title: Star Trek uniforms

text: "Voyager" used the new-style combadge and introduced 'provisional' rank insignia which consisted of a gold-metal-bordered enamel oval in the crewman's Branch color with diagonal black or gold bars to signify rank instead of the traditional pips. Provisional ranks were worn by the Maquis members of "Voyager"s crew, as they were ineligible to wear official Starfleet ranks. All ranks up to Captain appeared on screen; "The Star Trek Encyclopedia" showed them all to be analogous to the normal rank system. A black diagonal bar is equal to a black pip and a gold diagonal bar is equal to a gold pip. (e.g.: a yellow-enamel oval with one black bar and two gold bars signifies a Lieutenant-Commander in Operations, which is normally signified by one black pip and two gold pips.)


title: Star Trek uniforms

text: The crew aboard the USS "Equinox" also use the same uniforms seen in the early episodes of "Deep Space Nine" as they are also stuck in the Delta Quadrant and out of contact with Starfleet ("VOY": "").


title: Star Trek uniforms

text: The 29th-century officers in the "Star Trek: Voyager" episode "" wear chevron-like collar insignia (worn in a horizontal line like the pips and oriented pointing forwards towards the collar). Captain Braxton wears four gold chevrons (equivalent to four gold pips) and Lieutenant Ducane wears two gold chevrons (equivalent to two gold pips). The new Starfleet insignia is a silver diamond shape inset with a gold "Arrowhead" symbol facing to the left; this is probably a combination communicator and temporal beacon. The tunics have a quilted fabric in branch color on the right shoulder and sleeve (Blue for Command, Olive Drab Brown for Operations, and Gray for Sciences) and branch-color piping on the edge of the shoulder yoke.


title: Star Trek uniforms

text: In "Living Witness", the crew was shown to be wearing black undershirts with a high collar (turtleneck style) instead of the usual grayish-indigo undershirts with a low collar, no combadges or rank insignia, while some were wearing black gloves including Captain Kathryn Janeway. This was in the context of historical records that wrongly asserted that Voyager's crew had acted in a malign manner, until corrected by , who was brought back to life 700 years in the future after a “relic” (containing a backup copy of his program) was discovered among wreckage and his program was recovered.


title: Star Trek uniforms

text: "" introduces a new uniform style later adopted in "DS9" ("DS9": ""). This uniform features a colored turtleneck undertunic (with the same departmental color scheme as in earlier shows) covered by a black jacket with colored bands on the lower sleeves near the cuffs showing the wearer's division, the shoulders and upper chest of which are ribbed and made of thick, violet-gray material. Like the last two uniforms, the communicator badge is worn on the jacket, while rank pins are worn on the undertunic's collar. The pants are black. "" also introduced a new dress uniform, consisting of a white jacket and black pants both with gold trim, a gray ribbed tunic (white tunic for flag officers and captains), and rank insignia on the collar of the tunic with the combadge worn in the customary location on the jacket. Unlike the previous uniform, it was the same color regardless of the wearer's division, save for colored bands on the lower sleeves like the standard uniform. It also appeared in the "DS9" episode "". Captains also had the option of a more casual uniform vest of the same basic design, though the violet-gray extended much lower.


title: Star Trek uniforms

text: As depicted in "Insurrection", a new admiral's duty uniform was shown, looking similar to those worn by officers, and yet containing markers to set it apart from the ordinary. The stripes on the jacket cuffs are double the width of those on the officer's jacket, and they show the admiral's rank insignia. The jacket also has gold edging. Furthermore, the admiral's uniform incorporates a belt, whose buckle is either a plain gold rectangle, as seen frequently in "DS9", or a gold oval with an image of the United Federation of Planets' Seal, as was the case with Admiral Dougherty from "Insurrection".


title: Star Trek uniforms

text: A new uniform is introduced in the animated series "" in the early 2380s. This uniform is very similar to the version prototyped for "Star Trek Generations," but has slight alterations such as a white band between the shoulder area and the body; a simplified badge featuring only the Starfleet arrowhead insignia; a V-shaped tunic front; and colored bands at the tops of the boots corresponding to the division color, echoed in the boots' soles. The division colors still follow the "TNG" scheme, though the science division is now sky blue rather than blue-green. This uniform is explicitly worn contemporary to the later Deep Space Nine/First Contact uniform.


title: Star Trek uniforms

text: Starfleet personnel fighting in ground battles appear in the "DS9" episodes "...Nor the Battle to the Strong" and "The Siege of AR-558". They wear one-piece black uniforms with divisional stripes across the chest.


title: Star Trek uniforms

text: In the "TNG" episode "", an alternate timeline showed a uniform with the full color shirt (including shoulders). The same colors were used and the rank insignia would be shown above the right breast over a black line which cut off the shoulder area. These uniforms would also make an appearance in the "" episode "" and the "" episode "". These episodes also included a new combadge design where the starfleet arrow was just an outline surrounded by two gold vertical bars. This badge was also worn by Geordi La Forge in the "" episode "" but on the gray shoulder uniform used in the last three "TNG" movies and the later episodes of "Deep Space Nine".


title: Star Trek uniforms

text: The "" episode "" used an alternate combadge design where rank was denoted by the number of bars behind the arrowhead.


title: Star Trek uniforms

text: Variations in uniforms and insignia are occasionally used as plot devices in the various series. In the episode "Future Imperfect", the insignia are slightly altered so as to convince a character that 16 years have passed. In the episode, "Parallels", variations in uniforms and insignia suggest a meeting of characters from different parallel universes.


title: Star Trek uniforms

text: In "", field officers and crewmembers wear duty uniforms consisting of a dark long-sleeved undershirt and blue jumpsuit with colored piping around the shoulders and, occasionally, baseball caps. There is also a desert uniform with khaki pants and white shirt. Both uniforms have a United Earth Starfleet patch (featuring the stylized arrowhead emblem) on the right upper arm, and a patch left upper arm denoting the ship one is serving on. "Enterprise", set before all other incarnations, did not include characters who hold the ranks of lieutenant commander or lieutenant, junior grade. The highest-ranking admiral seen wears two sets of three-pip insignia.


title: Star Trek uniforms

text: Division colors follow the original "TOS" scheme, with command and flight control officers wearing gold piping, engineering, communications, and security officers wearing red piping, and medical and science officers (including linguists) wearing blue piping. Throughout the series, men and women wear the same type of uniform. Unlike the other series' uniforms, standard uniforms on "Enterprise" include zip-up pockets, and the undershirt is buttoned at the neck - while Gene Roddenberry had explicitly forbidden such devices as buttons and zippers on Starfleet uniforms, believing they would be obsolete in the future, designer Bob Blackman consciously used them as a way of dating the series, implying that closures Roddenberry envisioned had not been invented yet. Blackman described the jumpsuits as "more like a NASA flight suit" than the previous Starfleet costumes, and actors from other "Star Trek" shows envied the "Enterprise" actors' much more comfortable and conventional outfits.


title: Star Trek uniforms

text: On certain occasions, "Enterprise" characters wear dress uniforms similar to the blue jumpsuit, decorated with the same pattern of colored piping, but lacking the zip-up pockets and combined with a white long-sleeved undershirt and, sometimes depending on rank, a white tie.


title: Star Trek uniforms

text: Rank insignia on duty uniforms are worn on right side of shoulders only, but rank insignia on dress uniforms are worn on both sides.


title: Star Trek uniforms

text: Also, there are two different kinds of field jackets worn on away missions. They have zippered pockets and the same colored pipings as the jumpsuits, as well as cold weather gear, pressure suits, spacesuits, an EV undersuit, and a royal blue undergarment with slight differences on male and female garments.


title: Star Trek uniforms

text: During the series, T'Pol is almost never seen wearing the standard uniform although she is a commissioned officer in Starfleet, and often considered to be the first officer. The only times she wears the uniform is in the episode "Twilight" (featuring an alternate timeline) and briefly (as a disguise) in "Hatchery".


title: Star Trek uniforms

text: In 2017's "", set ten years prior to "Star Trek: The Original Series", the uniform underwent another redesign. Like its "Enterprise" predecessor, a blue uniform was worn, with a shirt-trouser combination with a single collar on the left side. A large zipper fastens the front of the shirt, and pants pockets have zippers as well. Repeating patterns of tiny delta insignias ran down the sides of the uniforms, its colors denoting the wearer's division. The classic yellow, blue, red combination was eschewed in favor of gold, silver and copper for command, sciences and operations respectively. Ranks were embedded onto the Starfleet Delta, along with gold shoulder stripes for captains and shoulder stripes plus gold shoulder markings for admirals, and following the same standard as "Star Trek: The Next Generation" style rank insignias.


title: Star Trek uniforms

text: J. J. Abrams' "Star Trek" series takes place in a parallel universe starting in 2233 (James T. Kirk's birth year), known as the "Kelvin timeline" for the fact it was created when the late twenty-fourth century Romulan Nero destroyed the "USS Kelvin", on which Kirk's parents served. Kirk's father is killed, and Jim Kirk is born in space three months prematurely after his mother is evacuated from the Kelvin.


title: Star Trek uniforms

text: The uniform design for the reboot basically recreates the original series uniforms, but with some cosmetic changes.


title: Star Trek uniforms

text: The delta insignia badge is now a metal pin rather than a sewn-on patch, gold for flag officers and silver for all lower-ranked officers. The shirts are now in two layers: a wide-collared over-shirt color-coded gold, blue, or red for department as in the original series, with a quilted pattern and a colored hem-line from the neck to the armpit; and a black undershirt, visually imitating the black collar of the original TOS design. The over-shirt has the division delta badge shape printed onto the fabric, providing a textured appearance. Rank is indicated by 1 to 4 silver metallic-cloth bands worn above the overshirt's cuffs (1 for lieutenants, 2 for commanders, 3 for captains, and 4 for flag officers).


title: Star Trek uniforms

text: As in the original series, female officers wear dresses, some with short sleeves (seen on Lt. Uhura), others with long sleeves (as seen on some of the background extras). Also, a number of women onboard can be seen wearing the long sleeve top and pants uniform similar to those worn in "". Unlike other "Trek", this uniform is worn only aboard starships - other personnel wear black one-piece uniforms of a much more "military" appearance. In an unexplained change from previous series, many female crew members wear nail polish (Uhura wears black polish, while many extras wear red).


