title: Skald

text: More than 300 skalds are known from the period between 800 and 1200 AD. Many are listed in the "Skáldatal", a list of court skalds by the ruler they served that runs from the legendary Ragnar Lodbrok to the late 13th century and includes some poets from whom no verses are preserved. Notable names include:


title: Skald

text: Many "lausavísur" attributed in sagas to women have traditionally been regarded as inauthentic, and few female skalds are known by name. They include:


title: Skald

text: The first comprehensive edition of skaldic poetry, by Finnur Jónsson, was "Den norsk-islandske skjaldedigtning", published in 4 volumes in Copenhagen in 1908–15 (2 volumes each diplomatic and corrected text; with Danish translations). Later editions include 's "Den norsk-isländska Skaldedigtningen", published in 2 volumes in Lund in 1946–50, and Magnus Olsen's "Edda- og Skaldekvad: forarbeider til kommentar", published in 7 volumes in Oslo in 1960–64 (analysis in Norwegian). In the early 21st century, the Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages project has prepared a new edition with associated database online; 5 of a projected 9 volumes had been published . This edition groups the poems according to the type of prose source in which they are preserved.


title: The Lost World (Doyle novel)

text: The Lost World is a science fiction novel by British writer Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, published by Hodder & Stoughton in 1912, concerning an expedition to a plateau in the Amazon basin of South America where prehistoric animals still survive. It was originally published serially in the "Strand Magazine" and illustrated by New Zealand–born artist Harry Rountree during the months of April–November 1912. The character of Professor Challenger was introduced in this book. The novel also describes a war between indigenous people and a vicious tribe of ape-like creatures.


title: The Lost World (Doyle novel)

text: Edward Malone, a young reporter for the "Daily Gazette", asks his editor for a dangerous assignment to impress the woman he loves, Gladys, who wishes for a great man capable of brave deeds and actions. His task is to approach the notorious Professor Challenger, who dislikes the popular press intensely and physically assaults intrusive journalists. The subject is to be his recent South American expedition which, surrounded by controversy, guarantees a hostile reaction. As a direct approach would be instantly rebuffed, Malone instead masquerades as an earnest student. On meeting the professor he is startled by his intimidating physique, but believes his ruse is succeeding. Seeing through the masquerade, then confirming Malone's scientific knowledge is non-existent, Challenger erupts in anger and forcibly throws him out. Malone earns his respect by refusing to press charges with a policeman who saw his violent ejection into the street. Challenger ushers him back inside and, extracting promises of confidentiality, eventually reveals he has discovered living dinosaurs in South America, following up an expedition by a now-deceased previous American explorer named Maple White. At a tumultuous public meeting in which Challenger experiences further ridicule (most notably from a professional rival, Professor Summerlee), Malone volunteers for an expedition to verify the discoveries. His companions are to be Professor Summerlee, and Lord John Roxton, an adventurer who helped end slavery on the Amazon; the notches on his rifle showing how many slavers he killed doing so.


title: The Lost World (Doyle novel)

text: Running the gauntlet of hostile tribes, the expedition finally reaches the lost world with the aid of Indian guides, who are superstitiously scared of the area. Summerlee retains his scepticism, despite being delighted at making other scientific discoveries in the fields of botany and entomology: even a glimpse of a pterodactyl at a distance fails to convince him, because he believes it is some species of stork. The sharper-eyed Roxton is inclined to agree it is not a stork but has no clue what it really is, until a night-time encounter when it flies down and is seen by all at close range, as it steals the companions' dinner. After this, Summerlee apologises to Challenger. The cliffs to the plateau itself prove to be apparently unscalable, but an adjacent pinnacle turns out to be climbable, and moreover, has a tall tree which can be cut down and used as a bridge, which allows the four explorers to cross to the plateau. However, they are almost immediately trapped on it, thanks to the treachery of one of their luggage-porters, Gomez: who, as it turns out, is a former slaver whose brother had previously been killed by Roxton during his anti-slavery activities. Gomez takes his revenge by dropping the tree off the cliff, stranding the explorers on the plateau. Roxton shoots Gomez and they hear the scream and then the thud of the falling body. The other half-breed is subsequently killed by another porter, a black ex-slave named Zambo, who remains loyal to the party: but the latter is unable to do much more to help, other than send some of the company's supplies over by rope.


title: The Lost World (Doyle novel)

text: Whilst investigating the wonders of the lost world, discovering many plants and creatures thought to be extinct, they narrowly escape an attack from pterodactyls. Although barely escaping with their lives, Roxton takes great interest in nearby blue clay deposits. At night a ferocious carnivorous dinosaur is about to break through the thorn bushes surrounding their camp; Roxton averts disaster by bravely dashing at it, thrusting a blazing torch at its face to scare it away. Later, all except Malone are captured by a race of ape-men. Whilst in captivity they discover that a tribe of natives, with whom the ape-men are at war, inhabit the other side of the plateau. Roxton escapes and together with Malone mounts a rescue, preventing many unpleasant deaths, including a young native who is a prince of his tribe. The rescued natives take the party to their village, then with the help of their firepower return to defeat the ape-men. After witnessing the power of their guns, the tribe wish to keep them on the plateau but, helped by the young prince they saved, they eventually discover a tunnel leading back to the outside world. During their time with the tribe, Roxton plans how to capture a pterodactyl chick, and succeeds in doing so.


title: The Lost World (Doyle novel)

text: Upon return to England, despite full reports from Malone many detractors continue to dismiss the expedition's account, much as they had Challenger's original story – although Summerlee, having been on the expedition, has now switched sides and is supporting Challenger. Anticipating this, at a public meeting at Queen's Hall Challenger produces the young pterodactyl as proof, transfixing the audience and leaving them in no doubt of the truth. The explorers are instantly feted as heroes, and on a wave of adulation find themselves carried shoulder-high from the hall by cheering crowds. The pterodactyl, in the confusion, makes its escape and is witnessed several times at different locations around London, causing consternation wherever it goes, but is last seen heading off to the southwest in the probable direction of its home.


title: The Lost World (Doyle novel)

text: At a private celebratory dinner, Roxton reveals to the others that the blue clay contained diamonds. He had been tipped off to the possibility, by the recollection of a similar feature in South Africa, and managed to extract about £200,000 worth (£23 million in 2021), which is to be split between them. Challenger plans to open a private museum with his share. Summerlee plans to retire and categorise fossils. Malone returns to his love, Gladys, hoping she will recognise his achievements. Instead, he finds she has now changed her mind and married a very ordinary man instead, an insignificant clerk. Astonished at this turn of events, and with nothing to keep him in London, he decides to accompany Roxton back to the lost world.


title: The Lost World (Doyle novel)

text: The idea of prehistoric animals surviving into the present day was not new, but had already been introduced by Jules Verne in "Journey to the Center of the Earth". In Jules Verne's book, published in 1864, the creatures live under the earth in and around a subterranean sea.


title: The Lost World (Doyle novel)

text: In 1915, the Russian scientist Vladimir Obruchev produced his own version of the "lost world" theme in the novel "Plutonia", which places the prehistoric species in a fictional space inside the hollow Earth connected to the surface via an opening in the Russian far north. In 1916, Edgar Rice Burroughs published "The Land That Time Forgot". His "lost world" was discovered by German submariners in Antarctica.


title: The Lost World (Doyle novel)

text: In addition to lending its title to this subgenre, the title of Doyle's work was reused by Michael Crichton in his 1995 novel "The Lost World", a sequel to "Jurassic Park", and its film adaptation, "". Two of the characters in Crichton's novel mention a palaeontologist called John Roxton.


title: The Lost World (Doyle novel)

text: The characters of Ed Malone and Lord John Roxton were modelled, respectively, on the journalist E. D. Morel and the diplomat Roger Casement, leaders of the Congo Free State reform campaign (the Congo Reform Association), which Doyle supported. In 1911, just when Doyle was writing the book, Casement made a second such anti-slavery reform campaign in the Amazonian part of Peru.


title: The Lost World (Doyle novel)

text: The setting for "The Lost World" is believed to have been inspired by reports of Doyle's good friend Percy Harrison Fawcett's expedition to Huanchaca Plateau in Noel Kempff Mercado National Park, Bolivia. Fawcett organised several expeditions to delimit the border between Bolivia and Brazil – an area of potential conflict between both countries. Doyle attended Fawcett's lecture to the Royal Geographical Society on 13 February 1911 and was impressed by the tale about the remote "province of Caupolican" (present day Huanchaca Plateau) in Bolivia – a dangerous area with impenetrable forests, where Fawcett saw "monstrous tracks of unknown origin".


title: The Lost World (Doyle novel)

text: Fawcett wrote in his posthumously published memoirs: "Monsters from the dawn of Man's existence might still roam these heights unchallenged, imprisoned and protected by unscalable cliffs. So thought Conan Doyle when later in London I spoke of these hills and showed photographs of them. He mentioned an idea for a novel on Central South America and asked for information, which I told him I should be glad to supply. The fruit of it was his "Lost World" in 1912, appearing as a serial in the "Strand Magazine", and subsequently in the form of a book that achieved widespread popularity." A 1996 "Science Fiction Studies" review of an annotated edition of the novel suggested that another inspiration for the story may have been the 1890s contested political history of the Pacaraima Mountains plateaux, and Mount Roraima in particular.


title: The Lost World (Doyle novel)

text: The dinosaur that attacks the camp during the night is vividly described ("In the deep shadow of the tree ... a crouching form full of savage vigour and menace. It was no higher than a horse, but the dim outline suggested vast bulk and strength"). Identified as an "Allosaurus," in real life it would have been more fearsome still, though the book also allowed the possibility of it being "Megalosaurus" or a juvenile "Allosaurus", which would be closer to the description mentioned earlier.


title: The Lost World (Doyle novel)

text: The novel also details a brief encounter with a giant snake, estimated by Challenger to have been over 15 meters (50 feet) long. Though not based on any known snake at the time, its inclusion likely came from reports by Fawcett. In 1907, Fawcett claimed to have witnessed and killed a giant anaconda of a similar size, though his report was unverified. Fossils of an actual giant snake approaching 12 meters (40 feet) in length, Titanoboa, would be discovered and classified decades later.


title: Rank–nullity theorem

text: The rank–nullity theorem is a theorem in linear algebra, which asserts that the dimension of the domain of a linear map is the sum of its rank (the dimension of its image) and its "nullity" (the dimension of its kernel).


