title: Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme

text: In 1988 the Indianapolis Motor Speedway chose Oldsmobile to pace “The Greatest Spectacle in Racing”, with retired United States Air Force General Chuck Yeager behind the wheel. Traditionally a manufacturer builds many pace car replicas, often thousands. But in 1988 Oldsmobile chose to build only 50 Cutlass Convertible Indy Pace Car editions. All 50 (used on track on race day and in 500 Festival activities) were essentially hand-built. General Motors/Oldsmobile contracted Cars and Concepts of Brighton, Michigan to build each of these 50 unique cars. Following the race 50 very select Oldsmobile dealers were given the opportunity to purchase one of these cars. The price was set at full invoice price for a standard International Series coupe (~$14,000) plus the cost of the convertible conversion (an additional $13,997). Each was highly optioned, including the first-ever application of Heads Up Display in an American production vehicle developed by Hughes Electronics. After the 50 were in the dealers' hands across the country, General Motors discovered some issue with the certification of these one-off models. Each dealer was asked to return them to GM (where they were to be destroyed) and receive full credit of their purchase price. Most of the 50 were returned for credit, but a few dealers objected and kept their cars, leaving (by all accounts) less than 10 in the general population. Mr. Thomas Knobloch, a second-generation Oldsmobile dealer in Erie, Pennsylvania was one of those dealers who refused to relinquish his car. He instead held on to it as a collectible. Realizing its incredible rarity and place in both GM/Oldsmobile and Indy 500 history, he drove less than over his many years of ownership. The Knobloch family sold the car after his death.


title: Jamala

text: Susana Alimivna Jamaladinova (born 27 August 1983), known professionally as Jamala, is a Ukrainian singer. She represented and won the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 in Stockholm, Sweden, with her song "1944" about the Deportation of the Crimean Tatars. In 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2022 she served as a judge at "Vidbir", the Ukrainian national selection for the Eurovision Song Contest.


title: Jamala

text: Susana Dzhamaladinova was born in Osh, Kirghiz SSR, to a Muslim Crimean Tatar father and an Armenian mother. Her Crimean Tatar ancestors were forcibly resettled from Crimea to the central Asian republic under Joseph Stalin during World War II, although her own relatives fought on the Soviet side. In 1989 her family returned to Crimea. Her maternal ancestors are Armenians from Nagorno-Karabakh region They were well-to-do peasants until her great-grandfather's land was confiscated and he was exiled to Osh where he changed his Armenian name to make it sound more Russian.


title: Jamala

text: Her parents divorced for about four years so that her mother could purchase a house in Crimea for the family under her maiden name. During this period, Soviet authorities did not allow ethnic Crimean Tatars, like her father, to purchase property in Crimea.


title: Jamala

text: Jamala has been fond of music since her early childhood. She made her first professional recording at the age of nine, singing 12 folk and children's Crimean Tatar songs. She entered the Simferopol Music College and later graduated from Tchaikovsky National Music Academy of Ukraine as an opera singer, but preferred a career in pop music.


title: Jamala

text: On 14 February 2010, she released her first single "You Are Made of Love" from her debut studio album "For Every Heart". She released "It's Me, Jamala" as the second single on 18 October 2010. On 23 November 2010, she released "Smile" as the third single from the album. Early in 2011, she participated on the national selection show in an attempt to represent at the Eurovision Song Contest with the song "Smile". The song was a crowd favorite and Jamala herself managed to land a spot in the finals of the competition. However, she later decided to withdraw from the competition. On 12 April 2011, she released her debut studio album "For Every Heart" through Moon Records Ukraine. On 8 November 2012, she released "Ya Lyublyu Tebya" (, ) as the lead single from her second studio album "All or Nothing".


title: Jamala

text: She released "Hurt" as the second single, and "Kaktus" (, ) was released on 6 March 2013, as the third and final single from the album. She released "All or Nothing" on 19 March 2013, through Moon Records Ukraine. On 25 September 2014, she released "Zaplutalas" (, ) as the lead single from her debut EP "Thank You". The EP was released on 1 October 2014, through Enjoy Records. On 26 March 2015, "Ochyma" was released as the lead single from her third studio album. "Shlyakh dodomu" (, ) was released as the second single on 18 May 2015. On 15 June 2015, "Podykh" (, ) was released as the third single. She released her album "Podykh" on 12 October 2015, through Enjoy Records.


title: Jamala

text: Jamala successfully represented in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 with the song "1944". The song is about the deportation of the Crimean Tatars in 1944 and particularly about her great-grandmother, who lost her daughter while being deported to Central Asia. Jamala wrote the song's lyrics in 2014. In the second semi-final of the contest, Jamala performed 14th and was one of ten participants who qualified for the grand final. It was announced later that she placed second, scoring 287 points, and won the televoting with 152 points On 14 May 2016, Jamala won the competition with 534 points. Jamala's song was considered by Russian media and lawmakers to be critical of the Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014 and the "ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine" in Donbas.


title: Jamala

text: After her Eurovision Song Contest victory, she was awarded the title People's Artist of Ukraine by then-Ukrainian president Petro Poroshenko. She has then continued to release new music, including "I Believe in U", which she performed at the Eurovision Song Contest 2017 as an interval act, along with "Zamanyly".


title: Jamala

text: On 17 May 2016, Poroshenko announced that the Ukrainian Foreign Ministry would be nominating Jamala as a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador.


title: Jamala

text: On 12 October 2018, Jamala released her fifth studio album, "Kryla". The title track was released as the first single on 21 March 2018. She had previously performed the track as the interval act for the 2018 Ukrainian national selection for the Eurovision Song Contest, "Vidbir".


title: Jamala

text: On 26 April 2017, Jamala married Bekir Suleimanov. Their relationship became known in September 2016, when she appeared with him at the Manhattan Short Film Festival. The couple married in the Kyiv Islamic Cultural Center using the traditional wedding ceremony Nikah. Suleimanov had recently graduated from the Physics and Mathematics Department of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv and is an activist of the Muslim Crimean Tatar community.


title: Jamala

text: In November 2017, Jamala announced that she and Suleimanov were expecting their first child together. On 27 March 2018 their son Emir-Rahman Seit-Bekir ogly Suleimanov was born.


title: Jamala

text: Jamala's mother tongue is Russian, and she is also fluent in Ukrainian which she learned as an adolescent. She has also written a few songs in Crimean Tatar.


title: Jamala

text: In February 2022, amidst the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, she and her two children left Ukraine and initially took refuge in Romania, before eventually landing in Turkey.


title: Honda Accord (sixth generation)

text: The sixth generation Honda Accord was available as a four-door sedan, a two-door coupe, five-door hatch (Europe only) and station wagon (Japan only) and was produced by Honda from September 1997 (for the 1998 model year) to 2002 and from 1998 to 2003 in Europe.


title: Honda Accord (sixth generation)

text: For the sixth generation, Honda split the Accord into three separate models, designed for the Japanese, North American, and European markets. However, the wagon was discontinued in North America while the coupe was discontinued in Japan. This generation also spawned two distinctively branded performance versions for European and Japanese domestic markets, dubbed Type R and Euro R, respectively.


title: Honda Accord (sixth generation)

text: On the origin of these models, it is rumored that with the advent of the sixth generation Accord, "Honda England were let loose to build a car that would compete with Subaru and Mitsubishi's Evo. They came up with the Accord Type R, a lightened (around 1200 kg) track version with no sound deadening or luxuries". Honda Japan followed suit in 2000, "took the Accord Type R and developed the Accord Euro R (hence the 'Euro'pean tag)" which has a similar chassis, suspension that is interchangeable with European model, same engine (slightly detuned for European Type R), and nearly identical interior trim.


title: Honda Accord (sixth generation)

text: The Japanese models, introduced on September 4, 1997, became narrower than the previous generation, returning to the favorable compact car tax bracket, except for Euro R and wagon, which were classified as the larger mid-sized classification. A nearly identical related car, the Honda Torneo, replaced the previous Honda Ascot and the Honda Rafaga in Japan, which was sold at both "Honda Verno" and "Honda Primo" Japanese dealerships, while the Accord remained at "Honda Clio" locations. This was the last generation that was badge engineered as the Isuzu Aska.


title: Honda Accord (sixth generation)

text: When the previous generation Accord grew in exterior dimensions, this reclassified the Accord as a mid-size car in Japan. The second generation Honda Inspire was manufactured in two platforms, with the smaller G20A five-cylinder engine installed in a shorter and narrower sedan that complied with "compact" regulations. This effort reflected Honda's positioning of "Honda Clio" as a luxury car dealership that sold the luxury sedans Honda Legend and Honda Inspire, similar to their efforts in North America with the Acura brand. Honda continued to offer the Accord station wagon in Japan. All trim levels sold in Japan were available with Honda's newly created, internet-based telematics service called Internavi.


title: Honda Accord (sixth generation)

text: The Euro R included a "red top" variation of H22A engine producing 220 PS (162 kW; 217 hp) at 7,200 rpm & 163 ft·lbf (221 N·m) at 6,500 rpm, 5-speed T2W4 manual transmission with helical Torsen LSD, Recaro seats, leather-wrapped MOMO steering wheel, sports suspension, sports exhaust (including 4–2–1 stainless headers) and an aluminum-alloy gear shift knob. It was also fitted with a unique factory body kit that included flares and was available in some colors not available to other Accords (such as Milano Red). The Accord (sold at "Honda Clio" locations) and the Torneo (sold at "Honda Verno" and "Primo" locations) are the same car, aside from minor cosmetic differences in the exterior, most notably front of the car.


title: Honda Accord (sixth generation)

text: The 2002 model was named the Euro-Rx. This model came with a few slight modifications from the 2000/2001 model. These included factory rear privacy glass, a titanium gear knob, optional Red-checker interior (original gold-checker) and bronze coloured alloy wheels. The high-stop spoiler also became standard on all models. Honda also addressed two common issues that had become apparent. The ECU was upgraded to resolve the issue of cold-starts causing hesitation on acceleration and the gearbox syncros were upgraded to a higher quality alloy to lengthen their lifespan.


title: Honda Accord (sixth generation)

text: The SiR-T model included a 2.0-litre F20B engine rated at 7200 rpm ( at 7000 rpm for automatic models) and at 6600 rpm ( at 5500 rpm for automatic models), 11.0.1 compression, 85 mm X 88 mm (Bore and Stroke) 7400 rpm redline. The H-series DOHC VTEC engines were limited to 7800 rpms. The F20B had a unique blue valve cover and like all the larger displacement Honda engines, the F20B was mounted with a tilt towards the driver. F20B engines could rev at higher rpms than H22As because it had a shorter stroke. The F20B had an 85 mm x 88 mm bore and stroke when compared to an H22A which had an 87 mm x 90.7 mm bore and stroke. The F20B was also classified as a low emissions engine.


