title: Elvin Jones

text: Following this early passion, Elvin joined his high school's black marching band, where he developed his foundation in rudiments. Jones served in the United States Army from 1946 to 1949. With his mustering-out pay (and an additional $35.00 borrowed from his sister), Jones purchased his first drumset.


title: Elvin Jones

text: Jones began his professional career in 1949 with a short-lived gig in a club on Detroit's Grand River Street. Eventually he went on to play with artists including Billy Mitchell and Wardell Gray. In 1955, after a failed audition for the Benny Goodman band, he found work in New York City, joining Miles Davis and Charles Mingus for their "Blue Moods" album on Mingus's co-owned Debut label. During the late 1950s, Jones was a member of the Sonny Rollins trio that recorded most of the album "A Night at the Village Vanguard", an album cited as a high point for both Rollins and for 1950s jazz in general.


title: Elvin Jones

text: In 1960, he began playing with John Coltrane. By 1962, he had become an integral member of the classic John Coltrane Quartet along with bassist Jimmy Garrison and pianist McCoy Tyner. Jones and Coltrane would often play extended duet passages. This band is widely considered to have redefined "swing" (the rhythmic feel of jazz), in much the same way that Louis Armstrong, Charlie Parker, and others had done during earlier stages of jazz's development. Jones said of that period playing with Coltrane: "Every night when we hit the bandstand — no matter if we'd come five hundred or a thousand miles — the weariness just dropped from us. It was one of the most beautiful things a man can experience. If there is anything like perfect harmony in human relationships, that band was as close as you can come."


title: Elvin Jones

text: Jones stayed with Coltrane until early 1966. By then, Jones was not entirely comfortable with Coltrane's new direction, especially as his polyrhythmic style clashed with the "multidirectional" approach of the group's second drummer, Rashied Ali. "I couldn't hear what was going on ... I felt I just couldn't contribute."


title: Elvin Jones

text: Jones remained active after leaving the Coltrane group, and led several bands in the late 1960s and 1970s that are considered influential groups. Notable among them was a trio formed with saxophonist and multi-instrumentalist Joe Farrell and (ex-Coltrane) bassist Jimmy Garrison, with whom he recorded the Blue Note albums "Puttin' It Together" and "The Ultimate". Jones recorded extensively for Blue Note under his own name in the late 1960s and early 1970s with groups that featured prominent as well as up and coming musicians. The two-volume "Live at the Lighthouse" showcases a 21- and 26-year-old Steve Grossman and Dave Liebman, respectively. Jones also played on many albums of the "modal jazz era", such as "The Real McCoy" with McCoy Tyner and "Speak No Evil" with Wayne Shorter.


title: Elvin Jones

text: Beginning in the early 1980s, Jones performed and recorded with his own group, the Elvin Jones Jazz Machine, whose line up changed through the years. Both Sonny Fortune and Ravi Coltrane, John Coltrane's son, played saxophone with the Jazz Machine in the early 1990s, appearing together with Jones on "In Europe" on Enja Records in 1991. His final recording as a band leader, The Truth: Heard Live at the Blue Note, recorded in 1999 and issued in 2004, featured an enlarged version of his Jazz Machine—Antoine Roney (sax), Robin Eubanks (trombonist), Darren Barrett (trumpet), Carlos McKinney (piano), Gene Perla (bass), and guest saxophonist Michael Brecker. In 1990 and 1992, the Elvin Jones Jazz Machine partnered with Wynton Marsalis, performing at The Bottom Line in New York. Among his last recordings was accompanying his brother, pianist Hank Jones, and bassist Richard Davis on an album titled "Autumn Leaves" under the name The Great Jazz Trio.


title: Elvin Jones

text: Other musicians who made significant contributions to Jones's music during this period were baritone saxophonist Pepper Adams, tenor saxophonists George Coleman and Frank Foster, trumpeter Lee Morgan, bassist Gene Perla, keyboardist Jan Hammer and jazz–world music group Oregon.


title: Elvin Jones

text: In 1969, Jones played drums for beat poet Allen Ginsberg's 1970 LP "Songs of Innocence and Experience", a musical adaptation of William Blake's poetry collection of the same name.


title: Elvin Jones

text: He appeared as the villain Job Cain in the 1971 musical Western film "Zachariah", in which he performed a drum solo after winning a saloon gunfight.


title: Elvin Jones

text: Jones, who taught regularly, often took part in clinics, played in schools, and gave free concerts in prisons. His lessons emphasized music history as well as drumming technique. In 2001, Jones was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Music from Berklee College of Music.


title: Elvin Jones

text: Elvin Jones died of heart failure in Englewood, New Jersey, on May 18, 2004. He was survived by his first wife Shirley and his common-law second wife Keiko (Elvin married Keiko before divorcing Shirley, meaning that legally he and Keiko were not married), in addition to his son Elvin Nathan Jones of Seattle and daughter Rose-Marie "Rosie" Jones of Sweden.


title: Elvin Jones

text: Jones's sense of timing, polyrhythms, dynamics, timbre, and legato phrasing helped bring the drumset to the foreground. In a 1970 profile published in "Life Magazine", Albert Goldman dubbed Jones "the world's greatest rhythm drummer", and his free-flowing style was a major influence on many leading drummers, including Christian Vander (Magma), Mitch Mitchell (whom Jimi Hendrix called "my Elvin Jones"), Ginger Baker, Bill Bruford, John Densmore (The Doors) and Janet Weiss (Sleater-Kinney).


title: Anaxagoras

text: Anaxagoras (; , "Anaxagóras", "lord of the assembly";  500 –  428 BC) was a Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher. Born in Clazomenae at a time when Asia Minor was under the control of the Persian Empire, Anaxagoras came to Athens. According to Diogenes Laërtius and Plutarch, in later life he was charged with impiety and went into exile in Lampsacus; the charges may have been political, owing to his association with Pericles, if they were not fabricated by later ancient biographers.


title: Anaxagoras

text: Responding to the claims of Parmenides on the impossibility of change, Anaxagoras introduced the concept of "Nous" (Cosmic Mind) as an ordering force. He also gave a number of novel scientific accounts of natural phenomena, including the notion of panspermia, that life exists throughout the universe and could be distributed everywhere. He deduced a correct explanation for eclipses and described the Sun as a fiery mass larger than the Peloponnese, as well as attempting to explain rainbows and meteors.


title: Anaxagoras

text: Anaxagoras was born in the town of Clazomenae in the early 5th century BCE, where he may have been born into an aristocratic family. He arrived at Athens, either shortly after the Persian war, which he may have fought in on the Persian side, or alternatively sometime when he was a bit older, around 456 BCE. While at Athens, he became close with the Athenian statesman Pericles According to Diogenes Laërtius and Plutarch, in later life he was charged with impiety and went into exile in Lampsacus; the charges may have been political, owing to his association with Pericles, if they were not fabricated by later ancient biographers. According to Laërtius, Pericles spoke in defense of Anaxagoras at his trial, Even so, Anaxagoras was forced to retire from Athens to Lampsacus in Troad (433). He died there in around the year 428. Citizens of Lampsacus erected an altar to Mind and Truth in his memory, and observed the anniversary of his death for many years. They placed over his grave the following inscription: Here Anaxagoras, who in his quest of truth scaled heaven itself, is laid to rest.


title: Anaxagoras

text: Responding to the claims of Parmenides on the impossibility of change, Anaxagoras described the world as a mixture of primary imperishable ingredients, where material variation was never caused by an absolute presence of a particular ingredient, but rather by its relative preponderance over the other ingredients; in his words, "each one is... most manifestly those things of which there are the most in it". He introduced the concept of "Nous" (Cosmic Mind) as an ordering force, which moved and separated out the original mixture, which was homogeneous, or nearly so.


title: Anaxagoras

text: Anaxagoras brought philosophy and the spirit of scientific inquiry from Ionia to Athens. According to Anaxagoras all things have existed in some way from the beginning, but originally they existed in infinitesimally small fragments of themselves, endless in number and inextricably combined throughout the universe. All things existed in this mass, but in a confused and indistinguishable form. There was an infinite number of homogeneous parts () as well as heterogeneous ones.


title: Anaxagoras

text: The work of arrangement, the segregation of like from unlike and the summation of the whole into totals of the same name, was the work of Mind or Reason (). Mind is no less unlimited than the chaotic mass, but it stood pure and independent, a thing of finer texture, alike in all its manifestations and everywhere the same. This subtle agent, possessed of all knowledge and power, is especially seen ruling in all the forms of life. Its first appearance, and the only manifestation of it which Anaxagoras describes, is Motion. It gave distinctness and reality to the aggregates of like parts.


title: Anaxagoras

text: Decrease and growth represent a new aggregation () and disruption (). However, the original intermixture of things is never wholly overcome. Each thing contains in itself parts of other things or heterogeneous elements, and is what it is, only on account of the preponderance of certain homogeneous parts which constitute its character. Out of this process arise the things we see in this world.


title: Anaxagoras

text: Plutarch says "Anaxagoras is said to have predicted that if the heavenly bodies should be loosened by some slip or shake, one of them might be torn away, and might plunge and fall down to earth".


title: Anaxagoras

text: His observations of the celestial bodies and the fall of meteorites led him to form new theories of the universal order, and to prediction of the impact of meteorites. According to Pliny he was credited with predicting the fall of the meteorite in 467. He was the first to give a correct explanation of eclipses, and was both famous and notorious for his scientific theories, including the claims that the Sun is a mass of red-hot metal, that the Moon is earthy, and that the stars are fiery stones. He thought the Earth was flat and floated supported by 'strong' air under it and disturbances in this air sometimes caused earthquakes. He introduced the notion of panspermia, that life exists throughout the universe and could be distributed everywhere.


title: Anaxagoras

text: He attempted to give a scientific account of eclipses, meteors, rainbows, and the Sun, which he described as a mass of blazing metal, larger than the Peloponnese; He also said that the Moon had mountains and believed that it was inhabited. The heavenly bodies, he asserted, were masses of stone torn from the Earth and ignited by rapid rotation. his theories about eclipses, the Sun and Moon may well have been based on observations of the eclipse of 463 BCE, which was visible in Greece.


title: Anaxagoras

text: According to Plutarch in his work "On exile", Anaxagoras is the first Greek to attempt the problem of squaring the circle, a problem he worked on while in prison.


title: Anaxagoras

text: Anaxagoras wrote a book of philosophy, but only fragments of the first part of this have survived, through preservation in work of Simplicius of Cilicia in the 6th century AD..


