title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: For 29 seasons, Robert Zuppke served as Illinois' head football coach. During his tenure, Illinois' fan attendance at home games skyrocketed from an average of 4,500 to 60,000. Under Zuppke's leadership, the Fighting Illini posted undefeated seasons in 1914, 1915, 1923 and 1927. In 1914, the Fighting Illini compiled a 7–0 record (6–0 against Western Conference opponents), claimed a national championship, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 224–22. The team was retroactively selected as the national champion for 1914 by the Billingsley Report and as a co-national champion with Army by Parke H. Davis. End Perry Graves and guard Ralph Chapman were consensus All-Americans. Chapman was the team captain. In 1915, the Illini compiled a 5–0–2 record and finished as co-champions of the Western Conference. Center John W. Watson was the team captain. In 1923, the Fighting Illini compiled an 8–0 record (5–0 against Big Ten Conference opponents) and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 136–20. The team was selected retroactively as the national champion by the Boand System, College Football Researchers Association, Helms Athletic Foundation, and Parke H. Davis, and as a co-national champion by the Berryman QPRS system, National Championship Foundation, and Jeff Sagarin (using the ELO-Chess methodology). Guard Jim McMillen and halfback Red Grange were consensus All-Americans. McMillen was also the team captain.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: In 1927, the Fighting Illini compiled a 7–0–1 record (5–0 against Western Conference opponents) and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 152–24. The team was selected as the 1927 national champion by the Billingsley Report, Dickinson System, Helms Athletic Foundation, National Championship Foundation, and Parke H. Davis. Though the team had no consensus All-Americans and was known for its lack of prominent names, center Robert Reitsch and guard Russ Crane made a handful of first-team selections. Reitsch was also the team captain. Illinois struggled from 1930 to 1941, posting seven losing seasons and no conference championships. The Illini did finish 7–1 in 1934, however, this proved to be the last season of six or more wins during the Zuppke era. Zuppke retired from Illinois following a 2–6 campaign in 1941, leaving the Illini after compiling a 131–81–12 record.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: Illinois promoted assistant coach Ray Eliot to the position of head coach after Zuppke's retirement. Eliot would lead the Illini football program for 18 seasons, compiling an 83–73–11 record. In 1946, the Illini won the Big Ten Conference title and completed an 8–2 season with a 45–14 win over UCLA in the Rose Bowl. The team's captain was center Mac Wenskunas. Guard Alex Agase was voted the team's most valuable player and received the Chicago Tribune Silver Football as the Big Ten's most valuable player.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: In 1951, the Illini compiled a 9–0–1 record, finished in first place in the Big Ten Conference, was ranked No. 4 in the final AP Poll, and defeated Stanford 40–7 in the 1952 Rose Bowl. The lone setback was a scoreless tie with Ohio State. The team is the school's last national champion in football with a 40–7 rout of Stanford in what was the first nationally televised college football game. Additionally, Al Brosky had 8 interceptions that season bringing his career total to 30, an NCAA record that still stands today. His record included a DiMaggio-like streak of 16 consecutive games with an interception. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1998. Halfback Johnny Karras was a consensus first-team pick on the 1951 College Football All-America Team. Linebacker Chuck Boerio was selected as the team's most valuable player. In 1953, the Illini compiled a 7–1–1 record, finished in a tie for first place in the Big Ten Conference, and were ranked No. 7 in the final AP Poll. The sole defeat was a 34–7 loss to Wisconsin. Tackle Don Ernst was selected as the team's most valuable player. Sophomore halfback J. C. Caroline led the team with 1,256 rushing yards on 194 attempts (6.5 yards per carry) and was selected as a consensus first-team player on the 1953 College Football All-America Team. Guard John Bauer was selected by the Newspaper Enterprise Association as a third-team All-American. Following a 5–3–1 record in 1959, Eliot opted to retire as Illinois' head football coach.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: Illinois hired California head coach Pete Elliott as Eliot's replacement in 1960. With the Illini, his record was 31–34–1, earning a Big Ten title and Rose Bowl victory over Washington during the 1963 season. A few months after the end of the 1966 season in which the Illini finished 4–6, Elliott was forced to resign as head coach in the wake of a slush fund scandal in the athletic program.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: South Carolina assistant coach Jim Valek was hired as Elliott's replacement in 1967. Under Valek, the Illini compiled an 8–32 record, the worst of any Illini football head coach in decades. In 1967, the Illini compiled a 4–6 record and finished in a tie for fifth place in the Big Ten Conference. The team's offensive leaders were quarterback Dean Volkman with 1,005 passing yards, running back Rich Johnson with 768 rushing yards, and wide receiver John Wright with 698 receiving yards. End John K. Wright was selected as the team's most valuable player.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: In 1968, the Illini compiled a 1–9 record and finished in a tie for eighth place in the Big Ten Conference. The team's offensive leaders were quarterback Bob Naponic with 813 passing yards, running back Rich Johnson with 973 rushing yards, and wide receiver Doug Dieken with 223 receiving yards. Fullback Rich Johnson was selected as the team's most valuable player. In 1969, the Illini compiled a 0–10 record and finished in last place in the Big Ten Conference. The team's offensive leaders were quarterback Steve Livas with 705 passing yards, running back Dave Jackson with 465 rushing yards, and wide receiver Doug Dieken with 486 receiving yards. Dieken was selected as the team's most valuable player. Guard Doug Redmann was selected by the Newspaper Enterprise Association as a second-team player on the 1969 College Football All-America Team.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: In 1970, the Illini compiled a 3–7 record and finished in a tie for last place in the Big Ten Conference. The team's offensive leaders were quarterback Mike Wells with 906 passing yards, running back Darrell Robinson with 749 rushing yards, and wide receiver Doug Dieken with 537 receiving yards. Dieken was selected for the second consecutive year as the team's most valuable player. Illinois fired Valek after the 1970 season, citing the decline in the team's on-field performance.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: Coach Bob Blackman came to Illinois from Dartmouth, where he'd had a successful head coaching tenure spanning more than a decade, to turn the Illini football program around in 1971. Under Blackman, the Illini compiled a record of 29–36–1. In 1971, the Illini compiled a 5–6 record and finished in a three-way tie for third place in the Big Ten Conference. The team's offensive leaders were quarterback Mike Wells with 1,007 passing yards, running back John Wilson with 543 rushing yards, and wide receiver Garvin Roberson with 372 receiving yards. Punter/halfback Terry Masar was selected as the team's most valuable player.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: In 1972, the Illini compiled a 3–8 record and finished in a tie for sixth place in the Big Ten Conference. The team's offensive leaders were quarterback Mike Wells with 837 passing yards, running back George Uremovich with 611 rushing yards, and wide receiver Garvin Roberson with 569 receiving yards. Center Larry McCarren and defensive end Larry Allen were selected as the team's most valuable players. In 1973, the Illini compiled a 5–6 record and finished in a four-way tie for fourth place in the Big Ten Conference. The team's offensive leaders were quarterback Jeff Hollenbach with 916 passing yards, running back George Uremovich with 519 rushing yards, and wide receiver Garvin Roberson with 416 receiving yards. Halfback Eddie Jenkins and defensive end Octavus Morgan were selected as the team's most valuable players.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: In 1974, the Illini compiled a 6–4–1 record and finished in fifth place in the Big Ten, their first winning season since 1965. The team's offensive leaders were quarterback Jeff Hollenbach with 1,037 passing yards, running back Chubby Phillips with 772 rushing yards, and wide receiver Joe Smalzer with 525 receiving yards. Hollenbach and linebacker Tom Hicks were selected as the team's most valuable players. In 1975, the Illini compiled a 5–6 record and finished in a three-way tie for third place in the Big Ten Conference. The team's offensive leaders were quarterback Kurt Steger with 1,136 passing yards, running back Lonnie Perrin with 907 rushing yards, and wide receiver Frank Johnson with 349 receiving yards. Offensive tackle Stu Levenick and defensive back Bruce Beaman were selected as the team's most valuable players.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: In 1976, the Illini compiled a 5–6 record and finished in a four-way tie for third place in the Big Ten Conference. The team's offensive leaders were quarterback Kurt Steger with 1,243 passing yards, running back James Coleman with 687 rushing yards, and wide receiver Eric Rouse with 326 receiving yards. Offensive tackle Jerry Finis and linebacker Scott Studwell were selected as the team's most valuable players. Blackman was fired following the 1976 season, the administration again unhappy with the team's consistent mediocrity.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: Michigan defensive coordinator Gary Moeller was hired to replace Blackman in 1977. Under Moeller, the Illini continued to struggle, compiling a 6–24–3 record.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: In 1977, the Illini compiled a 3–8 record and finished in ninth place in the Big Ten Conference. The team's offensive leaders were quarterback Mike McCray with 418 passing yards, running back James Coleman with 715 rushing yards, and wide receiver Tom Schooley with 231 receiving yards. Coleman and linebacker John Sullivan were selected as the team's most valuable players. In 1978, the Illini compiled a 1–8–2 record and again finished in ninth place in the Big Ten Conference. The team's offensive leaders were quarterback Rich Weiss with 665 passing yards, running back Wayne Strader with 389 rushing yards, and wide receiver Jeff Barnes with 270 receiving yards. Linebacker John Sullivan and center Randy Taylor were selected as the team's most valuable players.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: In 1979, the Illini compiled a 2–8–1 record and, for the third season in a row, finished in ninth place in the Big Ten Conference. The team's offensive leaders were quarterback Lawrence McCullough with 1,254 passing yards, running back Mike Holmes with 792 rushing yards, and wide receiver John Lopez with 296 receiving yards. McCullough was selected as the team's most valuable player. Illinois fired Moeller after the 1979 season.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: San Francisco 49ers offensive line coach Mike White succeeded Moeller and brought moderate success to Illinois' football program, compiling a 47–41–3 record in his eight years.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: The Illini posted five consecutive winning seasons from 1981 to 1985, posting records of 7–4, 7–5, 10–2, 7–4 and 6–5–1. His best team was the 1983 unit, which won a school-record 10 games en route to Illinois' first conference title and bowl appearance in 20 years. The 1983 season ended with a loss to UCLA in the Rose Bowl. White departed as coach after 1987 due to recruiting violations.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: John Mackovic, head coach of the NFL's Kansas City Chiefs, was hired as the Fighting Illini's 20th head football coach in 1988.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: In 1988, the Illini compiled a 6–5–1 record, finished in third place in the Big Ten Conference, and lost to Florida in the 1988 All-American Bowl. The team's offensive leaders were quarterback Jeff George with 2,257 passing yards, running back Keith Jones with 1,108 rushing yards, and Steve Williams with 523 receiving yards. In 1989, the Illini finished 10–2, capping their season off with a win in the Florida Citrus Bowl.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: In 1990, the Illini compiled an 8–4 record, finished in a four-way tie for first place in the Big Ten Conference, were ranked No. 25 in the final AP Poll, and lost to Clemson in the 1991 Hall of Fame Bowl. The team's offensive leaders were quarterback Jason Verduzco with 2,567 passing yards, fullback Howard Griffith with 1,115 rushing yards, and Shawn Wax with 863 receiving yards.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: In a 56-21 victory against Southern Illinois University on September 22, 1990, Griffith set the NCAA record for touchdowns in a game with eight. In 1991, the Illini enjoyed another non-losing season, finishing 6–6 after losing in the 1991 John Hancock Bowl. Because he was able to turn around the Illini football program, Mackovic received interest from multiple schools regarding their head football coaching position. Mackovic elected to leave Illinois after the 1991 season to accept the head coaching position at Texas.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: Lou Tepper was promoted from defensive coordinator to head coach of the Illinois in 1992. Tepper was the first Illinois coach since Robert Zuppke to win or tie both of his first two meetings against Michigan. The 1992 game, a 22–22 tie, ended Michigan's 19-game conference winning streak.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: Tepper was involved in a series of controversial moves associated with the recruitment of blue-chip quarterback Chris Redman in 1994 and 1995. Redman stated that he had committed to Illinois based on the recruiting efforts of Illini offensive coordinator and former NFL Pro Bowl quarterback Greg Landry. Tepper ignited a controversy when he unexpectedly fired Landry the day after Redman signed his letter of commitment. Tepper denied any attempt to deceive Redman about Landry's future at Illinois and eventually released Redman from his commitment. It would later emerge that Landry had allegedly been soliciting an NFL job behind Tepper's back. The departures of Landry and Redman and the manner in which they left had damaged Tepper's reputation among fans and media. The NCAA decided to void the LOC based on the unusual circumstances, allowing Redman five full years of eligibility and no transfer restrictions. Tepper hired former Ball State head coach and veteran Big Ten assistant Paul Schudel as Landry's replacement. The hiring of Schudel marked the fourth time in six years that the Illini had made a change at offensive coordinator.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: Despite Tepper's abilities as a defensive coach, he only put together only two winning seasons in his six years in Champaign. His teams were unable to match the moderate success the Illini had enjoyed under Mackovic and Mike White, and the Illini got progressively worse over his tenure. They placed fourth in the Big Ten Conference in Tepper's first full season, 1992, and finished in fourth, fifth, seventh, and ninth in his remaining years. Tepper was fired after the 1996 season, when the Illini went 2–9 with a 1–7 conference record. In spite of the negative press however, over Tepper's record at Illinois, no subsequent Illini football head coach has matched Tepper's winning percentage (.456 overall, .461 conference).


