title: Dornier Do 17

text: The prototypes for the M-1 series were Do 17M V1 (Werk Nr 691) and Do 17M V2 ("Werk Nr" 692) which were tested with bomb loads of a medium bomber. The third prototype, Do 17M V3 was evaluated as a fast bomber. The M V1 was fitted with two Daimler Benz DB 601 inline engines while the M V2 and M V3 had the Bramo 323 A and D respectively. The Ministry of Aviation favoured the widespread use of the DB 601, but demand for the DB 601s in fighter aircraft and the lack of production forced the use of the Bramo.


title: Dornier Do 17

text: The Do 17 M-1 started its service as a medium bomber and was able to carry of bombs. It was equipped with two air-cooled Bramo 323 A-1 or A-2. The defensive armament consisted of two, and later three, MG 15 machine guns. The first was operated in an A-Stand pod operated by the navigator through the windshield. The position was allocated 370 rounds of ammunition. The rearward firing B-Stand was operated by the radio operator and allocated 750 rounds. The rear position in the lower fuselage was allocated 375 rounds in a C-Stand pod. The Do 17M could carry a bomb load of either 20 SC50 or two SC250 bombs or 10 SC50 and a single SC250 bomb. The speed of the M was superior to that of the E variant. The Do 17M could reach at altitudes of and could achieve a maximum service ceiling of and a range of .


title: Dornier Do 17

text: Reconnaissance aircraft based on the M-1, the under-surfaces of the wing were covered with duralumin and it had a wider engine axis and longer engine nacelles. The demand for a reconnaissance aircraft based on the M-1 led to the development of the P-1 variant.


title: Dornier Do 17

text: The L version would not be able to enter production with the DB 600 owing to its use in the Bf 109, and the Bramo engine was rather thirsty on fuel and left the M models with too short a range for reconnaissance use. BMW 132N radials of 865 PS were selected instead, which had lower fuel consumption for better range. Another two prototypes with DB 600 engines were produced as the Do 17R-0, but did not enter production. During reconnaissance missions the P-1 was armed with four MG 15s in the A, B and C—Stands. One machine gun was located in the rear of the cockpit, another in the lower rear "Bola" mount, one facing forward through the windscreen and the other in the nose glazing. In earlier variants the B-Stand (the gun position in the upper rear cockpit) was open to the elements, but the P-1 now provided an enclosed bulb-shaped mount protecting the radio operator from the weather.


title: Dornier Do 17

text: The P variant had similar features to the Do 17M-1, with added blind flying and camera equipment for reconnaissance work. The Do 17P-1 was powered by two BMW 132N radial engines with a maximum performance of 865 PS ( each. The machine was fitted with several radio variations. The FuG IIIaU radio ("Funkgerät"), the PeilG V direction finder (PeilG - "Peilgerät") and the FuBI 1 radio blind-landing device (FuBI - "Funkblindlandegerät"). The crew of three communicated with each other via the EiV intercom (EiV -"Eigenverständigungsanlage"). The P-1 was equipped with either Rb 20/30 and Rb 50/30 or Rb 20/18 and Rb 50/18 cameras. The P-1/trop was fitted with filters and protection for the cameras. The cameras were controlled remotely by the crew from the cockpit.


title: Dornier Do 17

text: Due to a shortage of night fighters, at least one Do 17P-1 was assigned to this role. A smooth metal sheet was installed in place of its glass nose and it was armed with three MG 151/20 cannons. The machine operated under "Luftflotte" 1.


title: Dornier Do 17

text: The Do 17P-2 was identical to the P-1, with the additional installation of an ETC 500 bomb rack under the fuselage. These aircraft were designed for night reconnaissance. It is assumed that Dornier converted most, if not all, P-2 models from existing P-1 production aircraft.


title: Dornier Do 17

text: Unlike the P-2, the Do 17R-1 did not see series production. The experiences of the Spanish Civil War proved that unarmed aircraft were easy prey for fighter aircraft. The R-1 was to be a fast long-range reconnaissance aircraft with two additional fuel cells inside the fuselage aft of the bomb bay. Two variants were suggested, the first (variant I) had a single Rb 50/30 and two Rb 20/30 cameras, while variant II had a third fuel cell to replace the rear Rb 20/30. The aircraft had a gross weight of but could be overloaded to in emergencies. The crew usually numbered three, but a fourth was added depending on the missions to be flown. To achieve a high performance at increased altitudes two DB 600 Gs were to be used. The power plants were tested in the Do 17R V1 prototype registered D-ABEE. The second, the R V2, registered D-ATJU, received the even more powerful DB 601 Aa engines. The power plant of the R-1s that did exist are not known.


title: Dornier Do 17

text: The lessons from the Spanish Civil War had led Dornier's designers to incorporate more defensive machine guns. Battles with Soviet-built fighter aircraft had demonstrated that the Dornier was not as fast and invulnerable as was first thought. To cope with this, a completely new pod-like cockpit was designed to give the crew more room and better visibility. The roof was extended upward over the line of the fuselage, sloping down to meet it just in front of the wing. The dorsal gun was moved to the rear of the pod where it had a considerably better field of fire. Likewise, the floor was dropped under the fuselage as a "Bola" casemate-style defensive armament emplacement, and the ventral gun moved to the back of the "Bola", allowing it to fire directly to the rear. The changes in the roof and floor made the whole front of the aircraft much larger. The rest of the airframe remained the same. The new cockpit design was nicknamed "Kampfkopf" (German: "battle head").


title: Dornier Do 17

text: Three S variant prototypes with the DB 600 G inline engines were tested. The S-01 (designation D-AFFY), 03 and 04 were flown. The inverted V-12 engines were constructed as the Do 17 S-0 reconnaissance version, but it did not go into production. An additional 15 Do 17 U-1 pathfinder models were built, similar to the S-0 but adding another crewman (taking the total to five) to operate the extra radio equipment. The U models were to fly ahead of other bombers on night missions, using the radio equipment to locate the target and drop flares on it. They were personally requested by KG 100 as experimental models for this role. The U-1 had a maximum speed of and a combat ceiling of . The U-1 had a cruising speed of and a maximum reachable height of , owing to the "rather low performance of the Bramo 323 A-1 engines". The three prototypes (U-01 - U-03) and twelve production aircraft were built by 1938.


title: Dornier Do 17

text: The Dornier Do 17Z series was the most recognised and mass-produced variant, and saw more combat service than the E-U types. The type was modified as a result of combat experience during the Spanish Civil War. The forward fuselage was redesigned, with the cockpit area being "dropped", or extended further to enable a rear firing gunner position to be installed, and the canopy extended aft, until it was nearly parallel with the leading edge and wing root.


title: Dornier Do 17

text: To test the design, the Do 17S and Do 17U were produced, both to be powered by the DB 600 power plants. However, a call for all DB 600 series engines to be reserved for fighters led to the variants being fitted with Bramo Fafnir 323 A radial engines. The bomb load was increased to and a fourth crew member was added. It proved to be underpowered, so Bramo 323 P engines were then fitted. Only three Do 17S and 15 Do 17Us were built. With the updates, the Dornier, with a full bomb load, had a combat radius of . Later variants, in the Do 17 Z-3, Z-4 and Z-5, which were fitted with cameras, dual trainer controls and flotation aids (for maritime operations) respectively, still could not solve the problems with range and bomb load.


title: Dornier Do 17

text: At first, a batch of Z-0s were built with the Fafnir for testing, the DB 600 again proving to be too hard to obtain. These were quickly replaced with the Z-1 model, which added another gun for the bombardier, but the additional weight of the nose and guns meant the bomb load was reduced to . The Luftwaffe, not being satisfied with the test outcome of the Z series, immediately ordered performance and design studies to increase the overall performance of the bomber. These resulted in very optimistic speeds and altitudes for all future Z variants, especially for the Z-5 aircraft. Planned performance altitudes of up to at a maximum speed of with an aircraft weight of were planned. Unfortunately, production aircraft never reached these optimistic performances during the service career of the Do 17Z. At , the heavy Do 17Z-1 used two Bramo 323 A-1 engines with self-sealing fuel cells in the fuselage and wings. The crew of four consumed approximately 20 bottles of oxygen during long flights above . The Do 17Z-1 had a speed of at . However, the performance of the Bramo 323s did not permit the Do 17 to reach at and level flight when fully loaded. Range of the Z-1 at ground level was while at this increased to . This gave an average range of . The introduction of the Bramo 323P increased subsequent performance in the following sub variants.


title: Dornier Do 17

text: This was addressed in the major production model, the Do 17 Z-2. The Z-2 mounted the new 323P-1 version of the Fafnir with , which was specifically tuned to the performance needs of the Do 17 by decreasing supercharger power at lower altitudes and thus improving low-level performance. The increase in takeoff power allowed the bomb load to be increased from . However the combat range with a full bomb load was a very short . The armament was further upgraded by adding another pair of guns firing out of the sides of the upper part of the pod, but as the three guns were all fired by a single gunner, only one of them could be fired at a time. From May 1940, 422 Do 17 Z-2s flew with "Kampfgeschwader 2", "Kampfgeschwader 3", "Kampfgeschwader 76" and "Kampfgeschwader 77". The upgrades of the Z-2 had its overall weight increased from . After heavy losses of Do 17s during the Battle of Britain it was decided to replace the MG FF cannon with the more powerful MG 151/15. Losses had mounted in spite of an increase of up to eight machine guns in some Dorniers.


title: Dornier Do 17

text: The Z-3 formed part of the bomber versions of the Z series, it was, however, also used as a reconnaissance aircraft by the staff flight of the particular unit. The engines and the general equipment were identical to the Z-2 standard; however two cameras — the Rb 50/30 and Rb 20/30 - were incorporated into the crew entry hatch. A handheld camera was issued to the crew to validate the success during bombing missions. Autopilot equipment was added later. The Z-2 and Z-3 were identical visually, and could only be distinguished from each other by the altered crew hatch on the Z-3. Owing to spacing problems because of the added camera equipment, the ammunition supply was reduced from 44 to 42 magazines. The power plant of the Z-3 was upgraded to the Bramo 323P-2. The Bramo P-2 remained the engine of all the remaining Z series variants.


title: Dornier Do 17

text: The Z-4 was designed as trainer. Although nearly identical to the Z-2 and Z-3, it featured several equipment changes optimised for blind flying training. The four-seat aircraft had a single control column with dual steering, which was achieved by a jib protruding to the right. Rudder pedals were in front of both seats. The defensive armament and bomb racks were reduced, or in most cases omitted to reduce weight.


title: Dornier Do 17

text: The Z-5 was similar to the Z-3 with a weight of . Designed as an anti-shipping aircraft, the Z-5, was fitted with flotation cells in the fuselage and engine nacelles in case it was forced down on water. Usually the flotation devices took the form of inflatable bags stored in the rear of the engine nacelles and in bulges on either side of the nose, just behind the front glazing.


