text: CologneOn 8 January 2016, the Cologne police were investigating against 19 suspects of various offences in Cologne on New Year's Eve. On 10 January, the Cologne police was investigating 19 named suspects of various offences in Cologne on New Year's Eve, all of them were non-Germans, ten were asylum applicants, with nine others presumably illegally in Germany, 14 of them were men from Morocco or Algeria.


title: 2015–16 New Year's Eve sexual assaults in Germany

text: On 12 January, the "Staatsanwaltschaft" (state attorney) was investigating 12 men accused of theft, but not sexual offences, in Cologne. On 14 January, an investigation ran in Cologne against 13 accused of various offences; on 21 January this number had risen to 30. All the accused were North Africans; on 29 January this number had risen to 44, with most of them again being North Africans. On 16 February 2016, an investigation ran in Cologne against 73 suspects of theft, sexual assault, or other offences on New Year's Eve, 60 of them of North African descent.


text: On 17 March, the "Staatsanwaltschaft" (state attorney) in Cologne was investigating 120 accused, but at the most two of them were accused of sexual offences. On 25 November 2016, criminal investigations in Cologne had started against 83 suspects of various offences on New Year's Eve.


text: FrankfurtIn late January 2016, police in Frankfurt were investigating ten men suspected of pickpocketing, but not directly sexual violence, on New Year's Eve near the "Eiserner Steg" footbridge in the city centre. The accused were all either asylum seekers or refugees.


text: Eventually, all criminal proceedings in Frankfurt concerning sexual violence on New Year's Eve had to be dismissed due to lack of sufficient substantiated suspicion against specific persons, as declared in September 2016 by a spokesman of the "Staatsanwaltschaft" (state attorney).


text: Düsseldorf By November 2016, in three cases of sexual offences on New Year's Eve in Düsseldorf criminal proceedings had started.


text: Bielefeld By November 2016, 15 criminal proceedings had started in Bielefeld for various offences on New Year's Eve.


text: Dortmund By November 2016, five judicial proceedings had started in Dortmund for sexual offences on New Year's Eve.


text: NationwideAs of July 2016, four men had been convicted for sexual violence on New Year's Eve nationwide in Germany.


text: CologneIn July 2016, the first two men were convicted in Cologne for sexual assault on New Year's Eve: a 21-year-old Iraqi and a 26-year-old Algerian. They were given suspended one-year sentences. By 25 November 2016, six accused of various offences on Cologne's New Year's Eve had been found guilty. The longest sentence was 1 year and nine months, but it was not yet legally valid since the convict appealed against his sentence. The proceedings against 52 suspects had been stopped.


text: Düsseldorf By 25 November 2016, in one case for sexual offences on New Year's Eve in Düsseldorf, the accused was sentenced to 1 year and ten months imprisonment; his appeal against that sentence was still ongoing.


text: Dortmund By 25 November 2016, two accused of sexual offences on New Year's Eve in Dortmund had been convicted. One was sentenced to 25 hours of community service for insults on a sexual basis, the other was fined 1,000 euros for exhibitionism.


text: The 2016 Carnival celebrations were from Thursday, 4 February, until Tuesday, 9 February. After the first night, 22 sexual offences including two rapes were reported to the Cologne police, whereas the two previous years saw 10 and 9 reports of sexual offences after the first night. The Cologne police director commented that "the readiness to report [such assaults] clearly has changed". Of one of the rapes in Cologne, a 17-year-old asylum seeker from Nigeria living in a residence for refugees was suspected, and he was arrested.


text: One rape was reported in Schloß Holte-Stukenbrock that first night, attributed to a 29-year-old asylum seeker from Nigeria, and four sexual assaults were reported in Bonn. By the end of the Carnival, a total of 66 complaints of sexual offences had been reported to the police in Cologne. A female reporter covering the Cologne Carnival for Belgian television was groped live on camera by attackers of native European origin.


text: At the Stockholm annual music festival for youths between 13 and 19, 'We Are Sthlm', in both 2014 and 2015 the police received reports of sexual harassment from around 15–20 women or girls, often younger than 15 years of age. The police did not publicise those reports, but Sveriges Radio reported about them shortly after the August 2015 festival.


text: According to one Helsinki police chief, after the arrival of 32,000 asylum seekers in Finland in 2015, many from Iraq, 14 sexual attacks on streets or in parks in the capital Helsinki occurred up until the following New Year's Eve. According to the Helsinki police chief, such incidents never previously occurred in Finland.


text: On Helsinki's Senate Square (Finland), where 20,000 people had gathered for New Year's Eve 2015–16 celebrations, women had complained to "security personnel" about asylum seekers groping their breasts and unwelcomely kissing them, as the police reported. Three Iraqi asylum seekers were arrested for sexual assaults at the square. In two more sexual assaults, the suspects were also asylum seekers who were taken into custody on the spot, said police.


text: At Helsinki's central railway station, where a crowd of 1,000 mostly Iraqi refugees had converged on New Year's Eve, three sexual assaults were reported to the police.


text: In the Swedish city of Kalmar, 15 young women reported to the police that they were groped by groups of men on New Year's Eve 2015–16; 11 reports of sexual assault were made. Groups of men reportedly encircled women on a crowded square and groped them. The first two identified suspects in Kalmar were asylum seekers.


text: In Zurich, Switzerland, six women reported to the police being surrounded by "dark-skinned men" on New Year's Eve 2015–16 who robbed, groped, and molested them.


text: In Austria, several sex attacks on New Year's Eve 2015–16 were alleged in local news media. One alleged victim of a sex attack in Salzburg related to an Austrian newspaper that while walking with her friends in the historic centre of Salzburg, they were attacked by a group of 10–15 men. One man grabbed one of the girls, put her head into headlock in his jacket, cuddled her, and licked her face. She had to hit and kick the man to free herself.


text: Hamburg – In "Große Freiheit" in Hamburg, club bouncers arranged a protection zone in a backyard for the sexually offended women on New Year's Eve 2015–16.


text: Stuttgart – In at least one case passersby and a club bouncer came to the rescue of sexually harassed women in Stuttgart on New Year's Eve 2015–16, causing the offenders to flee.


text: Dortmund – In one of the sexual harassment incidents in Dortmund on New Year's Eve 2015–16, witnesses intervened, enabling the two harassed women to escape.


title: The Lox

text: The Lox (stylized The LOX or The L.O.X.) is an American hip hop group from Yonkers, New York, formed in 1994. The group is composed of East Coast rappers Sheek Louch, Styles P and Jadakiss. They had originally signed to Puff Daddy's Bad Boy Records in 1996, before joining Ruff Ryders in 1999, and have since launched their own label, D-Block.


title: The Lox

text: Jason "Jadakiss" Phillips, David "Styles P" Styles, and Sean "Sheek Louch" Jacobs, began their musical careers in their hometown of Yonkers, New York. As high school students, they formed a group called the Bomb Squad and began performing at local shows and producing their own demos. In 1994, they appeared on Main Source's "Set It Off" from the album "Fuck What You Think". While the local rap scene was being dominated by artists like Raw Rome, Lord Devon and a young DMX, the group began to gain attention for their lyrical style and ability to present tales of urban life. The group eventually changed their name to the Warlox and continued developing a fan base by appearing on underground mixtapes.


title: The Lox

text: At some point, the trio connected with Jaz-O, and had a demo tape produced by him. One of their admirers was the "Queen of hip hop soul," fellow Yonkers native Mary J. Blige. After acquiring the demo tape that the group made with Jaz-O, Blige passed it on to Bad Boy CEO Sean "Puffy" Combs who signed them to a deal. At the behest of Combs, the Warlox later changed their name to the L.O.X. After signing with Bad Boy, the Lox started gaining a bigger buzz off the strength of their first single "Well, Well, Well" featuring Kasino, which appeared on DJ Clue's 1996 mixtape "Show Me the Money".


title: The Lox

text: The Lox gained national exposure in 1997 with an onside collaboration on Sean "Puffy" Combs' single "It's All About the Benjamins", shortly after gaining additional exposure with their multi-platinum tribute to The Notorious B.I.G. "We'll Always love Big Poppa". The trio later appeared on a multitude of hits, Mase's "24 Hrs. to Live", Mariah Carey's "Honey", and Jennifer Lopez's "Jenny from the Block". The group's debut album "Money, Power & Respect", went Platinum by the RIAA.


title: The Lox

text: In the summer of 1999, the trio found themselves disappointed with the direction of Bad Boy, and the trio wanted to be released from their contract in order to join Ruff Ryders. The Ruff Ryders had always served as The Lox's managers and the group felt like the new label could better represent the hard-core sensibilities which they expressed in their rhymes. Bad Boy was known for its radio friendly dance hits and high priced videos, while the Lox were quickly establishing themselves as hardcore rap artists. The identities clashed — "We just needed to be with a rougher label," said Sheek Louch. "A harder label that fit our image."


title: The Lox

text: The Lox tried all of the legal maneuvering available to be released from their contract with Bad Boy. However, the lawyers and conference calls did not work. At a New York rap concert, the trio sported "Let The LOX Go" T-shirts and sparked a grass roots movement to "Free The Lox." Pressure resultant from the campaign ultimately caused Bad Boy and Puff Daddy to release the trio from their contract. "We really changed the game by doing that," says Styles concerning the contractual drama. "It might take years from now, but other people are gonna do it. We made it so they don't have to be scared to speak up."


title: The Lox

text: During the years that followed, the group contemplated signing to other labels as a collective. All the while working on music, each member continued to record steadily releasing various solo studio albums.


title: The Lox

text: A collaborative album with the Wu-Tang Clan was released in 2012 titled "Wu Block", bringing together two historic groups on an album. The end result was billed as a collaborative album between members Sheek Louch and the Wu-Tang Clan's Ghostface Killah. In June 2013, Jadakiss told "XXL" magazine that several labels, including Bad Boy and Maybach Music Group, made offers to release the next Lox album.


title: The Lox

text: On December 18, 2013, the group released a surprise extended play (EP) titled "The Trinity", on iTunes. The EP debuted at number 141 on the US "Billboard" 200 chart, selling 8,400 copies in its first week. On February 24, 2014, the Lox announced a worldwide concert tour, named after their EP "The Trinity".


title: The Lox

text: On March 1, 2014, the Lox continued their release of new music with a song titled "New York", which was premiered by Funkmaster Flex. "New York" saw the three Yonkers emcees rap over a beat reminiscent of which samples the Pudgee, Biggie-assisted "Think Big" featuring Lord Tariq, backed by the "Ashley's Roachclip" drum break. On March 16, 2014, the Lox released the music video for "Faded", from their "Trinity" EP. On March 24, 2014, the music video for "New York", was released.


