title: Mimar Sinan

text: At the start of Sinan's career, Ottoman architecture was highly pragmatic. Buildings were repetitions of former types and were based on rudimentary plans. They were more an assembly of parts than a conception of a whole. An architect could sketch a plan for a new building and an assistant or foreman knew what to do, because novel ideas were avoided. Moreover, architects used an extravagant margin of safety in their designs, resulting in a wasteful use of material and labour. Sinan would gradually change all this. He was to transform established architectural practices, amplifying and transforming the traditions by adding innovations, trying to approach perfection.


title: Mimar Sinan

text: During these years he continued the traditional pattern of Ottoman architecture, but he gradually began exploring other possibilities, because during his military career he had had the opportunity to study the architectural monuments in the conquered cities of Europe and the Middle East.


title: Mimar Sinan

text: His first opportunity to design a major building was the Hüsrev Pasha Mosque and its double medresse in Aleppo, Syria. It was built in the winter of 1536-1537 for his commander-in-chief and the governor of Aleppo between two army campaigns. It was built hastily and this is evident in the coarseness of execution and the crude decoration.


title: Mimar Sinan

text: His first major commission as the royal architect was the construction of the Haseki Sultan Complex for Hurrem Sultan, the wife of the sultan, Suleiman the Magnificent. He had to follow the plans drawn by his predecessors. Sinan retained the traditional arrangement of the available space without any innovations. Nevertheless, it was already better built than the Aleppo mosque and it shows a certain elegance. However, it has suffered from many restorations. Sinan is credited to have built a defensive tower in Vlorë, south Albania, in 1537, very similar to the White Tower of Thessaloniki, as well as Muradie Mosque, during Suleiman the Magnificent's stay in the town for the preparation of his expedition towards Italy.


title: Mimar Sinan

text: In 1541, he started the construction of the mausoleum ("türbe") of the Grand Admiral Hayreddin Barbarossa. It stands on the shore of Beşiktaş on the European part of Istanbul, at the site where his fleet used to assemble. Oddly enough, the admiral is not buried there, but in his türbe next to the Iskele mosque. This mausoleum has been severely neglected since then.


title: Mimar Sinan

text: Mihrimah Sultan, the only daughter of Suleiman and Hurrem and wife of the Grand Vizier Rüstem Pasha gave Sinan the commission to build a mosque with "medrese" (college), an "imaret" (soup kitchen) and a (Qur'an school) in Üsküdar. The "imaret" no longer exists. This Iskele Mosque (or Jetty mosque) already shows several hallmarks of Sinan's mature style: a spacious, high-vaulted basement, slender minarets, single-domed baldacchino, flanked by three semi-domes ending in three exedrae and a broad double portico. The construction was finished in 1548. The construction of a double portico was not a first in Ottoman architecture, but it set a trend for country mosques and mosques of viziers in particular. Rüstem Pasha and Mihrimah required them later in their three mosques in Constantinople and in the Rüstem Pasha Mosque in Tekirdağ. The inner portico traditionally have stalactite capitals while the outer portico has capitals with chevron patterns ("baklava").


title: Mimar Sinan

text: When sultan Suleiman the Magnificent returned from another Balkan campaign, he received news that his son Şehzade Mehmed had died at the age of twenty-two. In November 1543, not long after Sinan had started the construction of the Iskele Mosque, the sultan ordered Sinan to build a new major mosque with an adjoining complex in memory of his favourite son. This Şehzade Mosque would become larger and more ambitious than his previous ones. Architectural historians consider this mosque as Sinan's first masterpiece. Obsessed by the concept of a large central dome, Sinan turned to the plans of mosques such as the Fatih Pasha Mosque in Diyarbakır or the Piri Pasha Mosque in Hasköy. He must have visited both mosques during his Persian campaign. Sinan built a mosque with a central dome, this time with four equal half-domes. This superstructure is supported by four massive, but still elegant, free-standing octagonal fluted piers and four piers incorporated in each lateral wall. In the corners, above roof level, four turrets serve as stabilizing anchors. This coherent concept already is markedly different from the additive plans of traditional Ottoman architecture. Sedefkar Mehmed Agha would later copy the concept of fluted piers in his Sultan Ahmed Mosque in an attempt to lighten their appearance. Sinan, however, rejected this solution in his next mosques.


title: Mimar Sinan

text: By 1550, Suleiman the Magnificent was at the height of his powers. Having built a mosque for his son, he felt it was time to construct his own imperial mosque, an enduring monument larger than all the others, to be built on a gently sloping hillside dominating the Golden Horn. Money was no problem, since he had accumulated a treasure from the loot of his campaigns in Europe and the Middle East. He gave the order to Sinan to build a mosque, the Süleymaniye, surrounded by a külliye consisting of four colleges, a soup kitchen, a hospital, an asylum, a hamam, a caravanserai and a hospice for travellers ("tabhane"). Sinan, now heading a formidable department with a great number of assistants, finished this formidable task in seven years. Before Süleymaniye, no mosques had been built with half cubic roofs. He got the idea of half cubic roof design from the Hagia Sophia. Through this monumental achievement, Sinan emerged from the anonymity of his predecessors. Sinan must have known the ideas of the Renaissance architect Leone Battista Alberti (who in turn had studied "De architectura" by the Roman architect and engineer Vitruvius), since he too was concerned in building the ideal church, reflecting harmony through the perfection of geometry in architecture. But, contrary to his Western counterparts, Sinan was more interested in simplification than in enrichment. He tried to achieve the largest volume under a single central dome. The dome is based on the circle, the perfect geometrical figure representing, in an abstract way, a perfect God. Sinan used subtle geometric relationships, using multiples of two when calculating the ratios and the proportions of his buildings. However, in a later stage, he also used divisions of three or ratios of two to three when working out the width and the proportions of domes, such as the Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque at Kadırga.


title: Mimar Sinan

text: While he was fully occupied with the construction of the Süleymaniye, Sinan or his subordinates drew up the plans and gave instructions for many other constructions. Sinan built a mosque for the Grand Vizier Pargalı İbrahim Pasha and a mausoleum ("türbe") at Silivrikapı (Constantinople) in 1551.


title: Mimar Sinan

text: The next Grand Vizier, Rüstem Pasha gave Sinan several more commissions. In 1550 he built a large inn ("han") in the Galata district of Istanbul. About ten years later he built another "han" in Edirne, and between 1544 and 1561 the Taṣ Han at Erzurum. He designed a caravanserai in Eregli and an octagonal madrasah in Constantinople.


title: Mimar Sinan

text: Between 1553 and 1555, Sinan built the Sinan Pasha Mosque at Beşiktaş, a smaller version of the Üç Şerefeli Mosque at Edirne, for the Grand Admiral Sinan Pasha. This proves again that Sinan had thoroughly studied the work of other architects, especially since he was responsible for the upkeep of these buildings. He copied the old form, pondered over the weaknesses in the construction and tried to solve this with his own solution. In 1554, Sinan used the form of the Sinan Pasha mosque again for the construction of the mosque for the next Grand Vizier Kara Ahmet Pasha in Constantinople, his first hexagonal mosque. By using a hexagonal plan, Sinan could reduce the side domes to half-domes and set them in the corners at an angle of 45 degrees. Clearly, Sinan must have appreciated this form, since he repeated it later in mosques such as the Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque at Kadırga and the Atik Valide Mosque at Üsküdar.


title: Mimar Sinan

text: In 1556, Sinan built the Haseki Hürrem Sultan Hamamı, replacing the antique Baths of Zeuxippus, which are still standing close to the Hagia Sophia. This would become one of the most beautiful hamams he ever constructed.


title: Mimar Sinan

text: In 1559, he built the Cafer Ağa madrasah below the forecourt of the Hagia Sophia. In the same year he began the construction of a small mosque for Iskender Pasha at Kanlıka, beside the Bosphorus. This was one of the many minor and routine commissions the office of Sinan received over the years.


title: Mimar Sinan

text: In 1561, when Rüstem Pasha died, Sinan began the construction of the Rüstem Pasha Mosque, as a memorial supervised by his widow Mihrimah Sultan. It is situated just below the Süleymaniye. This time the central form is octagonal, modelled on the monastery church of Saints Sergius and Bacchus, with four small semi-domes set in the corners. In the same year, Sinan built a türbe for Rüstem Pasha in the garden of the Şehzade Mosque, decorated with the finest tiles Iznik could produce. Mihrimah Sultan, having doubled her wealth after the death of her husband, now wanted a mosque of her own. Sinan built the Mihrimah Mosque at Edirnekapı (Edirne Gate) for her on the highest of the seven hills of Constantinople. He raised the mosque on a vaulted platform, accentuating its hilltop site. There is some speculation concerning the dates; until recently this was supposed to be between 1540 and 1540, but now it is generally accepted to be between 1562 and 1565. Sinan, concerned with grandeur, built a mosque in one of his most imaginative designs, using new support systems and lateral spaces to increase the area available for windows. He built a central dome high and wide, supported by pendentives, on a square base with two lateral galleries, each with three cupolas. At each corner of this square stands a gigantic pier, connected with immense arches each with 15 large windows and four circular ones, flooding the interior with light. The style of this revolutionary building was as close to the Gothic style as Ottoman structure permits.


title: Mimar Sinan

text: In 1566 Sinan completed the Banya Bashi Mosque in Sofia, Bulgaria, currently the only functioning mosque in the city. His first mosque in Sofia was built in 1528; popularly known as "Imaret Mosque" or "Black Mosque" due to the dark colour of its building stone, it was damaged by an earthquake and abandoned in the 19th century.


title: Mimar Sinan

text: In the 1560s he built the Kirkcesme water supply system for Istanbul. It is seen as a masterpiece of his work. It spans 55 km and includes 35 aqueduct bridges, 4 of which are notable for their height (up to 35m) as well as their length (up to 700m).


title: Mimar Sinan

text: Between 1560 and 1566 Sinan built a mosque in Constantinople for Zal Mahmud Pasha on a hillside beyond Ayvansaray. Sinan certainly conceived the plans and partly supervised the construction, but left the building of lesser areas to less than competent hands, since Sinan and his most able assistants were about to begin his masterpiece, the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne. On the outside, the mosque rises high, with its east wall pierced by four tiers of windows. This gives the mosque an aspect of a palace or even a block of apartments. Inside, there are three broad galleries making the interior look compact. The heaviness of this structure makes the dome look unexpectedly lofty. These galleries look like a preliminary try-out for the galleries of the Selimiye Mosque.


