title: Derry (Stephen King)

text: The Derry Civic Center is a recent structure built after the old civic center was destroyed in the 1985 flood. It was designed by famed architect (and one-time Derry resident) Ben Hanscom. It plays an important role in the events of the novel "Insomnia". The Crimson King, the supervillain of King's "Dark Tower" series, planned to use Ed Deepneau to fly into the Civic Center on a kamikaze mission, using a small plane armed with C4 explosives. The aim of this mission was not to kill the people inside the Center but to kill a child named Patrick Danville, who plays a key role in the "Dark Tower" story. Following an encounter with the Crimson King himself, Ralph Roberts and Lois Chasse force Deepneau to crash the plane in the Center's parking lot. Several people are killed, but Danville is ultimately saved.


title: Derry (Stephen King)

text: The Kitchener Ironworks was an ironworks outside of Derry. In 1906, despite every machine in the works having been shut completely down, the Ironworks inexplicably exploded, killing a group of 88 children and 102 total people who were participating in an Easter egg hunt. The tragedy was caused by It sabotaging the equipment, presumed to be responsible for eight missing bodies. This marked the beginning of the creature's 27-year hibernation period. It is at the ruins of the Kitchener Ironworks where a young Mike Hanlon first encounters It in the form of a giant bird in 1958.


title: Derry (Stephen King)

text: In the 2017 adaptation, Ben Hanscom first encounters It in the form of a headless child that was among the victims of the Kitchener Ironworks incident.


title: Derry (Stephen King)

text: In "11/22/63", at the Kitchener Works in October 1958 Jake Epping encounters the monstrous It from the novel "It". Jake finds a pile of gnawed bones and a tiny chewed collar with a bell on it inside a fallen chimney. From deep inside a large pipe, something moved and shuffled. It whispered in Jake's head, attempting to lure him inside.


title: Derry (Stephen King)

text: The Standpipe was a large water tower in Derry, very similar to the Thomas Hill Standpipe. In its earlier days, it remained unlocked so that patrons of an adjoining park could climb a spiral staircase around the tank to look out over Derry from the top. The Standpipe was closed to the public after several children drowned in the tank, most likely the fault of It. The Standpipe is where Stan Uris first encounters It, which takes the form of drowned children.


title: Derry (Stephen King)

text: After the grown-up Losers Club kills It in the second Ritual Of Chüd in 1985, a huge storm ensues, destroying many buildings and landmarks in Derry, including the Standpipe. In "Dreamcatcher", Mr. Gray drives to Derry to find the Standpipe, only to discover a memorial featuring a cast-bronze statue of two children and a plaque underneath, dedicated to the victims of the 1985 flood and of It. The plaque has been vandalized with graffiti reading "PENNYWISE LIVES". In "11/22/63", Jake Epping buys a pillow with a picture of the Standpipe on it. He hides a gun in it, the gun he uses to kill Frank Dunning.


title: Derry (Stephen King)

text: According to "It", the Tracker Brothers were two men who owned a trucking depot on Kansas Street during Its 1958 killing spree. The brothers maintained a baseball field behind the depot for children to play on. In "Dreamcatcher", Jonesy, the Beav, Henry, and Pete first meet Duddits in the depot's parking lot in 1978 (at which time the depot has closed), saving him from a gang of bullies. In 1985, while visiting the abandoned depot, Eddie Kaspbrak encounters Pennywise for the first time since his childhood. The depot was destroyed in the same 1985 storm that destroyed the Standpipe.


title: Derry (Stephen King)

text: In "The Running Man", a Richard Bachman novella set in a dystopian future, Derry is home to a large airport consisting of acres of parking lots, a huge "Northern States Terminal", several runways with the capacity to support large widebody aircraft, and a large fuel tank farm. Ben Richards, the novella's protagonist, arrives here by car and is allowed to board a "Lockheed GA/Superbird" by bluffing that he has enough plastic explosive with him to blow up the entire complex.


title: Yakuza 3

text: "Yakuza 3" introduces PlayStation Network Trophies to the series with 45 trophies (50 in the Eastern releases). It adds four gameplay elements:


title: Yakuza 3

text: The main story spans twelve chapters plus a prologue. As with the earlier games, each chapter is preceded by a cinematic, called an "event scene", which later becomes available in the Gallery mode. Skipping these scenes using the Start button can only be done after enabling the scene-skipping option in the menu, which is switched off by default. The western version of "Yakuza 3" features 295 minutes of cutscenes according to the BBFC.


title: Yakuza 3

text: Six sub-scenarios ("Date's Pride", "Two Fathers", "Hometown Girl", "The Finishing Touch", "Silver Screen Dragon", and "Murder at Café Alps") are special missions featuring "event scene" cinematics. Holding R1 and pressing the X button will activate an automatic mode that skips the cutscene dialogue.


title: Yakuza 3

text: In the eastern releases, the main story is complemented with 103 unique side stories called "sub-scenarios" ("substory" in the original version, "sabustori"). These sub-scenarios are divided into two classes: Mission and Hitman. There are 103 standard missions, some of which are made up of different episodes, and 20 hitman sub-scenarios. Fifteen of these bounty hunter sidestories are located in Kamurocho, the remaining five in Ryukyu.


title: Yakuza 3

text: Twenty minigames are available within Adventure mode. These are aromatherapy massage (eastern releases only), darts, pool, karaoke, bowling, mahjong (eastern releases only), chinchirorin, shogi (eastern releases only), chō-han, koi-koi, oicho-kabu, roulette, poker, blackjack, "" (eastern releases only), "", batting cage, golf, surf fishing and "Boxcelios". 2-player support for some of these mini games and an expansion for "Answer & Answer" are added through DLC, as well as main menu direct access in the eastern releases. However, the quiz minigame's expansion was eventually removed from the western release and 2-player support became a time limited DLC exclusive to the North American release's Challenge Pack. Challenges like Mack Shinozuka's training, "Inner Fighter 7" and Haruka's Request aren't considered either mini games or side stories.


title: Yakuza 3

text: Beating the game in "Hard" mode unlocks the "Ex-Hard" (extreme hard) extra difficulty level. Completing the game in any difficulty mode will create a "cleared data" save file and unlock "Premium New Game" and "Premium Adventure". The first allows to restart the game with all accumulated money, items, experience levels and fighting techniques. The latter is a free-run mode dedicated to exploration and completion as it doesn't include the main story, with only sub-scenarios remaining (though a small number of missions will only appear at a certain point in story mode, and cannot be triggered in Premium Adventure). Extra game contents are added through DLC.


title: Yakuza 3

text: As with the previous games, the is available. An illicit mixed martial arts competition sponsored by Majima is held in the area beneath Kamurocho Hills, formerly Purgatory. The arena is inspired by real life Japanese cage fighting competitions such as K-1 World Grand Prix; gameplay is similar to fighting games Toshihiro Nagoshi previously worked on such as "Virtua Fighter 5" and "SpikeOut". Single Tournament has 50 unique international fighters (a minor character with its own profile) and 11 grand prix tournaments to choose from. These 3-round competitions have various rings, rules and difficulty levels; the different types of tournament are Exhibition Tournament, Street Fight GP, Breakout GP, Heat GP, Bounding GP, Bomber GP, Golden Glove GP, Weapon Master GP, Hyper GP, Magnum Force GP and Maximum GP. Tag Tournament is a two-partner team match including 20 unique teams. Each team is made of paired Single Tournament fighters enhanced with a special duo attack. There are 2 available grand prix named Tag Match GP and Twin Dragon GP. Three Single Tournament fighters and two Encounter Battle characters will join Kazuma Kiryu's "Team Dragon" ("Team The Dragon" in the original release) as tag partners once he finds them in the Adventure Mode; these are boxer Maxim Soldatov , kenpō Bruce Ebinuma , puroresu Daiji Hiyama , Keigo Kanno and Masaki Hatae . Orders can be given to these partners using the DualShock 3's arrow keys.


title: Yakuza 3

text: Completing the story mode unlocks 35 additional Battle Missions gathered in a bonus mode called . The first competition has 10 missions and is called , the second has 5 missions and is called , the third has 10 missions and is called , and fourth competition has 5 missions and is called . Completing these four competitions unlocks a fifth competition called the which has 5 missions. Completing all 35 missions with an "S" rank, the highest rank possible, unlocks a special item delivered by Bob Utsunomiya, which is a talisman called the that, when equipped, permanently maintains the Heat Gage at maximum level.


title: Yakuza 3

text: Once story mode is completed the player can start a Premium Adventure and meet a hidden minor character (a clairvoyant woman) who allows access to four added through DLC, only available in a special edition of the game in Europe, and as a preorder bonus in North America. In Survival Battle Kazuma Kiryu must find and defeat the , Yoshitaka Mine; eight bonus bosses are disseminated within Kamurocho. In Survival Onigokko, Kazuma Kiryu is chased by Bob Utsunomiya in Kamurocho, with ten missions to complete in 3 minutes. All Star Tournament is an extra Arena single tournament that involves all 8 boss characters plus Goh Hamazaki, the latter of which can only be fought in this mode. All Star Tag Tournament is an extra tag tournament that pits Kazuma Kiryu and his fighting partner Goro Majima against 7 teams of bosses and bonus characters such as Kazuki, Yuya, Goh Hamazaki and Komaki.


title: Yakuza 3

text: The quest for the disseminated 100 coin lockers (half of them hidden in Kamurocho, the others in Ryukyu) is rewarded with the "Key Collector" Silver PSN Trophy. The latter was called (lit. "vagrant keys") and was only Bronze level in the Eastern releases. As a mixed game including elements of the sandbox game and RPG genres, "Yakuza 3" includes a "Completion" feature that sums up what percentage of the game was actually completed by the player.


title: Yakuza 3

text: Only 100% completion (Completion + Sub-Scenario) will unlock the final mission involving a recurring hidden all-black character named Jo Amon , a.k.a. "Mysterious Hitman", a returning character from the spinoff and a secret boss available since the original "Yakuza" title. In "Yakuza 3", Jo Amon's weapon is dual light sabers.


title: Yakuza 3

text: Unlike "Ryū ga Gotoku Kenzan!" (the previous game in the series, released only in Japan), which was a Miyamoto Musashi-based spinoff set in Edo-era Kyoto, this installment continues the adventures of Kazuma Kiryu from "Yakuza" and "Yakuza 2". The game takes place both in Kamurocho, a fictional version of Tokyo's red-light district Kabukicho, from the first two games, and in a brand new location called Ryukyu.


title: Yakuza 3

text: The area of Okinawa where the story takes place is a fictional area, based upon Naha's Makishi. It includes real life landmarks such as the Ichiba Hondori (linked to Mutsumibashi Dori and Heiwa Dori) covered shopping arcade renamed in the game as well as the popular shortened , the famous entertainment strip called , the Okinawa Monorail as or the Mitsukoshi department store () which kept its actual name as part of the game's tie-in policy.


