title: Shakib Khan

text: In the beginning of the following year, he starred in romantic drama film "Devdas", which is based on the famous novel Devdas, written by the untouchable novelist Sharat Chandra Chattopadhyay. The film is set in the early 1900s and follows Khan as Devdas Mukherjee, a wealthy law graduate who returns from Calcutta after 13 years to marry his childhood sweetheart, Paro, played by Apu Biswas. However, the rejection of this marriage by his own family sparks his descent into alcoholism, ultimately leading to his emotional deterioration and him seeking refuge with a courtesan, Chandramukhi, played by Moushumi. The film directed by veteran director Chashi Nazrul Islam and remade of the same director's film "Devdas" in 1982. It received positive response from critics and a good opening at the box office, and won several awards in 38th National Film Awards and nominated one category in 16th Meril-Prothom Alo Awards. Then Purnima played opposite him in "Judge Barrister Police Commissioner" directed by FI Manik. After 35 years the three Bangladeshi popular stars Razzak, Sohel Rana and Alamgir played with together in the film. It is also becoming success at the box office and praised by the critics. He also played titular role in "Nishpap Munna", directed by Badiul Alam Khokon. The film was received mixed reviews and earn huge success in box office. Then he work with same director's romantic action film "My Name Is Khan" opposite Apu Biswas. The film also received mixed reviews from critics. Despite this, the film become commercially success at the box office and becoming one of the highest-grossing film of 2013 in Bangladesh. In the same year, Mahiya Mahi starring opposite him in the film "Bhalobasha Aaj Kal" directed by PA Kajal. It was the first collaboration between Khan and Jaaz Multimedia and between Khan and Mahiya Mahi. The film received mostly positive reviews from critics and declared as a superhit at the box office, and was also highest-grossing film of Jaaz Multimedia production until "Shikari" (2016) released. In mid of the year, he starred in "Dhaka to Bombay" directed by Uttam Akash. The film released to negative reviews and failed at the box office. In the end of the year, he starred in romantic action film "Purno Doirgho Prem Kahini" directed by Shafi Uddin Shafi, Jaya Ahsan and Arifin Shuvoo performed opposite him. He sung a song for the second time in the film as a playback singer titled "O Priyo Ami Tumar Hote Chai". The film opened to major critical success and earned numerous accolades. It received six Meril Prothom Alo Awards nominations, with Khan winning Best Actor for his portrait as Joy Shikder and Ahsan winning Best Actress. The film had the longest theatrical run in 2013, completing over 100 days at the box office. The film was a blockbuster at the box office and becoming one of the highest-grossing film of 2013. After the film's commercially success, a sequel titled "Purno Doirgho Prem Kahini 2" released in 2016. He starred in Malek Afsari's 22nd project crime thriller "Full and Final" as IPS Romeo opposite Bobby Hoque, collaboration between first time. The film well performed at the box office and become super hit and received mixed reviews from critics. Zia Nazmul Islam of "The Daily Star" claimed that, "Shakib Khan plays his role with his usual Shakib-style. He couldn't bring anything new to the table." He also noted, "Considering all factors, "Full and Final" is made to benefit from Shakib Khan's popularity and Bobby's attractiveness." He also starred in an ensemble cast venture Rakibul Islam Rakib's romantic drama "Premik Number One". The film released to positive reviews and performed well at the box office. Adnan Ahmed wrote in "The Daily Star" that, "Once again we see Shakib Khan donning the charming lover boy character, he has made the genre his own".


title: Shakib Khan

text: In the beginning of 2014, he starred in Iftekhar Chowdhury’s "Rajotto", opposite Bobby Hoque. It was the first collaboration between Khan and Iftekhar Chowdhury. The film turned out be hit and received critically positive reviews and his performance was highly praised by the critics. Syed Nazmus Sakib of "Bangla Movie Database" claimed that "He has dragged the whole film alone." He also noted, "There are so many flaws and deviations in the whole film - it can be forgiven only because of the performance of one person - he is Shakib Khan." He performed in Badiul Alam Khokon's "Daring Lover" as Raja. The film remade of 2006 Boopathy Pandian's comedy-drama film "Thiruvilaiyaadal Aarambam". The film received massive response and is said to contribute to record breaking sales in some renowned theaters. Then he founded his own production company SK Films and produced the film of "" directed by Badiul Alam Khokon under the banner of his company, where he played dual roles and Apu Biswas, Bobby, Bobita and Nuton played with him. The film was released in 120 theatres on the occasion of Eid al-Fitr, which was a record number at the time. It achieved huge commercial success at the box office. The film received positive reviews from critics and his performance also praised by the critics. Abdullah Al Amin (Rubel) of "The Daily Star" noted that "Shakib Khan has done yet another great job in upholding his character in the movie. Hero the Superstar is all about the Hero himself, Shakib khan. He portrayed both characters perfectly. For the film he was won the Meril Prothom Alo Awards for Best Actor in 2015. He starred in Wajed Ali Sumon's project "Hitman". The film received mixed reviews and face various criticism. Other films he starred in were "Faand - The Trap" directed by Shafi Uddin Shafi, "Shera Nayok" directed by Wakil Ahmed, "Kothin Protishod" directed by Nazrul Islam Khan, and "Bhalobasha Express" directed by Shafi Uddin Shafi. He also played a guest role in "Ek Cup Cha" produced by actor Ferdous Ahmed and "Dobir Saheber Songsar" directed by Zakir Hossain Raju.


title: Shakib Khan

text: In 2015, he starred in Sohail Arman's first project romantic war-based drama film "This Is Love: Eito Prem" opposite Afsana Ara Bindu for the first time. The film performed well in box office and received mixed reviews from critics. He was nominated in the Meril Prothom Alo Awards for Best Actor in 2016. He starred in "Aro Bhalobashbo Tomay" directed by SA Haque Alik opposite Pori Moni and won the National Film Awards for Best Actor for the third time in his career for his role in the film as himself. It received positive reviews from critics, and considering its budget the film had commercial success at the box office. His next project FI Manik's "Dui Prithibi" was released before Eid al-Fitr of this year. In Eid al-Fitr of the year, he starred in Shahin Sumon's project "Love Marriage". The film open to a good at box office and received positive reviews from and his performance, especially his Dakaiya accent is highly praised by the critics. Mohaiminul Islam of "The Daily Star" noted that, "The movie is a solid source of entertainment with Shakib Khan adorned in “traditional” white Punjabi, lungi and his flawless Dhakaiya accent. His talent as an actor shines through, despite the absurdity of some sequences like using a helicopter to travel to Shyamoli from Old Dhaka." Tanvir Tareq also noted on "The Daily Ittefaq" "Especially after the entry of Shakib Khan, the way in which he has been performing impeccably in pure Dhaka accent, his performance is to be commended." His next project romantic action film "" directed by Badiul Alam Khokon was released in Eid al-Adha. Where he played as titular role opposite Apu Biswas and Bobby. The film was released in more than 152 theaters, which was a record number for any Bangladeshi film at that time. The film was successful at the box office and has received critical acclaimed.


title: Shakib Khan

text: At the beginning of 2016, "Raja 420" directed by Uttam Akash released starring by him. He played titular role in this comedy film, where Apu Biswas and Ravina Brishti have played opposite him. Then in April, he starred in "পূর্ণদৈর্ঘ্য প্রেম কাহিনী (Full-length Love Story 2)" directed by Shafi Uddin Shafi, whice is the sequel of 2013's film "পূর্ণদৈর্ঘ্য প্রেম কাহিনী (Full-length Love Story)", where Khan played as a cricketer for the first time in his acting career. Mamnun Hasan Emon, Jaya Ahsan and Moushumi Hamid has played with him in the film, which is based on the conflict of two cricketers. The film received positive reviews from critics, and also commercially success at the box office, which was declared as a super hit at the box office. It is one of the highest grossing Bangladeshi films of the year in 2016. On the same year in Eid al-Fitr "শিকারি (The Hunter)", "Mental" and "" released by him. The joint production "শিকারি (The Hunter)" directed by Bangladeshi Jakir Hossain Shimanto and Indian Joydip Mukherjee. He was praised with the first pairing of the film with Tollywood actress Srabanti Chatterjee, also seen with him actors like Sabyasachi Chakraborty, Rahul Dev and Kharaj Mukherjee. His new look in the film garnered praise from the audience and critics. It was declared as a blockbuster at the box office, and become the highest-grossing Bengali film of 2016. He won the Meril Prothom Alo Awards and the Tele Cine Awards for Best Actor through starring by film. The film also won the Kalakar Awards for Best Film and Best Actress, and nominated in a category at the Filmfare Awards East. His next project is psychological thriller film "Mental" directed by Shamim Ahamed Roni starring Nusrat Imrose Tisha first time opposite him, Achol and Sabrina Porshi also seen with his. It's story is loosely inspired from the Christopher Nolan's film "Memento". Although the film is criticised for various reasons. The film was later dubbed in Hindi, which was unveiled on the Bongo India YouTube channel in mid-August 2021. His next project was crime thriller film "" directed by Mohammad Mostafa Kamal Raz, he played titular role as the leader of a Bangladeshi organised crime syndicate operating from Malaysia, where he played with Apu Biswas, Misha Sawdagor and Indian actor Indraneil Sengupta. On the same year in Eid al-Adha, he starred in two films. One of which is Shamim Ahamed Roni's action film "Bossgiri" opposite Shabnom Bubly, which is her debut film. Zahid Akbar of "The Daily Star" praised his performance, specifically his Dhakaiya accent. He noted, "There were some highlights in the film such as Shakib Khan's delivery of the Dhakaiya accent, which was fairly entertaining. Shakib Khan's presence is the only saving grace in the entire film." The film won three awards in the 19th Meril Prothom Alo Awards. Another was Raju Chowdhury's action crime film "Shooter". The film was a commercial success at the box office, placed among the top 10 commercially successful films of 2016 but received negative reviews from critics for its poor screenplay but praised his performance. Film director Mostafizur Rahman Manik noted on "Bangla Tribune" that, "Shakib Khan is as good as ever in terms of acting". In December of the same year, he starred in "Dhumketu" directed by Shafique Hasan opposite Pori Moni. Zahid Akbar has criticized his costume and hairstyles in the film. He noted, "Shakib Khan was not too bad. However, it was clear that he was shooting for a long time. There was no continuity in costume and haircut. He appeared in one scene with big hair, but in the next scene appeared in short hair, which has caused a lot of annoyance."


