title: Ouzo effect

text: Emulsions have many commercial uses. A large range of prepared food products, detergents, and body-care products take the form of emulsions that are required to be stable over a long period of time. The ouzo effect is seen as a potential mechanism for generating surfactant-free emulsions without the need for high-shear stabilisation techniques that are costly in large-scale production processes. The creation of a variety of dispersions such as pseudolatexes, silicone emulsions, and biodegradable polymeric nanocapsules, have been synthesized using the ouzo effect, though as stated previously, the exact mechanism of this effect remains unclear. Nanoparticles formed using the ouzo effect are thought to be kinetically stabilized as opposed to thermodynamically stabilized micelles formed using a surfactant due to the fast solidification of the polymer during the preparation process.


title: Chupke Chupke (TV series)

text: Chupke Chupke (, Secretly) is a 2021 Pakistani romantic comedy television series directed by Danish Nawaz, written by Saima Akram Chaudhry and produced by Momina Duraid under their production banner MD Productions, which aired during Ramadan, in April and May 2021 and broadcast on Hum TV. The series is about the Nawab-Family, after the death of Nawab his two wives Naik Bakht and Naik Parwar fight with each other at every occasion they can get.


title: Chupke Chupke (TV series)

text: It features Ayeza Khan and Osman Khalid Butt as Meenu and Faazi in the leading roles, Aymen Saleem as Mishi, Arslan Naseer as Hadi, Uzma Beg as Naik Bakht (Bakhto), Asma Abbas as Naik Parwar, Mira Sethi as Gul-e-Rana and Ali Safina as Miskeen in the supporting cast meanwhile Tara Mahmood, Mani, Aadi Khan, Areesha Sultan, Hira Soomro and Qavi Khan in the recurring cast.


title: Chupke Chupke (TV series)

text: The series received acclaim due its comic storyline, on-screen chemistry of the lead couples and the performances, especially of Butt, Khan, Abbas and Beg. It was the 3rd most searched item on Google in Pakistan for 2021. At 21st Lux Style Awards, it won Best TV Play.


title: Chupke Chupke (TV series)

text: The drama is about the Nawab Family. Nawab Sahab had two wives - Naik Parwar and Naik Bakht. Nawab Sahab treated them both equally and they live in adjacent houses, one called the "Nawab House" where Naik Bakht lives and the other one was "Nawab Villa" where Naik Parwar lives. The two wives have never-ending conflicts between them because Nawab Sahab married Naik Bakht only after two months of his wedding with Naik Parwar. Both Naik Parwar and Naik Bakht have two kids each, Naik Parwar has two sons: Kamil and Kifayat. The elder son Kamil died leaving a wife Kishwar and two sons: Hadi and Waleed. The younger son Kifayat has a poultry farm business and is married to Kaneez . They have two daughters: Muniha (Meenu) and Muniba (Mirchi). Naik Bakht has one son and one daughter. Her daughter lives in Toronto with her family. Her son Ibrahim and his wife has died while at Hajj (Muslim pilgrim) leaving three daughters and a son. The elder daughter Gul-e-Rana (Gul) and son Faaz (Faazi) are twins but Gul is a minute elder. The younger sister is Rameen(Roomi) and the youngest is Rameesha(Mishi). Gul is married to Miskeen who lives in his in-laws' house. These two don't have kids even after being married for 5 years. While Roomi is married to Arman (Mani). Mishi is unmarried and has a crush on Hadi. The three sisters and Faazi's grandmother are all searching for a suitable wife for Faazi but keep failing because Faazi wants to marry an educated and mature girl.


title: Chupke Chupke (TV series)

text: On the other hand, Meenu is a carefree and clumsy girl who is always getting into trouble with Faazi who has been asked to tutor her by Kifayat. All Meenu wants is to be rid of her studies and her tutor Faazi.


title: Chupke Chupke (TV series)

text: It so happens that Kishwar manages to find a match for Hadi who lives in Canada. The girl's father owns a restaurant in Canada and hopes that Hadi will come and take over the business after marrying his daughter. But the girl had other plans. A day before their wedding, she calls Hadi to tell him that she has already married someone in court. The wedding is called off to the joy of Mishi. Mishi starts throwing hints at Hadi who is initially reluctant to accept his developing feelings for her because of his friendship with Faaz and the clash between Amma and Baibay.


title: Chupke Chupke (TV series)

text: Meanwhile a family comes to see Faazi for their daughter Hania who is just the girl Faazi would have wanted for a wife. Hania also has a brother Asher. Hania's parents also want to marry Asher off along with Hania. Amma and Gul think that the situation is perfect and they can get Mishi married in the same family as Faazi. But due to a confusion, Hania's parents happen to see Meenu and select Meenu as their daughter in law.


title: Chupke Chupke (TV series)

text: They think that Meenu would be the perfect match for their son. They take an alliance to Meenu's family and after some discussion they agree. It is decided that both Meenu and Faazi would be wedded on the same day. Mishi's proposal is fixed with Hania's cousin. Hadi realizes that he has fallen for Mishi but it's too late as Mishi was soon going to be engaged.


title: Chupke Chupke (TV series)

text: On the wedding day, it is revealed that Asher is in fact a married man and has three daughters too. He was only looking for a second wife in order to have a son. Meenu's family is devastated and call off the wedding. Even Faazi's wedding to Hania is called off. Mishi's engagement is also broken. In order to keep the reputation of the Nawab Family intact, both families decide to get Faazi and Meenu married. Gradually Faazi and Meenu start developing feelings for each other but they face opposition from Gul, Amma and Baibay because of their never ending clash. But then arrives Bade Abba ( elder brother of Nawab Sahab ) of whom both the families respect and fear. After watching the fight between Baibay and Amma and realizing that their fights will ruin the relationship of Faazi and Meenu, he sends off Meenu to Nawab House (rukhsati) without any celebration or notice. This doesn't go well with Gul and she starts to create problems between the two with the help of Roami. On the other hand, Hadi and Mishi have fallen in love and their relationship is known to Meenu. Bade Abba wants Hadi to marry his grand daughter and everyone in the family accepts this alliance except Hadi who wants to marry Mishi. Roomi is found to be pregnant. Soon Faazi too finds out about Hadi and Mishi and gets angry on Hadi for breaking his trust. Baibay, Amma and Kishwar too learn about Hadi-Mishi's relationship and all of them emotionally blackmail Hadi and Mishi to not marry each other. When Faazi learns that Meenu knew about Hadi and Mishi's relationship, he gets angry and tells her to leave the house. Meenu leaves the Nawab House and comes back to Nawab Villa. An alliance has been found for Mishi and for this Faazi comes to Nawab House to take Meenu back with him, Meenu refuses to leave and Faazi gets angry, about to raise his hand on her but does not. But Mirchi goes out and tells the family that Faazi slapped Meenu. Hadi questions and fights with Faazi for misbehaving with Meenu and proclaims his love for Mishi in front of her suitors. Meenu clears the misunderstanding that Faazi didn't raise his hand on her. Mishi leaves the house without letting anyone know. Hadi tries to find Mishi everywhere after Bade Abba seals the deal that if Hadi brings Mishi back within 2 days, he will get them married but if he is unable to find her, he has to marry Bade Abba's granddaughter- Natasha. Hadi fails to find Mishi and everyone begin preparations for his wedding with Natasha. Meenu decides to seek divorce from Faazi because of him not taking a stand for their relationship in front of Gul. But now Faazi wants to save their relationship. Faaz shows the mirror to Gul and she realizes her mistakes and seeks apology from Meenu. Gul is also found to be pregnant. Hadi talks to Mishi one day before his wedding on call but she refuses to come as she thinks it's too late now and Hadi should have taken stand at the right time. Baibay and Amma unexpectedly become good friends. The wedding day arrives and everyone is happy except Hadi who is quite bitter towards his family for not understanding his feelings. The Nikah takes place ( according to him, with Natasha) but when he lifts up the bride's veil, it is revealed that Hadi has been married to Mishi. It is revealed that everything was planned and everyone ( except Hadi and Meenu ) were involved in the plan of their wedding. Meenu, who thought that Faazi is doing wrong by not accepting Hadi's and Mishi's relationship, melts after she gets to know Fazi was involved in their wedding plan. Hadi thanks Faazi and reveals that the divorce papers (khula notice) which Meenu had sent to him were fake, written by Hadi, and they were trying to test Faazi! Faazi apologies to Meenu for his behaviour and the two reconcile.


title: Chupke Chupke (TV series)

text: The title song of "Chupke Chupke" "Pareshan Kyun Lage Tu" was composed by Naveed Nashad, with lyrics for song was written by Nashad and Ali Zafar. The lines of the song, sung by Zafar and Nirmal Roy, have been frequently used during the course of the show.


title: Chupke Chupke (TV series)

text: Writer Saima Akram Chaudhry revealed in an interview that Meenu's character is inspired from the personality of Pakistani drama writer Misbah Nousheen. The production of the drama was halted in 2020 due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Because of this, some character's were recast, included Ayeza Khan replacing Sohai Ali Abro as Meenu and Asma Abbas replacing Beo Raana Zafar as Naik Parwar, which was also offered to Nadia Afgan. The first episode of the series was aired on 14 April 2021.


title: Chupke Chupke (TV series)

text: On television broadcast, it received high ratings of 6-7 TRPs throughout its broadcast with 8.2 at its highest and was often a slot leader. It gained 100 million collective views on YouTube within two weeks.


title: Chupke Chupke (TV series)

text: The first episode of the series received mixed reviews due to complex dynamics of the characters and their relations with each other. "DAWN Images" praised the performances of Asma Abbbas, Uzma Beg and their characters' dynamics. Osman Khalid Butt and Ayeza Khan's performance was also praised with Khan's performance was called as "surprise" as she usually plays damsel in distress. The on-screen chemistry of the lead couples were also lauded, especially of Arslan Naseer and Aymen Saleem which earned social media acclaim prominence to the couple. While writing for "Dawn", Maliha Rehman criticised the portrayal of talaq in the series as a stigma for women. It was also criticized for the depiction of cousin marriage.


title: Chupke Chupke (TV series)

text: It became third most searched item on google among 'Movie & TV' in Pakistan in the year it was broadcast, as reported by the google trends at the end of the year.


title: Ryan Destiny

text: Ryan Destiny Irons (born January 8, 1995) is an American actress, singer and songwriter. Destiny is best known for her roles in the Fox TV musical drama "Star", and the Freeform sitcom "Grown-ish".


title: Ryan Destiny

text: Destiny was born in Detroit, Michigan. Her father is a member of the 90s R&B group "Guesss". Destiny attended West Bloomfield High School. In January 2011, Destiny won a singing contest to attend the red carpet premiere of Justin Bieber's "".


