title: Eau Claire, Wisconsin

text: Eau Claire is on freight rail lines owned by the Union Pacific Railroad, formerly owned by the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Railway (Omaha Road), and later part of the Chicago and North Western Railway. C&NW operated passenger trains from Chicago through Eau Claire to the Twin Cities area until 1963, when the "Twin Cities 400" ended service. Passenger rail service to Eau Claire is seen as critical by the Minnesota Department of Transportation and Wisconsin Department of Transportation, and they plan to return trains to the city by 2030. In March 2021, Amtrak unveiled plans to bring a passenger service to Eau Claire as part of a Milwaukee-to-St. Paul route.


title: Eau Claire, Wisconsin

text: Mayo Clinic Health System's Eau Claire location, which has a level 2 trauma rating and serves as the regional trauma center, offers a family medicine residency program. It was also named the #4 best hospital in Wisconsin and recognized as a Best Regional Hospital in northwestern Wisconsin. Eau Claire also has two other hospitals with level 3 trauma ratings: HSHS Sacred Heart and Marshfield Medical Center. All three hospitals offer various specialty care units and services.


title: Eau Claire, Wisconsin

text: Eau Claire is home to two libraries: McIntyre Library on the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire campus and L.E. Phillips Memorial Public Library. L.E. Phillips Memorial Public Library holds many events, such as children's storytimes, book clubs and makerspace labs.


title: Eau Claire, Wisconsin

text: Oakwood Mall is Eau Claire's main mall. It has been open since 1986 and has 91 stores and services. Downtown Eau Claire and Water Street also include a variety of specialty shops, including bike shops, arcades, record shops, and antique stores.


title: Eau Claire, Wisconsin

text: The Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire is headquartered in the city. Its mother church is Christ Church Cathedral. The city is also within the Roman Catholic Diocese of La Crosse and is home to Sacred Heart Church and St. Patrick's Church. Additionally, Community House, First Congregational Church, First Methodist Episcopal Church and the Lutheran Church of the Good Shepherd are in Eau Claire.


title: Seberg

text: Seberg is a 2019 political thriller film directed by Benedict Andrews, from a screenplay by Joe Shrapnel and Anna Waterhouse based on the life of Jean Seberg. It stars Kristen Stewart, Jack O'Connell, Margaret Qualley, Zazie Beetz, Anthony Mackie, and Vince Vaughn.


title: Seberg

text: It had its world premiere at the Venice Film Festival on August 30, 2019. It was released in the United Kingdom on January 10, 2020, by Universal Pictures and in North America on February 21, 2020, by Amazon Studios, after an awards-qualifying run on December 13, 2019.


title: Seberg

text: Jean Seberg, an American actress known for playing the female lead in Jean-Luc Godard's film "Breathless", prepares to part with her husband, Romain Gary, and child in Paris before leaving for Los Angeles. On the jet flight in first class, she witnesses a Black activist insisting on sitting in first class and offering to pay for the seats. The activist demands preferential treatment for Malcolm X's widow, claiming she should be treated like "royalty"; Seberg appears to be attracted to the passenger, who introduces himself as Hakim Jamal, a member of the Black Panther Party (BPP).


title: Seberg

text: Upon arrival in the U.S., Seberg notices a group of Black activists protesting at the airport and indicating their displeasure with the treatment Jamal and his traveling companions received on the flight. She joins the protesters and raises her fist in a Black power salute in solidarity. Unbeknownst to her, FBI agents, including Jack Solomon, are undercover at the airport. At Solomon's suggestion, the FBI shadow her activities while she is in the U.S. and arrange to have her phone conversations taped due to her perceived association with the Black Power movement.


title: Seberg

text: After telling Jamal she knows the incident on the plane was staged to get her attention, Seberg begins a sexual relationship with him, despite the latter being married. The FBI's surveillance program COINTELPRO begins to target Seberg, recording her and Jamal having sex and playing it to Jamal's wife, Dorothy, over the phone. Jamal leaves Seberg after Dorothy confronts him, leaving Seberg devastated. Seberg becomes increasingly paranoid after suspecting that her life is being monitored. Solomon anonymously calls Seberg to warn her to sever her ties with the movement.


title: Seberg

text: Seberg becomes pregnant by an unknown person. Continuing their surveillance and harassment of Seberg for years, COINTELPRO agents create a rumor that the baby was fathered by a member of the BPP and feed it to the media. Seberg attempts suicide, which leads to her daughter dying in infancy. The combination of her daughter's death and the FBI's smear campaign about the child's paternity send her into a deep depression. Seberg announces she would sue the publication that published the rumor. Solomon changes his mind about surveilling Seberg, takes the FBI file on her, and shows it to her at a bar, confirming her suspicions. After the encounter, the real-life Seberg is said to have moved back to Paris while still supporting the BPP and died in 1979 due to a probable suicide.


title: Seberg

text: In March 2018, it was announced Kristen Stewart, Jack O'Connell, Anthony Mackie, Margaret Qualley and Colm Meaney had joined the cast of the film, then titled "Against All Enemies". Benedict Andrews will direct the film from a screenplay by Joe Shrapnel and Anna Waterhouse. Fred Berger, Brian Kavanaugh-Jones, Kate Garwood, Stephen Hopkins, Bradley Pilz, will produce the film under their Automatik and Bradley Pilz Productions banners, respectively. In April 2018, Zazie Beetz joined the cast of the film. In May 2018, Vince Vaughn, Yvan Attal and Stephen Root joined the cast of the film. In June 2018, Cornelius Smith Jr. and Jade Pettyjohn joined the cast of the film. In July 2018, Ser'Darius Blain joined the cast of the film.


title: Seberg

text: Amazon Studios acquired distribution rights to "Against All Enemies" in February 2019. The film was retitled "Seberg", and had its world premiere out of competition at the Venice Film Festival on August 30, 2019. Universal Pictures distributed the film in select international territories outside of America. It also screened at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 7, 2019. The film was released in the United States on December 13, 2019, in an Oscar qualifying run, before being released on February 21, 2020. and in the United Kingdom on January 10, 2020.


title: Seberg

text: On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of based on reviews, with an average rating of . The site's critical consensus reads, ""Seberg"s frustratingly superficial treatment of a fascinating true story does a disservice to its subject—and Kristen Stewart's performance in the central role." On Metacritic, the film holds a weighted average score of 54 out of 100, based on 28 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews."


title: Seberg

text: "Time"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s annual best performances of the year list by Stephanie Zacharek listed Stewart as the tenth best performance of 2019.


title: Marceline the Vampire Queen

text: Marceline the Vampire Queen is a fictional character in the American animated Cartoon Network television series "Adventure Time", created by Pendleton Ward. She is voiced by Olivia Olson in most appearances, by Ava Acres as a child, and by Cloris Leachman as an older woman. Marceline is a fun-loving 1,000-year-old vampire queen, as well as a musician who plays an electric bass that she made from her family's heirloom battle-ax. Ward created the artistic design for Marceline, with small changes and additions added by Phil Rynda, the former lead character and prop designer for "Adventure Time".


title: Marceline the Vampire Queen

text: Marceline makes her debut in the first-season episode "Evicted!" in which she forces Finn and Jake from their home. However, as the series progresses, Marceline becomes a close friend to the two. Several backstory episodes have established that she was born to an unnamed human mother (voiced by Rebecca Sugar) and the demon Hunson Abadeer (voiced by Olivia's real-life father, Martin Olson). Furthermore, when she was a child, the cataclysmic Mushroom War occurred, and soon after, she developed a father-daughter-like bond with Simon Petrikov (voiced by Tom Kenny), who would one day turn into the Ice King.


title: Marceline the Vampire Queen

text: Marceline has been critically acclaimed and is popular with the "Adventure Time" fandom. The character was also the focus of the seventh season miniseries "Stakes" (2015). Early in the show's history, Ward himself stated that Marceline was his favorite character because he did not know everything about her history and backstory, which he felt added a mysterious element to her character. Marceline's relationship with Princess Bubblegum created controversy when the episodes "What Was Missing" and "Sky Witch" implied that they had been in a relationship—a relationship that was confirmed in the series finale "Come Along with Me." The relationship was also the subject of the second episode of "", "Obsidian," which was nominated for a GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Kids and Family Programming.


title: Marceline the Vampire Queen

text: Marceline is one of the major characters in "Adventure Time". Although she did not appear in the series pilot, the groundwork for her design and character was present in the series pitch book, penned by series creator Pendleton Ward. Ward purposely set out to make Marceline's character complex, as he explained that "with the female characters it's easy to either write them as clichés or write them as the extreme opposite of those clichés ... I just try to make them have faults and strengths just like Finn and Jake have." Initially, in the series bible, Marceline is described as being "friendly rivals" with Bubblegum. Marceline's name is based on the name of a childhood friend of Ward's, Marie, whose middle name is Marceline. Ward described Marie as someone who likes the horror movie "Psycho" and wears dark clothing.


title: Marceline the Vampire Queen

text: The design for Marceline was created by Ward, with small changes and additions added by Phil Rynda, former lead character and prop designer for "Adventure Time". Visually, Marceline has long, dark hair. She rarely walks on the ground, generally preferring to float when she travels, moves, and sleeps. Marceline, unlike many of the other characters, wears varying outfits in most of her appearances. Ward said her clothing changes from episode to episode because "girls own more than one outfit". Olivia Olson, the voice actress who plays Marceline, was impressed by her character's fashion design stating, "she has really cool style ... I love what they come up with [in] every episode." Olson explained that when she goes in to record the voices for each episode, she is "totally surprised" by the costuming for Marceline. While she says her lines, she is able to view the animatics for the episode and sometimes has to stop to admire the unique designs. Marceline's physical size and shape slightly changes depending on who is drawing her. Rynda later called this "one of the coolest parts" about the character's animation due to the fact that "every artist leaves a little bit of their own taste and sensibilities in what they draw."


