title: Gijón

text: The city is situated along the Asturian coast and is distinguished by the peninsula of Cimavilla (the original settlement) which separates the beach of San Lorenzo and adjacent neighborhoods to the east from the beaches of Poniente and Arbeyal, the shipyards, and the recreational port and the Port of El Musel to the west. It is close to the other main Asturian cities, Oviedo and Avilés.


title: Gijón

text: Gijón has a temperate oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification "Cfb") typical of the Atlantic coast of Spain, with cool summers and wet and mostly mild winters. The onshore flow from the Atlantic Ocean creates a cool summer and mild winter climate where severe heat and very cold temperatures are rare. The narrow temperature range is demonstrated by the record August temperature being only 6.4 °C warmer than the all-time record January temperature. The climate is wet and cloudy by Spanish standards, but is indeed drier than other locations on the Atlantic in the country. Humidity is high year-round.


title: Gijón

text: Summer temperatures are very consistent as proven by the fact that the all-time warmest month of August 1997 had an average temperature of and no month has ever been recorded at an average high above in comparison to the August normal high. Another clear underlining of the marine influence is that the coolest ever August has been as near the average as .


title: Gijón

text: Gijón is divided in six districts: Center, East, South, West, El Llano and Rural. In this last one, all the peri-urban zone and the rural parishes are integrated.


title: Gijón

text: According to the 2021 Municipal Population Register (INE), the council had 268,896 inhabitants, of which 142,411 are women and 126,485 are men.


title: Gijón

text: The municipal population grew remarkably throughout the 20th century, especially between the 1960s and 1980s, a period in which it doubled. Starting in the 1990s, growth stagnated, reflecting the similar slowdown at the national level of Spain. However, due to immigration, both from other Asturias councils and from abroad, the population started to increase again at the turn of the 21st century.


title: Gijón

text: Gijón is the cultural centre of the region of Asturias. Cultural activities are carried out throughout the year, which increase considerably in the summer months, especially in August due to the Feast of the Assumption, with parties, music and theater. This complements the continuous programming of the Teatro Municipal Jovellanos (Jovellanos Municipal Theater). The various festivities carried out in Gijón include:


title: Gijón

text: The Universidad Laboral de Gijón, completed in 1955, contains the LABoral Centro de Arte y Creación Industrial (Laboral Center of Art and Industrial Creation). The center was inaugurated on March 30, 2007 as an interdisciplinary space to promote artistic exchange and foster the relationship between society, art, science, technology and the creative industries.


title: Gijón

text: In recent years, Gijón has become a stop city for the Cirque du Soleil. The performances of the Cirque du Soleil have been very successful in the city. In July 2004, Saltimbanco arrived and in the summer of 2007, they presented Alegría in Gijón, the first time that this tour stopped in northern Spain. During the summer of 2009, Cirque du Soleil returned to Gijón with the Varekai show.


title: Gijón

text: Gijón is the birth place of several notable people, like Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos, statesman, author, philosopher and a major figure of the Age of Enlightenment.


title: Gijón

text: José Luis Garci filmed most of the footage from the film "Volver a empezar" in the city during the early 1980s. The film would later win an Academy Award for Best Foreign Film. In the early 1990s there was a boom in indie music bands in the town, which became known as the "Xixón Sound". The comedy was also filmed in part in the City of Culture of Gijón. In 2009, the Laboral and its surroundings were converted to the University of Oxford for Fernando González Molina's film, Brain Drain.


title: Gijón

text: There are two campuses located in Gijón, one of the University of Oviedo and other of the National University of Distance Education.


title: Gijón

text: Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Computers and Systems Engineering, Chemical Engineering and Telecommunication Engineering.


title: Gijón

text: In team sports, Gijón's professional football team, Sporting de Gijón, currently plays in the Spanish second division. CP Gijón Solimar is one of the most important women's roller hockey teams in Europe as it is five times champion of the European Cup.


title: Gijón

text: Círculo Gijón is the main basketball team of the city, and plays in Spanish basketball third tier. Gijón Baloncesto, folded in 2009, was the most important team of this sport in Gijón, and played four seasons in the Liga ACB, the most important national league in Europe.


title: Gijón

text: CSI Gijón is Spain's official show jumping horse show which is held annually in Gijón's equestrian facility.


title: Gijón

text: There is also a private sports club in Gijón with more than 33,000 members, Real Grupo de Cultura Covadonga, the biggest club in Asturias. Its handball section plays in the third division, where also plays AB Gijón Jovellanos, and its women's volleyball team plays also in the Spanish second league.


title: Gijón

text: The city's marina houses an important fleet of yachts and is the base for many water sports, being Royal Astur Yacht Club the most important yacht club in town.


title: Gijón

text: The biggest sport centers in Gijón are Estadio El Molinón, with 30,000 seats, Plaza de Toros de El Bibio with 12,000 and Palacio de Deportes with 5,000 seats. Games were played in town during the 1982 FIFA World Cup.


title: Gijón

text: The city has in total 13 public sport centers (in Spanish: "Centros Municipales Integrados") with swimming pools, gyms and saunas. Swimming pools are free for children up to age 14.


title: Gijón

text: For much of the 20th century the town was heavily dependent on mature heavy industries, but at the end of the Francoism, tertiary sector employment began to expand rapidly along with the city's population which by 2007 stood officially at 277,897 for Gijón proper, and approximately 380,000 for the total Gijón agglomeration.


title: Gijón

text: The port is at the center of many of the local businesses. Apart from directly port related activities, the economy is based on tourism, steel (Arcelor), other metallurgy, livestock rearing and fisheries.


title: Gijón

text: Gijón is served by Asturias Airport, about from the center of the city; it is located in the municipality of Castrillon.


title: Gijón

text: The airport is connected to the city by the A-8 motorway, the N-632 national highway and scheduled bus service (Alsa).


title: Gijón

text: The service offered by LD Lines has been canceled in Gijón. The closest Ferry services are now in Santander and Bilbao. However, Gijón still has a good freight service by El Musel


title: Gijón

text: Gijón currently has 18 bus lines and four more (owl) lines. The owl services work on Friday and Saturday nights, and daily in the months of July and August.


title: Gijón

text: PSOE governed the city from 1979 to 2011, the longest continuous period since Spain's transition to democracy.


