title: Bethel, New York

text: By the middle of the 19th century, a tourist industry began to grow. Bethel was home to numerous hotels that were part of the "Borscht Belt" and numerous sleepaway camps for most of the 20th century, including Camp Ma-Ho-Ge, Camp Chipinaw, and Camp Ranger – all on Silver Lake. In 1961, Son of Sam mass murderer David Berkowitz was a camper at a now defunct summer camp in Bethel. Berkowitz left the camp after a suspicious fire occurred in his cabin.


title: Bethel, New York

text: According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and (5.13%) is water. One of the most attractive features of Bethel is its access to numerous lakes, all within a five-minute drive of each other. They include White Lake, its northern portion known as Kauneonga Lake, Silver Lake, and Lake Superior, which is part of the state park with the same name.


title: Bethel, New York

text: The Town of Bethel, which is primarily rural in character, was part of the old Borscht Belt Catskills resort area. Although some bungalow colonies continue to exist, catering to a largely Orthodox Jewish clientele during the summer, most of the old resorts which had their heyday from the 1930s to the early 1970s have long since closed.


title: Bethel, New York

text: At the time of the census of 2000, there were 4,362 people, 1,649 households, and 1,101 families residing in the town. The population density was 51.1 people per square mile (19.7/km). There were 3,641 housing units at an average density of 42.6 per square mile (16.5/km). The racial makeup of the town in 2000 was 90.35% White, 11.28% Latin American or Latino of any race, 4.61% African American, 2.80% other races, 1.40% two or more races, 0.50% Asian, 0.18% Native American, and 0.16% Pacific Islander.


title: Bethel, New York

text: There were 1,649 households, out of which 54.2% were married couples living together. 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.2% were non-families, 27.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.95.


title: Bethel, New York

text: The ages of the town's residents included 28.7% from 45 to 64, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 21.8% under the age of 18, 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older, and 6.8% from 18 to 24. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.9 males.


title: Bethel, New York

text: The median income for a household in the town was $36,017, and the median income for a family was $37,321. Males had a median income of $35,025 versus $24,438 for females. The per capita income for the town was $25,335. About 9.4% of families and 14.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.6% of those under age 18 and 10.4% of those age 65 or over.


title: Bethel, New York

text: The Town of Bethel was brought to the world's attention in 1969, when nearly 500,000 people gathered at Max Yasgur's Farm for "Three Days of Peace and Music". The documentary made about Woodstock released in 1970 showed interviews with numerous Bethel residents, including Art Vassmer, co-owner of Vassmers General Store in Kauneonga Lake. A movie called "Taking Woodstock" was released in August 2009 based on the book of the same title by Elliot Tiber, whose parents owned the nearby El Monaco Motel in White Lake and played a pivotal role in bringing the Woodstock nation to Bethel.


title: Bethel, New York

text: In 1998, a concert was hosted at the original site and this helped ignite the vision of philanthropist Alan Gerry and daughter Robyn to acquire the land and build what was to become Bethel Woods Center for the Arts. In 2008, an interactive museum commemorating Woodstock and the Baby Boomer generation opened at Bethel Woods.


title: Bethel, New York

text: On July 1, 2006, Bethel Woods Center for the Arts opened on the site of the original Woodstock Festival and hosted the New York Philharmonic. Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young closed out the inaugural season in August 2006, bringing the foursome back to Bethel for the first time since August 1969. The summer 2007 concert lineup at Bethel Woods began in June 2007 with the bands Chicago and America. Other performers during the summer of 2007 included the New York Philharmonic, Bob Dylan, Brad Paisley, Lynyrd Skynyrd with The Marshall Tucker Band, Earth, Wind & Fire, Arlo Guthrie, Richie Havens, Phish, and others.


title: Bethel, New York

text: In 2006, Bethel Woods opened on the original Woodstock site as a state-of-the-art performing arts venue. In early-2008, a multi-media Woodstock "interpretive" museum opened near the old Yasgur's Farm to complement the concert space, which hosted the New York Philharmonic, Wynton Marsalis, Diane Reeves, Chris Botti, the Goo Goo Dolls, the Boston Pops Orchestra, and Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young in its inaugural season. Highlights of the center's 2007 season were performances by Lynyrd Skynyrd/Marshall Tucker Band, Bob Dylan, Richie Havens/Arlo Guthrie, Earth, Wind & Fire, and repeat performances of the New York Philharmonic and the Boston Pops Orchestra. 2008's season featured The New York Philharmonic, the Boston Pops Orchestra, Steely Dan, the Allman Brothers, and sold-out performances by the Jonas Brothers and the last concert of the season, featuring Heart, Journey, and Cheap Trick. The 2009 season was headlined by Brad Paisley and his band "The Drama Kings".


title: Bethel, New York

text: The state and the town of Bethel council subsequently passed laws prohibiting mass event types of festivals. In 2019, a 50th celebration of Woodstock was organized: "Sullivan County ... finally embracing the ultimate symbol of peace and love, the 1969 Woodstock festival". The "Woodstock 50" festival, scheduled for August, was canceled months earlier so it did not take place. The Bethel Woods Center for the Arts did organize a weekend of "low-key" concerts.


title: The Rocker (film)

text: The Rocker is a 2008 American comedy film directed by Peter Cattaneo and written by Maya Forbes and Wallace Wolodarsky, from a story by Ryan Jaffe. The film stars Rainn Wilson as a failed musician who goes on tour with his nephew's band after one of their songs goes viral. Christina Applegate, Jeff Garlin, Josh Gad, Teddy Geiger and Emma Stone also star. It was released on August 20, 2008, received mixed reviews and was a box office bomb, grossing just $8 million against its $15 million budget.


title: The Rocker (film)

text: In 1986, Vesuvius, a rock band from Cleveland, Ohio, performs at a local theater. After the show, their manager informs them that a record company is interested in signing them, but only if they replace drummer Robert "Fish" Fishman with the nephew of the record company's president. At first the band refuses, as they have been together since high school and agree that Fish is the heart and soul of their band, but when their manager tells them they would get to tour as the opening act for Whitesnake, the band relents and drives away in their van, without Fish.


title: The Rocker (film)

text: Twenty years later, Vesuvius remains an immensely successful band, while Fish is living a normal life. Matt Gadman, Fish's high school-aged nephew, plays keyboards in an alternative rock band called A.D.D., along with his friends Curtis Powell and Amelia Stone. The band is scheduled to play their school's prom but the gig is in jeopardy when their drummer gets suspended from school. Matt convinces the others to allow Fish to fill in. The concert goes well at first, as Fish is still a natural talent on drums (in spite of not playing in 20 years), but he ruins the gig when he gets carried away and launches into an impromptu drum solo during a ballad. However, Fish is so excited by Curtis' songs and the chance to play again, he convinces them to let him join the band if he can deliver another gig. After repeated failed attempts, he finally succeeds in securing a gig at a club in Fort Wayne, Indiana. Because the other members are all minors, they have to sneak out to the gig but are apprehended in the process, as Fish borrowed his sister's minivan without permission, which she reported as stolen. Fish is forced to leave and rents the basement of a Chinese restaurant.


title: The Rocker (film)

text: The band invents a new way to practice via four-way iChat. To the dismay of his bandmates, Fish performs in the nude due to the heat of his new residence. The video of the practice quickly goes viral under the title of the "naked drummer band". The band is signed to a recording contract by the same label as Vesuvius, and are sent on a midwest tour. However, Fish commits stereotypical acts, despite the physical costs on his body, and he vandalizes a hotel room, causing the band to be apprehended again.


title: The Rocker (film)

text: After securing A.D.D.'s release, Kim, Curtis' mother, promises the other parents she will stay for the remainder of the tour, so their kids won't be influenced by Fish's antics.


title: The Rocker (film)

text: The label asks A.D.D. to open a show for Vesuvius honoring their induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Fish refuses to play the gig and Kim kisses him in a failed attempt to convince him to let go of his anger and finally move on. David sees the kiss and exaggerates the details of the ordeal to Curtis. At a later gig, Curtis announces they would be playing the show, angering Fish and driving him to leave the band. When the new drummer from the label proves to be lazy, Curtis eventually apologizes to Fish and convinces him to put aside his resentment and play the show. After meeting Vesuvius before the show to discover they have become vain and arrogant while sporting fake British accents (except for the drummer, who is actually English), Fish decides to forgive Vesuvius and wishes them good luck. Fish and the band perform to a standing ovation. After their gig, Amelia and Curtis, as well as Fish and Kim both begin a relationship. During Vesuvius' set, the lead singer's microphone falls off the stand while the voice track of their song continues revealing that they have been lip-syncing. Vesuvius' recording malfunctions, revealing their lip-synching to the audience, who boos them off the stage and their Hall of Fame membership is rescinded. The audience chants an encore for A.D.D., who fire David and perform for the crowd once again.


title: The Rocker (film)

text: "The Rocker" was mostly filmed in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, with some exterior shots filmed in Cleveland, Ohio from July to September 2007.


title: The Rocker (film)

text: The songs attributed to the band A.D.D. were mostly written and produced by musician/producer Chad Fischer, of the band Lazlo Bane. Fischer also performed most of the music, with Teddy Geiger singing the lead vocals. The songs attributed to the band Vesuvius were written and performed by the members of Lazlo Bane, with lead vocals sung by Keith England.


title: The Rocker (film)

text: To promote the movie, the song "Promised Land", as performed by the fictional band Vesuvius, was released as free downloadable content for the video game "Rock Band", which is shown being played in the movie.


title: The Rocker (film)

text: A viral marketing effort for the film was begun on August 11, 2008, when Rainn Wilson posted a message to the MySpace blog of Jenna Fischer, his co-star from "The Office". According to his message, he had "kidnapped the lovely Jenna, put her, bound, in the trunk of my Firebird and logged onto her MySpace to send out this bulletin...To free America's sweetheart...you must attend my new movie, 'The Rocker', which opens August 20th...As soon as the film grosses 18.7 Mil, she will be released and given a peach smoothie." In the end the film was not even close to grossing that much money. A subsequent blog entry pointed readers to freejennanow.com, where videos were posted and features such as a "Free Jenna Game" and countdown tickers could be found.


