title: Records management

text: The records life-cycle consists of discrete phases covering the life span of a record from its creation to its final disposition. In the creation phase, records growth is expounded by modern electronic systems. Records will continue to be created and captured by the organization at an explosive rate as it conducts the business of the organization. Correspondence regarding a product failure is written for internal leadership, financial statements and reports are generated for public and regulatory scrutiny, the old corporate logo is retired, and a new one – including color scheme and approved corporate font – takes its place in the organization's history.


title: Records management

text: Examples of records phases include those for "creation" of a record, "modification" of a record, "movement" of a record through its different states while in existence, and "destruction" of a record.


title: Records management

text: Throughout the records life cycle, issues such as security, privacy, disaster recovery, emerging technologies, and mergers are addressed by the records and information management professional responsible for organizational programs. Records and information management professionals are instrumental in controlling and safeguarding the information assets of the entity. They understand how to manage the creation, access, distribution, storage, and disposition of records and information in an efficient and cost-effective manner using records and information management methodology, principles, and best practices in compliance with records and information laws and regulations.


title: Records management

text: The records continuum theory is an abstract conceptual model that helps to understand and explore recordkeeping activities in relation to multiple contexts over space and time.


title: Records management

text: Records-management principles and automated records-management systems aid in the capture, classification, and ongoing management of records throughout their lifecycle. ARMA International defines records management as "the field of management responsible for establishing and implementing policies, systems, and procedures to capture, create, access, distribute, use, store, secure, retrieve, and ensure disposition of an organization's records and information". Such a system may be paper-based (such as index cards as used in a library), or may involve a computer system, such as an electronic records-management application.


title: Records management

text: A "defensible solution" is one that can be supported with clearly documented policies, processes and procedures that drive how and why work is performed, as well as one that has clearly documented proof of behavior patterns, proving that an organization follows such documented constraints to the best of their ability.


title: Records management

text: While "defensibility" applies to all aspects of records life cycle, it is considered most important in the context of records destruction, where it is known as ""defensible disposition"" or ""defensible destruction"," and helps an organization explicitly justify and prove things like who destroys records, why they destroy them, how they destroy them, when they destroy them, and where they destroy them.


title: Records management

text: Records managers use classification or categorization of record types to logically organize records created and maintained by an institution. Such classifications assist in functions such as creation, organization, storage, retrieval, movement, and destruction of records.


title: Records management

text: At the highest level of classification are physical versus electronic records. (This is disputable; records are defined as such regardless of media. ISO 15489 and other best practices promulgate a functions based, rather than media based classification, because the law defines records as certain kinds of information regardless of media.)


title: Records management

text: Physical records are those records, such as paper, that can be touched and which take up physical space.


title: Records management

text: Electronic records, also often referred to as digital records, are those records that are generated with and used by information technology devices.


title: Records management

text: Classification of records is achieved through the design, maintenance, and application of taxonomies, which allow records managers to perform functions such as the categorization, tagging, segmenting, or grouping of records according to various traits.


title: Records management

text: "Enterprise records" represent those records that are common to most enterprises, regardless of their function, purpose, or sector. Such records often revolve around the day-to-day operations of an enterprise and cover areas such as but not limited litigation, employee management, consultant or contractor management, customer engagements, purchases, sales, and contracts.


title: Records management

text: The types of enterprises that produce and work with such records include but are not limited to for-profit companies, non-profit companies, and government agencies.


title: Records management

text: "Industry records" represent those records that are common and apply only to a specific industry or set of industries. Examples include but are not limited to medical industry records (e.g., the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act), pharmaceutical industry records, and food industry records.


title: Records management

text: "Legal hold" records are those records that are mandated, usually by legal counsel or compliance personnel, to be held for a period of time, either by a government or by an enterprise, and for the purposes of addressing potential issues associated with compliance audits and litigation. Such records are assigned "Legal Hold" traits that are in addition to classifications which are as a result of enterprise or industry classifications.


title: Records management

text: Legal hold data traits may include but are not limited to things such as legal hold flags (e.g. Legal Hold = True or False), the organization driving the legal hold, descriptions of why records must be legally held, what period of time records must be held for, and the hold location.


title: Records management

text: A records retention schedule is a document, often developed using archival appraisal concepts and analysis of business and legal contexts within the intended jurisdictions, that outlines how long certain types of records need to be retained for before they can be destroyed. For the retention schedule to be utilized a number of guidelines need to be put in place so as to be considered for implementation.


title: Records management

text: Managing physical records involves different disciplines or capabilities and may draw on a variety of forms of expertise.


title: Records management

text: Commercially available products can manage records through all processes active, inactive, archival, retention scheduling and disposal. Some also utilize RFID technology for the tracking of physical file.


title: Records management

text: The general principles of records management apply to records in any format. Digital records, however, raise specific issues. It is more difficult to ensure that the content, context and structure of records is preserved and protected when the records do not have a physical existence. This has important implications for the authenticity, reliability, and trustworthiness of records.


title: Records management

text: Much research is being conducted on the management of digital records. The International Research on Permanent Authentic Records in Electronic Systems (InterPARES) Project is one example of such an initiative. Based at the School of Library, Archival and Information Studies at the University of British Columbia, in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, the InterPARES Project is a collaborative project between researchers all across the world committed to developing theories and methodologies to ensure the reliability, accuracy, and authenticity of digital records.


title: Records management

text: Functional requirements for computer systems to manage digital records have been produced by the US Department of Defense, The United Kingdom's National Archives and the European Commission, whose MoReq (Model Requirements for the Management of Electronic Records) specification has been translated into at least twelve languages funded by the European Commission.


title: Records management

text: Particular concerns exist about the ability to access and read digital records over time, since the rapid pace of change in technology can make the software used to create the records obsolete, leaving the records unreadable. A considerable amount of research is being undertaken to address this, under the heading of digital preservation. The Public Record Office Victoria (PROV) located in Melbourne, Australia published the Victorian Electronic Records Strategy (VERS) which includes a standard for the preservation, long-term storage and access to permanent electronic records. The VERS standard has been adopted by all Victorian Government departments. A digital archive has been established by PROV to enable the general public to access permanent records. Archives New Zealand is also setting up a digital archive.


title: Records management

text: Electronic Tax Records are computer-based/non-paper versions of records required by tax agencies like the Internal Revenue Service. There is substantial confusion about what constitutes acceptable digital records for the IRS, as the concept is relatively new. The subject is discussed in Publication 583 and Bulletin 1997-13, but not in specific detail.


title: Records management

text: Businesses and individuals wishing to convert their paper records into scanned copies may be at risk if they do so. For example, it is unclear if an IRS auditor would accept a JPEG, PNG, or PDF format scanned copy of a purchase receipt for a deducted expense item.


title: Records management

text: While public administration, healthcare and the legal profession have a long history of records management, the corporate sector has generally shown less interest. This has changed in recent years due to new compliance requirements, driven in part by scandals such as the Enron/Andersen affair and more recent problems at Morgan Stanley. Corporate records compliance issues including retention period requirements and the need to disclose information as a result of litigation have come to be seen as important. Statutes such as the US Sarbanes–Oxley Act have resulted in greater standardization of records management practices. Since the 1990s the shift towards electronic records has seen a need for close working relations between records managers and IT managers, particularly including the legal aspects, focused on compliance and risk management.


title: Records management

text: Privacy, data protection, and identity theft have become issues of increasing interest. The role of the records manager in the protection of an organization's records has grown as a result. The need to ensure personal information is not retained unnecessarily has brought greater focus to retention schedules and records disposal.


title: Records management

text: The increased importance of transparency and accountability in public administration, marked by the widespread adoption of freedom of information laws, has led to a focus on the need to manage records so that they can be easily accessed by the public. For instance, in the United Kingdom, Section 46 of the Freedom of Information Act 2000 required the government to publish a Code of Practice on Records Management for public authorities. Similarly, European Union legislation on Data Protection and Environmental Information, requiring organisations to disclose information on request, create a need for effective management of such records.


title: Records management

text: Implementing required changes to organisational culture is a major challenge, since records management is often seen as an unnecessary or low priority administrative task that can be performed at the lowest levels within an organization. Reputational damage caused by poor records management has demonstrated that records management is the responsibility of all individuals within an organization.


title: Records management

text: Another issue of great interest to records managers is the impact of the internet and related social media, such as wikis, blogs, forums, and companies such as Facebook and Twitter, on traditional records management practices, principles, and concepts, since many of these tools allow rapid creation and dissemination of records and, often, even in anonymous form.


title: Records management

text: A difficult challenge for many enterprises is tied to the tracking of records through their entire information life cycle so that it's clear, at all times, where a record exists or if it still exists at all. The tracking of records through their life cycles allows records management staff to understand when and how to apply records related rules, such as rules for legal hold or destruction.


title: Records management

text: As the world becomes more digital in nature, an ever-growing issue for the records management community is the conversion of existing or incoming paper records to electronic form. Such conversions are most often performed with the intent of saving storage costs, storage space, and in hopes of reducing records retrieval time.


title: Records management

text: Many colleges and universities offer degree programs in library and information sciences which cover records management. Furthermore, there are professional organizations which provide a separate, non-degreed, professional certification for practitioners, the Certified Records Manager designation or CRM.


title: Records management

text: An Electronic Document and Records Management System is a computer program or set of programs used to track and store records. The term is distinguished from imaging and document management systems that specialize in paper capture and document management respectively. Electronic records management Systems commonly provide specialized security and auditing functionality tailored to the needs of records managers.


title: Records management

text: The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) has endorsed the U.S. Department of Defense standard 5015.2 as an "adequate and appropriate basis for addressing the basic challenges of managing records in the automated environment that increasingly characterizes the creation and use of records". Records Management Vendors can be certified as compliant with the DoD 5015.2-STD after verification from the Joint Interoperability Test Command which builds test case procedures, writes detailed and summary final reports on 5015.2-certified products, and performs on-site inspection of software.


title: Records management

text: The National Archives in the UK has published two sets of functional requirements to promote the development of the electronic records management software market (1999 and 2002). It ran a program to evaluate products against the 2002 requirements. While these requirements were initially formulated in collaboration with central government, they have been taken up with enthusiasm by many parts of the wider public sector in the UK and in other parts of the world. The testing program has now closed; The National Archives is no longer accepting applications for testing. The National Archives 2002 requirements remain current.