title: The Lox

text: "Filthy America... It's Beautiful" was their third studio album, and their first in 16 years. The album was released on December 16, 2016, by D-Block Records and Roc Nation.


title: The Lox

text: In 2020, they released the song "Loyalty & Love", which was later included on their fourth studio album, "Living Off Xperience", released on August 28, 2020.


title: The Lox

text: On August 3rd, 2021, the Lox participated in a battle with Harlem rap group The Diplomats (DipSet) via Timbaland and Swizz Beatz' Verzuz at the Hulu Theater at Madison Square Garden and were widely regarded as defeating the Diplomats decisively with professionalism and preparedness attributed as major factors. Moments in the battle included Jadakiss calling out the Diplomats for rapping over tracks including their vocals instead of using TV tracks before performing his freestyle over The Notorious B.I.G.'s "Who Shot Ya?" released on his 2010 mixtape "The Champ Is Here, Pt. 3" and the Lox responding to Diplomats jabs with chosen songs. First, Jadakiss responded to Cam'ron's remark before performing "Welcome to New York City" that the Lox did not have a New York record that could not beat it, to which Jadakiss responded with his verse in Ja Rule's "New York" that also featured Fat Joe, who was in attendance (Jadakiss also performed the verse when Fat Joe and Ja Rule faced each other in the subsequent Verzuz at the same venue). A Juelz Santana jab after Cam'ron's "Hey Ma" that the Lox had no records for female fans was then responded to with a medley that included "Ryde or Die, Bitch" featuring Eve followed by remixes featuring them of Mariah Carey's "Honey", Jennifer Lopez's "Jenny from the Block" and Mary J. Blige's "Family Affair", plus Sheek Louch's "Good Love" and Jadakiss' "Knock Yourself Out". Styles P also shouted out incarcerated ByrdGang member Max B – who Jim Jones had an ongoing feud with – before performing his verses in Akon's "Locked Up".


title: The Lox

text: Following their victory, streams of Lox music increased by 215%. In the same month, the group was featured on "Jesus Lord pt 2", the final track on Kanye West's 10th album "Donda" alongside Jay Electronica, and received the key to the city of Yonkers. Just over a year after the battle while they were performing at LL Cool J's Rock The Bells festival at Forest Hills Stadium in Queens, Jadakiss presented Styles P and Sheek Louch with Lox championship rings and unveiled his.


title: Transformers: Animated

text: Transformers: Animated is an American superhero animated television series based on the "Transformers" toy line. It was produced by Cartoon Network Studios and Hasbro Entertainment and animated by The Answer Studio, Mook Animation, and Studio 4°C (shorts). The series debuted on Cartoon Network on December 26, 2007, and ended on May 23, 2009; running for across three seasons. In Japan, the show debuted on April 3, 2010, on both TV Aichi and TV Tokyo.


title: Transformers: Animated

text: The show is set in its own stand-alone continuity, separate from any other previous "Transformers" continuities. Despite this, the series features many references to the other continuities; such as footage from the "Generation 1" series being used as a historical film.


title: Transformers: Animated

text: The series began with a three-part move-length episode called "Transform and Roll Out!". Stellar cycles (years) after the Autobots won the great war for Cybertron against the Decepticons, an Autobot maintenance crew led by Optimus Prime and consisting of Ratchet, Bulkhead, Prowl, and Bumblebee discover the legendary AllSpark buried on an asteroid. The Autobots take the AllSpark back to their ship, but are soon confronted by a crew of Decepticons led by the notorious warlord Megatron and consisting of Blitzwing, Lugnut, Blackarachnia, and Starscream. Megatron attacks the Autobot ship and tries to retrieve the AllSpark, but when an explosive planted on Megatron by the treacherous Starscream detonates, the ship crashes on Earth. The Autobots go into stasis to survive the crash, while the scattered remains of Megatron are discovered by a human scientist named Isaac Sumdac.


title: Transformers: Animated

text: Half a century later, Professor Issac Sumdac is the CEO of a robotics company known as Sumdac Systems, which is based in a futuristic version of Detroit in the 2050s. Optimus Prime and the Autobots awaken from stasis and defend the people of Detroit from a monster, resulting in them becoming local celebrities. They befriend Professor Sumdac's young daughter Sari, who teaches them about Earth customs, and whose security card is transformed into a metallic toll which possesses a fraction of the AllSpark's vast cosmic power. Starscream arrives on Earth and tries to take the all-powerful AllSpark for himself, but the Autobots successfully stop him and save the Earth once again.


title: Transformers: Animated

text: The Autobots settle into their new home and learn about Earth culture and customs, all of the while defending Detroit from various threats. Megatron's disembodied head, which has been in Professor Sumdac's laboratory since the ship crashed, comes back online and manipulates Sumdac into building him a new body, pretending that he is an Autobot. Blitzwing and Lugnut arrive on Earth searching for Megatron, while Blackarachnia targets Optimus Prime, blaming him for her techno-organic mutation. New Transformers introduced in the first season include the Autobot Arcee (who only appears in Ratchet's flashbacks), the Decepticon Soundwave, the bounty-hunter Lockdown, and the Dinobots Grimlock, Snarl, and Swoop. Several human villains are also introduced, including Nanosec (who can run at extreme speeds), the Headmaster (who pilots a machine that attaches to and controls large robots) and Meltdown (who is covered in a toxic and corrosive substance). The season ends with Megatron returning with a new body (built by the all-powerful AllSpark from his old body, while also killing Starscream for his betrayal), and the AllSpark exploding into many fragments that scatter across Detroit.


title: Transformers: Animated

text: The Autobot Elite Guard members Ultra Magnus, Sentinel Prime, and Jazz arrive on Earth to retrieve the AllSpark, only to learn of its destruction in the Season One finale. While Sentinel completely disbelieves Optimus's claims, Optimus and his team are eventually able to convince Magnus of Decepticon activity on Earth. The main theme for Season Two is the discovery of small fragments of the AllSpark littered across the city (and possibly, the entire planet), while the Decepticons work on building a space bridge back to Cybertron with the help of Issac Sumdac, who was kidnapped by Megatron in the previous season's finale. This is part of Megatron's plan to invade Cybertron from within, without the Autobots' awareness.


title: Transformers: Animated

text: New characters introduced in season 2 include the Autobots Omega Supreme (who was revealed to be Optimus Prime's team's spaceship), Wreck-Gar, Wasp and Blurr, the Decepticons Shockwave, Swindle, Mixmaster and Scrapper, the human villain Slo-Mo (who is able to slow down time using a watch embedded with an AllSpark fragment), and Starscream's army of clones Thundercracker, Ramjet, Skywarp, Sunstorm, and Slipstream (none of the clones are openly referred to by name in the series, the names listed come from the toy-line, while Slipstream was retroactively given her name by Hasbro). At the end of the season, the Decepticon Space Bridge is destroyed, but Megatron, Starscream (resurrected by the AllSpark fragment in his forehead), and Omega Supreme are sucked through and lost in deep space. Sari meanwhile, notices an injury that exposes mechanical components under her skin, revealing that she is not entirely human.


title: Transformers: Animated

text: Sari is shocked and distraught over the revelation that she is a robot, and instantly assumes that her "father" had actually built her, refusing to believe Sumdac's claim that he discovered her as a small liquid metal body (protoform). Upon examining Sari, Ratchet discovers something quite jarring; Sari is essentially human, but also part Cybertronian. Prowl does some research and discovers that Professor Sumdac was in fact telling the truth, and deduces that Sari is a Cybertronian protoform (the early development stage of all Cybertronians) that came into contact with Sumdac's genetic information. Sari later uses the great power from her Key to upgrade herself into an armored techno-organic teenage form that is far taller and much stronger; (similar to Kamen Rider & Super Sentai/Power Rangers) equipped with several powerful weaponry and unique cybertronian abilities.


title: Transformers: Animated

text: Meanwhile, on Cybertron, Shockwave (disguised as the Autobot Longarm Prime) sabotages several Elite Guard operations in preparation for Megatron's return, unaware that Megatron and Starscream are lost in deep space, trying to gain control of Omega Supreme. Suspecting that the double-agent may be the escaped convict Wasp, Ultra Magnus sends Sentinel and Jazz back to Earth to find and apprehend Wasp, who has found his way to Earth to exact revenge on Bumblebee for framing him. Soundwave and Arcee reappear, with Soundwave being accompanied by minions Laserbeak and Ratbat. New characters introduced in season 3 include the Constructicon Dirt Boss, the Autobot scientist Perceptor, Prowl's mentor Yoketron (who only appears in flashbacks of his most promising student Prowl), and the flying Elite Guard members Jetstorm and Jetfire.


title: Transformers: Animated

text: In the two-part finale, "Endgame", Jazz joins Optimus Prime's team on Earth, while Megatron and Starscream also find their way back to Earth, using information stored deep within Arcee's subconscious mind to create an army of Omega Supreme-sized robots in Lugnut's likeness. Optimus defeats Megatron with the aid of Ultra Magnus' Magnus Hammer (which destroys Megatron's fusion cannon) and a "Wingblade" jetpack built by Professor Sumdac, Ratchet, and Sari while Prowl sacrifices his own vital Spark to reassemble most of the AllSpark into what resembles the Matrix of Leadership, killing Starscream in the process, and destroying the "Lugnut Supremes" all at once. Megatron is arrested, and the Autobots return to Cybertron, and are hailed as heroes upon arriving on their home world with Sari who is intent on learning what is to be an Autobot and finally learn about her unique origins.


title: Transformers: Animated

text: A fourth season was initially planned for, consisting of more than just the regular thirteen or sixteen episodes, but was ultimately cancelled. According to "The AllSpark Almanac II", "The Complete AllSpark Almanac", and issue #71 of the "Transformers Collectors' Club" magazine, season four's main theme would have been the discovery of Energon deposits left by the Allspark across Detroit. Various ideas planned for the much longer cancelled fourth season include:


title: Transformers: Animated

text: The main Autobots are Optimus Prime, Prowl, Ratchet, Bulkhead, and Bumblebee. The main Decepticon cast is made up of Megatron, Starscream, Blitzwing, Lugnut, and Blackarachnia. The main humans, or as the Transformers call them, "organics", are Professor Isaac Sumdac, Sari Sumdac, and Captain Fanzone.


title: Transformers: Animated

text: "Transformers Animated" was adapted into comics and published by IDW Publishing in 2008. The book used cartoon screen captures arranged in comic book style panels. In the same year, they also published a comic series featuring original stories titled Transformers Animated: The Arrival. In Japan, a manga adaptation titled was created by Naoto Tsushima and serialized in Kadokawa Shoten's Kerokero Ace magazine from March 26, 2010 to March 26, 2011.