title: Yakuza 3

text: Compared with the earlier episodes, the Kamurocho area has some minor changes with additional backstreets and landmarks. South-East Kabukicho's European medieval castle-shaped karaoke box has been modeled and renamed "Kamuro Castle", and north-west Kamurocho love hotel Hotel Åland has been recreated in Kamurocho hotels quarter as the Hotel Tea Clipper.


title: Yakuza 3

text: "Yakuza 3"'s main characters are Kazuma Kiryu and Haruka Sawamura, with Rikiya Shimabukuro as a supporting character who can accompany Kiryu. Additional castings total up to three hundred and sixty unique characters, appearing in both the main story and over a hundred different sub-scenarios.


title: Yakuza 3

text: Unlike previous episodes, the story is not written by Hase Seishu; instead, it was primarily penned by writer Masayoshi Yokoyama. "Yakuza 3" takes a departure from the first two games with its choice of setting: instead of focusing on the gritty cityscapes of Tokyo and Osaka, it switches gears and sends Kazuma Kiryu to the rural Ryukyu Islands of Okinawa, where he runs the Morning Glory Orphanage ("Sunshine Orphanage" in the English PS3 version) with his adoptive daughter Haruka Sawamura (who calls him "Uncle Kaz").


title: Yakuza 3

text: In February 2007, after ending the war with the Omi Alliance, Kiryu and Haruka visit the cemetery where his adopted father, Shintaro Kazama, rests. They are joined by Kaoru Sayama, who leaves for the United States. Kiryu accepts custody of an orphanage in Okinawa, hoping to raise orphans like Kazama raised him. Before leaving, he enlists his rival, Goro Majima, to assist Daigo Dojima, Kiryu's successor, in his duties as clan chairman. Majima agrees, after Kiryu defeats him.


title: Yakuza 3

text: Six months later, Kiryu has settled into the orphanage, and is dealing with eviction notices from the Ryudo Family, who own the land it's built on. He confronts two members of the clan,including the boss's right-hand man, Rikiya Shimabukuro, and meets the clan's patriarch, Shigeru Nakahara. Nakahara informs Kiryu that the land is wanted for a seaside resort. Kiryu refuses to close the orphanage, despite Nakahara's threats.


title: Yakuza 3

text: The following week, Rikiya asks Kiryu for help in finding Nakahara's daughter, Saki. Kiryu and Rikiya learn that Saki's mother is working with Tetsuo Tamashiro, the patriarch of a rival family, who plans to use Saki as leverage to seize Nakahara's territory. Kiryu defeats Tamashiro and banishes his gang, and Saki returns to Nakahara when her mother rejects her. Nakahara pledges an oath to Kiryu in return. Daigo reveals that Tamashiro was recruited to secure the land in a scheme tied to Defense Minister Ryuzo Tamiya's "Military Base Expansion Bill". Daigo refuses to involve the Tojo Clan with the resort.


title: Yakuza 3

text: In March 2009, Daigo and Nakahara are shot in separate incidents, leaving Daigo comatose, and the deed to the orphanage is stolen. Kiryu travels to Kamurocho, and meets Osamu Kashiwagi, Kazama's successor, who is assassinated by a gunship. Fleeing, Kiryu is rescued by his old friend, Makoto Date, who informs him on three suspects for Kashiwagi's death: Yoshitaka Mine, chairman of the Hakuho Clan, Goh Hamazaki, a patriarch with ties to the Yokohama triads, and Tsuyoshi Kanda, who controls Akira Nishikiyama's former gang.


title: Yakuza 3

text: Kiryu and Rikiya interrogate Kanda, and learn he is uninvolved. Date informs Kiryu that Majima has been contracted to build the resort. After a rematch, Majima explains that Hamazaki got him the contract. Majima's associate, the Florist of Sai, informs Kiryu that his old enemy, Lau Ka Long, is an ally of Hamazaki's. Long has Rikiya kidnapped and forces Kiryu to fight him. Rikiya is saved by Nakahara's attacker, who kills Long. Kiryu later meets Mine, who presents him with Kanda's severed head and reveals that Hamazaki has disappeared, and his men have been killed, presumably by the triads.


title: Yakuza 3

text: Tamiya meets Kiryu, and reveals that the Military Base Expansion Bill is part of a CIA operation to eliminate an arms smuggling group known as "Black Monday", and Nakahara's attacker is senior CIA operative Joji Kazama. Tamiya agrees to stop the resort if Kiryu protects his former secretary from a planned hit by Joji. Kiryu intercepts Joji and defeats him. Returning home, Kiryu finds the orphanage in ruins; Mine had promised Tamashiro a share of the resort for securing the remaining land. Nakahara is trampled by bulls in Tamashiro's bullring hideout. Kiryu defeats Tamashiro, who then fires at him; Rikiya defends Kiryu and is fatally wounded. Joji kills Tamashiro, while the dying Rikiya asks Kiryu to stop Mine.


title: Yakuza 3

text: Joji has a jet fly Kiryu to Tokyo. Kiryu defeats the Hakuho Clan at the hospital where Daigo is being treated, then defeats a rogue CIA team led by Joji's colleague, Andre Richardson. He locates Mine and Daigo on the hospital roof. Mine reveals that he idolizes Daigo, intending to euthanize him, and take over the Tojo Clan. Kiryu defeats him. Richardson arrives with his team, and reveals himself to be the leader of Black Monday. Before he can kill Mine and Kiryu, Daigo wakes up and kills Richardson's agents. Richardson attempts to kill Daigo and Kiryu, and Mine, inspired by Kiryu, sacrifices himself to save them by tackling Richardson off the roof to their deaths. Joji and Haruka arrive with a rescue chopper.


title: Yakuza 3

text: Kiryu bids farewell to his friends Kazuki and Yuya as he and Haruka meet before going home. Kiryu is confronted by Hamazaki, who blames him for his misfortune and stabs Kiryu before Kazuki and Yuya subdue him. Badly wounded, Kiryu seemingly gives his dying words to Haruka.


title: Yakuza 3

text: The game's default video output is 720p HD graphics rendering at a resolution of 1024x768 without anti-aliasing but it supports 1080p mode upscale.


title: Yakuza 3

text: Daisuke Tomoda, CS1 Team (Sega CS R&D) visual artist and character design team leader of the "Yakuza" series since the original episode, partially unveiled "Yakuza 3"`s development at the 2009 Game Tools & Middleware Forum seminar held in Tokyo on June 15. "Yakuza 3" character designing began shortly after the completion of "Ryū ga Gotoku Kenzan!" in 2008 with a three-week project phase followed by an eight months production. In the end 110 high polygon characters, for they appear in Event Scene cinematics, plus 250 minor characters were created by 60 teams producing a dozen characters each. Thus 360 characters were produced following a "one person one body" philosophy and a three-day-per-body target schedule. As a comparison, the production of "Yakuza" on PlayStation 2 took 10 months and had no more volume. The series' production pace is one game per year since the original "Yakuza" in 2005. CS1 used a slogan to describe the game's graphics: .


title: Yakuza 3

text: As with the previous PlayStation 3 "Ryū ga Gotoku" game, main characters have their face scanned through Cyberware's head & face color 3D scanner (model PS). As detailed at the GTMF 2009, Event Scene cinematics are real-time and render highly detailed XSI 6.5 2.5MB data size characters using 18,000~20,000 polygons each; 3D model bones are made of 107 meshes with 64 used for the body and the remaining 43 used for the face. In addition, the PlayStation 3 employs advanced graphics technologies without LOD, texture size 512×512 front buffer with 512×512 back buffer, diffuse map and normal map, multi map (ambient occlusion, specular mask, 8-bit specular power RGB) within cutscene. These Event Scene cinematics fully exploit Sega's in-house facial expressions engine called Magical V-Engine. This engine is based on a unique "wrinkle shader" technology that allows for advanced facial animation from voice recordings alone. By animating based upon not only the phonetic lip syncing but tone, the software can emulate the basic human emotions in full facial expression.


title: Yakuza 3

text: "Yakuza 3" outputs uncompressed or compressed audio, respectively Linear PCM 2ch/5.1ch (stereo or surround) and Dolby Digital 5.1 surround.


title: Yakuza 3

text: The game's main characters have their face modeled in 3D after their voice actors, who are Japanese celebrities. Softimage XSI 3D data is obtained by scanning a human head with Cyberware Inc.'s latest scanner. These include returning voice actors Takaya Kuroda (as Kazuma Kiryu), Rie Kugimiya (as Haruka Sawamura), Hidenari Ugaki as (Goro Majima), and TV actor Satoshi Tokushige (as Daigo Dojima).


title: Yakuza 3

text: New faces are film actors Tatsuya Fujiwara (as Rikiya Shimabukuro) known overseas for his Shuya Nanahara role in Kinji Fukasaku's "Battle Royale" and "", Nakamura Shidō II (as Yoshitaka Mine) who featured in Ronny Yu's "Jet Li is Fearless" and Clint Eastwood's "Letters from Iwo Jima", actor Tetsuya Watari (as Joji Kazama) famous for his yakuza roles in Seijun Suzuki's "Tokyo Drifter", Kinji Fukasaku's "Graveyard of Honor" and Takeshi Kitano's "Brother", singers and "tarento" Shigeru Izumiya (as Shigeru Nakahara) and George Takahashi (as Goh Hamazaki), voice actor Akio Ōtsuka (as Ryuzo Tamiya), "tarento" Daisuke Miyakawa (as Mikio Aragaki) and Hiroyuki Miyasako (as Tsuyoshi Kanda).


title: Yakuza 3

text: The "Ryū ga Gotoku 3 Original Soundtrack" (HCV-452) was published by Wave Master in Japan on February 26, 2009. It was bundled as a bonus enhanced CD in the "Yakuza 3" PAL version's standard deluxe edition called the Battle Pack. The music was composed by Hidenori Shoji, Kentaro Koyama, Takahiro Kai, Hiroyoshi Kato, Yoshio Tsuru and Hideki Sakamoto, and includes a track by Love Sound System (DJ Giuliano, Ayako, Yoshiji Kobayashi). Performers are Minako Obata (a.k.a. Mooki), Chihiro Aoki (chorus) and Mitsuharu Fukuyama (trumpet). Two karaoke minigame songs are also included, performed by voice actors Takaya Kuroda (Kazuma Kiryu) and Rie Kugimiya (Haruka Sawamura).


title: Yakuza 3

text: Additional soundtrack includes three songs by Japanese rock music artist Eikichi Yazawa (exclusive to the Japanese version, as the western releases removes them and replaces them with original pieces due to licensing issues).