title: Gijón

text: Ana González Rodríguez, the current mayor, was elected mayor on 15 June 2019 and she is a member of PSOE.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: The 2016 presidential campaign of Donald Trump was formally launched on June 16, 2015, at Trump Tower in New York City. Trump was the Republican nominee for President of the United States in the 2016 election, having won the most state primaries, caucuses, and delegates at the 2016 Republican National Convention. He chose Mike Pence, the sitting governor of Indiana, as his vice presidential running mate. On November 8, 2016, Trump and Pence were elected president and vice president of the United States. Trump's populist positions in opposition to illegal immigration and various trade agreements, such as the Trans-Pacific Partnership, earned him support especially among voters who were male, white, blue-collar, working class, and those without college degrees. Many voters in the Rust Belt, who gave Trump the electoral votes needed to win the presidency, switched from supporting Bernie Sanders to Trump after Hillary Clinton won the Democratic nomination.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Many of Trump's remarks were controversial and helped his campaign garner extensive coverage by the mainstream media, trending topics, and social media. Trump's campaign rallies attracted large crowds as well as public controversy. Some of the events were marked by incidents of violence between Trump supporters and protesters, mistreatment of some journalists, and disruption by a large group of protesters who effectively shut down a major rally in Chicago. Trump himself was accused of inciting violence at his rallies.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Trump's disdain for political correctness was a staple theme of his campaign and proved popular among his supporters. Many, including some mainstream commentators and some prominent Republicans, viewed him as appealing to racism, a charge that Trump has repeatedly denied. Trump's most polarizing and widely reported proposals were about issues of immigration and border security, especially his proposed deportation of all illegal immigrants, the proposed construction of a substantial wall on the Mexico–United States border at Mexican expense, his characterizations of many illegal Mexican immigrants as "criminals, drug dealers, rapists, etc", and a temporary ban on foreign Muslims entering the U.S. After considerable backlash, he later modified the "Trump travel ban" to apply to people originating from countries which he described as having a history of terrorism against the United States or its allies. This was also criticized for excluding countries which the U.S. has significant financial ties with, such as Saudi Arabia.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Opposition to Trump grew during his campaign among both Republicans (who viewed Trump as irrevocably damaging to the party and its chances of winning elections during and after 2016, leading to the coalescence of the Stop Trump movement) and Democrats (who decried Trump's anti-immigrant and anti-Muslim policies, his behavior toward critics, his treatment of the media, and his support from the ethno-nationalist alt-right). Although some prominent Republican leaders declined to endorse Trump after he won the Republican nomination, many Republican congress-members showed support for Trump and his policy positions despite major personal or political conflicts with him. Some such supporters of Trump's campaign were accused, by both conservatives and liberals, of prioritizing party loyalty and avoiding alienation of Trump supporters to ensure re-election, thereby refraining from condemning Trump's actions.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: On January 6, 2017, the United States government's intelligence agencies concluded that the Russian government interfered in the 2016 United States elections against the campaign of Hillary Clinton and in support of Trump. As president, Trump repeatedly rejected the conclusions of the U.S. intelligence agencies.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Since the 1988 presidential election, Trump was discussed as a potential candidate for president in nearly every election. In October 1999, Trump declared himself a potential candidate for the Reform Party's presidential nomination, but withdrew on February 14, 2000. In 2004, Trump said that he identified as a Democrat. Trump rejoined the Republican Party in September 2009, chose no party affiliation in December 2011, and again rejoined the GOP in April 2012.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: At the 2011 Conservative Political Action Conference, Trump said he is "pro-life" and "against gun control". He also spoke before Tea Party supporters.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Early polls for the 2012 election had Trump among the leading candidates. In December 2011, Trump placed sixth in the "ten most admired men and women living of 2011" telephone survey conducted jointly by "USA Today" and Gallup. However, Trump announced in May 2011 that after what he termed "several months unofficially campaigning", he would not be a candidate for the office.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: In 2013, Trump was a featured speaker at the Conservative Political Action Conference, and researched a possible run for President of the United States in 2016. In October 2013, some New York Republicans, including Joseph Borelli and Carl Paladino (who later served as New York State Co-chairmen for the presidential campaign), suggested Trump should instead run for governor of the state in 2014. John Gauger, a former employee of Liberty University, told "The Wall Street Journal" in January 2019 that Trump's "fixer" Michael Cohen hired him to manipulate the Drudge Report and CNBC online polls in favor of Trump in 2014 and 2015. In February 2015, Trump did not renew his television contract for "The Apprentice", which raised speculation of his candidacy for President of the United States in 2016. According to an April 7, 2015, memo released by WikiLeaks, Hillary Clinton's campaign instructed the Democratic National Convention to focus on "Pied Piper candidates" Donald Trump, Ted Cruz, and Ben Carson.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Trump formally announced his candidacy on June 16, 2015, with a campaign rally and speech at Trump Tower in New York City. In the moments before his announcement, he came down the golden escalator at Trump Tower, which has since become a metonymy for Trump's announcement. In his speech, Trump drew attention to domestic issues such as illegal immigration, offshoring of American jobs, the U.S. national debt, and Islamic terrorism. The campaign slogan was announced as "Make America Great Again". Trump declared that he would self-fund his presidential campaign, and would refuse any money from donors and lobbyists. Ladbrokes offered 150/1 odds of Trump winning the presidency. The campaign hired a casting company to supply paid actors to attend the event.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Following the announcement, most of the media's attention focused on Trump's comment on illegal immigration: "When Mexico sends its people, they're not sending their best... They're sending people that have lots of problems, and they're bringing those problems with [them]. They're bringing drugs. They're bringing crime. They're rapists. And some, I assume, are good people." Trump's statement was controversial and led several businesses and organizations—including NBC, Macy's, Univision, and NASCAR—to cut ties with Trump. Reactions from other presidential candidates were mixed, with some Republican candidates disagreeing with the tone of Trump's remarks yet supporting the core idea that illegal immigration is an important campaign issue, while other Republican candidates, along with the leading Democratic candidates, condemning Trump's remarks and his policy stances as offensive or inflammatory.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: After the public backlash, Trump stood by his comments, citing news articles to back his claims. Trump said that he intended his comments to be aimed solely at the government of Mexico, specifically for using the insecure border as a means of transferring criminals into the United States and said he did not intend his comments to refer to immigrants themselves.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Following his June 2015 announcement, Trump traveled to several early primary states, including Iowa and New Hampshire, to campaign ahead of the 2016 Republican primaries. By early July 2015, Trump was campaigning in the West, giving rallies and speeches in Las Vegas and Los Angeles. On July 23, he visited the Mexican border and planned to meet with border guards. The meeting did not take place due to the intervention of the labor union of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection guards.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: In July, the Federal Election Commission released details of Trump's wealth and financial holdings, which he had submitted to them when he became a Republican presidential candidate. The report showed assets above $1.4 billion and outstanding debts of at least $265 million. Shortly afterwards, Trump's campaign released a statement stating that his net worth is over $10 billion, although "Forbes" estimated it to be $4.5 billion. On August 6, 2015, the first Republican primary debate took place on Fox News. During the debate, Trump refused to rule out a third-party candidacy. Eventually, in September 2015, Trump signed a pledge promising his allegiance to the Republican Party.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: On August 21, 2015, the Federal Election Commission released a list of filings from super PACs backing candidates in the 2016 presidential race, which revealed Trump to be the only major presidential candidate among the Republican candidates who appeared not to have a super PAC supporting his candidacy. Two months later, the Make America Great Again PAC, which had collected $1.74 million and spent around $500,000 on polling, consulting, and other activities, was shut down after "The Washington Post" revealed multiple connections to the Trump campaign.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: In his announcement speech, Trump promised that he would build "a great, great wall" on the United States–Mexico border, and emphasized that proposal throughout his campaign, further stating that the construction of the wall would be paid for by Mexico. Trump proposed a broader crackdown on illegal immigration, and, in a July6 statement, claimed that the Mexican government is "forcing their most unwanted people into the United States"—"in many cases, criminals, drug dealers, rapists, etc." In his first town hall meeting in Derry, New Hampshire on August 19, 2015, Trump stated: "Day1 of my presidency, they're getting out and getting out fast." Trump's Republican rival Jeb Bush stated that "Trump is wrong on this" and "to make these extraordinarily kind of ugly comments is not reflective of the Republican Party". While Trump acknowledged that Republican National Committee Chairman Reince Priebus asked him to tone down his rhetoric on immigration reform, he stated that his conversations with the Republican National Committee on the matter were also "congratulatory".