title: The Rocker (film)

text: 'The Rocker: Live The Dream' was a competition to promote the film via MySpace and "Kerrang!" magazine in the UK. Over 1200 bands entered original songs at therockeruk for a chance to win a photo shoot and interview with "Kerrang!" magazine, a trip to the MySpace Black Curtain Screening in London, Gibson musical equipment and an assortment of 20th Century Fox merchandise. Ten bands went through to the final judging and Scottish band Alburn were chosen by "Kerrang!" editor Paul Brannigan, as the winner. Alburn dressed and posed as characters from the film in the "Kerrang!" photo shoot. Rainn Wilson recorded a video message for the winning band, which was played at the MySpace Black Curtain Screening.


title: The Rocker (film)

text: A Flash game titled "The Rocker: TV Toss" was also released. In the game, the player controls Fish (in 1st person view). The objective is to do damage to the hotel room by tossing TVs at various objects. The high score is calculated by means of the cost of objects damaged.


title: The Rocker (film)

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 41% based on 123 reviews, with an average rating of 5.2/10. The site's critics consensus reads: "With a predictable and lightweight story, the earnest efforts of the cast are squandered by "The Rocker"s bland script." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 53 out of 100, based on 28 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.


title: The Rocker (film)

text: "The Rocker" was released on August 20, 2008 in the USA. It was a bomb at the worldwide box office, opening outside the Top 10 at #12 with $2.64 million for its first weekend, grossing less than $7 million overall during its entire theatrical run. One of the stars of the film, Emma Stone, had another film ("The House Bunny") open the same weekend. It fared much better than "The Rocker", opening at #2.


title: Joint terminal attack controller

text: Joint Terminal Attack Controller (JTAC) is the term used in the United States Armed Forces and some other military forces for a qualified service member who directs the action of combat aircraft engaged in close air support and other offensive air operations from a forward position. The term that is used in most other countries, as well as previously in the US and in the relevant NATO standard is Forward Air Controller. The term became effective in the US on September 3, 2003 with the publishing of Joint Publication (JP) 3-09.3 "Close Air Support".


title: Joint terminal attack controller

text: In 2006, the Royal Australian Air Force became the first foreign air force to receive Joint Terminal Attack Controller (JTAC) accreditation from the United States Joint Forces Command (USJFCOM). No. 4 Squadron RAAF runs JTAC training, and provides trained controllers to other units, with its main role being to support the units of the Special Operations Command. JTAC-qualified personnel have served in Afghanistan. The Australian Army's 16 Regiment, Royal Australian Artillery also includes a troop of JTACs.


title: Joint terminal attack controller

text: Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina are as of December 2021 in the process of making and organizing their Joint Terminal Attack Controller (JTAC) units with training from SOCEUR. U.S. Army SOF Soldiers are assisting and advising AF BiH in the creation of a national JTAC program which will be one of the first specialty-selected, trained, and equipped units in AF BiH.


title: Joint terminal attack controller

text: Canadian JTACs are currently part of the artillery observation battery. They are employed in the regular Canadian Army and as part of Canadian Special Operations Forces Command (CANSOFCOM). The Royal Canadian Air Force TACP personnel can also be employed in the JTAC role provided they successfully complete the JTAC course. There is current discussion on creating JTAC as a stand alone MOS/trade within the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF). It is currently executed as a secondary duty by mainly artillery NCMS.


title: Joint terminal attack controller

text: The Finnish Army has JTACs as part of the professional SOF units, and some of the reserve officers trained as artillery observers also receive training in directing close air support. Finnish JTACs are trained according to US and NATO standards


title: Joint terminal attack controller

text: Italy has qualified JTAC operators in its tier 1, 2 and 3 teams. Some of these operators have served in Afghanistan, as part of TF45. During the Afghanistan War, AMX ground attack aircraft from the Italian Air Force TF BLACK CATS conducted Close Air Support with JTAC operators on the ground provided by the Italian Army, the Carabinieri, and the Navy and Air Force. The equipment used by Italian JTAC operators is not well publicized, although the equipment used by 185 RRAO has been briefly reported on. The training areas used by Italian JTACs are also kept secret. It has been reported that Italian JTACs will potentially work with the newest gunship, the MC-27J Praetorian in the future.


title: Joint terminal attack controller

text: A qualified and current JTAC is recognized across the U.S. Department of Defense as being capable and authorized to perform terminal attack control.


title: Joint terminal attack controller

text: United States Marine Corps students are trained at the Expeditionary Warfare Training Group, Pacific (EWTGPAC), and Atlantic (EWTGLANT). United States Air Force students receive their training at Nellis Air Force Base in Nevada, while United States Navy students are trained at the Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center (NSAWC) at Naval Air Station Fallon in Nevada by SEALs assigned to NSAWC. The USMC requires that FACs:


title: Joint terminal attack controller

text: At the completion of the TACP course Aviators are granted the 7502 FAC MOS and are considered certified and qualified JTACs.


title: Joint terminal attack controller

text: When deployed on operations each USMC infantry company is allocated a FAC or JTAC. It is proposed that standard squad leaders will be trained as Joint Fires Observers.


title: Joint terminal attack controller

text: The Air Force trains JTACS at two locations, Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada and Spangdahlem Air Base, Germany. At Nellis the 6th Combat Training Squadron has two JTAC courses; Joint Terminal Attack Controller Qualification Course, Joint Terminal Attack Controller Instructor Course. The JTAC course at Spangdahlem is through the Joint Firepower Center of Excellence (JFCOE).


title: Joint terminal attack controller

text: Nellis is also home to the graduate-level JTAC Weapons Instructor Course through the U.S. Air Force Weapons School which is open to TACPs/ALOs and Combat Controllers/STOs. The course requires applicants to be qualified JTACs for three years and a JTAC Instructor for one year. The 5.5 month-long course is held twice per year and includes 752 total hours in classrooms and on ranges. The first class graduated in December 2012. They train in conjunction with pilots attending the Weapons School. As of June 24, 2015 29 airmen have graduated from the JTAC Advanced Instructor Course.


title: Joint terminal attack controller

text: Members of special operations units may attend the Special Operations Terminal Attack Control Course (SOTACC) at Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona. SOTACC was established 2003 under the Army's John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and was subsequently transferred to the Air Force Special Operations Command's Special Tactics Training Squadron in 2008.


title: Joint terminal attack controller

text: JDAT, formerly JFIIT, provided SMEs for the revision of the NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG) 3733, the JFIRE Multi-Service Procedures for the Joint Application of Firepower publication, and Joint Terminal Attack Controller (JTAC) Memorandums of Agreement for DoD and partner nations.


title: Lalita Pawar

text: Lalita Pawar (18 April 1916 – 24 February 1998) was a prolific Indian actress, who later became famous as a character actress, appearing in over 700 films in Hindi, Marathi and Gujarati cinema. She holds a Guinness world record of longest acting career spanning over 70 years. Pawar is the awardee of a Filmfare award for best supporting actress for Anari. She featured in hit films such as "Netaji Palkar" (1938), made by Bhalji Pendharkar, New Hana Pictures' "Sant Damaji", Navyug Chitrapat's "Amrit", written by VS Khandekar, and Chhaya Films' "Gora Kumbhar". Her other memorable roles were in the films "Anari" (1959), "Shri 420" and "Mr & Mrs 55", and the role of Manthara, in Ramanand Sagar's television epic serial "Ramayan".


title: Lalita Pawar

text: Pawar was born as Amba Laxman Rao Sagun on 18 April 1916, into an orthodox family in Yeola in Nashik. Her father Laxman Rao Shagun was a rich silk and cotton piecegoods merchant. She started her acting career at age nine in the film "Raja Harishchandra" (1928), and later went on to play lead roles in the silent era and 1940s films, in a career that lasted until the end of her life, spanning seven decades.


title: Lalita Pawar

text: She co-produced and acted in a silent film "Kailash" (1932), and later produced another film "Duniya Kya Hai" in 1938, a talkie.


title: Lalita Pawar

text: In 1942, as a part of a scene in the movie "Jung-E-Azadi", actor Master Bhagwan was to slap her hard. Being a new actor, he accidentally slapped her very hard, which resulted in facial paralysis and a burst left eye vein. Three years of treatment later, she was left with a defective left eye; thus she had to abandon lead roles, and switch to character roles, which won her much of her fame later in life.


title: Lalita Pawar

text: She was known particularly for playing maternal figures, especially wicked matriarchs or mothers-in-law. She also notably played the strict but kind Mrs. L. D'Sa in "Anari" (1959) with Raj Kapoor. Under Hrishikesh Mukherjee's direction, she gave the performance of a lifetime, for which she received the Filmfare Best Supporting Actress Award. And as the tough matriarch who falls in love in "Professor" (1962), and the devious hunchback Manthara in Ramanand Sagar's television series "Ramayan". She was honored by the Government of India as the first lady of Indian cinema in 1961.


title: Lalita Pawar

text: Her first marriage was to Ganpatrao Pawar, which went sour after his affair with her younger sister. She later married film producer Rajprakash Gupta, of Ambika studios, Bombay. She continued to live with her grandson Sanjay Pawar and her husband in Juhu. Her son Jai Pawar continued to become a producer and worked with her in movies like Manzil. Her son Jai Pawar had 2 sons Sanjay Pawar and Manoj Pawar. They both continue to live in Mumbai as her great- daughter Aanya Pawar. She died on 24 February 1998 in Aundh, Pune, where she had been staying for a while.


title: Academy Award for Best Costume Design

text: The Academy Award for Best Costume Design is one of the Academy Awards presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) for achievement in film costume design.


title: Academy Award for Best Costume Design

text: The award was first given in 1949, for films made in 1948. Initially, separate award categories were established for black-and-white films and color films. Since the merger of the two categories in 1967, the academy has traditionally avoided giving out the award to films with a contemporary setting.


title: Academy Award for Best Costume Design

text: The Academy Award for Best Costume Design is given out annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences for the best achievement of film costume design of the previous year. Films that are eligible for the award must meet a series of criteria, including the requirement that the costumes must have been "conceived" by a costume designer. For this particular criteria, each submission is reviewed by the costume designer members of the Art Directors Branch prior to the ballot process. Further rules include that the nominee(s) be only the principal costume designer(s), that the five films that receive the highest number of votes will become the ceremony's nominations for final voting, and that the final voting will only be undertaken by active and life members of the academy.