title: Yakuza 3

text: Eight packages of downloadable content (DLC) were delivered through a weekly game update campaign starting on March 5, 2009, with one DLC per week. These downloadable contents consist of:


title: Yakuza 3

text: Four lots of DLC were delivered on release day with the PAL version's Battle Pack (also known as the Premium Pack). These free downloadable contents are:


title: Yakuza 3

text: All this DLC is also in the Japanese version. Regarding the western release of the DLC, a Sega America spokesperson officially stated on February 24, 2010: "[T]he western versions of the game will come pre-packaged with codes for the DLC, already localized and ready to be enjoyed".


title: Yakuza 3

text: Two exclusive extra DLC codes were sent only to North American customers who pre-ordered "Yakuza 3" in their local GameStop stores. These additional downloadable contents were:


title: Yakuza 3

text: This pre-order only extra DLC are also available for the Japanese version, for which they were delivered for free through an eight-week downloadable content campaign. This DLC can be downloaded on the PlayStation Network. This was also released with pre-order in the UK.


title: Yakuza 3

text: Producer Toshihiro Nagoshi made twenty-seven tie-in with local companies to produce 3D model reproductions of existing shop, restaurant or hostess bar buildings. Such replicas include real exterior, interior, products, menus and sometimes jingles.


title: Yakuza 3

text: Kabukicho's tie-in are Club Sega game centers, Don Quijote discount stores, restaurants, cafés (a Suntory joint venture) and Karaoke Kan. Collaboration with Sole tanning studio, , Aeon and Geos is limited to visible ads within Kamurocho.


title: Yakuza 3

text: Okinawa's tie-ins are parlor, Quickly bubble tea stand, Sam's Maui steak house, Stone Market accessory shop, Okinawaya , Okinawarigura liquor store and Velotaxi Japan. Limited collaborations include the exterior design of Naha's , Okinawa's Mitsukoshi and department stores (which cannot be entered). Orion draft beer, Tantakatan "shōchū", Higashuzou "awamori" and Skymark Airlines have ads visible within the Downtown Ryukyu area.


title: Yakuza 3

text: Sega extended its product placement policy which was introduced in the original episode. Now real products can be bought within discount and convenience stores including Axe fragrance, various instant noodles, several Suntory beers or soft drinks (such as Boss Coffee and C.C. Lemon), Pepsi soda (a Suntory licensee), Kodansha magazines (including "Young Magazine", "Weekly Morning" and "Vivi"). This also applies to bars and pubs, since the Suntory group produces alcohol and owns many licenses for foreign alcoholic beverages like Early Times whiskey, Beefeater Gin, Courvoisier cognac and Carlsberg Beer. Suntory vending machines are still disseminated within Kamurocho as in the previous games.


title: Yakuza 3

text: Some sub-scenarios even revolve around product placement with minor characters specially created to advertise products, for example, the side story involving Ace Cook noodles and the fictitious ramen shop or "Young Magazine" and the generic convenience store Poppo. Some items on the food and drink menu, required for 100% completion, cannot be purchased without first being in possession of a copy of Tokyo Isshukan.


title: Yakuza 3

text: As part of the pre-ordering campaign, the Japanese and Asian first prints were bundled with a limited item, a monography called "Kamutai Magazine" (February 2009 issue).


title: Yakuza 3

text: Sony celebrated the Japanese release of the game with a 10,000 console limited edition of the Ceramic White 80GB model PlayStation 3 called the .


title: Yakuza 3

text: The eastern versions include an exclusive extra Adventure Mode item. If the game detects an existing save file of "Ryū ga Gotoku Kenzan!" stored on the PlayStation 3 hard disk drive, a reward item will be unlocked in "Ryū ga Gotoku 3" upon beginning a new game. This is a red copper bell called used by Miyamoto Musashi (a.k.a. Kazumanosuke Kiryu) in the spin-off, which grants 3 points in the defense, edge and firearm stats when equipped. The bell was carried on to Yakuza 4, and retains its appearance, but is renamed Gion's Bell, and instead of protecting the wearer, it rewards money for every step taken.


title: Yakuza 3

text: The western version features the Japanese voice cast (with localized subtitles) and includes a previously unreleased 18-minute video interview of Tamiya according to the BBFC.


title: Yakuza 3

text: Other bonus contents include a free compact disc with the game's original soundtrack and an animated character guide. Western packages also come with PlayStation Network redeem codes to unlock DLC; these western bundles are called Challenge Pack (time limited) and Battle Pack (regular).


title: Yakuza 3

text: Although the game was not censored for the western release, much extra content was removed due to time constraints. According to a Sega representative: "The content between Yakuza 3 US/UK and Yakuza JP is a little different in that we took out certain bits in order to bring the game to the west in the time for us to do so. The parts we ended up taking out were parts that we felt wouldn't make sense (like a Japanese history quiz game) or wouldn't resonate as much (such as the concept of a hostess club). We didn't replace the parts we took out, but we made absolutely sure that the story continuity stayed intact so that the story experience was the same as the Japanese version and that it didn't take away the human drama so inherent to the Yakuza series."


title: Yakuza 3

text: The western localization of "Yakuza 3" was officially unveiled by Sony and Sega in late December 2009. The same month, Sega Australia managing director Darren Macbeth declared in an interview with GameSpot: "The publisher needs to be comfortable enough that there is a strong market in the West before giving the go-ahead to local Japanese releases like the "Yakuza" series. In a lot of cases we have a very strong vocal group of fans, who demand the opportunity to play these games in their local markets, and are very outspoken in their support. However, when the time comes, they are reluctant to stay committed and actually make the purchase."


title: Yakuza 3

text: On February 24, 2010, a Sega America Blog community manager officially declared:"We wanted to confirm that there is some content in the Japanese version of "Yakuza 3" that didn't make it over to upcoming Western version, mostly involving the Hostess Clubs and the Japanese History trivia sections. [...] The choice that had to be made was either no "Yakuza 3" in the west, or a version of the game that was almost exactly the same, but with a little less trivia."


title: Yakuza 3

text: This statement was an answer to IGN journalist Greg Miller's unofficial insight report of February 23 claiming: "Even though the hostess clubs are out, you can still go on dates with the girls.[...] The strip clubs are still in "Yakuza 3"."


title: Yakuza 3

text: The referred strip clubs are "Show Pub Asia: Kamurocho Asia Beauty Show Dance and Pole" and Ryukyu's "Canal Grande: Cabaret Club", both are linked to main and side stories in the original Japanese release and therefore were not removed as confirmed by a new game trailer. A video showing the game's locations and was officially released by Sega on February 25. A Sega PR further commented to Kotaku blog on February 24, 2010:"We had a tight schedule to abide by for localizing and releasing "Yakuza 3" in the west. Due to the limited time we were given we had to leave certain bits of the game out and we chose portions we felt didn't resonate with western culture i.e. a Japanese history quiz show and the concept of hostess clubs. [...] Given the options of releasing the next chapter of a beloved game so that our fans can experience the story of "Yakuza" vs. not releasing it at all, we felt it was worth it to release it with 99% of the content intact. We made sure that the story in no way, shape or form changed from the lack of the quiz show or hostess clubs. You can still go into Cabarets and on dates with the ladies in the game."


title: Yakuza 3

text: Sega gave no further details about what was cut, but comparing the eastern and western releases PSN Trophy lists revealed that five trophies (out of 50) had been removed, two sub-scenario missions (out of 103) were cut as well half-aspect of romancing the club hostesses (out of 10 completion challenges) and four minigames (out of 20). The remaining 45 trophies are the same as in the original Japanese 2009 release, except two Bronze trophies, named "Legendary Champion" and "Key Collector", were upranked as Silver trophies. Removal of a first trophy called hinted that the sidestory called was cut. This mission consists of scouting a young female NPC in the Downtown Ryukyu (Shoko, Hiromi, Shō and Kirie) or Kamurocho (Ritsuko) areas, and to make her the top hostess at cabaret club South Island, by customizing her physical aspects (with variable parameters such as make-up, haircut, outfit and "à la mode" accessories). A similar club management mission was introduced in "Yakuza 2", in which the club, rather than the girls, is customized. Club or "cabaret" hostesses are a common phenomenon in Japan and have dedicated fashion magazines; such as "Koakuma Ageha" which is a tie-in with the game. This mission reappeared in "Ryū ga Gotoku 4".


title: Yakuza 3

text: Removal of a second trophy, , hinted that the ten-episode hostess clubs completion challenge had been partially cut, since the trophy is unlocked by spending a large amount of money in Club Ageha, Club Koakuma and Flawless. In this multipart completion, which is a romancing challenge, Kazuma Kiryu orders food and drink while conversing with the ten hostesses. All characters are modeled after a real Japanese hostesses cast and this gameplay element was introduced in the original "Yakuza" episode. The possibility of romancing club hostess characters outside clubs in the western releases of "Yakuza 3", as officially announced by the Sega representatives, was eventually confirmed by the presence of Mika Tsuchiya of Flawless playing the pool minigame on the game's back cover. This possibility is inherited from the Japanese version since the romancing completion challenge actually includes both hostess club dialogues (ordering meals and offering presents) and dating activities such as dual sessions of pool, darts, bowling and karaoke. If the former text part was cut, the latter dating part, which requires a minor translation work, definitely remain in the western releases. While the hostesses remained, the trophy was still removed since it was impossible to spend money on them within the club setting.


title: Yakuza 3

text: The third trophy to be removed was which requires the player to take the Love In Heart massage parlor's two courses. This erotic minigame was cut along with its connected sidestory, where the masseuse, Ayaka Tsubaki, comes out to Kiryu as trans. This minor character is modeled after her voice actor, Ayana Tsubaki, who is a Japanese TV personality and trans herself.


title: Yakuza 3

text: The fourth and fifth cut trophies, and respectively were the first sign that both shogi and mahjong minigames had been removed from the western releases. These are based on traditional board games that are fairly popular in Japan, yet uncommon overseas.


title: Yakuza 3

text: Another confirmed cut was Kamurocho Club Sega's "", a Japanese history quiz minigame based on the real Sega arcade game, which is only available in Japanese game centers. The last cut was an Adventure Mode unlockable bonus item, Ukiyo's Bell, which is awarded to players of the eastern-only PlayStation 3 spinoff "Ryū ga Gotoku Kenzan!" and, as such, would be both impractical and impossible for the majority of players.


title: Yakuza 3

text: According to a community manager's official announcement on the Sega America blog: "Yakuza fans who pre-order the game at their local GameStop will receive additional content via the Challenge Pack. This will allow them to enjoy 2 player mini games, competing against their friends at Pool, Bowling, Darts and Golf. They will also be able to customize their principal characters with four alternative costumes for Kazuma, Haruka and Rikiya."