title: Honda Accord (sixth generation)

text: The Accord SiR was based on the SiR-T, but used the S-Matic automatic transmission with sequential manual shift mode. The engine was rated at at 7000 rpm and at 5500 rpm. Moving the gear-stick over to the right allowed manual selection of 1st, 2nd, 3rd or 4th gear using up and down shift actions just like the sequential gearboxes used on the JGTC NSX. When a particular gear is selected, the gear stays in position at all rpm. When pushed against the rev limiter, the engine would bounce against it just like a manual. However, the gear ratios for each gear were the same as the normal mode. The transmission still worked like a normal automatic transmission in all other operating modes.


title: Honda Accord (sixth generation)

text: The SiR wagon model included the only 2.3-liter H23A DOHC VTEC H-series engine in the Honda line-up. The H23A engine was rated at 200 hp / 190 hp (AWD) at 6,800 rpm and torque of at 5,300 rpm, 10.6:1 compression, X bore and stroke, and a 7200 rpm redline which is slightly lower than other H-series VTEC engines from factory. The H23A also came with a blue valve cover and was the largest displacement of the H-series Honda engines. The H23A was mounted with a tilt towards the driver. The H23A had a longer stroke than the H22A. Specifications for the H23A were; X bore and stroke and H22A has X bore and stroke. The H23A had better acceleration because the peak torque occurred sooner at lower rpm when compared to the H22A.


title: Honda Accord (sixth generation)

text: The American Accord was only available in sedan and coupe form, becoming the largest Accord to date, sharing a platform with the Japanese market Honda Inspire/Acura TL. While previous generations of the Accord Coupe had very similar exterior styling that made it a two-door version of the contemporary Accord four-door sedan, the 1998 Coupe was the first to be given an exclusive front fascia, rear tail lights (which resemble those found on the NSX), wheels, and other unique body panels not shared with the sedan, and was now marketed as a somewhat separate series, the "Accord Coupe", to set it away from the more family-oriented sedan. This differentiation enabled the Coupe, which was exported to other markets, to fit in more easily with the local Accord versions. The tail light appearance was duplicated on the Japanese market Honda Domani for the second generation of production. The coupe's design was styled by Don Herner and directed by lead designer Eric Schumaker into August 1995 in Torrance, CA. It was later scanned as a clay model and transferred to engineering in August 1995 at Honda R&D in Raymond, Ohio. It was developed by Honda engineer Laura Minor into production form until January 1996, being then developed into prototypes for testing.


title: Honda Accord (sixth generation)

text: Starting with this generation, cabin air filters (also known as pollen filters) were installed as standard equipment and are located behind the glove compartment internationally.


title: Honda Accord (sixth generation)

text: F/G development began in January 1993 (during final development of the CD), with design work starting later that year. A design for the sedan by Shinji Takashima and Toshihiko Shimizu was chosen in January 1995 and later frozen for production by the middle of 1995. Prototype test mules were tested from mid-1995 in CD Accord body panels, with full body prototypes being used from 1996. Design patents were filed on March 8, 1996, with development ending in March 1997. Sedan mass production began in August 1997, with customers deliveries starting on September 23, 1997. Coupe production began in September 1997, going on sale on November 4, 1997.


title: Honda Accord (sixth generation)

text: For the 1998 model year, the sedan was offered in DX, LX, LX-V6, EX and EX-V6 trims, while the Accord Coupe was offered only in LX, LX-V6, EX and EX-V6 trims. The DX model was fitted with a 2.3L I4 non-VTEC engine rated at , while the LX and EX included a 2.3L I4 VTEC engine rated at . All 4-cylinder models, except for the "SE", came with a 5-speed manual transmission standard, and with a four-speed automatic as optional equipment. The SE was only available with the automatic transmission. The DX remained the value-oriented trim with no audio system, manual windows, manual locks, no cruise control, rear drum brakes and 14-inch steel wheels. The DX Value Package added a radio-cassette player, air conditioning and cruise control; this was known as the Accord DX in Canada where it was the base model of the lineup. The LX trim added power windows, power locks, door courtesy lights and 15-inch steel wheels; the SE (Special Edition) package available since 1999 added 15-inch alloy wheels and optional leather trim, but was only available with the 4-speed automatic. The EX trim added a CD player, power moonroof, ABS, alloy wheels, keyless entry, rear disc brakes, and upgraded cloth. For the first time, optional leather seating arrives to the Accord EX trim. All V6 sedan and coupe models received the 3.0L V6 SOHC VTEC engine rated at and (derived straight from the Acura 3.0 CL), ABS and automatic transmission. Some dealer-installed options included: gold finish kit, gold finish exhaust tip(s), gold finish wheel center caps, 6-disc in-dash CD changer, tape deck, fog lights, wing spoiler, alarm system, car cover and accessory chrome wheels and had standard leather seats with an 8 way power driver seat.


title: Honda Accord (sixth generation)

text: In Australia, the sixth generation Accord went on sale in December 1997, and was initially imported from the United States. However, in 1999, the Accord became the first Honda in Australia to be imported from Thailand. In March 2001, the Accord received a facelift, while at the same time, the option of a manual transmission was dropped. New colour choices with the facelift included Naples Gold, Signet Silver and Nighthawk Black, the first time that black was offered in an Australian market Accord.


title: Honda Accord (sixth generation)

text: In September 2000, both the American-market Accord sedan and coupe received a minor facelift. A new front fascia, rear bumper, side skirt alteration, new taillights and wheel designs freshened the Accord's look. The interior saw few changes with the exception of some fabric and audio configuration changes. The LX and LX-V6 now included a standard CD player, and the EX 4-cylinder now included a 6-disc in-dash CD changer with cassette player while the EX-V6 offered that stereo plus automatic climate control. All V6 models also included a traction control system that could be disabled by a switch, the first Accord to have such a system included. The Special Edition returned to the coupe and sedan models for its final model year, 2002. It included all the features of the LX, but added exclusive alloy wheels, keyless entry and a single CD/cassette radio. In the Philippines, only the sedan was available and offered in VTi and VTi-L trims. The VTi model was fitted with a 2.0L I4 VTEC engine rated at while the top VTi-L trim was fitted with a 2.3L I4 VTEC engine rated at . Both models are available with either a 5-speed manual transmission or a 4-speed automatic transmission.


title: Honda Accord (sixth generation)

text: Honda made the decision to continue this generation of Accord an extra year. Previously, the Accord ran four years on a single body-style and facelift before being redesigned. The typical Accord generation cycle was a 2:4 trend, with a newly released model running for years 1 and 2 unaltered, then getting a facelift for years 3 and 4 before a major redesign. This generation would run a total of 5 years in a 3:5 trend, with the facelift occurring in year four. Accord sales remained steady despite the additional year.


title: Honda Accord (sixth generation)

text: Despite the Accord's reputation for reliability, the V6 models were plagued by transmission failures and prompted class action lawsuits against the company (4-cylinder models were also affected, but not to the same extent). This caused Honda to extend the warranties for the 2000 through 2001 models to seven years or . 1998, 1999 and 2002 cars were considered for extended coverage on a case-by-case basis. No formal recall occurred. In Canada, recall letters were sent out to owners who fell within a certain VIN range; this warranty was later re-extended for some owners to seven years in length.


title: Honda Accord (sixth generation)

text: Beginning in 1997 at launch, Accord keys were equipped with immobilizer microchips. In late 1998, the Accord was equipped with foldable mirrors. In 2001, the Special Edition was added and the DX Value Package was re-introduced for 2002 models.


title: Honda Accord (sixth generation)

text: The 1998 Accord was also assembled in New Zealand at the very end of overall CKD car production due to the abolition of import tariffs on built cars which made local assembly uneconomic. 1,200 examples of the car (the mid-sized U.S. sedan version) were built before the Honda New Zealand factory was closed; the very first Honda-owned factory operation to be closed down) and the equipment (which included a paint shop acquired from Nissan when that automaker closed its Australian manufacturing unit in 1994) was shipped to other Honda assembly units, mainly in Asia. Small numbers of Accords were imported (right hand drive) from the U.S. before sourcing switched to Thailand once Accord assembly began there. The Thai factory continues to supply New Zealand with the latest generation Accord and now also ships that line and other Honda models to Australia and elsewhere in Southeast Asia.


title: Honda Accord (sixth generation)

text: Concerns over airbag safety plagued the Japanese automaker. The company announced it was recalling vehicles citing driver's airbags that deploy with too much force during collisions. Honda says 2,430 faulty airbags were installed as repairs to customer vehicles after a collision. But since the company cannot accurately track down which Honda received the flawed airbags, Honda broadened its search to include the 2001–2002 Accord. Since November 2008, Honda has recalled some 1.7 million of its cars for airbag concerns. At its last similar expanded recall in February 2010, Honda said the too-powerful airbags have been involved in 12 incidents, including one fatality. As of February 2018, 24 deaths and 240 injuries have been attributed to Takata Airbags worldwide. The NHTSA has 37 million vehicles under recall for their replacement.


title: Honda Accord (sixth generation)

text: The European Accord, also made in Swindon, was different in its styling and was also shorter than the Japanese- and American-market Accords. It was available as a sedan and a 5-door hatchback (liftback), with the U.S.-imported coupe completing the range. The design approval of the sixth generation Accord came in early 1995.


title: Honda Accord (sixth generation)

text: The standard Accord featured more items than the base models of similar cars (Ford Mondeo, Peugeot 406, Opel/Vauxhall Vectra, etc.) in its class. The basic S came with ABS, alarm, engine immobilizer, and air-conditioning, with the SE added the options of metallic paint, cruise control, climate control and later, satellite navigation. The 1998–1999 ES version came with all those features (except the satellite navigation optional), as well as a walnut and leather trimmed interior with heated front seats. This model was renamed as the SE Executive in late 1999.


title: Honda Accord (sixth generation)

text: The EU version had a minor facelift in 2001 including a revised grill, alloy wheels, bumpers and both rear and front lights. In 2001, the trim range was expanded with a Type-V; with leather trim as standard equipment, satellite navigation and a tiptronic automatic transmission as optional. The Sport model, which was as the SE, came with modified styling, spoiler, and a color-coded side skirt (as opposed to black plastic).