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: Chicago Bears offensive coordinator Ron Turner was hired in 1997 to replace Tepper. 1997 saw Illinois go 0–11, the worst season in program history. In 1998, the team again posted a losing record, although it was a 3–8 campaign that bettered the previous year's mark by three games. The '98 campaign was followed by a winning 8–4 season in 1999, which was capped off by a dominant win over Virginia in the MicronPC Bowl.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: After a disappointing 2000 season in which the Illini finished 5–6, the Illini finished 10–2 (7–1 conference) behind the arm of quarterback Kurt Kittner in 2001, winning the Big Ten championship. The Illini accepted a berth in the Sugar Bowl, which they lost to LSU, coached by Nick Saban, by a score of 47-34. From 2002 to 2004, the Illini's struggles once again returned, as Turner's teams posted a 5–7 record in 2002, which was followed by a 1–11 campaign in 2003 and a 3–8 mark in 2004. Illinois fired Turner after the 2004 season.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: In 2005, former Florida head coach Ron Zook was hired to replace Turner as head coach. In Zook's inaugural season of 2005, Illinois finished with an overall record of 2–9, and a record of 0–8 in Big Ten games. Despite his team's past struggles, Zook improved the ability of Illinois to recruit top football talent. According to one source, the 2006 recruiting class was one of the 30 best in college football. Despite this, they finished the 2006 season 1–7 in the conference and 2–10 overall. While the record did not improve, the play on the field did as the Illini nearly upset top ranked Ohio State. Additionally, the Illini played well against Iowa, Wisconsin, and Penn State but ended up losing close games (they were down 15–12 at Penn State until Penn State broke open the close game to make it 26–12). The 2006 recruiting class included Isiah "Juice" Williams of Chicago Vocational High School, considered to be one of the top quarterback recruits in the country. In late 2006, Zook signed Arrelious Benn, one of the top wide receiver prospects in the 2007 class. More recently, Zook also won over Simeon High School standout Martez Wilson along with Florida prospect D'Angelo McCray. This class was one of Illinois' best in recent memory, being rated within the top 25 nationally by some experts.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: Zook's recruiting success finally began to pay dividends during the 2007 season. After losing a close game on neutral turf to a Missouri squad, the Illini ran off five straight wins, including back-to-back home wins over Penn State and Wisconsin. Illinois' 5–1 start gave them a No. 18 ranking in the AP Poll. This was Illinois' first ranking in the AP Poll since the end of the 2001 season. A homecoming win over Ball State gave the Illini bowl eligibility and a blowout win at Minnesota all but assured Zook's first bowl appearance as coach of the Illini. On November 10, the then-unranked Illini defeated No. 1-ranked Ohio State in Columbus. The Illini finished the 2007 regular season by defeating Northwestern to finish 9–3 overall, 6–2 in the Big Ten. Because Big Ten champion Ohio State football played in the BCS National Championship game, Illinois received a bid to play in the Rose Bowl as the second ranked team in the Big Ten. Their improvement of 7 wins over the 2006 season was the largest such increase of any Division I team. His success earned Zook a contract extension in October 2007, which paid him approximately $1.5 million through the 2013 season. Zook's success on the recruiting trail continued as well, with Illinois having the No. 17 recruiting class in 2008 according to rivals.com. On November 20, 2007, Ron Zook was selected as the Big Ten Coach of the Year. Zook also was awarded the Liberty Mutual Coach of the Year Award following the 2007 season. After making the 2008 Rose Bowl, Illinois was squashed, 49–17, by the USC Trojans, putting a bit of a damper on an otherwise great season.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: Expectations were high for 2008, but Illinois didn't live up to those expectations early on, as they lost to Missouri, 52–42, in their season opener and to Penn State, 38–24. The 2008 Fighting Illini ended up with a 5-7 record (3-5 in conference games) and finishing tied for 6th in the Big Ten. Despite a very disappointing 2008 season, Zook's 2009 Fighting Illini team received AP Poll votes. As they had the previous two years, Illinois started off the season with a loss to Missouri, but this time, the result was far more lopsided than the previous affairs; Missouri won 39–7. Illinois beat Illinois State but then suffered an embarrassing 30–0 shutout at the hands of Ohio State. Illinois lost their next four games by 10 points or more (including a 27–14 loss to Indiana, which was the Hoosiers' only Big Ten win of the season), sinking to 1–6 overall. Zook's team then put together a stunning blowout of the Michigan Wolverines in Memorial Stadium, and followed it up with a 35–32 upset of Minnesota the very next week. After back-to-back wins, the Illini lost their last 3 games to finish the year off at 3-9 (2-6 in Big Ten Play). At the end of the 2009 season, offensive coordinator Mike Schultz was released from his contract, and co-defensive coordinators Dan Disch and Curt Mallory were demoted to position coaches. Illinois hired Paul Petrino as offensive coordinator, and Vic Koenning as defensive coordinator.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: After back-to-back disappointing years, the Illini had almost no pre-season expectations entering 2010. Juice Williams and Arrelious Benn were no longer on the team. However, running back Mikel Leshoure was, and he proved to be an invaluable asset on offense, where Illinois started freshman Nathan Scheelhaase at quarterback. They started off 2010 by losing to Missouri for the fourth consecutive year. After the early loss, Illinois defeated Southern Illinois, 35–3, and Northern Illinois, 28–22. While the Fighting Illini lost to Ohio State in their Big Ten opener, they gave the Buckeyes a scare, knocking out quarterback Terrelle Pryor and holding the Buckeye passing offense almost entirely in check. Illinois then traveled to State College to take on the Nittany Lions, and Illinois had never won in Beaver Stadium prior to 2010. Illinois handed Penn State a stunning 33–13 loss on homecoming. They went on to win the Texas Bowl in a blowout against Baylor.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: As the 2011 season begun, the Illini were picked by most experts to finish near the bottom of the newly formed Leaders Division. However, Illinois got off to one of their best starts in history by winning their first six games. After taking care of Arkansas State, 33–15, and blasting South Dakota State, 56–3, the Fighting Illini won a trio of home games by a margin of a field goal over 22nd-ranked Arizona State (17–14), Western Michigan (23–20), and Northwestern (38–35) in a game in which Illinois rallied from a 28–10 deficit in the second half. After defeating Indiana, 41–20, in Illinois' first road game of the season, the Illini were 6–0 for the first time since 1951 and they climbed to 15th in the Coaches' Poll and 16th in the AP Poll. However, the Illini lost, 17–7, to Ohio State and the season seemed headed towards a downward spiral as Illinois lost a pair of close road games at Purdue (21–14) and Penn State (10–7). Illinois returned home and lost to Michigan, 31–14. On the Tuesday before the Wisconsin game, Zook opened his weekly press conference by warning the reporters not to ask questions about his job status. When reporter Shannon Ryan of the "Chicago Tribune" asked Zook if he had talked to his players about the rumors pertaining to his future, he walked out of the press conference. The Illini went on to lose to Wisconsin and a 27–7 loss to Minnesota. With that loss, Illinois became the first team in NCAA Division I FBS history to start a season 6–0, and end it at 6–6. Zook was fired on November 27, 2011. His final record at Illinois was 34–51. The Illini did receive a bowl invitation and they defeated UCLA in the Kraft Fight Hunger Bowl. It was first time in school history that the football team won back-to-back bowl games.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: At Illinois, Beckman went 12–25 in three seasons, and only won four games in Big Ten play. In his third season, the Illini managed to qualify for a bowl with a 6–6 record, but lost 35–18 to Louisiana Tech in the Heart of Dallas Bowl.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: On August 28, 2015—just a week before what was to be his fourth season—Beckman was fired after the preliminary results of an internal investigation substantiated accusations of gross player mistreatment. Most seriously, the investigation found that he'd forced players to play through serious injuries and had the medical staff clear these players too soon. In a statement, Beckman called his ouster a "rush to judgment" that violated the terms of his contract, and stated that he intended to "vigorously defend both my reputation and my legal rights." On April 11, 2016, Beckman settled with the university for a one time payment of $250,000 with the decision of firing "for cause" due to the mistreatment of players standing.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: On August 28, 2015, Illini offensive coordinator and former Western Michigan head coach Bill Cubit was named head coach at Illinois for the 2015 season after the university fired Tim Beckman for alleged mistreatment of players. On November 28, 2015, Illinois formally named Cubit as its 24th head coach, giving him a two-year, $2.4 million contract.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: On March 5, 2016, the school announced that Cubit had been relieved of his duties. Illinois director of athletics Josh Whitman stated, "I appreciate the leadership that Bill Cubit provided our football program during what has been, unquestionably, a very tumultuous time...Through his efforts, he has kept the program moving forward. Bill is a good man and a good football coach...At this juncture, however, I think it is most important that we position our program for long-term success by creating a more stable environment for the coaches, players, and prospective student-athletes."