title: Ryan Destiny

text: In junior high school, the 12-year-old Destiny formed musical trio "New Limit". Managed by her mother Dawn, the trio auditioned for "America's Got Talent" in 2010 and they made it to the finals until they decided it was not for them. By 2011, Destiny had signed with Universal Republic. The group would later split, with Destiny and her manager holding auditions forming a new group called "Love Dollhouse" The trio signed to All Def/Capitol Records, a label partnership with Russell Simmons, Steve Rifkind and Brian Robbins. The group released their debut single "Can I." The group disbanded in 2015.


title: Ryan Destiny

text: In 2016, Destiny announced plans for a solo EP. She released her first single "The Same" in 2018, with a remix featuring rapper Tobi Lou being released the following year. Her second single "Do You" was released in 2020.


title: Ryan Destiny

text: In 2010, Destiny appeared in an episode of the web series "The Wannabes Starring Savvy". In 2011, she traveled to Los Angeles with her mother to start auditioning for projects. In 2013, she appeared in several episodes of the Detroit-based crime drama, "Low Winter Sun". Destiny later appeared as the lead in the independent film "A Girl Like Grace" opposite Garcelle Beauvais, Meagan Good, and Raven-Symoné. The Ty Hodges produced film premiered at the Los Angeles Film Festival in June 2015.


title: Ryan Destiny

text: Destiny initially booked the role of Tiana on Lee Daniels's hit musical drama "Empire" but due to her contract with All Def Music, she could not accept the role. In December 2015, Destiny booked one of the lead roles as Alexandra in Daniels' series "Star" – opposite Queen Latifah. The series premiered on Fox December 14, 2016 and ended after three seasons in 2019.


title: Ryan Destiny

text: In November 2019 it was announced that Destiny was cast to play Claressa Shields in "Flint Strong", a Universal Pictures biopic written by Barry Jenkins and directed by Rachel Morrison


title: Ryan Destiny

text: Destiny currently has a recurring role on season 3 of "Grown-ish" as Jillian, a transfer student from Spelman College.


title: Ryan Destiny

text: Destiny cites entertainers Michael Jackson, Freddie Mercury, Prince and Aaliyah as her primary influences. Destiny has also expressed admiration for singers such as Lauryn Hill, Brandy, India Arie, and Beyoncé.


title: Ryan Destiny

text: Ryan Destiny was in a relationship with actor Keith Powers from late 2017 until 2022. After 4 years together, the break up was announced by People Magazine online exclusive on January 18, 2022.


title: Public humiliation

text: Public humiliation or public shaming is a form of punishment whose main feature is dishonoring or disgracing a person, usually an offender or a prisoner, especially in a public place. It was regularly used as a form of judicially sanctioned punishment in previous centuries, and is still practiced by different means in the modern era.


title: Public humiliation

text: In the United States, it was a common punishment from the beginning of European colonization through the 19th century. It fell out of common use in the 20th century, though it has seen a revival starting in the 1990s.


title: Public humiliation

text: Public humiliation exists in many forms. In general, a criminal sentenced to one of the many forms of this punishment could expect to be placed in a central, public, or open place so that his fellow citizens could easily witness the sentence and, occasionally, participate in it as a form of "mob justice".


title: Public humiliation

text: Just like painful forms of corporal punishment, it has parallels in educational and other rather private punishments (but with some audience), in school or domestic disciplinary context, and as a rite of passage. Physical forms include being forced to wear some sign such as "donkey ears" (simulated in paper, as a sign one is—or at least behaved—proverbially stupid), wearing a dunce cap, having to stand, kneel or bend over in a corner, or repeatedly write something on a blackboard ("I will not spread rumors", for example). Here different levels of physical discomfort can be added, such as having to hold heavy objects, go barefoot (see below) or kneeling on an uneven surface. Like physical punishment and harsh hazing, these have become controversial in most modern societies, in many cases leading to legal restrictions and/or (sometimes voluntary) abolishment.


title: Public humiliation

text: Head shaving can be a humiliating punishment prescribed in law, but also something done as "mob justice" - a stark example of which was the thousands of European women who had their heads shaved in front of cheering crowds in the wake of World War II, as punishment for associating with occupying Nazis during the war. Public shaving was applied to (true or alleged) collaborators after the Allied liberated occupied territories from the Nazi troops.


title: Public humiliation

text: Forcing people to go barefoot has been used as a relatively effortless and more subtle form of humiliation in most past and present civilized cultures, primarily using the visual contrast to the standard form of appearance while also creating some level of physical discomfort. The exposure of bare feet often served as an indicator for imprisonment and slavery throughout ancient as well as modern history. Even today prisoners officially have to go barefoot in many countries of the world and are also presented in court and showcased to the public unshod. As shoes are commonly worn by all social classes since antiquity in most civilized societies, showcasing a captive to the public in bare feet traditionally symbolizes the person's loss of social standing and personal autonomy. It usually also causes a considerable degree of humiliation, as this noticeable detail typically sets the prisoner apart from spectators visually and demonstrates the person's vulnerability and general powerlessness.


title: Public humiliation

text: Further means of public humiliation and degradation consist in forcing people to wear typifying clothes, which can be penitential garb or prison uniforms.


title: Public humiliation

text: Presenting arrestees or prisoners to the public in restraints (such as handcuffs, shackles or similar devices) also serves as a convenient method of public humiliation besides the primary security aspects. The effect is complemented by presenting the person in a prison uniform or similar clothing.


title: Public humiliation

text: Apart from specific methods essentially aiming at humiliation, several methods combine pain and humiliation or even death and humiliation. In some cases, the pain—or at least discomfort—is insignificant or rather secondary to the humiliation.


title: Public humiliation

text: The simplest is to administer painful corporal punishment in public - the major aim may be deterrence of potential offenders - so the public will witness the perpetrator's fear and agony. This can either take place in a town square or other public gathering location such as a school, or take the form of a procession through the streets. This was not uncommon in the sentences to "Staupenschlag" (flagellation by whipping or birching, generally on the bare buttocks) in various German-speaking states, till the 19th century. A naval equivalent was Flogging round the fleet on a raft taken from ship to ship for consecutive installments of a great total of lashes, that could even be lethal. In some countries, the punishment of foot whipping is executed in public to this day.


title: Public humiliation

text: The humiliation can be extended; intentionally or not; by leaving visible marks, such as scars, notably on body parts that are normally left visible. This also serves as a virtually indelible criminal record. This can even be the main intention of the punishment, as in the case of scarifications, such as human branding. It invariably is essential in forms of mutilation, such as ear cropping, though the functional loss is even greater; pain may even be intentionally minimized as in the case of surgical amputation, eliminating the risk of accidental death. Tarring and feathering also serves as means of extended humiliation.


title: Public humiliation

text: Public shaming can result in negative psychological effects and devastating consequences, regardless of the punishment being justifiable or not. It could cause depression, suicidal thoughts and other severe mental problems. The humiliated individuals may develop a variety of symptoms including apathy, paranoia, anxiety, PTSD, or others. The rage and fury may arise in the persecuted individual, themselves lashing out against innocent victims, as they seek revenge or as a means of release.


title: Underdog (TV series)

text: Underdog is an American Saturday morning animated television series that ran from October 3, 1964, to March 4, 1967 starting on the NBC network until 1966, with the rest of the run on CBS, under the primary sponsorship of General Mills, for a run of 62 episodes. It is one of the early Saturday morning cartoons. The show continued in syndication until 1973.


title: Underdog (TV series)

text: Underdog, Shoeshine Boy's heroic alter ego, appears whenever love interest Sweet Polly Purebred is being victimized by such villains as Simon Bar Sinister or Riff Raff. Underdog nearly always speaks in rhyming couplets, as in "There's no need to fear, Underdog is here!" His voice was supplied by Wally Cox.


title: Underdog (TV series)

text: In 1959, handling the General Mills account as an account executive with the Dancer Fitzgerald Sample advertising agency in New York, W. Watts Biggers teamed with Chet Stover, Treadwell D. Covington, and artist Joe Harris in the creation of television cartoon shows to sell breakfast cereals for General Mills. The shows introduced such characters as King Leonardo, Tennessee Tuxedo, and Underdog. Biggers and Stover contributed both scripts and songs to the series. When "Underdog" became a success, Biggers and his partners left Dancer Fitzgerald Sample to form their own company, Total Television, with animation produced at Gamma Studios in Mexico. In 1969, Total Television folded when General Mills dropped out as the primary sponsor, but continued to retain the rights to the series until 1995 and TV distribution rights, through NBCUniversal Television Distribution, to the present day.


title: Underdog (TV series)

text: The syndicated version of "The Underdog Show" consists of 62 half-hour episodes. The supporting segments differ from the show's original network run. The first 26 syndicated episodes feature "Tennessee Tuxedo" as a supporting segment. ("Tennessee Tuxedo" originally aired as a separate show and also has its own syndicated adaptation.) Thereafter, for most of the balance of the package, the middle segments include "Go Go Gophers" and "Klondike Kat" for three consecutive half-hours and "Tennessee Tuxedo" in the fourth. "Commander McBragg" is featured in the majority of episodes, replaced by three segments of "The Sing-A-Long Family" (in shows one-three, 28–30, and 55–57). The final two syndicated "Underdog" half-hours feature two one-shot cartoons that were originally part of an unsold pilot for a projected 1966 series, "The Champion" ("Cauliflower Cabbie" and "Gene Hattree"), with "Commander McBragg" appearing in show 61 and "Go Go Gophers" in show 62.


title: Underdog (TV series)

text: The syndicated series, as shown in the United States, is a potpourri of segments from previously aired versions of the show. Prior to a 1994 remaster, each episode included a "teaser" at the top of the show, asking viewers to stay tuned for a clip from "today's four-part story." (This originates from a 1969–1973 NBC Saturday morning rerun version of the show.) However, never more than two parts of the "Underdog" stories were ever shown in any half-hour program. Prints of such would either be followed by a closing and credits or no credits at all. The closing (which showed the first portion of a variation of the "Underdog" theme showing a giant terrorizing the city with George S. Irving, the series narrator, saying, "Looks like this is the end! But don't miss our next Underdog Show!" in place of the theme music) followed by the end credits (re-edited from the cast credits for "Underdog" and "Tennessee Tuxedo"), originated from a 1965 repackaged syndicated series, "Cartoon Cut-Ups," which originally featured Underdog, Tennessee Tuxedo, and Commander McBragg.