title: Mimar Sinan

text: In this late stage of his life, Sinan tried to create unified and sublimely elegant interiors. To achieve this, he eliminated all the unnecessary subsidiary spaces beyond the supporting piers of the central dome. This can be seen in the Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque in Kadırga, Istanbul (1571–1572) and in the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne. In other buildings of his final period, Sinan experimented with spatial and mural treatments that were new in the classical Ottoman architecture.


title: Mimar Sinan

text: According to him from his autobiography "Tezkiretü'l-Bünyan", his masterpiece is the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne. Breaking free of the handicaps of traditional Ottoman architecture, this mosque marks the climax of Sinan's work and of all classical Ottoman architecture. While it was being built, the architect's saying of ""You can never build a dome larger than the dome of Hagia Sophia and specially as Muslims"" was his main motivation. When it was completed, Sinan claimed that it had the largest dome in the world, leaving Hagia Sophia behind. In fact, the dome height from the ground level was lower and the diameter barely larger (0.5 meters, approximately 2 feet) than the millennium-older Hagia Sophia. However, measured from its base the dome of Selimiye is higher. Sinan was more than 80 years old when the building was finished. In this mosque he finally realized his aim of creating the optimum, completely unified, domed interior: a triumph of space that dominates the interior. He used this time an octagonal central dome (31.28 m wide and 42 m high), supported by eight elephantine piers of marble and granite. These supports lack any capitals but have squinches or consoles at their summit, leading to the optical effect that the arches seem to grow integrally out of the piers. By placing the lateral galleries far away, he increased the three-dimensional effect. The many windows in the screen walls flood the interior with light. The buttressing semi-domes are set in the four corners of the square under the dome. The weight and the internal tensions are hidden, producing an airy and elegant effect rarely seen under a central dome. The four minarets (83 m high) at the corners of the prayer hall are the tallest in the Muslim world, accentuating the vertical posture of this mosque that already dominates the city.


title: Mimar Sinan

text: He also designed the Sulaymaniyya Takiyya in Damascus, Syria, considered to have marked the introduction of the Ottoman architectural style to the city. He has also built Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge across the Drina River in Višegrad, Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.


title: Mimar Sinan

text: At the start of his career as an architect, Sinan had to deal with an established, traditional domed architecture. His training as an army engineer led him to approach architecture from an empirical point of view, rather than from a theoretical one. He started to experiment with the design and engineering of single-domed and multiple-domed structures. He tried to obtain a new geometrical purity, a rationality and a spatial integrity in his structures and designs of mosques. Through all this, he demonstrated his creativity and his wish to create a clear, unified space. He started to develop a series of variations on the domes, surrounding them in different ways with semi-domes, piers, screen walls and different sets of galleries. His domes and arches are curved, but he avoided curvilinear elements in the rest of his design, transforming the circle of the dome into a rectangular, hexagonal or octagonal system. He tried to obtain a rational harmony between the exterior pyramidal composition of semi-domes, culminating in a single drumless dome, and the interior space where this central dome vertically integrates the space into a unified whole. His genius lies in the organization of this space and in the resolution of the tensions created by the design. He was an innovator in the use of decoration and motifs, merging them into the architectural forms as a whole. He accentuated the centre underneath the central dome by flooding it with light from the many windows. He incorporated his mosques in an efficient way into a complex ("külliye"), serving the needs of the community as an intellectual centre, a community centre and serving the social needs and the health problems of the faithful.


title: Mimar Sinan

text: When Sinan died, classical Ottoman architecture had reached its climax. No successor was gifted enough to better the design of the Selimiye Mosque and to develop it further. His students retreated to earlier models, such as the Şehzade mosque. Invention faded away, and a decline set in.


title: Mimar Sinan

text: During his tenure during 50 years of the post of imperial architect, Sinan is said to have constructed or supervised 476 buildings (196 of which still survive), according to the official list of his works, the "Tezkiretü'l-Ebniye". He could not possibly have designed them all, but he relied on the skills of his office. He took credit and the responsibility for their work. For, as a janissary, and thus a slave of the sultan, his primary responsibility was to the sultan. In his spare time, he also designed buildings for the chief officials. He delegated to his assistants the construction of less important buildings in the provinces.


title: Mimar Sinan

text: Sinan died in AH 996 (1587–88 CE) and is buried in a tomb in Istanbul, a "türbe" of his own design, just to the north of the Süleymaniye Mosque, across a street named Mimar Sinan Caddesi in his honour. He was buried near the tombs of his greatest patrons: Sultan Süleyman I and Sultana Haseki Hürrem, Suleiman's wife. Above the iron-grilled prayer window of his tomb is an epitaph written in Ottoman Turkish by the poet Mustafa Sai. It gives the year of his death and records that Sinan built 400 masjids (small mosques), 80 Friday mosques and the Kanuni Sultan Suleiman bridge at Büyükçekmece.


title: Mimar Sinan

text: In 1935, his remains were exhumed by a group of Turkish scholars. Proponents of the racial science popular at the time, they claimed that measurements of Sinan's skull proved that he was actually Turkish. As of 2016, the skull is missing.


title: Mimar Sinan

text: and a 7 500 000 lira coin of 2001 (in the "millennium" series), also on 6 postage stamps: 100 lira 1957 (400th anniversary of the opening of the Suleymaniye Mosque), 50 lira 1988 (400th anniversary of Sinan's death) and a set of 4 issued on 14 November 2007 (60, 70, 70 & 80 Kurus - Sinan and his works).


title: Mimar Sinan

text: Sinan is portrayed in Elif Shafak's 2013 novel "The Architect's Apprentice", with the fictional main character becoming his apprentice.


title: Simone Singh

text: She made her acting debut with the television series "Sea Hawks" followed by a small role in "Swabhimaan", in 1995. She played the title role in another popular television series "Heena", which gave her wide recognition and was the highest rated show on Indian television at the time. She has been also praised for the role of Sakshi Goenka, a cunning and powerful woman, in "Ek Hasina Thi".


title: Simone Singh

text: She played roles in a few other movies and has been acclaimed for her role in "Being Cyrus", co-starring Boman Irani, Dimple Kapadia and Saif Ali Khan. She also played a small role in the blockbuster movie "Kal Ho Na Ho".


title: Simone Singh

text: She is the first Indian TV actress to present at the International Emmy Awards in NYC. And she served on the jury of the first International Emmy Awards held in India in 2005.


title: Tyler Hilton

text: Tyler James Hilton (born November 22, 1983) is an American singer-songwriter and actor. Hilton began his professional career in music in 2000. "Rolling Stone magazine" compared him to his contemporary, Howie Day, while others have compared Hilton to Elton John, both vocally and instrumentally.


title: Tyler Hilton

text: Since the release of his debut album, Hilton has ventured into acting, guest starring on The CW's "One Tree Hill" as the talented but arrogant Chris Keller, and playing the role of Elvis Presley in the Johnny Cash biopic "Walk the Line". He also appeared in Taylor Swift's music video "Teardrops on My Guitar" and Gloriana's music video "(Kissed You) Good Night".


title: Tyler Hilton

text: Hilton was born in Palm Springs, California, the son of Kristy (née Herren) and Robert George Hilton. Raised in Bermuda Dunes, California, Hilton grew up around music and began teaching himself Elvis Presley songs at an early age. After a brief stint in Northern California, his family moved back to the Palm Springs area, where he wrote his first song about a girl named Rhian with whom he attended school. Hilton's family made another move back to Coachella Valley for high school, where, at La Quinta High School, he started a band with some of his classmates. The band did not go anywhere, so Hilton began to enter open mic nights and went to local coffee shops to play his own music.


title: Tyler Hilton

text: Hilton lives in Los Angeles. He became engaged to actress Megan Park, whom he met on the set of "Charlie Bartlett", in 2006, and they married on October 10, 2015. The couple has one daughter, born in 2019.


title: Tyler Hilton

text: Hilton heard a local radio station was giving away Jonny Lang concert tickets and called into The Mark & Brian radio show on KLOS in Los Angeles at the age of 16. While on the phone, he sang an a cappella version of Jonny Lang’s song "Breakin' Me". Mark & Brian were so impressed with Hilton's performance that they gave him a spot at the station's Christmas concert. Word of Hilton caught the ear of Maverick Records (owned by Warner Bros. Records), who signed him up with a record deal when he was 18. Hilton released a self-titled EP on April 6, 2004. All four songs were included on his first album "The Tracks of Tyler Hilton" released on September 28, 2004. After the release of his album, Hilton joined the likes of Avril Lavigne, Jet, 50 Cent, and Josh Groban as an artist chosen by AOL Breaker for his star potential.


title: Tyler Hilton

text: In addition to his own albums, Hilton has also appeared on each of the three different "One Tree Hill" soundtrack albums, some with formerly unreleased material that cannot be found anywhere else. Most notably, the cover of the Ryan Adams song "When the Stars Go Blue", which was arranged into a duet with One Tree Hill star Bethany Joy Lenz for the show; also, a cover of "Missing You" by John Waite and the original track "You'll Ask For Me". In 2005, he was part of a 23-city concert tour along with Lenz, The Wreckers and Gavin Degraw. During the summer of that year, he opened for Hilary Duff on her "Still Most Wanted Tour".


title: Tyler Hilton

text: His EP, "Better on Beachwood", which features three songs was released in May 2009. "Ladies & Gentlemen", another EP followed in April 2010 and features five songs. Both EPs are available on iTunes.


title: Tyler Hilton

text: For five years, Hilton worked on an album called "The Storms We Share". The album, containing some songs of "Ladies & Gentlemen", was planned to be released in the late summer of 2010. However, when the direction changed at Warner Bros. Records, Hilton left the label resulting in the material not being released.