title: Dornier Do 17

text: Later variants of the Z model were developed. The Z-6 was to be a reconnaissance aircraft, although it was only built as a prototype. During the war only a few were converted from existing combat variants. The type was selected for weather check flights. It was identical to the Z-1/Z-2 variants, but offensive armament was omitted and extra fuel cells fitted. This increased the fuel load to 2,890 L (578 imperial gallons). As flights required higher altitude, the oxygen supply was increased from 20 to 24 bottles. For long-range flights over water, the larger dinghy of the Z-5 with its updated emergency escape equipment was mandatory during operations. The Z-6s were also used for night fighter operations. Some of the few converted Z-6s had the Ju 88C-6 nose installed and were equipped with machine guns and cannons. The nose proved to be unsatisfactory, and it was redesigned. In the tip of the new nose was an infrared spotlight which was soon made redundant after the introduction of Lichtenstein radar which was fitted to some of the Z-6.


title: Dornier Do 17

text: The Z-8 "Geier" was not produced. It was intended as a ground attack aircraft and reached the first planning phase but was given up due to lack of performance and protective armour allocation against anti-aircraft artillery. An increase in armour would have meant a decrease in speed which would have exposed the aircraft further to enemy fire.


title: Dornier Do 17

text: The Z-9, which was fitted with special bomb release equipment, and delayed release gear for low-level attack missions. Its purpose was to suppress enemy air defences. Therefore, it was designed to fly over anti-aircraft positions and drop Butterfly Bombs, an early form of cluster bomb munitions. This could only be done with air superiority, as the Z-9 was unarmoured. The airframe and equipment was identical to the Z-1/Z-2 version. Only the bomb bay was altered to accommodate 16 bomb-dispenser systems. The maximum weight of the Z-9 was . The design did not reach serial production.


title: Dornier Do 17

text: After bomber production ended in 1940, the Z model was modified with a "solid" nose from the Ju 88C, fitted with one 20 mm MG FF cannon and three 7.92 mm (.312 in) MG 17 machine guns, to be used as night fighters. Three prototypes were converted from existing Z-series airframes to the Do 17 Z-7 Kauz I ("screech-owl") configuration. The standard Z-7 was fitted with Bramo 323P-1 radial engines and had a crew of three airmen. In comparison to the standard bomber version, the fuel load arrangement was altered by subdividing into cells. Two cells were in the wings, with a capacity of 770 litres (154 imperial gallons) each. A third cell was placed in the bomb bay within the main fuselage, having a capacity of 895 litres (179 imperial gallons). The oxygen supply for the three man crew was reduced to nine bottles, as intercepts at high altitudes were not anticipated. Add-on armour in the form of heavy steel plates was bolted to the nose bulkhead to protect the crew against frontal fire. Originally, it was planned to completely armour the crew compartment. This idea, was given up again as the increased weight would have reduced flight performance of an already slow aircraft. The ammunition loads for the three 7.92 mm MG 17s amounted to 3,000 rounds and 400 rounds of ammunition for the 20 mm MG 151 cannon (although some Do 17Z bombers carried a single 20 mm for ground attack missions).


title: Dornier Do 17

text: Later, the design was further modified to the Do 17 Z-10 Kauz II, the solid nose now containing an infrared searchlight for the "Spanner Anlage" infrared detection system. The infrared lamp in the nose was used to illuminate the target while the display unit in the windshield made the reflection visible to the pilot. The Z-10 was armed with four 7.92 mm (.312 in) MG 17 machine guns grouped above the IR light and two 20 mm MG FF in the lower nose. The crew could reload the 20 mm cannons' drum magazines internally. The Z-10 contained an IR searchlight ("Spanner-Anlage") for the Spanner infrared detection system. A single "Kauz II" was equipped with and tested the Lichtenstein radar.


title: Dornier Do 17

text: Only 10 of these Kauz II designs were converted from existing Z-series airframes. The "Spanner" system proved to be essentially useless and many Z-10 were left without any detection system. At least one Z-10, coded CD+PV, was used as a flying test bed to help developing the early low-UHF band B/C version of the Lichtenstein radar system in late 1941–1942. When the Z-10 was stripped of all non-night fighter equipment, it had a maximum weight of . Armament fit was similar to that of the Z-7, with an added MG 17 and an additional 1,000 rounds of ammunition in the nose section. Defensive gun positions included the B and C stand, each equipped with a single MG 15.


title: Dornier Do 17

text: Official figures state 2,139 Do 17s were built on German assembly lines. At the Dornier factory at Oberpfaffenhofen, 328 Do 17Es were built along with a further 77 Do 17Fs and 200 Do 17M variants. Do 17Z production figures for Oberpfaffenhofen stand at 420. At Friedrichshafen, 84 Do 17Ks were built, some of which were sold to the Yugoslav Royal Air Force. Do 17P production was spread out over different factory lines. At Siebel/Halle, eight were built. At the Henschel factory at Berlin-Schönefeld 73 were constructed. At the HFB plant in Hamburg 149 were built. Henschel also produced some 320 Do 17Zs, HFB contributed to construction of 74 at its Hamburg plant, and another 73 were built at Siebel. Some 105 examples of the Dornier Do 215B was later built at Oberpfaffenhofen.


title: Dornier Do 17

text: By 19 September 1938, the Luftwaffe had received 579 Dornier Do 17s. These were mostly Do 17E, F, M and P variants.


title: Dornier Do 17

text: During 1939–1940, some 475 Dornier Do 17Z bombers, 16 reconnaissance aircraft and nine night fighters were built. Another 100 Dornier Do 215s, an updated variant of the Do 17, were built during this period also.


title: Dornier Do 17

text: Other governments were interested in the Do 17. In June 1936, the Yugoslav government ordered 36 Do 17E variants from Germany. The negotiations for a licence were completed on 27 June 1938 for 36 Do 17Ka's at the cost of . On 18 March 1938, Yugoslavia ordered 16 complete Do 17 Ka-2's and Ka-3's at a cost of . They received the last on 21 April 1939. The machines were from 72 to 96% complete.


title: Dornier Do 17

text: The Dorniers were devoid of German equipment, including engines. The Yugoslavs found a French manufacturer to supply the powerplants instead. Gnome et Rhône was the supplier chosen, and the Gnome-Rhône Mistral Major engine was to be used in the Dornier. The French had inflated the performance data of the engine, claiming it to have and a speed of at . The constant-speed propellers were also poor, and delivered late. This led to trials with Piaggio Aero and Ratier propellers.


title: Dornier Do 17

text: Only one of the Do 17s delivered was fitted out complete with German equipment. The rest of the Dorniers were equipped with Belgian FN 7.9 mm (.31 in) machine guns, Czech camera equipment and eventually Telefunken radio sets. Altogether, 70 Do 17s were produced by Yugoslav factories.


title: Dornier Do 17

text: Until 2007 none of the Dornier twin-engined bomber variants were thought to have survived intact, but various large relics of the Do 17 and Do 215 are held by public museums and private collectors. In September 2007 a Do 215 B-5 (variant of Do 17Z) was found largely intact in the shallow waters off Waddenzee in the Netherlands.


title: Dornier Do 17

text: On 3 September 2010, the RAF Museum announced that a Do 17 had been discovered in of water off the coast of England. The aircraft had been discovered in September 2008 on the Goodwin Sands, a large sandbank off the coast of Kent, but the discovery was kept a closely guarded secret. The Dornier Do 17Z-2, "Werknummer" 1160, built under license by Henschel with the full "Geschwaderkennung" (combat wing aircraft ID code) of 5K+AR, was operated by 7 "Staffel", III "Gruppe", "Kampfgeschwader" 3 (KG 3).


title: Dornier Do 17

text: On 26 August 1940, "5K+AR" was taking part in a raid by KG 2 and KG 3, targeting the RAF stations RAF Debden and RAF Hornchurch. While flying over clouds, the aircraft became separated from the bomber formation and lost its bearings; it was then attacked by Boulton Paul Defiant fighters of No. 264 Squadron RAF. One of the Dornier's engines was disabled and the other damaged, so the wounded pilot, "Feldwebel" (Flight Sergeant) Willi Effmert, elected to make a crash landing on the Goodwin Sands. He and another crew member survived and were taken prisoner. The other two crew were killed; one is buried at Cannock Chase German war cemetery and the other in the Netherlands. The identity of the Defiant that shot down the Dornier is not certain, although it may have been one of three 264 Squadron aircraft that was shot down soon after in a battle with Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter escorts from Jagdgeschwader 3.


title: Dornier Do 17

text: In June 2010 diving operations were carried out and the survey report indicated that the aircraft was largely complete, although "5K+AR" lay inverted on the seabed, indicating that it ground-looped on landing. The port rudder, starboard stabiliser, forward nose glazing, undercarriage doors and engine cowling were missing, but the discovery of a small debris field associated with the wreck indicates that some or all of those parts may still be present at the site. Some items, including two of the Dornier's six MG 15 machine guns, are missing and are believed to have been removed by unauthorized divers sometime after the aircraft's discovery.


title: Dornier Do 17

text: On 10 June 2013, a salvage team raised the airframe from the seabed. It was then taken to the Michael Beetham Restoration Centre at the Royal Air Force Museum's Cosford site, where metallurgists from Imperial College London have a significant role in the post-recovery conservation of the aircraft.


title: Dornier Do 17

text: On 2 July 1942, a Dornier Do 17M-1 crashed in Hansakollen in Maridalen, near Oslo, Norway. The Do 17 was heading to the airport at Gardermoen, but crashed into a mountainside. All three German aviators on board were killed. They are buried in the German war cemetery at Alfaset. The wreck is well preserved and remains clearly visible, nearly 80 years after the accident.


title: Glimepiride

text: Glimepiride, is an anti-diabetic medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. It is less preferred than metformin. Use is recommended together with diet and exercise. It is taken by mouth. Glimepiride takes up to three hours for maximum effect and lasts for about a day.


title: Glimepiride

text: Common side effects include headache, nausea, and dizziness. Serious side effects may include low blood sugar. Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not recommended. It works mainly by increasing the amount of insulin released from the pancreas. It is classified as a second-generation sulfonylurea.


title: Glimepiride

text: Glimepiride was patented in 1979 and approved for medical use in 1995. It is available as a generic medication. In 2020, it was the 87th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 8million prescriptions.


title: Glimepiride

text: Glimepiride is indicated to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus; its mode of action is to increase insulin secretion by the pancreas. However it requires adequate insulin synthesis as prerequisite to treat appropriately. It is not used for type 1 diabetes because in type 1 diabetes the pancreas is not able to produce insulin.


title: Glimepiride

text: Side effects from taking glimepiride include gastrointestinal tract (GI) disturbances, occasional allergic reactions, and rarely blood production disorders including thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and hemolytic anemia. In the initial weeks of treatment, the risk of hypoglycemia may be increased. Alcohol consumption and exposure to sunlight should be restricted because they can worsen side effects.


title: Glimepiride

text: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as salicylates), sulfonamides, chloramphenicol, coumadin and probenecid may potentiate the hypoglycemic action of glimepiride. Thiazides, other diuretics, phothiazides, thyroid products, oral contraceptives, and phenytoin tend to produce hyperglycemia.