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: On March 7, 2016, former head coach of the NFL's Chicago Bears and Tampa Bay Buccaneers Lovie Smith was named Fighting Illini head coach, agreeing to a contract paying $21 million over six years. After five years without a winning record, the hiring of a leader who had taken a professional football team to the Super Bowl invigorated fans and students. Smith's first team posted a 3–9 record.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: Smith's second season saw a youth-movement with 10 true freshman starting by the third game of the season, the most in program history. Illinois also played 18 true freshman student athletes overall, tied for the second most in the nation, and posted records of 2–10 overall and 0–9 in Big Ten games. The 2018 Illini improved on their record from the previous year, going 4–8 overall and 2–7 in conference games during Smith's third season. The 2019 team finished the season 6–7 with a loss in the 2019 Redbox Bowl. It was the first bowl game for the University of Illinois football team since 2014. Smith started the season with a 2–5 record and was fired on December 13, 2020. He finished with an overall record of 17–39 in five seasons at Illinois, including a 10–33 record in Big Ten Conference play.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: On December 19, 2020, Bret Bielema was named as the 26th Fighting Illini Head Football Coach. Bielema led Illinois to a 5-7 record in his first year with the Fighting Illini in 2021, including road wins that gained national notoriety over #7 Penn State and #20 Minnesota to give Bielema more AP/CFP ranked wins than any other first-year coach in Illinois history. The Illini won at #7 Penn State, 20-18, in nine overtimes to mark the longest game in college football history. Chase Brown ran for 223 yards, the most ever by a Big Ten opponent at Beaver Stadium, and Brandon Peters connected with Casey Washington in the back of the end zone of the ninth overtime to stun the Penn State crowd. Two games later, Illinois earned its first ever win over a College Football Playoff ranked opponent by taking down #20 Minnesota, 14-6, in Minneapolis behind a dominant effort by the defense.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: Illinois has been selected for national championship titles for their accomplishments in five seasons (1914, 1919, 1923, 1927, 1951) by NCAA-designated major selectors, often using mathematical algorithms. Illinois claims championships for all five years. Almost all college football title selections before 1928 were retrospective (selected years or decades later), and that is the case here. Only Dickinson in 1927 and Boand in 1951 were contemporaneous. Selection of consensus champions began in 1950.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: The Fighting Illini have never finished a season ranked No. 1 in either the AP Poll or Coaches' Poll.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: Illinois has four series against teams that generally are considered their rival in some form, with three of their rivals being in the Big Ten Conference, Northwestern, Purdue, and Ohio State, with the first two being in the same division as the Fighting Illini. Illinois briefly had a protected rivalry with Indiana in the pre-expansion Big Ten, but the rivalry is much more prevalent in basketball.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: Illinois' most played rival, the series began in 1892 and the teams have played each other 112 times. Illinois leads the series 56–54–5 as of 2019. The original trophy was the Sweet Sioux Tomahawk utilized from 1947 to 2008, until it was replaced with the Land of Lincoln Trophy in 2009. The Fighting Illini have had periods of dominance in the series, notably winning 11 of 12 matchups from 1908 to 1928.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: The rivalry between Illinois and Missouri is modeled after the two schools' longstanding basketball rivalry, and it garners the most interest around St. Louis, with both schools having alumni and fans in the area. It has not been played annually, with 24 matchups occurring from 1896 to 2010, with Missouri leading the series 17–7. Between 2000 and 2010, the schools met in St. Louis six times, with Missouri winning each time. In 2026, the series will be renewed for a four-year period, to be played on campus sites.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: The rivalry with Purdue is the oldest of the four, with their first meeting being in 1890. Illinois has had varied success, such as winning 11 out of 12 games played between 1900 and 1911 and winning six straight from 1988 to 1993. Purdue leads the series, 47-45-6.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: The rivalry with Ohio State has occurred since 1902, with the Illibuck trophy (a carved wooden trophy) being a reflection of its longevity, being the 2nd oldest trophy awarded for a Big Ten rivalry game. Ohio State leads the series 68–30–4 (not including the 2010 vacated win), with Ohio State having won the last eight games played. They were members of the same Division (Leaders) upon expansion in 2011, but they were separated in 2014, meaning that they do not meet up each year, although they are guaranteed to meet at least once in a four-year period. Illinois has had varied success in this rivalry, notably winning five straight from 1988 to 1992, although they have not beaten Ohio State since 2007, when Illinois beat No. 1 Ohio State in Columbus.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: The following 17 Illinois players and coaches have been inducted to the College Football Hall of Fame.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: November 2, 1990 - The University of Illinois announced its 25-man All-Century Football Team as voted on by fans.


title: Illinois Fighting Illini football

text: Illini football games are shown via the "Illini Sports Network", which brings the Illini to stations across Illinois. Locally, the team's games are shown on WDWS-AM 1400 and WHMS-FM 97.5. WDWS has been the Illini's exclusive radio station in Champaign since 1935. WHMS has aired Illini games since the 1950s. The team's student newspaper is the "Daily Illini", while outside coverage is handled by "The News-Gazette".


title: Karnataka Police

text: The Karnataka State Police Department is the law enforcement agency for the Indian state of Karnataka. The department is headed by the Director General and Inspector General of Police.


title: Karnataka Police

text: The District Police administration is headed by a Superintendent of Police. A group of districts comprise a Police Range, led by an Inspector General of Police. Big cities have Police Commissionerate led by Commissioner of Police. Bengaluru is headed by an officer with the rank of Additional Director General of Police (ADG). Mysuru is headed by an officer with the rank of Inspector General of Police (IGP). Belagavi, Hubballi-Dharwad, Kalaburagi and Mangaluru is headed by an officer with the rank of Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG).


title: Karnataka Police

text: The Director General of Police (DGP) and Inspector General of Police (IGP) is the head of the State police department, and under him are Director General of Police and Additional Director General of Police. Each Additional Director General of Police is in charge of a particular function: law and order, crime and technical services, administration, intelligence, the Karnataka State Reserve Police, recruitment and training.


title: Karnataka Police

text: The police stations are the lowest units of the police department. There are 906 police stations, 230 circle offices, 91 SDPOs and 31 DPOs (including railway police) in Karnataka state. Police stations are headed by Inspector in towns and cities. There may be two to four Sub-Inspectors (S.I.) in addition to assistant sub-inspectors (A.S.I), Head Constables (H.C.) and police constables (P.C.). Rural police stations are headed by a sub-inspector or two sub-inspectors covering law and order and crime, depending on the station's importance and sensitivity. They are grouped into circles, comprising a sub-division. Sub-divisions are headed by Deputy Superintendents of Police and circles by Police Inspectors. Additional superintendent of police's (ASP's) are also there in some districts.


title: Karnataka Police

text: This wing is headed by an officer with the rank of Additional Director General of Police, Law and Order.


title: Karnataka Police

text: The Intelligence Department is headed by an Additional Director General of Police, assisted by two Deputy Inspector General of Police and five Superintendents of Police at headquarters. The five Superintendents of Police in the Intelligence Divisions are in Bangalore, Mysore, Mangalore, Gulbarga and Belagavi,


title: Karnataka Police

text: This wing is headed by the Additional Director General of Police, Crime and Technical Services. It includes the Fingerprint Bureau, Forensic Scientific Laboratory, Police Computer Wing and State Crime Record Bureau.


title: Karnataka Police

text: In the state, the police trace their origins to the former Mysore State Imperial Service. They consist of:


title: Karnataka Police

text: The Karnataka State Reserve Police (KSRP) is headed by an Additional Director General of Police, assisted by an Inspector General and one Deputy Inspectors General of Police at headquarters. The Karnataka State Reserve Police consists of 12 battalions: four in Bangaluru and one each in Mysuru, Belagavi, Kalaburagi, Mangaluru, Shivamogga, Shiggoan, Hassana and Tumakuru 2 IRB battalions are situated in Munirabad (Koppala) and Vijayapura. Indian Reserve Battalion (IRB) is a specially formed reserved force. They are well trained striking force.


title: Karnataka Police

text: In 1951 the horses in the maharaja's bodyguard were used for the Karnataka Armed Reserve Mounted Police, headquartered in Mysuru. The stables, fields and office buildings date to the maharajas' time. Mounted police are used for traffic duty, night patrol, officer training and the Mysuru Dasara. The force is made up of 90 horses and 150 officers and men.


title: Karnataka Police

text: Mounted-police riders still practice tent pegging, and are also known for games, ceremonial parades and showmanship. Its riders have won a number of prizes in national and international equestrian competitions. The mounted police is headed by S. G. Mariba Shetti, who has won gold medals at the 1995 World Police Games in Australia (1995) and in 2001 in Indianapolis (2001) and has commanded the Dasara procession since 1977.


title: Karnataka Police

text: Karnataka state has coastline along Arabian sea. The Coastal Security Police, established in 1999, is headed by Superintendent of Police and other staff. Coastal security police stations have been setup along the coastline. The CSP has jurisdiction over Karnataka's coastal waters from Talapady in Dakshina Kannada to Sadashivgada in Uttara Kannada, about . and CSP Comes under Internal Security Division Headed By Additional Director General of Police in Richmond road, Bengaluru.


title: Karnataka Police

text: This wing is headed by the Director General of Police, Training, assisted by an Inspector General of Police (Training) and Deputy Inspector General of Police (Training). Karnataka has so many training institutions:


title: Fox Animation Studios

text: Fox Animation Studios was an American animation production company owned by 20th Century Fox and located in Phoenix, Arizona. After six years of operation, the studio was shut down on June 26, 2000, ten days after the release of its final film, "Titan A.E.". Most of the Fox Animation Studios library was acquired by Disney (via 20th Century Studios) on March 20, 2019.