title: Star Trek uniforms

text: Dress uniforms for academy cadets and staff are crimson, while flag officers (fleet captains and admirals) use a gray uniform with a white false-plastron front. The design is similar to that in "The Motion Picture", stated by designer Michael Kaplan in the book "Star Trek: The Art of the Film" to be a deliberate homage. Rank is indicated by 1 to 5 paired diamond-shaped silver-metal "pips" worn on the tunic's shoulder-boards (ensigns wear 1 paired pip, lieutenants wear 2 paired pips, commanders wear 3 paired pips, captains wear 4 paired pips, and flag officers wear 5 paired pips). One significant change from TOS is the addition of the peaked cap to the dress uniforms.


title: Star Trek uniforms

text: The uniforms in the second reboot film are developed further. The dress uniform for Starfleet officers on the ground is shown to be a mid-gray in color and a similar style to the red uniforms worn by the academy cadets in the first film. A more informal uniform jumpsuit is worn at various points by several characters (including Kirk and Scotty). These jumpsuits have high collars and are made of a dark gray fabric, with triangles of transparent plastic at the collarbones which show the color of the officer's regular uniform shirt beneath.


title: Star Trek uniforms

text: The personnel on the USS "Vengeance" wear a different duty uniform from the norm. It consists of black trousers and undershirt, with a quilted blue overshirt with long black sleeves and black cloth epaulets. This might either be the uniform of a private armed security or military contractor company hired by Marcus through Section 31 or the duty uniform for Section 31 itself (the blue indicating its Research & Development wing). Admiral Marcus' rank on this uniform is indicated by a wide silver band over a narrow silver band and under two narrow silver bands on the cuff.


title: Star Trek uniforms

text: Rank for admirals (as worn by Admiral Alexander Marcus) is indicated by 1 to 5 paired diamond-shaped gold-metal "pips" worn on the flag officer tunic's shoulder-boards. Marcus is described as a fleet Admiral (usually equivalent to a NATO five-star military rank) and wears 5 paired gold pips on his shoulder-boards. There are other ranks mentioned in the movies (Kirk himself is offered the rank of Vice-Admiral in "Star Trek: Beyond"). If the rank scheme is similar to NATO ranks they would be: Commodores wear 1 paired gold pip, Rear Admirals wear 2 paired gold pips, Vice-Admirals wear 3 paired gold pips, and Admirals wear 4 paired gold pips. Alternatively, the rank of fleet captain (a senior grade of captain and brevet flag officer rank) is signified by 5 paired silver pips, and the rank of admiral is always signified by 5 paired gold pips regardless of grade.


title: Star Trek uniforms

text: Some licensed "Star Trek" publications present some insignia that contradict the ones shown on screen or in other publications. For example, the second and third editions of "The Star Trek Encyclopedia" offer differing insignia for various Starfleet ranks. Additionally, some "Star Trek" publications, including officially licensed ones, posit additional ranks that are not seen or mentioned in live-action productions.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: Maxime Bernier (born January 18, 1963) is a Canadian politician who is the founder and leader of the People's Party of Canada (PPC). Formerly a member of the Conservative Party, Bernier left the caucus in 2018 to form the PPC. He was the member of Parliament (MP) for Beauce from 2006 to 2019 and served as a Cabinet minister in the Harper government.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: Prior to entering politics, Bernier worked in law, finance and banking. He was first elected to the House of Commons as a Conservative in the 2006 election in the same riding his father, Gilles Bernier, had represented from 1984 to 1997. Bernier held a number of portfolios in Prime Minister Stephen Harper's Cabinet. He was industry minister from 2006 to 2007 before being promoted to foreign affairs minister until he stepped down in 2008 after failing to secure confidential documents. He continued to sit as a back-bench MP until 2011, when he was appointed as Minister of State for small business and tourism. Following the 2015 election, while the Conservatives were no longer in power, Bernier was re-elected as an MP.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: Bernier ran for the Conservative Party leadership in the 2017 leadership election. After leading eventual winner Andrew Scheer through 12 rounds of voting, he came second with over 49 per cent in the 13th round. Fifteen months later, in August 2018, Bernier resigned from the Conservative Party to create his own party, the right-wing populist People's Party, citing disagreements with Scheer's leadership. He lost his parliamentary seat in the 2019 election to Conservative Richard Lehoux, ending parliamentary representation of the PPC. Bernier later ran in the by-election for York Centre in October 2020, but lost to Ya'ara Saks with 3.56 per cent of the vote. He lost to Lehoux in Beauce a second time in the 2021 election.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: Bernier has taken economic libertarian positions on issues such as opposing supply management in the Canadian dairy industry and government subsidies for arenas. He is against mass immigration to Canada, supports repealing the "Multiculturalism Act", and rejects the scientific consensus on climate change. During the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, he opposed mandatory vaccinations, public health measures, and attended many anti-lockdown protests; he was arrested for violating public health orders at a gathering in Manitoba.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: Bernier was born in Saint-Georges, Quebec, the son of Doris (Rodrigue) and Gilles Bernier, a well known radio host, who represented the riding of Beauce from 1984 to 1997, first as a Progressive Conservative and then as an independent. In a 2010 interview with John Geddes, Bernier said he respects his father as a Mulroney-era politician, but tries not to emulate his style. Bernier has stated that his views were shaped from his upbringing in Beauce to his life experiences. He is the second oldest child and has two sisters, Brigitte and Caroline, and a brother, Gilles Jr. In his teens, Bernier played football as a member of the Condors, the team of the Séminaire St-Georges, that won the Bol d'Or in 1980 at the Olympic Stadium.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: Bernier obtained a Bachelor of Commerce degree from the Université du Québec à Montréal, completed his law degree at the University of Ottawa and was called to the Quebec Bar in 1990, of which he is still a member.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: For 19 years, Bernier held positions in law, several financial and banking fields, such as working as a lawyer at McCarthy Tétrault, rising up to become branch manager at the National Bank, the office of the Securities Commission of Québec as Director of Corporate and International Relations, an adviser (handling fiscal reform) from 1996 to 1998 in the office of Bernard Landry—Quebec's finance minister and Deputy Premier of Quebec at the time—and Standard Life of Canada as the Vice-President of Corporate Affairs and Communication. He also served as Executive Vice-President of the Montreal Economic Institute, a Quebec free-market think tank, where he authored a book on tax reform.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: In 2005 Bernier became the Conservative candidate for Beauce in the 2006 federal election. Stephen Harper had asked Bernier's father to re-enter politics, and the latter suggested that his son should run instead. Bernier won 67 per cent of the vote, the largest majority for a Conservative politician outside Alberta. His ties to Beauce and his support for provincial jurisdictions (which was endorsed by former Social Credit party leader Fabien Roy) were factors in his win. Some political pundits believed Bernier's ideas led to the unexpected Conservative breakthrough in Quebec during the election.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: Bernier was a high-profile new MP from Quebec, and on February 6, 2006 he was appointed Minister of Industry and minister responsible for Statistics Canada. As the Minister of Industry, he also served as the Registrar General. During his time as Industry Minister, Bernier started reformation of the telecommunications industry, particularly on local phone service. Professor Richard J. Schultz from McGill University lauded his attempt to deregulate the telecommunications industry, calling him "the best Industry Minister in 30 years, without challenge". James Cowan from Canadian Business, called Bernier's tenure "a golden age" for Canadian business policy.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: On August 14, 2007 Bernier was appointed as Minister of Foreign Affairs, replacing Peter MacKay, who became the Minister of National Defence. The rumour is that appointment had to do with preventing Bernier from pushing his personal views such as opposing corporate welfare farther as industry minister. During the beginning of his tenure, Bernier's personality and charm received praise among foreign dignitaries.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: In May 2008, it was revealed that, one month earlier, Bernier inadvertently left a confidential briefing book at the home of his girlfriend, Julie Couillard. While Prime Minister Stephen Harper originally defended Bernier, he ultimately accepted Bernier's resignation on May 26, 2008 saying, "It's only this error. It's a very serious error for any minister. The minister immediately recognized the gravity of that error." The incident made Bernier rethink his political career and he decided to avoid taking government information out of his parliamentary office in future.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: Recalling his tenure as foreign minister, Bernier felt unsatisfied due to the Prime Minister's Office controlling the portfolio, making it harder for him to implement his views on Canadian foreign policy.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: Six days before the 2008 election, Couillard released a book which was supposed to reveal Bernier's confidential opinions such as his personal objection to Canadian involvement in the Iraq War. The English version peaked at No. 6 on "La Presse"s bestseller list while the French version reached No. 5. However, the book was viewed negatively by some of Bernier's constituents. He was re-elected with 62 per cent of votes, and was made chair for the National Defense Select Committee.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: In 2009 Bernier started a blog and spent the next four years travelling across Canada to discuss political issues. Bernier's speeches were criticized by Jean-Pierre Blackburn, Raymond Blanchard and Tom Mulcair, but praised by Andrew Coyne, Warren Kinsella, and André Pratte.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: In September 2010 after Bernier's Quebec colleagues pushed for the federal government to invest $175 million in the Centre Vidéotron in Quebec City, Bernier opposed the proposed project and a feasibility study by Ernst & Young. He stated the proposal made little financial sense. The government later decided against the investment. He later revealed that his colleagues were furious because they wanted to use the investment to "Buy votes".


title: Maxime Bernier

text: It was rumoured that Conservative Party insiders wanted Bernier to become leader of the Action démocratique du Québec (ADQ) party if Stephen Harper's preferred choice, Mario Dumont, became Quebec lieutenant, and that Bernier was considering a leadership run. In 2009 there was a movement to draft Bernier for ADQ leadership. Bernier called the attention flattering, but declined to run.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: On May 18, 2011 Bernier was appointed as Minister of State (Small Business and Tourism), a junior ministerial post. Bernier did not enjoy being bound by the principle of cabinet solidarity, and disliked being named to a minor department, but accepted the role out of deference to his colleagues and to regain credibility via a return to the cabinet. Bernier later said he also accepted the position because he felt he did not accomplish enough in his career and expressed a desire to end the budget deficit.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: His responsibilities were expanded with his appointment on July 15, 2013 as Minister of State (Small Business, Tourism, and Agriculture). During this time, he led the Red Tape Reduction Commission, which created a rule that for every regulation added another one has to be cut.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: On November 20, 2015, Bernier was appointed by interim Conservative Leader Rona Ambrose as Critic for Economic Development and Innovation. He resigned on April 7, 2016 to run in the Conservative Party's leadership election.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: In March 2016 Bernier introduced a motion to require Bombardier executives to explain, to the Industry Committee, the reasoning for the federal government to bail them out. Bernier argued Bombardier should restructure itself rather than seek public funds. Justin Trudeau's Liberal government blocked Bernier's motion.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: At a conservative conference in March 2016, Bernier said that China has "less government and more freedom" than Canada; a video of the speech was later circulated by the Broadbent Institute's "Press Progress". Bernier said that he was referring to economic freedom, not political freedom, and said that his remarks should not be construed to suggest that he supported Chinese dictatorship.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: On April 7, 2016, Bernier filed his nomination to be a candidate in the 2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election, saying that he was running to promote his views and ideas on four principles: freedom, responsibility, fairness, and respect.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: In May 2016, Bernier broke from his Conservative colleagues on supply management, the Canadian agricultural system in which a form of insurance is granted to farmers. He said that there was no way to reconcile the Canadian system with his "free-market principles".