title: Shakib Khan

text: In the beginning of 2017, he starred in "সত্তা (The Entity)". The film directed by Hashibur Reza Kallol based on the story of fictionist Sohani Hossain's "Maa" (meaning Mother) and for the first time Indian actress Paoli Dam played opposite him. His performance in the film caught the attention of the audience of all the classes, the film also success at the box office. At "Risingbd.com", Ruhul Amin appreciated that it was a good idea to start a story with a mainstream hero. He noted, "Sabuj means that Shakib Khan also made one of the best performances of his acting career in Swatta". However, he criticized Khan's early performance in the film. It won numerous accolades including five National Film Awards at the 42nd Bangladesh National Film Awards and Khan won the National Film Awards as Best Actor for the fourth time by playing as Sabuj, who is a drug-addicted pervert young son of rich man. On the same year in Eid al-Fitr "Nabab" and "রাজনীতি (Politics)" released starring by him. Indo-Bangladesh joint production "Nabab" directed by Joydeep Mukherjee and for the first time Indian actress Subhashree Ganguly played opposite him. The film released in 128 theatres, and become the highest-grossing films of 2017 and become one of the highest grossing Bangladeshi and West Bengal film of all time. His energetic performance and re-emergence in the film was praised by both critics and audiences. Film critic Zahid Akbar noted on "The Daily Star", "From the beginning of the film to the end, Shakib has tried to pour all his talent. He was the Nawab throughout the whole story". His dialogue and the use of the phrase of the film "সন্ত্রাসের কোনো জাত নেই, দেশ নেই, ধর্ম নেই, ওদের পরিচয় একটাই, ওরা সন্ত্রাসবাদী।" (trans. There is no caste of terrorism, no country, no religion, their only identity is that they are terrorists.) were very popular with audiences. On the other, "রাজনীতি (Politics)" directed by Bulbul Biswas, after a long year he is seen opposite Apu Biswas. The film praised by the critics and the audience. Rayan Khan, the film critic of the "Bangla Tribune", praised the film's direction, screenplay and performances by lead artists. However, he criticised Shakib Khan's two looks in the same film. He noted, "From the beginning to the end of the film he is unrivalled in acting. His eye expression is incomparable. Shakib Khan's look was not in continuity, even though the other actors of the film were look continuity". In Eid al-Adha, he starred in "Rangbaaz" and "Ohongkar". Shabnom Bubly was the opposite in this twice films.


title: Shakib Khan

text: In the beginning of the following year, he starred in political drama film "আমি নেতা হবো (I Want To Be Leader)", where Bidya Sinha Saha Mim starred opposite him for the second time after the release of "আমার প্রাণের প্রিয়া (My Beloved Dear)". The film is co-produced by Eskay Movies with Shapla Media of Bangladesh. Then in April he starred in romantic comedy film "Chalbaaz" directed by Joydeep Mukherjee, which is the remake of 2015's Telugu language action comedy-drama film "Subramanyam for Sale" starring by Sai Dharam Tej and Regina Cassandra. It was first Indian solo production film starring by him, which was produced by Indian production company Eskay Movies. Subhashree Ganguly starred opposite him in the film, where he is seen with actors like Rajatava Dutta, Kharaj Mukherjee, Kazi Hayat and Ashish Vidyarthi. It received positive reviews from critics after its release. Anindo Mamun praised Shakib Khan's performance, especially his comedy. Mamun noted on "Jugantor" that, "Shakib Khan also tried to give the best. His comedy acting was also great. In return he is getting applause from the audience". In Eid al-Fitr of the year, "Pangku Jamai", "Chittagainga Poya Noakhakhailla Maiya" and "Super Hero" and released by him. Comedy drama "Pangku Jamai" directed by Abdul Mannan, and Apu Biswas starring opposite him. "Chittagainga Poya Noakhailla Maiya" directed by Uttam Akash. The film also comedy drama, which is made in the regional languages of Chittagong and Noakhali. Then he starred in director Ashiqur Rahman's fifth project action-crime film "Super Hero". He played as Iqbal Mahmud Sami, a special force officer. The film created many controversy for various reasons, from filming to release. His next venture is Indian action comedy-drama film "Bhaijaan Elo Re", which was also directed by Joydeep Mukherjee. He has played dual roles opposite Srabanti Chatterjee and Payal Sarkar in the film. On the same year in Eid-ul-Adha, he starred in "Captain Khan" directed by Wajed Ali Sumon as the titular role. The film remake of Tamil language action thriller film "Anjaan" starring by Suriya and Samantha Ruth Prabhu. At the end of the year, he starred in Indian supernatural thriller film "Naqaab" of Shree Venkatesh Films, whice is directed by Rajiv Kumar Biswas. Where he played dual roles opposite Nusrat Jahan and Sayantika Banerjee.


title: Shakib Khan

text: In Eid al-Fitr of 2019, he starred in "Password" and "Nolok". The film "Password" was released in highest number of theaters of the year. It was commercially success in spite of various criticisms, including accusations of plagiarism, theft of song lyrics, not giving time to other film promote. The film grossed 110 million on its fourth day at the box office, which is the fourth-highest grossing in the history of Bangladeshi cinema and become highest-grossing film of the year. The film won the highest number of awards including Best Popular Actor in the first Bharat-Bangladesh Film Awards held in Bangladesh. Romantic comedy-drama film "Nolok" directed by Sakib Sonnet and Team. He played as Shaon Talukder opposite Bobby. The film won in a category award at the Bharat-Bangladesh Film Awards and nominated in several categories. On the same year in Eid al-Adha he starred in Zakir Hossain Raju's 20th project "Moner Moto Manush Pailam Naa", which was the seventh collaboration between Zakir Hossain Raju and him. In which he played as Shadhin, an independent lawyer, he played the role for the second time in his career. Earlier, he played Advocate Murad as a lawyer in "Humkir Mukhe" ("হুমকির মুখে") directed by Aziz Ahmed Babul opposite actress Eka in 2003. The film performed average at the box office and received mixed reviews from critics upon release but Khan's performance in the film was highly praised by critics. Rumman Rashid Khan on Bangla Movie Database wrote that, he has done justice to his name. Rumman noted, "Shakib Khan has been able to do justice to his name in the film. Not with the body, he has performed in several scenes of the film with his eye expression. Shakib Khan's performance while talking to his parents about flashbacks has made me repeatedly wondered that why he is the best." It won several National Film Awards at the 44th National Film Awards including Zakir Hossain Raju's Best Dialogue Award.


title: Shakib Khan

text: In 2020, he starred in "Bir" and "Shahenshah". Socio-political drama film "Bir" directed by veteran director Kazi Hayat. The film marks the first collaboration between Khan and Kazi Hayat. The film is produced by himself, which is his third production, he has previously produced two films titled "" (2014) and "Password" (2019). The film story, dialogue and Khan's performance praised by the critics. Zahid Akbar noted on "The Daily Star", "The audience has seen Bir to see Shakib Khan's performance. Throughout the film he has acted in heroic". "Shahenshah" directed by young director Shamim Ahamed Roni, where Nusraat Faria and Rodela Jannat played for the first time opposite him. Despite having set the release date several times, later the film was criticised for not releasing. The feature was theatrically released in Bangladesh amid the COVID-19 pandemic, which affected its commercial performance due to the closing of the cinemas. His next venture is Anonno Mamun's eighth directorial project legal drama "Nabab LLB", which is the first collaboration between director, opposite second collaboration between Mahiya Mahi and first between Orchita Sporshia. The project began on 30 August 2020, after seven months from proposed date due to COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. It was released on the Over-the-top media service iTheater due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh, and became the first Dhallywood film to released any OTT service.


title: Shakib Khan

text: His several notable films are awaiting to release for various reasons. He started Shapla Media's upcoming project "Bidrohi" (formerly known as "Ektu Prem Darkar") on 25 September 2018 and wrapped up in the mid-September 2019. The film got censor certificate in March 2020 without any cut. The film was then awaiting to release on Eid al-Fitr in 2020. The film was not released in theatres on time due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. It is currently awaiting to release. The film created controversy, with its producer sending a legal notice against him for not completing the work on time. (See "Controversy" section for further details) His another upcoming project is Badiul Alam Khokon's "Agun", opposite Jahara Mitu in her debut. The film began on 5 August 2019, and second lot of the film was ended on 7 October 2019. After that, it is currently stopped due to the producer has been arrested for his involvement in casino activities in Bangladesh. Recently he completed work of Wajed Ali Sumon's project "Antaratma," opposite Darshana Banik (in her Bangladeshi debut). The film began in March 2021 and filming was completed following month and the post-production will be completed in India. The film's director Wajed Ali Sumon told "The Daily Star" that, "The post-production of the film is taking place in India. If the (COVID-19) pandemic is within control, the film will be released on the coming Eid-ul-Fitr." The film was initially set to release on Eid al-Fitr on 2021. Subsequently, it was postponed due to the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. The film release date will be rescheduled, when the effects of the second wave of COVID-19 subside. Most recently he started shooting Bengal Multimedia's upcoming project "Leader - Ami-e Bangladesh" directed by Topu Khan (in his directorial debut), opposite Shabnom Bubly, (in their 12th collaboration), which began on 25 May 2021.


title: Shakib Khan

text: Shakib Khan elected the biennial election for the first time of Bangladesh Film Artists Association in 2011 and served as its president. Then he was re-elected in the 2015 election beating veteran actor Ahmed Sharif. It was the second time in a row that Khan has earned the position of the president in the association. Khan quoted that, "I am really happy to be reelected as the position has given me the opportunity to serve film artistes again."


title: Shakib Khan

text: On 10 February 2014 Khan launched his own production company SK Films and produced "". After almost 5 years, the actor returned to produce in 2019 with the film "Password" under the banner of his own production company. Which is his second produced film in terms of release. Earlier in 2018, he started producing a film titled "Priyotoma" directed by Himel Ashraf. Shabnom Bubly is set to star opposite him in the film. However, the film was not released. It is currently being filmed. As of February 2020 he has produced three films. His latest produced film is "BIR", which was released on the occasion of Valentine's Day in 2020. Earlier in 2019, he announced the production of four films together.


title: Shakib Khan

text: Shakib Khan has also performed on many stages as well as acting. On 24 February 2011, on the occasion of the 2011 Cricket World Cup he performed on stage at the Tri-nation Big Show with the participation of artists from the three host countries India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. On 14 November 2019, he performed on stage at the inaugural ceremony of 2019 T10 League at the Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium in Abu Dhabi, the capital of the United Arab Emirates, hosted by Indian production and distribution company Red Chillies Entertainment. Where he has to face criticism for speaking in Hindi language. On 11 December 2019, he performed the stage at the West Trimohoni Jhanjhara Club in Murshidabad, West Bengal, India, at a variety show called Srabanti and Shakib Khan Night organised to help distressed students and orphans, where popular Indian actress Srabanti Chatterjee performed on the stage with him. On 1 February 2020, he performed the stage at the Golden Jubilee celebrations to mark the 50th anniversary of Char Fashion Government College, where Riaz, Moushumi and Sadika Parvin Popy performed on stage with him. Speaker of the Jatiya Sangsad Shirin Sharmin Chaudhury, Chief Whip Nur-e Alam Chowdhury and Chairman of the Parliamentary Standing Committee of the Ministry of Youth and Sports Abdullah Al Islam Jacob were present as guests on the occasion.