title: Records management

text: The European Commission has published "MoReq", the Model Requirements for Electronic Records and Document Management in 2001. Although not a formal standard, it is widely regarded and referred to as a standard. This was funded by the Commission's IDA program, and was developed at the instigation of the DLM Forum. A major update of MoReq, known as MoReq2, was published in February 2008. This too was initiated by the DLM Forum and funded by the European Commission, on this occasion by its IDABC program (the successor to IDA). A software testing framework and an XML schema accompany MoReq2; a software compliance testing regime was agreed at the DLM Forum conference in Toulouse in December 2008.


title: Records management

text: The National Archives of Australia (NAA) published the Functional Specifications for Electronic Records Management Systems Software (ERMS), and the associated Guidelines for Implementing the Functional Specifications for Electronic Records Management Systems Software, as exposure drafts in February 2006.


title: Records management

text: Archives New Zealand published a 'discretionary best practice' Electronic Recordkeeping Systems Standard (Standard 5) in June 2005, issued under the authority of Section 27 of the Public Records Act 2005.


title: Records management

text: Commercial records centers are facilities which provide services for the storage for paper records for organizations. In some cases, they also offer storage for records maintained in electronic formats. Commercial records centers provide high density storage for paper records and some offer climate controlled storage for sensitive non-paper and critical (vital) paper media. There is a trade organization for commercial records centers (for example, PRISM International), however, not all service providers are members.


title: Hide (musician)

text: , known professionally as hide, was a Japanese musician, singer-songwriter and record producer. He achieved international fame as the lead guitarist of the rock band X Japan from 1987 to 1997 and a solo artist from 1993 onward. He also formed the United States-based rock supergroup Zilch in 1996.


title: Hide (musician)

text: Hide sold millions of records, both solo and as a member of X Japan. X Japan rose to prominence in the late 1980s and early 1990s, credited as founders of the Japanese visual kei movement. When they disbanded in 1997, he focused on his solo career which started four years prior and went on to enjoy significant popularity. At the height of his fame, while recording his third studio album and about to launch an international career with the newly formed Zilch, he died in 1998 of what was ruled a suicide by hanging. He was seen as an icon for Japanese youth rebelling against their country's conformist society, and his death was labeled "the end of an era".


title: Hide (musician)

text: Hide was born at St. Joseph's Hospital in Midorigaoka, Japan, on December 13, 1964, and went on to attend Yokosuka Tokiwa Junior High School. He was first exposed to rock music at the age of fifteen, through the album "Alive II" by Kiss. That same year his grandmother bought him his first electric guitar, a Gibson Les Paul Deluxe.


title: Hide (musician)

text: On March 11, 1980, Hide graduated from Tokiwa Junior High School. He then entered Zushi Kaisei Senior High School in Zushi, Kanagawa, where he entered the school's brass band as a club activity. He quit the band after a short time because he was assigned the clarinet while he wanted to play the trumpet. After this, he concentrated on guitar and in 1981 formed the band Saber Tiger. A year after their founding, they started playing shows at live houses in Yokosuka, such as Rock City. Their live performances featured shock elements such as mannequins and raw meat.


title: Hide (musician)

text: In April 1983 he started studying cosmetology and fashion at the Hollywood University of Beauty and Fashion in present-day Roppongi Hills, from which he graduated in 1985. Later that year he took a nationwide examination and successfully obtained a beautician license. In July 1985 Saber Tiger released their self-titled EP, which included two songs, "Double Cross" and "Gold Digger". In November, the band contributed the song "Vampire" to the "Heavy Metal Force III" sampler, which also included songs by X.


title: Hide (musician)

text: In 1986 the group changed its name to Saver Tiger to avoid confusion with a similarly named band from Sapporo. Their first appearance with the new name was on the sampler "Devil Must Be Driven out with Devil", with their songs "Dead Angle" and "Emergency Express". They continued to perform in live houses and night clubs such as Meguro Rokumeikan, Omiya Freaks and Meguro Live Station until January 28, 1987, when Hide became tired of changing members and decided to end the band (vocalist Kyo and drummer Tetsu would both go on to D'erlanger), around the same time he was invited to join X. In 2001, Nippon Crown issued a three-volume release titled "Origin of hide", with the band credited as "Yokosuka Saver Tiger". Volumes 1 and 2 were live CDs, with some rehearsal recordings, while volume 3 was a concert VHS.


title: Hide (musician)

text: Hide joined X in February 1987, becoming the band's lead guitarist and occasional songwriter. X released their first album "Vanishing Vision" through drummer Yoshiki's own Extasy Records on April 14, 1988, and toured extensively in support of the record. They would become one of the first Japanese acts to achieve mainstream success while on an independent label, and were later widely credited as one of the pioneers of visual kei.


title: Hide (musician)

text: X's major label debut album, "Blue Blood", was released on April 21, 1989, and debuted at number six on the Oricon chart. Its success earned the band the "Grand Prix New Artist of the Year" award at the 4th annual Japan Gold Disc Awards in 1990. Their third album "Jealousy" was released on July 1, 1991, and debuted at number one, selling over 600,000 copies. It was later certified million by the RIAJ.


title: Hide (musician)

text: Shortly after the release of "Art of Life", which also topped the Oricon, the members of X Japan took a break, to start solo projects. Around that time, the group also dropped most of its original visual kei aesthetics, except Hide who would still perform in wildly colorful outfits and with his trademark red, later pink, hair. "Dahlia", which would become the band's final album to date, was released on November 4, 1996, and once again, it reached the number one spot. In September 1997 it was announced that X Japan would disband, they performed their farewell show, aptly titled "The Last Live", at the Tokyo Dome on December 31, 1997.


title: Hide (musician)

text: In early 1993, Hide recorded the "cyborg rock" song "Frozen Bug" with Inoran and J of Luna Sea under the band name M*A*S*S; it was included on the sampler "Dance 2 Noise 004". He also starred in an art film titled "Seth et Holth", along with Tusk of . In 1994, he recorded and released his first solo album "Hide Your Face", which reached number 9 on the Oricon chart. The album's musical style differed significantly from the speed metal anthems and power ballads of X Japan, leaning more towards alternative rock. He then went on the Hide Our Psychommunity Tour, for which a live band was hired that would later become his primary project, Hide with Spread Beaver.


title: Hide (musician)

text: In 1996, Hide oversaw the production of the first release on his own record label LEMONed, an album from the band Zeppet Store. Prior to starting his own label, Hide would introduce bands he liked to Yoshiki, who then signed them to Extasy Records, as he had done with Zi:Kill, Luna Sea and Glay. Oblivion Dust also credits early support from Hide for them getting a record deal. Hide's second solo album "Psyence" was released on September 2, it topped the Oricon and was followed by the Psyence a Go Go tour. He also formed a new band named Zilch in 1996, which apart from him and Spread Beaver programmer and percussionist I.N.A., was composed of American and British artists, such as Joey Castillo (Danzig), Paul Raven (Killing Joke) and Ray McVeigh (ex-The Professionals). After X Japan disbanded in 1997, he formally titled his solo project Hide with Spread Beaver, with his backing band considered full members. On August 26, 1997, he produced the Mix LEMONed Jelly event at four different Tokyo nightclubs on the same night.


title: Hide (musician)

text: Hide died at age 33 on the morning of May 2, 1998. After a night out drinking, he was found hanged by a towel tied to a doorhandle in his apartment in the Minami-Azabu district of Tokyo. He had returned to Japan just five days earlier, after a three-month stay in Los Angeles. On May 1, he and the members of Spread Beaver recorded for television shows and went out drinking, with his younger brother driving him home at roughly 6:30am the following morning. When found unconscious at around 7:30am, he was rushed to Japanese Red Cross Medical Center in Hiroo, where he was pronounced dead at 8:52 am by Japanese Red Cross Medical Center


title: Hide (musician)

text: Authorities officially deemed Hide's death a suicide, and it was reported in the media as such. Within one week, three teenage fans had died in copycat suicides. At the wake on May 6, which 10,000 people attended, a 19-year-old girl slit her wrists after laying flowers at the temple, and a car crash caused by sleep-deprived fans traveling from Osaka caused one death and seven serious injuries on a motorway. His remains were buried in Miura Reien in Miura, Kanagawa during a Buddhist memorial service. Approximately 50,000 people attended his funeral at Tsukiji Hongan-ji on May 7, where 56 people were hospitalized and 197 people received medical treatment in first aid tents due to a mixture of emotional exhaustion and heat, with the funeral taking place on the warmest day of the year so far, at 27 degrees Celsius (about 80.6 degrees Fahrenheit).


title: Hide (musician)

text: Several of Hide's friends and colleagues stated that they believed the auto-strangulation to have been an accident, among them X Japan co-founder Yoshiki and former X bassist Taiji. No suicide note was left and Taiji theorizes in his autobiography that on the night of his death, Hide may have been practicing a technique to relieve upper back and neck pains which guitarists can suffer from due to continuous use of a shoulder strap. The technique involved was practiced by the X Japan members during their touring days and required the use of a towel and a doorknob or handle. According to Taiji, Hide may have fallen asleep in his intoxicated state, becoming caught and strangling himself.


title: Hide (musician)

text: Zilch bassist Paul Raven said, "I saw him a few days before he passed away, and I had no indication from him that anything was wrong, other than that he was exhausted," but commented that Hide was "under a lot of stress," due to the recording schedule for the "Ja, Zoo" album. He went on to question the ultimate degree of Hide's involvement in the finished record, remarking that only three songs had been completed before he died. However, Hide's younger brother and manager stated in his 2010 book that six songs were completed by the time of his death. This is supported by the fact that I.N.A. is credited with additional arrangement on four of the album's ten tracks.


title: Hide (musician)

text: Later that month after his passing, the single "Pink Spider" was released, entering the Oricon chart at number one. The song was also named "Song of the Year" at the 13th Japan Gold Disc Awards and received the MTV Video Music Award in the category "Japan Viewers Choice". Sales were also strong for the follow-up single "Ever Free" which took its number one spot, while those of the single released prior to his death "Rocket Dive" would also see a substantial increase. American Journalist Neil Strauss commented on the trend saying that: "In just a few weeks, pop culture in Japan had gone from mourning Hide's death to consuming it."


title: Hide (musician)

text: Zilch's debut album "3.2.1." was released in July and reached number 2 on the Oricon chart, the group would continue to perform and record for several years. While they never achieved mainstream success in the United States one of their songs was included on the soundtrack for "Heavy Metal 2000". "Ja, Zoo" was released in November of that year with the artist listed as 'hide with Spread Beaver', formally crediting his backing band, also reached the number 2 position and sold over a million copies by the end of the following year. Despite Hide's death, Spread Beaver went through with the 1998 Tribal Ja, Zoo Tour from October through November, performing live with the addition of recordings, drawing an audience of 50,000 people. Footage from the tour was later released on DVD in 2005.