title: Maxime Bernier

text: After the Conservative Party decided to remove the traditional definition of marriage from their constitution, Bernier was one of few leadership contenders to march in the Toronto Pride Parade.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: Bernier achieved unexpectedly high levels of support, finishing a close second in the 13th and final round of voting on May 27, 2017, taking 49.05 per cent of the vote to Andrew Scheer's 50.95 per cent. A few days after the results, Michael Chong, another leadership candidate, argued that both his and Bernier's campaigns represented "real change, significant change" to the party but felt they wanted the status quo.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: Nathan Giede of the "Prince George Citizen" wrote that Bernier was "the living reincarnation of all Laurier's good ideas and Dief the Chief's pan-Canadian optimism". In the "Times Colonist", Bernier stated, "They can call me a fiscal conservative, they can call me a conservative who believes in freedom, they can call me reasonable libertarian, call me anything you want—call me Max, call me Maxime, call me 'Mad Max'." Occasionally, he displayed a sense of humor which helped him gain voters' attention. William Watson argued in the "National Post" that although some of Bernier's policies were reflective of the role "rugged individualism" played in Canada's past, and may have played a role in his loss, they could also affect Canada's future. Stanley Hartt, who was chief of staff to Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, found Scheer's victory not "stirring" and suggested that Scheer should have taken ideas from Bernier's economic platform, which Hartt praised.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: On August 31, 2017, Bernier was re-appointed critic for Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada by Andrew Scheer.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: After it was revealed that the 2015 Conservative campaign team knew about sexual assault allegations against former Conservative MP Rick Dykstra, on January 31, 2018, Bernier publicly demanded answers as he was heading towards a caucus meeting into the handling of the nomination as did Conservative MP Brad Trost, who tweeted in favor of Bernier statement. After the meetings, Scheer reversed his previous decision. and called for a third-party investigation.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: Bernier intended to publish a book, "Doing Politics Differently: My Vision for Canada". In April 2018 he pre-released a chapter on his publisher's website explaining why he made the abolition of Canada's supply management system an issue during the leadership campaign. The chapter referred to Quebec's dairy farmer lobby as "fake Conservatives" because they opposed his abolition of the supply management policy and supported Scheer's candidacy. However, in deference to his Conservative colleagues who saw the chapter as an attack on the Scheer, Bernier agreed to postpone publication of the book indefinitely for the sake of party unity, while also saying that the book was not about his leadership campaign, but about important ideas. He later told the "Toronto Star" in an email that he defended his comments and that the book would someday be published.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: On June 12, 2018, Scheer dismissed Bernier from the Official Opposition shadow cabinet, saying that Bernier had violated his pledge to delay publication of the book by posting the chapter on his website on June 5, after it had been removed by from the publisher's website. Bernier denied that he broke the pledge, saying that the published excerpts had previously been publicly released on his publisher's website. During an At Issue panel after Bernier's demotion, Chantal Hebert was critical of Bernier decision to publish the chapter, Coyne found Bernier to be a victim of "a political setup" and Paul Wells thought Scheer was being "paranoid". On June 15, Bernier stated in an interview that he believed his stance on supply management was the real reason behind his dismissal, not his decision to post the chapter.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: In a series of Twitter posts in August 2018, Bernier garnered attention for criticizing Prime Minister Trudeau's comments about "diversity is our strength". He later tweeted that naming a park in Winnipeg after Muhammad Ali Jinnah, was an example of "extreme multiculturalism". The tweets were broadly seen as divisive and inflammatory with calls for him to be reprimanded or removed from caucus such as John Ivison; However, Conservative leader Andrew Scheer stated Bernier "speaks for himself" amid calls for Bernier to be expelled from the party's caucus. Scheer later claimed that he did not use identity politics to gain support; which Bernier issued a series of tweets counter-arguing the point. Others such as Mathieu Bock-Côté, Lise Ravary and Neil Macdonald defended his comments by writing op-eds to counter arguing critics. While, Tom Walkom, Deborah Levy and Andre Valiquette found his critique common within mainstream Quebec. In his resignation speech, Bernier, had an issues with Scheer's response, and later clarified that he wanted to have a conversation about "ethnic division". When asked about his tweets by Question Period, he responded by stating "Instead of always promoting the diversity in our country, why not promote what unites us. That's the most important." Commentator Colby Cosh later wrote that Bernier had previously praised ethnic diversity, while also "objecting to its elevation to cult status".


title: Maxime Bernier

text: On August 23, 2018, Bernier announced that he was leaving the Conservative Party with the intention of founding a new political party. He held a press conference at which he declared that the Conservative Party was "too intellectually and morally corrupt to be reformed", and was afraid to address important issues or articulate a coherent philosophy.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: Bernier's departure was criticized by former Conservative Prime Ministers Stephen Harper and Brian Mulroney. Harper suggested that Bernier was a sore loser, while Mulroney said that Bernier's creation of a new party would split the vote and make it more likely that Trudeau's Liberals would win the 2019 election. Conversely, Bernier's decision was praised as courageous by columnist Christie Blatchford. In a "National Post" op-ed, Bernier stated that his establishment of a new party aimed to reverse what he called a "public choice dynamic" in Canadian politics, that led to vote-buying and "pandering" by the main political parties.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: On September 14, 2018, Bernier announced the creation of the People's Party of Canada, saying the party would advocate for "smart populism", which Bernier defined as policies based on principles of freedom, responsibility, fairness, and respect. Bernier positioned the People's Party to the right of the Conservative Party; the party has been variously described as conservative, libertarian, right-wing populist, classical liberal, far-right, and alt-right. In December 2018, some of its founding signatories were shown to have ties to American white nationalist and anti-immigrant groups. The party later told "Le Devoir" that they did not have enough resources to vet them at the beginning of the PPC's formation.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: Campaigning in advance of the 2019 Canadian federal election, Bernier and his chief strategist, Martin Masse, aligned the People's Party with the anti-immigrant European New Right. Bernier called for steep cuts to immigration to Canada and criticized multiculturalism, his focus on issues like cutting immigration marking a change in his public profile that contrasted with his earlier focus (while in the Conservative Party) on free-market, economic libertarian stances such as telecom monopolies and deregulation. Bernier also proposed reductions in federal income tax, called for a reduction of the federal role in healthcare and the replacement of the Canada Health Transfer, and proposed the replacement of the Indian Act. He was the only leader of a party represented in the House of Commons to reject the scientific consensus on climate change. He said he would do "nothing" to deal with climate change, and that Canada should withdraw from the Paris Agreement on carbon emissions.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: On September 2, 2019, Bernier posted a series of tweets in which he called Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg "mentally unstable". On September 4, after receiving widespread backlash, Bernier backpedalled.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: In the election in October 2019, Bernier was challenged for his seat in Beauce by Conservative candidate Richard Lehoux, a fourth-generation dairy farmer and past president of the Fédération Québécoise des Municipalités. He lost over 20 per cent of his vote from 2015, finishing with 28.3 per cent to Lehoux's 38.6 per cent, with the Bloc Québecois and Liberals finishing a distant third and fourth, respectively. Nationally, Bernier was the only PPC candidate to come within sight of being elected; no other candidate won more than six per cent of the vote, and the party as a whole won only 1.6 per cent of the popular vote.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: In February 2020, he launched a lawsuit alleging defamation by Warren Kinsella for branding Bernier a racist, in relation to the 2019 election, on behalf of the Conservative Party of Canada. The lawsuit sought an admission of defamation and $325,000 in damages. In November 2021, the court dismissed the lawsuit, based on Ontario's Anti-SLAPP legislation, determining that it was not proven that the defamation concerns outweighed the importance of protecting free speech. Bernier was ordered in February 2022 to pay $132,000 in legal costs to Kinsella.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: Upon the December 2019 resignation of Scheer from Conservative Party leadership, Bernier stated he would not be interested in returning to the Conservative Party. In January 2020 he announced an upcoming TV series with the English title "The Max Bernier Show" and French title "Les nouvelles de Maxime".


title: Maxime Bernier

text: Bernier announced his intention to run in a by-election when seats became vacant from the resignations of Bill Morneau and Michael Levitt over the summer of 2020. He confirmed his candidacy for Levitt's former Toronto riding of York Centre shortly after the date of the October 26, 2020 by-election was announced. He finished fourth with 642 votes (3.56 per cent).


title: Maxime Bernier

text: Bernier was strongly critical of public health measures undertaken to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, having travelled to anti-lockdown protests throughout the country in 2021. On April 17, he spoke to several hundred people in Barrie, Ontario, despite being discouraged from doing so by the mayor and the area's city councilor. He and MPP Randy Hillier were both ticketed for their participation in a rally in Peterborough on April 24 for violating the Reopening Ontario Act. The day before, they had been told not to attend by mayor Dianne Therrien.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: He attended a protest in Montreal on May 2. The crowd was large enough that it closed the mass vaccination clinic at the Olympic Stadium, where the protest began. He spoke along with Chris Sky in Regina, Saskatchewan on May 8, and received a $2800 ticket. In Waterloo, Ontario, he and several other PPC candidates from neighbouring regions spoke at a rally on June 6. Waterloo's mayor, Dave Jaworsky, described their attendance as a political campaign rally that was "beyond shocking" during a pandemic. Bernier was arrested and fined by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) on June 11 in St-Pierre-Jolys, Manitoba after attending a rally against COVID-19 restrictions, which was itself in violation of health restrictions. He paid $1000 bail, cancelled the remainder of his tour in Manitoba, and returned to Montreal the next day. In August, he said that he would not receive a COVID-19 vaccine.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: Bernier ran in his old riding of Beauce for the 2021 election and again lost to Richard Lehoux. The People's Party concluded its leadership review in December and he was confirmed and continued as leader.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: Bernier has two daughters. In 2010, he began a relationship with Catherine Letarte, a National Ballet School-trained ballerina, who worked for a women's shelter and currently runs a community centre for adults living with mental health issues. Bernier and Letarte married in the summer of 2019. Bernier is fond of quoting James M. Buchanan, Friedrich Hayek, and Henry Hazlitt and has been known as "Mad Max", the "Bloc-buster", or the "Albertan from Quebec" by his Ottawa colleagues.