title: Rank–nullity theorem

text: Let formula_1 be a linear transformation between two vector spaces where formula_2's domain formula_3 is finite dimensional. Then


title: Rank–nullity theorem

text: This theorem can be refined via the splitting lemma to be a statement about an isomorphism of spaces, not just dimensions. Explicitly, since induces an isomorphism from formula_7 to formula_8 the existence of a basis for that extends any given basis of formula_9 implies, via the splitting lemma, that formula_10 Taking dimensions, the rank–nullity theorem follows.


title: Rank–nullity theorem

text: Since formula_11 one can represent linear maps as matrices. In the case of an formula_12 matrix, the dimension of the domain is formula_13 the number of columns in the matrix. Thus the rank–nullity theorem for a given matrix formula_14 immediately becomes


title: Rank–nullity theorem

text: Here we provide two proofs. The first operates in the general case, using linear maps. The second proof looks at the homogeneous system formula_16 for formula_17 with rank formula_18 and shows explicitly that there exists a set of formula_19 linearly independent solutions that span the kernel of formula_20.


title: Rank–nullity theorem

text: While the theorem requires that the domain of the linear map be finite-dimensional, there is no such assumption on the codomain. This means that there are linear maps not given by matrices for which the theorem applies. Despite this, the first proof is not actually more general than the second: since the image of the linear map is finite-dimensional, we can represent the map from its domain to its image by a matrix, prove the theorem for that matrix, then compose with the inclusion of the image into the full codomain.


title: Rank–nullity theorem

text: Let formula_21 be vector spaces over some field formula_22 and formula_2 defined as in the statement of the theorem with formula_24.


title: Rank–nullity theorem

text: We may now, by the Steinitz exchange lemma, extend formula_28 with formula_29 linearly independent vectors formula_30 to form a full basis of formula_3.


title: Rank–nullity theorem

text: The above equality already states that formula_36 is a generating set for formula_37; it remains to be shown that it is also linearly independent to conclude that it is a basis.


title: Rank–nullity theorem

text: This is a contradiction to formula_45 being a basis, unless all formula_46 are equal to zero. This shows that formula_36 is linearly independent, and more specifically that it is a basis for formula_48.


title: Rank–nullity theorem

text: To do this, we will produce a matrix formula_57 whose columns form a basis of the null space of formula_20.


title: Rank–nullity theorem

text: Without loss of generality, assume that the first formula_18 columns of formula_20 are linearly independent. So, we can write


title: Rank–nullity theorem

text: Furthermore, the formula_19 columns of formula_76 are linearly independent because formula_80 will imply formula_81 for formula_82:


title: Rank–nullity theorem

text: Therefore, the column vectors of formula_76 constitute a set of formula_19 linearly independent solutions for formula_77.


title: Rank–nullity theorem

text: We next prove that "any" solution of formula_77 must be a linear combination of the columns of formula_76.


title: Rank–nullity theorem

text: be any vector such that formula_90. Note that since the columns of formula_66 are linearly independent, formula_92 implies formula_93.


title: Rank–nullity theorem

text: This proves that any vector formula_96 that is a solution of formula_16 must be a linear combination of the formula_19 special solutions given by the columns of formula_76. And we have already seen that the columns of formula_76 are linearly independent. Hence, the columns of formula_76 constitute a basis for the null space of formula_20. Therefore, the nullity of formula_20 is formula_104. Since formula_18 equals rank of formula_20, it follows that formula_107. This concludes our proof.


title: Rank–nullity theorem

text: This theorem is a statement of the first isomorphism theorem of algebra for the case of vector spaces; it generalizes to the splitting lemma.


title: Rank–nullity theorem

text: In more modern language, the theorem can also be phrased as saying that each short exact sequence of vector spaces splits. Explicitly, given that


title: Rank–nullity theorem

text: The rank–nullity theorem for finite-dimensional vector spaces may also be formulated in terms of the "index" of a linear map. The index of a linear map formula_113, where formula_3 and formula_115 are finite-dimensional, is defined by


title: Rank–nullity theorem

text: Intuitively, formula_117 is the number of independent solutions formula_118 of the equation formula_119, and formula_120 is the number of independent restrictions that have to be put on formula_121 to make formula_122 solvable. The rank–nullity theorem for finite-dimensional vector spaces is equivalent to the statement


title: Rank–nullity theorem

text: We see that we can easily read off the index of the linear map formula_2 from the involved spaces, without any need to analyze formula_2 in detail. This effect also occurs in a much deeper result: the Atiyah–Singer index theorem states that the index of certain differential operators can be read off the geometry of the involved spaces.


title: Margin (finance)

text: In finance, margin is the collateral that a holder of a financial instrument has to deposit with a counterparty (most often their broker or an exchange) to cover some or all of the credit risk the holder poses for the counterparty. This risk can arise if the holder has done any of the following:


title: Margin (finance)

text: The collateral for a margin account can be the cash deposited in the account or securities provided, and represents the funds available to the account holder for further share trading. On United States futures exchanges, margins were formerly called performance bonds. Most of the exchanges today use SPAN ("Standard Portfolio Analysis of Risk") methodology, which was developed by the Chicago Mercantile Exchange in 1988, for calculating margins for options and futures.


title: Margin (finance)

text: A margin account is a loan account with a broker which can be used for share trading. The funds available under the margin loan are determined by the broker based on the securities owned and provided by the trader, which act as collateral for the loan. The broker usually has the right to change the percentage of the value of each security it will allow towards further advances to the trader, and may consequently make a margin call if the balance available falls below the amount actually utilised. In any event, the broker will usually charge interest and other fees on the amount drawn on the margin account.


title: Margin (finance)

text: If the cash balance of a margin account is negative, the amount is owed to the broker, and usually attracts interest. If the cash balance is positive, the money is available to the account holder to reinvest, or may be withdrawn by the holder or left in the account and may earn interest. In terms of futures and cleared derivatives, the margin balance would refer to the total value of collateral pledged to the CCP (central counterparty clearing) and or futures commission merchants.


title: Margin (finance)

text: Margin buying refers to the buying of securities with cash borrowed from a broker, using the bought securities as collateral. This has the effect of magnifying any profit or loss made on the securities. The securities serve as collateral for the loan. The net value—the difference between the value of the securities and the loan—is initially equal to the amount of one's own cash used. This difference has to stay above a minimum margin requirement, the purpose of which is to protect the broker against a fall in the value of the securities to the point that the investor can no longer cover the loan.


title: Margin (finance)

text: Margin lending became popular in the late 1800s as a means to finance railroads. In the 1920s, margin requirements were loose. In other words, brokers required investors to put in very little of their own money, whereas today, the Federal Reserve's margin requirement (under Regulation T) limits debt to 50 percent. During the 1920s leverage rates of up to 90 percent debt were not uncommon. When the stock market started to contract, many individuals received margin calls. They had to deliver more money to their brokers or their shares would be sold. Since many individuals did not have the equity to cover their margin positions, their shares were sold, causing further market declines and further margin calls. This was one of the major contributing factors which led to the Stock Market Crash of 1929, which in turn contributed to the Great Depression. However, as reported in Peter Rappoport and Eugene N. White's 1994 paper published in "The American Economic Review", "Was the Crash of 1929 Expected", all sources indicate that beginning in either late 1928 or early 1929, "margin requirements began to rise to historic new levels. The typical peak rates on brokers' loans were 40–50 percent. Brokerage houses followed suit and demanded higher margin from investors".


title: Margin (finance)

text: For example, Jane buys a share in a company for $100 using $20 of her own money and $80 borrowed from her broker. The net value (the share price minus the amount borrowed) is $20. The broker has a minimum margin requirement of $10. Suppose the share price drops to $85. The net value is now only $5 (the previous net value of $20 minus the share's $15 drop in price), so, to maintain the broker's minimum margin, Jane needs to increase this net value to $10 or more, either by selling the share or repaying part of the loan.


title: Margin (finance)

text: Short selling refers to the selling of securities that the trader does not own, borrowing them from a broker, and using the cash as collateral. This has the effect of reversing any profit or loss made on the securities. The initial cash deposited by the trader, together with the amount obtained from the sale, serve as collateral for the loan. The net value—the difference between the cash amount and the value of loan security—is initially equal to the amount of one's own cash used. This difference has to stay above a minimum margin requirement, the purpose of which is to protect the broker against a rise in the value of the borrowed securities to the point that the investor can no longer cover the loan.


title: Margin (finance)

text: For example, Jane sells a share of stock she does not own for $100 and puts $20 of her own money as collateral, resulting $120 cash in the account. The net value (the cash amount minus the share price) is $20. The broker has a minimum margin requirement of $10. Suppose the share price rises to $115. The net value is now only $5 (the previous net value of $20 minus the share's $15 rise in price), so, to maintain the broker's minimum margin, Jane needs to increase this net value to $10 or more, either by buying the share back or depositing additional cash.


title: Margin (finance)

text: Enhanced leverage is a strategy offered by some brokers that provides 4:1 or 6+:1 leverage. This requires maintaining two sets of accounts, long and short.


title: Margin (finance)

text: The initial margin requirement is the amount of collateral required to open a position. Thereafter, the collateral required until the position is closed is the maintenance requirement. The maintenance requirement is the minimum amount of collateral required to keep the position open and is generally lower than the initial requirement. This allows the price to move against the margin without forcing a margin call immediately after the initial transaction. When the total value of the collateral dips below the maintenance margin requirement, the position holder must pledge additional collateral to bring their total balance back up to or above the initial margin requirement. On instruments determined to be especially risky, however, either regulators, the exchange, or the broker may set the maintenance requirement higher than normal or equal to the initial requirement to reduce their exposure to the risk accepted by the trader. For speculative futures and derivatives clearing accounts futures commission merchants may charge a premium or margin multiplier to exchange requirements. This is typically an additional 10%–25%.


title: Margin (finance)

text: The broker may at any time revise the value of the collateral securities (margin) after the estimation of the risk, based, for example, on market factors. If this results in the market value of the collateral securities for a margin account falling below the revised margin, the broker or exchange immediately issues a "margin call", requiring the investor to bring the margin account back into line. To do so, the investor must either pay funds (the call) into the margin account, provide additional collateral, or dispose some of the securities. If the investor fails to bring the account back into line, the broker can sell the investor's collateral securities to bring the account back into line.