title: Anaxagoras

text: Anaxgoras' book was reportedly available for a drachma in the Athenian marketplace, and it was certainly known to Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes based on the contents of their surviving plays, and possibly to Aeschylus as well, based on the testimony of Seneca. However, although Anaxagoras almost certainly lived in Athens during the lifetime of Socrates (born 470 BCE), there is no evidence that they ever met. In the "Phaedo", Plato portrays Socrates saying of Anaxagoras that as a young man: 'I eagerly acquired his books and read them as quickly as I could'. However, Socrates goes on to describe his later disillusionment with his philosophy. Anaxagoras is also mentioned by Socrates during his trial in Plato's "Apology".


title: Anaxagoras

text: He is also mentioned in Seneca's Natural Questions (Book 4B, originally Book 3: On Clouds, Hail, Snow) It reads: "Why should I too allow myself the same liberty as Anaxagoras allowed himself?"


title: Anaxagoras

text: The Roman author Valerius Maximus preserves a different tradition: Anaxagoras, coming home from a long voyage, found his property in ruin, and said: "If this had not perished, I would have"—a sentence described by Valerius as being "possessed of sought-after wisdom"


title: Anaxagoras

text: Dante Alighieri places Anaxagoras in the First Circle of Hell (Limbo) in his "Divine Comedy" ("Inferno", Canto IV, line 137).


title: Anaxagoras

text: Chapter 5 in Book II of De Docta Ignorantia (1440) by Nicholas of Cusa is dedicated to the truth of the sentence "Each thing is in each thing" which he attributes to Anaxagoras.


title: Anaxagoras

text: In the Diels-Kranz numbering for testimony and fragments of Pre-Socratic philosophy, Anaxagoras is catalogued as number 59.


title: Diaochan

text: Diaochan was one of the Four Beauties of ancient China. Although based on a minor historical personage, she is mostly a fictional character. She is best known for her role in the 14th-century historical novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", which romanticises the events in the late Eastern Han dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period. In the novel, she has a romance with the warrior Lü Bu and causes him to betray and kill his foster father, the tyrannical warlord Dong Zhuo. She was praised in tales as woman of uneven beauty who did what no other hero in China was able to accomplish, put an end to Dong Zhuo's regime of terror and the eventual end of Lu Bu; triggering the events that would lead to the formation of the Three kingdoms: Cao Wei, Eastern Wu and Shu Han.


title: Diaochan

text: Chinese historical records indicate that Lü Bu had a secret affair with one of Dong Zhuo's maids and he constantly feared that Dong Zhuo would find out. This was one of the reasons why he betrayed and assassinated Dong Zhuo in 192. The maid's name was not recorded in history, however. The name "Diaochan", which literally means "sable cicada", is believed to have been derived from the sable tails and jade decorations in the shape of cicadas which adorned the hats of high-ranking officials in the Eastern Han dynasty.


title: Diaochan

text: In the 14th-century historical novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Diaochan assists the official Wang Yun in a plot to persuade Lü Bu to kill his foster father, the tyrannical warlord Dong Zhuo. Wang Yun presents her to Dong Zhuo as a concubine, but also betrothes her to Lü Bu at the same time. Diaochan uses her beauty to turn Dong Zhuo and Lü Bu against each other by inciting jealousy between them.


title: Diaochan

text: While Dong Zhuo is out one day, Lü Bu sneaks into his bedroom in the hope of seeing Diaochan. Diaochan pretends to be very upset and attempts suicide by throwing herself into the pond, saying that she is ashamed to see Lü Bu because she had been violated by Dong Zhuo. Lü Bu is heartbroken and promises that he will not let her suffer further at the hands of Dong Zhuo. Just then, Dong Zhuo returns and sees them embracing each other. As Lü Bu flees, Dong Zhuo chases him and hurls a spear at him, but misses. On the way, Dong Zhuo meets his adviser, Li Ru, who suggests to him to let Lü Bu have Diaochan, so as to win Lü Bu's trust. Dong Zhuo goes back to Diaochan later and accuses her of betraying his love, saying that he intends to present her to Lü Bu. Diaochan replies indignantly that Lü Bu embraced her against her will and attempts suicide to "prove her love" for Dong Zhuo. Dong Zhuo is moved and dismisses the idea of relinquishing her.


title: Diaochan

text: Lü Bu is outraged and goes to Wang Yun's house to vent his frustration. Wang Yun then uses the opportunity to instigate Lü Bu to join the plot to kill Dong Zhuo. Lü Bu kills Dong Zhuo when the latter shows up at a ceremony for Emperor Xian to abdicate the throne to him; the ceremony is actually a trap set by Wang Yun and Lü Bu. After Dong Zhuo's death, his former followers, led by Li Jue and Guo Si, attack Chang'an to avenge their lord. Lü Bu is defeated in battle and forced to flee.


title: Diaochan

text: Diaochan's eventual fate differs in various accounts: some said that she is killed by Dong Zhuo's followers, along with Wang Yun, after Lü Bu escapes; others claim that she follows Lü Bu while he roams around with his forces. In some adaptations of the novel, Diaochan is executed along with Lü Bu after Lü Bu's defeat at the Battle of Xiapi or killed herself with the seven star dagger after Cao Cao took a liking to her.


title: Diaochan

text: In one folktale, Diaochan is captured by Cao Cao after the Battle of Xiapi. Cao Cao presents her to Guan Yu in the hope of winning Guan Yu's loyalty. Guan Yu, however, suspects that he is being tricked when he recalls how Diaochan had betrayed Lü Bu and Dong Zhuo. He kills her to prevent her from doing further harm. In another tale, Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei all want to marry Diaochan, and they argue bitterly over the issue. Guan Yu kills her to end the dispute.


title: Diaochan

text: In the Yuan dynasty play "Lianhuan Ji" (連環計), Diaochan is said to be the daughter of Ren Ang (任昂), and her real name is Ren Hongchang (任紅昌). She is in charge of taking care of the Sable Cicada Hat (貂蟬冠), so she becomes known as "Diaochan" (literally "sable cicada"). She is introduced to Guan Yu by Zhang Fei after Lü Bu's death. Instead of accepting her as the spoils of war, Guan Yu decapitates her with his sword. This event is not mentioned in historical records or the historical novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", but is propagated through mass media such as operas and storytelling.


title: Diaochan

text: Diaochan appears a playable character in Koei's "Dynasty Warriors" "Aura Kingdom " and "Warriors Orochi" video game series. She also appears in the manga series "Souten Kouro". In the card game "", there is a Legendary Creature card called "Diaochan, Artful Beauty". Similarly, Diaochan appears as an alternate skin for the rogue class in the card game "Hearthstone", titled Diao Chan "Valeera". She also appears as a character in "". Diaochan is a playable character in the Mobile/PC Game Rise of Kingdoms.


title: Diaochan

text: Notable actresses who have portrayed Diaochan in films and television series include: Violet Koo in "Diao Chan" (1938); Lin Dai in "Diao Chan" (1958); Nina Li in "The Beauty Diu Sim" (1987); Chen Hong in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" (1994); Irene Chiu in "Guan Gong" (1996); Chen Hao in "Three Kingdoms" (2010); Gulnazar in "God of War, Zhao Yun" (2016) and "Dynasty Warriors" (2019).


title: En plein air

text: This method contrasts with studio painting or academic rules that might create a predetermined look. The theory of 'En plein air' painting is credited to Pierre-Henri de Valenciennes (1750–1819), first expounded in a treatise entitled "Reflections and Advice to a Student on Painting, Particularly on Landscape" (1800), where he developed the concept of landscape portraiture by which the artist paints directly onto canvas "in situ" within the landscape.


title: En plein air

text: It enabled the artist to better capture the changing details of weather and light. The invention of portable canvases and easels allowed the practice to develop, particularly in France, and in the early 1830s the Barbizon school of painting in natural light was highly influential.


title: En plein air

text: Amongst the most prominent features of this school were its tonal qualities, colour, loose brushwork, and softness of form. These were variants that were particularly relevant to the mid 19th-century Hudson River School and to Impressionism


title: En plein air

text: Before the 19th century, artists had mixed their own paints from raw pigments that they often ground themselves from a variety of media. This had made for inconvenient portability and kept most painting activities confined to the studio.


title: En plein air

text: This changed in the 1800s when tubes of oil paint became available, allowing "En plein air" painting to become viable for many artists. In the 1830s, the Barbizon school in France that included Charles-François Daubigny and Théodore Rousseau used the practice to accurately depict the changing appearance of light as weather conditions altered.


title: En plein air

text: In the early 1860s, four young painters: Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Alfred Sisley and Frédéric Bazille, met whilst studying under the academic artist Charles Gleyre. They discovered that they shared an interest in painting landscape and contemporary life, and they often ventured into the countryside together to paint in the open air. They discovered that they could paint in sunlight directly from nature, and making use of the vivid synthetic pigments that were available, they began to develop a lighter and brighter manner of painting that extended further the Realism of Gustave Courbet and the Barbizon school. It was radical practise at its inception, but by the later decades of the 19th-century the theory had been absorbed into normal artistic practise.


title: En plein air

text: There were artists' colonies across France, such as the one at Étaples on the Côte d'Opal that included landscape impressionists Eugène Chigot and Henri Le Sidaner. The latter artist specialised in translating nocturne light to canvas using oil and pastel.


title: En plein air

text: The Macchiaioli were a group of Italian painters active in Tuscany in the second half of the nineteenth century, who, breaking with the antiquated conventions taught by the Italian academies of art, did much of their painting outdoors in order to capture natural light, shade, and colour. This practice relates the Macchiaioli to the French Impressionists who came to prominence a few years later, although the Macchiaioli pursued somewhat different purposes. Their movement began in Florence in the late 1850s.


title: En plein air

text: In England the Newlyn School was also a major proponent of the technique in the latter 19th century. There were lesser known artist colonies practising, including a loose collective at Amberley in West Sussex centred around the Paris trained Edward Stott who produced atmospheric rural landscapes that were highly popular among some late Victorians.


title: En plein air

text: The movement expanded to America, starting in California then moving to other American locales notable for their natural light qualities, including the Hudson River Valley in New York.


title: En plein air

text: The act of outdoor painting from observation has been continually popular well into the 21st century.


title: En plein air

text: It was during the mid-19th century that the 'box easel', typically known as the 'French box easel' or 'field easel', was invented. It is uncertain who developed it, but these highly portable easels with telescopic legs and built-in paint box and palette made it easier to go into the forest and up the hillsides. Still made today, they remain a popular choice (even for home use) since they fold up to the size of a brief case and thus are easy to store.


title: En plein air

text: The Pochade Box is a compact box that allows the artist to keep all their supplies and palette within the box and have the work on the inside of the lid. Some designs allow for a larger canvas which can be held by clamps built into the lid. There are designs which can also hold a few wet painting canvases or panels within the lid. These boxes have a rising popularity as while they are mainly used for "plein air" painting, they can also be used in the studio, home, or classroom. Since pochade boxes are mainly used for painting on location, the canvas or work surface may be small, usually not more than 20 inches (50 cm).