title: Maxime Bernier

text: In September 2013, Bernier trained for and ran an ultramarathon across his riding to raise funds for a local food bank. In 2014, Bernier participated in the "Rodeo de Cochons" after being challenged by a local mayor.


title: Greater Noida

text: Greater Noida is a planned city located in Gautam Buddha Nagar district of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The city was created as an extension to Noida area under the "UP Industrial Area Development Act, 1976". Situated south-east of the capital city of New Delhi, it takes around 30 minutes to travel between the cities via the Noida-Greater Noida Expressway. The city is administered by Greater Noida Industrial Development Authority (GNIDA).


title: Greater Noida

text: In the early 1980s, the Government of India realised that the rapid rate at which Delhi was expanding would result in chaos. Hence, they planned to develop residential and industrial areas around the capital to reduce the demographic burden. Before Greater Noida City, two areas had been developed—Gurgaon, across the border from Haryana, and Noida, across the border with Uttar Pradesh.


title: Greater Noida

text: Greater Noida Notified Area – 38000 Ha (380 km) comprising 124 villages. Noida's infrastructure was carefully laid out, but the 1990s saw huge growth in the Indian economy. Migration to cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad and Bangalore exceeded planning estimates. Noida was developed to accommodate population growth for 20–25 years. The massive population influx from Delhi, however, caused it to overload in a mere 15 years, although intake is not complete and illegal mining remains a problem.


title: Greater Noida

text: The government of Uttar Pradesh decided to develop another city as an extension to Noida with better planning. The idea was to create a world-class town approximately 25 kilometers from Noida. A railway station near Boraki and an international airport were included later in the plan intending to develop Greater Noida as an independent city.


title: Greater Noida

text: During the 1990s, the Noida extension (now a part of Gautam Buddh Nagar) became what is today known as Greater Noida. The Greater NOIDA Authority manages the development of the city. Greater Noida is connected to Agra by the six-lane Yamuna Expressway. The annual Indian Grand Prix is held at the Buddh International Circuit. Roads are wide with service lanes for every major road. The sectors are named by letters of the Greek alphabet. All cabling and utilities have been built underground. Alpha, Beta, and Gamma are the oldest sectors. The other emerging sectors include Xi, Delta, Mu, Omicron and Tau. The present GNIDA office is in Gamma  II sector just opposite the historical village Rampur Jagir/Jahangir where the revolutionary Pandit Ram Prasad Bismil lived in 1919 when he was hidden underground after the Mainpuri conspiracy. A park has been named "Amar Shaheed Pt. Ram Prasad Bismil Udyan" by the Uttar Pradesh Government.


title: Greater Noida

text: The 12th, 13th, 14th and 15th Auto Expos (The Motor Show) were held at India Expo Mart, Greater Noida, in February 2014, 2016 and 2018, 2020 respectively. In 2018, Gamma 2 was officially declared as the capital of Greater Noida.


title: Greater Noida

text: Greater Noida West, previously known as Noida extension is a part of Greater Noida and it is a sub city within GB Nagar district of UP near to National Capital Territory of Delhi and part of National Capital Region (NCR) Metropolitan area.


title: Greater Noida

text: Initially, developers had coined ”Noida Extension” to differentiate it from both Noida and Greater Noida and was given its name due to being located adjacent to Noida, The Greater Noida Authority declared that the area would now be referred to Greater Noida West.


title: Greater Noida

text: Greater Noida West Spread over nearly 3,635 hectares is around 4-5 km from Sector 121 Noida are a part of the Greater Noida Authority (GNIDA). The road from Sector 121 that crosses Hindon river reaches Sectors 1,2,3,4, 16B, 16C,10, 12, Techzone, Knowledge Park 5, etc in Greater Noida West and consists of 16 villages: Khairpur Gurjar, Shahberi, Devla, Patwari, Ghanghola, Bisrakh, Roza-Yakubpur, Haibatpur, Itaida, Patwari, Aminabad, Asadallapur, Maincha and Chipyana Buzurg.


title: Greater Noida

text: This city is home for 1.5 Lakh families living in mostly Highrise buildings and becoming an educational and shopping Hub, with highest number of schools and shopping malls. Thousands of people travelled to work in Delhi and Gurgaon on the partially completed road, waiting for FNG expressway to complete by 2022. Also Noida Metro’s construction in GreNo West is started and will be completed soon.


title: Greater Noida

text: Also, Greater Noida West (Noida extension) did not have any PIN Codes assigned by Postal Department yet, as of November 2018.


title: Greater Noida

text: As per the provisional data of the 2011 census, Greater Noida had a population of 107,676, with 58,662 males and 49,014 females. The literacy rate was 86.54%, 91.48% of males and 80.65% of females.


title: Greater Noida

text: The city's infrastructure is looked after by the Greater Noida Industrial Development Authority, a statutory authority set-up under "Uttar Pradesh Industrial Area Development Act, 1976". Authority's head is its chairman, who is an IAS officer, the authority's daily matters however, are looked after by its CEO, who is also an IAS officer. Greater NOIDA Authority comes under the Infrastructure and Industrial Development Department of Uttar Pradesh Government. As of September 2019, the Chairman is Alok Tandon, whereas the CEO is Narendra Bhooshan.


title: Greater Noida

text: The Guatam Budh Nagar district is a part of Meerut division, headed by the Divisional Commissioner, who is an IAS officer of high seniority, the Commissioner is the head of local government institutions (including Municipal Corporations) in the division, is in-charge of infrastructure development in his division, and is also responsible for maintaining law and order in the division. The District Magistrate, hence, reports to the Divisional Commissioner of Meerut. The current Commissioner is Anita Meshram.


title: Greater Noida

text: Gautam Budh Nagar district administration is headed by the District Magistrate of Gautam Budh Nagar, who is an IAS officer. The DM is in charge of property records and revenue collection for the central government and oversee the national elections held in the city. The DM was also responsible for maintaining law and order in the city prior to Police Commissionerate, hence now police commissioner is only responsible for law and order of Gautam Budh Nagar. The District Magistrate is assisted by one Chief Development Officer, three Additional District Magistrates (Executive, Finance/Revenue and Land Acquisition) and one City Magistrate. The district has divided into three Tehsils named Sadar, Dadri and Jewar each headed by a Sub-Divisional Magistrate who reports to the District Magistrate. The current DM is Mr Suhas Lalinakere Yathiraj (IAS).


title: Greater Noida

text: On 14 January 2020, the Government of Uttar Pradesh declared Gautam Buddha Nagar district as a Police Commissionerate (along with the Lucknow district). These two Commissionerate’s were the first to be created in the state of Uttar Pradesh.


title: Greater Noida

text: The Gautam Buddha Nagar Police Commissionerate is headed by an Commissioner of Police, who is an Additional Director General (ADG) rank official, assisted by two Additional Commissioners of Police (Addl CP) — one each for law and order, and crime and headquarters — who are of Deputy Inspector General (DIG) rank. Its first and current Police Commissioner is Alok Singh, a 1995-batch IPS officer (RR).These top three officials are reported by seven Deputy Commissioners (DCP) of the SP rank, nine additional deputy commissioner of police (Addl DCP) and 17 assistant commissioners of police (ACP) of the deputy SP rank.


title: Greater Noida

text: The district is divided into three police zones – Noida, Central Noida and Greater Noida - consisting of 29 police stations. Zone One is Noida, comprising 10 stations of Sector 20, Sector 24, Sector 39, Sector 58, Sector 49, Expressway and Women's police station. Zone Two, Central Noida, comprising parts of Noida, Greater Noida, and Greater Noida West, has nine stations – Phase 2, Phase 3, Bisrakh, Ecotech 3, Surajpur and Badalpur. Zone Three, Greater Noida, has nine police stations — Sector Beta 2, Knowledge Park, Site V, Dadri, Jarcha, Dankaur, Rabupura, Ecotech 1 and Jewar.


title: Greater Noida

text: As of 14 January 2020, Gautam Buddha Nagar had 3,869 police personnel — 42 inspectors, 459 sub-inspectors, 972 head constables and 2,396 constables.


title: Greater Noida

text: Greater Noida has a similar climate to Delhi: very hot and dry during summer, hot and humid during monsoons, pleasant and dry during spring and autumn, and cool to cold during winters.


title: Greater Noida

text: According to the Bureau of Indian Standards, the town falls under seismic zone-III, on a scale of I to V (in order of increasing proneness to earthquakes). At the same time, the wind and cyclone zoning is a "very high damage risk", according to the UNDP report. Greater Noida has a Tropical Savanna Climate with three main seasons: summer, monsoon and winter. Aside from monsoon weather, it mainly remains dry.


title: Greater Noida

text: In summer, i.e. from March to June, the temperature ranges from a maximum of 45 °C (i.e. 113 °F) to a minimum of 23 °C (73 °F). Monsoon season prevails during mid-June to mid-September with an average rainfall of 93.2  cm (36.7 inches). The cold waves from the Himalayan region make the winters in Greater Noida very chilly. Temperatures fall to as low as 3 to 4 °C at the peak of winter. In January, a dense fog envelopes the city, reducing visibility on the streets.


title: Greater Noida

text: Located on Yamuna Expressway, Jaypee Sports City is a planned city aimed for sports, complete with various sports venues like an international standard cricket stadium, a hockey stadium, and an international Formula 1 racing circuit.


title: Greater Noida

text: On 30 October 2011, Greater Noida hosted the inaugural Formula One Indian Grand Prix at the Buddh International Circuit constructed by Jaypee Group. It was the seventeenth round of the 2011 Formula One season, and the first Formula One Grand Prix to take place on the Indian subcontinent and even the circuit is the first of its kind in South Asia. The second and third Formula One Indian Grands Prix were held in October 2012 and 2013, and Red Bull won.


title: Greater Noida

text: Greater Noida Cricket Stadium, also known as "Shaheed Vijay Singh Pathik Stadium," is located near Jaypee Green Golf Course. The stadium hosted its first Ranji Trophy match between Uttar Pradesh and Baroda from 1–4 December 2015. The ground would now be used by the national cricket team of Afghanistan as its home ground.


title: Greater Noida

text: Jaypee Greens Golf Course, an 18-hole, par-72 course designed by Greg Norman, is situated in Greater Noida. The course opened in June 2000 and received a "Tourism Friendly Golf Course" award from India's Ministry of Tourism in 2011. It is the longest course in India.


title: Greater Noida

text: There will also be a hockey stadium which is under construction and has a sports training academy and infrastructure for other sports.