title: Academy Award for Best Costume Design

text: The Academy Award for Best Costume Design was first given out at the 21st Academy Awards, held on March 24, 1949. The award had two subcategories, one for films in black and white and one for films in color. At the 30th Academy Awards, held on March 26, 1958, these two subcategories were merged into one, which was the result of the academy reducing the number of competitive categories from 30 to 24. The 32nd Academy Awards saw the category again be split into two for recognition of both black and white and color film. Eight years later, the Academy Award for Best Costume Design, along with two other awards, were each combined into their own single category recognizing achievement in film.


title: Academy Award for Best Costume Design

text: From 1949 to 1966, most Academy Awards for Best Costume Design in Black and White were given to a contemporary movie. On the other hand, epics, fantasies, and musicals dominated the color category. Since the merger into one singular category for color films in 1967, films set in modern times have won only three times. The three contemporary-set winners have been "Travels with My Aunt", "All That Jazz", and "The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert". All other winners during this period have been set in the past or in a science-fiction or fantasy setting.


title: Academy Award for Best Costume Design

text: Edith Head won eight times and was nominated 35 times in all, both the most in history. Milena Canonero and Colleen Atwood are the most honored living designers, with four awards each.


title: Academy Award for Best Costume Design

text: The following 85 designers have received multiple nominations for the Academy Award for Best Costume Design. This list is sorted by the number of total awards (with the number of total nominations listed in parentheses).


title: The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter

text: The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter (1940) is the debut novel by the American author Carson McCullers; she was 23 at the time of publication. It is about a deaf man named John Singer and the people he encounters in a 1930s mill town in the US state of Georgia.


title: The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter

text: A. S. Knowles, Jr., author of "Six Bronze Petals and Two Red: Carson McCullers in the Forties," wrote that the book "still seems to capture [the author's] total sensibility more completely than her other works." Frederic I. Carpenter wrote in "The English Journal" that the novel "essentially [...] described the struggle of all these lonely people to come to terms with their world, to become members of their society, to find human love—in short, to become mature."


title: The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter

text: The title comes from the poem "The Lonely Hunter" by the Scottish poet William Sharp, who used the pseudonym "Fiona MacLeod".


title: The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter

text: "Deep in the heart of Summer, sweet is life to me still, But my heart is a lonely hunter that hunts on a lonely hill."


title: The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter

text: The book begins with a focus on the relationship between two close friends, John Singer and Spiros Antonapoulos, deaf-mutes who have lived together for several years. Antonapoulos becomes mentally ill, misbehaves, and, despite attempts at intervention from Singer, is eventually put into an insane asylum away from town. Now alone, Singer moves into a new room.


title: The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter

text: The remainder of the narrative centers on the struggles of four of John Singer's acquaintances: Mick Kelly, a tomboyish girl who loves music and dreams of buying a piano; Jake Blount, an alcoholic labor agitator; Biff Brannon, the observant owner of a diner; and Dr. Benedict Mady Copeland, an idealistic physician.


title: The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter

text: McCullers sought to create a novel about a character to whom other characters reveal their innermost secrets. Initially her main character was Jewish.


title: The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter

text: The scholar Nancy B. Rich stated that many of the supporting characters are only concerned about their own causes and never achieve a "clear voice" due to their lack of courtesy to one another. Rich also stated that most of the characters do not stand a chance at making meaningful changes towards the governing system.


title: The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter

text: McCullers had started a politically oriented magazine and voiced a possibility of becoming active in politics.


title: The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter

text: When published in 1940, the novel created a literary sensation and enjoyed a rapid rise to the top of the bestseller lists; it was the first in a string of works by McCullers that give voice to those who are rejected, forgotten, mistreated or oppressed. Evans wrote that the initial reaction was "a divided reception from the critics, some of whom were inclined to view it, not so much as a novel in its own right, but as a kind of literary phenomenon—as the precocious product" of a young author who may turn out higher quality product when she is older.


title: The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter

text: Alice Hamilton wrote in the "Dalhousie Review" that the presence of so many mutes in the storyline "Taken literally [...] strains the bounds of credulity."


title: The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter

text: Frederic I. Carpenter wrote in "The English Journal" that the ending exhibits "frustration" as Biff Brannon makes comments and as Adolf Hitler makes proclamations over the radio.


title: The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter

text: The Modern Library ranked the novel seventeenth on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century. "Time" included it in "TIME 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005". In 2004 the novel was selected for Oprah's Book Club.


title: The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter

text: A stage adaptation of "The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter" premiered on March 30, 2005, at the Alliance Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia. The show ran until April 24 of that year, then toured. The play was an Alliance Theater presentation done in association with The Acting Company out of New York. The play, adapted by Rebecca Gilman, was directed by Doug Hughes.


title: The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter

text: British artist Joe Simpson made McCullers's book the centerpiece of his 2014 painting, "The Heart Is A Lonely Hunter". The painting shows two characters each reading the book on the London Underground; it is one of his ongoing series of paintings entitled, "London".


title: History of cheese

text: The production of cheese predates recorded history, beginning well over 7,000 years ago. Humans likely developed cheese and other dairy foods by accident, as a result of storing and transporting milk in bladders made of ruminants' stomachs, as their inherent supply of rennet would encourage curdling. There is no conclusive evidence indicating where cheese-making originated, possibly Europe, or Central Asia, the Middle East, or the Sahara.


title: History of cheese

text: No one knows when cheese was first made. The earliest direct evidence of cheesemaking is now being found in clay sieves (holed pottery) over seven thousand years old, for example in Kujawy, Poland, and the Dalmatian coast in Croatia, the latter with dried remains which chemical analysis suggests was cheese. Shards of holed pottery were also found in Urnfield pile-dwellings on Lake Neuchatel in Switzerland and are hypothesized to be cheese-strainers; they date back to 6,000 BC (8,000 years ago).


title: History of cheese

text: For preservation purposes, cheese-making may have begun by the pressing and salting of curdled milk. Animal skins and inflated internal organs already provided storage vessels for a range of foodstuffs. Curdling milk in an animal's stomach made solid and better-textured curds, which could easily have led to the conscious addition of rennet.


title: History of cheese

text: Hard salted cheese is likely to have accompanied dairying from the outset. It is the only form in which milk can be kept in a hot climate. Dairying existed around 4,000 BC in the grasslands of the Sahara. Cheese produced in Europe, where climates are cooler than in the Middle East, required less salt for preservation. With less salt and acidity, the cheese became a suitable environment for useful microbes and molds, giving aged cheeses their pronounced and interesting flavors.


title: History of cheese

text: The earliest written evidence of cheese () is the Sumerian cuneiform texts of Third Dynasty of Ur, dated at the early second millennium BC. The earliest cheeses were sour and salty and similar in texture to rustic cottage cheese or present-day feta. In Late Bronze Age Minoan-Mycenaean Crete, Linear B tablets recorded the inventorying of cheese, (Mycenaean Greek in Linear B: , "tu-ro"; later Greek: ) flocks and shepherds.


title: History of cheese

text: An Arab legend attributes the discovery of cheese to an Arab trader who used this method of storing milk. However, cheese was already well known among the Sumerians.


title: History of cheese

text: Archaeological evidence for making cheese in Egypt goes back about 5,000 years. In 2018, archeologists from Cairo University and the University of Catania reported the discovery of the oldest known cheese from Egypt. Discovered in the Saqqara necropolis, it is around 3200 years old. Earlier, remains identified as cheese were found in the funeral meal in an Egyptian tomb dating around 2900 BC. Visual evidence of Egyptian cheesemaking was found in Egyptian tomb murals made in approximately 2000 BC.


title: History of cheese

text: Cheese-making was known in Europe at the earliest level of Hellenic myth. According to Pliny the Elder, cheese became a sophisticated enterprise at the start of the ancient Rome era. During the ancient Rome era, valued foreign cheeses were transported to Rome to satisfy the tastes of the social elite.


title: History of cheese

text: Ancient Greek mythology credited Aristaeus with the discovery of cheese. Homer's "Odyssey" (late 8th century BC) describes the Cyclops producing and storing sheep's and goat's milk and cheese:


title: History of cheese

text: A letter of Epicurus to his patron requests a wheel of hard cheese so that he may make a feast whenever he wishes. Pliny recorded the Roman tradition that Zoroaster had lived on cheese.


title: History of cheese

text: By Roman times, cheese-making was a common practice and food group. Columella's "De Re Rustica" (circa 65 AD) details a cheese-making process involving rennet coagulation, pressing of the curd, salting, and aging. Pliny's "Natural History" (77 AD) devotes two chapters (XI, 96–97) to the diversity of cheeses enjoyed by Romans of the early Empire. He stated that the best cheeses came from "pagi" near Nîmes, and were identifiable as Lozère and Gévaudan and had to be eaten fresh.


title: History of cheese

text: Most cheeses were initially recorded in the late Middle Ages. Cheddar was recorded since the 1100s, Parmesan (Parmigiano Reggiano) was founded in 1597, Gouda in 1697, and Camembert in 1791. Cheeses diversified in Europe with locales developing their own traditions and products when Romanized populations encountered unfamiliar neighbors with their own cheese-making traditions. As long-distance trade collapsed, only travelers encountered unfamiliar cheeses. Charlemagne's first encounter with an edible rind white cheese forms one of the constructed anecdotes of Notker's "Life" "of the Emperor". Cheese-making in manor and monastery intensified local characteristics imparted by local bacterial flora while the identification of monks with cheese is sustained through modern marketing labels. This also led to a diversity of cheese types. Today, Britain has 15 protected cheeses from approximately 40 types listed by the British Cheese Board. The British Cheese Board claims a total number of about 700 different products (including similar cheeses produced by different companies). France has 50 protected cheeses, Italy 52,<ref>


title: Universal Pictures Home Entertainment

text: Universal Pictures Home Entertainment (formerly Universal Studios Home Entertainment, Universal Studios Home Video, MCA/Universal Home Video, MCA Home Video, MCA Videodisc and MCA Videocassette, Inc.) is the home video distribution division of American film studio Universal Pictures, owned by the NBCUniversal Film and Entertainment division of NBCUniversal, which is owned by Comcast.