title: Tyler Hilton

text: On January 11, 2012, Hilton released a free song called "Loaded Gun" from his upcoming album "Forget the Storm" on his website and was featured in the season 9 premiere episode of "One Tree Hill" following his return as Chris Keller. Hilton also debuted two songs from the album called "Kicking My Heels" and "Prince of Nothing Charming" on the show. On February 14, 2012, "Prince of Nothing Charming", the first single from Hilton's upcoming album "Forget the Storm," was made available on iTunes. On March 7, 2012, Hilton revealed via Twitter that "Forget The Storm", his first full-length LP since 2004, would be released on April 3, 2012. The album was produced by David Hodges among others and released through Hilton's own label, Hooptie Tune Records. He chose to title it "Forget the Storm" as a reference to his unreleased album, "The Storms We Share", and described it as "a little more rock and roll." Hilton began a tour in the United States with Dion Roy and "Dakota and Will" in March 2012 which ended mid June 2012. He also toured with Boyce Avenue in the UK and Ireland in June 2012 until July 2012 and will return late October 2012 on his own headlining tour after more US shows, wrapping up the year with shows back in the US. On December 7, 2016, Hilton release a new single called "Next To You" on iTunes; It was recorded on his Forget The Storm Deluxe Version as an acoustic version.


title: Tyler Hilton

text: In 2017, Tyler Hilton released his cover of "Stay" by Rihanna and released his most recent single "Overtime" on August 15, 2017.


title: Tyler Hilton

text: After his stint as Chris Keller on "One Tree Hill", Hilton went on to appear in the Academy Award-winning film "Walk the Line" as a young Elvis Presley. For the part, Hilton was given the opportunity to cover two Elvis songs for the film: "Milk Cow Blues" and "That's All Right". Both songs are featured on the film's award-winning soundtrack.


title: Tyler Hilton

text: In 2007, Hilton played the love interest in country music artist Taylor Swift's music video for her song "Teardrops on My Guitar" and appeared in the 2008 film "Charlie Bartlett". He was with "Charlie Bartlett" co-star and now wife Megan Park in the music video for the band Gloriana's song "(Kissed You) Good Night" released in January 2012.


title: Tyler Hilton

text: Hilton also performed in a Season 4 episode of "My Super Sweet Sixteen" (Amberly) during a young girl's sweet 16 party. He also appeared on VH1's "Single Ladies".


title: Tyler Hilton

text: After a five-year break from "One Tree Hill", Hilton returned as a regular for its ninth and final season.


title: Lucy McBath

text: Lucia Kay McBath (née Holman; born June 1, 1960) is an American politician serving as the U.S. representative from Georgia's 6th congressional district. The district, once represented by Republican Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich, includes many of Atlanta's affluent northern suburbs, such as Alpharetta, Roswell, Johns Creek, Dunwoody, Sandy Springs, Brookhaven, and parts of Tucker and Marietta. McBath is a member of the Democratic Party.


title: Lucy McBath

text: McBath's son, Jordan Davis, was murdered in November 2012. She then became an advocate for gun control, joining other mothers of black murder victims to form the Mothers of the Movement, and spoke at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.


title: Lucy McBath

text: McBath ran for the House of Representatives in 2018, defeating Republican incumbent Karen Handel and defeating her again in 2020. McBath switched to the 7th district after redistricting in 2020 made the 6th significantly more favorable to Republicans; she defeated the 7th's incumbent, Carolyn Bourdeaux, in the Democratic primary and won the general election.


title: Lucy McBath

text: McBath was born in Joliet, Illinois, on June 1, 1960. Her father, Lucien Holman, was a dentist who owned "The Black Voice", an African-American newspaper, and served as president of the NAACP's Illinois chapter. Her mother, Wilma, worked as a nurse. Lucy has a sister, Lori.


title: Lucy McBath

text: McBath attended Virginia State University and graduated with a bachelor's degree in political science in 1982. After college, she worked as an intern for former Virginia governor Douglas Wilder. In the 1990s, she became a flight attendant for Delta Air Lines and relocated to Atlanta, where Delta is headquartered.


title: Lucy McBath

text: In 2012, McBath's 17-year-old son, Jordan Davis, was shot and killed following an argument at a gas station in Florida about loud music. The shooting and its aftermath received national attention, and prompted discussion about controversial self-defense laws, commonly known as stand-your-ground laws. Her son's killer, Michael Dunn, was convicted of first-degree murder and was sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole.


title: Lucy McBath

text: Following her son's death, McBath joined Moms Demand Action for Gun Sense in America as a national spokeswoman. She attended a speech by President Barack Obama on gun violence at the White House and supported the My Brother's Keeper Challenge. McBath also joined the gun control advocacy group Mothers of the Movement, which consists of African American women whose children have been killed by gun violence. McBath opposed campus carry legislation in Florida.


title: Lucy McBath

text: McBath campaigned actively for Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential election and spoke on her behalf at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.


title: Lucy McBath

text: McBath created a foundation, Champion In The Making Legacy, to help high school graduates continue their education and training.


title: Lucy McBath

text: McBath appeared in a 2015 documentary film, "3 1/2 Minutes, 10 Bullets", that explored her son's shooting. She also appeared in the 2015 documentary film "The Armor of Light", in which Rob Schenck, an anti-abortion Evangelical minister, discusses gun violence in America; "The Armor of Light" won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Social Issue Documentary.


title: Lucy McBath

text: McBath credits her decision to run for office to a meeting with State Representative Renitta Shannon, who urged her to run. Several other factors contributed to her decision, including the election of Donald Trump and the undoing of previously enacted gun control measures.


title: Lucy McBath

text: After initially planning to run for the Georgia House of Representatives against incumbent Republican Sam Teasley in 2018, she decided after the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting to instead challenge Karen Handel, the incumbent Republican in the United States House of Representatives representing .


title: Lucy McBath

text: Although the 6th has historically tilted Republican, Handel was thought to be vulnerable. Trump barely carried the district in 2016. Handel defeated Jon Ossoff in a hotly contested 2017 special election that remains the most expensive U.S. House race in American history.


title: Lucy McBath

text: In the Democratic Party primary election on May 22, McBath led all challengers with 36% of the vote. She defeated Kevin Abel, the second-place finisher, in the July 24 runoff election with 53.7% of the vote.


title: Lucy McBath

text: McBath faced Handel in the November general election and declared victory with 159,268 votes, surpassing Handel's 156,396 with 100% of precincts reporting. She became the first Democrat to represent this district since it moved to Atlanta's northern suburbs in 1993. Indeed, she was the first Democrat to garner even 40% of the vote in a general election for the district since Gingrich left office in 1999. A number of reports described McBath as the first Democrat to represent this district since Gingrich won it in 1978. But for his first seven terms, Gingrich represented a district that stretched across a swath of exurban and rural territory south and west of Atlanta; he transferred to the reconfigured 6th after the 1990 census.


title: Lucy McBath

text: "The Atlanta Journal-Constitution" called McBath's victory "the biggest Georgia Democratic upset of the 2018 midterms."


title: Lucy McBath

text: McBath was discussed as a possible candidate in the 2020 Georgia Senate special election. According to "The Hill", Democrats considered her "one of the top potential contenders" for the seat. But she declined to run for that office, saying she preferred to continue focusing on her work in the House.


title: Lucy McBath

text: McBath raised $620,000 in the fourth quarter of 2019. As of the end of 2019, she had $1.3 million cash on hand for her reelection bid. 93% of her contributions came from small-dollar donors.


title: Lucy McBath

text: She won the November 3 general election with 54.2% of the vote in a rematch against Karen Handel. She got a significant boost from Joe Biden carrying the district with 55% of the vote, the first time a Democrat had carried the district at the presidential level in its present configuration as a northern suburban district.


title: Lucy McBath

text: In the 2021 redistricting session, McBath's district was significantly altered by Republican state legislators. Its share of heavily Democratic DeKalb County was cut out, replaced by conservative exurban counties such as Forsyth and Cherokee. The new configuration shifts the district from one that voted for Biden by double digits to one that voted for Trump by double digits, likely securing the seat for Republicans in the 2022 elections. Reports speculated that McBath could run in another district.


title: Lucy McBath

text: In November 2021, McBath announced that she would run for reelection in the 7th district. Currently held by fellow Democrat Carolyn Bourdeaux, the district absorbed most of the more Democratic portions of the old 6th in redistricting, making it significantly bluer than its predecessor. McBath defeated Bordeaux in the Democratic primary.


title: Lucy McBath

text: McBath cosponsored the Honoring American Veterans in Extreme Need ("HAVEN") Act, which gives disabled veterans bankruptcy protections.


title: Lucy McBath

text: McBath co-sponsored legislation to extend Pell Grant eligibility to college students if their school closed or if school officials committed institutional fraud or misconduct.


title: Lucy McBath

text: McBath supports legal abortion. She has said she supports funding programs that give women "autonomy over their reproductive decisions".


title: Lucy McBath

text: McBath supports changes to the Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare. She opposes Medicare for All.


title: Lucy McBath

text: McBath supports expanding Medicaid in Georgia, and would lower the age of Medicare eligibility to 55.


title: Lucy McBath

text: McBath has said she is critical of some of the 2017 Republican tax cuts, but would like to make the temporary middle-class tax cuts permanent.


title: Lucy McBath

text: McBath voted for the Raise the Wage Act, which would increase the federal minimum wage to $15 per hour. Before voting for the bill, the centrist New Democrat coalition (of which McBath is a part) secured some changes: a longer timeline to phase in the wage increases, and provisions that would pause wage increases if a federal study shows adverse economic impacts.


title: Lucy McBath

text: McBath initially decided to run for Congress because she believed the government was not doing enough to prevent gun violence. She supports universal background checks before purchasing a firearm, as well as red flag laws to keep guns out of the hands of people at risk of violence.


title: Lucy McBath

text: During the 2018 election, McBath vowed to respect Second Amendment rights. She also promised to push for "implementing background checks for all firearm purchases; raising the minimum age to purchase a gun to 21 years of age; working to defeat conceal carry reciprocity measures; and introducing legislation to keep guns out of the hands of domestic abusers and other criminals."


title: Lucy McBath

text: Before the Trump-Ukraine scandal, McBath had been cautious about impeaching President Donald Trump, or opposed it outright. For instance, in the aftermath of the Mueller investigation, McBath was one of 137 Democrats to vote to kill an impeachment resolution.


title: Lucy McBath

text: In October 2019, McBath voted in favor of launching an impeachment inquiry into Trump. She sits on the House Judiciary Committee, which has been tasked with handling some impeachment-related business. During a town hall event, she said she had felt "furious" about "the lack of accountability" from the Trump administration, due to what she called a lack of responsiveness to congressional subpoenas. At the same event, she said, "I don't like having to [participate in the impeachment process]. ... I don't want to have to say this about our President of the United States and the White House."