title: Margin (finance)

text: If a margin call occurs unexpectedly, it can cause a domino effect of selling, which will lead to other margin calls and so forth, effectively crashing an asset class or group of asset classes. The "Bunker Hunt Day" crash of the silver market on Silver Thursday, March 27, 1980, is one such example. This situation most frequently happens as a result of an adverse change in the market value of the leveraged asset or contract. It could also happen when the margin requirement is raised, either due to increased volatility or due to legislation. In extreme cases, certain securities may cease to qualify for margin trading; in such a case, the brokerage will require the trader to either fully fund their position, or to liquidate it.


title: Margin (finance)

text: The minimum margin requirement, sometimes called the maintenance margin requirement, is the ratio of (stock equity − leveraged dollars) to stock equity, where "stock equity" is the stock price multiplied by the number of shares bought and "leveraged dollars" is the amount borrowed in the margin account.


title: Margin (finance)

text: For instance, assume that an investor bought 1,000 shares of a company each priced at $50. If the initial margin requirement were 60%, then stock equity = $50 × 1,000 = $50,000 and leveraged dollars (or amount borrowed) = $50,000 × (100% − 60%) = $20,000.


title: Margin (finance)

text: If the maintenance margin changed to 25%, then the customer would have to maintain a net value equal to 25% of the total stock equity. That means that he or she would have to maintain net equity of $50,000 × 0.25 = $12,500. At what price would the investor get a margin call? For stock price "P" the stock equity would be (in this example) 1,000"P".


title: Margin (finance)

text: So if the stock price dropped from $50 to $26.67, then the investor would be called to add additional funds to the account to make up for the loss in stock equity.


title: Margin (finance)

text: Alternatively, one can calculate "P" using formula_1 where "P" is the initial price of the stock. Using the same example to demonstrate this:


title: Margin (finance)

text: Margin requirements are reduced for positions that offset each other. For instance spread traders who have offsetting futures contracts do not have to deposit collateral both for their short position and their long position. The exchange calculates the loss in a worst-case scenario of the total position. Similarly an investor who creates a collar has "reduced" risk since any loss on the call is offset by a gain in the stock, and a large loss in the stock is offset by a gain on the put; in general, covered calls have less strict requirements than naked call writing.


title: Margin (finance)

text: The margin-equity ratio is a term used by speculators, representing the amount of their trading capital that is being held as margin at any particular time. Traders would rarely (and unadvisedly) hold 100% of their capital as margin. The probability of losing their entire capital at some point would be high. By contrast, if the margin-equity ratio is so low as to make the trader's capital equal to the value of the futures contract itself, then they would not profit from the inherent leverage implicit in futures trading. A conservative trader might hold a margin-equity ratio of 15%, while a more aggressive trader might hold 40%.


title: Margin (finance)

text: Return on margin (ROM) is often used to judge performance because it represents the net gain or net loss compared to the exchange's perceived risk as reflected in required margin. ROM may be calculated (realized return) / (initial margin). The annualized ROM is equal to


title: Margin (finance)

text: Sometimes, return on margin will also take into account peripheral charges such as brokerage fees and interest paid on the sum borrowed. The margin interest rate is usually based on the broker's call.


title: Sniper Elite 5

text: Sniper Elite 5 is a 2022 third-person tactical shooter stealth video game developed and published by Rebellion Developments. It is the sequel to "Sniper Elite 4". It was released on 26 May 2022 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S.


title: Sniper Elite 5

text: Similar to its predecessors, "Sniper Elite 5" is a third-person shooter. Similar to "Sniper Elite 4", the game features several large levels, which provide players with various opportunities to infiltrate and extract. When the player kills an enemy using a sniper rifle from a long distance, the X-Ray kill cam system will activate, in which the game's camera follows the bullet from the sniper rifle to the target, and shows body parts, bones or internal body organs being broken or ruptured by the bullet. Weapons in the game can be customized extensively. The single-player campaign can be played cooperatively with another player. The game introduces Invasion mode, which allows a third player to join a game session and play as an enemy sniper. A survival mode, which accommodates up to four players, is also featured.


title: Sniper Elite 5

text: "Sniper Elite 5" takes place following the events of "Sniper Elite 4" in the year 1944, a year before "Sniper Elite V2". SOE sniper Karl Fairburne is attached to an Army Ranger battalion in advance of Operation Overlord to assist with securing a beachhead and the village of Colline-Sur-Mer to help give the Americans a foothold and landing point in France. Upon arrival in the village and rendezvousing with resistance contact Charlie Barton, the Americans submarine is destroyed and Charlie informs Karl that most of the group's contacts have been killed by units led by Obergruppenführer Abelard Möller after discovering information on his involvement in coordinating "Operation Kraken". Fellow contact Marie Chevalier informs the pair that Möller is occupying a nearby chateau and leave to investigate. After breaking in and securing information on "Kraken" from both the chateau and a high ranking meeting taking place at the cathedral Beaumont-Saint-Denis, Möller becomes aware of Fairburne's involvement and his prior notoriety of disrupting high profile Nazi projects.


title: Sniper Elite 5

text: In defiance of Ranger orders, Fairburne infiltrates a factory constructing war machinery and submarine stealth plating and destroys it to disrupt further production. Charlie smuggles him onto an island in the English Channel near Guernsey, where intel from the factory found a prototype U-boat constructed and prepared for testing using the stealth plating previously smuggled onto the island with coordination from the Japanese. Fairburne manages to destroy the submarine adding embarrassment to Nazi high command, but results in Möller redoubling his efforts and proceeding with the project without the test data.


title: Sniper Elite 5

text: Following the Normandy beach landings, Fairburne regroups with the Rangers as part of an airborne landing into France but the unit's glider is shot down near the village of Desponts-Sur-Douve. Fairburne manages to drive out the occupying force allowing the Rangers to reclaim the village before leaving to investigate a facility where additional weapons testing is being done with V-2 rockets. With this and discovering a map of targets that include several major cities in the United States, Fairburne quickly pieces together that "Kraken" is meant to use the U-boats to slip past the Allies deep into the Atlantic Ocean and use the V-2's on civilian targets to deter the United States' war efforts.


title: Sniper Elite 5

text: When Möller contacts the base and unintentionally speaks directly to Fairburne, he panics knowing Fairburne is fully aware of the project and needs to launch immediately before the Allies can react. Fairburne deploys to the town of Saint Nazaire where the U-boat pen is kept under tightened Kriegsmarine security, where he quickly destroys the constructed U-boats as well as several constructed for the Imperial Japanese Navy. With "Kraken" destroyed and fearing for his life, Möller retreats to his chateau to coverup his involvement in the project before going into hiding, but is assassinated by Fairburne before he can escape. As Charlie and Marie celebrate the mission success, Fairburne ponders his next deployment.


title: Sniper Elite 5

text: In March 2019, series developer Rebellion Developments confirmed that they had started the development of "Sniper Elite 5".


title: Sniper Elite 5

text: The game was officially announced during The Game Awards 2021. According to Rebellion, the team used photogrammetry when they were creating the game's levels. Some locations in the game were inspired by Guernsey. The game was released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S on 26 May 2022. Players who pre-ordered the game will gain access to an extra mission named "Target Fuhrer: Wolf Mountain" in which the player must infiltrate Hitler's private retreat in the Alps to eliminate him and his guards.


title: Sniper Elite 5

text: "EGM" called "Sniper Elite 5" "the best game in the series so far", citing its intricate level design, deep weapon customization system, and satisfying gameplay as its strengths, while taking minor issue with its underdeveloped characters and story. "Eurogamer" felt that the title was "a true great of the genre" and "one of the most entertaining games of the year" due to its flexible sandboxes and imaginative interactive representation of World War II. "GameSpot" claimed that the game's strengths rested in the core sniping experience, encouragement of player agency, tense multiplayer invasions, and the robust weapon customization model. "GamesRadar+" stated that the game was "the most well-rounded "Sniper Elite" game" and noted that while the series' core strengths and weaknesses remained present, the Axis Invasion mode elevated it above prior entries in the franchise. "Hardcore Gamer" wrote that the game's variety, between its variance in visual design, "some of the series' best" level design, and Axis Invasion mode, which was lauded as "the best thing about ["Sniper Elite 5"]" were what made it better than its predecessors. "Shacknews" similarly lauded the title, awarding it a 9 out of 10 while also praising the detail of the X-ray kills, but criticized the performance on PC and dated facial animations. "IGN", by contrast, felt that the title felt like "more of an incremental upgrade rather than a major revolution", and voiced disappointment in the recycling of objectives which caused the game's campaign to feel repetitive as a result. The mission "Spy Academy" was often singled out as one of the best missions in the game.


title: Bradley Chubb

text: Bradley Austin Chubb (born June 24, 1996) is an American football outside linebacker for the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at NC State, and was drafted by the Denver Broncos in the first round of the 2018 NFL Draft.


title: Bradley Chubb

text: Chubb was a hybrid linebacker-defensive end at Hillgrove High School, where he helped the Hawks advance to the Georgia 6A quarterfinals as a senior. He officially committed to North Carolina State University on June 24, 2013. Chubb also had offers from Duke, West Virginia, Wake Forest, East Carolina, and others.


title: Bradley Chubb

text: As a freshman, Chubb received marginal playing time, mostly on special teams. He switched from outside linebacker to defensive end before his sophomore season and broke the starting lineup by the beginning of the season.


title: Bradley Chubb

text: As a junior, he continued to start and became a team leader off the field. He finished third in the Atlantic Coast Conference in tackles for loss. During the 2016 Independence Bowl, Chubb sacked Vanderbilt quarterback Kyle Shurmur, which made a favorable impression on Kyle's father Pat Shurmur, who scouted Chubb extensively in early 2018.


title: Bradley Chubb

text: In his senior season, Chubb, after winning a game against then-No. 12 Florida State, ran to midfield at FSU's Doak Campbell Stadium and spat on the Seminole logo in an apparent act of disrespect. He later apologized for the incident. As for a cause, he alluded to a February 2017 Instagram post on which some Florida State players negatively commented. On November 4, 2017, playing Clemson, Chubb took opposing quarterback Kelly Bryant's towel three times. After not eliciting a reaction after the first two, a Clemson offensive lineman held Chubb after the third time until he gave the towel back. Chubb met with officials after the incident but was not penalized. A week later in a game against Boston College, Chubb recorded two and a half sacks to pass Mario Williams as the all-time sack leader in NC State Wolfpack history. In the same game, he also passed Williams to become the Wolfpack leader in tackles for loss.