title: Transformers: Animated

text: The series is animated by Japanese animation studios MOOK DLE, The Answer Studio, and Studio 4°C. Formerly known by the working title "Transformers: Heroes", its new simplified title was designed to specifically distinguish it from the live-action film released in July 2007, months before the first episode aired. The series is distributed internationally by Entertainment Rights.


title: Transformers: Animated

text: The show's supervising director is Matt Youngberg ("Teen Titans", "The Batman"), with Cartoon Network vice-president Sam Register, who also created "Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi", as an executive producer and Vincent Aniceto as a line producer. Additionally, "" writer Marty Isenberg returned as the head writer for this series. Art director and lead character designer Derrick J. Wyatt ("Teen Titans", "", and "Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated") created the controversial "brand new look" that this series introduces.


title: Transformers: Animated

text: The first episode was due to be screened in full on November 3–4, 2007, at the NTFA Mini-Con, a "Transformers" convention in Arlöv, Sweden, but US toymaker Hasbro pulled their approval of the screening of the full episode, despite it being green-lighted by Hasbro Nordic at first. The episode had to be cut down to the first 11 minutes.


title: Transformers: Animated

text: While "Transformers Animated" had aired and completed its run in many other territories, the release of the series in Japan had been delayed. However, on December 18, 2009, it was announced through the launch of the official website that Takara Tomy would be bringing the series to Japan come Spring 2010. Later, TV Aichi confirmed the exact date of broadcast, which was April 3, 2010, at 8:00AM on the TV Tokyo Network. The website had launched with very little content available, with a trailer and wallpaper of Optimus Prime, later with adding Bumblebee media. As with the movie when released in Japan, Takara Tomy is not renaming Optimus to Convoy as they have done in past properties. However, in a solicitation preview of the key chains, Bulkhead was renamed as Ironhide in toy version.


title: Transformers: Animated

text: The Japanese opening theme is "TRANSFORMERS EVO." performed by JAM Project, while the ending theme is "AXEL TRANSFORMERS" by Rey.


title: Transformers: Animated

text: The North American releases feature full-screen video and stereo sound in both English and Spanish (except Season Three and The Complete Series (both feature widescreen video and stereo sound in only English)).


title: Transformers: Animated

text: Whereas in North America the series was released in complete seasons, the UK instead got several single-disc "volumes" containing four episodes each, also featuring full-screen video, but with audio and subtitles in English and German.


title: Transformers: Animated

text: In a press release by Takara Tomy, it was announced that starting in Fall 2010, they would be releasing the series on DVD by Paramount Home Entertainment Japan.


title: Transformers: Animated

text: This is the first (and only) Transformers Animated game. Released for the Nintendo DS platform in October 2008.


title: Madhesh Province

text: Madhesh Province ( Nepali/) is a province of Nepal that was formed after the adoption of the Constitution of Nepal. It is Nepal's most populous province, and smallest province by area. It borders Province No. 1 to the east, Bagmati Province to the north, and India’s Bihar state to the south. It has an area of -about 6.5% of the country's total area. It has a population of 6,126,288 as per the 2021 Nepal census, making it the most populated province of Nepal.


title: Madhesh Province

text: The Koshi River and Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve acts as provincial demarcation border between Madhesh Province and Province No.1 in the east. And the demarcation line between Chitwan National Park and Parsa National Park (previously Wildlife Reserve) acts as provincial demarcation border between Madhesh Province and Bagmati Province in the west.


title: Madhesh Province

text: The province includes eight districts from Saptari District in the east to Parsa District in the west. The majority of the province's population speaks Maithili, Bhojpuri and Nepali and Bajjika.


title: Madhesh Province

text: The Capital city, a sub-metropolitan city of Janakpur, also known as Janakpurdham, is a centre for religious and cultural tourism. It is also thought to have been the capital of the Videha dynasty that ruled Mithila region in ancient times.


title: Madhesh Province

text: The first urban planned municipality of Nepal, Rajbiraj, is also the oldest municipality of the Terai belt of Nepal. The town is believed to have been named after the ancient Rajdevi temple, which dates back to the 1700s. The metropolitan city of Birgunj is an economically important industrial centre and the only metropolitan city in the province.


title: Madhesh Province

text: On 17 January 2022, the meeting of Provincial assembly declared Janakpur as capital of Province No. 2 while the province was renamed to Madhesh Province. Hari Shankar Mishra is the Head of Province while Mohammad Lalbabu Raut Gaddhi is the current Chief Minister.


title: Madhesh Province

text: The word "madhesh" is thought to be derived from the Sanskrit "madhya desh" (मध्य देश), literally the middle country, which refers to "the central region, the country lying between the Himalaya and the Vindhya mountains". However, in the context of Nepal, "Madhesh" refers to the region in the Nepal Terai located south of the Siwalik Hills.


title: Madhesh Province

text: Madhesh has also been defined as the cultural and linguistic space existing as a basis for identity among the people of the Terai.


title: Madhesh Province

text: Madhesh Province is located in the Nepalese portion of the Mithila region, a cultural and historical region now divided between Nepal and India. Mithila first gained prominence after being settled by Indo-Aryan peoples who established the Videha kingdom. During the Later Vedic period (c. 1100–500 BCE), Videha became one of the major political and cultural centers of Ancient India, along with Kuru and Panchala. The kings of the Videha Kingdom were called "Janakas". The Videha Kingdom was later incorporated into the Vajjika League, which had its capital in the city of Vaishali, which is located in Indian Mithila.


title: Madhesh Province

text: From the 11th century to the 20th century, Mithila was ruled by various indigenous dynasties. The first of these were the Karnatas, the Oiniwar Dynasty and the Khandwala Dynasty a.k.a. Raj Darbhanga. The Malla dynasty and Licchavi Dynasty of Nepal were also Maithil in origin. The rulers of the Oiniwar dynasty and the Raj Darbhanga were Maithil Brahmins. It was during the reign of the Raj Darbhanga family that the capital of Mithila was shifted to Darbhanga.


title: Madhesh Province

text: Harisingh Dev (r. 1295 to 1324 CE), the sixth descendant of Nanyadeva was ruling the Tirhut Kingdom. At the same time, the Tughlaq dynasty comes to power, which ruled the Delhi sultanate and whole Northern India from 1320 to 1413 CE. In 1324 CE, the founder of the Tughlaq dynasty and Delhi Sultan, Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq turned his attention towards Bengal. The Tughlaq army invaded Bengal and on his way back to Delhi, The sultan heard about the Simraungarh which was flourishing inside the jungle. The last king of the Karnata dynasty Harisingh Dev didn't show his strength and left the fort as he heard the news of approaching army of the Tughlaq Sultan towards the Simraungarh. The Sultan and his troop stayed there for 3 days and cleared the dense forest. Finally on day 3, the army attacked and entered into the huge fort whose walls was tall and surrounded by 7 big ditches.


title: Madhesh Province

text: The remains are still scattered all over the Simroungarh region. King Harisingh Deva fled northwards into the then Nepal. The son of Harisingh Dev, Jagatsingh Dev married the widow princess of Bhaktapur Nayak Devi.


title: Madhesh Province

text: Until the mid 18th century, the Nepal Terai was divided into several smaller kingdoms, and the forests were little disturbed.


title: Madhesh Province

text: By the 16th century, the rulers of Palpa and Makwanpur controlled the mid-western Terai and extended this control to the eastern Terai by the 17th century.


title: Madhesh Province

text: They controlled the area of today's districts of Saptari, Siraha, Dhanusa, Mahottari and Sarlahi. The rulers of Makwanpur controlled the central Terai region of present-day Madhesh Province.


title: Madhesh Province

text: As per Central Bureau of Statistics(CBS) the province covers about . of Nepal's total area of . with total number of 5,404,145 inhabitants(2011), it is the second most populous province in Nepal after Bagmati.


title: Madhesh Province

text: The province is located on flat plains of Terai, and Chure (Churiya) or the Shiwalik Hills are the natural border of the province which falls on the northern side. The southern side has an international border with India. Koshi River on its eastern side acting as a natural border with Province No. 1. Madhesh Province has eight districts in a series (parallel). Koshi River, Bagmati River, Kamla River, Lakhandei River and Bishnumati River are the main rivers of the province.


title: Madhesh Province

text: The Paag is a headdress in the Mithila region of India and Nepal worn by Maithil people. It is a symbol of honour and respect and a significant part of Maithil culture.


title: Madhesh Province

text: The Paag dates back to pre-historic times when it was made of plant leaves. It exists today in a modified form. The Paag is wore by the whole Maithil community. The colour of the Paag also carries a lot of significance. The red Paag is worn by the bridegroom and by those who are undergoing the sacred thread rituals. Paag of mustard colour is donned by those attending wedding ceremonies and the elders wear a white Paag.


title: Madhesh Province

text: Madhubani art (Mithila painting) is practiced in the Mithila region. It was traditionally created by the women of different communities of the Mithila region. This painting as a form of wall art was practiced widely throughout the region; the more recent development of painting on paper and canvas originated among the villages around Madhubani, and it is these latter developments that may correctly be referred to as "Madhubani art."


title: Madhesh Province

text: Artists create these paintings using a variety of mediums, including their own fingers, or twigs, brushes, nib-pens, and matchsticks. The paint is created using natural dyes and pigments. The paintings are characterised by their eye-catching geometrical patterns.


title: Madhesh Province

text: Maithil cuisine is a part of Nepalese cuisine. It is a culinary style which originated in Mithila. Some traditional Maithil dishes are:


title: Madhesh Province

text: Jhijhiya is mostly performed at time of Dusshera, in dedication to Durga Bhairavi, the goddess of victory. While performing jhijhiya, women put lanterns made of clay on their head and they balance it while they dance.


title: Madhesh Province

text: As a political center of the country, Madhesh Province is home to prominent leaders like Ram Baran Yadav, Bimalendra Nidhi and Pradeep Giri from the Nepali Congress, Mahantha Thakur from Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, Nepal, Matrika Yadav from CPN (Maoist Centre) and Dharmanath Prasad Sah, Bansidhar Mishra, Ram Chandra Jha from the CPN (Unified Socialist) who have been ministers at various point of time and are still active at National level. In local level, Nepali congress remains the single largest party.


title: Madhesh Province

text: The Governor acts as the head of the province while the Chief Minister is the head of the provincial government. The present Governor and Chief Minister are Hari Shankar Mishra and Mohammad Lalbabu Raut respectively.