title: Greater Noida

text: The Time Trial cycling event for the 2010 Commonwealth Games was held at Noida–Greater Noida Expressway. Greater Noida Sports Complex Ground is also the Home Ground of Afghanistan Cricket Team.


title: Greater Noida

text: Of late, Greater Noida has attracted a lot of interest from major corporate houses for setting up their businesses in the city. In November 2016, Patanjali Ayurved announced that it would be investing Rs. 20 billion in a greenfield investment in Greater Noida. The project has been approved by Uttar Pradesh Cabinet. A clutch of mobile manufacturers have also shown interest in investing in Greater Noida. Taiwan Electrical and Electronics Manufacturers' Association will develop a 210-acre greenfield electronic manufacturing cluster in Greater Noida with an investment of US$200 million.


title: Greater Noida

text: India’s auto industry is postponing the Auto Expo – The Motor Show 2022 in view of the Covid-19 pandemic and the uncertainty ahead, auto industry body Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (Siam) said in a statement. Scheduled to be held from 2 – 9 February 2022 at India Expo Mart in Greater Noida, the show is being postponed keeping in mind the safety of exhibitors, visitors, and all stakeholders involved.


title: Greater Noida

text: The Noida Metro Rail Corporation (NMRC) launched metro connectivity in Greater Noida on 25 January 2019.


title: Greater Noida

text: This project was announced in 2013. The metro runs primarily across the Noida-Greater Noida Expressway.


title: Bernard Bresslaw

text: Bernard Bresslaw (25 February 193411 June 1993) was a British actor. He is best known as a member of the "Carry On" film franchise. Bresslaw also worked on television and stage, did recordings and wrote a series of poetry.


title: Bernard Bresslaw

text: Bernard Bresslaw was born the youngest of three boys into a Jewish family in Stepney, London, on 25 February 1934. He attended the Coopers' Company's School in Tredegar Square, Bow, London E3. His father was a tailor's cutter and he became interested in acting after visits to the Hackney Empire. London County Council awarded him a scholarship to train at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art where he won the Emile Littler Award as the most promising actor. After "Educating Archie" on radio and "The Army Game" on television, more television, film and Shakespearean theatre roles followed, until he was cast in "Carry On Cowboy" in 1965. Although officially starring in 14 "Carry On" films, Bresslaw did appear in one other: "Carry On Nurse". The legs of Terence Longdon were deemed to be too thin and scrawny looking, so Bresslaw's were used as 'stand'-ins for the scene where Joan Sims gives him a bath.


title: Bernard Bresslaw

text: Bresslaw's catchphrase, in his strong Cockney accent, was "I only arsked" (sic), first used in "The Army Game", and later revived in "Carry On Camping" (1969). In his fleeting appearance as an angry lorry driver in the 1970 film "Spring and Port Wine", his character was dubbed.


title: Bernard Bresslaw

text: At 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m), he was the tallest of the "Carry On" cast, head and shoulders over fellow "Carry On" regular Barbara Windsor, who was . Because of his height, he was briefly considered for the part of the Creature in Hammer's "Curse of Frankenstein" (1957), which ultimately went instead to Christopher Lee. Bresslaw later made a comedy version of "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde" for Hammer titled "The Ugly Duckling" (1959). He made great efforts to prepare for roles, for example learning Fanagalo phrases for "Carry On Up the Jungle" (1970).


title: Bernard Bresslaw

text: He featured as Varga, the lead villain in the 1967 "Doctor Who" story "The Ice Warriors". Even though all the actors playing the aliens were over six feet tall, Bresslaw towered over them. Sonny Caldinez, who played an Ice Warrior in the story, stated in a 2004 interview that Bresslaw "was the only man that could make me feel small."


title: Bernard Bresslaw

text: Bresslaw was a member of the Grand Order of Water Rats, a British entertainment fraternity and in 1988 he was elected "King Rat" of the order.


title: Bernard Bresslaw

text: Bresslaw performed with the Young Vic Theatre Company, the Royal Shakespeare Company and the National Theatre.


title: Bernard Bresslaw

text: One of his last stage performances was as Malvolio in "Twelfth Night" at the Open Air Theatre, Regent's Park (1990).


title: Bernard Bresslaw

text: He played Mephistopheles, alongside James Warwick in the title role of an Oxford Stage Company regional touring production of "Doctor Faustus" in 1987.


title: Bernard Bresslaw

text: He was a member of the oldest theatrical fraternity in the world, the elite Grand Order of Water Rats.


title: Bernard Bresslaw

text: His song "You Need Feet" (a parody of "You Need Hands" by Max Bygraves) was used in the Rutles' TV special, accompanying the Yoko Ono film parody "A Thousand Feet of Film". This was cut from the syndicated version and the original DVD release, but was restored (along with other cut footage) in later DVD releases.


title: Bernard Bresslaw

text: Bresslaw, together with Miriam Margolyes, appeared with English comedienne Maureen Lipman in a series of British Telecom advertisements in the late 1980s. Bresslaw and Margolyes played Gerald and Dolly, a nervous couple who drop in unannounced on Lipman's character Beatrice "Beattie" Bellman and her husband Harry.


title: Bernard Bresslaw

text: Bresslaw was married to the dancer Betty Wright from 1959 until his death in 1993. They had three sons: James, Mark and Jonathan.


title: Bernard Bresslaw

text: Bresslaw died of a sudden heart attack on 11 June 1993. He had collapsed in his dressing room at the Open Air Theatre in Regent's Park, London, where he was to play Grumio in the New Shakespeare Company's production of "Taming of the Shrew". His body was cremated at Golders Green Crematorium, north London, where his ashes were buried on 17 June 1993.


title: Michael Aloni

text: Michael Mark Aloni (or Alony; ; born 31 January 1984) is an Israeli actor, director, writer and television presenter.


title: Michael Aloni

text: Aloni was born in Tel Aviv, to a secular Jewish family. His mother is an attorney and his father is an accountant. During his military service in the Israel Defense Forces, he served as a Gadna commander in the Marva training program of the Education Corps.


title: Michael Aloni

text: He studied acting at the Nissan Nativ Acting Studio between 2006–2009. He also appeared in a number of advertising campaigns as a male model.


title: Michael Aloni

text: He is known for starring in "Shtisel", "Out in the Dark" and the 2017–2018 series, "When Heroes Fly", produced by Keshet. In April 2018 it won the best series at Canneseries and has been commissioned for a second season. Aloni also hosts the popular reality TV show "The Voice Israel". He was cast as Gabriel in "The Beauty Queen of Jerusalem".


title: SpaceX Dragon

text: American private space transportation company SpaceX has developed and produced several spacecraft named Dragon. The first family member, now referred to as Dragon 1, flew 23 cargo missions to the ISS between 2010 and 2020 before being retired. With this first version not designed for carrying astronauts, it was funded by NASA with $396 million awarded through the Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) program, with SpaceX being announced as a winner of the first round of funding on August 18, 2006.


title: SpaceX Dragon

text: SpaceX developed its Dragon 2 spacecraft starting in 2014, with a cargo version and a crewed version. It entered service in 2019 with the Demo-1 flight, and performed its first flight with astronauts on May 30, 2020, during the Crew Dragon Demo-2 flight.


title: SpaceX Dragon

text: SpaceX also investigated a version named Red Dragon for Mars exploration, but the project did not go forward.


title: SpaceX Dragon

text: SpaceX's CEO, Elon Musk, named the spacecraft after the 1963 song "Puff, the Magic Dragon" by Peter, Paul and Mary, reportedly as a response to critics who considered his spaceflight projects impossible. Early on, it had actually been named Magic Dragon, and t-shirts had been printed with this name. As late as September 2012, SpaceX board member Steve Jurvetson was still referring to it as "The Magic Dragon, Puffed to the sea." That was his caption to a photo of the capsule several months after it had completed its COTS 2 demo flight where the spacecraft had accomplished its first docking with the ISS. This song, ostensibly composed for children, had long been associated with perceived references to smoking marijuana. And Elon Musk has a history of making coded references to marijuana. In 2022, Musk offered to buy Twitter for $54.20 per share, which was widely interpreted as a reference to 420 cannabis culture. On August 7, 2018, Musk had tweeted a proposal to take Tesla private at a price of $420 a share, which the SEC was reported to have determined to be a reference to marijuana that would "amuse" his then-girlfriend. On September 7, 2018, Musk explained to Joe Rogan that his personal experience with marijuana is that he smokes it "almost never", and that it has no noticeable effect on him.


title: SpaceX Dragon

text: On September 18, 2008, Elon Musk explicitly stated in a public forum that this was the reason why he chose this name, saying that "so many people thought I [must be] smoking weed to do this venture."


title: SpaceX Dragon

text: Dragon 1 was the original Dragon iteration, providing cargo service to the ISS. It flew 23 missions between 2010 and 2020, when it was retired.


title: SpaceX Dragon

text: Starting in 2014, SpaceX developed "SpaceX Dragon 2". Dragon 2 has a crewed variant and a cargo variant. It began providing service in 2019.


title: SpaceX Dragon

text: "Red Dragon" was a cancelled version of the Dragon spacecraft that had been previously proposed to fly farther than Earth orbit and transit to Mars via interplanetary space. In addition to SpaceX's own privately funded plans for an eventual Mars mission, NASA Ames Research Center had developed a concept called "Red Dragon": a low-cost Mars mission that would use Falcon Heavy as the launch vehicle and trans-Martian injection vehicle, and the SpaceX Dragon 2-based capsule to enter the atmosphere of Mars. The concept was originally envisioned for launch in 2018 as a NASA Discovery mission, then alternatively for 2022, but was never formally submitted for funding within NASA. The mission would have been designed to return samples from Mars to Earth at a fraction of the cost of NASA's own sample-return mission, which was projected in 2015 to cost US$6 billion.


title: SpaceX Dragon

text: On 27 April 2016, SpaceX announced its plan to go ahead and launch a modified Dragon lander to Mars in 2018. However, Musk canceled the "Red Dragon" program in July 2017 to focus on developing the Starship system instead. The modified "Red Dragon" capsule would have performed all entry, descent and landing (EDL) functions needed to deliver payloads of or more to the Martian surface without using a parachute. Preliminary analysis showed that the capsule's atmospheric drag would slow it enough for the final stage of its descent to be within the abilities of its SuperDraco retro-propulsion thrusters.