title: Honda Accord (sixth generation)

text: Other engines included a 1.8 L F18B VTEC engine rated at , a 2 L F20B6 VTEC engine rated at , as well as a 1.6 which was the entry level engine not offered in the United Kingdom, it produces . The Type-V model (2001–2003) included the F23Z5 VTEC engine, it was the largest engine that European 6th-gen Accord offered.


title: Honda Accord (sixth generation)

text: The Type-R, Type-V, and Sport trims can had a badge on the front grill and hood lid, though the pre-facelift models only signified Type-R on the front. The top of the range SE Executive only became identified as such in 2000 with a badge 'SE EXECUTIVE' on the hood lid. Walnut trim interior was also dropped for the SE Executive during the facelift, while a new climate control system was added.


title: Honda Accord (sixth generation)

text: The Accord Type R was a performance variant of the standard Accord, sold in European markets. Apart from a similar yet different body, the European Type R is largely identical to the Japanese CL1 Euro R, including the same "red top" H22A engine; however, in a H22A7 version (compared to H22A for Euro R) producing a lower output at 212 PS (156 kW; 209 hp) at 7,200 rpm and 164 lb·ft (222 N·m) at 6,700 rpm (compared to 220 PS (162 kW; 217 hp) for Euro R). The engine was mated to U2Q7 5-speed manual transmission with helical Torsen LSD. Recaro seats, leather-wrapped Momo steering wheel, stiffer suspension, dual exhaust (including 4–2–1 stainless headers), and an aluminum-alloy gear shift knob also came standard. Like the Euro R, the Type R was fitted with a factory body kit. Other differences from the standard model include hydraulic power steering on the Type R.


title: Honda Accord (sixth generation)

text: The R model was facelifted in 2001 with updates to the bumpers and fog lights, but removing the factory fitted bodykit. The electric radio aerial was also replaced, with a smaller "Bee Sting" style aerial situated at the rear of the roof line. The 5-speed gearbox was revised with stronger synchros in response to a number of failures on the earlier cars, and the exhaust was fitted with more subtle tips, angled downwards and unpolished in comparison to the pre-facelift's straight chrome tips. The interior and other parts stayed identical.


title: Bagger 293

text: Bagger 293, previously known as the MAN TAKRAF RB293, is a giant bucket-wheel excavator made by the German industrial company TAKRAF, formerly an East German Kombinat.


title: Bagger 293

text: It owns or shares some records for terrestrial vehicle size in the "Guinness Book of Records". Bagger 293 was built in 1995, one of a group of similar sized 'sibling' vehicles such as the Bagger 281 (built in 1958), Bagger 285 (1975), Bagger 287 (1976), Bagger 288 (1978), Bagger 291 (1993).


title: Bagger 293

text: It is used in a brown coal mine near Hambach in Germany. It is called Bagger 293 by its current owner, RWE Power AG (the second-largest energy producer of Germany). It was called RB293 by its former owner, the brown coal company Rheinbraun, which in 1932 became a daughter company of RWE. During an internal reshuffle in 2003 it merged with another daughter company to form RWE Power AG. Manufacturer TAKRAF generally refers to it as an excavator of the type SRs 8000.


title: Bagger 293

text: Bagger 293 is 96 metres (314.9 feet) tall (the Guinness World Record for heaviest terrestrial vehicle, shared with Bagger 288). It is 225 metres (738.2 feet) long (same as Bagger 287), weighs 14,200 tonnes (31.3 million pounds), and requires five people to operate. It is powered by an external power source providing 16.56 megawatts. The bucket-wheel itself is over 21.3 metres (69.9 feet) in diameter with 18 buckets, each of which can hold over 15 cubic metres (529.7 cubic feet) of material.


title: Pioneer Corporation

text: Pioneer played a role in the development of interactive cable TV, the LaserDisc player, the first automotive Compact Disc player, the first detachable face car stereo, Supertuner technology, DVD and DVD recording, the first AV receiver with Dolby Digital, plasma display (with the last 2 years of plasma models being branded as Kuro, lauded for their outstanding black levels) and Organic LED display (OLED). The company works with optical disc and display technology and software products and is also a manufacturer. BMW, Volkswagen Group and Daimler AG of Germany jointly acquired a 3% ownership stake in Pioneer through a joint venture company called Here B.V. Most of Pioneer's shares are held by Mitsubishi.


title: Pioneer Corporation

text: In March 2010, Pioneer stopped producing televisions as announced on 12 February 2009. On June 25, 2009, Sharp Corporation agreed to form a joint venture on their optical business to be called Pioneer Digital Design and Manufacturing Corporation. In September 2014, Pioneer agreed to sell Pioneer Home Electronics (Home A/V) to Onkyo, and in March 2015, Pioneer sold its DJ equipment business division to KKR, which resulted in the establishment of Pioneer DJ as a separate entity, independent of Pioneer. In June 2021, Voxx International announced that it had finalized a licensing agreement with the Pioneer and Pioneer Elite brands "for all markets, except China" as part of their acquisition of Onkyo.


title: Pioneer Corporation

text: Pioneer also supplies genuine audio equipments and head units installed for Daihatsu automobiles marketed in Indonesia since the launch of Daihatsu Xenia in 2004.


title: Pioneer Corporation

text: Pioneer Karaoke Channel () is a satellite television channel that features Asian music videos and karaoke 24 hours a day. Pioneer and Malaysian satellite broadcaster Astro officially launched on 1 June 1996.


title: Pioneer Corporation

text: More recent optical drives allow the user to specify different operation modes using bundled software:


title: Electric multiple unit

text: An electric multiple unit or EMU is a multiple-unit train consisting of self-propelled carriages using electricity as the motive power. An EMU requires no separate locomotive, as electric traction motors are incorporated within one or a number of the carriages. An EMU is usually formed of two or more semi-permanently coupled carriages, but electrically powered single-unit railcars are also generally classed as EMUs. The great majority of EMUs are passenger trains, but versions also exist for carrying mail.


title: Electric multiple unit

text: EMUs are popular on commuter and suburban rail networks around the world due to their fast acceleration and pollution-free operation. Being quieter than diesel multiple units (DMUs) and locomotive-hauled trains, EMUs can operate later at night and more frequently without disturbing nearby residents. In addition, tunnel design for EMU trains is simpler as no provision is needed for exhausting fumes, although retrofitting existing limited-clearance tunnels to accommodate the extra equipment needed to transmit electric power to the train can be difficult.


title: Electric multiple unit

text: The Liverpool Overhead Railway opened in 1893 with two-car electric multiple units, controllers in cabs at both ends directly controlling the traction current to motors on both cars.


title: Electric multiple unit

text: The multiple unit traction control system was developed by Frank Sprague and first applied and tested on the South Side Elevated Railroad (now part of the Chicago 'L') in 1897. In 1895, derived from his company's invention and production of direct current elevator control systems, Frank Sprague invented a multiple unit controller for electric train operation. This accelerated the construction of electric traction railways and trolley systems worldwide. Each car of the train has its own traction motors: by means of motor control relays in each car energized by train-line wires from the front car all of the traction motors in the train are controlled in unison.


title: Electric multiple unit

text: The cars that form a complete EMU set can usually be separated by function into four types: power car, motor car, driving car, and trailer car. Each car can have more than one function, such as a motor-driving car or power-driving car.


title: Electric multiple unit

text: On third rail systems, the outer vehicles usually carry the pick up shoes with the motor vehicles receiving the current via intra-unit connections.


title: Electric multiple unit

text: Many modern two-car EMU sets are set up as twin or "married pair" units. While both units in a married pair are typically driving motors, the ancillary equipment (air compressor and tanks, batteries and charging equipment, traction power and control equipment, etc.) are shared between the two cars in the set. Since neither car can operate without its "partner", such sets are permanently coupled and can only be split at maintenance facilities. Advantages of married pair units include weight and cost savings over single-unit cars (due to halving the ancillary equipment required per set) while allowing all cars to be powered, unlike a motor-trailer combination. Each car has only one control cab, located at the outer end of the pair, saving space and expense over a cab at both ends of each car. Disadvantages include a loss of operational flexibility, as trains must be multiples of two cars, and a failure on a single car could force removing both it and its partner from service.


title: Electric multiple unit

text: Some of the more famous electric multiple units in the world are high-speed trains: the Italian Pendolino and Frecciarossa 1000, Shinkansen in Japan, the China Railway High-speed in China, ICE 3 in Germany, and the British Rail class 395 Javelin. The retired New York–Washington "Metroliner" service, first operated by the Pennsylvania Railroad and later by Amtrak, also featured high-speed electric multiple-unit cars, known as the Budd Metroliner.


title: Electric multiple unit

text: EMUs powered by fuel cells are under development. If successful, this would avoid the need for an overhead line or third rail. An example is Alstom’s hydrogen-powered Coradia iLint. The term hydrail has been coined for hydrogen-powered rail vehicles.


title: Electric multiple unit

text: Many battery electric multiple units are in operation around the world, with the take up being strong. Many are bi-modal taking energy from onboard battery banks and line pickups such as overhead wires or third rail. In most cases the batteries are charged via the electric pickup when operating on electric mode.


title: German submarine U-505

text: U-505 is a German Type IXC submarine built for Germany's "Kriegsmarine" during World War II. She was captured by the U.S. Navy on 4 June 1944.


title: German submarine U-505

text: In her uniquely unlucky career with the "Kriegsmarine", she had the distinction of being the "most heavily damaged U-boat to successfully return to port" in World War II on her fourth patrol, and the only submarine in which a commanding officer took his own life in combat conditions on her tenth patrol, following six botched patrols. She was captured on 4 June 1944 by United States Navy Task Group 22.3 (TG 22.3), one of six U-boats that were captured by Allied forces during World War II. All but one of "U-505"s crew were rescued by the Navy task group. The submarine was towed to Bermuda in secret and her crew were interned at a US prisoner of war camp, where they were denied access to International Red Cross visits. The Navy classified the capture as top secret and prevented the Germans from discovering it.


title: German submarine U-505

text: In 1954, "U-505" was donated to the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago, Illinois. She is now one of four German World War II U-boats that survive as museum ships, and just one of two Type IXCs still in existence with .


title: German submarine U-505

text: German Type IXC submarines were slightly larger than the original Type IXBs. "U-505" had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. The U-boat had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draft of . The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines producing a total of for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .


title: German submarine U-505

text: The submarine had a maximum surface speed of and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for at ; when surfaced, she could travel at . "U-505" was fitted with six torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 22 torpedoes, one SK C/32 naval gun, 180 rounds, and a SK C/30 as well as a C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of forty-eight.