title: Marceline the Vampire Queen

text: Marceline is voiced by Olivia Olson. When production on "Adventure Time" began, Ward contacted his friend Martin Olson, who was a writer on the animated Disney series "Phineas and Ferb", and asked if he knew who played the character Vanessa Doofenshmirtz on "Phineas and Ferb", as he wanted "her as a voice" on his show; reportedly, Ward was unaware that the actress was actually Martin Olson's daughter. During the casting audition, Olivia Olson first read for Princess Bubblegum, but was later asked to read for the role of Marceline. Upon seeing character designs, Olson was "definitely impressed by the character". Because Ward knew that he wanted Olivia on his show, Martin Olson later joked that her audition was simply a "sham" to please network executives. In order to get into character, Olson often dresses in a manner similar to Marceline when she records her lines; she explained, "I always find ... that on the days that I go in to record Marceline, I'll dress like her, in a weird way ... I'll throw on some rock n' roll boots, maybe some red lipstick, and just go in there." In flashback sequences, younger Marceline is voiced by Ava Acres. In the fifth season episodes "Finn the Human" / "Jake the Dog", an older, alternate universe version of the character is voiced by Cloris Leachman. Martin Olson also provides the voice for Marceline's demonic father Hunson Abadeer. Olivia Olson later noted that the opportunity to voice act with her father was "pretty cool".


title: Marceline the Vampire Queen

text: Olson also is the character's singing voice. Composers Casey James Basichis and Tim Kiefer produce the bass music that the character performs in the series. The songs themselves were written by storyboard artists, or other people affiliated with production, and the demos for many of these songs were later uploaded onto the internet by those affiliated with the show.


title: Marceline the Vampire Queen

text: In March 2021, it was revealed that Sugar was encouraged by the show's creative team to put her "own life experiences into the character of Marceline."


title: Marceline the Vampire Queen

text: Roughly a thousand years prior to the events of the series, Marceline was born to a demon lord, Hunson Abadeer (voiced by Martin Olson), and a human woman (voiced by Rebecca Sugar). Abadeer is the ruler of the Nightosphere—a Hellish dimension sustained by "chaotic evil"—and subsists on the souls of sentient beings. Following the Mushroom War (a mysterious war that ravaged the earth one thousand years prior to events of the series) and the death of her mother, Marceline was left abandoned on Earth and was found by Simon Petrikov—the name of the Ice King before he was overcome by the evil power of his crown. The two developed a caring relationship, although the crown took a toll on Simon's mental health, forcing him to leave Marceline alone. During this period in her life, she was reunited with her father, only to be disgusted by his cold and heartless ways. Although she attempted to tolerate his evil and selfish antics, she eventually severed all ties with Abadeer after she discovered him eating fries that she had made for herself. In the following years, Marceline roamed the land of Ooo and began killing vampires, who had taken over much of the land. Marceline soon discovered that, upon killing a vampire, she was able to acquire their unique abilities thanks to her demonic power to absorb souls. However, when she tried to fight the Vampire King, she was bitten and turned into a vampire herself. At some point, she began a romantic relationship with a magician named Ash. The two would move into the Tree Fort, but their relationship would come to an end when Ash sold Hambo to a witch. Presumably, around this time, Marceline befriended Princess Bubblegum, the leader of the Candy Kingdom; the two would often avoid official royal meetings and explore the Candy Kingdom's rock candy mining complex. Eventually, due largely to the mounting stress of running her kingdom, Bubblegum pushed Marceline away, leading to a rift between the two that lasted for a while.


title: Marceline the Vampire Queen

text: In the series' present, Marceline eventually comes into contact with Finn and Jake in the first season episode "Evicted!", when she forces them from their home. In the episode "Henchman", Marceline tricks Finn into becoming her accomplice. In the episode, Finn discovers that Marceline is fond of mischief and pranks. Soon thereafter, the two develop a friendship. In the second season premiere "It Came From the Nightosphere", Abadeer is accidentally summoned to Ooo by Finn. While Abadeer ravages the land, Finn discovers that there is animosity between Marceline and her father. Finn manages to distract Abadeer by playing a recording of Marceline's "Fry Song", which leads to a brief moment of reconciliation between the two before Finn sends him back to the Nightosphere. In the third season episode "Memory of a Memory", Ash attempts to rekindle his former relationship with Marceline via trickery. Disguised as Marceline's "spirit animal", he tricks Finn and Jake into believing that Marceline has fallen asleep due to a sleep spell that has been self-inflicted. Following Ash's advice, the two enter into Marceline's mind to retrieve the "memory core" in an attempt to wake her up. Along the way, they encounter various memories of her as a child following the Mushroom War. However, the duo soon learn that it was an elaborate trick by Ash; Finn and Jake actually removed Marceline's memory of their break-up. In the end, Finn is able to convince Marceline, and she promptly attacks her chauvinistic ex-boyfriend. In "What Was Missing", past animosity between Marceline and Princess Bubblegum is explored when Finn, Jake, Princess Bubblegum, BMO, and Marceline form a band to defeat the Door Lord and recover what was stolen from them.


title: Marceline the Vampire Queen

text: In the fourth season episodes, "Return to the Nightosphere" / "Daddy's Little Monster", Marceline's dad returns and gives her an amulet that causes her to become the demonic overlord of the Nightosphere. After an ordeal, Finn saves Marceline from the amulet. Marceline admits that all she wants is for her father to understand her. When Finn wishes for an alternate reality in which the Lich never existed during the events of the fifth-season premiere "Finn the Human", a universe is created in which the Mushroom War was prevented and Marceline never became a vampire. She appears in the episode as a frail and aged half-demon, who was killed when a "mutagenic bomb" that was frozen in ice by Simon Petrikov detonates. Jake manages to undo this reality with his wish and sets everything back to the way it was. In "Sky Witch", Marceline enlists the help of Princess Bubblegum, and the two are able to track down Maja, the titular Sky Witch. It is revealed that Ash sold Hambo to Maja. Only when Bubblegum trades her beloved rock shirt is Hambo able to be reunited with Marceline. After the events of "Sky Witch", Bubblegum and Marceline are on much friendlier ground, and their friendship is reaffirmed in the episodes "Varmints" and "Broke His Crown", from the seventh and eighth seasons, respectively. In "Betty", Marceline sacrifices Hambo so that Ice King—who lost his powers and became Simon Petrikov again—can open a portal into time so that Simon can reconcile with his estranged fiancée Betty. Although the two are reunited in "Betty", due to the rush of events, Marceline and Simon are unable to fully catch up before Simon reverts to the Ice King. With that being said, in the eighth-season episode "Broke His Crown", the two manage to more fully reunite, and as such, manage to affirm how much they care for one another.


title: Marceline the Vampire Queen

text: The miniseries "Stakes", which aired during the show's seventh season, documents the reemergence of five of Marceline's most powerful vampiric foes: the Fool (voiced by Ron Funches), the Empress Eyes (voiced by Rebecca Romijn), the Hierophant (voiced by Paul Williams), the Moon (voiced by Beau Billingslea), and the Vampire King himself (voiced by Billy Brown). The quintet remerge after Bubblegum tries to extract Marceline's vampiric essence in an attempt to make Marceline mortal once again. The reappearance of these vampires forces Marceline, Bubblegum, Finn, Jake, and Peppermint Butler (voiced by Steve Little) to stake them one-by-one; in the ensuing action, Marceline is once again turned into a vampire, but comes to terms with her immortal fate. Later, in the ninth-season miniseries "Elements", Marceline is temporarily transformed by elemental magic into "Marshmaline the Campfire Queen"—a sentient marshmallow creature. In her candy form, Marceline is gregarious and playful, but a bit naive about the nature of the new world around her; for instance, when an enraged Flame Princess attacks her, Marceline mistakes the assault for "wrasslin'". At the end of the miniseries, Marceline is returned to her usual self. (Marceline details her recollection of these events via highly allegorical language to BMO in the ninth-season episode "Ketchup".) In the tenth-season episode "Marcy & Hunson", Marceline's father returns to Ooo and attends one of her concerts. While he initially embarrasses his daughter and eventually causes a ghost fight to break out, by the end of the episode, Marceline is touched that her father was willing to support her.


title: Marceline the Vampire Queen

text: In the "Adventure Time" series finale, Marceline fights for Princess Bubblegum during the Great Gum War. When the chaos deity GOLB is accidentally brought into Ooo, she refuses to abandon her friend. After one of GOLB's monstrosities nearly kills the princess, Marceline rushes to her side, and after a tender moment, the two affirm that they care for one another and then kiss. Marceline and Bubblegum are shown sitting together on a couch under a blanket during the episode's epilogue, and they both touch heads.


title: Marceline the Vampire Queen

text: Marceline is the focus of the episode "Obsidian" in the spin-off series "". Marceline and Bubblegum travel to defeat a dragon that threatens the lives of the Glass Kingdom, where Marceline is revered as a saint for having defeated the dragon centuries before. The episode depicts Marceline and Bubblegum living together as a couple and explores their previous relationship troubles as well as Marceline's childhood trauma.


title: Marceline the Vampire Queen

text: The gender-swapped version of Marceline—named Marshall Lee—appeared in the third-season episode "Fionna and Cake". This version of the character only had a small cameo and no lines. It was later revealed that another Fionna and Cake episode was in the works for season five, and that the plot would largely revolve around Marshall Lee. The episode—titled "Bad Little Boy"—aired on February 18, 2013. In the episode, the princesses that are captured by the Ice King are tired of his poorly written Fionna and Cake fan fiction stories, so Marceline stops by the Ice Kingdom to show him how to do it properly; she tells a tale involving her gender-swapped character, Marshall Lee. The character was voiced by comedian and musician Donald Glover. Additionally, Marshall Lee makes a cameo appearance in the third Fionna and Cake episode entitled "The Prince Who Wanted Everything", and has a speaking role in the fourth entitled "Five Short Tables".


title: Marceline the Vampire Queen

text: A six issue spin-off comic miniseries titled "Marceline and the Scream Queens", written by Meredith Gran of "Octopus Pie", debuted in July 2012. The series featured Marceline and Princess Bubblegum forming a band and touring around Ooo. The series are published by Boom! Studios under its kid-oriented imprint KaBoom, which also publishes the rest of the "Adventure Time" series. Other contributors to the series include Faith Erin Hicks, and Liz Prince. KaBoom has also published "Seeing Red" by Kate Leth, and "Marceline Gone Adrift" by Gran.


title: Marceline the Vampire Queen

text: Marceline is also featured in the iOS game "Adventure Time: Rock Bandits". In the context of the game, the Ice King kidnaps Marceline's fans at a concert so that they will be his fans instead. Finn and Jake must then free the captured citizens. Marceline appears as a playable character in the toys-to-life video game "Lego Dimensions", distributed via a "fun pack" containing a Marceline Lego minifigure and a constructable "Lunatic Amp" accessory.