title: Underdog (TV series)

text: For many years starting with NBC's last run in the mid-1970s, all references to Underdog swallowing his Super Energy Pill were censored, most likely out of fear that kids would see medication that looked like the Underdog pills (red with a white "U" on them) and swallow them. Two instances that did not actually show Underdog swallowing the pills remained in the show. In one, he drops pills into water supplies; in the other, his ring is damaged and he explains that it is where he keeps the pill—but the part where he actually swallows it was still deleted.


title: Underdog (TV series)

text: Reruns of the show aired on Nickelodeon from 1992 to 1994, Cartoon Network from 1996 to 1999, and on Boomerang from 2002 to 2007. However during its broadcasting on Cartoon Network and Boomerang, two notable episodes, "The Molemen" and "A New Villain", were not included on the channels’ schedule due to depicted dangerous elements subjected within the segments.


title: Underdog (TV series)

text: In 1995, Biggers, Stover, Covington, and Harris (with General Mills) negotiated a sale of their creations to "Saturday Night Live" producer Lorne Michaels' Broadway Video, who later sold the rights to Golden Books. When Classic Media took over Golden Books, it acquired the underlying rights to "Underdog." In 2012, Classic Media was sold to DreamWorks Animation, and ultimately became the property of the series' current owners, Universal Television. "TV Guide" ranked "Underdog" as number 23 on its "50 Greatest Cartoon Characters of All Time" list, IGN ranked it as number 74 on its Best 100 Animated Series list.


title: Underdog (TV series)

text: Underdog was an anthropomorphic dog superhero. The premise was that "humble and lovable" Shoeshine Boy was in truth the superhero Underdog. George S. Irving narrated and comedy actor Wally Cox provided the voices of both Underdog and Shoeshine Boy. When villains threatened, Shoeshine Boy ducked into a telephone booth, where he transformed into the caped and costumed hero, destroying the booth in the process when his superpowers were activated. Underdog almost always spoke in rhyme:


title: Underdog (TV series)

text: The majority of episodes used a common template as the final scene. A crowd of people looking up into the sky would say, "Look in the sky!" "It's a plane!" "It's a bird!" After this, a woman wearing glasses would exclaim, "It's a frog!" Another onlooker would respond, "A frog?" To this, Underdog replied with these words:


title: Underdog (TV series)

text: Underdog usually caused collateral damage. Whenever someone complained about the damage, Underdog replied:


title: Underdog (TV series)

text: The villains almost always managed to menace Sweet Polly Purebred (voiced by Norma MacMillan), an anthropomorphic canine TV reporter, as part of their nefarious schemes; she was a helpless damsel in distress most of the time and had a habit of singing, "Oh, where, oh, where has my Underdog gone? Oh, where, oh, where can he be?" She would sing this to the music of the song "Oh Where Has My Little Dog Gone" whenever in jeopardy. Recurring villains included:


title: Underdog (TV series)

text: Other villains included The Electric Eel (a.k.a. Slippery Eel), Battyman, Tap Tap the Chisler (an evil look-alike of Underdog who does not speak in rhyme), and Overcat. Underdog also regularly faced enemies from alien worlds, such as the Marbleheads from the planet Granite, the Magnet Men of the Magnet Planet, the aliens from the planet Zot, and the Flying Sorcerers of the Saucer Planet.


title: Underdog (TV series)

text: The majority of the "Underdog" adventures were presented in the form of four-part serial episodes. Other cartoons, including "Go Go Gophers" and "The Hunter", filled the middle segments. A 1969–1973 NBC run featured all four parts of an "Underdog" storyline in one half-hour show. The series was first syndicated in the U.S. in the mid-1960s under the title "Cartoon Cut-Ups," which presented two "Underdog" segments along with "Tennessee Tuxedo and His Tales" and "The World of Commander McBragg." This package was revised in the 1970s under the "Underdog Show" title, now including all 124 "Underdog" segments and featuring "Tennessee Tuxedo," "Commander McBragg," "Go Go Gophers," and "Klondike Kat" in various episodes. A syndicated package prepared for distribution outside the United States (which also aired on the Boomerang cable network) usually featured two brief "Underdog" episodes in a single show along with a wider variety of other Total TV cartoon shorts which appeared between such segments: "Go Go Gophers," "The King and Odie", "Klondike Kat," "Tennessee Tuxedo," "The Hunter," "Tooter Turtle", and "Commander McBragg."


title: Underdog (TV series)

text: On these interstitial cartoons, Tennessee Tuxedo, a penguin, was accompanied by two friends, slow-witted walrus Chumley and Professor Phineas J. Whoopie, "the Man With All The Answers". Tennessee Tuxedo was voiced by Don Adams of "Get Smart" (and later "Inspector Gadget") fame; the knowledgeable Professor Phineas J. Whoopee was voiced by Larry Storch of "F Troop" fame.


title: Underdog (TV series)

text: When he is not Underdog, he is "incognito" as Shoeshine Boy. Like Superman, when trouble calls, he hurriedly dresses in a phone booth (which would inexplicably explode upon his conversion). On occasion, to replenish his powers, he would take an "Underdog Energy Vitamin Pill". This pill was first introduced in episode 9. He keeps one of these pills inside a special ring he wears at all times. (Before taking one, he would often utter the words: "The secret compartment of my ring I fill / With an Underdog Energy Vitamin Pill.") Several episodes, starting with "RiffRaffville", show Underdog without his ring and being powerless, since he must take another pill as his super powers begin to fail ("Without my Energy Vitamin Pill / I grow weaker and weaker and weaker still.") and, as a result, he can die; but of course, this being a children's cartoon show, no one actually kills him, even when he is at their mercy. He tells everyone who will listen this secret of his super powers. When the series was syndicated in the 1980s and 1990s, the scenes of him taking his energy pill were edited out. In the recent release "Underdog: The Ultimate Collection", the word "Energy" was replaced with "Vitamin".


title: Underdog (TV series)

text: Underdog is shown to have incredible superhuman powers. However, the number and scope of his superpowers are inconsistent from episode to episode, being subject not only to the conventions of superhero comics, but also to the conventions of humorous cartoons. In one episode, he easily moved planets, safely butting against them with his rear end. In another episode, his Super Energy Pill, diluted billions of times when added to a city's water system, was capable of giving normal humans who drank the water enough strength to easily bend thick steel bars. Among his many powers shown on the show are: super strength, super speed, supersonic flight, physical invulnerability, X-ray vision, super breath, cosmic vision, atomic breath, atomizing eyes, heat vision, ultrasonic hearing, a supersonic high-pitch hi-fi voice and a great calculating brain.


title: Underdog (TV series)

text: The show is also remembered for its title song, "Underdog," which was arranged and produced by Robert Weitz, with lyrics by Chester Stover, W. Watts Biggers, Treadwell Covington, and Joseph Harris. Several notable covers of the theme song have been made. The original


title: Underdog (TV series)

text: song was sung by Robert Ragaini. He explained, "As a struggling singer in New York, I'd gotten a job singing a theme song for a newly proposed TV cartoon series named 'Underdog." I went to the studio, I think "O.D.O." on West 54th Street, sang as part of the backup group (ah-ooo, ah-ooo), then quickly sang the theme song over the track and left. I remember how pleased I was that I'd taken that mouthful of words and made them understandable. Oh yes, they paid me 50 dollars. No contract - I wasn't yet a member of SAG - and I was thrilled to get it. Until I heard it again, year after year. By then I'd become a successful jingle singer and I knew what I should have been making. When it came out as the music track of a Reebok commercial I filed a claim with the Screen Actors Guild, but of course I had no documentation. A friend did give me an Underdog T-shirt. I wore it once, but when a man I passed on West 14th Street started singing the song, I retired it."


title: Underdog (TV series)

text: In 1990, generic company UAV Corp. released Underdog in separate episodes, which went out-of-print in 1995. On June 14, 1996, Sony Wonder released "Underdog" on VHS in region 1 in a four-volume collection. These sets were reissued on the same format on September 12, 2000, as each set, especially the DVD versions, included a coupon for the Underdog lithograph by the series’ creator, Joe Harris.


title: Underdog (TV series)

text: Sony Wonder released "Underdog" Collector’s Edition DVD on September 12, 2000, and again on August 6, 2002, which these releases were discontinued in the mid 2000s. On July 24, 2007, Classic Media released "Underdog" on DVD in region 1 in a three-volume collection, following a previous three-volume set released in the late 1990s. Each volume features six digitally remastered and uncut, original broadcast episodes, each featuring two "Underdog" segments alongside additional cartoons from the Total TV library.


title: Underdog (TV series)

text: On February 21, 2012, Shout! Factory (under license from Classic Media) released a 9-disc Complete Series set containing new bonus material, including commentaries. According to Shout! Factory, "they're rebuilding the shows to their original television airing as best as they can".


title: Underdog (TV series)

text: In 2005, "Variety" reported that a live-action "Underdog" motion picture was in development. As announced, the story introduces "a diminutive hound named Shoeshine [who] gets superpowers after a lab accident. When he's adopted by a 15-year-old boy, the two form a bond around the shared knowledge that Shoeshine is really Underdog." Actor Peter Dinklage was cast to play Simon Bar Sinister, while Alex Neuberger was cast to play Underdog's human companion, Jack Unger. The movie started filming in Providence, Rhode Island, in March 2006 and was released on August 3, 2007. The film was distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. Shoeshine/Underdog, voiced by Jason Lee, was played by a golden beagle named Leo sporting a red sweater and a blue cape. The film got mostly negative reviews, despite grossing $65.3 million worldwide.


title: Underdog (TV series)

text: In 1999, Biggers created a new episode of "Underdog" as a half-hour radio show narrated by veteran Boston newsman Tom Ellis with new original music composed by Biggers. Radio stations were asked to participate in Biggers' Victory Over Violence organization by airing the adventure in which the evil Simon Bar Sinister develops a Switchpitch baseball to turn positive people negative. His attempt to become king of Boston is foiled by Underdog (played by Biggers) and Sweet Polly Purebred (portrayed by Nancy Purbeck).


title: Celebrity Skin

text: Celebrity Skin is the third studio album by American alternative rock band Hole, released on September 8, 1998, in the United States on DGC Records and internationally on Geffen Records. It was the last album released by the band before their dissolution in 2002. Hole intended for the record to diverge significantly from their previous noise and grunge-influenced sound as featured on "Pretty on the Inside" (1991) and "Live Through This" (1994). The band hired producer Michael Beinhorn to record "Celebrity Skin" over a nine-month period that included sessions in Los Angeles, New York City, and London. It was the band's only studio release to feature bassist Melissa Auf der Maur. Drummer Patty Schemel played the demos for the album, but was replaced by session drummer Deen Castronovo at the suggestion of producer Beinhorn. This issue created a rift between Schemel and the band, resulting in her dropping out of the tour and parting ways with the group, though she received the drumming credit on the album.