title: Yakuza 3

text: The PAL version was released as a standard deluxe edition called Battle Pack (or Premium Pack). The package's sticker lists the following free contents: "Bonus enhanced CD soundtrack with a guide to Who's Who in the world of Yakuza + 4 pieces of unlockable content."


title: Yakuza 3

text: As an ECD, this CD contains both audio and interactive features. The audio part is the full OST featuring the 31 tracks licensed by JASRAC; it was previously sold by Sega's audio branch in the Japanese market and is now offered to western customers. The data part cointains a fully animated characters guide called Yakuza Who's Who; like the OST these profiles are exclusive to the western releases.


title: Yakuza 3

text: North American video distributor Tokyo Shock (Media Blasters) set the release date and cover art of its licensed DVD version for "Like a Dragon" in order to match the local marketing for "Yakuza 3". The English subtitled version for Takashi Miike's 2007 live-action film adaptation of the first "Yakuza" game was originally planned for a March 2010 release date; the release schedule was eventually changed to February 23, 2010.


title: Yakuza 3

text: A free demo version was released on the Japanese PlayStation Store on February 19, 2009. The same demo was released on the European PlayStation Store on February 18, 2010.


title: Yakuza 3

text: Due to their commercial success all Asian versions had bargain re-releases, a PlayStation 3 the Best edition in Asia on November 30, 2009, then in Japan on December 3, 2009 and a PlayStation 3 BigHit Series edition on December 11, 2009, in Korea.


title: Yakuza 3

text: The Japanese industry gave it the "Award for excellence" in the Japan Game Awards 2009's "Games of the Year Division" for its "Dramatic story development, freedom of the story, the graphics elaborated up to the details of the work, and the amusement found in every portion of the game including the vast number of sub-stories and mini games. This work was awarded the prize for providing a high quality of entertainment." "Yakuza 3" also earned SCEJ's PlayStation Award 2009 Gold prize for achieving more than 500,000 sales in the Japanese market. Other Gold Prizes awarded that year included "Resident Evil 5" (PS3) and "Dissidia Final Fantasy" (PSP). It was also well received in the west, with the UK's Official PlayStation Magazine awarding it 9/10; however, it was criticized for the removal of content during localization, which included several sub-stories.


title: Yakuza 3

text: "Yakuza 3" is ranked as the second best selling 2009 PlayStation 3 game in Japan, following Square-Enix's "Final Fantasy XIII", but outselling Capcom's "Resident Evil 5", and is part of 2009's best-selling titles in this market with 499,436 copies sold as of December 7, 2009 according to Weekly Famitsu. By March 27, 2010, Yakuza 3 had sold more than 683,905 copies.


title: Yakuza 3

text: "Yakuza 4" was released in Japan in March 2010, and was released in North America and Europe at the first quarter of 2011. A spin-off game, "Ryū ga Gotoku Of the End", was originally scheduled for release in Japan in March 2011, however due to the earthquake the game was delayed until June 2011.


title: Cucurbita pepo

text: Cucurbita pepo is a cultivated plant of the genus "Cucurbita". It yields varieties of winter squash and pumpkin, but the most widespread varieties belong to the subspecies "Cucurbita pepo" subsp. "pepo", called summer squash.


title: Cucurbita pepo

text: It has been domesticated in the Americas for thousands of years. Some authors maintain that "C. pepo" is derived from "C. texana", while others suggest that "C. texana" is merely feral "C. pepo". They have a wide variety of uses, especially as a food source and for medical conditions. "C. pepo" seems more closely related to "C. fraterna", though disagreements exist about the exact nature of that connection, too.


title: Cucurbita pepo

text: It is a host species for the melonworm moth, the squash vine borer, and the pickleworm. They are also the preferred pollen for squash bees.


title: Cucurbita pepo

text: "C. pepo" is one of the oldest, if not the oldest domesticated species. The oldest known locations are in southern Mexico in Oaxaca 8,000–10,000 years ago and Ocampo, Tamaulipas, Mexico about 7,000 years ago.


title: Cucurbita pepo

text: Before the arrival of Europeans "C. pepo", along with "C. moschata", had been carried over all parts of North America where they could be grown. The ancient territory of "C. pepo" extended north into Texas and up the Greater Mississippi River Valley into Illinois and east to Florida, and possibly even to Maine. It is one of several plants cultivated in prehistoric North America as part of the Eastern Agricultural Complex. It is known to have appeared in Missouri at least 4,000 years ago. Some varieties grow in arid regions and some in moist regions. Many of these peoples, particularly in the west, still grow a diversity of hardy squashes and pumpkins not to be found in commercial markets. Still, neither "C. pepo" nor "C. moschata" had been carried into South America as had beans, which originated in the same general region.


title: Cucurbita pepo

text: Debates about the origin of "C. pepo" have been going on since at least 1857. Recent biosystematic investigations indicate two distinct domestication events in two different areas: one in Mexico and one in the eastern United States, with "Cucurbita pepo subsp. fraterna" and "Cucurbita pepo subsp. texana", respectively, as the predominant ancestral species from a phylogenetic perspective.


title: Cucurbita pepo

text: The morphological differences within the species "C. pepo" are so vast that its various subspecies and cultivars have been misidentified as totally separate species. These vast differences are rooted in its widespread geographic distribution.


title: Cucurbita pepo

text: Several taxa have been proposed, but as of 2012 none has been universally accepted. In 2002, the taxa conventions proposed by Decker-Walters were:


title: Cucurbita pepo

text: In 1986, botanist Paris proposed a taxonomy of "C. pepo" consisting of eight edible groups based on their basic shape. All but a few "C. pepo" cultivars can be included in these groups. These eight edible cultivated varieties of "C. pepo" vary widely in shape and color, and one inedible cultivated variety:


title: Cucurbita pepo

text: Due to their varied genetic background, members of "C. pepo" vary widely in appearance, primarily in regards to their fruits. The plants are typically 1.0–2.5 feet high, 2–3 feet wide, and have yellow flowers. Within "C. pepo", the pumpkins, scallops, and possibly crooknecks are ancient and were domesticated separately. The domesticated species have larger fruits and larger yet fewer seeds. Parthenocarpy is known to occur in certain cultivars of "C. pepo".


title: Cucurbita pepo

text: It is found from sea level to slightly above . Leaves have three to five lobes and are 20–35 cm wide. All the subspecies, varieties, and cultivars are conspecific and interfertile. Random amplified polymorphic DNA has proven useful in sorting out the relationships of the "C. pepo" species, varieties, and cultivars, showing that few, if any, modern cultivars have their origins with "C. texana." They are associated with "C. fraterna" or a still unknown ancestral specimen in southern Mexico.


title: Cucurbita pepo

text: It has been proposed that the domesticated forms of "Cucurbita pepo" are a compilospecies of "C. pepo subsp. fraterna" and "C. pepo subsp. texana". A 1989 study on the origins and development of "C. pepo" suggested that the original wild specimen was a small round fruit and that the modern pumpkin is its direct descendant. This investigation proposed that the crookneck, ornamental gourd, and scallop are early variants, and that the acorn is a cross between the scallop and pumpkin.


title: Cucurbita pepo

text: Based on genetic allele analysis, two distinct groups occur within domesticated "Cucurbita pepo": pumpkin, calabaza, criolla, and marrow squash are in one; and ornamental gourds, crookneck, acorn, scallop, and a few others in the second one. "C. pepo subsp. fraterna" is genetically closer to the first group and "C. pepo subsp. texana" is genetically closer to the second group.


title: Cucurbita pepo

text: This subspecies was formerly considered a separate species "Cucurbita fraterna" by some authorities but modern biosystematics has placed it as a subspecies of "Cucurbita pepo". The isozymes are similar between "Cucurbita pepo subsp. pepo", and all studied "C. fraterna" alleles are also found in "C. pepo subsp. pepo". It is native to Tamaulipas and Nuevo León, Mexico. This subspecies has not been domesticated. It is considered to be the progenitor and nearest relative of the domesticated subspecies "C. pepo subsp. pepo" which is found in the same areas as "C. pepo subsp. fraterna". It was first formally described by Liberty Hyde Bailey in 1943, in "Gentes Herbarum".


title: Cucurbita pepo

text: Unlike most wild "Cucurbita", some specimens of "C. fraterna" have been found without bitter fruit. Its usual habitat is dry upland scrub areas. It blooms in September and fruits ripen in December.


title: Cucurbita pepo

text: This subspecies was formerly considered a separate species "Cucurbita texana" by some authorities before being reclassified as a subspecies of "Cucurbita pepo". A common name is Texas gourd. This subspecies is mesophytic and native to Texas, primarily the southeastern region where it can be found in or near sandy riverbeds. It is found only in the wild. It is possibly a progenitor and close relative of the domesticated subspecies "Cucurbita pepo subsp. ovifera", though they are native to different areas. The "fraterna" subspecies is also closely related. It was first collected 1835 by J. L. Berlandier in southern Texas. It was formally described as "Tristemon texanus" by George Heinrich Adolf Scheele in 1848 and transferred to the genus "Cucurbita" by Asa Gray in 1850.


title: Cucurbita pepo

text: It is an ingredient in ""schumaakwe" cakes" and is used externally for rheumatism and swelling. A poultice of seeds and blossoms is applied to cactus scratches. Fresh squash is cut into spiral strips, folded into hanks and hung up to dry for winter use. The blossoms are cooked in grease and used as a delicacy in combination with other foods. Fresh squash, either whole or in pieces, is roasted in ashes and used for food. The gourds can be made into cups, ladles, and dippers and put to various uses. The gourds are also worn in phallic dances symbolizing fructification or made into ceremonial rattles. Gourds are also made into receptacles for storing precious articles.


title: Room 104

text: Room 104 is an American television anthology series created by Mark Duplass and Jay Duplass. The series debuted on July 28, 2017, on HBO. A twelve-episode second season aired between November 9 and December 15, 2018. On February 8, 2019, HBO revealed that a third season had been filmed and that the network were in talks for a fourth season renewal. The show's twelve-episode third season premiered on September 13, 2019. Filming for season 4 was completed by September 2019. In May 2020, HBO announced that the fourth season would be its last and it premiered on July 24, 2020, and concluded on October 9, 2020.


title: Room 104

text: The series is set in a single room of an American roadside motel, exploring characters who pass through it in each episode. Each episode is a different genre from horror and thriller to comedy.