title: Lucy McBath

text: On December 18, 2019, McBath voted for articles of impeachment against Trump on the House Judiciary Committee.


title: Lucy McBath

text: As of August 2021, McBath had voted in line with President Joe Biden's stated position 100% of the time.


title: Lucy McBath

text: McBath grew up in a military family; her father, brother, nephew and cousin all served in the US military in some capacity. McBath has survived two bouts of breast cancer. She is married to Curtis McBath. They live in Marietta.


title: Lucy McBath

text: McBath often speaks of tragedies she has faced. In 1993, she was rushed to the emergency room while pregnant with her first son, Lucien. She suffered a fetal demise and was admitted to the hospital to deliver Lucien naturally. A year later, she was pregnant again and gave birth to her son Jordan Davis. McBath is deeply religious and named him after the River Jordan in the Bible. In 2012, Davis was murdered.


title: S corporation

text: An S corporation, for United States federal income tax, is a closely held corporation (or, in some cases, a limited liability company (LLC) or a partnership) that makes a valid election to be taxed under Subchapter S of Chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code. In general, S corporations do not pay any income taxes. Instead, the corporation's income and losses are divided among and passed through to its shareholders. The shareholders must then report the income or loss on their own individual income tax returns.


title: S corporation

text: S corporations are ordinary business corporations that elect to pass corporate income, losses, deductions, and credits through to their shareholders for federal tax purposes.


title: S corporation

text: The term "S corporation" means a "small business corporation" which has made an election under § 1362(a) to be taxed as an S corporation.


title: S corporation

text: The S corporation rules are contained in Subchapter S of Chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code (sections 1361 through 1379). The United States Congress, acting on the Department of Treasury's suggestion of 1946, created this chapter in 1958 as part of a larger package of miscellaneous tax items. S status combines the legal environment of C corporations with U.S. federal income taxation similar to that of partnerships.


title: S corporation

text: As with partnerships, the income, deductions, and tax credits of an S corporation flow through to shareholders annually, regardless of whether distributions are made. Thus, income is taxed at the shareholder level and not at the corporate level. Payments to S shareholders by the corporation are distributed tax-free to the extent that the distributed earnings were previously taxed.


title: S corporation

text: Like a C corporation, an S corporation is generally a corporation under the law of the state in which the entity is organized. However, with modern incorporation statutes making the establishment of a corporation relatively easy, firms that might traditionally have been run as partnerships or sole proprietorships are often run as corporations with a small number of shareholders in order to take advantage of the beneficial features of the corporate form; this is particularly true of firms established prior to the advent of the modern limited liability company. Therefore, taxation of S corporations resembles that of partnerships.


title: S corporation

text: Unlike a C corporation, an S corporation is not subject to the 10 percent of taxable income limitation applicable to charitable contribution deductions.


title: S corporation

text: A limited liability company (LLC) is eligible to be taxed as an S corporation under the check-the-box regulations at § 301.7701-2. The LLC first elects to be taxed as a corporation, at which point it becomes a corporation for tax purposes; then it makes the S corporation election under section 1362(a).


title: S corporation

text: Shareholders must be U.S. citizens or residents (not nonresident), and must be natural persons, so corporations and partnerships are ineligible shareholders. However, certain trusts, estates, and tax-exempt corporations, notably 501(c)(3) corporations, are permitted to be shareholders. An S corporation may be a shareholder in another, subsidiary S corporation if the first S corporation owns 100% of the stock of the subsidiary corporation, and an election is made to treat the subsidiary corporation as a "qualified subchapter S subsidiary" (QSub). After the election is made, the subsidiary corporation is not treated as a separate corporation for tax purposes, and all "assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit" of the QSub are treated belonging to the parent S corporation.


title: S corporation

text: Spouses (and their estates) are automatically treated as a single shareholder. Families, defined as individuals descended from a common ancestor, plus spouses and former spouses of either the common ancestor or anyone lineally descended from that person, are considered a single shareholder as long as any family member elects such treatment.


title: S corporation

text: An S corporation may only have one class of stock. A single class of stock means that all outstanding shares of stock confer "identical rights to distribution and liquidation proceeds," i.e. profits and losses are allocated to shareholders proportionately to each one's interest in the business. § 1.1361-1(l)(1). Differences in voting rights are disregarded, which means that an S corporation may have voting and nonvoting stock. If a corporation meets the foregoing requirements and wishes to be taxed under Subchapter S, its shareholders may file Form 2553: "Election by a Small Business Corporation" with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). The Form 2553 must be signed by all of the corporation's shareholders. If a shareholder resides in a community property state, the shareholder's spouse generally must also sign the 2553.


title: S corporation

text: The S corporation election must typically be made by the fifteenth day of the third month of the tax year for which the election is intended to be effective, or at any time during the year immediately preceding the tax year. Congress has directed the IRS to show leniency with regard to late S elections. Accordingly, often, the IRS will accept a late S election. If a corporation that has elected to be treated as an S corporation ceases to meet the requirements (for example, if as a result of stock transfers, the number of shareholders exceeds 100 or an ineligible shareholder such as a nonresident acquires a share), the corporation will lose its S corporation status and revert to being a regular C corporation.


title: S corporation

text: An S corporation's election will also terminate if, for each of three consecutive years, (i) its passive investment income exceeds 25% of gross receipts and (ii) it has accumulated earnings and profits. § 1362(d)(3). An S corporation will only have accumulated earnings and profits if it was a C corporation at some time, or acquired or merged with a C corporation.


title: S corporation

text: The S election affects the treatment of the corporation for Federal income tax purposes. The election does not change the requirements for that corporation for other Federal taxes such as FICA and Federal unemployment taxes.


title: S corporation

text: While an S corporation is not taxed on its profits, the owners of an S corporation are taxed on their proportional shares of the S corporation's profits.


title: S corporation

text: Actual distributions of funds, as opposed to distributive shares, typically have no effect on shareholder tax liability. The term "pass through" refers "not" to assets distributed by the corporation to the shareholder, but instead to the portion of the corporation's income, losses, deductions or credits that are reported to the shareholder on Schedule K-1 and are shown by the shareholder on his or her own income tax return. However, a distribution to a shareholder that is in excess of the shareholder's basis in his or her stock is taxed to the shareholder as capital gain.


title: S corporation

text: Quarterly estimated taxes must be paid by the individual to avoid tax penalties, even if this income is "phantom income".


title: S corporation

text: Widgets Inc., an S-Corp, makes $10,000,000 in net income (before payroll) in 2006 and is owned 51% by Bob and 49% by John. Keeping it simple, Bob and John both draw salaries of $94,200 (which is the Social Security Wage Base for 2006, after which no further Social Security tax is owed).


title: S corporation

text: Employee salaries are subject to FICA tax (Social Security & Medicare tax)—currently 15.3 percent (6.2% Social Security paid by the employee; 6.2% Social Security paid by the employer; 1.45% employee Medicare and 1.45% employer Medicare). The distribution of the additional profits from the S corporation will be done without any further FICA tax liability.


title: S corporation

text: If for some reason, Bob (as the majority owner) were to decide not to distribute the money, both Bob and John would still owe taxes on their pro-rata allocation of business income, even though neither received any cash distribution. To avoid this "phantom income" scenario, S corporations commonly use shareholder agreements that stipulate at least enough distribution must be made for shareholders to pay the taxes on their distributive shares.


title: S corporation

text: S corporations that have previously been C corporations may also, in certain circumstances, pay income taxes on untaxed profits that were generated when the corporation operated as a C corporation. This is very common with uncollected accounts receivable or appreciated real estate.


title: S corporation

text: For example, if an S corporation that was formerly a C corporation sells an appreciated asset (such as real estate) and the appreciation occurred during the time the corporation was a C corporation, the S corporation will probably pay C corporation taxes on the appreciation—even though the corporation is now an S corporation. This Built In Gain (BIG) tax rate is 35% on the appreciated property, but is only realized if the BIG property is sold within 10 years (starting from the first day of the first tax year of conversion to S-Corp status). The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 reduced that 10-year recognition period to seven years (if that seventh year precedes either 2009 or 2010). The Small Business Jobs Act of 2010 further reduced the recognition period to five years.


title: S corporation

text: If a shareholder owns more than 2% of the outstanding stock, amounts paid for group health insurance for that shareholder are included on their W-2 as "wages". The same applies to amounts contributed to Health Savings Accounts (HSA).


title: S corporation

text: Form 1120S generally must be filed by March 15 of the year immediately following the calendar year covered by the return or, if a fiscal year (a year ending on the last day of a month other than December) is used, by the 15th day of the third month immediately following the last day of the fiscal year. The corporation must complete a Schedule K-1 for each person who was a shareholder at any time during the tax year and file it with the IRS along with Form 1120S. The second copy of the Schedule K-1 must be mailed to the shareholder.


title: S corporation

text: As is the case for any other corporation, the FICA tax is imposed only with respect to employee wages and not on distributive shares of shareholders. Although FICA tax is not owed on distributive shares, the IRS and equivalent state revenue agencies may recategorize distributions paid to shareholder-employees as wages if shareholder-employees are not paid a reasonable wage for the services they perform in their positions within the company.


title: S corporation

text: In 2005, the IRS launched a study to assess the reporting compliance of S corporations The study began in late 2005 and examined 5,000 randomly selected S corporation returns from tax years 2003 and 2004. The IRS intends to use the results to measure compliance in recording of income, deductions and credits from S corporations, and to formulate future audit criteria to better target likely non-compliant returns. This is part of a larger IRS effort to improve tax compliance and reduce the estimated $300 billion gap in gross reported figures each year. A large portion of that gap is thought to come from small businesses (and particularly S corporations, which are now the most common corporate entity, numbering over four million in 2011, up from three million in 2002 and about 750,000 in 1985).


title: S corporation

text: States impose tax laws and regulations for corporate income and distributions, some of which may be directed specifically at S Corporations. Some but not all states recognize a state tax law equivalent to an S corporation, so that the S corporation in certain states may be treated the same way for state income tax purposes as it is treated for Federal purposes. A state taxing authority may require that a copy of the Form 1120S return be submitted to the state with the state income tax return.