title: Marceline the Vampire Queen

text: Marceline is a half-demon and half-human vampire. She assumed the title "Vampire Queen" after having killed the previous Vampire King prior to the start of the show. Although she is over 1,000 years old, she takes on the physical appearance of an 18- to 21-year-old. Having spent centuries traversing the Land of Ooo, she has evolved into a "fearless daredevil", and her fondness for mischief has turned her into something of a trickster. Consequently, in her first role, Marceline functions as the antagonist of the story, forcing Finn and Jake from their home. However, she eventually becomes their close friend once Finn recognizes that she is "a radical dame who likes to play games".


title: Marceline the Vampire Queen

text: Unlike traditional Western vampires, Marceline subsists not off blood, but rather the color red. Items she drinks the red from are rendered grey afterward, including, on one occasion, Princess Bubblegum. Since she is only sated by the color itself, blood is appealing simply due to its hue (although Ward noted on his Formspring that she "drinks blood sometimes"). When Marceline is deprived of red, she enters a "feral" state, and will instinctively try to kill others and drink their blood. Like traditional Western vampires, she is vulnerable to sunlight and is capable of turning into a bat of varying size. Marceline also possesses several powers, such as levitation, invisibility, self-healing, and shapeshifting; she gained each of these powers after absorbing the essence of several powerful vampires, as documented in "Stakes". From her demonic father, she also inherited the power to absorb people's souls. Marceline is also a survivor of the Mushroom War. Hints of her past are sprinkled through the series; in "Memory of a Memory" a trip into Marceline's mind shows her as a child wandering around the outskirts of a destroyed city, and "I Remember You" features her meeting Simon Petrikov in a ruined city.


title: Marceline the Vampire Queen

text: She was very emotionally attached to her teddy bear Hambo, which was given to her by Simon Petrikov, as revealed in the episode "I Remember You". In "Memory of a Memory", after Ash sold the teddy bear to a witch, Marceline was furious and broke up with him. In the episode "Sky Witch", Marceline enlists Princess Bubblegum's help, and they retrieve the bear, but in "Betty", she sacrifices the bear to allow Simon the chance to communicate with his fiancée. Although she is very independent, her detachment often makes her feel alone, as seen in "Marceline's Closet"; while Jake and Finn are hiding in her closet, she expresses most of her feeling via her diary. Throughout the series, Marceline is seen playing music; in several official sources, she is described as "a wild rocker girl". Several times throughout the series, she jams with Finn and Jake, and various others depending on the circumstances. She is usually shown playing her ax bass, which was formerly her family's heirloom battle-ax. According to Ward, she is ambidextrous, which explains her ability to play bass with both hands. She often finds it easier to express her feelings through music, as seen with songs like the "Fry Song," about her father, and "I'm Just Your Problem," about her relationship with Princess Bubblegum.


title: Marceline the Vampire Queen

text: Marceline has a close relationship with Finn and Jake. Marceline and Finn have many things in common with one another; in the episodes "Evicted" and "Henchman," it is stated that the reason Marceline befriended Finn is that he enjoys being himself. Although she has kissed Finn platonically on the cheek twice, Ward has noted that there is no romantic subtext between the two. On the other hand, Marceline and Jake share a more complex relationship. In her initial appearances, she derived pleasure from scaring Jake, who was terrified "of her vampire bite". In turn, Jake felt that she was evil and had managed to take over Finn's mind. Due to this, Jake attempted to kill her several times, to no avail. However, after the events of "Henchman," Jake seems to have forgotten his fear of her; in "Memory of a Memory," he even refers to her as a "friend" in one of her memories.


title: Marceline the Vampire Queen

text: At the start of the series, Marceline shares a tense relationship with Princess Bubblegum. However, as the show has gone on, their relationship has been fleshed out and changed. Marceline was the first person to address Bubblegum by her first name—Bonnibel—which occurred in the episode "Go with Me". Their connections are explored further in the season three episode "What Was Missing". In the episode, Marceline's song "I'm Just Your Problem" and the dialogue between her and Bubblegum implied that they may have had some sort of relationship in the past, although the exact details surrounding the nature of the relationship were not explained. This later caused an internet controversy over Marceline's sexual orientation. However, after the events of "What Was Missing", Marceline and Bubblegum's relationship seems to have gotten better, as the two spend quality time together in "Sky Witch", "Varmints", "Stakes", and "Broke His Crown" and are seen having a strong bond. In the series finale, "Come Along with Me", Marceline and Bubblegum express their romantic feelings for one another and kiss, and the episode's epilogue shows the two seemingly as a happy couple. In the episode "Obsidian" of the spin-off series "," set some years later (Finn is shown as an adult man in the episode), Marceline and Bubblegum are depicted as living together in Marceline's cave and are in an explicitly romantic relationship with each other. The episode also confirms that they had previously been in a relationship and a break-up is shown through flashbacks.


title: Marceline the Vampire Queen

text: Marceline and her father, Hunson Abadeer, have trouble accepting one another. Initially, Marceline believes her father does not care for her and expresses her feelings through the before-mentioned "Fry Song." Although they admit to loving each other, Abadeer constantly pressures Marceline to follow in the family business and take over ruling the Nightosphere, a prospective job Marceline does not want.


title: Marceline the Vampire Queen

text: Marceline's mother, Elise, died centuries before the series and is depicted only in flashbacks. In "Everything Stays", Elise and a young Marceline are shown living together in a trailer in the desert. In "Obsidian" it is revealed that Elise tried to take Marceline to a fallout bunker but succumbed to illness on the way, leaving Marceline alone. Marceline believed that her mother had abandoned her until she finds a recording from Elise apologizing.


title: Marceline the Vampire Queen

text: Marceline and the Ice King also have a complicated relationship. In the episode "I Remember You," it is revealed that the Ice King—then the human man named Simon Petrikov—discovered her crying in the ruins of a city destroyed by the Mushroom Wars. It was Simon who gave little Marceline Hambo and attempted to watch over her. This kind gesture made the Ice King a long-time close friend and father figure to Marceline. However, as the crown's power increased, Simon began to forget more and more about his relationship with Marceline until he had all but forgotten their friendship. Former storyboard artist and showrunner for the series Adam Muto explained that Marceline and the Ice King's history was not part of the series' initial plan but something that "evolved from [the show's] original course and it will likely continue to evolve in the future." The "" spin-off shows that Simon eventually regains himself and maintains a close relationship with Marceline.


title: Marceline the Vampire Queen

text: Marceline has attracted positive critical attention. Oliver Sava of "The A.V. Club" praised her as one "of this show's most tragic characters." He later wrote that her addition "was a major turning point for the series, introducing a hip, adventure-loving female to the cast who can hold her own against Finn and Jake and also has a strong connection to Ooo's past." Furthermore, he noted that "she's been at the center of some of the show's most emotional episodes," and "beyond her dramatic value, Marceline tends to just make every episode better" because "her writers clearly enjoy writing scenes for her." Susana Polo of "The Mary Sue" referred to the character as "one of the radder characters" in the series. Cam Shea of IGN named Marceline's introduction in "Evicted!" as the fourth best moment in the series' first season. He wrote that "sure, in this episode, she evicts Finn and Jake from their home ... but hey, this is the first time we meet her, and she's awesome."


title: Marceline the Vampire Queen

text: io9 writer Charlies Jane Anders wrote that Marceline's—as well as the Ice King's—appearance in "I Remember You" was "one of the most intense things I've seen in ages." She praised Marceline's development from a "pretty one-note villain" to a type of person that "we sort of knew". CartoonNetwork.co.uk named her "Character of the Week" on January 24, 2012. "The Guardian" called Marceline the best character in "Adventure Time" in a DVD review of the series, noting in particular that "she's ... responsible for some of the show's best songs." In 2016, WhatCulture ranked her the fourth best character on the show, writing that she is a "bad ass" and "the coolest character in the series", and that—after the anti-vampire backlash in pop culture caused largely by the book and film series "Twilight" and the television show "The Vampire Diaries" in the mid-to-late 2000s—"Marceline ... prove[s] that vampires can still be awesome."


title: Marceline the Vampire Queen

text: Lauren Rearick of "Teen Vogue" argued that Marceline is important in a discussion of on-screen representation, as she is from "a non-traditional family [whose] emotions ... sometimes mirrored depression". This, Rearick argues, gave the series "the opportunity to explore complex topics under the guise of a children's show."


title: Marceline the Vampire Queen

text: The production crew of "Adventure Time" are also pleased with the character. In 2010, near the start of the series, Ward stated that Marceline was his favorite character because he did not "know everything about her character yet", which he found to be "mysterious [and] cool". Rynda claimed that Marceline was probably his favorite character in the series because "she's just really fun to draw." Marceline is also particularly popular with the "Adventure Time" fan base, and after the release of "Evicted!" her popularity grew enormously. Ward later noted that he felt "good about that. It's nice". Marceline is also popular with cosplayers, or performance artists who wear costumes and fashion accessories to represent characters from the "Adventure Time" universe. The character's popularity has been recognized by the company that owns "Adventure Time". In fact, the official press release for the "Adventure Time: Marceline and the Scream Queens" companion comic book referred to the character as a "fan-favorite".


title: Marceline the Vampire Queen

text: Marceline's popularity has transcended into other mediums of popular culture. For instance, American singer Willow Smith dedicated two tracks of her debut album "Ardipithecus" (2015) to the character, which were eponymously named after her.


title: Marceline the Vampire Queen

text: The episode "What Was Missing" became controversial due to implications that Marceline and Princess Bubblegum had been in a past relationship. The controversy largely began after an accompanying "Mathematical" recap—a studio-endorsed behind the scenes video series implied that there were lesbian relations between Princess Bubblegum and Marceline and that the writing staff actively seeks input from fans. This incident was addressed by the show's producer, Fred Seibert, who said that "in trying to get the show's audience involved we got wrapped up by both fan conjecture and spicy fanart and went a little too far." Soon after, the video recap and the entire channel was pulled off of YouTube, although "What Was Missing" still airs during reruns. Seibert's decision to remove the video also proved controversial; "Bitch" magazine later wrote an article about how the episode "handled female desire—female queer desire at that—in a subtle but complex way", and that the removal of the recap and the studio's perceived treatment of the controversy was detrimental towards the acceptance of queer romance in children's television. Ward later addressed the issue and gave a more neutral view; he said that, because there were "so many extreme positions taken on it all over the Internet", he did not "really want to comment on it [because] it was a big hullaballoo." Following "What Was Missing", the pairing of Bubblegum and Marceline became popular with many fans of the show, and was labelled "Bubbline".