title: Room 104

text: The series received a 24-episode order and all the episodes were shot back-to-back as a cost-saving measure, and they were split into two 12-episode seasons. In a December 2018 interview, co-creator Mark Duplass revealed that the third season had already been filmed and edited, and he was writing season 4. According to Duplass, episodes of "Room 104" are made for "a quarter" of the cost typically expected for HBO series. Episodes are conceived in a "think tank" by the writers where they come up with dozens of ideas, and then they reach out to filmmakers that they are interested in to direct the episodes. Episodes are filmed in a "fast and loose" manner; for example, Josephine Decker directed her episode in two days only using an iPhone. For the editing process, directors do not receive final cut, and Duplass screens the episodes to a group of 20 people who work at their company for feedback.


title: Room 104

text: "Room 104" has received generally positive reviews from critics. On Metacritic, the first season has a score of 65 out of 100 based on 22 reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has an 87% approval rating with an average score of 6.85 out of 10 based on 39 reviews. The site's critical consensus reads, ""Room 104" uses its anthology structure to its advantage, telling a series of short, eclectic stories that hit their marks more often than they miss."


title: Room 104

text: Reviewing the entire second season, Ben Travers of IndieWire gave it a positive review with a "B+" grade. He wrote, "the variety of storytelling on display builds such tingly anticipation, each new episode is worth it even when the narrative disappoints" and that it is "such remarkable, refreshing television that even when it's bad, it's good".


title: Himanshi Khurana

text: Himanshi Khurana (born 27 November 1991) is an Indian model, actress and singer who works in Punjabi films. She appeared in the Punjabi movie "Sadda Haq". In 2019, she participated in the reality show "Bigg Boss 13" as a contestant.


title: Himanshi Khurana

text: Khurana was born on 27 November 1991 and hails from Kiratpur Sahib, Punjab. She considers her mother, Suneet Kaur, as a strong motivation in her life.


title: Himanshi Khurana

text: Khurana started her modelling career at the age of 16 when she became Miss Ludhiana. She was one of the finalists in Miss PTC Punjabi 2010. In the same year she won Miss North Zone contest organised in Chandigarh.


title: Himanshi Khurana

text: She made her debut in the Punjabi Music industry with the song "Jodi - Big Day Party" (Panjabi MC & Kuldeep Manak) in 2010. Later, in 2012, she starred in the music videos for (Fasli Bateray) by (Feroz Khan) and Izhaar (Harjot). In 2013, Khurana was seen in Soch (Hardy Sandhu) and the hit movie Sadda Haq. The year 2015 proved to be a very successful year for Khurana as she worked with many singers, including Jassi Gill, Badshah, J Star, Ninja, Mankirt Aulakh and others. In March 2016 she starred alongside Sukh-E (Muzical Doctorz) in Sad Song. In 2018, Khurana made her debut as a singer with song High Standard.


title: Himanshi Khurana

text: Khurana made her debut in Punjabi cinema as an actor with the Punjabi movie Sadda Haq which helped her to gain fame. Although her first Bollywood film was Jeet Lengey Jahaan (2012). She then appeared as a lead role in Punjabi movie Leather Life (featuring Aman Dhaliwal as male lead). 2015 Punjabi language film "2 Bol" also features Khurana as a lead actress. She also acted in six south Indian Movies - 2 Kannada, 2 Tamil, 1 Telugu, 1 Malayalam.


title: Himanshi Khurana

text: In November 2019, Khurana participated as a celebrity contestant in the thirteenth season of the Indian version of the reality TV show "Big Brother", "Bigg Boss".


title: Himanshi Khurana

text: In November 2019, Khurana confirmed on "Bigg Boss 13" that she is in a committed relationship with her boyfriend of nine years named Chow. In January 2020, she confirmed on Twitter that her relationship had ended with her fiancé. She is dating her Bigg Boss co-contestant Asim Riaz since January 2020.


title: Himanshi Khurana

text: Himanshi Khurana was ranked in the Chandigarh Times Most Desirable Woman at No. 2 in 2016 as well as 2017, at No. 14 in 2018, at No. 9 in 2019 as well as 2020.


title: Mica Burton

text: Michaela Jean Burton (born July 8, 1994) is an American actress, cosplayer and host. She is known for her contributions in the gaming space, having hosted for Achievement Hunter, The Know, the Overwatch League and voicing a character in "100ft Robot Golf".


title: Mica Burton

text: Burton has been referred to as a "nerd renaissance woman" by "The New York Times" and has been noted as one of only a few professional black cosplayers by "Essence".


title: Mica Burton

text: In 2015, Burton portrayed the role of Jules in the film "Lazer Team" (2015). She also briefly appeared in "The Eleven Little Roosters" (2017).


title: Mica Burton

text: She voiced Vahni in "100ft Robot Golf" (2016). Burton is known for her roles in actual play RPG web shows such as Wizards of the Coast's "Destiny & Doom" (2017) and "Nights of Eveningstar" (2020). Burton also guest starred in "Critical Role"'s second campaign and in "L.A. by Night".


title: Mica Burton

text: Burton began cosplaying in high school after attending a convention with a friend. She was commissioned by Riot Games to create "League of Legends" cosplay in 2019. She has also received praise for cosplays of characters from "The Legend of Zelda".


title: Mica Burton

text: Burton, who had been a fan of the company since she was a child, joined Rooster Teeth in 2016 after meeting the founders and other employees. She began as a host in the gaming division Achievement Hunter, but later moved to the entertainment news division The Know. She left Rooster Teeth in 2018, stating in 2020 that this was due to racial issues at the company.


title: Mica Burton

text: In 2019, Burton joined the Overwatch League as a “League Insider”, conducting interviews with the players. She left in 2020.


title: Mica Burton

text: Burton has hosted multiple "Dungeons & Dragons" events for Wizards of the Coast such as "D&D Live 2019": "The Descent" and "D&D Live 2021". Burton began cohosting the web series "Critter Hug" in 2020 for Critical Role Productions.


title: Mica Burton

text: She was a speaker at Ubisoft’s monthly Black Game Pros event in 2020. She hosted a cosplay competition at Glitchcon 2020. Burton was a cohost for a Star Trek anniversary stream in 2020 and multiple Star Trek streams on Paramount+ in 2021


title: Huntington, New York

text: The Town of Huntington is one of ten towns in Suffolk County, New York. Founded in 1653, it is located on the north shore of Long Island in northwestern Suffolk County, with Long Island Sound to its north and Nassau County adjacent to the west. Huntington is part of the New York metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 204,127.


title: Huntington, New York

text: Huntington is the only township in the United States to ban self-service gas stations at the township level and among the few places in the U.S. where full-service gas stations are compulsory and no self-service is allowed; the entire state of New Jersey and the western-Mid Valley portion of Oregon are the only other places in the country with similar laws.


title: Huntington, New York

text: In 1653, three men from Oyster Bay, Richard Holbrook, Robert Williams and Daniel Whitehead, purchased a parcel of land from the Matinecock tribe. This parcel has since come to be known as the "First Purchase" and included land bordered by Cold Spring Harbor on the west, Northport Harbor on the east, what is now known as Old Country Road to the south and Long Island Sound to the north. The three men immediately turned the land over to the settlers who had already been living there.


title: Huntington, New York

text: The origin of the name is unknown but the consensus among historians is it was named for the birthplace of Oliver Cromwell who was Lord Protector of England at the time of the town's establishment.


title: Huntington, New York

text: From that initial settlement, Huntington grew over subsequent years to include all of the land presently comprising the modern Towns of Huntington and Babylon. The southern part of the town was formally separated to create Babylon in 1872.


title: Huntington, New York

text: Because Huntington was populated largely by English settlers, unlike the rest of the New Amsterdam colony, the town voted in 1660 to become part of the Connecticut colony rather than remain under the authority of New Amsterdam. It was not until the British gained control of New Amsterdam in 1664 (renaming it New York) that Huntington was formally restored to the jurisdiction of New York.


title: Huntington, New York

text: Following the Battle of Long Island during the American Revolutionary War, British troops used Huntington as their headquarters, and remained encamped there until the end of the war.


title: Huntington, New York

text: The arrival of the Long Island Rail Road in 1867 transformed the economy of Huntington from primarily agriculture and shipping (based on its well protected harbor) to tourism and commuting. Cold Spring Harbor became a popular summer resort.


title: Huntington, New York

text: The end of World War II brought about an explosive growth of population in Huntington, as in the rest of the region. Farms and resorts gave way to homes, and Huntington has transformed into a major bedroom community for nearby New York City.


title: Huntington, New York

text: As of the census of 2000, there were 195,289 people, 65,917 households, and 52,338 families residing in the town. The population density was 2,078.4 people per square mile (802.5/km). There were 67,708 housing units at an average density of 720.6 per square mile (278.2/km). The racial makeup of the town in 2000 was 88.31% White, 4.22% Black or African American, 0.13% Native American, 3.50% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 2.27% from other races, and 1.55% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.58% of the population. As of the census of 2010, the racial makeup of the town was 84.15% White, 4.68% Black or African American, 0.20% Native American, 4.96% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 3.89% from other races, and 2.10% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.00% of the population.


title: Huntington, New York

text: There were 65,917 households, out of which 37.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.4% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.6% were non-families. 16.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.91 and the average family size was 3.26.


title: Huntington, New York

text: In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.5% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 25.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.4 males.


title: Huntington, New York

text: According to a 2007 estimate, the median income for a household in the town was $102,865, and the median income for a family was $113,119. Males had a median income of $61,748 versus $40,825 for females. The per capita income for the town was $36,390. About 2.9% of families and 4.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.1% of those under age 18 and 4.6% of those age 65 or over.


title: Huntington, New York

text: The town government consists of a town council with four members, all of whom are elected at large. The town supervisor is elected by the entire town. Other elected positions are the Town Clerk, Highway Superintendent, and Receiver of Taxes. A referendum to move to a ward district system on December 22, 2009, failed 81% to 18%.


title: Huntington, New York

text: Around 2002, Swiss International Air Lines's North American headquarters moved from Melville to Uniondale, Town of Hempstead. The facility, the former Swissair North American headquarter site, was completed in 1995. Swissair intended to own, instead of lease, its headquarters site. It enlisted architect Richard Meier to design the Melville facility.


title: Huntington, New York

text: In 1997, Aer Lingus announced that it was moving its North American headquarters from Manhattan to Melville; James Lyndon, a spokesperson for the airline, said that the company moved to Long Island in an effort to reduce costs, as leasing costs are lower on Long Island than in Manhattan. The move would transfer 75 employees, including administrative personnel, marketing personnel, sales personnel, and telephone reservation agents. The airline planned to move on June 15, 1997. The airline had also considered sites in Boston and in Westchester, New York.


title: Huntington, New York

text: According to Huntington's 2016 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the town are:


title: Huntington, New York

text: Several weekly newspapers cover local news exclusively, including "The Long-Islander", since 1838 as well as "The Times of Huntington" by TBR News Media. The "Village Connection Magazine", published by Jim Savalli, is a lifestyle and entertainment magazine dedicated to the town of Huntington. Additionally, Patch, an online-only news website formerly owned by AOL; HuntingtonNow.com, a digital news site owned by a local resident and published since 2018; and the Huntington Buzz, an online-only news website that is independently owned; cover hyper-local news on issues, people and events in Huntington.