title: En plein air

text: Challenges include the type of paint used to paint outdoors, animals, bugs, onlookers, and environmental conditions such as weather. Acrylic paint may harden and dry quickly in warm, sunny weather, and it cannot be reused. On the opposite side of the spectrum is the challenge of painting in moist or damp conditions with precipitation. The advent of "plein air" painting predated the invention of acrylics. The traditional and well-established method of painting "en plein air" incorporates the use of oil paint.


title: En plein air

text: French impressionist painters such as Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro, Alfred Sisley, and Pierre-Auguste Renoir advocated "plein air" painting, and much of their work was done outdoors in the diffuse light of a large white umbrella. Claude Monet was an avid en "plein air" artist who deduced that to seize the closeness and likeness of an outside setting at a specific moment one had to be outside to do so rather than just paint an outside setting in their studio. In the second half of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century in Russia, painters such as Vasily Polenov, Isaac Levitan, Valentin Serov, Konstantin Korovin and I. E. Grabar were known for painting "en plein air".


title: En plein air

text: But enthusiasts of "plein air" painting were not limited to the Old World. American impressionists too, such as those of the Old Lyme school, were avid painters "en plein air". American impressionist painters noted for this style during this era included Guy Rose, Robert William Wood, Mary DeNeale Morgan, John Gamble, and Arthur Hill Gilbert. In Canada, the Group of Seven and Tom Thomson are examples of "en plein air" advocates.


title: Be the Cowboy

text: Be the Cowboy is the fifth studio album by Japanese-American indie rock musician Mitski, released on August 17, 2018, through Dead Oceans. Produced by longtime collaborator Patrick Hyland, the album widens Mitski's palette with a return to the piano featured on her first two records alongside synthesizers, horns and the guitar that became her signature instrument. Upon its release, "Be the Cowboy" received widespread acclaim from music critics, who later ranked it among the best albums of 2018. It was preceded by the singles "Geyser", "Nobody", and "Two Slow Dancers". "Be the Cowboy" was Mitski's first album to chart on the Billboard 200, and also entered the charts in Canada, Ireland, and the United Kingdom.


title: Be the Cowboy

text: In a statement, Mitski said she experimented in narrative and fiction for the album, and said she was inspired by "the image of someone alone on a stage, singing solo with a single spotlight trained on them in an otherwise dark room." She recorded the album with longtime producer Patrick Hyland, and stated that "for most of the tracks, we didn't layer the vocals with doubles or harmonies, to achieve that campy 'person singing alone on stage' atmosphere." She also said the album is about her reconnecting with her feelings: "I had been on the road for a long time, which is so isolating, and had to run my own business at the same time. A lot of this record was me not having any feelings, being completely spent but then trying to rally myself and wake up and get back to Mitski."


title: Be the Cowboy

text: "Be The Cowboy" has been characterized as a "genre-defying" pop, pop-punk, indie rock, art pop, electrowave, disco, and alt-pop record, with elements of rock, chamber pop, funk, synth-pop, punk, techno-surf, country rock, and Eurodisco.


title: Be the Cowboy

text: The album was made available for pre-order on May 14, 2018, without prior announcement. "Geyser" was released as the lead single from the album on the same day along with a music video directed by Zia Anger, who also directed the music video for "Your Best American Girl" from "Puberty 2" (2016). The song was previously performed in 2014 on WNYU Radio and Hampshire College. On June 26, Mitski released "Nobody" as the second single alongside a music video directed by Christopher Good which was shot over five days in Kansas City. The third and final single to precede the album, "Two Slow Dancers", was released on August 9.


title: Be the Cowboy

text: In support of the album, Mitski embarked on a tour including North American and European legs called Be the Cowboy Tour.


title: Be the Cowboy

text: At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, "Be the Cowboy" received an average score of 87, based on 30 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim". Critics praised Mitski's ability to deftly move from the personal lyrics on her previous album "Puberty 2" to more conceptual themes. AllMusic writer Marcy Donelson stated that "rather than being a disappointment, "Be the Cowboy"s point of view provides a brilliant twist, one that channels all the unease, unpredictability, and intuitiveness of Mitski's previous work—even for those who don't take in the lyrics." Laura Snapes similarly commended the album in a review for "The Guardian"; "Mitski's songwriting trademarks are strong enough to transcend the stylistic revamp – arrangements that are rich without being precious (Pink in the Night), plus her terrifically mordant worldview."


title: Be the Cowboy

text: "Pitchfork"s Quinn Moreland called the album Mitski's greatest to date, stating that "she's never sounded so large, even in the record's quietest moments." "Rolling Stone"s Will Hermes wrote, "There may be nothing explicitly political in the songs on "Be the Cowboy". But there's plenty implicit, from the DIY American mythology of the title, to the way the songs validate voices that are shaky, hurting, irrational, and damaged, while also being smart, wry, powerful, and deserving of love." "The A.V. Club" critic Katie Rife said, "Although "Be The Cowboy" sees Mitski fully transformed from her lo-fi beginnings in terms of production, her post-Pixies guitar-rock tendencies still come through strong, albeit now more lush and kaleidoscopic than buzzing and raucous." Sarah Murphy from "Exclaim!" applauded the album, saying "The album is all the more impressive because her words and music are meticulously calculated, expertly arranged and still filled with feeling."


title: The Big Bang Theory (season 4)

text: The fourth season of the American sitcom "The Big Bang Theory", began airing on CBS on September 23, 2010. Melissa Rauch and Mayim Bialik auditioned and were upgraded in the cast during the fourth season as Dr. Bernadette Rostenkowski and Dr. Amy Farrah Fowler, respectively.


title: The Big Bang Theory (season 4)

text: Johnny Galecki received a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series at the 63rd Primetime Emmy Awards for the episode, "The Benefactor Factor". Jim Parsons won the award for the episode "The Agreement Dissection".


title: The Big Bang Theory (season 4)

text: Penny dates a couple of guys including the dense Zack who likes the "science dudes". Sheldon begins a platonic relationship with Amy. Howard reconnects with Bernadette eventually asking her to marry him. Leonard hooks up with and later dates Raj's sister Priya. Penny becomes friends with Amy and expresses regret at breaking up with Leonard.


title: The Big Bang Theory (season 4)

text: During the season, Kaley Cuoco's character Penny was absent from episodes 5 and 6 after she fell off a horse and the horse broke her leg. When returning to the series, she was shown working as a bartender instead of waitressing at her usual workplace, The Cheesecake Factory, to hide her injury. In January 2011, "The Big Bang Theory" was renewed for the next additional three years; extending it through the 2013–2014 season, for a fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth season.


title: The Big Bang Theory (season 4)

text: The fourth season received particular praise for character developments. Alan Sepinwall of Uproxx praised the additions of Bernadette and Amy to the cast, writing that "With Amy Farrah Fowler and Bernadette promoted to semi-permanent status, the show is now able to spend large chunks of each episode focusing only on the women, and in the process has made Penny a much more well-rounded character rather than just a foil for the nerds". Emily VanDerWerff of "The A.V. Club" wrote that "Jim Parsons and Kaley Cuoco's interplay remains the show's secret weapon", and Eric Hochberger of TV Fanatic wrote: "Really though, everything about the main story worked amazing. Mayim fits in perfectly in "The Big Bang Theory" cast and played off of Kaley Cuoco just as well as Emmy Award-winning Parsons".


title: Quantrill's Raiders

text: Quantrill's Raiders were the best-known of the pro-Confederate partisan guerrillas (also known as "bushwhackers") who fought in the American Civil War. Their leader was William Quantrill and they included Jesse James and his brother Frank.


title: Quantrill's Raiders

text: Early in the war Missouri and Kansas were nominally under Union government control and became subject to widespread violence as groups of Confederate bushwhackers and anti-slavery Jayhawkers competed for control. The town of Lawrence, Kansas, a center of anti-slavery sentiment, had outlawed Quantrill's men and jailed some of their young women. In August 1863, Quantrill led an attack on the town, killing more than 180 civilians, supposedly in retaliation for the casualties caused when the women's jail collapsed.


title: Quantrill's Raiders

text: The Confederate government, which had granted Quantrill a field commission under the Partisan Ranger Act, was outraged and withdrew support for such irregular forces. By 1864 Quantrill had lost control of the group, which split up into small bands. Some, including Quantrill, were killed in various engagements. Others lived on to hold reunions many years later, when the name Quantrill's Raiders began to be used. The James brothers formed their own gang and conducted robberies for years as a continuing insurgency in the region.


title: Quantrill's Raiders

text: The Missouri-Kansas border area was fertile ground for the outbreak of guerrilla warfare when the Civil War erupted in 1861. The historian Albert Castel wrote:


title: Quantrill's Raiders

text: In February 1861, Missouri voters elected delegates to a statewide convention, which rejected secession by a vote of 89-1. Unionists, led by regular US Army commander Nathaniel Lyon and Frank Blair of the politically-powerful Blair family, fought for political and military control across the state against the increasingly pro-secessionist forces, led by Governor Claiborne Jackson and future Confederate General Sterling Price. By June, open warfare occurred between Union forces and troops supporting the Confederacy. Guerrilla warfare erupted throughout the state and intensified in August after the Union defeat at the Battle of Wilson's Creek.


title: Quantrill's Raiders

text: By August 1862, with the Union victory at the Battle of Pea Ridge, Missouri was free of significant regular Confederate troops, but the insurgent violence continued. The most notorious guerrilla force was led by William Clarke Quantrill.


title: Quantrill's Raiders

text: Quantrill was not the only Confederate guerrilla operating in Missouri, but he rapidly gained the greatest notoriety. He and his men ambushed Union patrols and supply convoys, seized the mail, and occasionally struck towns on both sides of the Kansas-Missouri border. Reflecting the internecine nature of the guerrilla conflict in Missouri, Quantrill directed much of his effort against pro-Union civilians by attempting to drive them from the territory that he operated. Quantrill's guerrillas attacked Jayhawkers, Missouri State Militia, and Union troops and relied primarily on ambush and raids.


title: Quantrill's Raiders

text: Under his direction, Confederate guerrillas perfected military tactics such as disguises, co-ordinated and synchronized attacks, planned dispersal after an attack that used preplanned routes and relays of horses, and technical methods such as the use of multiple .36-cal. Colt revolvers for increased firepower and their improved accuracy over the .44-cal.


