title: Afro-Colombians

text: Afro-Colombians are a significant portion (almost one quarter) of Colombia's overall population, yet they are one of the poorest ethnic groups of the country. More specifically, studies have shown that three-quarters of the Colombian population which is classified as being "poor", is composed of Afro-Colombians. This is reflected in some of the most basic, daily, aspects of their lives, such as the average annual salary of Afro-Colombians. While people from this ethnic group earn, on average, 500 dollars a year (or 1.5 million Colombian pesos) people that are from White or Mestizo ethnic groups earn an average of 1500 dollars a year (or 4.5 million Colombian Pesos). This means that the average Afro-Colombian earns three times less than the average White/Mestizo Colombian.


title: Afro-Colombians

text: This is a result of the inequality present in the Colombian education system. The quality of education afforded to the black population pales in comparison to that of the white/mestizo population. The black population is also not granted the same opportunities when it come to jobs or social advancement. These are the factors that contribute to an 80 percent rate of poverty among African descendants. The World Bank recently reported that the percentage of Afro-Colombians that receive primary education is higher than the percentage of primary education received by the rest of Colombians, being 42% versus 32%, respectively. However, many Afro-Colombians are not able to receive any higher education besides primary level education because secondary education (or high school education) is only offered to 62% of Afro-Colombians, while this type of education is offered to 75% of all other Colombians. Furthermore, researchers have found that the overall educational quality of schools located in Afro-Colombian communities is much lower and poorer than those in other communities, mainly because of the lack of government support and investment in these areas. This was reflected in the results of the ICFES exam (national standardized exam), which showed that the average results for Afro-Colombians were significantly lower than the results of the rest of Colombians. Given that only a very few numbers of Afro-Colombians can reach college/university education, the range of jobs for most Afro-Colombians is very limited and obtaining high-level jobs with a good salary is very difficult for them to achieve.


title: Afro-Colombians

text: White Colombians in Bogota strengthen already existing racial ladders and reinforce them in urban areas through spatial isolation—placing racism and racial discrimination external to their social worlds. Discrimination based on race and spatial isolation affects the interaction between citizens in urban spaces.


title: Afro-Colombians

text: Urban researchers have found drastic economic differences between the residents of Bogota. Suburbs are segregated and more uniform with people with similar incomes. This stratification has a racial and economic element to it. Afro-Colombians are segregated and live in all 19 sectors of the city, which are sectors with the two lowest stratum classification such as designations, Bosa, Kennedy, and Ciudad Bolivar, which are situated very far away from Zona Rosa, a city full of nightlife and entertainment.


title: Afro-Colombians

text: According to a study, between 2002 and 2010 Afro-Colombian legislators proposed 25 bills directly affecting the Afro-Colombian community and only two bills were approved.


title: Afro-Colombians

text: Another study done by the National Union School found that 65% of Afro-Colombians in the informal sector and 29% in the formal sector make less than the minimum wage.


title: Afro-Colombians

text: The racism in Colombia is so extreme that it can get Afro-Colombians stopped for just looking suspicious. It maximizes where they can go and where they cannot. For instance, Afro-Colombians are prevented from getting into some nightclubs and restaurants. They are denied entrance to certain places where many elites and tourists usually go. People have been moved aside and questioned because of their skin color, while other people can get in without further questioning. Bouncers usually tell them that they are hosting a private party and they need invitations to get in. They use this as an excuse to stop them from entering these places.


title: Afro-Colombians

text: Colombia's civil war began in the year 1964 and finished in the year 2017, when a peace treaty between the guerrilla movement (FARC) and the government was concreted and signed. This long civil war affected and continues to affect most Colombians, however, according to the World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous People (WDMIP), some particular communities have been significantly more affected than others. One of these, says WDMIP, are Afro-Colombian communities, who have been strongly impacted by the civil war, mainly because of their vulnerability and lack of protection from the government. For years, the FARC guerrilla has sought areas to invade and gain possession of as many Colombian territories as they can. Territories that are occupied by minority groups such as indigenous groups and Afro-Colombians are typically the poorest and therefore seen as the easiest areas to invade. Many Afro-Colombian regions have been "attacked" and taken over by the FARC, which has resulted in more than 2 million Afro-Colombians being displaced. Most of them have been forced to migrate towards bigger cities (like Bogotá, Cali, or Medellín), which has increased their level of poverty (due to the higher cost of living in such urban areas), as well as their exposure to discrimination and violence. Even though the occurrences of these scenarios has significantly decreased since the peace treaty was signed last year, the people who were displaced continue to be affected by this situation and struggle to go back to their hometowns.


title: Afro-Colombians

text: On another hand, the civil war has made Afro-Colombians victims of violence because Afro-Colombian territories, such as El Chocó, have become the combat zone between the FARC guerrilla and the Colombian government. More specifically, this means that they have been exposed to bombs, shootings, and deaths at a much higher level than all other Colombians. Because of this, many Afro-Colombians have been victims of collateral damage and have been killed due to this war, which has become another major reason for displacement to occur. According to research done by one of Colombia's official radio stations called Caracol Radio, over 25% of Afro-Colombians have left their hometown due to violence.


title: Afro-Colombians

text: Finally, another conflict that has been generated by the civil war is that of drug trafficking and prostitution. For years, the FARC guerrilla was seeking to recruit people that would do this for them at a low cost. Given that a high percentage of Afro-Colombians are extremely poor, young people from these communities are tempted by these options because they see them as the only way out to combat the poverty in which they live. As a result, over 40% of the people in the guerrilla group is composed of Afro-Colombians who now support the conflict and have been manipulated to continue supporting that side of the conflict.


title: Afro-Colombians

text: A recent study conducted by the London School of Economics revealed that Afro-Colombians are at an extreme disadvantage in terms of being healthy when compared to the rest of the Colombian population. Furthermore, this study showed that many socioeconomic factors are involved in this and that contribute to such disparities. For example, the fact that Afro-Colombians are much poorer than the rest of the Colombian population is one of the main reasons that they are in a position of disadvantage when it comes to seeking health care services and being healthy in general. This is supported by their findings that showed that just under 5% of Afro-Colombians have medical insurance, compared to almost 30% of all non-Afro Colombians. Additionally, they found that most Afro-Colombians live in unsanitary conditions that increase exposure to a large variety of diseases as well as a common trend among Afro-Colombian children with bad health. This is often due to uneducated mothers.


title: Afro-Colombians

text: Health inequality has negatively affected many minorities in Colombia; particularly those from a very low socioeconomic status such as Afro-Colombians. In comparison with the indigenous populations in Colombia, Afro-Colombians are at a greater disadvantage when it comes to access to health care. Research from 2003 shows that 53.8% of black people did not have access to health insurance compared to 37.9% of the indigenous population. Only 10.64% of Afro-Colombians were affiliated to the subsidised regime in comparison with most of the indigenous population. Moreover, 65.8% vs. 74.6% of non-minorities groups characterized their health status as very good and good while 30.7% vs. 22.7% of indigenous and Afro-Colombians described it as fair and 3.5% vs. 2.8% as poor. This reveals the health disparities among minority groups in Colombia in comparison with the rest of the population.


title: Afro-Colombians

text: Researchers have found that the adult Afro-Colombian population is less likely to be described as being in good health compared to the rest of the population. They are also more likely to report that they are sick and are dealing with chronic issues. This population is also less likely to obtain treatment if they are sick. Nevertheless, when they do look for medical treatment, they tend to receive it in the same numbers as non-Afro-Colombians. These results are not just explained by disadvantages in socioeconomic status, health insurances, or educational level, but by the discrimination that Afro-Colombians experience in their daily lives. Even when health insurance is given for free, Afro-Colombians are far less likely to be enrolled and this can be explained by structural and internalized discrimination.


title: Afro-Colombians

text: The Raizal ethnic group is an Afro-Caribbean group living in Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia, and Santa Catalina, speaking the San Andrés-Providencia Creole.


title: Ls

text: In computing, codice_1 is a command to list computer files and directories in Unix and Unix-like operating systems. It is specified by POSIX and the Single UNIX Specification.


title: Ls

text: It is available in the EFI shell., as a separate package for Microsoft Windows as part of the UnxUtils collection of native Win32 ports of common GNU Unix-like utilities.


title: Ls

text: In other environments, such as DOS, OS/2, and Microsoft Windows, similar functionality is provided by the codice_3 command.


title: Ls

text: As with most utilities the different implementations have different options. Check the documentation provided with the command for correct usage and options.


title: Ls

text: An codice_1 utility appeared in the first version of AT&T UNIX, the name inherited from a similar command in Multics also named 'ls', short for the word "list". is part of the X/Open Portability Guide since issue 2 of 1987. It was inherited into the first version of POSIX.1 and the Single Unix Specification.


title: Ls

text: Unix and Unix-like operating systems maintain the idea of a working directory. When invoked without arguments, codice_1 lists the files in the working directory. If a directory is specified, the files in that directory are listed. The arguments may contain a multiple files and directories.


title: Ls

text: Names starting with "." are hidden. The directory "." refers to the working directory and ".." refers to its parent directory. These are not shown by default. With codice_7 (all) hidden files are shown. Using codice_8 (All including "." and ".." ). File names specified explicitly (for example "codice_9" ) are always listed.


title: Ls

text: It is may be possible to highlight different types of items with different colors. This is an area where implementations differ:


title: Ls

text: The above example shows the "d" )(directory) or "-" (file) indicator, Unix file permission notation, number of hard links (1 or 3). In the working directory the owner codice_30 has a directory named codice_31, a regular file named codice_32, and an "old" executable named codice_33.


title: George Savalas

text: Georgios Demosthenes Savalas (; December 5, 1924 – October 2, 1985) was an American film and television actor. He was the younger brother of actor Telly Savalas, with whom he acted in the popular 1970s TV crime series "Kojak".


title: George Savalas

text: Born in The Bronx, New York City to immigrants from Greece, he was one of five children: brothers Aristotelis (Telly), Gus and Ted; and sister Katherine.


title: George Savalas

text: He attended Holy Cross Institute in Connecticut and Mineola High School (Long Island). He served in the Pacific War as a United States Navy gunner but also acted, produced and directed stage performances on military bases. He studied drama at Columbia University.


title: George Savalas

text: Starting out, Savalas worked many jobs, including driving a taxi and waiting tables. Although known primarily as a TV actor, Savalas was originally a stage actor and acting instructor. He taught at the Coliseum Studios for five years. He appeared in off-Broadway productions such as "Death of a Salesman" and "Arms and Man" while working with his father in two businesses: a hotel and a heating and air-conditioning company.