title: Hide (musician)

text: On May 1, 1999, a tribute album was released, titled "Tribute Spirits". It features covers of Hide's songs by several bands such as Buck-Tick, Luna Sea and Oblivion Dust, and solo artists including Tomoyasu Hotei and Cornelius. The album was released to coincide with the first anniversary of his death.


title: Hide (musician)

text: A Hide museum was opened in his hometown of Yokosuka on July 20, 2000. It has been reported that Japan's Prime Minister at the time, Junichiro Koizumi, was influential in getting it built as he is a big fan of X Japan. The museum remained open, past its original three-year plan, for five years, before closing its doors on September 25, 2005, with an estimated 400,000 people visiting.


title: Hide (musician)

text: Prior to his death, Hide and Yoshiki talked about restarting X Japan with a new vocalist in the year 2000. The surviving members of X Japan eventually reunited in 2007 and recorded a new song, "I.V.". It contains a previously unused guitar track by hide. Their first concert was held at the Tokyo Dome on March 28, 2008, during the performance of "Art of Life" a hologram of Hide (taken from footage of an "Art of Life" performance at the Tokyo Dome in 1993) played alongside the band. X Japan still considers Hide a member, and have introduced him at every concert they have performed since reuniting.


title: Hide (musician)

text: As far back as July 8, 2007, Yoshiki announced to be in talks with several musicians regarding a Hide tribute concert set for 2008, in order to commemorate the tenth anniversary of his former bandmate's death. The Hide memorial summit was held on May 3 and 4 2008 at Ajinomoto Stadium, with X Japan, Dir en grey, D'espairsRay, Versailles and many others performing, Luna Sea and Phantasmagoria even reunited for one day to perform. Hide with Spread Beaver also performed, using studio and live recordings for Hide's vocals. Organizers planned for an estimated 100,000 fans to attend the two shows. Prior to the summit, there had been tribute shows held every year since 2000, where bands performed on Hide's birthday and this continues to this day.


title: Hide (musician)

text: As with many other deceased musicians, re-issues, remixes, compilations and previously unreleased portions of Hide's work continue to be published. One of the most recent being "The Devolution Project", a release of his original eleven singles on picture disc vinyl, throughout 2010. On the 12th anniversary of his death, also in 2010, a memorial service was held at Tsukiji Hongan-ji with an estimated 35,000 people attending.


title: Hide (musician)

text: In August 2010, Hide's management company Headwax Organization, which includes his younger brother Hiroshi, filed a lawsuit against Yoshiki's management Japan Music Agency, for using images of the former X Japan guitarist without a formal agreement in place. The claim states that in 2000 the two companies signed an agreement allowing Yoshiki and X Japan to use visual images of Hide during concerts. However, images were used at X Japan's August 14 and 15 shows at Nissan Stadium, when apparently the contract had expired.


title: Hide (musician)

text: On March 8, 2011, a jukebox musical based on and featuring Hide's music debuted, named "Pink Spider" after his song of the same name. Hide had previously expressed his desire to make a"rock opera", and said that the story of "Pink Spider" is not finished in the single, it remains open, and the musical aims to follow this thought thread. The show stars both Nao Minamisawa and Hitomi Takahashi as Meru, a girl who likes rock music, struggling between the real world and a fictional one called Psychocommunity. Other cast members included Taka (defspiral) and J, with the backing band being the rest of defspiral. The production ran from March 8 to the 27 at the Tokyo Globe Theater and was then brought to Fukuoka, Kobe, Nagoya, Niigata, Sendai, and Sapporo in April. The musical production was overseen by I.N.A. A compilation album of the songs used in the musical (the original versions by hide) was released on March 2 and is titled ""Musical Number" -Rock Musical Pink Spider-".


title: Hide (musician)

text: At the end of 2012, a special project titled Hide Rocket Dive 2013~2014 ~20th Solo Works & 50th of Birth Anniversary was announced. It includes films shown in several locations on May 2, including some overseas, the re-opening of the Hide museum and plans to hold another Hide memorial summit festival. Two tribute albums, following the first in 1999, were released on July 3, 2013, and contain twenty-five tracks covered by newer visual kei acts such as heidi., Sadie, Matenrou Opera and Screw. Two more tribute albums were released on August 28, the first being covers of Hide's songs in a classical music theme, and the latter his song's remixed by Spread Beaver member INA. Two additional tribute albums were released on December 18 as the final installments, one composed of covers by female recording artists such as Koda Kumi and Kanon Wakeshima, and the other by rock acts including D'erlanger and Kinniku Shōjo Tai. The Hide Museum 2013 was in Odaiba from June 27 to July 28, when it moved to Universal Studios Japan in Osaka for August 7 to September 8. The exhibition include life size wax dolls of hide. The new live concert film "hide Alive the Movie -hide Indian Summer Special Limited Edition-" was shown in theaters throughout Japan. Special limited tickets to see the movie came with a thirteen-track live CD of songs from the depicted concert, which was recorded on September 8, 1996, at Chiba Marine Stadium.


title: Hide (musician)

text: In March 2013, Headwax Organization announced that Hide's grave site at Miura Reien was vandalized when unknown suspect(s) scratched the gravestone with a sharp object. They stated that if additional acts occur, the grave would be temporarily closed to the public. Hide "performed" with Super Band, a one-off band whose lineup altered per song, at Sodegaura Kaihin Koen on September 14, 2013, as part of Kishidan Banpaku 2013 hosted by Kishidan. Its members included J on bass, Hisashi Imai and Hisashi on guitar, Ken Morioka on keyboards, and Tetsu (D'erlanger) on drums. A previously unfinished song by Hide called has been completed by Yamaha and INA utilizing vocaloid technology to mimic the deceased musician's voice. The song was originally written and demoed for "Ja, Zoo" in 1998, took two years to finish and was included on an album by Universal Music released on December 10, 2014.


title: Hide (musician)

text: "Junk Story", a theatrical documentary on Hide that includes interviews with friends, staff and fellow musicians who knew him, entered theaters across Japan on May 23, 2015. Hide with Spread Beaver performed on October 15, 2016, at Makuhari Messe alongside X Japan and Glay as part of the second day of the Visual Japan Summit. A special Hide 20th Memorial Super Live Spirits was held at Tokyo Otaiba Yagai Tokusetsu Stage J Chikuon on April 28 and 29, 2018. In addition to Hide with Spread Beaver on both nights, other acts that performed over the two days included Buck-Tick, Oblivion Dust, Mucc and Tomoyasu Hotei. A multimedia box set titled "hide 1998 ~Last Words~" and containing five CDs, a DVD and two books was released on May 2. All conducted within the last few months of his life, the CDs contain radio interviews Hide gave on Nippon Broadcasting System and Bay FM 78, the DVD contains footage shot in Los Angeles while recording "Ja, Zoo", and the books republish interviews he gave to magazines such as "Rockin'On Japan" and "Fool's Mate". On May 26, a documentary film titled "Hurry Go Round" was released in theaters. Another tribute album titled "Tribute Impulse" was released on June 6 and features acts such as Dragon Ash, Takanori Nishikawa and Miyavi.


title: Hide (musician)

text: Using the 2010 book by Hide's brother Hiroshi and I.N.A.'s 2018 book as sources, Renpei Tsukamoto wrote and directed the live-action film about how Hiroshi and I.N.A. struggled to finish and release Hide's music after his death in 1998. Released on July 8, 2022, in addition to Tsubasa Imai as Hiroshi, actual musicians were cast for the roles of Hide and the members of Spread Beaver; Juon of the band Fuzzy Control as Hide, Takashi Tsukamoto as I.N.A., Naoki Kawano as Joe, Sex Machineguns bassist Shingo☆ as Chirolyn, Orito Kasahara as Kiyoshi, Yuuki Kubo as D.I.E., and Masato Kataoka as K.A.Z. I.N.A. mixed live recordings from the 1998 Tribal Ja, Zoo Tour for use in the film. Four of them were released digitally as "hide with Spread Beaver Appear!! "1998 Tribal Ja,Zoo" (Live) 2022 Mix" on July 6.


title: Hide (musician)

text: Hide's younger brother Hiroshi was his chauffeur and manager until his last days. Hiroshi has a son whom, during the Hide Our Psychommunity Tour, Hide would bring onstage and sing to. Hiroshi is the president of Hide's management company Headwax Organization, and also appears on "Ja, Zoo" reading an excerpt on "Pink Cloud Assembly".


title: Hide (musician)

text: During an interview for the television show "Rocket Punch!", recorded on May 1, 1998, Hide said he had a girlfriend. The identity of this girlfriend was never confirmed, as Hide died the following day.


title: Hide (musician)

text: Hide was a fan of Bow Wow guitarists Kyoji Yamamoto and Mitsuhiro Saito, and played the Mockingbird style guitar, which Saito used. Hide was rarely seen performing without a Fernandes guitar. He has many signature models with the company and owned a large repertoire of guitars by other manufacturers. His numerous signature models are still available for purchase today. One of his guitars, a 1959 Gibson Les Paul Standard, was once owned by Mick Mars of Mötley Crüe.


title: Hide (musician)

text: Hide was influenced by hard rock bands such as Iron Maiden, AC/DC and Bow Wow as well as punk rock acts such as The Clash and Sex Pistols. However, Kiss guitarist Ace Frehley was his idol and biggest influence. He preferred guitarists who make playing look "effortless" and who have "the skill, the looks and the attitude", naming Frehley, Jimmy Page and Joe Perry. He cited Bauhaus' guitarist Daniel Ash as an influence as well. Hide cited Iron Maiden's self-titled debut album for teaching him how to arrange twin guitar parts.


title: Hide (musician)

text: In X Japan, Hide is the second most credited songwriter to Yoshiki, and appears to have been the most experimental as well. The song "Xclamation" from 1989's "Blue Blood", co-composed with Taiji, included traditional Indian percussion; "Scars", a single written by Hide from 1996's "Dahlia", was a glimpse into his future experiments in industrial rock, according to Alexey Eremenko of AllMusic. "The Japan Times"s Philip Brasor commented that when Hide died, "Japanese metal lost its greatest practicing innovator."


title: Hide (musician)

text: At the outset of his solo career, Hide experimented with instrumentations very different from what he usually had access to in X Japan. The "Hide Your Face" opening track "Psychommunity", for example, has four guitar tracks and employs a full string section. As another example, "Blue Sky Complex" features guitars in drop C tuning, a trumpet section, and an organ. His solo music is also of genres uncharacteristic of X, with the bulk of his catalog being considered alternative rock. These works included influences ranging from pop rock to industrial rock.


