title: Albertosaurus

text: The fauna of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation is well-known, as vertebrate fossils, including those of dinosaurs, are quite common. Sharks, rays, sturgeons, bowfins, gars and the gar-like "Aspidorhynchus" made up the fish fauna. Mammals included multituberculates and the marsupial "Didelphodon". The saltwater plesiosaur "Leurospondylus" has been found in marine sediments in the Horseshoe Canyon, while freshwater environments were populated by turtles, "Champsosaurus", and crocodilians like "Leidyosuchus" and "Stangerochampsa". Dinosaurs dominate the fauna, especially hadrosaurs, which make up half of all dinosaurs known, including the genera "Edmontosaurus", "Saurolophus" and "Hypacrosaurus". Ceratopsians and ornithomimids were also very common, together making up another third of the known fauna. Along with much rarer ankylosaurians and pachycephalosaurs, all of these animals would have been prey for a diverse array of carnivorous theropods, including troodontids, dromaeosaurids, and caenagnathids. Intermingled with the "Albertosaurus" remains of the Dry Island bonebed, the bones of the small theropod "Albertonykus" were found. Adult "Albertosaurus" were the apex predators in this environment, with intermediate niches possibly filled by juvenile albertosaurs.


title: James Forsyth (journalist)

text: James Forsyth (born 1981) is a British political journalist and political editor of "The Spectator" magazine. He is also a weekly columnist for "The Times" on a Friday, previously writing for "The Sun" on Saturdays and previously the "Mail on Sunday".


title: James Forsyth (journalist)

text: Forsyth joined "Foreign Policy" magazine as assistant editor before launching Coffee House, "The Spectator"'s political blog, in 2007. He was appointed deputy editor, online, of "The Spectator" in 2008 and political editor in 2009.


title: James Forsyth (journalist)

text: Forsyth has been married to the journalist Allegra Stratton since 2011. She was appointed as the Downing Street Press Secretary under Prime Minister Boris Johnson in November 2020. They live in Canonbury in Islington with their two children. He is close friends with Prime Minister and Conservative Party leader Rishi Sunak; they were contemporaries at Winchester College and are godparents to each other's children. Sunak was also best man at Forsyth’s wedding to Stratton in 2011.


title: Volkswagen Corrado

text: The Volkswagen Corrado is a compact four passenger (2+2), three door, front-engine, front-wheel-drive liftback coupe marketed by Volkswagen from 1988 until 1995, and manufactured by Karmann in Osnabrück, Germany.


title: Volkswagen Corrado

text: Designed by Herbert Schäfer, the Corrado overlapped and eventually superseded Volkswagen's Scirocco model. 97,521 Corrados were manufactured over the seven year production run.


title: Volkswagen Corrado

text: The Corrado's floorpan is based on the A2 platform (i.e. Mark 2 Golf/Jetta) and, with the exception of VR6 models, all versions use the subframes, suspension, steering and braking components from the Volkswagen A2 platform model range.


title: Volkswagen Corrado

text: The VR6 uses suspension components from the A3 model range, including the rear axle assembly and some parts of the A3's 'plus' type front axle assembly. The subsequent wider front wheel track of the Corrado VR6 necessitated the fitting of new front wings with wider wheel arches and liners along with a new front bumper assembly.


title: Volkswagen Corrado

text: The Corrado is noted for its flush mounted windows and active rear spoiler – which raises automatically when the car exceeds ( in the North American market), automatically retracts at speeds below or can be manually controlled by the driver.


title: Volkswagen Corrado

text: Launched in the end of 1988 (three years before the end of Scirocco production), all Corrados were front-wheel drive and featured petrol engines. The Corrado debuted with two engine choices: a 1.8 litre 16-valve inline four with (KR), and a supercharged 1.8 litre eight valve inline four, marketed as the G60 and delivering .


title: Volkswagen Corrado

text: The Corrado G60 is named for the "G Lader" with which it is equipped, a scroll supercharger whose interior resembles the letter "G".


title: Volkswagen Corrado

text: There were also two special models of the G60. The G60 Jet was an economy version for the German market only, thought to be a run out model before the introduction of the VR6. This model was only available in four colours and featured a colour coded interior. Volkswagen could not confirm production numbers for the Jet model.


title: Volkswagen Corrado

text: Another variant is Volkswagen Motorsport (VWMS) Corrado 16V G60. Although the 16-valve engine combined with the original G-Lader was appreciated within the enthusiast community, the model never saw series production. It is generally believed that only two factory built examples were manufactured, both in Nugget Yellow.


title: Volkswagen Corrado

text: Volkswagen introduced two new engines for 1992. The first was a naturally aspirated 2.0 litre, 16-valve inline four, basically a further development of the 1.8 litre engine; this engine was not made available to the North American market.


title: Volkswagen Corrado

text: The second was the 12-valve VR6 engine, which came in two variants: a 2.8 litre model for the United States and Canadian markets, and a producing at 5,800 rpm and at 4,200 rpm of torque version for the European market, fuel feed by Bosch Motronic 2.7 fuel injection. In the United States, the model VR6 was marketed as the "Corrado SLC" (sport luxury coupe).


title: Volkswagen Corrado

text: Upon revising the engine, Volkswagen updated the styling with a new front grill and foglamps. With the introduction of the VR6 engine, the G60 engine disappeared from the North American market after 1992 and European market in 1993. The VR6 engine provided a compromise between both V shaped and straight engines by placing the two cylinder banks at an angle of 15°, with a single cylinder head.


title: Volkswagen Corrado

text: This design allowed engineers to fit a six cylinder engine into roughly the space previously occupied by four cylinder engines, while closely approaching the smoothness of a straight six design. 1994 was the last model year of the Corrado in the United States.


title: Volkswagen Corrado

text: A 2.0 litre 8-valve model was produced in Europe in 1995. A limited edition only for the United Kingdom, the Corrado Storm, was also sold. Some discreet "Storm" badging, a colour keyed front grille, an additional Storm badge on the gear gaiter surround (an upgrade from the standard Karmann badge), 15 inch BBS "Solitude" alloy wheels, and standard fitment of some previously optional items (such as the leather heated front seats) differentiated this model from the base Corrado VR6.


title: Volkswagen Corrado

text: Only five hundred were produced: 250 in Classic Green with a cream leather interior, and 250 in Mystic Blue, a colour unique to the Storm, with a black leather interior.


title: Volkswagen Corrado

text: An extremely rare special edition named the Corrado Campaign was launched and produced in 1992 only and was based on the first of the VR6 models, only 6 models were produced with just 4 cars surviving as of 2022. The Campaign model was unique with Dusty Mauve Pearl Effect paint and a red brick leather interior. They were built as a prize as part of a dealer incentive to sell the most Karmann produced vehicles and all 6 cars were given to the top 6 dealerships in the United Kingdom as a bonus


title: Volkswagen Corrado

text: The Corrado was offered in Japan at Yanase dealerships that specialize in North American and European vehicles, offering the 1.8 L engine with either the automatic or manual transmission. The larger VR6 would have been considerably more expensive to tax, as the engine was over two liters' displacement.


title: Volkswagen Corrado

text: "Auto Express" magazine describe it as "Regarded as one of VW’s best ever drivers’ cars". The VR6 model was listed as one of the "25 Cars You Must Drive Before You Die" by the British magazine "Car", and 'By far the most desirable version of the Corrado' by "Auto Express".


title: Volkswagen Corrado

text: In MSN Autos 'Cool Cars We Miss' feature they listed the Corrado among the top eight "Gone but not forgotten: a short list of cars once loved, still missed", describing it in the following manner: "The VW Corrado VR6 is coveted because of its seductive styling, road handling capabilities and its role as trailblazer, introducing the VR6 to the American market."


title: Volkswagen Corrado

text: In 1988, in the first incarnation of the BBC television show "Top Gear", racing car driver and presenter Tiff Needell reviewed the Corrado in G60 form, giving it a positive review and stating that "Handling wise, the Corrado is classic front wheel drive, and it's really very, very good indeed." In November 2003, in Series 3 of the relaunched "Top Gear", Richard Hammond identified the Corrado as a future classic, "a kind of classic waiting in the wings... I think it's really rather special... the result is fantastic," but countered with the comment that it "was too expensive, and nobody bought it."