title: George Savalas

text: He is best known for his role as Sergeant Stavros on the TV series "Kojak", which starred his brother Telly. For the first two seasons, Savalas was credited as "Demosthenes" on screen so as not to create confusion between himself and his brother, although both men were easily distinguishable by sight (George having a full head of hair while Telly shaved his head). George Savalas, under his real name, also received a Production Associate credit during the first season and a Production Assistant credit for the second season.


title: George Savalas

text: He appeared in several films such as "The Slender Thread" (1965), "Genghis Khan" (1965) and "Kelly's Heroes" (1970), — all of which also featured his brother Telly. In the mid-1970s, he appeared in adverts in the United Kingdom for the Wimpy Bar chain.


title: George Savalas

text: In his later years, George recorded a popular Greek-language record and toured with his band, appearing at such venues as Carnegie Hall. He returned to the stage, appearing in a number of off-Broadway productions before illness forced him to retire.


title: George Savalas

text: Savalas had six children: sons Nicholas George, Leonidas George, and Constantine George with his first wife; and sons Gregory George and Matthew George, and daughter Militza with his second wife, Robin. Later in life he resided in Reseda, California. He died of leukemia, aged 60 (misreported as 58 at the time), in Los Angeles.


title: Vanishing point

text: A vanishing point is a point on the image plane of a perspective drawing where the two-dimensional perspective projections of mutually parallel lines in three-dimensional space appear to converge. When the set of parallel lines is perpendicular to a picture plane, the construction is known as one-point perspective, and their vanishing point corresponds to the oculus, or "eye point", from which the image should be viewed for correct perspective geometry. Traditional linear drawings use objects with one to three sets of parallels, defining one to three vanishing points.


title: Vanishing point

text: Italian humanist polymath and architect Leon Battista Alberti first introduced the concept in his treatise on perspective in art, "De pictura", written in 1435.


title: Vanishing point

text: The vanishing point may also be referred to as the "direction point", as lines having the same directional vector, say "D", will have the same vanishing point. Mathematically, let be a point lying on the image plane, where is the focal length (of the camera associated with the image), and let be the unit vector associated with , where . If we consider a straight line in space with the unit vector and its vanishing point , the unit vector associated with is equal to , assuming both point towards the image plane.


title: Vanishing point

text: When the image plane is parallel to two world-coordinate axes, lines parallel to the axis that is cut by this image plane will have images that meet at a single vanishing point. Lines parallel to the other two axes will not form vanishing points as they are parallel to the image plane. This is one-point perspective. Similarly, when the image plane intersects two world-coordinate axes, lines parallel to those planes will meet form two vanishing points in the picture plane. This is called two-point perspective. In three-point perspective the image plane intersects the , , and axes and therefore lines parallel to these axes intersect, resulting in three different vanishing points.


title: Vanishing point

text: The vanishing point theorem is the principal theorem in the science of perspective. It says that the image in a picture plane of a line in space, not parallel to the picture, is determined by its intersection with and its vanishing point. Some authors have used the phrase, "the image of a line includes its vanishing point". Guidobaldo del Monte gave several verifications, and Humphry Ditton called the result the "main and Great Proposition". Brook Taylor wrote the first book in English on perspective in 1714, which introduced the term "vanishing point" and was the first to fully explain the geometry of multipoint perspective, and historian Kirsti Andersen compiled these observations. She notes, in terms of projective geometry, the vanishing point is the image of the point at infinity associated with , as the sightline from through the vanishing point is parallel to .


title: Vanishing point

text: As a vanishing point originates in a line, so a vanishing line originates in a plane that is not parallel to the picture . Given the eye point , and the plane parallel to and lying on , then the vanishing line of is . For example, when is the ground plane and is the horizon plane, then the vanishing line of is the horizon line .


title: Vanishing point

text: To put it simply, the vanishing line of some plane, say , is obtained by the intersection of the image plane with another plane, say , parallel to the plane of interest (), passing through the camera center. For different sets of lines parallel to this plane , their respective vanishing points will lie on this vanishing line. The horizon line is a theoretical line that represents the eye level of the observer. If the object is below the horizon line, its lines angle up to the horizon line. If the object is above, they slope down.


title: Vanishing point

text: 1. Projections of two sets of parallel lines lying in some plane appear to converge, i.e. the vanishing point associated with that pair, on a horizon line, or vanishing line formed by the intersection of the image plane with the plane parallel to and passing through the pinhole.


title: Vanishing point

text: Proof: Consider the ground plane , as which is, for the sake of simplicity, orthogonal to the image plane. Also, consider a line that lies in the plane , which is defined by the equation .


title: Vanishing point

text: Using perspective pinhole projections, a point on projected on the image plane will have coordinates defined as,


title: Vanishing point

text: This is the parametric representation of the image of the line with as the parameter. When it stops at the point on the axis of the image plane. This is the vanishing point corresponding to all parallel lines with slope in the plane . All vanishing points associated with different lines with different slopes belonging to plane will lie on the axis, which in this case is the horizon line.


title: Vanishing point

text: 2. Let , , and be three mutually orthogonal straight lines in space and , , be the three corresponding vanishing points respectively. If we know the coordinates of one of these points, say , and the direction of a straight line on the image plane, which passes through a second point, say , we can compute the coordinates of both and


title: Vanishing point

text: 3. Let , , and be three mutually orthogonal straight lines in space and , , be the three corresponding vanishing points respectively. The orthocenter of the triangle with vertices in the three vanishing points is the intersection of the optical axis and the image plane.


title: Vanishing point

text: A curvilinear perspective is a drawing with either 4 or 5 vanishing points. In 5-point perspective the vanishing points are mapped into a circle with 4 vanishing points at the cardinal headings N, W, S, E and one at the circle's origin.


title: Vanishing point

text: A reverse perspective is a drawing with vanishing points that are placed outside the painting with the illusion that they are "in front of" the painting.


title: Vanishing point

text: Several methods for vanishing point detection make use of the line segments detected in images. Other techniques involve considering the intensity gradients of the image pixels directly.


title: Vanishing point

text: There are significantly large numbers of vanishing points present in an image. Therefore, the aim is to detect the vanishing points that correspond to the principal directions of a scene. This is generally achieved in two steps. The first step, called the accumulation step, as the name suggests, clusters the line segments with the assumption that a cluster will have a common vanishing point. The next step finds the principal clusters present in the scene and therefore it is called the search step.


title: Vanishing point

text: In the accumulation step, the image is mapped onto a bounded space called the accumulator space. The accumulator space is partitioned into units called cells. Barnard assumed this space to be a Gaussian sphere centered on the optical center of the camera as an accumulator space. A line segment on the image corresponds to a great circle on this sphere, and the vanishing point in the image is mapped to a point. The Gaussian sphere has accumulator cells that increase when a great circle passes through them, i.e. in the image a line segment intersects the vanishing point. Several modifications have been made since, but one of the most efficient techniques was using the Hough Transform, mapping the parameters of the line segment to the bounded space. Cascaded Hough Transforms have been applied for multiple vanishing points.


title: Vanishing point

text: The process of mapping from the image to the bounded spaces causes the loss of the actual distances between line segments and points.


title: Vanishing point

text: In the search step, the accumulator cell with the maximum number of line segments passing through it is found. This is followed by removal of those line segments, and the search step is repeated until this count goes below a certain threshold. As more computing power is now available, points corresponding to two or three mutually orthogonal directions can be found.


title: Cavendish experiment

text: The Cavendish experiment, performed in 1797–1798 by English scientist Henry Cavendish, was the first experiment to measure the force of gravity between masses in the laboratory and the first to yield accurate values for the gravitational constant. Because of the unit conventions then in use, the gravitational constant does not appear explicitly in Cavendish's work. Instead, the result was originally expressed as the specific gravity of Earth, or equivalently the mass of Earth. His experiment gave the first accurate values for these geophysical constants.


title: Cavendish experiment

text: The experiment was devised sometime before 1783 by geologist John Michell, who constructed a torsion balance apparatus for it. However, Michell died in 1793 without completing the work. After his death the apparatus passed to Francis John Hyde Wollaston and then to Cavendish, who rebuilt the apparatus but kept close to Michell's original plan. Cavendish then carried out a series of measurements with the equipment and reported his results in the "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society" in 1798.


title: Cavendish experiment

text: The apparatus consisted of a torsion balance made of a wooden rod horizontally suspended from a wire, with two , lead spheres, one attached to each end. Two massive , lead balls, suspended separately, could be positioned away from or to either side of the smaller balls, away. The experiment measured the faint gravitational attraction between the small and large balls, which deflected the torsion balance rod by about 0.16" (or only 0.03" with a stiffer suspending wire).


title: Cavendish experiment

text: The two large balls could be positioned either away from or to either side of the torsion balance rod. Their mutual attraction to the small balls caused the arm to rotate, twisting the suspension wire. The arm rotated until it reached an angle where the twisting force of the wire balanced the combined gravitational force of attraction between the large and small lead spheres. By measuring the angle of the rod and knowing the twisting force (torque) of the wire for a given angle, Cavendish was able to determine the force between the pairs of masses. Since the gravitational force of the Earth on the small ball could be measured directly by weighing it, the ratio of the two forces allowed the specific gravity of the Earth to be calculated, using Newton's law of gravitation.


title: Cavendish experiment

text: Cavendish found that the Earth's density was times that of water (due to a simple arithmetic error, found in 1821 by Francis Baily, the erroneous value appears in his paper). The current accepted value is 5.514 g/cm3.


title: Cavendish experiment

text: To find the wire's torsion coefficient, the torque exerted by the wire for a given angle of twist, Cavendish timed the natural oscillation period of the balance rod as it rotated slowly clockwise and counterclockwise against the twisting of the wire. For the first 3 experiments the period was about 15 minutes and for the next 14 experiments the period was half of that, about 7.5 minutes. The period changed because after the third experiment Cavendish put a stiffer wire. The torsion coefficient could be calculated from this and the mass and dimensions of the balance. Actually, the rod was never at rest; Cavendish had to measure the deflection angle of the rod while it was oscillating.