title: Madhesh Province

text: The province has 107 provincial assembly constituencies and 32 House of Representative constituencies.


title: Madhesh Province

text: Madhesh Province has a unicameral legislature, like all of the other provinces in Nepal. The term length of provincial assembly is five years. The Provincial Assembly of Madhesh Province is temporarily housed at the District Education Office in Janakpur.


title: Madhesh Province

text: The Chief Judge of the Janakpur High Court is the head of the judiciary. The acting chief justice is Binod Sharma.


title: Madhesh Province

text: Madhesh Province is divided into eight districts, which are listed below. A district is administrated by the head of the District Coordination Committee and the District Administration Officer. The districts are further divided into municipalities or rural municipalities. The municipalities include one metropolitan city, three sub-metropolitan cities, and 73 municipalities. There are 59 rural municipalities in the province.


title: Madhesh Province

text: According to the 2011 Nepal Census,the Province has a population of 5,391,349: 2,706,078 males and 2,685,271 females. The province has the second highest population in the country having 20.35%, and is the densest province in the country with a density of 640 people per square kilometer.


title: Madhesh Province

text: Madhesis are the largest ethnic group in the province, while Maithils (Maithili speaking people) are the largest ethnolinguistic group. Yadav is the largest group among the Madhesis in the province making up around 14.80% of the population. Muslims are the second largest group making up 11.59% of the population. Teli (5.10%), Koiri/Kushwaha (4.56%), Chamar (4.22%), Dhanuk (3.49%), Musahar (3.02%), Kurmi (2.83%), Dusadh/Paswan (2.79%), Mallaah (2.26%), Maithil Brahmin (2.2%), and Karan Kayastha (1.5%) are other Madhesi pandit (8.0) groups in the province.


title: Madhesh Province

text: Hill Brahmans and Chhetris are the largest Khas Arya group in the province making up 2.34% and 1.99% of the population respectively. Tharu (5.27%) is the largest non-Madhesi, non-Khas Arya group followed by Tamang (2.17%).


title: Madhesh Province

text: Maithili (including its dialect Bajjika) is spoken as the mother tongue by 60.04% of the population in the province and Bhojpuri is spoken by 18.59% and of the population. Despite being the province's official language, Nepali is spoken as their mother tongue by only 6.56% of the population. Urdu (5.88%), Tharu (3.77%) and Tamang (1.94%) are other languages spoken in the province by a significant minority population.


title: Madhesh Province

text: The Language Commission of Nepal has recommended Maithili, Bajjika and Bhojpuri as official language in the province. The commission has also recommended Urdu, Tharu and Tamang to be additional official languages, for specific regions and purposes in the province.


title: Madhesh Province

text: Hinduism is the most followed religion in the province being followed by 84.75% of the population. Islam is the second largest religion with 11.55% of the population being Muslims and Buddhism is followed by 3.01% of the population.


title: Madhesh Province

text: Madhesh Province has no difficult terrains. However, Province is the only province with a passenger serviceable railway line in Nepal.


title: Madhesh Province

text: The major connecting link for the province is the Mahendra Highway (East-West Highway) which runs longitudinally across the province. All major cities of the province remain disconnected from this highway. Janakpurdham, Rajbiraj , Birgunj and Gaur lie 25,10, 24 and 42 kilometres south of the Mahendra Highway, respectively. The Tribhuvan Highway does not cross as much of the province as the Mahendra Highway, but it is most important link as it connects the province to Kathmandu and to the India. The starting point of Tribhuvan Highway i.e. Birgunj is the most important International Gateway and trade way for this province and entire country and hence known as "The Gateway of Nepal". In terms of revenue generation, Birgunj custom point is the largest. Birendra Highway which is connected to Mahendra highway from Headquarter of Rautahat district Gaur to the Chandranigahapur is 42 km in length.


title: Madhesh Province

text: A few other railway projects are under progress in the Madesh province All these projects are of Nepal Railways. Government of Nepal has proposed Janakpur as a Main Station for 1024 km east–west Metro Railway project and further be extended to India and China for connecting Nepal Railways with Indian Railways and China Railway for business and tourism promotion.


title: Comparison of SSH clients

text: An SSH client is a software program which uses the secure shell protocol to connect to a remote computer. This article compares a selection of notable clients.


title: Comparison of SSH clients

text: The operating systems or virtual machines the SSH clients are designed to run on without emulation include several possibilities:


title: Comparison of SSH clients

text: This table lists standard authentication key algorithms implemented by SSH clients. Some SSH implementations include both server and client implementations and support custom non-standard authentication algorithms not listed in this table.


title: James Carpinello

text: James Anthony Carpinello (born August 13, 1975) is an American actor who came to national attention with his appearances in Tori Spelling's VH1 sitcom "So Notorious". He also portrayed Stacee Jaxx in the Broadway production of the musical "Rock of Ages".


title: James Carpinello

text: Carpinello first appeared on Broadway in the 1999 musical "Saturday Night Fever" as Tony Manero. The musical is based on the 1977 film "Saturday Night Fever" in which the role of Manero was played by John Travolta.


title: James Carpinello

text: He was next cast as Link Larkin in the Broadway musical version of "Hairspray", but left the show prior to its first pre-Broadway performances in Seattle in order to shoot the film "The Great Raid" in 2002. He was replaced by Matthew Morrison.


title: James Carpinello

text: For his third Broadway outing, Carpinello was cast in the Broadway musical "Xanadu". Like "Saturday Night Fever", "Xanadu" is based on a film of the same name—1980s "Xanadu", which starred Olivia Newton-John and Michael Beck as Sonny, the leading role for which Carpinello was cast. Due to breaking his leg in three places while roller skating during a rehearsal on June 12, 2007, Carpinello was forced to leave the production just two weeks before its scheduled June 26, 2007, opening at the Helen Hayes Theatre. Cheyenne Jackson assumed the role of Sonny as of June 22, 2007; the musical's opening was rescheduled for July 10, 2007.


title: James Carpinello

text: Carpinello next starred as rocker Stacee Jaxx in the Broadway musical "Rock of Ages" at the Brooks Atkinson Theatre. When the show previously played off-Broadway, actor Will Swenson performed the role of Jaxx, until Swenson was offered the lead comedic role of Berger, in the revival Broadway Production of HAIR. Carpinello replaced him before Rock of Ages started performances on Broadway.


title: James Carpinello

text: He guest starred on the season 4 premiere of the USA Network series "In Plain Sight". He played former soldier Joey in "Mission Creep", the third episode of CBS crime drama series "Person of Interest", and reprised that role as the series neared the end of its run in June 2016. He was a regular on the short-lived Fox medical/crime drama "The Mob Doctor".


title: James Carpinello

text: He is of Italian, German, Irish and Danish descent, the son of Anthony J. Carpinello, a former Justice of the New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division, and Sharon E. Kelly, a mental health official. On April 25, 2003, Carpinello married actress Amy Acker. They have two children, a son, Jackson James, born on January 22, 2005, and a daughter, Ava Grace, born on September 1, 2006.


title: Strays (2023 film)

text: Strays is an upcoming American live-action adult animated comedy film directed and produced by Josh Greenbaum. The film stars Will Ferrell, Isla Fisher, Randall Park, Will Forte, and Jamie Foxx.


title: Strays (2023 film)

text: In August 2019, Phil Lord and Christopher Miller signed a first-look deal with Universal Pictures. In May 2021, Universal acquired the rights to "Strays", an adult comedy written by Dan Perrault, with Lord and Miller attached to produce alongside Erik Feig and Louis Leterrier. The film is a co-production between Picturestart and Rabbit Hole Productions. Filming began in September 2021 in Atlanta, Georgia. Production concluded by December 2021.


title: Huarache (food)

text: Huarache (sometimes spelled guarache; ) is a popular Mexican dish consisting of masa dough with smashed pinto beans placed in the center before it is given an oblong shape, fried, topped with green or red salsa, onions, potato, cilantro and any manner of protein such as ground beef or tongue, then finished with queso fresco. Huaraches are also often paired with fried cactus leaves, or Nopales. This dish is most popular in its hometown of Mexico City and is also sold in cities with Mexican-American populations such as Los Angeles, San Diego, Chicago, Minneapolis/St Paul, New York, San Francisco, San Antonio, Dallas/Fort Worth, and Houston, but have yet to become widely available across the entire United States. Still, huaraches and other Mexican dishes have increased their presence in the Midwest due to increasing numbers of Latinos in rural America.


title: Huarache (food)

text: The name "Huarache" is derived from the shape of the masa, similar to the popular sandals of the same name. The word Huarache is originally from Purépecha and the Nahuatl word for huarache is kwarachi. Huaraches are similar to sopes and tlacoyos but differ in shape. The original huarache does not resemble a pambazo or a memela. Neither can it be classified as a tlacoyo. The main characteristic of the huarache is its elongated shape, which differentiates it from other Mexican snacks, which do not have holes in the upper part.


title: Huarache (food)

text: Huaraches originated in Mexico City in about the early 1930s. Their origin was at a stall along La Viga navigation channel, where Mrs. Carmen Gomez Medina prepared "tlacoyos". When the navigation channel was covered to make the "Calzada de la Viga", Mrs. Gomez moved to another place and after 1957, when the Mercado de Jamaica was founded, she moved there, and then to a little place at Torno street. Because Mrs. Gomez's new invention was shaped differently than a sope or a tlacoyo, people started to call it "huarache".


title: Organic matter

text: Organic matter, organic material, or natural organic matter refers to the large source of carbon-based compounds found within natural and engineered, terrestrial, and aquatic environments. It is matter composed of organic compounds that have come from the feces and remains of organisms such as plants and animals. Organic molecules can also be made by chemical reactions that do not involve life. Basic structures are created from cellulose, tannin, cutin, and lignin, along with other various proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Organic matter is very important in the movement of nutrients in the environment and plays a role in water retention on the surface of the planet.


title: Organic matter

text: Living organisms are composed of organic compounds. In life, they secrete or excrete organic material into their environment, shed body parts such as leaves and roots and after organisms die, their bodies are broken down by bacterial and fungal action. Larger molecules of organic matter can be formed from the polymerization of different parts of already broken down matter. The composition of natural organic matter depends on its origin, transformation mode, age, and existing environment, thus its bio-physicochemical functions vary with different environments.


title: Organic matter

text: Organic matter is common throughout the ecosystem and is cycled through decomposition processes by soil microbial communities that are crucial for nutrient availability. After degrading and reacting, it can move into soil and mainstream water via waterflow. Organic matter provides nutrition to living organisms. Organic matter acts as a buffer in aqueous solution to maintain a neutral pH in the environment. The buffer acting component has been proposed to be relevant for neutralizing acid rain.