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: At a July 2015 rally in Phoenix, Arizona, Trump was welcomed by the Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio, turning over the lectern for part of his speech to a supporter whose child was killed in Los Angeles in 2008 by a Mexican-born gang member. The brother of Kate Steinle, who was murdered in San Francisco by an illegal immigrant, criticized Trump for politicizing his sister's death, while a viral video related to her death produced by a Trump supporter independent of the campaign gave Trump an advantage during the primaries.<ref name="Gonzo/video"></ref>


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Univision announced it would no longer carry broadcasts of the Miss USA Pageant. In response, Trump indicated the matter would be handled by legal action, and followed through by filing a $500 million lawsuit against Univision. The complaint asserted that Univision was attempting to suppress Trump's First Amendment rights by putting pressure on his business ventures. NBC announced it would not air the Miss Universe or Miss USA pageant. Afterwards, the multinational media company Grupo Televisa severed ties with Trump, as did Ora TV, a television network partly owned by Mexican billionaire Carlos Slim.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Macy's announced it would phase out its Trump-branded merchandise. Serta, a mattress manufacturer, also decided to drop their business relationship with Trump. NASCAR ended its sponsorship with Trump by announcing it would not hold its post-season awards banquet at the Trump National Doral Miami.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Among the American public, reactions to Trump's border-wall proposal were polarized by party, with a large majority of Republicans supporting the proposal and a large majority of Democrats against it; overall, a September 2015 poll showed 48 percent of U.S. adults supporting Trump's proposal, while a March 2016 poll showed 34 percent of U.S. adults supporting it.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: In remarks made following the November 2015 Paris attacks, Trump stated that he would support a database for tracking Muslims in the United States and expanded surveillance of mosques. Trump's support for an American Muslim database "drew sharp rebukes from his Republican presidential rivals and disbelief from legal experts."


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: On December 7, 2015, in response to the 2015 San Bernardino attack, Trump further called for a temporary ban on any Muslims entering the country. He issued a written statement saying, "Donald J. Trump is calling for a total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States until our country's representatives can figure out what is going on," which he repeated at subsequent political rallies.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: The next day, December 8, 2015, the Pentagon issued a statement of concern, stating Trump's remarks could strengthen the resolve of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, David Cameron, and the Prime Minister of France, Manuel Valls, both issued statements in response to Trump's press release condemning him. Trump was also criticized by leading Republican Party figures, including Republican National Committee chairman Reince Priebus.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Following Trump's controversial comments on Muslim immigration, a petition was begun on the British Parliament's e-petition website, calling on the UK government's Home Secretary to bar him from entering the country. The total number of signatures exceeded the required half-million threshold to trigger a parliamentary debate. On January 18, the UK's House of Commons debated whether to ban Trump from the country; however, while some in the House condemned Trump's remarks and described them as "crazy" and "offensive", most were opposed to intervening in the electoral process of another country, and a vote was not taken.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Trump later appeared to modify his position on Muslims. In May he stated that his proposed ban was "just a suggestion". In June he stated that the temporary ban would apply to people originating from countries with a proven history of terrorism against the United States or its allies. He also commented that it "wouldn't bother me" if Muslims from Scotland entered the United States.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Trump caused further controversy when he recounted an apocryphal story about how U.S. general John J. Pershing shot Muslim rebels with pig's blood-dipped bullets in order to deter them during the Moro Rebellion. His comments were strongly denounced by the Council on American-Islamic Relations.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Trump had high poll numbers during the primaries. A survey conducted by "The Economist"/YouGov released July 9, 2015, was the first major nationwide poll to show Trump as the 2016 Republican presidential front-runner. A Suffolk/"USA Today" poll released on July 14, 2015, showed Trump with 17 percent support among Republican voters, with Jeb Bush at 14 percent. A "The Washington Post"/ABC News poll taken on July 16–19, showed Trump had 24 percent Republican support, over Scott Walker at 13 percent. A CNN/ORC poll showed Trump in the lead at 18 percent support among Republican voters, over Jeb Bush at 15 percent, and a CBS News poll from August4 showed Trump with 24 percent support, Bush second at 13 percent, and Walker third at 10 percent.<section end=/>


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: A CNN/ORC poll taken August 13–16, 2015, in the swing states of Florida, Ohio and Pennsylvania showed Trump ahead of, or narrowly trailing Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton in direct match-ups in those states. In Florida, Trump led by two points, and in both Ohio and Pennsylvania, he was within five points of Clinton.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Trump had a persistently high popularity among Republican and leaning-Republican minority voters. Surveys taken in late 2015 showed Trump polling unfavorably among women and non-white voters, with 64 percent of women viewing Trump unfavorably and 74 percent of non-white voters having a negative view of the candidate, according to a November 2015 ABC News/"Washington Post" poll. A Public Religion Research Institute survey in November 2015 found that many of his supporters were working-class voters with negative feelings towards migrants (in addition to holding strong financial concerns).


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Trump's status as the consistent front-runner for the Republican nomination led to him being featured on the cover of "Time" magazine in August 2015, with the caption: "Deal with it."


