title: Amish Paradise

text: During an interview with Sean Evans on "Hot Ones" in 2016, Coolio further expressed regret for how he initially responded to "Amish Paradise". "In hindsight, it was stupid of me to say something about [Yankovic] doing a parody of 'Gangsta's Paradise'," he said. "I mean, he did Michael Jackson, he did Prince. You know, people who were definitely more talented than I am. I think Prince did say something... but he wasn't very vocal about it like I was. And it just made me look dumb... It was one of the dumb things I did. And I'm willing to admit I did something stupid."


title: Amish Paradise

text: Weird Al directed the music video for "Amish Paradise" himself, as he has done for many of his music videos since 1986. The music video for "Amish Paradise" closely mirrors the "Gangsta's Paradise" music video, although several concepts have been parodied. The video also features Florence Henderson as the Michelle Pfeiffer character in the original video.


title: Amish Paradise

text: In 2022, for the film "", Yankovic rerecorded the track, as well as four others. In the film, Yankovic's father reveals that he was raised Amish, and Yankovic finds a lyric sheet written by his father called "Amish Paradise" and decides to perform the song.


title: MasterChef Australia (series 9)

text: The ninth series of the Australian cooking game show MasterChef Australia premiered on 1 May 2017 on Network Ten. Judges Gary Mehigan, George Calombaris and Matt Preston from the previous series returned.


title: MasterChef Australia (series 9)

text: This series introduced the "Power Pin" in the seventh week. The pin granted the wearer an extra 15 minutes of cooking time in any one challenge until the finals.


title: MasterChef Australia (series 9)

text: The Top 24 contestants were announced on 1–3 May 2017. Chosen contestant Josh Clearihan was a previous auditionee from the eighth series who failed to reach the auditions when he was hospitalized with brain damage after a run-in with a car thief. The series featured other previous auditionees: Pia Gava, Benita Orwell and Eloise Praino.


title: 4 Your Eyez Only

text: 4 Your Eyez Only is the fourth studio album by American rapper J. Cole. It was released on December 9, 2016, by Dreamville Records, Roc Nation and Interscope Records. The album was Cole's first release with Interscope—his previous albums were released by Columbia Records. "4 Your Eyez Only" was released exactly two years after Cole's previous studio album, "2014 Forest Hills Drive".


title: 4 Your Eyez Only

text: Most of these recordings took place from 2015 to 2016, while the production on the album was primarily handled by Cole himself, alongside several other record producers such as Vinylz, Boi-1da, Cardiak, Ron Gilmore, Frank Dukes, Chargaux and Elite, among others. The album explores a variety of topics concerning the African American community including mass incarceration, racial discrimination, gang violence and depression. The album also touches on other topics such as love and fatherhood.


title: 4 Your Eyez Only

text: The album was supported by two singles: "Deja Vu," and "Neighbors". All 10 songs from "4 Your Eyez Only" debuted in the top 40 of the US "Billboard" Hot 100. Cole achieved twelve simultaneous Hot 100 entries in a single week. Promoting the release, Cole released a one-hour documentary () on April 15, 2017 on HBO, featuring music from the album. In June 2017, Cole embarked on the 4 Your Eyez Only World Tour, to promote the album.


title: 4 Your Eyez Only

text: "4 Your Eyez Only" debuted at number one on the US "Billboard" 200, selling 363,000 copies in its first week (492,000 with additional album-equivalent units), earning Cole his fourth consecutive number-one album in the country. It had the third-largest weekly sales for an album in 2016. The album also debuted at number one on "Billboard"s Canadian Albums Chart. The reception for "4 Your Eyez Only" was general acclaim; many critics praised Cole's songwriting and called it his most mature album to date. It appeared on several music publications' year-end lists. On January 12, 2017, "4 Your Eyez Only" was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America, and was certified Platinum on April 7, 2017.


title: 4 Your Eyez Only

text: On July 29, 2016, DJ Khaled released his ninth album, "Major Key" includes the fifth track of which—titled "Jermaine's Interlude"—features Cole. During his feature on that track, Cole declares, "Said all I could say, now I play with thoughts of retirement"—a line that had fans of Cole's wondering about the future of his music career. In October 2016, while performing at a live concert, Cole said that it would be his "last show for a very long time." However, on December 1, with no announcement from Cole himself, a pre-order for his fourth studio album, titled "4 Your Eyez Only" was made available on iTunes Store, with a release date for December 9, 2016. Dreamville Records revealed "4 Your Eyez Only" official track listing on December 6 through their Twitter account. According to a Twitter rep, there were 2.7 million tweets mentioning J. Cole or "4 Your Eyez Only" between December 7 to December 19, 2016. In January 2017, in an interview with "The Huffington Post", Cole's manager and Dreamville president, Ibrahim Hamad revealed not even the label knew they would be releasing "4 Your Eyez Only" until very late. By the time it actually came out only seven people had heard the album in its entirety.


title: 4 Your Eyez Only

text: The photo that forms the basis of the cover art was shot by Anthony "Supreme" Thompson, who is a photographer and a fan of Cole's. The photo was shot in an Atlanta neighborhood in September 2016. Thompson explained on Instagram:


title: 4 Your Eyez Only

text: The cover art was revealed when the album was made available for pre-order on iTunes. "XXL" named it one of the best cover arts of 2016.


title: 4 Your Eyez Only

text: The majority of the album was recorded at a home and recording studio in North Carolina that Cole nicknamed the Sheltuh. Some sessions also took place at Electric Lady Studios in New York City, over the summer of 2016. On March 18, 2016, an incident occurred at the Sheltuh that inspired the making of the track, "Neighbors", Dreamville in-house producer, Elite explained the situation in an interview with "Complex", saying:


title: 4 Your Eyez Only

text: According to Elite the title track "4 Your Eyez Only" started the entire concept of the album, he said:


title: 4 Your Eyez Only

text: The track "Ville Mentality" features a spoken interlude performed by a young girl. The girl was recorded by Cole while visiting and speaking with kids at an elementary school in his hometown, Fayetteville, North Carolina. The foundation for the track "For Whom the Bell Tolls" was produced by New York University student Elijah Scarlett, Dreamville president Ibrahim Hamad discovered the beat on SoundCloud in January 2016 and reached out to Scarlett. Cole provided co-production, Nico Segal, Anthony Ware, and Theo Croker added horns, while duo Chargaux added strings. "4 Your Eyez Only" is Scarlett's first major production credit, having previously only collaborated with friends. Producer Cardiak with help from Frank Dukes created the beat for the track "Immortal" with Cole in mind shortly after the release of Cole's previous album, "2014 Forest Hills Drive". In an interview with "XXL" magazine Cardiak said, "You know I was just always working on stuff for J. Cole. I had a idea of like the type of tracks he wanted, the sound and all that. I was just crafting a couple tracks. Shortly after "2014 Forest Hills Drive" came out, I sent that beat over and he liked it and he told me to put it to the side and here we are today." Classical string duo Chargaux are credited on seven of the album's ten tracks, and were on many of the songs that got cut.


title: 4 Your Eyez Only

text: They previously collaborated with Cole on the track "St. Tropez" from "2014 Forest Hills Drive". They provided string arrangements, background vocals and additional production on "4 Your Eyez Only".


title: 4 Your Eyez Only

text: Similar to his previous album, "4 Your Eyez Only" contains no features, other than Dreamville signee Ari Lennox who provided additional vocals on the track "Change". Ibrahim Hamad (Cole's manager) spoke on it saying: "Cole's never gonna force anything. He's not the guy that's out, hanging out with rappers or in the studio with rappers all day. He's really in the studio with his team and making music with his producers and his artists. He's done songs with other people involved but it might not make the album. [His artist] Ari [Lennox's] voice made the album on "Change" because she came in, added something to it and it worked. If it doesn't work, Cole's not gonna put it on there because it's a name. He's never gonna put it on there just to say he got a feature." He continued saying, "He also didn't go into it like, "I'm gonna have no features on this album." He didn't go into "Forest Hills Drive" initially saying he was gonna have no features. That's just how it ended up. At the end of the day, the most important thing to him and to all of us is how do we get this point that we're trying to get through and how do we make the best version of a song?".


title: 4 Your Eyez Only

text: Lyrically, the album follows the story of a young man, as he goes from selling crack, to falling in love and starting a family. In the final track, it is revealed that he has died, and almost the entire album is a tape he created for his daughter to listen to after he's gone. Upon release of "4 Your Eyez Only", many fans came up with theories about the meaning behind the album. Genius reached out to a source close to Dreamville, who confirmed that the storyline is about a real friend of Cole's, and that he changed the name to James for the sake of privacy. Casey Miller from the "Daily Emerald" described the album as "a track-by-track journey of a black man's experience of growing up in our nation, from encountering ghetto violence at a young age, suffering inescapable racial prejudices in real life and in the media and dealing with death and mortality. He also discusses falling in love and having a child, which provides a source of levity for the album because after all, not everything in life is tragic."


title: 4 Your Eyez Only

text: In an interview with Jon Caramanica for "The New York Times" in April 2017, Cole revealed that the album is told mostly through a character that's a composite of two men he grew up with in Fayetteville, Cole said:


title: 4 Your Eyez Only

text: On December 2, 2016, Cole released a 40-minute documentary, titled "Eyez" via Tidal. The film features behind-the-scenes footage of Cole working with collaborators on the album, and was directed by Scott Lazer. The documentary also includes two music videos for the tracks "False Prophets" and "Everybody Dies". Both tracks were initially included on the album, however, both songs were omitted due to them not fitting the album's concept. The documentary was uploaded on Dreamville's YouTube channel on December 5, 2016.


title: 4 Your Eyez Only

text: To further promote the album, Cole announced 4 Your Eyez Only World Tour on February 21, 2017. The tour included 62 dates across North America, Europe and Australia. The first 13 dates took place in smaller, intimate venues, while the next set of dates took place in arenas. The tour began June 1, 2017 in Columbia, South Carolina and concluded December 9, in Perth, Australia. A limited edition "4 Your Eyez Only" collectors set was made available for pre-order on February 22, 2017 via Dreamville's website, with a shipping and release date of April 28, 2017. The bundle included "4 Your Eyez Only" on vinyl, cassette and CD, or you could purchase each individually, the set also included limited artwork and "4 Your Eyez Only" tour pre-sale access. Dreamville artists J.I.D, Ari Lennox and Lute served as opening acts on the first leg of the tour. Singer Anderson Paak and rapper Bas served as opening acts on the second leg of the tour, along with J.I.D and Ari Lennox. EarthGang joined J.I.D and Ari Lennox as opening acts on the European leg. The tour grossed $40 million. On September 2, 2017, Cole performed his entire 4 Your Eyez Only Tour setlist at the Budweiser Made in America Festival in Philadelphia.