title: Hide (musician)

text: His lyrics were often dark, with one TV host saying "A lot of what Hide did was grotesque. He's talked about suicide in his records for five years. But the fans who followed him always knew there was a Hide behind that who was a very solid character. He was very outspoken about freedom and doing what you want". His compositions "often set the tone of alienation and frustration for which X Japan was revered." Radio and TV host Bryan Burton-Lewis explained "In Japan, the image that we have of the X audience is rural kids going through a rebellion phase", "they all talk about how [hide] gave them something to live for." Japanese DJ Maki Yanai believes fans saw in him the rebel society would not allow them to be.


title: Hide (musician)

text: Hide is regarded as very influential to not only contemporary Japanese musicians, but also to his generation. X Japan is considered one of the founders of visual kei, a movement among Japanese musicians comparable to Western glam, and subsequently are influences to many newer bands. When they disbanded, Hide was the only member to carry on with the look and had the most successful solo career. As such, acts that cite him specifically as an influence include D'espairsRay, Miya of Mucc, Nightmare's Hitsugi, Syu of Galneryus, Hizaki and Teru of Versailles, members from heidi., Naoto of Deathgaze, DuelJewel's Shun, Kouichi of Laputa, Jui from Vidoll, Reo of lynch., Dir en grey vocalist Kyo and guitarist Kaoru, each member of DaizyStripper, Kohshi from Flow, members of MarBell, Head Phones President frontwoman Anza, DJ Ozma, Ami Suzuki, Silver Ash leader Ling, Chiemi Ishimoto from Mass of the Fermenting Dregs, Marilyn Manson and Minami Momochi. Ryuichi stated that Hide was a big influence on Luna Sea.


title: Hide (musician)

text: Hide has been compared to Kurt Cobain and Jimi Hendrix with regards to his impact on Japanese youth, having been "elevated to a 'guitar god' status." According to Josephine Yun, Hide's "stage persona was insolent, in your face, taunting and belligerent, and it thrilled Japanese youth while horrifying older generations. Many Japanese felt stifled by convention and identified with his naughty rebelliousness; he became a cult figure." Neil Strauss claims Hide "despised the music business and wanted to change it" and that he said he felt "trapped in the image of a pop star." According to Strauss, he "represented a generation of fans who felt alienated, and his death represented the end of a genre." "Billboard"s Steve McClure concurred; his "death means the end of an era", adding "X were the first generation of visual kei bands[...] For the next generation of bands, it's like: "That's it. The torch has been passed to us.""


title: Hide (musician)

text: X Japan guitarist Pata made numerous live appearances with the band and also appears on a couple studio recordings. Jennifer Finch and Demetra "Dee" Plakas, of American all-girl grunge band L7, supported Hide on a couple of TV performances in 1993 before Spread Beaver was formed, they also appear in the original promotional video for "Doubt".


title: Drunken boxing

text: Drunken boxing () also known as Drunken Fist, is a general name for all styles of Chinese martial arts that imitate the movements of a drunk person. It is an ancient style and its origins are mainly traced back to the Buddhist and Daoist religious communities. The Buddhist style is related to the Shaolin temple while the Daoist style is based on the Daoist tale of the drunken Eight Immortals. Zui quan has the most unusual body movements among all styles of Chinese martial arts. Hitting, grappling, locking, dodging, feinting, ground and aerial fighting and all other sophisticated methods of combat are incorporated.


title: Drunken boxing

text: Due to a scarcity of historical sources, it is nearly impossible to point to the time or place of drunken boxing's origin, nor to trace a credible lineage of teachers and students between drunken boxing's earlier documentation and present day practice. Drunken boxing probably appeared and disappeared in different places and at different times, with little more than common cultural and martial arts context to relate the different cases of drunken boxing with each other.


title: Drunken boxing

text: The earliest written reference to drunken boxing is probably in the classic novel Water Margin, in which the Song Dynasty rebel Wu Song is depicted as a master of drunken boxing.


title: Drunken boxing

text: In the kung fu manual "Boxing Classic" () from the 18th century, "Shàolín" monks are described as practicing the style of 8 drunken immortals boxing. This style is described as a technical derivative of "dì tàng quán".


title: Drunken boxing

text: The "Bā yǐng" "quán" (八影拳) lineage from Henan attributes its wine boxing to the Shaolin Kung Fu style.


title: Drunken boxing

text: Drunken boxing is not a single martial art with an established lineage and hierarchy, but rather a group of loosely related kung fu styles. In this respect, drunken boxing could also be understood as a phenomenon within kung fu. Furthermore, drunken boxing rarely appears as a complete and independent system, but rather as an advanced feature within a broader system. A martial art may include a few drunken boxing techniques, one or more drunken boxing forms, a complementary drunken boxing fighting tactic, or a more developed drunken boxing sub-system. A great variety of kung fu schools have drunken styles, but the two major schools are the Buddhist and Daoist styles:


title: Drunken boxing

text: Creation of the Buddhist style of zui quan is attributed to Shaolin temple. At the beginning of the Tang dynasty (618-907 AD), 13 monks from the Shaolin temple intervened in a great war to help Li Shimin against rebel forces. The role of the monks was prominent so Li Shimin, as the next emperor, appreciated the monks' help and bestowed on them officialdom, land, and wealth. In ceremony of the victory, he sent the temple a gift of meat and wine. Because of the emperor's permission, the monks could abandon the Buddhist rule of not consuming meat and wine. This happened around 621 AD and since then, some Shaolin monks have consumed wine.


title: Drunken boxing

text: According to some, the drunken style was first introduced in the Song dynasty (960-1279 AD). It is said that a famous martial artist named Liu Qizan accidentally killed a person and sought refuge in Shaolin to avoid trial and to repent. Despite his monastic vows, he still continued drinking wine. This was not tolerable by the monks and they wanted to expel him from the temple. While completely drunk after consuming a huge amount of wine, he defied and beat the monks, some say more than 30 monks. The abbot, after seeing this, praised his skill. This drunken style of combat was adopted from him by the monks and refined over the generations.


title: Drunken boxing

text: The most important Buddhist icons in Shaolin kung fu are Arhats, known in Chinese as Luohans. The same holds for the drunken style as a part of Shaolin kung fu, in which, the main character is the drunken luohan. Drunken luohan methods in Shaolin kung fu do not appear only in zui quan, but in some other styles as well. For example, in Shaolin luohan quan a drunken luohan steps forward, in Shaolin 18 luohan quan one of the 18 characters is a drunken luohan, and in Shaolin mad-devil staff a drunken luohan sways to the sides with disorderly steps.


title: Drunken boxing

text: As with other Shaolin styles, Shaolin zui quan is not a complete stand-alone system itself, but consists of a few barehanded and weapon forms which together with other forms and styles comprise the whole system of Shaolin quan. Every lineage of Shaolin monks may have one or two barehanded and one or a few weapon forms of zui quan. The main weapon is the drunken staff, but other weapons such as the drunken sword are also practiced. Though the technical contents are almost the same, the drunken forms of different lineages are different and their historical sources are mostly unclear.


title: Drunken boxing

text: The Daoist style of zui quan imitates the characters of the "Drunken Eight Immortals" (), which are a group of legendary immortals in Chinese mythology. First described in the Yuan Dynasty, they were probably named after the Eight Immortal Scholars of the Han. Most of them are said to have been born in the Tang or Song dynasty. They are revered by Daoists and are also a popular element in the secular Chinese culture. In drunken kung fu, the eight immortals are used as martial archetypes, or as eight sub-styles of drunken kung fu. Each immortal has his or her own strategy and mindset. This style is a complete system itself comprising 8 forms, each representing one of the eight immortal characters:


title: Drunken boxing

text: These elements combine to form a complete fighting art. This style has also several weapon forms. The main weapon is the drunken sword, but other weapons such as the staff are also used.


title: Drunken boxing

text: There are Northern and Southern versions of drunken monkey boxing, which is related to drunken boxing.


title: Drunken boxing

text: Drunken boxing is internal in nature, and emphasizes the role of jin. Movement is initiated in the dan tian area, and moves through the body distally towards the hands and feet. The musculature is kept as soft as possible.


title: Drunken boxing

text: Movement in drunken boxing is relatively unique among martial arts in the frequency and degree in which it deviates from vertical posture, with the torso bent and twisted in all directions. The default hand position is the "cup holding fist", which is a softly held semi-open fist that uses the knuckles to strike and the tips of the fingers to grab. Other hand positions are used, too, among them the phoenix eye single knuckle fist.


title: Drunken boxing

text: Many aspects of drunken boxing are specialized towards deception: continuous bobbing and weaving and slipping, feigning instability and lack of focus, attacking from unusual angles and seemingly weak positions, sudden changes of momentum, compounding multiple attacks with the same limb, use of blind-spots and visual distractions, changing game plans in mid-fight and employing concealed or improvised weapons.


title: Drunken boxing

text: Like many styles of kung fu, drunken boxing employs a wide variety of attacks, including striking, chin na and wrestling, with trapping range fighting as a default skill. Strikes and grabs are alternated with the hands striking as they extend towards the enemy and grabbing as they retract . The power for grabs is sometimes generated by dropping the body, either through slightly lifting the feet off the ground and then stomping down with the weight of the entire body or by falling to the prone.


title: Drunken boxing

text: Some styles of drunken boxing use traditional kung fu weapons, often the jian or gun. The "Bā yǐng quán" wine boxing system includes many weapons, including saber, spear, guan dao, flute, fan, gourd bottle, sash, sash tied to guard and more.


title: Joey Ryan (wrestler)

text: Joseph Ryan Meehan (born November 7, 1979), is an American retired professional wrestler and promoter.


title: Joey Ryan (wrestler)

text: During his early years as a professional wrestler, he founded the Southern California promotion Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (PWG) with five other wrestlers, where he held the PWG World and PWG World Tag Team Championships. He later appeared on the independent circuit, wrestling for promotions such as Ring of Honor, Wrestling Society X, Major League Wrestling and DDT Pro-Wrestling (where he held the Ironman Heavymetalweight Championship 43 times). Ryan also wrestled for the TV series Lucha Underground, Impact Wrestling and the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA), becoming NWA World Tag Team Champion with Karl Anderson in the latter. In NWA Championship Wrestling from Hollywood, Ryan served as head booker, and he was the promoter of Bar Wrestling. He was known for using his penis as part of his moves, most notably, the YouPorn-Plex.