title: SpaceX Dragon

text: On 27 March 2020, SpaceX revealed the Dragon XL resupply spacecraft to carry pressurized and unpressurized cargo, experiments and other supplies to NASA's planned Lunar Gateway under a Gateway Logistics Services (GLS) contract. The equipment delivered by Dragon XL missions could include sample collection materials, spacesuits and other items astronauts may need on the Gateway and on the surface of the Moon, according to NASA. It will launch on SpaceX Falcon Heavy rockets from LC-39A at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The Dragon XL will stay at the Gateway for 6 to 12 months at a time, when research payloads inside and outside the cargo vessel could be operated remotely, even when crews are not present. Its payload capacity is expected to be more than to lunar orbit. There is no requirement for a return to Earth. At the end of the mission the Dragon XL must be able to undock and dispose of the same mass it can bring to the Gateway, by moving the spacecraft to a heliocentric orbit.


title: Clyde Edwards-Helaire

text: Clyde Edwards-Helaire ( ; born April 11, 1999) is an American football running back for the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at LSU and was drafted by the Chiefs in the first round of the 2020 NFL Draft.


title: Clyde Edwards-Helaire

text: Edwards-Helaire was born and raised in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. He attended Catholic High School and became the first freshman in then head coach Dale Weiner's 29 year tenure to play on the varsity football team as a freshman. In addition to football, Edwards-Helaire also competed in track & field. As a senior, Edwards-Helaire rushed 58 times for 496 yards and 10 touchdowns and was named the MVP of the 5A State Championship Game after catching eight passes for 161 yards and rushing for 88 yards and a touchdown in the Bears 31–28 victory over Archbishop Rummel High School. Rated a four-star recruit, Edwards-Helaire committed to play college football at Louisiana State University.


title: Clyde Edwards-Helaire

text: As a true freshman, Edwards-Helaire played in all 13 of the Tigers' games, playing mostly on special teams and rushing nine times for 31 yards. As a sophomore, Edwards-Helaire finished second on the team with 658 rushing yards and seven touchdowns with 11 receptions for 96 yards and also returned 17 kicks for 416 yards. He recorded his first 100-yard game in a 38–21 win over Louisiana Tech, gaining 136 yards with two touchdowns on 20 carries. Edwards-Helaire rushed for 145 yards in LSU's 36–16 victory over second-ranked Georgia.


title: Clyde Edwards-Helaire

text: Edwards-Helaire was named LSU's starting running back and on the watchlists for the Maxwell and Paul Hornung Awards going into his junior season. He played a major role in LSU's win over third-ranked Alabama, rushing for 103 yards and three touchdowns and catching nine passes for 77 yards and a touchdown in the 46–41 victory and was named the SEC co-Offensive Player of the Week along with LSU quarterback Joe Burrow. Edwards-Helaire finished the regular season with 1,414 rushing yards, which ranked third-most in a single season in school history, and 16 touchdowns on 215 carries, 453 receiving yards and a touchdown on 55 receptions and returned 16 kicks for 214 yards and was a consensus first-team All-SEC selection at running back and was named second-team by the league's coaches as an all-purpose performer and was also the only SEC running back to be named a semifinalist for the Doak Walker Award. After playing sparingly against Oklahoma in the 2019 Peach Bowl due to a hamstring injury, Edwards-Helaire rushed 16 times for 110 yards and caught five passes for 54 yards in LSU's 42–25 win over third-ranked Clemson in the 2020 National Championship Game. Following the end of the season, Edwards-Helaire announced that he would forgo his senior season to enter the 2020 NFL Draft.


title: Clyde Edwards-Helaire

text: Edwards-Helaire was selected by the Kansas City Chiefs, in the first round with the 32nd overall pick of the 2020 NFL Draft.


title: Clyde Edwards-Helaire

text: Edwards-Helaire made his debut for the Chiefs in Week 1 as the starting running back after Damien Williams opted out of the 2020 season. In his first career start, he rushed 25 times for 138 yards and scored a rushing touchdown in the 34–20 victory over the Houston Texans. At 21 years of age, he became the youngest player in NFL history to rush for at least 130 yards and a touchdown in his NFL debut. In Week 6, against the Buffalo Bills, he rushed 26 times for 161 rushing yards in the 26–17 victory.


title: Clyde Edwards-Helaire

text: In Week 11 against the Las Vegas Raiders, Edwards-Helaire rushed for two touchdowns during the 35–31 win. On Week 15 against the New Orleans Saints, Edwards-Helaire suffered a hip and ankle injury, making him unavailable for the remainder of the 2020 NFL regular season. Overall, he finished his rookie season with 181 carries for 803 rushing yards and four rushing touchdowns to go along with 36 receptions for 297 receiving yards and one receiving touchdown.


title: Clyde Edwards-Helaire

text: In the AFC Championship against the Buffalo Bills, Edwards-Helaire rushed six times for seven yards and a touchdown during the 38–24 win.


title: Clyde Edwards-Helaire

text: In Super Bowl LV against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Edwards-Helaire rushed nine times for 64 yards and recorded two catches for 23 yards during the 9–31 loss.


title: Clyde Edwards-Helaire

text: In Weeks 3–4, Edwards-Helaire recorded consecutive 100-yard rushing games. After injuring his knee in the Chiefs' Week 5 game against the Buffalo Bills, Edwards-Helaire was placed on injured reserve on October 12, 2021. He was activated on November 20, 2021. Overall, he finished the 2021 season with 119 carries for 517 rushing yards and four rushing touchdowns to go along with 19 receptions for 129 receiving yards and two receiving touchdowns in ten games.


title: Clyde Edwards-Helaire

text: In December 2018, Edwards-Helaire was involved in a fatal self-defense shooting in Scotlandville, Louisiana. Edwards-Helaire and teammate Jared Small met 18-year old Kobe Johnson in an arranged electronics sale. When the meeting took place, Johnson pulled a gun and tried to rob them, at which point one of the players pulled their own gun and fatally shot him. Authorities did not reveal which player fired the fatal shots.


title: Clyde Edwards-Helaire

text: His surname is taken from his biological father (Edwards) and his stepfather (Helaire). He legally had it changed after meeting with an attorney at fourteen years old, keeping his biological father's last name out of respect while honoring his stepfather for his presence during his upbringing.


title: Clyde Edwards-Helaire

text: Edwards-Helaire's sister Madee has a form of Muscular dystrophy, and appeared on the MDA Kevin Hart Kids Telethon.


title: Drag Race Philippines

text: Drag Race Philippines is a Philippine reality competition television series. It is a spin-off of "RuPaul's Drag Race". The series is produced by World of Wonder and Fullhouse Asia Production Studios. The series airs on Discovery+ and HBO Go in the Philippines, Crave in Canada, and WOW Presents Plus in the rest of the world.


title: Drag Race Philippines

text: The series premiered on 17 August 2022. Twelve drag queens competed for the title of ""Philippines' First Drag Superstar"", a one-year supply of ONE/SIZE Beauty Cosmetics by Patrick Starrr, with a cash prize of ₱1,000,000, powered by Kumu. Precious Paula Nicole won the first season with Marina Summers as runner-up. Lady Morgana was named Miss Congeniality.


title: Drag Race Philippines

text: On 17 August 2021, RuPaul announced a casting call for season one of "Drag Race Philippines" throughout social media.


title: Drag Race Philippines

text: Paolo Ballesteros, also nicknamed as Mawma Pao on the show, is the host and main judge. Jiggly Caliente (contestant on "RuPaul's Drag Race" season 4 and "All Stars" season 6) and television personality KaladKaren serving as permanent judges. BJ Pascual, Jon Santos, and Rajo Laurel were served as the alternating judges for the season.


title: Drag Race Philippines

text: The cast (which is twelve drag queens) was announced on 27 July 2022. The first season of "Drag Race Philippines" began airing on 17 August 2022, on Discovery+ and HBO Go in the Philippines and World of Wonder's streaming service WOW Presents Plus internationally. The season ran for 10 episodes and concluded on 12 October 2022. Lady Morgana was voted as Miss Congeniality. Marina Summers was the runner-up, and Precious Paula Nicole was the winner of the first season.


title: Drag Race Philippines

text: After the first season ended, on 19 October 2022, it was announced by World of Wonder that the Philippine series was renewed for a second season. On 29 October 2022, casting has opened for season two, and the deadline is 1 December 2022.


title: Drag Race Philippines

text: After the teaser trailer for "Drag Race Philippines" was released, it also announced: "Drag Race Philippines: Untucked", a companion series similar to "". The companion series showcases the contestants’ conversations, key moments, and deleted footage in a similar documentary format. The behind-the-scenes series began to premiere on 19 August 2022.


title: Drag Race Philippines

text: On 19 October 2022, it was confirmed that the second season of the companion series (including the main series) has been officially renewed.


title: Toyota GR010 Hybrid

text: The Toyota GR010 Hybrid is a sports prototype racing car developed for the 2021 Le Mans Hypercar rules in the FIA World Endurance Championship. The car is the successor of the Toyota TS050 Hybrid, which competed in the WEC from 2016 to 2020, achieving 2 double WEC world titles and 3 straight victories at the 24 Hours of Le Mans from 2018 to 2020. The GR010 Hybrid was revealed online on 15 January 2021.


title: Toyota GR010 Hybrid

text: The GR010's design is inspired by the Toyota GR Super Sport Concept presented at the 2018 Tokyo Auto Salon, considered to be the GR010's road version counterpart. Its engine is a 3.5 L twin-turbocharged petrol V6 with a hybrid system, which uses lithium-ion batteries.


title: Toyota GR010 Hybrid

text: The car's first rollout took place at Paul Ricard in October 2020. A second test took place at Portimao in December 2020.


title: Toyota GR010 Hybrid

text: Lexus North America actively considered entering a Lexus-badged GR010 in the IMSA championship, although the project was not pursued.


title: Toyota GR010 Hybrid

text: For the GR010 Hybrid's debut season, Toyota maintained their driver lineup unchanged from the 2019–20 FIA World Endurance Championship, with Kamui Kobayashi, Mike Conway and José María López in car #7 and Sébastien Buemi, Kazuki Nakajima, and Brendon Hartley in car #8. Nyck de Vries remained as test driver, with Ryo Hirakawa joining him in development duties halfway through the year.


title: Toyota GR010 Hybrid

text: The 2021 WEC season was a complete success for Toyota and the GR010 Hybrid, with the car winning all 6 races of its debut season, securing pole position and fastest lap at 5 of them and having both cars in the podium at every race except Monza, where the #8 car had reliability issues. With the win in the first leg of the Bahrain double-header finale Toyota secured the Hypercar World Endurance Championship. Furthermore, at the 2021 24 Hours of Le Mans, Toyota would secure their fourth straight overall win in the event and the first for the #7 crew of Conway, Kobayashi and López, who would go on to repeat as World Endurance Drivers' Champions at the end of the year.