title: S corporation

text: Some states such as New York and New Jersey require a separate state-level S election in order for the corporation to be treated, for state tax purposes, as an S corporation.


title: S corporation

text: S corporations pay a franchise tax of 1.5% of net income in the state of California (minimum $800). This is one factor to be taken into consideration when choosing between a limited liability company and an S corporation in California. For highly profitable enterprises, the LLC franchise tax fees (minimum $800), which are based on gross revenues, may be lower than the 1.5% net income tax. Conversely, for high-gross-revenue, low-profit-margin businesses, the LLC franchise tax fees may exceed the S corporation net income tax.


title: S corporation

text: S Corporations operating in the City of Wilmington are not subject to the city's 1.25% net profits tax, however, S corporation employee wages are subject to the city's 1.25% wage tax.


title: S corporation

text: In New York City, S corporations are subject to the full corporate income tax at an 8.85% rate. However, if the S corporation can demonstrate that a portion of its business was done outside the city, that portion will not be subject to the additional tax.


title: S corporation

text: In Philadelphia, S corporations are subject to the city's income tax (6.35%) and gross receipts tax (1.415%), but not the net profits tax (3.8907%). S corporations also benefit from Pennsylvania's flat personal income tax of 3.07% instead of the high corporation tax rate of 9.99%.


title: Udai Singh II

text: Udai Singh II (4 August 1522 – 28 February 1572) was the Maharana of Mewar and the founder of the city of Udaipur in the present-day Rajasthan state of India. He was the 12th ruler of the Kingdom of Mewar. He was the fourth son of Rana Sanga and Rani Karnavati, a princess of Bundi.


title: Udai Singh II

text: Udai Singh was born in Chittor in August 1522. After the death of his father, Rana Sanga, Ratan Singh II was crowned King. Ratan Singh II was assassinated in 1531. He was succeeded by his brother Maharana Vikramaditya Singh. During the reign of Vikramaditya, when the Muzaffarid Sultan of Gujarat Bahadur Shah sacked Chittor in 1535, Udai Singh was sent to Bundi for safety. In 1537, Banvir killed Vikramaditya and usurped the throne. He tried to kill Udai Singh as well, but Udai's nurse Panna Dai sacrificed her own son Chandan to save him from his uncle Banvir and took him to Kumbhalgarh. He lived secretly in Kumbhalgarh for two years, disguised as a nephew of the governor Asha Shah Depura (Maheshwari Majahan).


title: Udai Singh II

text: Udai Singh had 24 sons. His second wife, Sajjabai Solankini gave birth to his sons, Shakti Singh, and Vikram Dev Singh. Dheerbai Bhattiyani was his favourite wife and was the mother of his sons, Jagmal Singh, Kunwar Agar Singh, Kunwar Pachyad Singh. Dheerbai also bore Uday Singh two daughters. Rani Veerbai Jhaala was the mother of Kunwar Sagar Singh and Kunwar Rai Singh.


title: Udai Singh II

text: In 1540, he was crowned in Kumbhalgarh by the nobles of Mewar. His eldest son Maharana Pratap from his first wife, Maharani Jaivantabai Songara (daughter of Akheiraj Songara of Jalore), was born in the same year.


title: Udai Singh II

text: In 1544 Sher Shah Suri invaded Marwar after defeating Maldev at Sammel. Udai Singh had just dealt with the civil war in Mewar and did not have the resources to fight the Sur Empire, he thus surrendered Chittor to Sher Shah Suri on the terms that Sher Shah does not harm the people of Mewar. Sher Shah also accepted the terms as he knew that the siege would be long and costly.


title: Udai Singh II

text: Udai Singh and his council felt that Chittor was too vulnerable and thus planned to shift Mewar's capital to a safer location. In 1559 work started in the Girwa portion of Mewar and in the same year a man-made lake was made to promote cultivation. The lake was completed in 1562 and the new capital soon came to be known as Udaipur.


title: Udai Singh II

text: In 1562, Udai gave refuge to Baz Bahadur, the last ruler of the Malwa Sultanate, whose kingdom had been annexed by Akbar into the Mughal Empire.


title: Udai Singh II

text: In September 1567, his son Shakti Singh came to him from Dhaulpur and told him of Akbar's plan to capture Chittor. According to Kaviraj Shyamaldas, Udai Singh called a council of war. The nobles advised him to take refuge along with the princes in the hills, leaving a garrison at Chittor. On 23 October 1567 Akbar formed his camp near Chittor. Udai Singh retired to Gogunda (which later became his temporary capital) leaving Chittor in the hands of his loyal chieftains Rao Jaimal and Patta. Akbar captured Chittor after a four-month-long siege on 23 February 1568; the siege culminated in a brutal sacking of the city, leaving Chittor's garrison and 25-40,000 civilians dead. With Chittor lost to the Mughals, Udai would later shift his capital to Udaipur.


title: Udai Singh II

text: He died in 1572 in Gogunda. After his death, Jagmal tried to seize the throne but the nobles of Mewar prevented Jagmal from succeeding and placed Maharana Pratap Singh on the throne on 1 March 1572.


title: Egg roll

text: Egg rolls are a variety of deep-fried appetizers served in American Chinese restaurants. An egg roll is a cylindrical, savory roll with shredded cabbage, chopped meat, or other fillings inside a thickly-wrapped wheat flour skin, which is fried in hot oil. The dish is served warm, and is usually eaten with the fingers, dipped in duck sauce, soy sauce, plum sauce, or hot mustard, often from a cellophane packet. Egg rolls are a ubiquitous feature of American Chinese cuisine and are often served as free additions to American Chinese combination platters throughout the United States, along with fried rice and fortune cookies.


title: Egg roll

text: The origins of the dish are unclear and remain disputed. Egg rolls are closely related to, but distinct from, the spring rolls served in mainland China, and were first seen in the early 20th century in the United States. An early reference to egg rolls appeared in a 1917 Chinese recipe pamphlet published in the United States, but the dish does not resemble the modern egg roll. The 1917 recipe described a meat and vegetable filling wrapped in an egg omelette, pan fried, and served in slices, similar to Gyeran-mari.


title: Egg roll

text: Andrew Coe, author of "Chop Suey: A Cultural History of Chinese Food in the United States", has stated that the modern American egg roll was probably invented at a Chinese restaurant in New York City in the early 1930s, by one of two chefs who both later claimed credit for the creation: Lung Fong of Lung Fong's, or Henry Low of Port Arthur. According to Coe, Low's recipe, printed in a 1938 cookbook, "Cook at Home in Chinese", included "bamboo shoots, roast pork, shrimp, scallions, water chestnuts, salt, MSG, sugar, palm oil, and pepper," but notably did not include cabbage, which is the main filling ingredient in modern egg rolls.


title: Egg roll

text: Egg rolls do not typically contain egg in the filling. In addition to the disputed origin of the dish, it is unclear how the word "egg" appeared in the name, since the predominant flavor in American egg rolls is cabbage, not eggs. A 1979 article in "The Washington Post" speculated two possible theories: 1) that the Chinese word for "egg" sounds very similar to the Chinese word for "spring", and 2) that Chinese chefs in the South relied on using actual eggs when trying to make the thin noodle skin from flour and water.


title: Egg roll

text: While there are many types of spring rolls native to East Asia and available in authentic Chinese, Thai, and Vietnamese restaurants in the United States, American egg rolls are distinctive. A typical "New York-style" egg roll measures approximately two inches in diameter by six inches in length, with a thick, chewy, crispy, bumpy exterior skin. Egg rolls, like other Americanized Chinese food specialties, may contain vegetable cultivars and flavor profiles that are not common in China, including broccoli.


title: Egg roll

text: Restaurants that serve egg rolls occasionally also offer spring rolls as a separate menu option, and these spring rolls may be served with a cold filling wrapped in Banh trang rice paper wrappers (particularly at Vietnamese restaurants that serve both egg rolls and spring rolls as appetizers), or fried, as seen in some Thai and Chinese eateries. When fried, spring rolls served in Asian restaurants in the United States usually have a smaller diameter and a lighter, crispier skin made out of thinner sheets of wheat or rice dough.


title: In the Ghetto

text: "In the Ghetto" (originally titled "The Vicious Circle") is a 1969 song recorded by Elvis Presley and written by Mac Davis. It was a major hit released in 1969 as a part of Presley's comeback album, and also on the single release of "Any Day Now" as the flip side.


title: In the Ghetto

text: The lyrics to the song were written by country music songwriter and singer Mac Davis. The version recorded by Presley is played in the key of B flat. "In the Ghetto" was recorded during Presley's session in the American Sound Studio in Memphis, Tennessee. It was Presley's first creative recording session since the Elvis '68 Comeback Special. Other hits recorded at this session were "Suspicious Minds", "Kentucky Rain", and "Don't Cry Daddy".


title: In the Ghetto

text: The song was Presley's first Top 10 hit in the United States in four years, peaking at number 3, and number 2 in Canada. It was his first UK Top 10 hit in three years, also peaking at No. 2. It hit No. 1 on Cashbox and No. 8 Easy Listening. It was a number-one hit in West Germany, Ireland, Norway, Australia and New Zealand.


title: In the Ghetto

text: As a major international hit, Presley included it in his setlist during his return to live performances at the International Hotel in Las Vegas in 1969. It was a staple of his shows in the first two seasons; however, in his third (August/September 1970), he included it only once, at the dinner show on August 13, for the benefit of the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cameras filming the documentary "" (1970). This version started without pause at the end of another hit from 1969, "Don't Cry Daddy".


title: In the Ghetto

text: A boy is born to a mother who already has more children than she can feed in a Chicago ghetto. The boy grows up hungry, learns how to steal and fight, purchases a gun and steals a car, tries to run, but is killed. The song ends with another child being born the same day in the ghetto, implying that the newborn could meet the same fate, continuing the cycle of poverty and violence.


title: In the Ghetto

text: The song was recorded in 2007 by Lisa Marie Presley as a duet to raise money for the Presley Charitable Foundation. The song was released on iTunes.


