich Gallery held an exhibition of Spare's work accompanied by a catalogue essay by the Pop Artist Mario Amaya, who believed that Spare's artworks depicting celebrities, produced in the late 1930s and 1940s, represented "the first examples of Pop art in this country." Furthermore, he proclaimed that Spare's automatic drawings "predicted Abstract Expressionism long before the name of Jack [sic] Pollock was heard of in England." London's The Viktor Wynd Museum of Curiosities, Fine Art & Natural History has a permanent gallery dedicated to his work - The Spare Room


title: Austin Osman Spare

text: A portrait of an old man, with a beard, by Spare was shown on the BBC Television programme "Antiques Roadshow" in March 2020, and was described as being very different in style to his usual work.


title: Austin Osman Spare

text: Some of Spare's techniques, particularly the use of sigils and the creation of an "alphabet of desire" were adopted, adapted and popularized by Peter J. Carroll in the work "Liber Null & Psychonaut". Carroll and other writers such as Ray Sherwin are seen as key figures in the emergence of some of Spare's ideas and techniques as a part of a magical movement loosely referred to as chaos magic.


title: Austin Osman Spare

text: Bulldog Breed, a British psychedelic band, have a song entitled "Austin Osmanspare" on their one and only album "Made in England" (1969).


title: Austin Osman Spare

text: John Balance of the influential early industrial music group Coil (formed in 1982) described Spare as being his "mentor," and claimed that "what Spare did in art, we try to do through music."


title: Austin Osman Spare

text: The Polish death metal band Behemoth recorded a studio album entitled "Zos Kia Cultus" in Warsaw in September 2002.


title: Austin Osman Spare

text: "Zos Kia Cultus" is a term coined by Kenneth Grant, with different meanings for different people. One interpretation is that it is a form, style, or school of magic inspired by Spare. It focuses on one's individual universe and the influence of the magician's will on it. While the Zos Kia Cultus has very few adherents today, it is widely considered an important influence on the rise of chaos magic.


title: Austin Osman Spare

text: In 2016 a new street was named after the artist near his former home in Elephant and Castle. Spare Street, created from a series of refurbished railway arches, is part of Southwark's fledgling 'Low Line' project and is home to local arts organisation.


title: Austin Osman Spare

text: The majority of the books listed above are available as modern reprints. For a more complete listing see Clive Harper's "Revised Notes Towards A Bibliography of Austin Osman Spare."


title: Austin Osman Spare

text: Significant titles published since Spare's death include "Poems and Masks," "A Book of Automatic Drawings," 1974, "The Collected Works of Austin Osman Spare," 1986, "Axiomata & The Witches' Sabbath," 1992, "From The Inferno To Zos" (3 Vol. Set), "The Book of Ugly Ecstasy," 1996, "Zos Speaks," 1999, "The Valley of Fear," 2008, "Dearest Vera," 2010, "Two Grimoires," 2011, and "Psycopathia Sexualis" 2022.


title: Monday (2020 film)

text: Monday is a 2020 drama film directed by Argyris Papadimitropoulos, from a screenplay he wrote with Rob Hayes. It stars Sebastian Stan and Denise Gough.


title: Monday (2020 film)

text: The film had its world premiere on September 11, 2020, at the 2020 Toronto International Film Festival as part of TIFF Industry Selects. It was released in the United States on April 16, 2021, by IFC Films. The film received mixed reviews from critics.


title: Monday (2020 film)

text: At a party one hot summer night in Athens, Greece, Mickey is introduced to Chloe. The attraction between the pair is immediately palpable—so palpable that before they know it they're waking up naked on the beach on Saturday morning.


title: Monday (2020 film)

text: Unfortunately, they wake up naked and surrounded by families, children - and police, who wait for them to dress before taking them into the station. But when they get there, the captain orders the cuffs removed and asks the cops exactly what they expect to charge them with. When the cops reply, “Indecent exposure,” the captain brushes it off and tells them to sign his book and go away.


title: Monday (2020 film)

text: Chloe has left a toxic relationship and is leaving for America in two days, but her purse is in the house where the party was. Since Mickey can’t get Argyris, his friend and business partner, on the phone, he invites her to join him on an island where he has a DJ gig.


title: Monday (2020 film)

text: They spend the day on the island, dancing and getting to know one another. By the end of the night a romance has developed and Mickey tries to convince Chloe to stay in Greece; she rebuffs him, and when Argyris brings her purse to her apartment, they part awkwardly.


title: Monday (2020 film)

text: The next night Mickey sulks as Argyris and his friends sit in his home; Argyris realizes Mickey has fallen in love with Chloe and convinces him to go to the airport. The big romantic gesture works, and the next thing we see is them moving in together.


title: Monday (2020 film)

text: They are truly in love… but Mickey is an irresponsible free spirit and Chloe is an immigration lawyer. Can this work?


title: Monday (2020 film)

text: Mickey’s old band mate visits and with Chloe passed out on the couch after dinner, they do cocaine in the bathroom and she tries to convince him to join her on the road, writing songs and performing. The implication seems to be that they will presumably spark up an old romance. Mickey seems tempted, but Chloe comes in, needing to use the toilet, and the spell is broken.


title: Monday (2020 film)

text: Mickey and Argyris have a freelance advertising jingle gig that isn’t going well. While Chloe meets with an immigration client in the dining room, Mickey and Argyris placate their client in the living room, to no avail.


title: Monday (2020 film)

text: Chloe and Mickey plan a party for all their friends. They’re supposed to meet his ex, Aspa, the mother of his son, Hector, that afternoon; he convinces her to meet with Aspa alone, and promises he’ll take care of the party food.


title: Monday (2020 film)

text: At lunch, Aspa tells Chloe Mickey is a terrible father; he’s never bothered to learn Greek, and has never spent time with Hector. When Chloe returns home, he has not done any party planning. She is upset; along with the many other instances in their life together, this merely serves to confirm what Aspa told her.


title: Monday (2020 film)

text: Chloe takes a pregnancy test and isn’t pleased. Takeout food arrives shortly before the guests do. Chloe is unimpressed; Mickey obviously ordered it after she arrived home and he realized he’d forgotten all about his promise.


title: Monday (2020 film)

text: The party gets into full swing and their friends clearly do not get along. It is a disaster, but Chloe and Mickey at least can laugh about it at the end of the night. However, they end up having terrible sex.


title: Monday (2020 film)

text: A social worker visits and tells them that Aspa has stipulated the visitation and guardianship must be shared between Chloe and Mickey. Mickey may not be the sole guardian nor have visitation alone. This seems to trouble Chloe almost more than it does Mickey.


title: Monday (2020 film)

text: Chloe has an abortion and hides it from Mickey. She pretends to have the stomach flu, and puts him off when he tries to initiate sex.


title: Monday (2020 film)

text: They attend a wedding of a friend of Chloe’s and her ex, Christos, is there. He is controlling and toxic. Mickey is jealous and intimidated by Christos' wealth and power; he gets drunk and begins scowling and stalking around the wedding ominously. Argyris tries to convince him that he should not sabotage this relationship the way he always has in the past, that Chloe loves him.


title: Monday (2020 film)

text: And, of course, Mickey marches out to the bandstand, grabs the microphone, and makes a complete fool of himself, embarrassing Chloe and halfheartedly proposing to her.


title: Monday (2020 film)

text: At Christmastime, the Friday before Hector’s first visit, they argue about a clogged kitchen sink; Chloe complains Mickey will not take care of it and call a plumber like he should. Later, she apologizes and explains she is nervous. She proposes they learn a Greek song together to sing to Hector. They sit at his instrument and play it together, drinking cocktails and dancing together joyfully.


title: Monday (2020 film)

text: Chloe asks Mickey to take her out dancing, for one more carefree night before they become responsible parents. They ride his motorcycle to a club (she’s wearing the helmet he gave her on her birthday, with her name written on it). At the club they drink tequila shots, and Chloe insists Mickey find them some drugs. While he searches for some, Chloe somehow finds it, and they do cocaine in the bathroom. For a while on the dance floor they enjoy their high, but then Mickey gets into an altercation, and gets them kicked out, leaving behind their jackets and helmets.


title: Monday (2020 film)

text: They then drive, and Chloe’s nuzzling encourages Mickey to pull over; they run down into a closed basement restaurant where they begin having sex. Chloe begins to cry and confesses to the abortion. When Mickey is not upset, this angers Chloe, and they begin arguing, but this alerts a security guard and they must run out.


title: Monday (2020 film)

text: Back at the motorcycle, as Mickey prepares to leave, Chloe stops him and reminds him of their first night together, of being naked on the beach. She convinces him to get naked and go to the beach. They strip and get on the cycle, and drive quite a ways before pulling up right next to a cop car at a red light. A chase ensues, and while Mickey insists he should pull over, Chloe eggs him on, telling him to keep going.


title: Monday (2020 film)

text: After a brief chase involving several police cars, they are cornered and stopped. Mickey is quickly cuffed, but Chloe struggles and slaps a cop twice - once backhanded. We are back where we were at the beginning, the two of them stark naked and being arrested, in the back of police cars; but this time, Chloe is belligerent on cocaine and alcohol and has assaulted an officer. They will not be treated as lightly as they were the first time, when the police basically laughed it off.