title: Fox Animation Studios

text: After the financially unsuccessful release of the Don Bluth Entertainment-produced film "Thumbelina" on March 30, 1994, animators Don Bluth and Gary Goldman were hired by Bill Mechanic, then-chairman of 20th Century Fox, to create a brand new Fox animation studio. Mechanic and John Matoian, president of Fox Family Films, also brought in Stephen Brain (Executive VP at Silver Pictures) as Senior VP/General Manager to oversee the startup of the studio and run day-to-day operations of the division.


title: Fox Animation Studios

text: The company was designed to compete with Walt Disney Feature Animation (owned by The Walt Disney Company – which would later acquire certain Fox assets on March 20, 2019), which had phenomenal success during the late 1980s and early 1990s with the releases of films such as "The Little Mermaid" (1989), "Beauty and the Beast" (1991), "Aladdin" (1992) and "The Lion King" (1994). Disney veterans Bluth and Goldman came in 1994 to Fox from Sullivan Bluth Studios, which had produced "The Secret of NIMH" (1982), "An American Tail" (1986), "The Land Before Time" (1988), and "All Dogs Go to Heaven" (1989), among other films.


title: Fox Animation Studios

text: Before Bluth came to Fox, the studio distributed three animated features during the 1990s which were produced by outside studios – "" (1992), "Once Upon a Forest" (1993) and "The Pagemaster" (1994), the last two of which were both commercial and critical failures. Even before, Fox distributed "Hugo the Hippo" (1975) by William Feigenbaum and József Gémes, two Ralph Bakshi features, "Wizards" (1977) and "Fire and Ice" (1983), as well as "" (1977) by Richard Williams. Also, Fox distributed "Asterix Conquers America" (1994) in France and the United Kingdom.


title: Fox Animation Studios

text: Fox Animation Studios did not achieve the same level of success as Disney's animated crop, due to increased competition from Pixar and DreamWorks Animation, the declining revenues of the Disney Renaissance, and the rise of computer-generated animation. The films used digital ink and paint similar to what Disney did with the CAPS software. The studio's first theatrical release "Anastasia" (1997) found critical and box-office success, but their second and final theatrical release "Titan A.E." (2000) got mixed reviews and was a costly flop, losing $100 million for 20th Century Fox. Nearly a year before its closure, 20th Century Fox laid off 300 of the nearly 380 people who worked at the Phoenix studio in order to "make films more efficiently".


title: Fox Animation Studios

text: On June 26, 2000, the studio was shut down after six years of operation, resulting from poor financial returns. Their last film set to be made would have been an adaptation of Wayne Barlowe's illustrated novel "Barlowe's Inferno", and was set to be done entirely with computer animation. Another film they would have made was "The Little Beauty King", an adult animated film directed by Steve Oedekerk, which would have been a satire of the films from the Disney Renaissance. It would predate "Shrek" (2001).


title: Fox Animation Studios

text: Fox Animation Studios' only other productions were the PBS television series "Adventures from the Book of Virtues" (1996–2000) and the direct-to-video spin-off to "Anastasia", "Bartok the Magnificent" (1999), along with sub-contract work for DreamWorks Animation's "The Prince of Egypt" (1998). Out of all the television shows, sequels and spin-offs based on existing Don Bluth properties, "Bartok" was the only one to actually have Bluth and Goldman as directors.


title: Fox Animation Studios

text: The former headquarters for the studio sat unused and abandoned until it was demolished in 2017. An apartment complex was later built on the site.


title: Dhumavati

text: Dhumavati (, , literally "the smoky one") is one of the Mahavidyas, a group of ten Hindu Tantric goddesses. Dhumavati represents the fearsome aspect of Mahadevi, the supreme goddess in Hindu traditions such as Shaktism. She is often portrayed as an old, ugly widow, and is associated with things considered inauspicious and unattractive in Hinduism, such as the crow and the "Chaturmas" period. The goddess is often depicted carrying a winnowing basket on a horseless chariot or riding a crow, usually in a cremation ground.


title: Dhumavati

text: Dhumavati is said to manifest herself at the time of cosmic dissolution (pralaya) and is "the Void" that exists before creation and after dissolution. While Dhumavati is generally associated with only inauspicious qualities, her thousand-name hymn relates her positive aspects as well as her negative ones. She is often called tender-hearted and a bestower of boons. Dhumavati is described as a great teacher, one who reveals ultimate knowledge of the universe, which is beyond the illusory divisions, like auspicious and inauspicious. Her ugly form teaches the devotee to look beyond the superficial, to look inwards and seek the inner truths of life.


title: Dhumavati

text: Dhumavati is described as a giver of "siddhis" (supernatural powers), a rescuer from all troubles, and a granter of all desires and rewards, including ultimate knowledge and moksha (salvation). Her worship is also prescribed for those who wish to defeat their foes. Dhumavati's worship is considered ideal for unpaired members of society, such as bachelors, widows, and world renouncers as well as "Tantrikas". In her Varanasi temple, however, she transcends her inauspiciousness and acquires the status of a local protective deity. There, even married couples worship her. Although she has very few dedicated temples, her worship by Tantric ritual continues in private in secluded places like cremation grounds and forests.


title: Dhumavati

text: Dhumavati hardly has an independent existence outside the Mahavidya group. There is no historical mention of her before she is included among the Mahavidyas. As a goddess of poverty, frustration, and despair, Daniélou associates Dhumavati with Nirriti, the goddess of disease and misery, and Alakshmi, the goddess of misfortune and poverty. Kinsley adds another goddess to the list: Jyestha.


title: Dhumavati

text: The Vedic goddess Nirriti is associated with death, decay, bad luck, anger, and need. Hymns emphasize offerings to keep her away. Like Nirriti, Dhumavati is associated with unpromising things and hardship. Jyestha, also an early Hindu goddess, has similarities in iconography with Dhumavati. Like Dhumavati, she is dark, ugly and is associated with the crow. Jyestha is described as being unable to tolerate any auspiciousness. Also like Dhumavati, Jyestha dwells in quarrels, inauspicious places, and has a bad temper. Lakshmana Desika, the commentator on the "Saradatilaka-Tantra", identifies Dhumavati with Jyestha. Both Alakshmi, the sister and antithesis of Lakshmi (Shri), the goddess of wealth, luck and beauty, and Dhumavati are described as old, carrying a broom and having a crow banner. Both symbolize hunger, thirst, need, and poverty.


title: Dhumavati

text: While there are similarities between Dhumavati and the three goddesses, the latter lack significant characteristics of Dhumavati, like her widowhood and a textual emphasis on her ugliness. The names of the three goddesses also do not figure in Dhumavati's "nama stotras" (hymns invoking her many names), where such identifications could have been explicitly mentioned. The three also lack the more fierce warrior aspects of Dhumavati as well as her positive aspects in the context of the Mahavidyas. In scholar David Kinsley's opinion, though the three may be Dhumavati's antecedents, they are not "the same" as Dhumavati. According to Kinsley, the concept of ten Mahavidyas may not be earlier than the 12th century.


title: Dhumavati

text: Dhumavati is often named as the seventh Mahavidya. The "Guhyatiguhya-Tantra" equates Vishnu's ten avatars with the ten Mahavidyas. The fish incarnation Matsya is described as arising from Dhumavati. A similar list in the "Mundamala" equates Dhumavati with Vamana.


title: Dhumavati

text: In a story from the Shakta "Maha-Bhagavata Purana", which narrates the creation of all the Mahavidyas, Sati, the daughter of Daksha and first wife of god Shiva, feels insulted that she and Shiva are not invited to Daksha's yagna ("fire sacrifice") and insists on going there, despite Shiva's protests. After futile attempts to convince Shiva, the enraged Sati transforms into the Mahavidyas, who surround Shiva from the ten cardinal directions. Dhumavati stands in the southeast. Another similar legend replaces Sati with Kali (the chief Mahavidya) as the wife of Shiva and origin of the other Mahavidyas. The "Devi Bhagavata Purana" mentions the Mahavidyas as war-companions and forms of goddess Shakambhari.


title: Dhumavati

text: A legend from the "Shaktisamgama-Tantra" describes that Sati commits suicide by jumping in Daksha's "yagna" and Dhumavati rises with a blackened face from the sad smoke of Sati's burning body. She is "all that is left of Sati" and is her outraged and insulted avatar. The "Pranatosini-Tantra" explains the widowhood of Dhumavati. Once, Sati asked Shiva to give her food. When Shiva declines, the goddess eats him to satisfy her extreme hunger. When Shiva requests her to disgorge him, she obliges. Shiva then rejects her and curses her to assume the form of a widow. Another oral legend tells that Dhumavati was created by the warrior goddess Durga in the battle against demons Shumbha and Nishumbha. Dhumavati's literal name ("she who abides in smoke") comes from her ability to defeat demons by creating stinging smoke.


title: Dhumavati

text: The "Pranatosini-Tantra" version stresses Dhumavati's destructive aspect and hunger, which is satisfied only when she consumes Shiva, who himself contains or creates the universe. It brings out her inauspicious status as a widow and her self-assertion on her husband.


title: Dhumavati

text: The "Dhumavati Tantra" describes her as an old and ugly widow. She is thin, tall, unhealthy, and has a pale-grey complexion. She is described as restless and wicked. Unadorned with jewellery, she wears old, dirty clothes and has dishevelled hair. Her eyes are fearsome, her nose long and crooked, and some of her long fang-like teeth have fallen out, leaving her smile with gaps. Her ears are ugly and rough; her breasts hang down. In one of her trembling hands, she holds a winnowing basket, while the other makes a boon-conferring gesture ("varada-mudra") or knowledge-giving gesture ("cinmudra"). She rides in a horseless chariot bearing an emblem of a crow and a banner. She is astute and crafty, though. Always hungry and thirsty, Dhumavati initiates quarrels and invokes fear.


title: Dhumavati

text: In the "Prapancasarasara-samgraha", Dhumavati is described as having a black complexion and wearing ornaments made of snakes. Her dress is made of rags taken from cremation grounds. She holds a spear and a skull-cup (kapala) in her two hands. The spear is sometimes replaced by a sword. Another description in the same text says Dhumavati is aged with a wrinkled, angry face and cloud-like complexion. Her nose, eyes, and throat resemble a crow's. She holds a broom, a winnowing fan, a torch, and a club. She is cruel and frowning. Her hair appears dishevelled and she wears the simple clothes of a beggar. Her breasts are dry. Her hair is grey, her teeth crooked and missing, and her clothes old and worn.


title: Dhumavati

text: Sometimes, Dhumavati rides a crow and holds a trident. She may be depicted wearing a garland of severed heads, with red-coloured limbs and matted but dishevelled hair. Sometimes, she carries the buffalo-horn of Yama, the god of death, symbolizing her association with death.