title: Cavendish experiment

text: Cavendish's equipment was remarkably sensitive for its time. The force involved in twisting the torsion balance was very small, , (the weight of only 0.0177 milligrams) or about of the weight of the small balls. To prevent air currents and temperature changes from interfering with the measurements, Cavendish placed the entire apparatus in a mahogany box about 1.98 meters wide, 1.27 meters tall, and 14 cm thick, all in a closed shed on his estate. Through two holes in the walls of the shed, Cavendish used telescopes to observe the movement of the torsion balance's horizontal rod. The key observable was of course the deflection of the torsion balance rod, which Cavendish measured to be about 0.16" (or only 0.03" for the stiffer wire used mostly). Cavendish was able to measure this small deflection to an accuracy of better than using vernier scales on the ends of the rod.


title: Cavendish experiment

text: The accuracy of Cavendish's result was not exceeded until C. V. Boys' experiment in 1895. In time, Michell's torsion balance became the dominant technique for measuring the gravitational constant ("G") and most contemporary measurements still use variations of it.


title: Cavendish experiment

text: Cavendish's result provided additional evidence for a planetary core made of metal, an idea first proposed by Charles Hutton based on his analysis of the 1774 Schiehallion experiment. Cavendish's result of 5.4 g·cm, 23% bigger than Hutton's, is close to 80% of the density of liquid iron, and 80% higher than the density of the Earth's outer crust, suggesting the existence of a dense iron core.


title: Cavendish experiment

text: The formulation of Newtonian gravity in terms of a gravitational constant did not become standard until long after Cavendish's time. Indeed, one of the first references to "G" is in 1873, 75 years after Cavendish's work.


title: Cavendish experiment

text: Cavendish expressed his result in terms of the density of the Earth. For this reason, historians of science have argued that Cavendish did not measure the gravitational constant. He referred to his experiment in correspondence as 'weighing the world'. Later authors reformulated his results in modern terms.


title: Cavendish experiment

text: Today, physicists often use units where the gravitational constant takes a different form. The Gaussian gravitational constant used in space dynamics is a defined constant and the Cavendish experiment can be considered as a measurement of this constant.


title: Cavendish experiment

text: In Cavendish's time, physicists used the same units for mass and weight, in effect taking "g" as a standard acceleration. Then, since "R" was known, "ρ" played the role of an inverse gravitational constant. The density of the Earth was hence a much sought-after quantity at the time, and there had been earlier attempts to measure it, such as the Schiehallion experiment in 1774.


title: Cavendish experiment

text: For these reasons, physicists generally do credit Cavendish with the first measurement of the gravitational constant.


title: Cavendish experiment

text: The following is not the method Cavendish used, but describes how modern physicists would calculate the results from his experiment. From Hooke's law, the torque on the torsion wire is proportional to the deflection angle formula_2 of the balance. The torque is formula_3 where formula_4 is the torsion coefficient of the wire. However, a torque in opposite direction is also generated by the gravitational pull of the masses. It can be written as a product of the attractive forces between the balls and the distance to the suspension wire. Since there are two pairs of balls, each experiencing force "F" at a distance from the axis of the balance, the torque is "LF". At equilibrium (when the balance has been stabilized at an angle formula_2), the total amount of torque must be zero, as these two sources of torque cancel out. Thus, we can equate their intensities given by the formulas above, which gives the following:


title: Cavendish experiment

text: For "F", Newton's law of universal gravitation is used to express the attractive force between the large and small balls:


title: Cavendish experiment

text: To find the torsion coefficient (formula_4) of the wire, Cavendish measured the natural resonant oscillation period "T" of the torsion balance:


title: Cavendish experiment

text: Assuming the mass of the torsion beam itself is negligible, the moment of inertia of the balance is just due to the small balls:


title: Cavendish experiment

text: Once "G" has been found, the attraction of an object at the Earth's surface to the Earth itself can be used to calculate the Earth's mass and density:


title: Bob Moses (band)

text: Bob Moses is a Canadian electronic duo based in Vancouver, British Columbia. Formed in New York City, the band consists of Tom Howie and Jimmy Vallance (son of Jim Vallance). A remix of their song "Tearing Me Up" by RAC won a Grammy Award for Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical.


title: Bob Moses (band)

text: Howie and Vallance attended the same middle school and high school in Vancouver but were merely acquaintances, despite enjoying similar tastes in music. They had both dabbled into the sounds of California punk, Northwest grunge, and minimalist electronic but never together.


title: Bob Moses (band)

text: After high school, Vallance moved to New York City, where he worked for a record engineering company for Dutch artist Matthew Dekay on Lee Burridge's All Day I Dream imprint. He began his career making trance and progressive house music, with early success at age 18 with releases on Ultra Records and remixes for Sia and her record "Buttons" alongside Chris Lake and Markus Schulz. After working for Dekay, Vallance began writing and engineering for Get Physical's co-founder and one-half of M.A.N.D.Y., Philipp Jung.


title: Bob Moses (band)

text: Howie continued singing and after a year at Berklee College of Music in Boston, Massachusetts, he also moved to New York. He was originally in the rock band Coalition.


title: Bob Moses (band)

text: Vallance and Howie reunited in a Lowe's hardware store parking lot. They started working on music in Howie's apartment, then shared a flat and began working on music as a duo. They helped write a vocal hook for one of the songs that Jung was working on, and experimented with different sounds, using Howie's background in rock music and Vallance's in trance music.


title: Bob Moses (band)

text: After some studio time, the duo showed the Scissor & Thread crew, specifically Francis Harris and Anthony Collins, what they had been working on. Harris suggested the name "Bob Moses" after New York urban planner Robert Moses, and their debut EP, "Hands to Hold", debuted on that label in October 2012. Soon after the release of this first EP, they went on to deliver a second, "Far from the Tree", before signing to Domino Records in March 2014.


title: Bob Moses (band)

text: Bob Moses' debut album, "Days Gone By", was released on September 18, 2015. "Tearing Me Up" became the most prominent song on the album, earning Grammy Award nominations for best dance recording and best remixed recording, non-classical. It went on to win the latter award for remixer RAC. Vallance said the concept for the song was imagined while both of them were "going through something very similar" in their romantic lives. Howie has pointed out that part of the song's inspiration came from the beat of Gary Glitter's "Rock and Roll Part 2". The song received considerable radio airplay in the United States, having peaked at No. 16 on "Billboard"'s Alternative Songs chart.


title: Bob Moses (band)

text: In January 2016, Bob Moses performed on "The Ellen DeGeneres Show", after being personally picked by Ellen DeGeneres to appear on the show. They performed "Tearing Me Up". Tracks from "Days Gone By" have also been played on ABC's TV show, "The Catch".


title: Bob Moses (band)

text: On August 19, 2016, Bob Moses released a special Never Enough edition of their album "Days Gone By". The album featured remixes of "Like It or Not" and "Tearing Me Up" from artists including A-Trak, RAC, Joris Voorn, and Tale of Us. The album also featured two new bonus tracks, "She Don't Mind" and "Here We Are", along with live versions of "Tearing Me Up", "Before I Fall", and "Nothing At All."


title: Bob Moses (band)

text: In February 2017, the RAC remix of "Tearing Me Up" won the Best Remixed Recording for the remixers. Later that year, Bob Moses was nominated for Live Act of the Year at the Electronic Music Awards.


title: Bob Moses (band)

text: On May 30, 2018, Bob Moses announced a new tour in North America, along with a new single titled "Heaven Only Knows".


title: Bob Moses (band)

text: On July 26, 2018, Domino announced that "Battle Lines" would be released on September 14, 2018, and released its first single, "Back Down." The album was released on multiple streaming and music services as well as on CD/LP via their label Domino.


title: Bob Moses (band)

text: On December 12, 2019, the duo released the "Unplugged" EP, featuring acoustic versions of three songs from the "Battle Lines" album, plus a cover of the song "Save a Prayer" by Duran Duran (from the album "Rio", 1982).


title: Bob Moses (band)

text: Bob Moses released an EP, "Desire", on August 28, 2020, to multiple streaming and music services. The duo streamed a performance to a live audience at the Inside Lands festival on August 28.


title: Bob Moses (band)

text: Described by the artists as "a love tale for the digital age", the album is presented over six continuously mixed tracks. With typical tour schedules disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the duo told Forbes that they intend to perform livestream sets and began to collect content for another album.


title: Bob Moses (band)

text: On the live front, Bob Moses has performed and headlined at events and venues around the world, including Bowery Ballroom, TomorrowWorld, Ultra Music Festival, Governors Ball, Fabric, and many others. In 2016, they were announced to play at Coachella, Lollapalooza, and Bonnaroo, as well as at several European festivals including Sonar and Melt!. The act has been featured as one of the Top 20 live acts by "Resident Advisor" in both 2014 and 2015.


title: Bob Moses (band)

text: Bob Moses has been featured heavily on BBC Radio 1, including their debut "Essential Mix" and a live performance from Maida Vale Studios. They have also been featured on shows such as "Morning Becomes Eclectic" on KCRW and recorded a live session for KEXP.


title: Bob Moses (band)

text: Vallance is the son of Jim Vallance and Rachel Paiement, both of whom are well-known Canadian musicians.


title: Cisco Webex

text: Webex by Cisco is an American company that develops and sells web conferencing, videoconferencing and contact center as a service applications. It was founded as WebEx in 1995 and taken over by Cisco Systems in 2007. Its headquarters are in San Jose, California.


title: Cisco Webex

text: Its software products include Webex App, Webex Suite, Webex Meetings, Webex Messaging, Webex Calling, Webex Contact Center, and Webex Devices. All Webex products are part of the Cisco Systems collaboration portfolio.


title: Cisco Webex

text: WebEx was founded in 1995 by Subrah Iyar and Min Zhu. It had its initial public offering in July 2000. WebEx was listed on the NASDAQ National Market, and then the NASDAQ Global Select Market, when that was introduced in 2006.


title: Cisco Webex

text: At the time of the acquisition, all Webex applications were built on the MediaTone platform and supported by the Webex MediaTone Network (originally called the Webex interactive network), a global network intended for use with on-demand programs. The network was designed by Shaun Bryant, Webex's Chief Network Architect, and Zaid Ali Sr, Network Architect, to be one of the first SaaS platforms on the Internet.


title: Cisco Webex

text: In July 2006, AOL and Webex launched a business version of AOL's instant messaging software, AIM Pro, with additional features to help workers collaborate using conferencing tools offered by Webex.


title: Cisco Webex

text: On September 26, 2006, the company announced plans to offer a web collaboration "mashup" platform called "Webex Connect".


title: Cisco Webex

text: On November 17, 2014, Cisco announced an evolution of Webex called Project Squared. On March 17, 2015 this effort was re-branded as Cisco Spark.