title: Organic matter

text: Some organic matter not already in the soil comes from groundwater. When the groundwater saturates the soil or sediment around it, organic matter can freely move between the phases. Groundwater has its own sources of natural organic matter including:


title: Organic matter

text: Organisms decompose into organic matter, which is then transported and recycled. Not all biomass migrates, some is rather stationary, turning only over the course of millions of years.


title: Organic matter

text: The organic matter in soil derives from plants, animals and microorganisms. In a forest, for example, leaf litter and woody material falls to the forest floor. This is sometimes referred to as organic material. When it decays to the point in which it is no longer recognizable, it is called soil organic matter. When the organic matter has broken down into a stable substance that resist further decomposition it is called humus. Thus soil organic matter comprises all of the organic matter in the soil exclusive of the material that has not decayed.


title: Organic matter

text: An important property of soil organic matter is that it improves the capacity of a soil to hold water and nutrients, and allows their slow release, thereby improving the conditions for plant growth. Another advantage of humus is that it helps the soil to stick together which allows nematodes, or microscopic bacteria, to easily decay the nutrients in the soil.


title: Organic matter

text: There are several ways to quickly increase the amount of humus. Combining compost, plant or animal materials/waste, or green manure with soil will increase the amount of humus in the soil.


title: Organic matter

text: These three materials supply nematodes and bacteria with nutrients for them to thrive and produce more humus, which will give plants enough nutrients to survive and grow.


title: Organic matter

text: The "priming effect" is characterized by intense changes in the natural process of soil organic matter (SOM) turnover, resulting from relatively moderate intervention with the soil. The phenomenon is generally caused by either pulsed or continuous changes to inputs of fresh organic matter (FOM). Priming effects usually result in an acceleration of mineralization due to a "trigger" such as the FOM inputs. The cause of this increase in decomposition has often been attributed to an increase in microbial activity resulting from higher energy and nutrient availability released from the FOM. After the input of FOM, specialized microorganisms are believed to grow quickly and only decompose this newly added organic matter. The turnover rate of SOM in these areas is at least one order of magnitude higher than the bulk soil.


title: Organic matter

text: Other soil treatments, besides organic matter inputs, which lead to this short-term change in turnover rates, include "input of mineral fertilizer, exudation of organic substances by roots, mere mechanical treatment of soil or its drying and rewetting."


title: Organic matter

text: Priming effects can be either "positive" or "negative" depending on the reaction of the soil with the added substance. A positive priming effect results in the acceleration of mineralization while a negative priming effect results in immobilization, leading to N unavailability. Although most changes have been documented in C and N pools, the priming effect can also be found in phosphorus and sulfur, as well as other nutrients.


title: Organic matter

text: Löhnis was the first to discover the priming effect phenomenon in 1926 through his studies of green manure decomposition and its effects on legume plants in soil. He noticed that when adding fresh organic residues to the soil, it resulted in intensified mineralization by the humus N. It was not until 1953, though, that the term "priming effect" was given by Bingeman in his paper titled, "The effect of the addition of organic material on the decomposition of an organic soil". Several other terms had been used before "priming effect" was coined, including priming action, added nitrogen interaction (ANI), extra N and additional N. Despite these early contributions, the concept of the priming effect was widely disregarded until about the 1980s-1990s.


title: Organic matter

text: The priming effect has been found in many different studies and is regarded as a common occurrence, appearing in most plant soil systems. However, the mechanisms which lead to the priming effect are more complex then originally thought, and still remain generally misunderstood.


title: Organic matter

text: Although there is a lot of uncertainty surrounding the reason for the priming effect, a few "undisputed facts" have emerged from the collection of recent research:


title: Organic matter

text: Recent findings suggest that the same priming effect mechanisms acting in soil systems may also be present in aquatic environments, which suggests a need for broader considerations of this phenomenon in the future.


title: Organic matter

text: One suitable definition of organic matter is biological material in the process of decaying or decomposing, such as humus. A closer look at the biological material in the process of decaying reveals so-called organic compounds (biological molecules) in the process of breaking up (disintegrating).


title: Organic matter

text: The main processes by which soil molecules disintegrates are by bacterial or fungal enzymatic catalysis. If bacteria or fungi were not present on Earth, the process of decomposition would have proceeded much slower.


title: Organic matter

text: Measurements of organic matter generally measure only organic compounds or carbon, and so are only an approximation of the level of once-living or decomposed matter. Some definitions of organic matter likewise only consider "organic matter" to refer to only the carbon content, or organic compounds, and do not consider the origins or decomposition of the matter. In this sense, not all organic compounds are created by living organisms, and living organisms do not only leave behind organic material. A clam's shell, for example, while biotic, does not contain much organic carbon, so may not be considered organic matter in this sense. Conversely, urea is one of many organic compounds that can be synthesized without any biological activity.


title: Organic matter

text: The molecular weights of these compounds can vary drastically, depending on if they repolymerize or not, from 200 to 20,000 amu. Up to one third of the carbon present is in aromatic compounds in which the carbon atoms form usually six-membered rings. These rings are very stable due to resonance stabilization, so they are difficult to break down. The aromatic rings are also susceptible to electrophilic and nucleophilic attack from other electron-donating or electron-accepting material, which explains the possible polymerization to create larger molecules of organic matter.


title: Organic matter

text: There are also reactions that occur with organic matter and other material in the soil to create compounds never seen before. Unfortunately, it is very difficult to characterize these because so little is known about natural organic matter in the first place. Research is currently being done to figure out more about these new compounds and how many of them are being formed.


title: Organic matter

text: Aquatic organic matter can be further divided into two components: (1) dissolved organic matter (DOM), measured as colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) or dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and (2) particulate organic matter (POM). They are typically differentiated by that which can pass through a 0.45 micrometre filter (DOM), and that which cannot (POM).


title: Organic matter

text: Organic matter plays an important role in drinking water and wastewater treatment and recycling, natural aquatic ecosystems, aquaculture, and environmental rehabilitation. It is therefore important to have reliable methods of detection and characterisation, for both short- and long-term monitoring. A variety of analytical detection methods for organic matter have existed for up to decades, to describe and characterise organic matter. These include, but are not limited to: total and dissolved organic carbon, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, UV-Visible spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Each of these methods has its own advantages and limitations.


title: Organic matter

text: The same capability of natural organic matter that helps with water retention in soil creates problems for current water purification methods. In water, organic matter can still bind to metal ions and minerals. These bound molecules are not necessarily stopped by the purification process, but do not cause harm to any humans, animals, or plants. However, because of the high level of reactivity of organic matter, by-products that do not contain nutrients can be made. These by-products can induce biofouling, which essentially clogs water filtration systems in water purification facilities, as the by-products are larger than membrane pore sizes. This clogging problem can be treated by chlorine disinfection (chlorination), which can break down residual material that clogs systems. However, chlorination can form disinfection by-products.


title: Organic matter

text: Water with organic matter can be disinfected with ozone-initiated radical reactions. The ozone (three oxygens) has very strong oxidation characteristics. It can form hydroxyl radicals (OH) when it decomposes, which will react with the organic matter to shut down the problem of biofouling.


title: Organic matter

text: The equation of "organic" with living organisms comes from the now-abandoned idea of vitalism that attributed a special force to life that alone could create organic substances. This idea was first questioned after the artificial synthesis of urea by Friedrich Wöhler in 1828.


title: The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel

text: The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel is a 2015 comedy-drama film directed by John Madden and written by Ol Parker. It is the sequel to the 2011 sleeper hit film "The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel" and features an ensemble cast consisting of stars Judi Dench, Maggie Smith, Dev Patel, Bill Nighy, Celia Imrie, Penelope Wilton, Ronald Pickup, David Strathairn, and Richard Gere.


title: The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel

text: Muriel Donnelly and Sonny Kapoor travel to San Diego, California to propose a plan to hotel magnate Ty Burley for buying and opening a second hotel in India as a companion to the Best Exotic Marigold Hotel. They are told that a company inspector will anonymously visit India to evaluate the project.


title: The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel

text: Back in Jaipur, Evelyn Greenslade is offered a job as a fabric buyer. She is concerned that at age 79, the job will require many responsibilities and considerable travel. Douglas Ainslie, who is in love with Evelyn, is worried about losing time with her as well, and also eager to introduce her to his daughter.


title: The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel

text: Sonny's life becomes complicated by plans for his upcoming wedding to Sunaina, plus a possible rival for her affections and his business interests. He is also desperate to impress American visitor Guy Chambers, whom he immediately identifies as the American hotel chain's anonymous inspector. Noting the interest Guy has taken in Sonny's mother, he encourages a romantic relationship between them at first, then angrily resents it when he concludes Guy is not the inspector after all.


title: The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel

text: Madge Hardcastle's dilemma is deciding between two suitors from India and which to wed. Norman Cousins becomes frantic when he believes a local taxi driver mistakenly assumed Norman wanted a fatal accident to befall his current sweetheart, Carol, but then discovers that she has been sleeping with other men. And Douglas' daughter arrives for a visit with his estranged wife Jean (who returned to the UK at the end of the previous film) seeking a divorce so that she can remarry.


title: The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel

text: Muriel, while having received bad news from a medical appointment, struggles to keep Sonny from ruining his wedding, his business and his future, having become quite fond of him. Decisions come to a head for all during the colourful wedding of Sonny and Sunaina.


title: The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel

text: On 29 October 2012, Vulture reported that screenwriter Ol Parker was consulted to deliver a treatment to Fox Searchlight Pictures executives for a sequel titled "The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel 2". Most of the cast agreed to come back. On 28 October 2013, "Radio Times" revealed that the cast would be flying to India to shoot the sequel film in January 2014.


title: The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel

text: On 28 October 2013 "Radio Times" stated that Penelope Wilton confirmed the cast, including Judi Dench, Bill Nighy, Maggie Smith, Ronald Pickup and Celia Imrie, would return for the sequel, set to start filming in January 2014. On 30 October, "Deadline" reported that Richard Gere was in talks to join the ensemble cast of the sequel. Later on 10 January 2014, Gere confirmed his new role in the film; other newcomers added to the film include Tamsin Greig and David Strathairn.


title: The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel

text: The first trailer was released on 7 August 2014, with the title "The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel" announced.


title: The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel

text: The film had its world premiere at the Royal Film performance on Tuesday 17 February 2015, an event held in aid of the Film & TV Charity. Subsequently, the film was released in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand and Ireland on 26 February 2015, and in the United States on 6 March 2015.