title: Quantrill's Raiders

text: On 15 August 1862, Quantrill was granted a field commission as a captain in the Confederate army under the Confederate Partisan Ranger Act. Other officers were elected by the men, and Quantrill often referred to himself as a colonel. Despite the legal responsibility assumed by the Confederate government, Quantrill often acted on his own with little concern for his government's policy or orders. His most notable operation was the Lawrence massacre, a revenge raid on Lawrence, Kansas, in August 1863.


title: Quantrill's Raiders

text: Lawrence was the historic base of operations for abolitionist and Jayhawker organizations. Pro-slavery forces also operated in the area, as both sides tried to gain power to determine whether Kansas would allow slavery. During the period of border warfare (1855–1861), the region became known as "Bleeding Kansas" in the press. During the Civil War, Jayhawkers continued their raids into western Missouri, where slavery was concentrated in the area known as Little Dixie along the Missouri River. Robberies, theft, arson, and murders of citizens were committed by both sides.


title: Quantrill's Raiders

text: In August 1863, Union authorities assigned to the so-called District of the Border were frustrated by the hit-and-run tactics of Quantrill's guerrillas, particularly the aid provided by Confederate sympathizers in western Missouri border counties. Authorities began imprisoning the female members of the known guerrillas' families, with the intent of banishing them. The females, some teenagers, were jailed in Kansas City, Missouri, in makeshift jails, including the house on Grand Street in which local artist George Caleb Bingham kept his studio. The Union soldiers enlarged the space on the first floor by removing supporting beams. As a result, the structure collapsed, maiming and killing several women. The deaths of the women outraged the pro-Southern guerrillas.


title: Quantrill's Raiders

text: Calling for revenge, Quantrill organized a unified partisan raid on Lawrence although there is evidence that the raid had been planned before the collapse. Co-ordinating across vast distances, small bands of partisans rode across of open prairie to rendezvous on Mount Oread in the early morning hours before the raid. Quantrill's men burned a quarter of the town's buildings and killed at least 150 men and boys. One of the main targets of the raid, abolitionist U.S. Sen. Jim Lane, escaped by fleeing into corn fields. The Lawrence raid was the most deadly and infamous operation of Missouri's Confederate guerrillas.


title: Quantrill's Raiders

text: The Confederate leadership was appalled by the raid and withdrew even tacit support from the "bushwhackers." After the raid, Quantrill led his men behind Confederate lines down to Sherman, Texas, where they wintered in 1863-1864. Along the way, they attacked Fort Baxter (Kansas), and ambushed and killed near 100 Union troops in the Battle of Baxter Springs. In Texas, they continued to embarrass the Confederate command by their often-lawless actions.


title: Quantrill's Raiders

text: In Texas in 1864, two of Quantrill's Raiders, the Calhoun Brothers, were killed in a gunfight with Collin County Sheriff Captain James L. Read. Read was able to escape Quantrill's rage after he went into hiding but was lynched by Quantrill's supporters in Tyler, Texas on May 18,1864.


title: Quantrill's Raiders

text: Some Confederate officers appreciated the effectiveness of these irregulars against Union forces, which rarely gained the upper hand over them, especially Quantrill. Among them was General Joseph O. Shelby, who rode south into Mexico with his troops, rather than surrender at the end of the war. His command was remembered as "The Undefeated."


title: Quantrill's Raiders

text: Among Quantrill's men was an enslaved man, John Noland. John was owned by Francis Asbury Noland. There is no evidence that John was given his freedom before or during war.


title: Quantrill's Raiders

text: John was reputed to be Quantrill's best scout and helped to scout Lawrence before the 1863 raid. He joined Quantrill's raiders because of the abuse that his family suffered at the hands of Kansas jayhawkers. Postwar pictures show him sitting with comrades at reunions of the Raiders.


title: Quantrill's Raiders

text: In the 1999 film "Ride with the Devil", which depicts a group of fictionalized Missouri bushwhackers, the character Daniel Holt was inspired by Noland.


title: Quantrill's Raiders

text: In late winter 1863, Quantrill lost his hold over his men. In early 1864, the guerrillas returned from Texas to Missouri in separate bands, none being led by Quantrill.


title: Quantrill's Raiders

text: Quantrill's guerrillas, as a group, did not maintain operations in winters along the border. Quantrill took his men to Cedar Mills, Texas, over winter and offered his services to the Confederacy. Their assignments included attacking teamsters who supplied the Union, repelling Union and Jayhawker raids into northern Texas, warding off Indian attacks, and policing and rounding up deserters roaming in Texas and Oklahoma. The guerrillas were rowdy, undisciplined, and dangerous. Quantrill lost his control of the men in the winter of 1863-1864.


title: Quantrill's Raiders

text: The men split into bands and were commanded by Lieutenants "Bloody Bill" Anderson and George M. Todd. The guerrillas returned to Missouri in early 1864, and Quantrill took several of his loyal troops east, towards Kentucky. In Kentucky, pro-Union soldiers and hired killers tracked Quantrill and his men. They were cornered in a barn, where a shootout resulted in Quantrill being injured in the spine and left unable to move. He was arrested, but he reportedly died a week later from his wounds.


title: Quantrill's Raiders

text: Anderson's splinter group of guerrillas was assigned to duty in 1864 north of the Missouri River, during the General Sterling Price raid. He was to disrupt Union operations north of the Missouri River and draw Union troops toward his cavalry command. Anderson was reportedly shot dead north of Orrick. His body was dragged through the streets of Richmond, Missouri. His gravemarker is in the old Mormon Pioneer cemetery, in the extreme southwest corner, behind some pine trees and near the road.


title: Quantrill's Raiders

text: Todd's splinter group was attached to Major General Sterling Price's raid south of the Missouri River. He functioned as a cavalry scout. Todd died after being shot out of his saddle by a Union sniper, north of Independence, Missouri, a day before the Battle of Westport.


title: Quantrill's Raiders

text: Captain William H. "Bill" "Stuart" [Stewart] of Quantrill's Raiders was shot and killed November 1864 in Howard County Missouri as he tried to rob a Union cattle drover.


title: Quantrill's Raiders

text: Some of the guerrillas continued under the leadership of Archie Clement. He kept a group together after the war and harassed the Missouri state government during the tumultuous year of 1866. In December 1866, state militiamen killed Clement in Lexington. Several of his men continued as outlaws, emerging in time as the James-Younger Gang. The last survivor of Quantrill's Raiders died in 1940.


title: Royce Pierreson

text: Royce Pierreson (born 1 April 1989) is a British actor and narrator. Royce is best known for his roles as DC Jamie Desford in the fourth series of "Line of Duty" and as Reece in "Murdered by My Boyfriend."


title: Royce Pierreson

text: He has since appeared as Dr Jamie Cole in "Our Girl" (2016), Jason Hales in "Wanderlust" (2018), Burt Rhodes in "Judy" (2019), Istredd in "The Witcher" (2019–present), and Doctor John Watson in "The Irregulars" (2021).


title: Royce Pierreson

text: Pierreson was born and grew up in Saltash, Cornwall, England. He studied drama for three years at City College Plymouth, In 2011, he graduated from the Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama.


title: Royce Pierreson

text: In 2014, Pierreson appeared in the television film "Murdered by My Boyfriend." In 2016, he appeared as Jamie Cole in the television show "Our Girl."


title: Royce Pierreson

text: In December 2022, Pierreson appeared as fitness instructor Miguel in "I Am... Ruth" alongside Kate Winslet.


title: Royce Pierreson

text: In addition to work in film and on the television, Pierreson has had roles in many theatre productions. He was in a 2012 production of "Scarberia" at the Theatre Royal in York, a 2013 production of "Blair's Children" at the Cockpit Theatre in Marylebone, and a 2015 production of Patrick Marber's "Three Days in the Country" at the Lyttelton Theatre in London.


title: Rectouterine pouch

text: The rectouterine pouch (recto-uterine pouch), pouch of Douglas, or rectovaginal pouch is the extension of the peritoneum between the rectum and the posterior wall of the uterus in the human female. Its anterior boundary is formed by the posterior fornix of the vagina.


title: Rectouterine pouch

text: In women, the rectouterine pouch is the deepest point of the peritoneal cavity. It lies posterior to the uterus and anterior to the rectum. (The pouch on the other side of the uterus is the vesicouterine pouch.) It is near the posterior fornix of the vagina.


title: Rectouterine pouch

text: It is normal to have approximately 1 to 3 ml (or mL) of fluid in the rectouterine pouch throughout the menstrual cycle. After ovulation there is between 4 and 5 ml of fluid in the rectouterine pouch.


title: Rectouterine pouch

text: In men, the region corresponding to the rectouterine pouch is the rectovesical pouch, which lies between the urinary bladder and rectum.


title: Rectouterine pouch

text: The rectouterine pouch, being the lowest part of the peritoneal cavity in a woman at supine position, is a common site for the spread of pathology such as ascites, tumour, endometriosis, pus, etc.


title: Rectouterine pouch

text: As it is the furthest point of the abdominopelvic cavity in women, it is a site where infection and fluids typically collect.


title: Rectouterine pouch

text: The rectouterine pouch can be used in the treatment of end-stage kidney failure in patients who are treated by peritoneal dialysis. The tip of the dialysis catheter is placed into the deepest point of the pouch.


title: Rectouterine pouch

text: Culdocentesis is a procedure that draws fluid from the pouch, by way of the vagina using a needle. Fluid drawn using a scalpel incision is called a colpotomy.


title: Rectouterine pouch

text: The rectouterine (or recto-uterine) pouch is also called the rectouterine excavation, uterorectal pouch, rectovaginal pouch, pouch of Douglas (after anatomist James Douglas, 1675–1742), Douglas pouch, Douglas cavity, Douglas space, Douglas cul-de-sac, Ehrhardt–Cole recess, Ehrhardt–Cole cul-de-sac, cavum Douglasi, or excavatio rectouterina. The combining forms reflect the rectum ("recto-", "-rectal") and uterus ("utero-", "-uterine").


title: Rectouterine pouch

text: In Obstetrics and gynaecology, it is commonly referred to as the pouch of Douglas or the posterior cul-de-sac.


title: Rectouterine pouch

text: The Douglas fold (rectouterine plica), Douglas line, and Douglas septum are likewise named after the same James Douglas.


title: Rectouterine pouch

text: In Ghost World the Trivia Question at the Cafe where Scarlett Johansson's character works is "where in the human body is the Douglas Pouch located?"


title: Marsupilami

text: Marsupilami is a comic book character and fictional animal species created by André Franquin. Its first appearance was in the 31 January 1952 issue of the Franco-Belgian comics magazine "Spirou". Since then it appeared regularly in the popular Belgian comics series "Spirou & Fantasio", as a pet of the main characters, until Franquin stopped working on the series; the character's final appearance in the series during Franquin's lifetime was in 1970.