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: Twin Falls is the county seat and largest city of Twin Falls County, Idaho, United States. The city had a population of 51,807 as of the 2020 census. In the Magic Valley region, Twin Falls is the largest city in a radius, and is the regional commercial center for south-central Idaho and northeastern It is the principal city of the Twin Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area, which officially includes the entirety of Twin Falls and Jerome The border town resort community of Jackpot, Nevada, south at the state line, is unofficially considered part of the greater Located on a broad plain at the south rim of the Snake River Canyon, Twin Falls is where daredevil Evel Knievel attempted to jump across the canyon in 1974 on a steam-powered rocket. The jump site is northeast of central Twin Falls, midway between Shoshone Falls and the Perrine Bridge.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: Excavations at Wilson Butte Cave near Twin Falls in 1959 revealed evidence of human activity, including arrowheads, that rank among the oldest dated artifacts in North America. Later Native American tribes predominant in the area included the Northern Shoshone and Bannock.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: The first people of European ancestry to visit the Twin Falls area are believed to be members of a group led by American Wilson Price Hunt, which attempted to blaze an all-water trail westward from St. Louis, Missouri, to Astoria, Oregon, in 1811 and 1812. Hunt's expedition met with disaster: much of his expedition was destroyed and one man was killed in rapids on the Snake River known as Caldron Linn near present-day Murtaugh. Hunt and the surviving members of his expedition completed the journey to Astoria by land.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: In 1812 and 1813, Robert Stuart successfully led an overland expedition eastward from Astoria to St. Louis, which passed through the Twin Falls area. Stuart's route formed the basis of what became the Oregon Trail. Some 150 years later, Robert Stuart Middle School in Twin Falls was named in his honor.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: The first permanent settlement in the area was a stage stop established in 1864 at Rock Creek near the present-day townsite. By 1890 there were a handful of successful agricultural operations in the Snake River Canyon, but the lack of infrastructure and the canyon's geography made irrigating the dry surrounding area improbable at best.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: To address this issue, in 1900 I. B. Perrine founded the Twin Falls Land and Water Company, largely to build an irrigation canal system for the area. After an August 1900 area survey of , in October 1900 the company was granted the necessary water rights to begin construction of the irrigation system. Several lots in the surveyed area were set aside specifically for future townsites. These lots eventually became the settlements of Twin Falls, Kimberly, Buhl, Filer, Hansen and Murtaugh. In 1902, the project nearly failed as most of the original investors pulled out, with only Salt Lake businessman Stanley Milner maintaining a stake in the company.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: By 1903, Perrine, who had been a successful farmer and rancher in the Snake River Canyon, had obtained private financing from Milner and others under the provisions of the Carey Act of 1894 to build a dam on the Snake River near Caldron Linn. Completed in 1905, Milner Dam and its accompanying canals made commercial irrigation outside the Snake River Canyon practical for the first time. As a result, Perrine is generally credited as the founder of Twin Falls.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: A land drawing was held for the future townsite in July 1903 with disappointing results. A much more successful drawing was held in October 1904. Twin Falls city was founded in 1904 as a planned community, designed by celebrated Franco-American architect Emmanuel Louis Masqueray, with proceeds from sales of townsite lots going toward construction of irrigation canals. Twin Falls was incorporated as a village on April 12, 1905. The city is named for a nearby waterfall on the Snake River of the same name. In 1907, Twin Falls became the seat of the newly formed Twin Falls County.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: The original townsite follows a unique design. It is laid out on northeast-to-southwest and northwest-to-southeast roads. It is purported that the reason this was done was to allow sunlight to come into every room in the home at some point during the day. The northwest-to-southeast roads were numbered and called avenues, while the northeast-to-southwest roads were numbered and called streets. Only two central streets, the northwest-to-southeast Main Avenue and the northeast-to-southwest Shoshone Street, were named. This system created situations where one side of a street may have an entirely different address than the other, and where the corner of "3rd and 3rd," for example, was in more than one location. In 2003 the numbered northeast-to-southwest streets were renamed to alleviate decades of confusion. Later city roads, such as Blue Lakes Boulevard, Addison Avenue, and Washington Street, are laid out in standard north–south and east–west orientations. Addison Avenue honors Addison T. Smith a ten-term congressman from


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: After Milner Dam was constructed agricultural production in south-central Idaho increased substantially. In 1909, the privately owned Twin Falls Land and Water Company was reorganized as the shareholder-owned Twin Falls Canal Company. Twin Falls became a major regional economic center serving the agriculture industry, a role which it has sustained to the present day. The city became a processing center for several agricultural commodities, notably beans and sugar beets. In later years other food processing operations augmented the local economy. By 1960, Twin Falls had become one of Idaho's largest cities even though its origins were still within living memory for many.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: Twin Falls became the center of national attention in September 1974, when daredevil Evel Knievel attempted to jump the Snake River Canyon in a specially modified rocket cycle. Watched by millions on closed-circuit television on a Sunday afternoon, the attempt ultimately failed due to high winds and a premature deployment of Knievel's parachute. The launch ramp's foundation lies on private land on the canyon's south rim. Less than two miles west (3 km) of Shoshone Falls, it is still visible ().


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: During the last quarter of the 20th century, gradual diversification of the agriculture-based economy allowed the city to continue to grow. Major Twin Falls employers in 2006 included computer maker Dell, Inc., Glanbia, and Jayco, a recreational vehicle manufacturer. In September 2009, Dell announced it would close its Twin Falls facility by January 2010. Later in 2010, the call center company C3 opened a facility in the former Dell location.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: In recent years, Twin Falls has become quite multicultural. Thanks in large part to a refugee center operated by the College of Southern Idaho, since 1995 significant numbers of people from Bosnia and Herzegovina and the former Soviet Union have settled in Twin Falls. The city also has a sizable Hispanic population.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: Twin Falls is one of only three Idaho cities which has a council-manager form of government. The seven-member Twin Falls City Council is directly elected in non-partisan municipal elections to four-year terms. The mayor, who holds little executive power, is periodically selected among current city council members to chair meetings and is "considered the official representative of the city." City council meetings are usually held on Mondays.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: The city's day-to-day operations are overseen by a city manager, who is appointed by the city council. The city government through various citizen boards oversees parks and recreation, planning and zoning, sanitation and garbage collection, street maintenance, wastewater collection, and maintains police and fire departments. Twin Falls Public Library, Twin Falls Municipal Golf Course and Joslin Field-Magic Valley Regional Airport are also under the city's jurisdiction.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: Twin Falls is home to the College of Southern Idaho (CSI), a large community college in the northwestern part of the city. The three state universities (Boise State University, Idaho State University, and the University of Idaho) offer classes on the CSI campus. The nursing program received money from the 2007-2008 state budget to construct a state of the art nursing facility which complements the nursing program. The CSI men's basketball team won its third NJCAA Division I Championship in March 2011.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: Public schools are administered by the Twin Falls School District, including Twin Falls High School, Canyon Ridge High School, the alternative Magic Valley High School, three middle schools and nine elementary schools. The superintendent of these is Brady Dickinson and assistant superintendent Bill Brulotte. Also, Twin Falls is home to Xavier Charter School and the district was awarded best title 1C district in the state.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: On March 14, 2006, registered voters approved a bond to build an additional high school. A citywide contest was held to determine the school's nickname. In November 2006, the Twin Falls School Board selected "River Hawks," thus officially giving birth to the Canyon Ridge High School River Hawks. Also on the bond were plans to make general improvements to existing school facilities and to convert the junior high schools to middle schools. These projects were completed for the 2009–10 school year. The addition of Canyon Ridge High School meant that the student population was split nearly in half. Athletics for both schools are designated 4A rather than 5A by IHSAA


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: Private schools include Lighthouse Christian School, Xavier Charter School, St. Edward's Catholic School and Twin Falls Christian Academy.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: Twin Falls, the state's 7th largest city, is the fastest growing city in South-Central Idaho. As of April 2011 unemployment in Twin Falls county stood at 9.5%, below Idaho's average of 9.6%. From 1998 to 2007 the unemployment rate was steadily decreasing, to a low of just under 2%. Then, in tandem with the national economy, the unemployment rate increased to nearly 9.5% as of April 2011.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: Twin Falls is the home of cheese producer Glanbia Foods, a major American division of the Irish food company Glanbia plc.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: Falls Brand, another award-winning food company, is located in the southern part of Twin Falls. In early 2011, Falls Brands' Old Fashioned Basque Chorizo sausage won the "Hold The Mustard" award presented by the National Meat Association (NMA) every year during their annual "NMA Annual Gourmet Sausagefest."


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: Another mainstay is The College of Southern Idaho (CSI). Boasting a student-population of 3,433 students, this Junior College may be an alternative for students not yet ready to attend a four-year university. Many students are from out-of-state and live in CSI's residential halls.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: Other large employers include Amalgamated Sugar Company, makers of White Satin sugar; and Lamb Weston, which has a food processing plant located in west Twin Falls. It employs 500 residents and its annual revenue is about $100 million per annum.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: In spite of a troubled national economy, Twin Falls has seen rapid development since 2006. Many major retail outlets have opened stores in Twin Falls between 2006 and 2011.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: In November 2009, a new Walmart Supercenter opened, bringing to the region an estimated 100 additional jobs. Less than a year later, in October 2010, C3, a customer call center, opened in the former Dell facility. It was a large boost to an already busy economy, providing close to 1,000 jobs. In July 2011 C3 announced it was filling another 300 C3 jobs in Twin Falls due to brisk business.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: Creating 40-50 new jobs, Magic Valley Cinema 13 constructed a new theater equipped with D-BOX seating. The new entertainment center was developed in association with the unprecedented growth in the Magic Valley.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: In response to a growing population base, Twin Falls County voters voted to construct a new hospital in the northwest section of Twin Falls to replace the city's existing hospital. In spring 2011 the new 700,000 sq/ft. facility, St. Luke's Magic Valley, was opened. One of the features of the new hospital is that all 186 rooms are private with family accommodations.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: Other businesses which have recently opened locations in Twin Falls include Five Guys Burgers and Fries, Buffalo Wild Wings, and Coldwater Creek. Wanting to catch some momentum a movement has begun to rebuild downtown in hopes of moving some business back to where it originated.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: Twin Falls hosted the 2012 Idaho Republican Party convention, which was expected to create more positive economic activity.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: China Mountain Wind, LLC. has proposed and may construct a wind farm after the Environmental Impacts are weighed. Twin Falls County can expect to generate $33.4 million in tax revenues. Local schools and services will receive a portion of the tax revenue. The construction of the wind farm will bring to the area 396-749 full and part-time jobs during construction and 24-46 new jobs to maintain the facility.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: Chobani Yogurt Company, in 2012, opened the world's largest yogurt manufacturing plant providing an additional 300 jobs to the Twin Falls community.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: Twin Falls had the first live call-in radio show in the United States. Called "Party Line," the show was hosted by L. James Koutnik on KLIX. The FCC attempted to time delay the program, but Koutnik and station owner Charlie Tuma thwarted their efforts and continued to allow live callers on the air.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: Twin Falls is the largest city in Idaho that is not directly on the Interstate Highway System; it is served by several major highways, including U.S. Route 30 and U.S. Route 93. Access to nearby Interstate 84 is across the canyon via the Perrine Bridge (U.S. 93); the junction is approximately north, in Jerome County. State Highway 74 provides direct access from downtown Twin Falls to southbound locations on U.S. 93, including Hollister and Rogerson, then crosses into Nevada at Jackpot and continues to a junction with Interstate 80 at Wells.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: Trans IV, a small public transportation system operated by the College of Southern Idaho, is also available.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: Limited commercial air service is provided at Magic Valley Regional Airport, also known as Joslin Field. As of August 2017, daily flights to Salt Lake City are available from Delta Connection (fulfilled by SkyWest Airlines) using the Canadair CRJ200. Twice-weekly service to Las Vegas was previously operated by Allegiant Air, but the airline discontinued the route in January 2012, citing insufficient ticket prices.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: The Snake River Canyon forms the city's northern limits, separating it from Jerome County. There are three waterfalls in the immediate area. Shoshone Falls is located approximately east of Twin Falls city. Pillar Falls is located approximately upstream from the Perrine Bridge while Twin Falls, the city's namesake, is located upstream of Shoshone Falls.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: The Perrine Bridge, which spans the Snake River Canyon immediately north of the city, is one of only a handful of artificial structures worldwide where BASE jumping is legal. In September 2005 Miles Daisher of Twin Falls set a BASE jumping world record by jumping off Perrine Bridge 57 times in a 24-hour period. In July 2006 Dan Schilling jumped off the bridge 201 times in 21 hours to raise money for charity. Unlike Daisher, Schilling was hoisted to the top of the bridge by a crane after every jump.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: Monthly temperature averages in Twin Falls range from in January to in July, with lows below freezing from December through March. Highs reach on average 18.8 days per year, but very rarely exceed . Winter snowfall averages per year, though much heavier amounts have fallen. However, in Twin Falls proper after an average snowfall it is uncommon to see more than six inches of snow on streets and sidewalks. Summer and autumn months are very dry in Twin Falls, with less than inch of precipitation falling each month between June and October. It is not uncommon to experience fast moving, intense electrical storms common in the deserts of the southwestern U.S..