title: Shakib Khan

text: Khan first performed in an advertisement called Asian Duplex City. Then in 2013 he worked in the advertisement of energy drink Power. In 2018, he performed in an advertisement of Banglalink, a mobile SIM service provider in Bangladesh, titled "Beshi Beshi Khushi Kushi", where Shakib Khan and Nusraat Faria are seen together for the first time. In 2019, Khan starred in another commercial. He is seen as Hercules in this commercial for SMC Orsaline N directed by Adnan Al Rajib. In this regard Khan said, "I have worked with Adnan in an advertisement before it. That work has been appreciated by the audience. His thoughts are quite nice. Can find me in a completely different way. The audience will see the rest on the television screen." In April 2021, he done another commercial with the same company, directed by Piplu Khan. In the early September 2021, he participated in a TV commercials for Berger Paints Bangladesh Limited with actress Nusraat Faria.


title: Shakib Khan

text: Shakib Khan is widely regarded as one of the most popular and influential actors in Bengali cinema. He is often referred to as "King Khan", "King of Dhallywood" and "Number One Shakib Khan" (initialism as No1SK), also referred as "Bhaijaan of Dhallywood" (in reference to his 2018 film "Bhaijaan Elo Re"). , Khan has appeared in more than 240 Bangladeshi and West Bengal films in a career spanning almost two decade and described as one of most successful actor in Bangladesh. Most of his films were commercially and critically successful. Khan is one of the most recognizable star of the present era of Bangladeshi film industry. As one of the most dominant actors in the Bangladeshi movie scene during the 2000s, 2010s and early 2020s, Khan is widely considered as one of the greatest and influential actors in the history of Bangladeshi cinema. He is critically acclaimed as one of the finest actors of Bangladesh.


title: Shakib Khan

text: In 2013, Khan became the brand ambassador of Bangladesh's energy drink Pran Power Energy Drink. It is the first time Khan has made his debut as an ambassador. Then, in the same year, he became the brand ambassador of Asian Duplex Town, a housing project of Asian Town Development Limited. Where he participated in its various promotional activities, including commercials, for one year. In March 2019, he was appointed as the brand ambassador of SMC Orsaline-N. He works to promote the product on special occasions. In the beginning of September 2021, he was appointed as the brand ambassador of Berger Paints Bangladesh Limited. For the next two years, he will participate in various campaigns, engagement sessions and other promotional activities on behalf of Berger Paints Bangladesh.


title: Shakib Khan

text: Khan was ranked for the first time as a Bangladeshi in the list of top 20 stars of the "Calcutta Times Most Desirable Man" in the 2019 edition by the Indian media "The Times of India"s supplement "Calcutta Times". The "Calcutta Times" ranked him 18th out of the top 20 stars, considering the business, audience demand and co-stars of the films released in India starring by him in 2018. He is among the most popular celebrities in Bangladesh. Khan's popularity has been recorded by both Google and YouTube as the most-searched-and-viewed actor several times. Also television channels hold film festivals every year on Eid with his films as Shakib Khan Films Festival.


title: Shakib Khan

text: In 2008, a news article was published in "Bhorer Kagoj" that Shakib got married to film actress Ratri. Shakib Khan denied the news of the marriage and threatened two journalists involved in publishing the news. They are said to have a son named Rahul. In 2022, Ratri claimed that Shakib distanced himself from her after his marriage to Apu Biswas. She also said that her son is now a mechanic and Shakib has not taken responsibility for their maintenance. However, she later denied the claim.


title: Shakib Khan

text: In 2006, Shakib Khan met Apu Biswas with the film "Koti Takar Kabin" (2006). He then proposed marriage to Apu Biswas in 2008 after the filming of "Kotha Dao Sathi Hobe". He married most of his films co-star Apu Biswas in a private wedding ceremony on 18 April 2008 at his Gulshan house in Dhaka. But the issue of marriage is kept secret in the media. Later, in 2017, Apu Biswas informed in an interview on "News24" that they were married. The couple has a son named Abraham Khan Joy, who was born on 27 September 2016 in a clinic in Kolkata, India.


title: Shakib Khan

text: On 22 November 2017, Shakib Khan filed for divorce and the couple got divorced on 22 February 2018. She converted to Islam after her marriage with him and renamed as Apu Islam Khan, however, she later reverted to Hinduism after their divorce.


title: Shakib Khan

text: Shakib Khan and Shobnom Bubly were rumored to be dating while shooting for the film Bossgiri in 2016. Their marriage news was still not known, but there were strong rumours that they are married. On 26 September 2022, Bubly posted her pregnancy time photos on Facebook and this day was also Shakib's son Joy's birthday. It made the rumor more strong. After four days on 30 September 2022, Shakib and Bubly both confirmed on Facebook that they have been married since 2018 and together they have a son named Shehzad Khan Bir who was born on 21 March 2020, in the United States.


title: Shakib Khan

text: He has also done some philanthropic work, such as supporting the Rana Plaza cause. Khan also owns a restaurant chain at Jamuna Future Park in Dhaka named Red Chicken. He has been one of the country's highest taxpayers for three consecutive years in 2016–17, 2018–19 and 2019–20. In the mid of 2019, Khan installed digital machine in 200 theaters across the country. The work of installing these under the name of SK Big Screen started from Eid al-Adha in 2019. The decision also created some controversy with Jaaz Multimedia, one of the country's leading production companies.


title: Shakib Khan

text: Shakib Khan was supposed to participate in the Eleventh Parliamentary Election of Bangladesh in 2018. On 10 November 2018, he said that he would buy the nomination papers for Bangladesh Awami League on 11 November. However, he changed his mind that night and stated that, he was not voting. He stated that, "It is not right for mine to leave cinema and be busy with anything else right now. It is possible to serve the country through cinema. So I decided not to take part in the election after discussing with my close ones." Then he wants to vote for the "Nouka" () symbol in favor of Bangladesh Awami League in a video message in the same election. He praised prime minister Sheikh Hasina in that one minute video message. Khan referred to her as a Loving Mother and a Symbol of Development.


title: Shakib Khan

text: Shakib Khan faced the first major illness in 2008, at that time he had to go to Thailand for treatment. Since then his illness has been a cause for concern for filmmakers. Currently he consults a physician regularly. On 15 May 2015, Khan felt physically ill due to abdominal pain caused by acidity. Then on 17 May, he received first aid at LabAid Hospital in Dhaka under professor Dr. Salimur Rahman and rested as advised. He was taken to LabAid Hospital again on 25 May as he fell ill again. Later, as his physical condition deteriorated he left for Singapore on 26 May 2015 for advanced treatment. Khan returned to Dhaka on 31 May 2015, after receiving treatment at Mount Elizabeth Hospital in Singapore under Dr. Yo Sing Kong. On 13 April 2017, Khan fell ill with chest and neck pain and was admitted to Lab Aid Hospital in Dhaka for treatment. There he received treatment under Professor Abdul Wadud Chowdhury, a gastroliver specialist. In January 2018, he was admitted to the emergency department of Sydney Hospital in Australia due to a high fever during the filming of the "Super Hero" and received treatment for two days. On 28 December 2019, he was re-admitted to Labaid Hospital in Dhaka due to cold fever and gastric problems during the filming of "Bir". The film work has been stopped for about a week due to his illness.


title: Shakib Khan

text: In an interview veteran actor and producer Farooque said, "Shakib is a skilled actor. To say he has held the helm of the industry alone for a long time." After the watching film "Shikari", Ranjit Mallick wrote in a tweet that, "Shakib's performance impressed me. It was not difficult to understand after watching the film "Shikari" that he is a great actor. I wish his success." Sabyasachi Chakrabarty said, "Shakib is incomparable as a man as he is polite and amiable as an actor." In another interview with "Siti Cinema", he also praised Khan's acting as well as his personality.


title: Shakib Khan

text: In an interview with "Channel i", Bangladeshi actor Misha Sawdagar said that "he is a perfect actor." In an interview with "Channel i" veteran actor Alamgir said, "Shakib Khan is a very talented actor." In an interview actress Nuton said, "Shakib Khan is a very good actor. Not only the actor but he is a perfect hero in all respects." After he surprised notable Bangladeshi singer and composer Runa Laila on her birthday, she praised his acting as well as his personality and wishes his success, she said, "I always think that Shakib is a very good actor. If he is allowed to play a different characters with a better directors, he will do much better. I know very well about his talent."


title: Shakib Khan

text: In 2015, films by Shakib Khan was banned from being screened for the first time by Bangladesh Motion Picture Exhibitors Association after he led protests against the first screening after decades of a Bollywood film in Bangladesh. The Bollywood blockbuster film "Wanted" opened in cinemas on 23 January 2015 after Bangladesh's censor board cleared its nationwide release, following a 50-year ban on Hindi-language films.


title: Shakib Khan

text: But the screenings sparked protests outside cinemas along with wildcat strikes by hundreds of Dhallywood actors, directors and others, who said the release would cripple the local film industry, known as Dhallywood.


title: Shakib Khan

text: On 10 April 2017 actress Apu Biswas informed about his secret marriage with Khan and their children at live show on "News24". In response to an interview in a national newspaper on 16 April, Khan said, "As more films are not being produced now, the number of employed people is little higher. Many directors will be seen in the list of directors' associations. They are chatting at the BFDC. But how many are working.? Same situation for artists and producers." Bangladesh Film Directors Association became angry over Khan's speech and was criticised in the film associations. Following that on 29 April 2017, Khan was banned from Bangladesh films for indefinitely, along with 12 film organisations including the Bangladesh Film Directors Association. The ban notice was signed by Bangladesh Film Director's Association president Mushfiqur Rahman Gulzar and secretary general Badiul Alam Khokon states that, "The Bangladesh Film Director's Association held a joint meeting with the president and general secretary of all the film-related organizations. It was decided to unanimously that, as Shakib Khan has spoken in the media including the national newspapers, disrespecting and humiliating the entire film directors of the country. Even now he is giving similar statements. All the film-related crew seem to think that Shakib has despised the film-related professionals of the country. Because the director is the Captain of the Ship. To insult them means to insult all the crews. Therefore, from today (Saturday) all members of the film-related organizations will not participate in the shooting and dubbing of any films with Shakib Khan for indefinitely."