title: Marsupilami

text: In the late 1980s, another character of the same species, distinct from the pet Marsupilami owned by Spirou and Fantasio, got its own successful spin-off series of comic albums entitled "Marsupilami", written by Greg, Yann, and Dugomier, and drawn by Batem. The 1987 release of the first "Marsupilami" album marked the debut publication of the publishing house Marsu Productions, which was named after the character.


title: Marsupilami

text: "Marsupilami" has since become a multimedia franchise, with multiple animated series, a feature film, a "Marsupilami" Sega Genesis video game and a variety of other merchandise. The asteroid 98494 Marsupilami is .


title: Marsupilami

text: Marsupilami's adventures had been translated to several languages, like Dutch, German, Greek, Catalan, Spanish, Portuguese, English, and several Scandinavian languages. The most recent English translations are published by the British publishing house Cinebook. More than three million albums of the "Marsupilami" series are claimed to have been sold by Marsu Productions.


title: Marsupilami

text: In 2013, Dupuis bought Marsu Productions and its characters, thereby allowing a new production of "Spirou & Fantasio" adventures including the Marsupilami. The Marsupilami returned to the "Spirou & Fantasio" series in the album "La Colère du Marsupilami", released in 2016.


title: Marsupilami

text: The name is a portmanteau of the words "marsupial", "Pilou-Pilou" (the French name for Eugene the Jeep, a character Franquin loved as a child) and "ami", French for "friend".


title: Marsupilami

text: The species' binomial name is given in Franquin's "Spirou et les héritiers" as "Marsupilamus fantasii". Its specific epithet refers to the character Fantasio, who was tasked with finding a specimen by his late uncle. He successfully found one on his expedition to South America with Spirou and subsequently brought it to Europe, where it later became the pair's pet.


title: Marsupilami

text: In "Houba Banana", a 1997 album from the "Marsupilami" spin-off comic series written by Xavier Fauche and Eric Adam, its binomial name is given as "Marsupilami franquini", referring to the real-life creator of the species, Franquin.


title: Marsupilami

text: The marsupilami is a black-spotted yellow leopard-like creature with dog-like ears. Male marsupilamis have an incredibly long, strong, flexible, prehensile tail, used for almost any task. Female marsupilamis have a much shorter tail, but still long compared to real animals. Both the male and female are able to use their tail as a weapon, by tightening the end into a fist and the remainder of the tail into a springlike spiral for maximal force. This attack was responsible for the Danish and Norwegian translators choosing words similar to "spiral" over "marsupial" as the creature's name. Unlike the males, the females also walk on the tips of their toes. When the animal rebounds, he makes the noise: "Boing". Males are also drawn with their eyes not completely separated, as if the sclerae of both eyes have merged, while females are often drawn with two completely separate eyes. Female marsupilamis also have a different voice compared to the males. Males say "houba" most of the time, while females say "houbi". According to the "L'Encyclopédie du Marsupilami", they are monotremes like the platypus and echidna, which explains why they lay eggs while having mammalian features. Like parrots and some corvid birds, the Marsupilami can also mimic human speech, and like an amphibian is able to breathe underwater as well as on land.


title: Marsupilami

text: The appellation "The Marsupilami" originally referred to the individual captured and then adopted by Spirou and Fantasio, which they never bothered to name because he was the only known specimen. The "Spirou & Fantasio" album "Le nid des Marsupilamis" introduces more marsupilami characters, none of whom are in captivity; the album is mostly concerned with a documentary-within-the-comic about the life of a family of marsupilamis living in the wild in Palombia. The later spin-off series "Marsupilami", drawn by Batem, stars this family, and the title of the series, ""Marsupilami"", refers to the father in this family, who is also unnamed, and not to the pet Marsupilami owned by Spirou and Fantasio.


title: Marsupilami

text: In these series, Marsupilami's wife is referred to as Marsupilamie (a female version of the name) but their three young are named, respectively, Bibi, Bibu and Bobo. Mars le noir ("Mars the Black") is another specimen, which first appears in the album "Mars le Noir". A former captive marsupilami, he first finds it hard to live again in the forest. After failing to seduce Marsupilamie, he becomes jealous of Marsupilami and nearly gets into a fight with him. Later, he meets a black female marsupilami, named Vénus, who becomes his mate. In "Baby Prinz", another specimen, an elderly male who lives in a zoo, is featured. Altogether, that comes to eight specimens in Palombia, plus Spirou and Fantasio's pet.


title: Marsupilami

text: Marsupilamis have been shown with multiple different fur colourations – yellow, yellow with black spots, black, white, white with black spots, and black with yellow spots. The most frequently seen fur colours are yellow with black spots, yellow with no spots, and black all over, as these are the variations seen within the main Marsupilami family in the "Marsupilami" comic series; these are also the fur colours that are regularly seen in the French animated series featuring the same family.


title: Marsupilami

text: By the late 1960s, Franquin decided to retire from drawing the "Spirou & Fantasio" series, which was passed to a new artist, Jean-Claude Fournier. Franquin did not give permission for the character to continue appearing in the series after the first Fournier story, "Le faiseur d'or" ("The Gold Maker"), in which Franquin drew the Marsupilami himself. Spirou's Marsupilami ceased to feature in the comics after that, and was absent from "Spirou & Fantasio" until 2016.


title: Marsupilami

text: In 1987, Franquin launched a new series centering around the Marsupilami with the new publishing house, Marsu Productions. This series featured the Marsupilami family which had appeared in "Le nid des Marsupilamis".


title: Marsupilami

text: The first four volumes were illustrated by both Franquin and Batem. From the fifth volume onwards, Batem is the sole illustrator of the series.


title: Marsupilami

text: The stories in the first two volumes were written by Greg. Afterwards, Greg stopped working on the series, and the next seven volumes were written by Yann. Various others have written for the series since; the most recent writer is Colman, who has received writing credits in the twelve most recent volumes.


title: Marsupilami

text: The first published album of the series is "La Queue du Marsupilami". In 2002, an album #0 was published, consisting of short stories featuring the Marsupilami, drawn by Franquin before 1987.


title: Marsupilami

text: An early example of an English-language translation of "Spirou & Fantasio" was published in 1960, when the Franquin story "Le nid des Marsupilamis" was printed in the weekly British boys' magazine "Knockout", under the title "Dickie and Birdbath Watch the Woggle." In that early localization, Spirou was called "Dickie", Fantasio was "Birdbath", Seccotine was "Cousin Constance", the Marsupilami was "the Woggle", and the female Marsupilami was "the Wiggle."


title: Marsupilami

text: One album of "Spirou & Fantasio" featuring Marsupilami, number 15, was translated to English by Fantasy Flight Publishing in 1995. Plans on releasing number 16 ended halfway through the translation process, due to bad sales.


title: Marsupilami

text: In 2007, Egmont's subsidiary Euro Books translated the "Spirou & Fantasio" albums numbered 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 14 into English for the Indian market.


title: Marsupilami

text: The British publishing company Cinebook have published English-language translations of "Spirou & Fantasio", including some of Franquin's albums featuring the Marsupilami. The first of Franquin's albums that they translated was "The Marsupilami Thieves", which they released in 2013. In 2017, Cinebook began to release English translations of the spin-off series "Marsupilami".


title: Marsupilami

text: Disney's version of the Marsupilami first appeared on television in "Raw Toonage" in 1992, and was then spun off into his own eponymous show on the CBS network and Syndication in 1993. Marsupilami's supporting characters included among others Maurice the gorilla, Stewart the elephant, Eduardo the jaguar, Leonardo the lion, and Norman the poacher. The original Marsupilami stories by Franquin never featured a gorilla or elephant in the Marsupilami's wild habitat, since those species are native to Africa, whereas the Marsupilami species in the comics was said to come from South America. Another change is that Marsupilami can speak; his comic counterpart can only mimic sound like a parrot. In this version, Marsupilami is voiced by Steve Mackall.


title: Marsupilami

text: There were thirteen episodes in the series, and the series lasted one season. Reruns of the show were aired on The Disney Channel (from October 1994 to June 1995), and later on Toon Disney.


title: Marsupilami

text: A second animated series, this time produced in France, premiered in March 2000 and ran for 26 episodes on the French television channel Canal J. Produced by Cactus Animation, Marathon Production and Marsu Productions, this series more closely followed the character in the original comic.


title: Marsupilami

text: In this first season, there's a more comedic side. Marsupilami went on adventures alone or with his family (his wife Marsupilamie and their three young, Bibi, Bibu and Bobo). For example, in one episode he saved a group of circus animals, got them back to the city and saved the circus from closing. In another, he had to go to the city again to save one of his young, captured by their constant enemy, the hunter Bring M. Backalive.


title: Marsupilami

text: In the 15-episode Marsupilami and his family become best friends with a human family, The Newmans, that comes to live near them. Amanda is a Marsupilami researcher, while her husband David is a computer technician that works from home and they have two children, Leo and toddler Zoe. Leo and Marsupilami become best friends and they have many adventures, with both new friends and old enemies, like Backalive.


title: Marsupilami

text: The third series, started in 2009, features a preteen boy named Hector Forster and his aunt Diane Forster, who are going to live in the jungle for one year to study its fauna and flora. They become best friends with the Marsupilami family. Their main enemies are megalomaniac industrialist and jungle-hater Felicia Devort, who plans to level out the Palombian jungle and build the Devort City megalopolis in its place, and her two henchmen, and Blouprint. Their old enemy, hunter Bring M. Backalive, also appears.


title: Marsupilami

text: The fourth Marathon series, featured the Marsupilami family living with veterinarian Bernard Vanderstadt and his four children Sarah, Iris, Isidore and Zoe. Their mother, Caroline, frequently contacts them by phone, but appears in the last three episodes. Once again Backalive makes an appearance.


title: Marsupilami

text: Marathon's Marsupilami series has been broadcast in 37 countries. Among the countries to have received at least one season are Germany (Super RTL), Algeria (Programme National), Belgium (RTL TVI), Canada (Télé-Quebec and Teletoon), Estonia (ETV), Bulgaria (Super7), United Kingdom (Channel 4), Spain (Antena 3, Disney Channel, Toon Disney and TV3), Finland (MTV3), Cyprus (CyBC), Greece (Alter Channel), Ireland (RTÉ), Italy (Italia 1), Portugal (Prisvideo), Switzerland (TSR), Russia (THT Network), Hungary (Minimax (Hungary)), Slovenia (RTV), Serbia (Happy TV and Minimax), Montenegro (Happy TV and Minimax), Bosnia and Herzegovina (Minimax), North Macedonia (Minimax), Morocco (2M TV), Turkey (Yumurcak TV), Sri Lanka (Rupavahini), Mexico (Canal 22, Brazil (Rede Globo), Venezuela (RCTV), Indonesia (Rajawali Televisi and RCTI), Malaysia (TV3 and TV9), the Africa Pansat (CFI), Latin America (ZAZ), the Near East and Middle East (TV5 and E-Junior), Vietnam (HTV7), Thailand (United Broadcasting Corporation), South Korea (EBS), Iceland (Uppeldi EHF), and South Africa (SABC).


