title: Private Lessons (1981 film)

text: Next morning, Nicole invites Philly to visit her at night after she finishes the dishes. After a game of tennis with Sherman, Philly looks for Nicole but doesn't find her in her room. While searching, he is surprised to find her in his father's bathtub. She requests him to rub her back and then invites him to remove his clothes and join her in the bathtub. At first he objects, but she keeps sweet-talking him until he finally gives in. However, he decides to wear swimming trunks. Once in the bathtub, she spoons and kisses his cheek and neck from behind before kissing him in the lips. When she tries to take off his swimming trunks, he insists that she turn off the lights first. She agrees, but once she touches his penis, he again panics and rushes out. She follows him to apologize, passionately kisses him good night and directly invites him to sleep with her, the sexual element of which he fails to comprehend. After flirting in a movie theater the following evening, they return home and kiss, but he but backs off when she reacts without fondness to the notion of marrying him. After a day's hiatus, the two reconcile and decide to go on a romantic date to a French restaurant where their love and lust blossoms. After kissing as usual while returning home in the car, they reach home and have sexual intercourse.


title: Private Lessons (1981 film)

text: Nicole is revealed as an illegal alien; Lester is using this secret to blackmail her into helping him in a larger blackmail scheme against Philly. Lester intends that Nicole seduce Philly then fake her own death during sex. Lester would then 'help' the panicked Philly to secretly bury Nicole. Her body would later disappear, and a note would order Philly to steal $10,000 from his father to prevent exposure of his role in Nicole's "death".


title: Private Lessons (1981 film)

text: When Nicole has second thoughts, Lester threatens to expose her as a child molester. Nicole has truly fallen in love with Philly, and she reveals the truth to him. Philly convinces his tennis coach (Ed Begley Jr.) to pose as a police detective and intimidate Lester with questions about Nicole's disappearance. Lester panics but is caught with the money before he can flee the country. Nicole and Philly return the money to the safe, but they decide not to expose Lester's treachery. In turn, he reluctantly decides not to expose Nicole's illegal alien status nor her acts of child molestation, knowing that Philly could easily expose his attempted embezzlement scheme to his father and the police, and as a result, he keeps his job.


title: Private Lessons (1981 film)

text: Nicole fears that Philly's father will eventually discover their affair, and decides to leave. Before she does, she and Philly have passionate sexual intercourse one last time. Summer vacation ends and Philly returns to high school, thanks his teacher for advising him to pursue girls whose age is more appropriate for him and, in order to "discuss" this matter more closely, successfully asks her out to dinner. The film ends with Philly smiling.


title: Private Lessons (1981 film)

text: Dan Greenburg wrote the film's screenplay, which he adapted from his own 1969 novel "Philly". Producer R. Ben Efraim would produce a number of additional "Private..." movies over the next decade, including 1983's "Private School" (which features a brief appearance by Kristel), and two in-name-only sequels to "Private Lessons" in 1993 and 1994.


title: Private Lessons (1981 film)

text: The film was financed primarily by Jack Barry & Dan Enright Productions, even though its two chief producers, Jack Barry and Dan Enright, were better known for their game shows on television, of which Barry was the host and Enright the primary producer. The company's announcer at the time, Jay Stewart, provided the narration for one of the movie trailers for the film.


title: Private Lessons (1981 film)

text: The film was also the first picture for Jensen Farley Pictures (a subsidiary of Sunn Classic Pictures), a movie studio founded by Rayland Jensen (founder of Sunn Classic Pictures) and his fellow employee, Clair Farley. Sunn, initially a subsidiary of the Schick razor company, would be sold to Taft Broadcasting in 1980, shortly before this film's release. Jensen Farley Pictures was created after the sale to Taft, and one of the company's early releases was a film produced by Taft, "The Boogens", initially planned for release through Sunn. Jensen Farley would later release another sex comedy whose selling point was the promise of a young man coupled with an alluring older woman, "Homework" with Joan Collins.


title: Private Lessons (1981 film)

text: Director Alan Myerson and the cinematographer he hired, Jan de Bont, shot their principal photography for the film in Arizona and New Mexico over the course of 6 weeks during the summer of 1980.


title: Private Lessons (1981 film)

text: In 1985, the film was made in Italian as "Il peccato di Lola", ("Lola's Sin") starring Donatella Damiani.


title: Gabriel LaBelle

text: Gabriel LaBelle (born September 20, 2002) is a Canadian-American actor. He is best known for his leading role as young aspiring filmmaker Sammy Fabelman in Steven Spielberg's semi-autobiographical film "The Fabelmans" (2022), for which he received acclaim and was nominated for the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Young Performer.


title: Gabriel LaBelle

text: He has also appeared in the 2018 reboot of "Predator", in an episode of the Netflix series "Brand New Cherry Flavor" (2021), and in the Showtime series adaptation of "American Gigolo" (2022).


title: Gabriel LaBelle

text: LaBelle is from Vancouver, and is the son of producer and character actor Rob LaBelle. He was raised Jewish.


title: Gabriel LaBelle

text: LaBelle began interest in acting at the age of 8 at a summer camp, playing roles in its musical productions of "Footloose", "Shrek the Musical" and "Aladdin". LaBelle made his on-screen acting debut in 2013 on an episode of the Canadian TV series "Motive" in a guest role, thanks to his father landing his son an agent and being a producer on the show. In 2017, he starred in the indie horror film "Dead Shack", which premiered at the Vancouver International Film Festival and Fantasia Film Festival. It was in 2020 that LaBelle became fully committed to acting as a career and flew to Montreal to apply for theater programs, until the COVID-19 pandemic locked down the city. He ultimately got in to Concordia University’s drama program, but had to attend classes virtually. He also wanted to pursue a career in acting in New York City, but put the plans on hold to take care of his family at home.


title: Gabriel LaBelle

text: In March 2021, LaBelle received from casting director Cindy Tolan the offer to audition, among 2,000 other contenders, for the lead role of Sammy Fabelman in Steven Spielberg's "The Fabelmans", which at the time had kept its title, plot and character names under wraps. Following his audition, he was initially not cast in the role until he received a virtual callback three months later, with Spielberg, Tolan and 38 other representatives in attendance, where he then won the part. On finally reading the script and learning the details about his character being a fictionalized version of Spielberg himself as a teenager for mostly the entire film, he recalled "When I was auditioning, the character’s name was Teenage Sammy - I thought as opposed to Adult Sammy ... I get the script and you’re reading it for 30 pages and he’s 6 and 8 years old. Page 35 or so Teenage Sammy comes along. OK, good! Now this is my part. It’s going to be a three-act movie, it’s going to be a "Moonlight" or something. I kept waiting for my exit but it never came." LaBelle described the experience of getting the role as "intimate" and that he "...felt in my bones it was the best performance I’d done in my life." To prepare for the role, LaBelle watched and re-watched some of Spielberg's films, such as "Empire of the Sun" (1987) and gained access to photographs, home movies and other material from Spielberg's family's archives. He was also taught how to use the 8mm and 16mm camera props that were used on set, which had real film inside of them, as well as how to cut and splice film stock using the editing machines and film projectors of the time period. The film premiered at the 2022 Toronto International Film Festival on September 10, 2022. LaBelle's performance as Sammy received widespread critical acclaim and he was recognized as a 2022 TIFF Rising Star, as well as nominated for Best Young Actor/Actress at the 28th Critics' Choice Awards.


title: Gabriel LaBelle

text: After completion of filming on "The Fabelmans", LaBelle moved to Los Angeles in order to pursue more film, television and theater projects as an actor, with intentions to also direct at some point. In 2022, LaBelle joined the cast of the Showtime series adaptation of "American Gigolo", in the role of the young version of Julian Kaye, played by Jon Bernthal. That same year, he was cast in one of the lead roles in Adam Carter Rehmeier's coming-of-age comedy "The Snack Shack", which began filming that summer.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: Stamford is a town and civil parish in the South Kesteven District of Lincolnshire, England. The population at the 2011 census was 19,701 and estimated at 20,645 in 2019. The town has 17th- and 18th-century stone buildings, older timber-framed buildings and five medieval parish churches. It is a frequent film location. In 2013 it was rated a top place to live in a survey by "The Sunday Times". Its name has been passed on to Stamford, Connecticut, founded in 1641.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: The Romans built Ermine Street across what is now Burghley Park and forded the River Welland to the west of Stamford, eventually reaching Lincoln. They also built a town to the north at Great Casterton on the River Gwash. In 61 CE Boudica followed the Roman legion Legio IX Hispana across the river. The Anglo-Saxons later chose Stamford as the main town, being on a larger river than the Gwash.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: The place-name Stamford is first attested in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, where it appears as "Steanford" in 922 and "Stanford" in 942. It appears as "Stanford" in the Domesday Book of 1086. The name means "stony ford".


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: In 972 King Edgar made Stamford a borough. The Anglo-Saxons and Danes faced each other across the river. The town had grown as a Danish settlement at the lowest point that the Welland could be crossed by ford or bridge. Stamford was the only one of the Five Boroughs of the Danelaw not to become a county town. Initially a pottery centre making Stamford Ware, it had gained fame by the Middle Ages for its production of the woollen cloth known as Stamford cloth or haberget, which "In Henry III's reign... was well known in Venice."