title: Glimepiride

text: Like all sulfonylureas, glimepiride acts as an insulin secretagogue. It lowers blood sugar by stimulating the release of insulin by pancreatic beta cells and by inducing increased activity of intracellular insulin receptors.


title: Glimepiride

text: Not all secondary sulfonylureas have the same risk of hypoglycemia. Glibenclamide (glyburide) is associated with an incidence of hypoglycemia of up to 20–30%, compared to as low as 2% to 4% with glimepiride. Glibenclamide also interferes with the normal homeostatic suppression of insulin secretion in reaction to hypoglycemia, whereas glimepiride does not. Also, glibenclamide diminishes glucagon secretion in reaction to hypoglycemia, whereas glimepiride does not.


title: Glimepiride

text: Gastrointestinal absorption is complete, with no interference from meals. Significant absorption can occur within one hour, and distribution is throughout the body, 99.5% bound to plasma protein. Metabolism is by oxidative biotransformation, it is hepatic and complete. First, the medication is metabolized to M metabolite by CYP2C9. M possesses about of pharmacological activity of glimepiride, yet it is unknown if this results in clinically meaningful effect on blood glucose. M is further metabolized to M metabolite by cytosolic enzymes. M is pharmacologically inactive. Excretion in the urine is about 65%, and the remainder is excreted in the feces.


title: Victor McLaglen

text: Victor Andrew de Bier Everleigh McLaglen (10 December 1886 – 7 November 1959) was a British boxer-turned-Hollywood actor. He was known as a character actor, particularly in Westerns, and made seven films with John Ford and John Wayne. McLaglen won the Academy Award for Best Actor in 1935 for his role in "The Informer".


title: Victor McLaglen

text: McLaglen claimed to have been born in Tunbridge Wells, Kent, although his birth certificate records 505 Commercial Road, Stepney in the East End of London as his true birthplace. His father, Andrew Charles Albert Mclaglen, was a missionary in the Free Protestant Church in South Africa, and was later a bishop of the Free Protestant Episcopal Church of England.


title: Victor McLaglen

text: The McLaglen family is ultimately of Scottish origin, descended from a MacLachlan who settled in South Africa in the 19th century. The name was rendered into McLaglen from Dutch pronunciation. A.C.A. McLaglen was christened Andries Carel Albertus McLaglen in Cape Town on 4 April 1851.


title: Victor McLaglen

text: One of ten siblings, Victor had eight brothers and a sister. Four of his brothers also became actors: Arthur, an actor and sculptor, and Clifford, Cyril, and Kenneth.


title: Victor McLaglen

text: Other siblings included Frederick, Lewis, and a sister, Lily. Another brother, Sydney Temple Leopold McLaglen, who appeared in one film, gained notoriety prior to World War I as a showman and self-proclaimed world jujutsu champion, who authored a book on the subject.


title: Victor McLaglen

text: McLaglen left home at 14 to join the British Army with the intention of fighting in the Second Boer War, but much to his chagrin, he was stationed at Windsor Castle in the Life Guards and was later forced to leave the army when his true age was discovered.


title: Victor McLaglen

text: Four years later, he moved to Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, where he became a local celebrity, earning a living as a wrestler and heavyweight boxer, with several notable wins in the ring. He also briefly served as a constable in the Winnipeg Police Force in 1907.


title: Victor McLaglen

text: One of his most famous fights was against heavyweight champion Jack Johnson in a six-round exhibition bout at the Vancouver Athletic Club on 10 March 1909. This was Johnson's first bout since winning the heavyweight title from Tommy Burns. Between bouts, McLaglen toured with a circus, which offered $25 to anyone who could go three rounds with him.


title: Victor McLaglen

text: He returned to Britain in 1913, and during the First World War served as a captain (acting) with the 10th Battalion, Middlesex Regiment. Later, he served with the Royal Irish Fusiliers. He served for a time as military assistant provost marshal for the city of Baghdad. He continued boxing, and was named heavyweight champion of the British Army in 1918.


title: Victor McLaglen

text: After the war, he continued boxing, including a defeat at the hands of British champion Frank Goddard. His final fight was a loss by knockout to Arthur Townley in October 1920. He finished his professional career with a record of 16 wins, eight losses, and a draw.


title: Victor McLaglen

text: McLaglen was visiting a sporting club when spotted by a film producer who was looking for a boxer to play the lead in a film, "The Call of the Road" (1920). Although McLaglen had never acted before, he auditioned and got the part.


title: Victor McLaglen

text: He was in the adventure films: "Corinthian Jack" (1921) and "The Prey of the Dragon" (1921). He followed it with "The Sport of Kings" (1921). Donald Crisp cast him in "The Glorious Adventure" (1922) and he was in "A Romance of Old Baghdad" (1922), "Little Brother of God" (1922), "A Sailor Tramp" (1922), "The Crimson Circle" (1922), "The Romany" (1922), and "Heartstrings" (1922).


title: Victor McLaglen

text: McLaglen played leads in "M'Lord of the White Road" (1923), "In the Blood" (1923), "The Boatswain's Mate" (1923), "Women and Diamonds" (1924), and "The Gay Corinthian" (1924). He was in "The Passionate Adventure" (1924), co-written by Alfred Hitchcock, and "The Beloved Brute" (1924), "The Hunted Woman" (1925), and "Percy" (1925).


title: Victor McLaglen

text: McLaglen's career took a surprise turn in 1925 when he moved to Hollywood. He became a popular character actor, with a particular knack for playing drunks. He also usually played Irishmen, leading many film fans to mistakenly assume he was Irish rather than English. McLaglen played one of the titular characters of "The Unholy Three" (1925) in Lon Chaney Sr.'s original silent version of the macabre crime drama.


title: Victor McLaglen

text: McLaglen had a support part in "Winds of Chance" (1925), directed by Frank Lloyd, then made "The Fighting Heart" (1925) at Fox, directed by John Ford. Ford would have a major impact on McLaglen's career. McLaglen was in "The Isle of Retribution" (1925), "Men of Steel" (1926), and "Beau Geste" (1926), playing Hank in the last.


title: Victor McLaglen

text: McLaglen was the top-billed leading man in director Raoul Walsh's First World War classic "What Price Glory?" (1926) with Edmund Lowe and Dolores del Río. The film was a huge success, making over $2 million, and Fox signed McLaglen to a long-term contract.


title: Victor McLaglen

text: Fox put McLaglen in "The Loves of Carmen" (1927) with del Río, directed by Walsh. He was top-billed in "Mother Machree" (1928), directed by Ford. He was top-billed in "A Girl in Every Port" (1928), co-starring Robert Armstrong and Louise Brooks. He starred in "Hangman's House" (1928) for Ford, a romantic drama set in Ireland, and "The River Pirate" (1928), and "Captain Lash" (1929). McLaglen then made two films for Ford: "Strong Boy" (1929) and "The Black Watch" (1929).


title: Victor McLaglen

text: McLaglen was one of many Fox stars who had cameos in the musical "Happy Days" (1929). He was reunited with Edmund Lowe and Raoul Walsh in a sequel to "What Price Glory?", "The Cock-Eyed World" (1929), which was another huge success at the box office.


title: Victor McLaglen

text: McLaglen made a musical with Walsh, "Hot for Paris" (1930), then made "On the Level" (1930). "A Devil with Women" (1931) was a buddy comedy with Humphrey Bogart in which Bogart played McLaglen's sidekick. He was borrowed by Paramount for "Dishonored" (1931), starring Marlene Dietrich and directed by Joseph von Sternberg. He was in "Not Exactly Gentlemen" (1931) and had a cameo in the short film "The Stolen Jools" (1931). McLaglen, Lowe, and Walsh reunited for a second sequel to "What Price Glory?", "Women of All Nations" (1931). He was in "Annabelle's Affairs" (1931), "Wicked" (1931), "The Gay Caballero" (1932), and "Devil's Lottery" (1932). McLaglen and Lowe went to Paramount for "Guilty as Hell" (1932).


title: Victor McLaglen

text: Back at Fox he was in "Rackety Rax" (1932) then made a fourth "What Price Glory?" film with Lowe, "Hot Pepper" (1933). McLaglen starred in "Laughing at Life" (1933) and returned to Britain to make "Dick Turpin" (1933).


title: Victor McLaglen

text: McLaglen starred opposite Boris Karloff's crazed religious fanatic in John Ford's "The Lost Patrol" (1934) at RKO, a picture about desperate soldiers gradually losing their minds fighting Arabs in the desert of what is now Iraq.


title: Victor McLaglen

text: At Paramount, McLaglen and Lowe were in "No More Women" (1934) (a non-"What Price Glory?" film), then McLaglen made "Wharf Angel" (1934). He was one of many stars in "Murder at the Vanities" (1934). At Columbia, McLaglen starred in "The Captain Hates the Sea" (1934) with John Gilbert. Lowe and he reunited at Fox for "Under Pressure" (1935) (directed by Walsh) and "The Great Hotel Murder" (1935).


title: Victor McLaglen

text: Another highlight of his career was winning an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in Ford's "The Informer" (1935), shot at RKO, based on a novel of the same name by Liam O'Flaherty. Frank Tashlin's 1938 cartoon "Have You Got Any Castles?" features a caricature of McLaglen emerging from the novel and literally informing someone about some shady characters. In 1945, McLaglen said that winning the Oscar had no economic benefit and that he didn't know where it was because his son had taken it to college for use as a paperweight.


title: Victor McLaglen

text: Back at Fox – now 20th Century Fox – McLaglen made "Professional Soldier" (1935) with Freddie Bartholomew. At Paramount, he was teamed with Mae West in "Klondike Annie" (1936), then he went back to Fox for "Under Two Flags" (1936) with Rosalind Russell and Ronald Colman.


title: Victor McLaglen

text: McLaglen starred in "The Magnificent Brute" (1936) for Universal, "Sea Devils" (1937) for RKO and "Nancy Steele Is Missing!" (1937) for Fox. He stayed at Fox to support Robert Taylor in "This Is My Affair" (1937), and notably, Shirley Temple in "Wee Willie Winkie" (1937) directed by John Ford at Fox. He had a cameo in "Ali Baba Goes to Town" (1937). Brian Donlevy and he made a comedy "Battle of Broadway" (1938) at Fox, then he went to Universal for "The Devil's Party" (1938).


title: Victor McLaglen

text: McLaglen returned to Britain for "We're Going to Be Rich" (1938) with Gracie Fields. Back in Hollywood, he did some films for RKO: "Pacific Liner" (1939) and "Gunga Din" (1939). The latter, with Cary Grant and Douglas Fairbanks Jr., was an adventure epic loosely based on Rudyard Kipling's poem that served as the template decades later for "Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom" (1984).


title: Victor McLaglen

text: He supported Nelson Eddy in "Let Freedom Ring" (1939) at MGM, and was in "Ex-Champ" (1939). He supported Brian Aherne in "Captain Fury" (1939), and starred in "Full Confession" (1939) for John Farrow at RKO, the latter film being somewhat a remake of "The Informer".