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: According to 2009 estimates from the United States Census Bureau, the population swelled to 42,741, an increase of nearly 20% from the 2000 United States Census, with an average household size of 3.20 residents. There were 9,422 owner-occupied homes with an average value, as of 2009, of $136,000.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: The population density is 3,743 people per square mile. The racial makeup of the city is 92.0% White, 0.5% Black, 0.9% Native American, 1.0% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 2.9% from other races, and 2.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.3% of the population.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: There were 15,458 households, out of which 34.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.0% were married couples living together, 12.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.1% were non-families. 26.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.20.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.5% under the age of 14, 15.6% from 15 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 13.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.8 males.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: The median income for a household in the city was $40,970 and the mean income for a family was $49,295.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: As of the census of 2010, there were 44,125 people, 16,744 households, and 11,011 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 18,033 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 88.5% White, 0.7% African American, 0.8% Native American, 1.8% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 5.7% from other races, and 2.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.1% of the population.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: There were 16,744 households, of which 35.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.3% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.2% were non-families. 26.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.13.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: The median age in the city was 31.9 years. 27% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.5% were from 25 to 44; 21.4% were from 45 to 64; and 13.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.7% male and 51.3% female.


title: Twin Falls, Idaho

text: Notable musicians who spent parts of their childhood in the Twin Falls area include Gary Puckett, Paul Durham of Black Lab, Nikki Sixx of Mötley Crüe, and Doug Martsch of Built to Spill.


title: B.J. Blazkowicz

text: William Joseph "B.J." Blazkowicz () is a fictional character and the protagonist of the "Wolfenstein" series of alternate history video games starting with 1992's "Wolfenstein 3D". An American spy of Polish and Jewish descent, he specializes in one-man missions behind enemy lines. In addition to fighting the regular German army he also frequently encounters bizarre Nazi experiments concerning biomechanical technology and the occult.


title: B.J. Blazkowicz

text: Blazkowicz was born in August 1911 in the United States to Polish-American father Rip Blazkowicz and Jewish American mother Zofia Blazkowicz, and grew up near Mesquite, Texas. During World War II, B.J. became a sergeant in the U.S. Army Rangers, before receiving his commanding officer's commission and being recruited as the top agent for the United States Office of Secret Actions (OSA), a fictional version of the Office of Strategic Services, who dispatched him to investigate rumors of occult activity by the Third Reich's SS Paranormal Division (inspired by the real-world Ahnenerbe institute and the Thule Society).


title: B.J. Blazkowicz

text: B.J. is a large, muscular man who stands tall and weighs , and has dark-blonde hair, blue eyes, and a strong jaw.


title: B.J. Blazkowicz

text: The original timeline states that after World War II, in 1951 he married Julia Marie Peterson and reared a son named Arthur, who married a lady named Susan Elizabeth McMichaels and then came to have their own son who is the namesake of his grandfather. He would eventually star under a pseudonym, Billy Blaze, throughout the entire "Commander Keen" series. Billy Blaze later became the father of Doomguy, protagonist of the "Doom" series.


title: B.J. Blazkowicz

text: In the MachineGames timeline, he married Anya Oliwa; and fathered twin daughters, Jessie and Zofia, who continued to battle Nazis in the 1980s.


title: B.J. Blazkowicz

text: B.J. Blazkowicz entered the "Wolfenstein" series with "Wolfenstein 3D" in 1992. The motion comic series created to promote 2009's "Wolfenstein" claims a continuous (partially retconned) timeline with "Wolfenstein 3D", "Spear of Destiny", "Return to Castle Wolfenstein", and finally "Wolfenstein" (later continued in "", "" and "").


title: B.J. Blazkowicz

text: The missions that Blazkowicz participates in include assassinating a series of fictional leaders of German bio-chemical warfare research programs and eventually killing Adolf Hitler himself in "Wolfenstein 3D", defeating the Nazi plot to use the Spear of Destiny to summon the Angel of Death in "Spear of Destiny", and foiling Heinrich Himmler's ritual to resurrect Heinrich I (a historical king from medieval German history, here portrayed as an evil necromancer) in "Return to Castle Wolfenstein," wherein he also finds out about Wilhelm "Deathshead" Strasse's plan to create an army of undead cyborgs.


title: B.J. Blazkowicz

text: In 2009's "Wolfenstein", he returns to fight the resurgent Fourth Reich's use of a highly destructive energy of great power from the parallel world known as the Black Sun dimension, which is again pitting him against Deathshead.


title: B.J. Blazkowicz

text: "The New Order" establishes a new timeline that alters the previously perceived post-war profile, where Captain Blazkowicz suffers a head injury in 1946 that leaves him in a vegetative state for 14 years in a Polish asylum. In 1960, Blazkowicz awakens from his vegetative state as he is about to be executed, and joins the resistance against the Nazis who have conquered the whole world and who include his old nemesis Wilhelm "Deathshead" Strasse.


title: B.J. Blazkowicz

text: This storyline is continued in "" which directly follows up on the last events of "" where Blazkowicz nearly dies of grenade fragmentation injuries in the final battle but promptly gets evacuated by Anya Oliwa and the surviving Kreisau resistance members under the helm of Caroline Becker. Blazkowicz spends the next five months in a coma as a result of his grave wounds.


title: B.J. Blazkowicz

text: In the intro of "The New Colossus," the player experiences memories of Blazkowicz's struggles during his youth with his abusive father. When Blazkowicz wakes up from his coma, he finds himself in an Kreisau occupied Nazi undersea vessel that is being attacked by the Nazis as Frau Engel has been hunting him down and effectively has taken over the commanding role after General Deathshead was assassinated by Blazkowicz.


title: B.J. Blazkowicz

text: Following the long history of Nazi killings, B.J. Blazkowicz was nicknamed "Terror Billy" by Nazi Order which becomes more apparent as the story progresses. In the past five months, The United States of America has surrendered to the Nazi Order and it's up to the Kreisau Circle to gather the thinly stretched underground Nazi resistance groups all over the United States. Also in "The New Colossus", a German Jewish scientist, Set Roth, rescues B.J.'s head after he was beheaded by Frau Engel at the Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C. on live-television, then attaches it with a Nazi-made Super Soldier's body which allows him to fight again.


title: B.J. Blazkowicz

text: In the spinoff "", an aged Blazkowicz goes missing and it's up to his daughters to track him down and rescue him.


title: B.J. Blazkowicz

text: "Wolfenstein RPG" is set in an alternate timeline, which is mostly light-hearted and humorous, and serves as prequel to the "Doom" series. At the end, B.J. defeats and maims the Harbinger of Doom, a Nazi-summoned demon that is none other than the later Cyberdemon from "Doom". Blazkowicz's descendant is Sergeant Stan Blazkowicz, the protagonist of "Doom RPG" and one of the protagonists of "Doom II RPG". B.J. Blazkowicz himself was also supposed to star in an early sequel "Rise of the Triad: Wolfenstein 3D Part II", which was eventually released as just "Rise of the Triad" with no "Wolfenstein" plot connection at all.


title: B.J. Blazkowicz

text: In the 2005 German film "Der Goldene Nazivampir von Absam 2 – Das Geheimnis von Schloß Kottlitz", William B.J. Blazkowicz, portrayed by Daniel Krauss, tracks down Nazi scientists in secret laboratories located in the Austrian Alps in order to disclose the secret of "miracle weapons" involving Dracula's bones and to find that events occurring in the Kottlitz Castle are beyond imagination. In 2007, Samuel Hadida bought the rights to make a more direct adaptation of the game series and Roger Avary was given task to write and direct the project that was said to be the story of B.J. Blazkowicz's mission to Hitler's Wolf's Lair.


title: B.J. Blazkowicz

text: In May 2012, to celebrate the 20th anniversary of "Wolfenstein 3-D", Bethesda Softworks released a free B.J. Xbox Live Avatar mask over on the series' Facebook page. Classic B.J. Blazkowicz Mask was made a purchasable item for "Doom" at Xbox Live Marketplace.


title: B.J. Blazkowicz

text: In June 2017, Blazkowicz was added to "Quake Champions" as a playable champion. His in-game abilities include dual gun wielding and limited auto-healing.


title: B.J. Blazkowicz

text: In the 2019 movie "", a group of Marines travel to a base on a moon of Mars. The first body they find is identified as "William Blazkowicz", a Marine stationed on the base. In a nod to the Wolfenstein game, his body was decapitated, alluding to the events of "Wolfenstein II: The New Colossus", when his decapitated head was placed on a German synthetic body to resurrect him. The Marine that finds him also comments on having to tell Blazkowicz's family about his death, a vague reference to his descendants.


title: B.J. Blazkowicz

text: The character has been well received. In 2008, IGN included B.J. Blazkowicz on the list of characters they would like to see in an ultimate fighting game, calling him "the soldier who fired the first shot in the first-person-shooter wars", as well as in an ultimate "zombie strike team" of the best zombie fighters in entertainment. IGN also listed him as first on a list of top commandos in video games, as "really, there's no greater victory for a commando than killing Hitler. Kudos, Blazkowicz." In 2012, GamesRadar ranked him as 93rd "most memorable, influential, and badass" protagonist in video games." In an updated list published in 2018, "GamesRadar" ranked him the 9th best heroic character in video games.