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: In the lead-up to the Iowa caucus, poll averages showed Trump as the front-runner with a roughly four percent lead. Ted Cruz came in first in the vote count, ahead of Trump. Cruz, who campaigned strongly among evangelical Christians, was supported by church pastors that coordinated a volunteer campaign to get out the vote. Before the Iowa vote, an email from the Cruz campaign falsely implied that Ben Carson was about to quit the race, encouraging Carson's supporters to vote for Cruz instead. Trump later posted on Twitter, "Many people voted for Cruz over Carson because of this Cruz fraud", and wrote, "Ted Cruz didn't win Iowa, he stole it."


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Following his loss in Iowa, Trump rebounded in the New Hampshire primary, coming in first place with 35 percent of the vote, the biggest victory in a New Hampshire Republican primary since at least 2000. Trump "tapped into a deep well of anxiety among Republicans and independents in New Hampshire, according to exit polling data", running strongest among voters who feared "illegal immigrants, incipient economic turmoil and the threat of a terrorist attack in the United States". Trump commented that in the run-up to the primary, his campaign had "learned a lot about ground games in a week".


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: This was followed by another wide victory in South Carolina, furthering his lead among the Republican candidates. He won the Nevada caucus on February 24 with a landslide 45.9 percent of the vote, his biggest victory yet; Marco Rubio placed second with 23.9 percent.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: By May 2016, Trump held a commanding lead in the number of state contests won and in the delegate count. After Trump won the Indiana contest, Cruz dropped out of the race. He had called Indiana a pivotal opportunity to stop Trump from clinching the nomination. Following Trump's Indiana win, Republican National Committee Chairman Reince Priebus, among others, called Trump the party's presumptive nominee, though he noted that Trump still needed more delegates to clinch the nomination.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: After becoming the presumptive Republican nominee, Trump said regarding the Republican primaries: "You've been hearing me say it's a rigged system, but now I don't say it anymore because I won. It's true. Now I don't care."


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Trump held several large rallies during his campaign, routinely packing arenas and high school gymnasiums with crowds. A Trump rally on July 11, 2015, in Phoenix, Arizona, Trump was introduced by Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio. During his speech, Trump invoked Richard Nixon's "silent majority" speech, saying "The silent majority is back." In the final month of his campaign, Donald Trump used the phrase "drain the swamp" in his rallies, pledging his supporters to "make our government honest once again." Trump said he originally "hated" the phrase, but when people reacted positively to it, he began "saying it like I meant it".


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: There were verbal and physical confrontations between Trump supporters and protesters at Trump's campaign events, some committed by Trump supporters and others by anti-Trump demonstrators. A number of protesters were asked to leave, removed by security, or arrested for trespassing at Trump's campaign events. Additionally, there were incidents near Trump properties related to the campaign.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: On several occasions in late 2015 and early 2016, Trump was accused of encouraging violence and escalating tension at campaign events. Prior to November he used to tell his rallies "Get 'em (protesters) out, but don't hurt 'em." But in November 2015, Trump said of a protester in Birmingham, Alabama, "Maybe he should have been roughed up, because it was absolutely disgusting what he was doing." On February1 in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, he told the crowd there might be tomato-throwing protesters, and urged his audience to "knock the crap out of 'em" if anyone should try. "I promise you, I will pay the legal fees", he added. On February 23, 2016, at a rally in Las Vegas, Trump reacted to a protester by saying "I love the old days—you know what they used to do to guys like that when they were in a place like this? They'd be carried out on a stretcher, folks", adding "I'd like to punch him in the face." On March9 a Trump supporter was charged with assault after he sucker-punched a protester who was being led out of the event. When Trump was asked if he would pay the man's legal fees, Trump said he was "looking into it", although he "doesn't condone violence in any shape". The local sheriff's office considered filing charges against Trump for "inciting a riot" at that event, but concluded there was not sufficient evidence to charge him.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: On May 3, Trump became the presumptive nominee of the Republican Party after his victory in Indiana and the withdrawal of the last competitors, Ted Cruz and John Kasich, from the race.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Some Republicans declined to support Trump's candidacy, including former primary rival Jeb Bush (who announced that he would not vote for Trump) and Bush's father and brother, former presidents George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush (who announced that they would not endorse Trump). Paul Ryan announced that he was "not ready" to endorse Trump for the presidency. On May 8, Trump's campaign said that he would not rule out a bid to remove Ryan from his post as chairman of the 2016 Republican National Convention, and the following day, Ryan said that he would step down as convention chairman if asked by Trump to do so. On June 2, Ryan announced that he would vote for Trump.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Senator Jeff Sessions was the first sitting U.S. senator to endorse Trump. Other prominent Republicans, such as Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, governors Bobby Jindal and Rick Perry, and former senator and Republican presidential nominee Bob Dole, followed. McConnell stated, "The right-of-center world needs to respect the fact that the primary voters have spoken."


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: In June 2016, two groups of Republican delegates opposed to Trump emerged. Free the Delegates sought to change the convention rules to include a 'conscience clause' that would allow delegates bound to Trump to vote against him. Delegates Unbound engaged in "an effort to convince delegates that they have the authority and the ability to vote for whomever they want". According to the group, "There is no language supporting binding in the temporary rules of the convention, which are the only rules that matter" and "barring any rules changes at the convention, delegates can vote their conscience on the first ballot."