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: Stamford was a walled town, but only a small portion of the walls remains. Stamford became an inland port on the Great North Road, the latter superseding Ermine Street in importance. Notable buildings in the town include the medieval Browne's Hospital, several churches and the buildings of Stamford School, a public school founded in 1532.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: A Norman castle was built about 1075 and apparently demolished in 1484. The site stood derelict until the late 20th century, when it was built over and now includes a bus station and a modern housing development. A small part of the curtain wall survives at the junction of Castle Dyke and Bath Row.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: In 1333–1334, a group of students and tutors from Merton and Brasenose colleges, dissatisfied with conditions at the university, left Oxford to found a rival college at Stamford. Oxford and Cambridge universities petitioned Edward III, and the King ordered the closure of the college and the return of the students to Oxford. MA students at Oxford were obliged to take an oath: "You shall also swear that you will not read lectures, or hear them read, at Stamford, as in a University study, or college general." This remained in force until 1827. The site and limited remains of the former Brazenose College, Stamford, where Oxford secessionists lived and studied, now form part of Stamford School.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: Stamford has been hosting an annual fair since the Middle Ages. It is mentioned in Shakespeare's Henry IV, Part 2 (Act 3, Scene 2). Held in mid-Lent, it is now the largest street fair in Lincolnshire and among the largest in the country. On 7 March 1190, crusaders at the fair led a pogrom, in which many Stamford Jews were massacred.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: Stamford’s importance and wealth in the Middle Ages meant that a number of religious houses and hospitals were established in or near the town. The monasteries and friaries were all closed at the Dissolution by 1539. Street names are indicative of their presence: Priory Street, Austin Street etc.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: At least five orders of Friars were established within the town of Stamford from the 13th century onwards.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: By the early 1500s the wool and broadcloth industry in England, on which Stamford depended, had declined significantly. Stamford was sufficiently poor, financially and demographically, that in 1548 it had to amalgamate its eleven parishes into six and its population had reduced to 800.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: However, by the second half of the 17th century, after almost 150 years of stagnation, the population started to increase. As Stamford emerged into the 17th century, leather and fibre working (in the widest sense; weavers, ropers and tailors) were the main activities along with wood and stone working.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: In the 1660s the various efforts to make the River Welland navigable again were finally successful. Stamford then became a centre for the malting trade as the barley from nearby fenlands to the east and heathlands to the north and west could make its way more easily and cheaper to the town.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: The Great North Road passed through Stamford. It had always been a halting town for travellers; Henry VIII, Queen Elizabeth, James I and Charles I all passed through and it had been a post station for the postal service journey in Elizabeth’s reign. By the later 17th century roads start to be used more for longer distance travelling. In 1663 an Act of Parliament was passed to set up turnpikes on the Great North Road, and this was to make a notable difference to Stamford’s fortunes in the following century.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: During the English Civil War local loyalties were split. Thomas Hatcher MP was a Parliamentarian. Royalists used Wothorpe and Burghley as defensive positions. In the summer of 1643 the Royalists were besieged at Burghley on 24 July after a defeat at Peterborough on 19 July. The army of Viscount Campden was heavily outnumbered and surrendered the following day.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: For over 600 years Stamford was the site of the Stamford bull run, held annually on 13 November, St Brice's day, until 1839. Local tradition says it began after William de Warenne, 5th Earl of Surrey had seen two bulls fighting in the meadow beneath his castle. Some butchers came to part the combatants and one bull ran into the town. The earl mounted his horse and rode after the animal; he enjoyed the sport so much that he gave the meadow where the fight began to the butchers of Stamford, on condition that they continue to provide a bull to be run in the town every 13 November.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: The East Coast Main Line would have gone through Stamford, as an important postal town at the time, but resistance led to routing it instead through Peterborough, whose importance and size increased at Stamford's expense.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: During the Second World War, the area round Stamford contained several military sites, including RAF station, airborne encampments and a prisoner-of-war camp. Within the town, Rock House held the headquarters of Stanisław Sosabowski and the staff of the Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade. A memorial plaque was unveiled there in 2004.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: Stamford Museum occupied a Victorian building in Broad Street from 1980 until June 2011, when it succumbed to Lincolnshire County Council budget cuts. Some exhibits have been moved to a "Discover Stamford" space at the town library and to Stamford Town Hall.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: Stamford belongs to the parliamentary constituency of Grantham and Stamford. The incumbent is Gareth Davies of the Conservative Party, who won the seat at the 2019 General Election. His predecessor, Nick Boles, had left the Conservatives in March 2019.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: In local government, Stamford before 1974 was a municipal borough based at Stamford Town Hall. Since April 1974 it has come under Lincolnshire County (upper tier) and South Kesteven District Council (lower tier). It previously belonged to Kesteven County Council.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: Stamford's town council has arms: "Per pale dexter side Gules three Lions passant guardant in pale Or and the sinister side chequy Or and Azure". The three lions are the English royal arms, granted to the town by Edward IV for its part in the "Lincolnshire Uprising". The blue and gold chequers are the arms of the De Warenne family, which held the manor here in the 13th century.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: Stamford, on the bank of the River Welland, forms a south-westerly protrusion of Lincolnshire between Rutland to the north and west, Peterborough to the south, and Northamptonshire to the south-west. There have been mistaken claims of a quadripoint where four ceremonial counties – Rutland, Lincolnshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire – would meet at a point but the location actually has two tripoints some apart.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: The River Welland forms the border between two historic counties: Lincolnshire to the north and Soke of Peterborough in Northamptonshire to the south.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: In 1991, the boundary between Lincolnshire and Rutland (then part of Leicestershire) in the Stamford area was redrawn. It now mostly follows the A1 to the railway line. The conjoined parish of Wothorpe is in the city of Peterborough. Barnack Road is the Lincolnshire/Peterborough boundary where it borders St Martin's Without.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: The river downstream of the town bridge and some of the meadows fall within the drainage area of the Welland and Deepings Internal Drainage Board.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: The area is known for limestone and slate quarries. Cream-coloured Collyweston stone slate is found on the roofs of many Stamford stone buildings. Stamford Stone in Barnack has quarries at Marholm and Holywell. Clipsham Stone has two quarries in Clipsham.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: In 1968, a specimen of the sauropod dinosaur "Cetiosaurus oxoniensis" was found in the Williamson Cliffe Quarry, close to Great Casterton in adjacent Rutland. Some long, it is about 170 million years old, from the Aalenian or Bajocian era of the Jurassic period. It is one of the most complete dinosaur skeletons found in the UK and was installed in 1975 in the Leicester Museum & Art Gallery.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: Tourism is important to Stamford's economy, as are professional law and accountancy firms. Health, education and other public-service employers also feature, notably a hospital, a large medical general practice, schools (some independent) and a further education college. Hospitality is provided by several hotels, licensed premises, restaurants, tea rooms and cafés.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: The licensed premises reflect the history of the town. The "George Hotel", "Lord Burghley", "William Cecil", "Danish Invader" and "Jolly Brewer" are among nearly 30 premises serving real ale. Surrounding villages and Rutland Water provide other venues and employment opportunities, as do several annual events at Burghley House.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: The town centre's major retail and service sector has many independent boutique stores and draws shoppers from a wide area. Several streets are traffic-free. Outlets include gift shops, eateries, men's and women's outfitters, shoe shops, florists, hairdressers, beauty therapists and acupuncture and health-care services. Harrison Dunn, Dawson of Stamford, the "George Hotel" and The Crown Arts Centre are other popular places. Stamford has several hotels, coffee shops and restaurants. Its branch of the national jeweller F. Hinds can trace its history back to the clockmaker Joseph Hinds, who worked in Stamford in the first half of the 19th century. In the summer months, Stamford Meadows attract visitors.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: National supermarkets Waitrose, Marks & Spencer, Tesco, Sainsbury's and Morrisons are represented. There are two retail parks a little way from the centre. One has Homebase DIY, Curry's electrical, Carpetright floor covering and McDonald's fast-food, the other Sainsbury's, Argos, Lidl, and Halfords car spares and bicycle shop. The town has three builders' merchants and several other specialist trade outlets and skilled trades such as roofers, builders, tilers etc. There are two car showrooms and a number of car-related businesses. Local services include convenience stores, post offices, newsagents and take-aways.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: South of the town is RAF Wittering, a main employer which was until 2011 the home of the Harrier. The base opened in 1916 as RFC Stamford. It closed in 1919, but reopened in 1924 under its present name.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: The engineering company, largely closed since June 2018, is Cummins Generator Technologies (formerly Newage Lyon, then Newage International), a maker of electrical generators in Barnack Road. C & G Concrete (now part of Breedon Aggregates) is in Uffington Road.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: The Pick Motor Company was founded in Stamford in about 1898. A number of smaller firms — welders, printers and so forth — feature in collections of industrial units or more traditional premises in older, mixed-use parts of the town. Blackstone & Co was a farm implement and diesel engine manufacturing company.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: Stamford lies amidst some of England's richest farmland and close to the famous "double-cropping" land of parts of the fens. Agriculture still provides a small, but steady number of jobs in farming, agricultural machinery, distribution and ancillary services.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: The "Stamford Mercury" claimed to have been published since 1695 as "Britain's oldest newspaper", but in fact it was founded in 1710 as the "Stamford Post". However, it is the oldest provincial continuous newspaper title, as "The Stamford Mercury" has been in print since 1712.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: Local radio provision was shared between Peterborough's Heart East (102.7 – Heart Peterborough closed in July 2010) and Greatest Hits Radio Stamford and Rutland (formerly Rutland Radio) (a 97.4 transmitter on Little Casterton Road) from Oakham. Since March 2021, Rutland and Stamford Sound has been providing a locally based service via the internet. Other stations include BBC Radio Cambridgeshire (95.7 from Peterborough), BBC Radio Northampton (103.6 from Corby) and BBC Radio Lincolnshire (94.9). NOW Digital broadcasts from an East Casterton transmitter covering the town and Spalding, which provides the Peterborough 12D multiplex (BBC Radio Cambridgeshire and Heart East). Stamford has a lower-power television relay transmitter, due to it being in a valley, which takes its transmission from Waltham, not Belmont.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: Local publishers include Key Publishing (aviation) and the Bourne Publishing Group (pets). "Old Glory", a specialist magazine for steam power and traction engines, was published in Stamford.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: Stamford was the first conservation area designated in England and Wales, under the Civic Amenities Act 1967. There are over 600 listed buildings in and around the town.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: The Industrial Revolution left Stamford largely untouched. Much of the centre was built in the 17th and 18th centuries in Jacobean or Georgian style. It is marked by streets of timber-framed and stone buildings using local limestone and by little shops tucked down back alleys. Several former coaching inns survive, their large doorways being a feature. The main shopping area was pedestrianised in the 1980s.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: Near Stamford (but in the historical Soke of Peterborough) is Burghley House, an Elizabethan mansion, built by the First Minister of Elizabeth I, Sir William Cecil, later Lord Burghley. It is the ancestral seat of the Marquess of Exeter. The tomb of William Cecil is in St Martin's Church, Stamford. The parkland of the Burghley Estate adjoins the town on two sides. Another country house near Stamford, Tolethorpe Hall, hosts outdoor theatre productions by the Stamford Shakespeare Company.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: Tobie Norris had a bell foundry in the town in the 17th century. His name is borne by a pub in St Paul's Street.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: Lying on the main north–south Ermine Street, the Great North Road, and the A1) from London to York and Edinburgh, Stamford hosted several Parliaments in the Middle Ages. The "George Hotel", "Bull and Swan", "Crown" and "London Inn" were well-known coaching inns. The town coped with heavy north–south traffic through its narrow streets until 1960, when a bypass was built to the west of the town. The old route is now the B1081. There is only one road bridge over the Welland, excluding the A1: a local bottleneck.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: Until 1996 there were plans to upgrade the bypass to motorway standard, but these have been shelved. The Carpenter's Lodge roundabout south of the town has been replaced by a grade-separated junction. The old A16, now the A1175 (Uffington Road) to Market Deeping, meets the northern end of the A43 (Kettering Road) in the south of the town.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: Footbridges cross the Welland at the Meadows, some 200 metres upstream of the Town Bridge, and at the Albert Bridge 250 metres downstream.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: The Jurassic Way runs from Banbury to Stamford. The Hereward Way runs through the town from Rutland to the Peddars Way in Norfolk, along the Roman Ermine Street and then the River Nene. The Macmillan Way heads through the town, finishing at Boston. Torpel Way follows the railway line, entering Peterborough at Bretton.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: The town is served by Stamford railway station, previously Stamford Town to distinguish it from the now closed Stamford East station in Water Street. The station building is a stone structure in Mock Tudor style, influenced by nearby Burghley House and designed by Sancton Wood.<ref name="Stamford Station |mnumber=499042 |accessdate=20 August 2009}}</ref"></ref>