title: 4 Your Eyez Only

text: On March 24, 2017 HBO announced a second documentary with Cole tiled, "", the first being "" in 2016, the documentary aired April 15, 2017 on HBO and HBO Now. Incorporating music from "4 Your Eyez Only", Cole captured stories of residents in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Atlanta, Georgia, Ferguson, Missouri, his father's hometown, Jonesboro, Arkansas and his hometown, Fayetteville, North Carolina. "Entertainment Weekly" reported, "The documentary promises to illustrate how their struggles over viable housing, voting laws for felons, integration, and more mirror the frustrations felt across the nation." The documentary included security camera footage of a SWAT raid that took place on March 18, 2016 at Cole's North Carolina home studio, which served as inspiration for the track "Neighbors". Cole also previewed new music in the documentary. The film was directed by Cole and Scott Lazer. The documentary was exclusively screened at the Troxy in London on April 19, 2017. On May 1, 2017 the film was uploaded on Dreamville's YouTube channel. Writing for "Billboard", J'na Jefferson praised the film saying it "brings black perseverance to the forefront". Cole spoke about the documentary with "The New York Times" saying:


title: 4 Your Eyez Only

text: On January 10, 2017, "Deja Vu" was serviced to American mainstream urban radio, as the album's first single. The single debuted at number 7 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100, becoming Cole's first top 10 song. The single also debuted at number 4 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs.<ref name="Hot R&B/HipHop"></ref> The track was produced by Vinylz and Boi-1da, with additional production from Cole, Ron Gilmore and Velous and samples "Swing My Way" by K. P. & Envyi.


title: 4 Your Eyez Only

text: "Neighbors" was serviced to rhythmic radio on April 25, 2017 as the album's second single. "Neighbors" debuted at number 13 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 and number 8 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The song was produced by Cole, and during his 4 Your Eyez Only World Tour, Cole revealed the beat for "Neighbors" is the instrumental from his 2013 single, "Forbidden Fruit" played in reverse, with a tempo switch and snare removal. On May 1, 2017, the music video for "Neighbors" was uploaded on Cole's Vevo channel.


title: 4 Your Eyez Only

text: On December 5, "False Prophets" and "Everybody Dies" were released as singles to iTunes and all streaming services. Both tracks charted on the US "Billboard" Hot 100, "False Prophets" peaked at number 54, while "Everybody Dies" peaked at number 57. The beat for "False Prophets" was composed by producer Freddie Joachim. The instrumental, titled "Waves" was used by multiple artists, most notably, fellow rapper Joey Badass, who used it for his track, "Waves", off his debut mixtape, "1999" (2012). Joey Badass said that Cole played him the track months before its release. "XXL" and Capital XTRA named "False Prophets" one of the best hip hop songs of 2016. "XXL" also named "Everybody Dies" one of the best diss tracks of 2016, while also naming it one of the best verses of 2016. "2DOPEBOYZ" listed "Everybody Dies" among the best verses of 2016. On January 16, 2017, Cole released a track titled, "High for Hours", the song was produced by Elite and Cam O'bi. It was recorded in summer 2015 while on the Forest Hills Drive Tour, and was considered for "4 Your Eyez Only" but was omitted due to it not fitting the narrative.


title: 4 Your Eyez Only

text: Music videos for the tracks "For Whom the Bell Tolls", "Immortal", "Ville Mentality", "Change", "She's Mine Pt. 2" and "4 Your Eyez Only" were included in the "J. Cole: 4 Your Eyez Only" HBO documentary. Cole never officially released the videos separately from the documentary, but all were eventually uploaded to YouTube by accounts not associated with Cole.


title: 4 Your Eyez Only

text: Upon its release, "4 Your Eyez Only" received positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 75, based on 14 reviews. Rob Boffard of "Exclaim!" praised J. Cole's songwriting stating, "Cole has always been one of the most slept-on songwriters in hip-hop, and on this record, he's better than he's ever been." Writing for "The Guardian", Sheldon Pearce said, "there is still significant room for growth, but he has finally found his voice. It's only when he questioned his motivations that he discovered what was truly valuable: peace of mind." Jon Caramanica of "The New York Times" praised "4 Your Eyez Only", describing it as "spartan but sumptuous, emotionally acute but plain-spoken." He said, "there's an extraordinary sense of calm pervading this album, one of the year's most finely drawn." Jesse Fairfax from "HipHopDX" wrote that, "Cole deserves consideration for tugging at the heartstrings of listeners with raw human emotion but still leaves open the door to reach a musical zenith. Chris Robbins wrote a positive review for "XXL" saying, "4 Your Eyez Only" "is a solid, short listen that relies on J. Cole's strength and comfort zone, perhaps a little too much at times, but the underlying concepts continue to add a layer of depth to his artistry."


title: 4 Your Eyez Only

text: "Pitchfork" writer Paul A. Thompson gave the album a 6.7 out of 10 stating, "on J. Cole's fourth album, he wrestles with the fragility of life and the importance of family ties, he also sands down some of his worst impulses." Kahron Spearman from "The Daily Dot" wrote that "though love and hope are sufficient motifs, Cole still suffers from lack of specificity (even when he channels one very specific character). No particular track punches through. Per Cole's usual, no new ground has been discovered—but in the right space, "4 Your Eyez Only" pierces hearts. J. Cole made another wildly popular, OK rap album—and for now, that's fine." Writing for ""New York" ("Vulture")", Craig Jenkins declared it Cole's "best and most mature album." In a positive review from "The Advocate", Josh Jackson stated, "it may not have the force of "2014 Forest Hills Drive", but this is a highly personal set, confirming Cole's status as one of the best young rappers out there. Writing for "The Hoya", Pranav Marupudi called the album Cole's "most mature yet, demonstrating, once again, that he may be one of the most talented rappers in the game."


title: 4 Your Eyez Only

text: "4 Your Eyez Only" received an editor rating of 83% on "HotNewHipHop", they praised the album saying, it "overcomes an ambitious concept and a couple of awkward moments to stand as J. Cole's best album." Dominic Griffin writing for "Spectrum Culture", gave the album 3 out of 5 stars, he stated: "J. Cole isn't as restlessly inventive or innovative as Kendrick Lamar. He's also not as charismatic or solipsistic as Drake. Here he smartly splits the difference between his closest competitors." William Sutton of "PopMatters" wrote a positive review, deeming the album Cole's "most mature and cohesive record to date", he commented saying: "Whilst "4 Your Eyez Only" may not be full of the political rage and rhetoric of "Run the Jewels" or the figurehead positioning of "To Pimp a Butterfly", it presents another perspective, a simpler, more grounded viewpoint. The record is written from the point of view of the very people who the media frequently discuss but rarely talk directly to. In its own way, it makes "4 Your Eyez Only" as powerful as any of these other releases that have been held up by critics and fans alike." In an interview with "Sporting News" in December 2016, NBA player Karl-Anthony Towns praised the album, calling it "dopest album of the year".


title: 4 Your Eyez Only

text: At the end of 2016, "4 Your Eyez Only" appeared on a number of critics' lists ranking the year's top albums. "HipHopDX" listed the album at number 20 on their list of the 20 best rap albums of 2016, they commented saying, "Brandishing polished storytelling abilities (with the real-life account of "Neighbors" and the moving title track), the Villematic undoubtedly forgot a lot of the energy at home at "Forest Hills Drive". Nonetheless, the succinct project was ripe for catalog building for one of the game's current elites." "The Boombox" listed the album at number 14, writer David Winter commented saying, "Cole inhabits different personas throughout "4 Your Eyez Only" but it all feels like his voice. When he raps about doing laundry or being harassed by racist neighbors and the police, you know that it's coming from a very real place. It makes for one of the year's most somber—but rewarding—releases. This guy just keeps getting better." Sam Bennett of Contactmusic.com listed "4 Your Eyez Only" among his top ten albums of 2016, he praised the album saying: "Cole is one of the most important voices in modern music, and with this latest LP he's crafted another body of work that points to rappers like Cole and Kendrick Lamar, who are making provocative, artistic albums that impact the music scene and spark conversation between people, being real contenders for those revered "Top Five Dead Or Alive" conversations."


title: 4 Your Eyez Only

text: "XXL" named the album one of the best hip hop projects of 2016, they said, ""4 Your Eyez Only" is a wonderfully well-produced concept album that tells two sides of a coming-of-age story from a young man who lives his life on the streets. Cole follows the same script as his previous album, "2014 Forest Hills Drive", delivering heartfelt, honest lyrics that brings fans closer into his mind." "Rolling Stone" listed the album at number 35 on their list of the 40 best rap albums of 2016, Timmhotep Aku commented saying: "this album is more than a 10-track eulogy: It's a well-executed meditation on love, loss, fatherhood and being black in America. Good reason to root for the underdog." "Rap-Up" listed the album at number 18 on their editors' list of the 20 best rap albums of 2016, while it was listed at number 5 by fans on their readers' choice list. "The Birmingham News" named the album one of their favorites from a Southern musician in 2016, writer Jared Boyd said: "Much sharper and less fluffy than his commercial output to date, "4 Your Eyez Only" isn't a landmark record, by any means, but another step in the right direction after Cole's fan favorite "2014 Forest Hill Drive"".


title: 4 Your Eyez Only

text: "4 Your Eyez Only" received nominations for Top Rap Album at the 2017 "Billboard" Music Awards, and Album of the Year at the 2017 BET Awards. The album was also nominated for Album of the Year at the 2017 BET Hip Hop Awards. 4 Your Eyez Only World Tour was nominated for Top Rap Tour at the 2018 "Billboard" Music Awards.


title: 4 Your Eyez Only

text: In the United States, "4 Your Eyez Only" debuted at number one on the "Billboard" 200 with 492,000 album-equivalent units, of which 363,000 were pure album sales, becoming Cole's fourth number one album. It had the third-largest weekly sales for an album in 2016, behind "Views" by Drake and "Lemonade" by Beyoncé. It was also the second-largest weekly streaming figure for an album in 2016, tallying 118,000 in SEA units (equaling 51.7 million streams of the album's songs) behind only "Views". "4 Your Eyez Only", "Views" and The Weeknd's "Starboy" were the first albums ever to move over 100,000 albums in a week with streaming alone. Cole joined DMX and Drake as one of only three rappers to have their first four studio albums reach number one on the "Billboard" 200. The album remained in the chart's top five for the next several weeks. On January 12, 2017, "4 Your Eyez Only" was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), and only three months later was certified Platinum on April 7, 2017. In Canada, the album debuted at number one, selling 31,000 copies.