title: Huntington, New York

text: The Long Island Rail Road's Port Jefferson Branch serves the town's vicinity, and uses stations between Cold Spring Harbor through Northport. Huntington is the eastern terminus of electrification along the Port Jefferson Branch.


title: Huntington, New York

text: The Town of Huntington is served primarily by Huntington Area Rapid Transit bus routes, though some routes from Suffolk County Transit also serve the town.


title: The Unforgiven (1960 film)

text: The Unforgiven is a 1960 American Western film directed by John Huston and starring Burt Lancaster and Audrey Hepburn. Filmed in Durango, Mexico, the supporting cast features Audie Murphy, Charles Bickford, Lillian Gish, John Saxon, Joseph Wiseman, Doug McClure and Albert Salmi. The story is based upon the 1957 novel by Alan Le May, author of "The Searchers". Uncommonly for its time, the film spotlights the issue of racism against Native Americans and people who were believed to have Native American blood in the Old West. The film is also known for its problems behind the scenes. Huston often said this was his least-satisfying movie.


title: The Unforgiven (1960 film)

text: The Zacharys are a thriving and respected family on the Texas frontier. Father Will Zachary was killed by Kiowa Indians, leaving his oldest son Ben (Burt Lancaster) head of the family. Ben and his mother Mattilda (Lillian Gish) are very protective of Rachel (Audrey Hepburn), who was adopted as an infant; she is doted on by the whole family, including her other brothers Cash (Audie Murphy) and Andy (Doug McClure). The family is supported by their neighbor and Ben's business partner, Zeb Rawlins (Charles Bickford); Zeb's shy son Charlie (Albert Salmi) wants to marry Rachel, which concerns Ben.


title: The Unforgiven (1960 film)

text: During preparations for a cattle drive to Wichita, Kansas, the family is unsettled by the appearance of Abe Kelsey (Joseph Wiseman), who claims that Rachel is Indian by birth. Believing this to be a lie, Ben and Cash engage in a gunfight with Kelsey, killing his horse, but he steals Rachel's beloved white stallion. Later, a group of Kiowa led by Lost Bird appears and offers Ben horses in exchange for handing over Rachel. Lost Bird claims that she is actually his sister, and that an old white man told him so.


title: The Unforgiven (1960 film)

text: Soon after, Charlieto whom Ben has decided to give permission to court Rachelis killed by the Kiowa. In her grief, Charlie's mother accuses Rachel of being a "dirty Injun". Ben leads the ranchers in tracking down Kelsey, and they bring him back to the Rawlins ranch to hang him as a horse thief.


title: The Unforgiven (1960 film)

text: With a noose around his neck, Kelsey tells the gathered ranchers that, on a retaliatory raid against the Kiowa that he led with Will Zachary, he found a baby girl and was about to kill her when Will intervened and took the baby as his own. Kelsey claims that his own son was captured by the Kiowa and ransomed for Rachel's return, but Will refused. Ben intervenes and tells the gathered group the story he knows, that Kelsey's son was actually killed in the fighting, and that Kelsey invented the story and followed them from town to town, poisoning peoples' minds wherever they moved.


title: The Unforgiven (1960 film)

text: Mattilda, driven to the edge by Kelsey's accusations, strikes the horse on which Kelsey is seated, so it runs out from under him, hanging him. Despite protestations that Kelsey was insane, her actions convince Zeb that Kelsey was telling the truth, and he tells Ben to give Rachel to the Kiowa or their partnership will be broken. Ben refuses, and all of the ranchers turn their backs on the Zacharys.


title: The Unforgiven (1960 film)

text: Back at their homestead, Mattilda admits to her family that Will took the Kiowa baby and brought her home to replace an infant daughter they had just lost. Cash, unable to accept an Indian as his sister, abandons the family and spends the night with Georgia Rawlins. The Kiowa return to the Zachary ranch in force, demanding Rachel, who tries to save her family by going over to the Kiowa. To stop her, Ben deliberately breaks the truce by ordering Andy to kill a Kiowa, which touches off a bloody siege. Facing down death, Ben expresses a desire to marry Rachel should they survive. During a break in the fighting, the Kiowa camped nearby play music on their pipes and drums, and the Zacharys play a Mozart composition back on their piano. However, Kiowa riders attack and destroy the piano, resuming the fight.


title: The Unforgiven (1960 film)

text: When the Kiowa stampede cattle over the roof of the house, the family sets it on fire and takes shelter in the root cellar. Mattilda, who had been shot earlier, succumbs to her wounds and dies. Almost out of ammunition, Ben embraces Andy and Rachel, and Rachel and he passionately kiss. Just as the family is about to be overwhelmed, a penitent Cash returns and turns the tide by fighting off the remaining Kiowa. Rachel, protecting a wounded Andy, is confronted by Lost Bird, who enters the house. After a tense moment, she shoots and kills him. With the rest of the tribe gone, Rachel and her brothers exit the house together and watch a flock of geese fly through the sky.


title: The Unforgiven (1960 film)

text: "The Unforgiven" was the final Hecht-Hill-Lancaster (HHL) production. It had a projected budget of $3 million, which expanded to $5.5 million. Original screenwriter JP Miller was replaced by Ben Maddow, original director Delbert Mann was replaced by John Huston, and plans for Richard Burton in the role that eventually went to Audie Murphy were stopped when Burton demanded equal billing with Burt Lancaster, which Lancaster refused.


title: The Unforgiven (1960 film)

text: Production was suspended for several months in 1959 after Hepburn broke her back when she fell off a horse while rehearsing a scene. Although she eventually recovered, the accident was blamed for a subsequent miscarriage that Hepburn suffered. According to several published biographies of Hepburn, she blamed herself for the accident and all but disowned the film, although she did complete it when she was well enough to return to work. Hepburn stepped away from acting the next year to give birth to another child, returning to the screen with "Breakfast at Tiffany's" (1961).


title: The Unforgiven (1960 film)

text: Huston battled with HHL, the production company financing the film, because HHL wanted a more commercial and less controversial film, while Huston wanted to make a statement about racism in America. The result was that neither side received exactly what they had wanted.


title: The Unforgiven (1960 film)

text: Huston's cinematographer of choice, Oswald Morris, was unavailable, causing Huston to not talk to Morris for several years.


title: The Unforgiven (1960 film)

text: John Saxon had signed a three-picture deal with HHL. Scenes featuring Saxon were deleted without the director's consent.


title: The Unforgiven (1960 film)

text: The name "Lost Bird" is applied by some Plains Indian tribes to native children adopted by whites. It was popularized by Zintkala Nuni, a Hunkpapa Lakotah survivor of the Wounded Knee Massacre, taken by Leonard Wright Colby and raised by his wife Clara Bewick Colby, whose widely circulated feminist newspaper "The Woman's Tribune" carried a column on Zintkala for many years. The Lost Bird Society helps to reunite these adopted children with their birth families.


title: Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo

text: Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo is a 2005 American sex comedy film and a sequel to the 1999 film "", from Happy Madison Productions. The film is written by Rob Schneider, David Garrett, and Jason Ward, and starring Schneider in the title role, Eddie Griffin, and Jeroen Krabbé. The plot involves male prostitute Deuce Bigalow visiting his former pimp T.J. in Amsterdam, and then finds himself looking for a murderer who is killing the greatest "man-whores" of Europe. Unlike "Male Gigolo", distributed by Disney's Touchstone Pictures brand, "European Gigolo" was released by Sony Pictures Releasing through Columbia Pictures.


title: Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo

text: The film was panned by critics and was nominated for Worst Picture at the 26th Golden Raspberry Awards, while Schneider won Worst Actor. It grossed $45 million on a $22 million budget.


title: Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo

text: Gigolos in Europe are being terrorized by a serial killer. In Malibu, Deuce Bigalow has lost his wife Kate during a shark attack (he keeps her prosthetic leg with him in remembrance) and is invited by his former pimp friend T.J. Hicks to Amsterdam after Deuce accidentally causes an incident involving berserk dolphins. Deuce goes to take his mind off of Kate.


title: Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo

text: After T.J. shows Deuce his boat, or "float crib," the pair go to a coffee shop where they get high and bump into Heinz Hummer, a German gigolo. After leaving the coffee shop, Deuce finds Hummer dead in an alley, but thinks he is merely stoned and takes the dead gigolo to T.J.'s float crib. When T.J. gets back, he immediately realizes that Hummer is dead. T.J. plans to dump the body, but skeptical of Hummer's reputation of being well-endowed, unzips his pants and examines his genitalia and is caught by a tour boat.


title: Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo

text: Upon his release from the police station, Deuce finds T.J. at a restaurant and recalls that he saw the killer walking away from Hummer's body. Deuce says it was a woman, so they both figure it was a she-john, a former client of the murdered gigolo. T.J. convinces Deuce to find the killer by becoming a gigolo again, visiting the former clients and "rooting" out the killer. They attend a meeting of the Royal Order of European Man Whores, but fail to procure a list of the clients. Antoine, Deuce's client from the manages to get the list and gives to Deuce at a restaurant but is killed by the Man-Whore Killer, which is believed again to be T.J. when he is caught near Antoine's genitals.


title: Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo

text: Deuce and T.J. visit the first client on the list. While Deuce distracts the woman, T.J. breaks into her residence and finds a brand of lipstick that might be the kind found on all the victims. After leaving, Deuce finds Inspector Gaspar Voorsbach on the street and shows him the lipstick. Gaspar throws the lipstick in the trash, mentioning that the lipstick found on the victims "is a very rare one: Lavender Love #66". As Gaspar enters the police station, his niece Eva approaches him and gives him his lunch. Eva slaps herself three times when Gaspar sneezes. Deuce helps her pick up the things she dropped and Eva explains to Deuce that she has obsessive-compulsive disorder. Deuce sees that she has a painting of a fish, so they go to the Amsterdam aquarium together. Deuce continues to investigate different women from Antoine's list. They include Lily, who speaks through an electrolarynx after a laryngectomy, Svetlana Revenko, who has a penis for a nose as a result of being born and raised in Chernobyl, Greta, a German hunchback and Louisa, a grimy Italian girl who becomes clean and beautiful again after Deuce throws her into a Venice canal and scrubs her. Eventually, Deuce and T.J. infiltrate the Man-Whore offices, where the Man-Whore Killer murders another gigolo and T.J. is arrested when he again is caught inadvertently holding the victim's charred penis.