title: Marceline the Vampire Queen

text: In August 2014, Olson told a crowd of fans gathered at a Barnes & Noble book signing from "The Adventure Time Encyclopedia", that, according to Ward, Marceline and Princess Bubblegum had dated in the past, but that because the series airs in some areas where homosexual relationships are illegal, the relationship is not clearly depicted in the show. In series finale, "Come Along with Me", the two kiss, making their romantic relationship canon. Muto told TVLine that the relationship between Bubblegum and Marceline as well as their kissing was "an ongoing conversation... It certainly wasn't in the show's original pitch. It was a relationship that evolved over time." Storyboard artist Hanna K. Nyström was responsible for adding in the kiss. According to Muto, this scene was not originally in the script; it merely noted that Bubblegum and Marceline "have a moment". When Nyström was working on the sequence, Muto gave her creative control as to how she wanted that "moment" to unfold. Muto noted, "When Hanna boarded that, there was a little note in the margin that said 'Come on!' with a big exclamation point. That was the only note. I can't argue with that."


title: Mohammad Kaif

text: Mohammad Kaif () (born 1 December 1980) is a former Indian cricketer, who played Tests and ODIs. He made it to the national team on the strength of his performances at the Under-19 level, where he captained the India national under-19 cricket team to victory in the Under-19 World Cup in 2000.


title: Mohammad Kaif

text: Kaif was born in a middle-class family on 1 December 1980 in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. He started his career from Green Park Hostel, Kanpur. His father Mohammad Tarif Ansari played for the Railways cricket team and the Uttar Pradesh cricket team . His brother Mohammad Saif plays for Madhya Pradesh cricket team & Uttar Pradesh cricket team.


title: Mohammad Kaif

text: Kaif married Pooja Yadav, a Noida-based journalist, in 2011. They have 2 children, a son named Kabir and a daughter named Eva.


title: Mohammad Kaif

text: As of July 2005, Kaif was one of the only five cricketers from Uttar Pradesh state to have represented India on international level. In 2009, the Indian team was well represented by Uttar Pradesh with as many as three regulars, Suresh Raina, Praveen Kumar and Rudra Pratap Singh in the ODI team.


title: Mohammad Kaif

text: He was the captain of both Central Zone and Uttar Pradesh. He also captained the national ODI team in the 2005/06 Challenger Trophy in the absence of regular captain Rahul Dravid.


title: Mohammad Kaif

text: Kaif made his Test debut in 2000 against South Africa in Bangalore soon after, and was selected in the first intake of the National Cricket Academy in Bangalore.


title: Mohammad Kaif

text: His early international career was considered patchy, with the occasional outstanding performance backed up by ordinary batting. His most famous feat was helping India chase down 326 with 87* (off 75 balls) in the 2002 NatWest Series Final. The effort earned him his first Man of the Match award.


title: Mohammad Kaif

text: In the series against Bangladesh in late 2004, he was named Man of the Series award for his consistency in all the three ODIs.


title: Mohammad Kaif

text: Kaif earned himself a Test cap against South Africa while he was quite young at the age of 20, though soon later he was dropped from the national side because of some ordinary performances. Kaif made a good comeback to the Test side against Australia late in 2004 scoring two half-centuries.


title: Mohammad Kaif

text: He was a quick runner between the wickets and an excellent cover fielder, most notable for his agility and throwing accuracy. He holds the record for the most catches by a fielder in a World Cup match – four, against Sri Lanka in the 2003 World Cup at Johannesburg on 10 March 2003.


title: Mohammad Kaif

text: The team management tend to use him in the middle order, though his successes have almost always come playing high up – at number 3 rather on number 7. He was often seen scoring more runs while he got some time to settle on the pitch. His usual position in domestic games and in county cricket has been at number 3. But given the number of players in that mould, such as Dravid, Raina, and Yuvraj, Kaif found it difficult to play at the number 3 spot on a consistent basis. With the arrival of Greg Chappell and Rahul Dravid being appointed captain, the number 3 slot was given to either Irfan Pathan or Mahendra Singh Dhoni to accelerate the scoring rate.


title: Mohammad Kaif

text: In March 2006, he was recalled to the Test team in place of the injured Yuvraj Singh for the First Test against England in Nagpur. Despite top-scoring with a dogged 91 to save the Test match, he was omitted for the following match when Yuvraj had recovered his fitness. But he found a place in the four Tests in the West Indies, after Sachin Tendulkar was injured. He scored 148 not out in the second Test, his maiden Test century.


title: Mohammad Kaif

text: In late 2006, he was dropped from the ODI team and Test squad. In April 2008, he was recalled to the Test squad for the Second Test against South Africa but did not play.


title: Mohammad Kaif

text: His techniques of quick running between the wickets whilst rotating the strike but reducing considerable pressure while chasing without even playing much boundaries as well as his ability to break down the chase being in the middle-order has been observed as an adaptation of a similar approach by Michael Bevan.


title: Mohammad Kaif

text: He was one of the best fielders in the Indian cricket team, along with Yuvraj Singh. Yuvraj would be positioned on point and Kaif in the covers, and it was a tough call for the opposition to score past this pair; the standard of Indian fielding improved significantly when they were on the field. Unfortunately, many times Kaif couldn't be in the "playing 11" as Yuvraj served the purpose of an all-rounder and was a senior player in the team.


title: Mohammad Kaif

text: Kaif represented the victorious Rajasthan Royals in the inaugural edition of the Indian Premier League in 2008. He was bought for US$685,000 as an iconic player. Even though he played in all the matches for the team, he had a poor run in the series, mustering only 176 runs at an average of 16. On 15 April 2009, he was axed by Rajasthan Royals team management, which cited his poor form and cost-cutting for the omission from the squad for the 2009 season.


title: Mohammad Kaif

text: Kaif was bought by Royal Challengers Bangalore to play in 2011 Indian Premier League, in the third round of bidding. He was the only player requested to appear for bidding for the third time. Later in an interview, Subrata Roy of Sahara India stated that he requested a third round of bidding because he thought that Kaif should find a place in an IPL team.


title: Mohammad Kaif

text: In February 2017, Gujarat Lions named Kaif assistant coach of Brad Hodge for 2017 Indian Premier League.


title: Mohammad Kaif

text: He was named the assistant coach for Delhi Capitals for the 2019 Indian Premier League and 2020 Indian Premier League.


title: Mohammad Kaif

text: He joined Indian National Congress and contested 2014 Loksabha election from Phulpur in Uttar Pradesh, and lost to Keshav Prasad Maurya of the BJP.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: The fourth-generation Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2) is a mid-size SUV. It was introduced in 2010 for the 2011 model year by Jeep. The unveiling took place at the 2009 New York Auto Show. The new version was very well received as it garnered 30 awards.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: The new body design represented a 146% increase in torsional rigidity compared to the previous design, which helped to improve durability and reduce noise, vibration, and harshness.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: Like the previous generations, the chassis is a steel unibody. Unlike previous models, the new WK2 features four-wheel independent suspension for better on-road handling. The Grand Cherokee (with the 2011 Durango) WK2 platform uses a derivative related to Mercedes-Benz's series.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: Four-wheel drive systems include Quadra-Trac I, Quadra-Trac II, and Quadra-Drive II. Using Selec-Terrain, the driver can select modes for Auto, Sport, Snow, Sand/Mud, and Rock.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: Optional height adjustable air suspension, which Jeep refers to as "Quadra-Lift", can raise the vehicle's ground clearance up to .