title: Universal Pictures Home Entertainment

text: The company was founded in 1980 as MCA Videocassette, Inc. with Gene Giaquinto as president of the division and released 24 films on Betamax and VHS in May 1980, including "Jaws", "Animal House" and "The Deer Hunter" as well as classic films such as "Dracula", "Animal Crackers" and "Scarface". "Jaws 2" and "1941" were also released that year. Prior to 1980, Castle Films (known as Universal 8 after 1977) had served as Universal's home film distribution unit. In late 1983, both the Laserdisc sister label MCA Videodisc and the VHS/Beta label MCA Videocassette, Inc. were consolidated into a single entity, MCA Home Video, alternating with the MCA Videocassette, Inc. name until December 1983. In 1990, with the 75th anniversary of Universal Studios, it became MCA/Universal Home Video, alternating with the MCA Home Video name from 1990 until 1997. The company later went by various company names, including Universal Studios Home Video (1997–2005) and Universal Studios Home Entertainment (2005–2016).


title: Universal Pictures Home Entertainment

text: In 1980, they released two '50s 3-D motion pictures, "Creature from the Black Lagoon" and "It Came from Outer Space", in anaglyphic format on Beta and VHS.


title: Universal Pictures Home Entertainment

text: In 1986, MCA Home Video had inked a distribution deal with video distributor Kartes Video Communications to re-release older and classic titles on videocassette, with six titles from the Universal catalog. This was followed by a similar agreement in 1987, when MCA Home Video had inked a distribution deal with GoodTimes Home Video to re-release several MCA catalog titles for a low price.


title: Universal Pictures Home Entertainment

text: In 1986, the company had inked an agreement with Motown Productions, in order to launch a series of four "Motown Video Originals" in an effort to enter the direct-to-video market as "mini-movies" which was budgeted in the mid-six figures, and wanted to be viewed as breakthrough programs by MCA in the anticipated "longform music video" category. Also that year, the company formed a partnership with children's book publisher Price Stern Sloan, who already succeeded with the "Wee Sing" titles, inked a deal with the company to handle videocassette releases of children's programs, like "Mr. Men" and "The World's Worst Jokes", which are the first two projects offered by $100,000, and MCA handled worldwide distribution of PSS projects, with the exceptions of "Mr. Men" and "Wee Sing", which PSS handled worldwide distribution.


title: Universal Pictures Home Entertainment

text: In 1987, MCA Distribution Corp., who normally distributed titles from MCA Home Video and independent home video distributor International Video Entertainment signed an exclusive three-year agreement, that provided that all product produced by IVE, as well as subsidiary label Family Home Entertainment, would be delivered to MCA, which that would only handle distribution for the company, as well as IVE, which would continue to control sales and marketing policies and activities, to be in effect by March 1, and that the IVE subsidiary Creative Video Services would handle a multi-year agreement with the company, which Creative Video Services would supply over 1 million videocassettes that was produced by MCA a year, and initial releases covered by the agreement are a series of titles produced by Carolco Pictures and Scotti Bros. Pictures, and that MCA would offer to distribute new videocassettes from Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Circus. That year, MCA has restructured its MCA Home Entertainment unit, naming business affairs vice president Sondra Berchin to take over the new position as executive president of the MCA Home Entertainment division, and responsible for handling out new titles and responsibilities to Ned Nalle, Louis Feola and Blair Westlake, all of them were previously alumus of various MCA/Universal units, namely Universal Pay Television.


title: Universal Pictures Home Entertainment

text: After the founding of NBC Universal in 2004, Universal started releasing DVDs of shows from the newly established NBC Universal Television Distribution.


title: Universal Pictures Home Entertainment

text: Universal 1440 Entertainment was formed in 2005 as the production arm of Universal Studios Home Entertainment.


title: Universal Pictures Home Entertainment

text: This company was the worldwide video distributor for DreamWorks titles until DreamWorks was sold to Paramount Pictures' parent company, Viacom, in 2006, at which point Paramount took over distribution. After Viacom spun off DreamWorks in 2008, Universal Studios Home Entertainment was planned to resume distributing DreamWorks' movies, but this deal fell through. Until Lionsgate formed their home video division, their releases were distributed by Universal with the exception of "Dogma", which was distributed by Columbia TriStar Home Video. In 2007, it was signed on as home video distributor of releases by Summit Entertainment.


title: Universal Pictures Home Entertainment

text: In addition to DVDs, Universal was a major supporter of the HD DVD format until Toshiba discontinued the format. Since July 22, 2008, UPHE released Blu-rays and it was the last major Hollywood movie studio to do so. The first three Blu-ray releases to come out in the U.S. were "The Mummy", its sequel The Mummy Returns and "The Scorpion King". Since August 9, 2016, UPHE started releasing Ultra HD Blu-rays".


title: Universal Pictures Home Entertainment

text: UPHE is the U.S. home video distributor for all of the Universal Pictures film library, the Focus Features film library, and shows from NBCUniversal Television Distribution (NBC, E!, Syfy, USA Network, Universal Kids, and Oxygen). The division also currently has distribution deals with Bleecker Street, The Film Arcade, Aviron Pictures, STX Entertainment, 101 Studios, Open Road Films, MGM Home Entertainment (select new releases only, most of them are handled by Warner Bros. Home Entertainment, although both companies own Studio Distribution Services, LLC. via a joint venture), Pure Flix Entertainment, Picturehouse, Blumhouse Tilt, DreamWorks Classics (via DreamWorks Animation), Big Idea Entertainment, Neon (until 2021 when distribution shifted to Decal), Entertainment One (in Canada, UK, Australia, Spain, Germany and USA), and Amazon Studios (starting with "Brad's Status"). Distribution is currently handled by Studio Distribution Services, LLC., a joint venture between UPHE and Warner Bros. Home Entertainment.


title: Universal Pictures Home Entertainment

text: In 2015, two years prior to Sony Pictures Television acquiring a 95% stake in Funimation (now known as Crunchyroll, LLC), Funimation formed a multi-year home video distribution deal with UPHE. Sony Pictures Home Entertainment soon took over after the UPHE deal expired.


title: Universal Pictures Home Entertainment

text: Starting on June 5, 2018, Universal re-released all of DreamWorks Animation's film library after their deal with 20th Century Fox ended.


title: Universal Pictures Home Entertainment

text: On January 14, 2020, Universal and Warner Bros. Home Entertainment announced that they would partner on a 10-year multinational joint-venture, merging their physical operations in North America. Universal will distribute Warner Bros.' titles in Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Japan; while Warners will distribute Universal's titles in the U.K., Italy and Benelux. On April 7, 2020, the European Commission approved the merger. The company was later named Studio Distribution Services, LLC. Since June 1, 2021, SDS' logo took the UPHE logo's place on the back covers of the home releases; while there have been several exceptions that had the UPHE logo in place, mainly 4K (including steelbooks) and Blu-ray releases.


title: Universal Pictures Home Entertainment

text: On February 28, 1999, Universal signed a multi-year deal with Columbia TriStar Home Video to allow the latter to distribute Universal DVDs outside North America.


title: Universal Pictures Home Entertainment

text: In the Netherlands, UPHE used to distribute most DVDs of films released theatrically by Independent Films, although this is now limited to catalog releases, as more recent films are now released through Warner Bros. Home Entertainment and later on, Belga Films.


title: Universal Pictures Home Entertainment

text: UPHE also distributed StudioCanal titles on home media in France, most of the Republic Pictures library in the UK and most of the Carolco Pictures library in Australia, Latin America, and several European countries (along with other StudioCanal properties) until StudioCanal's global distribution deal with Universal expired in January 2022. In the 1980s until the late 1990s, they also distributed tapes released by Cineplex Odeon in Canada.


title: Universal Pictures Home Entertainment

text: UPHE previously distributed its films on video internationally through CIC Video (a division of Cinema International Corporation, later United International Pictures) alongside Paramount Pictures. In Japan, releases from both Universal and Paramount appeared on CIC-Victor Video, Ltd. (a joint venture between CIC Video and JVC) for VHS and on Pioneer LDC, Inc. for Laserdisc. Following Universal's acquisition of PolyGram in 1999, PolyGram Video (which had international operations) was dissolved into Universal.


title: Universal Pictures Home Entertainment

text: UPHE's international operations are a joint venture with Sony Pictures Home Entertainment, a carryover from the PolyGram days, but more often than not, both UPHE and SPHE operate a joint venture in Australia, New Zealand and Scandinavia called Universal Sony Pictures Home Entertainment. The venture distributes UPHE and SPHE titles on home media in those countries and also licensed anime series and films from the anime library of NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan, the Japanese division of UPHE's sister company, Universal Pictures International Entertainment, formerly known as Pioneer LDC from 1981 to 2003, Geneon Entertainment from 2003 to 2009 and Geneon Universal Entertainment from 2009 to very late 2013, the year they switched to their current name. The name of the joint venture is Universal Sony Pictures Home Entertainment Australia. Before that, though, NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan had a marketing and distribution division in North America called Geneon USA, which, like UPHE, also distributed home video. At the time, NBCUEJ was known as Geneon Entertainment. Geneon USA shut down in late 2007, and Universal has licensed all of NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan's catalog to other companies rather than directly distributing them themselves. Starting on March 26, 2022, NBCUEJ (through UPHE) distributes licenses anime series and films from the anime library.


title: Universal Pictures Home Entertainment

text: From 2017 to 2018, Funimation began directly distributing a select number of its titles in Australia and New Zealand through Universal Sony Pictures Home Entertainment Australia. In September 2018, Funimation transferred distribution to Madman Entertainment, with Madman handling distribution and classification within the region.


title: Universal Pictures Home Entertainment

text: On October 3, 2014, Universal established global headquarters for its home video division in Los Angeles.


title: Universal Pictures Home Entertainment

text: At the start of 2015, Paramount Home Media Distribution signed a distribution agreement with Universal, whereby the latter will distribute the former's titles overseas, particularly the territories where Paramount holds an office. The deal began on July 1, 2015, in the United Kingdom. Universal will continue distributing Paramount's DVDs and Blu-rays out of the United States and Canada. With the distributor change for Universal's titles in the UK, Paramount Home Entertainment signed a new UK home entertainment distribution deal with StudioCanal and Lionsgate UK's Elevation Sales on July 14, 2020 that began in January 2021.