title: Dhumavati

text: Dhumavati has fierce, warlike attributes too. In the "Shakta pramoda", she crushes bones in her mouth, creating an awful noise. She also makes the fearful and warlike noises of drums and bells. She wears a garland of skulls, chews the corpses of the demons Chanda and Munda, and drinks a mixture of blood and wine.


title: Dhumavati

text: Though there are standard descriptions of Dhumavati's form, some relatively recent paintings deviate from it. For example, an 18th-century painting by Molaram depicts Dhumavati sitting on a chariot pulled by two black scavenger birds with curved beaks. The painting follows the usual attributes like the winnowing basket, boon-giving gesture, but also depicts her young and beautiful with full breasts and adorned in gold finery, a stark contrast to her usual form. An early 20th-century painting from Varanasi depicts her riding a crow, holding a trident, a sword, a winnowing fan, and a bowl in her four arms, dark-complexioned, with sagging breasts, wearing white clothes and with cremation flames in the background. She is again adorned in gold finery and wears a gold-hewn lower garment, unusual for a widow's dress. Another 18th-century Nepali manuscript depicts a complete deviation from her traditional descriptions. She is completely nude with high breasts, wears a pearl necklace and headband, stands on a peacock with legs apart, and holds a mirror while looking at her reflection. A ring of fire surrounds her, possibly conveying cremation flames.


title: Dhumavati

text: Dhumavati is always considered a widow, and thus, is the only Mahavidya without a consort. Though associated with Shiva, having eaten him, he has since left her. Having destroyed the male element (Purusha) in the universe, she is left with nothing, but she is still Shakti, the female element with latent energy. Dhumavati's insatiable hunger and thirst is highlighted in many texts, and has been interpreted as the manifestation of her unsatisfied desires.


title: Dhumavati

text: As a widow in a horseless chariot, Dhumavati is portrayed as a woman going nowhere in life and society. She is "all that is unlucky, unattractive and inauspicious". She appears in the form of the poor, the beggars, the lepers, and the diseased. She dwells in the "wounds of the world", deserts, ruined houses, poverty, tatters, hunger, thirst, quarrels, mourning of children, in wild and other uncivilized, dangerous places. Widows in general are considered inauspicious, dangerous, and susceptible to possession by evil spirits. As a divine widow, Dhumavati is to be feared. Dhumavati is described as a hag or witch, crafty and quarrelsome; she represents all the dreaded miseries of life.


title: Dhumavati

text: Alternative paintings show her as young and adorned, as a sexually tempting, eroticised, young, attractive yet inauspicious widow. Her thousand-name hymn says that she gives enjoyment, is completely beautiful and adorned with garlands, clothes, and jewellery. She is also associated with sex in the hymn, which calls her "She Whose Form Is Rati". Rati literally means "sexual intercourse" and also the name of the Hindu love goddess. Dhumavati is said to enjoy sexual intercourse, to be present where sexual activity is, and to be occupied with sex. She is said to like liquor (a forbidden drink), to be intoxicated, and to be worshiped by intoxicated people. She also indulges in the Tantric ritual of breaking the five taboos—the "Panchamakara", which include consuming wine, meat, fish, parched grain and ritual sex.


title: Dhumavati

text: Dhumavati is a manifestation of the anti-social and inauspicious elements in women and is an antithesis to the goddess Lakshmi. Like Alakshmi, Dhumavati rules over the four months of the rainy season, when even solar light is obscured by the evil water spirit. This coincides with Chaturmas, a period during the year when the god Vishnu sleeps. At that time, darkness rules and the soul loses its usual luster. This period is considered inauspicious, and as such as no auspicious ceremonies like marriage can take place.


title: Dhumavati

text: The presence of the crow, a carrier of death, in her iconography as well as her textual description of having crow-like features associate her with death and inauspiciousness. Another motif in her iconography linking her with death is the presence of a cremation ground and cremation pyres in the background. Her thousand name hymn says that she lives in the cremation ground, sits on a corpse, wears ashes, and blesses those who haunt the grounds. The "Prapancasarasara-samgraha" relates that she wears a dress taken from a corpse. Dhumavati is the embodiment of "tamas guna", associated with ignorance and darkness. She likes meat and wine, both tamasic in nature. The "Pranatosinitantra" associates her with "tamas", when classifying the mahavidyas based on "guna".


title: Dhumavati

text: Dhumavati is often said to appear at the time of "Maha-pralaya", the great dissolution of the cosmos and is equated with the dark clouds that rise during "Pralaya". Her thousand name hymn also calls her by names meaning "She Whose Form is Pralaya", "Who Is Occupied with Pralaya", "Who Creates and Causes Pralaya" and "Who Walks About in Pralaya". An author says that she stays even after Shiva (who is Maha-kala) ("Great Time" or "Great Death") disappears, thus she is "the Power of Time", and considered to be beyond time and space. Dhumavati represents ultimate destruction, the smoke that rises after the universe is destroyed.


title: Dhumavati

text: The goddess' name "Dhumavati" means the "smoky one". She is said not to like offerings burnt in a fire that is not smoky. She likes smoke from incense, offerings, and cremation pyres, as these symbolize destruction. Dhumavati also exists in the form of smoke and roams everywhere at her will.


title: Dhumavati

text: While Dhumavati generally is associated with only inauspicious qualities, her thousand-name hymn tells about her positive aspects, too. She is often called as bestower of boons and tender-hearted. Her hymn says that she lives in the midst of women and is worshipped by them. Her hymn sings of her as the giver of children.


title: Dhumavati

text: As an ancestor or Grandmother spirit, she embodies a great teacher and guide, granting knowledge of the ultimate truth of life and death. Her smoke hides that which is obvious, revealing hidden secrets and truths of "the unknown and the unmanifest". Frawley says her outer appearance as poverty is deceptive and a mere illusion that hides the inner reality. She is "the good fortune that comes to us in the form of misfortune". Dhumavati embodies the "power of suffering". Through the negative aspects that Dhumavati represents rise the virtues of patience, persistence, forgiveness, and detachment. Without the revealing of this negativity of life, it cannot be transcended and the secret truths would remain hidden under the smoky veil of illusion.


title: Dhumavati

text: Dhumavati's outer inauspicious, fearful form reveals the dangers of considering sensory pleasures as fulfilment-giving. The winnowing basket, used to separate the husk from the grain, symbolizes the need to separate the outer illusory form from the inner reality. Her ugly form teaches the devotee to go beyond the outer deceptive appearances and seek the inner truths of life.


title: Dhumavati

text: Dhumavati is the primordial darkness and ignorance, from which rises the world of illusion. She represents the darkness/ignorance before creation and after decay. This ignorance, which obscures the ultimate reality, is necessary because without the realization of this ignorance, true knowledge can not be achieved. Dhumavati also represents yogic sleep (Yoganidra), the pre-creation state of consciousness, as well as the primal sleep (the Void) in which all creation would dissolve and reach ultimate reality of "Brahman". This void is pure consciousness, the cessation of movements of the mind, and silence. Even Dhumavati's ability to spread disease is also considered positive, as disease punishes the wicked and restores cosmic order. Dhumavati is also associated with the heart or middle region of the body.Dhumavati is also called ‘Arikshyaykar’ or ‘one who destroys both the external as well as the internal enemy’.


title: Dhumavati

text: Dhumavati is sometimes regarded as an older form of Kali, in which she represents timelessness and unmanifest life-force. Another tradition identifies Dhumavati with "Smashana-kali", "Kali who lives in the cremation ground." She is considered a terrible aspect of the Goddess and included among the ("family of Kali") goddesses. Dhumavati's "nama stotras" (hymn with names of the deities) identify her with Parvati, Sati, and glorify her as a slayer of demons.


title: Dhumavati

text: Though Dhumavati may seem to be a goddess to be avoided due to her inauspiciousness, she is described as tender-hearted and one who gives her devotees whatever they want. In several places, Dhumavati is described as a giver of "siddhis" (supernatural powers), a rescuer from all troubles and granter of all desires and rewards, including ultimate knowledge and "moksha" (salvation). Dhumavati's worship is prescribed to ward off all the negativity that she stands for and to transcend the smoke screen to acquire true knowledge. By worshipping and confronting her, the embodiment of the impure, the inauspicious and outside the fringes of society, one can look beyond the arbitrary dichotomies of society and acquire ultimate knowledge to become spiritually enlightened.


title: Dhumavati

text: Married people, however, are advised not to worship Dhumavati. It is said that her worship creates a feeling of wanting solitude and distaste of worldly things, which is considered as highest characteristics of a spiritual quest. Thus, Dhumavati's worship is appropriate for world renouncers who roam as lone wanderers and widows who parallel the life of world renouncers. Dhumavati is also described a being partial to single persons and especially partial to widows. Widows are considered the only beings who can withstand her power.


title: Dhumavati

text: The mantra of Dhumavati is "Dhum Dhum Dhumavati Svaha", containing a repetition of her seed syllable "Dhum". This mantra used in the worship of Dhumavati, sometimes with her yantra, is believed to create a protective smoke shielding the devotee from negativity and death. Her worship involves clearing one's mind of all thoughts and leaving back the known, meditating on the unknown silence beyond, and the Void that Dhumavati represents.


title: Dhumavati

text: The "Shaktisamgama Tantra" says that Dhumavati can be worshipped for the "Uchhatana" (eradication) of a person. A worshipper should imagine the world as well as the goddess's mantra as grey. He should blacken his teeth and wear black clothes and observe regulations, such as eating little, sleeping on the ground, and subduing his senses. In this worship procedure called "kakakarma" (crow-procedure), he should "transform his mind into a crow" by which one can cause harm to a person. Another Tantric text mentions the worshipper should burn a crow in a cremation flame and, while repeating the goddesses' mantra, spread the ashes in the enemy's house, which will lead to his destruction. The text further says Dhumavati should be worshipped only by Dakshinamarga ("right-handed path"). While "the Kalarudra-tantra" says Dhumavati can be worshipped for destructive purposes, "Shakta-pramoda" relates that her worship is useful to acquire "siddhi" to destroy one's foes.


title: Dhumavati

text: Dhumavati's worship is performed in the night in a cremation ground, bare-bodied with the exception of a loincloth. The fourth lunar day of the dark fortnight ("Krishna Paksha") is considered the special day to perform her puja (worship). The worshipper should observe a fast and remain silent for a whole day and night. They should also perform a homa ("fire sacrifice"), wearing wet clothes and a turban, repeating the goddess' mantra in a cremation ground, forest, or any lonely place.