title: Bradley Chubb

text: During his senior season at NC State, Chubb recorded ten sacks and had almost a third of his 72 total tackles go for a loss. The 23 tackles for loss put him second among NCAA Division I players in 2017. His postseason accolades included being named first-team All ACC, first-team All-America, the Bronko Nagurski Trophy and the Ted Hendricks Award.


title: Bradley Chubb

text: Chubb was projected to go in the first round of the 2018 NFL Draft. Different projections pegged him as going within the top five (as high as first to the Cleveland Browns) or to the Indianapolis Colts at the sixth pick. During the 2018 NFL Scouting Combine, Chubb named Von Miller and Khalil Mack as players whom he models his play after.


title: Bradley Chubb

text: The Denver Broncos selected Chubb in the first round with the fifth overall pick in the 2018 NFL Draft. Chubb was the first defensive end drafted in 2018.


title: Bradley Chubb

text: On June 21, 2018, the Denver Broncos signed Chubb to a fully guaranteed four-year, $27.27 million contract that includes a signing bonus of $17.91 million.


title: Bradley Chubb

text: Chubb entered training camp slated as a starting outside linebacker. Head coach Vance Joseph named Chubb and Von Miller the starting outside linebackers to begin the regular season. They started alongside inside linebackers Todd Davis and Brandon Marshall.


title: Bradley Chubb

text: He made his professional regular season debut and first career start in the Denver Broncos' season-opener against the Seattle Seahawks and recorded three combined tackles and was credited with half a sack during a 27–24 victory. He made his first career sack with teammate Darian Stewart on Seahawks' quarterback Russell Wilson for a six-yard loss during the first quarter. In Week 3, he recorded two solo tackles and made his first career solo sack on Ravens' quarterback Joe Flacco during a 27–14 loss at the Baltimore Ravens. On October 14, 2018, Chubb recorded five combined tackles and made a season-high three sacks on quarterback Jared Goff as the Broncos lost 23–20 against the Los Angeles Rams. The following week, he made three solo tackles, two sacks, and made one forced fumble by quarterback Josh Rosen during a 45–10 win at the Arizona Cardinals in Week 7. For his efforts, Chubb was named NFL Defensive Rookie of the Month for October. In Week 11, he collected season-high seven combined tackles and made one sack during a 23–22 win at the Los Angeles Chargers. He started in all 16 games in 2018 and recorded 60 combined tackles (41 solo), 12 sacks, two forced fumbles, and one pass deflection. He received an overall grade of 68.9 from Pro Football Focus, which ranked 48th among all qualifying edge rushers in 2018. He was ranked 82nd by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2019.


title: Bradley Chubb

text: During Week 4 against the Jacksonville Jaguars, Chubb recorded his first sack of the season on Gardner Minshew in the 26–24 loss.


title: Bradley Chubb

text: At one point, Chubb left the game due to an injury but briefly returned. Later on, it was reported that Chubb had suffered a partial tear of the ACL in his left knee, which prematurely ended his 2019 season.


title: Bradley Chubb

text: In Week 4 against the New York Jets, Chubb recorded his first 2.5 sacks of the season on Sam Darnold during the 37–28 win.


title: Bradley Chubb

text: The Broncos exercised the fifth-year option on Chubb's contract on April 30, 2021, which will guarantee a salary of $12.72 million for the 2022 season. He was placed on injured reserve on September 22, 2021, after undergoing ankle surgery. He was activated on November 27.


title: Bradley Chubb

text: On November 1, 2022, the Broncos traded Chubb along with a 2025 fifth-round pick to the Miami Dolphins in exchange for running back Chase Edmonds, a 2023 first-round pick (pick from San Francisco), and a 2024 fourth-round pick. He then signed a five-year, $110 million extension with $63.2 million guaranteed.


title: Bradley Chubb

text: Chubb's brother, Brandon Chubb, played college football at Wake Forest, and signed as an undrafted free agent with the Los Angeles Rams in 2016. Their father, Aaron, was a late-round draft pick of the New England Patriots in 1989. Chubb is the younger cousin of Nick Chubb, who played for the Georgia Bulldogs, and was drafted by the Cleveland Browns thirty picks after Bradley was drafted, with the thirty-fifth overall pick in the second round of the 2018 NFL Draft.


The 2022–23 UEFA Champions League group stage began on 6 September 2022 and ended on 2 November 2022. A total of 32 teams competed in the group stage to decide the 16 places in the knockout phase of the 2022–23 UEFA Champions League.


title: 2022–23 UEFA Champions League group stage

text: Eintracht Frankfurt made their debut appearance in the group stage, which was their first appearance in the European Cup since their loss in the 1960 final, after winning the 2021–22 UEFA Europa League and this is the first time that five German clubs played in the group stage.


text: A total of 15 national associations were represented in the group stage. This season was the first since the 1995–96 season in which a Turkish side failed to qualify for the group stage. It was also the first time since the 2007–08 season that two Scottish sides qualified for the group stage.


text: The draw for the group stage was held on 25 August 2022, 18:00 CEST (19:00 TRT), in Istanbul, Turkey. The 32 teams were drawn into eight groups of four. For the draw, the teams were seeded into four pots, each of eight teams, based on the following principles:


text: Teams from the same association could not be drawn into the same group. Prior to the draw, UEFA formed pairings of teams from the same association (one pairing for associations with two or three teams, two pairings for associations with four or five teams) based on television audiences, where one team was drawn into Groups A–D and another team was drawn into Groups E–H, so that the two teams would play on different days. The following pairings were announced by UEFA after the group stage teams were confirmed:


text: On each matchday, one set of four groups played their matches on Tuesday, while the other set of four groups played their matches on Wednesday, with the two sets of groups alternating between each matchday. The fixtures were decided after the draw, using a computer draw not shown to public. Each team would not play more than two home matches or two away matches in a row, and would play one home match and one away match on the first and last matchdays (Regulations Article 16.02). This arrangement was different from previous seasons, where the same two teams would play at home on the first and last matchdays.


text: Below are the participating teams (with their 2022 UEFA club coefficients), grouped by their seeding pot. They include:


text: In each group, teams played against each other home-and-away in a round-robin format. The top two teams of each group advanced to the round of 16. The third-placed teams were transferred to the Europa League knockout round play-offs, while the fourth-placed teams were eliminated from European competitions for the season.


text: Teams were ranked according to points (3 points for a win, 1 point for a draw, 0 points for a loss). If two or more teams were tied on points, the following tiebreaking criteria was applied, in the order given, to determine the rankings (see Article 17 Equality of points – group stage, Regulations of the UEFA Champions League):


text: Due to the abolition of the away goals rule, head-to-head away goals were no longer applied as a tiebreaker starting from last season. However, total away goals were still applied as a tiebreaker.


text: The fixtures were announced on 27 August 2022, two days after the draw. The matches were played on 6–7 September, 13–14 September, 4–5 October, 11–12 October, 25–26 October and 1–2 November 2022. The scheduled kick-off times were 18:45 (two matches on each day) and 21:00 (remaining six matches) CET/CEST.


title: Lost Boys (Peter Pan)

text: The Lost Boys are characters from J. M. Barrie's 1904 play "Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up" and later adaptations and extensions to the story. They are boys "who fall out of their prams when the nurse is looking the other way and if they are not claimed in seven days, they are sent far away to the Neverland," where Peter Pan is their captain.


title: Lost Boys (Peter Pan)

text: There are no "lost girls" because, as Peter explains, girls are far too clever to fall out of their prams.


title: Lost Boys (Peter Pan)

text: Tootles is described as the most unfortunate and humblest of the band, because "the big things" and adventures happen while "he has stepped round the corner." This however has not soured but sweetened his nature. He is the one who shoots Wendy with a bow and arrow after Tinker Bell tells them Wendy is a bird that Peter wants killed. When Tootles realises his mistake, he asks Peter to kill him. Wendy however survives, and Tootles is spared. Tootles is the first to defend Wendy when she wants to return to London. When Peter takes possession of "The Jolly Roger," Captain Hook's pirate ship, Tootles takes Smee's place as boatswain. At the end of the novel, he returns to London with Wendy and the other lost boys and eventually grows up to become a judge.


title: Lost Boys (Peter Pan)

text: Nibs is described as happy and debonair, possibly the bravest Lost Boy. The only thing he remembers about his mother is that she always wanted a cheque book and says he would love to give her one—if he knew what it was. He grows up to work in an office.


title: Lost Boys (Peter Pan)

text: Slightly is described as the most conceited of the boys, because he believes that he remembers what life was like before he was "lost." However, most of his "memories" are based on misunderstandings: for example, he claims to know what his last name is because his pinafore had the words "Slightly Soiled" written on the tag. Slightly is a poor make-believer, but he does seem to have a talent for music; he is described as cutting whistles and flutes from the branches of trees and dancing to tunes he creates himself. He grows up to marry into nobility and become a lord.


title: Lost Boys (Peter Pan)

text: Curly is described by Barrie as "a pickle" (a person who gets into pickles) and has curly hair, hence his name. He isn't very smart but is very loveable. Curly is also a little timid but has a kind heart. Curly grows up to work in an office.


title: Lost Boys (Peter Pan)

text: The Twins — First and Second Twin know little about themselves as they are not allowed to because Peter Pan does not know what Twins are, and no Lost Boy is allowed to know anything that Peter doesn't. The Twins grow up to work in an office.


title: Lost Boys (Peter Pan)

text: In the "Peter and the Starcatchers" series, an earlier group of Lost Boys include boys whom Peter knew from St. Norbert's orphanage, and who return to England with the heroine's family at the end of the prequels. This description does not concord with the canon backstory for the Lost Boys, who are not orphaned, but lost as babies.


title: Lost Boys (Peter Pan)

text: In "Peter and the Secret of Rundoon", some other boys from St. Norbert's, who used to be slaves for King Zarboff, end up going to Neverland with Peter. They have the same names as J. M. Barrie's original Lost Boys. By the end of the novel, Prentiss, James, Tubby Ted, and Thomas decide to go back to London with Leonard Aster because they realize they would become men some day and cannot keep up with Peter forever. They leave for the real world and all grow up. Peter and Tinker Bell take in the new, more familiar Lost Boys. However, Peter is reunited with James, who has grown up, in the fourth novel, "Peter and the Sword of Mercy".


title: Lost Boys (Peter Pan)

text: In "Peter Pan in Scarlet", Tootles becomes a girl because he only has daughters to borrow clothes from in order to become a child again and go back to Neverland. He finds his father, who is a judge, too.