title: Universal Pictures Home Entertainment

text: Along with the announcement of the Universal/Warner Bros. NA physical home media joint-venture, Universal announced that they would begin handling home video distribution of Warner Bros. titles in Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Japan in the third quarter of 2020, while Warner Bros. announced that they would begin handling home video distribution of Universal titles in the United Kingdom, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg in the first quarter of 2021. In 2020, SF Studios had inked a distribution deal with Universal to handle titles across the Nordic and Baltic regions.


title: Universal Pictures Home Entertainment

text: Universal 1440 Entertainment is the direct-to-video entertainment label of Universal Pictures Home Entertainment created in 2005.


title: Fire Emblem Echoes: Shadows of Valentia

text: Fire Emblem Echoes: Shadows of Valentia is a tactical role-playing video game developed by Intelligent Systems and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo 3DS in 2017. It is the fifteenth installment in the "Fire Emblem" series and a remake of the 1992 Famicom game "Fire Emblem Gaiden", the second entry in the series. It follows dual protagonists Alm and Celica as they aim to bring an end to the war through opposite methods, with Alm fighting to resolve the war through battle, while Celica attempts to find a peaceful end through guidance from the Goddess Mila. "Fire Emblem Echoes" carries over the core gameplay mechanics of the "Fire Emblem" series while incorporating mechanics from "Gaiden" like dungeon crawling.


title: Fire Emblem Echoes: Shadows of Valentia

text: Development of "Fire Emblem Echoes" began in 2015 following the completion of "Fire Emblem Fates". Intended as the culmination of the "Fire Emblem" series on the 3DS platform, several staff members from both "Fates" and "Fire Emblem Awakening" were involved. The game carried over the unconventional mechanics of "Gaiden" while expanding and rebuilding the story and gameplay based on recent "Fire Emblem" games and the team's wishes for added role-playing elements. While "Gaiden" remains exclusive to Japan, "Fire Emblem Echoes" was localized by 8-4. The game released to strong sales worldwide and receiving generally positive reviews from critics.


title: Fire Emblem Echoes: Shadows of Valentia

text: "Fire Emblem Echoes: Shadows of Valentia" is a tactical role-playing game in which players command two armies on opposite sides of a war on the continent of Valentia. There are two difficulty settings (Normal and Hard) and two modes that dictate the fate of characters that fall in battle. In Classic Mode, a fallen unit is subject to permanent death, a recurring mode in the "Fire Emblem" series that removes fallen characters from the rest of the game (though it is possible in "Echoes" to revive fallen units a limited number of times). Casual Mode enables units to be revived at the end of a battle. The player navigates Valentia using a world map, going to different story-based and optional locations. Environments are split between battle maps similar to earlier "Fire Emblem" games, towns which can be explored to find friendly non-playable characters (NPCs) which run shops, and dungeons the player can explore. Encountering enemies on the world map or in dungeons will trigger a battle.


title: Fire Emblem Echoes: Shadows of Valentia

text: As with other "Fire Emblem" games, "Fire Emblem Echoes" uses a turn-based system where each unit on both sides is given their chance to move and act. Battles take place on a grid-based battlefield, with turns being given for players and enemies. During an attack, the view transitions from a top-down perspective to a third-person view. Unlike many other "Fire Emblem" games, the Weapon Triangle (a rock–paper–scissors system where certain weapons have advantages over others) and limited weapon durability are removed. Units instead have standard weapons that last the whole campaign, and they can be given special weapons which replace their standard weapon and grant passive advantages. Each unit can only carry one weapon, which can unlock special Combat Arts as its wielder gains experience points and levels up through battle. Combat Arts are weapon-specific special moves that can range from higher-damaging attacks to supportive abilities like swapping places with another unit. Each unit is assigned a unique character class, with the class dictating their weapon and consequently their actions; archers can attack at a distance, melee fighters are limited to close-range attacks, while mages must sacrifice a portion of their health to perform an action. Once a unit has reached a certain level, their class can be evolved into more powerful versions. Villager NPCs can also be recruited in towns; while initially weak, they can be strengthened and assigned any available character class.


title: Fire Emblem Echoes: Shadows of Valentia

text: Each time a unit is used in a battle in dungeons, their Fatigue meter is filled and their maximum health is decreased. The meter is depleted by either giving that unit gifts or purifying them at special statues found at the end of the dungeon. During battles, adjacent allied units can engage in support conversations, dialogue exchanges which impact their relationship and gameplay performance. In dungeons, players can roam freely through a 3D environment with a party of ten, are able to avoid encounters if they wish, and can smash objects or open crates to obtain money and items. Upon engaging an enemy, the perspective switches to the standard top-down battle screen. A brand new feature introduced to the series is Mila's Turnwheel, a mechanic whereby players can rewind turns with limited uses to redo moves if they so choose, from as little as one character's movement to as far back as the beginning of the battle. In addition, "Fire Emblem Echoes" features Amiibo support, with two of the compatible figurines being main protagonists Alm and Celica, in addition to characters from earlier "Fire Emblem" games: using an Amiibo summons a phantom unit for a single turn at the cost of a character's health. Amiibo not related to the "Fire Emblem" series summon allied monsters, and the Alm and Celica Amiibo can be used outside of battle to unlock special exclusive dungeons.


title: Fire Emblem Echoes: Shadows of Valentia

text: The main storyline remains the same as in "Fire Emblem Gaiden". Long ago, the sibling gods Mila and Duma fought for control over the continent of Valentia. Eventually, they called a ceasefire and each took half of the continent. In the south, Mila's worshippers would form the Kingdom of Zofia, a land of plentiful bounty. Over time, however, it spoiled and corrupted its people through complacency. In the north, Duma's worshippers created the Empire of Rigel, a desolate land whose people grew in strength but also became numb to emotion. The game follows Alm and Celica, childhood friends who set off on their own journeys across Valentia in order to restore peace.


title: Fire Emblem Echoes: Shadows of Valentia

text: After the completion of the game, a new post-game chapter can be started which allows Alm, Celica, and their allies to journey across the sea to Archanea, the setting of . While there, a large labyrinth buried in the nearby desert can be discovered. Exploring its depths, various stone tables speak of an alchemist named Forneus who attempted to create the perfect life-form with divine dragon blood as well as reanimating the dead to be subservient, but was sealed within the labyrinth as punishment for his inhumane experiments. At the deepest level, Forneus' "perfect life-form" is encountered: a monstrous being dubbed "The Creation" which serves as the final boss of the labyrinth and is heavily implied to be Grima, the main antagonist of "Fire Emblem Awakening".


title: Fire Emblem Echoes: Shadows of Valentia

text: "Shadows of Valentia" is a complete remake of "Fire Emblem Gaiden". The second entry in the "Fire Emblem" series, "Gaiden" was released in 1992 for the Famicom. The game was notable for breaking away from the gameplay precedents set in its predecessor, ""; while it retained that game's tactical turn-based battle system, it included new features, such as navigable towns and overworld akin to a traditional RPG, and simplified mechanics. Due to these changes, "Gaiden" came to be considered the "black sheep" of the series, with many of its new elements being dropped for subsequent entries. Like its predecessor, "Gaiden" did not receive a Western release. Development for "Echoes" began following the completion of "Fire Emblem Fates" for the Nintendo 3DS in 2015. Nintendo series producer Hitoshi Yamagami thought about developing a "Fire Emblem" game for the Nintendo Switch home console, but considered it was too early as the console's specifications were still being decided upon. Several Intelligent Systems staff said they wanted to implement features that had to be cut from "Fates" in a remake of "Gaiden". As "Gaiden" has received little attention up to this point, Yamagami thought they could quickly develop a remake and release it before the Switch's release. An alternative plan was creating an all-new game, but early planning was already in place for the , so it was considered too late to begin a third original 3DS game. It was initially scheduled for release in September 2016, but they could not reach this deadline without compromising the game's quality, so the release was revised into 2017.


title: Fire Emblem Echoes: Shadows of Valentia

text: Nintendo staff member Kenta Nakanishi — who was a lifelong fan of "Fire Emblem" and particularly "Gaiden" — came on board as a sub-director of "Fates", Genki Yokota, was busy with another project. The director for Intelligent Systems was Toshiyuki Kusakihara, who had acted as art director for "Fates" and its predecessor "Fire Emblem Awakening"—he took up the role due to his sympathetic understanding "Gaiden"s unconventional gameplay. Rather than calling it ""New Gaiden"", the team chose the English word ""Echoes"" to give it worldwide appeal, enable its differentiation from the other side story projects within the "Fire Emblem" series, and as the potential branding for a new series of remakes. "Echoes" was intended to be the culmination of the "Fire Emblem" series on the 3DS. The characters were redesigned by Hidari, who was chosen due to Kusakihara's frequent praising for his work. Kusakihara had tried to hire Hidari to work on both "Awakening" and the "Fire Emblem" trading card game, though he was too busy with other projects. For "Echoes", however, a meeting was set up well in advance and Hidari was able to accept. Hidari's first character design was Alm; he underwent four redesigns, which enabled Hidari to get a handle on the game's artstyle and design the rest of the cast on his own. The game features animated cutscenes by Studio Khara.


title: Fire Emblem Echoes: Shadows of Valentia

text: According to Nakanishi and Kusakihara, the original story had been underdeveloped compared to later "Fire Emblem" games; the remake enabled them to redesign the narrative to suit the tastes of modern "Fire Emblem" players. The story of "Gaiden" was expanded significantly with the inclusion of the core conflict between the two nations that was previously confined to the original version's manual, and cast the character Saber in the role of narrator so as not to limit the scope of the story. Another issue they wanted to address was the original game's poor character writing. The theme of royalty and its impact on the characters was one of the story's new elements. To further emphasize the theme, the characters Berkut and Rinea were introduced, who expanded upon the original themes of duality by acting as opposites to Alm and Celica. Berkut was designed as a foil for Alm, with the latter's common roots contrasting with Berkut's royal lineage. Additionally, the new character Faye was added to Alm's army to add another female character and to add unpredictability for new and returning players. The characters also underwent both subtle and grand alterations, such as Celica being made of royal blood. The team decided to focus on original protagonists Alm and Celica rather than incorporating an avatar as had been done for "Awakening" and "Fates". The sibling relationship and their positions in separate rebellious factions was what had originally drawn Nakanishi back towards the game.