title: Marsupilami

text: In 2019, it was announced that a new computer animated series was in development from Belgian studio Belvision. The new series focuses on three marsupilamis named Marsu, Pila and Mi.


title: Marsupilami

text: "Sur la piste du Marsupilami" (On the Trail of the Marsupilami) is a live-action, computer-animated, comedy adventure film directed by Alain Chabat and released in 2012. Chabat himself stars in the movie alongside Jamel Debbouze, Frédéric Testot, Géraldine Nakache, Lambert Wilson, Patrick Timsit, Liya Kebede, Aïssa Maïga and The Great Khali. Though Marsupilami and his family are featured prominently, the movie features new characters rather than any of the established cast from the comics or television shows. The central focus is on French reporter Dan Geraldo (Chabat) and Palombian vet Pablito Camaron (Debbouze), whose name humorously translates to "Little Pablo Shrimp", as they go searching for the indigenous Paya people led by Queen Paya (Kebede). The duo end up in a complicated plot involving the Marsupilami, an evil botanist (Testot) who discovers the elixir of youth, and a major, (Timsit) whom the botanist teams up with to overthrow the Palombian president (Wilson) and said president's love for Celine Dion.


title: X (manga)

text: X, also known as X/1999, is a Japanese manga series created by Clamp, a creative team made up of Satsuki Igarashi, Nanase Ohkawa, Tsubaki Nekoi, and Mokona. It premiered in Kadokawa Shoten's "Monthly Asuka" "shōjo" manga magazine in May 1992 and ran there until it went on hiatus in March 2003; it has yet to be concluded. The story takes place at the end of days in the year 1999. The series follows Kamui Shiro, a young esper who returns home to Tokyo after a six-year absence to face his destiny as the one who will determine humanity's fate.


title: X (manga)

text: Kadokawa Shoten collected and published the individual chapters in 18 "tankōbon" volumes, with five chapters published in the book "All about Clamp". All but several final chapters have been published. It has been adapted into a series of audio dramas. It was followed by a 1996 anime feature film by Rintaro assisted by Ohkawa in studio Madhouse. The same studio, now led by director and writer Yoshiaki Kawajiri, made a 24-episode anime television series in 2001. Since the manga never reached its ending, the two animated adaptations have their own takes of the series' finale. Viz Media published all 18 volumes in North America, while the film and the TV series been have released on DVD by multiple distributors.


title: X (manga)

text: The series is a foray into apocalyptic fiction; it combines elements from various end-of-the-world scenarios, both secular and religious, with its own mythos. Its themes include exploring the personality of humanity, relationships with others, and external conflicts like the impending Armageddon. Despite its lack of an ending. it became one of Clamp's most iconic works in their early career, having sold more than 12 million copies and garnering mostly positive reviews for its large, varied cast and appealing illustrations. Despite its female target audience, it also attracted male readers because of its focus on action.


title: X (manga)

text: In 1999, a teenager named Kamui Shiro returns to Tokyo after a six-year absence to fulfill his mother's dying wish of changing fate. However, he keeps his distance from two childhood friends, Kotori and Fuma Monou, whom he originally treasured as a child. The end of the world is fast approaching as superhuman individuals will assure their victory. The clone Nataku steals the from Fuma's family temple, with his dying father telling his son that he is Kamui's "twin star". The Dragons of Heaven are the first to contact Kamui. Hinoto, the dreamgazer for the Japanese Legislature guides them. They are the protectors of the , spiritual barriers (in the form of buildings such as the Tokyo Tower) that hold the fabric of nature together. As long as the "kekkai" survive, Judgment Day is postponed. The Dragons of Earth are the antithesis of the Dragons of Heaven. Their mission is to destroy the "kekkai" and unleash earthquakes so Earth can be cured of the plague of humanity. They were assembled by Hinoto's sister Kanoe, secretary to the Governor of Tokyo.


title: X (manga)

text: Kamui is forced to choose between the two sides, he concludes he only wants to protect Kotori and Fuma, and becomes a Dragon of Heaven. At the same time, Fuma has a change of personality and becomes the "Kamui" of the Dragons of Earth as he was destined to be Kamui's opposite. Fuma murders Kotori and swears to kill Kamui. The Dragon of Heaven Subaru Sumeragi helps Kamui to overcome this traumatic experience, and he decides to face reality. Just like Subaru decided to search for the Dragon of Earth, Seishiro Sakurazuka, who killed his sister Hokuto years ago, Subaru inspires Kamui to face reality and avoid another catastrophe in his life. Kamui decides he wishes to bring Fuma back to normal. Kamui joins the Dragons of Heaven in their fight against the Dragons of Earth. Across the manga, Kamui and his allies face the Dragons of Earths multiple times but cannot protect most barriers, resulting in multiple earthquakes taking down Tokyo. In a one-on-one match, Seishiro activates Hokuto's dying spell so that Subaru would be forced kill him. Fuma reveals that Seishiro's wish was leaving a mark in Subaru. Following an eye transplant from Seishiro's body, Subaru replaces the late Dragon of Earth. The Dragon of Heaven Arashi Kishu loses her maiden powers after having a sexual relationship with her ally Sorata Arisugawa. A dark alter ego Hinoto kidnaps her to turn her into a Dragon of Earth. As these events occur, Tokyo has nearly been destroyed and is flooded, and Kamui and Fuma wield their Sacred Swords needed to clash in the final fight of the war. Both Subaru and Fuma claim that Kamui cannot change the future unless he realizes his own wish.


title: X (manga)

text: The manga artists Clamp created "X". Influenced by the works of Go Nagai and Kyokutei Bakin, the story develops the group's ideas on humanity's responsibility to itself, its family and the planet. After the success of "Tokyo Babylon" and "Clamp School Detectives", their editor at "Monthly Asuka", Seiichiro Aoki, approached the members of Clamp to script a longer series. Writer Nanase Ohkawa, the group's head writer, seized the opportunity to script her long-in-development "end of the world" epic. Conceived while she was still in middle school, Ohkawa's original story focused on a group of warriors fighting a losing battle in the name of justice. While the idea never materialized, many aspects were carried over into Clamp's manga, including the lead characters of Kamui and Fuma. Kamui was originally written as a high-school student from Kotori Monou's point of view to appeal to the "shōjo" audience of young females. However, poor response from readers led to Clamp changing their characterizations. Ohkawa aimed to show characters from their previous works in the "X" resulting in multiple crossovers. The title—"X"—was chosen because it has no fixed meaning. In mathematics, it is a common variable. Beyond mathematics, "X" is a generic placeholder whose value is secret or unknown. "X" is also a cruciform, an allusion to Christian mythos, and the representation of death and rebirth in Kabbalah.


title: X (manga)

text: Ohkawa cites Go Nagai's "Devilman" as a stylistic and thematic influence. Beyond his penchant for drawing extreme violence, Nagai's writing involves themes like the nature of good and evil and fear, ideas that left an impression on Clamp's writer at an early age. Like "Devilman", "X" follows two male best friends destined to fight each other at Armageddon, a confrontation brought about by the murder of the hero's childhood sweetheart. The rest of the cast includes characters from the group's entire canon, including unpublished works, effectively creating an entire world inhabited by their creations. The ensemble cast, inspired on Kyokutei Bakin's "Nansō Satomi Hakkenden", includes Subaru Sumeragi and Seishiro Sakurazuka from "Tokyo Babylon," and the main characters of "Clamp School Detectives". Their first illustration of Kamui gave them a feeling of Ashura, a character from "RG Veda" based on his appearance in Tokyo's destroyed area.


title: X (manga)

text: Several of the series' characters were created using the Osamu Tezuka's Star System technique, where old designs are incorporated in new characters, except for Kamui, who proved challenging because of his role. He was made to stand apart from other characters, and Ohkawa called his hairstyle and school uniform average. Clamp's lead artist Mokona believes this was influenced by the heroic character-type upon which he was based. In contrast, Kamui and Fuma were new characters whose designs were revised to fit their characters. Subaru and Seishiro reappear in Clamp's manga "X" because their relationship parallels that of the lead Kamui and the main antagonist Fuma. They serve as an example to Kamui and Fuma. One of "X"s most important plot developments is the question of what these two will do, so as not end up like Subaru and Seishiro. Clamp has compared the bond between Subaru and Kamui with that of siblings. The fight sequences were inspired by the manga "Dragon Ball", most specifically by author Akira Toriyama's use of white backgrounds.


title: X (manga)

text: "X" is Clamp's take on the apocalyptic fiction genre. The series combines elements from various end of the world scenarios and myths, including Christian eschatology, with Clamp's own modern mythology to tell the tale of the fate of the world. The Apocalypse of John inspires the "X" mythos with Tokyo standing in as a modern-day Babylon. Like the biblical city, Clamp's Tokyo is "the habitation of devils, and the hold of every foul spirit, and a cage of every unclean and hateful bird," (Rev. 18:2 KJV) and is slated for destruction.


title: X (manga)

text: Clamp found issues with the amount of gore they aimed to portray, especially Kotori's death foreshadowed in dream scenes. This was mostly affected by the concern over themes of violence in video games present in the 1990s. The writers feared that toning down the violence would negatively affect the manga. Another death scene that left Clamp facing issues was when Fuma decapitates Saiki, which led to more negative responses from the readers. Ohkawa claimed the deaths were meant to be cruel, but the narrative did not fit the "shojo" demography (young girls). The Kobe child murders where Clamp received criticism for the similarities between fictional murders and real life also had an effect.


title: X (manga)

text: Kamui is established as a Christ figure. He is prophesied to return to Tokyo and the one who will determine humanity's fate. His miraculous birth and his given name reinforce the construction of Kamui as a messiah. "Kamui", like "Christ", doubles as a title that alludes to the character's divine nature. Apocalyptic allusions abound with respect to nomenclature. The Dragons of Heaven take their moniker from the seven seals introduced in Chapter 5 of the Book of Revelation, while the antagonistic Angels allude to the seven celestial beings ordered to "go [their] ways, and pour out the vials of the wrath of God upon the earth" (Rev. 16:1 KJV).