title: Victor McLaglen

text: At Universal, McLaglen teamed with Basil Rathbone in "Rio" (1939) and Jackie Cooper in "The Big Guy" (1939). He was top-billed in Edward Small's South Seas adventure, "South of Pago Pago" (1940). He remained top-billed for "Diamond Frontier" (1940) and "Broadway Limited" (1941).


title: Victor McLaglen

text: McLaglen and Lowe reprised their roles from "What Price Glory?" in the radio program "Captain Flagg and Sergeant Quirt", broadcast on the Blue Network (28 September 1941 – 25 January 1942, and on NBC 13 February 1942 – 3 April 1942).


title: Victor McLaglen

text: McLaglen and Lowe then played basically the same roles, but under different names in "Call Out the Marines" (1942) at RKO. He starred in "Powder Town" (1942), and went to Fox to support Gene Tierney in "China Girl" (1942). He was one of many stars in "Forever and a Day" (1943), and had a support role in "Tampico" (1943) and "Roger Touhy, Gangster" (1944). McLaglen was a villain in Bob Hope's "The Princess and the Pirate" (1944), and he was in "Rough, Tough and Ready".


title: Victor McLaglen

text: McLaglen began to be exclusively a supporting actor, with parts in "Love, Honor and Goodbye" (1945), "Whistle Stop" (1946) with George Raft and Ava Gardner, "Calendar Girl" (1947), "The Michigan Kid" (1947), and "The Foxes of Harrow" (1947).


title: Victor McLaglen

text: McLaglen was back with John Ford for "Fort Apache" (1948) with John Wayne and Henry Fonda. It was very much a support part, as a cavalry sergeant, but so well received that McLaglen basically reprised it in the other two films in the Ford-Wayne "cavalry trilogy": "She Wore a Yellow Ribbon" (1949) and "Rio Grande" (1950) with Maureen O'Hara and Ben Johnson.


title: Victor McLaglen

text: McLaglen was later nominated for another Oscar, this time for a Best Supporting Actor for his role opposite John Wayne in "The Quiet Man" (1952). He continued to be in demand as a support actor in action films: "Fair Wind to Java" (1953) with Fred MacMurray and "Prince Valiant" (1954) with James Mason and Robert Wagner. He went to Britain for "Trouble in the Glen" (1954), an unsuccessful attempt to do for Scotland what "The Quiet Man" did for Ireland. Back in Hollywood, he was in "Many Rivers to Cross" (1955) at MGM with Robert Taylor and Eleanor Parker.


title: Victor McLaglen

text: McLaglen had a rare late career lead role in "City of Shadows" (1955) at Republic with Patricia Crowley, and he was second-billed in "Bengazi" (1955), but he went back to supports with "Lady Godiva of Coventry" (1955). He had a cameo in "Around the World in 80 Days" (1956) with David Niven and Cantinflas, then had another lead in "The Abductors" (1957), directed by his son, Andrew V. McLaglen.


title: Victor McLaglen

text: Toward the end of his career, McLaglen made several guest appearances on television, particularly in Western series such as "Have Gun, Will Travel" and "Rawhide". The episodes in which McLaglen guest-starred were both directed by his son, Andrew, who later became a film director frequently directing John Wayne.


title: Victor McLaglen

text: He went to Italy for "Gli Italiani sono matti" and had a good part in "Sea Fury" (1958), shot in England with Stanley Baker.


title: Victor McLaglen

text: In 1933, he founded the California Light Horse Regiment, which included a "riding parade club, a polo-playing group and a precision motorcycle contingent". He described it in a press interview as promoting "Americanism". He said it was organized to fight communists and others "opposed to the American ideal", both inside and outside the country. McLaglen was attacked by some on the left as fascist, which he denied. He said he was a "patriot of the good old-fashioned American kind".


title: Victor McLaglen

text: In 1935, McLaglen spent a reported $40,000 to build his own stadium near Riverside Drive and Hyperion Avenue, near Griffith Park and the Atwater Village neighborhood of Los Angeles. The stadium was used for football and many other activities. The Los Angeles River flood of 1938 seriously damaged the stadium, and it fell into disuse thereafter. In 1941, he was selected as the grand marshal of the Clovis Rodeo parade in Clovis, California.


title: Victor McLaglen

text: McLaglen was married three times. He first married Enid Lamont in 1919. The couple had two sons, Andrew, Walter, and one daughter, Sheila. Andrew McLaglen was a television and film director who worked on several film projects with John Wayne. Andrew's children, Mary and Josh McLaglen, are both film producers and directors. Sheila's daughter, Gwyneth Horder-Payton, is a television director. Enid Lamont McLaglen died in 1942 as a result of a horse-riding accident.


title: Victor McLaglen

text: His second marriage was to Suzanne M. Brueggeman. That marriage lasted from 1943 until 1948. His third and final marriage was to divorcée Margaret McNichols Pumphrey, a Seattle socialite he married in 1948. They remained married until his death of a heart attack in 1959.


title: Victor McLaglen

text: He had by that time become a naturalized U.S. citizen. His cremated remains are interred at Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale, in the Garden of Memory, Columbarium of Eternal Light.


title: Victor McLaglen

text: On 8 February 1960, McLaglen received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1735 Vine Street, for his contributions to the motion-picture industry.


title: F1 Manager 2022

text: F1 Manager 2022 is the official racing management simulation game of the 2022 Formula One, Formula 2, and Formula 3 championships developed and published by Frontier Developments. It is the first installment in the "F1 Manager" series and the first licensed manager game since "F1 Manager" by EA Sports. The game was released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X/S on 30 August 2022. On 28 October 2022, Frontier Developments announced that they will cease development and support just two months after the initial release.


title: F1 Manager 2022

text: As a racing management game, "F1 Manager 2022" offers a more detailed career layer in comparison to the "My Team" mode that Codemasters introduced in "F1 2020". The game provides a strategy editor, where player can schedule pit stops, tyres, and pace for each stint. The game features parts development, cost cap, ERS as well as onboard cameras used in real life by Formula One teams. It also features the professional English commentator voices of Karun Chandhok and David Croft, as well as the opening titles for Formula One broadcasts shown after the Frontier Developments logo, while the transitions are recreated while being more faithful to the Formula One broadcasts. The game includes real engineers and drivers from Formula One, Formula 2 and Formula 3. Team radios from real Formula One drivers and race engineers are available as well. Red flags are also featured.


title: F1 Manager 2022

text: "F1 Manager 2022" was officially announced in March 2022. It is the first video game in the "F1 Manager" series, which holds the official license of the Formula One, Formula 2, and Formula 3 championships from 2022 to 2025. It is also the first Formula One licensed management game since "F1 Manager" of EA Sports in 2000. The game is developed with Unreal Engine 4. It is developed and published by Frontier Developments, a British video game developer known for titles such as "Elite Dangerous", "Planet Coaster", "Planet Zoo", and "Jurassic World Evolution". The game was released on Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X/S on 30 August 2022. Players who pre-order the game were able to pre-access to the game five days earlier on 25 August 2022.


title: F1 Manager 2022

text: "F1 Manager 2022" received "generally favorable" reviews for Windows and Xbox Series X/S according to review aggregator Metacritic; the PlayStation 5 received "mixed or average" reviews.


title: 18 (number)

text: In most countries, 18 is the age of majority, in which a minor becomes a legal adult. It is also the voting age, marriageable age, drinking age and smoking age in most countries, though sometimes these ages are different than the age of majority. Many websites restrict adult content to visitors who claim to be aged over 18.


title: Green (R.E.M. album)

text: Green is the sixth studio album by American rock band R.E.M., released on November 7, 1988 by Warner Bros. Records. The second album to be produced by the band and Scott Litt, it continued to explore political issues both in its lyrics and packaging. The band experimented on the album, writing major-key rock songs and incorporating new instruments into their sound including the mandolin, as well as switching their original instruments on other songs.


title: Green (R.E.M. album)

text: Upon its release, "Green" was a critical and commercial success. To promote "Green", the band embarked on an 11-month world tour and released four singles from the album: "Orange Crush", "Stand", "Pop Song 89", and "Get Up".


title: Green (R.E.M. album)

text: With the release of "Document" in 1987, R.E.M. fulfilled its contract with I.R.S. Records. Frustrated that its records did not see satisfactory overseas distribution, in early 1988 the band told I.R.S. head Jay Boberg that it was leaving the label. Guitarist Peter Buck also explained that his group felt it was being pressured to sell well by I.R.S., yet felt I.R.S.'s distributor MCA Records did not consider the ensemble a priority. R.E.M.'s management then approached any record companies that expressed interest in the band. Though other labels offered more money, R.E.M. ultimately signed a deal with Warner Bros. Records—reportedly between $6 million and $12 million—due to the company's assurance of total creative freedom. In light of its move to a major label, the band became defensive in interviews against accusations from some fans who claimed it was selling out.


title: Green (R.E.M. album)

text: R.E.M. began the album process by recording demos at Robbie Collins' Underground Sound Recording Studio in Athens, Georgia in February 1988. Bill Berry, Peter Buck and Mike Mills recorded the basic tracks in two configurations: (1) drums, guitar, and bass, and (2) percussion, mandolin, and accordion. The demos were mixed by Robbie Collins, Buren Fowler (guitar tech for Peter Buck and later member of Drivin N Cryin), and David LaBruyere (later bassist for Vic Varney, Michelle Malone, and John Mayer) and presented to R.E.M. management. Michael Stipe used these recordings for his vocal arrangements. Some of these demos, including "Title," "Great Big," "Larry Graham" and "The Last R.E.M. Song," have never been commercially released. The demo "Larry Graham" was named for Sly and the Family Stone bassist Larry Graham, who was famous for his slap-bass style. "Larry Graham" has many similarities musically with "Out of Time" opener "Radio Song." "Title" was an older song which had been demoed for "Document" the prior year and performed often on the Work Tour. "Title" is the only unreleased song from these demo sessions known to have recorded vocals.


title: Green (R.E.M. album)

text: Just one month after signing with Warner Bros., the band recorded the basic tracks for "Green" at Ardent Studios Studio A in Memphis, Tennessee from May 24 through July 5, 1988, with Scott Litt producing. Recording and mixing resumed later that month at Bearsville Sound Studios in Bearsville, New York. Three unreleased songs were recorded in Bearsville, including "Carnival" and two untitled songs. "The Wrong Child" was recorded and mixed under the working title "Mozart." The Bearsville sessions continued until September 3, 1988—barely two months before "Green"'s release.


title: Green (R.E.M. album)

text: In a 1988 interview, Peter Buck described "Green" as an album that didn't feature any typical R.E.M. songs. Describing the band's standard output as "Minor key, mid-tempo, enigmatic, semi-folk-rock-balladish things", the guitarist noted that for "Green", "We wrote major key rock songs and switched instruments." Singer Michael Stipe had reportedly told his bandmates to "not write any more R.E.M.-type songs". Bassist Mike Mills argued that "Green" was an experimental record, resulting in an album that was "haphazard, a little scattershot". Band biographer David Buckley wrote, "[S]onically, "Green" is all over the place, the result being a fascinatingly eclectic album rather than a unified artistic move forward".