title: Bubble Bobble

text: "Bubble Bobble" was designed by Fukio "MTJ" Mitsuji. When he joined Taito in 1986, he felt that Taito's game output was of mediocre quality. In response, he decided to make a game that was fun to play and could rejuvenate the company's presence in the industry. Mitsuji hoped his game would appeal to women, specifically couples that visited arcades. As such, he decided to make "Bubble Bobble" focus largely on its two player co-operative mode. He made bubbles the core mechanic as he thought they would be a fun element that girls would enjoy.


title: Bubble Bobble

text: "Bubble Bobble" became one of Taito's biggest arcade successes, and is credited with inspiring the creation of many similar screen-clear platform games that followed. It was acclaimed by critics for its character design, memorable soundtrack, gameplay, and multiplayer, and is often listed among the greatest games of all time. "Bubble Bobble" was followed by a long list of sequels and successors for multiple platforms; one of these, "Puzzle Bobble", has become successful in its own right and spawned its own line of sequels.


title: Bubble Bobble

text: In the game's plot, "Baron Von Blubba" has kidnapped the brothers Bubby and Bobby's girlfriends and turned the brothers into Bubble Dragons, Bub and Bob. Bub and Bob have to finish 100 levels in the Cave of Monsters in order to rescue them.


title: Bubble Bobble

text: In the game, each player controls one of the two dragons. Players can move along platforms, fall to lower ones, and jump to higher ones and over gaps. Each level is limited to a single screen, with no left/right scrolling; however, if a screen has gaps in its bottom edge, players can fall through these and reappear at the top. Each level has a certain number of enemies that must be defeated in order to advance. The players must blow bubbles to trap the enemies, then burst these bubbles by colliding with them. Each enemy defeated in this manner turns into a food item that can be picked up for extra points. Defeating multiple enemies at once awards higher scores and causes more valuable food items to appear. All bubbles will float for a certain length of time before bursting on their own; players can jump on these and ride them to otherwise inaccessible areas. Magic items appear from time to time and grant special abilities and advantages when picked up. Special bubbles occasionally appear that can be burst to attack enemies with fire, water, or lightning. Furthermore, if a player collects letter bubbles to spell the word EXTEND, a bonus life is earned and both players immediately advance to the next level.


title: Bubble Bobble

text: A player loses one life upon touching any free enemies or their projectiles (rocks, fireballs, lasers, bottles). Enemies turn "angry"—turning pink in color and moving faster—if they escape from a bubble after being left too long or the players spend a certain amount of time on the current level. They return to normal if either player loses a life. After a further time limit expires, an additional invincible enemy appears for each player, actively chasing them using only vertical and horizontal movements. These disappear once the level is cleared, or when a player loses a life. When there is only one enemy left, it immediately becomes angry and remains in this state until defeated.


title: Bubble Bobble

text: In the 100th and final level, players face a boss. This is one of the first games to feature multiple endings. Completing Level 100 in single-player mode reveals a message stating that the game has not truly ended and a hint to the player: "Come here with your friend." If two players complete the game, they see a "happy end", in which the brothers are transformed to their human selves and reunited with their girlfriends. This ending also includes a code that, when deciphered, allows the game to be played in the faster and more difficult "super" mode. If this mode is completed with two players, a second "happy end" is displayed in which Super Drunk (the defeated boss) is revealed to be the brothers' parents under the control of some outside influence. The brothers return to normal and are reunited with their parents and girlfriends.


title: Bubble Bobble

text: Also, if the player(s) reach levels 20, 30, or 40 without losing a life, a doorway will appear in each of those levels, transporting the player to a secret room and displaying a coded message that, once decoded, gives the player a major hint / spoiler on how to beat the game.


title: Bubble Bobble

text: "Bubble Bobble" was designed by Fukio Mitsuji, a Japanese game designer at Taito. A fan of arcade games by Namco, specifically "Xevious", Mitsuji felt that Taito's output by comparison were lackluster and of poor quality, hoping that he could help push the company to produce higher-quality arcade titles. His first game was the four-screen racer "Super Dead Heat" in 1985, followed by the shoot'em up "Halley's Comet" the same year. After work on these two games was completed, Mitsuji set out to make his next project a platform game, featuring cute characters and a more comical setting compared to his previous works.


title: Bubble Bobble

text: Mitsuji wanted the game to be exhilarating and to appeal towards a female audience. Thinking about what kind of things women like to draw or sketch, Mitsuji created an extensive list of over 100 ideas, and after a process of elimination selected bubbles as the core game mechanic. He liked the idea of the screen being filled with bubbles, and thought that popping them all at once would provide a thrilling sensation to the player. His initial idea was to have the player control a robot with a spike on its head to pop bubbles — Mitsuji disliked it for not being "cool", instead preferring dinosaurs with ridges along their back. He liked to write down ideas on paper as soon as he thought of them, often flooding his office with stacks of paper filled with potential ideas for game mechanics.


title: Bubble Bobble

text: Mitsuji constantly tried to think of new ways to make the game better than it was before, saying to have lost sleep while trying to figure out how he could improve it. He often worked on holidays and late at night to come up with new ideas for the game and to perfect it. Several of the enemies were taken from "Chack'n Pop" (1983), an older Taito game that is often considered a precursor to "Bubble Bobble". Mitsuji intended the game to be played by couples, leading to the creation of the multiple endings, which differ based on player performance.


title: Bubble Bobble

text: "Bubble Bobble" was first published in Japan on June 16, 1986, followed by a wide release in Japan in September 1986 and internationally in October 1986. Alongside "Arkanoid", Taito licensed the game to Romstar for distribution in the United States, and to Electrocoin Automatics for Europe.


title: Bubble Bobble

text: "Bubble Bobble" was ported to many home video game consoles and computers, including the ZX Spectrum, Commodore 64, Apple II, Amiga, Famicom Disk System, Nintendo Entertainment System, MSX2 and Sega Master System — the last of these has two hundred levels as opposed to the arcade version's 100 levels, and was released in Japan as "Final Bubble Bobble". A version for the Sharp X68000 was developed by Dempa and released in 1994, which includes a gamemode paying homage to Mitsuji's later arcade game "Syvalion", titled "Sybubblun". Conversions for the Game Boy and Game Boy Color were respectively released in 1991 and 1996, the GBC port being named "Classic Bubble Bobble". A version of "Bubble Bobble" was also produced for the unreleased Taito WOWOW console. In 1996, Taito announced that the source code for "Bubble Bobble" had been lost, leading to all subsequent home conversions to be reverse-engineered from an original arcade board.


title: Bubble Bobble

text: In Japan, "Game Machine" listed "Bubble Bobble" on their November 1, 1986 issue as the second most successful table arcade cabinet of the month, after Taito's "Arkanoid". It went on to be the fifth highest-grossing table arcade game of 1987 in Japan. In the United Kingdom, "Bubble Bobble" was the top-grossing arcade game for three months in 1987, from April to June. The home conversions were also successful in the United Kingdom, where the game appeared on the sales charts for several years. The ZX Spectrum budget re-release topped the UK charts in July 1991.


title: Bubble Bobble

text: The arcade game received positive reviews from "Computer and Video Games" and "Crash". "Mean Machines" gave the Game Boy port of the game a score of 91%, noting that, while some changes had been made, the game played identical to the original arcade port and "provides much addiction and challenge". The four reviewers of "Electronic Gaming Monthly" stated that the Game Gear version is a faithful conversion of the original which works well in portable form. They particularly praised the simplicity of the gameplay concept and the graphics, and the two-player link option.


title: Bubble Bobble

text: "Bubble Bobble" has been listed by numerous publications among the greatest video games of all time. "Your Sinclair" magazine ranked the ZX Spectrum version at #58 in their "Top 100 Games of All Time" in 1993 based on reader vote. In 1996, GamesMaster rated the game 19th on its "Top 100 Games of All Time." "Yahoo!" ranked it at #71 in their "100 Greatest Computer Games Of All Time" in 2005 for its charming premise and cute character designs. "Stuff" magazine listed it as part of their "100 Greatest Games" in 2008, while "GamesTM" magazine listed it in their "Top 100 Games" in 2010. "Stuff.tv" ranked it at #47 in their "Top 100 Games" in 2009, saying "today’s kids might laugh, but this was gold in 1986". "GamesRadar+" ranked it at #95 in their "100 Best Games Of All Time" list in 2011, praising its multiplayer and secrets. "GamesRadar+" also labeled it the 24th greatest Nintendo Entertainment System of all time in 2012 for its advancements over other games of its genre and its usage of multiple endings. IGN named it the 23rd best NES game. "Hardcore Gaming 101" listed it in their book "The 200 Best Video Games of All Time" in 2015. "Game Informer" placed it in their "Top 300 Games of All Time" in 2018 for its long-lasting appeal and multiplayer.


title: Bubble Bobble

text: The game has had at least 30 official ports to a large array of computers and consoles throughout the decades.


title: Bubble Bobble

text: In October 2005, a version was released for the Xbox, PlayStation 2, and Microsoft Windows as part of the "Taito Legends" compilation.


title: Bubble Bobble

text: On December 24, 2007, the NES version of "Bubble Bobble" was released in North America on Nintendo's Virtual Console service for the Wii. The Famicom Disk System version of "Bubble Bobble" was also released for the Nintendo eShop on October 16, 2013, for the Nintendo 3DS and on January 29, 2014, for the Wii U.


title: Cacciatore

text: Cacciatore (, ; ) means "hunter" in Italian. In cuisine, "alla cacciatora" refers to a meal prepared "hunter-style" with onions, herbs, usually tomatoes, often bell peppers, and sometimes wine.


title: Cacciatore

text: Cacciatore is popularly made with braised chicken ("pollo alla cacciatora") or rabbit ("coniglio alla cacciatora"). The "" is a small salami that is seasoned with only garlic and pepper.


title: Cacciatore

text: A basic cacciatore recipe usually begins with a couple of tablespoons of olive oil heated in a large frying pan. Chicken parts, seasoned with salt and pepper, are seared in the oil for three to four minutes on each side. The chicken is removed from the pan, and most of the fat poured off. The remaining fat is used to fry the onions, peppers or other vegetables for several minutes. A small can of peeled tomatoes (drained of liquid and chopped coarsely) is typically added to the pan along with rosemary and a half cup of dry red wine. Bay leaf may be used, along with chopped carrot to give extra sweetness. The seared chicken parts are returned to the pan which is then covered. The dish is done after about an hour at a very low simmer. Cacciatore is often served with a rustic bread. Outside of Italy (mainly in the US), it may be served with pasta on the side or atop white rice.