title: X (manga)

text: Other apocalyptic standards like earthquakes are employed, but the apocalypse of Clamp's manga trades the religious element for an environmental theme. Inspired by the Gaia theory that the Earth itself is one living organism, Ohkawa crafts an endtime brought on by humanity's abuse of the planet. The constant earthquakes the Dragons of Earth cause resulted in a negative backlash from readers and editors because of similar incidents in real life. The story reflects environmental concerns in its depiction of Judgment Day. Mankind exists in binary opposition to the Earth. By the end of days, humanity has become such a nuisance that the only way to save the planet is to destroy the whole of civilization. With mankind gone, the planet can regulate itself back to health and experience a rebirth. The Seals, however, look to preserve the status quo and to entrust the future of the planet to the people. "Teito Monogatari", an award-winning historical fantasy novel, inspired aspects of "X's" mythology.


title: X (manga)

text: The conflict between the Dragons of Heaven and the Dragons of Earth is at the heart of the series. Like its predecessor "Tokyo Babylon", "X" deals with societal issues. Being set in the present provides an outlet for the authors to reflect and comment on Japan's state of affairs. But unlike "Tokyo Babylon", where the characters were vocal in their concerns, topics in "X" go unspoken and are implied. The story places an emphasis on familial dignity and individualism. "X" delves into the relationship between Man and the Earth. Ohkawa talks of how mankind's concern for the preservation, restoration and improvement of the planet stems from a desire to perpetuate its own existence. She explains, "people will save the Earth to save themselves, but who will risk themselves to save the Earth"?


title: X (manga)

text: "X" plays out like a tragedy, where the characters are at the mercy of forces greater than themselves. The series shares some motifs with apocalyptic literature, like the disclosure of future events through dreams, and establishes a dual nature to its characters and concepts. Ohkawa admits to being fascinated with the doctrine of Dualism. Dualism is the interdependence between opposing elements, the generalization that two opposing-complementary forces are found in all things. She interprets it as "qualities that seem pleasant in one person but can make you hate the next. That's the dual nature we all have." Inspired by the works of Go Nagai, Ohkawa sought to create heroes capable of wrongdoing, even evil. Kamui is the personification of this doctrine. carries a double connotation: "the one who represents the majesty of God", meaning the one who protects the world and carries out God's will; and "the one who hunts the majesty of God", meaning the one who kills those given God's power and destroys the world. Kamui's decision to save the world as he knows it is a defining moment as it gives rise to his twin star, Fuma. Fuma undergoes a personality change to the point he is no longer recognizable to his best friend. He takes the name of "Kamui", thus fulfilling the dual prophecy and bringing balance to the conflict. Fuma's "Kamui" persona is Kamui's other half; it represents Kamui's potential for destruction. "Kamui" is the epitome of the evil and good that men do. The duality motif extends to the Dragons of Heaven and Earth, two groups of warriors, both alike in power, led to battle by opposite sisters.


title: X (manga)

text: Dreams are a source of inspiration for Ohkawa, and became a standard motif in her writing. Dreams in "X" depict the future, the destruction of mankind. Hinoto, dreamgazer for the Dragons of Heaven, is convinced it can be changed. Ohkawa explains it as lucid dreaming, where the individual can exert conscious control over the dream to the point it can perform impossible feats. Kakyo of the Dragons of Earth is a dreamgazer in a permanent coma who lives in the dreamscape, always dreaming of the future and knowing there is nothing he can do about it. Although he hopes for a better future, he cannot get involved and is convinced everything is predetermined, including Kamui's return.


title: X (manga)

text: By arriving in Tokyo, Kamui unwillingly sets Armageddon in motion. Kotori's death and Fuma's turning were foretold, but subject to the young man's allegiance. Thinking of the people he loves, Kamui chooses to become a Dragon of Heaven to protect them, but ends up losing them for it. Other characters are also at the mercy of fate. Sorata Arisugawa is destined to die for a woman; but, unlike Kamui, the warrior monk embraces his preordained future and chooses Arashi Kishu of the Dragons of Heaven as the one for whom he will give his life. Subaru Sumeragi expresses no interest in the future of the Earth, still he and his counterpart, Seishiro Sakurazuka, are drawn to Tokyo on the Promised Day. Even with the fatalist atmosphere that persists in the series, Ohkawa is convinced individuals exert control over their destiny the same way they choose between right and wrong.


title: X (manga)

text: "X" began serialization in Kadokawa Shoten's "Monthly Asuka" in May 1992. Publishing the series proved troublesome because of its subject matter, which depicted disasters reminiscent of real events in Japan, such as earthquakes or murders committed by juveniles. Serialization stopped in March 2003, and in March 2005 Clamp stated they were searching for a proper magazine to conclude it. The chapters were collected in eighteen "tankōbon" volumes, with the first one released on 29 July 1992, and the eighteenth on 17 September 2002. On 26 September 2006, Kadokawa Shoten published "Clamp Newtype Platinum", a special Clamp edition of the magazine "Newtype". The issue includes the "X 18.5" supplement, a re-print of five previously uncollected chapters. The series was expected to reach twenty-one volumes upon completion. The "X 18.5" chapters were later released as part of the book "All About Clamp" on 22 October 2009.


title: X (manga)

text: The North American version of the manga, retitled "X/1999" in its initial printing, was serialized in Viz Media's "Animerica Extra" and released under the "Shōjo" imprint. The magazine noted that during its initial volumes, there were issues with the handling of the series as the manga went on a hiatus with its sixth volume. In July 2001, Viz Media removed the series from "Animerica Extra" because of licensing issues, but it later returned in its March 2003 issue. Viz Media release all eighteen volumes, ending in 2005. Beginning in 2011, Viz re-issued the series in North America as three-in-one volumes, unflipped, titled "X". In Australia, the series is licensed by Madman Entertainment.


title: X (manga)

text: On 21 November 1993, SME Records released , pronounced "Double-X" in English, a short film based on Clamp's manga, set to the music of rock band X Japan. "X" features a slideshow of "X" artwork set to a medley of X Japan's songs: "Silent Jealousy," "Kurenai", and "Endless Rain" with the "X" music video directed by Shigeyuki Hayashi.


title: X (manga)

text: The "X" feature film, directed by Rintaro and co-scripted by Nanase Ohkawa, premiered in Japan on 3 August 1996. Rintaro is not certain but believes Kadokawa Shoten's editors asked him to do the film because of his work on "Harmageddon", a 1983 film that employs different themes from the "X" manga. The supernatural thriller focuses on the roles Kamui, Kotori, and Fuma play in the Apocalypse. The film was given a limited release in the United States in early 2000 and released to DVD on 25 September 2001. "X: The Destiny War", a comic book based on the feature film, was released on 30 September 1996. The X Japan song "Forever Love", composed by Yoshiki, was chosen as the film's theme song, and was later used by the former Japanese prime minister Junichiro Koizumi in a campaign advertisement in 2001.


title: X (manga)

text: Victor Entertainment released the "X" from June 1996 to December 1996. The seven audio dramas, scripted by Nanase Ohkawa, focus on the thoughts and motivations of the individual Dragons of Heaven and Earth. The feature film's voice actors perform the "Character Files". They were created to promote the film.


title: X (manga)

text: Yoshiaki Kawajiri directed the episodes from the "X" anime television series, which was first announced on 18 October 2000. Kawajiri aimed to portray Kamui and Kotori as stronger than their manga counterparts. However, he still wanted to highlight their psychological weaknesses across later episodes. In anticipation of the series' premiere, was released direct-to-DVD on 25 August 2001. Written and directed by Kawajiri, "An Omen" tells the story of the upcoming battles through the prophecies of Kakyō Kuzuki, dreamgazer for the Dragon of Earth, and acts as a primer for viewers unfamiliar with Clamp's manga. The series premiered 3 October 2001 on WOWOW satellite television and finished on 27 March 2002, totaling twenty-four episodes. Twelve DVD volumes from the series, each containing two episodes were released in Japan from 25 February 2002 to 25 January 2003 by Bandai Visual. Naoki Satō composed the series' music; two original soundtracks were released.


title: X (manga)

text: Pioneer Entertainment distributed the series in North America in March 2002. Geneon collected the series and the OVA in eight DVD volumes released between 24 September 2002 and 25 November 2003. Two DVD box sets of the series were also released on 11 January 2005. In 2006, Geneon released the "X TV Series Re-Mix", on five individual DVDs released between 11 July 2006 and 14 November 2006, as well as a DVD box set on 11 July 2006. The DVDs came with re-mastered video and audio, including remastered and remixed 5.1 Dolby Digital AC3 surround sound for both the Japanese and English tracks. In September 2009, Funimation announced that it had acquired the rights to the anime series and OVA. They were re-released in a DVD box set on 15 June 2010 using the original Geneon dubbing (provided by Bang Zoom! Entertainment) for the English-language audio track. It is licensed by Siren Visual in Australia, and MVM Films in the United Kingdom.


title: X (manga)

text: The manga was a commercial success in Japan, with 12 million volumes sold; while in North America it often appeared on The New York Times Manga Best Sellers of 2012 and ICv2 lists.


title: X (manga)

text: The manga's plot and cast were praised. "Animerica" regarded it as one of Clamp's most iconic works from their early career. According to the site, "Part of the appeal of the "X" manga is its surreal blend of Taoist, Shinto, and even European mysticism with real-world locales and historical landmarks familiar to Japanese fans." According to "Anime Nation", "X" "appears to defy the conventions of "boys' manga" and "girls' manga" because of multiple features provided by the authors such as violence and romance that will appeal to many types of reader. "Anime News Network" noted that while there are no explicit homosexual relationships, the "shōjo" appeal might give the reader this impression when the male characters interact, something the "shônen" demographic might not like.


title: X (manga)

text: "Sequental Tart" found Kamui's identity mysterious; he is featured as a caring child to Kotori Monou in a flashback, but he appears as a rude teenager when meeting her again. His fight scenes were noted to be violent in contrast to the lighthearted moments that seem to work as comic relief. As a result, the reviewer it difficult to analyze the series' first volume. "Comic Book Bin" said despite early issues with the way the subplots are handled, "X" still maintains an interesting narrative. As the manga progressed, the reviewer felt the manga became more polished and looked forward to the climax when it is written. Kamui's growing character arc was the subject of a positive mention as "Manga News" also enjoyed his early appearances and the formation of the Dragons of Heaven as they befriend each other. Reviewers felt Fuma Monou is one of the most brutal antagonists of Clamp's career and in "shōjo" in general because of this gruesome murder of Kotori and how he then causes earthquakes to destroy Tokyo. "Anime News Network" found that the series had many types of characters for Dragons of Heavens and Dragons of Earth that are given enough screen time in the buildup to the Holy War to interact and fight until the manga's eighth volume when the narrative takes a different route. As the second half begins, "Anime News Network" noted the narrative becomes progressively darker because of the number of dead characters as Clamp moves the plot towards the Armageddon; they lamented the lack of closure with all the deaths.