title: Cisco Webex

text: On April 18, 2018, Cisco announced that Cisco Spark would be combined into the Cisco Webex platform. On this same date, Cisco rebranded all of the rest of their Spark products to Webex, including the Spark Room Kit—now Webex Room Kit—and Spark Board—now Webex Board.


title: Cisco Webex

text: On May 15, 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Cisco CFO Kelly Kramer reported in the month of April 2020, they had 500 million meeting attendees, and that equated to 25 billion meeting minutes, using its video-conferencing application Webex.


title: Cisco Webex

text: On October 26, 2021, Cisco launched an update aimed to enhance virtual and hybrid in-person meetings and events, using AI-powered technology for their Webex portfolio.


title: Cisco Webex

text: The company acquired "Intranets.com" in 2005, providing entrance into the small- and mid-size business market through the company's customer base of businesses with fewer than 100 employees. It acquired the ability to offer online collaboration tools such as discussion forums, document sharing and calendaring while Intranets.com provided access to the Webex communications environment for its customers.


title: Cisco Webex

text: On March 15, 2007, Cisco Systems announced it would acquire WebEx for $3.2 billion. Cisco has said that its long-term plan is to absorb WebEx at both a technology and a sales level.


title: Cisco Webex

text: In February 2021, Cisco acquired imimobile, a provider of communications platform as a service (CPaaS) solutions for its Webex collaboration portfolio imimobile.


title: Cisco Webex

text: As a result of a securities fraud investigation initiated by the SEC and by various state Attorney General offices, Goldman Sachs faced charges of issuing unfair research, including coverage of WebEx, and IPO violations for the period 1999 to 2001. Webex management allegedly dictated to Goldman Sachs analysts what the research should and should not include. Webex maintains the management's information was accurate. Another charge accuses Goldman Sachs of violating securities law in its allocation of shares in WebEx's initial public offering.


title: Cisco Webex

text: On September 27, 2005, Webex sued Raindance Communications, Inc., a competitor, for patent infringement. On October 14, 2005, Raindance filed a countersuit against Webex for patent infringement. Both parties sought both damages and an injunction enjoining further acts they claim to be infringing on patents. On March 31, 2006, the parties agreed to the dismissal of both actions, releases of claims for past infringement, payments associated with those releases, and cross-licenses to each other's patents. The agreement resulted in Webex receiving 1 million dollars from Raindance.


title: Gas cylinder

text: A gas cylinder is a pressure vessel for storage and containment of gases at above atmospheric pressure. High-pressure gas cylinders are also called "bottles". Inside the cylinder the stored contents may be in a state of compressed gas, vapor over liquid, supercritical fluid, or dissolved in a substrate material, depending on the physical characteristics of the contents. A typical gas cylinder design is elongated, standing upright on a flattened bottom end, with the valve and fitting at the top for connecting to the receiving apparatus.


title: Gas cylinder

text: The term "cylinder" in this context is not to be confused with "tank", the latter being an open-top or vented container that stores liquids under gravity, though the term scuba tank is commonly used to refer to a cylinder used for breathing gas supply to an underwater breathing apparatus.


title: Gas cylinder

text: In the United States, "bottled gas" typically refers to liquefied petroleum gas. "Bottled gas" is sometimes used in medical supply, especially for portable oxygen tanks. Packaged industrial gases are frequently called "cylinder gas", though "bottled gas" is sometimes used. The term propane tank is also used for cylinders with propane.


title: Gas cylinder

text: The United Kingdom and other parts of Europe more commonly refer to "bottled gas" when discussing any usage, whether industrial, medical, or liquefied petroleum. In contrast, what is called liquefied petroleum gas in the United States is known generically in the United Kingdom as "LPG" and it may be ordered by using one of several trade names, or specifically as butane or propane, depending on the required heat output.


title: Gas cylinder

text: Design codes and application standards and the cost of materials dictated the choice of steel with no welds for most gas cylinders; the steel is treated to resist corrosion. Some newly developed lightweight gas cylinders are made from stainless steel and composite materials. Due to the very high tensile strength of carbon fiber reinforced polymer, these vessels can be very light, but are more difficult to manufacture.


title: Gas cylinder

text: Cylinders reinforced or built-up with a fibre material usually must be inspected more frequently than metal cylinders, "e.g.", every 5 instead of 10 years, and must be inspected more thoroughly than metal cylinders. They may have a limited service life.


title: Gas cylinder

text: The inspection interval of steel cylinders has increased from 5 or 6 years to 10 years. Diving cylinders that are used in water must be inspected more often. When they were found to have inherent structural problems, certain steel and aluminium alloys have been withdrawn from service.


title: Gas cylinder

text: Fibre composite cylinders were originally specified for a limited life span of 15, 20 or 30 years, while steel cylinders are nowadays typically withdrawn after 70 years, or may continue to be used indefinitely providing they pass periodic inspection and testing. Since some years there exist composite cylinders that are nominated for a non-limited-life (NLL), as long as no damage is to be seen.


title: Gas cylinder

text: Since glass-fibre-composite materials were used to reinforce cylinders, there are various types of construction of high-pressure vessels:


title: Gas cylinder

text: Pressure vessels for gas storage may also be classified by volume. In South Africa, a gas storage cylinder implies a refillable transportable container with a water capacity volume of up to 150 litres. Refillable transportable cylindrical containers from 150 to 3,000 litres water capacity are referred to as tubes.


title: Gas cylinder

text: The transportation of high-pressure cylinders is regulated by many governments throughout the world. Various levels of testing are generally required by the governing authority for the country in which it is to be transported. In the United States, this authority is the United States Department of Transportation (DOT). Similarly in the UK, the European transport regulations (ADR) are implemented by the Department for Transport (DfT). For Canada, this authority is Transport Canada (TC). Cylinders may have additional requirements placed on design and or performance from independent testing agencies such as Underwriters Laboratories (UL). Each manufacturer of high-pressure cylinders is required to have an independent quality agent that will inspect the product for quality and safety.


title: Gas cylinder

text: Within the UK the "competent authority" — the Department for Transport (DfT) — implements the regulations and appointment of authorised cylinder testers is conducted by United Kingdom Accreditation Service (UKAS), who make recommendations to the Vehicle Certification Agency (VCA) for approval of individual bodies.


title: Gas cylinder

text: There are a variety of tests that may be performed on various cylinders. Some of the most common types of tests are hydrostatic test, burst test, ultimate tensile strength, Charpy impact test and pressure cycling.


title: Gas cylinder

text: During the manufacturing process, vital information is usually stamped or permanently marked on the cylinder. This information usually includes the type of cylinder, the working or service pressure, the serial number, date of manufacture, the manufacture's registered code and sometimes the test pressure. Other information may also be stamped, depending on the regulation requirements.


title: Gas cylinder

text: High-pressure cylinders that are used multiple times — as most are — can be hydrostatically or ultrasonically tested and visually examined every few years. In the United States, hydrostatic/ultrasonic testing is required either every five years or every ten years, depending on cylinder and its service.


title: Gas cylinder

text: Gas cylinders usually have a stop angle valve at one end, and the cylinder is usually oriented so the valve is on top. During storage, transportation, and handling when the gas is not in use, a cap may be screwed over the protruding valve to protect it from damage or breaking off in case the cylinder were to fall over. Instead of a cap, cylinders sometimes have a protective collar or neck ring around the valve assembly.


title: Gas cylinder

text: The valves on industrial, medical and diving cylinders usually have threads of different handedness, sizes and types that depend on the category of gas, making it more difficult to mistakenly misuse a gas. For example, a hydrogen cylinder does not fit an oxygen regulator and supply line, which could result in catastrophe. Some fittings use a right-hand thread, while others use a left-hand thread; left-hand thread fittings are usually identifiable by notches or grooves cut into them.


title: Gas cylinder

text: In the United States, valve connections are sometimes referred to as "CGA connections", since the Compressed Gas Association (CGA) publishes guidelines on what connections to use for what gasses. For example, an argon cylinder has a "CGA 580" connection on the valve. High purity gases sometimes use CGA-DISS ("Diameter Index Safety System") connections.


title: Gas cylinder

text: Medical gases may use the pin index safety system to prevent incorrect connection of gases to services.


title: Gas cylinder

text: In the UK, the British Standards Institution sets the standards. Included among the standards is the use left-hand threaded valves for flammable gas cylinders (most commonly brass, BS4, valves for non-corrosive cylinder contents or stainless steel, BS15, valves for corrosive contents). Non flammable gas cylinders are fitted with right-hand threaded valves (most commonly brass, BS3, valves for non-corrosive components or stainless steel, BS14, valves for corrosive components).


title: Gas cylinder

text: When the gas in the cylinder is to be used at low pressure, the cap is taken off and a pressure-regulating assembly is attached to the stop valve. This attachment typically has a pressure regulator with upstream (inlet) and downstream (outlet) pressure gauges and a further downstream needle valve and outlet connection. For gases that remain gaseous under ambient storage conditions, the upstream pressure gauge can be used to estimate how much gas is left in the cylinder according to pressure. For gases that are liquid under storage, e.g., propane, the outlet pressure is dependent on the vapor pressure of the gas, and does not fall until the cylinder is nearly exhausted, although it will vary according to the temperature of the cylinder contents. The regulator is adjusted to control the downstream pressure, which will limit the maximum flow of gas out of the cylinder at the pressure shown by the downstream gauge. For some purposes, such as shielding gas for arc welding, the regulator will also have a flowmeter on the downstream side.


title: Gas cylinder

text: Because the contents are under pressure and are sometimes hazardous materials, handling bottled gases is regulated. Regulations may include chaining bottles to prevent falling and damaging the valve, proper ventilation to prevent injury or death in case of leaks and signage to indicate the potential hazards If a compressed gas cylinder tips over, causing the valve block to be sheared off, the rapid release of high-pressure gas may cause the cylinder to be violently accelerated, potentially causing property damage, injury, or death. To prevent this, cylinders are normally secured to a fixed object or transport cart with a strap or chain. They can also be stored in a safety cabinet.


title: Gas cylinder

text: In a fire, the pressure in a gas cylinder rises in direct proportion to its temperature. If the internal pressure exceeds the mechanical limitations of the cylinder and there are no means to safely vent the pressurized gas to the atmosphere, the vessel will fail mechanically. If the vessel contents are flammable, this event may result in a "fireball". Oxidisers such as oxygen and fluorine will produce a similar effect by accelerating combustion in the area affected. If the cylinder's contents are liquid, but become a gas at ambient conditions, this is commonly referred to as a boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion (BLEVE).