title: Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo

text: Deuce then visits Eva's apartment only to discover items used by the Man-Whore Killer. Believing the killer to be Eva, Deuce confides his suspicions to a wary Gaspar, who then reveals herself to Eva as the real Man-Whore Killer before locking her up as a fall girl. Deuce then rides with Gaspar to the Man-Whore Awards Ceremony under the guise of protecting the man-whores. But when Eva escapes and warns Deuce, Gaspar pulls a gun on Deuce and reveals that he is the real Man-Whore Killer. Gaspar tells Deuce that he was once a man-whore hopeful. While Gaspar was observing a demonstration on how to perform a certain sex act, the Portuguese Breakfast, one of his classmates offered to let him use his penis-enlargement pump. When the demonstration ended, Gaspar was horrified the demonstration was his fiancée Elsa. Gaspar was so angry and shocked that he continued to pump until his penis exploded, causing the other men to laugh at him. He blames man-whores for the loss of his fiancée and his penis, and plans to kill them all at their awards ceremony.


title: Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo

text: At the ceremony, Deuce evacuates the building and gets into a sword fight with Gaspar, during which he mentions the other romantic ways of pleasing a woman; his words move the ladies in the crowd and the male gigolos. Gaspar beats Deuce, but before he can detonate the bomb, Lily and Svetlana distract Gaspar. Lily sprays alcohol all over him through her stoma and then Deuce knocks out Gaspar with a trophy taking the bomb detonator. For his bravery, Deuce is given the Golden Boner award. He shares a passionate kiss with Eva, and accidentally sets off the bomb when the statue's penis bumps the detonator button. Deuce and Eva leave the scene.


title: Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo

text: The following day, Deuce and Eva come to pick up T.J., who has been released from jail, and tells them that he is entering a brand new prostitution market: gay man-whoring.


title: Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo

text: In an epilogue: T.J. stops gay man-whoring and becomes a rapper. Deuce and Eva got married with Eva being pregnant. Gaspar is gang raped in prison. Svetlana marries a man with a vagina for a mouth in a wedding where everybody threw up. Kate's prosthetic leg is turned into a bong by an old Dutch woman.


title: Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo

text: The film also includes cameos by Elisabetta Canalis as a castle lady and Dutch actress Chantal Janzen as a Scandinavian porn star. Wes Takahashi, former animator and visual effects supervisor for Industrial Light & Magic, makes a cameo appearance as a news reporter.


title: Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo

text: Eddie Griffin verified in an interview that "a really old stuffed cat" was used during the cat scene.


title: Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo

text: Disney rejected the sequel as inappropriate because they wanted the film rated PG-13 (instead of an R rating like the first film). The orphan sequel found a new home at Sony. Disney retains 5% of the box office gross. To promote the film Sony held a "Man-Whore of the Year" contest with Maxim magazine in Las Vegas.


title: Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo

text: "Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo" grossed $9,626,287 on its opening weekend, ranking at #5 behind "Four Brothers", "The Skeleton Key", "The Dukes of Hazzard", and "Wedding Crashers". The film's opening weekend gross was lower than the $12 million earned by the first film. The movie closed its run with a gross of $22,400,154 in North America and $22,709,407 internationally for a worldwide total of $45,109,561. This was lower than the first film's final gross of $65,538,755 in North America and $92,938,755 worldwide.


title: Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo

text: On Rotten Tomatoes "Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo" has an approval rating of 9% based on reviews from 100 critics, with an average rating of 3.30/10. The site's consensus states: "A witless follow-up to the surprise 1999 hit, "Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo" is raunchy, politically incorrect, and not particularly funny." On Metacritic the film has a score of 23% based on reviews from 25 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade C+.


title: Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo

text: Michael Rechtshaffen of The Hollywood Reporter wrote: "Every bit as vulgar, sophomoric and thoroughly tasteless as 1999's Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo. But what is most annoying is the sequel's capability of inducing laughter even as one hates oneself for so easily succumbing to the total silliness of it all."


title: Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo

text: Robert Koehler of Variety called it "Rude, crude and, uh, cosmopolitan, Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo waves the flag for R-rated politically incorrect studio comedy but doesn't top the laugh ratio of the first Deuce misadventure."


title: Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo

text: Roger Ebert gave the film a rare "zero star" rating, calling it "aggressively bad, as if it wants to cause suffering to the audience", and describing it as "completely beneath contempt" on his show "Ebert & Roeper". He ranked it as the worst film of 2005, and ultimately included the movie in his most hated films list. Also on "Ebert & Roeper", Richard Roeper called the film "the cinematic equivalent of a bunch of 13-year-old boys in a locker room repeating dirty phrases they've just learned" and "dead on arrival."


title: Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo

text: Ebert also chastized Rob Schneider for his overly zealous defense of the series, referring to an incident in which "Los Angeles Times" critic Patrick Goldstein called Schneider a "third-rate comic." Schneider responded by calling Goldstein a "third-rate, unfunny pompous reporter" in a full-page open letter published in "Variety" and "The Hollywood Reporter". Schneider further claimed that Goldstein was unqualified to review the film since he was not a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist. Ebert, himself having won the Pulitzer Prize, took it upon himself to criticize Schneider in his own review. He ended the review with the quote "Your movie sucks", which would later become the title of a book published by Ebert compiling reviews of films he had awarded below 2/4 stars.


title: Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo

text: Ebert and Schneider ultimately settled their differences, and Schneider sent his well wishes to Ebert during his recovery from thyroid cancer. Ebert responded, "Rob Schneider might (in my opinion) have made a bad movie. He is not a bad man." After Ebert's death, in a letter to his widow Chaz, Schneider admitted that the situation caused him to "reassess what pictures I really wanted to make."


title: Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo

text: The film was nominated for five Golden Raspberry Awards, including Worst Picture, Worst Screenplay, Worst Remake or Sequel and Worst Screen Couple (Rob Schneider and his diapers) with Schneider winning Worst Actor.


title: Foreclosure

text: Foreclosure is a legal process in which a lender attempts to recover the balance of a loan from a borrower who has stopped making payments to the lender by forcing the sale of the asset used as the collateral for the loan.


title: Foreclosure

text: Formally, a mortgage lender (mortgagee), or other lienholder, obtains a termination of a mortgage borrower (mortgagor)'s equitable right of redemption, either by court order or by operation of law (after following a specific statutory procedure).


title: Foreclosure

text: Usually a lender obtains a security interest from a borrower who mortgages or pledges an asset like a house to secure the loan. If the borrower defaults and the lender tries to repossess the property, courts of equity can grant the borrower the equitable right of redemption if the borrower repays the debt. While this equitable right exists, it is a cloud on title and the lender cannot be sure that they can repossess the property. Therefore, through the process of foreclosure, the lender seeks to immediately terminate the equitable right of redemption and take both legal and equitable title to the property in fee simple. Other lien holders can also foreclose the owner's right of redemption for other debts, such as for overdue taxes, unpaid contractors' bills or overdue homeowner association dues or assessments.


title: Foreclosure

text: The foreclosure process as applied to residential mortgage loans is a bank or other secured creditor selling or repossessing a parcel of real property after the owner has failed to comply with an agreement between the lender and borrower called a "mortgage" or "deed of trust". Commonly, the violation of the mortgage is a default in payment of a promissory note, secured by a lien on the property. When the process is complete, the lender can sell the property and keep the proceeds to pay off its mortgage and any legal costs, and it is typically said that "the lender has foreclosed its mortgage or lien". If the promissory note was made with a recourse clause and if the sale does not bring enough to pay the existing balance of principal and fees, then the mortgagee can file a claim for a deficiency judgment. In many states in the United States, items included to calculate the amount of a deficiency judgment include the loan principal, accrued interest and attorney fees less the amount the lender bid at the foreclosure sale.


title: Foreclosure

text: The mortgage holder can usually initiate foreclosure at a time specified in the mortgage documents, typically some period of time after a default condition occurs. In the United States, Canada and many other countries, several types of foreclosure exist. In the US for example, two of themnamely, by judicial sale and by power of saleare widely used, but other modes are possible in a few other U.S. states.


title: Foreclosure

text: "Foreclosure by judicial sale," commonly called "judicial foreclosure", involves the sale of the mortgaged property under the supervision of a court. The proceeds go first to satisfy the mortgage, then other lien holders, and finally the mortgagor/borrower if any proceeds are left. Judicial foreclosure is available in every US state and required in many (Florida requires judicial foreclosure). The lender initiates judicial foreclosure by filing a lawsuit against the borrower. As with all other legal actions, all parties must be notified of the foreclosure, but notification requirements vary significantly from state to state in the US. A judicial decision is announced after the exchange of pleadings at a (usually short) hearing in a state or local court in the US. In some rather rare instances, foreclosures are filed in US federal courts.


title: Foreclosure

text: A judicial officer supervises the sale and executes the legal papers and deed if any. This may be done by a superior court judge or a referee specially appointed by a court of judicial privacy.


title: Foreclosure

text: "Foreclosure by power of sale," also called "nonjudicial foreclosure", and is authorized by many states if a "power of sale" clause is included in the mortgage or if a deed of trust with such a clause was used, instead of an actual mortgage. In some US states, like California and Texas, nearly all so-called mortgages are actually deeds of trust. This process involves the sale of the property by the mortgage holder without court supervision (as elaborated upon below). This process is generally much faster and cheaper than foreclosure by judicial sale. As in judicial sale, the mortgage holder and other lien holders are respectively first and second claimants to the proceeds from the sale.


title: Foreclosure

text: Other types of foreclosure are considered minor because of their limited availability. Under "strict foreclosure", which is available in a few states including Connecticut, New Hampshire and Vermont, if the mortgagee wins the court case, the court orders the defaulted mortgagor to pay the mortgage within a specified period of time. Should the mortgagor fail to do so, the mortgage holder gains the title to the property with no obligation to sell it. This type of foreclosure is generally available only when the value of the property is less than the debt ("under water"). Historically, strict foreclosure was the original method of foreclosure.


title: Foreclosure

text: Acceleration is a clause that is usually found in Sections 16, 17, or 18 of a typical mortgage in the US. Not all accelerations are the same for each mortgage, as it depends on the terms and conditions between lender and obligated mortgagor(s). When a term in the mortgage has been broken, the acceleration clause goes into effect. It can declare the entire payable debt to the lender if the borrower(s) were to transfer the title at a future date to a purchaser. The clause in the mortgage also instructs that a notice of acceleration must be served to the obligated mortgagor(s) who signed the Note. Each mortgage gives a time period for the debtor(s) to cure their loan. The most common time periods allot to debtor(s) is usually 30 days, but for commercial property it can be 10 days. The notice of acceleration is called a Demand and/or Breach Letter. In the letter it informs the Borrower(s) that they have 10 or 30 days from the date on the letter to reinstate their loan. Demand/Breach letters are sent out by Certified and Regular mail to all notable addresses of the Borrower(s). Also in the acceleration of the mortgage the lender must provide a payoff quote that is estimated 30 days from the date of the letter. This letter is called an FDCPA (Fair Debt Collections Practices Acts) letter and/or Initial Communication Letter. Once the Borrower(s) receives the two letters providing a time period to reinstate or pay off their loan the lender must wait until that time expires in to take further action. When the 10 or 30 days have passed that means that the acceleration has expired and the Lender can move forward with foreclosing on the property.