title: X (manga)

text: The relationship between Kamui and Fuma has been the subject of discussion. In "CLAMP in Context: A Critical Study of the Manga and Anime", Dani Cavallaro says "X" has a complex "philosophic gravity", heavily influencing the "Gothic epic" setting involving Kamui and how the narrative uses interesting fight scenes with notable dramatic results for one fighter. Cavallaro noted Fuma's brutal actions to accomplish his goals in contrast with Kamui's calm temperament when he gradually opens up to his friends. While both take similar paths with respect to their fights in the war between the Dragons, Fuma takes his weapon using brute force while Kamui is given his by his family. Fans reading the series have wondered whether Clamp was hinting at a romantic relationship between Kamui and Fuma. "Sequental Art" commented on homoerotic tones during a few scenes. In response, in the book "Understanding Manga and Anime" writer Robin E. Brenner claims Clamp had no intention of suggesting a romantc relationship between the two as he compared them with the more explicit relationship Subaru had with Seishiro. "Manga News" noted the pair had one of the most anticipated fights in the series because of the long history they have in "Tokyo Babylon" and called their final duel tragic. In "", Jason Thompson wrote "even without a proper ending, the series has a lot going for it", and felt the major storytelling centering around destiny was appealing despite not finding it Clamp's best strength.


title: X (manga)

text: Clamp's illustrations such as the dream sequences, Seishiro's horror-based spells, and the outstanding designs of Kamui and Hinoto were also the subject of praise. "The Fandom Post" also enjoyed the artwork, mostly praising the way action sequences are drawn "Manga News" found the early artwork typical of Clamp's works involving "RG Veda" and "Tokyo Babylon" but with a different style than "Angelic Layer" and "Cardcaptor Sakura" as it features mostly androgynous characters. "Comic Book Bin" praised the handling of the fight scenes by the artists especially the backgrounds, which "depict energy and magic unleashed in a fast and furious display". Because of the manga's long serialization, critics noted that the artwork evolved, making it as appealing as later Clamp works like "" and "Angelic Layer". However, "Anime News Network" felt the violent imagery portrayed by Clamp throughout earthquakes and murder scenes in "X" was too disturbing for the "Monthly Asuka" demographic and cancelled it. Although the manga returned following its controversial cancellation, the planned ending was even more gruesome causing its cancellation again. Thompson simply regarded the art as "absolutely gorgeous".


title: Steven Universe (character)

text: Steven Quartz Universe is the titular character and the main protagonist of the animated series "Steven Universe" and its epilogue series "Steven Universe Future", created by Rebecca Sugar. Steven is a hybrid between a normal human being and a "Gem", a fictional race of alien beings that exist as magical gemstones projecting bodies of light. Voiced by Zach Callison, he debuted in the series' pilot episode and made his main series debut in the first episode, "Gem Glow".


title: Steven Universe (character)

text: The show generally takes place around Steven's perspective: the audience always follows Steven and learns about the plot and backstory as he does. As such, the only scenes without the character are those that he sees as visions or that are told to him as stories.


title: Steven Universe (character)

text: The character was received positively, with his evolution through the series, ideology revolving around kindness and empathy, and disregard for gender norms receiving most praise.


title: Steven Universe (character)

text: Steven was created by Rebecca Sugar, with his appearance and name based on Rebecca Sugar's brother Steven Sugar, a background artist for the show. During the development of the pilot, Rebecca Sugar had a conversation with "Hellboy" creator Mike Mignola in which he emphasized the importance of repetitive imagery to create a motif. This inspired Steven's iconic star t-shirt.


title: Steven Universe (character)

text: Steven, in his early teens when the series begins, is the youngest member of the Crystal Gems. He is the first and only known Gem–human hybrid, the product of the union between the Crystal Gems' original leader, Rose Quartz, and Greg Universe, a human musician and car-wash owner. Rose "gave up her physical form" to create Steven, leaving behind only her pink, pentagonal-faceted gem, now embedded in his navel. As a result, some Gems have considered Steven and Rose to be the same entity; a major character arc for Steven involves his wrestling with his mother's complex legacy, and whether he must take responsibility for her choices.


title: Steven Universe (character)

text: With this gem, Steven develops a wide variety of magical abilities. He is able to summon his mother’s shield; create a spherical force field; heal Gems, humans, and objects with his saliva; create sentient plant life; shapeshift; float through the air; use empathetic telepathy and astral projection; combine bodies and minds with other Gems and/or humans to form powerful "fusions"; and revive the dead with his tears. By the movie, Steven has fully mastered his Gem abilities.


title: Steven Universe (character)

text: Cheerful, kind-hearted, carefree, and always willing to see the best in people, Steven is beloved by the Gems and well-liked by the people of Beach City, including his best friend Connie Maheswaran. Steven is said to take after Rose in terms of personality, as he is empathetic and all-loving, though Rebecca Sugar says that he actually inherited this attitude from Greg. Over the course of the series, Steven matures greatly, garnering new respect for his position as a protector of Earth and becoming more aware of the dangers of being a Crystal Gem. According to Sugar, Steven's greatest flaw is his self-sacrificing nature; he continually sets aside his own safety and emotional well-being in favor of others, which eventually takes a toll on his mental health.


title: Steven Universe (character)

text: Late in the series, Steven grows concerned about his role as the inheritor of his late mother's legacy, especially after he finds out that Rose Quartz herself was in actuality originally Pink Diamond, a member of the Great Diamond Authority that reigns supreme over the Gem race. The other Diamonds—Yellow, Blue, and White Diamond—assume Steven is Pink Diamond in an alternate form and attempt to hold him responsible for her actions and make him reclaim Pink Diamond's place among them. In the series finale, "Change Your Mind", White Diamond briefly removes his gem from his body; it regenerates itself into a form identical to that of Steven's physical body, thus finally reassuring him that he truly is his own individual, not merely a reincarnation of his mother.


title: Steven Universe (character)

text: In the epilogue series, "Steven Universe Future", Steven struggles with feelings of purposelessness after the Gem empire is reformed and his friends and family no longer need his help, and his unresolved emotional trauma from the events of the original series leads him to overreact to minor stresses and life changes. Near the end of the series, this stress builds up to the point that he turns into a giant, kaiju-like monster, endangering Beach City, but the love and support of his friends and family help turn him back to normal. In the final episode of the series, Steven leaves Beach City indefinitely to seek out a new purpose and live like a normal human.


title: Steven Universe (character)

text: Steven usually wears a red T-shirt with a yellow star in the center, blue jeans, and salmon-pink flip-flops. In cold weather, he often wears a hooded sweatshirt or knitted sweater. In "", he retains his jeans and flip-flops but now wears a sky blue T-shirt, again bearing a yellow star and a pink varsity jacket with white trims. In "Steven Universe Future", he retains his clothing from the film but now wears a black T-shirt instead of a blue one.


title: Steven Universe (character)

text: Steven has been well-received by fans and critics alike. Susana Polo of "Polygon" praises Steven for being the "toxic masculinity antidote" in that his dominant traits of empathy and kindness are what make him such a vital member of the Crystal Gems. Polo also commends Steven's subversion of gender definitions, him being a young boy in a feminine role with defensive abilities that manifest in shades of pink. Similarly, in a post on "Bitch Flicks", Ashley Gallagher also praises Steven's rejection of typical masculinity and his stereotypically defensive and feminine powers such as his shield and his healing while also expressing approval of his relationship with Connie.


title: Steven Universe (character)

text: Highly praising the evolution of the character through the series, Eric Thurm of "Polygon" stated after the season five finale: "Back in the show’s first season, Steven was far more irritating. He was myopic, focusing on what was right in front of him to the detriment of more important priorities — especially when what was right in front of him was the prospect of getting ridiculously buff. He was a huge goofball incapable of taking anything seriously. And he had a child’s instinct for deception when it seemed like he might be in trouble, whether that meant forming a 'Secret Team' to hide a mistake or asking the Gems to pretend to be his human mother. But the story of "Steven Universe" isn’t about Steven discarding the things that made, and still make, him childish — it’s about figuring out how to use them in more specific, salutary ways. The idea that there are childish qualities worth cultivating, alongside others that can and should be avoided or shed, is a refreshingly nuanced (and accurate) take on how to be a person, even if being that kind of person requires fusing with your own body, especially for kids. Being able to gain emotional maturity, insight, and wisdom while still retaining the best parts of being new to the world — that’s the disposition Steven Universe asks of us as we, whether 14 or 34 or 34,000, continue to grow."


title: Take a Daytrip

text: (born January 9, 1993) and David Biral (born February 22, 1993). They are best known for producing singles such as Sheck Wes' "Mo Bamba", Lil Nas X's "Panini", "Montero (Call Me by Your Name)", and "Industry Baby" (featuring Jack Harlow), Juice Wrld's "Legends", and Travis Scott and Kid Cudi's "The Scotts", all of which peaked in the top 30 of the "Billboard" Hot 100. Most of their songs use their signature producer tag, "Daytrip took it to ten", in the intro.


title: Take a Daytrip

text: The duo met while Baptiste and Biral were attending New York University and started producing in 2014. They have produced many hit singles, with their first notable track being "Mo Bamba" by Sheck Wes in 2017, which peaked at number six on the "Billboard" Hot 100. Their highest-charting singles currently are "The Scotts" by Travis Scott and Kid Cudi and "Montero (Call Me by Your Name)" and "Industry Baby" by Lil Nas X, all of which peaked at number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100.


title: Take a Daytrip

text: In October 2019, two Atlanta producers, Don Lee and Glen Keith Demeritt III, claimed that the Lil Nas X and Cardi B song "Rodeo" was a copy of the song "Broad Day" by Puerto Reefa and Sakrite Duexe, which they produced. The two sued Lil Nas X, Cardi B, and Take a Daytrip. , the case is ongoing.


title: Eberron

text: Eberron is a campaign setting for the "Dungeons & Dragons" ("D&D") role-playing game. The game is set primarily on the continent of Khorvaire following a vast destructive war. Eberron is designed to accommodate traditional "D&D" elements and races within a differently toned setting; Eberron combines a fantasy tone with pulp and dark adventure elements, and some non-traditional fantasy technologies such as trains, skyships, and mechanical beings which are all powered by magic.


title: Eberron

text: Eberron was created by author and game designer Keith Baker as the winning entry for Wizards of the Coast's Fantasy Setting Search, a competition run in 2002 to establish a new setting for the "D&D" game. Eberron was chosen from more than 11,000 entries, and was officially released with the publication of the "Eberron Campaign Setting" hardback book in June 2004.