title: Fire Emblem Echoes: Shadows of Valentia

text: The gameplay was rebuilt from the ground up based on the technology developed for "Awakening" and "Fates", with its redesign being seen as a necessity with remaking the story due to the original version's "obtuse" mechanics. Rather than bring the game more in line with the rest of the "Fire Emblem" series, they preserved the role-playing elements and combined them with more recent "Fire Emblem" mechanics. The free roaming ability had been developed for "Fates", but quality concerns led it to being cut. As "Gaiden" had this feature originally, free roaming was considered by the staff of "Echoes" to be a "perfect" match. It was also decided to lower the difficulty when compared to the original, allowing both series veterans and newcomers to enjoy the game. While the team considered adding the Weapon Triangle, it would have required adding more characters or altering the original cast, going against the team's intentions. The Marriage system—a mechanic from "Awakening" and "Fates" that allowed for the creation of child characters with new storylines and inherited statistics—was similarly not included as it would have disrupted established character relations too much. Despite this, the series' established Support system was added to properly flesh out characters.


title: Fire Emblem Echoes: Shadows of Valentia

text: The game's music was composed and arranged primarily by Takeru Kanazaki, who had co-composed the music for "Fates". Kanazaki had assistance from Intelligent Systems composers Yasuhisa Baba and Shoh Murakami; and anime composer Takafumi Wada of Dimension Cruise, who also handled mixing and editing. The composer for the past few entries, Hiroki Morishita, was not involved with the project due to his commitment to scoring "Fire Emblem Heroes". The official soundtrack was released by Japanese music label Symphony No. 5 on October 25, 2017. It covered five discs of music, with the fifth being a data disc. The team used the original game's music, composed by Yuka Tsujiyoko, as a starting point for their work. The team attempted to incorporate as many live instruments as possible into the soundtrack. The lyrics for all songs were written by Kusakihara. The vocal ending theme was "The Heritors of Arcadia". With lyrics written by Kusakihara, the song was performed by Japanese singer Janis Crunch. The song was written from the dragon Mila's point of view, describing the passing on of responsibilities to humanity. The English version was performed by Bonnie Gordon, who also voiced the character Silque. She became the singer purely by chance, and was worried by the number of high notes in the song due to her low singing voice.


title: Fire Emblem Echoes: Shadows of Valentia

text: The game was first announced in January 2017 during a Nintendo Direct broadcast dedicated to the "Fire Emblem" series. In Japan, multiple versions of the game were released; in addition to the standard release, there was also a limited edition with a special soundtrack, and a "Valentia Complete" edition featuring the contents of the limited edition with added items, including an artbook. The game was released in Japan on April 20, 2017; in North America and Europe on May 19; and in Australasia on May 20. Amiibo figures of the game's protagonists Alm and Celica were released alongside the game. The game features full voice acting—a first for the "Fire Emblem" series—for all but minor characters, but the English release does not include dual audio unlike "Awakening". The game's localization was handled by 8-4, who previously worked on "Awakening" and the 2008 Nintendo DS installment "".


title: Fire Emblem Echoes: Shadows of Valentia

text: Post-release, five downloadable content (DLC) packs were released over the following two months alongside smaller free DLC, with a Season Pass giving access to all five packs at a reduced price. The DLC packs were split between new dungeons and maps with exclusive character classes, a prologue to the main narrative, and a collaborative character pack with the trading card game "Fire Emblem Cipher".


title: Fire Emblem Echoes: Shadows of Valentia

text: The game received “generally favorable reviews” from review aggregator website Metacritic, having a score of 81/100. Japanese gaming journal "Famitsu" praised the voice acting and more action-oriented story scenes, saying it made the story more entertaining and dramatic. Chris Carter, writing for "Destructoid", enjoyed the grand scope and grounded nature of the narrative despite a weaker cast than previous "Fire Emblem" games. Ray Carsillo of "Electronic Gaming Monthly" called the narrative "your typical "Fire Emblem" tale of kings, queens, dragons, and magic", while "Game Informer"s Javy Gwaltney said that the narrative and its leads Alm and Celica were the main reason he continued playing the game. Griffin Vacheron of "Game Revolution" praised the story's emulation of popular visual novel games such as "Danganronpa" and enjoyed both the writing and localization. "GameSpot"s Heidi Kemps praised the balance between dialogue and combat when portraying the characters, and Chris Schilling of "GamesRadar" enjoyed the narrative and singled out Celica's storyline as the better part of the game. Meghan Sullivan of "IGN", while noting the game's very familiar premise, said that the overall story "makes for a good soap opera". "Nintendo Life"s Morgan Sleeper enjoyed the simplified storyline after the complex structure of "Fates", while Daan Koopman of "Nintendo World Report" admired its scope and the dynamic between the two protagonists' contrasting views on the war.


title: Fire Emblem Echoes: Shadows of Valentia

text: "Famitsu" positively noted the general presentation and its impact on the experience, while Carsillo praised the full-motion cutscenes and character portraits. Gwaltney enjoyed cutscenes and battle animations while finding character models "a bit fuzzy". Vacheron lauded the quality of cutscenes and its visual style, while he positively compared to visual novels. Schilling found the subdued color palette and felt that the graphics were created with a lower budget than earlier games, while Sullivan cited the cutscenes as being "well-made". Sleeper praised the graphical variety and the opportunities to see environmental details, and Koopman felt that its visuals were the game's greatest improvement over earlier 3DS games. The voice acting also received general praise for its quality and scope, with the exception of Carter who found it uneven.


title: Fire Emblem Echoes: Shadows of Valentia

text: "Famitsu" praised the gameplay for both introducing new elements and updating the mechanics of "Gaiden", saying it helped elevate the game above its previous black sheep status. Carter enjoyed the gameplay flow despite finding some of the mechanics underdeveloped. while Carsillo enjoyed combat but noted a lack of variation in victory conditions. Gwaltney mentioned several points where the difficulty became unfair and compromised the more enjoyable elements of battles, and Vacheron found the older mechanics had been successfully retooled to feel satisfying to use. Kemps enjoyed the gameplay and new additions such as Mila's Turnwheel despite the requirement for grinding to progress past difficult battles, and Schilling praised the gameplay refinements while pointing out its weak map design. Sullivan adjusted to the old-fashioned mechanics and found them enjoyable after the initial shock, praising their implementation but noting several unfair difficulty spikes. Sleeper praised much of the map design and enjoyed how the additional systems expanded the game's combat and tactical options. Koopman positively noted the various key parts of the gameplay elements, calling the combat and exploration segments one of the reasons the game stood out in the "Fire Emblem" series as a whole. The new dungeon crawling segments were generally praised by critics, although Vacheron found them lacking in substance. The omission of the series's recurring Weapon Triangle mechanic also raised comments, with several noting that players would take time to get used to it after experiencing the likes of "Awakening".


title: Fire Emblem Echoes: Shadows of Valentia

text: During its first week on sale in Japan, "Fire Emblem Echoes" sold 135,195 units, topping gaming charts and selling through 80% of its initial shipment. Not even a full week into its release, "Fire Emblem Echoes" became number one on Japan's sale charts. Beating out its 2nd place competitor by 83,526 more copies sold. Upon its debut in the United Kingdom, the game was fifth in the all-format gaming charts. In Australia and New Zealand, the game was second in the all platform gaming charts, and topped 3DS charts. In North America, "Shadows of Valentia" reached seventh place in the all-format gaming charts. According to the NPD Group, the release of "Shadows of Valentia" prompted a rise in portable console sales. In their quarterly financial report, Nintendo stated that "Fire Emblem Echoes" had been a popular game during the period.


title: Fire Emblem Echoes: Shadows of Valentia

text: The game was nominated for "Best 3DS Game" in IGN's Best of 2017 Awards. It was also nominated for "Handheld Game of the Year" at the 21st Annual D.I.C.E. Awards, and for "Original Dramatic Score, Franchise" at the 17th Annual National Academy of Video Game Trade Reviewers Awards.


title: Fire Emblem Echoes: Shadows of Valentia

text: Several characters from "Echoes" were added as playable units in the mobile game "Fire Emblem Heroes" in early 2017 to commemorate the game's initial launch. Celica was also added as a playable character in the hack and slash spinoff "Fire Emblem Warriors". Four music tracks taken directly from "Echoes" are featured in the 2018 crossover fighting game "Super Smash Bros. Ultimate", along with collectable Spirit artwork of Alm, Celica, and the three Pegasus Sisters: Palla, Catria, and Est. Two gameplay mechanics first introduced in "Echoes", being Combat Arts and the ability to rewind time in the middle of battles, went on to be incorporated in the next mainline installment, "" for the Nintendo Switch. Additionally, the Alm and Celica Amiibo figures can be scanned into "Three Houses" to unlock music tracks for use in optional battles.


title: Chester F.C.

text: Chester Football Club is an association football club based in Chester. They are currently members of and play at the Deva Stadium.


title: Chester F.C.

text: The club was founded in 2010 following the liquidation of Chester City. In its inaugural season it competed in Division One North of the Northern Premier League, following a successful appeal to the Football Association against its initial placement in the North West Counties League. After winning this division, it then won the Northern League Premier Division in 2011–12 and the Conference North in 2012–13. Chester returned to the National League North following relegation in 2017–18.


title: Chester F.C.

text: The original Chester FC was founded in 1885 and joined the Football League before the 1931–32 season. They changed their name to Chester City in 1983. They were members of the Football League, predominantly in its fourth tier but occasionally in its third tier, until 2000 when the club was relegated to the Football Conference. They returned to the Football League after winning the Conference title in 2004. Following relegation back to the Conference in 2009, the club hit financial difficulties. These financial difficulties led to the season starting with a 25-point deduction, following the Inland Revenue overturning a proposed CVA. Chester City were eventually wound up on 10 March 2010.


title: Chester F.C.

text: City Fans United (CFU) had been formed in October 2009, following growing disquiet among fans with the running of Chester City, who at that point were already in deep financial trouble. Only a month after the official formation of CFU, fans staged an on-pitch protest about Chester City's ownership, leading to the abandonment of the game against Eastbourne Borough at a point when Chester were leading 3–2. Following a vote of its membership, CFU in January 2010 called for a boycott of Chester City, after the dismissal of the then manager Jim Harvey, which led to CFU expressing its "disappointment, shock, and anger" at the decision. The group then began preparations in February 2010 to form a phoenix club for the following season just weeks before Chester City FC was wound up.


title: Chester F.C.