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: Engine choices included the 3.6 L Pentastar V6 or the 5.7 L Hemi V8. The Hemi V8 retained the Multiple Displacement System (MDS) that shuts down four cylinders in low-power driving situations, and the V8 remains coupled with the multi-speed automatic transmission which includes Electronic Range Selection (ERS) to manually limit the high gear operating range. Trailer tow is rated for Hemi models and for Pentastar models.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: The 3.6 L Pentastar V6 replaces the 3.7 L and 4.7 L PowerTech engines. The 5.7 L Hemi engine was retained as the V8 option, although no Hemi badging is used on the exterior of the vehicle. Also, the WK program code remains.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: A 3.0 L turbocharged diesel V6 developed and built by Fiat Powertrain Technologies and VM Motori (with Multijet II injection) rated at and of torque is offered in export markets by mid-2011. On January 14, 2013, at the Detroit Auto Show, Jeep announced that this new EcoDiesel engine will become available in the 2014 Grand Cherokee, together with the new 8HP70 8-speed automatic transmission. The new 3.0 L CRD turbodiesel engine is offered in European markets in a low-power version.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: The SRT Hellcat supercharged V8 was made available for the Grand Cherokee Trackhawk. With , it became the most powerful SUV Chrysler has ever produced.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: Laredo (2014–2020): The Laredo was the base model of the Grand Cherokee until the 2020 model year. There are no additional options or packages available for this trim level.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: Laredo "E" (born 2011): The Laredo "E" was the original base model of the Grand Cherokee. The Laredo "E" included SiriusXM satellite radio and a power driver's seat, which were no longer offered in the base Laredo. This trim level had some options, like 18-inch aluminum-alloy wheels, an 8.4-inch infotainment system, and heated front seats. An Altitude package for the Laredo "E" added black 20-inch wheels and exterior accents, leather seats with microfiber inserts, heated front seats, power rear liftgate, moonroof, and other optional features.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: Upland (2018–2021): The Upland is based on the Laredo E trim level, and used styling elements from the Trailhawk trim level. It included 20-inch black-painted aluminum-alloy wheels, light blue-accented emblems, and light blue stitching on the seats, interior door panels, and center console.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: Laredo "X" (2011–2013, 2020- ): The Laredo "X" was the "step-up" trim level of the Grand Cherokee. It added 18-inch wheels, leather seats, power front seats, a touch-screen infotainment system, a 9-speaker, 506-watt Alpine surround-sound audio system, Bluetooth, heated front and (optional) heated rear seats, remote start, and an (optional) power rear tailgate. Other optional equipment for this trim level included the 5.7 L Hemi MDS/VCT gasoline V8 engine, a dual-pane panoramic moonroof, and GPS navigation.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: Trailhawk (2013, 2017–2021): The Trailhawk is the "off-road" model of the Grand Cherokee, was based on the Laredo "X" in 2013, and returned for 2017 based on the Limited. It adds leather seats with microfiber inserts, 18-inch dark gray wheels, a Selec-Terrain control system with Quadra-Lift air suspension, and Kevlar-belted on/off-road tires.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: Limited (born 2014): The Limited is the "step-up" trim level of the Grand Cherokee, and succeeded the Laredo "X". It offers the same standard equipment as the Laredo "X", but offers additional options such as heated and ventilated front seats, a driver's memory system, Nappa leather seats, and 20-inch wheels. The 5.7 L Hemi MDS/VCT V8 gasoline engine, as well as the 3.0 L EcoDiesel V6 turbocharged diesel engine (starting in 2014), are the other engine options for the Limited.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: Sterling Edition (2018): The Sterling Edition was a trim level of the Grand Cherokee only available for the 2018 model year, celebrating its 25th year of production. While offering the same standard equipment as the Limited model, the Sterling Edition added 20 "Heritage" aluminum-alloy wheels, an 8.4-inch touch screen infotainment system with Apple CarPlay and Android Auto, the same Alpine audio system as the Laredo X, interior color combination options, interior trim, and commemorative exterior badges. A Luxury Group was available for the Sterling Edition that added ventilated front seats, adaptive cruise control, blind-spot detection, rear cross-traffic alert, a panoramic dual-pane sunroof, and other options. The 5.7 L Hemi V8 engine was optional.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: Overland (2011–2021): The Overland is the luxury trim level of the Grand Cherokee, adding to the Limited: Leather-trimmed dashboard and upper door panels, wood-accented steering wheel, Nappa leather seats, a dual-pane panoramic moonroof, GPS navigation, 20-inch wheels, blind-spot monitoring, adaptive cruise control, and other features. The 5.7 L Hemi MDS/VCT V8 gasoline engine, as well as the 3.0 L EcoDiesel V6 turbocharged diesel engine (starting in 2014), are the other engine options for the Overland.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: Overland Summit (2011–2013), Summit (since 2014): The (Overland) Summit is the most luxuriously equipped trim level of the Grand Cherokee, adding the following to the Overland: interior color options, a 19-speaker Harman Kardon surround-sound audio system with 825-watt amplifier (2014–present), 20-inch chromed aluminum-alloy wheels, and other features. In 2017, the Summit added quilted and perforated leather surfaces, aluminum-alloy wheels, and the Summit California Edition package, which replaces some of the chrome exterior accents with color-keyed accents.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: SRT (2012–2021): The SRT was the highest-performance Grand Cherokee available until 2018, when the Trackhawk arrived. The SRT is powered by the 6.4 L Hemi MDS/VCT 392 Cubic Inch V8 engine, and features more exterior and interior styling. Several special edition models, such as the SRT Alpine, Vapor, and Red Vapor Editions, were "limited-run" models that were based on the SRT.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: SRT Trackhawk (2018–2021): The SRT Trackhawk model debuted for 2018, and became the highest-performance model in the Grand Cherokee lineup. While offering the same equipment as the SRT, the SRT Trackhawk swapped the SRT's 6.4 L Hemi V8 engine for the same 707-horsepower 6.2L supercharged HEMI V8 engine that is used in the Dodge Challenger (LA) SRT Hellcat and the Dodge Charger (LD) SRT Hellcat. The SRT Trackhawk is the most powerful Grand Cherokee model to date, following the 1998 Jeep Grand Cherokee (ZJ) 5.9 L Limited, the 2006-2010 Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK) SRT8, and the 2012-2013 Jeep Grand Cherokee SRT8.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: In 2012, Swedish automotive magazine "Teknikens Värld" revealed that the Jeep Grand Cherokee failed one of their avoidance maneuver tests known as the "Moose test". Other SUV models in its class had no issues passing the test. German magazine "Auto, Motor und Sport" (AMS) later tested the same press vehicle in a slightly different avoidance maneuver test that meets ISO (International Organization for Standardization) standards. Unlike the results of the Swedish test, the Jeep remained on all four wheels and did not lose any tires to a blowout. "Teknikens Värld" tested the updated 2014 Jeep Grand Cherokee and found that it passed the test; even up to a speed of .


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: In 2016, approximately 1.1 million 2014–2015 Jeep Grand Cherokees were recalled for rollaway risks because the design of the shifter may cause drivers to have difficulty determining whether or not the vehicle is still in gear. The offending shifter had already been discontinued, with 2016 and up Grand Cherokees using a redesigned unit that functioned more traditionally.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: The issue was linked to 41 injuries, 212 crashes, and 308 reports of property damage and shortly after the recall was announced, actor Anton Yelchin was killed by his Grand Cherokee rolling backward into him after he exited it while it was still in gear. Yelchin's death caused FCA to accelerate the recall campaign and take steps to get the affected Jeeps repaired faster than originally planned. Yelchin's family filed a wrongful death lawsuit against FCA that was settled out of court in 2018.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: On April 20, 2011, Jeep announced that the SRT8 version would be debuted at the 2011 New York Auto Show. It can accelerate from 0–60 mph in 4.7 seconds and can do the quarter-mile in 13.4 seconds. Auto reviews measured this at 4.5 seconds, making the 2014 SRT the fastest Jeep ever produced at the time. The 2013-14 SRT Jeep Grand Cherokee includes a 6.4L Hemi motor producing and , which was the most powerful engine ever included in a Jeep at the time of production.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: The Grand Cherokee SRT8 debuted alongside two other vehicles manufactured by Chrysler Corporation: the Chrysler 300 SRT8 and Dodge Charger SRT8, both of which also took a one-year hiatus while the new models debuted.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: The new Grand Cherokee SRT8, which started production on July 16, 2011, is equipped with a 6.4 L Hemi V8 engine. Jeep claims the new SRT8 gets 13 percent better fuel economy than its predecessor. To improve gas mileage, Jeep has employed a new active exhaust system that lets Chrysler's cylinder-deactivation Fuel Saver Technology operate over a wider rpm band. Chrysler claims that with the larger gas tank, the SUV can now travel up to on a single tank, while other sources estimate the range to be .


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: For the 2013 model year, Jeep introduced the Trailhawk off-road oriented trim. For the Overland Summit trim, Front Park Assist, power-folding side mirrors, and headlight washers became standard equipment and Nappa leather seats became available in black or saddle-colored.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: Jeep also introduced "Alpine" and "Vapor" special edition models of the Grand Cherokee SRT8. Production of each model for the U.S. market was limited to 400 units. The "Alpine" model was painted in Bright White and the "Vapor" model was painted in Brilliant Black. Features of both models include the standard 20-inch wheels in a Black Vapor Chrome finish and a glossy black color for exterior badges, front grille trim, rear light bar, and bumper step pad.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: On January 14, 2013, Jeep unveiled a revised WK2 Grand Cherokee at the North American International Auto Show at Cobo Center, along with a revised 2014 Jeep Compass and Jeep Patriot. The new Grand Cherokee offered a 3.0 L DOHC V6 diesel engine that gets up to 30 MPG, a 3.6 L Pentastar V6 engine that gets up to 24 MPG and has , a 5.7 L Hemi V8 engine that gets up to 21 MPG and has , and the 6.4 L Hemi engine produces (SRT only). The models are the Laredo, the Limited, the Overland, and the Overland Summit Edition model has been renamed Summit. A new front end with a revised body-colored grille, new, smaller headlamps, and new tail lamps round out the exterior changes. The silver bezel on the back was removed. The opening rear tailgate window of previous models has been replaced with fixed glass. There are also new seventeen, eighteen, and twenty-inch wheel and tire choices. The SRT8 model will continue to be offered but as an "SRT" and not an "SRT8" badged model, and for the first time will offer details like blacked-out head and tail lamps. Inside, the Summit model receives the SRT's nineteen-speaker Harman/Kardon surround sound system, all Grand Cherokees receive a new steering wheel with paddle shifters standard in every model, an eight-speed TorqueFlite 8 automatic transmission, and an 8.4-inch touch screen display with Garmin navigation software, an optional CD player, and the U Connect Access System first introduced in the 2013 Ram 1500. A U Connect 5.0 touch-screen radio will also be available with an optional CD player. The Selec-Terrain System receives multiple upgrades on four-wheel-drive Grand Cherokees. New exterior colors, interior fabrics and materials, and interior colors become available.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: For 2014, "SRT8" was no longer a model of Jeep, but a separate corporate entity. The "8" designation was dropped in the "SRT" line for this year, the Grand Cherokee being referred to as a "SRT Jeep Grand Cherokee." The SRT model received many features. For example, in the interior, it received a steering wheel with the SRT insignia, twenty-inch alloy wheels, "performance" tires, and additional SRT-only details including:


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: The 2015 Limited Edition model no longer has dual exhausts. This feature only comes in the Overland and up editions. There are no other major changes for the 2015 model year. However, the Limited, Summit, and Overland trims will include HD Radio as part of the U Connect feature. The SRT receives a modest bump, in part due to a reflash of the PCM.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: At the 2016 New York International Auto Show, Jeep announced new updates for its Grand Cherokee mid-size SUV, which included two new trim levels:


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: The Trailhawk trim level is the "off-road" oriented trim level, which made its initial appearance in 2013, returned for 2017. It includes a Quadra-Drive II four-wheel-drive system along with a Quadra-Lift air suspension system, the Selec-Speed control, and Hill Descent Control. It will offer the same seven-slot front grille that was first offered on the 2016 Grand Cherokee Laredo and Limited 75th Anniversary Edition models, red-painted front-mounted tow hooks, standard eighteen-inch and optional twenty-inch alloy wheels, special off-road tires with Kevlar belts, Neutral Gray-painted exterior accents and badges, optional Mopar side rock rails, a standard U Connect 8.4-inch touch-screen infotainment system, red accent stitching throughout the interior, a 'Trailhawk' emblem on the steering wheel, brushed Piano black interior trim panels, and gunmetal finished interior components.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: The Summit trim level is the "upscale" version of the Grand Cherokee, which was revamped in 2014, and was revamped again for 2017. It offers a restyled front grille with LED front fog lamps and twenty-inch polished alloy wheels. Its features include cross-stitched leather-trimmed interior, Active Noise Cancellation, an acoustic windshield and front side glass, leather-trimmed dashboard and door panel inserts, a nineteen-speaker, 825-watt Harman Kardon surround-sound system, automatically folding power side-view mirrors, a suede-trimmed headliner, a blind-spot monitoring system, lane departure warning, parallel and perpendicular park assist systems, Berber carpeting, and other interior appointments.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: New exterior paint color options include Rhino, Diamond Black Crystal Pearl Coat, Light Brown Stone, True Blue, and Ivory Pearl Coat (availability varies by trim level).