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: The station has direct services to Leicester, Birmingham and Stansted Airport (via Cambridge) on the Birmingham to Peterborough Line. CrossCountry operates most services as part of their Birmingham–Stansted Airport route. Trains to and from Peterborough pass through a short tunnel beneath St Martin's High Street.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: The town bus station occupies part of the old castle site in St Peter's Hill. The main routes are to Peterborough via Helpston or Wansford and to Oakham, Grantham, Uppingham and Bourne. There are less frequent services to Peterborough by other routes. Delaine Buses services terminate at its depot in North Street. Other active operators include CentreBus, Blands and Peterborough Council.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: On Sundays and Bank Holidays from 16 May 2010, there have been five journeys to Peterborough operated by Peterborough City Council on routes via Wittering/Wansford, Duddington/Wansford, Burghley House/Barnack/Helpston and Uffington/Barnack/Helpston. There is a National Express coach service between London and Nottingham each day, including Sundays. Route maps and timetables appear on Lincolnshire County Council's website.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: Commercial shipping was carried along a canal from Market Deeping to warehouses in Wharf Road until the 1850s. This is no longer possible, due to abandonment of the canal and the shallowness of the river above Crowland. There is a lock at the sluice in Deeping St James, but it is not in use. The river was not conventionally navigable upstream of the Town Bridge.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: Stamford has five state primary schools: Bluecoat, St Augustine's (RC), St George's, St Gilbert's and Malcolm Sargent, and the independent Stamford Junior School, a co-educational school for children aged two to eleven.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: The one state secondary school is Stamford Welland Academy (formerly Stamford Queen Eleanor School), formed in the late 1980s from the town's two comprehensive schools: Fane and Exeter. It became an academy in 2011. In April 2013, a group of parents announced an intention to establish a Free School in the town, but failed to receive government backing. Instead, the multi-academy trust that submitted the bid was invited to take over the running of the existing school.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: Stamford School and Stamford High School are long-established independent schools with about 1,500 pupils between them. Stamford School for boys was founded in 1532, the High School for girls in 1877. They have run co-educational classes in the sixth form since 2000. Together with Stamford Junior School, they form the Stamford Endowed Schools.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: Most of Lincolnshire still has grammar schools. In Stamford, their place was long filled by a form of the Assisted Places Scheme, providing state funding to send children to one of two independent schools in the town that were formerly direct-grant grammars. The national scheme was abolished by the 1997 Labour government. The Stamford arrangements remained in place as a protracted transitional arrangement. In 2008, the council decided no new places could be funded and the arrangement ended in 2012. The rest of South Kesteven, apart from Market Deeping, has the selective system.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: Other secondary pupils travel to Casterton College or further afield to The Deepings School or Bourne Grammar School.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: New College Stamford offers post-16 further education: work-based, vocational and academic; and higher education courses including BA degrees in art and design awarded by the University of Lincoln and teaching-related courses awarded by Bishop Grosseteste University. The college also offers a range of informal adult learning.


title: Stamford, Lincolnshire

text: In the 2011 Census, less than 67 per cent of the population of Stamford identified themselves as Christian, over 25 per cent as of "no religion".


title: Anosognosia

text: Anosognosia is a condition in which a person with a disability is cognitively unaware of having it due to an underlying physical or psychological (e.g., PTSD, Stockholm syndrome, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, dementia) condition. Anosognosia can result from "physiological damage" to brain structures, typically to the parietal lobe or a diffuse lesion on the fronto-temporal-parietal area in the right hemisphere, and is thus a neuropsychiatric disorder. A deficit of self-awareness, it was first named by the neurologist Joseph Babinski in 1914. Phenomenologically, anosognosia has similarities to denial, which is a psychological defense mechanism; attempts have been made at a unified explanation. Anosognosia is sometimes accompanied by asomatognosia, a form of neglect in which patients deny ownership of body parts such as their limbs. The term is from Ancient Greek ἀ- "a-", 'without', νόσος "nosos", 'disease' and γνῶσις "gnōsis", 'knowledge'. It is also considered a disorder that makes the treatment of the patient more difficult, since it may affect negatively the therapeutic relationship.


title: Anosognosia

text: Relatively little has been discovered about the cause of the condition since its initial identification. Recent empirical studies tend to consider anosognosia a multi-componential syndrome or multi-faceted phenomenon. That is it can be manifested by failure to be aware of a number of specific deficits, including motor (hemiplegia), sensory (hemianaesthesia, hemianopia), spatial (unilateral neglect), memory (dementia), and language (receptive aphasia) due to impairment of anatomo-functionally discrete monitoring systems.


title: Anosognosia

text: Anosognosia is relatively common following different causes of brain injury, such as stroke and traumatic brain injury; for example, anosognosia for hemiparesis (weakness of one side of the body) with onset of acute stroke is estimated at between 10% and 18%. However, it can appear to occur in conjunction with virtually any neurological impairment. It is more frequent in the acute than in the chronic phase and more prominent for assessment in the cases with right hemispheric lesions than with the left. Anosognosia is not related to global mental confusion, cognitive flexibility, other major intellectual disturbances, or mere sensory/perceptual deficits.


title: Anosognosia

text: The condition does not seem to be directly related to sensory loss but is thought to be caused by damage to higher level neurocognitive processes that are involved in integrating sensory information with processes that support spatial or bodily representations (including the somatosensory system). Anosognosia is thought to be related to unilateral neglect, a condition often found after damage to the non-dominant (usually the right) hemisphere of the cerebral cortex in which people seem unable to attend to, or sometimes comprehend, anything on a certain side of their body (usually the left).


title: Anosognosia

text: Anosognosia can be selective in that an affected person with multiple impairments may seem unaware of only one handicap, while appearing to be fully aware of any others. This is consistent with the idea that the source of the problem relates to spatial representation of the body. For example, anosognosia for hemiplegia may occur with or without intact awareness of visuo-spatial unilateral neglect. This phenomenon of double dissociation can be an indicator of domain-specific disorders of awareness modules, meaning that in anosognosia, brain damage can selectively impact the self-monitoring process of one specific physical or cognitive function rather than a spatial location of the body.


title: Anosognosia

text: There are also studies showing that the maneuver of vestibular stimulation could temporarily improve both the syndrome of spatial unilateral neglect and of anosognosia for left hemiplegia. Combining the findings of hemispheric asymmetry to the right, association with spatial unilateral neglect, and the temporal improvement on both syndromes, it is suggested there can be a spatial component underlying the mechanism of anosognosia for motor weakness and that neural processes could be modulated similarly. There were some cases of anosognosia for right hemiplegia after left hemisphere damage, but the frequency of this type of anosognosia has not been estimated.


title: Anosognosia

text: Anosognosia may occur as part of receptive aphasia, a language disorder that causes poor comprehension of speech and the production of fluent but incomprehensible sentences. A patient with receptive aphasia cannot correct his own phonetics errors and shows "anger and disappointment with the person with whom s/he is speaking because that person fails to understand her/him". This may be a result of brain damage to the posterior portion of the superior temporal gyrus, believed to contain representations of word sounds. With those representations significantly distorted, patients with receptive aphasia are unable to monitor their mistakes. Other patients with receptive aphasia are fully aware of their condition and speech inhibitions, but cannot monitor their condition, which is not the same as anosognosia and therefore cannot explain the occurrence of neologistic jargon.


title: Anosognosia

text: Although largely used to describe unawareness of impairment after brain injury or stroke, the term "anosognosia" is occasionally used to describe the lack of insight shown by some people with anorexia nervosa. They do not seem to recognize that they have a mental illness. There is evidence that anosognosia related to schizophrenia may be the result of frontal lobe damage. E. Fuller Torrey, a psychiatrist and schizophrenia researcher, has stated that among those with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, anosognosia is the most prevalent reason for not taking medications.


title: Anosognosia

text: Clinically, anosognosia is often assessed by giving patients an anosognosia questionnaire in order to assess their metacognitive knowledge of deficits. However, neither of the existing questionnaires applied in the clinics are designed thoroughly for evaluating the multidimensional nature of this clinical phenomenon; nor are the responses obtained via offline questionnaire capable of revealing the discrepancy of awareness observed from their online task performance. The discrepancy is noticed when patients showed no awareness of their deficits from the offline responses to the questionnaire but demonstrated reluctance or verbal circumlocution when asked to perform an online task. For example, patients with anosognosia for hemiplegia may find excuses not to perform a bimanual task even though they do not admit it is because of their paralyzed arms.


title: Anosognosia

text: A similar situation can happen to patients with anosognosia for cognitive deficits after traumatic brain injury when monitoring their errors during the tasks regarding their memory and attention (online emergent awareness) and when predicting their performance right before the same tasks (online anticipatory awareness). It can also occur among patients with dementia and anosognosia for memory deficit when prompted with dementia-related words, showing possible pre-attentive processing and implicit knowledge of their memory problems. Patients with anosognosia may also overestimate their performance when asked in first-person formed questions but not from a third-person perspective when the questions referring to others.