title: Monday (2020 film)

text: They are taken to the station and charged, told they will go to court on Monday, meaning they will miss Hector’s visit tomorrow. Aghast, both of them plead to be allowed to leave and return, but to no avail. They are separated, and Chloe spends the weekend sleeping on cement benches in jail.


title: Monday (2020 film)

text: On Monday, Chloe speaks to a female attorney who gives her some presentable clothes and tells her everything will be fine. Sitting before a judge, she is found guilty and receives a suspended sentence and a fine. When she asks where Mickey is, her attorney says his case was dismissed.


title: Monday (2020 film)

text: Chloe returns home and finds Mickey, who has been there since Saturday. Chloe is enraged to learn he called Christos to get him out and get the charges dropped. She cries and rages, but Mickey comes back - she is not an innocent party here. Who insisted on getting naked? Who hit the cop? What was he supposed to do, lose his only chance at visitation and guardianship of his son?


title: Monday (2020 film)

text: Chloe cries quietly on the couch; she has no reply. When next we see them, they both stand outside a school and watch as the doors open, letting out small children who run into the arms of their waiting parents. Our last view is of Mickey and Chloe's smiling, expectant faces.


title: Monday (2020 film)

text: In August 2018, it was announced Sebastian Stan and Denise Gough had joined the cast of the film, with Argyris Papadimitropoulos directing from a screenplay he wrote alongside Rob Hayes.


title: Monday (2020 film)

text: "Monday" was originally scheduled to have its world premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 15, 2020. However, the festival was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: Monday (2020 film)

text: The film premiered on September 11, 2020, at the Toronto International Film Festival as part of TIFF Industry Selects. In February 2021, IFC Films acquired U.S. distribution rights to the film and set it for a April 16, 2021, release.


title: Monday (2020 film)

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 49% based on 75 reviews, with an average rating of 5.6/10. The site's critics consensus reads: ""Monday" has attractive leads and a beautifully filmed setting, but fatal character flaws undermine the impact of this turbulent romance." According to Metacritic, which sampled 24 critics and calculated a weighted average score of 58 out of 100, the film received "mixed or average reviews".


title: Monday (2020 film)

text: "Screen Rant" gave the film a 2 out of 5 stars rating, stating that the film "fumbles its way through after a strong start and isn't interested in exploring or developing its characters as individuals or as a couple."


title: Jason White (musician)

text: Jason White (born November 11, 1973) is an American musician, best known for being the touring guitarist of the rock band Green Day. He has performed with Green Day as a touring member since 1997. He has worked with Green Day in the studio and on tour, and has appeared in various music videos with the band, including "When I Come Around", "Wake Me Up When September Ends" and "Last of the American Girls". He was briefly credited as an official member on the group's 2012 trilogy "¡Uno!", "¡Dos!", and "¡Tré!". Prior to working with Green Day, he was a member of the punk band Pinhead Gunpowder, which also featured Green Day vocalist Billie Joe Armstrong. White has also been a member of a number of Green Day side projects including Foxboro Hot Tubs, The Network, and The Coverups among others.


title: Jason White (musician)

text: In the summer of 1992, White filled in guitar duties at the last minute for Bay Area punk band Monsula, who were performing at Little Rock, AR club Vino's. After the performance, Jason toured as guitarist for the band and eventually relocated to the Bay Area after the breakup of Chino Horde in summer 1993. White joined the Big Cats in 1996, after the temporary departure of bassist Josh Bentley, and took over guitar duties in 2000 after the death of guitarist Shannon Yarbrough. The group is a side project of many musicians, playing live very rarely. Their newest record, "On Tomorrow", was released in 2007.


title: Jason White (musician)

text: Because of Pinhead Gunpowder's infamy for sporadic get-togethers, White and Gunpowder bassist Bill Schneider began looking to form another band that would be a group the two could focus on. After recruiting Schneider's brother Greg Schneider to join and finally convincing Willie Samuels to play drums, The Influents were formed. White and Greg would become the focus of the band, splitting songwriting duties, as well as singing time. Bill Schneider left the band on good terms after the group's first album "Check Please" to focus on his drum shop and was soon replaced by Johnnie Wentz. The new line-up soon recorded a follow up, "Some of the Young", and went on tour.


title: Jason White (musician)

text: In 2006, Jason recorded a cover of The Replacements "Torture" for the Replacements Cover compilation, "We'll Inherit the Earth". He's also featured in the May 2007 release, "Towncraft", a documentary covering twenty years of the punk music scene in Little Rock, AR, White's home. That same year, White played with Green Day in the video for the cover of "Working Class Hero."


title: Jason White (musician)

text: As a friend of punk rock trio Green Day, he appeared in the "When I Come Around" video, where he is seen kissing a girl (his real-life girlfriend at the time). In 1994, White joined punk quartet Pinhead Gunpowder after the departure of singer/guitarist Sarah Kirsch (with whom White had played the previous year in Sixteen Bullets). When Green Day/Pinhead Gunpowder lead singer Billie Joe Armstrong founded Adeline Records in 1997, White helped him run it. He re-appeared with Armstrong for two Green Day shows in 1999, both of which raised money for the Bridge School Benefit.


title: Jason White (musician)

text: With the release of "American Idiot", White was required again to play with the band during the supporting tour of the album. In February 2005, Jason got married. That year, he played with Green Day in their video, "Wake Me Up When September Ends"—the first time that any musician outside the trio appeared as a performer in a Green Day video. He also appears along the band in their 2005 live CD/DVD "Bullet in a Bible". In April 2007, White and his wife joined Armstrong and his family in their Spring Break working with Habitat For Humanity and writing a diary for fan site GreenDay.net.


title: Jason White (musician)

text: In 2008, White joined Green Day's side project Foxboro Hot Tubs as lead guitarist along with Kevin Preston of Prima Donna on rhythm guitar. In 2009, he toured with Green Day in support for their latest record, "21st Century Breakdown". White made his fourth appearance on a Green Day video for "21 Guns" and his fifth in "Last of the American Girls"; prior to this, and not including his live appearances on "Jesus of Suburbia" and "East Jesus Nowhere", he had appeared in three videos: "When I Come Around", "Wake Me Up When September Ends", and "Working Class Hero".


title: Jason White (musician)

text: On July 13, 2010, Max Recordings released White's debut 45 single—"Hungover" b/w "I'm a Mess". He appeared once again as Green Day's sideman for their 2011 live album "Awesome as Fuck". White is credited with contributing "Guitar" in the press release of Green Day's ninth, tenth, and eleventh studio albums "¡Uno!", "¡Dos!", and "¡Tré!" and also appeared in the music video for "Oh Love". In addition, he appears in photographs with the band. He was not inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2015. In 2016, White reverted to being a touring member of Green Day, and the band recorded their twelfth studio album "Revolution Radio" as the classic three-piece lineup. White played guitar on the song "Back in the USA" on Green Day's 2017 compilation "" as an additional musician.


title: Sounwave

text: Mark Anthony Spears, known professionally as Sounwave, is an American hip-hop producer and songwriter from Compton, California, and an original member of the Californian hip-hop label Top Dawg Entertainment. Sounwave has worked on every Kendrick Lamar studio album since Lamar's 2009 self-titled EP, including the Grammy Award-nominated album "Good Kid, M.A.A.D City", Grammy Award winning "To Pimp a Butterfly", and the multi-Grammy and Pulitzer Prize–winning album "Damn". He has received two Grammy Awards: Best Rap Song (2015) for "Alright", and Best Rap Album (2017) for "Damn".


title: Sounwave

text: Hailing from Compton, Sounwave credits "Up Jumps da Boogie" by Timbaland as the first hip hop instrumental he ever listened to. From the age of ten, he started using a Korg drum machine to make simple drum beats. From there, he graduated to a 4-track machine and then to the MTV Music Generator for PlayStation. After using that for a while, he hooked up with rapper Bishop Lamont from Carson, California, and a song he produced for him with MTV Music Generator received local radio placement.


title: Sounwave

text: In 2005, Sounwave was originally discovered by Top Dawg Entertainment co-founder Terrence "Punch" Henderson, who had him meet with TDE CEO Anthony "Top Dawg" Tiffith. Tiffith was originally unimpressed with Sounwave; however, Sounwave persisted and honed his craft, which ended up "blowing away" Tiffith. It was then he became a member of Digi+Phonics, an American hip hop production team, composed of fellow California-based record producers Tae Beast, Dave Free and Willie B. They served as the main in-house producers for Carson-based record label, Top Dawg Entertainment. Digi+Phonics worked significantly on projects from all the members of hip hop supergroup Black Hippy, who are also signed to Top Dawg and is composed of rappers Kendrick Lamar, Jay Rock, Schoolboy Q, and Ab-Soul.


title: Sounwave

text: Sounwave's earliest work for Top Dawg Entertainment surfaced on the self-titled "Kendrick Lamar" and Jay Rock's compilation track "Fa Sho", in 2009 and 2010 respectively. In 2011, Sounwave produced the bulk of Lamar's mixtape/album "Section.80", which landed him on "Complex"s "15 New Producers to Watch" list. He also produced three songs on Lamar's critically acclaimed second album "Good Kid, M.A.A.D City" (2012). Sounwave is known for producing Kendrick Lamar's hit single "Bitch Don't Kill My Vibe", among other songs such as "M.A.A.D. City", "A.D.H.D" and Schoolboy Q's "There He Go". In 2014, he earned a placement on Top Dawg Entertainment artist Isaiah Rashad's "Cilvia Demo" and produced "Hoover Street" and "Prescription/Oxymoron" on Schoolboy Q's "Oxymoron". Outside of his work with artists in the Top Dawg Entertainment label, he worked with Flo Rida on the song "Finally Here" from the latter's second album "R.O.O.T.S." (2009). Sounwave is also credited with production on four tracks on Schoolboy Q's fourth studio album, "Blank Face LP".