title: B.J. Blazkowicz

text: UGO.com featured Blazkowicz on the list of the greatest Jews in gaming: "Being the Nazi-hating son of Polish immigrants does make B.J. a candidate, but his Judaism remains woefully unconfirmed. For all the Nazis he's chain-gunned through, B.J. deserves a framed honorary Jew certificate." The website Jew or Not Jew opined "he's probably just a Nazi-killing Pole." Kotaku's Stephen Totilo wrote that "the hints are" in "The New Order" that Blazkowicz is Jewish, such as his knowledge of written Hebrew. When Totilo contacted Bethesda Softworks, they told him it is "never explicitly stated" and the developer MachineGames decided to "leave it up to the player to interpret." The character's designer, Tom Hall, later confirmed that Blazkowicz's mother was Jewish.


title: B.J. Blazkowicz

text: According to Spike's Jason Cipriano, ""The New Order" seems to be the first game that really gives the character some depth, and instead of just being another American, hell-bent on ending the Nazi regime Blazkowicz seems like he's a more multilayered character. B.J. has friends, a love interest, and a deeper reason to take down the Nazis: this time around he's not just trying to win a war - he's trying to save the world." Anthony John Agnello of The A.V. Club noted MachineGames strived "to render Blazkowicz as a whole human being—at least, as human as he can be when he’s killing literally thousands of people, robots, dogs, and robot dogs." GamesRadar's Ryan Taljonick opined B.J. [has become] a pretty interesting character, and delivers several internal monologues with just the right amount of drama" while Brian Bloom's "fantastic voicework makes them believable." In his review of "The New Order", Lee Cooper of Hardcore Gamer wrote that "where it succeeds beyond the basest point is in its execution of characters, particularly Blazkowicz himself, who offers no more depth than porta potty but somehow manages to shine as leading man" and "the grittiest, manliest, most absolute Nazi-killin’ machine."


title: Tom Colicchio

text: Thomas Patrick Colicchio (; born August 15, 1962) is an American celebrity chef. He co-founded the Gramercy Tavern in New York City, and formerly served as a co-owner and as the executive chef. He is also the founder of Crafted Hospitality, which includes Craft (NYC and Los Angeles), Riverpark (NYC), Temple Court (NYC), Craftsteak (MGM Grand Las Vegas), Heritage Steak (Mirage Las Vegas) and Small Batch (Long Island) restaurants. Colicchio is the recipient of five James Beard Foundation Awards for cooking accomplishments.


title: Tom Colicchio

text: He has been the head judge on every season of Bravo reality TV show "Top Chef" as well as "Best New Restaurant" which he also executive produces. Colicchio has also been a featured chef on "Great Chefs" shows.


title: Tom Colicchio

text: Colicchio was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey, the middle son of Beverly Ann (née Corvelli) and Thomas Patrick Colicchio. He has an older brother Michael and a younger brother Philip John. His father was a union organizer. He is of Italian descent on both sides. He graduated in 1980 from Elizabeth High School.


title: Tom Colicchio

text: In July 1994, Colicchio and his partner Danny Meyer opened the Gramercy Tavern in the Gramercy Park neighborhood of Manhattan. It was voted Most Popular Restaurant in New York City by the Zagat Survey in 2003 and 2005. He sold his interest in 2006 and is no longer affiliated with the restaurant. In spring 2001, he opened the first Craft restaurant one block south of Gramercy Tavern. A year later, he opened the first Craftsteak at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas. In 2003, he began the first , his sandwich shop. In 2010, he opened Colicchio & Sons, and also Riverpark. Shortly after the September 11 attacks, Colicchio volunteered serving food to rescue workers at Ground Zero.


title: Tom Colicchio

text: Colicchio has written three cookbooks. He, Jeff Bridges, and Raj Patel appeared in the documentary film "A Place at the Table" released in the U.S. on March 1, 2013. The movie was directed by his wife Lori Silverbush. He is also Executive Producer of "A Place At The Table".


title: Tom Colicchio

text: Colicchio serves on the Food Council at City Harvest and the Culinary Council at Food Bank for New York City, two hunger-relief organizations.


title: Tom Colicchio

text: Colicchio has been involved with "Top Chef" since its beginning in 2006, where he has served as head judge.


title: Tom Colicchio

text: He is also the main consulting producer on Bravo's "Top Chef" spin-off series entitled "Top Chef Masters". He also won an Emmy Award in 2010 for Outstanding Reality-Competition Programming as an executive producer of "Top Chef", on which he appears.


title: Tom Colicchio

text: Colicchio was the host of the reality series "Best New Restaurant" (an adaptation of the British reality show "Ramsay's Best Restaurant") in 2015.


title: Tom Colicchio

text: Colicchio appeared in the fifth episode of the first season of HBO's "Treme" as himself along with fellow chefs Eric Ripert, David Chang and Wylie Dufresne. He made another cameo in Season 2 alongside Ripert. In 2011, he made cameos in the Season 23 premiere episode of "The Simpsons", "The Falcon and the D'ohman," and "The Smurfs".


title: Tom Colicchio

text: In June 2020, Colicchio launched his podcast, "Citizen Chef" via the iHeartRadio Podcast Network. The seasonal series deals with issues of food, politics, policy and citizenship.


title: Tom Colicchio

text: He has three sons: Dante (born 1993), his child with an ex-girlfriend, and his two children with Silverbush, Luka Bodhi (born 2009) and Mateo Lev (born 2011).


title: Oh My Dog

text: Oh My Dog is a 2022 Indian Tamil-language children's comedy drama film written and directed by debutant Sarov Shanmugam. Produced by Suriya and Jyothika under the 2D Entertainment banner, the film stars Arun Vijay and his son Arnav Vijay in his debut with Vinay Rai, Mahima Nambiar and Vijayakumar in the supporting roles. The film's music and score is composed by Nivas K. Prasanna, with cinematography handled by Gopinath and editing done by Meghanathan. The film was released on the digital streaming platform Amazon Prime Video on 21 April 2022.


title: Oh My Dog

text: The story sets in Tamilnadu, where Arjun lives with his parents Shankar and Priya, as well as his paternal grandfather Shanmugam. Arjun takes a liking toward animals. Fernando Lee is the owner of many dogs and has won the International Dog Competition 6 years in a row. Fernando wants to have the best dogs so he could use them during competitions, so when his Siberian Husky gives birth to a blind puppy, he orders his henchmen to kill the puppy on the outskirts of the city and bury it. His henchmen fail to do so, as the puppy flees and successfully escapes from them. Fernando's henchmen lie to him stating they killed the puppy, however, they have the constant fear that Fernando will eventually find out.


title: Oh My Dog

text: Arjun's father Shankar struggles to pay the mortgage loan of their house. As a result, Shankar's father and Arjun's grandfather Shanmugam criticize him for paying for Arjun's school fees instead of their house fees. Arjun accidentally discovers the puppy and cleans the puppy himself. He begs his mother to keep the puppy, but his mother doesn't allow him and forces him home. That next morning, the puppy uses his scent to go to Arjun's bedside and wake up Arjun. Arjun, feeling pity for the puppy, decides to raise the puppy without his family's consent. For an entire week, he hides the puppy in his home. He takes the puppy to school although it is prohibited. His classmates adore the puppy, and Arjun names the puppy Simba (after The Lion King). Fernando's henchmen realize that Arjun has the puppy and try different techniques to take back and kill Simba, all but in vain. Eventually, the principal finds out with the help of PT Master Swaminathan, and Shankar is informed. Shankar is given the last warning. Shankar angrily throws away Simba and angrily confronts Arjun about it. Arjun develops fever due to Simba leaving. Arjun's mother Priya convinces Shankar to take back Simba, saying that during Simba's stay, Arjun was being well-behaved.


title: Oh My Dog

text: Shankar and Arjun go looking for Simba, but they are kicked out due to a bear roaming the area. A nightmare Arjun has where Simba is eaten by the bear causes him to leave the house himself at night and look for Simba. Shankar and Priya realize Arjun is missing and go looking for him. They luckily find him with Simba. The family happily adopts Simba, however, Shanmugam dislikes the presence of Simba. Arjun learns that a local hospital could cure Simba's blindness for 2 lakhs. He and his classmates start raising money for his surgery. Although they are unsuccessful, they learn about the International Dog Competition happening in Coimbatore offering a 2 lakh winning prize. Arjun signs into the competition with the help of his father. He wins third place for the first challenge. Simba and Arjun slowly start making their way to the finals.


title: Oh My Dog

text: Simba however gets successfully kidnapped by Fernando's henchmen but gets saved by Arjun. Fernando's henchmen chase after Arjun, in which, he takes refuge in his friend Ladoo's home. When the henchmen barge in, they are confronted by Ladoo's father, who is a police officer. They get imprisoned for 6 months. During those 6 months, Simba makes his way to the finals, as Simba grows, so does his intelligence. Arjun hears about a Russian Doctor in the area who's offering to do the surgery. Shankar goes believing it is free treatment but refuses when he realizes it costs money. The Russian Doctor kindly does the treatment for free, and Simba cures his blindness. This helps Simba get into the finals, and Fernando fears that he may have hard competition that year. Fernando goes to Shankar's house and offers to buy Simba for Shankar's mortgage loan to be paid. Shankar refuses but Shanmugam is angry with that decision. Shankar loses a lot of money shortly after and fears he could lose his house. He goes to Shanmugam defeated, feeling like he failed as a son. Shanmugam suggests that maybe selling Simba would've been a good idea.


title: Oh My Dog

text: Shanmugam experiences a heart attack in the middle of the night, only to be saved by Simba who warned the entire family. Shanmugam recovers but the remorseful Arjun explains that there is an entry fee for the final dog competition and Shankar can't pay due to his situation. Shanmugam has a change of heart and offers to pay using his Old Age Security. Fernando learns that Simba was blind-born and realizes it might have been his dog. He punishes his henchmen and learns that Simba had just got an eye surgery but this could be disrupted by flashing lights. Fernando causes the stage lights to malfunction and flash, this causes Simba to once again be blind. During the finals, the judges don't allow Simba in due to a policy of blind dogs being unable to participate. But with the help of Shankar and the audience, Simba is able to get into the game and set a new world record (winning the competition and breaking Fernando's record). Arjun accidentally eavesdrops and hears Fernando demanding the medal be given to him or else he would kill Simba. Arjun gives Fernando his dog as a result pleading not to kill it and asking the host to crown Fernando as the winner. Fernando realizes his mistake and exposes himself in front of the audience, giving the award and Simba back to Arjun, claiming Arjun is the true winner. Shanmugam expresses that Shankar is the greatest father anyone could have. The family pays the mortgage loans as well as the school fees. The film ends with that the family lives happily ever after.