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: On May 9, Trump named New Jersey Governor Chris Christie to head a team to plan the transition of the presidency in the event of a Trump victory. In November 2016, after calls for his impeachment as Governor and felony convictions in U.S. federal court for high-ranking members of his staff in the Bridgegate scandal, Christie was dropped by Trump as leader of the transition team, in favor of Mike Pence.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: On June 20, 2016, Trump fired his campaign manager Corey Lewandowski, reportedly in response to lagging fundraising and campaign infrastructure (as well as power struggles within the campaign, according to multiple GOP sources). Paul Manafort, Trump's campaign chairman, who was brought in during the primary to prepare for a contested convention, assumed the role of chief strategist.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Kevin Kellems, a veteran GOP strategist and former aide to Vice President Dick Cheney, resigned from Trump's staff after he was appointed to help inspect the campaign's surrogate operations. Erica Freeman, another aide to Trump who worked with surrogates, also resigned.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: In June 2016, Trump hired Jason Miller to assist the communications operation. On July 1, 2016, Trump announced he hired Kellyanne Conway, a veteran GOP strategist and canvasser, for a senior advisory position. Conway, who formerly backed Cruz, was expected to advise Trump on how to better appeal to female voters. Conway had headed a pro-Cruz super PAC funded by hedge-fund tycoon Robert Mercer. After Trump won the Republican presidential nomination, the PAC morphed into the "Defeat Crooked Hillary PAC". When the Trump campaign hired Conway, it referred to her as "widely regarded as an expert on female consumers and voters." Conway became the first woman to run a Republican general election presidential campaign. David Urban took a role as a senior advisor to the campaign, focusing on the effort to win Pennsylvania.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: On August 17, 2016, Trump announced Breitbart News executive chairman Stephen Bannon as the campaign chief executive and promoted Conway to campaign manager, replacing Paul Manafort who had been handling those duties unofficially. Manafort had been criticized in the media for connections to former Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovich and other dictators. Although Manafort initially retained the title of campaign chairman, he resigned from this position on August 19, 2016.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: In September 2016, Trump hired David Bossie, longtime president of the conservative advocacy group Citizens United, to be his new deputy campaign manager.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: From early to mid-July, various media outlets widely reported that Trump's short list for his pick as vice president and running mate had narrowed to Indiana governor Mike Pence, New Jersey governor Chris Christie, and former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: On July 15, 2016, Trump officially announced via Twitter that he had chosen Pence to be his running mate. Trump introduced Pence as his running mate at a press conference the next day. Pence formally accepted the nomination on July 20 at the Republican National Convention.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: On October 27, 2016, Pence's Boeing 737-700 airplane fishtailed off the runway at LaGuardia Airport in New York during landing. There were no injuries reported among those on board, which included members of the press in the back of the plane. As a result of the accident, Pence cancelled a campaign event that night, though said on Twitter that he would be back campaigning the next day on October 28.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: The first of three presidential debates took place on Monday evening, September 26, at New York's Hofstra University. The moderator was Lester Holt of NBC. A live-TV audience of 84 million viewers set a viewership record for presidential debates. Scientific polls showed that most voters thought Hillary Clinton performed better than Donald Trump in the debate. The second debate was held on Sunday, October 9, at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri. The co-moderators were CNN's Anderson Cooper and ABC News' Martha Raddatz. Republican nominee Trump tweeted on Tuesday morning that "every poll" declared him the winner. The final debate took place on the campus of the UNLV in Las Vegas, Nevada on Wednesday evening, October 19. The moderator was Chris Wallace of Fox News.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: The "Las Vegas Review-Journal" was the first and only major newspaper to endorse Donald Trump's campaign. Many Republican-leaning papers endorsed Clinton or urged readers not to vote for Trump while declining to endorse any other candidate.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: The "Houston Chronicle", "The Cincinnati Enquirer", "The Dallas Morning News", and "The Arizona Republic" editorial boards, which normally endorse Republican candidates, endorsed Hillary Clinton.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: The "New Hampshire Union Leader", which had endorsed the Republican in every election for the last 100 years, endorsed Gary Johnson. Several news reports, including one by Chris Cillizza, political reporter for "The Washington Post", compared the 2016 Donald Trump political campaign to "The Waldo Moment", a 2013 episode of the "Black Mirror" TV series; later, in September 2016, episode writer Charlie Brooker also compared the Trump campaign to the episode and predicted Trump would win the 2016 election.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: "USA Today", which never had endorsed any candidate in its 34-year history, broke the tradition and took sides in the race with an editorial that had declared Trump to be "erratic", described his business career as "checkered", and called him a "serial liar" and "unfit for the presidency". The newspaper, however, said the "editorial does not represent unqualified support for Hillary Clinton."


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: As the results came in on election night, November 8, 2016, Trump won in multiple states that had been predicted to go to Clinton. In the early morning hours of November 9, media sources declared Trump the winner of the presidency, crediting him with 279 electoral college votes where 270 were needed to win. Clinton then phoned Trump to concede and to congratulate him on his victory, whereupon Trump gave a victory speech. His victory was widely described as a "stunning upset", since most pre-election polling had predicted a Clinton win.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: As of November 28, Trump is credited with 306 electoral votes compared to 232 for Clinton. In the nationwide popular vote, Clinton received over 2.8 million (2.1%) more votes than Trump. Trump is the fifth presidential candidate in U.S. history to win the election but lose the popular vote. This is the biggest-ever raw-vote loss in the popular vote for a candidate who won the election, though not by percentage. The previous non-incumbent Republican to win the presidency, George W. Bush, had held the record with a loss of 543,895 votes.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Trump's share of the electoral vote was 56.9%; in a ranking of electoral votes in the 54 presidential elections since the ratification of the Twelfth Amendment in 1804 it is in 44th place. For comparison, outgoing President Barack Obama's totals were 67.8% in 2008 and 61.7% in 2012.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: In an unprecedented move, Trump kept his presidential campaign organization in place after he assumed the presidency. the campaign office in Trump Tower continued with a staff of about ten people, led by Michael Glassner. It focused on data-building and fundraising for a 2020 re-election campaign.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: In May 2017, a senior aide to the campaign, Healy Baumgardner-Nardone, disclosed that she was lobbying for the Malaysian government. The former campaign manager, Corey Lewandowski, left a lobbying firm he had co-founded after the election, because it solicited in Eastern Europe.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: A joint report published in June 2019 by the Center for Public Integrity, NBC News and CNBC detailed that the 2016 and 2020 Trump campaigns have yet to pay bills totaling over $800,000 to 10 city governments for costs incurred to ensure public safety with regard to Trump campaign rallies. The rallies took place from January 2016 to August 2016 in Burlington, Vermont, Tucson, Arizona, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, Spokane, Washington, Green Bay, Wisconsin, and from September 2018 to February 2019 in Billings, Montana, Erie, Pennsylvania, Lebanon, Ohio, Mesa, Arizona, and El Paso, Texas.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Starting in 2015, several allied foreign intelligence agencies began reporting secret contacts between Trump campaigners and known or suspected Russian agents in multiple European cities.<ref name="Harding_Kirchgaessner_Hopkins_4/13/2017"></ref><ref name="Harding_11/15/2017"></ref><ref name="Rosenberg_Goldman_Schmidt_3/1/2017"></ref> In November 2016, Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Sergei Ryabkov contradicted Trump's denials by confirming the Trump campaign had been in contact with Russia, stating in a 2016 Interfax news agency interview: "Obviously, we know most of the people from his entourage," adding "I cannot say that all of them but quite a few have been staying in touch with Russian representatives."<ref name="Filipov_Roth_11/10/2016"></ref><ref name="Nelson_11/10/2016"></ref>