title: German submarine U-505

text: "U-505"s keel was laid down on 12 June 1940 by Deutsche Werft in Hamburg, Germany as yard number 295. She was launched on 24 May 1941 and commissioned on 26 August with "Kapitänleutnant" Axel-Olaf Loewe in command. On 6 September 1942, Loewe was relieved by "Kptlt." Peter Zschech. On 24 October 1943, "Oberleutnant zur See" Paul Meyer took command for about two weeks until he was relieved on 8 November by "Oblt.z.S." Harald Lange, who commanded the boat until her capture on 4 June 1944.


title: German submarine U-505

text: She conducted 12 patrols in her career, sinking eight ships totaling . Three of these were American, two British, one Norwegian, one Dutch, and one Colombian.


title: German submarine U-505

text: "U-505" was assigned as an operational boat to the 2nd U-boat Flotilla on 1 February 1942, following training exercises with the 4th U-boat Flotilla from 26 August 1941 to 31 January 1942. She began her first patrol from Kiel on 19 January while still formally undergoing training. For 16 days, she circumnavigated the British Isles and docked at Lorient in occupied France on 3 February. She engaged no enemy vessels and was not attacked.


title: German submarine U-505

text: "U-505" left Lorient on 11 February 1942 on her second patrol. In 86 days, she traveled to the west coast of Africa where she sank her first vessels. In less than one month, "U-505" sank four ships: the British "Benmohr", the Norwegian "Sydhav", the American "West Irmo", and the Dutch "Alphacca" for a total of . On 18 April, "U-505" was attacked by an Allied aircraft in the mid-Atlantic but suffered little damage.


title: German submarine U-505

text: "U-505" began her third patrol on 7 June 1942, after leaving her home port of Lorient. She sank the American ships and and the Colombian "Urious" in the Caribbean Sea. "Urious" was a sailing ship belonging to a Colombian diplomat, so its sinking gave Colombia political grounds to declare war on Germany. "U-505" then returned to Lorient on 25 August after 80 days on patrol without being attacked.


title: German submarine U-505

text: "U-505"s fourth patrol sent her to the northern coast of South America. She left Lorient on 4 October and sank the British vessel "Ocean Justice" off the coast of Venezuela on 7 November. On 10 November near Trinidad, "U-505" was surprised on the surface by a Lockheed Hudson maritime patrol aircraft from No. 53 Squadron, Royal Air Force, which made a low-level attack, landing a bomb directly on the deck from just above water level. The explosion killed one watch officer and wounded another in the conning tower. It also tore the anti-aircraft gun off its mounting and severely damaged the ship's pressure hull. The aircraft was hit by fragmentation from the bomb's explosion and crashed into the ocean near "U-505", killing RAAF pilot Flight Sergeant Ronald Sillcock and his entire crew. With the pumps inoperative and water flooding the engine room in several places, "Kptlt." Zschech ordered the crew to abandon ship, but the technical staff (led by Chief Petty Officer Otto Fricke) insisted on trying to save her. The vessel was made water-tight after almost two weeks of repair work. After sending the wounded watch officer to the supply submarine ("milk cow") , "U-505" limped back to Lorient on reduced power.


title: German submarine U-505

text: After six months in Lorient for repairs, "U-505" started her fifth patrol. She left Lorient on 1 July 1943 and returned after 13 days, after an attack by three British destroyers that had stalked her for over 30 hours. While "U-505" was not badly damaged in this encounter, she had to return to France for repairs. "U-505"s next four patrols were all aborted after only a few days at sea, due to equipment failure and sabotage by French dockworkers working for the Resistance. Faults found included sabotaged electrical and radar equipment, a hole deliberately drilled in a diesel fuel tank, and faulty welds on parts repaired by French workers. This happened so many times that she became the butt of jokes throughout the base at Lorient. Upon returning from one botched patrol her crew found a sign painted in the docking area reading: ""U-505"s Hunting Ground". At a time when many U-boats were being sunk, "U-505"s commander, "Kptlt." Zschech, overheard another U-boat commander joke, "There is one commander who will always come back ... Zschech."


title: German submarine U-505

text: After ten months in Lorient, "U-505" departed for her tenth Atlantic patrol, seeking to break her run of bad luck and bad morale. British destroyers spotted her east of the Azores on 24 October 1943, not long after crossing the Bay of Biscay, and she was forced to submerge and endure a severe depth-charge attack. Zschech committed suicide in the submarine's control room, shooting himself in the head in front of his crew. First watch officer Paul Meyer took command and returned the boat to port with minimal damage. Meyer was "absolved from all blame" by the "Kriegsmarine" for the incident. Zschech is recorded as the only submariner during the war to commit suicide underwater in response to the stress of a prolonged depth charging.


title: German submarine U-505

text: Zschech was replaced as commander by "Oblt.z.S." Harald Lange. "U-505"s eleventh patrol began on Christmas Day 1943. She again returned early to Lorient on 2 January 1944, after she rescued thirty-three crew members from the , sunk on 28 December by British cruisers in the Bay of Biscay.


title: German submarine U-505

text: The Allies had learned from decrypted German messages that U-boats were operating near Cape Verde, but not their exact locations. The US Navy dispatched Task Group 22.3 to the area, a Hunter-killer Group commanded by Captain Daniel V. Gallery. TG 22.3 consisted of the escort aircraft carrier and the destroyer escorts , , , , and under Commander Frederick S. Hall. The group sailed from Norfolk, Virginia on 15 May 1944 and began searching for U-boats in the area in late May, using high-frequency direction-finding fixes ("Huff-Duff") and air and surface reconnaissance.


title: German submarine U-505

text: At 11:09 on 4 June 1944, TG 22.3 made sonar (ASDIC) contact with "U-505" at , about off the coast of Río de Oro, only from "Chatelain"s starboard bow. The escorts immediately moved towards the contact, while "Guadalcanal" moved away at top speed and launched a Grumman F4F Wildcat fighter to join another Wildcat and a Grumman TBM Avenger torpedo bomber which were already airborne.


title: German submarine U-505

text: "Chatelain" was so close to "U-505" that depth charges would not sink fast enough to intercept the U-boat, so she fired Hedgehog anti-submarine mortars before passing the submarine and turning to make a follow-up attack with depth charges. One of the aircraft sighted "U-505" and fired into the water to mark the position while "Chatelain" dropped depth charges. Immediately after the detonation of the charges, a large oil slick spread on the water and the fighter pilot radioed: "You struck oil! Sub is surfacing!" Less than seven minutes after "Chatelain"s first attack began, the badly damaged submarine surfaced less than away. "Chatelain" immediately opened fire on it with all available weapons, joined by other ships of the task force and the two Wildcats.


title: German submarine U-505

text: Lange believed "U-505" to be seriously damaged and ordered his crew to abandon ship. They obeyed the order promptly, but they did not scuttle the boat; they opened some valves but left the engines running. The rudder had been damaged by depth charges, so the submarine circled clockwise at approximately . The commanding officer of "Chatelain" saw the submarine turning toward his ship and thought that she was about to attack, so he ordered a single torpedo to be fired at it; the torpedo missed, passing ahead of the abandoned "U-505".


title: German submarine U-505

text: "Chatelain" and "Jenks" collected survivors while an eight-man party from "Pillsbury" led by Lt. Albert David came alongside the submarine in a boat and entered through the conning tower. They found the body of Signalman First Class Gottfried Fischer on the deck, the only fatality of the combat, and "U-505" was deserted. They secured charts and codebooks, closed scuttling valves, and disarmed demolition charges. They stopped the water coming in and the submarine remained afloat, although it was low in the water and down by the stern, and they also stopped her engines. U-boat researcher Derek Waller has written that a German crewman, Ewald Felix, helped foil the scuttling attempt.


title: German submarine U-505

text: "Pillsbury" attempted to take the submarine in tow but repeatedly collided with her and had to move away with three compartments flooded. A second boarding party from "Guadalcanal" then rigged a towline from the aircraft carrier to the U-boat. "Guadalcanal"s chief engineer Commander Earl Trosino joined the salvage party. He disconnected the submarine's diesels from her electric driving motors while leaving them clutched to the propeller shafts. With the U-boat moving under tow by "Guadalcanal", the propellers "windmilled" as they passed through the water, turning the shafts and the drive motors. This caused the motors to act as electrical generators charging the batteries. With power from the batteries, "U-505"s pumps cleared out the water let in by the attempted scuttling, and her air compressors blew out the ballast tanks, bringing her up to full surface trim.


title: German submarine U-505

text: Despite the capture taking place close to French Morocco, Casablanca was known to be infiltrated by German spies and thus another safe port was needed to house the submarine. After three days of towing, "Guadalcanal" transferred "U-505" to the fleet tug . On 19 June, the submarine entered the Great Sound, site of the United States Navy's Naval Operating Base (as well as the Royal Naval Dockyard, RAF Darrell's Island, and Royal Naval Air Station Bermuda), in Bermuda, after a tow of . The US Navy took 58 prisoners from "U-505", three of them wounded. The crew were interned at Camp Ruston, near Ruston, Louisiana. Secrecy was so important to the mission that the submarine's flag was kept under the personal care of the Commander in Chief of the Atlantic Fleet during the duration of the war.


title: German submarine U-505

text: US Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Ernest King considered court-martialling Captain Gallery because he towed "U-505" instead of sinking it after capturing the code books. The submarine's crewmen were isolated from other prisoners of war, and the Red Cross was denied access to them. The "Kriegsmarine" finally declared the crew dead and informed the families to that effect, and the crew were not returned until 1947.


title: German submarine U-505

text: LTJG Albert David received the Medal of Honor for leading the boarding party, the only time that it was awarded to an Atlantic Fleet sailor in World War II. Torpedoman's Mate Third Class Arthur W. Knispel and Radioman Second Class Stanley E. Wdowiak were the first two to follow David into the submarine, and they received the Navy Cross. Seaman First Class Earnest James Beaver received the Silver Star and Commander Trosino received the Legion of Merit. Captain Gallery conceived and executed the operation, and he received the Navy Distinguished Service Medal. The Task Group was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation. Admiral Royal E. Ingersoll, Commander in Chief, US Atlantic Fleet, cited the Task Group for "outstanding performance during anti-submarine operations in the eastern Atlantic" and stated that it was "a feat unprecedented in individual and group bravery, execution, and accomplishment in the Naval History of the United States".