title: Oh My Dog

text: "Oh My Dog" was released directly on Amazon prime video on 21 April 2022 as a part of 2D Entertainment's four-film deal with the streaming service. This Film as been sold by Star Vijay.


title: Leghorn chicken

text: The Leghorn (, ; or Livornese) is a breed of chicken originating in Tuscany, in central Italy. Birds were first exported to North America in 1828 from the Tuscan port city of Livorno, on the western coast of Italy. They were initially called "Italians", but by 1865 the breed was known as "Leghorn", the traditional anglicisation of "Livorno". The breed was introduced to Britain from the United States in 1870. White Leghorns are commonly used as layer chickens in many countries of the world. Other Leghorn varieties are less common.


title: Leghorn chicken

text: The origins of the Leghorn are not clear; it appears to derive from light breeds originating in rural Tuscany. The name comes from Leghorn, the traditional anglicisation of Livorno, the Tuscan port from which the first birds were exported to North America. The date of the first exports is variously reported as 1828, "about 1830" and 1852. They were initially known as "Italians"; they were first referred to as "Leghorns" in 1865, in Worcester, Massachusetts.


title: Leghorn chicken

text: The Leghorn was included in the American Standard of Perfection in 1874, with three colours: black, white and brown (light and dark). Rose comb light and dark brown were added in 1883, and rose comb white in 1886. Single comb buff and silver followed in 1894, and red, black-tailed red, and Columbian in 1929. In 1981 rose comb black, buff, silver, and golden duckwing were added.


title: Leghorn chicken

text: The breed was first introduced to Britain from the United States in 1870, and from there re-exported to Italy. White Leghorns that had won first prize at the 1868 New York Show were imported to Britain in 1870, and brown Leghorns from 1872. These birds were small, not exceeding in weight; weight was increased by cross-breeding with Minorca and Malay stock. Pyle Leghorns were first bred in Britain in the 1880s; gold and silver duckwings originated there a few years later, from crosses with Phoenix or Japanese Yokohama birds. Buff Leghorns were first seen in Denmark in 1885, and in England in 1888.


title: Leghorn chicken

text: In Italy, where the Livorno breed standard is recent, ten colour varieties are recognised. There is a separate Italian standard for the German Leghorn variety, the Italiana (German: Italiener). The Fédération française des volailles (the French poultry federation) divides the breed into four types: the American white, the English white, the old type (golden-salmon) and the modern type, for which seventeen colour variants are listed for full-size birds, and fourteen for bantams; it also recognises an autosexing variety, the Cream Legbar. Both the American Poultry Association and the American Bantam Association recognize a number of Leghorn varieties including white, red, black-tailed red, light brown, dark brown, black, buff, Columbian, buff Columbian, barred, and silver. In Britain, the Leghorn Club recognises eighteen colours: golden duckwing, silver duckwing, partridge, brown, buff, exchequer, Columbian, pyle, white, black, blue, mottled, cuckoo, blue-red, lavender, red, crele, and buff Columbian. Most Leghorns have single combs; a rose comb is permitted in some countries, but not in Italy. The legs are bright yellow, and the ear-lobes white.


title: Leghorn chicken

text: The Italian standard gives a weight range of for cocks, for hens. According to the British standard, fully grown Leghorn cocks weigh , hens ; cockerels weigh and pullets ; for bantams the maximum weight is for cocks and for hens. Ring size is for cocks, for hens.


title: Leghorn chicken

text: Leghorns are good layers of white eggs, laying an average of 280 per year and sometimes reaching 300–320, with a weight of at least . White Leghorns have been much used to create highly productive egg-laying hybrids for commercial and industrial operations.


title: Paint 3D

text: Paint 3D is a raster graphics and 3D computer graphics application which is a refresh of Microsoft Paint. It is one of several 3D modeling and printing applications (formatted under 3MF) introduced or improved with the Windows 10 Creators Update, including View 3D, Windows Mixed Reality, Holograms, along with the CAD programs 3D Builder and 2D Builder.


title: Paint 3D

text: Developed by Microsoft's Lift London studio, Paint 3D incorporates features of the Microsoft Paint and 3D Builder applications to combine a lightweight hybrid 2D-3D editing experience that allows users to pull in a variety of shapes from the app, their personal computer, and Microsoft's OneDrive service.


title: Paint 3D

text: In May 2016, a leaked Universal Windows Platform version of Microsoft Paint was revealed with a new hybrid ribbon-sidebar interface and some support for 3D objects. Microsoft rolled out a dummy app called Newcastle through the Windows Store to replace installations of the leaked build.


title: Paint 3D

text: In October 2016, a user on Twitter leaked out official tutorial videos of an upcoming version of Paint for Windows 10. The video showcases new features such as a completely redone interface with pen input in mind, as well as the ability to create and modify basic 3D models.


title: Paint 3D

text: The Universal Windows Platform version was officially announced and released during a Surface event on October 26, 2016 as part of the keynote presentation on the Windows 10 Creators Update. The app was made available for Windows 10 users with a build number of 14800 or higher and coexists with the previous version of Paint as of build 14955. Microsoft revealed a community website for sharing Paint drawings, with a focus on the new 3D formats. In addition to the 3D format, this version introduced the ability to save transparent pixels in 2D drawings, clip art stickers, background removal, the ability to download and import community drawings from within the app, UWP sharing contracts silhouette ribbon icons, new flat sidebar icons a blue-purple in-app theme, the ability to change the backdrop, and informational videos. One of the videos establishes unambiguously that Paint 3D is the evolution of Microsoft Paint, showing older versions of Paint from Windows editions 1, 3.1, Vista, and 10.


title: Paint 3D

text: Paint 3D was briefly made a replacement to Microsoft Paint, in Windows builds 14971 and 14986. However, due to complaints about the new interface and features missing in Paint 3D, the Windows team decided to allow the two apps to coexist.


title: Paint 3D

text: Over the course of development the stickers subsections were rearranged, new stickers were added, additional classic 2D shapes were added, an option was added to disable the welcome screen, the scrollbars were improved, the ability to resize the canvas with a mouse was added, and stickers were enabled to stick automatically if the user switched to a different activity without clicking the stamp button.


title: Paint 3D

text: Windows Insider chief Dona Sarkar confirmed that a Windows 10 Mobile version of Paint 3D has entered the alpha stage of development.


title: Paint 3D

text: In the Windows 10 Fall Creators Update an updated version of Paint 3D was released in Windows Store. It allowed users to directly Upload or Download models from Remix 3D.


title: Paint 3D

text: Paint 3D's most heavily promoted features are related to its support for 3D objects. Paint 3D ships with its own '3D library', which provides users with 3D stock people, animals, geometric shapes, text, and doodles. Users can rotate objects, adjust the placement of 3D object in all three dimensions, and apply 2D objects as stickers to 3D objects. The canvas itself can be rotated in 3D space or hidden, but it cannot


title: Paint 3D

text: It includes many of the 2D objects from Microsoft Paint and new colorful "stickers", which are functionally similar to traditional 2D shapes, and patterns that can be applied to the background and 3D objects. 2D text is available, as well as 3D text.


title: Paint 3D

text: Animations can be saved in 2D and 3D formats and shared using the Windows Share feature or OneDrive (purposed as a user-generated warehouse, replacing Remix3d.com). Because of these features, Microsoft included a license agreement that appears when the app is launched.


title: Paint 3D

text: The user is greeted with a welcome screen with tutorials, information about Paint 3D, and options for opening or starting a project. The screen can be disabled and reenabled.


title: Paint 3D

text: Like its predecessor, Paint 3D supports multiwindowing. Both support jumplists, but only Paint 3D displays 3D objects in its jumplist (other picture types are permissible).


title: Paint 3D

text: Paint 3D was praised for the new features it introduced, its role in Windows 10's evolving 3D support, the new user interface, improved stylus support, and a level of innovation not seen in the development of Microsoft Paint. The app has gone on to be used in peripheral gaming, finding a niche in game design as well as general gameplay.


title: Paint 3D

text: However, users criticized it on the Internet and in the Feedback Hub for lacking some of the features of Microsoft Paint, lack of 3D tools, and not being as ergonomically intuitive with a mouse & keyboard, particularly in the earliest iterations of the app.


title: Slave Trade Act 1807

text: The Slave Trade Act 1807, officially An Act for the Abolition of the Slave Trade, was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom prohibiting the slave trade in the British Empire. Although it did not abolish the practice of slavery, it did encourage British action to press other nation states to abolish their own slave trades.


title: Slave Trade Act 1807

text: Many of the supporters thought the Act would lead to the end of slavery. Slavery on English soil was unsupported in English law and that position was confirmed in "Somerset's case" in 1772, but it remained legal in most of the British Empire until the Slavery Abolition Act in 1833.


title: Slave Trade Act 1807

text: As British historian Martin Meredith writes, "In the decade between 1791 and 1800, British ships made about 1,340 voyages across the Atlantic, landing nearly 400,000 slaves. Between 1801 and 1807, they took a further 266,000. The slave trade remained one of Britain's most profitable businesses."


title: Slave Trade Act 1807

text: The Committee for the Abolition of the Slave Trade was formed in 1787 by a group of Evangelical English Protestants allied with the Quakers, to unite in their shared opposition to slavery and the slave trade. The Quakers had long viewed slavery as immoral, and a blight upon humanity. By 1807 the abolitionist groups in Britain had a very sizeable faction of like-minded members in the British Parliament. At their height they controlled 35–40 seats. Known as the "Saints", the alliance was led by the best known of the anti-slave trade campaigners, William Wilberforce, who had taken on the cause of abolition in 1787 after having read the evidence that Thomas Clarkson had amassed against the trade. These dedicated Parliamentarians had access to the legal draughtsmanship of James Stephen, Wilberforce's brother-in-law. They often saw their personal battle against slavery as a divinely ordained crusade. On Sunday, 28 October 1787, Wilberforce wrote in his diary: "God Almighty has set before me two great objects, the suppression of the slave trade and the reformation of manners."