title: Dhumavati

text: Dhumavati temples are extremely rare. At a temple in Varanasi, Dhumavati is the main deity. Smaller Dhumavati temples exist in Rajrappa in Bihar and near the Kamakhya Temple near Guwahati. At the Varanasi temple, which claims to be a Shakti Peetha, Dhumavati's idol rides a chariot and holds a winnowing fan, a broom, and a pot, while the fourth hand makes the fear-not gesture ("abhaya-mudra"). The goddess is offered usual offerings like flowers and fruit, but also liquor, bhang, cigarettes, meat, and sometimes even blood sacrifices. Though traditional devotees of Dhumavati (world renouncers and "Tantrika"s) worship at the Varanasi temple, here the goddess transcends her traditional role as "the inauspicious, dangerous goddess who can be approached only by heroic tantric adepts". Dhumavati acquires the role of a local guardian deity, or village deity, who protects the locals and even married couples worship her. There is also a temple dedicated to the goddess in Pitambara Peeth temple complex, Datia.


title: Oglaf

text: "Oglaf" is produced by Trudy Cooper and Doug Bayne,"" though this is not stated anywhere on the comic's website; reviewer Shaenon Garrity said in 2012 that the comic was "technically anonymous but instantly recognizable" as Cooper and Bayne. A 2013 Sequential Tart article said that "the site... doesn't tell who creates it", while a 2016 Paste Magazine article credited the comic to "Bodil Bodilson". The Patreon page for "Oglaf" states that the comic is made by "Trudy & Doug" and the printed books are credited to them.


title: Oglaf

text: Cooper and Bayne had previously worked together on "Platinum Grit" and had also animated a music video together for Violent Soho.


title: Oglaf

text: According to the website, the comic "started out as an attempt to make pornography [and] degenerated into sex comedy pretty much immediately." A new comic is released online each Sunday. The first two collections have been published in book form by TopatoCo, and a third book was crowdfunded on Kickstarter in July and August 2020.


title: Oglaf

text: The comic takes place in a fantasy realm; a reviewer for ComicsAlliance described it as "a world created by shoving every existing fantasy world into a blender and setting it on puree." "Oglaf" has no overarching story, though does have many recurring characters and storylines. It features many explicit sex scenes; reviewers have called it "really REALLY pornographic" and "extremely, extraordinarily NSFW." The initial story is about a man named Ivan who is apprenticed to a sadistic sorceress who forbids him to masturbate, or else his ejaculations come to life and report him. Comics have included shapeshifters, interspecies romance, fountains of youth, enchanted body parts, magical sex toys, and "bedroom injuries with a literal ice queen". The archive notes which comics are less explicit.


title: Oglaf

text: Inverse praised "Oglaf" for its depictions of gender and sexuality and The Escapist noted its inclusion of people of colour and LGBTQ+ characters. "Oglaf" won a Silver Ledger from 2016 Ledger Awards, which acknowledge excellence in Australian comic art and publishing. In 2013, it was called the Best X-Rated Strip by NJ.com. It was rated #1 in the Romance and Erotica category by ComicsAlliance for 2016. Oglaf.com was named one of the top porn sites for women by Cosmopolitan in 2017.


title: Oglaf

text: A reviewer for ComicsAlliance called "Oglaf" "some of the funniest smut on the web" and said, "imagine the funniest geek you know tried really hard to write magical porn, but they couldn't stop it from being laugh out loud funny. That's "Oglaf"...as dirty as it is, [it] somehow manages to be one of the lightest and most upbeat comics filled with sex that you're ever likely to find." A reviewer for io9 said, "It's the webcomic that unleashes the full, perverted potential of the high fantasy genre – the perfect comic for anyone who likes their dick jokes with a side of swords and sexually frustrating sorcery" and also said it deserved to be nominated for an Eisner Award. Paste Magazine included it in an article on "40 of the Best Webcomics" in 2016, saying "If only all porn was as funny as "Oglaf", the comic that made you laugh until you cried". Writing on Comic Book Resources, author Tim Seeley said that "Oglaf" "seems just as content making weird political jokes as it is making dick jokes. In addition to being smartly written, it's beautifully illustrated, and portrays a variety of sexualities and kinks, which ought to please any kind of pervert."


title: Pebbles (musician)

text: Perri Arlette Reid (née McKissack; August 29, 1964), known professionally as the recording artist Pebbles, is an American singer-songwriter, businesswoman, record producer, and music executive. Reid is known for her hit songs during the late 1980s and early 1990s such as "Girlfriend" (1987), "Mercedes Boy" (1988), "Giving You the Benefit" (1990), "Love Makes Things Happen", (1990), and "Backyard" (1991). In addition to a recording career, Reid helped develop the successful contemporary R&B group TLC. She is now an Atlanta-based minister, known as "Sister Perri".


title: Pebbles (musician)

text: Reid was born Perri Arlette McKissack on August 29, 1964, one of four siblings to two mixed African-American parents. Reid's parents divorced when she was around six years old. Her mother raised Reid and her siblings on the income of a waitress and housekeeper.


title: Pebbles (musician)

text: Reid got her start at age sixteen in 1980 as a backing vocalist for the percussionist/band leader Bill Summers and the funk band Con Funk Shun. Reid co-wrote one of Con Funk Shun's singles, "Body Lovers". A local musician gave Reid a production deal which fell through several months later when she became pregnant with her daughter. While working at an Oakland, California, real estate office she met contractor George L. Smith, who she later married. Smith bankrolled Pebbles with $80,000 for a demo tape and video for "Mercedes Boy". The demo and video led to a contract with MCA. She recorded several hit singles on her own during the late 1980s and early 1990s, including "Girlfriend", "Mercedes Boy", "Giving You the Benefit", "Love Makes Things Happen", and "Backyard". Reid's cousin is R&B singer Cherrelle who was featured, along with Johnny Gill, on her 1991 hit song, "Always".


title: Pebbles (musician)

text: In July 1989, Pebbles formed the Atlanta-based production company Pebbitone and founded her own record label, Savvy Records. Pebbitone managed TLC, which was signed with her then husband L.A. Reid's record label LaFace Records. When TLC filed for bankruptcy in 1995, due to Pebbles' alleged mismanagement regarding their funds, the ensuing conflict damaged Pebbles' marriage. She divorced Reid, and Pebbitone sued LaFace for $10 million.


title: Pebbles (musician)

text: In 1997, Pebbles underwent a religious conversion. Under her new stage name "Sister Perri", she founded Women of God Changing Lives (WOGCL) Ministries. As an ordained minister, she now preaches and ministers through song. In 2008, after a thirteen-year music hiatus, Reid released her fourth album and debut gospel album, "Prophetic Flows Vol I & II", which peaked at #12 on the "Billboard" Gospel Album Chart. In February 2011, she was named the executive producer/host of Essence's national R&B search.


title: Pebbles (musician)

text: Pebbles has been married five times and has three children. Pebbles gave birth to a daughter, Ashley Victoria Winzer, in January 1982. Her first marriage was to her daughter's father from 1982 until 1983. Her second marriage was to Oakland contractor George L. Smith from 1983 until 1987, and made their home in San Francisco. Smith had a daughter, Jennifer (b. 1972). In July 1989, Pebbles married Reid. They had one son named Aaron, born in 1990. Reid and Pebbles later divorced in 1996. In 2000, Pebbles married former MLB player Otis Nixon. They divorced in 2004. Pebbles married her fifth husband Excel Sharieff in 2012, an administrative law judge.


title: Philippe Clement

text: Philippe Clement (born 22 March 1974) is a Belgian professional football coach and former player who is the manager of Ligue 1 club Monaco. Born in Antwerp, he played as a defensive midfielder for clubs including Beerschot, Genk, Coventry City, and Club Brugge. Clement played 38 times with Belgium national team and was in the team for the 1998 World Cup and Euro 2000.


title: Philippe Clement

text: As a manager, he has won three consecutive Belgian Pro League titles, with Genk in 2018–19 and with Club Brugge in 2019–20 and 2020–21. He was appointed as head coach of Monaco in January 2022.


title: Bandai Namco Holdings

text: The company's headquarters are in Minato, Tokyo. Their US branch, Bandai Namco Holdings USA, was officially formed on January 6, 2008, and handles the US operations of the company from their headquarters in Irvine, California. As of 2017, Bandai Namco is the world's largest toy company, earning in annual revenue.


title: Bandai Namco Holdings

text: Namco Bandai Holdings was created in 2005, when toy maker Bandai and video game developer Namco performed a management integration. Officially, Namco was purchased by Bandai for $1.7 billion. 57% of the company's holding went to Bandai while 43% went to Namco. Furthermore, Bandai swapped one of its shares for 1.5 shares of the new Namco Bandai. Namco traded evenly with a one-for-one share, carried out via a share exchange. The shareholders of Namco received one NBHD share for each Namco share and the shareholders of Bandai received 1.5 NBHD shares for each Bandai share. Prior to the merger, Bandai and Namco had various subsidiaries that worked under them. After the merger of Bandai Namco, the respective Bandai and Namco subsidiaries were re-designated into different areas of the combined conglomerate.


title: Bandai Namco Holdings

text: On March 31, 2006, Namco merged with Bandai's video game operations to form Namco Bandai Games. Namco's video arcade and amusement park divisions were spun-off into a new subsidiary that retained the Namco branding.


title: Bandai Namco Holdings

text: In September 2006, BNHD acquired CCP Co., Ltd. from Casio and made it a wholly owned subsidiary. BNHD have since fully acquired developers Banpresto (whose video game operations were absorbed into Bandai Namco Games on April 1, 2008) and Namco Tales Studio since the merger. Formerly, both were partially owned by Bandai and Namco respectively.


title: Bandai Namco Holdings

text: The business of Bandai Networks Co., Ltd. was merged into Bandai Namco Games in April 2009 and Bandai Networks subsequently ceased to exist as a separate company.


title: Bandai Namco Holdings

text: Namco Bandai bought a 34% stake in Atari Europe on May 14, 2009, paving the way for its acquisition from Infogrames. Until June 30, 2012, Infogrames had the option to sell the other 66% in Atari Europe to NBHD. Between June 31, 2012, to June 20, 2013, Bandai Namco gained the option to acquire the 66% stake. On July 7, 2009, Bandai Namco Holdings bought 100% of Atari Australia Pty Ltd. BNHD acquired 100% of the shares of Atari Asia Holdings Pty. Ltd. and 100% of the shares of Atari UK Ltd.


title: Bandai Namco Holdings

text: Bandai Namco acquired D3 Inc., the parent company of D3 Publisher, on March 18, 2009, after first acquiring a 95% stake in the company. In August 2013, Bandai Namco opened a studio in Vancouver, broadening its reach for western demographics.


title: Bandai Namco Holdings

text: In October 2019, Bandai Namco Holdings announced plans to acquire Sotsu, a move which will grant the company rights to the entire "Gundam" franchise, which the company already holds part of due to owning the studio Sunrise and due to Bandai being one of the producers of the series.