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: All 2017 models received a second facelift that features new alloy wheel designs, reshaped headlights, and a reshaped grille. The new grille and headlights come from the 75th Anniversary Edition models of 2016, however, without the bronze-painted accents. In addition, all models receive a new 'GRAND CHEROKEE' emblem for the front doors.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: The 75th Anniversary Edition models, based on the base Laredo and mid-level Limited, also continue on for 2017.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: Jeep introduced the 2018 Jeep Grand Cherokee SRT Trackhawk at the 2017 New York International Auto Show. The SRT Trackhawk is the highest-performance Grand Cherokee model to date.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: Additional changes to the rest of the 2018 Jeep Grand Cherokee lineup (aside from the SRT Trackhawk model) include:


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: The "upgraded" U Connect 8.4 Infotainment System with GPS Navigation includes all of the existing features of the U Connect 7.0 Infotainment System, but also adds the following features:


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: Both radios include the option to add a single-disc, center console-mounted CD/MP3 player, and some trim levels equipped with the 8.4-inch radio can also be equipped with a rear-seat DVD and Blu-ray entertainment systems with dual screens, HDMI input, and independent CD/MP3/DVD/Blu-ray players, with two pairs of wireless headphones also included in the package. On Limited, Trailhawk, and Sterling Edition models, the Luxury Group is required to have the rear-seat entertainment system option. The option can be selected independently on all other trim levels.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: A six-speaker, non-amplified audio system is standard on Laredo, Laredo "E", Altitude, and Limited models. A nine-speaker, 506-watt Alpine amplified surround-sound audio system is included on Trailhawk, Sterling Edition, Overland, High Altitude, SRT, and SRT Trackhawk models, and is optional on Altitude, Limited, and Summit models. An eighteen-speaker, 825-watt Harman Kardon amplified surround-sound audio system comes standard on the Summit model, and is optional on Overland, SRT, and SRT Trackhawk models.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: Largely unchanged for 2018, the 2019 model year Grand Cherokee receives only a few minor changes. The 25th Anniversary Sterling Edition model is now discontinued, though its aluminum-alloy wheel design is now standard on the Overland trim, and optional on midlevel Limited trim. Laredo, Laredo E, Upland (now available with two-wheel-drive), Altitude, Limited, Trailhawk, Overland, High Altitude, Summit, SRT 392, and SRT Trackhawk models continue for 2019. The 8.4 touchscreen is updated to a high-definition "Dissociated" display for the 2019 model year.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: A new Limited X Package adds SRT-inspired styling cues to the mid-level Limited trim. The Overland and Summit trims gain new aluminum-alloy wheel designs.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: The mid-level Limited trim receives a standard U Connect 4C 8.4 infotainment system with Garmin GPS navigation, which was previously available as an extra-cost option, leaving only the base Laredo, Laredo E, and Upland trims with the base U Connect 4 7.0 infotainment system as standard equipment. In addition, the U Connect 4C 8.4 infotainment system with Garmin GPS navigation receives a new 8.4-inch, high-definition "Dissociated" touchscreen display, which was first introduced on the 2017 Chrysler Pacifica minivan.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: Blind Spot Detection System (BLIS) and Forward Collision Warning System (FCWS), previously extra-cost options available as part of a package on top-level trims of the Grand Cherokee, are now standard equipment on all Grand Cherokee trim levels.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: Three new exterior colors, Green Metallic, Sting Gray, and Slate Blue were offered for 2019. A new interior color scheme, Black and Bridle Brown was also added for the Summit trim level, and both Trailhawk and Overland trims receive new Piano Black interior trim accents.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: Trim levels that continue for 2019 are Laredo, Laredo E, Upland, Altitude, Limited, Trailhawk, Overland, High Altitude, Summit, SRT, and SRT Trackhawk, with Limited X being new for 2019.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: For 2022, Jeep marketed the outgoing Grand Cherokee WK2 alongside the all-new Grand Cherokee WL model as the "Grand Cherokee WK" (not to be confused with the Grand Cherokee (WK), which was produced from 2005 until 2010). The lineup is condensed to base Laredo "E", mid-level Laredo "X", and range-topping Limited trims, with the only the 3.6 L Pentastar V6 gasoline engine. However, in addition to the Stellantis-produced (but ZF derived) 850RE 8-speed automatic transmission, the ZF-produced 8HP75 8-speed automatic transmission, built in Germany and previously only available with the 5.7 L HEMI V8 gasoline engine, will also be offered as at no additional cost on all models.


title: Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)

text: In 2009, the company announced a US$1.8 billion, expansion of its Jefferson North Assembly plant in Detroit to allow flexible manufacture of the next-generation model, as well as the 2011+ Dodge Durango off the same platform that was developed jointly with Mercedes (ML Chassis).


title: Happy Planet Index

text: The Happy Planet Index (HPI) is an index of human well-being and environmental impact that was introduced by the New Economics Foundation in 2006. Each country's HPI value is a function of its average subjective life satisfaction, life expectancy at birth, and ecological footprint per capita. The exact function is a little more complex, but conceptually it approximates multiplying life satisfaction and life expectancy and dividing that by the ecological footprint. The index is weighted to give progressively higher scores to nations with lower ecological footprints.


title: Happy Planet Index

text: The index is designed to challenge well-established indices of countries’ development, such as the gross domestic product (GDP) and the Human Development Index (HDI), which are seen as not taking sustainability into account. In particular, GDP is seen as inappropriate, as the usual ultimate aim of most people is not to be rich, but to be happy and healthy. Furthermore, it is believed that the notion of sustainable development requires a measure of the environmental costs of pursuing those goals.


title: Happy Planet Index

text: Out of the 178 countries surveyed in 2006, the best scoring countries were Vanuatu, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, and Panama. In 2009, Costa Rica was the best scoring country among the 143 analyzed, followed by the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Guatemala and Vietnam. Tanzania, Botswana and Zimbabwe were featured at the bottom of the list.


title: Happy Planet Index

text: For the 2012 ranking, 151 countries were compared, and the best scoring country for the second time in a row was Costa Rica, followed by Vietnam, Colombia, Belize and El Salvador. The lowest ranking countries in 2012 were Botswana, Chad and Qatar. In 2016, out of 140 countries, Costa Rica topped the index for the third time in a row. It was followed by Mexico, Colombia, Vanuatu and Vietnam. At the bottom were Chad, Luxembourg and Togo.


title: Happy Planet Index

text: The HPI is based on general utilitarian principles that most people want to live long and fulfilling lives, and the country which is doing the best is the one that allows its citizens to do so, whilst avoiding infringing on the opportunity of future people and people in other countries to do the same. In effect it operationalises the IUCN's (World Conservation Union) call for a metric capable of measuring 'the production of human well-being (not necessarily material goods) per unit of extraction of or imposition upon nature'. The IUCN is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and the sustainable use of natural resources. And everything else remains the same. It measures what matters, a sustainable well-being for all.


title: Happy Planet Index

text: Human well-being is conceptualized as happy life expectancy. Extraction of or imposition upon nature is evaluated by using the ecological footprint per capita, which attempts to estimate the number of natural resources required to sustain a given country's lifestyle. A country with a large per capita ecological footprint uses more than its fair share of resources, both by drawing resources from other countries and also by causing permanent damage to the planet which will affect future generations.


title: Happy Planet Index

text: As such, the HPI is "not" a measure of which are the happiest countries in the world. Countries with relatively high levels of life satisfaction, as measured in surveys, are found from the very top (Colombia in 3rd place) to the very bottom (the US in 108th place) of the rank order. The HPI is best conceived as a measure of the "environmental efficiency of supporting well-being" in a given country. Such efficiency could emerge in a country with a medium environmental impact (e.g. Costa Rica) and very high well-being, but it could also emerge in a country with only mediocre well-being, but very minimal environmental impact (e.g. Vietnam).


title: Happy Planet Index

text: Much criticism of the index has been due to commentators incorrectly understanding it to be a measure of personal happiness, when it is in fact a measure of the "happiness" of the planet. In other words, it is a measure of the "ecological efficiency" at supporting well-being. Further more the Happy Planet Index was criticized because the used data is not comprehensive enough. In the HPI Report of 2006 (by nef) they emphasized that they "“were forced to estimate data on Footprint and life satisfaction for several countries”". Furthermore, they added that "“there are obvious problems with the data from some countries, especially when it is collected and distributed by the country’s government.”"


title: Happy Planet Index

text: The index has been criticized for weighting the carbon footprint too heavily, to the point that the US would have had to be universally happy and would have had to have a life expectancy of 439 years to equal Vanuatu's score in the 2006 index.


title: Happy Planet Index

text: Nevertheless, the HPI and its components have been considered in political circles. The ecological footprint, championed by the WWF, is widely used by both local and national governments, as well as supranational organizations such as the European Commission. The HPI itself was cited in 2007, in the British Conservative Party as a possible substitute for GDP. A 2007 review of progress indicators produced by the European Parliament lists the following pros and cons to using the HPI as a measure of national progress:


title: Happy Planet Index

text: For the 2012 ranking, 151 countries were compared and nine out of the ten top countries were located in the Caribbean Basin, despite high levels of poverty. The ranking was led by Costa Rica for the second time in a row, with its lead considered to be due to its very high life expectancy which is second highest in the Americas, and higher than the US. Citizens of Costa Rica were found to experience well-being higher than many richer nations and the country had a per capita footprint one third the size of the US. The second happiest country was Vietnam. Among the top 40 countries by overall HPI score, only four countries have a GDP per capita of over . The highest ranking OECD country is Israel in 15th place, and the top Western European nation is Norway in 29th place, just behind New Zealand in 28th. Among the top five world's biggest economies in terms of GDP, Japan has the highest ranking in 45th place, followed by Germany in 46th, France is placed 50th, China 60, and the US is ranked 105, mainly due to its very high environmental footprint, the seventh highest of all countries rated for the 2012 index.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: Jimmy Olsen is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Olsen is most often portrayed as a young photojournalist working for the "Daily Planet". He is close friends with Lois Lane and Clark Kent, and has a good working relationship with his boss Perry White. Olsen looks up to his coworkers as role models and parent figures. From 1954 to 1982, Olsen appeared in 222 issues of the comic series "Superman's Pal Jimmy Olsen" and "Superman Family", in addition to the main Superman titles.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: The character has appeared in most other media adaptations of Superman. He was portrayed by Tommy Bond in the two Superman film serials, "Superman" (1948) and "Atom Man vs. Superman" (1950). Jack Larson played the character on the "Adventures of Superman" television show; Marc McClure in the "Superman" films of the 1970s and 1980s, as well as the 1984 film "Supergirl"; Michael Landes in the first season of "" and Justin Whalin in the subsequent three seasons; Sam Huntington in the 2006 film "Superman Returns"; Aaron Ashmore in The CW's "Smallville"; and Michael Cassidy in the 2016 DC Extended Universe film "". In the Arrowverse series "Supergirl", he was portrayed by Mehcad Brooks.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: An unnamed "office boy" with a bow tie appeared in the story "Superman's Phony Manager," published in "Action Comics" No. 6 (November 1938); it was retroactively considered to be Jimmy Olsen's first appearance. The character was first introduced as Jimmy Olsen by producer Bob Maxwell on "The Adventures of Superman" radio show on April 15, 1940. After eight early unnamed appearances in comics, Olsen first appeared as a named character in a story by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster titled "Superman versus The Archer" in "Superman" No. 13 (November–December 1941). He occasionally appeared as an office boy in Action Comics, Superman, and "World's Finest Comics" throughout the next decade, and he made a notable appearance as the manager of a community baseball team in the 1946 radio serial Clan of the Fiery Cross. The first long story featuring the character, "King Jimmy Olsen," ran in the daily Superman newspaper strips from July 20-October 28, 1944.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: Following Jack Larson's portrayal on The Adventures of Superman TV series, Olsen was promoted from office boy to "cub reporter" beginning in Superman #86. Later in 1954, Olsen received his own series, "Superman's Pal Jimmy Olsen". The first issue introduced the Signal Watch, a high-frequency supersonic device that allowed Jimmy to contact Superman in case of emergency. Lucy Lane debuted as Jimmy's off-again, on-again love interest in issue #36. Jimmy and Lucy were occasionally married in "imaginary stories" such as """The Wedding of Jimmy Olsen" (issue #38) and "The Amazing Story of Superman Red and Superman Blue!"


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: Early adventures saw Olsen in a variety of slapstick adventures and strange transformations, such as Jimmy transforming into the giant "Turtle Boy" in issue #53. The stories in the title often featured particularly outlandish situations, ranging from Jimmy being hurled back in time to Krypton before its destruction in issue No. 36 to dealing frequently with gorillas of all sorts. During this period, Jimmy Olsen lived a glamorous life as "Superman's Pal" and even had his own (in-story) fan club. Beginning in 1958, Olsen gained the ability to temporarily transform into the superhero Elastic Lad by drinking a serum. As Elastic Lad, he was an honorary member of the Legion of Super-Heroes. When traveling to the Bottle City of Kandor, Superman and Jimmy donned the secret identities of Nightwing and Flamebird, respectively. He was promoted by editor Perry White to the status of "full-fledged reporter" in issue #124 (October 1969.)


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: "Superman's Pal Jimmy Olsen" was a best-seller throughout the 1960s; at its peak it was the #4 best-selling comic book with an estimated 520,000 copies sold each month. Reprints from the magazine were also featured in 80-Page Giant #2 and #13 (1964–65).


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: Jack Kirby's Fourth World storyline began in Jimmy Olsen comics in 1970, with issue No. 134. Kirby began by introducing a secret "D.N.A. Project" to create Mutated Humans for Good, adding "the Hairies" (a group of technology-equipped hippies), superbeings from other planets (proto-New Gods), Intergang, Darkseid, and the WGBS media executive Morgan Edge. Kirby also used the series as a vehicle to reintroduce Golden Age characters that he previously created at DC Comics, such as Guardian and the Newsboy Legion. Before the end of his run, Kirby wrote stories involving vampires, the Loch Ness Monster, and Victor Volcanum, a fire-eating archcriminal. A two-part story featured the comedian Don Rickles. Kirby left the series following issue #148.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: With issue No. 164 (April–May 1974) the series was renamed "The Superman Family". An anthology title that incorporated the recently cancelled series Supergirl (Volume 1) and Superman's Girl Friend, Lois Lane, "Superman Family" initially featured one new story about Jimmy Olsen, Lois Lane, or Supergirl, with the featured character in each issue narrating reprints of the other characters' stories. By the second series, Jimmy Olsen became an investigative reporter for WGBS-TV nicknamed "Mr. Action," featuring in urban crime stories that less frequently involved Superman. Olsen appeared in new stories in "The Superman Family" No. 164, 167, 170, 173, 176, 179, and 182–222. A number of Superman writers including Leo Dorfman and Cary Bates contributed scripts for the stories, and they were most often pencilled by Kurt Schaffenberger. The series ended with issue #222 (September 1982). Afterwards, Jimmy Olsen continued to appear in issues of "Superman, Action Comics, World's Finest Comics," and DC Comics Presents, where a 29th-century descendant of Olsen became Superwoman.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: Following "Crisis on Infinite Earths", Jimmy's prior history as a character was erased. Despite recent modernization efforts on Superman and his supporting characters, Jimmy Olsen has not been significantly changed in the Modern Age. He is still a cub reporter working for "The Daily Planet", and is still friends with Superman. His look was made over as he stopped wearing bowties, and started wearing casual clothing (though this trend started in 1970s comics). An interesting alteration to the relationship was that Jimmy designed the signal watch himself, leading to his first meeting with Superman. Superman briefly considered confiscating the watch, but decided to trust Jimmy to use it responsibly.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: While Jimmy's transformations no longer occur as regularly as they did in the Silver Age, Jimmy once became a type of "Elastic Lad" on contact with the Eradicator; this transformation, however, was extremely painful for Jimmy and has not appeared since. He also took the identity of "Turtle Boy" in a series of pizza commercials, made when he was temporarily laid off from the "Planet".


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: In the 1990s, Jimmy quit the "Planet" in a dispute over a story and went to Metropolis broadcaster Galaxy Broadcasting, where he worked as an on-air investigative reporter. This change matured Jimmy somewhat, but he became more ambitious, as well as more brash and arrogant. He still stayed on good terms with both Clark and Lois, to the point where Jimmy was best man at their wedding. This period ended when he believed (wrongly) that he had discovered Superman's secret identity and said he would announce it live on air. He reconsidered his actions, but lost his job for wasting the timeslot. He was again rehired by the "Planet".


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: Jimmy later came under the angry hand of the Alpha Centurion, an alternate universe dictator with a deep-seated hatred for Superman and eyes for Lois Lane. It was Jimmy who first uncovered his secret plot to control the world's finances through his company Aelius Industries, Inc.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: Olsen is a central character in the twelve-part miniseries "Superman: Metropolis" (beginning June 2003). Written by Chuck Austen and illustrated by Danijel Zezelj, the series focuses on the futuristic technology unleashed in Metropolis by Brainiac in a previous storyline and how it affects the everyday lives of Metropolis citizens.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: Jimmy takes a position as a regular star reporter for "The Daily Planet", replacing the recently demoted Clark Kent. This caused a strain at the " Planet".


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: Jimmy's story in the 2007–08 weekly series "Countdown to Final Crisis" begins with an investigation into the death of Duela Dent. Tying into the "Death of the New Gods" storyline, Jimmy starts to develop many superpowers, which he first discovers when he is attacked by Killer Croc while gathering information on Duela's death. As the story progresses he tries to uncover the origin of these powers and starts to discover their potential limitlessness in stories which mimic the Silver Age "Superman's Pal Jimmy Olsen" adventures. Briefly operating as the superhero Mr. Action, Jimmy is unable to command the respect of established superheroes in the Justice League and Teen Titans. He gives up on this particular avenue. One of these powers allows Jimmy to realize the identities of some superheroes, such as Robin and Superman, who requests that he take care of Krypto.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: Jimmy is eventually tracked down by the New God Forager, with whom he begins a romantic relationship. Forager informs him that Jimmy has become a soulcatcher for the spirits of dying New Gods. The Monitor known as Solomon later tells him that his new powers are the consequence of Darkseid using Jimmy as a host for powers he wishes to use to recreate the universe in his image, knowing that "Superman's pal" is one of the world's most well-protected citizens. Later, as the events of "Countdown" begin to come to their close, Jimmy becomes a more confidently powerful character and is reunited with the series' other cast members on a mission to stop Karate Kid's disease from becoming a pandemic of apocalyptic proportions. Unfortunately, they fail, and the Morticoccus virus devastates an alternate Earth. Upon return to their Earth, Jimmy is captured by Mary Marvel, who had been manipulated towards evil by Darkseid. When Superman comes to save Jimmy, Darkseid takes control of the powers within him, causing Jimmy to radiate Kryptonite radiation, until Ray Palmer manages to rewire Darkseid's control from inside of Jimmy. Jimmy then transforms into a giant turtle-like creature, and prepares to take on Darkseid himself. Darkseid overcomes Jimmy, and prepares to kill him. Ray Palmer then comes out of Jimmy with the New God soul battery, and destroys it, returning Jimmy to normal.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: During Superman's fight with Atlas, Jimmy witnesses a hovering over the fight. After some encouraging words from Clark Kent, he decides to take two weeks off to investigate.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: He tracks down a figure connected with the past of and is told the story of how Jonathan became Codename: Assassin. His informant is quickly executed by Codename: Assassin who then tries to kill Jimmy. Jimmy is able to avoid being killed and is apparently shielded from Codename: Assassin's telepathy due to his own many physical transformations over the years.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: Jimmy goes to Project Cadmus and speaks to Dubbilex, who tells him the story about the death of the original Guardian at the hands of Codename: Assassin and how cloning is such an imperfect science that the only viable clone alive went into hiding in the desert. Dubbilex then dies from injuries sustained in an earlier conflict with Codename: Assassin. Jimmy heads south to the town of Warpath, AZ, managing to avoid conflict with Codename: Assassin on the way.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: Upon arriving in Warpath, Jimmy interviews the sheriff, Greg Saunders, who evades his questions. Jimmy follows him after dark and sees Saunders working with the last Guardian clone. He then confronts the clone at his home and the two speak.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: With his two weeks up, Jimmy returns to Metropolis horrified from learning that a faction within the U.S. military is actively plotting to kill Superman.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: Willing to do anything to uncover the conspiracy behind Project 7734, Jimmy uses an anonymous chat server and gets in contact with Erik/Amazing Woman from Infinity Inc., who claims to have informations useful to help Jimmy. Despite being actively pursued by Codename: Assassin, who goes so far to place bugs in his house, Jimmy goes to the appointment, only to find Erik's house burned to the ground.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: Jimmy pulls Erik out, who with his dying breath, shifts to his more reliable and powerful Erika form. Erik gives him Natasha Irons' number. Natasha contacts then Jimmy, telling him about the plans of General Sam Lane, his outworldly fortress and his capture, and use of a "Planet Breaker" weapon of Captain Atom, now codenamed "Project Breach" (due to his similarity to Tim Zanetti's fate).