title: Cacciatore

text: Chicken cacciatore typically, but not always, includes base ingredients of onion, garlic, and tomato.


title: Cacciatore

text: Salami Cacciatore typically originates from the southern Italian Provinces of Calabria, specifically Squillace. Ingredients vary from region to region.


title: Cacciatore

text: The many different variations of this entree are based upon ingredients available in specific regions. For example, in southern Italy, cacciatore often includes red wine, while northern Italian chefs might use white wine. Some versions of the dish may use mushrooms.


title: Tabitha Brown (actress)

text: Tabitha Bonita Brown (née Thomas; born February 4, 1979) is an American actress and social media personality. She creates online video content incorporating veganism, humor and motivational speaking. Brown has over four million followers on TikTok and over four million followers on Instagram . She has been described by "HuffPost" as "America's Mom" and her content has been characterized by critics as being "comforting" and "calming".


title: Tabitha Brown (actress)

text: Born in North Carolina, Brown studied fashion briefly before dropping out and pursuing acting. After developing chronic pain and fatigue, Brown switched to a vegan diet to help with relief. She created her Tiktok account in 2020 and began amassing followers shortly thereafter.


title: Tabitha Brown (actress)

text: Brown has appeared in television shows such as "The Chi and Good Morning America." In 2021, Brown was awarded the Outstanding Social Media Personality title at the NAACP Image Awards. Her first book, "Feeding the Soul (because it’s my business): Finding Our Way to Joy, Love and Freedom", was published the same year, and she published her first cookbook, "Cooking from the Spirit: Easy, Delicious, and Joyful Plant-Based Inspirations," the next.


title: Tabitha Brown (actress)

text: Brown was born in Eden, North Carolina. Raised in Stoneville, she grew up in Eden. She began studying fashion design at Miami International University of Art & Design, but dropped out at age 19 and moved to Laguna Niguel, California. After struggling financially, she returned to North Carolina, this time moving to Greensboro, where she lived for five years.


title: Tabitha Brown (actress)

text: In 2002, Brown got a job as the co-host of a local late-night show, where she interviewed celebrities who performed at Greensboro Coliseum Complex. In 2004, with husband in tow, she moved back to Los Angeles where she tried stand-up comedy. After failing to land as a TV actress, Brown spent five years working at a Macy's in Century City. Six months after the move to California, Brown began traveling between North Carolina and Los Angeles to care for her mother who had developed ALS.


title: Tabitha Brown (actress)

text: Brown had spent three years taking care of her mother. Following her mother's death in 2007, Brown began her career acting small roles in several indie films and direct-to-video films. Brown subsequently developed chronic pain and fatigue and could not work for a year. Brown was introduced to veganism after her daughter had suggested adopting it to help with her recovery.


title: Tabitha Brown (actress)

text: In late 2017, Brown was running out of disability insurance funds, which led to her becoming an Uber driver in October 2017, in order to make ends meet as a "struggling" part-time actress. Her video review from December 2017 of a Whole Foods Market vegan BLT sandwich went viral, after which the company hired her as a brand ambassador to travel the country. In early March 2020, she created a TikTok account on which she began sharing vegan recipes, cooking tips, family moments, and encouraging advice, amassing 2 million followers in the space of five weeks. Brown had also been broadcasting live cooking shows and product reviews on Facebook live since early 2018.


title: Tabitha Brown (actress)

text: In late April 2020, Brown was signed to Creative Artists Agency. In late June 2020, she began hosting "All Love" on Ellen Digital Network. In 2021, Brown hosted the YouTube Original children's show "Tab Time". The same year, she launched a hair care line named "Donna's Recipe" after her name for her afro, and she published her first book, "Feeding the Soul (because it’s my business): Finding Our Way to Joy, Love and Freedom", which became No. 1 on The New York Times Best Seller list. In 2022, she published her debut cookbook "Cooking from the Spirit: Easy, Delicious, and Joyful Plant-Based Inspirations," launched a clothing collection with Target Corporation, and appeared on Good Morning America.


title: Tabitha Brown (actress)

text: Brown's Youtube show "Tab Time" was nominated for two categories in the inaugural Children's and Family Emmy Awards, Outstanding Preschool Series and Outstanding host.


title: Tabitha Brown (actress)

text: Brown is married to Chance Brown, a retired LAPD officer with whom she co-hosts "Fridays with Tab & Chance" on IGTV. Together, they have two children; Choyce and Queston. They reside in Los Angeles, California.


title: Philippines campaign (1944–1945)

text: The Philippines campaign, Battle of the Philippines, Second Philippines campaign, or the Liberation of the Philippines, codenamed Operation Musketeer I, II, and III, was the American, Mexican, Australian and Filipino campaign to defeat and expel the Imperial Japanese forces occupying the Philippines during World War II.


title: Philippines campaign (1944–1945)

text: The Japanese Army overran all of the Philippines during the first half of 1942. The liberation of the Philippines from Japan commenced with amphibious landings on the eastern Philippine island of Leyte on October 20, 1944. The United States and Philippine Commonwealth military forces, as well as naval and air support by Mexico and Australia were progressing in liberating territory and islands when the Japanese forces in the Philippines were ordered to surrender by Tokyo on August 15, 1945, after the dropping of the atomic bombs on mainland Japan and the Soviet invasion of Manchuria.


title: Philippines campaign (1944–1945)

text: By mid-1944, American forces were only southeast of Mindanao, the largest island in the southern Philippines – and able to bomb Japanese positions there using long-range bombers. American forces under Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz had advanced across the Central Pacific Ocean, capturing the Gilbert Islands, some of the Marshall Islands, and most of the Marianas Islands, bypassing many Japanese Army garrisons and leaving them behind, with no source of supplies and militarily impotent.


title: Philippines campaign (1944–1945)

text: Aircraft carrier-based warplanes were already conducting air strikes and fighter sweeps against the Japanese in the Philippines, especially their military airfields. U.S. Army and Australian Army troops under the American General Douglas MacArthur, the Supreme Commander of the Southwest Pacific Theater of Operations, had either overrun, or else isolated and bypassed, all of the Japanese Army on New Guinea and the Admiralty Islands. Before the invasion of the Philippines, MacArthur's northernmost conquest had been at Morotai in the Dutch East Indies on September 15–16, 1944. This was MacArthur's one base that was within bomber range of the southern Philippines.


title: Philippines campaign (1944–1945)

text: U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Army as well as Australian and New Zealand forces under the commands of General MacArthur and Admiral William F. Halsey, Jr. in Operation Cartwheel had isolated the large Japanese South Pacific base at Rabaul, New Britain, by capturing a ring of islands around Rabaul, and then building air bases on them from which to bomb and blockade the Japanese forces at Rabaul into military impotence.


title: Philippines campaign (1944–1945)

text: With victories in the Marianas campaign (on Saipan, on Guam, and on Tinian, during June and July 1944), American forces were getting close to Japan itself. From the Marianas, the very long-range B-29 Superfortress heavy bombers of the U.S. Army Air Forces (USAAF) could bomb the Japanese home islands from well-supplied air bases – ones with direct access to supplies via cargo ships and tankers. (The earlier B-29 bombing campaign against Japan had been from the end of a very long and tortuous supply line via British India and British Burma – one that proved to be woefully inadequate. All B-29s were transferred to the Marianas during the fall of 1944.)


title: Philippines campaign (1944–1945)

text: Although Japan was obviously losing the war, the Japanese Government, and the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy, showed no sign of capitulation, collapse, or surrender.


title: Philippines campaign (1944–1945)

text: There had been a close relationship between the people of the Philippines and the United States since 1898, with the Philippines becoming the Commonwealth of the Philippines in 1935, and promised their independence in mid-1946. Furthermore, an extensive series of air attacks by the American Fast Carrier Task Force under Admiral William F. Halsey against Japanese airfields and other bases on the Philippines had drawn little Japanese opposition, such as interceptions by the Japanese Army fighter planes. Upon Admiral Halsey's recommendation, the Combined Chiefs of Staff, meeting in Canada, approved a decision not only to move up the date for the first landing in the Philippines, but also to move it north from the southernmost island of Mindanao to the central island of Leyte, Philippines. The new date set for the landing on Leyte, October 20, 1944, was two months before the previous target date to land on Mindanao.


title: Philippines campaign (1944–1945)

text: The Filipino people were ready and waiting for the invasion. After General MacArthur had been evacuated from the Philippines in March 1942, all of its islands fell to the Japanese. The Japanese occupation was harsh, accompanied by atrocities and with large numbers of Filipinos pressed into slave labor. From mid-1942 through mid-1944, MacArthur and Nimitz supplied and encouraged the Filipino guerrilla resistance by U.S. Navy submarines and a few parachute drops, so that the guerrillas could harass the Japanese Army and take control of the rural jungle and mountainous areas – amounting to about half of the archipelago. While remaining loyal to the United States, many Filipinos hoped and believed that liberation from the Japanese would bring them freedom and their already-promised independence.


title: Philippines campaign (1944–1945)

text: The Australian government offered General MacArthur the use of the First Corps of the Australian Army for the Liberation of the Philippines. MacArthur suggested that two Australian infantry divisions be employed, each of them attached to a different U.S. Army Corps, but this idea was not acceptable to the Australian Cabinet, which wanted to have significant operational control within a certain area of the Philippines, rather than simply being part of a U.S. Army Corps. No agreement was ever reached between the Australian Cabinet and MacArthur – who might have wanted it that way. However, units from the Royal Australian Air Force and the Royal Australian Navy, such as the heavy cruiser , were involved.


title: Philippines campaign (1944–1945)

text: In addition to rejecting Australian ground troops MacArthur also rejected the use of U.S. marines for major ground combat operations during the whole 10 months of the Philippines campaign. The only contributions by the U.S. Marine Corps in this campaign were USMC aircraft and aviators, who greatly helped to provide air cover for the U.S. Army soldiers and assisted U.S. Army Air Forces aircraft, and one small USMC artillery unit, V Amphibious Corps (VAC) Artillery, commanded by Brigadier General Thomas E. Bourke. These 1,500 USMC artillerymen only fought in the Philippines during the Battle of Leyte from October 21 to December 13. This small artillery corps was the only USMC ground combat unit that served in the Philippines in 1944-45.


title: Philippines campaign (1944–1945)

text: During the American re-conquest of the Philippines, the guerrillas began to strike openly against Japanese forces, carried out reconnaissance activities ahead of the advancing regular troops, and took their places in battle beside the advancing American divisions.