title: Celebrity Skin

text: The band sought to use Los Angeles and the state of California as a unifying theme, and began writing what they conceived as a "California album" in 1997. Unlike Hole's previous releases, the final songs on "Celebrity Skin" featured instrumental contributions from several musicians outside the band, primarily Billy Corgan, who co-wrote the musical arrangements on five songs. Auf der Maur's former bandmate Jordon Zadorozny, as well as Go-Go's guitarist Charlotte Caffey, also contributed to the composition of one track. Frontwoman Courtney Love, who wrote all of the lyrics, named the album and its title track after a poem she had written that was influenced by T. S. Eliot's "The Waste Land". Motifs of water and drowning are also prominent throughout the album.


title: Celebrity Skin

text: "Celebrity Skin" is Hole's most commercially successful album. It peaked at number nine on the US "Billboard 200", number four on the Australian Albums Chart, and number 11 on the UK Albums Chart. To date, it has sold over 1.4 million copies in the United States alone, has been certified as double-platinum in Australia by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), and platinum in Canada by Music Canada (MC) and the United States by Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). It garnered Hole a number-one hit single on the Modern Rock Tracks chart with the title track, "Celebrity Skin". Critical reaction to the album was very positive and it was listed on a number of publications' year-end lists in 1998, including those by "Time" and "The Village Voice". The album was named the 265th greatest album of all time by a 2013 poll by "NME" magazine and was featured in the book "1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die".


title: Celebrity Skin

text: In September 1995, Hole completed the final leg of their year-long tour in promotion for their second studio album, "Live Through This" (1994). During the hiatus that followed, the members of Hole began working on individual projects. Frontwoman Courtney Love was cast as Althea Flynt in "The People vs. Larry Flynt" (1996) alongside Woody Harrelson, lead guitarist Eric Erlandson collaborated with Rodney Bingenheimer and Thurston Moore in a short-lived project Rodney & the Tube Tops from 1996 to 1997, bassist Melissa Auf der Maur recorded Ric Ocasek's album "Troublizing" (1997), and drummer Patty Schemel was a guest musician with the Lemonheads on the tribute album "Schoolhouse Rock! Rocks" (1996).


title: Celebrity Skin

text: Following Love's promotion of "The People vs. Larry Flynt", the band reunited to write new material for "Celebrity Skin". According to Love, the embryonic versions of the songs "weren't very good" and "not written well". However, the songs developed following the band's relocation to several parts of the United States, including Nashville, Memphis, and New Orleans. During their time in New Orleans, the band recorded a number of demos, including an early version of "Awful" (1999) and songs which later developed into "Dying" and "Hit So Hard". During these writing and recording attempts, Love had grown frustrated as she felt the songs were not coalescing. Erlandson later said he felt that "everything was falling apart...  Making that record was insane. There were obstacles at each step of the way." Because of this perceived lack of direction, Love decided to use California as a unifying theme to begin writing around: "Let's tie this together with a concept, even if it's fake," she recalled, "for directional purposes." Specifically, Love sought to interpret California as "a metaphor for the American dream".


title: Celebrity Skin

text: The band entered Conway Recording Studios in Los Angeles in April 1997 to begin the recording sessions of the album. The original plan was to have Billy Corgan as executive producer, who was a second choice after Brian Eno, however, Corgan did not initially participate in, or contribute to the recording process. Michael Beinhorn was hired as head of production instead. Recording sessions for the album were spread out over the course of eight to nine months in various locations. The majority of the album was recorded at Conway Recording Studios, however, additional recording was done at Record Plant West in Los Angeles and Olympic Studios in London, United Kingdom. The final recording sessions were completed at Quad Studios in early 1998. These sessions were also video-taped by a friend of the band, as noted in an October 1998 article in "Spin" magazine. Auf der Maur characterized the sessions as being based around Love's busy schedule at the time: "It was her Hollywood phase", during which she would "chain-smoke Marlboro lights", "go to the beach at 7AM with a personal trainer and auditioning. She'd just done "[The People vs.] Larry Flynt"."


title: Celebrity Skin

text: According to Love, her vision for the album was to "deconstruct the California Sound" in the L.A. tradition of bands like The Doors, The Beach Boys and The Byrds, but she was struggling with the composition of the record and felt like she was "in a rut". After sending early recordings of the songs to Billy Corgan, Corgan joined the band in the studio for a total of twelve days. Love compared Corgan's presence in the studio to "a math teacher who wouldn't give you the answers but was making you solve the problems yourself", and stated that he had her study key changes as well as melodies and phrasing from songs by Frank Sinatra and The Beatles:


title: Celebrity Skin

text: Of the album's twelve tracks, Corgan shares instrumental songwriting credits on five. In addition to Corgan, Auf der Maur's former Tinker bandmate, Jordon Zadorozny, and Go-Go's guitarist Charlotte Caffey, helped co-compose the track "Reasons to Be Beautiful".


title: Celebrity Skin

text: A wide variety of guitars, effect pedals and equipment were used during the recording of "Celebrity Skin". Love used Fender tube amplifiers, Matchless amps, Ampeg amps and a Randall Commander that belonged to Love's late husband Kurt Cobain. Love's primary guitars during the sessions were her custom Fender Vista Venus and a Chet Atkins Gretsch. Erlandson's guitar set-up was much more complex, using numerous guitars through different effects in a set-up he arranged with Beinhorn. He used three of his Veleno guitars that were also used to record "Live Through This", a 1968 Fender Telecaster and "numerous other guitars". Each signal from each guitar was split to two separate channels. One channel included a Tech 21 SansAmp, a collection of vintage analog synthesizers, including a Serge modular system, an ARP 2600 and a Moog modular system with a Bode frequency shifter. The other side included a Watkins Dominator, which "provided tons of low end", and generators that were later used during the production process. Recording was officially completed in London in late February 1998.


title: Celebrity Skin

text: Despite receiving credit on the album, Patty Schemel only recorded drum tracks for its demos, and was replaced by session drummer Deen Castronovo during the final recording sessions; thus, her drumming does not appear on the finished tracks. According to Schemel, Beinhorn was actively "psyching her out" in the studio when she began recording. According to Chris Whitemeyer, a sound technician working on the record, Beinhorn would request endless takes of Schemel's drumming, and would dim the volume in the sound booth and read the newspaper while she played. Whitemeyer stated that Schemel was drumming in the studio eight hours a day for over two weeks, and that Beinhorn "wanted Patty to give up". Schemel later likened the recording sessions to "athletic training". After Schemel completed over two weeks of recording, Beinhorn brought Love into the studio and had her listen to loops of Schemel's "weakest playing", and then suggested Castronovo as an alternative. Beinhorn also claimed to Love that Schemel would get "red-light fever" in the studio, meaning she would forget what she was playing once Beinhorn began recording. Whitemeyer claimed that Castronovo had been asked by Beinhorn to play on the record before Love or any of the other band members heard Schemel's drum tracks, and that Beinhorn "had it all planned out" early on.


title: Celebrity Skin

text: The event resulted in Schemel leaving the studio and requesting a settlement and breaking ties with the band. Several months later, Schemel participated in the promotional photo shoot for the album due to prior agreement, but refused to tour with the band to support the record. In 2002, Love admitted in an interview with Carrie Fisher to having Schemel replaced on the album:


title: Celebrity Skin

text: "Celebrity Skin" marked a major shift in Hole's musical style, emphasizing a more mainstream alternative rock sound. Jael Goldfine of "Paper" magazine notes that the album "defined the post-grunge power pop sound of the '90s." "Rolling Stone"s James Hunter observed that the album features shifts in guitar sounds that alternate from "silveriness to something rougher in a heartbeat," adding that it is teeming with "minimalist explosion, idiomatic flair and dead-on rhythms." "The Independent" later referred to the album as having ushered in a pop rock "era" for Hole.


title: Celebrity Skin

text: In 2018, Bassist Melissa Auf der Maur, reflected "That wasn't something I was striving for but it was something Courtney and the label were. At the time I was like, 'why are you making this so fancy?' but she had a whole vision for her art." Rebecca Nicholson of "The Guardian" observed a darker subtext to the album's glossy production, however, noting: ""Celebrity Skin"s aesthetic is caught up in that turmoil of competing identities, a push-pull of glossy glamour and its seedy underbelly. For all the slickness of Michael Beinhorn’s production and the big-budget videos that accompanied its singles, the songs remain raw and cynical, as wary and worn as they are defiant."


title: Celebrity Skin

text: While writing the lyrics for "Celebrity Skin", Love aimed to "marry great hooks with a dense [lyrical] vision...  I want to be as perverse as I'd like to be—while making you hum along with it." She cited an array of literary influences, including T. S. Eliot. Several songs on the album reference, and sometimes directly quote, multiple literary works: The album's title track directly quotes "The House of Life" by Dante Rossetti ("my name is might-have-been"), as well as William Shakespeare's "The Merchant of Venice" ("So glad I came here with your pound of flesh"). "Awful", the album's third single, references Neil Diamond's "Cherry, Cherry", as well as the American spiritual "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot".


title: Celebrity Skin

text: Various lyrical references to Hollywood and California culture are present throughout the album. Whereas the band's debut, "Pretty on the Inside", had dealt with the "repulsive aspects of L.A.superficiality, sexism, violence, and drugs", "Celebrity Skin" examined the more opulent elements of Los Angelesspecifically from the perspective of Love, who at the time had risen as an A-list star but "deconstructed the concept, picking off the healing scab of her public reinvention to rehash the wounds of her past". Commenting on the themes, James Hunter of "Rolling Stone" notes that the album is lyrically obsessed with "the promises and the agonies of Southern California. Sold-out sluts, fading actresses, deluded teenagers, “summer babes” and hunks—all this “beautiful garbage” crowds the roadside of the album." Gil Kaufman, writing about the album for MTV, noted that "Love's crash-and-burn lyrics are full of provocative, self-referential phrases that might harbor double or triple meanings."


title: Celebrity Skin

text: Another prominent lyrical and aesthetic theme on the record is water and drowning, as noted by Erlandson in a 1998 interview on the album's composition and recording sessions. Erlandson cited the drowning death of Jeff Buckley, as well as the deaths of both Erlandson's and Auf der Maur's fathers of pulmonary edema and lung cancer, respectively. "Those were literal things," said Erlandson, "but drowning became a metaphor for this record and for all the people we had lost." Additional lyrical motifs include angels, stars, and heaven. Commenting on the recurring images throughout the album, Love said: "I'm a Cancer. I recycle."