title: Bandai Namco Holdings

text: The company unveiled a new logo and a new mission statement in September 2021 which will be implemented starting in April 1, 2022, to commemorate the 72nd anniversary of the founding as Bandai five years before the founding of Namco. The company's updated purpose was "the idea of connecting and working together to create things", and plans to work with fans of their games through communication to help plan how the company will go forward. As part of that, the new logo is based on a "fukidashi", a speech bubble that represents both the worldwide influence of Japanese manga as well as their efforts to be communicative with players. On February 8, 2022, the company changed the color of their new logo from magenta to red.


title: Bandai Namco Holdings

text: In July 2022, Bandai Namco confirmed that an unspecified party hacked the company, gaining unauthorized access to internal systems to multiple groups in Asia outside Japan.


title: Bandai Namco Holdings

text: Bandai Namco Holdings is headquartered in the Sumitomo Fudosan Mita Building in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. Its North American branch, Bandai Namco Holdings USA, has offices in Anaheim and El Segundo (both in Southern California). The company's European and Asian divisions, Bandai Namco Holdings UK and Bandai Namco Holdings Asia, are respectively headquartered in Richmond, London and Central, Hong Kong.


title: Bandai Namco Holdings

text: Bandai Namco Holdings is headed by president Mitsuaki Taguchi and chairman Shukuo Ishikawa, both of whom took their respective positions in 2018. The company's corporate structure is grounded in the relationships between its employees and subsidiaries; Bandai Namco believes that the health and motivation of its employees is necessary to sustain operations, as it allows for additional creative freedom in its array of products. As of 2019, Bandai Namco is the world's largest toy company by revenue, having accumulated over $6.5 billion. It is among the largest and most profitable companies in Japan with over 189.8 billion as of 2020.


title: Bandai Namco Holdings

text: In February 2021, Bandai Namco Holdings announced the merger of its business units. As part of the changes to be done in April 2021, it will reduce its operating units from five to three. Toys & Hobby and Network Entertainment Unit (video games) merged to form Entertainment Unit, Visual and Music Production Unit (production and distribution of anime and music) and IP Creation Unit (Production of anime) merged to form IP Production Unit and Real Entertainment Unit was renamed Amusement Unit (theme parks).


title: Bandai Namco Holdings

text: Bandai Namco Holdings is structured into six product areas known as Content Units: Toys and Hobby (toys), Network Entertainment (video games), Real Entertainment (amusement parks), Visual and Music Production (anime and music albums), IP Creation (creation of new intellectual properties), and Affiliated Business (supporting companies). The Network Entertainment Unit serves as the core area of the company, where it is led by Bandai Namco Entertainment, the company's video game publishing arm. Bandai Namco Entertainment owns multiple subsidiaries, including Bandai Namco Studios, B.B. Studio, and D3 Publisher, all of which develop video games for home video game systems and cellular phones across the world. It holds multiple international divisions itself, including offices in the United States, Europe, and Taiwan.


title: Bandai Namco Holdings

text: The Toy and Hobby Unit is led by Bandai, who designs toys and electronic devices based on licenses such as "Dragon Ball", "Gundam", and "Sailor Moon". Bandai Spirits designs toys intended for more mature audiences, alongside prizes for video arcades. MegaHouse designs figurines and toys for candy machines, as does Heart Corporation for seasonal events. Other companies under the unit include Seeds, which produces medical equipment; Plex, a designer of toys based on licensed characters; Sun-Star, which designs and distributes stationery to consumers and Japanese school systems; CCP, a producer of sundries and consumer electronics; and Banpresto Sales, a distributor of prizes for arcades.


title: Bandai Namco Holdings

text: Bandai Namco Amusement, known as simply Namco until 2018, heads the Real Entertainment Unit. Amusement designs arcade games and maintains the company's amusement parks, including Namco Namja Town, Wonder Bowl, and its VR Zone locations. Video games designed by Amusement include "Time Crisis 5", "Star Wars Battle Pod", "Pac-Man Racing", and "Galaga Fever". In addition, Amusement provides services for Bandai Namco's "Banacoin" digital currency platform and mobile applications to promote events at its arcades. Assisting the company are Bandai Namco Technica and Bandai Namco Amusement Lab, which provide repair services and research & development (R&D) operations respectively. Hanayashiki Co., Ltd. operates Japan's oldest surviving theme park of the same name, while PleasureCast maintains and opens amusement centers across Japan. The Visual and Music Production is hemmed by Bandai Namco Arts and Actas, anime production studios; Highway Star, a music artist manager; and Bandai Namco Live Creative, handling ticket sales and production of live concerts.


title: Bandai Namco Holdings

text: Sunrise, a Japanese anime studio known for productions such as "Mobile Suit Gundam" and "Cowboy Bebop", is the center of the IP Creation Unit. Sunrise holds three subsidiaries—music copyright manager Sunrise Music, animation planner Sunrise Beyond, and production house Bandai Namco Pictures—which are also part of the unit. Sotsu is an advertising agency that also provides planning and productions for anime series such as "Gundam". Bandai Namco's Affiliated Business comprises companies that provide additional support and resources. Companies under this unit include the product distributors Bandai Logipal and Logipal Express, finance manager Bandai Namco Business Arc, day care facility operator Kaikaya, toy distributor Happinet, graphic design studio Artpresto, and disability supporter Bandai Namco Will.


title: John Lloyd Cruz

text: John Lloyd Espidol Cruz (born June 24, 1983) is a Filipino actor, model and occasional TV host. He was a member of ABS-CBN's Star Magic, where he is an alumnus of Batch 5. He starred in the teen drama "Tabing Ilog", and is best known for his works in soap operas such as "It Might Be You", "Maging Sino Ka Man", "I ♥ Betty La Fea", and "Imortal". Throughout his career, Cruz has collaborated with numerous actresses including Kaye Abad, Bea Alonzo, Angel Locsin, Toni Gonzaga and Sarah Geronimo.


title: John Lloyd Cruz

text: Cruz finished his education at Marikina Catholic School. He attended his secondary education until third year at ABS-CBN Distance Learning Center. He used to reside in Santolan, Pasig, and also owned a house in Valle Verde, an exclusive subdivision in Pasig. As of 2017, Cruz currently resides in Cebu City.


title: John Lloyd Cruz

text: On November 9, 2021 he signed a contract with GMA Network Inc as part of his TV Comeback. His first comeback appearance was on GMA's Wowowin and currently he leads the role of GMA's sitcom entitled "Happy To Get Her". The show is airing on GMA Network Weeknights.


title: John Lloyd Cruz

text: Cruz was born John Lloyd Espidol Cruz, the youngest child of Luisito Llora and Aida Espidol Cruz. He was called by nicknames "Juward" and "Idan" among his family and some close friends. Cruz finished his grade school at Marikina Catholic School in 1996. He was later discovered by a talent scout in a mall while hanging out with friends to watch "Magic Temple". Due to his father's failing marble business, Cruz decided to enter showbiz to help his family recover from financial problems. He first appeared in GMA Public Affairs' reenactment legal talk show "Compañero y Compañera", followed by the crime and investigative series "Calvento Files". This was followed by several guest appearances and shows. At age 14, Cruz became a member of ABS-CBN's Star Magic, where he became an alumnus of Batch 5. He was also a member of the then-teen trio called Koolits with Baron Geisler and Marc Solis.


title: John Lloyd Cruz

text: In 1999, Cruz played the role of Rovic in the teen drama "Tabing Ilog", alongside Kaye Abad, which lasted for almost four years. His breakthrough role came in 2002 by portraying the character of Yuri in "Kay Tagal Kang Hinintay", where he is paired with Bea Alonzo. He was later cast in "It Might Be You" and "Ikaw Ang Lahat Sa Akin".


title: John Lloyd Cruz

text: In 2006, Cruz starred in the highly successful soap opera "Maging Sino Ka Man" along with Bea Alonzo, Anne Curtis and Sam Milby. The was aired on 2007. In 2009, he made another collaboration with Bea Alonzo and played the male protagonist Armando in "I ♥ Betty La Fea", a Philippine adaptation of the Colombian telenovela "Yo Soy Betty La Fea". In 2010, Cruz was paired with Angel Locsin in the critically acclaimed dark fantasy series "Imortal", a sequel of the original series "Lobo".


title: John Lloyd Cruz

text: As a TV host, Cruz had recurring appearances in the longest-running Sunday noontime variety show, "ASAP". He was also recruited as one of four members of the "Kanto Boys" alongside "ASAP" mainstays Vhong Navarro, Billy Crawford and Luis Manzano.


title: John Lloyd Cruz

text: In 2014, Cruz played the role of Romeo in the Saturday sitcom series "Home Sweetie Home" with Toni Gonzaga, which lasted until he left the show in 2017. He went on indefinite leave from show business after a controversial relationship with model and actress Ellen Adarna, who was his fellow co-star in "Home Sweetie Home". Since 2019, Cruz makes occasional cameos in commercial ads.


title: John Lloyd Cruz

text: During the COVID-19 pandemic, Cruz was approached by Willie Revillame to make a television comeback by transferring to GMA Network. On May 16, 2021, he signed up with Crown Artist Management. On June 6, 2021, he made an appearance at GMA's broadcast of Shopee's "6.6. Mid-year Sale" TV event. He would officially sign a contract with the network on November 9, 2021.


title: John Lloyd Cruz

text: John Lloyd Cruz starred with Sarah Geronimo in "A Very Special Love" produced by Star Cinema and Viva Films, which was released on July 30, 2008. The film grossed PHP 179,569,117 at the box office. In February 2009, Cruz's follow-up movie with Geronimo, "You Changed My Life", a sequel to "A Very Special Love" also produced by Star Cinema and Viva Films, hit the box office. The film's total theatrical earnings reached PHP 240.44 million and was ranked as the highest grossing Filipino film of all time in that same year. In mid-2009, he shifted from his regular roles for a more controversial, challenging project with Vilma Santos, in which he portrayed Luis Manzano's lover in the movie "In My Life". Cruz has been nailed as the "Box-Office King" for three-consecutive years: in 2007 for "One More Chance", in 2008 with "A Very Special Love", and in 2009 with "You Changed My Life", which became the top-grossing film of his career during that time until approximately six years later.