title: Shakib Khan

text: In a response to the ban on the film, Shakib Khan stated that, "It is nothing but more a conspiracy against mine. Kazi Hayat sir, Faruk sir, Bapparaj sir have spoken about the issue. But the directors association made a decision without hearing anything, which was nothing but a personal anger."


title: Shakib Khan

text: The next day he came to the office of the Bangladesh Film Directors' Association and expressed his sorrow and apology. As a result, the indefinitely ban by 12 organizations, including Bangladesh Film Directors' Association was lifted from him on 1 May 2017.


title: Shakib Khan

text: On 2017, Shakib Khan was sued with fraud and defamation of 5 million for using the personal mobile number of a man named Ijazul Mia of Habiganj, Bangladesh, in a dialogue for the film "Rajneeti". The film's director Bulbul Biswas and producer Ashfaq Ahmed were also charged in the same case. Autorickshaw driver Ijazul Mia filed the case in Habiganj Senior Judicial Magistrate's Court in Habiganj on 29 October 2016.


title: Shakib Khan

text: Ijazul Mia mentioned in the charge sheet of the case that, actress Apu Biswas said while giving a dialogue in a sequence of the film Rajneeti (26 minutes and 12 seconds of the film), 'I will not let go of my dream prince again and again.' In reply actor Shakib Khan said, 'I will never leave you, my princess.' Apu Biswas said again, 'How do you know that my Facebook ID is "Rajkumari"?' In reply Shakib Khan said, 'As you know, my mobile number is...'.


title: Shakib Khan

text: Regarding the case Khan stated, "As an artist I just delivered my dialogue. It is not my responsibility to decide whose mobile phone number it is, whether the number is correct or not. It does not come under my jurisdiction. It's the matter of the film's producer, director and scriptwriter. It turns on them. If any other hero in my place had delivered the dialogue, he had nothing to do."


title: Shakib Khan

text: On 27 May 2019, Shakib Khan claimed a doctorate in film at the founding anniversary of a fashion house called Prem's Collection as the part of promotion of the film "Password" and said he can make international quality films in the Sundarbans as well. The video of his remarks spread on social media, sparking widespread discussion and criticism. Many criticized him and made various humorous comments, statuses and videos. Khan said about his comments, "Many have did not understand my of comments, the way I actually wanted to explain. I mean, while I love making films, I also have a lot of experience. In that sense I have called myself a doctorate. Despite thousands of adversities, I am ready to make films. I meant it."


title: Shakib Khan

text: On the other hand, the director of the film Malek Afsari said about Khan's statements that, "The Sundarbans is a jungle, there are no five star hotels. As long as I stay, I have to trouble. This is what he meant that, even if leave me in the Sundarbans, I can make international quality films."


title: Shakib Khan

text: On 11 September 2019, film production company Shapla Media sent a legal notice to Khan for not completing the work of a film titled "Ektu Prem Dharkar" (now known as "Bidrohi") on time. In addition to sending the notice to Khan, a copy was also sent to the Ministry of Information, the Secretariat and the private secretary to the Prime Minister, Bangladesh Film Producers, Distributors, Directors and Artists associations.


title: Shakib Khan

text: Khan told The Daily Star about the allegations, "I will definitely finish the rest of the work on the film. I also set aside a few days for this. I don't have received any complaint. I don't want to say more anything about this."


title: Shakib Khan

text: On 18 November 2019, A mobile court of RAJUK has finned Shakib Khan to 1 million with one year imprisonment for non-payment for illegally constructing an extended part of his house in Niketan, Gulshan, Dhaka without following the design approved by the Rajdhani Unnayan Kartripakkha (RAJUK).


title: Shakib Khan

text: On 29 June 2020 Dilruba Khan, the original vocalist of a song titled "" field a general diary (GD) against Shakib Khan and mobile phone service provider Robi Axiata Limited for allegedly violating copyright and digital security laws for using the first two lines of song "" in the film "Password" released in 2019 without any official permission. Earlier on 28 June, Dilruba Khan had lodged a written complaint against Khan in the Cyber Crime Unit of Dhaka Metropolitan Police (DMP) demanding in compensation.


title: Shakib Khan

text: On 1 October 2022, expatriate journalist Milli Sultana claimed that in 2018, Bangladeshi-born Australian Annie Submarine, who was a co-producer of one of his films, was raped by Shakib while filming "Super Hero" in Sydney. Annie filed a police complaint against him. But because of Shakib's appointed immigration lawyer, the police could not take action against him. When Shakib was asked about this, he denied the allegation saying that Annie seduced him and what happened between them was consensual.


title: Shakib Khan

text: Khan has earned numerous accolades and become one of the most award-winning entertainers in Dhallywood with more than 30 awards including four National Film Awards, eight Meril Prothom Alo Awards, three Bachsas Awards and five CJFB Performance Awards. For the role of Surja, an independent young man in the family-drama film "Bhalobaslei Ghor Bandha Jay Na" (2010), he has received his first National Film Awards for Best Actor at the 35th National Film Awards in 2010. For role of Munna, a boy who deeply love his mother and got separated from his mother when he was quite young in the action drama film "Khodar Pore Ma", he received his second National Film Awards for Best Actor in 2012. In 2015, he portrait as himself, a famous film star who later fall in love with a simple girl and committed suicide for her in the romantic drama "Aro Bhalobashbo Tomay" and earned him his third National Film Awards for Best Actor. For the role of Sabuj, a drugs addicted spoiled son of a rich man, who keeps himself out of society in romantic drama film "Swatta" (2017), he received his fourth National Film Awards for Best Actor.


title: Shakib Khan

text: He has won total eight Meril Prothom Alo Awards, which is the highest number of any male film actor. He received his first Meril Prothom Alo Awards for Best Actor for "Amar Praner Swami" for the role of Raju in 2007. In addition to this he won the award seven more times. In 2016, he portrait as Sultan alias Raghab, a disguised professional assassin with mysterious past, tasked with assassinating a top government official in the action thriller "Shikari", he received his eighth Meril Prothom Alo Awards for Best Actor prior this he also earned a Tele Cine Awards for Best Actor (Bangladesh). Khan has also received an honoured as New Generation Actors at the fourth Cholochitra Mela in 2012.


title: Glenn Plummer

text: Glenn E. Plummer (born August 18, 1961) is an American film and television actor best known as Timmy Rawlins in "ER" (1994-2007), and Vic Trammel in "Sons of Anarchy" (2008-2009).


title: Glenn Plummer

text: Plummer has appeared in numerous films and television series, primarily in supporting roles or small bit parts, such as High Top in "Colors." His prominent roles came in the films "Menace II Society", "Speed", "Bones", "Showgirls", "South Central", "The Day After Tomorrow", "The Salton Sea" and "Saw II". In 2014, he produced and was a collaborating writer of the horror thriller film "Teeth and Blood".


title: Glenn Plummer

text: Plummer was nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male for his performance in "Pastime".


title: Power Rangers Lightspeed Rescue

text: Power Rangers Lightspeed Rescue is a television series and the eighth season of the "Power Rangers" franchise, based on the 23rd "Super Sentai" series "Kyuukyuu Sentai GoGoFive" (1999).


title: Power Rangers Lightspeed Rescue

text: "Lightspeed Rescue" had, for the first time, a Power Ranger with no "Super Sentai" counterpart in the Titanium Ranger, as there was no regular sixth Ranger in "GoGo V", which makes it the only season to have an American-exclusive Sixth Ranger.


title: Power Rangers Lightspeed Rescue

text: The series takes place in the fictitious city of Mariner Bay, California, which was built on an ancient demon burial ground. When the demons were accidentally released from their tomb in the desert, they threaten to destroy Mariner Bay. Therefore, a government organization called Lightspeed Rescue, headed by Captain William Mitchell, recruits four civilians and his own daughter to defend the city as a new team of Power Rangers after the Lightspeed Rescue successfully channels the source of their powers, the Morphin Grid. Each of the four civilians chosen had a special area of expertise: Carter Grayson, the Red Lightspeed Ranger, was a fire fighter in the local fire department; Chad Lee, the Blue Lightspeed Ranger, worked as a lifeguard and marine animal trainer at a local aquarium and a marine amusement park; Joel Rawlings, the Green Lightspeed Ranger, was a stunt pilot; Kelsey Winslow, the Yellow Lightspeed Ranger, was an extreme sports athlete; and Dana Mitchell, the Captain's daughter, who agreed to become the Pink Lightspeed Ranger, was a paramedic and practiced medical arts. The five Power Rangers were aided by a team of scientists and engineers led by Miss Angela Fairweather, and operated out of the "Lightspeed Aquabase", an underwater military compound that also deters the hydrophobic demons from directly attacking the base.


title: Power Rangers Lightspeed Rescue

text: The five Rangers would be joined by Captain Mitchell's long lost son, Ryan Mitchell, who would become the Titanium Ranger. Together, the six Rangers would prevail against the demon forces time after time, culminating in a final showdown where, in Power Rangers tradition, all of the Zords and much of the weapons and other equipment that was used by the Power Rangers over the series was destroyed.


title: Power Rangers Lightspeed Rescue

text: In addition, "Lightspeed Rescue" featured a reunion reappearance of characters from "Power Rangers Lost Galaxy", when the villainess Trakeena comes to Earth to destroy it and the Lightspeed Rangers team up with the Galaxy Rangers.


title: Power Rangers Lightspeed Rescue

text: Several video games based on Power Rangers Lightspeed Rescue were also developed and available for Nintendo 64, Game Boy Color, PlayStation, and PC. The PlayStation and N64 versions were 3D beat-em up games, the Game Boy version was a 2D side-scrolling platformer, and the PC version was actually an activity center.


title: P. J. Washington

text: Paul Jamaine Washington Jr. (born August 23, 1998) is an American professional basketball player for the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Kentucky Wildcats. After being selected by the Hornets in the first round of the 2019 NBA draft with the 12th overall pick, he was named to the NBA All-Rookie Second Team in 2020.


title: P. J. Washington

text: Washington attended Lone Star High School in Frisco, Texas before transferring to Findlay Prep in Henderson, Nevada.


title: P. J. Washington

text: Washington was rated as a five-star recruit and No.12 overall recruit and No.3 power forward in the 2017 high school class by Scout.com, Rivals.com and ESPN. On November 10, 2016, he committed to the Kentucky Wildcats, on November 20 he signed his letter of intent.


title: P. J. Washington

text: Throughout most of his freshman season at Kentucky, Washington played through a pinkie injury that required surgery in the summer. In the NCAA Tournament loss to Kansas State, Washington led Kentucky with 18 points and 15 rebounds. Washington averaged 10.8 points and 5.7 rebounds per game as a freshman. After the season, he declared for the NBA draft, but announced his return on May 30, 2018.