title: Joey Ryan (wrestler)

text: During the Speaking Out movement in June 2020, Meehan was accused by several women of sexual misconduct and he was subsequently released from Impact Wrestling. He has denied the accusations and filed lawsuits against some of his accusers and Impact Wrestling.


title: Joey Ryan (wrestler)

text: Meehan is the youngest of three brothers and he remembers watching WrestleMania 2, when Jake Roberts used his snake. His favourite wrestlers were Hulk Hogan, Ricky Steamboat and the British Bulldogs. However, he didn't watch wrestling until the 1990s, because his school friends were fans. When WWF came to Anaheim, a man gave them tickets to an independent show. After watching the show, he decided to train. Meehan started his professional wrestling training in February 2000 with Jesse Hernandez's Empire Wrestling Federation in San Bernardino, CA under Bobby Bradley. During this time, Ryan (billed as Joey Shadow) was part of a gothic stable, teaming with fellow trainees Sid Shadow and


title: Joey Ryan (wrestler)

text: Stitches. He then went on to Rick Bassman's Ultimate Pro Wrestling in 2001 in Huntington Beach, CA and later El Segundo, CA where he trained under Tom Howard and Brian Kendrick to whom he credits with most of his training. He returned to training in 2004 at the Inoki Dojo in Santa Monica, CA under Bryan Danielson.


title: Joey Ryan (wrestler)

text: During his early years, Ryan became a regular at many southern California promotions including EWF and UPW where he trained, as well as Revolution Pro Wrestling where he had his first matches against Super Dragon and also competed against Mike Quackenbush and had his first inter-gender matches with Sara Del Rey. His first national exposure came when he was brought into Gary Yap's EPIC Pro Wrestling where he has matches against Xtreme Pro Wrestling (XPW) alum The Messiah, Frankie Kazarian and Brian Kendrick on high profiled cards featuring names like Sabu, New Jack, Vampiro, Christopher Daniels, Samoa Joe and Bryan Danielson.


title: Joey Ryan (wrestler)

text: After training at the Inoki Dojo, Ryan received his first television exposure from NJPW-USA Toukon Fighting Spirit. Although mostly used as an enhancement talent, he was able to get exposure by competing in matches against Bryan Danielson with CM Punk on commentary. On May 19, 2006, he competed in The Best of American Super Juniors Tournament, however losing to Roderick Strong in the first round.


title: Joey Ryan (wrestler)

text: Joey Ryan is one of the six founders of SoCal promotion Pro Wrestling Guerrilla, collectively known as the "PWG Six". PWG was formed when the founders grew tired of arguing with promoters, feeling they knew more about the inner workings of professional wrestling and could therefore promote and book shows more effectively. Meehan said that they went in with low expectations, never exceeding more than one show but if enough money was attained, the production of a second show would be the goal. He began in PWG as part of the X-Foundation with Funky Billy Kim and "The Professional" Scott Lost. They teamed together at PWG's first show, losing to the team of Adam Pearce, Hardcore Kidd, and Al Katrazz. Ryan then took part in the Bad Ass Mother 3000 tournament to determine the first PWG Champion. Ryan made it to the finals, but lost to Frankie Kazarian. Ryan then teamed with Scott Lost in the Tango & Cash Invitational tournament for the PWG Tag Team Championship. They made it to the semi-finals, but lost to Super Dragon and American Dragon. Ryan and Lost won the titles at the next show by defeating inaugural champions Homicide and B-Boy, but lost them in their first defense against Quicksilver and Chris Bosh. Ryan continued teaming with the X-Foundation, and regained the tag team titles with Scott Lost on June 19, 2004, at "Rocktoberfest". Problems began within the X-Foundation, leading to a ladder match between Joey Ryan and Scott Lost for the titles. Scott Lost won the match and chose Chris Bosh as his new partner. At "Use Your Illusion 4", Ryan lost a 60 Minute Iron Man match to Super Dragon.


title: Joey Ryan (wrestler)

text: After a brief absence, Ryan began teaming with Scott Lost and Chris Bosh, leading to uncertainty over his actions. He would then set out to prove that he is the best technical wrestler. He challenged and defeated wrestlers known for their great technical skills, such as Alex Shelley, Claudio Castagnoli, Rocky Romero, and Chris Hero. Though he won the matches, Ryan had to cheat and use help from Lost or Bosh to win, since he would usually be outwrestled each match. On December 3, 2005, at "Chanukah Chaos (The C's Are Silent)", Joey Ryan beat Kevin Steen for the PWG Championship after Super Dragon, who was feuding with the Champion, gave Steen two Psycho Drivers. He made his first defense at CZW's "Cage of Death 7" against El Generico. Ryan began defeating a number of wrestlers using some under handed tactic or a sheer stroke of luck on his behalf. It was around this time that Ryan changed his appearance to resemble Tom Selleck from Magnum, P.I., which included a big moustache. He even changed his finisher name from the Duff Drop to the Moustache Ride. Some of the wrestlers he has defeated include Chris Kanyon, Human Tornado, Chris Bosh, A.J. Styles, Emil Sitoci, Jonny Storm, Kevin Steen, Chris Sabin, Super Dragon, Necro Butcher, Frankie Kazarian, Davey Richards, and B-Boy. Ryan became at the time the longest reigning champion, and made the title a World title in the process by defending it in Europe.


title: Joey Ryan (wrestler)

text: He went on to form a stable known as The Dynasty, consisting of himself, Scorpio Sky, Scott Lost, and Chris Bosh. The four screwed the then PWG World Tag Team Champs Super Dragon and Davey Richards, ending their dominant reign as tag champs. Ryan would proceed to give Super Dragon a Mustache Ride through two tables, putting him on the shelf. After holding the PWG title for a little over a year, winning usually due to cheating and interference, Ryan lost the title to Human Tornado in a Guerrilla Warfare match on January 13, 2007, at "Based on a True Story". On January 27, 2008, Ryan and Scott Lost were awarded the PWG World Tag Team Championship after the titles were stripped off Super Dragon and Davey Richards. They eventually lost the belts to El Generico and Kevin Steen on March 21 at "1.21 Gigawatts". During the summer of 2009, Ryan attempted to stop Chris Hero's reign as the PWG World Champion in order to retain his record as the longest reigning PWG World Champion in history, but after he failed to regain the title in two separate title matches, Hero broke Ryan's record on August 17, 2009. Shortly afterwards Ryan turned face and on September 5, entered the 2010 Battle of Los Angeles, defeating Chuck Taylor in his first round match. The following night Ryan defeated Austin Aries and Claudio Castagnoli to advance to the finals, where he defeated Chris Hero to win the 2010 Battle of Los Angeles. After his win, Ryan dubbed himself "The Hollywood Submission Machine" and adopted a new submission finishing maneuver, the "End Scene". When Davey Richards was after the tournament stripped of the PWG World Championship, Ryan and the three other Battle of Los Angeles semi-finalists, Brandon Gatson, Chris Hero and Claudio Castagnoli, were placed in a four-way match to determine a new champion. On October 9, 2010, at "The Curse of Guerrilla Island", Ryan failed in his attempt to regain the PWG World Championship, when he was defeated by Claudio Castagnoli. Ryan received a one–on–one shot at the PWG World Championship on April 9, 2011, but was again defeated by Castagnoli. Afterwards, Ryan began regularly teaming with the returning Scorpio Sky and on August 20, the two defeated the RockNES Monsters (Johnny Goodtime and Johnny Yuma) to become the number one contenders to the PWG World Tag Team Championship. On September 10, Ryan and Sky failed to capture the PWG World Tag Team Championship from The Young Bucks (Matt and Nick Jackson). After signing a contract with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), Ryan wrestled his PWG farewell match on December 1, 2012, where he was defeated by Scorpio Sky.


title: Joey Ryan (wrestler)

text: Following his release from TNA, Ryan returned to PWG at the promotion's tenth anniversary event on August 9, 2013, teaming with Peter Avalon and Ryan Taylor in a six-person opener, where they were defeated by B-Boy, Candice LeRae and Willie Mack. On August 30, Ryan entered the 2013 Battle of Los Angeles, but was eliminated from the tournament in his first round match by Drake Younger. The following day, Ryan formed the Best Friends stable with Chuck Taylor and Trent? as the three defeated B-Boy, Tommaso Ciampa and Willie Mack in a six-man tag team match. Ryan also formed a partnership with Candice LeRae, which led to the two unsuccessfully challenging The Young Bucks for the PWG World Tag Team Championship on October 19. On July 27, 2014, Ryan and LeRae defeated The Young Bucks in a Guerrilla Warfare match to become the new PWG World Tag Team Champions. They lost the title to Monster Mafia (Ethan Page and Josh Alexander) on May 22, 2015, in the opening round of the 2015 DDT4.


title: Joey Ryan (wrestler)

text: Ryan has appeared in several matches as enhancement talent for the World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), competing against Rosey, Sylvan, The Gymini, Mark Henry, John Morrison, Super Crazy and two times against Big Show. On August 14, 2011, Ryan made an appearance at SummerSlam, portraying a fan during a match between Mark Henry and Sheamus. Two days later, Ryan wrestled a dark match at the "SmackDown" tapings in Bakersfield, California, losing to Bo Rotunda.


title: Joey Ryan (wrestler)

text: Wrestling Society X (WSX) was a short-lived professional wrestling-based television series produced in 2006 by Big Vision Entertainment. The weekly television series formerly aired on MTV, MTV2, MTV Tr3s, and over a dozen other MTV outlets throughout the world. WSXtra, an extra program featuring WSX matches and interviews not broadcast on television, was available on the promotion's MTV website and Video on Demand. Ryan was featured in a team with Disco Machine and together they formed That 70's Team. The duo instantly became cult favorites of the fans of the show. Ryan is most noted for his applying of baby oil, use of his inhaler and getting his wrestling trunks pulled down revealing his thong underwear all while in the ring during the show. The team is featured on episode 2 against Team Dragon Gate (Masato Yoshino and Genki Horiguchi), on episode 3 against D.I.F.H. (Jimmy Jacobs and Tyler Black), on episode 4 against Ruckus and Babi Slymm, on episode 6 against D.I.F.H. (Jimmy Jacobs and Tyler Black), on episode 8 against Trailer Park Boys (Nate Webb and Josh Raymond) and Quicksilver & Matt Classic and on episode 9 against D.I.F.H. (Jimmy Jacobs and Tyler Black).