title: Slave Trade Act 1807

text: On 2 April 1792, William Wilberforce sponsored a motion in the House of Commons "that the trade carried on by British subjects, for the purpose of obtaining slaves on the coast of Africa, ought to be abolished." He had introduced a similar motion in 1791, which was soundly defeated by MPs, with a vote of 163 opposed, 88 in favour. Henry Dundas was not present for that vote, but when it was again before MPs in 1792, Dundas tabled a petition from Edinburgh residents who supported abolition. He then went on to affirm his agreement in principle with Wilberforce's motion: "My opinion has been always against the Slave Trade." He argued, however, that a vote for immediate abolition would be ineffective, as it would not prevent merchants from other countries from stepping in to continue the trade abandoned by the British. He stated: "this trade must be ultimately abolished, but by moderate measures". He proposed an amendment that would add the word "gradual" to the Wilberforce motion. The amendment was adopted, 192 in favour, 125 opposed. The motion as amended then passed 230 in favour, 85 opposed. Dundas insisted that any abolition of the slave trade would have to be dependent on the support of West Indian colonial legislatures, and the implementation of laws concerning the amelioration of the conditions of slaves. Abolitionists argued that West Indian assemblies would never support such measures, and that making the abolition of the slave trade dependent on colonial reforms would cause indefinite delay.


title: Slave Trade Act 1807

text: Three weeks after the vote, Dundas tabled resolutions setting out a plan to implement gradual abolition by the end of 1799. At that time he told the House that proceeding too quickly would cause West Indian merchants and landowners to continue the trade "in a different mode and other channels." He argued that "if the committee would give the time proposed, they might abolish the trade; but, on the contrary, if this opinion was not followed, their children yet unborn would not see the end of the traffic." MPs voted in favour of ending the trade in slaves by the end of 1796, after defeating proposals to end the trade in slaves in 1795 or 1794. The House then amended the supporting resolutions tabled by Dundas, to reflect the new target date of 1796. The motion and resolutions did not receive consent in the House of Lords, however, consideration being formally deferred to a subsequent session on 5 June 1792, where they were never revived.


title: Slave Trade Act 1807

text: Abolitionists numbers were magnified by the precarious position of the government under Lord Grenville, whose short term as Prime Minister was known as the Ministry of All the Talents. Grenville himself led the fight to pass the bill in the House of Lords, while in the Commons the bill was led by the Foreign Secretary, Lord Howick (Charles Grey, later Earl Grey). Other events also played a part; the Acts of Union 1800 brought 100 Irish MPs into Parliament, most of whom supported abolition. The Bill was first introduced to Parliament in January 1807. It went to the House of Commons on 10 February 1807. On 23 February 1807, twenty years after he first began his crusade, Wilberforce and his team were rewarded with victory. After a debate lasting ten hours, the House agreed to the second reading of the bill to abolish the Atlantic slave trade by an overwhelming 283 votes for to 16. The Bill received Royal Assent on 25 March 1807. The Act took effect on 1 May 1807. However, had received clearance to sail on 27 April, before the deadline. Thus, when she sailed on 27 July, she did so legally. This was the last legal slave voyage for a British vessel.


title: Slave Trade Act 1807

text: All that took place against the background of the ongoing War of the Fourth Coalition. In the last months of 1806, Napoleon had won a major victory, crushing the military power of Prussia, entering into its capital Berlin and there issuing the Berlin Decree, bringing into effect the Continental System whose declared purpose was to weaken the British economy by closing French-controlled territory to its trade. Originally, the French Revolution had abolished slavery, but Napoleon – though claiming the mantle of continuing the revolutionary heritage – had in 1802 taken the retrograde step of reintroducing slavery in the French colonies. Thus, in abolishing the slave trade Britain – which could do little to directly oppose the string of French military victories on the continent – could at least gain the moral high ground against its French foe.


title: Slave Trade Act 1807

text: By its Act Against Slavery of 1793, the Parliament of Upper Canada in British North America (modern-day Canada) abolished the slave trade, freed slaves immigrating by choice or force, as well as children born to enslaved women subsequently upon their 25th birthday, but did not emancipate existing resident slaves. In 1805 a British Order-in-Council had restricted the importation of slaves into colonies that had been captured from France and the Netherlands. Following adoption of the 1807 Act, Britain used its diplomatic influence to pressure other nations to end their own involvement in the slave trade. With the Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1810, Portugal agreed to restrict its trade into its colonies; in the Anglo-Swedish Treaty of 1813, Sweden outlawed its slave trade; and in the Treaty of Paris of 1814 whereby France agreed with Britain that the slave trade was "repugnant to the principles of natural justice" and agreed to abolish its involvement the slave trade in five years. In the 1814 Anglo-Dutch treaty the Netherlands outlawed its slave trade, and the 1817 Anglo-Spanish treaty called for Spain to suppress its trade by 1820.


title: Slave Trade Act 1807

text: The United States adopted its Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves on 2 March 1807, the same month and year as the British action. It provided for the abolition of its Atlantic slave trade but did not alter its internal trade in slaves, while the American abolition of the international slave trade led to the creation of a coastwise slave trade in the United States. Article 1, Section 9, Clause 1 of the United States Constitution forbade the closing of the slave trade for twenty years, until 1808. The long-planned law was passed a year earlier, and with the economic incentives of the slave trade coming to an end, there was both a spike number of slaves being traded and a unification of political factions against the trade.


title: Slave Trade Act 1807

text: The Act created fines for ship captains who continued with the trade. These fines could be up to £100 per enslaved person found on a ship. Captains would sometimes dump captives overboard when they saw Navy ships coming in order to avoid these fines.


title: Slave Trade Act 1807

text: The Royal Navy, which then controlled the world's seas, established the West Africa Squadron in 1808 to patrol the coast of West Africa, and between 1808 and 1860 they seized approximately 1,600 slave ships and freed 150,000 Africans who were aboard. The Royal Navy declared that ships transporting slaves would be treated the same as pirates. Action was also taken against African kingdoms which refused to sign treaties to outlaw the trade, such as "the usurping King of Lagos", who was deposed in 1851. Anti-slavery treaties were signed with over 50 African rulers.


title: Slave Trade Act 1807

text: In the 1860s, David Livingstone's reports of atrocities within the Arab slave trade in East Africa stirred up the interest of the British public, reviving the flagging abolitionist movement. The Royal Navy throughout the 1870s attempted to suppress "this abominable Eastern trade", at Zanzibar in particular. In 1890 Britain handed control of the strategically important island of Heligoland in the North Sea to Germany in return for control of Zanzibar, in part to help enforce the ban on slave trading.


title: Maura Higgins

text: Maura Higgins (born 25 November 1990) is an Irish television personality, presenter and model. She finished in fourth place on the fifth series of "Love Island" 2019. Since the show, she has collaborated with numerous fashion and makeup brands. She was a contestant on "Dancing on Ice". Higgins has been a presenter on "This Morning" and hosted the Irish version of the reality television competition "".


title: Maura Higgins

text: Higgins was born in Ballymahon, County Longford to Sharon and Seamus Higgins. She has two sisters called Becki and Louise, and a brother called Jamie. A former pupil of Forgney N.S. She went to Ballymahon Vocational school. She studied to become a hairdresser and worked in a salon in Ballymahon for some time. Higgins also worked for Monster Energy. At the end of 2017, as a Monster girl, she travelled to Abu Dhabi for formula 1 finale and in 2018, she went viral with a video of her drifting a car for Monster Energy in Abu Dhabi to inspire women there to drive.


title: Maura Higgins

text: Prior to appearing on "Love Island," she worked as a ring girl for several professional boxers, including Anthony Joshua. Higgins also appeared in the visuals of the 2017 hit song Get Low by Liam Payne.


title: Maura Higgins

text: In 2019, Higgins entered the "Love Island" villa for its fifth series. She entered the villa on Day 10, reaching the final alongside Curtis Pritchard and finishing in fourth place. The same year she launched a makeup collection with makeup brand Inglot and began appearing regularly on "This Morning", presenting an agony aunt segment. In 2020, Higgins appeared on the twelfth series of "Dancing on Ice" partnered with Alexander Demetriou. She was eliminated in week 7 after losing the skate-off to Libby Clegg.


title: Maura Higgins

text: She has appeared on celebrity game shows including Celebrity Juice", I'll Get This" and "The Wheel". In September 2021, it was announced that Higgins would be presenting the Irish version of "".


title: Anglo

text: Anglo is a prefix indicating a relation to, or descent from, the Angles, England, English culture, the English people or the English language, such as in the term "Anglosphere". It is often used alone, somewhat loosely, to refer to people of British descent in Anglo-America, the Anglophone Caribbean, South Africa, Namibia, Australia, and New Zealand. It is used in Canada to differentiate between the French speakers (Francophone) of mainly Quebec and some parts of New Brunswick, and the English speakers (Anglophone) in the rest of Canada. It is also used in the United States to distinguish the Latino population from the non-Latino white majority.


title: Anglo

text: Anglo is a Late Latin prefix used to denote "English-" in conjunction with another toponym or demonym. The word is derived from Anglia, the Latin name for England and still used in the modern name for its eastern region, East Anglia. Anglia and England both mean "land of the Angles", a Germanic people originating in the north German peninsula of Angeln, that is, the region of today's Lower Saxony that joins the Jutland Peninsula. (There are various hypotheses for the origin of the name 'Angeln'.)


title: Anglo

text: It is also often used to refer to "British" in historical and other contexts after the Acts of Union 1707, for example such as in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, where in later years agreement was between the British government and the Dutch, not an English government. Typical examples of this use are also shown below, where non-English people from the British Isles are described as being "Anglo".


title: Anglo

text: "Anglo" is not an easily defined term. For traditionalists, there are linguistic problems with using the word as an adjective or noun on its own. For example, the purpose of the "-o" ending is to enable the formation of a compound term (for example "Anglo-Saxon" meaning of Angle and Saxon origin), so there is only an apparent parallelism between, for example, Latino and Anglo. However, a semantic change has taken place in many English-speaking regions so that in informal usage the meanings listed below are common. The definition is changed in each region which defines how it is identified.