title: Sounwave

text: In 2016, Sounwave worked alongside Lamar and Top Dawg Entertainment CEO Tiffith as co-writer, A&R, and producer of "Black Panther: The Album", the official soundtrack to the film "Black Panther". His work on the film's single "All the Stars" with Lamar and SZA earned nominations for Best Original Song for the Academy Awards, Golden Globe Awards, and Critics' Choice Movie Awards.


title: Sounwave

text: Outside of Top Dawg Entertainment, Sounwave has collaborated with Beyoncé, Mary J Blige, and many others. In 2019, Sounwave co-wrote and co-produced the song "London Boy" for Taylor Swift's seventh studio album "Lover" (2019).


title: Sounwave

text: Additionally in 2019, he along with singer and songwriter Sam Dew and producer/musician Jack Antonoff released a project titled "Red Hearse" under the same name.


title: Rollo Armstrong

text: Rowland Constantine O'Malley Armstrong (born 8 May 1966), known professionally as Rollo, is an English music producer. He is one half of the remix/production duo Rollo & Sister Bliss and is a founding member of the electronic music group Faithless. He has remixed tracks for Pet Shop Boys, Simply Red, R. Kelly, U2, Moby, Grace, Tricky and Suede.


title: Rollo Armstrong

text: Rollo was born to an Irish publisher and a French-English poet. His younger sister is singer Dido, whose multi-million selling albums "No Angel", "Life for Rent", "Safe Trip Home" and "Still on My Mind" he helped to write and produce. He studied at the University of York and was an active member of the student radio station URY.


title: Rollo Armstrong

text: Rollo has appeared on a large number of music projects, both within groups and solo, using various monikers, including Faithless (which he formed in 1995 with Sister Bliss, Jamie Catto and Maxi Jazz), Rollo Goes ..., Our Tribe (with Rob Dougan), and Dusted.


title: Rollo Armstrong

text: In late 1991, Rollo founded Cheeky Records, releasing two singles before the label folded. In 1992 Champion Records stepped in to help with funding and advice, and the label was restarted, with "Reverence" by Faithless its first album release (it has since been bought out by BMG). In 1992, Rollo co-wrote and co-produced Felix's hit single "Don't You Want Me", which reached number 1 in Finland, Italy, Spain and Switzerland, as well as reaching number 6 on the UK Singles Chart.


title: Rollo Armstrong

text: In the United States, Rollo is known for his production work on Dido's albums as well as singer-songwriter Kristine W's debut album, "Land of the Living".


title: Rollo Armstrong

text: Rollo composed the official melody of the UEFA Euro 2008 and UEFA Euro 2012. He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category of Best Original Song for his work with A.R. Rahman and Dido on "If I Rise", featuring in the 2010 Danny Boyle film "127 Hours".


title: Rollo Armstrong

text: In October 2019, Rollo released his album "The Last Summer" under the alias "R Plus". It charted at No. 96 on the UK Album Sales Chart and at No. 55 on the UK Album Download Chart.


title: Rollo Armstrong

text: In July 2021, Rollo (as the alias R Plus) released "Hey Lover" which featured singer Amelia Fox. The pair had previously collaborated on a cover of Joy Division's 1980 hit "Love Will Tear Us Apart" which Rollo released in May 2021. On 13 May 2022, Rollo released "WeDisappear", a collaboration album with Amelia Fox and Faithless.


title: Mil Mi-4

text: The Mil Mi-4 (USAF/DoD reporting name "Type 36", NATO reporting name "Hound") is a Soviet transport helicopter that served in both military and civilian roles.


title: Mil Mi-4

text: The Mi-4 was designed in response to the American H-19 Chickasaw and the deployment of U.S. helicopters during the Korean War. While the Mi-4 strongly resembles the H-19 Chickasaw in general layout, including the innovative engine position in front of the cockpit, it is a larger helicopter, able to lift more weight and built in larger numbers. The first model entered service in 1953. The helicopter was first displayed to the outside world in 1952 at the Soviet Aviation Day in Tushino Airfield.


title: Mil Mi-4

text: One Mi-4 was built with a jettisonable rotor. It served as an experimental vehicle for future pilots' means of safety and ejection designs.


title: Mil Mi-4

text: The Mi-4 transport helicopter laid the beginning of the Soviet Army Aviation. It was widely used both in the armed forces and in Soviet civil aviation, and for several decades remained the main type of helicopter in the inventory of the Soviet Armed Forces and of the Civil Air Fleet. The Mi-4 went out of service with the development of the Mi-8. It is no longer used by the Russian Air Force, though it remained in service in some countries as a utility helicopter or as a military transport a while longer. Albania was thought to be the final country using the helicopter and by 2005 all were out of service. The Mi-4 played a very important role in the Bangladesh liberation war of 1971. The Mi-4 was the workhorse of the Indian Air Force covering the medium lift role at the time. A highly successful heli-borne operation, the Meghna Heli Bridge, using Mi-4s helped the Indian Army's 57 Mountain Division clear the Meghna River. The helilift of a battalion of Indian troops to the outskirts of Sylhet was the first heli-borne operation of the Indian army.


title: Mil Mi-4

text: Much like the UH-1 Huey, after it was gradually phased out of military service, it was used in various domestic roles: search and rescue, firefighting, polar expeditioning, construction site cargo helicopter, commercial flights and many others.


title: Mil Mi-4

text: An official video of a North Korean Air Force combat flying skills competition released in 2014 shows that the Mi-4 is still in limited service in North Korea.


title: Arnold Strongman Classic

text: The Arnold Strongman Classic is an annual competition featuring strength athletes from all over the world, determining who is the Strongest Man in the World. Created by Arnold Schwarzenegger, Jim Lorimer and Terry Todd, it is an offshoot of the Arnold Sports Festival which takes place annually in Columbus, Ohio, USA. Widely regarded as the heaviest and the most difficult strongman competition in the world the Arnold Strongman Classic has been won only by 8 men in history. Among them, the Lithuanian Žydrūnas Savickas has won it 8 times, while the Icelander Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson and American Brian Shaw have won it 3 times each.


title: Arnold Strongman Classic

text: The Arnold Strongman (which has been variously referred to as the "Arnold Classic", the "Arnold Classic Strongman", "Arnold's Summit" and "Arnold's Strongest Man") is one of the many offshoots of the Arnold festival. The Arnold Sports Festival, founded in 1989 as the Arnold Classic and named after Arnold Schwarzenegger, was originally a bodybuilding contest. It featured a competition for men (Arnold Classic) and women (Ms. International). The bodybuilding contests have since expanded to include a Fitness International and Figure International competition for women. However, the event had also expanded to include other sports and events, one of which was strongman, introduced in late 2002. This Strongman event was created by a powerlifter named Dr. Terry Todd at the request of Arnold Schwarzenegger. The expansion of the programme led to the Classic becoming the Arnold Fitness Weekend and now the Arnold Sports Festival. According to the Arnold Sports Festival co-producer, Jim Lorimer: ""The Arnold Strongman Classic has been growing in popularity every year, and we are very excited that many strong men are returning."" January 29, 2008.


title: Arnold Strongman Classic

text: In the inaugural 2002 competition, the American professional wrestler and former weight lifter Mark Henry emerged victorious over Norway's Svend Karlsen. In addition to competing in what were the four official events — the Apollon's Wheel, the deadlift, the Hummer push and the 800+lbs Farmer's Walk — the competitors were given the opportunity to attempt to lift the Thomas Inch "unliftable" dumbbell or "Inch Bell". A prize of $1000 was awarded to the man who could pull it the highest in the air. Five men chose to try the Bell with Mark Henry winning the $1000 by pulling it to the level of his chest. Pfister raised the Inch Bell over his head with his right hand, to a standing ovation, but his lift was disqualified because he briefly stabilized the dumbbell with his left hand when it was on his knee and because he used a "continental clean" when raising the dumbbell to his chest. Pfister was however also awarded $1000.


title: Arnold Strongman Classic

text: From 2003 to 2008, the Arnold Strongman was won every year by Žydrūnas Savickas of Lithuania (see Full results below). In 2008, he received a $40,000 check from Gerard Dente of MHP, an Audemars Piguet watch by Robert Ronan and the Louis Cyr trophy (after the legendary strongman, Louis Cyr) and congratulations from Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger. In the competition, 12 world records were set with Savickas setting three of them. In the Tire Deadlift, he lifted 1,027 lbs. In the Circus Dumbbell, he tied with Derek Poundstone for the world record with nine lifts each, and in the Manhood Stones, he lifted 525 lbs, three times. Second places were shared primarily between Svend Karlsen and Vasyl Virastyuk while Raimonds Bergmanis, Glenn Ross, Andrus Murumets and Mikhail Koklyaev shared the third places.