title: German submarine U-505

text: The US Navy kept "U-505" at the US Naval Operating Base in Bermuda, and Navy intelligence officers and engineers studied it intensively. To maintain the illusion that she had been sunk rather than captured, she was painted to look like a US submarine and renamed USS "Nemo". At the end of the war in Europe, she was used to promote E War Bond sales as part of the "Mighty 7th" War Loan drive. Anyone who purchased a bond could also purchase a ticket to board and inspect her. In June 1945, she visited New York City, Philadelphia, and Baltimore. Captain Gallery was present for the opening of the exhibition in Washington, D.C.


title: German submarine U-505

text: The Navy had no further use for "U-505" after the war. Experts had thoroughly examined her in Bermuda, and she was moored derelict at the Portsmouth Navy Yard, so the Navy decided to use her as a target for gunnery and torpedo practice until she sank. In 1946, Rear Admiral Gallery, who opposed the Navy's plans for "U-505", told his brother Father John Gallery about this plan, and Father John contacted President Lenox Lohr of Chicago's Museum of Science and Industry (MSI) to see if they would be interested in it. The museum already planned to display a submarine, and the acquisition of "U-505" seemed ideal. The US government donated the submarine to the museum in September 1954, and Chicago residents raised $250,000 for transporting and installing the boat. Coast Guard tugboats and cutters towed the boat through the Great Lakes, making a stop in Detroit, Michigan, in July 1954. The museum dedicated it on 25 September 1954 as a permanent exhibit and a war memorial to all the sailors who lost their lives in the first and second Battle of the Atlantic.


title: German submarine U-505

text: Nearly every removable part had been stripped from the boat's interior by the time she went to the museum; she was in no condition to serve as an exhibit, so Museum director Lohr asked for replacements from the German manufacturers who had supplied the boat's original components and parts. Admiral Gallery reports in his autobiography "Eight Bells and All's Well" that every company supplied the requested parts without charge. Most included letters to the effect that the manufacturers wanted her to be a credit to German technology.


title: German submarine U-505

text: A reunion was held at the museum in 1964, 20 years after the ship's capture, where Gallery returned to Lange a set of binoculars from the ship that had belonged to him.


title: German submarine U-505

text: The Navy had removed the periscope and placed it in a water tank used for research at its Arctic Submarine Laboratory in Point Loma, California; they demolished that lab in 2003 and found it. The Navy donated it to the museum to be displayed along with the submarine. By 2004, the U-boat's exterior had suffered noticeable damage from the weather, so the museum moved it to a new climate-controlled location (under ground next to the CMofSI) in April 2004. They restored it and reopened it to the public on 5 June 2005.


title: German submarine U-505

text: In 2019, the Museum of Science and Industry refurbished the submarine, restoring it to be closer to its original condition. Also, a special exhibit with many additional artifacts from the sub was opened in the general admission section of the museum.


title: German submarine U-505

text: Captain Gallery recounted the capture of "U-505" in his 1951 memoir "Clear the Decks". Gary Moore recounts the story of the captured crew in his 2006 non-fiction book "Playing with the Enemy". Hans Goebeler recounts the story of the boat's patrols and her crew in his 2005 memoir "Steel Boats, Iron Hearts: A U-Boat Crewman's Life Aboard U-505".


title: One More Time (Daft Punk song)

text: "One More Time" is a song by the French electronic music duo Daft Punk, released as a single from their second studio album, "Discovery" (2001), on 13 November 2000. It is a French house song featuring a stylistically Auto-Tuned vocal performance by Romanthony. The music video forms part of the 2003 anime film, "". "One More Time" reached number one on the French Singles Chart, number two on the UK Singles Chart, and number 61 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100.


title: One More Time (Daft Punk song)

text: "The Village Voice"s Pazz & Jop annual year-end critics' poll named "One More Time" one of the best songs of the year. It was named one of the greatest songs of the decade by "Pitchfork", and "Rolling Stone" named it one of "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time". "Mixmag" readers voted it the greatest dance record of all time.


title: One More Time (Daft Punk song)

text: Daft Punk considered "One More Time" the link connecting "Homework" to "Discovery". The song was completed as early as the beginning of 1998, where it remained "sitting on a shelf" until its eventual release on 13 November 2000. It prominently features a vocal performance written and sung by Romanthony. As stated by Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo, "we thought the funkiness of his voice fit the funkiness of the music."


title: One More Time (Daft Punk song)

text: The song was considered an example of French house's frequent use of audio filters, featuring heavily processed auto-tuned vocals. When questioned on the effects, Thomas Bangalter stated "A lot of people complain about musicians using Auto-Tune. It reminds me of the late '70s when musicians in France tried to ban the synthesizer... What they didn't see was that you could use those tools in a new way instead of just for replacing the instruments that came before." According to Bangalter, Romanthony enjoyed the alterations to his vocal on the track. "He has done a lot of different things and he always tries to innovate, which is what we like to do on our records. He never had his voice treated like an instrument like that." He also elaborated:


title: One More Time (Daft Punk song)

text: The album version of the track includes a two-minute breakdown. Bangalter remarked that, "The break is so long it's not even the break. The song itself is the breakdown."


title: One More Time (Daft Punk song)

text: "One More Time" contains a sample of the 1979 disco song "More Spell on You" by Eddie Johns, which is uncredited in the "Discovery" liner notes. Johns, who has been destitute for decades, did not receive royalties for the sample. A representative for Daft Punk confirmed the use of the sample and that they continued to pay royalties to GM Musipro, the French publishing company that has owned rights to "More Spell on You" since 1995. A representative of GM Musipro said they had never been able to locate Johns, and that they would follow up on the matter after an investigation by the "Los Angeles Times" in 2021. The music industry attorney Erin Jacobson said it was common for rights owners to be untraceable. She estimated that Johns could be owed a sum "in the high six-to-seven-figure range" based on streams alone.


title: One More Time (Daft Punk song)

text: The single contains an eight-minute version of "One More Time" featuring extended vocals absent from the album version. An "unplugged" rendition was included in the remix album "Daft Club". The remix album contains a remix of "Aerodynamic" by Daft Punk featuring elements of "One More Time". The "short radio edit" of "One More Time" from the single was later included in the compilation album "Musique Vol. 1 1993–2005". Daft Punk performed "One More Time" on their Alive 2006/2007 tour; a performance was included on the live album "Alive 2007". "One More Time" was sampled and incorporated in Miliyah Kato's song "Future Lover -Mirai Koibito-" in January 2016. The song peaked at number 30 in Japan. The track was also sampled and interpolated on Drake and 21 Savage's track "Circo Loco" on their album, "Her Loss" (2022).


title: One More Time (Daft Punk song)

text: The music video features scenes that would later form part of "", a 2003 anime film that acts as a visual of "Discovery". The video features a pop band of humanoid blue-skinned aliens performing the song to a crowd on their home planet while a mysterious force approaches it. Like the rest of the feature film, it was directed by Kazuhisa Takenouchi under the visual supervision of Leiji Matsumoto.


title: One More Time (Daft Punk song)

text: In both Daft Punk's native France and Canada, "One More Time" topped the national singles charts. In the United States, "One More Time" peaked at number 61 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 (tying with previous Daft Punk hit, "Around the World"); by June 2013 it had sold 1,052,000 digital copies there, and became Daft Punk's first million-seller. "One More Time" peaked at number one on the dance chart in the same country. On the Eurochart Hot 100 Singles chart, the song debuted at number one, one of the few songs to do so.


title: One More Time (Daft Punk song)

text: In the United Kingdom, "One More Time" peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart, Daft Punk's highest-charting single in the country until "Get Lucky" reached number one in 2013; the song also topped the dance chart. It was also a hit in Australia, debuting at number 46 and peaking at number 10. It thus became Daft Punk's most successful song in Australia until "Get Lucky", the first single from their 2013 album "Random Access Memories", topped the ARIA chart in 2013.


title: One More Time (Daft Punk song)

text: "One More Time" was listed at number five on "Pitchfork"s top 500 songs of the 2000s, with the magazine writing that it "distill[s] 25 years of pop and house into five and a half minutes of first-time joy." "Rolling Stone" listed it at number 33 of their top 100 songs of the decade (2000–2009) as well as number 307 on its amended "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time" list in May 2010. It was voted by "Mixmag" readers as the greatest dance record of all time. Also, "One More Time" was ranked at number 11 on "The Village Voice"s Pazz & Jop annual year-end critics' poll. In 2021, "Billboard" ranked the song number one on its list of the 20 greatest Daft Punk songs.


title: Kula Shaker

text: Kula Shaker are an English psychedelic rock band. Led by frontman Crispian Mills, the band came to prominence during the Post-Britpop era of the late 1990s. The band enjoyed commercial success in the UK between 1996 and 1999, notching up a number of Top 10 hits on the UK Singles Chart, including "Tattva", "Hey Dude", "Govinda", "Hush", and "Sound of Drums". The band's debut album, "K", reached No. 1 on the UK Albums Chart. It was voted number 879 in Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums 3rd Edition (2000).


title: Kula Shaker

text: The band are known for their interest in traditional Indian music, culture, and mysticism, with a number of their most famous songs, including "Tattva" and "Govinda", featuring lyrics written in Sanskrit. The name Kula Shaker was itself inspired by king Kulasekhara, an Indian king from the 9th century. In addition, many of the band's songs feature traditional Indian instruments, such as the sitar, tamboura, and tabla, juxtaposed with guitar-heavy, Western rock instrumentation. Despite achieving commercial success, Kula Shaker were unpopular with many critics, with "The Observer"'s Simon Price describing them in 2014 as a "joke band".


title: Kula Shaker

text: Kula Shaker disbanded in September 1999 but reformed in 2004 for sessions for the "School of Braja" compilation album. This led to plans for a full comeback, although the reformation was not widely publicised until the beginning of 2006. The band's third album, "Strangefolk", was issued in 2007 and their fourth, "Pilgrims Progress", was released in 2010. The band returned with a mostly sold out European tour and new album "K 2.0" in 2016 which was well-received both by the media and the fans.


title: Kula Shaker

text: After taking an extended hiatus, the band released their sixth album, "1st Congregational Church of Eternal Love and Free Hugs" in June of 2022, which preceded a UK tour.


title: Kula Shaker

text: The origin of Kula Shaker can be traced back to 1988 when Crispian Mills (grandson of Sir John Mills and son of actress Hayley Mills and film director Roy Boulting) met Alonza Bevan at Richmond upon Thames College in South-West London. The two went on to play together in a band named Objects of Desire, formed later that year. The band's initial line-up consisted of Mills on lead guitar, Bevan on bass, Richard Cave on drums (until 1990) later Marcus French (aka Frog) on drums, Leigh Morris on rhythm guitar, and Marcus Maclaine (then Hayley Mills' boyfriend) on lead vocals. In 1991, Paul Winterhart joined the band, replacing French on drums. During this period, Crispian and Alonza were also responsible for running the Mantra Shack, a psychedelic nightclub at the back of Richmond ice rink, and consequently, the Objects of Desire would often perform at the venue.