title: 4 Your Eyez Only

text: "Deja Vu" entered the US "Billboard" Hot 100 at number 7 without being released as a single at the time, becoming Cole's highest charting song. All 10 songs from "4 Your Eyez Only" debuted in the top 40 of the Hot 100, after only having four top 40 entries as a solo artist. Cole achieved twelve simultaneous Hot 100 entries in a single week.


title: 4 Your Eyez Only

text: Upon the release of "Eyez" documentary, "Everybody Dies" and "False Prophets" caused controversy within the hip hop community, as many assumed that "Everybody Dies" contained shots aimed at fellow rappers Lil Uzi Vert and Lil Yachty. During an interview with Los Angeles' radio station Power 106, Lil Yachty responded, saying: "I don't listen to J. Cole [but] I definitely listened to it [and] people said he was talking about me. He said 'Lil.' I'm not little. My name has 'Lil' in it but there's a lot of 'Lil' rappers. [It's] either me or Uzi. Honestly, I don't give a fuck." Lil Uzi Vert acknowledged the track, he responded via Twitter on December 2, 2016 by simply tweeting, "Heard some beautiful shit today @JColeNC" People also argued that the first verse on "False Prophets" consisted of direct shots at


title: 4 Your Eyez Only

text: rapper Kanye West, due to Cole's referencing to West's altering public perception by the media and fans; as well as Kanye's recent hospitalization. Many also presumed that the second verse was directed at rapper Wale, with Cole saying that despite Wale's fourth album receiving fairly well critical and commercial success, Wale remains misunderstood and slighted by his peers. On December 3, Wale released a track, called "Groundhog Day" as a response to "False Prophets", and the pair were spotted together in Raleigh, North Carolina at a North Carolina State University basketball game later that day. Cole spoke about "False Prophets" in an interview with "The New York Times", saying:


title: 4 Your Eyez Only

text: Upon release of "4 Your Eyez Only", producers Vinylz and Boi-1da accused producer Foreign Teck of stealing their beat, to Cole's track "Deja Vu" and giving it to singer Bryson Tiller for his hit record "Exchange", explaining why the tracks share similarities. Vinylz said Cole's track was recorded before Tiller's, and that he sent Foreign Teck a video of him making the beat to "Deja Vu", and a week later Teck posted a beat on Instagram with the same drums. Vinylz also alleged that Foreign Teck offered him publishing, a tacit admission that he had reverse engineered the beat. Another producer by the name of Gmoney Baby also claimed that he made the beat. In an interview with "Billboard", Ibrahim Hamad revealed that "Deja Vu" was originally intended for Cole's previous album, "2014 Forest Hills Drive" (2014). He commented on the issue saying:


title: 4 Your Eyez Only

text: Credits adapted from 4 Your Eyez Only liner notes on Dreamville's official website and BMI's Repertoire.


title: Nellore

text: Nellore is a city located on the banks of Penna River, in Nellore district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It serves as the headquarters of the district, as well as Nellore mandal and Nellore revenue division. It is the fourth most populous city in the state. It is at a distance of 700 km from Visakhapatnam and about 170 km north of Chennai, Tamil Nadu and also about 380 km east-northeast of Bangalore, Karnataka.


title: Nellore

text: There are various theories linked to the origin of the name "Nellore". A mythological story from Sthala Purana depicts, a lingam in the form of a stone under "nelli tree" (""Nelli"" stands for "emblica Tree" in Tamil). The place gradually became "Nelli-ooru" ("ooru" generally stands for place in Telugu) and then to present day "Nellore". Another explanation is that the town got its name from the extensive cultivation of paddy in and around it (""Nell"" meaning "paddy" in Telugu). The "Gazetteer of the Nellore District" considers the latter the more plausible etymology.


title: Nellore

text: Nellore had been under the rule of Mauryas, Satavahanas, Cholas, Pallavas, Pandyas, Kharavela of Chedi dynasty, Kakatiyas, Eastern Gangas of Kalinga Empire, Vijayanagara Empire, Arcot Nawabs and other dynasties.


title: Nellore

text: Nellore was ruled by Ashoka of the Mauryan dynasty in the 3rd century BCE. Nellore was conquered by the rulers of the Pallava Dynasty and it was under their rule till the 6th century CE, subsequently the Chola rulers ruled Nellore for a long period of time. The Cholas met their decline in the 13th Century CE. Tamil inscriptions indicate that it formed part of Chola kingdom till their decline in the thirteenth century CE. It later became a part of Kakatiyas, Vijayanagara Empire, Sultanate of Golconda, Mughal Empire and Arcot Nawabdom. In the 18th century, Nellore was taken over by the British from the Arcot Nawabs and was part of the Madras Presidency of British India.


title: Nellore

text: The first account was by produced by John Boswell in 1873 as collector. This report by the British Includes Climate, agricultaure, health statistics as well important taxation information. Social structure including important families of Nellore from the 1800's. These included Venketagiri Raja, kalhastri Rajah, The Chundi Zamindhar, The Mutiyalpad Zamindhar, Sayidapur Zamindhar, Jupalli Zamindhars of Udayagiri, Udayagiri Jaghirediar, the Vazella Zamidhars of Gudur, Zamindhars of Ongole, Turrawar Poligar, Tadeboyina Polighar, The Chettiars Polighar, The Udathawar Polighar, The Gangulawar Poighar and Buchireddypalem Family. These families under the British Raj were responsible for the villages and lands in their possession. The British recognized the importance of Nellore in cultivation as well as important port of Krishnapatam.


title: Nellore

text: The city had an important role in the emergence of the Telugu language and the formation of the state of Andhra Pradesh. Potti Sriramulu, who fasted until death for the formation of Andhra Pradesh, hailed from Nellore.


title: Nellore

text: The climate of Nellore city can be placed under Tropical Savanna climate category according to Köppen climate classification which has hot and humid summers and warm winters. April and May are the hottest months and the hot conditions generally last until the end of the June. December, January and February are the coolest months. As the Bay of Bengal is at a distance of from the city, the sea breeze renders the climate of the city moderate both in winter and in summer. Humidity level in the city is high due to its proximity to the coast. Nellore does not receive the south-west monsoon. Rainfall in Nellore occurs between the months of October and December due to the north-east monsoon. This period gives about 60 percent of the city's annual rainfall. Cyclones are common in the city during this period, causing floods and havoc.


title: Nellore

text: The maximum temperature is during summer and the minimum temperature is during winter. The rainfall ranges from through South West and North East Monsoons. Nellore is subject both to droughts and to floods based on the seasons.


title: Nellore

text: census, Nellore city had a population of 505,258. The average literacy rate stands at 83.59% (male 87.53%; female 79.52%) with 387,192 literates, significantly higher than the state average of 73.00%. The expanded city population post merger of 15 gram panchayats into Nellore Municipal


title: Nellore

text: Nellore Municipal Corporation was constituted as a municipality on 1 November 1866 by the Madras District Municipality Act. It was upgraded to corporation on 18 October 2004 and has a jurisdictional area of with 54 wards. In 2013, fifteen gram panchayats namely, Allipuram, Ambhapuram, Buja Buja Nellore, Chinthareddypalem, Gudupallipadu, Gundlapalem, Kallurupalli, Kanaparthypadu, Kodurupadu, Narayanareddypeta, Navalakulathota, Nellore Bit-I (Kothuru), Peddacherukuru, Pottipalem, Vavilatepadhu were merged into the municipal corporation. Present mayor of the city is Abdul Aziz.


title: Nellore

text: The city is one among the 31 cities in the state to be a part of water supply and sewerage services mission known as "Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT)".


title: Nellore

text: Nellore is represented by Nellore City assembly constituency and Nellore Rural assembly constituency for Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly. Anil Kumar Poluboina is the present MLA of Nellore City assembly constituency representing YSRCP. Kotamreddy Sridhar Reddy is the present MLA of Nellore Rural assembly constituency representing YSRCP.


title: Nellore

text: The residents of the city are generally referred as "Nelloreans". The Rottela Panduga (Roti festival) is an annual urs event celebrated at the Bara Shaheed Dargah (shrine of twelve martyrs) on the banks of Swarnala Cheruvu. The event got its name after the practice of exchanging flat breads and attracts visitors from all religious backgrounds every year and from all over the country and also from foreign countries.


title: Nellore

text: "Chepala Pulusu (fish curry)" is a non-vegetarian recipe of the Nellore district, prepared from Korramennu. Malai Kaja Nellore Famous Sweet is a local sweet made from maida, milk and sugar.


title: Nellore

text: Local transport in the city include, two, three and four wheelers. Of these, privately operated auto rickshaws accounts to around 7,000, dominating most part of the city for local commuting. Nellore bus station of the city operates district and long-distance services. is classified as an "A grade" and "Adarsh station" in the Vijayawada railway division of South Central Railway zone. The city also has three small railway stations namely, , Vedayapalem. and Padugupadu railway station The Southern Railway operates MEMUs regularly for commuting between Nellore and . There is also a proposal to build a no frills airport for the city.


title: Nellore

text: The city has a total road length of . The proposed Outer Ring Road, existing arterial and internal roads helps reduce traffic congestion. The city is connected with major National highways such as, National Highway 16, a part of Asian Highway 45 and Golden Quadrilateral, bypasses the city.


title: Nellore

text: The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools of the "School Education Department" of the state. The medium of instruction followed by different schools are English, Telugu.


title: Nellore

text: Zaminryot newspaper, established in 1930, and Lawyer weekly newspaper are based out of Nellore. In addition, Eenadu, Vaartha AndhraJyothy and Sakshi newspapers are also printing local editions in Nellore.


title: Wes Lee

text: Deveon Everhart Aikens (born November 2, 1988) is an American professional wrestler. He is currently signed to WWE, where he performs on the NXT brand under the ring name Wes Lee, and is the current NXT North American Champion in his first reign. He is also former two-time WWE NXT Tag Team Champion.


title: Wes Lee

text: He is best known for his time in Impact Wrestling under the ring name Dezmond Xavier (or simply Dez). He is well known as a member of The Rascalz with Zachary Wentz, Trey Miguel, and Myron Reed. He also performed on independent promotions, mostly notably for Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (PWG), where he was one-half of the PWG World Tag Team Champions alongside Wentz.


title: Wes Lee

text: Dezmond Xavier made his wrestling debut in 2011. In 2017 at WrestleCircus he won the WC Sideshow Championship by defeating Joey Ryan.Afterwards he went to wrestle in Desastre Total Ultraviolento where he won the DTU Alto Impacto Championship.