title: Arnold Strongman Classic

text: American Derek Poundstone won in 2009 & 2010. Derek took the vacant throne from Zydrunas when he took 2009 off from the competition. When Savickas returned in 2010, Derek retained his title by defeating Zydrunas. Just days before the 2011 contest, 2-time defending champion Derek Poundstone was forced to withdraw from the contest due to injury. Fellow American big Brian Shaw came in and won the contest, and Mike Jenkins, the winner of the 2012 Arnold Strongman amateur event who was competing in his first-ever professional strongman competition, shocked many and finished in second place ahead of 6 time-champion Savickas who came in third. Mike Jenkins went on to win the title in 2012 ahead of Derek Poundstone by 1 point and Žydrūnas dropping to third. Lithuania's Vytautas Lalas won the competition in 2013 ahead of Brian Shaw by 0.5 point and Russia's Mikhail Koklyaev emerged third. From 2014 to 2017 the competition was won by either Zydrunas or Brian with two wins per each after very close battles, bringing their winning tallies to 8 and 3 respectively. the podiums were secured by Mike Burke, Mateusz Kieliszkowski, Vytautas Lalas and Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson.


title: Arnold Strongman Classic

text: In 2018, the Icelandic giant Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson reached his prime and dominated the competition for 3 consecutive years, winning the title in 2018, 2019 and 2020. Brian Shaw, Martins Licis, Mateusz Kieliszkowski and Mikhail Shivlyakov all had to settle with second and third places. Hafþór established new World Records in the Bag over bar, 500 kg Timber carry, Húsafell Stone carry, 400 lb Apollon's Axel for reps and twice broke the Elephant Bar Deadlift World Record with 472 kg (1,041 lb) in 2018 and 474 kg (1,045 lb) in 2019. Poland's Mateusz Kieliszkowski established world records in the Odd Haugen's Tombstone and Cyr Dumbbell while American Martins Licis established a world record in Conan's Wheel of Pain event. In 2021, the competition was not held due to COVID-19 pandemic. The 3 time defending champion Hafþór had retired from Strongman and Martins Licis won the competition in 2022 ahead of Ukraine's Oleksiy Novikov who emerged second.


title: Arnold Strongman Classic

text: In 2012, the inaugural ""Arnold Strongman Classic-Europe"" contest was formed and is a joint promotion between Arnold Schwarzenegger, Jim Lorimer (Arnold Sports Festival co-promoter), Dr. Rafael Santonja (president of the International Federation of Body Building, "IFBB") as well as American Strongman Corporation and Strongman Champions League.


title: Arnold Strongman Classic

text: The ""Arnold Strongman Classic-Europe"" contest will differ significantly from the format of the original Arnold Strongman Classic event, with less of an emphasis on brute strength and heavy events, and will include a wider variety of events and some speed/loading events similar to Strongman Champions League and World's Strongest Man contests. The format change is due largely in part to the event being broadcast and televised in 85 countries.


title: Arnold Strongman Classic

text: The 2012 contest was held in Madrid, Spain on Oct. 13 & 14, 2012, the event was sponsored by MHP. The contest is included as part of the 2012 Strongman Champions League season, and competitors earned points towards the annual SCL overall title. The inaugural contest was won by 6-time Arnold Strongman champion and reigning World's Strongest Man Zydrunas Savickas of Lithuania, who was also the 2012 SCL overall champion.


title: Arnold Strongman Classic

text: In 2015, the inaugural ""Arnold Strongman Classic Australia"" contest was formed, and is a joint promotion between Arnold Schwarzenegger, Jim Lorimer (Arnold Sports Festival co-promoter), Dr. Rafael Santonja (president of the International Federation of BodyBuilding & Fitness, "IFBB") as well as Australian Strongman Corporation and Strongman Champions League.


title: Arnold Strongman Classic

text: In 2010, the Arnold Amateur contest was formed by Dione Wessels. The contest is open to amateur strongman competitors from all over the world. The winner of the contest receives their pro card, and an invite to the next year's Arnold Strongman Classic event. Mike Jenkins won the inaugural contest in 2010,Mateusz Baron from Poland was the 2011 winner, and Adam Scherr was the 2012 winner.


title: G.o.d

text: Groove Over Dose, known by the acronym g.o.d (), is a South Korean boy band formed by SidusHQ. Debuting in 1999, the group became one of the most popular boy bands of the early 2000s in South Korea. The members had gone on to solo careers in the entertainment industry after indefinitely discontinuing group activity in 2005 following the departure of a member. However, they regrouped as a quintet and made a comeback in July 2014. Although the group is largely known for their "story telling" lyrical style and signature blend of R&B and rap, their repertoire features a diverse array of genres ranging from hip hop to funk.


title: G.o.d

text: As one of the best-selling artists in South Korea prior to the digital era, they are one of the few idol groups to have more than one album become a "million seller". Often referred to as "the nation's idol" due to the broad popular appeal of their hit songs, they are regarded as "legends of K-pop" alongside idol groups Shinhwa, H.O.T, Sechs Kies, Fin.K.L, and S.E.S.


title: G.o.d

text: Due to their extended hiatus and lack of overseas promotions, their popularity and fame has been largely limited to the domestic market or within the Korean diaspora overseas. However, their songs remain some of the most recognized and well-known within South Korea and their hits such as "To Mother", "Road" and "One Candle" are considered classic Korean language songs.


title: G.o.d

text: In 1997, Park Joon-hyung flew to South Korea with the goal of creating a group which blended Western and Asian influences. He recruited his cousin Danny Ahn and the latter's friend Son Ho-young, Yoon Kye-sang and Kim Tae-woo were later recruited through auditions. Their formation was fraught with difficulties from the beginning as their talent management company EBM (which merged into Sidus and again split to become iHQ (SidusHQ) in 2005) had been affected by the 1997 Asian financial crisis and was forced to cut financial funding for its trainees. After over a year, executives allowed them to continue with the project due to their persistence and introduced singer-songwriter and JYP Entertainment founder Park Jin-young to be their producer and mentor. Kim Sun-a left to pursue acting and Kim Tae-woo, who was still a high school student, was the final member added, joining the group in July 1998. The group was to be called "GOT6", but their name was changed to g.o.d (Groove Over Dose) instead when it became a five-member boy band; Park Jin-young has since revealed that GOT7's group name originated from GOT6.


title: G.o.d

text: The group made their debut appearance on January 13, 1999, performing "To Mother" (어머님께), the title track of their first album, live on the SBS late night show "One Night of TV Entertainment" (). The music video for the song featured actor Jang Hyuk. Although it has since become one of their most famous songs, the initial televised performance did not earn a positive response from those in the music industry. g.o.d also gained attention for their "boys next door" persona and vocal talent, a stark contrast to the trend of the era which was largely focused on groups with visually appealing members and highly sophisticated and energetic choreography. They released their second album at the end of the year and it garnered a much better response and also earned the group their first ever #1 win on a music program.


title: G.o.d

text: In January 2000, the five members appeared in a reality TV series, called "g.o.d's Baby Diaries" (), which aired as a segment of MBC's "Achieve the Goal Saturday" () weekend program. The members acted as a family to take care of an eleventh-month old boy named Han Jae-min. Every one of them had a duty (i.e. Son Ho Young acted as 'mommy' and Park Joon Hyung as 'daddy'). The show was popular due to the fact that it was the first time an idol group had starred in their own reality show and its high ratings reportedly forced the sketch comedy show "Gag Concert", which aired at the same time on MBC's competitor broadcaster KBS, to switch time slots.


title: G.o.d

text: Just a year after debuting, g.o.d saw success with the release of their third album, which sold over a million copies. Its promoted track "Lies" (거짓말) dominated the #1 spot on music programs and also won the "Daesang" ("Grand Prize") at the KBS Music Awards. Following the success of their third album, g.o.d held their first national tour beginning in February 2001 and became only the second K-pop group (after H.O.T.) to hold a concert in the largest sports venue in South Korea, the Seoul Olympic Stadium. In November that year, g.o.d launched their fourth album "Chapter 4", their second album to hit a million in sales. The title track "Road" (길) topped the rankings on several music shows and has since become a classic hit. The album won the Disk "Daesang" (Grand Prize) at the 16th Golden Disc Awards. Additionally, the group achieved a rare feat by sweeping the "Daesang" awards at the respective year-end music awards run by the country's three major broadcasting stations KBS, SBS and MBC.


title: G.o.d

text: The group nearly broke up in September 2001 after Park was discovered to be dating, which was considered to be taboo for most pop stars in South Korea at that time. Their management announced, without informing him or the other group members, that he was to leave the group and g.o.d would continue as a quartet. It was met with strong objection from fans, who repeatedly signed petitions, threatened to boycott concerts and stated their intentions of returning purchased merchandise for refunds. Ahn, Yoon, Son and Kim held their own press conference, without the knowledge of their management, to show their support for Park. By November, their management eventually backed down.


title: G.o.d

text: Having established themselves as the country's best selling idol group of 2001, g.o.d was invited to perform at the inaugural MTV Asia Awards held in Singapore as the Korean representative and was nominated for the Favorite Artist Award (Korea). While in Singapore, the group was interviewed by "Time" magazine and featured on the cover of the Asian edition for July 29. However, the article they were featured in was met with criticism by Korean music critics, local media and g.o.d's management agency SidusHQ as the author used a misquote attributed to Yoon Kye-sang to segue into an opinion editorial about corruption within the K-pop industry rather than focus on g.o.d as one of the country's most popular pop groups. They were chosen as the country's representative artistes to be featured in the 2002 FIFA World Cup official album "Fever Pitch", for which they recorded the song "True East Side". In July they took a break from television promotions and began their "100-day Human Concert" series where all the shows were sold out and each day had a different theme.