title: Anosognosia

text: When assessing the causes of anosognosia within stroke patients, CT scans have been used to assess where the greatest amount of damage is found within the various areas of the brain. Stroke patients with mild and severe levels of anosognosia (determined by response to an anosognosia questionnaire) have been linked to lesions within the temporoparietal and thalamic regions, when compared to those who experience moderate anosognosia, or none at all. In contrast, after a stroke, people with moderate anosognosia have a higher frequency of lesions involving the basal ganglia, compared to those with mild or severe anosognosia.


title: Anosognosia

text: In regard to anosognosia for neurological patients, no long-term treatments exist. As with unilateral neglect, caloric reflex testing (squirting ice cold water into the left ear) is known to temporarily ameliorate unawareness of impairment. It is not entirely clear how this works, although it is thought that the unconscious shift of attention or focus caused by the intense stimulation of the vestibular system temporarily influences awareness. Most cases of anosognosia appear to simply disappear over time, while other cases can last indefinitely. Normally, long-term cases are treated with cognitive therapy to train patients to adjust for their inoperable limbs (though it is believed that these patients still are not "aware" of their disability). Another commonly used method is the use of feedback – comparing clients' self-predicted performance with their actual performance on a task in an attempt to improve insight.


title: Anosognosia

text: Neurorehabilitation is difficult because, as anosognosia impairs the patient's desire to seek medical aid, it may also impair their ability to seek rehabilitation. A lack of awareness of the deficit makes cooperative, mindful work with a therapist difficult. In the acute phase, very little can be done to improve their awareness, but during this time, it is important for the therapist to build a therapeutic alliance with patients by entering their phenomenological field and reducing their frustration and confusion. Since severity changes over time, no single method of treatment or rehabilitation has emerged or will likely emerge.


title: Anosognosia

text: In regard to psychiatric patients, empirical studies verify that, for individuals with severe mental illnesses, lack of awareness of illness is significantly associated with both medication non-compliance and re-hospitalization. Fifteen percent of individuals with severe mental illnesses who refuse to take medication voluntarily under any circumstances may require some form of coercion to remain compliant because of anosognosia. Coercive psychiatric treatment is a delicate and complex legal and ethical issue, but under certain circumstances, such as for individuals with schizophrenia and anosognosia, it can be justified.


title: Anosognosia

text: One study of voluntary and involuntary inpatients confirmed that committed patients require coercive treatment because they fail to recognize their need for care. The patients committed to the hospital had significantly lower measures of insight than the voluntary patients.


title: Anosognosia

text: Anosognosia is also closely related to other cognitive dysfunctions that may impair the capacity of an individual to continuously participate in treatment. Other research has suggested that attitudes toward treatment can improve after involuntary treatment and that previously committed patients tend later to seek voluntary treatment.


title: Big Tobacco

text: Big Tobacco is a name used to refer to the largest companies in the tobacco industry. According to the World Medical Journal, the five largest tobacco companies are: Philip Morris International, British American Tobacco, Imperial Brands, Japan Tobacco International, and China National Tobacco Company. These companies have substantial power economically, with revenues matching some small countries. These companies are well-known for lobbying governments, advocating for looser restrictions and lower taxes.


title: Big Tobacco

text: These companies have garnered significant controversy for the product they produce and the tactics with which they sell and market them. Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death and disease in the United States. Despite a general decrease in cigarette use in the United States, there has been no change in the use of smokeless tobacco.


title: Big Tobacco

text: Some of the tactics utilized by these companies have been noted to be similar to that of other industries such as the oil, sugar, and cell phone industries.


title: Big Tobacco

text: These companies are controversial due to the negative health effects of the products they produce, and attempts to misinform on this topic. In the United States, the big five tobacco companies have worked together to conceal scientific evidence on the negative affects of tobacco. There is also a history of manipulating and destroying evidence.


title: Big Tobacco

text: The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control was designed by the World Health Assembly as an international legal approach to reducing the effect of tobacco on public health. However, its implementation has also been interfered with by these tobacco companies. Tobacco companies have also been known to foster relations with governments and communities to maintain loose regulations on tobacco products.


title: Himansh Kohli

text: Himansh Kohli (born 3 November 1989) is an Indian actor from Delhi. He is best known for his role as Raghav Oberoi in the Hindi drama "Humse Hai Liife". He made his Bollywood debut with "Yaariyaan" (2014).


title: Himansh Kohli

text: Kohli was born to father Vipin Kohli and mother Neeru Kohli and brought up in Delhi. Since his childhood he had been a big fan of Rajesh Khanna, drawing inspiration from him.


title: Himansh Kohli

text: Kohli worked as a Radio Jockey (RJ) at Radio Mirchi in Delhi from May to July 2011. He made his debut on TV with Channel V's daily soap opera "Humse Hai Liife". He played the character Raghav Oberoi, the male protagonist in "Humse Hai Liife." He was on the show from 5 September 2011 to 12 June 2012, and left when he was given a role in a feature film. He came back to the show in November 2012 to shoot for the show's final episode.


title: Himansh Kohli

text: In May 2012, director Divya Kumar cast Kohli as one of the lead actors for the Bollywood movie"Yaariyaan", to play the character Lakshya. The film which was released on 10 January 2014 became a box office success.


title: Himansh Kohli

text: In 2017, Kohli appeared in four films: drama film "Jeena Isi Ka Naam Hai" directed by Keshhav Panneriy, romantic comedy "Sweetiee Weds NRI", "Ranchi Diaries", and "Dil Jo Na Keh Saka".


title: Christ Pantocrator (Sinai)

text: The Christ Pantocrator of St. Catherine's Monastery at Sinai is one of the oldest Byzantine religious icons, dating from the 6th century AD. It is the earliest known depiction of Jesus Christ as Pantocrator (literally "ruler of all") that survives, and is regarded by historians and scholars to be one of the most important and recognizable works in the study of Byzantine art as well as Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Christianity.


title: Christ Pantocrator (Sinai)

text: For a time, the icon was thought to have been dated from the thirteenth century, since it had been almost completely painted over at that time, but it was concluded in 1962 that it is in fact from the mid-sixth century, although the exact date of production is still unknown. When Saint Catherine's Monastery was founded by the Byzantine emperor Justinian I, late in his reign, between 548 and 565, it enjoyed imperial patronage and donations from Justinian and his court, with the Christ Pantocrator icon having been one of the many possible imperial gifts. Because of this, it is generally believed to have been produced in the Byzantine capital of Constantinople.


title: Christ Pantocrator (Sinai)

text: Many agree that the icon represents the dual nature of Christ, illustrating traits of both man and God, perhaps influenced by the aftermath of the ecumenical councils of the previous century at Ephesus and Chalcedon. Christ's features on his left side (the viewer's right) are supposed to represent the qualities of his human nature, while his right side (the viewer's left) represents his divinity. His right hand is shown opening outward, signifying his gift of blessing, while the left hand and arm is clutching a thick Gospel book.


title: Christ Pantocrator (Sinai)

text: Some scholars have suggested the icon at Sinai could have been a possible representation of the Kamouliana icon of Christ or of the famous icon of Christ of the Chalke Gate, an image which was destroyed twice during the first and second waves of Byzantine Iconoclasmfirst in 726, and again in 814and thus its connection with the Christ Pantocrator is difficult to confirm.


title: Christ Pantocrator (Sinai)

text: With a height of 84 cm, width of 45.5 cm, and a thickness of 1.2 cm, the icon was originally taller and wider before its top and sides were cut. Otherwise, there is only one spot with major damage, a large portion of Christ's hair on his left side, including his left ear and shoulder. The original encaustic surface has continually been preserved in excellent condition overall. As with many of the early icons from Sinai, the Christ Pantocrator was created by using this technique, known as encaustic—a medium using hot wax paint—that would rarely continue to be utilized in the Byzantine world after the iconoclastic controversies of the eighth and ninth centuries. In fact, the monastery at Sinai is the only place in the world where a substantial number of these encaustic icons, particularly those dating from as early as the sixth century, have been preserved. During the period of Byzantine Iconoclasm, the production of Orthodox icons continued at Sinai, whereas they were being destroyed in Constantinople.


title: Christ Pantocrator (Sinai)

text: The Muslim Arabs quickly took control of the entire Fertile Crescent south of the Turkish mountains, including Egypt and Sinai, cutting the monastery's ties with Constantinople in the year 640. Therefore, by the time the era of iconoclasm had been initiated by Emperor Leo III in 726, the Monastery of Saint Catherine had already been protected under Muslim rule for nearly a century and was able to survive the destruction of iconoclasm. Furthermore, the location of the monastery in the rocky desert of Sinai, far away from any major trade or military route, kept the contents within St. Catherine's safe from raiders as well as conquering armies. Even today, the monastery houses more than 2,000 icons, dating from the sixth century to modern times.


title: Neon tetra

text: The neon tetra ("Paracheirodon innesi") is a Freshwater fish of the characin family (family Characidae) of order Characiformes. The type species of its genus, it is native to blackwater and clearwater streams in the Amazon basin of South America. Its bright colouring makes the fish visible to conspecifics in the dark blackwater streams, and is also the main reason for its popularity among freshwater fish hobbyists, with neon tetras being one of the most widely kept tropical fish in the world.


title: Neon tetra

text: The neon tetra is found in the western and northern Amazon basin in southeastern Colombia, eastern Peru, and western Brazil. It lives in waters with a temperature between and pH 4–7.5. It has a preference for acidic blackwater streams, but also occurs in transparent clearwater streams. It is not found in the whitewater rivers. UN FAO considers "P. innesi" an introduced species in Singapore and the United States. FAO considers its introduction to Singapore to be ecologically and socioeconomically beneficial, but it is not established there.


title: Neon tetra

text: The neon tetra has a light-blue back over a silver-white abdomen. The fish is characterized by an iridescent blue horizontal stripe along each side of the fish from its nose to the base of the adipose fin, and an iridescent red stripe that begins at the middle of the body and extends posteriorly to the base of the caudal fin. The fish is partially transparent (including fins) except for these markings. Sexual dimorphism is slight, with the female having a slightly larger belly, and a bent iridescent stripe rather than the male's straight stripe. During the night, the blue and red become gray or black as the fish rests. It reactivates once it becomes active in the morning. This peculiar change is due to the neon tetras capacity to change the color of its iridescent stripe in response to lighting conditions. In a light-adapted state it is blue-green, likewise in a dark-adapted state its color changes to indigo. This change is produced by guanine crystals in their cells that reflect light. It grows to approximately 4 cm (1.5 in) in overall length. They have recently become available in a long-fin variety.