title: Kula Shaker

text: The Objects of Desire disbanded acrimoniously in early 1993, after which, Mills went on a spiritual pilgrimage, backpacking around India. The trip had a profound effect on the guitarist, fostering a deep interest in Indian culture and Hinduism. Upon returning to the UK he formed a new band named The Kays, with Bevan, Winterhart, and Mills' cousin Saul Dismont (son of the Bermudian politician Russell Dismont) on vocals. The band's debut live performance was at the 1993 Glastonbury Festival. Within a year, Dismont had left the band, only to be replaced by organist Jay Darlington, who had previously been a member of several mod revival bands. After two years of touring and recording, The Kays elected to change their name and musical direction.


title: Kula Shaker

text: In May 1995, Mills suggested that the band take the name Kula Shaker, in honour of one of the twelve Alvars (saints of south India), the ninth-century Indian emperor and holy man, King Kulashekhara. In Indian culture, the name Kulashekhara is thought to be lucky or auspicious, and this appealed to the struggling band. Mills also posited that Kula Shaker's music should follow a more spiritual and mystical direction in future, in line with his own growing interest in the philosophy of Gaudiya Vaishnavism. This new emphasis on Indian mysticism and instrumentation, dovetailed with the Beatlesque, 1960s derived influences already present in the band's music, to create a sound heavily indebted to 1960s psychedelia.


title: Kula Shaker

text: In September 1995 Kula Shaker were joint winners of the in the City contest (along with Placebo), which quickly resulted in a record contract with Columbia Records, who were eager to sign another band that had the multi-platinum, crossover appeal of Oasis. A debut single, "Tattva (Lucky 13 Mix)" (later re-recorded for their debut album) was released on CD and limited 7" vinyl in January 1996, but it entered just outside the UK Top 75, at number 86. "Tattva" was followed quickly in April by the band's second single, "Grateful When You're Dead", a slice of Jimi Hendrix-esque rock which was to become their debut UK Top 40 single (entering at No. 35). Music press and public alike finally began to take notice of the band, and this sudden exposure propelled the re-released (and re-recorded) "Tattva" to No. 4 in the UK Singles Chart. The band's upward climb continued with their third single "Hey Dude", a more traditional rock song which was only kept off the top spot by the Spice Girls when it was released in August.


title: Kula Shaker

text: September saw the release of the band's debut album "K", which became the fastest selling debut album in Britain since Elastica's debut the previous year. It was eventually certified 2×Platinum by the BPI in January 1997. The album went on to sell over 850,000 copies in the UK (double platinum), and a further 250,000 copies in the United States.


title: Kula Shaker

text: The fourth and final single from "K" was "Govinda", which reached No. 7 in the UK charts in December of that year. "Govinda" was sung totally in Sanskrit, and mixed swirling guitars with traditional Indian music. Total sales for all the singles from "K" came to half a million.


title: Kula Shaker

text: 1997 got off to a fine start for the band with four nominations for BRIT Awards, and they subsequently took home the award for "British Breakthrough Act" at the ceremony in February. In the same month they released what would turn out to be their biggest hit, a cover of "Hush" (originally written by Joe South for Billy Joe Royal, and most famously performed by the British hard-rock band Deep Purple), which peaked at number 2. The song also proved successful in the U.S., where it was used on the soundtrack to the blockbuster movie "I Know What You Did Last Summer" and again in the trailer for the 2014 film "". The song was also placed at No. 224 by Virgin Radio, in a poll for the 20th century's greatest songs. In the wake of the single's release, some ill-advised remarks on the traditional mystical properties of Swastikas by Crispian Mills put the band in the firing line of some of the UK press.


title: Kula Shaker

text: Despite the negative publicity, the band pressed on regardless with a set of live shows in the summer of that year, including T in the Park, Glastonbury and the V Festival. The focus during the latter part of 1997 moved to the US where both "Tattva" and "Hey Dude" received airplay exposure. "Tattva" became a minor No. 10 hit in the Modern Rock Tracks chart and "Hey Dude" peaked at No. 25. "K" itself peaked at No. 11 in the Heatseekers chart and crept to No. 200 in the Billboard charts. An EP, "Summer Sun", was released in the U.S. for the band's fans there. The six tracks on the EP were all B-sides to earlier UK singles.


title: Kula Shaker

text: After initial disagreements with management, Kula Shaker resurfaced with the UK-only single "Sound of Drums" in April 1998, peaking at number 3. A promised album in the summer of that year failed to materialise, and the momentum generated by the single was lost as a result. Fans would have to wait until February 1999 to hear any more new material from the forthcoming second album.


title: Kula Shaker

text: The second album "Peasants, Pigs & Astronauts" was partly recorded aboard the houseboat-studio Astoria, which belongs to guitarist David Gilmour (of Pink Floyd). Brett Findlay joined the band as resident percussionist and remained with the band until their break-up at the end of 1999. The release of "Peasants, Pigs & Astronauts" was preceded by the single "Mystical Machine Gun" which failed to make as strong an impact on the charts as their previous singles, peaking at Number 14 and only remaining two weeks in the top 40. The album itself followed in March 1999 to mixed reviews, and only sold a mere 25,000 copies in its first week as it crawled in at Number 9 on the album chart, spending only 10 weeks in the UK Top 75. The album went Gold in the UK (over 100,000 copies sold). The third and final single from the album, "Shower Your Love" failed to reignite momentum, stalling at No. 14, even with it having more TV exposure on "Top of the Pops", "TFI Friday", "Later... with Jools Holland" and "".


title: Kula Shaker

text: In June they played Glastonbury Festival and headlined the Lizard Festival in Cornwall in August 1999 to coincide with the total eclipse. The band made a few more festival appearances, including an appearance at V99, as a last-minute replacement for Placebo, before playing their last gig in the Netherlands at the end of August.


title: Kula Shaker

text: In September of that year, the band announced their split. "I have loved my time with Kula Shaker and have experienced more than I could ever have imagined", Mills commented. "We've had an excellent time and been a very tight band, but there comes a time when you want to do your own thing."


title: Kula Shaker

text: Prior to the release of their second album, the band became the subject of controversy surrounding remarks that Mills had made in the "NME" and "Melody Maker", regarding the swastika, calling it a "brilliant image" albeit in the context of its traditional Indian origins. "The Independent on Sunday" ran a front page article in April 1997 reprinting Mills' comments and alleging that the guitarist "had dabbled with Nazism". The negative publicity surrounding the incident, along with overexposure in the British media, hurt the band's sales. The "Independent" article also revealed that the "Objects of Desire" had used the motto "England will rise again", and had performed at a 1993 conference at Wembley called "Global Deception" at which speakers included renowned conspiracy theorists Eustace Mullins and William Cooper.


title: Kula Shaker

text: Mills responded to the allegations by fax and his responses were incorporated in the article. Mills admitted having played at "Global Deception", but claimed not to have fully understood the nature of the event. He indicated that he now felt that the swastika, which has origins outside Nazism and different meanings in different parts of the world, was hopelessly connected to Nazism in the West. He indicated that it was the outrage that his comments had sparked that had led him to this conclusion. He also offered an unequivocal condemnation of far-right-wing ideology.


title: Kula Shaker

text: Looking back in 2016, Mills said "We thought we were smarter than we were ... that was the innocence of our youth ploughing into the adult world."


title: Kula Shaker

text: Mills' lyrics include themes of unity in diversity ("Tattva"), spiritual devotion ("Govinda") and global peace ("Great Hosanna").


title: Kula Shaker

text: Mills went into the studio in 2000 to work on a solo album. Later that year, he toured with a group of musicians under the name Pi, first supporting Robbie Williams on his UK Arena dates, then for some smaller headline shows. A new album was scheduled for release in spring 2001 according to Mills' official website and the "NME". However his UK record label didn't feel the material proposed for release was commercial enough, and so Mills negotiated an exit from his contract with them in 2001, continuing to record for the rest of 2001 without a UK record deal. He played at the Glastonbury Festival in 2001 with Suns of Arqa. At the start of 2002, he began working with Andy Nixon and Dan Mckinna, formerly of Straw, and the trio formed a group, The Jeevas. Mills ditched all his previously recorded material up to that point, though some tracks would later feature as Jeevas B-Sides. They released two albums, toured throughout 2002 and 2003, with some dates in mid-2004. Their records were released on their own Cowboy Music label in the UK and mainland Europe, and by Sony in Japan. Some tentative work was done for their third album, but when it became apparent during 2005 that the reformation of Kula Shaker would be permanent, the band officially split up.


title: Kula Shaker

text: Bevan joined Johnny Marr and the Healers in 2000. As a side project, he formed the band Shep (which included Winterhart on drums). The band played a handful of gigs in 2001–2002 and released some excerpts of recorded music via the web but nothing further was heard of them after 2003. Winterhart joined the band , who split in 2001. He also drummed on an album by Aqualung as well as being part of Shep. Darlington joined Oasis in 2002 as a touring keyboardist (though not an official band member), and remained in that role until the band's split in 2009.


title: Kula Shaker

text: In December 2002, Sony released a best of album, entitled "Kollected – The Best of Kula Shaker". Mills compiled the track listing for the release and approved the sleevenotes. The compilation included the band's final recorded track, a cover of Bob Dylan's "Ballad of a Thin Man", which was later featured on the soundtrack to the 2005 movie "Stoned", starring Leo Gregory.


title: Kula Shaker

text: Kula Shaker's reformation has its origins in sessions for a charity album made with the New Braj Village School (a private school in Badger, California, for young people which includes as part of the curriculum teachings about Krishna and devotional music). The album "School of Braja" was recorded in 2004 and finally saw release in late 2006. Mills, who masterminded the album, arranged not only that the Jeevas play on two tracks, but he also got in touch with his old bandmate, Alonza Bevan. The two worked on a song together for the album, "Braj Mandala", to which Paul Winterhart added drums. Jay Darlington was asked to be part of the sessions, but declined the opportunity. At the time of the recording, this was announced on the official Jeevas website as Kula Shaker having reformed to contribute a song to the album and was referred to by Mills as a Kula Shaker reunion in subsequent interviews. Additionally, the "School of Braja" album credits officially state that Kula Shaker appear on the track "Braj Mandala". The sessions for the track went so well that Mills and Bevan began writing together again and making plans for a full-on Kula Shaker comeback that would encompass live touring and the further release of new material. A new band website was also commissioned.