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: Finally ready to uncover the truth, Jimmy is openly confronted by Codename: Assassin, who until that point had merely followed him closely. Jimmy uses his signal watch to call Mon-El. Jimmy is shot twice in the chest by Codename: Assassin, and sinks into the ocean. Despite surviving his assassination attempt, Jimmy decides to fake his death, having his documents planted on a heavily disfigured corpse. With no one knowing about his survival, Jimmy moves into the old Pemberton Camera Factory, sharing the results of his now-unhindered investigations with Perry and Mon-El.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: DC Comics has reported in solicits that Nick Spencer and R.B. Silva will be producing a monthly 10-page backup feature in "Action Comics" chronicling the adventures of Jimmy Olsen in Metropolis. Reported story topics include an alien civilization choosing Metropolis as the base of a major cultural celebration, and the introduction of Chloe Sullivan (from the "Smallville" television series) to the DCU proper. In the latest arc, he goes on a charity date with a girl named Maggie, only to discover that she somehow has ties to Mr. Mxyzptlk, and that she wants to marry him.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: Beginning with a cover date of September 2019, DC Comics published a 12-part comedic miniseries that restored some elements of the 1954 series to the main DC Comics timeline. Jimmy was once again shown as Turtle Boy and Elastic Lad, and his antics, glamorous lifestyle as Superman's pal, and strange transformations were depicted as a source of streaming-media ad revenue that was keeping the Daily Planet afloat. The series explored Jimmy's siblings Janie and Julian, his family's historic relations with the Luthor family, a plot involving the attempted murder and faked death of Olsen, and a marriage in Gorilla City that Jimmy subsequently forgot to annul. The series poked fun at DC Comics' own history, including a sequence in which Jimmy angered Batman by suggesting a phone-in campaign to decide whether Robin lived or died. By the end of the series, Jimmy received a new Signal Watch and became the publisher of the Daily Planet.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: The series was written by Matt Fraction, drawn by Steve Lieber, colored by Nathan Fairbairn, and lettered by Clayton Cowles. A collected edition titled "Superman's Pal Jimmy Olsen: Who Killed Jimmy Olsen?" was published in September 2020, and it received an "honorable mention" in Publishers Weekly's year-end critics poll.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: Jimmy possesses a watch which emits a high-pitched signal only Superman can hear. In a 2010 story, he claimed it stopped working some time in the past, never worked particularly well in the first place, and contacted Superman through Morse code now, anyway, but still wore it for show.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: Mostly during the Silver Age of Comic Books, Jimmy would find himself temporarily transformed, for better or worse, or undergo a disguise for various purposes. The variety of transformations Jimmy received during the Silver Age is often homaged or parodied in later comics and adaptations featuring the character – for instance, in "", Jimmy cites three of these transformations as his motivations behind backing Luthor's bill to outlaw metahumans and in "Countdown", Jimmy is used as a spirit container for the deceased New Gods, causing him to exhibit strange powers, albeit uncontrollably, with other stories simply making passing references.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: "" is set in an alternate reality in which a nail punctures a tire on the Kents' car, preventing them from finding the spaceship containing a baby Kal-El; subsequently, Kal-El never becomes Superman. Jimmy Olsen, an aide to Metropolis Mayor Lex Luthor, is revealed to be the primary villain. Having discovered Superman's spaceship and using DNA samples to create numerous Bizarro clones, Luthor grafts Kryptonian DNA onto subjects who either die instantly or mutate before death, except Olsen. The graft gives Olsen superpowers, but also drives him insane, mentally transforming him into a Kryptonian determined to replace human life with Kryptonian life. Olsen plays up the public's fear of superheroes via propaganda, encouraging the popular view of them as alien invaders rather than the enhanced humans of the Justice Society, hoping to have them imprisoned so he can use their DNA as well in an attempt to create a stable template to create other new Kryptonians.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: When his secret identity is revealed, he engages in a fight with the Justice League that spills into the local countryside. An Amish farmer attempts to stop Olsen but is blasted by his heat vision—which reveals that the farmer is the (now adult) Kal-El. In this reality, an Amish couple had raised Kal-El as a pacifist encouraged to ignore worldly affairs so that he could walk in righteousness. Olsen asks Kal-El to join him, claiming that they are virtually brothers with the same DNA. When Kal-El refuses, Olsen kills Kal-El's foster parents. During the subsequent battle, Jimmy's body rejects the Kryptonian DNA, causing him to disintegrate. His last words to Kal-El are: "We should have been friends". The Justice League asks Kal-El to join them, recognising that his DNA had just been a contributing factor to a chain of events that had driven Jimmy insane rather than bringing out something that was not there before.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: In Frank Miller's 1986 graphic novel "The Dark Knight Returns", an older Jimmy Olsen (James, as he is now called) is featured as the writer of "Truth to Power", a "Daily Planet" article that recalls the age of heroes. In the 2001 sequel "", Olsen appears on various TV shows, where he attempts to reveal that the current President is a holographic projection. His attempts to publicize the truth are halted by Lex Luthor as Metropolis is destroyed (killing hundreds, including Jimmy, Lois, and Perry) by BrainIAC.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: A young Jimmy Olsen makes an appearance in "All Star Batman & Robin, the Boy Wonder" No. 6. He helps Vicki Vale, whom he appears to be attracted to, escape from a hospital and giving her files on Batman and the Flying Graysons. This incarnation is described as a cub reporter for the "Gotham Gazette" as opposed to his regular position at the "Daily Planet" and as 'Superman's pal'.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: In "", written by Mark Millar, Jimmy is depicted as an agent of the CIA, eventually becoming the director. He joins Dr. Lex Luthor in his presidential bid and becomes Vice President.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: In "Superman: Kal", Jamie Olsen of the Middle Ages is an early alchemist, working with blacksmith's apprentice Kal to forge a suit of armor for Baron Luthor using metal acquired from a 'silver egg' that fell from the sky years ago. Kal is killed in his final effort to slay Luthor. In the epilogue, Olsen tells his apprentice Merlin of his friendship with Kal, noting that Kal's last action was to hide away his indestructible sword until it would be needed.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: In the alternate timeline created by Joker, Jimmy serves in Joker's imperial court as "Gravedigger Lad", a cheerful and happy-go-lucky young man of clearly limited intelligence, armed with an overlarge shovel (to dig graves). He humorously says, at one point, "I'm happy to be here ... I'm happy to be anywhere." He also attempts to invoke the powers of Shazam at one point, but this fails.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: In Grant Morrison and Frank Quitely's "All-Star Superman" series, Jimmy is a successful reporter for the "Daily Planet". He has a regular column in which he takes on unusual jobs for a day. Issue No. 4 of the series focuses on Jimmy and his adventures as the one-day director of the DNA P.R.O.J.E.C.T., a reference to the Jack Kirby-era "Jimmy Olsen" series. After Superman is temporarily turned evil by black kryptonite, Jimmy saves him by injecting himself with a drug that briefly turns him into a version of Doomsday. In the final issue, Jimmy manages to stop Lex Luthor's deranged niece from destroying Metropolis by giving her the one thing she really wants: free publicity.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: In the alternate timeline of the "Flashpoint" event, Jimmy Olsen is an agent of Cyborg sent to spy on the Amazons.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: He is with Lois Lane reporting on a fashion show in Montmartre when the Atlanteans flooded Europe. Jimmy is one of the thousands to perish in Western Europe. He tries to save an old man; Lois survives by getting into a church steeple. Jimmy's place at the Resistance was then taken by Lois, after she got his camera, revealed to be a communications device that can transform into different forms for concealment.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: In the limited series "", Jimmy Olsen is captured (alongside Lois Lane and Perry White) at the "Daily Planet" by Brainiac but is saved by Superman, with Lex Luthor in possession of the canister containing them. Later, Jimmy becomes one of the people who have gained metahuman abilities from Braniac's Exobytes, transforming his body into a large being with reptile-like skin.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: Taking place decades after Jimmy's final appearance in "Justice League Unlimited", the "Superman Beyond" one-shot features an elderly version of the character. It is revealed that Jimmy purchased the "Daily Planet" after Perry White's death, and he runs a successful media empire.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: Jimmy appears in the comic book prequel to "". He is killed by the Joker while on a stakeout with Lois Lane, who is subsequently kidnapped by the Joker.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: Jimmy Olsen is a hyper-intelligent knowledge-assimilator known as Accountable in the "Earth 2" series.


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: On the "Adventures of Superman" television series (starring George Reeves), Jimmy Olsen was portrayed by Jack Larson, who appeared as the cub reporter from 1952 to 1958. Largely because of the popularity of Larson and his portrayal of the character, National Comics Publications (DC Comics) decided in 1954 to create "Superman's Pal Jimmy Olsen", a regular title featuring Jimmy as the leading character. Decades later in 1996, Larson portrayed an unnaturally aged Jimmy Olsen in an episode of "".


title: Jimmy Olsen

text: On the television series "", Jimmy Olsen was portrayed by Michael Landes in the first season and Justin Whalin for the rest of the series' run. The reason cited behind the change is that Landes looked too much like Dean Cain as well as to emphasize Jimmy's youth. Landes played Olsen as a cocksure, sarcastic Generation X character, who often seemed like he was very sure of himself although usually, the opposite was true. Whalin gave a portrayal closer to previous incarnations of the character, playing Jimmy as a lovably naive rookie. When Whalin took over the role, more emphasis was placed on Jimmy's love-life and he would frequently seek out Lois, Clark and Perry's advice on these matters. Whalin's Olsen was described as being a computer whiz and these talents often came in useful to Lois and Clark/Superman, particularly in the episode 'Virtually Destroyed' where Jimmy's computing abilities come in handy as Lois and Superman battle a villain inside of a virtual reality simulator. Jimmy's home life and background is described in some detail throughout the course of the show. Although we never see her, some references are made to Jimmy's mother who is described as being overweight and having allergies. Jimmy's father Jack Olsen is a James Bond-like secret agent for the fictional National Intelligence Agency (N.I.A.) and the episode 'The Dad who Came in from the Cold' is entirely devoted to this character.