title: Green (R.E.M. album)

text: "Green" was envisioned as an album where one side would feature electric songs and the other, acoustic material, with the plan failing to come to fruition due to a lack of acoustic songs deemed fit for release. David Buckley highlighted three main musical strands on "Green": "ironic pop songs" like "Stand" and "Pop Song 89", harder-hitting tracks such as "Orange Crush" and "Turn You Inside-Out", and "pastoral acoustic numbers" that had Peter Buck playing mandolin, with track 11 singled out as an anomaly. Buck had become fond of playing acoustic music with his friends in that period, and thus purchased an "oddly-shaped Italian mandolin-cum-lyre" in 1987; he would play the instrument on three of the tracks on "Green". From this period onward, R.E.M. would swap instruments among members, and on "Green" the group also incorporated accordion, cello, and lap steel guitar.


title: Green (R.E.M. album)

text: The cover art was painted by New York City minimalist line painter Jon McCafferty. Promotional copies of the album were housed in a mauve, cloth-covered Digipack, with the title and artist debossed and a number "4" embossed over both of the "R"s. The color and texture are made to imitate tree bark.


title: Green (R.E.M. album)

text: The original pressings of the album and cassette tape covers had the number 4 spot varnished over the R in both "Green" and "R.E.M." In return, "R. Stand" appears instead of "4. Stand" on the track list on the back cover. Allegedly, this was a product of an early typing mistake: due to "4" being a number very close to "R" on the keyboard, "Green" was once misspelled "G4een", and the mistake was adopted this way. The album was the first by the band to feature printed lyrics, although only the lyrics to "World Leader Pretend" appeared.


title: Green (R.E.M. album)

text: "Green" is the first R.E.M. album to also be released in a special edition version, though it was only released as a promotional CD. R.E.M. would go on to create a special edition version of each subsequent album they released, with the exception of their final studio album, 2011's "Collapse into Now".


title: Green (R.E.M. album)

text: "Green" was released on November 7, 1988, in the United Kingdom, and the following day in the United States. R.E.M. chose the American release date to coincide with the 1988 presidential election, and used its increased profile during the period to criticize Republican candidate George H. W. Bush while praising Democratic candidate Michael Dukakis. With warm critical reaction and the conversion of many new fans, "Green" ultimately went double-platinum in the US, reaching number 12, and peaked at number 27 in the UK. "Orange Crush" became R.E.M.'s first American number one single on both the Mainstream and Modern Rock Tracks charts. It was the band's first gold album in the UK, making it the quartet's European breakthrough. "What I love about it is the immensely unlikely lyrics," remarked Neil Hannon, frontman of The Divine Comedy, "and, in the mandolin on 'You Are The Everything' and 'The Wrong Child', it's got a bit of what comes later but in a much purer way. It's so small and intense, it's amazing." "Village Voice" critic Robert Christgau praised the first half of the album, calling it "rousing, funny, serious, elegiac" while panning the second half for "dubious poetry and heavy tempos."


title: Green (R.E.M. album)

text: Some advance promo cassettes of the album, dating from September 1988, contained alternate mixes of "World Leader Pretend" (with different intro), "Turn You Inside-Out" (with different ending), and the untitled eleventh track (different drum mix). All of these mixes are otherwise unreleased.


title: Green (R.E.M. album)

text: The band would tour extensively in support of the album throughout 1989, before beginning work on 1991's "Out of Time". "Green" has gone on to sell four million copies worldwide.


title: Green (R.E.M. album)

text: R.E.M. supported the album with its biggest and most visually developed tour to date, featuring back-projections and art films playing on the stage. The tour was much larger in scope than the "Work" tour that supported the previous album. This was especially true in venues outside of the United States due to Warner Bros. Records' ability to market the band overseas. On the final night of the 11-month trek to support "Green", at the Fox Theater, in Atlanta, GA, the band performed their first full-length album, "Murmur", in order, from start to finish, followed by "Green," in order, from start to finish. The night was concluded by an encore set performed by Microwave & the Melons—the road crew led by guitar tech Mark "Microwave" Mytrowitz. It marked the only live performance of "The Wrong Child," and one of the few live performances of "Hairshirt." After the "Green" tour, the band members unofficially decided to take the following year off, the first extended break in the group's career.


title: Green (R.E.M. album)

text: Some songs from "Green"—such as "Pop Song 89" and "Orange Crush"—had appeared occasionally on the "Work" tour in 1987. Though the lyrics were embryonic, the melodies and arrangements were similar to those that appeared on the finished record. Similarly, the band began playing versions of "Low" and "Belong" in the later part of the Green Tour, both of which would appear on their next album "Out of Time".


title: Green (R.E.M. album)

text: The album was remastered in 2013 for its 25th anniversary, adding the bonus live album "Live in Greensboro 1989" by Rhino Records; was released on May 14. Additionally, the EP "Live in Greensboro EP" was released on April 20 as a promotion for Record Store Day.


title: Green (R.E.M. album)

text: Nirvana singer and guitarist Kurt Cobain listed it in his top 50 albums of all time. In 1989, "Sounds" ranked the album at number 62 in its list of "The Top 80 Albums from the '80s." In 1993, "The Times" ranked the album at number 70 in their list of "The 100 Best Albums of All Time." In 2013, "NME" ranked it at number 274 in its list of the "500 Greatest Albums of All Time".


title: Green (R.E.M. album)

text: In 2005, Warner Bros. Records issued an expanded two-disc edition of "Green" which includes a CD, a DVD-Audio disc containing a 5.1-channel surround sound mix by Elliot Scheiner, lyrics, and the original CD booklet with expanded liner notes.


title: School-Live!

text: Yuki Takeya is a cheerful school girl who, along with her friends Kurumi Ebisuzawa, Yūri Wakasa, and Miki Naoki, is a member of the . As Yuki seeks out fun school activities every day while living at school, the other girls work to keep her safe, because in reality, they are the sole survivors of their school after a zombie outbreak overruns the city.


title: School-Live!

text: The main characters of the series are a small club of girls who prioritize being able to live while inside the school.


title: School-Live!

text: A university in the same town area as the School-Live club. It is one of the several designated facilities in the town with survival rations, solar panels, and an evacuation shelter. Following the outbreak, the surviving students at the school became divided, with some banding together to survive (the Circle) while others descended into anarchic survivalism (the Militants).


title: School-Live!

text: "School-Live!" is written by Nitroplus' Norimitsu Kaihō and illustrated by Sadoru Chiba. It began serialization on May 24, 2012, in the July issue of Houbunsha's "Manga Time Kirara Forward" magazine. The series went on hiatus between July and December 2017. It ended on November 22, 2019. Houbunsha published the first "tankōbon" volume on December 12, 2012, with the twelfth and final volume released on January 10, 2020. Yen Press began releasing the series in English in November 2015. Three manga anthologies illustrated by various artists have also been released, the first on July 13, 2015, the second on September 12, 2015, and the third on January 12, 2016.


title: School-Live!

text: A sequel manga series by Kaihō and Chiba, titled "School-Live! Letters" was serialized in "Manga Time Kirara Forward" from June 24, 2020 to August 24, 2021. Yen Press has also licensed the sequel manga.


title: School-Live!

text: An anime television series was announced on June 21, 2014. The series was directed by Masaomi Ando at Lerche, with scripts by manga writer Norimitsu Kaihō and character design by Haruko Iikuza. The series aired in Japan between July 9, 2015 and September 24, 2015 and was simulcast by Crunchyroll. The series features four pieces of theme music; one opening theme and three ending themes. The opening theme is by Gakuen Seikatsu-bu (Inori Minase, Ari Ozawa, M.A.O, and Rie Takahashi). The ending theme is by Maon Kurosaki for episodes 1–3, 5, and 9, "We took each other's hand" by Kaori Sawada for episode 4, and by Kurosaki for episode 6–8 and 10–11. The series was licensed in North America by Sentai Filmworks and released on Blu-ray and DVD with an English dub on June 27, 2017. A drama CD based on the anime television series was released at Comiket 88 on August 14, 2015.


title: School-Live!

text: A live-action film adaptation of "School-Live!" was announced in the January 2018 issue of "Manga Time Kirara Forward" in November 2017. The film was directed by Issei Shibata and stars the members of idol group Last Idol, and it was released in Japan on January 25, 2019.


title: School-Live!

text: Yuki appeared as a support character in a fighting game called "", which was released in December 2015. She, along with the other characters, also appears in the 2017 mobile RPG, "Kirara Fantasia".


title: School-Live!

text: The official Twitter account of Houbunsha's "Manga Time Kirara" magazines has announced that "School-Live!" has two million copies in print as of March 2017. The English release of the first three volumes were also included on the American Library Association's list of 2017 Great Graphic Novels for Teens, and the fifth and sixth volumes made the 2018 list. "School-Live!" was nominated for the Seiun Award in the Best Comic category in 2021.


title: School-Live!

text: The first episode of the anime was well-received and sparked a ten-fold increase in manga sales. It was also viewed more than one million times on Niconico.


title: Sydney Trains

text: Sydney Trains is the operator of the suburban passenger rail network serving the city of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The network is a hybrid urban-suburban rail system with a central underground core that covers over of track and 170 stations over eight lines. It has metro-equivalent train frequencies of every three minutes or better in the underground core, 5–10 minutes off-peak at most inner-city and major stations and 15 minutes off-peak at most minor stations. During the weekday peak, train services are more frequent.


title: Sydney Trains

text: The network is managed by Transport for NSW, and is part of its Opal ticketing system. In 2018–19, 377.1 million passenger journeys were made on the network.


title: Sydney Trains

text: In May 2012, the Minister for Transport announced a restructure of RailCorp, the organisation that owned and managed the metropolitan rail network and operated passenger services throughout New South Wales. Two new organisations were created to take over operation of the services from 1 July 2013. Sydney Trains acquired all suburban services in the Sydney metropolitan area bounded by Berowra, Emu Plains, Macarthur and Waterfall from RailCorp's CityRail division. Intercity and Hunter Line services previously operated by CityRail were taken over by NSW Trains (branded as NSW TrainLink). RailCorp remained as the owner of the network infrastructure. When first created as subsidiaries of RailCorp, Sydney Trains and NSW Trains were not controlled entities of RailCorp, but were instead controlled by Transport for NSW. In July, they ceased to be subsidiaries of RailCorp and became independent standalone agencies in July 2017.


title: Sydney Trains

text: The first expansion of the Sydney suburban network during the Sydney Trains era occurred in 2015 when the South West Rail Link opened between Glenfield and Leppington.


title: Sydney Trains

text: In 2018, some sections of the network began to be transferred to the city's metro and light rail networks. The Epping-Chatswood Rail Link between Chatswood and Epping was closed for conversion in September 2018 to form part of the Sydney Metro Northwest, which opened in May 2019. The section of the Carlingford Line between Camellia and Carlingford closed in January 2020 and will form part of the Parramatta Light Rail network. The adjacent section of track between Clyde and Camellia, including Rosehill railway station, also became disused. The light rail is expected to open in 2023. The section of the Bankstown Line between Sydenham and Bankstown will form part of Sydney Metro City & Southwest, which is due to open in 2024.