title: Kula Shaker

text: Their first gig back together (as a 3-piece) took place at the Wheatsheaf, Leighton Buzzard, England, on 21 December 2005. This was a 'secret' gig and not promoted beforehand; however, blackboards outside the pub announced "Kula Shaker tonight" on the night of the show. As a joke about the nature of secret gigs, Mills told the assembled crowd that the band was called The Garcons whilst wearing a "big hair" grey wig. All sources both official and unofficial have subsequently referred to this gig as a Kula Shaker show.


title: Kula Shaker

text: Kula Shaker announced on 11 January 2006 that they had reformed permanently. They released the following statement on their new official website (which launched that day):


title: Kula Shaker

text: During preparation for their comeback live dates, a new member joined the band – Harry Broadbent. He became the band's new keyboard player, and Kula Shaker were restored to a four-piece once more.


title: Kula Shaker

text: The band undertook a small UK tour in the Spring. The tour dates were split into two 'legs', with a pre-tour warm-up show in Milton Keynes. The band played to sell out audiences in smaller venues, playing a mix of new and old material. They also recorded a session for Scottish radio station Clyde1, and made an appearance on the Billy Sloan show on that station to coincide with this.


title: Kula Shaker

text: The band released a four-song EP entitled "Revenge of the King" on iTunes in April. This was later released on a limited run of 1000 10" vinyls, sold on certain dates of the band's April/May tour and later from the band's official website. Later still, the EP was released on CD in Japan with a bonus track (the 2006 radio session version of Govinda). Apart from the Japanese bonus track, the tracks on the EP were recorded in a very small studio in London right at the beginning of 2006, before Broadbent joined the band.


title: Kula Shaker

text: The band went on to play some festivals in the Summer of 2006 – T in the Park, Fuji Rock, V Festival and Pentaport Festival in Korea – along with a handful of warm-up dates. After this, they played one more live date in 2006, headlining the Purple Weekend festival in Spain at the end of the year.


title: Kula Shaker

text: After the summer festival dates, it was announced on the band's website that the third Kula Shaker album was underway. Pre-production started in September 2006, with final mixing completed by April 2007. It was produced in collaboration with an all-star team of hit makers & Grammy winners, including Tchad Blake (Peter Gabriel, Crowded House), Sam Williams (Supergrass) and Chris Sheldon (The Foo Fighters, The Pixies).


title: Kula Shaker

text: In Japan, the "Freedom Lovin' People" EP preceded the album. It was released there on 23 May 2007. The lead track from this release was the album track "Great Dictator (of the Free World)" and a rough animatic-style video was used to promote the song on Japanese music stations. In the UK, the first single from the album was "Second Sight" released on 13 August 2007, reaching No. 101 on the UK Singles Chart. The single was promoted with a pro-shot video featuring the band as characters from the Sherlock Holmes stories.


title: Kula Shaker

text: The third album, "Strangefolk" (which was the working title of second album, "Peasants, Pigs & Astronauts"), was released in Japan on 27 June 2007 through Sony, in Europe on 20 August 2007 through the band's own label, and on 19 February 2008 in North America through Cooking Vinyl. All editions contain at least one bonus track; the Japanese edition contains two further bonus tracks. The track "Song of Love/Narayana" on the album incorporates elements from the tracks "Narayan" and "Climbatize", both of which can be found on The Prodigy's "The Fat of the Land". Narayan was co-written by Mills and included a vocal performance by him. The album reached No. 32 in Japan and No. 69 in the UK.


title: Kula Shaker

text: To capitalise on publicity surrounding the band's comeback, the re-release record label Music Club issued a hastily compiled double album "Tattva : The Very Best Of Kula Shaker" on 16 July 2007, which included all the tracks from the band's first two albums and a handful of previously released non-album tracks. The band had no input into any aspect of the release and their consent was not obtained for its release. They have been asking their fans not to buy it.


title: Kula Shaker

text: The band played UK warm-up dates from early June. They went on to play five festival dates in the summer – Bilbao BBK Live, Culura Quente festival, Japanese festival Fuji Rock, Norway's PulpIt Rock Festival and the iTunes Festival in London, along with two one-off dates – one in London and one in Spain. Further UK dates and a European tour followed in the Autumn. The band then rounded off the tour commitments for the year with two final performances in November, one at Leicester University and another at The Netherlands' Crossing Borders festival.


title: Kula Shaker

text: A live EP featuring four tracks from the band's performance at the iTunes festival was released through the iTunes Stores in various countries in October. A second single from "Strangefolk", "Out on the Highway" was released on 5 November 2007, also only available as a download from the UK iTunes Store. Neither release achieved a placing on the UK chart. The final release of the year came on 14 December – the free download track "Drink Tea (for the Love Of God)" featured Alonza on vocals and a pro-tea drinking message in the lyrics. The track was accompanied by an animated video, released online on the same day, which was produced by animation house Model Robot.


title: Kula Shaker

text: The band played a Japanese tour and further tours of both the UK and mainland Europe at the start of 2008. They went on to play three European festival dates in the summer.


title: Kula Shaker

text: On 2 July 2008 the band announced they were back in the studio working on their fourth studio album with working title "Pilgrims Progress". However soon after the band became locked in a legal dispute with their label which resulted in most of the work for the next album being frozen. In May 2009, work on the new album had recommenced.


title: Kula Shaker

text: The band played some further live dates in 2009, starting with a pair of dates in Russia in February and following that up with two headline festival appearances in the summer, at Ypsigrock in Italy and Solfest in the UK. In September the band played a set as part of a fundraising evening to support the charity Anno's Africa.


title: Kula Shaker

text: On 20 January 2010, the band re-released their second album "Peasants, Pigs and Astronauts" on their own label with additional bonus tracks, interviews and artwork. Only 3000 copies were pressed and it was only available through their official website.


title: Kula Shaker

text: On 28 June 2010, the band's fourth album "Pilgrims Progress" was released. The lead single from the album was "Peter Pan R.I.P", which was released as a free download from the band's official website on 22 April 2010. The album was issued as a standard twelve track CD, as a limited edition deluxe box set, and as a super deluxe box set with a limited production run of 300 copies. Despite making a limited impact commercially the album was applauded by the music press, becoming their best reviewed album since their debut. The band played an album release show on 8 July at the Garage in London. A successful tour of the Far East followed with a number of festival dates across Japan, Taiwan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Korea and Hong Kong.


title: Kula Shaker

text: On 6 September 2010 Crispian Mills announced on the band's official website that the band were postponing touring so he could concentrate on a film project to begin in early 2011. The news was received with mixed reaction, many suggesting that the band have missed a great opportunity to gain considerable exposure on the back of the positive reaction towards "Pilgrims Progress".


title: Kula Shaker

text: On 12 November 2010, the band announced they would be recording a Christmas single which would be a double A-side. The single, "Christmas Time (Is Here Again)/Snowflake" was released exclusively as a free download from the band's website on 10 December.


title: Kula Shaker

text: On 16 September 2011, the band released a 2 CD + 1 DVD 15th anniversary edition of "K", including some unreleased material and a new documentary.


title: Kula Shaker

text: On 28 September 2015 the band announced they are returning in 2016 with a European tour and new album titled "K 2.0", releasing two teasers of a track named "Mountain Lifter" then a song called "Infinite Sun". "K 2.0" was officially released on digital, LP and CD formats on 12 February 2016.


title: Kula Shaker

text: In late 2021, the band announced on their Facebook page that they had completed their sixth album, which would be a double album consisting of 17 songs due for release in 2022. On 20 December 2021, the band released the "Kula Christmas Wrap Up" digitally, featuring two cover versions: "Snowflake" by Bucky and "Christmas Time (Is Here Again) by the Beatles.


title: Kula Shaker

text: The band's sixth album, "1st Congregational Church of Eternal Love and Free Hugs", was released on 10 June 2022 and was preceded by the single "The Once and Future King". A further single, "Cherry Plum Tree (Farewell Beautiful Dreamer)" was released on 29 July 2022, and on 4th November 2022 they released "Gimme Some Truth", a John Lennon cover.


title: Kula Shaker

text: On 7th December 2022, Kula Shaker tweeted that original keyboardist Jay Darlington is back, and will be playing with them on tour.


title: Kula Shaker

text: Although Kula Shaker's sound owes a lot to the classic rock bands of 1960s and 1970s, the songs often combine Eastern-influenced sonics ("Govinda") with lyrical themes of a universal spirituality quest, employing ideas of soul and devotion from diverse traditions such as Hinduism ("Tattva"), to Christianity ("Great Hosannah") and even Native American Indian ("Infinite Sun").


title: Kula Shaker

text: Noel Gallagher was an early champion of the band, inviting them to support at Oasis' historic Knebworth concerts, but from the outset of their career, Kula Shaker polarised UK media opinion. This arguably stemmed from age-old British preconceptions about class and race. Not only were they white youngsters singing about Krishna in Sanskrit, they were seen as coming from privileged middle class backgrounds. Speaking in an interview in 2016, Mills says "When I was in private schools, they called me 'common', and when I was in state schools they called me 'posh'. It made me very cynical about all these labels." At the height of Britpop and 'lad culture', music publications like "Melody Maker", "Select", and "NME" often focused on the class angle and ridiculed the band's fascination with Indian culture. Mills commented in 2016, "The musical styles on "K" are mainstream now. [In 1996] people didn't know how to understand it or where to place it, so all that was left to do was deride it."


title: James B. Donovan

text: James Britt Donovan (February 29, 1916 – January 19, 1970) was an American lawyer and United States Navy officer in the Office of Scientific Research and Development and the Office of Strategic Services (OSS, predecessor of the Central Intelligence Agency), ultimately becoming general counsel of the OSS, and an international diplomatic negotiator.


title: James B. Donovan

text: Donovan is widely known for negotiating the 1960–1962 exchange of captured American U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers and American student Frederic Pryor for Soviet spy Rudolf Abel, and for negotiating the 1962 release and return of 9,703 prisoners held by Cuba after the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion. Donovan was portrayed by Tom Hanks in the 2015 feature film "Bridge of Spies".