title: In the Ghetto

text: After Elvis Presley, the song has been performed by many other artists. Among them were Sammy Davis Jr., Marilyn Manson, Natalie Merchant, Tracy Chapman, Susan Cadogan, Candi Staton, Dolly Parton, Bobby Blue Bland, Bobbie Gentry, Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, Ian Stuart Donaldson, Weeping Willows, The Cranberries, Merle Haggard, Leatherface, Three Six Mafia, DNX vs. The Voice, Bad Lieutenant, Fair Warning, Beats International, Eleanor Shanley, Jim Goad and Chris Clark. The Spanish singer and actor Enrique Castellon Vargas, also known as "El Principe Gitano" (The Gypsy Prince), recorded a version of the song, a version sung with such a thick Spanish accent that the English lyrics were almost uninintelligible. In 1990, The KLF used a sample of the Elvis recording in their ambient DJ album "Chill Out", while a year later Norman Cook issued a dance version with his Beats International collective, which reached number 44 in the UK charts. In 1996, a 'Fugees-esque' hip-hop trio called Ghetto People had a top ten hit in the German charts with a version recorded with local singer Detlef Malinkewitz. As Malinkewitz was recording under the pseudonym L-Viz at the time, some broadcasters in the UK credited the record to El Vez by mistake. Mac Davis recorded a version of the song for a greatest hits album released in 1979. In 2011, Chris de Burgh covered the song on his album "Footsteps 2".


title: In the Ghetto

text: Gospel recording artist Reverend James Cleveland not only recorded a gospel version of the song, but he won his first Grammy Award for Best Soul Gospel Performance 1975 with the Southern California Community Choir for his 1974 album release, In the Ghetto.


title: In the Ghetto

text: Dancehall singer Sister Nancy used some of the song's lyrics in the song "Coward of the Country", which appeared on her 1982 album "One, Two".


title: In the Ghetto

text: Following the death of the song's writer Mac Davis, Reba McEntire and Darius Rucker recorded a duet version of the song to honor him. It was released on November 11, 2020, immediately following a live performance at the 54th Annual Country Music Association Awards.


title: In the Ghetto

text: "In the Ghetto" was covered by Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds and was their debut single. It was recorded at the Trident Studios in London and released as a 7" on June 18, 1984, with the B-side "The Moon Is in the Gutter". It reached 84 on the UK Singles Chart. While originally not present on any album, it was later included on the CD reissue of the band's first album, "From Her to Eternity".


title: In the Ghetto

text: In the "South Park" episode "Chickenpox", Eric Cartman sings the song on the way to Kenny's House, which is located in a bad part of the town.


title: In the Ghetto

text: Paul Shanklin recorded a parody called "In a Yugo" for Rush Limbaugh, in which an environmentally-conscious family buys a Yugo to save motor fuel, only to get killed by a truck after swerving to miss a duck. Later, Shanklin updated his parody for a new generation too young to remember the Yugo, replacing it with its perceived equivalent, "In a Hybrid".


title: In the Ghetto

text: El Vez recorded a version titled "En el Barrio" that mixed humor with details about Chicano struggles.


title: In the Ghetto

text: The Danish satire duo, Strengedrejerne, recorded a parody called "Nede I Netto" in 2000 about a boy, who gets lost from his mother in a supermarket and compensates for the lack of attention by stealing a shopping cart full of cod roe. The song follows the original storyline precisely but parodies the rich welfare state of Denmark, where only luxury problems exist.


title: In the Ghetto

text: The Danish radio program "" also recorded a parody called "Ned i NATO", which makes fun of former Danish Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen's path to a leading post at NATO.


title: In the Ghetto

text: Dutch television celebrity and comedian Paul de Leeuw, as his alter ego Bob de Rooy, released a Dutch-language translated version in 1992. The first Dutch-language version of the song was recorded by Flemish crooner Will Tura, whose version uses the wrong definite article "de" preceding the word "ghetto".


title: In the Ghetto

text: In the Fox sitcom "New Girl", Jessica Day performs the song as an Elvis impersonator at her roommate Nick's father's funeral.


title: B. R. Chopra

text: Baldev Raj Chopra (22 April 1914 – 5 November 2008) was a famous Indian director and producer of Bollywood industry and television series . Best known for directing Hindi films like "Naya Daur" (1957), "Sadhna" (1958), "Kanoon" (1961), "Gumrah" (1963), "Humraaz" (1967), "Insaf Ka Tarazu" (1980), "Nikaah" (1982), "Awam" (1987), and the producer of TV series, "Mahabharat" in 1988. He was awarded Dadasaheb Phalke Award, India's highest award in cinema, for the year 1998, and Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian award, in 2001.


title: B. R. Chopra

text: His younger brother Yash Chopra, son Ravi Chopra and nephew Aditya Chopra are also directors in the Bollywood industry. His nephew Uday Chopra is an actor and producer.


title: B. R. Chopra

text: Chopra was born on 22 April 1914 in Rahon, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district (formerly Nawanshahr district) to Vilayati Raj Chopra, an employee of the PWD. He later shifted to Lahore. He was the second of several siblings; his youngest brother was filmmaker Yash Chopra.


title: B. R. Chopra

text: Chopra received an M.A. in English literature from University of the Punjab in Lahore. He started his career in 1944 as a film journalist with "Cine Herald", a film-monthly published in Lahore, he later took over the magazine and ran it until 1947. In the same year, he launched a film with a story by I. S. Johar, "Chandni Chowk". Naeem Hashmi was hero of this movie and Erika Rukhshi was the heroine. Just as the production of film was to start, riots broke out in Lahore and he and his family had to flee from the city. After the partition of India into India and Pakistan in 1947, he moved to Delhi. He later moved to Mumbai, where his first production, "Karwat", began in 1948, though it turned out to be a flop. His first film as a director, "Afsana", was released in 1951 and featured Ashok Kumar in a double role – the film was a hit and established his name in Bollywood. Chopra made "Chandni Chowk", with Meena Kumari as a lead, in 1954. In 1955, Chopra formed his own production house, "B.R Films". His first movie for this production house was "Ek Hi Raasta" which was highly successful. He followed it up with "Naya Daur" (1957) starring Dilip Kumar and Vyjayantimala Bali, the film became a golden jubilee hit. His subsequent releases like Kanoon, Gumrah, Humraaz were major hits in the sixties. In 1963, he was a member of the jury at the 13th Berlin International Film Festival. His second film with actor Dilip Kumar was Dastaan which became a flop in 1972.


title: B. R. Chopra

text: He directed successful film across genres after 1972, with films like suspense thriller "Dhund", drama "Karma" (1977), comedy film "Pati Patni Aur Woh", crime film in "Insaf Ka Tarazu", Muslim social in "Nikaah" and the political thriller "Awam".


title: B. R. Chopra

text: He was the producer for the films "Dhool Ka Phool", "Waqt", "Aadmi Aur Insaan" and "Ittefaq" directed by his younger brother Yash Chopra, and he also produced "The Burning Train", "Aaj Ki Awaaz", "Mazdoor", "Baghban", "Baabul", "Bhoothnath" which were directed by Ravi Chopra.


title: B. R. Chopra

text: Chopra forayed into television with "Mahabharat", whose become the most successful TV serials with 92% viewers record in Indian television history, where Nitish Bharadwaj played the role of Krishna and Mukesh khanna portrayed the role of Bhism pitamah and this was co-directed by him with his son. He also produced TV Series on Bahadur Shah Zafar, "Kanoon" (1993), "Aap Beeti" , "Vishnu Puran" (2000) and "Maa Shakti". He produced films like "Baghbhan", "Babul" and "Bhootnath", after 2000.


title: B. R. Chopra

text: He died in Mumbai at the age of 94 on 5 November 2008, survived by his son, Ravi Chopra, and two daughters Shashi and Bina.


title: Lawrenceville, Georgia

text: Lawrenceville is a city in and the county seat of Gwinnett County, Georgia, United States. It is a suburb of Atlanta, located approximately northeast of downtown. As of the 2020 census, the population of Lawrenceville was 30,629. In 2019, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated the city population to be 30,834. Lawrenceville has six ZIP codes (30042-30046, 30049), and it is part of the 678/770/404 telephone area code, which is used throughout metropolitan Atlanta.


title: Lawrenceville, Georgia

text: Lawrenceville was incorporated by an act of the Georgia General Assembly on December 15, 1821. This makes Lawrenceville the second oldest city in the metropolitan Atlanta area. The city is named after Commodore James Lawrence, commander of the frigate "Chesapeake" during the War of 1812. Lawrence, a native of New Jersey, is probably best known today for his dying command, "Don't give up the ship!" William Maltbie, the town's first postmaster, suggested the name of "Lawrenceville."


title: Lawrenceville, Georgia

text: In 1821, a permanent site for the county courthouse was selected and purchased, the four streets bordering the square were laid out along with other streets in the village, and a public well was dug. Major Grace built the first permanent courthouse, a brick structure, in 1823–24 for a cost of $4,000. The courthouse presently on the square was constructed in 1885.


title: Lawrenceville, Georgia

text: During the Civil War, Gwinnett County voted against secession. The county seat of Lawrenceville sent three delegates who unanimously voted against it. This was due to a low slave population with a ratio of 4 whites to 1 slave. Lawrenceville helped contribute to the Confederate war effort. The Lawrenceville Manufacturing Company, a cotton mill built in the 1850s, produced completed textile products such as uniforms. Although Lawrenceville would see no battles throughout the war, the city would be targeted by General Sherman's famous March to the Sea, falling to frequent raids. The Lawrenceville Manufacturing Company would be burned down by Union soldiers, causing a serious blow to the city's commercial sector. By the end of the war, half of the wealth of Lawrenceville was lost by the Civil War.


title: Lawrenceville, Georgia

text: The two most famous people born in Lawrenceville gained their fame elsewhere. Charles Henry Smith, born in 1826, left as a young man and lived most of his life in other Georgia towns. During the Civil War he wrote humorous pieces for Atlanta newspapers under the name Bill Arp. He has been described as the South's most popular writer of the late 19th century, though he is not much read today. Ezzard Charles, born in 1921, grew up in Cincinnati, where opportunities for African-Americans were far better at the time than in the Deep South. He eventually became the World Heavyweight boxing champion by defeating Joe Louis by unanimous decision on September 27, 1950.


title: Lawrenceville, Georgia

text: Another resident, Oliver Hardy, became a world-renowned comic actor, a member of the film duo Laurel and Hardy from the 1920s to the 1940s. He lived as a child in downtown Lawrenceville around 1900. But his stay was brief since his family moved often within Georgia.