title: Gas cylinder

text: Medical gas cylinders in the UK and some other countries have a fusible plug of Wood's metal in the valve block between the valve seat and the cylinder. This plug melts at a comparatively low temperature (70 °C) and allows the contents of the cylinder to escape to the surroundings before the cylinder is significantly weakened by the heat, lessening the risk of explosion.


title: Gas cylinder

text: Gas Cylinders found in Hot Air Balloons have to be checked once a year as part of an annual inspection by a CAA approved inspector ensuring no dents or scratches pose a risk to the cylinder. Pressure relief valves on Balloon cylinders are replaced after 10 years or sooner if there are signs of damage to them along with a Internal Inspection of the Cylinders to check for corrosion and foreign elements within the cylinder.


title: Gas cylinder

text: More common pressure relief devices are a simple burst disc installed in the base of the valve between the cylinder and the valve seat. A burst disc is a small metal gasket engineered to rupture at a pre-determined pressure. Some burst discs are backed with a low-melting-point metal, so that the valve must be exposed to excessive heat before the burst disc can rupture.


title: Gas cylinder

text: The Compressed Gas Association publishes a number of booklets and pamphlets on safe handling and use of bottled gases.


title: Gas cylinder

text: There is a wide range of standards relating to the manufacture, use and testing of pressurised gas cylinders and related components. Some examples are listed here.


title: Gas cylinder

text: Gas cylinders are often color-coded, but the codes are not standard across different jurisdictions, and sometimes are not regulated. Cylinder color can not safely be used for positive product identification; cylinders have labels to identify the gas they contain.


title: Gas cylinder

text: For larger volume high pressure gas storage units, known as "tubes", are available. They generally have a larger diameter and length than high pressure cylinders, and usually have a tapped neck at both ends. They may be mounted alone or in groups on trailers, permanent bases, or intermodal transport frames. Due to their length, they are mounted horizontally on mobile structures. In general usage they are often manifolded together and managed as a unit.


title: Gas cylinder

text: Groups of similar size cylinders may be mounted together and connected to a common manifold system to provide larger storage capacity than a single standard cylinder. This is commonly called a cylinder bank or a gas storage bank. The manifold may be arranged to allow simultaneous flow from all the cylinders, or, for a cascade filling system, where gas is tapped off cylinders according to the lowest positive pressure difference between storage and destination cylinder, being a more efficient use of pressurised gas.


title: Gas cylinder

text: A gas quad is a group of high pressure cylinders mounted on a transport and storage frame. There are commonly 16 cylinders, each of about 50 litres capacity mounted upright in four rows of four, on a square base with a square plan frame with lifting points on top and may have fork-lift slots in the base. The cylinders are usually interconnected as a manifold for use as a unit, but many variations in layout and structure are possible.


title: Manasa Varanasi

text: Manasa Varanasi is an Indian model, engineer and beauty pageant title holder who was crowned Femina Miss India 2020. She represented India at the 70th edition of the Miss World 2021 pageant, held on 16th March 2022 at Coca-Cola Music Hall, San Juan, Puerto Rico. She was regarded as one of the strongest contenders for the Miss World 2021 Crown and made it to the Top 13.


title: Manasa Varanasi

text: Manasa Varanasi was born in Hyderabad to Ravi Sankar and Shailaja. She moved to Malaysia at a young age due to her father's work and was schooled at Global Indian International School and completed her grade 10 there. Later she returned to India, completed her intermediate then studied computer science at Vasavi College of Engineering Hyderabad. After completing her education and graduating with a computer science degree, she started to work as a Financial Information eXchange (FIX) analyst at Factset, Hyderabad. She won the Miss Fresher title in the first year of her college.


title: Manasa Varanasi

text: In 2020, she entered Femina Miss India 2020 and eventually won. She represented the state of Telangana at the Femina Miss India 2020 pageant. On 10 February 2021, she was crowned as Femina Miss India World 2020 by the outgoing titleholder Miss World 2019 2nd Runner-Up and Miss World Asia Suman Rao at Hyatt Regency, Mumbai. During the pageant's sub contest ceremony, she won the 'Miss Rampwalk' award.


title: Manasa Varanasi

text: Varanasi represented India at Miss World 2020, held on 16th March 2022 at Coca-Cola Music Hall, San Juan, Puerto Rico where she reached the top 13 finalists. Varanasi's evening gown for the Miss World 2021 contest was designed by Falguni Shane Peacock.


title: Manasa Varanasi

text: Varanasi advocates to strengthen child protection laws in India for her Beauty with a purpose project. She also flagged off "We Can" a first-of-it's-kind awareness campaign against sexual abuse of children.The change she’d like to bring about mostly has to do with access to quality education for children, that helps fuel youth, by giving them access to education and a chance to dream big. Varanasi also initiated a project very close to her heart 10-9-8 child help-line which focuses on eradicating practices of child marriage, child abuse and many more in her home state of Telangana in India thus emphasizing on children's welfare. This project was Varanasi's Beauty With A Purpose (BWAP) for the 70th edition of the Miss World 2021 pageant .


title: Miss India (film)

text: Miss India is a 2020 Indian Telugu-language business drama film written and directed by Narendra Nath. It stars Keerthy Suresh, Jagapathi Babu, Rajendra Prasad, Naresh, Nadhiya, and Naveen Chandra. The plot follows Manasa Samayuktha (Keerthy), a girl from a middle-class South Indian family, who dreams of having her tea business in the US. The film received negative reviews.


title: Miss India (film)

text: The film has been produced by Mahesh S. Koneru under East Coast Productions. Dani Sanchez-Lopez and Sujith Vaassudev handled the cinematography, while S. Thaman composed the music. The film was planned to be released on 17 April 2020 but has been postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The film is released on Netflix on 4 November 2020 in Telugu along with dubbed versions in Tamil and Malayalam.


title: Miss India (film)

text: Manasa Samyuktha (Keerthy Suresh), a woman with big goals from a middle-class family, moves to the USA after her brother Arjun (Kamal Kamaraju) got a job. She dreams of starting up her own tea business as promised to her grandfather (Rajendra Prasad) to continue his legacy but her family does not agree due to financial problems. On the way to becoming a successful businesswoman, she is forced to deal with sexism, criticism, and rivalry with Kailash Sivakumar (KSK) (Jagapathi Babu). KSK is a dangerous rival coffee manufacturer who tries to put her down, saying that a woman can never be successful, especially in business. Manasa decides to beat him and show him that a woman can be anything she aspires to be. The story revolves around her journey and the problems she faces while she attempts to start up her business.


title: Miss India (film)

text: The music is composed by S. Thaman and released by Aditya Music. The first single, "Kotthaga Kotthaga" written by Kalyan Chakravarthi and sung by Shreya Ghoshal and S. Thaman, was released on 7 February 2020. The next single "Lacha Gummadi" was sung by Srivardhini and released on 28 October 2020. The third single "Theme of Miss India" was sung by Harika Narayan and Sruthi Ranjani and was released on 29 October 2020. The album was released on 2 November 2020.


title: Miss India (film)

text: The film was released on Netflix on 4 November 2020 in Telugu along with dubbed versions in Tamil and Malayalam Languages.


title: Gloria DeHaven

text: Gloria Mildred DeHaven (July 23, 1925 – July 30, 2016) was an American actress and singer who was a contract star for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM).


title: Gloria DeHaven

text: DeHaven was born in Los Angeles, California, the daughter of actor-director Carter DeHaven and actress Flora Parker DeHaven, both former vaudeville performers. A 1983 newspaper article reported, "Miss DeHaven ... says that her real family name was O'Callahan before her father legally changed his name to DeHaven."


title: Gloria DeHaven

text: She began her career as a child actor with a bit part in Charlie Chaplin's "Modern Times" (1936). She was signed to a contract with MGM. She had featured roles in such films as "Best Foot Forward" (1943), "The Thin Man Goes Home" (1944), "Scene of the Crime" (1949) and "Summer Stock" (1950), and was voted by exhibitors as the third most likely to be a "star of tomorrow'" in 1944. She portrayed her own mother, Flora Parker DeHaven, in the Fred Astaire film "Three Little Words" (1950).


title: Gloria DeHaven

text: After a long absence from the screen, DeHaven appeared as the love interest of Jack Lemmon in the comedy "Out to Sea" (1997), also starring Walter Matthau.


title: Gloria DeHaven

text: DeHaven's musical talents supplemented her acting abilities. Besides being cast as a singer in many of her films, including "I'll Get By", "So This Is Paris" and "The Girl Rush", and performing numbers in many of her movies, DeHaven sang with the bands of Jan Savitt and Bob Crosby and at one time had her own nightclub act. DeHaven appeared often in the 1950's at the El Rancho Vegas, the first full service hotel casino on the Las Vegas Strip During the early 1960s, DeHaven recorded for the small Seeco label, where she appeared on the 1962 compilation album "Gloria Lynne and Her Friends". She was also heard on four of the "Revisited" compilations produced by Ben Bagley.


title: Gloria DeHaven

text: DeHaven appeared in the soap operas "Ryan's Hope" (as Bess Shelby), "As the World Turns" (as Sara Fuller), and "Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman". She was one of the numerous celebrities who appeared in the all-star box office flop, "Won Ton Ton, the Dog Who Saved Hollywood" (1976), and guest-starred in television series, including "Robert Montgomery Presents"; "Appointment with Adventure" (episode entitled "The Snow People"); "The Guy Mitchell Show"; "Johnny Ringo" (as Rosemary Blake in "Love Affair"); "The Rifleman"; "Wagon Train"; "The Lloyd Bridges Show"; "Flipper"; "Marcus Welby, M.D."; "Gunsmoke"; "Mannix"; "The Jimmy Stewart Show", "The Eddie Capra Mysteries"; "Fantasy Island"; "Hart to Hart"; "The Love Boat"; "Mama's Family"; "Highway to Heaven"; "Murder, She Wrote"; and "Touched by an Angel". On March 21, 1974, Gloria appeared as a guest on "The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson". Later that year, she was cast in the short-lived police drama "Nakia"., She also appeared with Horace Heidt on his "Swift Family Show Wagon" in 1955.


title: Gloria DeHaven

text: From January 1969 to February 1971, DeHaven hosted a morning call-in movie show on WABC-TV in New York City. She also appeared on five episodes of "Match Game 75" as a guest panelist.


title: Gloria DeHaven

text: DeHaven's Broadway debut came in 1955. She played Diane in the musical version of "Seventh Heaven". She also toured in a summer stock production of "No, No, Nanette".