title: The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel

text: After the success of the first part, Thomas Newman returned to compose music for the sequel. The Soundtrack Album consisting of 28 tracks was released on 20 February 2015. The Soundtrack included various songs by Indian Artists including Pritam, Himesh Reshammiya and Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy.


title: The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel

text: "The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel" grossed $33.1 million in North America and $52.9 million in other territories for a total gross of $86 million, against a budget of $10 million.


title: The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel

text: "The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel" topped the UK box office during its first week, earning £3.8 million. It stayed top of the UK box office chart for a second week, grossing over £1.9 million and held on to the top spot for the third week in a row, fended off competition from latest Liam Neeson actioner, "Run All Night", and claimed £1.4 million in total. In the United States, it opened strong at number three at the US box office with an estimated $8.6 million in its first weekend of release. During its opening weekend, the film also scored the highest average gross of any film in wide release, averaging $5,467 from 1,573 theaters.


title: The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel

text: On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of rating of 65%, based on 185 reviews, with an average rating of 6/10. The site's consensus reads, ""The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel" is about as original as its title—but with a cast this talented and effortlessly charming, that hardly matters." On Metacritic the film has a weighted average score of 51 out of 100, based on 36 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film a grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.


title: The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel

text: Peter Debruge of "Variety" wrote: "It’s not so common to find an ensemble of this caliber so enthusiastic to work together, and that chemistry comes across."


title: The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel

text: Leslie Felper of "The Hollywood Reporter" called it "a sluggish also-ran compared to its predecessor."


title: George H. W. Bush vomiting incident

text: George H.W. Bush rang in the New Year of 1992 with a 12-day trade-focused trip to Asia and the Pacific to discuss America's post-Cold War readjustment of economic relations and policies. On 8 January 1992, Bush played a doubles tennis match with U.S. ambassador to Japan Michael Armacost against Emperor of Japan Akihito and his son, Crown Prince Naruhito. The emperor and crown prince won.


title: George H. W. Bush vomiting incident

text: That evening, Bush attended a state event for 135 diplomats held at the Japanese Prime Minister's residence. In between the second and third courses, Bush, who had been scheduled to give remarks at the dinner, fainted in his chair while vomiting in Miyazawa's lap. First Lady Barbara Bush held a napkin to her husband's mouth until the United States Secret Service took over. While still on the floor, Bush quipped to his personal physician, Burton Lee, "Roll me under the table until the dinner's over." He assured dinner guests he had "influenza" and left for the evening. Barbara Bush later gave a speech in President Bush's place where she affectionately teased Armacost for the tennis game and jokingly claimed defeat was something her family was not used to.


title: George H. W. Bush vomiting incident

text: The following day, 9 January, spokesman Marlin Fitzwater said Bush had a common intestinal flu and he was feeling fine. That afternoon, Bush held a news conference with Akihito at the Akasaka Palace.


title: George H. W. Bush vomiting incident

text: The incident was widely reported, coming just weeks before the New Hampshire presidential primary and became fodder for the nation's comedians. Footage of the President vomiting was broadcast on the ABC network. The incident was parodied by "Saturday Night Live" with a mock documentary featuring Barbara Bush trying to escape by crawling across the table.


title: George H. W. Bush vomiting incident

text: Shortly after the incident, an Idaho man, James Edward Smith, called CNN, posing as the president's physician and claimed Bush had died. A CNN employee entered the information into a centralized computer used by both CNN and its sister network CNN Headline News, and Headline News nearly aired it before it could be verified. Smith was subsequently questioned by the Secret Service and hospitalized at a private mental health facility for evaluation.


title: George H. W. Bush vomiting incident

text: In Japan, Bush continued to be remembered for this event for several years. According to the "Encyclopedia of Political Communication", "The incident caused a wave of late-night television jokes and ridicule in the international community, even coining "Busshu-suru" () which literally means 'to do the Bush thing'" (or ""Bushing it"").


title: George H. W. Bush vomiting incident

text: In 1993, the incident was spoofed in the comedy film "Hot Shots! Part Deux". According to a 2007 listicle published by "USA Today", the incident was one of the top "25 memorable public meltdowns that had us talking and laughing or cringing over the past quarter-century."


title: George H. W. Bush vomiting incident

text: In the pilot episode of the animated sitcom television series "King of the Hill", lead character Hank Hill recalls the time "George Bush went to Japan and vomited on their auto executives." The animated sitcom "The Simpsons" mentions the incident in the episode "Two Bad Neighbors" where Bush, during a brawl with Homer Simpson, says "I'll ruin you like a Japanese banquet."


title: Suburgatory

text: Suburgatory is an American television sitcom created by Emily Kapnek that aired on ABC from September 28, 2011, to May 14, 2014. The series originally aired on Wednesday nights at 8:30/7:30 Central following "The Middle". The title is a portmanteau, devised by former CNN Senior Producer Linda Keenan, of the words "suburban" and "purgatory". On May 9, 2014, "Suburgatory" was canceled by ABC after three seasons.


title: Suburgatory

text: The series follows George Altman, a single father who decides to get away from New York City to the suburbs so he can give his teenage daughter, Tessa, a better life. However, their move to the suburbs has his daughter wondering if they just entered the world of "The Stepford Wives" after they see how eerily perfect their new locale is, right down to the neighbors who welcome them into their cul-de-sac.


title: Suburgatory

text: The series first appeared on ABC's development slate in October 2010. On January 14, 2011, ABC placed a pilot order, written by Emily Kapnek and directed by Michael Fresco, who also served as executive producers. The half-hour comedy was produced by Warner Bros. Television.


title: Suburgatory

text: Casting announcements began in February 2011, with Jane Levy the first actor cast, playing the role of Tessa Altman, a Manhattan teen who has been raised for the last fifteen years by a single father, George. Tessa dreads the idea of living in the suburbs. Next to join the series was Alan Tudyk in the role of Noah Werner, George's college buddy and a dentist who moved to the suburbs some years earlier. Allie Grant then joined the series as Lisa Shay, a socially awkward girl at school who befriends Tessa. Jeremy Sisto and Carly Chaikin followed with Sisto playing George Altman, Tessa's architect father who moves her from Manhattan to the suburbs, and Chaikin playing Dalia Royce, Tessa's neighbor who quickly becomes her nemesis at school. Cheryl Hines was next cast in the role of Dallas Royce, a well-to-do housewife and the mother of Dalia. She tells George that her absentee husband (Jay Mohr) "travels a lot". Rex Lee was the last actor cast, playing Mr. Wolfe, Tessa's clueless high school guidance counselor. He was originally a guest star but was upped to a series regular after the pilot.


title: Suburgatory

text: "Saturday Night Live" ("SNL") alumna Ana Gasteyer plays the Altmans' domineering neighbor, Sheila Shay, whom they vainly try to avoid. Fellow "SNL" alum Chris Parnell plays Fred, her husband, who toes the line. The Shays have two children: Lisa, who is Tessa's closest thing to a friend, and Ryan (Parker Young).


title: Suburgatory

text: On May 13, 2011, ABC ordered the pilot to series, to air in the fall of the 2011–12 United States network television schedule. "Suburgatory" premiered on September 28, 2011, and aired on Wednesday nights at 8:30/7:30 central following "The Middle". After initially ordering 11 episodes, ABC picked up "Suburgatory" for a full season on October 13, 2011. On December 16, 2011, it was announced that Alicia Silverstone would have a recurring role as Eden, a potential love interest for single father George. This marked the third time Silverstone and Jeremy Sisto had worked together, since first working on the 1995 American comedy film "Clueless", and the 1995 thriller "Hideaway".


title: Suburgatory

text: On March 23, 2012, ABC announced that the series was renewed for the 2012–2013 television season. It would air after "Modern Family", on 9:30/8:30 central timeslot replacing the new series "The Neighbors" which was originally scheduled to air in that timeslot.


title: Suburgatory

text: The theme song, "Pleasant Nightmare", was written by Jared Faber and Emily Kapnek and is sung by Alih Jey. The theme song is slightly different in episode 22 (the last episode of season 1). In the season 2 premiere, Tessa performs a longer version of the song, which she says her mother wrote. George performs the song for Dalia as the season 2 finale ends.


title: Suburgatory

text: The series takes place in the fictional town of Chatswin. The onscreen map animation displayed in the opening credits zooms in on the affluent New York City suburbs of southern Westchester County as the geographic location of "Chatswin". The Westchester County 914 area code is also referenced in the show. The use of the 10805 postal code of the New Rochelle community, as the Chatswin postal code of main character George Altman signifies it as being the fictional town's true location.


title: Suburgatory

text: The series takes its title from "Suburgatory: Twisted Tales from Darkest Suburbia", a book by former CNN Senior Producer Linda Keenan, based in part on her experiences after she moved from New York City to three affluent suburbs, the first of which was in Westchester County. The book, released on October 11, 2011, thirteen days after the show premiered, is described on the front cover as "The Title behind the ABC Sitcom".


title: Suburgatory

text: "Suburgatory" attracted generally positive reviews. The first season holds an 83% "Certified Fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes, an average rating of 7.1/10, sampled from reviews from 35 critics. Its consensus reads: "Suburban satires are nothing new, but "Suburgatory" offers enough abrasive wit and left-field jokes to keep it fresh." Metacritic gives the first season an initial score of 71 out of 100, calculated from reviews from 25 critics, implying "generally favorable reviews". On Rotten Tomatoes, the second season holds a score of 92%, with an average score of 8.1/10, based on 12 reviews, the consensus reads "Suburgatory's second season continues to cleverly balance its cheesy clichés and suburban spoofs." On Rotten Tomatoes, the third season holds a score of 100%, with an average score of 7.2/10, based on eight reviews.


title: Suburgatory

text: "Kapnek manages to make a show that is both satiric and emotionally engaging", said David Wiegand of the "San Francisco Chronicle", "two varieties of comedy [that] don't always work well together." On the other end, Neil Genzlinger of "The New York Times" blasted the show. "[It] begins with a tenuous premise, uses it to leap to an inaccurate dichotomy and supports that with tired, unfunny stereotypes."


title: Suburgatory

text: Carly Chaikin received overwhelming critical praise for her role as Dalia Royce. Critics consistently referred to her as the series breakout star and she was arguably one of the most popular characters in the show. For her performance, Chaikin was nominated for the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series, a Teen Choice Award for Choice TV Villain and many other various nominations for her role in "Suburgatory", but fell short of winning any of them.


title: Suburgatory

text: "Suburgatory" was nominated for a 2012 People's Choice Award for "Favorite New TV Comedy", but lost to "2 Broke Girls", another show from Warner Bros. Television.