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Beginning on July 31, 2016, the campaign became the target of a covert FBI investigation known as Crossfire Hurricane, as well as several other independent FBI sources, to discover if any coordination existed between the campaign and Russia or other criminal activity occurred. On January 6, 2017, the United States government's intelligence agencies concluded that the Russian government interfered in the 2016 United States elections. A joint U.S. intelligence community review ordered by President Barack Obama stated with high confidence that "Russian President Vladimir V. Putin ordered an influence campaign in 2016 aimed at the US presidential election. Russia's goals were to undermine public faith in the US democratic process, denigrate Secretary Clinton, and harm her electability and potential presidency," and boost the candidacy of Donald Trump.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Investigations about potential collusion between the Trump campaign and Russian officials were started by the FBI, the Senate Intelligence Committee, and the House Intelligence Committee. In May 2017, Acting Attorney General Rod Rosenstein appointed FBI Director Robert S. Mueller III as Special Counsel to oversee an investigation into "any links and/or coordination between the Russian government and individuals associates with the campaign of President Donald Trump; and (ii) any matters that arose or may arise directly from the investigation." Numerous links between Trump associates and people with ties to the Russian government were identified by the FBI, Special counsel and several United States congressional committees, as part of their investigations into the Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections. , the Mueller investigation obtained indictments or guilty pleas from 32 individuals and three Russian companies.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: As president, Trump has repeatedly rejected the conclusions of the U.S. intelligence agencies that the Russian government interfered in the election, and has also denied allegations that his campaign colluded with Russia.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: The March 2019 [[Mueller Report|report issued by special council Robert Mueller]] at the conclusion of his investigations did not conclude that President Trump, whether as a candidate or President elect, had committed a crime, but described multiple instances of possible obstruction of justice and left it up to Congress to deal with the issue.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Trump has stated that he is a "conservative Republican". Commentators [[Norman Ornstein]] and [[William Kristol]] labeled his collective political positions as "Trumpism". "The Wall Street Journal" used the term in drawing parallels with populist movements in China and the Philippines. From an external political perspective, German Vice Chancellor [[Sigmar Gabriel]] termed Trump a [[right-wing populism|right-wing populist]] similar to [[Marine Le Pen]], [[Geert Wilders]] or [[Silvio Berlusconi]]. "[[The New York Times Magazine]]" analogized Trump's positions with that of past populist figures [[George Wallace]] and [[George McGovern]] in terms of the us-versus-them approaches.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Opposition to international trade agreements on the grounds that they hurt American workers by moving jobs abroad was one of the central themes of Trump's campaign. Trump's chief trade advisor during the campaign was [[Peter Navarro]].


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Navarro and the international private equity investor [[Wilbur Ross]] authored a short economic endorsement plan for the Donald Trump presidential campaign in September 2016 which was published without academic references and criticized in the press. Navarro was invited to be an adviser after [[Jared Kushner]] saw on Amazon that he co-wrote "[[Death by China]]", while he was researching China for Trump. and told when the [[Tax Policy Center]] assessed that Trump's economic plan would reduce federal revenues by $6 trillion and reduce economic growth in the long term, Navarro said that the analysis demonstrated "a high degree of analytical and political malfeasance". When the Peterson Institute for International Affairs estimated that Trump's economic plan would cost millions of American their jobs, Navarro said that writers at the Peterson Institute "weave a false narrative and they come up with some phony numbers." According to MIT economist [[Simon Johnson (economist)|Simon Johnson]], the economic plan essay authored by Navarro and Wilbur Ross for Donald Trump during the campaign had projections "based on assumptions so unrealistic that they seem to have come from a different planet. If the United States really did adopt Trump's plan, the result would be an immediate and unmitigated disaster." When 370 economists, including nineteen Nobel laureates, signed a letter warning against Donald Trump's stated economic policies in November 2016, Navarro said that the letter was "an embarrassment to the corporate offshoring wing of the economist profession who continues to insist bad trade deals are good for America."


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: In October 2016, with [[Wilbur Ross]] and [[Andy Puzder]], Navarro coauthored the short 4-page essay titled "Economic Analysis of Donald Trump's Contract with the American Voter". On December 21, 2016, Navarro was selected by President-elect [[Donald Trump]] to head a newly created position, as director of the [[White House National Trade Council]]. He endorsed President Trump's trade policy as aiming to create jobs, revive the manufacturing sector, and improve the country's trade balance. He warned that trade deficits could jeopardize U.S. national security by allowing unfriendly nations to encroach on American supply chains. One of his main missions is to focus on behaviors by other countries that he considers abusive, cheating, illegal, and unfair against the U.S.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: The campaign drew heavily on Trump's personal image, enhanced by his previous media exposure. Prior to his presidential bid, [[The Trump Organization]] also relied on the 'Trump' surname as a key part of its marketing strategy. Consequently, the 'Trump' name was in widespread use in the U.S. well before the presidential campaign itself started. Due to successful branding and media coverage, Trump soon gained a leverage in the race despite spending comparatively little on advertising himself.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Before the announcement of [[Mike Pence]] as running mate in July 2016, the campaign relied on a [[wordmark]] of the 'Trump' surname capitalised and set in the bold [[Akzidenz-Grotesk]] typeface. Following the announcement, the campaign unveiled a new logo combining the names of the two candidates by featuring an interlocking 'T' and 'P', formed to create the image of the [[Flag of the United States|American flag]]. The logo became the subject of parodies that interpreted the symbol as being sexually suggestive; the campaign revised the logo shortly afterward to remove the flag and interlocking symbol, leaving the wordmark.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: The primary slogan of the Trump campaign, extensively used on campaign merchandise, is [[Make America Great Again]]. The red baseball cap with the slogan emblazoned on the front became a symbol of the campaign, and is frequently donned by Trump and his supporters. The hats were so important to the campaign that it spent more money to make them than on polling, consultants, or television advertisements.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: In addition, UK big data voter opinion influencer [[Cambridge Analytica|Cambridge Analytics]] was hired by the Trump campaign in 2016. In March 2018, it was revealed through undercover footage that Cambridge Analytica used seductive women to entice a rival candidate while secretly videotaping the encounter. The firm also sent impostors who acted like wealthy individuals only to give them bribes.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: In October 2016, the Trump campaign had 178 field offices compared to Clinton's 489. The Trump campaign's number of field offices lagged far behind those Romney and Obama in 2012. Political science research showed that field offices had a modest positive effect on a candidate's vote share. The Trump campaign was reportedly almost fully reliant on the Republican National Committee for field offices in swing states. As the field offices are organized by state and local Republican parties, they may not have been strategically located in terms of boosting turnout for the Republican presidential candidate.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: During the 2016 campaign, Trump reportedly programmed his own campaign rally playlists. Trump's musical preferences have been well-documented in several of his books. In his book "Think Like a Billionaire" he states that he returns to favorites like [[Frank Sinatra]] and [[Tony Bennett]], while also appreciating a more diverse catalogue including rap artist [[Eminem]] and reggae group [[Toots and The Maytals]]. The campaign playlist was as diverse, and included [[the Rolling Stones]]' "[[You Can't Always Get What You Want]]," [[Queen (band)|Queen]]'s "[[We Are the Champions]]," [[the Beatles]]' "[[Here Comes the Sun]]" and [[Luciano Pavarotti]]'s "[[Nessun Dorma]]". The Trump campaign's "warm-up music"—a track played before rallies began with the intention of energizing the crowd—regularly included:


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: The Trump campaign was publicly criticized for unauthorized use of music by several artists including the Rolling Stones, R.E.M.'s frontman [[Michael Stipe]], Queen's music publisher, and [[George Harrison]]'s estate, whose music was played at campaign rallies.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Trump spent only a modest amount on advertising during the primary—$10 million through February 2016, far behind opponents such as Jeb Bush ($82 million), Marco Rubio ($55 million), and Ted Cruz ($22 million). Trump benefited from free media more than any other candidate. From the beginning of his campaign through February 2016, Trump received almost $2 billion in free media attention, twice the amount that Hillary Clinton received. Trump earned $400 million alone in the month of February. According to data from the Tyndall Report, which tracks nightly news content, through February 2016, Trump alone accounted for more than a quarter of all 2016 election coverage on the evening newscasts of [[NBC Nightly News|NBC]], [[CBS Evening News|CBS]] and [[ABC World News|ABC]], more than all the Democratic campaigns combined. Observers noted Trump's ability to garner constant mainstream media coverage "almost at will".


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: In response, a petition to "Stop promoting Donald Trump" accused the media of giving Trump endless airtime for the purpose of increasing viewership and ratings and quickly amassed over 200,000 signatures. The media's coverage of Trump generated some disagreement as to its effect on his campaign. Writing in "[[The Washington Post]]", [[John M. Sides]] argued that Trump's success was because of the mass news coverage, yet a later article in "The Washington Post" stated that he remained successful in spite of the drop in media attention. On September 21, 2015, "[[Politico]]" said, "blaming the press for the Trump surge neglects the salient fact that so much of the coverage of him has been darkly negative." However, Barry Bennett—senior adviser to Trump—said in response to the high number of interviews Trump has given:


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Well the demand is pretty high so it's hard not to do them. And it's free media. And we've literally gotten hundreds of millions of dollars worth of free media. No other candidate can talk when everybody is talking about you. So there's some strategic benefit to it.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: In a January 2016 interview with CBS, Trump said of his campaign's plans to purchase advertising; "I think I'm probably wasting the money. But I'm $35 million under budget. Look, I was going to have 35 or 40 million spent by now. I haven't spent anything. I almost feel guilty... I'm leading by, as you all say, a lot. You can take the CBS poll. You can take any poll and I'm winning by a lot. I don't think I need the ads. But I'm doing them. I almost feel guilty."


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: In February 2016, in response to complaints from Trump that [[Fox News]] reporter Megyn Kelly would be unfair to him in a [[2016 Republican Party presidential debates and forums|Republican primary debate]] preceding the [[Iowa caucuses]], Fox released a sarcastic statement about Trump, saying they were "surprised he's willing to show that much fear", regarding Kelly. Trump responded by criticizing the "wise-guy press release" and withdrew from the debate, instead hosting a competing event in the state designed to raise money for wounded veterans on the day of the debate. In a November 2019 court settlement, Trump was ordered to pay a $2 million fine for misusing his [[Trump Foundation]] for political and business purposes. In the settlement, Trump acknowledged that the veterans fundraiser had actually been a campaign event and the $2.8 million in raised funds were placed under the full control of his campaign.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Trump frequently criticized the media for writing what he alleged to be false stories about him and referred to them as being the "worst people" and he has called upon his supporters to be "the silent majority", apparently referencing the media. At a rally in [[Fort Worth, Texas]], in February 2016, Trump stated that if elected he would "open up our libel laws so when they write purposely negative and horrible and false articles, we can sue them and win lots of money". Trump specifically alleged that reporting about him by "[[The New York Times]]" and "[[The Washington Post]]" has included falsehoods. Trump says the media "put false meaning into the words I say", and says he does not mind being criticized by the media as long as they are honest about it.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: After Trump won the nomination, historians [[Fredrik Logevall]] and Kenneth Osgood noted that, "Hardly a day passes without some columnist comparing Donald J. Trump to [[Huey Long]], [[Charles Coughlin|Father Coughlin]] or [[George Wallace]]."


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: A 2018 study found that media coverage of Trump led to increased public support for him during the primaries. The study showed Trump received nearly $2 billion in free media, more than double any other candidate. Political scientist John Sides argued that Trump's polling surge was "almost certainly" due to frequent media coverage of his campaign. Sides concluded "Trump is surging in the polls because the news media has consistently focused on him since he announced his candidacy on June 16".


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: According to some polling data, it appeared that Trump was receiving little support from [[African Americans]]. In a [[Morning Consult]] national poll in August 2016, only five percent of black voters said they intend to vote for Trump. However, Trump ended up receiving 8% of the African-American vote (about half a million more votes than [[Mitt Romney]] received in 2012). Starting in July and August, in an effort to improve his appeal to black Americans and make a direct appeal for their votes, Trump was vocal in expressing concern for their situations. Speaking in Virginia on August 23, 2016, Trump said, "You're living in your poverty, your schools are no good, you have no jobs, 58 percent of your youth is unemployed—what the hell do you have to lose by trying something new, like Trump?" He further said, "Look. It is a disaster the way African-Americans are living... We'll get rid of the crime... You'll be able to walk down the street without getting shot." On September 3, Trump visited a black congregation in [[Detroit|Detroit, Michigan]], the Great Faith Ministries International Church, accompanied by former Republican presidential candidate [[Ben Carson|Dr. Ben Carson]], and attended a church service. Trump was interviewed afterward by Bishop Wayne T. Jackson for later broadcast on the church's cable channel. He also visited Dr. Carson's childhood home.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: On September 15, as Trump was addressing a small assembly at Bethel United Methodist Church in [[Flint, Michigan]], the pastor, Faith Green Timmons, interrupted him as he criticized [[Hillary Clinton|Clinton]], asking him not to "give a political speech". Trump complied.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: No [[Fortune 100]] CEO donated to Trump's presidential campaign. Eleven donated to Trump's rival Clinton, and 89 contributed to neither candidate. This represents a substantial shift from the 2012 presidential election, in which Republican nominee [[Mitt Romney]] received major support from top American business executives.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: In May 2016, the president of the [[U.S. Chamber of Commerce]] commented that the business community is cautious about both Trump and Clinton, adding that there "hasn't been much support from the business community for either of them." Members of the business community who endorsed Trump include investors [[T. Boone Pickens]], [[Carl Icahn]] and [[Wilbur Ross]], [[Home Depot]] co-founder [[Ken Langone]], and entrepreneur and [[PayPal]] co-founder [[Peter Thiel]]. , small and mid-size business owners and officers were second to retirees as the most common donors to Trump's campaign. Reasons cited for their support of Trump included opposition to Obamacare and immigration as well as feeling "fed up with politicians". In a survey conducted in late January 2016, 38 percent of small business owners indicated that they believed Trump would be the best president for small business, while 21 percent selected Hillary Clinton.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Other members of the business community were critical of Trump. In June 2016, the Clinton campaign released a list of endorsements from more than 50 current and former business leaders, including several longtime Republicans. The group included longtime Democrats and Clinton supporters, like [[Warren Buffett]] and [[Marc Benioff]], as well as independents or Republicans who had recently switched sides, like [[Daniel Akerson]] and [[Hamid R. Moghadam]].