title: Celebrity Skin

text: On the album's title, Love divulged that she initially wanted to name it "Holy War", as she felt it was "a mission statement. It's a statement of such pretense and import. It's incredibly ambitious." Erlandson alternately wanted to name the record "Sugar Coma", which Love opposed, stating it was "pedestrian—it denotes the end of a cycle. Something deadly. If executives like it, you know it's bad." The final title, "Celebrity Skin", was teased by Love during a 1995 interview with Jools Holland, in which she joked that she was considering naming their upcoming album "Celebrity Skin" because she had "touched a lot of it". She subsequently clarified that she had derived the name from a short-lived band in Los Angeles named Celebrity Skin, as well as a bootleg pornographic magazine featuring nude candid photos of celebrities.


title: Celebrity Skin

text: "Celebrity Skin" was released internationally on September 8, 1998. It was the last album released by Hole before their dissolution in 2002, though frontwoman Courtney Love later revived the band with new members for the release of "Nobody's Daughter" in 2010.


title: Celebrity Skin

text: Despite the extreme measures undertaken by Hole's label, DGC Records, to prevent the album from leaking (including an "iron clad" agreement that prohibited music journalists who received advance copies from allowing anyone else to hear or record the album), the first single from the album, "Celebrity Skin", was leaked three weeks before its intended release dates and played "nearly a dozen times" on New York radio station WXRK (92.3 FM) and their Los Angeles-based sister station, KROQ-FM (106.7 FM), on the weekend of July 31 to August 2, 1998. DGC spokesperson Jim Merlis denied that the leak originated from them and issued WXRK a cease and desist order on August 3, 1998. Nevertheless, San Francisco radio station Live 105 (105.3 FM) played the single again the following weekend.


title: Celebrity Skin

text: The lead single, "Celebrity Skin", was officially released on September 8, 1998, the same day of the album release. It peaked at number 85 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100, and entered the top 20 of the United Kingdom, Scotland, and Iceland. It also topped the US Alternative Songs chart and the Canadian Rock/Alternative chart. The single was nominated for Best Rock Song and Best Rock Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group at the 1999 Grammy Awards. It was followed by "Malibu", released on December 29, 1998. The single peaked at number 81 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100, and entered the top 40 of Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom.


title: Celebrity Skin

text: "Malibu" was nominated for Best Cinematography at the 1999 MTV Video Music Awards and nominated for a Music Video Cinematography Achievement provided by the Music Video Production Association. The single also received a nomination for Best Rock Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group at the 2000 Grammy Awards. The third and final single, "Awful", was released on April 27, 1999. It peaked at number 13 on US Alternative Songs chart and entered the ARIA Top 100 Singles Chart and the UK Singles Chart.


title: Celebrity Skin

text: The front cover of the album features a black-and-white photograph of all four band members standing in front of a burning palm tree. The photograph was a Polaroid that had initially been intended as a test shot, but was ultimately chosen for the cover art. Joe-Mama Nitzberg, the album's art director, recalled that the palm tree and fire were in fact real, and that at one point during the shoot, a wind gust led the tree to topple over. Nitzberg stated that the unifying visual theme for the album's overall artwork and packaging was to highlight Los Angeles as an artificial "paradise."


title: Celebrity Skin

text: The lyrical themes of water and drowning were carried over to the album's packaging, with the back cover displaying a cropped version of the painting "Ophelia Drowning" (1895) by Paul Albert Steck. Photographs of the Modesto Arch (which reads "Water, Wealth, Contentment, Health") and the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power figure in the liner notes, keeping in theme with the album's preoccupation with California. The liner notes dedicate the album to "the stolen water of Los Angeles and to anyone who ever drowned", the former referring to the California water wars.


title: Celebrity Skin

text: "Celebrity Skin" received positive reviews from music critics. "The Village Voice" critic Robert Christgau said Love is "better punk than actress, better actress than popster" and listed the title track and "Awful" as the album's most notable songs. Robert Cherry of the "Alternative Press" described "Celebrity Skin"s sound as "meticulously orchestrated guitars, multilayered vocal harmonies, quantized drums and sheeny studio magic" and said the songs "hit nerve centers like a thousand AM classics". "The Austin Chronicle"s Marc Savlov referred to the album as "end of the summer crunch-pop from the most enigmatic woman around" but criticized Love's "painful, quasi-Freudian vein" and "Michael Beinhorn's slick, SoCal production". The "Los Angeles Times" reviewer Robert Hilburn called the album "one wild emotional ride" and "a far more complex work than the invigorating, mainstream coating would lead you to believe." Steve Sutherland of "NME" mentioned that "the first thing you think when "Celebrity Skin" smacks you in the nose is that you may never need to hear a rock 'n' roll record ever again," and compared the album's sound to Fleetwood Mac.


title: Celebrity Skin

text: James Hunter from "Rolling Stone" described it as "sprung, flung and fun, high-impact, rock-fueled pop" and noted that "it teems with sonic knockouts that make you see all sorts of stars and is accessible, fiery and intimate – often at the same time," while "Spin" reviewer Joshua Clover referred to the album as "a record filled with quotation and reference, backtalk and revision" and said "there are too many great songs, and this is a magnificent pop record." A review published in "Musician" also praised the album, particularly Erlandson's guitar contributions, noting: "Erlandson's tireless, monomaniacal guitar wizardry gives "Celebrity Skin" its gorgeous textures and resonant power." "Entertainment Weekly" reviewer David Browne said "the music is sleeker and more taut than anything Hole have done". "The Guardian"s Caroline Sullivan awarded the album three out of five stars, writing that "Love and Hole have always been about feeling rather than technique...  well, a bit of technique actually creeps in, too. Technique is the only word for whatever process made certain segments of "Celebrity Skin" sound so confident, so smooth."


title: Celebrity Skin

text: Of retrospective assessments, AllMusic editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine wrote that the album was "a glaze of shiny guitars and hazy melodies, all intended to evoke the heyday of Californian pop in the late '70s," awarding the album three and a half stars out of five. In a piece celebrating the album's 20th anniversary, "Stereogum" critic Gabriela Claymore characterized it as a "polished, decadent rock [record] with something rotten at its core... Hole's most sonically accomplished album but it is not their best." Tom Edwards of "Drowned in Sound" was more critical in a retrospective review, referring to "Awful" as "gorgeous, pure blues" and "Hit So Hard" as "the best song about love since 'Retard Girl'," but concluding that "it's a weak record full of empty music either way."


title: Celebrity Skin

text: Several publications included "Celebrity Skin" in their year-end periodical lists, including "Time", who listed the album at number nine on its Best of 1998 Music list, "Spin", who listed the album at number 11 on its Top 20 Albums of the Year list, and "The Village Voice", who listed the album at number 14 in the Pazz and Jop Critics' Poll. "Los Angeles Times"s Robert Hillburn ranked it number five on the list of Top 10 Albums of the Year. The 2013 "NME"s The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time ranked "Celebrity Skin" 265th on their list. It is also included in the book "1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die" (2010). "Celebrity Skin" was nominated for Best Rock Album at the 1999 Grammy Awards.


title: Celebrity Skin

text: "Celebrity Skin" was a commercial success, charting in various countries within a week of its release. In the United States, the album debuted at number nine on the "Billboard" 200 with sales of 86,000 copies in its first week. The album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on October 13, 1998, and later certified platinum on December 21 for shipments in excess of one million copies. As of April 2010, it had sold 1.4 million copies in the United States.


title: Celebrity Skin

text: The album has also been certified Platinum by platinum by Music Canada (MC), peaking at number three with sales of over 100,000 copies, and two times Platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), peaking at number four, with sales of over 140,000 copies. In the United Kingdom, it peaked at number 11 with 124,221 copies sold, and was certified Gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). Additionally, the album peaked at number 15 on the Austrian Albums Chart; on Switzerland's Albums Chart at number six; on Sweden's Albums Chart at number 10; and on the New Zealand Music Chart at number 15, where it was also certified gold.


title: Superfluidity

text: Superfluidity is the characteristic property of a fluid with zero viscosity which therefore flows without any loss of kinetic energy. When stirred, a superfluid forms vortices that continue to rotate indefinitely. Superfluidity occurs in two isotopes of helium (helium-3 and helium-4) when they are liquefied by cooling to cryogenic temperatures. It is also a property of various other exotic states of matter theorized to exist in astrophysics, high-energy physics, and theories of quantum gravity. The theory of superfluidity was developed by Soviet theoretical physicists Lev Landau and Isaak Khalatnikov.


title: Superfluidity

text: Superfluidity is often coincidental with Bose–Einstein condensation, but neither phenomenon is directly related to the other; not all Bose–Einstein condensates can be regarded as superfluids, and not all superfluids are Bose–Einstein condensates.


title: Superfluidity

text: Superfluidity was discovered in helium-4 by Pyotr Kapitsa and independently by John F. Allen and Don Misener in 1937. It has since been described through phenomenology and microscopic theories. In liquid helium-4, the superfluidity occurs at far higher temperatures than it does in helium-3. Each atom of helium-4 is a boson particle, by virtue of its integer spin. A helium-3 atom is a fermion particle; it can form bosons only by pairing with another particle like itself at much lower temperatures. The discovery of superfluidity in helium-3 was the basis for the award of the 1996 Nobel Prize in Physics. This process is similar to the electron pairing in superconductivity.


title: Superfluidity

text: Superfluidity in an ultracold fermionic gas was experimentally proven by Wolfgang Ketterle and his team who observed quantum vortices in lithium-6 at a temperature of 50 nK at MIT in April 2005. Such vortices had previously been observed in an ultracold bosonic gas using rubidium-87 in 2000, and more recently in two-dimensional gases. As early as 1999, Lene Hau created such a condensate using sodium atoms for the purpose of slowing light, and later stopping it completely. Her team subsequently used this system of compressed light to generate the superfluid analogue of shock waves and tornadoes:


title: Superfluidity

text: The idea that superfluidity exists inside neutron stars was first proposed by Arkady Migdal. By analogy with electrons inside superconductors forming Cooper pairs because of electron-lattice interaction, it is expected that nucleons in a neutron star at sufficiently high density and low temperature can also form Cooper pairs because of the long-range attractive nuclear force and lead to superfluidity and superconductivity.


title: Superfluidity

text: Superfluid vacuum theory (SVT) is an approach in theoretical physics and quantum mechanics where the physical vacuum is viewed as superfluid.