title: Sydney Trains

text: In July 2013, Howard Collins, the former Chief Operating Officer of London Underground, was appointed as Chief Executive of Sydney Trains.


title: Sydney Trains

text: Stewart Mills was appointed Acting Chief Executive in February 2020, succeeded by Suzanne Holden as Acting Chief Executive in June 2020.


title: Sydney Trains

text: In addition to operating suburban train services, Sydney Trains maintains the New South Wales Metropolitan Rail Area, and maintains all but a handful of operational railway stations in the state.


title: Sydney Trains

text: In conjunction with a new timetable released on 20 October 2013, the Sydney Trains network was reorganised with a new numbering system. The number of lines was reduced from eleven to seven by merging several lines.


title: Sydney Trains

text: An eighth line was created on 26 November 2017 by splitting the T2 line into two separate lines. T5 services were also modified to no longer travel to and from Campbelltown, instead starting and terminating at Leppington.


title: Sydney Trains

text: From 28 April 2019, the T1 line from Gordon to Hornsby via Strathfield was renumbered T9, whilst the portion from Berowra to Richmond & Emu Plains via Chatswood and Parramatta remained T1. T9 is red in colour.


title: Sydney Trains

text: The T6 Carlingford line, which operated between Clyde and Carlingford, ceased operations on 5 January 2020.


title: Sydney Trains

text: The main hub of the Sydney Trains system is Central station, which most lines pass through. Central is also the terminus of most NSW TrainLink lines. After leaving Central, trains coming from the T2 Inner West & Leppington Line, T3 Bankstown Line and T8 Airport & South Line then travel through the City Circle – a ring line beneath the Sydney central business district. After completing the City Circle, these trains pass through Central for a second time and return to the suburbs. The T1 North Shore & Western, T4 Eastern Suburbs & Illawarra and T9 Northern lines pass through the central business district and continue on to other areas of Sydney. The T5 Cumberland Line serves Western Sydney and provides access to the major centre of Parramatta from the south west of the city without requiring a change of trains at Granville. The T7 Olympic Park Line is a suburban shuttle service.


title: Sydney Trains

text: NightRide bus services established in 1989, replace trains between midnight and 4:30am, leaving the tracks clear of trains for maintenance work. Such bus services mainly stop near stations operating typically at hourly intervals (some routes depart more frequently on weekends). Many services depart the city from bus stops near Town Hall station. NightRide services are contracted to external bus operators and are identified by route numbers beginning with "N".


title: Sydney Trains

text: Sydney Trains operates a fleet of double deck electric multiple units. The trainsets are divided into the following classes:


title: Sydney Trains

text: Though primarily operated by NSW TrainLink, some H sets are also used on suburban services, and with the delivery of the D sets for operations on regional NSW TrainLink lines from 2020, most of the sets will be transferred to suburban services.


title: Sydney Trains

text: All A, B and M sets are maintained by Downer Rail. Their contract for the M sets was extended by 10 years from June 2017. All other types of trains including the V and H sets are maintained by UGL Unipart. The contract with UGL Unipart was extended for two years from 1 July 2019.


title: Sydney Trains

text: The Sydney Trains network is divided into three sectors, based around three maintenance depots. Trainsets are identified by target plates, which are exhibited on the front lower nearside of driving carriages. Each target plate includes the letter of the class the set belongs to and the number of the individual set. Waratahs do not have a target plate, but instead, have the information written directly on the front of the train. The composition and formations of train sets and the target designations are subject to alteration. M sets and H sets carry green target plates.


title: Sydney Trains

text: The following table lists patronage figures for the network during the corresponding financial year. Australia's financial years start on 1 July and end on 30 June. Major events that affected the number of journeys made or how patronage is measured are included as notes.


title: Sydney Trains

text: Sydney Trains currently uses the Opal card ticketing system which was introduced to the network in April 2014. The fare system is fully integrated with the Sydney Metro network and the NSW TrainLink Intercity network – trips involving suburban, metro and intercity services are calculated as a single fare and there is no interchange penalty. Students who use the Sydney Trains network to get to and from schools can apply for a free school Opal card. Opal is also valid on bus, ferry, and light rail services but separate fares apply for these modes. The following table lists Opal fares for reusable smartcards and single trip tickets:


title: Sydney Trains

text: As there are no return or periodical options available, reusable Opal cards include a number of caps to reduce the cost for frequent travellers:


title: Sydney Trains

text: The previous ticketing system was introduced in 1992 and was based on magnetic stripe technology. It was shut down on 1 August 2016.


title: Babita Kumari

text: Babita Kumari Phogat (born 20 November 1989) is an Indian wrestler, who won the gold medal in 2014 Commonwealth Games. She also won silver medals at 2018 Commonwealth Games and 2010 Commonwealth Games and a bronze medal at the 2012 World Wrestling Championships. Babita Phogat entered politics by joining the Bharatiya Janata Party in 2019.


title: Babita Kumari

text: Babita is the younger sister of Geeta Phogat, who won India's first gold medal in women's wrestling at the Commonwealth Games. Babita is the daughter of wrestler and Dronacharya Award recipient Mahavir Singh Phogat. She has a cousin Vinesh Phogat who also won gold, in the 48 kg category, at the Commonwealth Games in Glasgow.


title: Babita Kumari

text: Babita, along with her sister and cousin, have contributed to a change in mindset and attitude towards girls and women in home-state Haryana and rest of the nation.


title: Babita Kumari

text: Her youngest sister, Ritu Phogat, too is an international level wrestler and has won a gold medal at the 2016 Commonwealth Wrestling Championship. Her younger sister, Sangita Phogat is also a wrestler.


title: Babita Kumari

text: In June 2019, she announced her engagement to fellow wrestler Vivek Suhag, whom she later married in November of the same of year.


title: Babita Kumari

text: Babita Phogat joined the BJP on Monday 12 August 2019 but lost her first election. She and her husband welcomed their first child, a baby boy, on January 11, 2021.


title: Babita Kumari

text: In the tournament in Jalandhar, Punjab, Babita won the gold medal in the women's freestyle 51 kg category.


title: Babita Kumari

text: At the 2010 Commonwealth Games, Babita won the silver medal in the women's freestyle 51 kg category after being defeated by Ifeoma Christi Nwoye of Nigeria in the gold medal match with the score of 0–2, 4–5.


title: Babita Kumari

text: In the tournament held in Melbourne, Australia, Babita won the gold medal in the women's freestyle 48 kg category.


title: Babita Kumari

text: In the Round of 16 of the 2012 World Wrestling Championships, Babita faced Hsin-Ju Chiu of Taipei whom she beat 5:0. Her quarter-finals opponent was Risako Kawai of Japan whom she beat 5:0 to qualify for the semi-finals. She lost 1:3 to Jessica Anne Marie MacDonald of Canada in the semi-finals. She was then able to contest for the bronze medal which she won in the women's freestyle 51 kg category by beating Zamira Rakhmanova of Russia 5:0.


title: Babita Kumari

text: At the 2013 Asian Wrestling Championships tournament in New Delhi, India, Babita won the bronze medal in the women's freestyle 55 kg category along with Han Kum-ok of North Korea.


title: Babita Kumari

text: In the women's freestyle 55 kg category at the 2014 Commonwealth Games, Babita's first opponent in the quarter-finals was Kathryn Marsh of Scotland whom she beat 9–2, 4–0 (classification points 4:1). Her opponent in the semi-finals was Louisa Porogovska of England whom she beat 2–0 (classification points 5:0) – victory by fall (wrestling terminology). In the gold medal bout, she was up against Brittanee Laverdure of Canada whom she beat 5–0, 4–2 (classification points 3:1) to win the gold medal.


title: Babita Kumari

text: Babita was not able to repeat her Commonwealth Games feat at the 2014 Asian Games in Incheon, South Korea. In the Round of 16 of the women's freestyle 55 kg category, she faced Srey Mao Dorn of Mongolia whom she beat 5:0. In the quarter-finals, she faced Aiym Abdildina of Kazakhstan whom she beat 3:1. She lost 0:4 to Olympic champion Saori Yoshida of Japan in the semi-finals. She was able to contest for the bronze medal but lost 1:3 to her opponent Xuechun Zhong of China.


title: Babita Kumari

text: Babita defeated Abdy Kadyrova Elsa of Kyrgyzstan 10–0 in the quarterfinal of the 2015 Asian Wrestling Championships, after getting the better of Zukhra Mustanova of Uzbekistan by the same margin in the qualification round. Babita failed to enter the final as she lost her semifinal bout to Pak Yong-Mi of North Korea, losing in the last five seconds.


title: Babita Kumari

text: With a chance for a podium finish, Babita lost to Zhuldyz Eshimova-Turtbayeva of Kazakhstan 3–6 in the bronze medal play-off.


title: Babita Kumari

text: Babita became the third and final entry from India in the women's wrestling for the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. She represented India along with her cousin Vinesh Phogat. She qualified for the Rio Games after her opponent failed a doping test in the qualifying tournament and the quota was given to India.


title: Babita Kumari

text: Babita Kumari Phogat won the silver medal in women's 53 kg freestyle wrestling at 2018 Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast.


title: Babita Kumari

text: The film "Dangal" is loosely based on the story of her and her sister which released on 23 December 2016. Babita was portrayed by Sanya Malhotra and her younger self by Suhani Bhatnagar.


title: Babita Kumari

text: She joined the Bharatiya Janata Party in August 2019 professing to be strongly influenced by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. She lost to Sombir Sangwan in October 2019 in Haryana assembly elections from Dadri (Haryana Vidhan Sabha constituency).


title: Café con aroma de mujer (2021 TV series)

text: Café con aroma de mujer (English title: "The Scent of Passion") is a Colombian telenovela produced by RCN Televisión and distributed by Telemundo. It first aired on Canal RCN from 10 May 2021 to 24 September 2021. In the United States, it aired on Telemundo from 25 May 2021 to 27 September 2021. It is a new adaptation of the 1994 Colombian telenovela of the same name written by Fernando Gaitán, of which two adaptations were made for Mexico with the titles of "Cuando Seas Mía" and "Destilando amor". The shows stars William Levy, Laura Londoño, and Carmen Villalobos.


text: Every year, Gaviota (Laura Londoño) and her mother arrive at Hacienda Casablanca to pick up the coffee from the second harvest of the year, but they hope that their next visit will be their last, because from now on they will be owners of their own land. However, fate has other plans. Octavio Vallejo, the owner of the hacienda, has just died. Gaviota previously had saved him from a kidnapping. Octavio promised as a reward to give her one hectare of land so that she could grow her own coffee. Trying to get the Vallejo family to honor the agreement, Gaviota meets Sebastián (William Levy), Octavio's son, and an irrepressible attraction is born between them, a heartbreaking, impossible love, becoming two lovers who belong to different worlds.


text: Production began in December 2020, in Colombia. The cast list was announced on 4 December 2020 by the American magazine "People en Español". A trailer of the series was released on 5 April 2021.