title: Joey Ryan (wrestler)

text: In 2006, Ryan began regularly working for David Marquez's NWA brand, teaming with Karl Anderson to form The Real American Heroes. Ryan and Anderson entered into the Copa de Lucha tournament for the NWA in Las Vegas, Nevada representing America and reaching the finals before losing to the Mexico team of Los Luchas which began a feud between the two teams that lasted nearly two years. The return match in Las Vegas at the Fiesta Lucha event was a Flag Match that saw Ryan and Anderson align themselves with Adam Pearce and his manager C. Edward Vander Pyle. The Real American Heroes and Los Luchas faced off in Cage Matches, First Blood Matches and more at events in Phoenix, Arizona, Hammond, Indiana, Kissimmee, Florida and throughout Texas and California. At times, The Real American Heroes incited near riots from the crowds, most notably in Las Vegas, NV and in Houston, TX. On July 7, 2007, Ryan and Anderson defeated the teams of Billy Kidman and Sean Waltman and Sicodelico Jr. and Incognito to become the first post-TNA-era NWA World Tag Team Champions. After several attempts, Los Luchas captured the titles away from Ryan and Anderson on February 10, 2008, in Las Vegas. Soon after losing the titles, Anderson began working full-time for New Japan Pro-Wrestling and Ryan went on as a singles competitor in the NWA. He has had multiple shots at the NWA World Heavyweight Championship facing off against the likes of Blue Demon Jr., Adam Pearce and Colt Cabana only to fall short each time. In 2010, he was a part of the launch of NWA Championship Wrestling from Hollywood and heavily featured with standout matches against T. J. Perkins and Scorpio Sky. In early 2011, he took over booking for the TV show which lasted until August when he had a falling out and left the company. He returned to the company in late 2011. In 2012, Ryan seemingly rejoined the tag team ranks in the NWA by forming an alliance with Johnny Goodtime.


title: Joey Ryan (wrestler)

text: Joey Ryan is a well traveled veteran of the independent scene and along with those mentioned above, he has also made multiple appearances for such promotions as Revolution Pro Wrestling (Rev Pro), All Pro Wrestling (APW), Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW), Independent Wrestling Association Mid-South (IWA-MS), Chikara, Anarchy Championship Wrestling (ACW), Xtreme Pro Wrestling (XPW), Full Impact Pro (FIP), Mach One Wrestling (M1W), International Wrestling Cartel (IWC), Juggalo Championship Wrestling (JCW), Pro Wrestling Bushido and more. In 2008, Joey Ryan became an instructor at Rick Bassman's Ultimate University, the wrestling school for Ultimate Pro Wrestling (UPW). Ryan was brought in as an assistant trainer on the CMT television series Hulk Hogan's Celebrity Championship Wrestling. In 2009, he became a trainer at Mach One Wrestling's Wrestling 101. Ryan has also become a staple at Lucha Va Voom, a hybrid variety show of wrestling, burlesque dancing and comedy based out of Los Angeles. In addition to their regular Los Angeles shows, he has toured the country with the company including Chicago, New York, Boston, Baltimore, Seattle among other stops. Ryan plays a variation of his "Magnum" character but uses Rupert Holmes' "Escape (The Piña Colada Song)" as his entrance music and smokes cigarettes during matches and applies baby oil to his body before he competes. In 2011, Ryan was featured as a trainer on RuPaul's Drag Race Season 4, Episode 2. In October 2011, Meehan took part in the first season tapings of Wrestling Retribution Project (WRP), where he performed as Chase Walker, with actress Trish LaFache as his valet. Meehan traveled to India in late 2011 and early 2012 to take part in Ring Ka King, which was created by Jeff Jarrett and backed by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling, where Dave Lagana (both worked in CWFH and ROH) worked. In the promotion he performed as Joey Hollywood, often teaming with Tony Broadway. On July 28, 2012, Ryan participated in a Vendetta Pro Wrestling event in Lompoc, California, participating in the main event for the vacant Vendetta Pro Heavyweight title, losing to Chavo Guerrero Jr. On December 7, 2012, he lost the EWF Heavyweight Championship to Brandon Gaston.


title: Joey Ryan (wrestler)

text: On July 21, 2013, Ryan returned to Championship Wrestling from Hollywood (now, outside NWA) as the CWFH International Television Championship (also MAV Television Championship). On November 3, 2013, Ryan defeated Drake Younger to retain the title. Ryan lost the title against Ryan Taylor on May 11, 2014. However, he regained the title at Red Carpet Rumble on June 15, 2014. on June 14, 2014, at House of Hardcore 6, Ryan defeated Tommasco Ciampa.


title: Joey Ryan (wrestler)

text: On June 21, 2015, Ryan traveled to Australia, where he competed in an 8-man tournament for the Queensland Wrestling Alliance to crown the QWA Global Champion, which Ryan won.


title: Joey Ryan (wrestler)

text: On September 19, 2015, Ryan made his Japanese debut for the DDT Pro-Wrestling promotion, defeating Tomomitsu Matsunaga. During his tour of DDT, Ryan took part in a comedy spot, where he used his penis to overpower Danshoku Dino. Video of the spot went viral and led to Ryan being featured on the "New York Daily News", "Rolling Stone" and "Vice", while also getting him a sponsorship deal with YouPorn Sports. Ryan returned to DDT in May 2016, winning the comedic Ironman Heavymetalweight Championship, which he then took on an extended tour of the United States, losing and winning it multiple times over the following months. When Ryan returned to Japan in August 2016, he was a 22-time Ironman Heavymetalweight Champion. He has since won the title multiple times, including once on March 20, 2017, at . In March 2017, Ryan brought the title back to the United States for a tour.


title: Joey Ryan (wrestler)

text: On November 10, 2019, Ryan won the vacant Kansas Wrestling Revolution Championship by defeating King Money in the main event of ""Wrestleversary"" The promotion's one year anniversary show. During the match Ryan flipped 7 people (One Percent members, King Money, Merrick McMichaels, Havoc, The Outlaw, Prince Mahalli, Colt Killbane, and Trixie) using his signature move "The Dick Flip".


title: Joey Ryan (wrestler)

text: In April 2009, Ryan appeared in several ROH Video Wires, promoting his debut. Ryan made his official debut as a part of The Embassy on May 9, teaming with Jimmy Rave and Claudio Castagnoli to defeat Brent Albright, Colt Cabana and Erick Stevens. He made his first appearance on "Ring of Honor Wrestling" television on September 18, losing to Cabana. Ryan would then go on to defeat Roderick Strong in his second match on ROH on HDNet, with help from Prince Nana. He would go on to feud with Colt Cabana and on several occasions join fellow Embassy member Claudio Castagnoli battling against his rival Brent Albright. Ryan would eventually begin a rivalry with Necro Butcher including a No Disqualification match on November 6, 2009. During his feud with Necro Butcher, Erick Stevens would turn heel and join The Embassy and Ryan and Stevens would be frequently featured as a team in tag team matches. The Ryan and Stevens duo faced teams such as Briscoe Brothers and Player Uno and Player Dos but their most prolific matches came against the team of Necro Butcher and Eddie Kingston including a Street Fight at the 8th anniversary show on February 13, 2010.


title: Joey Ryan (wrestler)

text: After Ring Ka King, his friend Dave Lagana presented him to Al Snow and Bruce Prichard, who decided to use him in Gut Check. On May 24, 2012, Ryan made an appearance on Total Nonstop Action Wrestling's (TNA) "Impact Wrestling" television program, losing to Austin Aries in a Gut Check Challenge. The following week, the Gut Check judges decided not to sign Ryan to a TNA contract based on his performance. Before the match, Hulk Hogan and Eric Bischoff told him that they like him and he want to use him in the future. He was a heel in the promo and insulted Taz, who was upset due to his attitude. Ryan returned to TNA on the June 28 episode of "Impact Wrestling", interrupting Taeler Hendrix's Gut Check evaluation, before being escorted out of the arena. On the July 3 edition of Vendetta Pro Wrestling's "Vendetta Pro Radio", Ryan was a guest host, when he was confronted live on air by TNA Gut Check judge Taz. Ryan made his next appearance on July 26, punching Gut Check judge Al Snow during another Gut Check Challenge match. Ryan again appeared on the August 30 episode of "Impact Wrestling", confronting Snow with a megaphone and throwing a drink in his face, before being chased out of the building. Ryan and Snow had another confrontation the following week, which ended with Snow slapping Ryan. On the October 4 episode of "Impact Wrestling", Ryan met Snow in the ring and received an apology for the slap, before signing what he thought was a TNA contract. Snow then revealed that Ryan had actually signed a contract for a match between the two at Bound for Glory.


title: Joey Ryan (wrestler)

text: On October 14 at Bound for Glory, Ryan defeated Snow, following interference from Matt Morgan, to earn a TNA contract. On the October 25 episode of "Impact Wrestling", Ryan and Morgan entered the ring, after Rob Van Dam had successfully defended the TNA X Division Championship against Zema Ion, with Morgan hitting him with the "Carbon Footprint", after which Ryan posed with his title belt. The following week, Ryan defeated Van Dam in a non-title match with help from Morgan. On November 11 at Turning Point, Ryan unsuccessfully challenged Van Dam for the X Division Championship. On December 9 at Final Resolution, Ryan and Morgan unsuccessfully challenged Chavo Guerrero Jr. and Hernandez for the TNA World Tag Team Championship, after losing to them via disqualification. Ryan and Morgan challenged Guerrero and Hernandez again on January 13, 2013, at Genesis, but were again unsuccessful in winning their titles. After not being seen for several weeks, Ryan returned on March 10 at Lockdown, losing to Joseph Park in a singles match. On July 3, 2013, Ryan was released from his contract, along with several other TNA talents including Crimson, Madison Rayne and Christian York. On October 21, 2019, Ryan re-signed with the company after appearing in the Bound for Gold gauntlet match at Bound for Glory. During the following months, he started a stable with Rob Van Dam and Keira Forbes called Cancel Culture, changing his ring name to Joseph P Ryan.


title: Joey Ryan (wrestler)

text: On June 22, 2020, it was announced that Ryan's contract with Impact was terminated following sexual assault allegations against him.


title: Joey Ryan (wrestler)

text: On December 14, 2015, it was announced that Ryan signed with Lucha Underground and would appear on the show's second season. His character was introduced as an undercover Los Angeles police officer, and the new partner of fellow undercover officer Cortez Castro (although their cover will be that they are enemies). He lost his debut match on the February 17, 2016 episode of "Lucha Underground" against Cage. On the May 25 episode of "Lucha Underground", Ryan defeated Mascarita Sagrada. During the third season, Ryan allied himself with Dario Cuerto, revealing Castro is a cop. They started a feud, ending in a Police match with an Aztec Medallion on the line. During season 4, Ryan turned face and worked with Ivelisse and Sonny Kiss. He was released on March 26, 2019.