title: Lost Boys (Peter Pan)

text: Nibs is the only Lost Boy not to return to Neverland because he can't bear the thought of leaving his children. Because of this he also is the only one who never meets his real parents, stays an orphan and has no chance to learn anything of his earlier life.


title: Lost Boys (Peter Pan)

text: Slightly plays the clarinet and saves the day a couple of times with his music. Slightly grows up to marry a noblewoman and becomes a lord, though he has become a widower at the age of thirty and is the only one of the Lost Boys not to father any children. He gets tricked by the new enemy when he returns to Neverland and grows up, much to Peter's anger. Thanks to his love for music he finds his real mother and after returning to London he is the only Lost Boy who doesn't return to his adult age, but stays eighteen and stays with his mother.


title: Lost Boys (Peter Pan)

text: Curly has become a doctor and is the owner of one of Nana's great-great-puppies, which travels with him to Neverland. He is the one who gives up his youth and childhood to save Peter's life.


title: Lost Boys (Peter Pan)

text: The Twins have grown up to work in an office and their names are revealed to be Marmaduke and Binky. They find their mother and take her back to their house in London.


title: Lost Boys (Peter Pan)

text: In their appearances in the Disney franchise, the Lost Boys are often named after their animal costumes: Fox/Slightly, Rabbit/Nibs, Bear/Cubby, Skunk/Tootles, and the Raccoons/Twins. In Disney's first "Peter Pan" film (1953), the Boys play smaller roles and are less characterized, appearing more as a group than individually. In "Return to Neverland", they are named as their original counterparts (with the exception of Cubby). Tootles is silent in both films, communicating with a pad and pencil in the latter film.


title: Lost Boys (Peter Pan)

text: In Barrie's original works, the Lost Boys leave Neverland and grow up, while in the Disney films they are merely tempted to, but change their minds and choose to remain with Peter Pan. In "Return to Neverland", which takes place many years later, they are still with Peter, and have remained children.


title: Lost Boys (Peter Pan)

text: In the 2023 live-action remake "Peter Pan & Wendy", the Lost Boys are depicted as being more diverse, including girls, people of color, and mentally handicapped or disabled children.


title: Lost Boys (Peter Pan)

text: In Spielberg's sequel "Hook" (1991), there are at least two dozen Lost Boys of various ethnicity living in Neverland, whose clothes suggest that they left various civilisations at different times over the past century. They live in a giant tree on a tall rocky outcropping just offshore of the island. Twins are seen wearing Boy Scout uniforms. The Lost Boys named in the film are:


title: Lost Boys (Peter Pan)

text: The boys are led by Rufio, who was hand-chosen by Peter as leader when he left Neverland to grow up as "Peter Banning." Initially, Rufio refuses to believe that Peter Banning is their former leader, as do most of the boys. However, Tinker Bell and the glimpse of Peter Pan that Pockets sees in Banning's face convince them and they train him for a showdown with Captain Hook. The Lost Boys gradually come to believe in Peter, a turning point being when he manages to beat Rufio in a heated name-calling match. When Peter finally relearns how to fly, Rufio finally recognizes Peter is indeed Peter Pan and gives Peter the Pan sword as a sign of apology and respect. The Lost Boys follow Peter into a climactic battle with Captain Hook and the pirates, armed with improvised childlike weapons. Rufio valiantly takes on Hook while Peter rescues his daughter, Maggie. Hook fatally stabs Rufio, who dies in Peter's arms and declares he regarded Peter as a father. Peter's son Jack, witnessing Rufio's death at the hands of Hook, turns away from the life of a pirate and reconciles with his father. Peter and Hook engage in a duel which culminates in Hook apparently being eaten alive by the momentarily resurrected crocodile that had eaten Hook's hand long ago. Before leaving Neverland, Peter selects Thud Butt to be their new leader, telling him "I want you to take care of everyone who is smaller than you," to which Thud Butt agrees.


title: Lost Boys (Peter Pan)

text: Tootles appears as an old man. He was one of the many "orphans" whom Granny Wendy is said to have found homes for over the decades. He now lives with Wendy because she could not bear to send him to a retirement home. However, he is the first to recognise that Hook has arrived in London and witnesses him abduct the children. He also knows that Peter Banning is Peter Pan and remembers him just as much as Granny Wendy. After Peter and his family arrive at Wendy's house, Peter sees him crawling on the floor, and he explains "I've lost my marbles," which Peter Banning readily agrees with. Later in Neverland, Thud Butt gives Peter a small bag containing Tootles' marbles, revealing that they were his happy thoughts and he lost them literally rather than metaphorically. Once Peter and his children return home, Peter gives Tootles his marbles and rejoices. With the help of some fairy dust that spills out of the bag, he flies out of the window to return to Neverland.


title: Lost Boys (Peter Pan)

text: In the film, the characters retain their personalities. In the end, all of them are adopted by Mr. and Mrs. Darling, like in the original play, except Slightly, who instead is adopted by Aunt Millicent.


title: Lost Boys (Peter Pan)

text: The title of the 1987 film "The Lost Boys" is a reference to Peter Pan's Lost Boys. In the film, the characters retain their youth and gain their powers, including flying, by becoming vampires.


title: Lost Boys (Peter Pan)

text: The Lost Boys appear at the end of "Pan" (2015). Peter rescues Nibs and many other boys from an orphanage so they can have some "fun." They are pulled on to the flying Jolly Roger and Hook refers to them as "Lost Boys."


title: Lost Boys (Peter Pan)

text: Two of the Lost Boys, Cubby and Slightly, appear alongside Peter Pan and Tinker Bell in "Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep". Before that, the Lost Boys appeared in the "Kingdom Hearts" manga as comic relief, fighting Donald Duck over some treasure they found in Captain Hook's ship.


title: Lost Boys (Peter Pan)

text: The Lost Boys appear in the Season 2 finale and in the first episodes of Season 3 of "Once Upon a Time". They are the murderous inhabitants of Neverland and servants of Peter Pan, portrayed by Robbie Kay. The death of Rufio is briefly mentioned by Captain Hook during a fight in the second episode.


title: Tai Tzu-ying

text: Tai Tzu-ying (; born 20 June 1994) is a Taiwanese badminton player. At the age of 22, she became world No. 1 in the women's singles in December 2016, and she is the women's singles player who has held that title for the longest in BWF history, with 213 weeks (as of 2 May 2022). Tai was the women's singles silver medalist in the Tokyo 2020 Olympics and the gold medalist in 2017 Summer Universiade and at the 2018 Asian Games. She has won the year-end tournament BWF Superseries/World Tour Finals three times, and the All England Open thrice as of 2020. She has also won back-to-back Asian Championships titles.


title: Tai Tzu-ying

text: Tai's career began when she was in elementary school, as she was influenced by her father who was a firefighter and the director of Kaohsiung city's badminton committee. Tai started playing badminton in the fourth or fifth grade of elementary school, and in the sixth grade, she played at the National ranking tournament, won the title in the second division, and earning the right to participate in the first division games. She was the youngest player to compete in the first division.


title: Tai Tzu-ying

text: Tai made her debut in an international tournament in 2007 Vietnam International. In 2009, she won the silver medal at the Asian Junior Championships, losing the final match to Chen Xiaojia in straight games. She represented Kaohsiung City in the National Games and went into the quarter-finals. Young Tai began to show her potential when she was 15 years old, as she was able to compete at the senior level and become runner-up at the Vietnam Open a Grand Prix tournament. In December, Tai competed at the East Asian Games for Chinese Taipei, won a bronze medal in the women's singles and helped the team reach the final, settling for a silver medal.


title: Tai Tzu-ying

text: In 2010, she entered the big stage by competing in the Superseries event in Korea Open. In April, she participated at the World Junior Championships in Mexico, but had to retire in the quarter-finals of 9–16 places due to injury. In June, she experienced the most memorable thing during her career as a badminton player, when she reached her first Superseries final on her birthday in Singapore Open. She started in the qualifying draw and went on to reach the final, which she lost to Saina Nehwal in straight games.


title: Tai Tzu-ying

text: In 2011, Tai made good progress by defeating the top ranked player. She defeated Zhu Lin in the first round of the Australian Open, Wang Xin in the first round of Indonesia Open, and in July, she beat the former world champion Lu Lan in the quarter-finals of the U.S. Open which was a Grand Prix Gold tournament, and beat World Junior silver medalists Sayaka Sato in the final, which became the first international title she won at the age of 17. She also reached the semi-finals of the Canada, Vietnam, and French Open, where in France, she defeated China's number 1 Wang Shixian in the quarter-finals.


title: Tai Tzu-ying

text: In the early half of 2012 season, her best achievements were the reaching the semi-finals in the All England Open, and ranked as world number 16. Tai represented her country as the second women's singles behind Cheng Shao-chieh at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. The 18-year-old, ranked 13th in the world and seeded 10th won all matches in the group stage defeating Anu Nieminen of Finland and Victoria Montero of Mexico. Her pace at the Olympics was stopped by the eventual gold medalist from China Li Xuerui in the round of 16. In September, she claimed her first Superseries title in the Japan Open and made history as the youngest player to win a Superseries title (currently the third youngest player, after Ratchanok Intanon who won the India Open in 2013, and Akane Yamaguchi who won the Japan Open in 2013). She was expected to near the upper echelons and future of the women's game by her victory in Japan and increasingly impressive performances by significant wins over some of the top players. In October, she won the Chinese Taipei Open against Lindaweni Fanetri in a close rubber games 21–19, 20–22, 22–20. In November, she competed as the top-seeded player at the World Junior Championships in Chiba, Japan, but fell in the quarter-finals to Sun Yu.


title: Tai Tzu-ying

text: In August 2013, she was recruited by the team Banga Beats to play for them in the Indian Badminton League. In the 2013 BWF Super Series Masters Finals, she defeated Sung Ji-hyun and Porntip Buranaprasertsuk but lost to Wang Shixian. She made it to the semifinals and successfully avenged her loss, beating Wang Shixian. She ended second after losing the final to Li Xuerui.


title: Tai Tzu-ying

text: Tai represented her country at the 2014 Asian Games and won Taiwan's first badminton medal by finishing as the third place. She won the Hong Kong Open in 2014 after beating Nozomi Okuhara of Japan in straight games, 21–19, 21–11. She extended her winning streak to the Superseries Finals in Dubai and won the first title for Taiwan in the Superseries finals by beating Korea's Sung Ji-hyun in straight games.