title: Lawrenceville, Georgia

text: Lawrenceville was one of many venues in the nation where "Hustler" magazine publisher Larry Flynt faced obscenity charges in the late 1970s. On March 6, 1978, during a lunch break in his Lawrenceville trial, he and his local attorney Gene Reeves were shot by a sniper near the courthouse. Both survived, though Flynt was seriously disabled. Years later, imprisoned serial killer Joseph Paul Franklin claimed to have been the shooter, but he never produced any proof and was not charged in the case. (Franklin was executed in 2013 in Missouri for a 1977 sniper slaying.) A heavily fictionalized treatment of the Flynt shooting can be seen in the 1996 movie "The People vs. Larry Flynt".


title: Lawrenceville, Georgia

text: Lawrenceville is located in central Gwinnett County at (33.953052, −83.992469). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and , or 0.83%, is water.


title: Lawrenceville, Georgia

text: Nearby cities are Dacula to the east, Buford to the north, Suwanee to the north-northwest, Duluth to the northwest, Norcross to the west, Lilburn to the southwest, Snellville to the south, and Grayson to the southeast.


title: Lawrenceville, Georgia

text: As of the 2020 United States census, there were 30,629 people, 10,524 households, and 7,071 families residing in the city.


title: Lawrenceville, Georgia

text: As of 2010 Census, Lawrenceville had a population of 28,546. The median age was 32.4. The racial composition of the population was 48.0% white, 32.0% black or African American, 0.6% Native American, 1.1% Asian Indian, 4.7% other Asian, 10.3% from some other race, and 3.4% from two or more races. 22.3% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race.


title: Lawrenceville, Georgia

text: In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.4% under the age of 18, 11.0% from 18 to 24, 35.3% from 25 to 44, 18.2% from 45 to 64, and 9.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.9 males.


title: Lawrenceville, Georgia

text: The median income for a household in the city was $32,779, and the median income for a family was $38,557. Males had a median income of $27,263 versus $24,903 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,649. About 28.7% of families and 40.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.0% of those under age 18 and 11.9% of those age 65 or over.


title: Lawrenceville, Georgia

text: Lawrenceville can be accessed through several highways. Georgia 316 passes through Lawrenceville to Athens and connects to Interstate 85 at Exit 106. Interstate 85 South then travels through Atlanta, which is roughly 25 to 30 miles away southwest. Lawrenceville can also be accessed by U.S. 78 (Stone Mountain Freeway) and then Scenic Highway (Georgia 124) via Snellville. Some southern unincorporated areas with Lawrenceville addresses can be accessed by Ronald Reagan Parkway. Other highways that pass through Lawrenceville are US 29, GA 8, GA 20, and GA 120.


title: Lawrenceville, Georgia

text: Currently, Lawrenceville has limited walkability options available. However, in October 2017 plans were announced for the formation of a 2.2 mile linear park that will connect Georgia Gwinnett College with the downtown district.


title: Lawrenceville, Georgia

text: Lawrenceville is home to Gwinnett County's only public airport, Gwinnett County Airport-Briscoe Field . With its daytime control tower, several FBOs (Fixed-Base Operators), and flight-training schools, Brisco Field primarily serves general aviation and some commercial aircraft.


title: Lawrenceville, Georgia

text: The following is a list of schools with a Lawrenceville mailing address, with its high school cluster in parenthesis.


title: Lawrenceville, Georgia

text: Gwinnett County Public Library operates the Collins Hill, Five Forks and Lawrenceville branches. The Five Forks and Collins Hill branches are in an unincorporated area.


title: Lawrenceville, Georgia

text: Lawrenceville is home to Northside Hospital Gwinnett (formerly Gwinnett Medical Center). GMC is a non-profit, 500-bed health care network based in Gwinnett County. It comprises two hospitals, plus several supporting medical facilities, with more than 4,300 employees and more than 800 affiliated physicians. The flagship campus of GMC is located in Lawrenceville near the intersection of Hwy. 316 and Duluth Highway 120.


title: Lawrenceville, Georgia

text: Prior to the opening of Gwinnett Medical Center in 1984, the area was served by Button Gwinnett Hospital, which was later converted to an inpatient mental health and substance abuse treatment facility.


title: Lawrenceville, Georgia

text: Historically significant buildings in downtown Lawrenceville include the Gwinnett Historic Courthouse and Lawrenceville Female Seminary. Also downtown are various landmarks and antique locations.


title: Lawrenceville, Georgia

text: Lawrenceville's revitalization plan was strengthened in 2005 when the city crafted a unique partnership with Aurora Theatre (Gwinnett County's only professional theatre), which relocated from the nearby town of Duluth to a permanent site in downtown Lawrenceville in May 2007 for the opening of its 11th season. Now in its 23rd season, Aurora Theatre (http://www.auroratheatre.com/), is the second largest professional theatre in Georgia, produces 800 ticketed events a year, attracts 80,000 visitors, and conducts the Lawrenceville Ghost Tours, a 90-minute walking tour of the historic downtown area led by professional storytellers. Ghost tour guides recount town lore and legends including reports of paranormal activity at the historic courthouse and the Female Seminary. Co-Founded in 1996 by Anthony Rodriguez and Ann-Carol Pence, Aurora Theatre works to be both a community partner and destination location. On the brink of another campus expansion, the new expanded Lawrenceville Performing Arts Center, when completed, will house four performance spaces and encompass an entire city block of Lawrenceville's historic downtown.


title: Lawrenceville, Georgia

text: Each August, the city hosts the annual Polish Pierogi Festival. There are food booths set up serving pierogi, kielbasa and sauerkraut. There are also live music performances, and other events include the Pierogi Toss and eating competitions.


title: Lawrenceville, Georgia

text: Peach State Federal Credit Union headquartered in Lawrenceville serves 39,800 members across Barrow, Clarke, DeKalb, Forsyth, Gwinnett, Jackson, Oconee and Walton Counties.


title: Lawrenceville, Georgia

text: The Triple-A Minor League Baseball Gwinnett Stripers of the International League play at Coolray Field.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: Manipal Institute of Technology (shortened MIT Manipal) (formerly Manipal Engineering College) is a private constituent institution of Manipal Academy of Higher Education that specializes in engineering. MIT contains 17 academic departments and awards undergraduate, graduate and post graduate degrees. Established in 1957 in Manipal, Karnataka, India, it is one of the first self-financed colleges in India. The Manipal Academy of Higher Education campus is spread over 313 acres of what once used to be a desolate plateau of hard, laterite rock in south Karnataka's Udupi district.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: Manipal Engineering College (MEC) was inaugurated on 11 May 1957 by the then Chief Minister of Mysore, S. Nijalingappa. The first President of the college was Roque Fernandes. In the initial months, lectures were held at the Kasturba Medical College, Manipal campus before the infrastructure was ready at its present campus towards the end of 1957. The institute started with 25 staff members and an annual intake of 120 students for the under-graduate courses, on a campus of .


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: Civil engineering was the first discipline to be offered at the institute, but by 1961, full undergraduate programs were also available in the areas of mechanical engineering and electrical engineering. Housing facilities were operational from 1961 for outstation students.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: In initial years institute was affiliated to the Karnatak University. In 1965, the institute got affiliated to the University of Mysore. More courses were added over the decades as the college expanded. The MIT, Manipal Student Chapter of the Institution of Engineers (Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering) was established in the mid-1960s.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: In 1969, Chemical Engineering was introduced as a branch of study followed by Electronics and Communication engineering. In 1973, the semester scheme was adopted and a one-year postgraduate diploma in industrial engineering was offered. In the same year, the Venugopala Temple, modelled on the famous Kirti Mandir, Vadodara, Gujarat was built.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: The MIT campus has been visited by several well-known persons at various times in its history. The Tibetan spiritual leader the Dalai Lama visited the college in 1966. The 1970s saw the visit of Smt Indira Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: In 1974, it was renamed as Manipal Institute of Technology. The institute was brought under the purview of Mangalore University in 1980. In 1979, other branches of study such as Industrial Production and Architecture were introduced. The construction of the 4-floor library building with an area of and more hostel blocks including 7th, 9th blocks and women's hostels were completed in the 1980s. The swimming pool was inaugurated in 1986, the floodlit basketball court at Kamath Circle in 1989.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: In 1993 Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE) was granted deemed university status and Manipal Institute of Technology became its constituent college.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, the then President of India, visited the college and interacted with the students in 2003. This visit was later repeated in 2010 by the then President of India Pratibha Patil.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: The dawn of the new millennium brought in the construction of new buildings. 2006 saw the construction of the Innovation Center, housing companies such as Phillips and EMC and associated research and development. The 7-floor 13th Block located between the 3rd and 4th blocks for housing lady students was also completed during this period. The adjoining New Lecture Hall complex ('NLH') was built anticipating the increase in intake and was inaugurated in the year 2006. 2007 saw the inauguration of Academic Block 5, the largest academic building on campus, housing classrooms, academic and research labs, and department and faculty offices.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: Undergraduate courses in Instrumentation and Control Engineering were added in 2001 and Mechatronics was added in 2006 and those in Aeronautical Engineering and Automobile Engineering were added in 2008. The department of Architecture was rechristened as "The Faculty of Architecture" in 2006, and then as Manipal School of Architecture and Planning and Design, as a separate institute under the Manipal Academy of Higher Education in 2011. In 2013, an integrated course in Computer Science and Communication Engineering was added, under the department of Information and Communication Technology. The annual undergraduate student intake increased from 800 spread over 12 engineering disciplines in the year 2003 to 1,500 spread over 16 disciplines in 2008. , the institute has an intake of more than 2,300 students.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: The institute was also visited by Smt. Pratibha Patil, the then President of India for the university's annual convocation in December 2010. The then Finance Minister and future President of India, Shri Pranab Mukherjee also visited the institute on 26 May 2012 to inaugurate one of the Academic Blocks. The institute was visited by acclaimed South Indian film director S.S. Rajmouli in October 2017. The institute also played host to the 49th annual convention of the National Association of Students of Architecture (NASA) in January 2007.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: The new logo of the institute was unveiled by alumni Nokia Former CEO Rajiv Suri during the institute's 2016 convocation. It was designed by Kartikeya Rastogi, who was then a senior year Chemical Engineering undergraduate student.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: Numerous new computer oriented branches are being introduced, since most of the students admitted at undergraduate level prefer Computer stream, this trend is on a rise in many Private Institutions in India. (BTech Data Science, B.Tech. Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning and so on).