title: Joey Ryan (wrestler)

text: In March 2021, a poster for an event called Wrestling 4 Women Charity circulated online featuring Ryan and several other wrestlers. It was subsequently revealed that Ryan's Bar Wrestling was involved with promoting the event. All Elite Wrestling (AEW) promoter Tony Khan stated that he would not allow AEW talent to appear if Ryan was involved. A Twitter account for the event stated that FITE TV would be airing the show, however the organization said on Twitter that they were not carrying the event. It subsequently issued an apology, cancelled the event and deleted the account. Ryan denied that he was "trying to come back to wrestling" and said he had been asked to "wrestle a good friend as a way to go out and gain some closure".


title: Joey Ryan (wrestler)

text: Ryan's wrestling persona was described by the "Los Angeles Times" as a "macho, mustachioed playboy who wore Speedos and sunglasses." Ryan uses the "YouPorn Plex" as a signature move, a crotch flip with theatrics. The move, also known as the penis flip, sees the opponent grab Ryan's crotch before Ryan supposedly uses his penis to flip them over.


title: Joey Ryan (wrestler)

text: Ryan stated on episodes 251 of the Dude Soup podcast that his persona's look is inspired by 1980s characters such as Magnum P.I.


title: Joey Ryan (wrestler)

text: In February 2016, Meehan got engaged to his girlfriend, fellow wrestler Laura James, after proposing to her during their intergender match at Finest City Wrestling in San Diego. The couple married in November 2016. Meehan and James separated in October 2018, before filing for divorce in June 2019.


title: Joey Ryan (wrestler)

text: Meehan worked at Disneyland for three months in a "probationary status" before he was dismissed in June 2022.


title: Joey Ryan (wrestler)

text: On February 6, 2019, it was reported that Joey Ryan, Ivelisse Vélez, Thunder Rosa and El Hijo del Fantasma (King Cuerno) had collectively filed a class-action lawsuit in California against the El Rey Network and the Baba-G production company behind Lucha Underground. The group claimed that their Lucha Underground contracts were not legal under California law, unfairly restricting their ability to work in their chosen profession. On March 28, 2019, it was reported that the lawsuit was settled with the plaintiffs released from Lucha Underground.


title: Joey Ryan (wrestler)

text: In June 2020, at least 17 women accused Meehan of sexual assault and harassment. After initial accusations surfaced, Meehan posted a lengthy message on his Twitter account, apologizing for invading people’s personal space. After that message was posted, a number of women posted on Twitter allegations of misconduct. Wrestlers Joey Janela and Ryan Nemeth (former roommate of Meehan), who previously worked for Meehan at Bar Wrestling, have spoken against Meehan.


title: Joey Ryan (wrestler)

text: Bar Wrestling's venue, Bootleg Theater, ended their relationship with the company due to the allegations. Several people told the "SoCal Uncensored" website the promotion has ceased operations. On June 23, 2020, Impact Wrestling announced they terminated his contract as a result of the allegations. He was also edited out of every episode of "Being the Elite" in which he appeared.


title: Joey Ryan (wrestler)

text: Meehan addressed the allegations in an hour-long video posted on July 18, 2020. He has denied nearly every accusation against him, showing messages between himself and the women which he says shows evidence to dispute the claims made.


title: Joey Ryan (wrestler)

text: On September 24, Meehan filed a multi-million dollar lawsuit against three of his accusers for defamation, in which he has stated he has lost upwards of $20,000 a month. The lawsuit includes loss of followers on social media, loss of revenue from various projects, merchandise, wrestling, and various other revenue streams; and multi-million dollar monetary relief. The lawsuit also states that Meehan wants defamatory statements retracted and or deleted. He filed another lawsuit in October, suing Impact Wrestling for $10 million for allegedly breaching his contract for firing him after the allegations were made against him. Meehan won a default judgment against one of his accusers on January 20, 2021, but a judge dismissed the lawsuit involving all three accusers without prejudice in February due to lack service, meaning Meehan retains the right to file against them again. However, Meehan dropped some of the lawsuits and stated that the only lawsuit he intends to pursue is the one against Impact.


title: Joey Ryan (wrestler)

text: On March 8, 2021 in a statement released to SoCal Uncensored, Meehan stated for the past eight months, he has been attending weekly Sex and Love Addicts Anonymous meetings both in-person and on Zoom for his addictions of intrigue and validation and the emotional high he gets from pursuing women.


title: Indra (2002 film)

text: Indra is a 2002 Indian Telugu-language action drama film directed by B. Gopal and produced by C. Aswani Dutt under Vyjayanthi Movies banner. The film stars Chiranjeevi, Sonali Bendre, and Aarthi Agarwal, while Sivaji, Mukesh Rishi and Prakash Raj play supporting roles with music composed by Mani Sharma. The film won three state Nandi Awards and two Filmfare Awards South with Chiranjeevi winning both the Nandi Award for Best Actor and Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu.


title: Indra (2002 film)

text: Released on 24 July 2002, the film was a major commercial success. Grossing more than on a budget of , the film ended up becoming the highest-grossing Telugu film in history at the time. This film was dubbed and released into Tamil as "Indhiran" and in Hindi as "Indra: The Tiger". It was later dubbed into Bhojpuri as "Indra Ek Sher". "Indra" was remade in Indian Bengali as "Dada" (2005) and in Bangladeshi Bengali as "Goriber Dada" (2006).


title: Indra (2002 film)

text: In a village in Rayalaseema, the two clans of Bharatasimha Reddy and Veera Siva Reddy respectively engage in constant violence leading to the deaths of people from both clans. In order to end the violence, a Police inspector allies the families with a marriage proposal of Bharatasimha Reddy's brother Vijayasimha Reddy with Siva Reddy's sister. However the plan goes awry when, on the night after the wedding, Siva Reddy's sister kills Vijayasimha Reddy by putting poison in his milk, though she also dies in the process as Vijayasimha asks her to take a sip first. With the betrayal revealed, Siva Reddy and his men then kill Bharatasimha as well. Siva Reddy is arrested and goes to prison for 14 years. With both brothers now dead and no other adult male being brave enough to take the place of the brothers as clan leader, Bharatasimha's son, Indrasena 'Indra' Reddy, volunteers himself upon hearing the desperate pleas of his paternal grandmother, setting up a powerful scene in which he takes a sword and sits on the throne to the delight of his grandmother and the rest of the clan.


title: Indra (2002 film)

text: In 2002, Varanasi, truthful and honest, Shankar Narayana makes ends meet, working as a taxi driver and owns a boat. During a singing competition held in his niece's college, her friend Pallavi, daughter of Uttar Pradesh's governor Chenna Kesava Reddy falls in love with Shankar and starts to live in his home acting as an orphaned girl. Upon finding his daughter missing, Chenna Kesava Reddy investigates and learns that she staying with a taxi driver and he sets out to Shankar Narayana's home and sends out an attack on his family upon seeing him, he drops his plans of attacking him and greets him by folding his hands, requesting him to marry Pallavi. However, Shankar Narayana refuses owing to the responsibility of getting his niece Nandhini married. An orphaned youth named Giri who has become Shankar Narayana's right-hand man confesses his feelings for Nandhini and the latter arranges a marriage between the duo. However, his trust goes in vain as a woman named Snehalatha Reddy gatecrashes the wedding and reveals that Giri is actually Veera Manohar Reddy, son of Veera Shankar Reddy, Siva Reddy's elder son and Snehalatha addresses Shankar Narayana as Indrasena Reddy perplexing his adoptive family. After the latter and Pallavi confronts Indra, Valmiki, his trusted associate who is misunderstood to be a mute person narrates his past.


title: Indra (2002 film)

text: Indra / Shankar Narayana is held in high regard in his village where he used to work for the benefits of people and arranged a ritual to assure rains for the droughted village. Siva Reddy was released from prison and received a letter from Indra, who warned him not to enter the village and cause violence. Enraged, Siva Reddy gatecrashed the ritual and instigated Indra, who was compelled to kill him for good. Snehalatha Reddy, who happens to be Siva Reddy's daughter returned from USA at the same time while Veera Shankar Reddy vowed vengeance for killing his father. One day, Indra saved a young boy from being overrun a truck and didn't regret his decision after learning that he is Veera Shankar Reddy's younger son. Unwilling to have a son saved by an enemy, Veera Shankar Reddy kills his own son despite the pleas of his wife and Snehalatha and tells his servant to dump the body in front of Indra's home.


title: Indra (2002 film)

text: Enraged, Indra carries the boy's corpse back to Veera Shankar Reddy's home and puts Shankar Reddy in his place by powerfully rebuking the latter's act of false pride. Indra allows the boy's mother a chance to see her son for the last time before burying the boy in front of the home and having a Tulasi sapling planted over his grave to represent the boy's soul. Indra tells the boy's mother to water the plant daily and simultaneously warns Veera Shankar Reddy that he will be killed if anything should happen to the plant.


title: Indra (2002 film)

text: Snehalatha fell in love with Indra due to this and told him that she will marry none other than him. Since the town was suffering from drought, Indra consulted Chenna Kesava Reddy, ex-collector of their district and learnt that government needed the lands of Siva Reddy's family to build a reservoir. Indra had a formal meeting with villagers and Veera Shankar Reddy's family where the latter demanded his whole property and asked him to leave the village forever after reservoir is built to which Indra accepted and Snehalatha asked him to marry her as compensation since she had a share in those lands. Indra eventually reciprocated her love after learning that she truly loved him. One the day of the marriage, Veera Shankar Reddy had Indra's sisters and their husbands murdered in a bomb blast orphaning Nandhini and her brother Pradip unbeknownst to Snehalatha. Enraged, Indra murdered Veera Shankar Reddy's three brothers and stabbed him while Snehalatha was manipulated into believing that Indra staged the plan of marriage. To raise his nephew and niece, Indra left his village and came to Varanasi.