title: Neon tetra

text: The neon tetra was first imported from South America and was described by renowned ichthyologist George S. Myers in 1936, and named after William T. Innes. "P. innesi" is one of the most popular aquarium fish, with about 2 million sold in the US each month. Most neon tetras available in the United States are imported from Southeast Asia, where they are farm-raised, or to a lesser extent from Colombia, Peru, and Brazil, where they are collected from the wild. During a single month, an average of 1.8 million neon tetras with an estimated value of $175,000 are imported into the United States for the aquarium trade. With the exception of home aquarists and a few commercial farms that breed neon tetras experimentally, captive breeding on a commercial scale is nonexistent in the USA.


title: Neon tetra

text: In the wild they inhabit very soft, acidic waters (pH 4.0 to 4.8) Ideal pH for aquarium is 7.0, but a range of 6.0 to 8.0 is tolerable. They can have a lifespan of as long as ten years, but normally just two to three years in an aquarium.


title: Neon tetra

text: Neon tetras are considered easy to keep in an aquarium of at least with a temperature range of between , a water pH of between 6.0 and 7.0, GH of below 10 dGH and KH of 1-2 dKH, and under 20 ppm of nitrate.


title: Neon tetra

text: They are shoaling fish and must be kept in groups of at least six, but will be more active in groups of eight to 12 or more. Neon tetras are best kept in a densely planted tank to resemble their native Amazon environments.


title: Neon tetra

text: Neon tetras are omnivores and will accept most flake foods, if sufficiently small, but should also have some small foods such as brine shrimp, daphnia, freeze-dried bloodworms, tubifex, which can be stuck to the side of the aquarium, and micropellet food to supplement their diets. A tropical sinking pellet is ideal, as most brands of these include natural color enhancers that bring out the color in neon tetras. Some frozen foods, including frozen blood worms, add variety to their diets.


title: Neon tetra

text: The male is slender, and the blue line is straighter. The female is rounder, producing a bent blue line. Some aquarists say the females look plumper when viewed from above. However, the straightness of the line and the plumpness of the female might occasionally be due to the eggs she is carrying. A neon tetra can appear slightly plump in the belly due to having overeaten.


title: Neon tetra

text: Neon tetras need dim lighting, a DH less than one, about 5.5 pH, and a temperature of to breed. There also needs to be a lot of tannins in the water. Neon tetras are old enough to breed at 12 weeks.


title: Neon tetra

text: Breeding neon tetras is considered to be difficult in home aquariums. However, it is becoming more common, with less than 5% of specimens currently sold in America caught in the wild, and more than 1.5 million specimens imported to America each month from fish farms.


title: Neon tetra

text: Neon tetras are occasionally afflicted by the so-called "neon tetra disease" (NTD) or pleistophora disease, a sporozoan disease caused by "Pleistophora hyphessobryconis". Despite being a well-known condition, it is generally incurable and often fatal to the fish. However this disease is also generally preventable. The disease cycle begins when microsporidian parasite spores enter the fish after it consumes infected material, such as the bodies of a dead fish, or live food such as tubifex, which may serve as intermediate hosts. The disease is most likely passed by newly acquired fish that have not been quarantined.


title: Neon tetra

text: Symptoms include restlessness, loss of coloration, lumps on the body as cysts develop, difficulty swimming, curved spines as the disease progresses, and secondary infections, such as fin rot and bloating.


title: Neon tetra

text: A so-called "false neon disease", which is bacterial, shows very similar symptoms. It is impossible for the home aquarist to determine for certain the difference between NTD and false NTD on the basis of visible symptoms alone, without laboratory backup. This disease has also been confused with columnaris (mouth rot, mouth fungus, 'flex').


title: Neon tetra

text: Generally the best 'treatment' is the immediate removal of diseased fish to preserve the remaining fish, although some occasional successful treatments have been performed that include fish baths and a "medication cocktail". The use of a diatom filter, which can reduce the number of free parasites in the water, may help. As with Pleistophora neon tetra disease, prevention is most important and this disease is rare when good preventive measures are performed.


title: Neon tetra

text: The green neon tetra ("P. simulans") and black neon tetra ("Hyphessobrycon herbertaxelrodi") are distinct species—the latter belongs to a different genus—and not color varieties. The cardinal tetra ("P. axelrodi") is also a similar species, but its greater extent of red coloring distinguishes it from the neon tetra. The name "Hyphessobrycon innesi" is an obsolete synonym for "P. innesi".


title: Benign fasciculation syndrome

text: Benign fasciculation syndrome (BFS) is characterized by fasciculation (twitching) of voluntary muscles in the body. The twitching can occur in any voluntary muscle group but is most common in the eyelids, arms, hands, fingers, legs, and feet. The tongue can also be affected. The twitching may be occasional to continuous. BFS must be distinguished from other conditions that include muscle twitches.


title: Benign fasciculation syndrome

text: The main symptom of benign fasciculation syndrome is focal or widespread involuntary muscle activity (fasciculation). The benign twitches usually have a constant location.


title: Benign fasciculation syndrome

text: Other common symptoms are generalized fatigue or weakness, paraesthesia or numbness, and muscle cramping or spasms. Anxiety and somatic symptom disorders and symptoms are commonly reported. Muscle stiffness may also be present; if muscle weakness is not also present, and cramps are more severe, the stiffness may be categorized instead as cramp fasciculation syndrome. Cramp fasciculation is a variant of BFS which presents with muscle pain and exercise intolerance.


title: Benign fasciculation syndrome

text: BFS symptoms are typically not accompanied by severe muscle weakness, and are typically present when the muscle is at rest. Individuals with BFS may have perceived weakness which is the sensation of a fatigued limb, but is not true clinical weakness. Fasciculations can move from one part of the body to another.


title: Benign fasciculation syndrome

text: The precise cause of BFS is unknown. It is not known if it is a disease of the motor nerves, the muscles, or the neuromuscular junction.


title: Benign fasciculation syndrome

text: Health anxiety disorder may be a cause among individuals who become concerned they have a motor neuron disease; this persistent concern is a psychiatric condition mostly noted among healthcare professionals and doctors. An association with anxiety level is established; BFS is reportedly found among "anxious medical students" and clinicians under the age of 40, and this phenomenon known as "fasciculation anxiety syndrome" is reinforced by access to information on the internet.


title: Benign fasciculation syndrome

text: BFS can also be caused by long-term use of anticholinergics, and fasciculations may be caused by other drug use or exposure to steroids, nicotine, caffeine, alcohol, insecticides and pesticides. Thyroid disease may also cause similar symptoms.


title: Benign fasciculation syndrome

text: West Nile Virus has also been known to cause BFS-like symptoms, such as tremor, muscle twitching, and perceived muscle weakness/fatigue. Patients can expect a full recovery, as reported on the subreddit BFS.


title: Benign fasciculation syndrome

text: Benign fasciculation syndrome is a diagnosis of exclusion; that is, other potential causes for the twitching must be ruled out before BFS can be diagnosed. Diagnosis includes blood tests, a neurological exam, and electromyography (EMG).


title: Benign fasciculation syndrome

text: Another step in diagnosing BFS is checking for clinical weakness or wasting, which are found in more serious conditions. Lack of clinical weakness along with normal EMG results (in those with only fasciculations) largely eliminates more serious disorders from potential diagnosis. In younger people with only lower motor neuron (LMN) fasciculations, no muscle weakness, and no thyroid abnormalities, Turner and Talbot (2013) state that "individuals under 40 years can be reassured without resorting to electromyography (EMG) to avoid the small but highly damaging possibility of false-positives".


title: Benign fasciculation syndrome

text: According to Kincaid (1997), the diagnosis is made when there is no clinical finding of neurogenic disease; he first reassures patients that no "ominous disease seems to be present", and says, "I suggest that patients like this be followed for a year or longer with clinical and electromyographic exams at about 6-month intervals before one becomes secure in the diagnosis that the fasciculations are truly benign." Other publications recommend followups for four or five years before ruling the condition benign, although the percentage of individuals who progress to a more serious condition is very low.


title: Benign fasciculation syndrome

text: Benign fasciculation syndrome and the variant cramp fasciculation syndrome "can be regarded as part of a larger spectrum of disease that also incorporates acquired auto-immune neuromyotonia.


title: Benign fasciculation syndrome

text: Other serious diseases that must be distinguished include motor neuron diseases (MND) such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), neuropathy, and spinal cord diseases.


title: Benign fasciculation syndrome

text: According to Turner and Talbot (2013), "the fasciculations of MND are often abrupt and widespread at onset in an individual previously unaffected by fasciculations in youth. The site of the fasciculations, for example, those in the calves versus abdomen, has not been shown to be discriminatory for a benign disorder. There is conflicting evidence as to whether the character of fasciculations differs neurophysiologically in MND." It is "exceptionally rare for patients later diagnosed with ALS to present with fasciculations alone", and ALS is ruled out with a normal EMG and no evidence of muscle wasting.


title: Benign fasciculation syndrome

text: There is support for treating any accompanying anxiety using cognitive behavioral therapy or antidepressants. Quinine is effective, but not recommended because of the potential for serious side effects. Calcium channel blockers may be effective, although the evidence for their use is weak. There is little evidence supporting other therapies.


title: Benign fasciculation syndrome

text: In cases caused by magnesium or calcium deficiencies, curing the deficiency through diet or supplementation is effective.


title: Benign fasciculation syndrome

text: The syndrome causes no known long-term physical damage. Some individuals remain anxious even after being diagnosed with the benign condition and are often directed towards professionals who can assist with understanding stress and anxiety, or those who can prescribe medication to help manage anxiety.


title: Benign fasciculation syndrome

text: Spontaneous remission has been known to occur, and in cases where anxiety is thought to be a major contributor, symptoms are typically lessened after the underlying anxiety is treated.


title: Benign fasciculation syndrome

text: There may be an association between widespread fasciculations or paresthesias with small fiber neuropathy.


title: High on Life (video game)

text: High on Life is a comedic first-person shooter game, with action-adventure and metroidvania elements, taking place in a science fiction world, which features talking guns. It was created by Justin Roiland and developed and published by Squanch Games. The game was dedicated to the memories of Marshall Gause and Jonathan Bahm and has been released on December 12, 2022, for Windows, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X/S.