title: Suburgatory

text: The series has been picked up in Canada by City, where it is simulcast with the ABC broadcasts. In Latin America the series premiered on October 31, 2011, on Warner Channel. The show premiered on January 3 in Sweden on Kanal 5. In the Republic of Ireland the show began broadcasting on RTÉ Two from March 21, 2012 airing Wednesdays at 19:00. In Spain, it premiered on Cosmopolitan TV on January 13, 2012. The series began airing on the Nine Network's GO! Channel in Australia from February 5, 2012, until it was taken off air in 2012–2013 after poor ratings losing to 7TWO, The Comedy Channel from Foxtel now airs the sitcom. It premiered in Serbia on Serbian HBO Comedy on February 27, 2012, the Serbian name of the show is "Čistilište u predgrađu". It also premiered in Poland on Polish HBO Comedy, on February 27, 2012, as "Podmiejski czyściec" ("Suburban Purgatory"). The show began airing in New Zealand on TV2 on February 14, 2012. In the United Kingdom, "Suburgatory" started airing on Channel 4's digital channel E4 from July 17, 2012. For Germany, ProSiebenSat.1 has picked up the series and will start airing it on Wednesday nights beginning on August 29. It is also shown in Denmark on TV2 Zulu. In Portugal, it was aired Monday to Friday, at 18:30, from November 22, 2012, until December 21, 2012, on RTP2. In Brazil, the show premiered on January 3, 2013, at 3:30 AM in the SBT. In Greece the show premiered on July 15, 2013, on Star Channel airing Monday to Friday at 2:30 PM, airing the first 2 Seasons. In Asia, the show started airing on Star World from January 16, 2014. The show also aired briefly, on Malaysia's, NTV7 in 2013. In France, the show premiered on Canal+ Family on May 3, 2013. The series finale aired on March 23, 2015. The show also aired on HD1 from April 24, 2014.


title: National Airlines Flight 102

text: National Airlines Flight 102 was a cargo flight operated by National Airlines between Camp Bastion in Afghanistan and Al Maktoum Airport in Dubai, with a refueling stop at Bagram Airfield, Afghanistan. On 29 April 2013, the Boeing 747-400 operating the flight crashed moments after taking off from Bagram, killing all seven people on board.


title: National Airlines Flight 102

text: The subsequent investigation concluded that improperly secured cargo broke free during the take-off and rolled to the back of the cargo hold, crashing through the rear pressure bulkhead and disabling the rear flight control systems. This rendered the aircraft uncontrollable, making recovery from a stall, brought on by the damaged rear flight control systems ending up stuck in a pitch-up attitude, impossible.


title: National Airlines Flight 102

text: At the time of the crash, the airline had been operating between Camp Bastion and Dubai for a month. The accident flight had originated in Camp Bastion, where it had been loaded with five heavy armoured vehicles, and had stopped at Bagram Airfield to refuel. The aircraft then took off from Bagram's runway 03 at 15:30 local time and was climbing through when its nose rose sharply. The aircraft then stalled, banked right, and leveled off just before impact with the ground; the whole aircraft exploded into a large fireball, almost damaging the vehicles nearby. The crash site was off the end of runway 03, within the perimeter of the airfield. All seven crew, all of whom were U.S. citizens, died: four pilots, two mechanics, and a loadmaster. No one on the ground was injured.


title: National Airlines Flight 102

text: A thunderstorm was also in the vicinity of Bagram at the time of the crash and the wind changed direction by 120° during one hour commencing approximately 35 minutes before the crash. A dashboard camera on a car in the vicinity of the runway end recorded the crash, which shows the aircraft pitching up, falling into a stall, and then sharply banking right after a slight bank to the left, indicating asymmetrical lift. The plane soon righted itself and then crashed at a shallow angle on the ground. CNN stated that a government official speaking on the condition of anonymity confirmed the video's authenticity.


title: National Airlines Flight 102

text: The aircraft involved was a 20-year-old Boeing 747-428BCF, registration S/N 25630, and named "Lori". It was manufactured in 1993 as a combi aircraft, and delivered to Air France and later modified for service as a freighter with Air France, before being sold to National Airlines. At the time of the crash, the aircraft was flying on behalf of the United States Air Force's Air Mobility Command.


title: National Airlines Flight 102

text: The captain was 34-year-old Brad Hasler, who had worked for the airline since 2004. He had 6,000 flight hours, including 440 hours on the Boeing 747.


title: National Airlines Flight 102

text: The first officer was 33-year-old Jamie Lee Brokaw, who had worked for the airline since 2009 and had 1,100 flight hours, with 209 of them on the Boeing 747.


title: National Airlines Flight 102

text: The relief captain was 37-year old Jeremy Lipka, and the relief first officer was 32-year-old Rinku Shumman.


title: National Airlines Flight 102

text: The crash interrupted the New Zealand Defence Force's (NZDF) withdrawal from Afghanistan, as it was only hours away from using another National Airlines aircraft to fly equipment out of the country; after the crash, the NZDF indefinitely postponed using National Airlines for its airlift requirements.


title: National Airlines Flight 102

text: The aircraft name "Lori" was transferred to another National Airlines 747 eight years later, which was registered as N936CA and former Global SuperTanker Services aircraft.


title: National Airlines Flight 102

text: The United States National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) and the Afghanistan Civil Aviation Authority investigated the crash. The NTSB reported in a 30 April 2013 press release that representatives of the Federal Aviation Administration and the Boeing Company would also provide technical expertise and aid in the investigation.


title: National Airlines Flight 102

text: On 2 June 2013, investigators from the Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation of Afghanistan confirmed the load shift hypothesis as the starting point: the cargo of five mine resistant ambush protected vehicles (three Cougars and two Oshkosh M-ATV's), totaling 80 tons of weight, had not been properly secured. At least one armored vehicle had come loose and rolled backward, crashing through the airplane's rear bulkhead, damaging it. In the process it crippled key hydraulic systems and severely damaged the horizontal stabilizer components – most notably breaking its jackscrew, which rendered the airplane uncontrollable. Control of the aircraft was therefore lost, with the abnormal pitch-up rotation, stall, and crash to the ground ensuing. The damage made it impossible for the crew to regain control of the aircraft.


title: National Airlines Flight 102

text: The NTSB determined that the probable cause of this accident was "National Airlines' inadequate procedures for restraining special cargo loads, which resulted in the loadmaster's improper restraint of the cargo." One of the key recommendations was to mandate training for all loadmasters.


title: National Airlines Flight 102

text: The Canadian TV series "Mayday" (also known as "Air Disasters" and "Air Emergency" in the US and "Air Crash Investigation" in the UK and the rest of the world) covered Flight 102 in episode 10 of season 16, called "Afghan Nightmare", first broadcast in 2017.


title: Pillars of Eternity II: Deadfire

text: Pillars of Eternity II: Deadfire is a role-playing video game developed by Obsidian Entertainment and published by Versus Evil. It is the sequel to 2015's "Pillars of Eternity", and was released for Microsoft Windows, Linux, macOS in May 2018, and for PlayStation 4, and Xbox One in January 2020. A version for the Nintendo Switch was originally announced in 2018, but has been ultimately cancelled in February 2022 after multiple delays. The game was announced in January 2017 with a crowdfunding campaign on Fig, where it reached its funding goal within a day.


title: Pillars of Eternity II: Deadfire

text: "Pillars of Eternity II: Deadfire" is a role-playing video game that is played from an isometric perspective. Both returning and new companions are available, depending upon the choices made by the player, which play an optional story role within the game. "Deadfire" focuses on seafaring and island exploration via a ship. Crews can also be hired to look over them and assist in ship combat. Class based gameplay returns, with each class having at least four optional sub-classes with unique skills. A new feature in "Deadfire" compared to the original are sub-classes.


title: Pillars of Eternity II: Deadfire

text: "Deadfire" is a direct sequel to "Pillars of Eternity", taking place in the world of Eora. As with the first game, the player assumes the role of a "Watcher", a character with the ability to look into other people's souls and read their memories, as well as the ones of their past lives.


title: Pillars of Eternity II: Deadfire

text: The story begins five years after the events of the first game. Eothas, the god of light and rebirth who was believed dead, awakens under the player's stronghold Caed Nua from the first game. Eothas' awakening is extremely violent, and he destroys Caed Nua, while he drains the souls of the people in the surrounding area. The Watcher similarly has a piece of his soul torn out during the attack, but manages to barely cling to life. In this near-dead state, he is contacted by Berath, the god of death, who offers to restore his soul in exchange for agreeing to become Berath's herald and take on the task of pursuing Eothas to discover what he is planning. The hunt for Eothas takes the Watcher (and his crew) via ship to the Deadfire Archipelago, where they must try to seek out answers—answers which could throw mortals and the gods themselves into chaos. The player's actions and decisions in the first game influence certain storyline elements of "Deadfire".


title: Pillars of Eternity II: Deadfire

text: Throughout the story, the Watcher meets four different factions all vying for control over the Deadfire area: the imperialistic Royal Deadfire Company, acting on behalf of the expansionist Rauatai empire; the more profit-oriented and mercantile Vailian Trading Company, acting on behalf of the Vailian Republics; the traditionalist Huana, a tribal alliance of natives seeking to uphold their people's independence; and the Príncipi sen Patrena, a federation of pirates seeking to establish a republic of their own. The Watcher can help or hinder these factions along the way. Through their pursuit of Eothas, the Watcher eventually discovers the god's true intentions: he aims to break the Wheel, the cycle of reincarnation that governs the souls of Eora and by extension feeds the gods with the energy they need to sustain themselves, hoping that in doing so he can break the other gods' control over all mortal beings, allowing them to be free to pursue their own destinies. To that end, he seeks the mythical lost city of Ukaizo, where the mechanism controlling the Wheel is housed. Though the other gods intervene several times in an attempt to stop Eothas, he is undeterred and continues towards his goal.


title: Pillars of Eternity II: Deadfire

text: By either swearing fealty to one of the factions and gaining their help or acting independently, the Watcher and their ship braves the stormy sea of Ondra's Mortar, which protects the city of Ukaizo, just as Eothas makes his final approach to the Wheel, and confronts him there. Eothas, though sympathetic to the Watcher, refuses to back down from his endeavor, explaining to the Watcher that destroying the Wheel would most likely kill him and the rest of the gods for good, but that his death will also give him the power to enact a great change upon all of Eora. Before destroying the Wheel, he returns the piece of the Watcher's soul he took from him, thereby freeing him from his debt to Berath, and asks for his advice on what that change should be. An epilogue then follows, detailing the effects the Watcher's choices had on their companions, the different factions, the Deadfire, and the world at large. In the end, the Watcher resolves to head home to the Dyrwood, uncertain of what the future now holds for both gods and mortals.