title: Superfluidity

text: The ultimate goal of the approach is to develop scientific models that unify quantum mechanics (describing three of the four known fundamental interactions) with gravity. This makes SVT a candidate for the theory of quantum gravity and an extension of the Standard Model.


title: Superfluidity

text: It is hoped that development of such theory would unify into a single consistent model of all fundamental interactions,


title: Superfluidity

text: and to describe all known interactions and elementary particles as different manifestations of the same entity, superfluid vacuum.


title: Superfluidity

text: On the macro-scale a larger similar phenomenon has been suggested as happening in the murmurations of starlings. The rapidity of change in flight patterns mimics the phase change leading to superfluidity in some liquid states.


title: Conrad Vernon

text: Conrad Vernon (born July 11, 1968) is an American voice actor, director, writer, and storyboard artist best known for his work on the DreamWorks animated film series "Shrek" as well as other films such as "Monsters vs. Aliens", "", and "Penguins of Madagascar". He also co-directed non-DreamWorks animated films such as Sony Pictures’ "Sausage Party" and MGM’s "The Addams Family".


title: Conrad Vernon

text: Vernon, a native of Lubbock, Texas, studied at CalArts and worked as a storyboard artist for animated productions (including Ralph Bakshi's "Cool World"); he also directed "Morto the Magician" (a four-minute animated film written by Steve Martin).


title: Conrad Vernon

text: In 1996, he joined DreamWorks, where he worked as a storyboard artist on "Antz". After "Antz" proved a success as the first animated feature film to be produced by DreamWorks Animation, Vernon signed on as a writer for "Shrek", where he was responsible for the Gingerbread Man, and eventually voiced that character. He also appeared in "Shrek 4-D" and "".


title: Conrad Vernon

text: In June 2004, he made his feature film directorial debut with the Academy Award nominated "Shrek 2". He voiced Mason the chimpanzee for the DreamWorks Animation films "Madagascar", "", "" (for which he is also credited as director) and its spin off "Penguins of Madagascar" (where he voiced Rico, one of the penguins) and reprised the voice of Mason in the television series.


title: Conrad Vernon

text: In 2009, Vernon and Rob Letterman co-directed the 3D animated film "Monsters vs. Aliens", which he co wrote as well as supplying several voices.


title: Conrad Vernon

text: Vernon and Greg Tiernan co-directed the adult animated comedy "Sausage Party" (2016), from a story by Seth Rogen, Evan Goldberg, and Jonah Hill, as well as providing some of the voices. Vernon next co-produced and co-directed, again with Tiernan, an animated version of "The Addams Family", which was released in October 2019. He supplied voice roles for both "Sausage Party" and "The Addams Family", including Lurch in the latter. He was scheduled to return as director alongside Tiernan for "The Addams Family 2", released in October 2021. In October 2020, it was announced that he would no longer be involved as director, though he ultimately received co-billing with Tiernan.


title: Conrad Vernon

text: In 2017, Vernon was hired to direct an animated feature adaptation of "The Jetsons", from a screenplay by Matt Lieberman, which is being made by Warner Bros., under its Warner Animation Group banner.


title: The Nut Job

text: The Nut Job is a 2014 computer-animated heist comedy film directed by Peter Lepeniotis, who also wrote the film with Lorne Cameron. It stars the voices of Will Arnett, Brendan Fraser, Liam Neeson, Katherine Heigl, Stephen Lang, Jeff Dunham, Gabriel Iglesias, and Sarah Gadon. The film is loosely based on Lepeniotis' 2005 short animated film "Surly Squirrel". Produced by Gulfstream Pictures, Redrover International and ToonBox Entertainment, it was released in the United States on January 17, 2014, by Open Road Films. The film received negative reviews, but grossed $120.9 million worldwide against a production budget of $30 million.


title: The Nut Job

text: In October 1959 of the fictional town of Oakton City, a squirrel named Surly and his mute rat partner Buddy reside in Liberty Park where their thieving reputation has made them outcasts. A group of urban animals led by Raccoon and his cardinal assistant are running low on food for winter. Compassionate squirrel, Andie, and glory hogging squirrel, Grayson, compete with Surly and Buddy to scavenge from a nut cart run by Lucky and Fingers who are casing a bank. The squirrels' efforts inadvertently end with the cart's propane tank exploding in the park after its cord was bitten by Fingers' pug Precious. The runaway cart ends up destroying the animals' food supply, resulting in Surly's banishment from the park.


title: The Nut Job

text: In the city, Surly and Buddy find Maury's Nut Shop. Adjacent to the bank, it is a criminal hideout used by Lucky, Fingers, their boss who was recently released from jail Percy "King" Dimpleweed, and Knuckles, who plan to break through the wall and replace the bank's cash with nuts. King's girlfriend Lana believes that King has gone straight after his release from prison and the nut store is legitimate.


title: The Nut Job

text: Raccoon sends Andie and Grayson to the city to find food, but they get separated when a street rat approaches them. Andie recovers Fingers' dog whistle, which Knuckles threw out and Surly had used against Precious, and threatens to dispose of it if Surly does not share the nuts he is going to take. Surly accepts and unwittingly befriends Precious after threatening her with the whistle. Andie informs the park community of the plan. Raccoon reluctantly goes with the plan (though planning to deny Surly his share) and assigns Mole and the Bruisers to go with her. Surly confronts, interrogates, and eventually learns from Mole that Raccoon's policy is to control the food supply in order to remain as the park community's leader, and is planning on sabotaging the heist to do so. When Andie does not believe him, Surly storms off after Grayson reunites with them. While collecting the nuts, Surly is captured by King, but he gets freed by Lana since he doesn't have the whistle anymore and she finds out that King hasn't changed his criminal ways. She then leaves King.


title: The Nut Job

text: After fending off street rats who work for Raccoon, Surly and Grayson chase the criminal gang's getaway truck, which carries Raccoon and the others. Surly fights off Cardinal and tosses him straight into a fancy cat show, and Mole defects from Raccoon and reveals the truth to the animals, resulting in Raccoon being voted out of the park community. King and Knuckles use the dynamite inside the empty truck to blow up a police barricade at a dam, but the police shoots the tire on the truck that falls from the dam. It explodes after Surly gets himself and Andie off it, causing the dam to collapse, a flash flood to happen, and everyone falling into the river below. Surly makes it to a log, but finds out that Raccoon, King, and Knuckles survived the explosion. Raccoon tries to kill Surly, but the nuts' & water's weight begins to break the log & push it over a waterfall. The animals arrive to rescue Surly, but Surly, deciding to be selfless in order to protect his friends, lets himself fall into the waterfall with Raccoon. Now seeing the good side of Surly, the park community mourns him as they go home on the river.


title: The Nut Job

text: The nuts & the flood make their way to Liberty Park where King and his associates are arrested as Lana breaks up with King. Andie and Buddy are still mourning over Surly, and when Precious learns what happened, she has Buddy come look at an unconscious Surly, who wakes up and hugs Buddy. Afterward, Precious leaves to meet Lana, who plans to run Maury's Nut Shop. Finding Surly alive, Andie embraces him and suggests to tell the other animals of his heroism. However, Surly declines, yet gains a willingness to work with others, and goes into the city with Buddy, allowing Grayson to take credit for the nuts making it to the park.


title: The Nut Job

text: In a mid-credits scene, Raccoon and Cardinal are revealed to still be alive and are plotting revenge, while stuck on a buoy in the ocean, surrounded by hungry sharks circling them.


title: The Nut Job

text: The film's concept originated as a 2005 short film titled "Surly Squirrel". A second short film, "Nuts & Robbers", was released as a teaser for "The Nut Job."


title: The Nut Job

text: On January 17, 2011, it was announced that Lorne Cameron would write the screenplay for the film, along with Peter Lepeniotis. On November 15, 2012, it was announced that Katherine Heigl, Will Arnett and Brendan Fraser had joined the cast of the film, and on March 1, 2013, it was announced that Liam Neeson has also joined. On December 19, 2013, it was announced that South Korean entertainer PSY makes a cameo appearance as himself during the film's ending credits, which also features his hit song "Gangnam Style".


title: The Nut Job

text: The film was released in the United States on January 17, 2014, and distributed by Open Road Films. International distribution was handled by The Weinstein Company and Universal Pictures. The first teaser trailer for the film was released on September 27, 2013. The film had its premiere at a Regal Cinemas theater in Los Angeles on January 11, 2014.


title: The Nut Job

text: "The Nut Job" was released on DVD and Blu-ray on April 15, 2014, by Universal Pictures Home Entertainment.


title: The Nut Job

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 13%, based on 98 reviews, and an average score of 4/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Hampered by an unlikable central character and source material stretched too thin to cover its brief running time, "The Nut Job" will provoke an allergic reaction in all but the least demanding moviegoers." On Metacritic, which calculates a normalized rating from reviews, the film has an average weighted score of 37 out of 100, based on 28 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film a "B" grade, on an A+ to F scale.


title: The Nut Job

text: Peter Debruge of "Variety" wrote, ""The Nut Job" comes up short compared with a film like "Ratatouille", which, despite its less-than-adorable rodents, won audiences over through appealing voicework and writing." Alonso Duralde of "The Wrap" wrote, ""The Nut Job" is merely shrill and frantic, chock-full of uninspired characters and tedious wackiness." Michael Rechtshaffen of "The Hollywood Reporter" wrote, "A whimsical period setting helps this 3D animated caper escape some overly familiar trappings." Bill Goodykoontz of "The Arizona Republic" wrote, "Arnett is a great comedic actor, an acidic wit. But here his Surly is just a selfish jerk. If there weren't some redemption involved, this wouldn't be a by-the-numbers animated feature. But it is, and there is, and it is wholly predictable." Linda Barnard of the "Toronto Star" gave the film two out of four stars, saying, "If "The Nut Job" fails to connect through its characters it deserves praise for being a visually inspired effort, with clear homage paid to 1950s animation styles, especially Warner Bros. classics." Chris Cabin of "Slant Magazine" gave the film one out of four stars, saying, "There's no personality in the design or the script, which only renders the cynical aftertaste of this convoluted one-squirrel-against the-world story all the more potent." Jordan Hoffman of the New York "Daily News" gave the film two out of five stars, saying, "The cartoon is stuffed with exhausting visual mayhem. Some jokes land, but most kids over 10 will roll their eyes."