title: High on Life (video game)

text: Earth has been invaded by the malicious alien G3 Cartel, who seek to use the native human population as drugs. Playing the role of a human bounty hunter and aided by a number of living weapons, called Gatlians, the player must navigate the galaxy and hunt down the G3 Cartel's leadership in order to save humanity.


title: High on Life (video game)

text: "High on Life" is a first-person shooter video game with action-adventure and metroidvania elements. Players are tasked with assassinating select targets, and must fight their way into the target's lair and then fight the targets in a boss battle.


title: High on Life (video game)

text: Players attack using a total of four living alien guns called "Gatlians", each equipped with primary, alternate, and special "trick hole" firing modes. Weapon specials can also be used in non-combat scenarios to solve puzzles and are needed to access certain areas.


title: High on Life (video game)

text: Players can gain new abilities and upgrade their existing abilities by purchasing upgrades at shops or by finding them in chests. As players get new Gatlians and other equipment it is possible to access previously unreachable areas, as in a Metroidvania.


title: High on Life (video game)

text: In addition to combat, players will encounter traversal and platforming sections, as well as puzzles solved using the Gatlians' weapon abilities, and social areas where players can interact with NPCs.


title: High on Life (video game)

text: Full development of "High on Life" began in 2019, a short time after the release of the studio's previous title, "Trover Saves the Universe". The initial concept, conceived by Justin Roiland, was to develop a first-person shooter that featured talking guns that would speak to the player and react to their actions.


title: High on Life (video game)

text: The original "High On Life" trailer was released at the Xbox and Bethesda Games Showcase on June 12, 2022, with an anticipated release of October 2022. A two-month delay was announced on August 18, 2022, however that set the release date to December 12, 2022, with the stated reason being to finish improving the game.


title: High on Life (video game)

text: The game includes voice acting from Roiland, J.B. Smoove, Tim Robinson, Betsy Sodaro, Steve Agee, Maurice LaMarche, Maria Bamford, Hal Lublin, Andy Daly, Jon Daly, Kevin McDonald, Mary Mack, Rich Fulcher, Thomas Middleditch, Nolan North, Jennifer Hale, Wayne Pygram, Joel Haver, Alec Robbins, Ryan Ridley, Dave Herman, Laura Silverman, Tara Strong, Tom Kenny, James Urbaniak, Echo Kellum, Jack Black, Susan Sarandon, the cast of Red Letter Media, and "Smiling Friends" creators Zach Hadel and Michael Cusack. Original music was composed by Tobacco with addiational music provided by Morris Borris, Ryan Elder, Sam Houselander, Pete Maguire, Jonathan Peros, Kevin Temmer and Akash Thakkar.


title: High on Life (video game)

text: Justin Roiland is said to be heavily involved in the creation of "High on Life". He has received credit for creating the original concept of the game and taking part in the design and development of it. Design director Erich Mayr has described the style of the game to be ""Blade Runner" meets "The Muppets"".


title: High on Life (video game)

text: "High on Life" was released on December 12, 2022. Review copies were sent to critics a few days prior on December 9, meaning few professional reviews were available at release. The title sharply divided critics, with an average score of 67 on Metacritic.. In particular, the game's crude and absurdist humor, a key pillar of the game, proved polarizing. "IGN", in its 8/10 review, called it "an irreverent, absurd shooter that manages to shine with its outrageous humor, silly setting and story," while "Eurogamer" complained that the writing "too often settles into edgelord cynicism and the same tedious, punchdown humour as "South Park".". "The Guardian" noted this polarizing quality, observing that "the line between entertaining and excruciating here is down to how you feel about listening to a game-length version of "Rick and Morty"’s Interdimensional Cable ad-libs".


title: High on Life (video game)

text: Reviewers also noted that the game had technical issues, including bugs that could make it impossible to progress, and a bug that resulted in jerky movement that made the performance appear poor. On December 13, Squanch Games released a patch addressing some of these bugs.


title: High on Life (video game)

text: Despite mixed reviews, the game was the top played title on Microsoft's Game Pass service the week of its release, and the fourth most played title on the Xbox platform overall, and was hailed as a "breakout hit" by Xbox VP of Marketing Aaron Greenberg. It also became the top selling game on the Steam platform. It currently has a 90% positive user review score on the Steam platform.


title: Cedric Alexander

text: Cedric Alexander Johnson (born August 16, 1989) is an American professional wrestler currently signed to WWE, where he performs on the Raw brand.


title: Cedric Alexander

text: Alexander worked for Ring of Honor (ROH) from 2010 until 2016. He started as part of C&C Factory, a tag team with Caprice Coleman. They worked together until 2014, then he worked as a singles wrestler, usually managed by Veda Scott. He left ROH in 2016, when he was invited to the WWE tournament Cruiserweight Classic. During the tournament, he was eliminated in the second round by Kota Ibushi, but received high praise, with the fans in attendance chanting "Please Sign Cedric". After that, Alexander would sign a contract with WWE, working in their new cruiserweight division as part of the 205 Live brand. At WrestleMania 34, Alexander won a tournament to win the WWE Cruiserweight Championship, retaining the title for 181 days. In April 2019, he was promoted to the Raw brand.


title: Cedric Alexander

text: Over the course of 2010, Alexander mostly wrestled dark matches for Ring of Honor (ROH). In 2011 he started performing for ROH on a regular basis after he formed the tag team called the C&C Wrestle Factory with Caprice Coleman.


title: Cedric Alexander

text: On December 23 at Final Battle 2011, C&C Wrestle Factory competed in a Tag team gauntlet match for a future ROH World Tag Team Championship title shot where they eliminated the Bravado Brothers (Harlem and Lancelot). On March 30 at Showdown in the Sun Chapter 1, they were defeated by Wrestling's Greatest Tag Team (Charlie Haas and Shelton Benjamin). The next day at Showdown in the Sun Chapter 2, Alexander was defeated by Tommaso Ciampa. On September 15 at , they were defeated by S.C.U.M. (Jimmy Jacobs and Steve Corino). At on October 13, they once again defeated the Bravado Brothers. On December 16 at , they unsuccessfully challenged S.C.U.M. for the ROH World Tag Team Championship in a three-way match that also included the Briscoe Brothers who won the match. On March 3 at the 11th Anniversary Show, he and Coleman were defeated by S.C.U.M. On April 5 at Supercard of Honor VII, C&C Wrestle Factory teamed with B. J. Whitmer, Mark Briscoe and Mike Mondo in a losing effort against S.C.U.M. (Cliff Compton, Jimmy Jacobs, Jimmy Rave, Rhett Titus and Rhino). On May 4 at Border Wars 2013, they defeated A. C. H. and TaDarius Thomas. On May 18 at Relentless, they teamed with Jay Lethal to defeat Matt Taven and reDRagon (Bobby Fish and Kyle O'Reilly). On July 8 at Live And Let Die, Alexander was defeated by Davey Richards. On June 22 at Best in the World 2013, they unsuccessfully challenged reDRagon for the ROH World Tag Team Championship in a three-way match that also included S.C.U.M. (Rhett Titus and Cliff Compton). On August 3 at All Star Extravaganza V, they were defeated by Adrenaline Rush (ACH and TaDarius Thomas) in a three-way match that also included The Young Bucks.


title: Cedric Alexander

text: On January 25 at "Wrestling's Finest", he defeated Andrew Everett. On February 8 at State Of The Art, he was defeated by Jimmy Jacobs. On February 21 at the 12th Anniversary Show he teamed with Mark Briscoe and Adam Page in a losing effort against The Decade (Roderick Strong, B. J. Whitmer and Jimmy Jacobs). On March 7 at "Raising The Bar – Day 1", he teamed with Adam Page in a tag team match against The Decade where they lost. The next day at "Raising The Bar – Day 2" he was defeated by Kevin Steen. On March 22 at "Flyin' High" he was defeated by Michael Elgin. On April 4 at Supercard of Honor VIII, he lost a match against Roderick Strong. On April 19 at "Second To None", he teamed with Andrew Everett in a losing effort against reDRagon. At Global Wars on May 10, he defeated Roderick Strong. After the match he was attacked by Roderick Strong and the rest of The Decade and was put through chairs and his shoulder was separated. Alexander made an appearance at War of the Worlds attacking The Decade from behind. This led to a submission match against Roderick Strong at Best in the World, in which he came out victorious. On August 9, during the Summer Heat Tour, he unsuccessfully challenged Michael Elgin for the ROH World Championship. On September 6 at "All Star Extravaganza VI" he was scheduled to face Silas Young, but when Young broke his leg and ACH did not show up for the event he challenged Jay Lethal for the ROH World Television Championship where he was defeated. On October 11 at "Champions vs. All Stars", he was defeated by Christopher Daniels. On November 7 at "Survival Of The Fittest- Day 1", he was defeated by Adam Page in a 2014 Survival of the Fittest qualifying match. The next day at "Survival Of The Fittest- Day 2", he was defeated by Jay Lethal. On November 22 at Tag Wars, he was defeated by Tommaso Ciampa in No Disqualification Grudge Match. On December 7 at Final Battle 2014, he teamed with The Addiction (Christopher Daniels and Frankie Kazarian), but ultimately lost to The Young Bucks and ACH following a Meltzer Driver and an ACH 450 splash.


title: Cedric Alexander

text: On May 16, 2015, at Global Wars '15, Alexander ended Moose's undefeated streak after hitting him with a wrench, turning heel. On June 19 at Best in the World 2015, Alexander reunited with Caprice Coleman, but ultimately broke off the partnership for good, when Coleman refused to allow Alexander to use the wrench again in a match against War Machine (Hanson and Raymond Rowe). Later that same event, he attacked Moose and aligned himself with Moose's former manager Veda Scott, confirming his heel turn.


title: Cedric Alexander

text: On June 13, 2016, Alexander was announced as a participant in WWE's Cruiserweight Classic tournament. The tournament began on June 23 with Alexander defeating Clement Petiot in his first round match. On July 14, Alexander was eliminated from the tournament by Kota Ibushi. The match received high praise, with the fans in attendance chanting "please sign Cedric" and earned a -star rating from Dave Meltzer of the "Wrestling Observer Newsletter".