title: P. J. Washington

text: Following Kentucky's loss to Auburn in the 2019 NCAA men's basketball tournament, Washington announced his intention to forgo his final two seasons of collegiate eligibility and declare for the 2019 NBA draft, where he was projected to be a first-round selection.


title: P. J. Washington

text: Washington was selected as the 12th overall pick by the Charlotte Hornets in the 2019 NBA draft. On July 3, 2019, Washington officially signed with the Hornets. On October 23, 2019, Washington made his debut in NBA, started in a 126–125 win over the Chicago Bulls with 27 points, 4 rebounds, an assist, a steal and a block. He also made 7 three-pointers, the most in an NBA debut in NBA history. On October 31, 2019, Washington scored 23 points and 8 rebounds in a 118–111 win over the Sacramento Kings. On November 29, 2019, Washington put up 26 points and 5 rebounds in a 110–107 victory against the Detroit Pistons. On September 15, 2020, Washington was named 2019–20 NBA All-Rookie Second Team by the NBA.


title: P. J. Washington

text: On February 28, 2021, Washington scored a career-high 42 points to help the Charlotte Hornets win over the Sacramento Kings.


title: Jimmy Baio

text: James Joseph Baio (born March 15, 1962) is an American former actor. He began acting on TV at the age of 13. Baio is best known for playing Billy Tate on "Soap". His last role was in the 1996 film "The Mirror Has Two Faces."


title: Jimmy Baio

text: Baio first appeared onscreen in 1975 at age 13. He made guest appearances on series such as "The Facts of Life", "Fantasy Island" and "The Love Boat", but his best known role was probably as Billy Tate on the comedy series "Soap" (1977–81).


title: Jimmy Baio

text: Baio's other credits include "Matlock", "Trapper John, M.D.", "Matt Houston", "Too Close for Comfort" and "Family Feud". Baio, along with Susan Richardson, participated in the "Junior Pyramid" special of "The $20,000 Pyramid" in 1979. He also appeared in the comedy movie "The Bad News Bears in Breaking Training" (1977) as Carmen Ronzonni.


title: Jimmy Baio

text: He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He is the cousin of actor Scott Baio and Vampire Weekend band member Chris Baio. Jimmy is the uncle of New York Yankees outfielder Harrison Bader.


title: Cornet

text: The cornet (, ) is a brass instrument similar to the trumpet but distinguished from it by its conical bore, more compact shape, and mellower tone quality. The most common cornet is a transposing instrument in B, though there is also a soprano cornet in E and cornets in A and C. All are unrelated to the Renaissance and early Baroque cornett.


title: Cornet

text: The cornet derived from the posthorn, by applying rotary valves to it in the 1820s in France. However by the 1830s, Parisian makers were using piston valves. Cornets first appeared as separate instrumental parts in 19th-century French compositions.


title: Cornet

text: This instrument could not have been developed without the improvement of piston valves by Silesian horn players Friedrich Blühmel (or Blümel) and Heinrich Stölzel in the early 19th century. These two instrument makers almost simultaneously invented valves, though it is likely that Blühmel was the inventor, while Stölzel developed a practical instrument. They were jointly granted a patent for a period of ten years. François Périnet received a patent in 1838 for an improved valve which became the model for modern brass instrument piston valves. The first notable virtuoso player was Jean-Baptiste Arban, who studied the cornet extensively and published "La grande méthode complète de cornet à piston et de saxhorn", commonly referred to as the "Arban method", in 1864. Up until the early 20th century, the trumpet and cornet co-existed in musical ensembles. Symphonic repertoire often involves separate parts for trumpet and cornet. As several instrument builders made improvements to both instruments, they started to look and sound more alike. The modern-day cornet is used in brass bands, concert bands, and in specific orchestral repertoire that requires a more mellow sound.


title: Cornet

text: The name cornet derives from corne, meaning "horn", itself from Latin 'cornu'. While not musically related, instruments of the Zink family (which includes serpents) are named "cornetto" or "cornett" in modern English to distinguish them from the valved cornet described here. The 11th edition of the "Encyclopædia Britannica" referred to serpents as "old wooden cornets". The Roman/Etruscan cornu (or simply "horn") is the lingual ancestor of these. It is a predecessor of the post horn from which the cornet evolved, and was used like a bugle to signal orders on the battlefield.


title: Cornet

text: The cornet's valves allowed for melodic playing throughout the register of the cornet. Trumpets were slower to adopt the new valve technology, so for 100 years or more, composers often wrote separate parts for trumpet and cornet. The trumpet would play fanfare-like passages, while the cornet played more melodic passages. The modern trumpet has valves that allow it to play the same notes and fingerings as the cornet.


title: Cornet

text: Cornets and trumpets made in a given key (usually the key of B) play at the same pitch, and the technique for playing the instruments is nearly identical. However, cornets and trumpets are not entirely interchangeable, as they differ in timbre. Also available, but usually seen only in the brass band, is an E soprano model, pitched a fourth above the standard B.


title: Cornet

text: Unlike the trumpet, which has a cylindrical bore up to the bell section, the tubing of the cornet has a mostly conical bore, starting very narrow at the mouthpiece and gradually widening towards the bell. Cornets following the 1913 patent of E.A. Couturier can have a continuously conical bore. The conical bore of the cornet is primarily responsible for its characteristic warm, mellow tone, which can be distinguished from the more penetrating sound of the trumpet. The conical bore of the cornet also makes it more agile than the trumpet when playing fast passages, but correct pitching is often less assured. The cornet is often preferred for young beginners as it is easier to hold, with its centre of gravity much closer to the player.


title: Cornet

text: The cornet mouthpiece has a shorter and narrower shank than that of a trumpet so it can fit the cornet's smaller mouthpiece receiver. The cup size is often deeper than that of a trumpet mouthpiece.


title: Cornet

text: One variety is the short model traditional cornet, also known as a ""Shepherd's Crook"" shaped model. These are most often large–bore instruments with a rich mellow sound. There is also a long-model or "American-wrap" cornet, often with a smaller bore and a brighter sound, which is produced in a variety of different tubing wraps and is closer to a trumpet in appearance. The Shepherd's Crook model is preferred by cornet traditionalists. The long-model cornet is generally used in concert bands in the United States, but has found little following in British-style brass and concert bands.


title: Cornet

text: A third and relatively rare variety—distinct from the long-model or "American-wrap" cornet—is the "long cornet", which was produced in the mid-20th Century by C.G. Conn and F.E. Olds and visually is nearly indistinguishable from a trumpet except that it has a receiver fashioned to accept cornet mouthpieces.


title: Cornet

text: The echo cornet has been called an obsolete variant. It has a mute chamber (or echo chamber) mounted to the side acting as a second bell when the fourth valve is pressed. The second bell has a sound similar to that of a Harmon mute and is typically used to play echo phrases, whereupon the player imitates the sound from the primary bell using the echo chamber.


title: Cornet

text: Like the trumpet and all other modern brass wind instruments, the cornet makes a sound when the player vibrates ("buzzes") the lips in the mouthpiece, creating a vibrating column of air in the tubing. The frequency of the air column's vibration can be modified by changing the lip tension and aperture or "embouchure", and by altering the tongue position to change the shape of the oral cavity, thereby increasing or decreasing the speed of the airstream. In addition, the column of air can be lengthened by engaging one or more valves, thus lowering the pitch. Double and triple tonguing are also possible.


title: Cornet

text: Without valves, the player could produce only a harmonic series of notes like those played by the bugle and other "natural" brass instruments. These notes are far apart for most of the instrument's range, making diatonic and chromatic playing impossible except in the extreme high register. The valves change the length of the vibrating column and provide the cornet with the ability to play chromatically.


title: Cornet

text: British brass bands consist only of brass instruments and a percussion section. The cornet is the leading melodic instrument in this ensemble; trumpets are never used. The ensemble consists of about thirty musicians, including nine B cornets and one E cornet (soprano cornet). In the UK, companies such as Besson and Boosey & Hawkes specialized in instrument for brass bands. In America, 19th-century manufacturers such as Graves and Company, Hall and Quinby, E.G. Wright and the Boston Musical Instrument Manufactury made instruments for this ensemble.


title: Cornet

text: The cornet features in the British-style concert band, and early American concert band pieces, particularly those written or transcribed before 1960, often feature distinct, separate parts for trumpets and cornets. Cornet parts are rarely included in later American pieces, however, and cornets are replaced in modern American bands by the trumpet. This slight difference in instrumentation derives from the British concert band's heritage in military bands, where the highest brass instrument is always the cornet. There are usually four to six B cornets present in a British concert band, but no E instrument, as this role is taken by the E clarinet.


title: Cornet

text: Fanfareorkesten ("fanfare orchestras"), found in only the Netherlands, Belgium, Northern France and Lithuania, use the complete saxhorn family of instruments. The standard instrumentation includes both the cornet and the trumpet; however, in recent decades, the cornet has largely been replaced by the trumpet.


title: Cornet

text: In old style jazz bands, the cornet was preferred to the trumpet, but from the swing era onwards, it has been largely replaced by the louder, more piercing trumpet. Likewise the cornet has been largely phased out of big bands by a growing taste for louder and more aggressive instruments, especially since the advent of bebop in the post World War II era.


title: Cornet

text: Jazz pioneer Buddy Bolden played the cornet, and Louis Armstrong started off on the cornet but his switch to the trumpet is often credited with beginning of the trumpet's dominance in jazz. Cornetists such as Bubber Miley and Rex Stewart contributed substantially to the Duke Ellington Orchestra's early sound. Other influential jazz cornetists include Freddie Keppard, King Oliver, Bix Beiderbecke, Ruby Braff, Bobby Hackett, and Nat Adderley. Notable performances on cornet by players generally associated with the trumpet include Freddie Hubbard's on "Empyrean Isles" by Herbie Hancock and Don Cherry's on "The Shape of Jazz to Come" by Ornette Coleman. The band "Tuba Skinny" is led by cornetist Shaye Cohn.


title: Cornet

text: Soon after its invention, the cornet was introduced into the symphony orchestra, supplementing the trumpets. The use of valves meant they could play a full chromatic scale in contrast with trumpets, which were still restricted to the harmonic series. In addition, their tone was found to unify the horn and trumpet sections. Hector Berlioz was the first significant composer to use them in these ways, and his orchestral works often use pairs of both trumpets and cornets, the latter playing more of the melodic lines. In his "Symphonie fantastique" (1830), he added a counter-melody for a solo cornet in the second movement ("Un Bal").