title: The Nut Job

text: Joe Williams of the "St. Louis Post-Dispatch" gave the film one and a half stars out of four, saying, "The burnished backgrounds are pleasant to look at, but finding something to savor in the story is a tough nut to crack." Michael Phillips of the "Chicago Tribune" gave the film one out of four stars, saying, ""The Nut Job" fights its protagonist's own charmlessness from the first scene. Turning a dislikable leading character a little less dislikable by the end credits sets an awfully low bar for this sort of thing." Rafer Guzman of "Newsday" gave the film one and a half stars out of four, saying, "The overall mood resembles a furry, nut-based version of Stanley Kubrick's "The Killing"." Peter Hartlaub of the "San Francisco Chronicle" gave the film two out of four stars, saying, "Someone spent a lot of time making the architecture and production design match the era. Grandparents getting dragged to "The Nut Job" will be appreciative." Annlee Ellingson of the "Los Angeles Times" wrote, ""The Nut Job" features decent CG animation, especially of animals, but the writing isn't particularly clever, relying on obvious puns and slapstick humor." Stephanie Merry of "The Washington Post" gave the film two out of five stars, saying, "That feeling of been-there-done-that is pervasive, with many of the jokes sounding like they were ripped off from other movies." Kevin McFarland of "The A.V. Club" gave the film an F, saying, "The most egregious problem with "The Nut Job" is how shamelessly it fills in the gaps left by expanding Lepeniotis’ short with generic and tedious rogue-to-hero cliché." Lou Lumenick of the "New York Post" gave the film two and a half stars out of four, saying, "The small-town setting of a half-century ago is beautifully animated by director Peter Lepenotis and his team, and there are some nicely staged old-school action sequences."


title: The Nut Job

text: Scott Bowles of "USA Today" gave the film one and a half stars out of four, saying, "When the story gets stale, the movie inserts a 'nuts' pun or, worse, resorts to a gas or burp joke. It doesn't work the first time, nor the fifth." Miriam Bale of "The New York Times" wrote, ""The Nut Job" features muddy-colored and often ugly animation, a plot that feels too stretched out and loaded with details to hold the attention of most children, and more flatulence jokes than anyone deserves." Adam Nayman of "The Globe and Mail" gave the film two out of four stars, saying, "Only a multilevel chase sequence involving Surly and some glowing-eyed street rats has any real kinetic excitement, and the supporting characters lack visual distinction." Bill Zwecker of the "Chicago Sun-Times" gave the film two and a half stars out of four, saying, "The bottom line: Kids may be mildly amused by "The Nut Job", but adults accompanying them won't find much to capture their interest." Kimberley Jones of "The Austin Chronicle" gave the film two out of five stars, saying, "The richly hued CG animation is quite nice – a mix of hyperdetailed character work and painterly cityscapes and pastorals – and the script putters along with small but regular amusements." Tom Russo of "The Boston Globe" gave the film one and a half stars out of four, saying, "The plot doesn’t take clever turns, the visual thrills aren’t all that thrilling, and you’re ultimately left to get your heist-movie kicks elsewhere." Joel Arnold of "NPR" wrote, "Once Surly and Buddy case the joint, develop a plan, and deal with the inevitable surprises, "The Nut Job" could be any classic caper flick."


title: The Nut Job

text: "The Nut Job" grossed over $64 million in North America, and over $56 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of over $120 million. In North America, the film opened at number three in its first weekend, with $19,423,000, behind "Ride Along" and "Lone Survivor". It had the biggest opening weekend ever for an independent animated feature film. In its second weekend, the film stayed at number three, grossing an additional $12 million. In its third weekend, the film dropped to number four, grossing over $7 million, and in its fourth weekend, the film dropped to number eight, grossing over 3 million.


title: The Nut Job

text: "The Nut Job" won the Audience Award for Best Children's Animation at the 2015 Anima: The Brussels Animation Film Festival.


title: The Nut Job

text: The film was nominated for Best Sound Editing – Feature Film at the 2014 Directors Guild of Canada Awards. Paul Hunter won for "The Nut Job" in the Best Editing in Animation category at the Canadian Cinema Editors Awards.


title: The Nut Job

text: On January 23, 2014, "The Nut Job 2" was announced, with an initial release date of January 15, 2016. On April 11, 2016, the release date was pushed back to May 19, 2017. Will Arnett, Gabriel Iglesias, Jeff Dunham, Katherine Heigl and Maya Rudolph reprised their roles. The film details the park animals banding together to prevent a crooked mayor from bulldozing Liberty Park and replacing it with a dangerous amusement park. On May 25, 2016, Heitor Pereira was hired to score the film. On July 5, 2016, Jackie Chan joined the cast as territorial street mouse gang leader Mr. Feng. In December 2016, the film was pushed back to August 11, 2017.


title: Living Things (Linkin Park album)

text: Living Things (stylized in all caps) is the fifth studio album by the American rock band Linkin Park. It was released under Warner Bros. Records and Machine Shop Recordings on June 26, 2012, in Japan, and throughout the rest of the world during the following week. Production was handled by vocalist Mike Shinoda and Rick Rubin, who both co-produced the band's previous two studio albums, "Minutes to Midnight" (2007) and "A Thousand Suns" (2010). "Living Things" was their last album to be produced by Rubin and recorded at NRG Recording Studios.


title: Living Things (Linkin Park album)

text: The band states that "Living Things" combines elements from their previous four studio albums to create a new sound. They stated they finally felt they were in "familiar territory" and "comfortable in [their] own skin" after years of experimentation that resulted in their two previous studio albums, "Minutes to Midnight" and "A Thousand Suns". "Living Things" was chosen as the album's title because of the numerous personal topics on the album.


title: Living Things (Linkin Park album)

text: The lead single for the album, "Burn It Down", was sent to radio and released to digital music retailers on April 16, 2012. "Living Things" debuted at number one on "Billboard" 200 with sales of 223,000 copies in the United States in its opening week. The second single for the album, "Lost in the Echo", was released on October 5, 2012. The third single "Powerless" was released on October 31, 2012. The fourth and final single for the album, "Castle of Glass", was released in its physical format on February 1, 2013. The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA in August 2017.


title: Living Things (Linkin Park album)

text: The recording of "Living Things" started in March 2011 and ended in April 2012. In June 2011, lead singer Chester Bennington revealed to "Kerrang!" that Linkin Park had begun working on new material for their fifth album. He explained, "We've been working on a new record for the past two months. The music is great and we're well ahead of where we're expecting to be. There aren't a whole lot of noises going on, but there are a lot of good songs."


title: Living Things (Linkin Park album)

text: The band's co-lead vocalist and rapper, Mike Shinoda, and Rick Rubin served as producers for the album. "Typically we'll have a once-a-week meeting to go listen to the songs that they're coming up with and talk about them. For so early in the project, they are much further along than they have been on the last two albums we did. On "A Thousand Suns" there were still a lot of irons in the fire. We knew, 'OK, we can't do this forever. Let's leave this batch and we'll come back and address it when we start up again, Rubin said. Bennington explained that Rubin "gives us spaces to just be ourselves and to work on our own...He gives us a clear and concise description of what he likes...He would like us to push ourselves into a more fresh take on that particular sound." He also stated that Shinoda guides the band through the process of each song, and called the team-up of Shinoda and Rubin "our golden ticket."


title: Living Things (Linkin Park album)

text: In July 2011, Bennington told "Rolling Stone" that Linkin Park aims to produce a new album every eighteen months, and that he would be shocked if a new album did not come out in 2012. The band continues to record and produce new material even while touring. Bennington commented on Linkin Park's schedule, stating, "Touring for two years is excruciating. When we would tour for two years even the most resilient person in the band, at the end of that, was fucking miserable." He further elaborated on their ideas in an interview with MTV saying, "We do have a really great head start. We've got some great music, some good ideas. The creativity has continued to flow for us for the last few years, consistently." He later revealed in another interview in September 2011 that the band was still in the beginning phases of the next album, saying "We just kind of began. We like to keep the creative juices flowing, so we try to keep that going all the time...we like the direction that we're going in." Shinoda told "Complex" that they spent a year in making the album, as well as elaborating on the album's sound, saying that "It doesn't lose any of the creativity of the newer stuff and it brings in the energy of the older stuff. It's kind of a comprehensive sound. I feel like we've been able to take all the stuff we've learned on the way and put it all together in each song and still keep it fresh and forward-thinking." Shinoda told HitFix that the process of the album "felt like a drug trip...we were looking to redefine everything."


title: Living Things (Linkin Park album)

text: Shinoda spoke to "Co.Create" about the album's art, saying that it will "blow [the fans] away...the average person is not going to be able to look at it and go, I understand that that's completely new, like not just the image but the way they made the image is totally new. So there's going to be that." The band underwent 360 degree body scans for numerous lyric videos and artwork for the album. The album's art was released on April 16, 2012, along with the album's first single, "Burn It Down".


title: Living Things (Linkin Park album)

text: In an interview featured in the March 21, 2012 issue of "Kerrang!" magazine, Bennington stated that the band has returned to more "familiar" territory on their new record, saying "with this [new] album, we've incorporated a lot of guitar work with big choruses and the heavier electronic stuff to give it that really big wall of sound feeling without getting too metal. This will be more familiar to people than "A Thousand Suns" was, where we were like 'Fuck it, we're just going to go bonkers." Bennington also said that the new album's lyrics would be personal and avoid being political, adding "We've been writing a lot about relationships." Bennington and Shinoda echoed similar statements during an interview with "Spin", with the former commenting that "We now know we have the skills and the tools to take those ideas and make them into what we're actually looking for, as opposed to getting into it and discovering that it just sounds really nü-metal. That's always going to be gross to us, but we can take elements of that and reinvent the vibe, make it new and fresh." The two previewed five songs from the album, as well as announced that they had collaborated with Canadian musician Owen Pallett. The vocalists also stated that they have adopted numerous influences and topics for the album, particularly about people.


title: Living Things (Linkin Park album)

text: Bennington told Live 105 that the band is "embracing everything that [they] have done in the past," taking the "best pieces" of their previous four albums and "smash[ing] them together into this new record." Shinoda explained in an interview with "NME" that the album would not return to their nu metal sound, however he assured that the record "gets back to our roots and it's captured a feeling that we haven't gone after in many years." He also spoke similar statements to Bennington about combining elements of all four albums, saying, "We've learned so much from all the albums we've done, so we've taken everything we've learned and mixed it all into one." Shinoda stated that the album is more "rap-centric" compared to their previous two albums. Shinoda told "Musique Mag" that the band wanted the album to be "more energetic [and] song-based", as opposed to their previous album, "A Thousand Suns", which was more of a concept record.