title: James B. Donovan

text: James Britt Donovan was born on February 29, 1916, in the Bronx to of Harriet (née O'Connor), a piano teacher, and John J. Donovan, a surgeon. His brother was New York state senator John J. Donovan Jr. Both sides of the family were of Irish descent. He attended the Catholic All Hallows Institute. In 1933, he began his studies at Fordham University, where he completed a Bachelor of Arts degree in English in 1937. He wanted to become a journalist but his father convinced him to study law at Harvard Law School, beginning in autumn of 1937, where he completed his Bachelor of Laws degree in 1940.


title: James B. Donovan

text: After graduating from law school, Donovan started work at a private lawyer's office. He was a commander in the Navy during World War II. In 1942, he became associate general counsel at the Office of Scientific Research and Development. From 1943 to 1945, he was general counsel at the Office of Strategic Services. In 1945, he became assistant to Justice Robert H. Jackson at the Nuremberg trials in Germany.


title: James B. Donovan

text: Donovan was the presenter of visual evidence at the trial. While he prepared for the trials he also worked as an advisor for the documentary feature "The Nazi Plan".


title: James B. Donovan

text: In 1950, Donovan became a partner in the New York-based law office of Watters and Donovan, specializing in insurance law.


title: James B. Donovan

text: In 1957, Donovan defended the Soviet spy Rudolf Abel in what was known as the Hollow Nickel Case after many other lawyers refused. He later brought in Thomas M. Debevoise to assist him. Abel was convicted at trial, but Donovan was successful in persuading the court not to impose a death sentence. He appealed Abel's case to the Supreme Court, which in "Abel v. United States" was rejected by a 5–4 vote. Donovan's argument was that evidence used against his client had been seized by the FBI in violation of the Fourth Amendment. Chief Justice of the United States Earl Warren praised him and publicly expressed the "gratitude of the entire court" for his taking the case.


title: James B. Donovan

text: In 1962, Donovan, who was lead negotiator, and CIA lawyer Milan C. Miskovsky negotiated with Soviet mediators to free captured American pilot Francis Gary Powers. Donovan successfully negotiated for the exchange of Powers, along with American student Frederic Pryor, for the still-imprisoned Rudolf Abel, whom Donovan had defended five years earlier.


title: James B. Donovan

text: This negotiation and preceding events were dramatized by the 2015 historical thriller "Bridge of Spies", by Steven Spielberg.


title: James B. Donovan

text: In June 1962, Donovan was contacted by Cuban exile Pérez Cisneros, who asked him to support the negotiations to free the 1,113 prisoners of the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion. Donovan offered "pro bono" legal service for the Cuban Families Committee of prisoners' relatives. A few months later, he traveled to Cuba for the first time. Donovan managed to create confidence with Castro, who was pleased Donovan brought his (Donovan's) teenage son with him to Cuba.


title: James B. Donovan

text: On December 21, 1962, Castro and Donovan signed an agreement to exchange all 1,113 prisoners for $53 million in food and medicine, sourced from private donations and from companies expecting tax concessions. Donovan had the idea to exchange the prisoners for medicine after he had found out that the Cuban medicine didn't help him with his own bursitis. By the end of the negotiations, July 3, 1963, Donovan had secured the release of 9,703 men, women and children from Cuban detention. Donovan was once again teamed up with CIA lawyer Milan C. Miskovsky on these negotiations. For his work, Donovan received the Distinguished Intelligence Medal.


title: James B. Donovan

text: From 1961 to 1963, Donovan was vice president of the New York Board of Education, and from 1963 until 1965, he was the president of the board. In June 1962, his alma mater Fordham presented Donovan with an honorary degree. In 1962, he was the Democratic nominee for U.S. Senate in New York but lost in November 1962 to Republican incumbent Jacob K. Javits. In 1968, Donovan was appointed president of Pratt Institute. He died of a heart attack on January 19, 1970, in Brooklyn's Methodist Hospital in New York, after being treated for influenza.


title: James B. Donovan

text: In 1941, Donovan married Mary E. McKenna, who was also an Irish American. The couple had a son and three daughters, and lived in Brooklyn, New York, while also maintaining seasonal residences in Spring Lake on the Jersey Shore, New Jersey, and Lake Placid, New York State, where Donovan is buried alongside his wife and daughter. He was a rare book collector, golfer, tennis player and gin rummy player. A collection of his papers is held at Stanford University's Hoover Library & Archives.


title: James B. Donovan

text: The story of the Abel trial and defense, followed by the negotiation and prisoner exchange, was the basis for the book "Strangers on a Bridge: The Case of Colonel Abel and Francis Gary Powers", written by Donovan and ghost writer Bard Lindeman, which was published in 1964. Several similar works would come later, but "Strangers" was the definitive work and was widely critically acclaimed. The book was re-released by Simon & Schuster in August 2015. In 1967, Donovan published his second book, "Challenges: Reflections of a Lawyer-at-Large".


title: James B. Donovan

text: James Gregory played Donovan in the 1976 TV movie "Francis Gary Powers: The True Story of the U-2 Spy Incident", based on Powers' biography (written with Curt Gentry). Lee Majors played Powers. In 2006, Philip J. Bigger published a biography of Donovan, "Negotiator: The Life and Career of James B. Donovan"., which was re-released in paperback in January 2017.


title: James B. Donovan

text: Though not officially the basis for the movie "Bridge of Spies", Donovan's "Strangers on a Bridge" is the closest, and is the only first-hand narrative to the dramatic events in the Oscar-winning movie. The 1964 New York Times Best Seller repeated itself in 2015, becoming #1 on the New York Times Best Seller list for espionage books. The book has been widely acclaimed, including by Steven Spielberg and Tom Hanks. The re-issue coincided with the pre-release promotion for the movie, directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Matt Charman and the Coen Brothers, which was released on October 16, 2015. Tom Hanks plays the role of Donovan, with Amy Ryan as his wife, Mary.


title: James B. Donovan

text: In October 2016, Fordham University inducted Donovan into its Hall of Honor in conjunction with its Dodransbicentennial, the 175th anniversary of the school, in a mass at St. Patrick's Cathedral with Cardinal Timothy Dolan, who was also named a founder of the school. Fordham was founded by Archbishop Hughes, who is an ancestor of Donovan. Also in October 2016, Donovan was inducted into the All Hallows School Hall of Fame.


title: Gaston Glock

text: Gaston Glock (born 19 July 1929) is an Austrian engineer and businessman who is the founder of the company Glock, who are best known for developing the Glock pistol in 1981.


title: Gaston Glock

text: Glock began as a manufacturer of curtain rods in the 1960s, and knives for the Austrian military in the 1970s, and did not design or manufacture a firearm until he was 52 years old. He already had experience with polymers as a result of his previous business ventures. In 1980, he bought an injection-moulding machine to manufacture handles and sheaths for the field knives he was making for the Austrian army in his garage workshop. His earliest employees were from the camera industry and experienced in producing polymer components. His first pistol took one year to produce from the design and concept stage to production, and he applied for an Austrian patent in April 1981 for the pistol known as the Glock 17.


title: Gaston Glock

text: Glock married Helga Glock in 1958, and they co-founded the family business in 1963. They divorced in 2011 and went into litigation over accusations that Glock engaged in racketeering. The lawsuit was dismissed in 2017. Glock supports different charities in Austria, having donated over one million euros. He also was quoted for giving funds to the Freedom Party of Austria.


title: Gaston Glock

text: In July 1999, Glock suspected that Charles Ewert, one of his closest financial advisers, had been embezzling funds. Glock confronted Ewert, who had hired a French mercenary (aged 67) to murder Glock with a rubber mallet in a car park, in an attempt to make it look like an accident. Glock was hit in the head but able to fight back, punching the man until he collapsed on top of Glock. Both Ewert and the assassin were convicted of attempted murder and sent to prison.


title: White House Farm (TV series)

text: White House Farm (broadcast in some countries under the titles White House Farm Murders and The Murders at White House Farm) is a British television crime drama based on the real-life events that took place in August 1985.


title: White House Farm (TV series)

text: The series was produced by New Pictures for ITV and distributed worldwide by All3Media. It was broadcast by ITV on 8 January 2020.


title: White House Farm (TV series)

text: The series is based on true events from 6 August 1985. Five members of the Bamber-Caffell family are shot to death at White House Farm, Essex. The police, led by detectives DCI Taff Jones (Stephen Graham) and DS Stan Jones (Mark Addy), are called in to investigate.


title: White House Farm (TV series)

text: When questioning the Bambers' son, Jeremy Bamber, he claims that his sister, Sheila, who was suffering from schizophrenia, went "berserk", got hold of a silenced rifle and killed their parents and Sheila's six-year old twin sons. As the murder case unravels, a devastating twist comes to light.


title: White House Farm (TV series)

text: The series was first reported on in August 2018, when filming had begun. Stephen Graham, Freddie Fox, Cressida Bonas and Alexa Davies were announced as the main cast. Further details of the show were revealed by ITV in October 2019, and a release was scheduled for early 2020. The trailer was released in December 2019, and the series began airing on ITV on 8 January 2020. It was released on DVD in February 2020.


title: White House Farm (TV series)

text: International distribution of the series was handled by All3Media. In November 2019, HBO Max closed a deal to air the series on their service in the United States; it was released in September 2020 under the title "The Murders at White House Farm". The series was also aired in the Netherlands in June 2020 by the Dutch broadcaster KRO-NCRV, adding the word "Murders" to the series' title.


title: White House Farm (TV series)

text: The real-life murders took place in the village of Tolleshunt D'Arcy. No scenes in "White House Farm" were filmed there; instead, the producers chose other locations to replicate the area. The scenes of Jeremy Bamber's trial were filmed in the same courthouse that the real-life trial took place in, Chelmsford Crown Court.


title: White House Farm (TV series)

text: On the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, "White House Farm" holds an approval rating of 82%, based on 17 reviews. On Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the film received an average score of 58 based on 4 reviews, indicating a "mixed or average" response.


title: White House Farm (TV series)

text: Stephen Graham's portrayal of Welsh detective "Taff" Jones drew some criticism, with a number of pundits, including Carolyn Hitt of WalesOnline, stating that his Welsh accent was inauthentic. Some online commentators described the accent as the "worst screen accent since Dick Van Dyke".


title: White House Farm (TV series)

text: On 18 September 2020 an official companion podcast produced by iHeartRadio was announced via a trailer published across all podcasting platforms, with the first episode premiering on 24 September 2020 alongside the release of the series on HBO Max.


title: White House Farm (TV series)

text: Hosted by three-time Emmy award-winning producer Lauren Bright Pacheco, the podcast features conversations with the creators of the series, experts on the case, and family members of the deceased to "provide context to what’s happening on screen as well as extended audio clips to further immerse the listener in the world of the show."