title: Cornet

text: Cornets continued to be used, particularly in French compositions, well after the valve trumpet was common. They blended well with other instruments, and were held to be better suited to certain types of melody. Tchaikovsky used them effectively this way in his "Capriccio Italien" (1880).


title: Cornet

text: From the early 20th century, the cornet and trumpet combination was still favored by some composers, including Edward Elgar and Igor Stravinsky, but tended to be used for occasions when the composer wanted the specific mellower and more agile sound. The sounds of cornet and trumpet have grown closer together over time and the former is now rarely used as an ensemble instrument: in the first version of his ballet "Petrushka" (1911), Stravinsky gives a celebrated solo to the cornet; in the 1946 revision he removed cornets from the orchestration and instead assigned the solo to the trumpet.


title: Hyrule Warriors

text: Hyrule Warriors is a hack and slash video game developed by Omega Force and Team Ninja for the Wii U video game console. The game is a collaboration between Koei Tecmo and Nintendo, mixing settings and characters from Nintendo's "The Legend of Zelda" with the gameplay of Koei's "Dynasty Warriors" series. "Hyrule Warriors" was released in Japan in August 2014, and worldwide the following month. It became one of the best-selling games on the Wii U. An updated port, Hyrule Warriors Legends, was released for the Nintendo 3DS in Japan in January 2016 and worldwide in March of the same year. A second enhanced port, Hyrule Warriors: Definitive Edition, was released for the Nintendo Switch in 2018. A successor, "", was released exclusively for the Nintendo Switch in November 2020.


title: Hyrule Warriors

text: "Hyrule Warriors" mixes the hack and slash gameplay of Koei Tecmo's "Dynasty Warriors" series of video games with settings and characters from Nintendo's "The Legend of Zelda" series. Amongst many other characters, the player controls an original iteration of Link in melee combat to take on large numbers of enemies from the "Legend of Zelda" series. While there is a much stronger emphasis on combat than other games in the "Legend of Zelda" series, the player may use common weapons from prior games in the series, such as a sword, bombs, and Link's signature spin attack. Enemy targeting also returns, in combination with elements from the "Dynasty Warriors" combat system. Obtaining items through discovering and opening chests is retained as well.


title: Hyrule Warriors

text: The game has a context-based combat system, in which the player character's abilities change depending on the weapon chosen. Role-playing elements such as weapon and character leveling also appear. Defeating certain enemies gives players weapons bags, which will grant a random weapon to the character, and materials bags, which can be used to power up characters. "Sealed weapons" may also be found in treasure boxes, which increase the types of weapons randomly generated for the player in the field. The game supports an asymmetric local two-player mode with one player using the Wii U GamePad and another using a monitor. The game is also compatible with Amiibo figures, with figures based on "The Legend of Zelda" series unlocking additional content such as new weapons.


title: Hyrule Warriors

text: The main campaign of "Hyrule Warriors", "Legend Mode", allows players to progress through the game's story; these story chapters can be replayed with any character in "Free Mode". Additionally, the game features an "Adventure Mode", in which players explore a map based on that of the original "The Legend of Zelda" and complete specific objectives, such as defeating a certain number of enemies within a time limit or completing a mission with a specific character and weapon. An update released on the game's launch date added "Challenge Mode", which encourages players to collect as many rupees as possible in a set scenario. The in-game Bazaar allows players to forge new weapons, spend rupees to raise characters' levels, create potions to temporarily boost a character's stats in battle, and exchange materials for badges that augment characters' abilities. The game also offers an additional quest to collect 100 Gold Skulltulas, tokens that appear in specific Legend Mode and Adventure Mode levels after defeating enough enemies, which will unlock illustration pieces of the several characters in the game and contribute to upgrading the in-game apothecary.


title: Hyrule Warriors

text: The game is set in Hyrule, outside of the . Long ago, Ganondorf was defeated and his soul splintered into four fragments. Three of them were sealed in different moments in time, while the Master Sword trapped the fourth. Ganondorf plots his resurrection through Cia, a sorceress who protects the balance of the Triforce. Cia becomes fascinated with the spirit of the hero of legend, with her romantic feelings for the hero providing Ganondorf an opportunity to purge her inner light. As a result, Cia becomes consumed in her desires, opening the Gate of Souls, a portal to different time-space realities of Hyrule, to amass an army of monsters. Seeking to unite the Triforce and conquer Hyrule, she uses her subordinates Wizzro and Volga to wage war against Princess Zelda and the Hylian army.


title: Hyrule Warriors

text: As Cia's forces attack Hyrule Castle, Link, a Hyrulian soldier-in-training, rushes out to aid the other troops and discovers he possesses the Triforce of Courage. However, the castle is taken and Princess Zelda is unaccounted for in the aftermath, so Hyrule general Impa asks Link to aid her in finding the princess. While searching, Link and Impa meet Sheik, a Sheikah warrior who claims to know Zelda's whereabouts, and Lana, a sorceress from the same clan as Cia. The group heads to the Valley of Seers hoping to close the Gate of Souls, but Cia traps Link and Sheik, who is revealed as the bearer of the Triforce of Wisdom. Cia steals both Triforce pieces, combines them with her own Triforce of Power, and uses the completed Triforce to open portals in time and space to the resting places of Ganondorf's spirit fragments.


title: Hyrule Warriors

text: To restore Hyrule to normal, Link, Impa, and Lana each lead their own campaign to drive out Cia's armies and close the Gates of Souls in each era. Along the way, they are aided by each time period's native heroes, including Darunia and Princess Ruto from "", Agitha and Midna from "", and Fi from "". During this time, Sheik reveals herself to be Princess Zelda in disguise, and Lana explains that she and Cia were once the same person, with Lana embodying the light Ganondorf purged from Cia's heart. Meanwhile, three of Ganondorf's spirit fragments are released, allowing for his body to be resurrected. No longer needing Cia, he attempts to take the Triforce, but Cia sends Link and Zelda's pieces back to their owners and uses her own piece to lock Ganondorf away.


title: Hyrule Warriors

text: After retrieving the Master Sword, whose power is strengthened by his bonds of friendship, Link prepares to confront Cia, who has been weakened after being abandoned by Wizzro and Volga and using her own life force to strengthen her troops. He defeats her and she fades away, with Lana inheriting her piece of the Triforce. Using the completed Triforce's power, the time-displaced heroes are sent back to their own periods and Hyrule is restored to normal, with Lana once again closing the Gate of Souls. However, due to the Master Sword's removal, the last of Ganondorf's spirit fragments is released, and Ganondorf is fully resurrected, summoning Ghirahim and Zant from across time and space. With their combined efforts, Ganondorf manages to retake all three Triforce pieces from their bearers, using it to strengthen his army and take over Hyrule Castle. Lana summons the heroes from Hyrule's history, and the combined group of heroes defeat Ghirahim and Zant before venturing towards Ganon's Tower. Link manages to defeat Ganondorf, but he uses the Triforce to transform himself into Beast Ganon. With the help of Zelda's light arrows, Link defeats Ganon, and the heroes use the Triforce to seal him away once more. The heroes of the past are returned, Lana resumes watching over the Triforce in Cia's place, and Link and Zelda return the Master Sword to its pedestal to prevent Ganondorf's escape.


title: Hyrule Warriors

text: During Cia's siege on Hyrule Castle, a Cucco farmer named Linkle receives word of the invading army. Believing she is the newest incarnation of the legendary hero, she equips her grandmother's compass and sets off for the castle accompanied by her Cuccos. However, her poor navigational skills causes her to travel in the wrong direction, and she is attacked by Skull Kid, who attempts to steal her compass. During the struggle, Linkle discovers the compass's magical properties and reclaims it, setting off once more. As she continues to get lost, she runs into many of the heroes from Hyrule's past and aids them, such as helping Fi prevent the Imprisoned's summoning, protecting Ruto and Darunia from an ambush by Volga's forces, and briefly restoring Midna to her true form. Finally, she arrives at Hyrule Castle just after Ganon is defeated and assists Impa in protecting it from the remaining monsters. When they are attacked by an invincible Dark King Dodongo, Linkle's compass suddenly reacts and purifies the creature, allowing them to defeat it and drive the monsters off. Linkle joins the celebration with the rest of the army as Link and Zelda return from restoring the Master Sword to its pedestal.


title: Hyrule Warriors

text: Shortly thereafter, an unknown figure attacks Lana and steals the Triforce of Power. At the same time, a new rift is opened and pulls pieces of the landscape into Hyrule, with many of the islands fusing together. At Impa's request, Link goes to the Forsaken Fortress to investigate, where he meets Tetra and aids her in fighting off the gathering monsters. The monsters retreat, but the Helmaroc King abducts Tetra. Link pursues the bird to the Gerudo Desert and rescues Tetra with help from Lana, who arrives to close the open Gates of Souls and find clues as to why Cia vanished. King Daphnes Nohansen Hyrule appears to them and explains that an evil from his and Tetra's world is responsible for the recent events. The four journey to the Temple of Souls, where they are attacked by the forces of a dark impostor of Cia. Lana frees the real Cia from the darkness, who explains her magic was stolen after her defeat by Phantom Ganon, the true mastermind behind the recent events, which had caused her to disappear. The group tracks him to his hideout, a fusion of the Earth and Wind Temples, and defeat him. As he dissipates, Cia's magic is returned to her and the Triforce of Power is released from his body, which Lana returns to Cia. Tetra and the King are returned to their native time, and Cia is brought back to the castle, where she, Link, and Zelda use the Triforce to restore Hyrule to normal. Having made peace with everyone, Cia returns with Lana to the Valley of Seers to watch over the Triforce together.


title: Hyrule Warriors

text: "Hyrule Warriors" was announced in December 2013, in a Nintendo Direct video as a collaboration with Koei Tecmo. As such, Nintendo president Satoru Iwata stated that the game would not be the next main series installment of "The Legend of Zelda", but rather a spin-off from the main series. Long-time "Zelda" producer, Eiji Aonuma, was the supervisor of the title. The concept for "Hyrule Warriors" was first proposed by Team Ninja lead developer Yosuke Hayashi while he and Koei Tecmo executive VP Hisashi Koinuma, who was in charge of the "Warriors" franchise, were discussing a possible "Dynasty Warriors" cross-franchise game with Nintendo. "Zelda" was chosen due to the fact that Hayashi, Koinuma and many staff at the company were fans of the series.