title: Anglo

text: The term "Anglo-African" has been used historically to self-identify by people of mixed British and African ancestry born in the United States and in Africa. "The Anglo-African" and "The Weekly Anglo-African" were the names of newspapers published by African American abolitionist Robert Hamilton (1819–1870) in New York during the American Civil War era. "The Anglo-African" was also the name of a newspaper published in Lagos (now part of Nigeria) from 1863 to 1865. It was founded and edited by Robert Campbell (1829–1884), a Jamaican born son of a Scottish father and Mulatto mother. The term has also been used historically to describe people living in the British Empire in Africa. "The Anglo-African Who's Who and Biographical Sketch-Book" published in London in 1905 includes details of prominent British and Afrikaner people in Africa at that time.


title: Anglo

text: In Australia, "Anglo" is used as part of the terms "Anglo-Australian" and "Anglo-Celtic", which refer to the majority of Australians, who are of English, Scottish, Welsh and Irish descent.


title: Anglo

text: In Canada, and especially in Canadian French, "Anglophone" is widely used to designate someone whose mother tongue is English, as opposed to "Francophone", which describes someone whose mother tongue is French, and to "Allophone", which describes someone whose mother tongue is a language other than English or French. "Anglo-Métis" is also sometimes used to refer to an ethnic group.


title: Anglo

text: In Scotland the term "Anglo-Scot", often shortened to "Anglos", is used to refer to people with mixed Scottish-English ancestry, people with English ancestry born in Scotland or even the Lowland Scots in general.


title: Anglo

text: The term Anglo-Scot is more often used to describe Scottish sports players who are based in England or playing for English teams, or vice versa. This usage is especially used in football and notably in rugby union, where the Anglo Scots were a Scottish non-native select provincial District side that competed in the Scottish Inter-District Championship.


title: Anglo

text: In many parts of the United States, especially those with high Latino populations, "Anglo-American" is shortened to "Anglo" and applied to white Americans who are not of Latino origin. In the Southwest United States, "Anglo", short for "Anglo American", is used as a synonym for non-Latino whites; that is European Americans, most of whom speak the English language, even those who are not necessarily of English or British descent. Some non-Latino whites in the United States who speak English but are not of English or British ancestry do not identify with the term "Anglo" and find the term offensive. For instance, some Cajuns in southern Louisiana use the term to refer to white people who do not have Francophone backgrounds. Irish Americans, the second largest self-identified ethnic group in the United States following German-Americans, also sometimes take umbrage at being called "Anglo".


title: Anglo

text: Although conceptions of "Anglo" identity vary from country to country, the below table provides estimates of native English-speaking "white" populations by country.


title: Lawton Chiles

text: Lawton Mainor Chiles Jr. (April 3, 1930 – December 12, 1998) was an American politician who served as the 41st governor of Florida from 1991 until his death in 1998. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as a United States senator from Florida from 1971 to 1989.


title: Lawton Chiles

text: A Korean War veteran, Chiles later returned to Florida for law school and eventually opened his own private practice in 1955. Three years later, Chiles entered politics with a successful bid for the Florida House of Representatives in 1958, as a member of the Democratic Party.


title: Lawton Chiles

text: By 1966, Chiles left the Florida House to run for the Florida Senate. Despite 12 years in the Florida Legislature, Chiles was relatively unknown when he decided to bid for United States Senate in 1970. He embarked on a 1,003-mile walk from Pensacola to Key West for his campaign, earning him the nickname "Walkin' Lawton". It was successful and Chiles defeated his opponent William C. Cramer by a 53.9%–46.1% margin. Chiles retired from the United States Senate and from politics entirely in 1989.


title: Lawton Chiles

text: However, supporters convinced him to run for governor of Florida in 1990 against the unpopular incumbent Bob Martinez, and Chiles defeated Martinez by a 13-point margin (56.5% to 43.5%). During his first term as Governor, Chiles reformed health care and oversaw recovery efforts from Hurricane Andrew in 1992. Chiles faced a tough re-election bid in 1994 against Jeb Bush, a businessman and son of former President George H. W. Bush. Chiles prevailed over Bush by fewer than 64,000 votes. During his second term, Chiles reformed education in Florida. On December 12, 1998, he suffered a heart attack and died at the Florida Governor's Mansion, leaving Lieutenant Governor Buddy MacKay to serve the remaining 24 days of Chiles' unexpired term. Jeb Bush succeeded MacKay.


title: Lawton Chiles

text: Chiles was born in Polk County, Florida near Lakeland, the son of Margaret Kate (née Patterson) and Lawton Mainor Chiles. He attended public school at Lakeland High School, then the University of Florida at Gainesville. At the University of Florida, he was active in student politics. Chiles was a member of Phi Delta Phi International Legal Honor Society Cockrell Inn and was inducted into both the university Hall of Fame (the most prestigious honor a student can receive at UF) and Florida Blue Key.


title: Lawton Chiles

text: He was a member of the Alpha Tau Omega fraternity. He graduated in 1952. Following his college years, Chiles entered the Korean War, commissioned as an artillery officer in the United States Army. After the war, Chiles returned to the University of Florida for law school, from which he graduated in 1955; he passed the state bar exam that year and went into private practice in Lakeland. He married Rhea Grafton.


title: Lawton Chiles

text: In 1958, Chiles, a Democrat, was elected to the Florida House of Representatives. It was essentially still a one-party state, as most African Americans were disfranchised by a constitution and laws passed since the turn of the century. Chiles served in the House until 1966, when he was elected to a seat in the Florida Senate, which he held until 1970. While in the state senate, Chiles served on the 1968 Florida Law Revision Commission. During his time in the state legislature, Chiles continued to work as a lawyer and developer in Lakeland. He was one of the initial investors in the Red Lobster restaurant chain. He was a member of the Florida Society of the Sons of the American Revolution.


title: Lawton Chiles

text: In 1970, Chiles decided to run for a seat in the United States Senate. At the time, despite his 12 years in the state legislature, he was largely unknown outside his Lakeland-based district. To generate some media coverage and meet people across the state, Chiles embarked upon a 1,003-mile, 91-day walk across Florida from Pensacola to Key West. The walk earned him the recognition he sought, as well as the nickname that would follow him throughout his political career– "Walkin' Lawton". In his journal Chiles wrote that sometimes he walked alone, while other times he met ordinary Floridians along the way. In later years, Chiles would recall the walk allowed him to see Florida's natural beauty, as well as the state's problems, with fresh eyes. Some Florida reporters said that Chiles enjoyed campaigning much more than governing.


title: Lawton Chiles

text: In the general election campaign, Chiles faced U.S. Representative William C. Cramer of St. Petersburg, the first Republican to have served in Congress from Florida since Reconstruction. Cramer, a graduate of Harvard Law School, questioned Chiles's votes as a state senator on several matters regarding insurance. One law increased automobile liability rates by 50 percent over two years, and another raised premiums for school bus insurance, at a time that Chiles's insurance agency in Lakeland held the policy on the Polk County School Board, but such "conflict-of-interest" accusations seemed to have little political effect.


title: Lawton Chiles

text: The self-made Cramer depicted Chiles as coming from a "silver spoon" background with a then net worth of $300,000, but the media ignored questions about the candidates' personal wealth. Instead, reporters focused on the walk, often termed a "public relations stroke of genius." Prior to the walk, Chiles was identified by only 5 percent of voters; afterwards, he had widespread positive recognition.


title: Lawton Chiles

text: The "Tallahassee Democrat" forecast correctly that Chiles's "weary feet and comfortable hiking boots" would carry the 40-year-old "slow-country country lawyer" with "boyish amiability", and "back-country common sense and methodical urbane political savvy" to victory. Chiles's "Huck Finn" image was contrasted one night in Miami when he held a fried chicken picnic while the Republicans showcased a black-tie $1,000-a-plate dinner.


title: Lawton Chiles

text: Cramer could not match Chiles's public appeal. An observer described Cramer's "charisma" as "a speech in the "Congressional Record"." A Cramer aide said it was difficult "selling experience. It's not a sexy thing." A Chiles advertisement urged that voters "Vote for yourself. Chiles walked our streets and highways to hear what you have to say. That's why a vote for Chiles is like a vote for yourself." With "shoe leather and a shoestring budget", Chiles presented himself as a "problem solver who doesn't automatically vote 'No' on every issue."


title: Lawton Chiles

text: Cramer said that he should have demanded more debates and rebuffed the walking tactic: "I never could get that turned around. He was walking, and I was running. But the press was enamored with the walk ... Every time he was asked a question about where he stood, he would quote somebody that he met on the campaign trail to state what he was to do when he got to the Senate consistent with what that constituent had said. The basic approach gave him more credibility to his walk, which had nothing to do with his qualifications for the Senate but gave him free publicity and appealed to the 'little man.'"


title: Lawton Chiles

text: With ecology a national concern by 1970, Chiles announced his opposition to the Cross Florida Barge Canal, which had originally been supported by every member of the Florida congressional delegation. The project, one-third completed, was cancelled early in 1971 and is now a protected green belt corridor. Chiles endorsed federal funding to remove waste from the bass-teeming Lake Apopka in central Florida. By contrast, Cramer received little credit from environmentalists although he had drafted the Water Pollution Control Act of 1956 and had sponsored legislation to protect alligators, stop beach erosion, dredge harbors, and remove oil spills. Instead, Cramer's critics accused him of having weakened anti-pollution laws. Cramer questioned Chiles's opposition to a proposed severance tax on phosphate mining, which particularly impacted Tampa Bay. Cramer declared that "Liberal Lawton has protected the phosphate industry -- the state's single largest polluter."


title: Lawton Chiles

text: By 1974, a survey showed Floridians favored limits on development, and 60 percent urged more government funding for conservation.


title: Lawton Chiles

text: Only three newspapers—in Orlando, Fort Myers, and Pasco County—supported Cramer in the race against Chiles. In the face of media opposition, Cramer failed to pin the "liberal" label on Chiles, who called himself by the rare hybrid term "progressive conservative." Explaining Cramer's inability to make "liberalism" an issue in 1970, "The New York Times" observed that Chiles and the gubernatorial candidate, Reubin Askew of Pensacola, "convey amiable good ol' boy qualities with moderate-to-liberal aspirations that do not strike fear into the hearts of conservatives."