title: Cedric Alexander

text: On the August 29 episode of "Raw", Alexander was announced as part of the upcoming cruiserweight division. Alexander made his debut on the September 19 episode of "Raw" as a face, submitting to The Brian Kendrick in a fatal four-way match that included Gran Metalik and Rich Swann to determine the number one contender for the WWE Cruiserweight Championship. On the September 26 episode of "Raw", Alexander would get his first win, teaming with Rich Swann to defeat Lince Dorado and Drew Gulak. On the December 6 episode of "205 Live", Alexander started an on-screen relationship with Alicia Fox. Later that night, he was defeated by Noam Dar, and after the match, Dar dedicated his victory to Fox, igniting a feud between the two. On the December 19 episode of "Raw", Alexander defeated Dar, but Dar attempted to seduce Fox again afterwards. On the January 10, 2017 episode of "205 Live", Alexander decided to break-up with Fox, after she cost him a match. In March, it was announced that Alexander would be out of action for 3–5 months with a knee injury. He returned from injury on the May 23 episode of "205 Live", defeating Johnny Boone. On the July 11 episode of "205 Live", Alexander defeated Dar in an "I quit" match to end their feud.


title: Cedric Alexander

text: On the December 11 episode of "Raw", Alexander won a fatal four-way match to face Drew Gulak the following week, with the winner earning a match against Enzo Amore for the Cruiserweight Championship. Alexander defeated Gulak the following week on "Raw" to become the number one contender to the championship. On the January 8, 2018 episode of "Raw", he faced Amore for the title, which Amore lost by countout, therefore retaining. Alexander was scheduled to face Amore for the Cruiserweight Championship at the Royal Rumble pay-per-view, but the match was cancelled and the title was vacated when Amore was released from WWE.


title: Cedric Alexander

text: In the following weeks, a tournament to determine a new champion was arranged, in which Alexander defeated Gran Metalik in the first round, TJP in the quarterfinals, and Roderick Strong in the semi-finals to advance to the final. At WrestleMania 34 on April 8, Alexander defeated Mustafa Ali to win the Cruiserweight Championship. On the following episode of "205 Live", Alexander was attacked by Buddy Murphy during his championship celebration. At the Greatest Royal Rumble event, Alexander made his first successful title defense against Kalisto. Alexander then retained his title against Murphy on the May 29 episode of "205 Live" and against Hideo Itami on the July 10 episode of "205 Live". At SummerSlam, Alexander successfully retained his title against Drew Gulak. On the September 19 episode of "205 Live", Alexander defeated Gulak in a SummerSlam rematch to retain the Cruiserweight Championship. At Super Show-Down on October 6, Alexander lost the Cruiserweight Championship against Buddy Murphy, ending his reign at 181 days, and also marking his first televised loss in 2018.


title: Cedric Alexander

text: On the November 28 episode of "205 Live", Alexander teamed with Mustafa Ali to defeat Murphy and Tony Nese after Alexander pinned Murphy, this would earn him a title shot against Murphy. At , Alexander received his title rematch but failed to regain the title.


title: Cedric Alexander

text: In early 2019, Alexander competed in a tournament for a match for the title at WrestleMania 35, where Alexander lasted until the finals of the tournament, where he lost to Tony Nese. On the March 26 episode of "205 Live", he lost the match to Ariya Daivari when Oney Lorcan cost his match. On the April 17 episode of "205 Live", Alexander lost his final match on the brand against Lorcan, and after the match, the two shook hands as a sign of respect, thus ending their brief feud.


title: Cedric Alexander

text: As part of the 2019 WWE Superstar Shake-up, Alexander was drafted to the Raw brand. On the April 22 episode of "Raw", Alexander would lose his debut match against Cesaro. On the June 24 episode of "Raw", Alexander briefly won the 24/7 Championship from R-Truth before immediately losing it against EC3 during a flurry of title changes. On the July 8 episode of "Raw", Alexander, disguised as Gary Garbutt (originally played by the former AAF's Memphis Express president Kosha Irby), teamed with Roman Reigns in a losing effort against Drew McIntyre and Shane McMahon. A week later on "Raw", Alexander scored an upset victory over McIntyre, achieving his first victory on the brand.


title: Cedric Alexander

text: In August, Alexander entered the King of the Ring tournament, where he defeated Sami Zayn in the first round but lost to Baron Corbin in the quarter finals after he was attacked by The O.C. (AJ Styles, Luke Gallows, and Karl Anderson) prior to the match. The following week on "Raw", he would pin Styles in a 10-man tag team match, earning himself a United States Championship title shot. At Clash of Champions, he was defeated by Styles. On the September 30 episode of "Raw", Alexander would once again challenge Styles for the United States Championship, but was defeated again.


title: Cedric Alexander

text: On the April 6, 2020 episode of "Raw", Alexander formed a tag team with Ricochet as they defeated Oney Lorcan and Danny Burch. In the following weeks, Alexander and Ricochet began feuding with The Hurt Business (MVP, Bobby Lashley, and Shelton Benjamin) after they injured Apollo Crews. On the July 6 episode of Raw, after Alexander and Ricochet lost to MVP and Lashley, MVP approached Alexander and attempted to convince him to join his group with Lashley rather than just be Ricochet's "side kick".


title: Cedric Alexander

text: On the August 13 episode of Raw, Alexander pinned Benjamin to win the 24/7 title for a second time only to lose it back to Benjamin later on in the night.


title: Cedric Alexander

text: On the September 7 episode of Raw, Alexander attacked his tag team partners Ricochet and Apollo Crews during a six-man tag team match against The Hurt Business, thus joining The Hurt Business and turning heel for the first time in his career. Alexander began teaming with Benjamin as they feuded with The New Day (Kofi Kingston and Xavier Woods) for the WWE Raw Tag Team Championship. At , Alexander and Benjamin defeated New Day to win the WWE Raw Tag Team Championship, only to lose them back to The New Day on the March 15, 2021 episode of "Raw".


title: Cedric Alexander

text: On the March 29 episode of "Raw", Lashley lambasted Alexander and Benjamin due to them losing the Raw Tag Team Championships and losing to Drew McIntyre in a 2-on-1 handicap match, a loss that meant they'd be barred from ringside at Lashley's WWE Championship match at WrestleMania 37 against McIntyre. This led to Lashley attacking Alexander and Benjamin, thus kicking them out of the faction in the process. On the April 5 episode of "Raw", Alexander lost to Lashley in singles competition. In the following weeks, Alexander and Benjamin began a losing streak against teams such as The Viking Raiders (Erik and Ivar) twice, and to Riddle and Randy Orton once. On the May 3 episode of Raw, after losing to Lucha House Party (Gran Metalik and Lince Dorado), Alexander insulted Benjamin and said that the team is done.


title: Cedric Alexander

text: On the September 27 episode of "Raw", Alexander and Benjamin helped Lashley fight off The New Day and in the process, reuniting The Hurt Business. On the November 22 episode of "Raw", Alexander defeated Reggie to win the 24/7 title for a third time, only to lose it to Dana Brooke moments later.


title: Cedric Alexander

text: Months later in January 2022, after not being seen together, Benjamin and Alexander approached Lashley under the assumption they were still a unit, only to be dismissed. This would cause the pair to launch a sneak attack that evening, but they were easily dealt with.


title: Cedric Alexander

text: After his tag team partner Shelton Benjamin got injured, Alexander would be involved in segments where he tried to get in on MVP and Omos' good side during their feud with Bobby Lashley, up until Hell in a Cell when Alexander distracted MVP and Omos during their 2-on-1 Handicap Match which allowed Lashley to pick up the victory. Later on, Lashley would confront Alexander backstage, questioning his motive behind the involvement, with Alexander saying that the distraction was for himself, and that he's "getting sick of being treated like an unwanted twerp", and is going to start standing on his own two feet, to which Lashley was proud of and both ended up shaking hands, therefore turning Alexander face for the first time in two years. On August 8, 2022, Alexander defeated Benjamin in the "Main Event" tapings, effectively signaling the end of The Hurt Business.


title: Cedric Alexander

text: Alexander made his video game debut in "WWE 2K18" and subsequently appears in "WWE 2K19" "WWE 2K20 and WWE 2K22.


title: Cedric Alexander

text: In June 2018, Johnson married fellow professional wrestler Aerial Monroe, who previously competed in All Elite Wrestling under the nickname of "Big Swole." They have one daughter.


title: Trial by Fire (2018 film)

text: Trial by Fire is a 2018 American biographical drama film directed by Edward Zwick. The story is based upon David Grann's article "Trial by Fire" that appeared in "The New Yorker" in 2009. The film stars Jack O'Connell, Laura Dern, Emily Meade, Jeff Perry and Jade Pettyjohn.


title: Trial by Fire (2018 film)

text: "Trial by Fire" had its world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival on August 31, 2018 and was released on May 17, 2019, by Roadside Attractions.


title: Trial by Fire (2018 film)

text: On December 23, 1991, Cameron Todd Willingham awakes to find his house ablaze. Despite his best-efforts, Willingham is unable to save the lives of his three daughters.


title: Trial by Fire (2018 film)

text: At his trial, the prosecutor, Rick Perry, reveals the fire had been caused deliberately with gasoline spread in the shape of a pentagram and the refrigerator moved to block the door. Witnesses continue to take the stand and portray him as a violent individual. Willingham's former cellmate, Johnny Webb then takes the stand and declares Willingham told him the fire had been set deliberately. Despite impassioned pleas of Willingham's innocence by both himself and his wife Stacy, Willingham is sentenced to death.


title: Trial by Fire (2018 film)

text: During his time on death row, Willingham is violently beaten and threatened by both the inmates and then the guards before ultimately being placed in solitary confinement where he breaks down all while protesting his innocence and having flashbacks to his life with Stacy. During this it is revealed that Willingham and Stacy had a complicated relationship in which she cheated on him, and he acted violently towards her. Nevertheless, the two are shown to care for each other though Stacy ultimately stops replying to his letters at the behest of her mother who believes he is guilty. Willingham reaches out to a new lawyer, Reaves, in the hope of proving his innocence while adapting to his life in prison by submitting to the particularly violent guard Daniels and befriending fellow inmate, Ponchai James. During this time Willingham improves his vocabulary and writing with the help of James who is eventually taken from his cell and executed.