title: Gloria DeHaven

text: DeHaven married four times. Her first husband was actor John Payne, star of "The Restless Gun", whom she married in 1944 and divorced in 1950. Her second husband was real estate developer Martin Kimmel. They were married in 1953 and divorced the following year. She was married to Richard Fincher, son of a Miami Oldsmobile dealer, from 1957 until 1963. They remarried in 1965 and divorced again in 1969.


title: Gloria DeHaven

text: She had two children with Payne, daughter Kathleen Hope (born 1945) and son Thomas John (born 1947) as well as two children with Fincher, son Harry (born 1958) and daughter Faith (born 1962).


title: Gloria DeHaven

text: DeHaven was a staunch Republican and attributed her youthful appearance in later years to an organic diet and faith in prayer.


title: Gloria DeHaven

text: DeHaven died on July 30, 2016, in Las Vegas of undisclosed causes a week after her 91st birthday while in hospice care after having had a stroke a few months earlier. She was survived by her four children.


title: Colby Donaldson

text: Colby Donaldson (born April 1, 1974) is an American television personality. He became the runner-up of "" (2001). He then competed on two more "Survivor" seasons, "" (2004) and "" (2010). He has also hosted reality competition shows, such as "Top Shot", "Top Guns", "The Butcher" and "Alone", all on the History network.


title: Colby Donaldson

text: Donaldson grew up in Christoval, Texas. He played high school football for and graduated in 1992 from Christoval High School. He earned a college degree in business marketing from Texas Tech University in 1996. Then he briefly worked as an HMO's sales representative and then became a self-employed car tuner in San Angelo. He moved his business to Dallas in late 2000.


title: Colby Donaldson

text: Donaldson first appeared on "" (2001) as part of the Ogakor tribe, which was divided between two alliances: one led by bartender/actress Jerri Manthey, whose flirtations Donaldson grew weary of; and another including Keith Famie and Tina Wesson. His Texan flag was notoriously used as a rooftop for the tribe's camp.


title: Colby Donaldson

text: After two Ogakor members were voted off, in the season's fourth Tribal Council (and Ogakor's third), Manthey's alliance voted agaist Famie, but Donaldson voted alongside Wesson's alliance against a member of Manthey's alliance and singer-songwriter Mitchell Olson, leading to the 3–3 tie and then the 2–2 retie. Votes cast in prior Councils weighed in to break the deadlock. Famie was not voted before, but Olson was voted once, leading to Olson's elimination.


title: Colby Donaldson

text: When the Ogakor and Kucha tribes merged into the Barramundi tribe, ten overall contestants remained—five each of their own tribe. Furthermore, the former Ogakor tribe was still divided between the two alliances. One of ex-Ogakor members Keith Famie won the season's first Individual Immunity challenge, making ex-Kucha members unable to vote against Famie. In Barramundi's first Tribal Council, the ex-Ogakors, despite division among them, voted against an ex-Kucha member Jeff Varner, but ex-Kucha members, still unable to vote against Famie, voted against an ex-Ogakor member Colby Donaldson, leading to the 5–5 tie and then the 4–4 retie. To break the second tie, Varner was eliminated based on votes cast against him in prior Councils, while votes against Donaldson had never been cast previously.


title: Colby Donaldson

text: The ex-Ogakors held majority advantage and voted out another ex-Kucha member. Then heavily disliked Manthey was voted off. Then eliminations of other remaining ex-Kucha members and another ex-Ogakor member Amber Brkich, who still aligned with Manthey post-merge, followed. When three players remained, Donaldson won the season's final immunity challenge, "Fallen Comrades", the quiz about eliminated contestants. This was his fifth consecutive individual immunity win.


title: Colby Donaldson

text: As the only player eligible to vote while possessing the Individual Immunity necklace, Donaldson voted off Famie, whom Donaldson found unworthy to be one of the final two, placing Famie third, and kept Wesson as promised.


title: Colby Donaldson

text: In the Final Tribal Council, Donaldson and Wesson revealed onscreen to the jury their own core alliance that helped maintain the Ogakor tribe's strength. They both further revealed using and holding Famie as part of their voting strategy from Olson's elimination to the final three. Donaldson became the runner-up to winner Tina Wesson by the 3–4 jury vote. For the runner-up placement, Donaldson earned $100,000 ().


title: Colby Donaldson

text: After "The Australian Outback", Donaldson appeared alongside other "Survivor" players in the May 8, 2001, episode of "The Rosie O'Donnell Show" and received from Rosie O'Donnell a Harley-Davidson motorcycle, one of his answers he made in "The Australian Outback" Final Tribal Council. He was one of "Australian Outback" players appearing on "Hollywood Squares" on the week of May 14, 2001. He was a representative and spokesman for a Make-A-Wish Foundation fundraising event at its West Texas branch (Permian Basin) on May 16, 2002. He appeared in a Saltgrass Steak House commercial.


title: Colby Donaldson

text: Donaldson moved from Dallas to Los Angeles in summer 2001 and then began taking acting lessons. He debuted his acting career in a television film "Another Pretty Face", which first aired on PAX on November 8, 2002. In the film, his character has marital issues and is the son-in-law of its main character (Mel Harris), a middle-aged newscaster who is fired from a news station for being too old and then, after makeover and plastic surgery, poses as a younger woman for her new job in another news station.


title: Colby Donaldson

text: Donaldson narrated an IMAX film "Texas: The Big Picture", which premiered in the IMAX Theatre of the Bullock Texas State History Museum on May 3, 2003. He also appeared in televised Schick commercials by no later than early 2004.


title: Colby Donaldson

text: Donaldson competed in "" (2004) as part of the original Mogo Mogo tribe. Mogo Mogo and Chapera absorbed the remaining members of the Saboga tribe, which dissolved after finishing last in a rowing challenge. Then Donaldson secretly arranged to oust the "Borneo" winner and another Mogo Mogo tribe member Richard Hatch, whom Donaldson perceived as a threat, making Hatch the fifth player eliminated. After asserting leadership for Mogo Mogo, Donaldson was eliminated by the 3–2 vote due to his potential threat status, despite his efforts to oust "The Australian Outback" returnee Jerri Manthey. At the reunion show, Donaldson was most voted the sexiest "Survivor" male player.


title: Colby Donaldson

text: Donaldson portrayed himself in "The Survivor" (2004), an episode of American sitcom "Curb Your Enthusiasm". In the episode, he is mistaken for a Holocaust survivor, and he and an actual Holocaust survivor argue at a dinner table over whose survival experience was tougher to endure than the other. He portrayed also a high school sweetheart of one of leading characters in the "Good Girls Don't" episode that aired on Oxygen on July 9, 2004, He portrayed a cop, unbeknownst to a main character Bridget (Kaley Cuoco) who entered a club with a fake ID card and became attracted to him there, in the "8 Simple Rules" episode that aired on ABC on November 12, 2004. That same year, he portrayed a love interest of Brittany Hodges (Lauren Woodland) in "The Young and the Restless" and a dim actor and rival of Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc) in three episodes of "Joey".


title: Colby Donaldson

text: Donaldson was among "People" magazine's "50 Hottest Bachelors" of 2004. He was one of celebrity judges for Animal Planet's "Nuts for Mutts", a contest for mixed-breed dogs, that same year.


title: Colby Donaldson

text: Donaldson and "Survivor" host Jeff Probst made guest appearances on "Mad TV" in 2005. He and singer Gloria Gaynor hosted an episode of fourteen-part Animal Planet series "The A-List" (2007) covering survival of strong animals. Donaldson frequently appeared in talk show "Rachael Ray". He hosted Speed's "American Thunder" in 2009 and appeared at a Make-A-Wish Foundation motorcycle-based fundraiser "Rumble to the Summit" on June 12–13, 2009.


title: Colby Donaldson

text: Donaldson competed for the third time in "" (2010) as part of the Heroes tribe, which early in the season lost its four members as result of losing four of five tribal immunity challenges. After one Hero and one Villain were eliminated in the same episode, when both tribes merged, ten players remained—five each from Heroes tribe and Villains tribe. Then the remaining Heroes were systematically eliminated. When he was eliminated, Donaldson was the last remaining Hero and finished in fifth place.


title: Colby Donaldson

text: He was one of three celebrity judges for the fifth annual Pennzoil Victory Burnout Challenge, part of the 2012 NASCAR Sprint All-Star Race.


title: Colby Donaldson

text: In 2016, Donaldson married long-time girlfriend Britt Bailey. Donaldson and his wife reside in Austin, Texas.


title: Colby Donaldson

text: Donaldson inspired "" contestant Sherri Biethman to name her son after him. It is estimated that over 2,000 babies were given the name Colby in 2001 because of Donaldson's popularity.


title: Tawang

text: Tawang is a town and administrative headquarter of Tawang district in the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. The town was once the capital of the Tawang Tract, which is now divided into the Tawang district and the West Kameng district. Tawang continues as the headquarters of the former.


title: Tawang

text: Tawang is situated 448 km north-west of state capital Itanagar at an elevation of approximately . It lies to the north of the Tawang Chu river valley, roughly south of the Line of Actual Control with China. It is the site of a famous Gelugpa Buddhist Monastery.


title: Tawang

text: Tawang is inhabited by the Monpa people. The Tawang Monastery was founded by the Merak Lama Lodre Gyatso in 1681 in accordance with the wishes of the 5th Dalai Lama, Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso, and has an interesting legend surrounding its name. ‘TA’ means 'Horse' and ‘WANG’ means 'Chosen'. So, the word 'Tawang' means "Chosen by Horse". As per a legend, the Monastery is believed to have been chosen by a Horse Owned by Mera Lama Lodre Gyatso. The sixth Dalai Lama, Tsangyang Gyatso, was born in Tawang.


title: Tawang

text: Tawang was historically under the control of Tibet. During the 1914 Simla Conference, Tibet and British India signed an agreement delineating their common boundary in the Assam Himalaya region, which came to be known as the McMahon Line. By this agreement, Tibet relinquished several hundred square miles of its territory, including Tawang, to the British. The agreement was not recognized by China. According to Tsering Shakya, the British records show that the Tibetans regarded the border agreed in 1914 as being conditional upon China accepting the Simla Convention. Since the British were unable to get China's acceptance, the Tibetans regarded the MacMahon line "invalid".


title: Tawang

text: The British did not implement the McMahon Line for over two decades, during which Tawang continued to be administered by Tibet. When the British botanist Frank Kingdon-Ward crossed the Sela Pass and entered Tawang in 1935 without permission from Tibet, he was briefly arrested.