title: G.o.d

text: Yoon left the group in 2004 and g.o.d switched to JYP Entertainment after their group contract with SidusHQ expired. They continued promoting as a quartet, releasing another two more albums. They went on hiatus from 2006 after holding their last concert in December 2005. Various media outlets and sources have described them as having disbanded between 2006 and 2014. However, the remaining members stated that they chose not use the term "disbanding" as they had promised fans they would reunite as a five-piece at some point in the future. All members remained in the entertainment industry: Park returned to the United States to pursue acting, Ahn hosted KBS Cool FM's "Kiss the Radio" while Son and Kim continued as singers and musical actors. The remaining four members unofficially reunited to perform in 2012 at the Korean Music Festival in Los Angeles and on SBS MTV's "The Stage Big Pleasure".


title: G.o.d

text: Beginning in 2013 there was already speculation that the members of g.o.d were discussing the possibility of reuniting. Following Yoon Kye-sang's confirmation to rejoin the group and lengthy discussion and organization with the members' individual managements, they recommenced group activities under their original management agency SidusHQ. On May 3, 2014 their 15th anniversary concert was announced through a TV advertisement which aired on Korean cable channel jTBC, followed by confirmation from their management agency. Despite the low-key announcement and the group's refusal to promote on music programs, their comeback received extensive media coverage and became a trending topic on the internet within South Korea as they were the first inactive K-pop idol group to make a comeback with all of its original members.


title: G.o.d

text: The album "Chapter 8" was released on July 8, 2014. Several songs were pre-released as teasers for their official comeback tour. The pre-released singles, "The Lone Duckling" (also "The Ugly Duckling") (미운 오리 새끼) and "Sky Blue Promise" (하늘색 약속), both achieved "all kills" in the digital charts. The music videos for "Saturday Night", which contained references of their hit "Friday Night", and the ballad "Story of Our Lives" were uploaded on YouTube. The album was repackaged and released in October as the "Thank You" edition and included a new song "Wind" (바람), whose lyrics were written by Yoon to express his gratitude to fans.


title: G.o.d

text: The group began their 15th anniversary tour on July 12, 2014 at Jamsil Sports Complex with around 14,000 fans in attendance. It was their first concert as a quintet in 12 years. Initially they had planned to hold two concerts over two days in Seoul but extended it to eight more dates in four other cities due to popular demand. They also made their first televised performance together in 12 years on September 5 as exclusive guests on "You Hee-yeol's Sketchbook", the only guests who have been granted the honor. They concluded their national tour with an encore concert in October at the 40,000-capacity Seoul Olympic Stadium, the second time they have held a sold-out concert at the venue. In November they extended their tour overseas for the time, holding concerts at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California and Prudential Center in Newark, New Jersey, and became the first single South Korean group to play at stadiums in the United States since BIGBANG (Alive Galaxy Tour).


title: G.o.d

text: The group made a rare live televised performance as a quintet, performing at the "I Am Korea" Gala Concert celebrating 70 years of independence which was broadcast live on KBS1. On December 9, 2015, they released the maxi single "A Funny but Sad Day" (웃픈 하루) and the music video was uploaded by CJ E&M in anticipation of their upcoming year-end concerts. Although the group did not promote the song at all, it was the top 30 most downloaded singles that month and remained in the Gaon Digital Chart for six consecutive weeks. They held a series of sold-out concerts in Seoul over five days before heading to Daegu and Busan to celebrate the Christmas holidays and New Year's Day with fans. They took a break in 2016 while the members returned to their solo activities.


title: G.o.d

text: For the first two months of 2017 g.o.d embarked on their second nationwide tour since reuniting. Entitled "g.o.d to MEN" the tour began in Seoul and went to five other major cities. The Incheon concert on January 13 was extended by several hours as it coincided with the 18th anniversary of their debut and culminated in a special fan event hosted by DinDin.


title: G.o.d

text: On September 19, 2018, jTBC released a trailer of "Shall We Walk Together" (같이걸을까), a 10-episode travel variety-reality show which documented the members' trip to walk the Camino de Santiago in Spain. It began airing on October 11, as part of a series of projects to celebrate the 20th anniversary of their debut. On November 27, they released the single "Snowfall" (눈이 내린다) to little fanfare and it debuted at #63 on the Gaon Digital Chart that week with over 9 million downloads and streams despite intense competition from their much younger counterparts. From November 30 to December 2 they held a series of concerts entitled "Greatest" at the KSPO Dome before playing in Busan and Daegu on December 22 and 25 respectively. In a positive review, the "Kukmin Ilbo" noted that the concerts were appropriately named as g.o.d was one of the few K-pop groups who could put together a full set list consisting almost exclusively of number 1 songs, with 17 out of 20 songs in the set list being number 1 hits on South Korean music programs. On January 10, 2019, the album "Then & Now" was released. It contains a mixture of new original material, including a title track composed by Park Jin-young, remixed and re-recorded songs from previous albums. On January 13 they held the last of their anniversary concerts, playing to a sold-out crowd at the KSPO Dome.


title: G.o.d

text: On September 30, 2022, it was announced that g.o.d will hold a year-end concert that will take place at the Olympic Park Gymnastics Stadium in Seoul from December 9 to 11, marking their first performance in four years. On October 14, it was confirmed that g.o.d will be holding an additional Busan concert which will be held on December 24 and 25.


title: G.o.d

text: Although known primarily for R&B, g.o.d has often displayed their versatility as their albums feature songs which combine elements of different genres such as hip hop, rap, funk and dance pop: their debut single "To Mother" (어머님께) contains elements of hip hop and a refrain sung in R&B style, the upbeat and rhythmic "Friday Night" from the second album heavily features funk elements and the ballad "The Story of Our Lives" from the most recent album utilizes a "duet" of the rap and singing parts in the chorus to create a polyphonic texture. Park Joon-hyung has stated that from the beginning he had intended for the group to effectively combine Western and Asian influences into their music. They were one of the few first generation K-pop groups to successfully incorporate elements of African American genres such as rap and hip hop into their music and utilize lines rapped entirely in Korean, which was uncommon at that time. While each song differs in genre, a key characteristic is a prominently distinct and simple melody which is accompanied by a minimalistic piano, guitar or percussion-based groove. Their overall style has been described as a mixture of "belting styles" with "gentle rap, candid lyrics and plain vocal narration". Their ability to seamlessly transition between rap and R&B is apparent in their hit songs, most of which are classified as R&B ballads or pop but contain at least several lines that are rapped. This combination of a prominent lyrical melody and rap has been described as their "signature". Some songs feature a spoken narration to introduce the song. They have shied away from trending genres such as bubblegum pop and electronic music.


title: G.o.d

text: In contrast to their contemporaries such as Shinhwa, H.O.T. and Sechs Kies whose repertoire was largely either "feel-good" or hard rock or was choreography-based, g.o.d was focused on lyrical content, garnering them a wider demographic of fans. The trademark features of their repertoire are the "story telling" style and subject matter of their lyrics. MTV Asia describes their songs as "[leaning] towards the social commentary side, with heartfelt lyrics that make people cry until today." Their songs often reflected relatable themes such as love, loss and family or were based on their personal experiences: their debut single "To Mother" was partly based on leader Park Joon-hyung's childhood while "The Story of Five Men" (다섯 남자 이야기) described their frugal living conditions during their first year as struggling young singers. Other songs are more humorous and parodied the members themselves, such as the self-composed "Sky Blue Balloon" (하늘색 풍선), in which rapper Danny Ahn refers to himself by his nickname Skinny Pig.


title: G.o.d

text: Critics and media have noted the group's unique blend of five distinctly different voices. Mnet's "Legends 100" series noted that "[The] synergy created by these five people began a page of popular music history that has never been seen before."


title: G.o.d

text: Along with Shinhwa, g.o.d was the earliest idol group to adopt a more public-friendly approach towards fans, transitioning away from the mysterious and intensely private personas of earlier groups H.O.T. and Sechs Kies. As a vocally-focused group, g.o.d did not adopt any image or concept aimed at a particular age demographic unlike most idol groups at that time which were pitched as teen idols and it further added to their "everyman" persona and solidified their nickname "the nation's group". Likewise, they have refrained from colorful and elaborate stage costumes or complex choreography, preferring to utilize themes and simple dance routines to allow members to directly engage with the audience.


title: G.o.d

text: g.o.d is the first K-pop idol group to hold one hundred concerts, a feat they achieved during the "100-day Human Concert" series in 2002 and 2003. They gained popularity and acclaim as consummate entertainers for their stage presence and humorously casual style, often presiding over their concerts themselves. The group is noted within the industry for their interactive approach towards fans during concerts, which often feature segments such as taking song requests or teaching the audience a dance move. Critics have described their concerts as "a giant "noraebang"" due to the group's large number of recognizable hit songs.


title: G.o.d

text: Since their early days, g.o.d's concerts have revolved around specific themes. Their first national tour was entitled "The Story of Five Men", a reference to the eponymous song from their second album chronicling the austere conditions they endured while preparing to debut. The "100-day Human Concert" series notably featured a different theme for each concert. After reuniting in 2014, the group has been more experimental, revising their choreography and the instrumentation of their background tracks several times. Their "g.o.d to MEN" national tour in early 2017 was designed and choreographed as a Broadway musical. Lee Mi-hyun of the "JoongAng Ilbo", in reviewing the Seoul leg of the tour, praised the group for their ability to entertain and reinvent themselves without compromising their artistic integrity or losing their unique sound.