title: Wes Lee

text: In 2015 Dezmond Xavier teamed with Zachary Wentz while working in the independent circuit and formed a tag team by the name of Scarlet and Graves. The team competed in Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW) where he and Wentz went on to become 2-time Combat Zone Wrestling World Tag Team Champions their first time at an event called 'Cage Of Death 18' on December 10, 2016 against EYFBO and their second time at Lucha Forever Catch Me Outside against CCK Chris Brookes and Kid Lykos after losing the titles to them in year 2017. In year 2016 before he and Wentz second AAW World Tag Title reign Dezmond Xavier and Wentz at Xtreme Intense Championship Wrestling teamed together with Trey Miguel, Aaron Williams, Kyle Maverick and the all five of them together won the XICW Tag Team Championships. Also a year after that in year 2017 he and Wentz went on to wrestle at All American Wrestling where they went on to win the AAW World Tag Team Championships on July 15, 2017 at "United We Stand against" A. R. Fox "and" Rey Fenix. A year later after that Trey Miguel and Myron Reed joined the group and then the group name changed into The Rascalz.


title: Wes Lee

text: Also in the year 2018 Dezmond Xavier and Zachary Wentz wrestled at The Wrestling Revolver where they won both the PWR Tag Team Championships and the One Night Tag Team Tournament of year 2018. In Year 2021 Dezmond Xavier and Wentz also went on to Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (PWG) to win the PWG World Tag Team Championships.


title: Wes Lee

text: In 2017 Dezmond Xavier signed with Impact Wrestling. On the April 20 episode of "Impact Wrestling", Xavier made his debut in a six-way match for the X Division Championship. His first singles match in Impact took place on the July 8 episode of "Xplosion", where he defeated Idris Abraham. Later that month, Xavier entered the 2017 GFW Super X Cup tournament, in which he defeated Idris Abraham in the quarterfinals, Drago in the semifinals, and Taiji Ishimori in the final to win the 2017 GFW Super X Cup. In October, Xavier made his pay-per-view debut at Bound for Glory, where he competed against Trevor Lee, Garza Jr., Matt Sydal, Petey Williams and Sonjay Dutt in a six-way match for the X Division Championship but failed to win the title. Xavier also received a singles title shot for the X Division Championship against Taiji Ishimori on the January 18, 2018 episode of "Impact!", which he lost.


title: Wes Lee

text: At Redemption, Xavier competed in a six-way X Division match, which he lost. He then lost to Brian Cage at the Under Pressure special to determine the #1 contender for the X Division Championship and he also lost to Brian Cage in a match for the X Division Championship on an episode of Impact Wrestling as well. He also has another title challenge for the X Division Championship in 2018 against Matt Sydal at the One Night Only pay-per-view event Zero Fear, in which he came up short. He then took a brief hiatus from Impact.


title: Wes Lee

text: In late 2018, Xavier was aligned with Trey Miguel and Zachary Wentz, forming a fan favorite stable under the name The Rascalz. A vignette aired promoting the debut of Rascalz on the November 15 episode of "Impact!". Xavier returned to Impact, teaming with Wentz under the new stable name on the November 29 episode of "Impact!", where they defeated the team of Chris Bey and Mike Sydal. After months of competing in the tag team division in the fall of 2018 and early 2019, the trio made their pay-per-view debut at Rebellion in April, and lost to Moose and The North. Around this time Xavier shortened his ring name to Dez while Trey Miguel and Zachary Wentz shortened their ring names to Trey and Wentz respectively. At Slammiversary XVII, Dez and Wentz unsuccessfully challenged The North for the World Tag Team Championship in a three-way match, also involving Latin American Exchange (Santana and Ortiz). Dez and Trey then unsuccessfully challenged North for the World Tag Team Championship on the August 2 episode of "Impact!".


title: Wes Lee

text: In October, Dez competed against Sami Callihan in a losing effort at the Impact Plus event Prelude to Glory. In December, Dez unsuccessfully challenged Ace Austin for the X Division Championship at Motown Showdown. In 2020, Dez and Wentz unsuccessfully challenged The North for the World Tag Team Championship at February's Sacrifice event. Dez and Wentz continued their success in the tag team division by defeating XXXL and the team of TJP and Fallah Bahh at the Rebellion special. On the June 2 episode of "Impact!", Dez and Wentz defeated TJP and Bahh to earn a World Tag Team Championship against The North on the June 16 episode of "Impact!", which they lost. On July 18, 2020, Dez and Wentz issued an open challenge to any tag team at Slammiversary. The reunited Motor City Machine Guns accepted the challenge and won the match.


title: Wes Lee

text: Dragon Gate announced the debut of Xavier and his indy tag team partner Zachary Wentz at "Open The New Year Gate", Dragon Gate's first show of 2018. They debuted on 13 January, where Xavier and Wentz, collectively known as Scarlet and Graves, teamed with Susumu Yokosuka in a winning effort against Genki Horiguchi, Flamita and Bandido.


title: Wes Lee

text: On the July 18, 2018, episode of "Lucha Underground" he made his debut under the name Dezmond X defeating Paul London for one of the seven ancient Aztec Medallions. The series was discontinued after season finale, "Ultima Lucha Cuatro".


title: Wes Lee

text: On December 2, 2020, he signed a contract with WWE and was assigned to the WWE Performance Center. On the January 13, 2021 episode of NXT, Xavier, now going by the ring name Wes Lee, and his tag team partner Zachary Wentz, now going by the ring name Nash Carter, debuted under the new team name MSK. They debuted in the Men's Dusty Rhodes Tag Team Classic tournament, which they won. At Night One, MSK defeated the Grizzled Young Veterans (James Drake and Zack Gibson) and Legado Del Fantasma (Raul Mendoza and Joaquin Wilde) in a triple threat match for the vacant NXT Tag Team Championship. On an episode of NXT, MSK defeated Fantasma to retain their tag titles. At , MSK teamed with NXT North American Champion Bronson Reed to defeat Legado Del Fantasma in a winner takes all match which MSK won. At , MSK defeated Ciampa and Timothy Thatcher for the tag titles. Over the next two months, MSK defended their titles against Imperium and Oney Lorcan and Danny Burch.


title: Wes Lee

text: At , Imperium defeated MSK in a Lumber Jack-o'-Lantern Tag Team match to win the titles, only for MSK to reclaim them at NXT Stand & Deliver. However, just four days later, on April 5, 2022, it was reported that WWE had released Carter due to multiple domestic abuse allegations and photos relating to Adolf Hitler and Nazi symbolism. WWE later confirmed that the NXT Tag Team Championships were officially vacated on April 8, 2022, ending Lee's second reign at six days and also leading to the end of the group MSK in WWE.


title: Wes Lee

text: On the April 19 episode of "NXT 2.0", Lee returned to television, vaguely addressing the vacating of the tag titles, before being confronted by Xyon Quinn. This led to a match between Quinn and Lee later in the evening, with Lee losing. On the May 24, 2022 episode of "NXT 2.0", Lee lost against Sanga, and was taunted by Quinn before Sanga pulled him away. The following week, Lee challenged Quinn to a match and won. On the June 14, 2022 episode of NXT 2.0 Wes Lee had another highly acclaimed against Xyon Quinn that he also was successful at winning in. At , Lee lost to Trick Williams after Williams rubbed an unknown substance into Lee's eyes.


title: Wes Lee

text: On October 22 at NXT Halloween Havoc, Lee won the vacant NXT North American Championship in a five-man ladder match involving Carmelo Hayes, Von Wagner, Oro Mansah and Nathan Frazer. This is also Lee's first singles championship win in his career. On the November 1 episode of "NXT", NXT Tag Team Champions Pretty Deadly interrupted NXT Champion Bron Breakker. This led to Lee coming out, where he and Breakker challenged Pretty Deadly to a match for their tag team championship later in the show; Lee and Breakker were unsuccessful after Hayes interfered.


title: Wes Lee

text: As Wes Lee, Aikens made his video game debut in "WWE 2K22" as apart of the Stand Back DLC Pack, alongside Stacy Keibler, The Hurricane, and A-Kid.


title: Simon Williams (actor)

text: Simon Williams (born 16 June 1946) is a British actor known for playing James Bellamy in the period drama "Upstairs, Downstairs". Frequently playing upper middle class or aristocratic upper class roles, he is also known for playing Charles Cartwright in the sitcom "Don't Wait Up" and Charles Merrick in medical drama "Holby City". Since 2014, he has played the character of Justin Elliott in the long-running BBC Radio 4 series "The Archers".


title: Simon Williams (actor)

text: Simon Williams was born in Windsor in 1946; his parents were actor Hugh Williams and actress and model Margaret Vyner. His sister Polly married his "Don't Wait Up" co-star and friend Nigel Havers. His brother is the poet Hugo Williams.


title: Simon Williams (actor)

text: Williams was educated at Harrow School. He trained in repertory at Worthing, Birmingham and Bath, and later joined the Theatre Workshop.


title: Simon Williams (actor)

text: Williams has appeared on stage in many productions, and has also directed a number of plays. He first appeared on television in 1967 in "Man in a Suitcase", and in 1969 played the lead role in "Slim John". He got his big break in 1971 when he made his first appearance as James Bellamy in the "Upstairs, Downstairs" episode "Board Wages". Williams would go on to appear in 37 episodes until the penultimate episode "All the King's Horses" in 1975. Following this, he appeared in "Wodehouse Playhouse". From 1979 to 1981, he played Laurence Lucas in "Agony", a role he reprised in 1995 in "Agony Again". His film career includes appearances in "The Touchables" (1968), "The Breaking of Bumbo" (1970), "The Blood on Satan's Claw" (1971), "Three for All" (1976), "The Incredible Sarah" (1976), "Jabberwocky" (1977), "The Uncanny" (1977), "The Odd Job" (1978), and the Peter Sellers films "The Prisoner of Zenda" (1979), and "The Fiendish Plot of Dr. Fu Manchu" (1980). He also played Nigel Pennington-Smythe in the TV reunion film "Return of the Man from U.N.C.L.E." (1983). In 1996, he voiced the Bishop in "The Willows in Winter".


title: Simon Williams (actor)

text: In 1981, he played Buddo in the TV series "Kinvig". In 1985, Williams replaced Richard Heffer to play Dr. Charles Cartwright in the sitcom "Don't Wait Up", a role Williams continued for three series until 1990. In the meantime, he had also appeared in "Juliet Bravo", the "Doctor Who" serial "Remembrance of the Daleks" as Group Captain Gilmore, "Minder", and the pilot of "The Alleyn Mysteries", in which he played Roderick Alleyn. He also was a guest star on the television series "Cluedo" where he played murder victim Mr. Chapman. He was a celebrity player on "Pass the Buck" on Christmas Eve 1986.


title: Simon Williams (actor)

text: Williams also played Captain Hastings in several BBC Radio 4 adaptations of Agatha Christie novels, starring John Moffatt as Hercule Poirot.