title: Google Nexus

text: Google Nexus is a discontinued line of consumer electronic devices that run the Android operating system. Google managed the design, development, marketing, and support of these devices, but some development and all manufacturing were carried out by partnering with original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). The line also included tablets and streaming media players, though neither type of device are currently available. The most recent tablet was the Nexus 9 (made with HTC), and the most recent streaming media player the Nexus Player (made with Asus).


title: Google Nexus

text: Devices in the Nexus line were considered Google's core Android products. They contained little to no manufacturer or wireless carrier modifications to Android (such as custom user interfaces), although devices sold through carriers may be SIM locked and had some extra branding. The Verizon Galaxy Nexus featured a Verizon logo on the back and received software updates at a slower pace than the unlocked variant, though it featured different hardware to accommodate Verizon's CDMA network. Save for some carrier-specific variants, Nexus devices were often among the first Android devices to receive updates to the operating system. All Nexus devices featured an unlockable bootloader to allow further development and end-user modification. Although Nexus devices were originally produced in small quantities as they were intended as developer phones, the lack of bloatware/modifications to Android while providing similar performance to more expensive flagship smartphones from OEMs gained Nexus devices a considerable following. In addition to the Nexus program, Google also sold Google Play editions of OEM devices, which run the "stock" version of Android without the OEM nor carrier modifications.


title: Google Nexus

text: In late 2016, the Nexus lineup was replaced by the Google Pixel, which provides a similar stock Android experience but sold for considerably higher prices, directly competing with flagship smartphones from OEMs. Google stated that they "don't want to close a door completely, but there is no plan right now to do more Nexus devices." In 2017, Google partnered with HMD Global in making new Nokia phones, as part of the Android One program, which has been considered by some as a spiritual successor to the Nexus.


title: Google Nexus

text: The Nexus One was manufactured by HTC and released in January 2010 as the first Nexus phone. It was released with Android 2.1 Eclair, and was updated in May 2010 to be the first phone with Android 2.2 Froyo. It was further updated to Android 2.3 Gingerbread. It was announced that Google would cease support for the Nexus One, whose graphics processing unit (GPU) is poor at rendering the new 2D acceleration engine of the UI in Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich. The Nexus S and newer models have hardware designed to handle the new rendering. It was the only Nexus device to have card storage expandability (SD).


title: Google Nexus

text: The Nexus S, manufactured by Samsung, was released in December 2010 to coincide with the release of Android 2.3 Gingerbread. In December 2011 it was updated to Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich, with most variations later being updatable to Android 4.1 Jelly Bean in July 2012. The device's support was ended after 4.1 Jelly Bean and no longer receives updates from Google.


title: Google Nexus

text: The Galaxy Nexus, again manufactured by Samsung, was released in November 2011 (GSM version, US version released on December 15, 2011) to coincide with the release of Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich. The device support was ended after 4.3 Jelly Bean and no longer receives updates from Google. This device is known in Brazil as Galaxy X due to a trademark on the "Nexus" brand. It is also the last Nexus device to have a removable battery.


title: Google Nexus

text: The Nexus 4 smartphone, also known as the LG Nexus 4 or LG Mako, was released in November 2012 and manufactured by LG. It was the first Android device that used Android 4.2 Jelly Bean update version. Nexus 4 is the first Nexus device to have wireless charging capabilities. It was updated to Android 4.3 in June 2013 and to Android 4.4 in November 2013. It can run Android 5.1 as of April 2015.


title: Google Nexus

text: The Nexus 5 smartphone, again manufactured by LG, was scheduled for sale on October 31, 2013 for US$349 at the Google Play store. It was the first device to run Android 4.4 KitKat. The Nexus 5 did not receive an official Android 7.0 Nougat update, meaning that Android 6.0.1 Marshmallow is the last officially supported Android version for the device. The Nexus 5 has the following characteristics:


title: Google Nexus

text: The Nexus 6 is a smartphone developed by Motorola, originally running Android 5.0 Lollipop (upgradeable to Android 7.1.1 Nougat). It was first announced on October 15, 2014 along with the Nexus 9 and the Nexus Player.


title: Google Nexus

text: The Nexus 5X is a smartphone developed by LG originally running Android 6.0 Marshmallow (upgradeable to Android 8.1.0 Oreo). It was first announced on September 29, 2015, along with the Nexus 6P and several other Google devices (such as the Pixel C tablet).


title: Google Nexus

text: The Nexus 6P is a smartphone developed by Huawei originally running Android 6.0 Marshmallow. It was first announced on September 29, 2015 along with the Nexus 5X and several other Google devices (such as the Pixel C tablet).


title: Google Nexus

text: On June 27, 2012, at its I/O 2012 keynote presentation, Google introduced the Nexus 7, a 7-inch tablet computer developed with and manufactured by Asus. Released in July 2012, it was the first device to run Android 4.1 Jelly Bean. The latest Android version supported by Google for the device is Android 5.1.1 Lollipop.


title: Google Nexus

text: On July 24, 2013, at Google's "Breakfast with Sundar Pichai" press conference, Pichai introduced the second generation Nexus 7, again co-developed with Asus. Keeping with Google Nexus tradition, it was simultaneously released with the latest version, Android 4.3 Jelly Bean. It was made available on July 26, 2013 at select retailers and on the Google Play store in the United States. On November 20, 2013, it was available from the Google Play stores in Hong Kong and India. On the same day, the Nexus Wireless Charger was made available in the United States and Canada. In December 2015, Google released Android 6.0.1 Marshmallow for the device. The Nexus 7 (2013) will not receive an official Android 7.0 Nougat update, meaning that Android 6.0.1 Marshmallow is the last officially supported Android version for the tablet.


title: Google Nexus

text: The Nexus 10, a 10.1-inch tablet manufactured by Samsung, was revealed in late October 2012 by the Exif data of photos taken by Google executive, Vic Gundotra, along with the leaks of its manual and a comprehensive series of photos. The leaked photos revealed a design similar to the Samsung Galaxy Note 10.1, with a 10.1-inch 2560×1600 display, 16 or 32 GB of storage, Android 4.2, and a dual-core 1.7 GHz Exynos 5 processor. The Nexus 10 was expected to be unveiled officially during a Google press event on October 29, 2012, but the event was postponed due to Hurricane Sandy. The Nexus 10 would not receive any official updates beyond Android 5.1.1.


title: Google Nexus

text: The Nexus 9 is an 8.9-inch tablet running Android 5.0 Lollipop, developed in collaboration between Google and HTC. It was first announced on October 15, 2014 along with the Nexus 6 and the Nexus Player.


title: Google Nexus

text: The Nexus Q is a discontinued digital media player that ran Android and integrated with Google Play, to sell at US$299 in the United States.


title: Google Nexus

text: After complaints about a lack of features for the price, the Nexus Q was shelved indefinitely; Google said it needed time to make the product "even better". The Nexus Q was unofficially replaced by the Chromecast, and further by the Nexus Player.


title: Google Nexus

text: The Nexus Player is a streaming media player created in collaboration between Google and Asus. It is the first device running Android TV. It was first announced on October 15, 2014 along with the Nexus 6 and the Nexus 9. On May 24, 2016, Google discontinued sales of the Nexus Player. In March 2018, Google confirmed that the Nexus Player would not receive the upcoming version of Android, Android Pie, and that security updates had also ended for the device.


title: Google Nexus

text: Upon the announcement of the first Nexus device, the Nexus One, the estate of science fiction author Philip K. Dick claimed that the Nexus One name capitalized on intellectual property from Dick's 1968 novel "Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?" and that the choice of name was a direct reference to the Nexus-6 series of androids in the novel.


title: The Divine Comedy (band)

text: The Divine Comedy are a pop band from Northern Ireland, formed in 1989 and fronted by Neil Hannon. Hannon has been the only constant member of the group, playing, in some instances, all of the non-orchestral instrumentation except drums. The band has released 12 studio albums. Between 1996 and 1999, nine singles released by the band made the UK Top 40, including the 1999 top-ten hit "National Express".


title: The Divine Comedy (band)

text: The Divine Comedy were founded in 1989, by Neil Hannon who had been the only ever-present member of the band until he was joined by John McCullagh and Kevin Traynor. Their first album, "Fanfare for the Comic Muse", enjoyed a minor success and was later deleted. A couple of equally unsuccessful EPs – "Timewatch" (1991) and "Europop" (1992) – followed, with newly recruited member John Allen handling lead vocals on some tracks. After the commercial failure of the "Europop" EP, this line-up soon fell apart.


title: The Divine Comedy (band)

text: Hannon, however, was not deterred in his efforts and entered the studio again in March 1993, teaming up with co-producer/drummer Darren Allison, for the recording of "Liberation". The record is characterised by a plethora of literary references: 'Bernice Bobs Her Hair' recalls a short story by F. Scott Fitzgerald; 'Three Sisters' draws upon the play by Anton Chekhov; and 'Lucy' is essentially three William Wordsworth poems abridged to music.


title: The Divine Comedy (band)

text: It was only some minor success in France that really enabled Hannon to proceed to his second effort, "Promenade", released in 1994. It was heavily driven by classical influences, with Michael Nyman's stylings clearly an inspiration. Hannon himself acknowledged this when he reportedly sent a copy of his new album to the composer, jokingly asking him not to sue. Essentially a concept album about a day spent by two lovers, it also received similar positive feedback to "Liberation"; however, it was not a major commercial success. Soon after the release of the album the Divine Comedy went on tour with Tori Amos, supporting her during her European dates.


title: The Divine Comedy (band)

text: During that time, Hannon also wrote and performed (with Allison) the theme music for the sitcom "Father Ted"; later, he composed the music for the mock-Eurovision song "My Lovely Horse" that featured in one episode. Hannon resisted widespread requests from fans to release the track as a single for the Christmas market, but it was eventually released in 1999 as the third track on the CD-single "Gin Soaked Boy". This would not be the only time they would be responsible for a TV theme: "In Pursuit of Happiness" was used by the BBC science and technology show "Tomorrow's World" and Hannon also composed the music for Father Ted co-writer Graham Linehan's Channel 4 comedy series "The IT Crowd".


title: The Divine Comedy (band)

text: The album "Casanova" (1996), and in particular the single "Something for the Weekend", championed by Chris Evans, then BBC Radio 1 breakfast show DJ and presenter of "TFI Friday", led to the band's first major success. "Casanova" was the third album to be produced by Darren Allison and Neil Hannon, thus completing a trilogy of albums which began with "Liberation" in 1993. Further singles from "Casanova", including "Becoming More Like Alfie" and "The Frog Princess", both of which received some airplay, and further cemented the band's reputation.


title: The Divine Comedy (band)

text: At the height of their commercial success, the band released "A Short Album About Love" (a reference to the Krzysztof Kieślowski film "A Short Film About Love"), recorded live at soundcheck with the Brunel Ensemble in preparation for a concert at the Shepherd's Bush Empire, from which several songs were released as B-sides. It was aptly released on Valentine's Day in 1997. Subsequently, the band contributed a reworking of Noël Coward's "I've Been to a Marvellous Party" to "", a compilation of covers of the writer's songs, with Hannon affecting a Cowardesque lilt (albeit interspersed with an aggressive electronic musical backing).