title: John Lloyd Cruz

text: Cruz's reunion movie with love team partner Bea Alonzo, "Miss You Like Crazy", released in February 2010 as Star Cinema's post-office offering, was a box office hit earning more than PHP 140 million in its seven-week run and still the second top Filipino movie of 2010. He was later paired again with Toni Gonzaga in another box-office film titled "My Amnesia Girl" that earned 12.8 million on its first day (November 2010) and surpassing 100 million in its first-week run. It was directed by the box-office director Cathy Garcia Molina. It earned PHP 165 million in its one-month run and was the top-grossing film of 2010. Plans for making a movie with the "Kanto Boys" of "ASAP" was proposed for 2011 but was never pushed through. In 2012, Cruz and Alonzo starred in the film "The Mistress" to celebrate their 10th anniversary as a love team. "The Mistress" was critically acclaimed, leaving a total box-office gross of P260,000,000 and being the third highest grossing Filipino film of all time. He then reunites again with Geronimo for "It Takes a Man and a Woman", a third and final sequel of the films "A Very Special Love" and "You Changed My Life", which was released in 2013.


title: John Lloyd Cruz

text: In 2015, Cruz starred and produced a thriller movie "Honor Thy Father", which was first screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section of the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival. He plays the part of a man who, after a period of estrangement from his family, returns home to seek their help when his wife gets them into trouble with violent investors whose money her dad had lost in a ponzi scheme. Also in that same year, Cruz and Alonzo starred again together in the movie "A Second Chance", the sequel of highly successful 2007 film "One More Chance". The film was released on November 25, 2015 and earned PHP 550 million, becoming the highest grossing Filipino film of 2015 and the highest grossing Filipino film of all time.


title: John Lloyd Cruz

text: Cruz has been also recognized as one of three honorees of the Star Asia award at the 15th New York Asian Film Festival (NYAFF). He is the first Filipino and Southeast Asian actor to receive the honor. He joins Hong Kong's Miriam Yeung and South Korea's Lee Byung-hun – all box office stars in their own countries – as that year's recipients of the award.


title: John Lloyd Cruz

text: Cruz endorsed brands such as Bear Brand Milk, PSBank, Banana Peel, Tropicana Fruit Burst, 555, Sun Cellular, Magic Flakes, Biogesic, Adidas, Greenwich, 555 Corned Tuna, Swatch, Direct TV, Purefoods Tender Juicy, Smart, Choco Lava, Urban bags, Head & Shoulders, Lucky Me, Cherry Mobile, Joel Cruz Signatures perfume products John Lloyd Cruz "Like Him" and "Likes Her" and Aficionado Inspired EDT, LaBreza Tower, Skinwhite, Belo, Faces and Curves, Charms and Crystals, GAOC and Jollibee.


title: John Lloyd Cruz

text: He is considered one of the most-acclaimed actors in the country, and was recently inducted to the Philippine Walk of Fame by German "Kuya Germs" Moreno in Eastwood City, Libis, Quezon City. His film and television projects are usually big hits with audiences nationwide.


title: Marian reforms

text: The Marian reforms were reforms of the ancient Roman army implemented in 107 BC by the statesman Gaius Marius, for whom they were later named. The reforms originated as a reaction to the military and logistical stagnation of the Roman Republic in the late 2nd century BC. Centuries of military campaigning throughout the Mediterranean and increasing invasions and uprisings across Roman territory had stretched the human and physical resources of the Roman army.


title: Marian reforms

text: Marius proposed radical alterations with the intention of creating a more professional, permanent, and dynamic Roman army. The reforms revolutionized the Roman military machine, introducing the standardized legionary, the cohort unit and drastically altering the property and weaponry requirements for recruitment. The reforms also put the responsibility of supplying and managing an army in the hands of the general. Marius also granted citizenship and land to all Roman soldiers. The consequences of these reforms had a significant impact on the military supremacy of Rome as well as unintentionally contributing to the Late Republic's social and political disruption.


title: Marian reforms

text: These changes remained principally intact until the downfall of the Roman Empire, but there were structural and administrative adjustments, notably by Augustus and later by Diocletian.


title: Marian reforms

text: The pre-Marius Roman army was organized as a conscript levy of all male citizens. When needed, the incumbent consuls would call up an army, selected through a lot-drawing process called the "dilectus". It was considered the duty of every physically able man to serve in the army when a campaign was declared. Drafted men were organized into four legions, each raised annually; before entering into a campaign, they underwent extensive training. The soldiery gained experience while on campaign, but they were disbanded with the end of the war or the campaigning season. As a consequence, all experience in the Roman army was lost with the end of the fighting. Garrisons units, such as those in Hispania and Macedonia, were dismissed whenever the commander saw fit. Soldiers were paid poorly, if at all, and delays in the release of wages were notoriously common. Consequently, the primary form of payment was in shares of loot and plunder.


title: Marian reforms

text: Membership in the pre-Marian Roman army was marked by stringent property- and census-requirements for even the common soldier:


title: Marian reforms

text: These requirements changed over time: by the Second Punic War, only men with a net worth of 10,000 asses or more were liable to serve in the military.


title: Marian reforms

text: This system of citizen-soldiers who brought their own equipment in at least comparable quality, worked well as long as the wars were relatively short affairs fought relatively close to home. With the explosive expansion of Roman territory, campaigns became longer, often lasting several years. Such extremely long periods of service could mean financial ruin for small farmers who had left their home to fight.


title: Marian reforms

text: The use of census, property, and armament requirements produced a division among Roman census classes (distinct from the usual plebeian/patrician divide) in which four standardized unit types (reflecting how much money the soldier could spend on his own arms and armor) comprised each legion: the "velitas, hastati, principes" and "triarii". These units operated in the "maniple" system which had developed in the 320s BC as a replacement to the traditional 'Italic' "phalanx". In this formation, the units were split into distinctive lines based on age, experience, and wealth:


title: Marian reforms

text: Once the consuls had raised an army, as a rule, one of the consuls would lead the army into battle. Not all elected consuls were adept at leading an army. For example, in 113 BC, the consul Gnaeus Papirius Carbo was defeated at the Battle of Noreia by invading tribes of the Cimbri and the Teutons. That was followed by a protracted war in Africa against King Jugurtha of Numidia. Consul Quintus Caecilius Metellus Numidicus was sent to defeat Jugurtha. Metellus never lost any armies and was successful in some battles. However, after two years, he had not achieved total victory. Gaius Marius, one of his legates, requested Metellus to release him from his duties so he could return to Rome and run for consul at the end of 108 BC.


title: Marian reforms

text: When Marius became junior consul in 107 BC and was appointed the task of concluding the war with Jugurtha, he had no army. The army Metellus had commanded in Africa was assigned to the senior consul, Lucius Cassius Longinus, to expel the Cimbri, who were once again encroaching on the Roman province of Transalpine Gaul (Gallia Transalpina). Marius had no troops with which to conduct the war in Africa, as the eligible citizenry from whom he could recruit an army was severely depleted by previous military disasters and the expansion of the "latifundia" at the expense of small landowners. It was becoming clear that a consequence of having a temporary army based principally on inflexible eligibility requirements was a limited availability of recruits and short-term military shortages. To overcome that problem, he introduced a number of reforms.


title: Marian reforms

text: The foremost of the Marian reforms was the inclusion of the Roman landless masses, the "capite censi", men who had no property to be assessed in the census. Instead, they were "counted by the head". The men were now among the ranks of those who could be recruited even though they owned no significant property. Because the poor citizens could not afford to purchase their own weapons and armor, Marius arranged for the state to supply them with arms. He thus offered the disenfranchised masses permanent employment for pay as professional soldiers and the opportunity to gain spoils on campaign. With little hope of gaining status in other ways, the masses flocked to join Marius in his new army. In addition, the professional soldiers were recruited for an enlistment term of 16 years, later to rise to 20 years' full service and 5 years as evocati under the reforms of Augustus. Relaxing the property requirements and providing high quality equipment (rather than relying on an individual's pre-established wealth) massively increased the availability of recruits, and hence the size of the Roman army. This was the first time in Roman history the poorer Roman citizens were allowed into the Roman military.


title: Marian reforms

text: In the old system each soldier had to supply their own equipment, however with the new large numbers of poorer soldiers due to the other Marian reforms this could not continue to be the case. Marius reformed the system by putting the responsibility of supplying the army in the hands of the general. Roman soldiers also had to carry all of their own supplies, weapons and several days' worth of rations. The century carried with it all the arms and accoutrements required to feed and maintain it. This led to them being nicknamed 'Marius mules.' This logistical change drastically reduced the size of the baggage train required as support and made the army much more mobile. It is possible this was a practice that originated and was abandoned before the Marian reforms, meaning the Marian reforms simply restored this practice.


title: Marian reforms

text: The second important reform implemented by Marius was the formation of a standing army. Marius was critical of the voluntary organization of the army which disbanded after temporary service. Alternatively he introduced career soldiers, with a contracted employment and standardized training and equipment. Drilling and training took place all year round, even in times of peace, not just when war threatened. With the now standardized equipment, the uniformed and heavily trained legionary became the backbone of the Roman army.


title: Marian reforms

text: Marius re-organized the Roman legion from a system of maniples into cohorts, as follows. The total number of men in a full strength legion was about 4,800 soldiers. The internal organization of a legion consisted of ten cohorts of six centuries each. The "centuria" consisted of eighty men and was led by a centurion. Each century was divided again into ten "contubernia" led by a "decanus". The "contubernium" contained eight legionaries. The "centuria" fought as a unit, marched as a unit and camped as a unit.


title: Marian reforms

text: Between two and six legions grouped together constituted an army. The legions were kept in peak physical condition and discipline by constant training, one of the best in the ancient world. In battle, the cohorts were fielded in a more compact line than the previous maniple line to help improve morale and discipline.


title: Marian reforms

text: The third reform that Marius was able to introduce was legislation that offered retirement benefits in the form of land grants. Members of the head count who had completed their term of service would be given a pension by their general and a plot of land in the conquered region on which to retire. Officers and commanders were given monetary rewards that were ten to twenty-five times greater than that of a common foot soldier.


title: Marian reforms

text: Finally, Marius granted citizens of the Italian allies (Etruria, Picenum, etc.) full Roman citizenship if they fought for Rome and completed a period of service in the Roman army.


title: Marian reforms

text: The first and most obvious result was the improvement in the military capability of the army. A general, when war threatened the Republic, no longer hastily had to recruit a citizen army, train it to fight and obey military commands and discipline and then march it off to do battle, raw and un-blooded. That was instrumental in the growth and success of the Roman military and resulted in the continued success of the Romans on the battlefield. Additionally, the creation of a professional standing army was more suited to managing the growing empire, increasing the speed at which Rome could field armies. Generals had to deal with fewer commanders in the Marian legion, resulting in them being able to issue more complex orders to the army.


title: Marian reforms

text: Another benefit of the reforms was the settlement of retired legionaries in conquered land. That helped to integrate the region into a Roman province and Romanize its citizens, reducing unrest and revolt against Roman rule.