title: Simon Williams (actor)

text: Williams has appeared in episodes of "Bergerac", "Dangerfield", "dinnerladies", "The Scarlet Pimpernel", "Dalziel and Pascoe", "Bad Girls", "The Inspector Lynley Mysteries", "Starhunter 2300", "Cutting It", "Heartbeat", "Family Affairs", "Doctors", "The Bill", "Diamond Geezer 2", "Kingdom" and "First Among Equals". In 1992 Williams starred in the series "The Mixer", his co-star was Jeremy Clyde of Chad & Jeremy fame, and appeared as Charles Elliot in the 1997 film "The Opium War". Williams has also had recurring roles as Gerald Trigg in "Law and Disorder" in 1994 and Sir Charles Merrick in "Holby City" from 2000 to 2003. In 2000, he appeared on BBC Radio's "Just a Minute". In 2002 he appeared in the film "The Gathering Storm", and has also appeared in the "Doctor Who" audio drama "Nekromanteia". In 2008, he appeared in an episode of the BBC spy series "Spooks" as bank owner Sir Francis Denham. In 2009, Williams returned to the fictional world of Holby to make a one-off appearance in "Casualty" as Professor de Silva, the father of junior doctor Toby de Silva. In 2010, he appeared as Lord Godwyn in the television series "Merlin" in the episode "The Changeling".


title: Simon Williams (actor)

text: In 2010, Williams contributed to the CD "We Will Remember Them", published by the Royal British Legion, where he read three of the poems. Williams has also written two novels, "Talking Oscars" and "Kill the Lights", and has written several plays. In early November 2007, he performed in "Curtain up! Lights up! Cock up!" at the Jermyn Street Theatre near Piccadilly Circus in London.


title: Simon Williams (actor)

text: Williams has served the Actors' Charitable Trust and Denville Hall for more than 30 years, including 15 years as joint chairman with Angela Thorne. He has donated his time and expertise to the Sir Terence Rattigan Charitable Trust, the King George V Fund for Actors and Actresses, and several other charities.


title: Simon Williams (actor)

text: Williams made a guest appearance in the fourth season of the Canadian series "Murdoch Mysteries", in 2011. The episode was entitled "Downstairs, Upstairs" in honour of the actor's famous role.


title: Simon Williams (actor)

text: Williams has appeared in the audio series "Counter-Measures" and its follow-up "The New Counter-Measures". He has also appeared in a stage adaptation of "Chariots of Fire" (2012), in the BBC television series "Father Brown" (2015), in BBC One soap "EastEnders" (2017), in Alan Bennett's play "Allelujah" (2018), in the BBC television series "" (2020), and as Joe Biden in the play "The 47th" by Mike Bartlett (2022).


title: Simon Williams (actor)

text: Williams married actress Belinda Carroll, with whom he had two children, Tam and Amy, both actors. They divorced. He married again in 1986 to the actress Lucy Fleming, the daughter of Peter Fleming and Celia Johnson and the niece of "James Bond" creator Ian Fleming.


title: Machina/The Machines of God

text: Machina/The Machines of God is the fifth studio album by the American alternative rock band the Smashing Pumpkins, released on February 29, 2000, by Virgin Records. A concept album, it marked the return of drummer Jimmy Chamberlin and was intended to be the band's final official LP release prior to their initial break-up in 2000. A sequel album—"Machina II/The Friends & Enemies of Modern Music"—was later released independently via the Internet, and in highly limited quantities for the physical version.


title: Machina/The Machines of God

text: Following the gothic and industrial rock elements established by its predecessor, "Adore", "Machina" again proved controversial to the band's fan base and failed to reconnect them with chart-topping success. However, after the relatively brief "Adore" tour, the new line-up with Chamberlin and the former Hole bass guitarist Melissa Auf der Maur mounted longer international tours that returned the live incarnation of the band to a guitar-driven hard rock style.


title: Machina/The Machines of God

text: After the "Adore" tour ended in the second half of 1998, lead singer/guitarist Billy Corgan immediately began to work on new material, playing new songs as early as October of that year. In the same month, the four original band members convened, and decided that Jimmy Chamberlin would rejoin the band, and that a final album and tour would be mounted before the group disbanded permanently. "If you want to know what Jimmy brings back to the band," Corgan told "Q", "then listen to "Adore" and this new record back-to-back. It speaks for itself." According to an August 19, 2014 interview with Ryan Leas, Corgan explained, "I was thinking like, you know, what the Beatles did with Sgt. Pepper’s. Why can’t we make a really different type of record? So that was my thinking going into it."


title: Machina/The Machines of God

text: Corgan envisioned a lengthy concept album in conjunction with a musical theater approach to a tour, based around the idea of the band playing exaggerated versions of themselves, as the press and public seemed to view them. He later explained, "the band had become such cartoon characters at that point in the way we were portrayed in the media, the idea was that we would sort of go out and pretend we were the cartoon characters." From there, a story was conceived revolving around a rock star named Zero (based on the public persona of Corgan) hearing the voice of God, renaming himself Glass, and renaming his band The Machines of God. Fans of the band were referred to as the "Ghost Children".


title: Machina/The Machines of God

text: Corgan originally wanted "Machina" to be a double album, but Virgin Records was not interested after the disappointing sales of "Adore".


title: Machina/The Machines of God

text: Much like previous albums, the songs were first tracked acoustically at Corgan's house in late 1998 before the band set to work on them at their practice space and the Chicago Recording Company. The recording was conducted with the team responsible for finishing "Adore" – co-producer Flood and engineers Howard Willing and Bjorn Thorsrud.


title: Machina/The Machines of God

text: The band took a break from recording in April 1999 to embark on the Arising! tour, which took the band to nine small clubs. After the tour's conclusion, the bass guitarist, D'arcy Wretzky, left the band, leaving the rest of them in a difficult position. Corgan later said, "This put a stress obviously on the full integrity of the project, because it was connected to the band not only bringing the music to fruition fully, but also the public component of being in character. I ended up in a broken band with a half-ass enthusiasm towards finishing a project already started."


title: Machina/The Machines of God

text: Flood later remembered, "We decided that we were going to have to make a very different kind of record [...] we pretty much went back to the drawing board. Certain songs on the record are survivors from that first period, but it meant a shift in the ways songs had to be formed."


title: Machina/The Machines of God

text: Corgan described the new recording process for "Machina", now focused more on the song development than on the concept:


title: Machina/The Machines of God

text: In the end, the theatrical qualities of the live performances and appearances were mostly abandoned. Many of the songs on the album refer to the ending of love and relationships (both romantic and otherwise), most of them obvious references to the band themselves. Corgan described "This Time" as "my love song to the band". According to Corgan, the album was structured so that the first eight tracks would be "more poppy", and the last seven "more arty". Generally, Corgan appraised the sound of the album as "a rock 'n' roll approach with pop sensibility". After the electronica-influenced "Adore", "Machina" was a return to the distorted guitar sound of previous albums, though synthesizers and acoustic guitars were still heavily used.


title: Machina/The Machines of God

text: "Machina" was released as a single album on February 29, 2000, with a bonus disc, "Still Becoming Apart", available at certain stores.


title: Machina/The Machines of God

text: A video was made for "Stand Inside Your Love", the planned first single, in late 1999, but at the last minute, "The Everlasting Gaze" was issued as the album's first promotional radio single in December 1999. "Stand Inside Your Love" was released as the first commercially available single on January 21, 2000. "I of the Mourning" was also released as a promotional single and received limited airplay. "Heavy Metal Machine" was issued as a promotional cassette but was not distributed to radio stations.


title: Machina/The Machines of God

text: On March 9, the band went on the Thursday edition of "@MTV Week" at Broadway Studios in New York City for a half-hour live TV special. During the broadcast they performed "The Everlasting Gaze" as well as "I of the Mourning" after an online and call-in voting competition between three songs from "Machina". The special also featured Carson Daly interviewing the band members and online chats with the band, and an interactive online video for "The Crying Tree of Mercury".


title: Machina/The Machines of God

text: On May 23, Corgan announced on KROQ-FM that the band would be breaking up at the end of the year. The band reconvened in a studio to finish off the leftover "Machina" tracks, but Virgin remained uninterested, so the band released "Machina II" on their own in September, handing them off to fans to distribute free over the Internet.


title: Machina/The Machines of God

text: The video for the final single, "Try, Try, Try", directed by Jonas Åkerlund, was released on September 11, 2000, but did not receive airplay in the US due to its graphic content.


title: Machina/The Machines of God

text: Although the full extent of the original concept went unrealized, the storyline of Glass was tied to the album's release and marketing. A sequence of writings, by Corgan, were released under the name "Glass and the Machines of God" starting in the CD booklet and continuing over the Internet and elsewhere. Corgan challenged fans to solve the ""Machina" mystery" hinted at through it all, and in December 2000 posted his favorite fan interpretations.


title: Machina/The Machines of God

text: The booklet artwork, a series of paintings by Vasily Kafanov, loosely told the album's story while hinting at themes related to alchemy, chemistry, metallurgy, physics, medicine, astrology, semiotics, mysticism, spiritualism, and art. The album was nominated for a 2001 Grammy for Best Recording Package.


title: Machina/The Machines of God

text: In June 2001, a viral marketing campaign written by Jim Evans and Ben Allgood was launched via the Smashing Pumpkins message board, encouraging users to seek out mysterious websites and video clips. This early example of an internet-based alternate reality game eventually unveiled the news of a new online animated series by Sony based on the "Machina" story. Due in part to the changing circumstances surrounding the album's rollout, the series was shelved before any episodes were completed, though several portions have been leaked to YouTube. In a 2010 interview, Corgan commented on the abandoned cartoon, stating, "Yeah, I think you can find a few bits and pieces, but it never got finished unfortunately. That would've at least explained what the fuck I was trying to do [laughs]. I'm not even sure now what I was trying to do. But I was trying to do something."


title: Machina/The Machines of God

text: According to Metacritic, the album received generally favorable reviews, scoring 66 out of 100 based on 15 reviews.


title: Machina/The Machines of God

text: Jim DeRogatis of the "Chicago Sun-Times" called "Machina" "an exceedingly impressive and hard-driving record" and contended that it was the band's "masterpiece".


title: Machina/The Machines of God

text: ""Machina" finds the quartet back at their grunge-rocking best", wrote Clark Collis in "The Daily Telegraph". "[Corgan] seems re-energised as a writer and singer with the likes of 'Stand Inside Your Love' and 'Try Try Try' standing among their best work to date, while the lyrical refrain of the epic 'Glass and the Ghost Children' should please all those who like their rock music to be mean, moody and not a little psychotic."