title: The Divine Comedy (band)

text: The foppish image, but not the suit, was ditched for the more sombre album "Fin De Siècle" in 1998, although its biggest hit, the jaunty "National Express", belied its more intimate, soul-searching tone. Maintaining the balance between these poles, 1999's "Secret History – the Best of The Divine Comedy" included re-recordings of "Liberation" tracks ("The Pop Singer's Fear of the Pollen Count" and "Your Daddy's Car") and two new songs ("Gin-Soaked Boy" and "Too Young to Die") alongside the band's main hits. In the same year, the band also collaborated with Tom Jones on a cover version of Portishead's 'All Mine', featured on his album Reload.


title: The Divine Comedy (band)

text: A serious side to the band was also in evidence in 2000's collaboration with Ute Lemper on her album "Punishing Kiss", most of which featured The Divine Comedy as Lemper's backing band. Neil Hannon and Joby Talbot also contributed two original songs and an arrangement of Brecht and Weill's "Tango Ballad", whilst Neil Hannon sang two songs ("Tango Ballad", "Split") as duets with Lemper.


title: The Divine Comedy (band)

text: The band performed at V2001 Festival, and their 2001 album "Regeneration" attempted to remove the band still further from its association with comedy. Hannon hired producer Nigel Godrich to "remake" the band. Hannon ditched the suit and donned a Britrock band image. The album was a greater critical than commercial success, and soon after its release it was announced that the Divine Comedy were splitting up. However, within a year Hannon was touring again with a revised band line-up, playing a series of joint-headline gigs in the United States, United Kingdom and Ireland featuring both the Divine Comedy and Ben Folds.


title: The Divine Comedy (band)

text: A new album surfaced in the form of 2004's "Absent Friends". The album struck a balance between the occasionally earnest sound of the band's later material and the lighter tone of the more popular releases. 2004 saw two performances featuring The Millennia Ensemble orchestra, one at the London Palladium (which was later released as a live DVD) and one at the Royal Albert Hall. In January 2005, Hannon announced that he had acquired the worldwide copyrights to all of his recorded output with his former record label, Setanta Records. He launched his own record label Divine Comedy Records in order to re-release his 1990s output.


title: The Divine Comedy (band)

text: Hannon's ninth album with the Divine Comedy, "Victory for the Comic Muse", was released in June 2006. The bulk of the record was recorded over two weeks, much of it live rather than multi-tracked, hence a more spontaneous sound. The album featured Simon Little on bass, Andrew Skeet on keys, Tim Weller on drums and Ian Watson on accordion from the current band.


title: The Divine Comedy (band)

text: Hannon also provided vocals for songs on the soundtrack for the film of "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" released in 2005, working with Joby Talbot, the composer for the film and former Divine Comedy band member. This sci-fi connection continued in late 2006, when he contributed vocals to two tracks – "Song For Ten" and "Love Don't Roam" – on the "" album. In an interview with Bullz-Eye.com, Hannon explained that, "literally, I was asked to add my vocal by the composer of the songs, who writes for the show. And I didn’t feel that I could say no, simply because I spent my childhood watching this programme. It would be just plain wrong to not do it." Hannon also lent his vocals to "Aliens", the last track on the Irish charity album "The Cake Sale" in 2006, organised by Brian Crosby of Bell X1 and featuring a variety of mainly Irish musicians.


title: The Divine Comedy (band)

text: In 2006, whilst on tour, the band did a Take-Away Show video session shot by Vincent Moon. A year later, the first ten or so seconds of "Tonight We Fly" was used as the ending tune to BBC7's "Digi Radio". The song was also used for an advertisement for the Airbus A340 airliner.


title: The Divine Comedy (band)

text: Meanwhile, Hannon took part in various projects: he recorded "Perfection As a Hipster", included in the "God Help the Girl" soundtrack, a soon-to-be-released musical film by Belle and Sebastian frontman Stuart Murdoch as well as the LP "The Duckworth Lewis Method", together with Thomas Walsh of Pugwash. In March 2007 Neil Hannon's relationship with Parlophone came to an end.


title: The Divine Comedy (band)

text: On 31 May 2010 The Divine Comedy released their tenth album entitled "Bang Goes the Knighthood" on DC Records. As with "Victory for the Comic Muse" it was recorded in RAK studios in St John's Wood by Guy Massey and the orchestra was conducted by Andrew Skeet who was the arranger on this album. The album charted at 20 in the first week of release, making it their highest-charting album since "Regeneration" in 2001. The album itself was preceded by the download-only single "At The Indie Disco".


title: The Divine Comedy (band)

text: On 2 September 2016, The Divine Comedy released their eleventh album "Foreverland". A live album featuring performances from the 2016–17 Foreverland tour, "Loose Canon", was released digitally on 16 February 2018 after being made available as a CD on the tour.


title: The Divine Comedy (band)

text: On 1 April 2019, the Divine Comedy announced a new single "Queuejumper", first played on BBC 6 Music on 3 April. It was followed by the announcement of "Office Politics", the band's first double album, which was released on 7 June 2019. The release of Queuejumper was followed by the single <nowiki>"Norman and Norma", released on 16 May 2019, and an animated music video for the songs 'Infernal Machines/You'll Never Work in this Town Again'</nowiki>, released on 3 October 2019.


title: The Divine Comedy (band)

text: The Divine Comedy celebrated its 30th anniversary by reissuing remastered versions of the band's first nine albums (from "Liberation" to "Bang Goes the Knighthood") on LP and CD. All eleven albums were included in the box set "Venus, Cupid, Folly, and Time: 30 Years of the Divine Comedy", released in October 2020. The 24-disc box set consists of 12 albums of two CDs: each with an original remastered album, with a second CD of B-sides, demos, alternate versions, rarities and unreleased material curated by Neil Hannon. The collection includes the original album "Fanfare for the Comic Muse", and other pre-"Liberation" material. The CD release of "A Short Album About Love" comes with a DVD of "A Short Film About A Short Album About Love" – a previously unreleased 50-minute film of the Shepherd's Bush Empire concert at which "Short Album..." was recorded.


title: The Divine Comedy (band)

text: Hannon and an eleven-piece ensemble will also be celebrating the band's 30th anniversary with residencies at The Barbican in London and the Cité de la Musique in Paris. These shows, postponed from September 2020 to September 2022, will feature the band playing two of the classic albums, per show, in a five-show residency in each venue.


title: The Divine Comedy (band)

text: "Charmed Life", a double compilation album was released on 4 February 2022. Special limited edition copies included a bonus album, simply named "Super Extra Bonus Album". Ten days after its release, "Charmed Life" claimed the number one spot on the Official Independent Album Charts. A European tour of "Charmed Life" has been announced.


title: Banita Sandhu

text: Banita Sandhu (born 22 June 1997) is a Welsh actress who primarily works in Indian films. She made her film debut in the 2018 Hindi film "October" and went on to star in the Tamil film "Adithya Varma" and the American science fiction series "Pandora" (both 2019).


title: Banita Sandhu

text: Sandhu was born and brought up in Caerleon, Wales to first-generation British Indian parents. She moved to London at 18 to start her degree in English Literature at King's College London. She started acting at the age of 11.


title: Banita Sandhu

text: Sandhu appeared in an advert for Wrigley Company's Doublemint which had the song "Ek Ajnabee Haseena Se" as the background score; and another advert, for Vodafone India, which was broadcast during the Indian Premier League cricket season. Her first feature film was "October", starring Varun Dhawan, which released in 2018. This was followed by the American TV series "Pandora", and the Tamil film "Adithya Varma" in 2019. She later signed on the Hindi film "Sardar Udham Singh" and the British film "Kavita and Teresa".


title: Pacifier

text: A pacifier is a rubber, plastic, or silicone nipple substitute given to an infant to suckle upon between feedings to quiet its distress by satisfying the need to suck when it does not need to eat. Pacifiers normally have three parts, an elongated teat, a mouth shield, and a handle. The mouth shield is large enough to prevent the child from attempting to take the pacifier into its mouth, and so forecloses the danger that the child will swallow then choke on it.


title: Pacifier

text: Pacifiers have many different informal names: "binky" or "wookie" (American English), "dummy" (Australian English and British English), "piece"," paci", " bo-bo", "nookie", "teething ring", "device", "sugar tit", "teether", "comforter", "soother" (Canadian English and Hiberno-English), and "Dodie" (Hiberno-English).


title: Pacifier

text: Pacifiers were mentioned for the first time in medical literature in 1473, being described by German physician Bartholomäus Metlinger in his book "Kinderbüchlein", in later editions retitled "Regiment der jungen Kinder" ("Caring For Young Children").


title: Pacifier

text: In England in the 17th–19th centuries, a "coral" was a teething toy made of coral, ivory or bone, often mounted in silver as the handle of a rattle. A museum curator has suggested that these substances were used as "sympathetic magic" and that the animal bone could symbolize animal strength to help the child cope with pain.


title: Pacifier

text: Pacifiers were a development of hard teething rings, but they were also a substitute for the softer "sugar tits", "sugar-teats" or "sugar-rags" which had been in use in 19th century America. A writer in 1873 described a "sugar-teat" made from "a small piece of old linen" with a "spoonful of rather sandy sugar in the center of it", "gathered ... up into a little ball" with a thread tied tightly around it. Rags with foodstuffs tied inside were also given to babies in many parts of Northern Europe and elsewhere. In some places a lump of meat or fat was tied in cloth, and sometimes the rag was moistened with brandy. German-speaking areas might use "Lutschbeutel", cloth wrapped around sweetened bread or poppy-seeds.


title: Pacifier

text: A Madonna and child painted by Dürer in 1506 shows one of these tied-cloth "pacifiers" in the baby's hand.


title: Pacifier

text: Pacifiers were settling into their modern form around 1900 when the first teat, shield and handle design was patented in the US as a "baby comforter" by Manhattan pharmacist Christian W. Meinecke. Rubber had been used in flexible teethers sold as "elastic gum rings" for British babies in the mid-19th century, and also used for feeding-bottle teats. In 1902, Sears, Roebuck & Co. advertised a "new style rubber teething ring, with one hard and one soft nipple". And in 1909 someone calling herself "Auntie Pacifier" wrote to the "New York Times" to warn of the "menace to health" (she meant dental health) of "the persistent, and, among poorer classes, the universal sucking of a rubber nipple sold as a 'pacifier'." In England too, dummies were seen as something the poorer classes would use, and associated with poor hygiene. In 1914 a London doctor complained about "the dummy teat": "If it falls on the floor it is rubbed momentarily on the mother's blouse or apron, lipped by the mother and replaced in the baby's mouth."


title: Pacifier

text: Early pacifiers were manufactured with a choice of black, maroon or white rubber, though the white rubber of the day contained a certain amount of lead. "Binky" (with a "y") was first used in about 1935 as a trademarked brand name for pacifiers and other baby products manufactured by the Binky Baby Products Company of New York. The brand name is currently owned by Playtex Products, LLC as a trademark in the U.S. (and a number of other countries).