title: Hyrule Warriors

text: When "Warriors" was presented to Eiji Aonuma, Koei Tecmo used their cross-over game "" as an example of how the game would feel. In contrast to previous collaborations, Nintendo was confident in Koei Tecmo's ability to make the game, leading them to have "far more expectations than uncertainties". This confidence was shared by Aonuma, who readily accepted being offered a place in the game's development by Shigeru Miyamoto. Part of the reason behind Aonuma's strong support of "Hyrule Warriors" is an ongoing push by him to break away from many traditions that have become attached to the "Zelda" franchise since its inception. Along with Omega Force, the main developers for the "Dynasty Warriors" series, Hayashi and Koinuma brought in help from Team Ninja, who had developed the "Dead or Alive" series, to help more with one-on-one combat and inject new ideas into the development process. Koei Tecmo's president Yoichi Erikawa said that he hoped "Hyrule Warriors" would appeal to fans of both franchises and go on to sell at least one million copies.


title: Hyrule Warriors

text: "Hyrule Warriors" was publicly displayed at the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2014 with a new trailer, in which Agitha, Lana, and Midna were confirmed as playable characters. Zant and Argorok were also confirmed as boss characters. The game also appeared in playable form for show floor attendees, as part of a Nintendo Treehouse presentation. Over the time span following the E3 announcement, Nintendo has released further information on the game's website, confirming Fi, Ruto, Darunia and Sheik as playable characters, as well as Ghirahim, the Imprisoned and a version of Gohma as boss characters. During a Nintendo Direct presentation in August, Zant and Ghirahim were also confirmed to be playable, alongside the game's main antagonist and final playable character, Ganondorf. A female version of Link was also considered as a potential playable character, but was scrapped during development. Sketches of the female version were included in the "Hyrule Warriors" art book included in the Japanese limited editions of the game and the character grew in popularity shortly afterwards, becoming one of the more widely requested characters during Koei Tecmo's open call for new playable characters in the game's official Twitter. The female version, officially named Linkle, was later announced for "Hyrule Warriors Legends" during the Nintendo Direct web stream in November 2015. Former Nintendo character writer Chris Pranger stated that Linkle was the last character he wrote for before leaving Nintendo.


title: Hyrule Warriors

text: "Hyrule Warriors" relationship to the "Zelda" franchise is classified in a few different ways. Iwata himself has called the game a "Zelda spin-off", and Nintendo's own website directly refers to both "Hyrule Warriors" and "Hyrule Warriors: Legends" as "The Legend of Zelda Games". "" grouped it in with other games with Zelda content in it, such as "Super Smash Bros.", "Soul Calibur II", and "Sonic Lost World". The game's placement within the "Zelda" chronology has been described by Anouma as "not in the universe but connected to the timeline" and that, "there is a link between the two, but it exists as a separate dimension, so it doesn't exist as part of the main canon".


title: Hyrule Warriors

text: The game was first released in Japan on August 14, 2014, and was available in both regular and special editions. The first special edition, the "Premium Box", features a copy of the game, an art book, a Triforce-shaped clock and two extra costumes for the character. The second special edition, called the "Treasure Box", adds a third costume, a scarf resembling Link's in the game and a miniature treasure chest accessory. A special edition featuring the game and Link's Warrior scarf was released in Europe and Australia.


title: Hyrule Warriors

text: Three costume packs were available as downloadable content (DLC) for those who pre-ordered the game at specific retailers. Each of these gave Link and Zelda one additional costume based on their appearances in a prior "Legend of Zelda" title, including "Ocarina of Time", "Twilight Princess" and "Skyward Sword". Players who registered the game on Club Nintendo within the first month of release received costumes for Ganondorf based on "Ocarina of Time" and "Twilight Princess". These DLC packs were later made available for purchase via the Nintendo eShop in December 2014. Players who use the Link or Toon Link Amiibo figures with "Hyrule Warriors" will also unlock the Spinner weapon from "Twilight Princess" for Link, while scanning other figures will grant the player random equipment or items, with figures based on "The Legend of Zelda" granting higher-tier rewards. A free update that adds Cia, Volga, and Wizzro as playable characters was released in October 2014. The game has since received a series of free updates that add several other features, such as a higher level cap, new character and weapon skins, and additional challenges. An additional "Classic Tunic" costume for Link based on the original "The Legend of Zelda" was distributed for free in celebration of "Hyrule Warriors Legends" announcement.


title: Hyrule Warriors

text: Additionally, four DLC packs were released in the months following the game's launch. The first DLC bundle, the " Pack", was released in October 2014. This bundle included a new "Cia's Tale" story campaign, alternate Guardian of Time costumes for Lana and Cia, Epona as a weapon for Link, 16 unlockable character re-color costumes, and most notably, a second map for Adventure Mode. The second bundle, the "Twilight Princess Pack", was released in November, and added Twili Midna as a playable character, the Dominion Rod weapon for Zelda, Ilia and Postman costumes for Zelda and Link respectively, 16 unlockable character re-color costumes, and a third Adventure Map. The third bundle, the "Majora's Mask Pack", was released in February 2015 and added Tingle and Young Link as playable characters, a Skull Kid costume for Lana, "Ocarina of Time" costumes for Sheik and Impa, 16 unlockable mask-based costumes and a fourth Adventure map. The final bundle, the "Boss Pack", was released in February in Japan and March in North America and added two new modes: "Boss Challenge", in which players fight multiple boss enemies at once, and "Ganon's Fury", in which players can play certain challenges as final boss Ganon, with a playable giant Cucco for Ganon's Fury and 5 new re-color costumes as rewards. Players who purchased all four packs received an exclusive Dark Link costume.


title: Hyrule Warriors

text: Throughout the year 2016, four new DLC packs for the Wii U and Nintendo 3DS versions of the game were released, containing additional Adventure Mode maps, characters, costumes, and more. The Wii U version received all packs except for the first one. The packs could be purchased individually or as part of a season pass. The first pack, the "Master Wind Waker Pack", added a "Master Quest" version of the Great Sea Adventure Map for the 3DS version. Medli, from "", was released as a free downloadable character for both versions to coincide with the release of the Master Wind Waker Pack. The second pack, based on "", was released on June 30 in Japan, Europe and North America. The pack added Marin as a playable character and a Boots weapon for Linkle on both versions, and a new Adventure Map for the 3DS version. The third pack, the "" and "" pack, was released on September 1. The pack included the playable character Toon Zelda and a Sand Wand weapon for Toon Link on both versions, and an additional Adventure Map for 3DS. The final DLC pack, the "" pack was released on October 31. It contained a final Adventure Mode map for the 3DS version, as well as Ravio and Yuga as the final playable characters for both versions of the game. Players who purchased the season pass received an exclusive Ganondorf costume based on his appearance in "The Wind Waker".


title: Hyrule Warriors

text: A port of the game for the Nintendo 3DS, "Hyrule Warriors Legends" ("Zelda Musou: Hyrule All-Stars" in Japan), was announced at Nintendo's Digital Event at E3 2015. The port includes all previously released DLC, features the ability to switch characters on the fly (utilizing the same real-time character switching mechanic from ""), and adds two new story chapters: one based around new character Linkle, and one featuring characters and environments from "" that serves as an epilogue. Tetra, King Daphnes and Toon Link, all from "The Wind Waker", along with Skull Kid from "Majora's Mask" and the original character Linkle, the aforementioned girl who resembles Link, appear as new playable characters. The game features a new "My Fairy" system and an additional Adventure Mode map inspired by "The Wind Waker", as well as more costumes and a new Trident weapon for Ganondorf. Players who purchased the 3DS version received a download code to add the new characters and weapon to the Wii U version. Due to hardware limitations, the game only supports autostereoscopic 3D on the New Nintendo 3DS. The port was released in Japan in January 2016, and released internationally in March.


title: Hyrule Warriors

text: A Nintendo Switch port under the name "Hyrule Warriors: Definitive Edition" ("Zelda Musou: Hyrule All-Stars DX" in Japan) was released in Japan in March 2018, and worldwide in May. The port includes all the content and DLC from the Wii U and Nintendo 3DS releases, as well as new costumes for Link and Zelda based on their appearances in "".


title: Hyrule Warriors

text: "Hyrule Warriors" was met with a generally positive reception and holds an average critic score of 76 out of 100 on Metacritic, indicating "generally favorable reviews" based on 81 reviews. Critics generally praised all the references to the "Legend of Zelda" universe, while others enjoyed the combination of the two franchises although some criticized the repetition of the fighting formula. Miguel Concepcion of GameSpot praised the "delightful "Legend of Zelda" fan service from beginning to end" while still managing to be "a fine "Dynasty Warriors" spin-off in its own right". Jim Sterling of "The Escapist" praised the great variety compared to other "Warriors" titles, noting the "meaty combat system" and different styles between each playable character, calling the game "a mad idea that should logically get old after an hour, but never does", while Chris Carter of "Destructoid" called the amount of fan service "staggering" and being particularly favorable towards the cooperative gameplay modes. Kyle Hilliard of "Game Informer" stated that Team Ninja did a far better job on collaborating with Nintendo on "Hyrule Warriors" than they had on their last title, "", stating that the game "isn't a true "Zelda" game, but there’s plenty here for "Zelda" fans to enjoy". Jose Otero of IGN also enjoyed the cross-over, in what he states "makes me feel powerful in a world I love", yet in contrast noted an issue with cooperative play, particularly with the player using the Wii U GamePad such as a lower resolution and slow down.


title: Hyrule Warriors

text: Lorenzo Veloria of "GamesRadar" however was less favorable of the gameplay ties to the "Warriors" series that despite "brilliant Zelda fan-service" called the combat "unimaginative" and repetitive, while Dan Ryckert of "Giant Bomb" felt that the mission variety was "basic" and full of "mindless slashing" The review for GameTrailers concluded that "your long term enjoyment of this game boils down to how much you like "Dynasty Warriors", or hack-and-slash games in general". By contrast, Simon Parkin of "Eurogamer" felt that "Warriors" gameplay is "often unfairly criticized", before going on to state that compared to previous titles "Hyrule Warriors" rewards thoughtful play and demands a strategic approach that transcends the brute force combo-strings of its moment-to-moment gameplay.


title: Hyrule Warriors

text: All four "Famitsu" reviewers awarded "Hyrule Warriors" a score of 9 out of 10, for a total score of 36/40.


title: Hyrule Warriors

text: The game sold 69,090 copies, or 57% of its shipment, on the first week of its release in Japan. However "Hyrule Warriors" was more successful in the West, selling 190,000 units in its first weekend in North America. The overseas success of the title surprised Koei Tecmo, since it had sold beyond their expectations. In January 2015, Koei Tecmo announced that the game had shipped one million copies.


title: Hyrule Warriors

text: In October 2018, a financial report published by Koei Tecmo revealed that the Nintendo Switch port sold more than expected outside Japan, despite not revealing sales figures. As of 2018, the game has sold 58,581 copies in Japan.


title: Hyrule Warriors

text: Another "Hyrule Warriors" game, "Age of Calamity", was released on November 20, 2020 for the Nintendo Switch. The game acts as the prequel to the events of "".