title: Trial by Fire (2018 film)

text: Willingham’s letter ultimately reaches playwright Elizabeth Gilbert who is sympathetic to his case though her ailing ex-husband and their two children both insist he is guilty. Gilbert eventually visits the prison and is taken aback by his calm demeanour with the pair connecting over their mutual struggles as parents and their love for their respective children. Willingham continues to immerse himself in art and poetry and befriends Daniels who also starts to question his innocence when he witnesses Willingham hallucinating about his daughters and reads his letters to Gilbert.


title: Trial by Fire (2018 film)

text: Gilbert questions the witness statements and Reaves who made no progress on the case in 6 years and then visits Webb who becomes erratic and threatens her when she questions him about Perry paying him to lie about Willingham’s confession. She further uncovers many of the witnesses had lied as Willingham’s execution date is set. Gilbert and Reaves then meet with Dr Hurst who reveals the refrigerator had not been moved and that the fire could not have been arson as the jury had said. Despite this Reaves is unable to argue an appeal and Hurst’s report is unjustly disregarded. Webb recants his testimony though this is covered up by Perry who is now a governor and had originally paid him to lie. Stacy is pressured into lying that Willingham had confessed to her.


title: Trial by Fire (2018 film)

text: Gilbert suffers a car crash as Willingham is taken to be executed causing her to be absent as he delivers a poignant speech showing the improvements he has made while on death row and requesting his ashes be spread over his daughter’s graves. Daniels reluctantly administers the lethal injection and tearfully watches Willingham die alongside Stacy and Reaves. Gilbert, now paralysed from her accident, spreads Willingham’s ashes with her own children present. In an epilogue the real-life Perry is seen denying any guilt over death row inmates being executed.


title: Trial by Fire (2018 film)

text: On August 8, 2017, it was announced that Jack O'Connell and Laura Dern would star in an adaptation of the article "Trial by Fire" by American journalist David Grann with Edward Zwick directing. Zwick would produce the film together with Alex Soros, Allyn Stewart and Kipp Nelson under the Bedford Falls Company and Flashlight Films banner respectively.


title: Trial by Fire (2018 film)

text: Screenwriter Geoffrey S. Fletcher, who won the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for his screenplay on "Precious", wrote the screenplay for the film.


title: Trial by Fire (2018 film)

text: Henry Jackman, who worked with Zwick on "", composed the score for the film. The soundtrack was released digitally on 17 May 2019 by Sony Classical Records.


title: Trial by Fire (2018 film)

text: "Trial by Fire" had its world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival on August 31, 2018. Shortly after, Roadside Attractions acquired distribution rights to the film and scheduled it for release on May 17, 2019.


title: Trial by Fire (2018 film)

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of based on reviews, with an average rating of . The website's critical consensus reads, ""Trial by Fire" has a worthy and heartbreaking story to tell, but this well acted dramatization is undermined by its aggressive manipulative approach." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average of score of 51 out of 100, based on 19 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".


title: Frikandel

text: A frikandel (; plural frikandellen) is a traditional snack originating from the historical Low Countries (Netherlands, Belgium and north of France), a sort of minced-meat sausage,


title: Frikandel

text: of which the modern version was developed after World War II. The history of this snack in the Spanish Netherlands goes back to the 17th century.


title: Frikandel

text: Unlike the modern frika(n)del, the historical frikandel (frickedil) is made from minced veal and generally spiced with mace, nutmeg, salt, pepper and optionally orange peel. A version without egg and breadcrumbs was cooked in a veal net.


title: Frikandel

text: The shape of the frikadel could have been phallic on purpose. The writer P.C. Hooft called 'fricadellen' a recipe for old spinsters. Also, a special version of the frikadel was served to pregnant women, according to 18th-century cookery books. It was a veal meatball containing an egg yolk, hidden and sewn into a small leaf of lettuce.


title: Frikandel

text: There is some confusion around whether frikandel should be written with or without an "n", but in essence, the frikandel and the frikadel are two different products. Until 2005 however, only the word "frikadel", was seen as the official spelling. After 2005, also the word "frikandel" was accepted (but again, it is a different product).


title: Frikandel

text: The difference between a "frikandel" and a "frikadel" is that the frikadel was invented in 1954 and the frikandel is a similar product invented in 1958 and has a different production method, yielding a smoother end-product. Currently the frikadel is no longer in production.


title: Frikandel

text: The modern frikandel is a cylindrical chewy, skinless, dark-coloured sausage-like meat product which is usually eaten warm. Unlike most sausages, the frikandel is deep-fried. In Belgium and in the north of France (Nord-Pas-de-Calais) it is called a "frikadel", "fricandelle" or "fricadelle". In some parts of Flanders (Belgium), notably around Antwerp, it is called "curryworst" (not to be confused with the German currywurst, though in eastern Germany people tend to make currywurst from skinless sausage). In the U.S. it is marketed under the "Dutch Dawg" and "Freakandel" brands. Due to the absence of a skin, one could argue that technically it is not a sausage.


title: Frikandel

text: In Belgium "frikadel" means (also raw) minced pork; it seldom contains other meat. Where the sausage is called "curryworst", the term frikadel is often used to describe a sort of meatball (the precursor of the frikandel, with the same meat), commonly eaten in Belgium, Germany and Denmark.


title: Frikandel

text: Who created the modern frikandel is contested. Some claimed it was first made by Gerrit de Vries in Dordrecht in 1954 when a law prevented him from selling his product as a meatball. He changed the name and shape instead of the recipe. Others say it was created by Jan Bekkers in Deurne in 1958, and named by him "frikandel" after he founded the Beckers factory the following year.


title: Frikandel

text: However, the present recipe with very fine mince is derived from Bekker's 1958 version. The de Vries 1954 sausage, named "fricadelle", contained chunkier minced meat and essentially was a minced meat patty shaped like a sausage.


title: Frikandel

text: In the Netherlands, northern France, Belgium and Curaçao, the frikandel consists of a mixture of mechanically separated meat, including chicken (40% or more) and pork (about 25%). In the US, it contains pork (50%), beef (35%) and non mechanically separated chicken (15%). Some manufacturers also add in a bit of horse meat. A halal version exists and contains only chicken and beef. Other ingredients are bread crumbs, thickener, herbs and spices, onion and flavour enhancers.


title: Frikandel

text: It is the most popular fast food snack in the Netherlands, followed by "kroket". According to the AKSV (the "General Association of Manufacturers of Cooking Supplies and Snacks" in the Netherlands) 600 million frikandellen are produced each year in the Netherlands. Most of these are also sold in the Netherlands, where more than 37 frikandellen are consumed per capita per year.


title: Frikandel

text: In the Netherlands, it is most often served with curry ketchup or mayonnaise, though some eat it with tomato ketchup, mustard or apple sauce. Very popular is a frikandel served together with mayonnaise, curry or ketchup and chopped raw onion: a "frikandel speciaal". The "frikandel speciaal" usually has a deep cut lengthwise through the middle to provide room for the chopped onions and the sauces. Some people prefer the taste of a frikandel if the cut is made before frying, resulting in a larger crisp surface. Sometimes the sausage is served on a bun and is then called a "broodje frikandel".


title: Frikandel

text: In Belgium and in the north of France, it is served with any sauce of choice and sold in a variety of ways, for example with onions, in a long bun, a piece of baguette, as a kebab or plain and untouched.


title: Frikandel

text: "Frikandellen" can also be included in party-packs together with other Dutch snacks such as "bitterballen", although they are significantly reduced in length. They are also often available in holiday resorts abroad which are popular with the Dutch, such as Lloret de Mar.


title: Frikandel

text: In the Netherlands, "frikandel"-eating contests are regularly held all over the country. The record for most "frikandellen" consumed in one hour was set in 2005 by Sjonnie Noordeinde of Delft, consuming 47 sausages of 80 grams each.


title: Frikandel

text: The Dutch company Vanreusel created a number of variants of the "frikandel" such as the Frikandel XXL (a larger variant of the "frikandel") in 2010 and the "loempidel" (a "frikandel" wrapped in a lumpia coat) in 2019.


title: Frikandel

text: In many other countries, including South Africa, Denmark and Germany, "frikadel" or "Frikadelle" (not to be confused with frikandel) is the local name of minced-meat meatballs or patties like those used in hamburgers. The Indonesian "perkedel" shares the same name and origin, but the primary ingredient is mashed potato.


title: Jethro Tull (agriculturist)

text: Jethro Tull (baptised 30 March 1674 – 21 February 1741, New Style) was an English agriculturist from Berkshire who helped to bring about the British Agricultural Revolution of the 18th century. He perfected a horse-drawn seed drill in 1701 that economically sowed the seeds in neat rows, and later developed a horse-drawn hoe. Tull's methods were adopted by many landowners and helped to provide the basis for modern agriculture.


title: Jethro Tull (agriculturist)

text: Tull was probably born in Basildon, Berkshire, to Jethro Tull, Sr, and his wife Dorothy, "née" Buckeridge. He was baptised there on 30 March 1674. He grew up in Bradfield, Berkshire and matriculated at St John's College, Oxford, at the age of 17. He trained for the legal profession, but appears not to have taken a degree. He became a member of Staple Inn, and was called to the bar on 11 December 1693 by the benchers of Gray's Inn.


title: Jethro Tull (agriculturist)

text: Tull married Susanna Smith of Burton Dassett, Warwickshire. They settled on his father's farm at Howberry, near Crowmarsh Gifford, Oxfordshire, where they had one son and two daughters.


title: Jethro Tull (agriculturist)

text: Soon after his call to the bar, Tull became ill with a pulmonary disorder and travelled to Europe in search of a cure. He was for a considerable period at Montpellier in the south of France. During his tour, Tull carefully compared the agriculture of France and Italy with that of his own country, and omitted no occasion to observe and note everything which supported his own views and discoveries. On more than one occasion, he alluded in his work to the similarity of his own horse-hoe husbandry to the practice followed by the vine-dressers of the south of Europe in constantly hoeing or otherwise stirring their ground. Finding that they did not approve of dunging their vineyards, Tull readily adduced the fact in favour of his own favourite theory: that manuring soil is an unnecessary operation. Returning to England, in 1709 he took into his own hands the farm called Prosperous, at Shalbourne (then in Berkshire, now in Wiltshire). Here, resuming the agricultural efforts he had commenced earlier, he wrote his "Horse-hoeing Husbandry" (1731).


title: Jethro Tull (agriculturist)

text: At a later period (1730–1740), Tull devoted all his energies to promote the introduction of this machine, "more especially as it admitted the use of the hoe."