title: Tawang

text: The Tibetan government lodged a formal complaint against Britain. This drew the attention of the British, who re-examined the Indo-Tibetan border, and attempted to revive the McMahon Line. In November, the British government demanded that Tibet implement the border agreement. This met with resistance from the Tibetan government which implied that China's acceptance of the Simla Convention was a prerequisite to all such concerns. Tibet refused to surrender Tawang, partly because of the importance attached to the Tawang Monastery. In 1938 the British made a move to assert sovereignty over Tawang by sending a small military column under Capt. G.S. Lightfoot to Tawang. The invasion was met with strong resistance from the Tibetan government, a serious protest was lodged against the British Indian government.


title: Tawang

text: After the outbreak of the war between China and Japan in 1941, the government of Assam undertook a number of 'forward policy' measures to tighten their hold on the North East Frontier Agency (NEFA) area, which later became Arunachal Pradesh. In 1944 administrative control was extended over the area of the Tawang tract lying south of the Sela Pass when J.P. Mills set up an Assam Rifles post at Dirang Dzong and sent the Tibetan tax-collectors packing. Tibetan protests were brushed aside. However, no steps were taken to evict Tibet from the area north of the pass which contained Tawang town.


title: Tawang

text: The situation continued after India's independence but underwent a decisive change in 1950 when Tibet lost its autonomy and was incorporated into the newly established People's Republic of China. In February 1951, India sent an official with a small escort and several hundred porters to Tawang and took control of the remainder of the Tawang tract from the Tibetans, removing the Tibetan administration. The Indian efforts were warmly welcomed by the native population as a respite from an oppressive feudal regime. During the Sino-Indian war of 1962, Tawang fell briefly under Chinese control, but China voluntarily withdrew its troops at the end of the war, and Tawang returned to Indian administration. But China has not relinquished its claims on most of Arunachal Pradesh including Tawang.


title: Tawang

text: Tawang town is located approximately from Guwahati and from Tezpur. Tawang has an average elevation of .


title: Tawang

text: The climate is warm and temperate in Tawang. In winter, there is much less rainfall in Tawang than in summer. According to Köppen and Geiger, this climate is classified as Cwb. The average temperature in Tawang is 10.3 °C. The average annual rainfall is .


title: Tawang

text: Tawang Monastery was founded by the Mera Lama Lodre Gyatso in accordance to the wishes of the 5th Dalai Lama, Nagwang Lobsang Gyatso. It belongs to the Gelugpa sect and is the largest Buddhist monastery in India. The name Tawang () means "Horse Chosen". It is said to be the biggest Buddhist monastery in the world outside of Lhasa, Tibet. It is a major holy site for Tibetan Buddhists as it was the birthplace of the sixth Dalai Lama.


title: Tawang

text: When the 14th Dalai Lama fled from Tibet to escape from the Chinese army, he crossed into India on 30 March 1959 and spent some days at the Tawang Monastery before reaching Tezpur in Assam on 18 April. In 2007, the Dalai Lama acknowledged that both the Tibetan government and Britain recognized the McMahon Line in 1914. He visited Tawang on 8 November 2009. About 30,000 people, including those from neighbouring Nepal and Bhutan, attended his religious discourse.


title: Tawang

text: Tawang Air Force Station has an already functional heliport .The Indian Airforce (IAF) has offered the upgraded ALG in Tawang for the operation of civil helicopter and flights for the tourism and UDAN scheme.


title: Tawang

text: The nearest functional civil airports with scheduled flights are the Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport at Guwahati and Salonibari Airport at Tezpur located at a distance of 450 and 325 kilometers, respectively.


title: Tawang

text: The nearest existing railway station is at Naharlagun, which is connected to major cities. A broad-gauge railway line connecting Missamari in Assam with Tawang has been proposed and a survey for the line was sanctioned in 2011.


title: Tawang

text: The proposed 166 km long Bhalukpong-Tawang railway link from the existing Bhalukpong railway station to Tawang in Arunachal Pradesh being undertaken as the national project will boost tourism and enhance the national security with faster movement of troops, it will pass through elevations of over 10,000 feet, 80% of the tracks will be through tunnels and the longest tunnel will be 29.48 km long. This link will reduce the existing 285 km Bhalukpong-Tawang road distance by 119 km, and shorten the road distance. As well as the railway, a 2 lane road highway will also be developed along the rail line. Once completed, further extension plans include a 100 km long western spur to Yongphulla Airport (upgraded by India and jointly used by the Indian Army and Bhutan Army) in eastern Bhutan via Yabab in India and Trashigang in Bhutan.


title: Tawang

text: Located on the northern most end of NH 13 of Trans-Arunachal Highway network, Tawang is from state capital Itanagar and is connected with buses run by APSRTC and private services.


title: Tawang

text: Border Roads Organisation (BRO) was tasked in July 2020 to build the strategic road from Lumla west of Tawang in India Trashigang in Bhutan through Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary which will reduce Guwahati to Tawang by 150 km and enable rapid deployment of troops in eastern Bhutan and in Tawang sector of India-China-Bhutan boder. This will be an upgrade of the existing Malo Road along Manas River (Dangme Chu River in Bhutanse) to National Highway standards, of this 40 km new winding road the 11 km ""Khitshang Road-Manlo Road"" stretch from Duksum on ""Trashiyangtse-Tashigang Road"" to Bhutan-India border in the east as well Lumla in India to Bhutan-India border already exists, only 10 km of new road needs to be constructed and the rest will be an upgrade of the existing roads. There are proposals to build more roads to connect eastern Bhutan with western Tawang such as ""Trashigang-Namshu Road"", the ""Chorten Kora-Zemithang Road"", road upgrade in Bhutan to Singye Dzong on Bhutan-China border, and an advance landing ground airstrip near Singye Dzong area along with more helipads in this area.


title: Tawang

text: Sela Tunnel through Sela Pass is an under-construction road tunnel project to ensure all-weather connectivity between Guwahati in Assam and Tawang in Arunachal Pradesh state of India. The tunnel gets its name from 4170 m (13,700 ft) Sela Pass which this tunnel will cut across and reduce the distance between Dirang and Tawang by 10 km. The Government of India announced the funding for construction of all weather transport tunnel in 2018-19 budget. Construction started in Jan/Feb 2019 and ends by December 2022. The tunnel which is being constructed by the Border Roads Organisation (BRO) will cut the travel time from the Indian Army's IV Corps headquarter at Tezpur to Tawang by at least 10 km or 1 hour, and it will also help make the NH13 an all-weather road to access Tawang which usually gets disconnected during winter. Pass itself is located at 13,700 feet, but the tunnel will pass through at the height of 10,000 feet. BRO is also improving the road from Sangestar Tso (north of Tawang) to Bum La Pass on India-China Line of Actual Control (disputed parts of McMahon Line). The tenders for construction were floated in 2018, and Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone in Feb 2019 to commence the construction.


title: Tawang

text: Tawang receives snowfall every year during December–January. There is also a ski lift in town. Visitors to Tawang, as is the case with the entire Arunachal Pradesh, require special Inner Line Permit (ILP) issued by the concerned government body and can be obtained from offices based in Kolkata, Guwahati, Tezpur, and New Delhi. Most of the travel from the plains is on a steep hill road journey, crossing Sela Pass at . Tourists can travel to Tawang from Tezpur, Assam by road and Tezpur has direct flights from Kolkata. In Oct 2014, a biweekly helicopter service from Guwahati was started by the Arunachal Pradesh government.


title: Madeline Amy Sweeney

text: Madeline Amy Sweeney (December 14, 1965 – September 11, 2001) was an American flight attendant who was killed when American Airlines Flight 11 was deliberately crashed into the World Trade Center by hijackers during the September 11 attacks.


title: Madeline Amy Sweeney

text: On September 11, 2001, Sweeney, who had been a flight attendant for 12 years, was asked by American Airlines to take an extra shift because the other crew member, who was assigned to the position, was ill. Normally, she would only work part-time on weekends.


title: Madeline Amy Sweeney

text: At approximately 7:15 a.m., before the plane had taken off, Sweeney made a cellular telephone call to her husband Mike, from the plane – which he deemed to be "highly unusual". She was feeling low about being at work and missing out on a chance to see their five-year old daughter Anna, a kindergartner, off to school. Mike comforted her by saying she'd have plenty of days ahead to see their kids off to school. After the plane was hijacked, she relayed a report on the phone with manager Michael Woodward of the seat numbers of the hijackers, which later helped investigators to determine their identities. Sweeney said that one of the hijackers had shown her a device with red and yellow wires that appeared to be a bomb.


title: Madeline Amy Sweeney

text: At 8:46 a.m., Sweeney was on the phone with Woodward when the plane crashed into the North Tower: "I see water. I see buildings. I see buildings! We are flying low. We are flying very, very low. We are flying way too low. Oh my God we are flying way too low. Oh my God!" She was survived by her husband and their two children.


title: Madeline Amy Sweeney

text: On February 11, 2002, Sweeney was commemorated in a series of new annual bravery awards initiated by the Government of Massachusetts. The annual Madeline Amy Sweeney Award for Civilian Bravery is awarded every September 11 to at least one Massachusetts resident who displayed extraordinary courage in defending or saving the lives of others. The first recipients were Sweeney, Flight 11 Captain John Ogonowski, and Sweeney's fellow flight attendant, Betty Ong, who had also relayed information about the hijacking to personnel on the ground. They were all residents of Massachusetts. Relatives of all three accepted the awards on their behalf.


title: Madeline Amy Sweeney

text: Sweeney is commemorated in the National September 11 Memorial & Museum on panel N-74 at the North Pool.


title: Andy Barclay

text: Andy Barclay is a fictional character and protagonist of the "Child's Play" horror film series. He is a young boy who, after receiving a Good Guy doll for his sixth birthday, is the prime suspect in a series of mysterious murders. In reality the murders are being committed by the doll, which was possessed by serial killer Charles Lee Ray (aka Chucky). The duo go on to become archenemies. Andy Barclay is portrayed by actor Alex Vincent in the original "Child's Play" film, "Child's Play 2", "Curse of Chucky", "Cult of Chucky" and in the "Chucky" television series. Justin Whalin played Andy in "Child's Play 3", while Gabriel Bateman played Andy in the 2019 reboot of "Child's Play". Andy is mentioned, but does not appear in "Bride of Chucky" and "Seed of Chucky".