title: Cardiff University

text: Cardiff University () is a public research university in Cardiff, Wales. It was established in 1883 as the University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire and became a founding college of the University of Wales in 1893. It merged with the University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology (UWIST) in 1988 as the University of Wales College, Cardiff (University of Wales, Cardiff, from 1996). In 1997 it received degree-awarding powers, but held them in abeyance. It adopted the operating name of Cardiff University in 1999; this became its legal name in 2005, when it became an independent university awarding its own degrees.


title: Cardiff University

text: Cardiff University is the only Welsh member of the Russell Group of research-intensive British universities. Academics and alumni of the university have included three heads of state or government, two Nobel Prize winners, 15 fellows of the Royal Society, 11 fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering, seven fellows of the British Academy, 21 fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences and 34 fellows of the Academy of Social Sciences.


title: Cardiff University

text: Cardiff University is the third oldest university in Wales and contains three colleges: Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences; Biomedical and Life Sciences; and Physical Sciences and Engineering.


title: Cardiff University

text: In 2018–2019, Cardiff had a turnover of £537.1 million, including £116.0 million in research grants and contracts. It has an undergraduate enrolment of and a total enrolment of (according to HESA data for ) making it one of the ten largest UK universities. The Cardiff University Students' Union works to promote student interests in the university and further afield.


title: Cardiff University

text: Discussions on the founding of a university college in South Wales began in 1879, when a group of Welsh and English MPs urged the government to consider the poor provision of higher and intermediate education in Wales and "the best means of assisting any local effort which may be made for supplying such deficiency."


title: Cardiff University

text: In October 1881, William Ewart Gladstone's government appointed a departmental committee to conduct "an enquiry into the nature and extent of intermediate and higher education in Wales", chaired by Lord Aberdare and consisting of Viscount Emlyn, Reverend Prebendary H. G. Robinson, Henry Richard, John Rhys and Lewis Morris. The Aberdare Report, as it came to be known, took evidence from a wide range of sources and over 250 witnesses and recommended a college each for North Wales and South Wales, the latter to be located in Glamorgan and the former to be the established "University College of Wales" in Aberystwyth (now Aberystwyth University). The committee cited the unique Welsh national identity and noted that many students in Wales could not afford to travel to University in England or Scotland. It advocated a national degree-awarding university for Wales, composed of regional colleges, which should be non-sectarian in nature and exclude the teaching of theology.


title: Cardiff University

text: After the recommendation was published, Cardiff Corporation sought to secure the location of the college in Cardiff, and on 12 December 1881 formed a University College Committee to aid the matter. There was competition to be the site between Swansea and Cardiff. On 12 March 1883, after arbitration, a decision was made in Cardiff's favour. This was strengthened by the need to consider the interests of Monmouthshire, at that time not legally incorporated into Wales, and the greater sum received by Cardiff in support of the college, through a public appeal that raised £37,000 and a number of private donations, notably from the Lord Bute and Lord Windsor. In April Lord Aberdare was appointed as the college's first president. The possible locations considered included Cardiff Arms Park, Cathedral Road, and Moira Terrace, Roath, before the site of the Old Royal Infirmary buildings on Newport Road was chosen.


title: Cardiff University

text: The "University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire" opened on 24 October 1883 with courses in Biology, Chemistry, English, French, German, Greek, History, Latin, Mathematics and Astronomy, Music, Welsh, Logic and Philosophy, and Physics. It was incorporated by Royal Charter the following year, this being the first in Wales to allow the enrolment of women, and specifically forbidding religious tests for entry. John Viriamu Jones was appointed as the university's first principal at the age of 27. As Cardiff was not an independent university and could not award its own degrees, it prepared its students for examinations of the University of London or for further study at Oxford or Cambridge.


title: Cardiff University

text: In 1888 the University College at Cardiff and that of North Wales (now Bangor University) proposed to the University College Wales at Aberystwyth joint action to gain a university charter for Wales, modelled on that of Victoria University, a confederation of new universities in Northern England. Such a charter was granted to the new University of Wales in 1893, allowing the colleges to award degrees as members. The Chancellor was set "ex officio" as the Prince of Wales, and the position of operational head would rotate among heads of the colleges.


title: Cardiff University

text: In 1885, Aberdare Hall opened as the first hall of residence, allowing women access to the university. This moved to its current site in 1895, but remains a single-sex hall. In 1904 came the appointment of the first female associate professor in the UK, Millicent Mackenzie, who in 1910 became the first female full professor at a fully chartered UK university.


title: Cardiff University

text: In 1901 Principal Jones persuaded Cardiff Corporation to give the college a five-acre site in Cathays Park (instead of selling it as they would have done otherwise). Soon after, in 1905, work on a new building commenced under the architect W. D. Caröe. Money ran short for the project, however. Although the side-wings were completed in the 1960s, the planned Great Hall has never been built. Caroe sought to combine the charm and elegance of his former (Trinity College, Cambridge) with the picturesque balance of many Oxford colleges. On 14 October 1909 the "New College" building in Cathays Park (now Main Building) was opened in a ceremony involving a procession from the "Old College" in Newport Road.


title: Cardiff University

text: In 1931, the School of Medicine, founded as part of the college in 1893 along with the Departments of Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, Pharmacology, was split off to form the Welsh National School of Medicine, which was renamed in 1984 the University of Wales College of Medicine.


title: Cardiff University

text: In 1988, University College Cardiff underwent financial difficulties, and a declaration of insolvency was considered. This led to a merger with the University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology (UWIST), to form the "University of Wales College of Cardiff". The Principal of the new institution was Sir Aubrey Trotman-Dickenson, who had been the principal of UWIST. After changes to the constitution in 1996, its name was changed to the "University of Wales, Cardiff".


title: Cardiff University

text: In the early 1990s, the university's computer systems served as the home for The Internet Movie Database.


title: Cardiff University

text: In 1997, the college was granted full independent degree-awarding powers by the Privy Council, though, as a member of the University of Wales it could not begin using them, and in 1999 the public name of the university was changed to Cardiff University.


title: Cardiff University

text: In 2002, ideas were floated to merge Cardiff again with the University of Wales College of Medicine, after publication of the Welsh Assembly Government's review of higher education in Wales. This merger became effective on 1 August 2004, when Cardiff University ceased to be a constituent of the University of Wales and became an independent "link institution" affiliated to the federal university. The process of the merger was completed on 1 December 2004, when the Act of Parliament transferring UWCM's assets to Cardiff University received Royal Assent. On 17 December it was announced that the Privy Council had given approval to the new Supplemental Charter and had granted university status to Cardiff, legally changing the name of the institution to Cardiff University. Cardiff awarded University of Wales degrees to students admitted before 2005, but these have been replaced by Cardiff degrees.


title: Cardiff University

text: In 2005, Wales College of Medicine, as part of the university, launched the North Wales Clinical School in Wrexham, in collaboration with the North East Wales Institute of Higher Education in Wrexham, the University of Wales, Bangor, and the National Health Service in Wales. This received funds of £12.5 million from the Welsh Assembly and trebled the number of trainee doctors in clinical training in Wales over a four-year period.


title: Cardiff University

text: The university also has a popular Centre for Lifelong Learning, which has been teaching a wide range of courses for over 125 years. However, in July 2009, the university announced it was ending over 250 humanities courses at the centre, making over 100 staff redundant. The university has since reintroduced a number of humanities courses for a trial period beginning in 2010.


title: Cardiff University

text: In June 2010, the university launched three new research institutes, each offering a new approach to a major modern research issue. The Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute and the Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute are housed in the purpose-built Hadyn Ellis Building, and in the Sustainable Places Research Institute. Another part of the Science and Development Campus, the Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), opened in June 2016 for neuroimaging research.


title: Cardiff University

text: The university's academic facilities are centred around Cathays Park in central Cardiff, which contains the university's grade II* listed main building, housing administrative facilities and the science library, previously called the Drapers' library; the grade II listed Bute building, which contains the Welsh School of Architecture, the grade I listed Glamorgan building, which houses the Cardiff Schools of Planning and Geography and Social Sciences, the Redwood Building (named in 1979 after the Redwood Family of Boverton near Llantwit Major by a 1978 suggestion by J. D. R. Thomas), which houses the School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; the law building which houses the Cardiff Law School; and the biosciences building, which provides facilities for both biosciences and medical teaching. The School of Engineering, School of Computer Science and Informatics and School of Physics and Astronomy are located in the Queen's Buildings, off Newport Road, and the School of Journalism, Media and Culture at 2 Central Square.


title: Cardiff University

text: A number of university academic facilities are located at the Heath Park campus, based at the University Hospital of Wales. This covers the Cardiff University School of Medicine, the School of Dentistry, the School of Healthcare Sciences, and the School of Optometry and Vision Sciences.


title: Cardiff University

text: Most of the university's sports facilities are located at the sports training village in the Talybont Halls complex. This includes facilities for football, badminton, basketball, tennis, hockey and gym. Additional gym facilities and squash courts are located at the university fitness and squash centre, near the city centre campus at Cathays Park. Extensive playing fields for Rugby, football and lacrosse are located at the university playing fields near Llanrumney. The university also utilises the nearby Millennium Stadium for rugby fixtures such as the annual varsity tournament.


title: Cardiff University

text: The 26 academic schools of the university are divided into three colleges: Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences; Biomedical and Life Sciences; and Physical Sciences.


title: Cardiff University

text: Cardiff also has a Doctoral Academy, that brings together the work of four previous discipline-based Graduate Schools and the postgraduate research activity of the university's Graduate Centre.


title: Cardiff University

text: In the financial year ended 31 July 2012, Cardiff University had a total net income of £425.54 million. Key sources of income included £87.65 million from research grants and contracts, £117.36 million from Funding Council grants, £123.84 million from tuition fees and support grants and £3.17 million from endowment and investment income. During the 2011/12 financial year Cardiff had a capital expenditure of £14.29 million.


title: Cardiff University

text: Cardiff has two Nobel Laureates on its staff, Sir Martin Evans and Robert Huber. A number of Cardiff University staff have been elected as Fellows of the Royal Society, these include Graham Hutchings FRS, professor of Physical Chemistry and Director of the Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Ole Holger Petersen, MRC Professor and Director of Cardiff School of Biosciences. and John M. Pearce, Professor of Psychology.


title: Cardiff University

text: In 2013, Cardiff University was ranked as one of the best UK universities for supporting LGBT students, by the charity Stonewall in its annual "Gay by Degree" guide. The university was one of only two in the UK and the only one in Wales to achieve top marks in a Stonewall checklist of priorities for LGBT+ students.