title: G.o.d

text: g.o.d was the first boy band to be dubbed "the nation's group" (), a sobriquet popularized by the media and cultural commentators due to their appeal to not only the teenage demographic, but across a much broader age demographic compared to their contemporaries. In contrast to their contemporaries, who were primarily targeting a teenage audience, they were known as the boy band which "appealed to both teenagers and their parents" and "rose beyond its status as an idol group to be loved by people of all ages." Cultural commentators have noted that the subject matter of their debut song "To Mother" and other songs such as "One Candle" and "Road" further contributed to their broad popular appeal as the country was transitioning out of difficult times and was still recovering from the 1997 Asian financial crisis when the group debuted. They are the first idol group to star in their own reality show, "g.o.d's Baby Diaries", beginning a trend of idol singers and other entertainers participating in similar shows such as "Hello Baby" and "The Return of Superman".


title: G.o.d

text: g.o.d set a number of records in sales figures. They currently hold the record for the highest-selling album (not including a repackaged version) within a single month – their fourth album "Chapter 4" (released in November 2001) sold 1,441,209 copies within a month of its release – and was the only K-pop group to have the sales figures of an album surpass the 1.2 million mark within that time frame until BTS accomplished the same feat in 2017 with the album "". They are the most recent K-pop group to sell over a million physical copies of a full album and the last group to do so prior to the establishment of digital music stores, having sold over 1.7 million copies of "Chapter 4", before EXO reached the milestone in 2013.


title: G.o.d

text: The enduring popularity and cross-generational appeal of their songs and their success has influenced many K-pop idol singers of the new generation, such as R&B quartet 2AM, boy band B1A4, girl group Twice and chart-topping solo artist IU, who have all cited g.o.d as industry "role models" and "inspirations". Widely acknowledged within the Korean music industry as "legends of K-pop", g.o.d is the only guest to perform on "You Hee-yeol's Sketchbook" as exclusive guests and the first K-pop group to be the featured legend on "". In 2013 the group was selected and featured in "Legend 100 – Artists", a Mnet documentary series highlighting 100 legendary Korean artists (both solo artists and groups) active from 1933 to 2002 selected by a panel of fifty professors, music critics and other music professionals for their contributions and achievements. According to a 2016 poll conducted by "The Dong-a Ilbo" in which thirty music industry experts and nearly 2,000 citizens voted for the top 15 greatest male K-pop idol groups of the past twenty years, g.o.d was ranked third by the public and fifth by the panel of experts. Of the inactive or disbanded first-generation groups, g.o.d was the first to make a comeback and still attain success in a highly saturated market in spite of a nearly decade-long hiatus, which commentators have attributed to the overall increased interest in music and games popular during the 1980s and 1990s as well as the fact that the basis of their popularity had been centered on their vocal abilities and the lyrical content of their songs.


title: G.o.d

text: In contrast to the industry norm for group and all members' individual contracts to be managed by a single company, g.o.d's contractual arrangement was considered groundbreaking for its time as the contracts of the group and each individual member were managed by two different companies. They were managed by and the trademark of their group name is still owned by EBM (now SidusHQ), but individual contracts were managed separately: the individual contracts of the original four members (Park Joon-hyung, Yoon Kye-sang, Danny Ahn and Son Ho-young) were initially managed by SidusHQ while Kim Tae-woo was managed by Park Jin-young's label and agency JYP Entertainment. It would set a precedent in the K-pop industry as this arrangement allowed long-running group Shinhwa to continue group activities after leaving S.M. Entertainment and for g.o.d and fellow first-generation idol group Sechs Kies to recommence group activities after a number of years despite all members being managed by different companies and agencies.


title: G.o.d

text: At the time of its release, "To Mother" (어머님께) was the most requested track on radio stations. Other songs, such as "One Candle" (촛불하나), "Love and Remember" (사랑해 그리고 기억해), "Lies" (거짓말) and "Road" (길) are considered "indisputable K-pop classics recognized and enjoyed by Koreans of all ages" and regularly covered on singing competitions and music variety shows. "Sorrow" (애수), from the second album, was featured in the "Pump It Up" video game series. Their songs have been used as background music on various television dramas and variety shows, including tvN's "Reply 1994", KBS's "Drama Special" and "The Return of Superman" and many others.


title: Cheap Thrills (Big Brother and the Holding Company album)

text: Cheap Thrills is the second studio album by American rock band Big Brother and the Holding Company. It was their last album with Janis Joplin as lead singer before she started a solo career. For "Cheap Thrills", the band and producer John Simon incorporated recordings of crowd noise to give the impression of a live album, for which it was subsequently mistaken by listeners. Only "Ball and Chain" was actually recorded in concert at Winterland Ballroom.


text: Big Brother obtained a considerable amount of attention after their 1967 performance at the Monterey Pop Festival and had released their debut album soon after. The followup, "Cheap Thrills", was a great success, reaching number one on the charts for eight nonconsecutive weeks in 1968. Columbia Records offered the band a new recording contract, but it took months to get through since they were still signed to Mainstream Records. The album features three cover songs ("Summertime", "Piece of My Heart" and "Ball and Chain"). The album also features Bill Graham, who introduces the band at the beginning of "Combination of the Two". The album's overall raw sound effectively captures the band's energetic and lively concerts. The LP was released in both stereo and mono formats with the original monophonic pressing now a rare collector's item. The album had been considered for quadraphonic format in the early '70s and eventually in 2002, was released as a Multichannel Sony SACD. The original quadraphonic mix remains unreleased.


text: The cover was drawn by underground cartoonist Robert Crumb after the band's original cover idea, a photo of the group naked in bed together, was vetoed by Columbia Records. Crumb had originally intended his art for the LP back cover, with a portrait of Janis Joplin to grace the front. But Joplin—an avid fan of underground comics, especially the work of Crumb—so loved the Cheap Thrills illustration that she demanded Columbia place it on the front cover. It is number nine on "Rolling Stone"s list of 100 greatest album covers. Crumb later authorized the sale of prints of the cover, some of which he signed before sale.


text: In an interview for the AIGA, Columbia Records art director John Berg told design professor Paul Nini, "[Janis] Joplin commissioned it, and she delivered Cheap Thrills to me personally in the office. There were no changes with R. Crumb. He refused to be paid, saying, 'I don't want Columbia's filthy lucre.'"


text: In at least one early edition, the words "HARRY KIRSHNER! (D. GETZ)" are faintly visible in the word balloon of the turbaned man, apparently referring to a track that was dropped from the final sequence. The words "ART: R. CRUMB" replace them.


text: Initially, the album was to be called "Sex, Dope and Cheap Thrills", but the title was not received well by Columbia Records.


text: "Cheap Thrills" was released in the summer of 1968, one year after Big Brother's debut album, and reached number one on the Billboard charts in its eighth week in October. It kept the top spot for eight (nonconsecutive) weeks, while the single "Piece of My Heart" also became a huge hit. By the end of the year, it was the most successful album of 1968, having sold nearly a million copies. The success was short-lived, however, as Joplin left the group for a solo career in December 1968.


text: Outtakes originally to have appeared on the album have since been released on Janis Joplin compilations such as "Farewell Song" (in which Big Brother's original instruments were replaced with studio musicians from 1983, angering the band) and the "Janis" compilation box set featuring all original studio songs and live recordings. The 1999 re-release of "Cheap Thrills" features the outtakes "Flower in the Sun" and "Roadblock" as well as live performances of "Magic of Love" and "Catch Me Daddy" as bonus material. In 2018, Columbia released "Sex, Dope & Cheap Thrills", an album of outtakes, etc., from the "Cheap Thrills" sessions.


text: In a contemporary review, "Rolling Stone" magazine's John Hardin panned "Cheap Thrills" as living up to its title and being merely satisfactory: "What this record is not is 1) a well-produced, good rock and roll recording; 2) Janis Joplin at her highest and most intense moments; and 3) better than the Mainstream record issued last year."


text: Robert Christgau was more enthusiastic in his column for "Esquire" and called it Big Brother's "first physically respectable effort", as it "not only gets Janis's voice down, it also does justice to her always-underrated and ever-improving musicians." He named it the third best album of 1968 in his ballot for "Jazz & Pop" magazine's critics poll.


text: In a retrospective review penned in the 2000s, AllMusic's William Ruhlmann hailed "Cheap Thrills" as Joplin's "greatest moment" and said it sounds like "a musical time capsule [today] and remains a showcase for one of rock's most distinctive singers."


text: Marc Weingarten of "Entertainment Weekly" called it the peak of blues-rock, while Paul Evans wrote in "The Rolling Stone Album Guide" (2004) that the record epitomizes acid rock "in all its messy, pseudo-psychedelic glory". "Cheap Thrills" was ranked number 338 on "Rolling Stone" magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time, and later ranked number 372 in the 2020 edition. The magazine previously ranked it #50 on their "Top 100 Albums of the Past 20 Years" list in 1987. It is also listed in the book "1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die". On March 22, 2013, the album was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the Library of Congress and thus it was preserved into the National Recording Registry for the 2012 register. The album was named the 163rd best album of the 1960s by "Pitchfork".