title: Lawton Chiles

text: Chiles relied heavily on his support from the retiring senator and former governor Spessard Holland. He noted that Cramer had expected to face former governor Farris Bryant, who like LeRoy Collins, Gurney's foe in 1968, had ties to the administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson. Bryant lost the senatorial primary to Chiles. "I'm not anything Cramer thought he would be running against. So he's reduced to telling lies about me," Chiles quipped. Chiles said that Cramer can bring Nixon, Agnew, Reagan, and anybody else he wants. ... I'll take Holland on my side against all of them."


title: Lawton Chiles

text: Cramer said a Republican-majority Senate would lead to the removal of controversial Senator J. William Fulbright of Arkansas, the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee who had long opposed the Vietnam War. Chiles, however, retorted that if Republicans controlled the Senate other southern Democrats would also forfeit committee chairmanships earned through their seniority.


title: Lawton Chiles

text: Chiles was twice re-elected to the U.S. Senate -- 1976 and 1982, both heavily Democratic years. Chiles, never flashy, was considered a moderate lawmaker who rarely made waves. He served as the chairman of the Special Committee on Aging of the 96th Congress (1979–81), and in the 100th Congress (1987–89) served as chairman of the influential Senate Budget Committee. While heading the Budget Committee, he played a key role in the 1987 revision of the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act.


title: Lawton Chiles

text: In 1985, Chiles underwent quadruple-bypass heart surgery. After his recovery, he became increasingly frustrated with the slow pace of work in the Senate, complaining that it was too difficult to get anything done. Accordingly, he announced in December 1987 that he would not seek re-election the next year. Chiles was succeeded by Republican Connie Mack.


title: Lawton Chiles

text: After the surgery, Chiles developed clinical depression, and was treated with Prozac. He retired from the Senate in 1989 and intended to retire from politics entirely. However, several supporters convinced him to enter the 1990 Florida governor's race against Republican incumbent Bob Martinez. During the Democratic Party primary, his opponent Bill Nelson attempted to make an issue of Chiles' age and health, a strategy that backfired badly in a state with a large population of retirees.


title: Lawton Chiles

text: Chiles ran a campaign to "reinvent" the state's government, and defeated Martinez to take office in 1991. During his first term as governor, Chiles managed to accomplish very little. Although he developed ambitious health-care and tax reform packages, neither passed in the hostile state legislature. The early years of his term were troubled by a national economic recession that severely damaged Florida's tourism-based economy, and by Hurricane Andrew, which struck near Homestead in August 1992.


title: Lawton Chiles

text: Chiles ran for re-election 1994 against Jeb Bush. He defeated Bush by a narrow 64,000-vote margin with 50.75% of the popular vote. As of 2022, his victory remains the last by a Democratic candidate in a Florida gubernatorial election. Republican candidate Bush ran a television advertisement which featured the mother of a teenage girl who had been abducted and murdered many years before. The mother stated that "Her killer is still on death row, and we're still waiting for justice. We won't get it from Lawton Chiles because he's too liberal on crime. . . Lawton Chiles has let us down. . . I know Jeb Bush. He'll make criminals serve their sentences and enforce the death penalty. Lawton Chiles won't," referring to Chiles not signing the convicted killer's death warrant. Chiles responded that he did not sign a death warrant because the case was still on appeal. The Democratic governor further claimed a record of support for the death penalty, having presided over 18 executions during his two terms (among them Judy Buenoano, the first Floridian woman executed since 1848). Moreover, after the botched electrocution of Pedro Medina in 1997, and despite significant public criticism, Chiles refused to endorse the use of lethal injection as a lawful form of execution. The new method was introduced under Bush's administration in 1999 after the execution of Allen Lee Davis.


title: Lawton Chiles

text: Chiles' second term as governor was notable as the first time in state history that a Democratic governor had a legislature controlled by the Republican Party. Despite this, he had some successes, including a successful lawsuit he and state attorney general Bob Butterworth filed against the tobacco industry, which resulted in an $11.3 billion settlement for the state. He also won approval for a $2.7 billion statewide school construction program.


title: Lawton Chiles

text: In 1995, Chiles sought treatment for a neurological problem that was later diagnosed as a mild stroke after he awoke with nausea, slurred speech and loss of coordination; and it would be determined dehydration might have caused the episode. He recovered fully, which was credited to prompt treatment.


title: Lawton Chiles

text: Ineligible to run a third time, Chiles supported the lieutenant governor, his personal friend Buddy MacKay, in the 1998 Florida governor's race against Jeb Bush. Bush, however, scored an easy victory over MacKay. On December 12 that year, just three weeks before his long-awaited retirement was to begin, Chiles suffered a fatal heart attack while exercising on a cycling machine in the Governor's Mansion gymnasium. He died suddenly shortly afterwards, at the age of 68.


title: Lawton Chiles

text: Funeral services were held at Faith Presbyterian Church in Tallahassee on December 16, 1998, following a funeral procession that traced part of his walk from the 1970 Senate campaign from the panhandle town of Century to Tallahassee. Chiles was initially buried in a church cemetery in Tallahassee; however, within a year his wife had the body moved to a tract east of Tallahassee, a place they named Jubilee. He was succeeded in office by MacKay, who served until Bush's term began on January 5, 1999.


title: Lawton Chiles

text: Chiles was known as a health care and children's advocate throughout his career. He emphasized health coverage for the uninsured and led a campaign to create the National Commission for Prevention of Infant Mortality in the late 1980s. In 1994, he fought for the creation of regional health care alliances throughout the state, which allow small businesses to pool their health care dollars and broaden coverage while saving money. He also created the Florida Department of Elder Affairs.


title: Lawton Chiles

text: In 1992, Chiles created the Florida Healthy Start program to provide a comprehensive prenatal and infant care program available to all pregnant women and infants across the state; since the program's inception the state's infant mortality rate has dropped 18%. In 1996, Chiles appointed a Governor's Commission on Education to examine the state's school system. One of the significant recommendations that came from that commission eventually led to the highly controversial 2002 state constitutional amendment restricting Florida's school class sizes.


title: Lawton Chiles

text: In 1997, anti-abortion advocacy group "Choose Life" collected 10,000 signatures and filed the $30,000 fee required under Florida law at the time to submit an application for a new specialty plate. State Senator Tom Lee sponsored a bill in support of the tag's creation. The bill passed both houses of the Florida State Legislature in early 1998, but was vetoed by Chiles, who stated that license plates are not the "proper forum for debate" on political issues.


title: Lawton Chiles

text: Perhaps his greatest legacy was his impact on the Florida Supreme Court, where his appointments continued to have a major impact on state and national events long after Chiles' death. Chiles appointed Justice Major B. Harding in 1991, Justice Charles T. Wells in 1994, Justice Harry Lee Anstead in 1994, Justice Barbara J. Pariente in 1997, and Justice R. Fred Lewis in 1998. Chiles and incoming Governor Jeb Bush jointly appointed Justice Peggy A. Quince in 1998 just a few days before Chiles' death. Quince was jointly appointed because her term as Justice would begin the exact moment that Bush's first term as governor began, so there was a legal question which governor had the authority to appoint her. Bush and Chiles agreed to make a joint appointment to avoid a lawsuit over the question.


title: Lawton Chiles

text: Thus, at one point, Chiles had appointed five of the seven Justices and had jointly appointed the sixth. Chiles' appointments formed the Supreme Court majorities that decided the following major cases:


title: Lawton Chiles

text: Chiles' niece was former U.S. Senator Kay Hagan of North Carolina, a Democrat elected in 2008. Hagan was the daughter of Chiles' sister Jeannette. Chiles' son, "Bud" Chiles, ran for the position of Governor of Florida without party affiliation in a grassroots campaign. Like his father, Bud embarked on a walking tour of the state, listening and visiting with local communities in Florida. On September 2, 2010, Chiles dropped out of the race citing "continuing down this road could have unintended consequences, dividing those who hold common goals..." Chiles threw his support behind Alex Sink.


title: Lawton Chiles

text: (3) Opening Plenary of the Winter Meeting of the National Governors Association from February 22, 1998


title: Pinoy Big Brother

text: Pinoy Big Brother, more popularly known by its abbreviated title PBB, is the Philippine version of the "Big Brother" reality game show franchise. The word "Pinoy" in the title is a colloquial term for the Filipino people. Is a Philippine television reality show broadcast by ABS-CBN, Studio 23 (now S+A) and its international channel, TFC in various countries worldwide. Originally hosted by Willie Revillame, Toni Gonzaga and Mariel Rodriguez, it premiered on August 21, 2005. The uncut 24/7 version of the series can also be seen on the internet through Kumu, a Philippine online livestreaming app, as part of their partnership on the current season, as carried over from the , the recently concluded season, was hosted by Bianca Gonzalez and Robi Domingo.


title: Pinoy Big Brother

text: Other essential elements of the "Big Brother" franchise are present, such as weekly and daily challenges, the confession room, and the voice known only as "Big Brother," sometimes referred to as "Kuya" (Tagalog for an elder male sibling). "Pinoy Big Brother" uses their tagline ""Teleserye ng Totoong Buhay"" or the ""Real Life Soap Opera"".


title: Pinoy Big Brother

text: It follows the same premise as its many foreign counterparts around the world wherein a number of Filipinos volunteered to live inside a house for a certain number of days.


title: Pinoy Big Brother

text: The elimination process in the show is the reverse of the original Dutch format. At the start of the elimination process, the "housemates" (as the contestants are referred to) vote for which two (sometimes more if there are ties or if Big Brother hands out an automatic nomination) fellow housemates they should eliminate. Once these nominations are chosen, the viewer votes come into play. For a week viewers are asked to vote, via SMS or voice messaging through PLDT's hotline (later abolished in favor of vote cards), for whoever they wanted to stay longer in the house. The housemate with the fewest viewer votes is eliminated. In the final week, the one with the most viewer votes will win the grand prize package, usually includes house and lot, a car, a business franchise, home appliances, and a holiday, and is given the title the "Big Winner".


title: Pinoy Big Brother

text: The show has aired also two special versions. One of which is the "Celebrity" version of the show, which housed commercial models, actors and actresses, radio and TV show hosts, musicians, sports and fashion personalities, and even politicians in a certain number of days (the duration of this particular version of the show is lesser compared to the regular seasons). Celebrity housemates, like many counterparts abroad, play for charity, aside from themselves. Prizes given away from edition to edition can vary, but basically, the cash prize an edition's winner can receive is the same as the prize for that winner's chosen charity organization, i.e. the winner and his/her charity each win the same amount.