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: In 2016, the college announced a major campus upgrade including the construction of several new buildings:


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: A major road inside the campus is being converted into a bituminous mini race track by Royal Dutch Shell, which will be cordoned off after college hours to be used by the university's Formula Student racing team and other automobile and aeromodelling/UAV projects.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: MIT Manipal's campus is located 65 km (37 mi) north of Mangalore. The campus is located 3.5 km from Udupi's railway station and is spread over an area of 188 acres (76.0 ha) housing 10 academic buildings, and 22 residential buildings, with a total capacity of 6,080 inhabitants.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: Kamath Circle has been renamed and renovated as Student Plaza with a two-floored Colosseum-like structure and a musical fountain at the center also containing couple of general stores.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: The food court, with a seating capacity of 1200 people, caters to the food needs of about 840 people daily. A second food court was constructed in 2018 near the 16th and 17th Hostel Blocks.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: Undergraduate students are guaranteed four-year housing in one of MIT's twenty-six hostel buildings. The total housing capacity is 7,258 students, of which 70% is for men and 30% for women. Of this, 95% is occupied by undergraduate students. First year students can choose their rooms on a "first come, first served" basis, while academic performance, seniority and student preference determine the room allotments for subsequent years for undergraduate students. Hostel blocks for first year undergraduate students are different from those blocks that are for senior students.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: The academic area of the campus is segregated from the rest of the campus. There are five academic buildings. Two of them – Academic Block 1 and Academic Block 2 - have been around since the inception of the campus, while the others were built as intake increased. Academic Block 3 is also known as the New Lecture Hall. Academic Block 4, also known as the Innovation Center, has the Manipal University's incubation center, MUTBI (Manipal University Technology Business Incubator). Academic Block 5 is the largest building on campus.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: The MIT campus is dotted with sports facilities such as the Student Recreational Centre (2 tennis courts, 2 badminton courts and a gym), 2 basketball courts, a cricket/ athletics field, a volleyball court, a football ground, a hockey field, and a swimming pool. In 2019, a boxing ring was inaugurated on campus. Marena Sports Complex is at a walking distance from the campus. There are in-campus gyms in D Block and in the 10th Block. A girls' gym was inaugurated in 2020. The campus also houses several bookstores, stationery shops, restaurants, and a fruit shop. The campus also includes the Venugopal Temple, which was designed by undergraduate architecture students from MSAP (Manipal School of Architecture and Planning), which shares its campus with MIT.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: MIT has been using a credit based system since 2001, in which each course is assigned a number of credits. The odd semester starts around the month of July and ends by December and the even semester starts around January and ends by May. Manipal Academy of Higher Education is accredited by the Government of India's National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) .


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: MIT Manipal offers full-time, four/five-year undergraduate (Bachelor's degree) programs in the various disciplines. as well as Master of Technology (M.Tech.) degrees and various other postgraduate programs awarding Master of Science (M.S.) in Software Engineering, Master of Computer Applications (M.C.A.) and an integrated M.B.A. program (in conjunction with other programs in MAHE).


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: Admissions to postgraduate programs are either on the basis of an entrance exam or the performance in an undergraduate degree program. All applicants are required to have appropriate bachelor's degrees.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: The institute also offers Ph.D. programs on a full-time or part-time basis for suitably qualified candidates.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: Manipal Institute of Technology was ranked 21 among engineering colleges in India by "India Today" in 2020, 11 among private engineering colleges by "Outlook India" in 2021 and 45 among engineering colleges by the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) in 2020.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: Admission to Manipal Institute of Technology is through the Manipal Entrance Test (MET), that replaced the Manipal University Online Entrance Test (MU OET) for 2019 and beyond, and is carried out at centers across India. It is a computer-based exam and consists of 200 questions testing Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, English, and logical reasoning and spans a duration of 2 hours and 30 minutes. The test is for 800 marks, +4 for every correct answer and -1 for every wrong one. MAHE offers two opportunities for a student to write the entrance exam, subject to additional payment and availability of vacancies. The format was changed and the test now has 60 questions and the total maximum marks are 240. Each MCQ (Multiple Choice Question) carries 4 marks with negative marking whereas each NAT (Numerical Answer Type) carries 4 marks with no negative marking. Unlike other entrance exams, the computer-based exam scores are displayed immediately after the exam ends, with which one may appear for admission counselling.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: The institute makes budgetary provisions for maintenance of research equipment through capital allocation. An amount of ₹15 million was sanctioned to the institute in 2008–09 towards innovation. MITians have access to various journals and educational materials to facilitate research by students. Students of the institute take up summer internship as a part of their curriculum. Several research programs in the areas of nanotechnology, nuclear engineering, VLSI design and pattern recognition are being pursued in the interdisciplinary labs under the institute's innovation center. Manipal Dot Net (MDN) is a privately owned software and hardware design and services organization located close to the campus, that offers internship opportunities to students.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: The Student Council, MIT Manipal is the apex student body of the institute, composed of elected student representatives of the institute. President chairs the Council followed by the General Secretary.The Cultural Secretary is the overall incharge of all Cultural Clubs of the institute and is also the Convener of Revels, along with the Sports Secretary. Likewise, the Sports Secretary is responsible for all the sporting activities of the Institute and heads as well as coordinates with all the Sports Captains of various Sports Clubs and Teams of the institute. Similarly, Technical Secretary heads all the Technical Clubs and Placement Secretaries coordinate with the companies and students during placement season.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: Overall there are close to a hundred clubs and organizations in the institute. The clubs are completely run and managed by the students and they host a variety of events/ competitions throughout the year. Technical Clubs like SAE-IM (Society of Automotive Engineers- India| Manipal), ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers), IE-CSE, IE-Civil, IE-E&C, IE E&E, IE-Mechatronics, Cultural Clubs like- Goonj, the Hindi literary club, Blank-101, Comedy Club Manipal, λΔQ (The Literary, Debate, and Quiz Club), RED-X (The Socio-Adventure Club), and more clubs like Ada Dramatics, Aaina Dramatics and the Music and Fine Arts Club have won several awards at major cultural fests such as Unmaad, IIM Bangalore and Mood Indigo, IIT Bombay.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: The college has an official student-run media body, The MIT Post. It was founded on 19 November 2014. The MIT Post keeps a record of all student activities on campus, including those of all other clubs and organizations. Another prominent name is The Photography Club, Manipal which is the official photography club of the college founded all the way back in 1967.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: Teams from ManipalTech have won innovation and entrepreneurship competitions such as the GE Edison Innovation Challenge and consecutive victories at the Schneider Electric India Innovation Challenge.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: The college has several technical clubs including international as well as national student organizations such as the ACM, IEEE, ISTE, IEMCT and ASME. These clubs are very active on campus and organize workshops and various other events on a regular basis.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: Formula Manipal is a student initiative aiming to conceive, design, fabricate, develop and compete with other Formula style vehicles at International Formula Student events. They built a 600 cc race car that was selected to participate in the Formula SAE 2008 competition organized by the Society of Automotive Engineers held at Ferrari race track at Maranello in Italy, an international race car design competition which is attended by universities from across the world. In 2009, the team participated with the second prototype at FS UK, held at the Silverstone F1 Track.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: ThrustMIT is one of the country’s first rocketry teams. The team aims to foster interest and innovation in the field of rocketry. The modus operandi at ThrustMIT involves providing team members hands-on experience in this field, allowing them to improve and learn on the job, which ultimately aids them in supporting the team’s endeavors.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: Project Manas is another initiative by students and is an AI robotics team that was founded in the year 2014. They have taken part in India's biggest driverless car challenge - "Spark the Rise" - organized by Mahindra. The team qualified for three stages and is one of the top 13 teams to qualify for the prototyping phase. The prototype is capable of detecting and navigating around pedestrians, a variety of traffic signs and signals, road and non-road regions, vehicles along with a wide range of other obstacles.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: AeroMIT is a student project aiming towards aeromodelling and drone research. They design and fabricate RC and autonomous aerial vehicles for competition as well as research purpose. The year 2019-20 was one of the most successful years for the team. They secured podium positions in national competitions like Aerophilia 2019 and Techfest, 2020. The team also secured World Rank 4 in their flagship competition SAE AeroDesign East 2020 held in Lakeland, Florida. Other than that, the team secured World Rank 1 in the category of Oral Presentation by scoring the highest points in the history of the competition and was also the only team to lift the maximum possible payload. Participating in competitions is not the only goal of the team; they also focus on various projects and research work.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: Mars Rover Manipal, one of the more recent endeavors by the undergraduate students, is a multi-disciplinary team that designs and builds rovers for exploration of extraterrestrial environments. They regularly compete in various competitions, and have steadily improved their rankings at the University Rover Challenge held by The Mars Society USA, since they first entered in 2016. It is a premier robotics competition held annually every summer at the Mars Desert Research Station in Utah, USA.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: MIT hosts one festival every semester. In even semesters, there is a cultural and sports festival, "Revels". The official theme of the 2020 Revels festival was 'Qainaat'. The theme was to drive healthy environmental practices around the globe, to address the environmental crisis. In odd semesters, there is a technical festival, "Tech Tatva". These are student-organized fests, with participants from all over India and overseas. The students of the university, with some help from the administration, carry out the festivities in the campus. The entire process of managing and organizing the fest is handled by the students with the work being divided amongst various categories.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: In 2012, following aggressive protests by the students of the Manipal Institute of Technology (MIT), the director, Kum Kum Garg, resigned from her post. The protesting students had demanded the resignation of the director for her alleged insensitive remarks over the death of a student in a bus accident.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: In March 2020, MIT required students to download a software called PEXA Lite on their laptops, to conduct proctored end-semester exams. On installing the software, some students complained of their laptops slowing or crashing due to malware.


title: Manipal Institute of Technology

text: In February 2021, the students of MIT were called back to campus for the offline end-semester examinations. But on 17 March, offline classes were cancelled due to the rising number of COVID-19 cases in the campus. By the first week of April, over a 1000 students of MIT were infected by the coronavirus due to poor social distancing and lax safety standards in the college.