title: Tai Tzu-ying

text: In 2016, Tai won the Indonesia Open and the Hong Kong Open to reach World No. 1 for the first time in her career. She won the Superseries Finals in Dubai for the second time, becoming the second women's singles player to do so (after Li Xuerui in 2012 and 2013). She also made history by becoming the first women's singles player to reach the finals in the Superseries Finals three times.


title: Tai Tzu-ying

text: Before the 2017 season started, Tai announced that she would skip that year's World Championships in Glasgow. Tai decided to attend the 2017 Summer Universiade not only out of a desire to earn a title for her home country but also for the bigger picture. Since the Summer Universiade was by far the biggest sporting event held in her home country, only second to the Olympic Games, Tai wanted to welcome the world to see Taiwan. President Tsai commended Tai's decision. She won the Special Contribution Award in 2017 Sports Elite Awards.


title: Tai Tzu-ying

text: Tai won her first All England Open title in March 2017, beating Ratchanok Intanon in the finals. In April, Tai won the Malaysia Open as well as the Singapore Open beating Carolina Marín in the finals two times in two weeks. Her titles in Malaysia and Singapore were her fourth and fifth consecutive ones. Later in April, she won another title against Akane Yamaguchi in the Asian Championships held in Wuhan, China, marking a sixth consecutive title. It was also the first gold medal for Taiwan in this competition.


title: Tai Tzu-ying

text: After winning 3 matches for her country in the 2017 Sudirman Cup, Tai extended her winning streak to 27 matches, before losing to Thailand's Nitchaon Jindapol in the quarter-finals.


title: Tai Tzu-ying

text: In 2018, Tai started the season by participating in the Malaysian Master in which she defeated Chen Yufei in the quarter-final and Carolina Marín in a thrilling semi-final, coming from a game down, but lost to Ratchanok Intanon in the final. A week later, at the Indonesia Masters, she won the title after defeating Saina Nehwal of India.


title: Tai Tzu-ying

text: Due to tournament rescheduling, Tai could not defend her 2017 Singapore Open title and lost the world number 1 ranking to Japan's Akane Yamaguchi. But in her next tournament, the Asian Championships, she won the title after defeating Chen Yufei in the final in Wuhan and regained her world no 1 ranking.


title: Tai Tzu-ying

text: In the 2018 BWF World Championship's third round, she defeated Beiwen Zhang from the United States in straight games (21–19, 21–14) and broke the record of the longest winning streak with 31 consecutive matches won (Indonesia Masters, All England Open, Asian Championships, Uber Cup, Malaysia Open, Indonesia Open, BWF World Championships), while the former record of 30 wins was held by Li Xuerui from China. However, she then lost in the next round to China's He Bingjiao 18–21, 21–7, 13–21.


title: Tai Tzu-ying

text: In the 2018 Asian Games, held in Jakarta, she won the gold medal by beating P. V. Sindhu in straight games in the final, which became her first big title in her career. After crowning the women's singles' title of 2018 Denmark Open, her ranking points reached 101,517. She became the second player in the women's singles category to break 100,000 points, while the first was Li Xuerui from China, who led the points by 101,644. Although she lost the final game of the 2018 French Open, she still won 9,350 points, by deleting her 2017 French Open 9,200 points, her points came to 101,667 eventually, becoming the highest points holder in the women's singles category history. Tai qualified to compete at the World Tour Finals and was placed as the top seed. In the group stage, she was placed in Group A along with Akane Yamaguchi, P. V. Sindhu and Beiwen Zhang. In her first match, she defeated Zhang 21–15, 21–17; lost to Sindhu 21–14, 16–21, 18–21. However, she retired with an injury in her third group stage match against Yamaguchi after losing the first game 17–21 and trailing 12–11 in the second game. Tai did not reveal the nature of the injury or how it occurred.


title: Tai Tzu-ying

text: In 2019, she reached the quarter-final stage of the Malaysia Masters, losing to the same opponent of last year and arch-rival Ratchanok Intanon in straight games. In March, she advanced to the final of the All England Open for the third straight time, however she unexpectedly lost to the Chinese Chen Yufei, after 11 straight victories over her. She came back and claimed back to back titles at the Malaysia Open and Singapore Open; beating the Japanese Akane Yamaguchi and Nozomi Okuhara respectively in the finals in straight games. In July, she was unable to defend her title at the Indonesia Open, after losing in the semi-finals to Akane Yamaguchi. Her jinx at the World Championships continued further after she lost to P. V. Sindhu of India in the quarter-finals in 3 games 21–12, 21–23, 19–21. This was her 5th straight quarter-final loss at the World Championships.


title: Tai Tzu-ying

text: She reached the final of the China Open, where she lost to insurgent Carolina Marín in three games. She reached the semi-finals of the Korea Open. She claimed her third title of the year at the Denmark Open further defending her title there. She beat Nozomi Okuhara in straight games.


title: Tai Tzu-ying

text: She continued her good form and reached the semi-finals of the French Open and Fuzhou China Open. She competed at the World Tour Finals. In the group stage, she beat Ratchanok Intanon and Busanan Ongbamrungphan, and assured herself of a semi-final spot. She avenged her loss in the Group Stage to Nozomi Okuhara in the semi-final and reached the final again after three years. Despite a good performance, she couldn't stand right against Chen Yufei and lost the final with 21–12, 12–21, 17–21 scoreline.


title: Tai Tzu-ying

text: Tai commenced the year by competing at the Malaysia Masters as the first seed. She finished as runner-up after losing to Chen Yufei in straight games. In her fourth straight All England Open final this year, she won the coveted title for the third time, thereby becoming only the second female player after Ye Zhaoying (1996–99) to clinch three titles by contesting 4 consecutive finals in this tournament. In the final, she beat Chen Yufei with the score of 21–19, 21–15, with this, she avenged her last year's defeat to Chen at this stage. She had to settle for the second best at the two consecutive Thailand Open super 1000 events in January, 2021 after losing to Carolina Marín in both occasions in straight games. She finally defeated Marín at the BWF World Tour Finals while contesting her 5th end-of-season championships final, and winning it for the third time. She claimed victory over her opponent in three games. Tai has been named the BWF Female Player of the Year 2020–2021.


title: Tai Tzu-ying

text: Tai Tzu Ying won the All England 2020 and then struck a rich vein of form at the three-tournament Asian Leg in January 2021, making all three finals, and clinching the BWF World Tour Finals 2020. Tai then made the final of the Tokyo Olympics, and won a silver medal after being defeated by the top seed Chen Yufei in an intense match, 18–21, 21–19, 18–21.


title: Tai Tzu-ying

text: Tai plays an offensive game, with many calling her style unpredictable and often spontaneous. She is a very adventurous player with a disguised nature of shots, seemingly able to hit the shuttle from just about anywhere with a great range of shots and angles. Also remarkable is her very relaxed hitting action.


title: Tai Tzu-ying

text: She has a strong backhand and good net-play, while her biggest fault is being inconsistent at times. Tai also has strong stamina and is very athletic.


title: Tai Tzu-ying

text: Tai herself said that she does not follow a certain play or style, and focuses on herself rather than her opponent or any strategies. Tai has clocked fast smashes, with one of the fastest recorded being 360 km/h at the 2016 All England Open quarter-finals, despite her preference of playing slowly to set up shots.


title: Tai Tzu-ying

text: Tai's prodigious talent and deceptive shot-making has earned compliments of many, including BWF commentator Gillian Clark, who often compliments her talented shot-making and has said that Tai is one of the best players to watch in women's singles.


title: Tai Tzu-ying

text: The BWF World Tour, which was announced on 19 March 2017 and implemented in 2018, is a series of elite badminton tournaments sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF). The BWF World Tour is divided into levels of World Tour Finals, Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, Super 300, and the BWF Tour Super 100.


title: Tai Tzu-ying

text: The BWF Superseries, which was launched on 14 December 2006 and implemented in 2007, was a series of elite badminton tournaments, sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF). BWF Superseries levels were Superseries and Superseries Premier. A season of Superseries consisted of twelve tournaments around the world that had been introduced since 2011. Successful players were invited to the Superseries Finals, which were held at the end of each year.


title: Tai Tzu-ying

text: The BWF Grand Prix had two levels, the Grand Prix and Grand Prix Gold. It was a series of badminton tournaments sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF) and played between 2007 and 2017.


title: Tai Tzu-ying

text: Record against Year-end Finals finalists, World Championships semi-finalists, and Olympic quarter-finalists. Accurate as of 30 October 2022.


title: Tai Tzu-ying

text: During the period of the 2016 Summer Olympics, Yonex provided unfit shoes to non-contract Tai. This forced Tai to wear other shoes made by her personal sponsor brand, Victor, without any logos. This event caused a controversy with the Chinese Taipei Badminton Association.


title: Maestro (character)

text: The Maestro is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Peter David and artist George Pérez, the character first appeared in "The Incredible Hulk: Future Imperfect" "#1" (Dec. 1992). Depicted as an evil version of the Hulk from an alternate future (designated by Marvel Comics as Earth-9200), the Maestro possesses Bruce Banner's intelligence and the Hulk's strength and more malevolent personality traits.


title: Maestro (character)

text: The Maestro has appeared in video games, and made his animation debut in "Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H.", voiced by Fred Tatasciore.


title: Maestro (character)

text: The Maestro first appeared as the main antagonist in "The Incredible Hulk: Future Imperfect" #1-2 (Dec. 1992–Jan. 1993). The character was created by Peter David and George Pérez.


title: Maestro (character)

text: After a devastating nuclear war destroyed most of the human race, the Hulk and a group of other radiation-empowered heroes were captured by A.I.M. and MODOK with the goal of eventually analysing their physiologies to recreate their immunity to radiation. However, about one hundred years afterwards, the Hulk (now operating in a state where he had Bruce Banner's intelligence) broke out of the VR machine they were using to keep him contained and decided to work on rebuilding the world himself. Travelling to America, he became disheartened with the state of the country, including the destruction of the Hoover Dam and Mount Rushmore, until he found people still alive under Washington. The initial entrance was guarded by the Machine Man, who led the Hulk to the 'Maestro' who ruled this group of survivors, the Hulk swiftly recognising him as Hercules. After Hercules punched the Hulk away just to affirm their old status as sparring partners, Hulk meets with Rick Jones, who explains that Hercules is now only interested in ruling humans and having sparring matches or sex. Although the Hulk expresses little interest in helping ordinary people for the sake of helping them after they caused the apocalypse, when Rick reminds him that most of the people close to Hulk were just normal humans, he infiltrates the remains of Alchemax to create the Dogs of War to oppose Hercules's forces. Hercules entered the fray and fought off the Dogs of War. He then goaded Hulk into a fight and easily bested him, and Hercules spared his life to make him a part of his entourage. Hulk however wanted to make amends, and vanished for a number of years before returning with U-Foes member Vapor, who Hulk had seduce Hercules to get close to him so she could then kill him by poisoning him. Hulk then turned on Vapor by freezing her, shattering her into pieces, and having those pieces buried over a vast area so she could never regenerate. As Hulk tried to publicly cremate Hercules' corpse, he sprung back to life, sent by Hades to enact his revenge. Hercules proved too powerful a physical threat and even the Dogs of War were no challenge for him. When a former member of Rick Jones' rebels unleashed a weapon designed by Forge years previously to kill Hulk, the evil Hulk managed to evade the weapon before his ally the Minister used it to execute Hercules once and for all. Hulk then went to confront Rick about his friends' failed attempt to kill him but found Rick and his artifacts gone. Rick then communicated with Hulk remotely, comparing him to his father, before trying to kill him with a bomb. However, Hulk survived the explosion.