text: Following the official winding up of Chester City in March 2010, a ballot was held to choose the name for the new club. Over 1,000 people participated in the ballot and 70% voted for the name Chester FC, which had been the old club's name for its first 98 years. The club received the support of Cheshire West and Chester Council, which granted the lease of the Deva Stadium (subsequently renamed the Exacta Stadium as part of a sponsorship arrangement), Chester City's former ground, to Chester FC in May 2010.


title: Chester F.C.

text: Chester FC started competing in the 2010–11 season. The FA initially recommended that they should be placed in the North West Counties Football League Premier Division, a decision that the club appealed against. On 18 June 2010, the FA made a statement saying that Chester would instead be placed a step higher and would play in the Northern Premier League Division One North, the 8th tier of the English football league system.


title: Chester F.C.

text: The club was formally relaunched on 20 May 2010, when Neil Young and Gary Jones were announced as the first manager and assistant of the club. A pre-season friendly played at Colwyn Bay on 10 July 2010 was the first fixture for the new club, the match resulting in a 2–1 victory for Colwyn Bay. The team's first home friendly was played against Aberystwyth Town, which the Blues won 3–0. The club's first league match was on 24 August 2010, away at Warrington Town. Rob Hopley scored the first ever goal for the club in the 6th minute, but the game ended in a 1–1 draw. Chester played their first home game against Trafford and won 6–0, Michael Wilde scoring a hat-trick. In September, Chester lost their first game after a 2–1 home defeat to Chorley. Chester went top of their division for the first time following a 2–1 win at Cammell Laird in October, before equalling their record win when they beat Ossett Albion 6–0 in January 2011, and recording their ninth consecutive away win at Trafford in the same month. Chester were ineligible to compete in either the FA Trophy and FA Cup during their inaugural season due to FA rules requiring a minimum of one season of prior football before playing in the Trophy, and two years before playing in the Cup. After their win at promotion rivals Skelmersdale in March, the Blues went 12 points clear at the top of the league, but a number of draws and defeats led to this margin being cut to just a single point by 16 April. Second-placed Skelmersdale then dropped points, to leave Chester three points clear with one remaining game, and a goal difference eight ahead of their chasing rivals. In a wild finale to the season, Chester were promoted by only a single point of goal difference, as the Blues went down to a shock 2–1 defeat at Garforth Town, while Skelmersdale thrashed Ossett Albion 7–2, with two goals from Ossett striker Danny Toronczak the difference between promotion and the playoffs for Chester.


title: Chester F.C.

text: Following Chester's promotion to the NPL Premier Division, form was initially variable, with two losses in their first six league fixtures. However, form, particularly defensively, improved greatly, with no goals conceded in September, and the 1–0 win against Chasetown was their seventh successive clean sheet in the league. This run ended after a 1–1 draw away at Buxton in the next match, but only after they established a new Chester City/Chester FC record of 781 minutes without conceding across eight games in all competitions. Chester's form was strong through November and December, with a run of five consecutive victories, resulting in Chester going top of the table after the 1–0 win against Ashton United, a position the club held at the end of the year, finishing 2011 with a stormy 1–1 draw at second placed Northwich Victoria, a game that saw three dismissals. They were not to be caught again in the league during the season. During the calendar year 2011, Chester were unbeaten in home league fixtures. Chester's last loss of the season came in their 2–1 home defeat to Hednesford on 21 January. After that point, the team went on a 16-match unbeaten run, including a period of eight consecutive victories encompassing the entirety of March. On 9 April 2012, Chester gained their second successive promotion, after a late goal from Matty McGinn in the game against second-placed Northwich gave the club a 1–1 draw and the point they needed to see off the challenge with three games remaining. The game was watched by a crowd of 5,009, which was not only a record for the reformed club, but also the highest gate ever recorded in the seventh tier of English football. At the conclusion of the season, Chester finished with 100 points, 17 clear of second-placed Northwich, having scored 102 goals along the way, and conceded only 29. In the 2011–12 FA Trophy, Chester went on an extended run, winning through three qualifying rounds to reach the first round proper, where they recorded a 5–1 away victory against North Ferriby United. They bowed out of the competition in the second round in an away tie against Conference Premier side Ebbsfleet United, losing 3–2. As this was only the club's second season, they remained ineligible for the FA Cup.


title: Chester F.C.

text: Chester began the 2012–13 season as second favourites with bookmakers for the Conference North title. Their start to the season justified those predictions, as they won their first seven matches, a club record for Chester FC and also surpassing Chester City's best start to the season. Included in that run were victories over pre-season favourites F.C. Halifax Town and a 4–0 drubbing of previously unbeaten Guiseley. Despite this, the club only sat in second place in the division, as Brackley Town also won each of their first seven games. The run came to an end with a 3–2 defeat at Boston United in Chester's eighth match. After two more victories, against Stalybridge Celtic and Bishop's Stortford, Chester went to the top of the table for the first time due to a 1–1 draw with Bradford Park Avenue. Following this draw, Chester then went on a run of twelve consecutive league victories, including a 3–2 win at Brackley. This run came to an end with a goalless draw, again against Bradford PA on 5 January, which was also the first league match of the season in which Chester failed to score. Chester were promoted to the Conference Premier following their 1–0 win at home to Boston United. In the FA Cup, Chester FC's first ever match was a 1–1 draw away at Gainsborough Trinity in the second qualifying round. Chester won the replay at the Exacta Stadium 2–1 with goals from Dominic Collins and Levi Mackin. Chester's third qualifying round tie, at home to FC Halifax Town, was marred by crowd trouble, and finished in a 1–1 draw. Chester exited the FA Cup following a 3–1 win by Halifax at The Shay in the replay. The FA Trophy proved less successful for Chester than in the previous season, as the Blues failed to win a single match, exiting in a replay at Worksop Town. On 6 April 2013, Chester were confirmed as champions of the Conference North, beating Boston United 1–0 at the Exacta through a Lewis Turner header, winning a third successive title, and in doing so, becoming the first club in English football history to achieve three successive promotions. Three promotions in their first three years means that Chester will play their next season's football in the Conference Premier, the level from which their predecessors Chester City were expelled in 2010. Chester set several league records for the Conference North in this prolific season: most wins (34), fewest defeats (3), most points (107), most goals scored (103), best goal difference (+71) and also the longest unbeaten streak (30 games).


title: Chester F.C.

text: As expected, for the 2013–14 season, Chester remained as a semi-professional club, despite the presence of a number of full-time clubs in the Conference Premier. Before the season, bookmakers had high expectations for the Blues, with bookmakers making them eighth favourites for the Conference title.<ref name="Bookies list Chester FC at 16/1 for the title"></ref> However, the season started with the Blues in terrible form, with five consecutive defeats. Their losing run ended with a 2–0 away win against arch rivals Wrexham. This was the first Cross-border derby match since Chester had reformed. However, by the end of December Chester were still in the relegation zone with only four wins. On 8 January manager Neil Young left Chester by mutual consent after three and a half seasons. On 18 January 2014, Steve Burr was appointed as Young's replacement. Chester finished the season in 21st place and were relegated on goal difference. However, they were reprieved on 10 June after Hereford United, the team who finished above Chester in 20th place, were expelled from the Conference Premier due to financial irregularities.


title: Chester F.C.

text: Chester remained in the Conference Premier for the 2014–15 season, after being allowed to stay in the league due to the expulsion of Hereford United. Chester started the season by recording only one win in the month of August and were also beaten 5–0 on the opening day of the season against Barnet. Chester gradually started to pick their form up over a 4-month period and at the turn of the year Chester had a 4–0 win over Lincoln City. At this point, Chester were hovering around the Play Off positions. Chester's form dipped slightly throughout February, March and the start of April, leading to them slipping down the table away from the play-off places. Some of these defeats featured heavy defeats at the hands of Bristol Rovers and Forest Green in early April. However, they ended the season on a high by winning their final 3 games. Chester, in the final game of the season, came back from losing 3–1, to beat Nuneaton Town 5–3. Chester ended the season in 12th place with 63 points.


title: Chester F.C.

text: Chester played in the National league (originally named Conference Premier) for the duration of their 2015–16 season, where they picked up 8 wins and 6 draws from their first 23 matches to position themselves at 14th for the first half of the season. However, a dip in form saw Chester pick up 11 losses in their remaining fixtures. Three wins in the final three games of the season however saw Chester finish in 17th in the Conference Premier with 54 points. At the end of the season, manager Steve Burr stepped down as manager, and was replaced by Marcus Bignot.


title: Chester F.C.

text: Chester's form declined even more in the 2016–17 season where their 14-10-22 record saw them sit at 19th at the end of the season with 52 points; just 4 above the relegation zone.


title: Chester F.C.

text: Chester's fortune in the National league finally turned sour in the 2017–18 season. In January, Chester were on the brink of being dissolved, as they revealed that they needed to raise £50,000 in the short term in order to stay afloat. Chester FC fans raised over £100,000 via a number of fundraising activities including an all-stars game supported by Michael Owen and Ian Rush which ensured that the club would survive. However, following a 2–0 defeat to Tranmere Rovers, Chester were relegated from the National league. Ultimately, Chester finished the season with an 8-13-25 record. Their 23rd-place finish with 37 points lead them to be demoted to the National League North. At the end of the 2017–18 season, manager Marcus Bignot left the club by mutual consent.


title: Chester F.C.

text: Bignot was replaced by joint managers Anthony Johnson and Bernard Morley. Chester also gained Swansway Group as a new sponsor in the 2017–18 season, which resulted in their stadium gaining the nickname, the Swansway Chester Stadium (commonly known as the Deva Stadium). Chester had a promising start to their 2018–19 season in the National League North, as they gained 7 wins from their first 15 matches. In the same period of time though, Chester suffered one of their heaviest defeats in decades; losing 8–1 to Blyth Spartans. Overall, Chester achieved a solid 16-14-12 record, which elevated them to 9th on the table with 62 points. In fact, Chester were just 3 points off a playoff promotion spot. In the FA Cup, Chester were defeated 4–3 in the third qualifying round by ninth tier Dunston UTS.


title: Chester F.C.

text: In the following season, Chester finished in 6th place after a decision to end the season in March due to the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The season was finished on a points per game basis, however, Chester lost out by 3–2 in the play-offs to Altrincham. In January 2021, the National League North season was declared null and void with Chester in 3rd place after 17 matches.


title: Chester F.C.