title: Living Things (Linkin Park album)

text: The band had numerous influences and inspirations for "Living Things". Shinoda told "Rolling Stone" that "Castle of Glass", "Skin to Bone" and "Roads Untraveled" contained folk music influenced by the works of Bob Dylan, as well as the inspirations of Dylan. In the seventh track "Victimized", which "Rolling Stone" described as "the band's most aggressive track in years", was influenced by punk rock bands such as Pennywise and Dirty Rotten Imbeciles. Shinoda noted the minimal content of numerous punk rock songs attributed to the short length of "Victimized"; bassist Dave "Phoenix" Farrell noted that the song's working title, "Battle Axe", "which to me is..what that song is; it's just this big 'crack' and then you're out." Like the band's first two albums, the penultimate track ("Tinfoil") is an instrumental. Brad Delson, the band's guitarist, has vocals in the tenth track "Until It Breaks", which was Delson's idea. The album explores the genres alternative rock, electronic rock and rap rock.


title: Living Things (Linkin Park album)

text: The band toured with Incubus and Mutemath on the 2012 Honda Civic Tour. The band's concert at the Admiralspalast Theatre in Berlin, Germany was recorded and was shown in theaters on June 25, 2012, for one night only. The band performed a private concert at the 2012 X Games in Los Angeles. On July 23, 2012, Linkin Park announced they would be touring South Africa for the first time, performing in Johannesburg and Cape Town in November 2012.


title: Living Things (Linkin Park album)

text: On March 28, 2012, Shinoda confirmed that the album's first single is "Burn It Down". On April 11, 2012, it was confirmed that it would be sent for radio airplay and released to iTunes digital download on April 16, 2012. Shinoda also confirmed they were filming a music video for the song, with the band's turntablist Joe Hahn directing the video. The band teamed up with the Lotus F1 team to create a musical racing iPad app titled "Linkin Park GP", where players drive a Lotus E20 and interact with an environment that allows the player to create a remix of "Burn It Down", as well as zooming into individual sections of the song. The music video for "Burn It Down" premiered on MTV on May 24, 2012.


title: Living Things (Linkin Park album)

text: On April 15, 2012, Mike Shinoda posted a blog update confirming that the new album title is "Living Things" and that the album would be available for pre-order through their website, starting April 16. "Living Things" was released on June 26, 2012. Pre-orders for the album began on April 17, 2012; upon purchase, fans were subscribed to "Living Things Remixed", remixed songs from the album. In celebration of the release of "Living Things", the band teamed up with music streaming website Spotify to release live compilations of each album era.


title: Living Things (Linkin Park album)

text: On May 9, 2012, a worldwide interactive scavenger hunt commenced. Shinoda proclaimed the near-end of the scavenger hunt on May 23, 2012, stating he would call BBC Radio 1 DJ Zane Lowe the next day to premiere a new song from "Living Things", the result of the hunt. The song that premiered on BBC Radio 1 on May 24, 2012, was the album's fourth track, "Lies Greed Misery".


title: Living Things (Linkin Park album)

text: On June 4, 2012, the official lyric video of "Lies Greed Misery" premiered. On the same day, "Lies Greed Misery" was featured in a trailer for the video game "", that was revealed by Electronic Arts at E3 2012. "Castle of Glass" was also confirmed to be featured in "Medal of Honor: Warfighter". "Powerless", the twelfth and closing track of the album, is featured in the closing credits to the film "". A performance music video of "Powerless" featuring scenes from the film was released on Yahoo!. The music video was directed by Timur Bekmambetov, director of "Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter". The official lyric video for "Lost in the Echo" was released via Linkin Park's official YouTube page on June 29, 2012. and the official music video was released on September 4, 2012. On October 5, 2012, "Lost in the Echo" was released as the album's second single. On October 10, 2012, Linkin Park released the music video for "Castle of Glass". On October 31, 2012, "Powerless" was released as an iTunes-only single in Japan, although there has been neither an official statement about "Powerless" being a single nor any promotion around the release date. "I'll Be Gone" was released to alternative radio as a promotional single on December 5, 2012, while "Castle of Glass" was released as the album's third single on February 1, 2013 and impacted US radio on January 5, 2013.


title: Living Things (Linkin Park album)

text: "Living Things" debuted at number one on the "Billboard" 200, selling 223,000 copies, beating out Maroon 5's "Overexposed" by 1,000 sales, according to Nielsen SoundScan, and fell to number 5 on its second week on chart selling 64,000 copies. The album has reached the top spot in seventeen countries becoming their best charting album so far and has been certified Gold in Australia for shipments of at least 35,000 copies, and also attained Gold certification in Switzerland. It also debuted at number one in UK Albums Chart, selling 41,000 copies beating out Maroon 5's album once again. In Canada, the album also debuted at number one selling at least 20,000 copies. As of 2014, the album has sold 681,000 copies in the United States.


title: Living Things (Linkin Park album)

text: Upon its release, the album was met with mixed reviews from critics. According to the aggregate review website Metacritic, "Living Things" holds a score of 60 out of 100 based on 15 collected reviews, indicating "mixed to average reviews."


title: Living Things (Linkin Park album)

text: Chad Childers of "Loudwire" stated that "the album as a whole continues to expand their world-view writing like what listeners got with "A Thousand Suns", but it also adds more of the anger that was prevalent in their earliest work, "Hybrid Theory"." Stephen Thomas Erlewine from AllMusic declared that "there is definition to their structure, some of the choruses catch hold without too much effort -- but this album remains one of sustained mood, not individual moments" and concludes that the album is "a fitting soundtrack for aging rap-rockers who are comfortable in their skin but restless at heart". "The Guardian" writer Dave Simpson observed that ""Living Things" is more personal than "A Thousand Suns", with underlying themes of recovery from traumatic experiences. The exception, Burn It Down, delivers an antiwar sentiment via Depeche Mode-y electro-bounce, while the similarly standout Roads Untraveled is an eerie confessional ballad", and concluded that ""Living Things" would have benefited from more of such adventure, but they still sound like a band enjoying an unexpected second life". Johan Wippsson of "Melodic" wrote that the album is "too little too pop-oriented and made for the charts than before. The synthesizers are a bit too intent to Coldplay mode, but assume that the band felt it was time to conquer the charts again." PopMatters' Jordan Blum concluded that “"Living Things" is a very good entry that’s simply not as special as its precursor." Phil Mongredien from "The Observer" comments on their refusal to play it safe and praises their boldness.


title: Living Things (Linkin Park album)

text: Tim Grierson at About.com stated that "Living Things" is "a straightforward collection that plays to their rap-rock strengths, and while it’s often musically engaging, these 12 songs don’t have enough cumulative impact. As a result, the record ends up being a diverting experience rather than an arresting one." At "The A.V. Club", Evan Rytlewski commented that the band "can dial down (or turn back up) the heaviness all it wants, recruit the most Grammy-proven producers, and keep current with the latest electronic textures, but those moves can only take Linkin Park so far when its songs have all the emotional range of an MMA bout". Another mixed review from Hamish MacBain at "NME" stated that "...their foray into said genre here is restricted to the three minutes of ‘Castle of Glass’. The rest is... well, to be fair, they've obviously been listening to a bit of Skrillex, and thus the heavy guitar thud of yore has been replaced by a new, heavy electronic thud, but that aside it's largely the usual semi-hilarious histrionica to which we’ve become accustomed." MacBain also added that, in the sub-description of the review, the album is "A predictable earache".


title: Living Things (Linkin Park album)

text: Living Things (Acapellas and Instrumentals) is the first instrumental and a capella tracks album performed by American rock band Linkin Park, taken from their fifth studio album "Living Things". The album was released on iTunes, and was released through Warner Bros. and Machine Shop on June 25, 2012, it was produced by Rick Rubin and Mike Shinoda. This album was released before the release of "Living Things" on June 26, 2012. The album was released by Linkin Park after Shinoda heard all the remixes of their songs by other producers, and it was confirmed on their official website.


title: SnowRunner

text: SnowRunner is a 2020 off-road simulation video game developed by Saber Interactive and published by Focus Home Interactive. Following on from "Spintires" and the sequel "MudRunner", the game was announced as "MudRunner 2" in August 2018. Focus Home and Saber Interactive decided to re-reveal the title a year later as "Snowrunner". The game was released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One on April 28, 2020, which was followed by a port for Nintendo Switch on May 18, 2021. It was released for PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X/S on May 31, 2022. "Snowrunner" has the player control off-road vehicles as they traverse locations to complete objectives. The game features over 60 different vehicles and more than 15 sandbox locations.


title: SnowRunner

text: "SnowRunner" is an off-roading open world simulation video game where the player's job is to deliver cargo to different locations while driving over rough terrain. The game has a damage system in which there is both damage on the physical model and also damage shown through a user interface (UI). Each of the game regions is set after a disaster has taken place, whether natural like a flood or manmade, such as a pipeline breaking. Every location is a rural region in either North America or Russia. As the player progresses by doing certain missions, they earn money which can then be spent on either upgrades for their current vehicles or better vehicles altogether. Both of these usually make it easier for the player to traverse the game's difficult terrain. Along the way the player encounters optional timed missions in which the rewards for completion get better the faster the player completes them. Each region has its own story associated with it, usually involving the player fixing the damage caused by the disaster that occurred in the region. The game also features a mix of aesthetic and mechanical customizations, ranging from changing the color of the player's vehicle, to changing the type of tires on the vehicle or installing a frame attachment. "SnowRunner" has a large selection of trucks, such as the Chevrolet Kodiak and the BAZ-6402; trucks found in the North American or Russian regions match the nationality of their location. The Russian trucks usually have names differing from real life, while the North American trucks are officially licensed. Mechanical improvements to trucks usually require the player to reach a certain progress threshold before being able to purchase and install them. The game has downloadable content (DLC) including skin packs, map expansions and additional vehicles.


title: SnowRunner

text: "SnowRunner" is based on the same physics engine developed by Pavel Zagrebelnyy, as "MudRunner". However during development of "SnowRunner", Zagrebelnyy was mainly involved as a consultant, rather than deciding on the gameplay.


title: SnowRunner

text: The game received "generally positive" reviews according to media review aggregator website Metacritic across its three platform releases. Some critics praised the visuals and pacing of the game.


title: SnowRunner

text: The game sold more than one million copies by July 2020. More than 2 million copies had been sold by May 2021.


title: Ingria

text: Ingria is a historical region in what is now northwestern European Russia. It lies along the southeastern shore of the Gulf of Finland, bordered by Lake Ladoga on the Karelian Isthmus in the north and by the River Narva on the border with Estonia in the west. The earliest known indigenous European peoples of the region are the now mostly Eastern Orthodox Izhorians and Votians, as well as the Ingrian Finns who descend from the Lutheran Finnish immigrants who settled in the area in the 17th century, when Finland proper and Ingria were both parts of the Swedish Empire.