title: Pillars of Eternity II: Deadfire

text: The game was developed by Obsidian Entertainment, creators of the original "Pillars of Eternity", and was published by Versus Evil with partial funding by Fig. In May 2016, Obsidian CEO Feargus Urquhart announced that the game had entered production. Like its predecessor, Obsidian chose to launch a crowdfunding campaign on Fig to raise money for the development. The campaign launched on January 26, 2017, with a funding goal of million with 2.25 million open for equity. The funding goal was achieved in under 23 hours, and surpassed $4.4 million by the end of the campaign.


title: Pillars of Eternity II: Deadfire

text: The game was released for Microsoft Windows, Linux, and macOS on May 8, 2018, and was initially set to be released at a later date for Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One. A downloadable content pack, "Critical Role Pack" was released for free alongside the game's launch, adding additional character voices and portraits from the first campaign of "Critical Role". In January 2019, an update for the game was released that added a turn-based combat style. The sequel eventually launched for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One in January 2020, but the Nintendo Switch version was ultimately confirmed as cancelled by Versus Evil via their official Discord server in February 2022. This follows news from a year earlier when Versus Evil ceased releasing patches for the Switch version of "Pillars of Eternity: Complete Edition", despite unresolved issues. Versus Evil cited the Switch's system limitations.


title: Pillars of Eternity II: Deadfire

text: "Pillars of Eternity" design director Josh Sawyer explained that if the team were to create a sequel, they would set it in a different location within the game's fictional world to ensure the setting felt new and interesting. Sawyer stated that one focus of "Deadfire" was to address criticisms raised over the abundance of filler combat encounters in the original game. The game's size is significantly larger than the original.


title: Pillars of Eternity II: Deadfire

text: "Pillars of Eternity II: Deadfire" was met with generally positive reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic. Sawyer said that the game's sales were "relatively low" compared to their expectations.


title: Pillars of Eternity II: Deadfire

text: "Pillars of Eternity II: Deadfire" was nominated for "Best Storytelling" and "PC Game of the Year" at the 2018 Golden Joystick Awards, for "Best Role-Playing Game" at The Game Awards 2018, for "Fan Favorite Role Playing Game" at the Gamers' Choice Awards, for "Role-Playing Game of the Year" at the D.I.C.E. Awards, for "Outstanding Achievement in Videogame Writing" at the Writers Guild of America Awards 2018, for "Outstanding Video Game" at the 30th GLAAD Media Awards, and for "Adventure Game" and "Best Writing" at the 2019 Webby Awards.


title: Daeva

text: A daeva (Avestan: 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 "daēuua") is a Zoroastrian supernatural entity with disagreeable characteristics. In the Gathas, the oldest texts of the Zoroastrian canon, the "daeva"s are "gods that are (to be) rejected". This meaning is – subject to interpretation – perhaps also evident in the Old Persian ""daiva" inscription" of the 5th century BCE. In the "Younger Avesta", the "daeva"s are divinities that promote chaos and disorder. In later tradition and folklore, the "dēw"s (Zoroastrian Middle Persian; New Persian "div"s) are personifications of every imaginable evil. Over time, the Daeva myth as Div became integrated to Islam.


title: Daeva

text: "Daeva", the Iranian language term, shares the same origin of "Deva" of Hinduism. While the word for the Vedic spirits and the word for the Zoroastrian entities are etymologically related, their function and thematic development is altogether different. Originally, the term was used to denote beings of cultural folklore which predate use in scripture.


title: Daeva

text: Equivalents for Avestan "daeva" in Iranian languages include Pashto, Balochi, Kurdish "dêw", Persian "dīv"/"deev", all of which apply to ogres, monsters, and other villainous creatures. The Iranian word was borrowed into Old Armenian as "dew", Georgian as "devi", Urdu as "deo", and Turkish as "dev" with the same negative associations in those languages. In English, the word appears as "daeva", "div", "deev", and in the 18th century fantasy novels of William Thomas Beckford as "dive".


title: Daeva

text: It has been speculated that the concept of the daevas as a malevolent force may have been inspired from the Scythian gods.


title: Daeva

text: Old Avestan "daēuua" or "daēva" derives from Old Iranian "*daiva", which in turn derives from Indo-Iranian "*daivá-" "god", reflecting Proto-Indo-European "*deywós" with the same meaning. For other Indo-European derivatives, see Dyeus. The Vedic Sanskrit cognate of Avestan "daēuua" is "devá-", continuing in later Indo-Aryan languages as "dev".


title: Daeva

text: Because all cognates of Iranian "*daiva" have a positive connotation, but "no known Iranian dialect attests clearly and certainly the survival of a positive sense for [Old Iranian] "*daiva-"", in the 19th- and 20th-century a great deal of academic discussion revolved around questions of how Iranian "daeva" might have gained its derogatory meaning. This "fundamental fact of Iranian linguistics" is "impossible" to reconcile with the testimony of the Gathas, where the "daeva"s, though rejected, were still evidently gods that continued to have a following. The same is true of the "daiva" inscription, where the "daiva" are the gods of (potential) rebels, but still evidently gods that continued to have a following.


title: Daeva

text: The issue is related to the question of how Zoroaster's own contribution to Iranian religion might be defined. In the older early/mid 20th-century view (so-called reform hypothesis), in which Zoroaster was perceived to be a revolutionary reformer, it was assumed that the "daeva"s must have been the "national" gods (see comparison with Indic usage, below) of pre-Zoroaster-ian Iran, which Zoroaster had then rejected. This attribution to Zoroaster is also found in the 9th/10th-century books of Zoroastrian tradition, and Gershevitch and others following Lommel consider the progression from "national" gods to demons to be attributable to the "genius of Zoroaster". Subsequent scholarship (so-called progressive hypothesis) has a more differentiated view of Zoroaster, and does not follow the unprovable assumption that prehistoric Iranian religion ever had "national" gods (and thus also that the "daeva"s could have represented such a group), nor does it involve hypothetical conjecture of whose gods the "daeva"s might/might not have been. While the progressive hypothesis gives Zoroaster credit for giving Iranian religion a moral and ethical dimension, it does not (with one notable exception) give Zoroaster credit for the development of the "daeva"s into demons. It assumes that the development was gradual, and that a general distrust of the "daeva"s already existed by the time the Gathas were composed.


title: Daeva

text: Although with some points of comparison such as shared etymology, Indic "devá-" is thematically different from Avestan "daēva".


title: Daeva

text: While in the post-Rigvedic Indic texts the conflict between the two groups of "deva"s and "asuras" is a primary theme, this is not a theme in either the Rigveda nor in the Iranian texts,


title: Daeva

text: and therefore cannot have been a feature of a common heritage. The use of "asura" in the Rigveda is unsystematic and inconsistent and "it can hardly be said to confirm the existence of a category of gods opposed to the "deva"s". Indeed, RigVedic "deva" is variously applied to most gods, including many of the "asura"s. Likewise, at the oldest layer, Zoroastrianism's "daeva"s are originally also gods (albeit gods to be rejected), and it is only in the younger texts that the word evolved to refer to evil creatures. And the Zoroastrian "ahura"s (etymologically related to the Vedic "asura"s) are also only vaguely defined, and only three in number.


title: Daeva

text: Moreover, the daemonization of the "asura"s in India and the daemonization of the "daeva"s in Iran both took place "so late that the associated terms cannot be considered a feature of Indo-Iranian religious dialectology". The view popularized by Nyberg, Jacques Duchesne-Guillemin, and Widengren of a prehistorical opposition of "*asura/daiva" involves "interminable and entirely conjectural discussions" on the status of various Indo-Iranian entities that in one culture are "asura"s/"ahura"s and in the other are "deva"s/"daeva"s (see examples in the Younger Avesta, below).


title: Daeva

text: In the Gathas, the oldest texts of Zoroastrianism and credited to Zoroaster himself, the "daeva"s are not yet the demons that they would become in later Zoroastrianism; though their rejection is notable in the Gathas themselves. The Gathas speak of the "daeva"s as a group, and do not mention individual "daeva"s by name. In these ancient texts, the term "daeva"s (also spelled 'daēuuas') occurs 19 times; wherein "daeva"s are a distinct category of "quite genuine gods, who had, however, been rejected". In "Yasna" 32.3 and 46.1, the "daeva"s are still worshipped by the Iranian peoples. "Yasna" 32.8 notes that some of the followers of Zoroaster had previously been followers of the "daeva"s; though, the "daeva"s are clearly identified with evil (e.g., "Yasna" 32.5).


title: Daeva

text: In the Gathas, "daeva"s are censured as being incapable of discerning truth ("asha-") from falsehood ("druj-"). They are consequently in "error" ("aēnah-"), but are never identified as "drəguuaṇt-" "people of the lie". The conclusion drawn from such ambiguity is that, at the time the Gathas were composed, "the process of rejection, negation, or daemonization of these gods was only just beginning, but, as the evidence is full of gaps and ambiguities, this impression may be erroneous".


title: Daeva

text: In Yasna 32.4, the "daeva"s are revered by the "Usij", described as a class of "false priests", devoid of goodness of mind and heart, and hostile to cattle and husbandry ("Yasna" 32.10–11, 44.20). Like the "daeva"s that they follow, "the "Usij" are known throughout the seventh region of the earth as the offspring of "aka mainyu," "druj," and arrogance. ("Yasna" 32.3)". "Yasna" 30.6 suggests the "daeva"-worshipping priests debated frequently with Zoroaster, but failed to persuade him.


title: Daeva

text: In the Younger Avesta, the "daeva"s are unambiguously hostile entities. In contrast, the word "daevayasna-" (literally, "one who sacrifices to "daeva"s") denotes adherents of other religions and thus still preserves some semblance of the original meaning in that the "daeva-" prefix still denotes "other" gods. In "Yasht" 5.94 however, the "daevayasna-" are those who sacrifice to Anahita during the hours of darkness, i.e., the hours when the "daeva"s lurk about, and "daevayasna-" appears then to be an epithet applied to those who deviate from accepted practice and/or harvested religious disapproval.


title: Daeva

text: The "Vendidad", a contraction of "vi-daevo-dāta", "given against the "daeva"s", is a collection of late Avestan texts that deals almost exclusively with the "daeva"s, or rather, their various manifestations and with ways to confound them. "Vi.daeva-" "rejecting the "daeva"s" qualifies the faithful Zoroastrian with the same force as "mazdayasna-" ('Mazda worshiper').