title: Foreclosure

text: The lender will also include any unpaid property taxes and delinquent payments in this amount, so if the borrower does not have significant equity they will owe more than the original amount of the mortgage.


title: Foreclosure

text: Lenders may also accelerate a loan if there is a transfer clause, obligating the mortgagor to notify the lender of any transfer, whether; a lease-option, lease-hold of 3 years or more, land contracts, agreement for deed, transfer of title or interest in the property.


title: Foreclosure

text: The vast majority (but not all) of mortgages today have acceleration clauses. The holder of a mortgage without this clause has only two options: either to wait until all of the payments come due or convince a court to compel a sale of some parts of the property in lieu of the past due payments. Alternatively, the court may order the property sold subject to the mortgage, with the proceeds from the sale going to the payments owed the mortgage holder.


title: Foreclosure

text: The process of foreclosure can be rapid or lengthy and varies from state to state. Other options such as refinancing, a short sale, alternate financing, temporary arrangements with the lender, or even bankruptcy may present homeowners with ways to avoid foreclosure. Websites which can connect individual borrowers and homeowners to lenders are increasingly offered as mechanisms to bypass traditional lenders while meeting payment obligations for mortgage providers. Although there are slight differences between the states, the foreclosure process generally follows a timeline beginning with initial missed payments, moving to a sale being scheduled and finally a redemption period (if available).


title: Foreclosure

text: In the United States, there are two types of foreclosure in most states described by common law. Using a "deed in lieu of foreclosure," or "strict foreclosure", the noteholder claims the title and possession of the property back in full satisfaction of a debt, usually on contract.


title: Foreclosure

text: In the proceeding simply known as foreclosure (or, perhaps, distinguished as "judicial foreclosure"), the lender must sue the defaulting borrower in state court. Upon final judgment (usually summary judgment) in the lender's favor, the property is subject to auction by the county sheriff or some other officer of the court. Many states require this sort of proceeding in some or all cases of foreclosure to protect any equity the debtor may have in the property, in case the value of the debt being foreclosed on is substantially less than the market value of the real property; this also discourages a strategic foreclosure by a lender who wants to obtain the property. In this foreclosure, the sheriff then issues a deed to the winning bidder at auction. Banks and other institutional lenders may bid in the amount of the owed debt at the sale but there are a number of other factors that may influence the bid, and if no other buyers step forward the lender receives title to the real property in return.


title: Foreclosure

text: Historically, the vast majority of judicial foreclosures have been unopposed, since most defaulting borrowers have no money to hire counsel. Therefore, the U.S. financial services industry has lobbied since the mid-19th century for faster foreclosure procedures that would not clog up state courts with uncontested cases, and would lower the cost of credit (because it must always have the cost of recovering collateral built-in). Lenders have also argued that taking foreclosures out of the courts is actually kinder and less traumatic to defaulting borrowers, as it avoids the "in terrorem" effects of being sued.


title: Foreclosure

text: In response, a slight majority of U.S. states have adopted nonjudicial foreclosure procedures in which the mortgagee (or more commonly the mortgagee's servicer's attorney, designated agent, or trustee) gives the debtor a notice of default (NOD) and the mortgagee's intent to sell the real property in a form prescribed by state statute; the NOD in some states must also be recorded against the property. This type of foreclosure is commonly called "statutory" or "nonjudicial" foreclosure, as opposed to "judicial", because the mortgagee does not need to file an actual lawsuit to initiate the foreclosure. A few states impose additional procedural requirements such as having documents stamped by a court clerk; Colorado requires the use of a county "public trustee," a government official, rather than a private trustee specializing in carrying out foreclosures. However, in most states, the "only" government official involved in a nonjudicial foreclosure is the county recorder, who merely records any pre-sale notices and the trustee's deed upon sale.


title: Foreclosure

text: In this "power-of-sale" type of foreclosure, if the debtor fails to cure the default, or use other lawful means (such as filing for bankruptcy to temporarily stay the foreclosure) to stop the sale, the mortgagee or its representative conduct a public auction in a manner similar to the sheriff's auction. Notably, the lender "itself" can bid for the property at the auction, and is the "only" bidder that can make a "credit bid" (a bid based on the outstanding debt itself) while all other bidders must be able to immediately (or within a very short period of time) present the auctioneer with cash or a cash equivalent like a cashier's check. In May 2012, the U.S. Supreme Court, resolved uncertainty surrounding a secured creditor's right to credit bid in a sale under a Chapter 11 bankruptcy plan. In RadLAX Gateway Hotel, LLC v. Amalgamated Bank, 566 U.S. ______ (2012), the Court found it was obligated to interpret the bankruptcy code “clearly and predictably using well established principles of statutory construction” resolving the lingering uncertainties of credit bidding under a chapter 11 plan and upholding secured creditors’ rights.


title: Foreclosure

text: The highest bidder at the auction becomes the owner of the real property, free and clear of interest of the former owner, but possibly encumbered by liens superior to the foreclosed mortgage (e.g., a senior mortgage, unpaid property taxes, weed/demolition liens). Further legal action, such as an eviction, may be necessary to obtain possession of the premises if the former occupant fails to voluntarily vacate.


title: Foreclosure

text: In some US states, particularly those where only judicial foreclosure is available, the constitutional issue of due process has affected the ability of some lenders to foreclose. In Ohio, the US federal district court for the Northern District of Ohio has dismissed numerous foreclosure actions by lenders because of the inability of the alleged lender to prove that they are the real party in interest. The same happened in a Colorado district court case in June 2008.


title: Foreclosure

text: In contrast, in six federal judicial circuits and the majority of nonjudicial foreclosure states (like California), due process has already been judicially determined to be a frivolous defense. The entire point of nonjudicial foreclosure is that there is no state actor (i.e., a court) involved. The constitutional right of due process protects people only from violations of their civil rights by state actors, not private actors. (The involvement of the county clerk or recorder in recording the necessary documents has been held to be insufficient to invoke due process, since they are required by statute to record all documents presented that meet minimum formatting requirements and are denied the discretion to decide whether a particular foreclosure should proceed.)


title: Foreclosure

text: A further rationale is that under the principle of freedom of contract, if debtors wish to enjoy the additional protection of the formalities of judicial foreclosure, it is their burden to find a lender willing to provide a loan secured by a traditional conventional mortgage instead of a deed of trust with a power of sale. Courts have also rejected as frivolous the argument that the mere legislative act of authorizing or regulating the nonjudicial foreclosure process thereby transforms the process itself into state action.


title: Foreclosure

text: In turn, since there is no right to due process in nonjudicial foreclosure, it has been held that it is irrelevant whether the borrower had actual notice (i.e., subjective awareness) of the foreclosure, as long as the foreclosure trustee performed the tasks prescribed by statute in an attempt to give notice.


title: Foreclosure

text: "Strict foreclosure" available in some states is an equitable right of the foreclosure sale purchaser. The purchaser must petition a court for a decree that cancels any junior lien holder's rights to the senior debt. If the junior lien holder fails to object within the judicially established time frame, his lien is canceled and the purchaser's title is cleared. This effect is the same as the strict foreclosure that occurred in English common law of equity as a response to the development of the equity of redemption.


title: Foreclosure

text: In most jurisdictions, it is customary for the foreclosing lender to obtain a title search of the real property and to notify all other persons who may have liens on the property, whether by judgment, by contract, or by statute or other law, so that they may appear and assert their interest in the foreclosure litigation. This is accomplished through the filing of a "lis pendens" as part of the lawsuit and recordation of it in order to provide public notice of the pendency of the foreclosure action. In all U.S. jurisdictions, a lender who conducts a foreclosure sale of real property that has a federal tax lien must give 25 days notice of the sale to the Internal Revenue Service. Failure to give notice results in the lien remaining attached to the real property after the sale. Therefore, it is imperative the lender search local federal tax liens, so that if parties to the foreclosure have a federal tax lien filed against them, the proper notice to the IRS is given. A detailed explanation by the IRS of the federal tax lien process can be found.


title: Foreclosure

text: Because the right of redemption is an equitable right, foreclosure is an action in equity. To keep the right of redemption, the debtor may be able to petition the court for an injunction. If repossession is imminent, the debtor must seek a temporary restraining order. However, the debtor may have to post a bond in the amount of the debt. This protects the creditor if the attempt to stop foreclosure is simply an attempt to escape the debt.


title: Foreclosure

text: A debtor may also challenge the validity of the debt in a claim against the bank to stop the foreclosure and sue for damages. In a foreclosure proceeding, the lender also bears the burden of proving they have standing to foreclose.


title: Foreclosure

text: Several U.S. states, including California, Georgia, and Texas impose a "tender" condition precedent upon borrowers seeking to challenge a wrongful foreclosure, which is rooted in the maxim of equity principle that "he who seeks equity must first do equity", as well as the common law rule that the party seeking rescission of a contract must first return all benefits received under the contract.


title: Foreclosure

text: In other words, to challenge an allegedly wrongful foreclosure, the borrower must make legal tender of the "entire" remaining balance of the debt prior to the foreclosure sale. California has one of the strictest forms of this rule, in that the funds must be "received" by the lender before the sale. One tender attempt was held inadequate when the check arrived via FedEx on a Monday, three days after the foreclosure sale had already occurred on Friday.


title: Foreclosure

text: At least one textbook has attacked the paradox inherent in the tender rule—namely, if the borrower actually had enough cash to promptly pay the entire balance, they would have already paid it off and the lender would not be trying to foreclose upon them in the first place—but it continues to be the law in the aforementioned states.


title: Foreclosure

text: Occasionally, borrowers have raised enough cash at the last minute (usually through desperate fire sales of other unencumbered assets) to offer good tender and have thereby preserved their rights to challenge the foreclosure process. Courts have been unsympathetic to attempts by such borrowers to recover fire sale losses from foreclosing lenders.


title: Foreclosure

text: One noteworthy court case questions the legality of the foreclosure practice is sometimes cited as proof of various claims regarding lending. In the case "First National Bank of Montgomery v. Jerome Daly", Jerome Daly claimed that the bank did not offer a legal form of consideration because the money loaned to him was created upon signing of the loan contract. The myth reports that Daly won, did not have to repay the loan, and the bank could not repossess his property. In fact, the "ruling" (widely referred to as the "Credit River Decision") was ruled a nullity by the courts.