title: Machina/The Machines of God

text: In "Q", Paul Elliott described it as "mostly, a wonderful rock album" that was "not without its faults". "'Heavy Metal Machine' is a hokey title for a dull rock song. 'Glass and the Ghost Children' sounds like mid-'80s U2 pretending to be The Doors… Often Corgan is at his most effective when he keeps it simple... 'With Every Light' is the gentlest song on "Machina", and perhaps the best."


title: Machina/The Machines of God

text: However, a few reviews were negative, such as "NME"s, who criticized the album for "[not sounding] like a band in love with the potential and power of music".


title: Machina/The Machines of God

text: "Machina" is the second lowest-selling commercially released Pumpkins album to date, with US sales of 583,000 units up to 2005. Although it entered the US charts at number 3, selling 165,000 copies in its first week, sales declined sixty percent the second week, and continued to slide. Regarding the disappointing sales, Jimmy Chamberlin commented, "It was like watching your kid flunking out of school after getting straight A's for ten years." Corgan, in 2008, summarized the failures of the album:


title: Machina/The Machines of God

text: The album is scheduled to be reissued, this time resequenced as a double album with the "Machina II" material as was originally envisioned. The original co-producer Flood will be involved with a complete remix of all the material and sequencing into its original order as a two-disc concept album. Part of the restored concept album will be a suite simulating a live Machines of God concert, possibly with crowd noise added, with a mix inspired by Kiss' "Alive!".


title: Machina/The Machines of God

text: From July 2015, the reissue's release was put on permanent hold due to legal troubles with the record label. Corgan has said he has spent a lot of time on this and wants it to be released, but the legal issues need to be resolved first. In August 2018, Billy answered an Instagram Q&A about this. The question was "Will the "Machina" reissue ever see the light of day?" He answered "Just signed legal settlement today on that. So yes". Corgan announced in later Q&As that the reissue will feature completely new artwork and will not reuse any of the original "Machina" artwork.


title: Machina/The Machines of God

text: As of the 28th January 2021, the NME reports that the Machina reworking is complete and Billy Corgan states that it will contain at least 80 songs.


title: Come Taste the Band

text: Come Taste the Band is the tenth studio album by the English rock band Deep Purple, originally released in November 1975. It was co-produced and engineered by the band and longtime associate Martin Birch.


title: Come Taste the Band

text: It was the final Deep Purple studio record prior to the band's initial disbandment in 1976, therefore making it the only album to feature Tommy Bolin (who replaced Ritchie Blackmore on guitar), and the final of three albums to feature David Coverdale on lead vocals and Glenn Hughes on bass guitar/vocals: Bolin died shortly after the album's release, while neither Coverdale nor Hughes would be involved with the reactivated Deep Purple in 1984.


title: Come Taste the Band

text: "Come Taste the Band" is Deep Purple's only studio album that does not feature Ritchie Blackmore or vocalist Ian Gillan.


title: Come Taste the Band

text: The album sold reasonably well upon release (#19 in the UK charts, and #43 in the US). The album was certified Silver on 7 November 1975 by the BPI, selling 60,000 copies in the UK.


title: Come Taste the Band

text: In recent years the album has received some critical reassessment "on its own merits", in part due to Bolin's contributions to the album. Gillan (who left the band just over two years prior), on the other hand, has stated that he does not view the album as a real Deep Purple album. Lord praised the quality of the album years later in interviews, stating that "listening to it now, it's a surprisingly good album," while acknowledging, "the worst thing you can say about it is that, in most people's opinion, it's not a Deep Purple album."


title: Come Taste the Band

text: Released on 25 October 2010, the 2-CD Deluxe 35th Anniversary edition includes the original album in remastered form plus a rare US single edit of "You Keep On Moving" on the first disc, and a full album remix and two unissued tracks on the second disc: "Same in LA" a three-minute out-take from the final release in 1975, and "Bolin/Paice Jam" a five-minute instrumental jam with Bolin and Ian Paice.


title: Come Taste the Band

text: After tours for this album concluded in March 1976, Deep Purple broke up for eight years. Tommy Bolin formed his own band that toured in support of Peter Frampton and Jeff Beck, but it was short-lived as he died of multiple drug intoxication in December, 1976. Morphine, cocaine, lidocaine and alcohol were all found in his system.


title: Social class in ancient Rome

text: Social class in ancient Rome was hierarchical, with multiple and overlapping social hierarchies. An individual's relative position in one might be higher or lower than in another, which complicated the social composition of Rome.


title: Social class in ancient Rome

text: The different Roman classes allowed for different rights and privileges, including voting rights, marriage rights, and more.


title: Social class in ancient Rome

text: Traditionally, patrician refers to members of the upper class, while plebeian refers to lower class. Economic differentiation saw a small number of families accumulate most of the wealth in Rome, thus giving way to the creation of the patrician and plebeian classes. After this initial distinction, however, the divide between patrician and plebeian families was strictly hereditary, based on social status.


title: Social class in ancient Rome

text: The plebeians constituted the majority of Roman citizens after a series of political conflicts and equalization. Although patricians are often represented as rich and powerful families who managed to secure power over the less-fortunate plebeian families, plebeians and patricians among the senatorial class were often equally wealthy. As civil rights for plebeians increased during the middle and late Roman Republic, many plebeian families had attained wealth and power while some traditionally patrician families had fallen into poverty and obscurity. Regardless of how rich a plebeian family became, they would not rise to be included in the ranks of the patricians. By the second century BC, the divide between patricians and plebeians had lost most of its distinction and began to merge into one class.


title: Social class in ancient Rome

text: Patricians were considered the upper-class in early Roman society. They controlled the best land and made up the majority of the Roman senate. It was rare—if not impossible—for a plebeian to be a senator until 444 BC. A common type of social relation in ancient Rome was the "clientela" system that involved a patron and client(s) that performed services for one another and who were engaged in strong business-like relationships. Patricians were most often the patrons, and they would often have multiple plebeian clients. Patrons provided many services to their clients in exchange for a promise of support if the patron went to war. This patronage system was one of the class relations that most tightly bound Roman society together, while also protecting patrician social privileges. "Clientela" continued into the late Roman society, spanning almost the entirety of the existence of ancient Rome. Patricians also exclusively controlled the Censor, which controlled the census, appointed senators, and oversaw other aspects of social and political life. Through this office, patricians were able to maintain their hierarchy over the plebeians.


title: Social class in ancient Rome

text: Plebeians were the lower class, often farmers, in Rome who mostly worked the land owned by the Patricians. Some plebeians owned small plots of land, but this was rare until the second century BC. Plebeians were tied to patricians through the "clientela" system of patronage that saw plebeians assisting their patrician patrons in war, augmenting their social status, and raising dowries or ransoms. In 450 BC, plebeians were barred from marrying patricians, but this law was removed in 445 BC by a Tribune of the Plebs. In 444 BC, the office of Military Tribune with Consular Powers was created, which enabled plebeians who passed through this office to serve in the Senate once their one-year term was completed. Plebeians remained, for the most part, dependent on those of higher social class for the entirety of the existence of ancient Rome, through the "clientela" system or by other means attaching themselves to those with power if possible.


title: Social class in ancient Rome

text: Roman society was also divided based on property in the Centuriate Assembly, and later on in the republic, membership of the senatorial class was also based on property. The senatorial class had the highest property threshold. The Centuriate Assembly was responsible for declaring war, for electing magistrates with imperium, and for trying select cases.


title: Social class in ancient Rome

text: Only Romans who were wealthy enough to afford their own armour were allowed to serve in the army, which consisted of both patricians and plebeians. As long as a citizen could afford armour, he was able to be a soldier. The Centuriate Assembly was divided into groups based on how wealthy one was and one’s ability to provide his armour and weapons.


title: Social class in ancient Rome

text: The Equestrians and Class I held 98 votes between them, thus they could outvote the combined lower classes who only had 95 votes. This was a means for the wealthier classes to maintain control over the army and social life.


title: Social class in ancient Rome

text: Roman society was patriarchal in the purest sense; the male head of household was the "pater familias," he held special legal powers and privileges that gave him jurisdiction ("patria potestas") over all the members of his "familia." Fathers were in charge of educating their sons. Additionally, adult sons would often marry and continue to live in the family household under their "pater familias", until their father died and they took over the responsibility of "pater familias". The "pater familias" could also perform an "emancipatio" (emancipation) ritual - a process that set the son free, three times in a row - to grant the son his own legal authority, free from the "pater familias".


title: Social class in ancient Rome

text: Free-born women in ancient Rome were citizens "(cives)", but could not vote or hold political office. Women were under exclusive control of their "pater familias", which was either their father, husband, or sometimes their eldest brother. Women, and their children, took on the social status of their "pater familias." Women were not included in the political sphere, and they had little influence outside the home. However, women of wealthier families had more political power than poorer women as they were able to exert their influence behind the scenes of public, political actions.


title: Social class in ancient Rome

text: There were three early forms of marriage that transferred Roman women from one "pater familias" to another. The first, "coemptio", represented the purchase of the bride. This oldest form of marriage required five witnesses and an official, and was treated as a business transaction. The second, "usus," occurred after one year of intimacy between a man and a woman. If the woman did not leave the man for three nights following the year, she became the man's possession and he became her "pater familias." If the woman left before the three nights were over, she would return to her family. The relationship would still be valid, but the man would not become her "pater familias". The last form of marriage, "confarreatio," was the closest to modern marriage. "Confarreatio" was a religious ceremony that consisted of the bride and groom sharing bread in front of religious officials and other witnesses.


title: Social class in ancient Rome

text: By the end of the second century CE, marriages "sine manu" were the standard form of marriage. Through a marriage "sine manu", women did not fall under the legal jurisdictions of their new husbands or their fathers. They controlled their own property (usually their dowry) after the death of their father. Men still had to sign any paperwork on behalf of their women, but there were now two economic units in the marriage. Moreover, divorce could be initiated by either man or woman, often by saying "I divorce you" three times while in front of witnesses.


title: Social class in ancient Rome

text: The legal status of a mother as a citizen affected her son's citizenship. The phrase "ex duobus civibus Romanis natos" (“children born of two Roman citizens”) indicates that a Roman woman was regarded as having citizen status, in specific contrast to a "peregrina".


title: Social class in ancient Rome

text: Slaves ("servi") were not citizens, and lacked even the legal standing accorded free-born foreigners. Slaves were seen as property, and they were bought and sold like any other good in Rome. For the most part, slaves descended from debtors and from prisoners of war, especially women and children captured during sieges and other military campaigns in Greece, Italy, Spain, and Carthage. In the later years of the Republic and into the Empire, more slaves came from newly conquered areas of Gaul, Britain, North Africa, and Asia Minor. Many slaves were created as the result of Rome's conquest of Greece, but Greek culture was considered in some respects superior to that of Rome: hence Horace's famous remark "Graecia capta ferum victorem cepit" ("Captured Greece took her savage conqueror captive"). The Roman playwright Terence is thought to have been brought to Rome as a slave. Thus slavery was regarded as a circumstance of birth, misfortune, or war; it was defined in terms of legal status, or rather the lack thereof, and was neither limited to or defined by ethnicity or race, nor regarded as an inescapably permanent condition. Slavery was more prominent in Roman antiquity than anywhere else in the ancient world, save for Greece.