title: Andy Barclay

text: Andy Barclay is celebrating his sixth birthday and really wants a Good Guy doll for his present. He even makes his mother breakfast in bed, to show her how good he is. However, the dolls are too expensive for her salary, and he ends up getting clothes instead. Seeing her son's disappointment, after she drops him off at daycare, Karen buys a doll for half price from a peddler unaware that the doll is possessed by the soul of a serial killer named Charles Lee Ray. Karen takes the doll back home to him, and he is very overjoyed to have a new best friend.


title: Andy Barclay

text: As Karen must go back to work, her best friend Maggie volunteers to babysit. The night goes by uneventfully until Maggie tells him that it is time for bed. Andy says that his doll, Chucky, wants to stay up to watch the 9 o'clock news. Thinking he is lying, she sends him to go brush his teeth but confronts him again when she finds Chucky on the couch with the TV on. Although Andy denies moving Chucky to the couch, she thinks Andy is really joking. She tucks him into bed, then goes to read a book. Later that night, when Maggie mysteriously falls to her death from the window, Andy is questioned by detective Mike Norris. During the investigation, Karen comes back home and is angered by Norris falsely implying that her son had something to do with Maggie's death. She kicks the detectives out and then goes to check on her son. She sees him talking to his doll, and thinks it is innocent enough until Andy says that the doll told him, "Aunt Maggie was a real bitch and got what she deserved."


title: Andy Barclay

text: The next day, Chucky gets Andy to bring him to the house of Chucky's former accomplice, Eddie Caputo. While Andy goes to urinate, Chucky manages to blow up the building, killing Eddie. The detectives are called in to check out the scene and again find Andy there. As they see this as more than a coincidence, they get Dr. Ardmore to monitor as Jack questions, Andy. When Jack asks why Maggie fell out of the window, Andy says that she saw Chucky, and it scared her so much she fell down. Karen comes to Andy's side, and explains that no one believes him; if he does not tell the truth, the police will take him away from her. Afraid, Andy confronts Chucky, begging him to say something. As he simply repeats his doll lines, he runs to his mother, telling her Chucky is doing it on purpose and would kill him if he ever told anyone about him. From behind the glass, Dr. Ardmore announces his presence. Seeing more than enough, he suggests Andy stay a few days at the hospital, and with no real choice, Karen reluctantly hands over her son.


title: Andy Barclay

text: At his hospital room, Andy hears Chucky coming up the stairs and screams for Dr. Ardmore to help which he does nothing. Chucky manages to get into Andy's room, but by that time Andy had escaped. Andy finds his way downstairs and into the operating room, followed by Chucky. After being knocked to the ground by Chucky, he picks a scalpel up and prepares to defend himself. However, he is seized by Dr. Ardmore, who puts him on the bed. Despite Andy's claims that Chucky is in the room, Ardmore goes to sedate him. Before he can do it though, Chucky kills Ardmore, allowing Andy to escape the hospital.


title: Andy Barclay

text: Andy makes it back to the apartment, but Chucky follows him. Chucky knocks him unconscious with a baseball bat and begins the ritual to transfer his soul. Luckily Norris and Karen burst in just in time to save Andy. After a brief fight, Karen throws Chucky into the fireplace, and despite Chucky's pleading, Andy lights a match and sets Chucky on fire. Hearing Norris in the bedroom, the two go to his side, and Karen tells Andy to retrieve the first aid kit from under the sink. However, as he goes, he notices that Chucky is missing from the fireplace. Completely charred, Chucky chases Andy, who runs back to the bedroom. Karen shoots him several times, missing his heart, but knocking off his head.


title: Andy Barclay

text: Jack later arrives and brings the doll's head into the bedroom. Unbeknownst to him, Chucky's body breaks through the air vent behind Jack and strangles him. As Karen pulls Chucky's body off Jack, Mike shoots him in the heart, finally killing him. Fearfully looking at Chucky's remains, Andy leaves with Karen and Jack to take Mike to the hospital.


title: Andy Barclay

text: Now eight years old, Andy is sent to a foster home with Phil and Joanne Simpson, as his mother Karen is undergoing a psychiatric evaluation after what transpired in the previous movie. Although the family is very nice, they become suspicious the next morning when one of Joanne's antiques is broken (by Chucky, who used the antique to destroy the family's existing Good Guy doll). Both Andy and his foster sister Kyle deny doing anything, so Phil sends them to do the laundry. Later that night, Chucky manages to track Andy down and invades the house, and goes into Andy's room. He ties him to the bed and begins the voodoo chant to transfer his soul. However, before he can finish, Kyle sneaks back into the house through Andy's window after seeing her boyfriend. She tries to untie Andy as Phil and Joanne walk in on them. They accuse Kyle of tying up Andy as a sick joke and ignore Andy's pleas that the doll is alive. Chucky is thrown in the basement by Phil. Chucky realizes he has a nosebleed, which he attributes because he is becoming more human as time goes on.


title: Andy Barclay

text: The next morning, Andy goes to his first day of school, and Chucky follows. While his teacher Miss Kettlewell is reading a story to the class, there is a disruption by a bully teasing Andy. She thinks Andy is the source and scolds him for it. During recess, Chucky enters the classroom and writes obscenities on Andy's test paper. When the day is over, Miss Kettlewell uncovers the paper and forces him to stay after school for detention. She mistakenly locks him inside the classroom after throwing Chucky in the closet, while she leaves to phone Phil. Andy tries to call for help from anybody on the other side of the locked door, but to no avail. Chucky begins shouting from the closet for Andy to let him out, but Andy instead escapes by opening the window and running home. Miss Kettlewell returns to the classroom to find Andy gone. Hearing a sound from the closet and believing Andy is hiding within, she opens the door to reveal a fully alive Chucky. Chucky stabs her with an air pump that knocks her back, after which he beats her to death with a yardstick.


title: Andy Barclay

text: When Andy comes home, Phil confronts him about his test paper, and Andy explains that Chucky did it. Phil takes him to the basement to prove the doll is not alive and surprisingly, Chucky is there. In the middle of the night, Andy hears a sound coming from downstairs. He arms himself with a knife and proceeds into the basement. From there he is attacked by Chucky but is saved by Phil coming downstairs. Andy tries to warn Phil about Chucky, but Chucky trips him, causing him to fall and break his neck. When Joanne finds Phil's dead body, she blames Andy for Phil's death and sends him back to the orphanage.


title: Andy Barclay

text: While at the orphanage, the fire alarm is pulled, Andy and his caseworker Grace run into Kyle as they try to evacuate. Grace blames Kyle, who is being held at knifepoint by Chucky, and pulls her and Andy back to her office. When Grace takes the doll from Kyle, Chucky pulls out his knife and stabs the caseworker to death. Chucky grabs Andy and forces him to go to the Play Pals factory, with Kyle running after them. From there, he knocks Andy unconscious and begins to say the chant. However, the chant fails; Chucky is trapped in his doll form forever. Enraged, Chucky goes to kill Andy but is subdued by Kyle. She takes Andy and runs through the factory, while Chucky tries to stop them. But before getting them, Andy pours molten plastic on Chucky, partially melting his head. Andy and Kyle then jam an air hose into his mouth, causing his head to explode, finally killing him. Both Andy and Kyle leave the factory together, towards uncertain futures.


title: Andy Barclay

text: Eight years later, Andy is now sixteen years old. He has been thrown out of numerous foster homes, and Social Services has enrolled him in a military academy as a last destination. The head of the school, Cochran, agrees to let Andy in because he has had a rough life, but tells him to grow up and forget the killer doll fantasies. Andy is placed in a bunk with another student, Harold Whitehurst, who he finds bound and gagged in their closet. This was done by Cadet/Lieutenant/Colonel Brett Shelton, who uses his position to bully Andy. Regardless of Shelton's bullying, he is able to keep his friend Whitehurst; he also meets another student named Kristen De Silva, and the two develop a strong romantic relationship.


title: Andy Barclay

text: Unbeknownst to Andy, Chucky has shipped himself to the academy, in order to transfer his soul into his now teenaged nemesis. During the night, he confronts Andy in his room and reveals his plan to transfer his soul into a different child's body: Ronald Tyler, an 8-year-old returning cadet whom Andy had befriended when he first arrived at the academy. Tyler was tasked with delivering a package to Andy (which was in fact Chucky) earlier, but Tyler realized it was a Good Guy doll and planned to keep it for himself. When Chucky burst free from the package, he was initially furious that Tyler didn't take the package to Andy, but soon realizes it would be way easier to possess this unsuspecting new child. Chucky now plans to kill Andy so he can't stop him but Andy thwarts him off until Shelton enters the room. He finds Andy slamming Chucky against the floor, and rudely takes Chucky from him. The next morning, Andy approaches Tyler and asks him about Chucky and not to trust him, mentioning all the bad Chucky did when he was a little boy. Tyler snaps that he is just jealous that Chucky did not pick him first. Still worried for Tyler's life and knowing he must be a protector like his mother Karen and his foster sister Kyle were to him when he was younger, Andy decides to give him a pocket knife in case Chucky tries to transfer his soul into Tyler's body again and he is not around to protect him.


title: Andy Barclay

text: When the school's annual paintball war begins, Andy sneaks off to find Tyler, who had run away from Chucky in the woods. Realizing that Andy was right and that Chucky is truly alive and evil, Tyler stabs the doll with the pocket knife and escapes. He later meets up with Andy and the rest of the blue team. Chucky next attacks Kristen, using her as a hostage to lure out Andy and exchange Tyler for her. After their exchange, the red team comes into the area, and instead of shooting paintballs, they shoot live bullets that Chucky secretly placed in their guns. In the chaos, Tyler briefly escapes only to find himself once again held hostage by Chucky. Kristen and Andy follow Chucky and Tyler into a haunted house at a nearby carnival.


title: Andy Barclay

text: In an attempt to keep her from rescuing Tyler, Chucky shoots Kristen in the leg, leaving Andy to fight him alone. After a struggle, Tyler is knocked out, and Chucky begins his ritual chant. However, before he finishes, Andy reaches them on the top of a skull-covered mountain prop. He shoots Chucky in the arm and chest, causing Chucky to lose his weapon. Even after being disarmed, Chucky pounces on Andy and attempts to strangle him. Tyler awakens and gives Andy his pocket knife from earlier. Andy uses it to slice off Chucky's remaining hand, causing the doll to fall into a giant fan that shreds him to pieces. After leaving the haunted house, Andy visits Kristen, who is being treated by medics, and allows himself to be arrested. Andy is last seen riding off in the backseat of a police car.


title: Andy Barclay

text: Andy is briefly mentioned in a newspaper article titled "Boy claims doll possessed by killer's soul".