title: Leo G. Carroll

text: Leo Gratten Carroll (25 October 1886 – 16 October 1972) was an English actor. In a career of more than forty years, he appeared in six Hitchcock films including "Spellbound", "Strangers on a Train" and "North by Northwest" and in three television series, "Topper", "Going My Way", and "The Man from U.N.C.L.E.".


title: Leo G. Carroll

text: Carroll was born in Weedon Bec, Northamptonshire, to William and Catherine Carroll. His Roman Catholic parents named him after then-Pope Leo XIII. In 1897, his family lived in York, where his Irish-born father was a foreman in an ordnance store. In the 1901 census for West Ham, Essex, his occupation is listed as "wine trade clerk". In the 1911 census, he is living at the same address and described as a "dramatic agent".


title: Leo G. Carroll

text: Carroll made his stage debut in 1912. His acting career was on hold during the First World War, when he served in the British Army. He then performed in London and on Broadway. His American stage debut came in "The Vortex". In 1933, he was a member of the Manhattan Theatre Repertory Company in the inaugural season of the Ogunquit Playhouse in Ogunquit, Maine.


title: Leo G. Carroll

text: During 1933–34 Carroll had the role of "impeccable valet" Trump in the Broadway play "The Green Bay Tree" (which has no relation to the novel by Louis Bromfield apart from the shared title), and in 1941 starred with Vincent Price and Judith Evelyn in Patrick Hamilton's "Angel Street" (better known as "Gaslight"), which ran for three years at the Golden Theatre on West 45th Street in New York City.


title: Leo G. Carroll

text: After the production closed, he starred in the title role in John P. Marquand's "The Late George Apley". In 1947 he starred in John Van Druten's "The Druid Circle" at the Morosco Theatre.


title: Leo G. Carroll

text: Carroll, who had moved to Hollywood, made his film debut in "Sadie McKee" (1934). He often played doctors or butlers, but he made appearances as Marley's ghost in "A Christmas Carol" (1938) and as Joseph in "Wuthering Heights" (1939). In the original version of "Father of the Bride" (1950), he played an unctuous wedding caterer. In the 1951 film "" he played a sympathetic German field marshal, Gerd von Rundstedt, presenting him as a tragic, resigned figure completely disillusioned with Hitler.


title: Leo G. Carroll

text: Carroll is perhaps best known for his roles in six Alfred Hitchcock films: "Rebecca" (1940), "Suspicion" (1941), "Spellbound" (1945), "The Paradine Case" (1947), "Strangers on a Train" (1951) and "North by Northwest" (1959). He appeared in more Hitchcock films than anyone other than Clare Greet (1871–1939) (who appeared in seven) and Hitchcock himself, whose cameos were a trademark. As with earlier roles, he was often cast as doctors or other authority figures (such as the spymaster "Professor" in "North by Northwest"). He also appeared in a couple of Charlie Chan films, one being "City of Darkness" (1939) as a shady French locksmith, followed by a role in


title: Leo G. Carroll

text: Carroll also had a central role in the highly rated movie "We're No Angels" with Humphrey Bogart, Peter Ustinov and Basil Rathbone, among others.


title: Leo G. Carroll

text: In addition to appearing as Rev. Mosby with actress Hayley Mills in "The Parent Trap" (1961), Carroll is remembered for his role as the frustrated banker haunted by the ghosts of George and Marion Kerby in the television series "Topper" (1953–1956), with co-stars Anne Jeffreys, Robert Sterling and Lee Patrick. He appeared as the older Father Fitzgibbon from 1962 to 1963 in ABC's "Going My Way", a series about two Roman Catholic priests at St. Dominic's parish in New York City. In 1963–1964, he portrayed John Miller in "Channing" on ABC. Carroll subsequently starred as spymaster Alexander Waverly on "The Man from U.N.C.L.E." (1964–1968). Several "U.N.C.L.E." films were derived from the series, and a spin-off television series, "The Girl from U.N.C.L.E." in 1966. He was one of the first actors to appear in two different television series as the same character. Leo G. Carroll is mentioned in "The Rocky Horror Show" opening song "Science Fiction/Double Feature".


title: Leo G. Carroll

text: He appeared in spots on the first two regular episodes of "Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In", the series that replaced U.N.C.L.E., and in fact appears as Mr. Waverly in the very first episode party scene where he is seen using a pen communicator to call Kuryakin to report that he believes he has found THRUSH headquarters.


title: Leo G. Carroll

text: In 1972, Carroll died in Hollywood of cancer-induced pneumonia. He is interred at the Grand View Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California.


title: Leo G. Carroll

text: Carroll was posthumously referenced in the lyrics of "Science Fiction/Double Feature", the opening song of the musical stage production "The Rocky Horror Show" and its 1975 film adaptation. The song refers to Carroll in connection with his role in the film "Tarantula".


title: Wine gum

text: Wine gums (or winegums) are chewy, firm pastille-type sweets similar to gumdrops without the sugar coating, originating from the United Kingdom. All brands have their own recipes containing various sweeteners, flavourings, and colourings. Wine gums are popular in the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Ireland, South Africa and many Commonwealth nations, as well as several European countries. Common brands include Maynards, Bassett's and Lion.


title: Wine gum

text: The gums usually come in five shapes: kidney, crown, rhombus, circle and oblong, and are usually labelled with the name of a wine: for example, "Maynards" use port, sherry, champagne, burgundy, and claret; other manufacturers may prefer different names such as rioja, merlot or rum. Despite the name, they usually contain no alcohol. Depending on local laws or manufacturer's practices, packages may bear a specific statement that the sweets "contain no wine."


title: Wine gum

text: Charles Riley Maynard started his business in 1880 by producing confections in a kitchen with his brother Tom in Stamford Hill, London, while his wife Sarah Ann served the customers. Maynards sweets grew steadily and was launched as a company in 1896. Maynards Wine Gums were introduced in 1909 by Maynard's son Charles Gordon Maynard. It took Charles Gordon Maynard some time to persuade his strict Methodist and teetotaller father that the sweets did not contain wine, after which the father accepted that the sweet was to be marketed as an alternative to alcohol.


title: Wine gum

text: According to Cadbury, red and black are the most popular colours. The red flavours are traditionally red berry, strawberry, or raspberry-flavoured in the United Kingdom and cherry in the United States. Black is traditionally blackcurrant flavoured. Limited-edition dark-only wine gum issues have occurred, and in 2010, a limited "fruit duos" edition was produced with two colours and flavours on each gum.


title: Luiz Adriano

text: Luiz Adriano de Souza da Silva (born 12 April 1987), or simply Luiz Adriano (), is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Süper Lig club Antalyaspor.


title: Luiz Adriano

text: Born in Porto Alegre, he began his career at hometown club Internacional before joining Shakhtar Donetsk in 2007 for €3 million. He became an integral member of the Ukrainian club, becoming the all-time leading goalscorer for Shakhtar in October 2014 and receiving his first call-up to the Brazil national team the same month.


title: Luiz Adriano

text: Luiz Adriano caught the eye of European clubs with his performances for Internacional in December 2006 at the FIFA Club World Cup. He notably scored the deciding goal for Internacional in their 2–1 win over Al Ahly during the semi-final round of the competition. In the final against European champions Barcelona, Luiz Adriano came on as a late substitute and played a vital role in Adriano Gabiru's 82nd-minute winner.


title: Luiz Adriano

text: Luiz Adriano was transferred to Ukrainian side Shakhtar Donetsk on 2 March 2007 for a reported €3 million transfer fee (R$8,128,830). On 19 March 2007, he made his debut in the Ukrainian Premier League against city rivals Metalurh Donetsk, at the age of 19 years 11 months and 7 days. It took almost one year, however, for Luiz Adriano to score his first goal for the club, netting in the 94th minute of a 4–1 win over Metalist Kharkiv on 15 March 2008.


title: Luiz Adriano

text: On 28 August 2008, Adriano scored his first goal in Europe, netting his side's opening goal in their 3–1 second-leg victory over Dinamo Zagreb to secure a place in the group stage of the UEFA Champions League. He scored the opening goal of the 2009 UEFA Cup Final which Shakhtar won 2–1 over Werder Bremen after extra time.


title: Luiz Adriano

text: On 16 February 2011, Luiz Adriano scored the winning goal against Roma in a 3–2 away victory during the first leg of the Champions League round of 16. On 7 May 2011, he scored his 50th Shakhtar goal in a 2–0 league win over Metalurh Donetsk.


title: Luiz Adriano

text: On 10 July 2012, Luiz Adriano opened the score in the 2012 Ukrainian Super Cup against cup holders Metalurh Donetsk to help Shakhtar claim the trophy after a 2–0 victory. He netted his first goal of the 2012–13 Premier League season in a 3–0 victory over Karpaty Lviv. He scored the last goal in a 3–1 victory over Dynamo Kyiv on 2 September. He scored the third goal in a 3–0 victory over Zorya Luhansk on 15 September, with an assist from compatriot Willian.


title: Luiz Adriano

text: On 20 November 2012, playing against Danish team Nordsjælland in the Champions League, Luiz Adriano scored a controversial 1–1 equalizer. After an injury to a Nordsjælland player led to a dropped-ball, Willian attempted to return it to the Nordsjaelland goalkeeper, but Luiz Adriano pounced on the pass, rounded the goalkeeper and finished into an empty net. This led to heavy protests from the Danish players and the crowd. UEFA opened a disciplinary case against Luiz Adriano, later banning him for one game for unsporting behaviour. Shakhtar released a statement backing the UEFA decision and stated that they were deeply disappointed by the player's actions.