text: Steve Watson was appointed manager on 23 December 2021. In his first game he recorded 3–1 victory away to Telford United on Boxing Day. He left the club my mutual consent at the end of the season.


title: Chester F.C.

text: The crest was designed by Martin Huxley, a Chester-based graphic artist and Chester F.C. fan, who described the symbols in the crest thus: "The Wolf dates back to when William the Conqueror's nephew, Hugh d'Avranches was appointed the Earl of Chester. He had the nickname 'Lupus', the Latin translation for 'wolf'. The crown refers to Chester being a royalist City. Badge variations make it unclear whether the leaves are laurel, a recognised symbol of victory, or oak, a significant (and common) tree in Chester. Oak has long been used in the Cheshire Regiment's logo, reference to saving King George II's life beneath an oak tree at the Battle of Dettingen in 1743."


title: Chester F.C.

text: Chester play in blue and white top with black shorts and blue socks, similar to their predecessors Chester City. For their first two seasons their shirts were made by sportswear company Joma; from the 2012–13 season the kit was made by Puma until a new three year kit deal with Kappa was made in 2019, while since reformation the club's kit has been sponsored by MBNA. The Blues' away shirt colour has changed on an bi-annual basis, having been purple in their first season, yellow in 2011–12 and green in 2012–13. The new home kit was chosen by the fans and the away kit was designed by a Junior Blue via a competition.


title: Chester F.C.

text: Chester F.C. play at the Deva Stadium, the home of their predecessor. It has a capacity of 6,500 with 4,170 seated. The stadium was leased to the club by Cheshire West and Chester Council.


title: Chester F.C.

text: The highest home league attendance at the Deva Stadium was in April 2012 against Northwich Victoria, with a crowd of 5,009.


title: Chester F.C.

text: The stadium is located in the Sealand Road Industrial Estate and straddles the England-Wales border. The pitch and all of the stands are in Flintshire, Wales, though the stadium car park, main entrance, and some of the offices are in England. In January 2022, the club was threatened with legal action by North Wales Police and Flintshire County Council for failing to apply the COVID-19 regulations applying in Wales and allowing crowds to attend matches at the ground. On 8 January 2022, the Welsh Government stated that, as the stadium was in Wales it was subject to Wales' COVID restrictions, and Andy Morris, the club chairman, said that the location of the ground "had become a very real problem".


title: Chester F.C.

text: The club's predominant rival is Wrexham, as the two clubs are 12 miles apart from each other. In league competitions, the two clubs have met each other 86 times (10 following the liquidation of Chester City). Chester also inherited several rivalries from its predecessor including: Macclesfield Town, Tranmere Rovers, Crewe Alexandra and Shrewsbury Town. During Chester's early years, they formed rivalries with local clubs such as: Vauxhall Motors, Witton Albion, Warrington Town, Nantwich Town, and Northwich Victoria. On Chester's way back to the National League, they also formed smaller rivalries with Chorley and Southport.


title: Chester F.C.

text: The following table shows players who have received an international cap while playing for the club (including substitutions) arranged alphabetically by nation in descending order:


title: Chester F.C.

text: The following table shows players who have made 50 league appearances or more for the club (including substitutions) and players who have scored 25 league goals or more for the club (including penalties) in descending order:


title: Mario Williams

text: Mario Jerrel Williams (born January 31, 1985) is a former American football defensive end. He played college football for North Carolina State University, and was selected first overall by the Houston Texans in the 2006 NFL Draft. A four-time Pro Bowl selection, he has also played for the Buffalo Bills and Miami Dolphins.


title: Mario Williams

text: Williams attended Richlands High School in Richlands, North Carolina, where he was a two-sport star in football and track. He recorded 87 tackles, 13 sacks, 22 tackles for loss, five forced fumbles, two fumble recoveries, and five blocked kicks as a senior. Also played running back as a senior because of injuries at that position, rushing for 590 yards and three touchdowns on 58 carries. As a junior, he recorded over 100 tackles. He was selected to the 2002 North Carolina Shrine Bowl team where he notched four sacks. He was an Associated Press (AP) All-State selection in 2002. He was just one of three North Carolina High School players to be named to FoxSN's 2002 Countdown to Signing Day All-South team. His high school number (82) was retired. Williams also competed in track & field, and was a state qualifier in the shot put (top-throw of 52-5 or 16.05m).


title: Mario Williams

text: He was ranked No. 8 in SuperPrep's Elite 50 overall. He was considered the fifth-best defensive end in the country by BorderWars.com, while Rivals100.com ranked him ninth.


title: Mario Williams

text: Williams attended North Carolina State University, where he played for the NC State Wolfpack football team from 2003 to 2005. In only three seasons on the team he set the school’s all-time sack record, a record which stood until 2017 when it was broken by Bradley Chubb, a player in his fourth season with the team.


title: Mario Williams

text: Despite draft analysts predicting that the Houston Texans would pick Reggie Bush with the first overall pick in the 2006 NFL draft, they instead selected Williams and signed him to a six-year, $54 million contract.


title: Mario Williams

text: On October 1, 2006, Williams recorded his first sack and a half against Miami Dolphins' quarterback Daunte Culpepper in the Texans' first win of the season (score 17-15). Three weeks later, Williams sacked Jacksonville Jaguars quarterback Byron Leftwich and recovered a fumble in the Texans' 27-7 upset. In the 2006 season, Williams started all 16 games with 47 tackles, 4.5 sacks, and 1 forced fumble.


title: Mario Williams

text: Early in the 2007 season, Williams played well, with an outstanding performance in the first game. Williams made five tackles, two sacks, and returned a fumble by Kansas City Chiefs fullback Kris Wilson for a touchdown. He had particularly big games against the Denver Broncos and Tennessee Titans, sacking quarterback Jay Cutler 3.5 times and quarterback Vince Young 2.5 times in one game each. His first sack of 2007 was of Peyton Manning. Before the game, Indianapolis Colts coach Tony Dungy compared Williams to Colts Pro Bowl defensive end Dwight Freeney. Williams finished the 2007 season by starting all 16 games with 59 total tackles and 14 sacks.


title: Mario Williams

text: The 2007 season was a year that Williams answered many of the critics that he gained because of his lofty top draft pick status. In 2007, through 15 games, Williams accounted for 48 percent of the Texans' sacks, a higher percentage than any other player. Williams was a first-team All-Pro selection by the "Sporting News". Williams was not elected to the Pro Bowl game, but was voted an alternate to the game.


title: Mario Williams

text: In 2008, Williams amassed 12 sacks and 53 tackles in 16 games (all starts). This effort included three sacks and one forced fumble in the Texans' first ever "Monday Night Football" game on December 1, 2008. For his efforts, Williams was selected for his first Pro Bowl as a starter and was a first-team All-Pro selection by the "Sporting News" for the second consecutive season. Williams was again selected to the Pro Bowl after the 2009 season.


title: Mario Williams

text: On December 15, 2010, the Texans announced they were placing Williams on injured reserve for the remainder of the season with an inflamed hernia. Williams had been struggling since September with injuries, though he still ranked in the top third in the NFL in sacks with 8.5 through 13 games.


title: Mario Williams

text: In 2011, Williams transitioned to outside linebacker. During Week 5 against the Oakland Raiders, Williams suffered a torn pectoral muscle while sacking Raiders quarterback Jason Campbell for his team-leading fifth sack. On October 12, the Texans placed Williams on injured reserve for the second consecutive year, ending his season. Williams's contract ended in 2011 and he became a free agent, able to sign with any other football team.


title: Mario Williams

text: On March 15, 2012, after two days of negotiation with the Buffalo Bills, Williams signed a six-year contract worth up to $100 million ($49.5 million guaranteed), which made it the most lucrative contract for a defensive player in NFL history at the time. On May 22, 2012, it was announced that Williams would be wearing number #94 while with the Bills. The #90 that he wore with the Texans was worn by veteran defensive end Chris Kelsay in Buffalo.


title: Mario Williams

text: Williams started all 16 games in 2012, making 46 tackles, 10.5 sacks, and 2 forced fumbles. He had a season-high 3 sacks against the Colts on November 25, 2012. During the season, Williams was often bothered by a wrist injury which supposedly affected his play.


title: Mario Williams

text: On September 15, 2013, Williams had 4.5 sacks in a winning effort against the Carolina Panthers, which broke the Bills franchise record for the most sacks in a game. He finished the 2013 season with 38 tackles, a forced fumble, 4 passes defended, and 13 sacks in 16 starts. He finished the 2014 season with 42 total tackles (36 solo, 6 assisted), and 14.5 sacks. On January 2, 2015, he was named to the 2014 AP All-Pro First-team, as well as the 2015 Pro Bowl.


title: Mario Williams

text: The Bills hired Rex Ryan as their head coach the next season, and Williams was outspoken in his disdain for the scheme Ryan installed, mainly complaining about how he did not want to drop back into coverage. His effort noticeably declined, and he registered only 5.0 sacks.


title: Mario Williams

text: On March 8, 2016, the Miami Dolphins signed Williams to a two-year, $17 million contract with $11.98 million guaranteed and a $4 million signing bonus.


title: Mario Williams

text: On February 16, 2017, after only one season with the team where he recorded just 1.5 sacks, Williams was released by the Dolphins.


title: Mario Williams

text: In 2010, Williams, an avid boater, commissioned a one-of-a-kind custom wrap on his MasterCraft X80 boat. Williams, Josh Sirlin and MasterCraft Boat Company worked out the details of the boat design through a series of sketches and then a life-size canvas painting. In 2011, Williams donated five Chevrolet Camaros to the Houston Police Department, and in 2013, he made another donation of five Dodge Chargers. In 2012, Williams debuted a honey-toasted oats breakfast cereal called "MariO's", and the proceeds from the sales are intended to be donated to a Buffalo charity supporting children with cancer and their families.


title: Mario Williams

text: Williams resided in Orchard Park, New York during his time with the Bills, where he bought a home for $2 million in 2012.


title: Mario Williams

text: Williams was occasionally referred to as "Wario Williams" by forum members on websites such as GameFAQs, ClutchFans, and most notably on the popular social media platform Twitter. This included Syracuse.com's Bills writer Ryan Talbot who made mention of the nickname in 2012. This moniker is a hat tip to the popular Nintendo character Wario who is portrayed as having a similar bruising style and relentless demeanor as Williams.