title: Social class in ancient Rome

text: Slaves who lacked skills or education performed agricultural or other forms of manual labor. More slaves were tasked with agricultural labour than any other form of work. Those who were violent or disobedient, or who for whatever reason were considered a danger to society, might be sentenced to labor in the mines, where they suffered under inhumane conditions. Slave owners were allowed to return their slaves for their money back if they were found to be defective, or if the seller had concealed anything that would affect the slave's productivity. Slaves that were found to be sick or defective would often be sold for very little, if anything. Masters would occasionally manumit sick or elderly slaves as a way to save money if they would not fetch enough money from their sale because it was cheaper than feeding and housing a useless slave. Since slaves were legally property, they could be disposed of by their owners at any time.


title: Social class in ancient Rome

text: All children born to female slaves were slaves. Slaves who had the education or skills to earn a living were often manumitted upon the death of their owner as a condition of his will. Slaves who conducted business for their masters were also permitted to earn and save money for themselves, and some might be able to buy their own freedom, while still others were granted their freedom by their owners — though this was rare.


title: Social class in ancient Rome

text: Freed men ("liberti") were freed slaves who, once freed, became full Roman citizens, however they were not considered equal to other citizens because of their former status as slaves or their descent from former slaves, thus they joined the ranks of the lower-class plebeians. Only after a few generations would the descendants of former slaves be able to rise through the ranks of the classes (sometimes becoming equites or senators). The status of "liberti" developed throughout the Republic as their number increased. Through their military service, and through other endeavours such as craftsmanship and business ventures, freed men often accumulated vast fortunes in the later Republic. Despite the fortunes of these many liberti, throughout ancient Rome the majority of freed men were plebeians and worked as farmers or tradesmen.


title: Social class in ancient Rome

text: Latin allies were given the right to intermarry, conduct business, and enter into contracts with full Roman citizens, and the right to move from an allied Latin city to Rome (or vice versa). Children of full Roman citizens and Latin mothers could inherit the Roman property and citizenship of their fathers through the Latin League, before 338 BC. Those with Latin rights had a privileged status above other Roman allies who were not full Roman citizens.


title: Social class in ancient Rome

text: The citizens of 5 Latin towns (Aricia, Lanuvium, Pedum, Nomentum, and Antium) were given full Roman citizenship in 338 BC, after the end of the Latin War. The rest of the Latin allies were given limited Roman citizenship, receiving the privileges of the Old Latin Rights, but not being granted the right to vote or obtain Roman property unless they relocated permanently to the city of Rome.


title: Social class in ancient Rome

text: Free-born foreign subjects were known as "peregrini." Peregrini operated under the laws that were in effect in their provinces when they were captured by Rome. Augustus (27 B.C. – 14 AD) instituted laws that allowed peregrini to become citizens through serving in the Roman army or on a city council. Citizen rights were inherited, so children of peregrini who had become citizens were also citizens upon birth. Distinctions between Roman citizens and peregrini continued until 212 AD, when Caracalla (211 AD – 217 AD) extended full Roman citizenship to all free-born men in the empire with the declaration of the Antonine Constitution.


title: European Research Group

text: The European Research Group (ERG) is a research support group and caucus of Eurosceptic Conservative Members of Parliament of the United Kingdom. The journalist Sebastian Payne described it in the "Financial Times" as "the most influential [research group] in recent political history".


title: European Research Group

text: Serving an annual average of 21 MPs including cabinet members, the group's focus is the single issue of the UK's withdrawal from the European Union.


title: European Research Group

text: In July 1993 Sir Michael Spicer, the then MP for West Worcestershire, created the European Research Group in response to growing concerns about Britain's continued integration into the European Community through the Maastricht Treaty. The Eurosceptic group, which was chaired by Spicer, aimed to promote coordination of right-of-centre opposition across Europe and worked alongside other anti-EU groups such as UKIP and the Referendum Party. Support for the group was boosted in 1995 after it published an anti-federalist pamphlet discussing Euroscepticism which included a foreword by Prime Minister John Major.


title: European Research Group

text: Contributors to the research output of the ERG have included Daniel Hannan and Mark Reckless who wrote a paper 'The Euro: bad for business' and Hannan acted as the ERG's first secretary in 1993 according to The Guardian.


title: European Research Group

text: An unexpected consequence of the creation of IPSA, under the Parliamentary Standards Act 2009 and in response to the parliamentary expenses scandal of 2009, was the formation of a sustainable revenue stream for the ERG through the formal mechanism of IPSA's administration of MP's subscriptions to pooled services. This created an opportunity for the ERG, an unincorporated association with no obligation to publish accounts, to fund researchers and establish a social media communications network at taxpayer's expense.


title: European Research Group

text: Senior researchers have included Robert Broadhurst, Conservative Parliamentary Researcher of the Year 2010 in the Dods Parliamentary researcher awards, and Christopher Howarth, formerly of Open Europe and son of ERG subscriber Gerald Howarth, who succeeded Broadhurst. In November 2016, Howarth represented the ERG at the parliamentary researchers' and academics' conference on Brexit He is a regular contributor to ConservativeHome and "City A.M.".


title: European Research Group

text: In the period leading up to the EU referendum ten members of ERG acted in an official capacity for Vote Leave:


title: European Research Group

text: Following the result of the Brexit referendum in 2016 Chris Heaton-Harris MP resigned as ERG's chair and the new chair Steve Baker and deputy chair Michael Tomlinson announced a relaunch of the ERG, calling for the government to withdraw from the European Economic Area (EEA) and the European Union Customs Union. Baker was subsequently promoted to Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union and in May 2017 Suella Braverman replaced him as the group's chair.


title: European Research Group

text: In January 2018, Braverman was also promoted to the Department for Exiting the European Union as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State making way for Jacob Rees-Mogg to be elected.


title: European Research Group

text: On 11 September 2018, members of the ERG met in Westminster to discuss plans to bring down the then prime minister, Theresa May.


title: European Research Group

text: On 4 February 2018, columnist Peter Wilby was highly critical, writing that "The highly secretive body seems to devote most of its efforts to what, if it were left-wing, would be called plotting." In the same article, he quotes "The Times" as saying it is "the most aggressive and successful political cadre in Britain today".


title: European Research Group

text: On 15 February 2019, the Press Association reported that "Critics, however, accuse it of acting as a “party within a party”, running its own whipping operation in support of its objective of a so-called “hard” Brexit, if necessary leaving without any deal with Brussels."


title: European Research Group

text: On 26 July 2018, the German public international broadcaster Deutsche Welle reported that "The European Research Group is a lobbying entity pushing for a no-nonsense, hard Brexit. Some say it is essentially running the show, not the British government." and "In February 2017, the group sent a letter to May setting out their hard-line Brexit demands: Britain should not only leave the EU but also the single market and customs union. That prompted Tory MP Nicky Morgan, who voted remain, to accuse the ERG of holding Theresa May to ransom. Her then colleague Anna Soubry was equally scathing and said that Jacob Rees-Mogg was "running our country. Theresa May is no longer in charge."


title: European Research Group

text: On 11 March 2019, the Constitution Unit in the Department of Political Science at University College London reported in Monitor 71 that "The Conservatives have their own party-within-a-party, in the strongly pro-Brexit European Research Group. After many false starts, it forced a vote of no confidence in Theresa May’s leadership of the party in December, which she won by 200 votes to 117."


title: European Research Group

text: On 6 September 2022 Liz Truss succeeded Boris Johnson as Prime Minister and appointed known ERG subscribers to nine senior Cabinet positions including two of the Great Offices of State in her new government:


title: European Research Group

text: On 25 October 2022 Rishi Sunak succeeded Liz Truss as Prime Minister without ERG endorsement but appointed ERG members to seven senior Cabinet positions:


title: European Research Group

text: Subscribers to the pooled service provided by the European Research Group can be identified on the Independent Parliamentary Standards Authority records of Parliamentary expenses. As an unincorporated association the group does not publish membership details or annual accounts. Various media reports speculate that a wider membership exists and on 1 May 2019, following a ruling by the Information Commissioner's Office that the Department for Exiting the European Union must reveal the existence of an email to the group from Steve Baker, openDemocracy published a report on a wider membership.


title: European Research Group

text: ERG subscriptions are taxpayer-funded through Independent Parliamentary Standards Authority (IPSA)-funded pooled service within the formal IPSA Scheme of MPs' Business Costs and Expenses and is one of two such publicly funded pooled services maintained for Conservative MPs.


title: European Research Group

text: The ERG has drawn criticism for its lack of transparency regarding its use of public funds to carry out research. A 2017 report by openDemocracy found that more than a quarter of a million pounds had been claimed through MPs' official expenses since 2010, after which Labour MPs called for an inquiry to be carried out by the IPSA into the group's practices. OpenDemocracy's September 2017 report commenced:


title: Family Affair (Mary J. Blige song)

text: "Family Affair" is a song by American singer Mary J. Blige. It was written by Blige, her brother Bruce Miller, Camara Kambon, Michael Elizondo, and Dr. Dre for her fifth studio album, "No More Drama" (2001), while production was overseen by the latter. The music for "Family Affair" was originally created in a jam session between Dre and musicians Mel-Man, Camara Kambon, Mike Elizondo and Scott Storch. Later, Blige heard the song that her brother Bruce Miller, Asiah the Continent and Luchi Lodge created the lyrics and melody to, and decided to record her vocals.


title: Family Affair (Mary J. Blige song)

text: The single topped the "Billboard" Hot 100 for six weeks starting from November 3, 2001, becoming Blige's first and only Hot 100 number-one single as well as her first top-10 single in five years. It was the 12th-biggest song of the 2000s decade in the US and the 99th-biggest song of all-time in the country as of 2018. "Rolling Stone" ranked it number 95 on their list of 100 Best Songs of the 2000s decade. Outside the United States, the song reached number one in France and the top 10 in 14 additional countries across Europe and Oceania, peaking at number two on the Eurochart Hot 100.


title: Family Affair (Mary J. Blige song)

text: "Family Affair" was written by Mary J. Blige, her brother Bruce Miller, Camara Kambon, Mike Elizondo, and Dr. Dre. Production was helmed by the latter. Dre created an initial version of the musical portion of "Family Affair" in studio on September 13, 2000, using a bass player and a keyboard player. His studio engineers entitled this version of the song "Fragile" for record-keeping purposes. Near the end of 2000, he sent Blige the instrumental track.