title: Indra (2002 film)

text: At present, Nandhini attempts to commit suicide since she is pregnant out of wedlock with Manohar Reddy's child. Upon learning this, Indra returns to his village, barges into Veera Shankar Reddy's home and warns Manohar Reddy that he must make things right by marrying Nandhini. Meanwhile Snehalatha learns the truth from a relative that her brothers had in fact killed Indra's sisters and their husbands on her wedding day. Snehalatha upon hearing this revelation regrets mistaking Indra and tries to take Manohar Reddy to Nandhini but is attacked in mid-path. Indra intervenes at the vital moment and fights off the goons, but does not kill Veera Shankar Reddy as he wants to end the cycle of revenge and the fighting between the two clans once and for all. Manohar Reddy marries Nandhini, and afterwards Snehalatha and Pallavi both unsuccessfully try to convince Indra to marry them. The film ends with Indra stepping outside his front doorstep and seeing that a large crowd has gathered in front of his home in order to express their support for him and his desire to end the fighting in Rayalaseema once and for all. Indra has devoted his life to the people of Rayalaseema and is unwilling to be distracted from his duty by getting married and having a family.


title: Indra (2002 film)

text: The audio soundtrack of Indra was released on the evening of 14 June 2002 at a neatly erected set in the first floor of Annapurna Studios. This event was a private affair between Chiru fans and the Vijayanthi movie unit. The celebrities who graced this occasion were the Paruchuri brothers (dialogue writers), Aswini Dutt (producer), Chinni Krishna (story writer), VSR Swamy (cinematographer), Sirivennela Seeta Rama Sastry (lyrics writer) and Chiranjeevi. The function started off with a welcome by Raghu Kunche and Suma. Gemini TV covered this event and it was telecast as a 30-minute capsule on Gemini TV. Chiranjeevi selected a coupon from the lucky dip box and called the lucky fan to the stage. Chiranjeevi opened the audio box and handed over the first cassette to that fan, who was so elated that he tried to touch Chiranjeevi's feet, but Chiranjeevi stopped him from doing so. The audio hit the market on 17 June 2002.


title: Indra (2002 film)

text: "Indra" was released on 24 July 2002 in 268 screens, including 223 in Andhra Pradesh, 30 in Karnataka, three in Odisha and 15 in the United States. It grossed more than on a budget of . The film ended up becoming the highest-grossing south Indian film of that time. It held the record of being the first Telugu movie to collect over crores during the first week and until Pokiri broke the record in 2006.


title: Indra (2002 film)

text: Jeevi of "Idlebrain.com" gave a rating of 4.5 out of 5 stating, "First half is a perfect blend of mass and class elements. It's extraordinary. The interval scene gives the right finishing touch to the first half."


title: Indra (2002 film)

text: "Indra" is one of the biggest hits in Chiranjeevi's film career. It remained the highest grossing Telugu film of all time for four more years till "Pokiri" (2006).


title: Indra (2002 film)

text: The film had an excellent run on Hindi television channels through the dubbed version "Indra: The Tiger". Saudamini Jain of "Hindustan Times" wrote in 2015, "For a decade now, the Telugu blockbuster "Indra" dubbed in Hindi as "Indra The Tiger" seems to have become a permanent fixture on TV." TV and film writer Mushtaq Sheikh said of the film, "When I was heading Sahara One (in 2010-11) we had these perpetual, evergreen films: whenever you needed ratings, you could close your eyes and screen them. "Indra" was one of them." CEO of Applause Entertainment Sameer Nair noted, “We used to play "Indra: The Tiger" and our ratings were sorted for two weeks."


title: Northumbria University

text: Northumbria University (legally the University of Northumbria at Newcastle) is a UK public university located in Newcastle upon Tyne, North East of England. It has been a university since 1992, but has its origins in the Rutherford College, founded in 1877.


title: Northumbria University

text: Northumbria University is primarily based within City Campus located in Newcastle upon Tyne city centre and at Coach Lane campus on the outskirts of the city centre, London and Amsterdam. It is organised into four faculties — Arts, Design and Social Sciences; Business and Law; Engineering and Environment and Health and Life Sciences. Northumbria University has approximately 37,000 students.


title: Northumbria University

text: Northumbria is a member of the Association of Commonwealth Universities, Universities UK and the Wallace Group.


title: Northumbria University

text: According to the Results of the 2021 Research Excellence Framework, Northumbria University is 28th in the UK for Quality-related (QR) power. This determines how much funding is awarded to universities to spend on research activity. As a result, Northumbria is ranked in the top 25 in the UK for research power (the grade point average score of a university, multiplied by the full-time equivalent number of researchers submitted).


title: Northumbria University

text: The University is ranked top 25 in the UK for the number of graduates entering professional employment, with nine out of ten graduates working or studying six months after graduation.


title: Northumbria University

text: Northumbria University has its origins in three Newcastle colleges: "Rutherford College of Technology", which was established by John Hunter Rutherford in 1877 and opened formally in 1894 by the Duke of York (later King George V), the "College of Art & Industrial Design" and the "Municipal College of Commerce". In 1969, the three colleges were amalgamated to form "Newcastle Polytechnic". The Polytechnic became the major regional centre for the training of teachers with the creation of the "City College of Education" in 1974 and the "Northern Counties College of Education" in 1976.


title: Northumbria University

text: In 1992, Newcastle Polytechnic was reconstituted as the new University of Northumbria, as part of a nationwide process in which polytechnics became new universities. It was originally styled, and its official name still is, the "University of Northumbria at Newcastle" (see the Articles of Government) but the trading name was simplified to "Northumbria University" in 2002. In 1995, it was awarded responsibility for the education of healthcare professionals, which was transferred from the National Health Service.


title: Northumbria University

text: In 2017, the university was fined £400,000 after a sports science experiment gave volunteers a hundred times the safe dose of caffeine. Two student volunteers were given a dose of 30g instead of 0.3g, because staff conducting the experiment tried to calculate the dose on a mobile phone calculator and misread the decimal point. Both were hospitalised and one reported loss of short-term memory. A court hearing heard that the university had not trained staff in safety and had not carried out a proper risk assessment, and that the dose was above the level known to cause risk of death.


title: Northumbria University

text: Northumbria was named the UK University of the Year 2022 by Times Higher Education. The award was given in recognition of Northumbria's transformation over more than a decade into a research-intensive modern institution. The judging panel stated "The scale of [Northumbria's] ambition, the rigour and effectiveness with which is has been pursued and its role in transforming lives and supporting its region all make it a deserving winner."


title: Northumbria University

text: The university has two large campuses situated in Newcastle and one in London. City Campus, located in the centre of Newcastle upon Tyne, is divided into City Campus East and City Campus West by the city's central motorway and linked by a £4 million bridge which in 2008 was officially opened by the former Minister of State for Trade and Investment, Lord Digby Jones.


title: Northumbria University

text: City Campus East is home to the Schools of Law, Design and the Newcastle Business School (NBS). NBS and Law are housed in one building, and the School of Design is across a courtyard.


title: Northumbria University

text: City Campus East, designed by Atkins, opened in September 2007, winning awards from The Journal newspaper and the Low Carbon New Build Project of the Year accolade.


title: Northumbria University

text: City Campus West is home to the Schools of Arts & Social Sciences, Built & Natural Environment, Computing, Engineering & Information Sciences and Life Sciences. Also located on this campus is the University Library, Students' Union building and Sport Central, a £31m sports facility for students, staff and the community which opened in 2010.


title: Northumbria University

text: The Sutherland Building, formerly the Medical School of Durham University, which was a naval warehouse during World War II, and the Dental School of Newcastle University (1945–78) is the home of is the home of the University Executive team and new world-class studios for Architecture students, designed by Page\Park architects, which opened in 2019.


title: Northumbria University

text: Administrative Departments including Finance & Planning and Human Resources, are based in Pandon Building.The Students' Union building, at City Campus West, underwent a multimillion-pound makeover with new lobby and recreational facilities, and a refurbished bar and cafe space, in summer 2010.


title: Northumbria University

text: In 2018 a £7m building for Computer and Information sciences was opened in City Campus West in place of the demolished Rutherford Hall.


title: Northumbria University

text: A second campus is located 2.6 miles (4km) outside Newcastle, on "Coach Lane", and is known as the "Coach Lane Campus" at Cochrane Park near the A188 ("Benton Road"). It is in the Dene ward near Longbenton and round the corner from Tyneview Park; a large Department for Work and Pensions office, accessible via the Four Lane Ends Interchange.


title: Northumbria University

text: The Coach Lane Campus is home to a number of areas of the Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, in particular the Departments of Nursing, Midwifery and Health and Social Work, Education and Community Wellbeing, as well as the Police Constable Degree Apprenticeships programmes. Coach Lane Campus has computing and library services; and sports facilities, including indoor courts, a fitness suite, outdoor rugby and football pitches, and an all-weather floodlit pitch.


title: Northumbria University

text: The London Campus offers full-time or part-time programmes, from a range of Business, Computing, Cyber, Project Management and Technology focused programmes to approximately 2,500 students. The campus is delivered in partnership with QA Higher Education, part of QA, the UK’s largest corporate training provider. The campus is near Liverpool Street station, close to the heart of London’s financial district


title: Northumbria University

text: Northumbria University has an international campus based in Amsterdam, Netherlands through a partnership with Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences where it offers accredited postgraduate qualifications and the opportunity for undergraduates to experience overseas studies.


title: Northumbria University

text: Northumbria  offers programmes in the disciplines of law and business, arts and design, engineering, mathematics, physics computing, geography and environmental sciences, architecture and built environment, applied sciences and healthcare, sports science, humanities and social sciences, psychology, nursing, social work and teacher education.


title: Northumbria University

text: Northumbria University employs more than 3,100 people and offers undergraduate, postgraduate, CPD and degree apprenticeship programmes through four Faculties:


title: Northumbria University

text: In September 2007, Northumbria University opened its new Newcastle Business School building on the site of the former Warner Brothers cinema as part of a £136m city campus east development. Newcastle Business School is the only university in the UK to hold double AACSB accreditation for business and accounting which makes them form part of an elite group of 190 institutions worldwide to hold this. As of 2020, The university also holds accreditation for EPAS in 21 different undergraduate programmes, more than any other university in the UK. Newcastle Business School has also developed relations with a wide range of other professional bodies. As a result, the university can offer a wide range of professional exemptions in its programmes such as the Accountancy degree which holds exemptions from many of the top accountancy boards including ICAEW, ACCA, and CIMA.


title: Northumbria University

text: In 2015, Newcastle Business School was the winner of ‘UK Business School of the Year’ at the Times Higher Education Awards.


title: Northumbria University

text: Northumbria Law School is located within City Campus East where it shares its building with Newcastle Business School.


title: Northumbria University

text: Northumbria Law School is the largest law school within the north-east of England. It is part of only six institutions outside of London that provides the Bar Professional Training Course. Northumbria Law School is located within City Campus East where it shares its building with Newcastle Business School.