title: Maestro (character)

text: Maestro developed a new movement he called Post-Apocalyptic Existence, or PAX, which would destroy the remaining division in humanity and replace it with a single overlord: himself. Maestro implemented this movement by expanding his domain beyond Dystopia to surrounding areas like Connecticut and the underground community living beneath Washington, D.C., though the community escaped and destroyed their home to spite Maestro. Maestro also joined forces with Doctor Doom to destroy both A.I.M. and Maestro's former team, the Pantheon, as they were the two organizations that remained that threatened their plans to rule the world. When A.I.M. and the Pantheon were vanquished, Maestro and Doom turned on each other, leading to a fight between the two that led to Doom's retreat.


title: Maestro (character)

text: Driven insane by the devastation of everything he has lost, along with the excess radiation he absorbed after the nuclear fallout, the Hulk eventually adopted the title of the new 'Maestro', while gaining even greater strength than before from absorbing the excess radiation after the nuclear holocaust.


title: Maestro (character)

text: An elderly Rick Jones encounters the reality-hopping mutant Proteus, who has possessed the body of an alternate reality Hulk from the year 2099. Proteus intends to discard his current body and possess the Maestro. Jones, unaware of his plan, provides a weapon created by the X-Man Forge, which might be able to kill Maestro. However, the plan fails when the Maestro is warned by the Exiles, who are pursuing Proteus. Proteus possesses a new host and flees to another world, breaking the Maestro's neck during his escape.


title: Maestro (character)

text: Years later, the Maestro (fully recovered from his injury) encounters a time traveling Genis-Vell and Spider-Man from 2099. Manipulated by the supervillain Thanatos, the three battle. Genis-Vell and Spider-Man 2099 eventually return to their own time, with no consequence for the Maestro, when the elderly Rick uses his ability to wield Thor's hammer Mjolnir to defeat Thanatos.


title: Maestro (character)

text: Acquiring Doctor Doom's time machine, the rebels opposing the Maestro bring the Professor Hulk forward from the past, hoping that he can defeat the Maestro. Although Hulk's ability to improvise allows him to score some effective blows against the Maestro, the Maestro's superior strength and experience, combined with his knowledge of the Hulk's strategies, allow him to easily dominate the Hulk and break his neck. Knowing Hulk will soon heal, he shows Hulk around the city, attempting to convince his younger self to side with him, but realizes that the Hulk is pretending to be more injured than he is with the intention of launching an attack. The Maestro is defeated when the Hulk lures him back into the rebel's base—the Maestro throwing Rick Jones into Wolverine's skeleton in the process— subsequently using Doom's time machine to send the Maestro back to the time and place that the Hulk was created: ground zero during the testing of the atomic Gamma Bomb. Appearing next to the bomb itself, Maestro is killed in the same moment that creates the Hulk.


title: Maestro (character)

text: Hulk learns that the "homing sense" that has always allowed him to locate ground zero, his "birth" place, is actually attracted to the Maestro's spirit and remains. The Maestro has been absorbing gamma radiation from the Hulk each time he returns to the site, gradually restoring himself. He emerges, initially in a weakened and emaciated form. The exhausted Maestro attempts to use the Destroyer against the Hulk, but he is driven out when the Hulk manages to transmit his soul into the Destroyer as well, exploiting the fact that the Maestro is still technically him, and forces the Maestro back into his body, which is last seen buried in a small rockslide.


title: Maestro (character)

text: When the Hulk was "upgraded"' to the persona of Doc Green (a version of the Hulk with access to Banner's intellect after being treated with Extremis following being shot in the head), he began to experience dream-like visions of the Maestro while hunting down and 'curing' all other gamma-based mutations, creating the possibility that Doc Green would eventually become his dark future self, starting with him contemplating growing a beard. However, Doc Green eventually recognized the potential dangers of the 'Maestro' aspects of his personality when he realized that part of him enjoyed eliminating his 'rivals', deciding to accept the eventual loss of his intellect as Extremis wore off rather than risk that persona emerging. He leaves the last injection of the cure with She-Hulk, who is the only gamma mutation whose life he felt had been legitimately enhanced by her condition. He instructs her to use it on him if he goes too far.


title: Maestro (character)

text: At some point, the Maestro (or possibly an alternate universe version of him) is sent back in time alongside the "Days of Future Past" version of Wolverine as part of a secret assignment. The two end up battling their present-day Earth-616 counterparts before being forced to flee. They are sent back to an alternate future where Red Hulk is the president of the United States of America, where it is revealed that he sent the two to kill the Earth-616 version of Red Hulk in order to save the world.


title: Maestro (character)

text: When Spider-Man 2099 attempts to return to his own time after the events of "Spider-Verse", he ends up in a world accidentally devastated by Alchemax and ruled by the Maestro, who mistakes Miguel for the original Spider-Man. The Maestro beats Miguel into submission, and places him in a cell with Strange 2099. The Maestro then travels back to present day by having the demon possessing Strange manipulate Miguel into repairing Doctor Doom's Time Platform. The Maestro timeline is described by Miguel O'Hara as having overwritten the 2099 timeline he originated from. Miguel seemingly manages to slay the Maestro with a weapon from the villain's trophy room, but it is later shown that the Maestro feigned defeat in order to follow Miguel back to the present.


title: Maestro (character)

text: A Maestro from an unidentified alternate reality arrived in the "Old Man Logan" reality where he rounded up the surviving members of the Hulk Gang as he makes plans to help them build a paradise for all Hulks on Earth-616. With help from Cambria Banner, Logan and Hawkeye of Earth-616 were able to defeat Maestro and the surviving members of the Hulk Gang went their separate ways.


title: Maestro (character)

text: Later on, it is revealed Maestro recovered from his wounds and went on to conquer a small town in Northern Canada called Fort Wells, ruling as "the King" and executing anyone who defies him. Logan eventually tracks him down, and after injecting himself with the dangerous regenerative drug Regenix, cuts Maestro's head off, ending his reign of terror.


title: Maestro (character)

text: After Doctor Doom incorporates the "Future Imperfect" timeline into his new Battleworld as seen in the "Secret Wars", the Maestro resurfaces as the ruler of one of the planet's domains called Dystopia. He poses as a depowered Odin in order to gain the trust of the resistance movement, and confronts the resistance's leader Thunderbolt Ross (this reality's version of Thing). After a brutal fight, the Maestro offers to release Dystopia from his tyrannical rule if Ross can help him kill God Emperor Doom. To this end, the Maestro sets out to find the Destroyer in another zone of Battleworld. Although he tracks it to a region of Asgardia where it is guarded by Ulik, he is shocked to learn that its final line of defense is the 'Ancient One'... an elderly Rick Jones. After merging with the Destroyer, the Maestro kills God Emperor Doom and conquers Battleworld. However, it is revealed that the entire battle was an illusion that has ensnared Maestro. Believing himself to be victorious, Maestro reverts to his human form, with Rick stating that he'll now remain trapped in the illusion until he eventually withers and dies. Maestro was eventually released from the illusion he was trapped on by God Emperor Doom and is seen helping him against the riots in Doomstadt.


title: Maestro (character)

text: Eight months later as part of Marvel's All-New, All-Different Marvel branding, the Maestro is seen working for the Collector as his "Summoner" in the new Contest of Champions. The Collector apparently saved the Maestro from his fate and feels the villain owes him his life as a result, though the Maestro is less than grateful. He is seen scheming to find a way to kill the Collector and escape his servitude. After assuming control of the Power Primordial contained within the Iso-Sphere that the Grandmaster and Collector were competing for, Maestro recreates Battleworld since he had previously vowed that he would become the God-King of Battleworld. The Maestro is ultimately thwarted when Outlaw, one of the heroes who had previously been captured and forced to fight, destroys the Iso-Sphere. An outraged Maestro later awakens to find himself as a captive in the Collector's display room.


title: Maestro (character)

text: The Maestro largely shared the same powers as the Hulk, but a greater degree than most incarnations due to the century's worth of radiation he has absorbed resulting in these nuclear wars that decimated his Earth (the present day Hulk speculated that his insanity might also contribute to this higher strength). This includes certain mental powers, such as the Hulk's ability to see and interact with astral forms shown in "The Defenders" series. Although he possesses Banner's intellect, the Maestro has rarely demonstrated his technical expertise and implies to have built Dystopia himself. At one point, he manipulated Miguel O'Hara into repairing a time machine for him, rather than doing it himself.


title: Maestro (character)

text: The Maestro appears in the "Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H." episode "Enter the Maestro", voiced by Fred Tatasciore. This version is the result of the Hulk being exposed to excess radiation from a gamma meteor, which increased his power but drove him insane and eventually turned him into the Maestro. Going by the nickname "Old Man Hulk", he travels back in time ostensibly to help his past self and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. stop a gamma meteor from hitting Earth while secretly working to preserve his existence and future. However, A-Bomb's future self also traveled back in time to warn the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. of the Maestro's plot. With the Agents' help, the future A-Bomb is able to cure the Hulk, changing the future and causing himself and the Maestro to fade from existence.


title: Carlos Vives

text: Carlos Alberto Vives Restrepo (born 7 August 1961) is a Colombian singer, songwriter and actor. He is known for his interpretation of traditional music styles of Colombia such as vallenato, cumbia, champeta, bambuco and porro as well as genres such as Latin pop, reggaeton, dance pop and tropical music.