title: Family Affair (Mary J. Blige song)

text: Blige recorded vocals over the music based on lyrics penned by Miller, Kambon and Elizondo. Several weeks later, on January 10, 2001, a near-final but non-lyrical portion of "Fragile" was transferred from digital to analog format and renamed "Family Affair". In late May or early June 2001, at Dr. Dre's suggestion, Blige added a bridge to the song, for which she alone crafted the lyrics. A remix featuring rappers Jadakiss and Fabolous appears on the US CD single.


title: Family Affair (Mary J. Blige song)

text: Family Affair is written in the key of B major with a moderate tempo of 94 beats per minute. The song follows a chord progression Cm–Gm–Cm–Gm, and Blige's vocals span from G to B.


title: Family Affair (Mary J. Blige song)

text: The accompanying music video was directed by Dave Meyers. The video begins with Blige at a nightclub, wearing skin-revealing outfits. The video was filmed at the nightclub in 2001.


title: Family Affair (Mary J. Blige song)

text: On September 6, 2012, Blige performed the song at the last night of the Democratic National Convention in Charlotte, North Carolina. Ten years later, she also performed it in the Super Bowl LVI halftime show.


title: The Tale of Despereaux

text: The Tale of Despereaux (, ) is a 2003 children's fantasy book written by Kate DiCamillo. The main plot follows the adventures of a mouse named Despereaux Tilling, as he sets out on his quest to rescue a beautiful human princess from the rats. The book won the 2004 Newbery Medal award and has been adapted into a film, a video game, and a stage musical.


title: The Tale of Despereaux

text: In 2007 the U.S. National Education Association listed the book as one of its "Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children", based on an online poll. Teachers also made it a summer reading project. In 2012 it was ranked number 51 among all-time children's novels in a survey published by "School Library Journal" – the second of three books by DiCamillo in the Top 100.


title: The Tale of Despereaux

text: A small, sickly mouse named Despereaux Tilling is born in a castle with his eyes open (most mice are born blind). Despereaux, unlike other mice, spends much time reading , and particularly enjoys a book about a knight saving a princess and living happily ever after. One day while reading, he hears music that sounds like honey. He follows the sound, which leads him to Princess Pea and King Philip. He sits at the king's feet to hear the music, falls in love with the princess, and speaks to her. The king leads the mouse away because mice are related to rats, who were outlawed some years ago. Furlough Tilling, Despereaux's brother, sees this, and tells his father, Lester. Lester calls the mouse council as Furlough goes to collect Despereaux. The mouse council orders Despereaux to be sent to the dungeon to die, because talking to a human is forbidden. When Despereaux goes into the dungeon, he meets Gregory, the jailer, who saves him because Despereaux tells him a nice story.


title: The Tale of Despereaux

text: Book II centers around a rat named Roscuro who loved the light and was less vicious and cunning than the other rats. After he took a red table cloth from a prisoner who confessed that he traded his own daughter for it and didn't look back at her when he left her, Roscuro decided to go into the light; against the wishes of his friend, Botticelli Remorso. He climbed onto a chandelier, above a banquet. However, he fell into the queen's soup, and the queen, whose habit was to state the obvious, said, "There's a rat in my soup," before dying. The princess, now hostile to Roscuro, ordered him to leave. Roscuro, angry, desired revenge against the princess. The king, upset by the death of his wife, banned the use of spoons, soup, bowls, and rats.


title: The Tale of Despereaux

text: Many years before Despereaux and Roscuro were born, a six-year-old girl named Miggery "Mig" Sow witnesses the death of her ill mother. Afterward, Mig is sold to work by her father for some cigarettes, a hen, and a red tablecloth to a man Mig calls Uncle. Uncle often clouts Mig's ears, leaving her partially deaf. Mig decides, upon seeing the princess pass by on a horse, that she wants to be a princess. Mig is then sent to work in the castle by the King's soldiers, who tell "Uncle" that no human being is allowed to own another. In the castle, she gains a lot of weight. Only her head stayed small. Mig's main job is to go down to the dungeons to deliver Gregory the jailer his meal and, while there, she meets Roscuro and confesses to him that her greatest wish is to become a princess. Gregory gives her a handkerchief, Despereaux in it, and returns to the castle. Roscuro convinces Mig that if she helps him kidnap Princess Pea, he'll make her a servant girl so Miggery Sow can become a princess.


title: The Tale of Despereaux

text: Despereaux escapes the dungeons on a tray of Gregory's that Mig brings back to the kitchen, where he hears her conversation with Roscuro. However, Despereaux is soon discovered by Mig and Cook. Cook, as a mouse-hating woman, orders Mig to kill Despereaux. She explains to Mig that her philosophy with mice is "kill 'em, even if they're already dead." When Despereaux is attempting to flee, Mig chops off his tail with a knife so that she can tell Cook that she got a part of the "mercy". Despereaux spends the night in pain, sleeping on a sack of flour. He dreams of the castle's knights in shining armor, darkness, and light. However, when the knight removes the helmet, the shining armor is empty. Despereaux begins to doubt "happily ever after" and everything he has read and starts to weep. Meanwhile, Roscuro leads Mig to Princess Pea's room with a knife in one hand and a candle in the other to lead Princess Pea to the dungeon.


title: The Tale of Despereaux

text: The next morning, the castle is in a panic over the missing princess. Guards are sent to search the dungeon, only to find Gregory dead from terror. He was lost in the dark mazes because Roscuro has chewed the rope which secures him to the dungeon entrance. Despereaux is seen by the mouse council, who mistook him for a ghost because he is covered in flour from sleeping on the flour sack. Despereaux forgives his father, upon the father's request, for sentencing him to the dungeon, before mocking the rest of the council. Despereaux goes on to see the King. Despereaux tells the King that he knows that Pea is in the dungeon, but the King refuses to believe him because Despereaux is related distantly to the rats.


title: The Tale of Despereaux

text: Despereaux then goes to Hovis, the thread master. Hovis gives him an entire spool of red thread and a sewing needle to serve as a sword for his quest to the dungeons. On his way, he runs into Cook, who has grown so anxious from Pea's disappearance she has resorted to breaking the law and making soup. Instead of attacking Despereaux, she offers him some soup before seeing him off. Arriving at the dungeon, Despereaux loses the spool of thread when it leaves him at the top of the stairs. The spool of thread rolls to Botticelli Remorso, who smells soup, tears, flour, oil, and the blood of a mouse. Botticelli waits for Despereaux at the bottom of the dungeon stairs and when the small mouse arrives, Botticelli tricks Despereaux into thinking that he wants to help him save Princess Pea by leading him directly to her. Despereaux, knowing that there is nothing else he could do, trusts Botticelli Remorso and follows the rat to the princess. Other rats start following as well when they smell Despereaux and the soup he recently ate. Mig, meanwhile, learns that Roscuro tricked her into helping him kidnap Pea and that she will never be a princess. Roscuro plans for Pea to remain locked in the dungeons so that he can marvel over her brightly colored dress, but Despereaux arrives to save Pea, and Mig chops Roscuro's tail off with the knife to save the mouse after Roscuro blocked Despereaux's way to Pea. Despereaux threatens to kill Roscuro with the sewing needle, which causes Botticelli to howl with amused laughter at the thought of a mouse killing a rat. Roscuro, catching a whiff of the soup left on Despereaux's whiskers, realizes he does not truly want to hurt anyone and begins crying. Pea offers that if Roscuro lets her go, she will treat him with some soup. Roscuro agrees. Botticelli is so disgusted by the happiness of all that is happening that he returns to the darkness with the other rats.


title: The Tale of Despereaux

text: Despereaux and Pea become close friends. Because even in this strange world, a mouse and princess can not marry. Roscuro is allowed access into the upstairs of the castle, and reunites Mig's father, a prisoner in the dungeons, with his daughter. Mig's father promises that he loves Mig and will never leave her. But before this, however, Roscuro, Mig, the King, Pea, and Despereaux all get together for soup, as Despereaux's friend Hovis, his parents, and his brother watch in amazement behind the scenes.


title: The Tale of Despereaux

text: On December 2, 2008, a video game for the Nintendo DS, Wii, and PlayStation 2 of the same name based on the film was released. On December 16, 2008, the game was also released for PC.


title: Elamite language

text: Elamite, also known as Hatamtite and formerly as Susian, is an extinct language that was spoken by the ancient Elamites. It was used in what is now southwestern Iran from 2600 BC to 330 BC. Elamite works disappear from the archeological record after Alexander the Great entered Iran. Elamite is generally thought to have no demonstrable relatives and is usually considered a language isolate. The lack of established relatives makes its interpretation difficult.


title: Elamite language

text: A sizeable number of Elamite lexemes are known from the trilingual Behistun inscription and numerous other bilingual or trilingual inscriptions of the Achaemenid Empire, in which Elamite was written using Elamite cuneiform (circa 400 BC), which is fully deciphered. An important dictionary of the Elamite language, the "Elamisches Wörterbuch" was published in 1987 by W. Hinz and H. Koch. The Linear Elamite script however, one of the scripts used to write the Elamite language circa 2000 BC, has remained elusive until recently.


title: Elamite language

text: Later, Elamite cuneiform, adapted from Akkadian cuneiform, was used from c. 2500 to 331 BC. Elamite cuneiform was largely a syllabary of some 130 glyphs at any one time and retained only a few logograms from Akkadian but, over time, the number of logograms increased. The complete corpus of Elamite cuneiform consists of about 20,000 tablets and fragments. The majority belong to the Achaemenid era, and contain primarily economic records.


title: Elamite language

text: Elamite is an agglutinative language, and its grammar was characterized by an extensive and pervasive nominal class system. Animate nouns have separate markers for first, second


title: Elamite language

text: and third person. It can be said to display a kind of Suffixaufnahme in that the nominal class markers of the head are also attached to any modifiers, including adjectives, noun adjuncts, possessor nouns and even entire clauses.


title: Elamite language

text: Middle Elamite is considered the “classical” period of Elamite, but the best attested variety is Achaemenid Elamite, which was widely used by the Achaemenid Persian state for official inscriptions as well as administrative records and displays significant Old Persian influence.


title: Elamite language

text: Persepolis Administrative Archives were found at Persepolis in 1930s, and they are mostly in Elamite; the remains of more than 10,000 of these cuneiform documents have been uncovered. In comparison, Aramaic is represented by only 1,000 or so original records. These documents represent administrative activity and flow of data in Persepolis over more than fifty consecutive years (509 to 457 BC).


title: Elamite language

text: Neo-Elamite can be regarded as a transition between Middle and Achaemenid Elamite, with respect to language structure.