title: Luiz Adriano

text: Luiz Adriano made his season debut against Chornomorets Odesa in the Ukrainian Super Cup as Shakhtar won 3–1, but the striker failed to get on the scoresheet. He opened his account for the season in Shakhtar's first Ukrainian Premier League fixture, scoring his side's second in the final minute of normal time in a 2–0 victory over Hoverla Uzhhorod on 14 July 2013. He scored once as Shakhtar defeated Real Sociedad 4–0 in their penultimate group match of the Champions League on 27 November 2013. He scored the game's only goal in Shakhtar's next match, a league victory over Chornomorets.


title: Luiz Adriano

text: Luiz Adriano scored both of his side's goals in their 2–0 win over Dynamo Kyiv in the Ukrainian derby on 16 April 2014. In Shakhtar's following Premier League match, against city-rivals Metalurh, Luiz Adriano scored the game-winning goal as Shakhtar came from a goal down to win 2–1. On 11 May, Luiz Adriano scored twice as Shakhtar clinched their fifth consecutive league title with a 3–1 win over Zorya Luhansk. In the final league match of the season on 18 May, Luiz Adriano scored both goals as Shakhtar defeated Volyn Lutsk 2–0 to finish as the leading goal-scorer with 20 strikes.


title: Luiz Adriano

text: On 30 September 2014, Luiz Adriano put Shakhtar ahead 2–0 with less than five minutes to play against Porto, but the Ukrainian champions relinquished the win as two goals in the final minutes from Jackson Martínez ensured a 2–2 draw. On 17 October, Luiz Adriano scored in either half and provided an assist for Alex Teixeira as Shakhtar defeated Volyn Lutsk 6–2.


title: Luiz Adriano

text: On 21 October, playing against Belarusian team BATE Borisov in the Champions League, Luiz Adriano scored five goals, becoming the second player – after Lionel Messi – to score five goals in a Champions League match. Adriano's hat-trick took 11 minutes, the third-fastest ever in the competition; he scored three goals in a seven-minute span, the quickest ever, and his four first-half goals were a record for a player in the competition. With his fourth and fifth goals of the match, he overcame Andriy Vorobey to become Shakhtar's all-time leading goalscorer with 117 goals. With his five goals, Adriano also established himself as Shakhtar's all-time leading goalscorer in Europe with 29 goals.


title: Luiz Adriano

text: In Shakhtar's next Champions League match, hosting BATE on 5 November, Luiz Adriano scored another hat-trick, starting with a 58th-minute penalty, as his team won 5–0. In doing so, he became the first-ever player to score back-to-back hat-tricks in the competition.


title: Luiz Adriano

text: In the 2014–15 Champions League group stage, Shakhtar finished second in its group, therefore qualifying for the knockout phase. In the six games played, Luiz Adriano equalled Messi's record of five goals in a Champions League match and equalled Cristiano Ronaldo's record of scoring nine goals in the group stage, prompting UEFA to name him the best player of the season's Champions League group stage phase.


title: Luiz Adriano

text: On 2 July 2015, Luiz Adriano signed for Milan on a five-year deal for a transfer fee of €8 million. Milan, however, also paid an additional €6 million to unknown parties. He made his debut on 17 August in the third round of the Coppa Italia, scoring the second goal of a 2–0 win over Perugia at the San Siro. He scored his first goal in Serie A on 29 August 2015 in a 2–1 home win against Empoli. In January 2016, Milan agreed an offer from Chinese Super League side Jiangsu Suning to sell Luiz Adriano for a reported fee of €14 million. The deal, however, could not be completed after Luiz Adriano and Jiangsu Suning failed to agree on personal terms during negotiations.


title: Luiz Adriano

text: Luiz Adriano won back-to-back Copa Libertadores titles in 2020 and 2021 with Palmeiras, beating Santos and Flamengo respectively.


title: Luiz Adriano

text: Luiz Adriano was transferred to Antalyaspor on 4 February 2022 and signed a one-and-a-half-year contract.


title: Luiz Adriano

text: In March 2013, Luiz Adriano indicated that he would be likely to accept a call-up for Ukraine national team if asked. He did not, however, have a Ukrainian passport when he was representing Brazil youth team, which made him ineligible to countries other than Brazil (or his ancestral countries).


title: Luiz Adriano

text: On 23 October 2014, Luiz Adriano was called up to the Brazil national team for the first time for friendlies against Turkey and Austria in November. He debuted on 12 November against Turkey, playing 73 minutes of a 4–0 win before being replaced by fellow debutant Roberto Firmino.


title: Luiz Adriano

text: Although he is capable of playing in other offensive positions, Luiz Adriano usually plays as a main striker, and is known for his technique, consistency, and composure in front of goal. A quick player who can score with both feet, he is also capable of using his physique to hold up the ball with his back to goal in order to bring his teammates into play. He is also known for his positional sense and ability to play off the last defender and make attacking runs to beat the offside trap.


title: Luiz Adriano

text: According to Luiz Adriano's former coach Mircea Lucescu at Shakhtar, "He is one of those players, who rarely gets injured. He is a powerful footballer; he plays great in the air. Despite the fact that he is not tall, Adriano plays as if his height is about two meters! He fights for the ball in the penalty area, always looking for opportunities to net a goal. He is a proper striker."


title: Luiz Adriano

text: Luiz Adriano's father worked as a security guard at a chemical plant, and his mother was a housewife. His parents are divorced. He has two brothers, Murillo, who is also a footballer, and Fabiano, and two sisters, Patricia and Caroline. His childhood idols include Romário and Ronaldo. He has four tattoos, one on his hand, one on his back, one on his arm and one on his neck.


title: Radiation protection

text: Radiation protection, also known as radiological protection, is defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as "The protection of people from harmful effects of exposure to ionizing radiation, and the means for achieving this". Exposure can be from a source of radiation external to the human body or due to internal irradiation caused by the ingestion of radioactive contamination.


title: Radiation protection

text: Ionizing radiation is widely used in industry and medicine, and can present a significant health hazard by causing microscopic damage to living tissue. There are two main categories of ionizing radiation health effects. At high exposures, it can cause "tissue" effects, also called "deterministic" effects due to the certainty of them happening, conventionally indicated by the unit gray and resulting in acute radiation syndrome. For low level exposures there can be statistically elevated risks of radiation-induced cancer, called "stochastic effects" due to the uncertainty of them happening, conventionally indicated by the unit sievert.


title: Radiation protection

text: Fundamental to radiation protection is the avoidance or reduction of dose using the simple protective measures of time, distance and shielding. The duration of exposure should be limited to that necessary, the distance from the source of radiation should be maximised, and the source or the target shielded wherever possible. To measure personal dose uptake in occupational or emergency exposure, for external radiation personal dosimeters are used, and for internal dose to due to ingestion of radioactive contamination, bioassay techniques are applied.


title: Radiation protection

text: For radiation protection and dosimetry assessment the International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP) and International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) publish recommendations and data which is used to calculate the biological effects on the human body of certain levels of radiation, and thereby advise acceptable dose uptake limits.


title: Radiation protection

text: The ICRP recommends, develops and maintains the International System of Radiological Protection, based on evaluation of the large body of scientific studies available to equate risk to received dose levels. The system's health objectives are "to manage and control exposures to ionising radiation so that deterministic effects are prevented, and the risks of stochastic effects are reduced to the extent reasonably achievable".


title: Radiation protection

text: The ICRP's recommendations flow down to national and regional regulators, which have the opportunity to incorporate them into their own law; this process is shown in the accompanying block diagram. In most countries a national regulatory authority works towards ensuring a secure radiation environment in society by setting dose limitation requirements that are generally based on the recommendations of the ICRP.


title: Radiation protection

text: There are three factors that control the amount, or dose, of radiation received from a source. Radiation exposure can be managed by a combination of these factors:


title: Radiation protection

text: Internal dose, due to the inhalation or ingestion of radioactive substances, can result in stochastic or deterministic effects, depending on the amount of radioactive material ingested and other biokinetic factors.


title: Radiation protection

text: The risk from a low level internal source is represented by the dose quantity committed dose, which has the same risk as the same amount of external effective dose.


title: Radiation protection

text: The occupational hazards from airborne radioactive particles in nuclear and radio-chemical applications are greatly reduced by the extensive use of gloveboxes to contain such material. To protect against breathing in radioactive particles in ambient air, respirators with particulate filters are worn.


title: Radiation protection

text: To monitor the concentration of radioactive particles in ambient air, radioactive particulate monitoring instruments measure the concentration or presence of airborne materials.


title: Radiation protection

text: For ingested radioactive materials in food and drink, specialist laboratory radiometric assay methods are used to measure the concentration of such materials.


title: Radiation protection

text: The ICRP recommends a number of limits for dose uptake in table 8 of ICRP report 103. These limits are "situational", for planned, emergency and existing situations. Within these situations, limits are given for certain exposed groups;


title: Radiation protection

text: The public information dose chart of the USA Department of Energy, shown here on the right, applies to USA regulation, which is based on ICRP recommendations. Note that examples in lines 1 to 4 have a scale of dose rate (radiation per unit time), whilst 5 and 6 have a scale of total accumulated dose.