title: Carlos Vives

text: Having sold over 30 million records worldwide, Vives is one of the best-selling Latin music artists of all time. He is regarded as one of the most influential artists in the world. Vives was selected as #45 on both the Greatest of All Time Latin Artists and Top Latin Artists 2010s. by Billboard (magazine)


title: Carlos Vives

text: His hits include "Volvi a Nacer", "La Gota Fría", "Pa' Mayte", "La Tierra del Olvido", "Fruta Fresca", "Robarte un Beso", (a collaborative effort with fellow Colombian singer Sebastián Yatra), "La Bicicleta" (with Shakira) and "Canción Bonita" (which he worked on with Ricky Martin).


title: Carlos Vives

text: He also performed the Lin-Manuel Miranda-penned theme song ("Colombia, Mi Encanto") for the Disney animated feature film Encanto, which won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature.


title: Carlos Vives

text: In 2019, Vives was chosen by Billboard magazine as one of the Top Latin Artists of the 2010s (number 45 out of 100).


title: Carlos Vives

text: Vives is also a successful actor. His roles as the titular character in the soap opera Gallito Ramírez and as Rafael Escalona in Escalona, a story about the famous Colombian composer of the same name, are among his most important and well-remembered appearances.


title: Carlos Vives

text: Carlos Vives was born on 7 August 1961 in Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia, where he spent his first 12 years of life. At that age, he and his family moved to Bogotá in search of a better life. He enrolled at Jorge Tadeo Lozano University and holds a degree in Advertising from the university. In Bogotá, he also acquired a taste for rock, getting involved in the local music scene, and started playing in bars and cafés around the city.


title: Carlos Vives

text: In 1982, Vives began acting in a number of shows and telenovelas including "Pequeños Gigantes" (""Little Giants"" – 1983) and "Tuyo es Mi Corazón" (""Yours Is My Heart"" – 1985). He finally found fame in 1986 by playing the title role of "Gallito Ramírez", which told the story of a Colombian Caribbean coast boxer who falls in love with an uptight girl, who was portrayed by his first wife, Margarita Rosa de Francisco. That same year, he released his first album, Por Fuera y Por Dentro. The album, primarily made of ballads, failed to gain any success.


title: Carlos Vives

text: In 1987, he released his second ballad album, No Podrás Escapar de Mí. Though the title track reached No. 30 on the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks, the album did not sell well. His next album, Al Centro de la Ciudad, would become his last album to feature synthesizer-romantic ballads. Some of the songs got some attention being featured in telenovelas, but the album, just as its predecessors, failed to gain success.


title: Carlos Vives

text: In 1989, he was offered an acting job in Puerto Rico, and upon moving, he took a break in his music career. He is remembered for his leading roles in the soaps La Otra and Aventurera. He married Herlinda Gómez, his second wife (they have since divorced). Vives would spend his time between Colombia, Miami and the city of Mayagüez, Herlinda's hometown, during his marriage to her.


title: Carlos Vives

text: Upon his return to Colombia in 1991, he was offered a TV role that would change his life forever. He was cast in the leading role of a fantasy series based in the life of vallenato composer Rafael Escalona unsurprisingly titled "Escalona". He sang the composer's songs in the series, and that's when he retooled his career towards vallenato, gaining national success with the release of the Telenovela's two soundtrack albums, "" and "".


title: Carlos Vives

text: In 1993, backed by the band "La Provincia", Vives released the album Clásicos de la Provincia in which he started fusing Vallenato with rock, pop and other Caribbean Colombian ethnic rhythms. This fusion scandalized Vallenato purists. "Clásicos de la Provincia", won the Billboard Latin Music Awards Best Album, introducing Vallenato to both Colombia and the rest of the world.


title: Carlos Vives

text: The follow-up album, "La Tierra del Olvido" would mark a further step in Vives' desire to fusion rock, funk and pop music with traditional Colombian genres. The album gave Vives classic hits such as the title track, and the up-tempo opening track "Pa' Mayte".


title: Carlos Vives

text: His subsequent releases, "Tengo Fé" (1997), "El Amor de Mi Tierra" (1999), "Déjame Entrar" (2001) and "El Rock de Mi Pueblo" (2004), were all commercially successful and were well received by the critics. In 2002 Carlos Vives' album "Déjame Entrar" won him his first Grammy award for Best Traditional Tropical Latin Album.


title: Carlos Vives

text: In 2009 he released the album "Clásicos de la Provincia II", which was sold exclusively in Colombian supermarket chain "Almacenes Éxito." The album saw Vives' return to covering Vallenato songs in his own style.


title: Carlos Vives

text: His hits include "Matilde Lina", "La Hamaca Grande", "La Gota Fría", "Alicia Adorada", "Pa' Mayte", "La Tierra del Olvido", "Tu Amor Eterno", "Fruta Fresca", "Déjame Entrar", "Luna Nueva", "Carito", "Papadio", "Como Tú" and "Décimas Del Parecido" (this last one a tribute to Guillermo Martínez, a Cuban-born radio host who resides in Mayagüez, and for whose program Vives was an occasional master control technician).


title: Carlos Vives

text: With more than 40 songs written in 2012, the new album was released in April 2013 and featured 11 tracks. The first single, "Volví a Nacer", was released in September 2012 and went straight to No. 1 on Billboard. The second single, "Como Le Gusta a Tu Cuerpo" featuring Michel Teló was released in late January 2013. Carlos appeared with fellow artists Ricardo Montaner, Fanny Lu, and Andrés Cepeda as one of the coaches for the first season of the vocal competition series phenomenon The Voice Colombia, which premiered October 2012 via Colombian TV network Caracol TV.


title: Carlos Vives

text: On 27 May 2016, "La Bicicleta" with fellow Colombian singer Shakira was released as a single. The video for the song was filmed in Colombia in each of their home cities. The song debuted at the number one spot on Billboard's US Latin Airplay chart and number four on the US Hot Latin Songs chart.


title: Carlos Vives

text: On 13 September 2018, Telemundo announced Carlos Vives as the fourth coach of . Vives joins Luis Fonsi, Alejandra Guzman and Wisin as coaches on the Spanish-language version of NBC singing-competition "The Voice".


title: Carlos Vives

text: Vives was married to the Colombian actress Margarita Rosa de Francisco in a relationship that was closely followed by the national media. Puerto Rican Herlinda Gómez was his second wife, with whom he had two children: Carlos Enrique Vives and Lucía Vives. He is now married to former Miss Colombia Claudia Elena Vásquez and they have two children: Elena Vives, and Pedro Vives. He spends his time between Miami and Colombia, mainly Santa Marta and Bogotá.


title: Carlos Vives

text: A Latin Grammy Award is awarded by the Latin Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences. Carlos Vives has won 11 awards from 43 nominations.


title: Carlos Vives

text: A Premio Nuestra Tierra is an accolade that recognize outstanding achievement in the Colombian music industry. Carlos Vives has received 8 awards from 24 nominations.


title: Carlos Vives

text: The World Music Awards is an international awards show founded in 1989 that annually honors recording artists based on worldwide sales figures provided by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI).


title: Temple of Heaven

text: The Temple of Heaven () is a complex of imperial religious buildings situated in the southeastern part of central Beijing. The complex was visited by the Emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties for annual ceremonies of prayer to Heaven for a good harvest. The Temple of Heaven was inscribed as a World Heritage site in 1998 and was described as "a masterpiece of architecture and landscape design which simply and graphically illustrates a cosmogony of great importance for the evolution of one of the world's great civilizations..." as the "symbolic layout and design of the Temple of Heaven had a profound influence on architecture and planning in the Far East over many centuries."


title: Temple of Heaven

text: The temple complex was constructed from 1406 to 1420 during the reign of the Yongle Emperor of Ming Dynasty, who was also responsible for the construction of the Forbidden City in Beijing. It is currently located in Dongcheng Beijing, China. The complex was extended and renamed Temple of Heaven during the reign of the Jiajing Emperor in the 16th century. JiaJing also built three other prominent temples in Beijing, the Temple of the Sun (日壇) in the east, the Temple of Earth (地壇) in the north, and the Temple of Moon (月壇) in the west. The Temple of Heaven was renovated in the 18th century under the Qianlong Emperor. By then, the state budget was insufficient, so this was the last large-scale renovation of the temple complex in imperial times.


title: Temple of Heaven

text: The temple was occupied by the Anglo-French alliance during the Second Opium War. In 1900, during the Boxer Rebellion, the Eight-Nation Alliance occupied the temple complex and turned it into the force's temporary command in Peking, which lasted for one year. With the downfall of the Qing, the temple complex was left un-managed. The neglect of the temple complex led to the collapse of several halls in the following years.


title: Temple of Heaven

text: In 1914, Yuan Shikai, then President of the Republic of China, performed a Ming prayer ceremony at the temple, as part of an effort to have himself declared Emperor of China. In 1918 the temple was turned into a park and for the first time open to the public.


title: Temple of Heaven

text: The Temple grounds cover of parkland and comprises three main groups of constructions, all built according to strict philosophical requirements:


title: Temple of Heaven

text: In ancient China, the Emperor of China was regarded as the "Son of Heaven", who administered earthly matters on behalf of, and representing, heavenly authority. To be seen to be showing respect to the source of his authority, in the form of sacrifices to heaven, was extremely important. The temple was built for these ceremonies, mostly comprising prayers for good harvests.


title: Temple of Heaven

text: Twice a year the Emperor and all his retinue would move from the Forbidden City through Beijing to encamp within the complex, wearing special robes and abstaining from eating meat. No ordinary Chinese was allowed to view this procession or the following ceremony. In the temple complex the Emperor would personally pray to Heaven for good harvests. The highpoint of the ceremony at the winter solstice was performed by the Emperor on the Earthly Mount. The ceremony had to be perfectly completed; it was widely held that the smallest of mistakes would constitute a bad omen for the whole nation in the coming year.


title: Temple of Heaven

text: Earth was represented by a square and Heaven by a circle; several features of the temple complex symbolize the connection of Heaven and Earth, of circle and square. The whole temple complex is surrounded by two cordons of walls; the outer wall has a taller, semi-circular northern end, representing Heaven, and a shorter, rectangular southern end, representing the Earth. Both the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests and the Circular Mound Altar are round, each standing on a square yard, again representing Heaven and Earth.


title: Temple of Heaven

text: The number nine represents the Emperor and is evident in the design of the Circular Mound Altar: a single round marmor plate is surrounded by a ring of nine plates, then a ring of 18 plates, and so on for a total of nine surrounding rings, the outermost having 9×9 plates.