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Trump's [[Right-wing populism|right-wing populist]] positions—[[Nativism (politics)|nativist]], [[Protectionism|protectionist]], and semi-[[Isolationism|isolationist]]—differ in many ways from traditional [[Conservatism in the United States|conservatism]]. He opposes many [[Free trade area|free trade deals]] and [[Peacekeeping|military interventionist policies]] that conservatives generally support, and opposes cuts in [[Medicare (United States)|Medicare]] and [[Social Security (United States)|Social Security benefits]]. While insisting that Washington is "broken" and can only be fixed by an outsider, Washington-based conservatives were surprised by the popular support for his positions.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Trump polled well with [[Tea Party movement|Tea Party]] voters, and politicians with strong tea party ties, such as [[Sarah Palin]] and [[Michele Bachmann]], similarly endorsed Trump.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Some prominent conservatives praised Trump. [[Newt Gingrich]] described him as the latest incarnation of the Reagan Revolution, and had said that his election would be "very healthy for America". In the aftermath of Trump's statements regarding the Khan's, Gingrich later said that Trump was making himself a less acceptable candidate for the presidency than Hillary Clinton, but that "Trump is vastly better than Hillary as President". [[Rush Limbaugh]], while clearly favoring [[Ted Cruz]], relished the degree to which Trump exposed the conservative establishment as an elitist self-interested clique. [[Sean Hannity]] was an unapologetic advocate for Trump and endorsed him.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: In July and August 2015, U.S. Senator [[John McCain]] (former presidential candidate, [[Vietnam War]] naval veteran, and [[prisoner of war]]) and Trump criticized each other on several occasions, primarily over their differing positions on immigration. At a July 18, 2015, event Trump described McCain as a "loser" and added, "He's not a war hero. He was a war hero because he was captured. I like people who weren't captured." His comments were heavily criticized; some of his primary rivals said he should withdraw from the race because of them. At a later press availability Trump denied having said McCain is not a war hero, saying "If somebody's a prisoner, I consider them a war hero." At the same time, he criticized McCain for not having done enough for veterans. In 2014, McCain worked with senator [[Bernie Sanders]] to create the [[Veterans Choice]] program, which later as president Trump claimed more than 150 times that he had created. McCain said Trump should apologize, not to him personally, but to former American prisoners of war and "the families of those who have sacrificed in conflict". Trump declined to issue any apology.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Eventually, McCain endorsed Trump because he was the nominee of the Republican party. On August 2, Trump stated that he was not endorsing McCain in his campaign for the Republican nomination for his existing Senate seat. Three days later, however, he did endorse him, saying in prepared remarks, "I hold in the highest esteem Sen. John McCain for his service to our country in uniform and in public office and I fully support and endorse his reelection." McCain later withdrew his endorsement following the [[Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape|"Access Hollywood" controversy]] in October 2016.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Republican Senator [[Lindsey Graham]], a primary rival, was "one of Trump's fiercest critics". He called Trump a "race-baiting, xenophobic, religious bigot" and asserted that Trump doesn't have the temperament or judgment to be president. After Trump attacked a federal judge for his Mexican heritage, Graham urged people who had endorsed Trump to rescind their endorsements, saying "This is the most un-American thing from a politician since Joe McCarthy." Graham stated that he would vote for neither Trump nor Clinton.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: The [[Jeb Bush]]–Trump dynamic was one of the more contentious relationships among the Republican contenders. [[Jeb Bush 2016 presidential campaign|Bush's campaign]] spent tens of millions of dollars on anti-Trump ads, while in response Trump mocked Jeb Bush with the epithet that he was "low energy". During an exchange with [[Jeb Bush]] in the ninth Republican primary debate, the audience (most favoring Bush) repeatedly [[booing|booed]] Trump. Trump scoffed that the audience was made up of "Jeb's special interests and [[Lobbying|lobbyists]]".


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: According to "[[The Washington Post]]", the most telling aspect of the Bush–Trump duel may have been the fact that, "No candidate in the race was prepared for GOP voters' opposition to immigration, with the exception of Trump", and the anti-illegal immigration sentiment that Trump tapped into throughout the campaign, and with the [[Act of Love (advertisement)|Act of Love]] advertisement.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Texas Senator [[Ted Cruz]] was a primary rival for the Republican nomination. In the early days of the primary Cruz showered praise on Trump. But as the primary season went on, Cruz went on the attack, calling Trump a "bully" and a "pathological liar", and Trump took to referring to Cruz as "Lyin' Ted". Trump repeatedly claimed Cruz was not eligible to be president because he was born in Canada. However, on September 23, 2016, Cruz publicly endorsed Trump for president because he was the nominee of the Republican party.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: On November 1, 2016, "The Wall Street Journal" published an [[open letter]] signed by 370 economists, including eight Nobel laureates, who stated that Trump would be a "dangerous, destructive" choice for president and which encouraged voters to vote for some other candidate. The letter stated that Trump "misinforms the electorate, degrades trust in public institutions with conspiracy theories, and promotes willful delusion over engagement with reality"; that "If elected, he poses a unique danger (...) to the prosperity of the country"; and that he "promotes [[magical thinking]] and conspiracy theories over sober assessments of feasible economic policy options".


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: [[Peter Navarro]] of the University of California, Irvine, one of Trump's senior economic advisers, called the letter "an embarrassment to the corporate offshoring wing of the economist profession who continues to insist bad trade deals are good for America." He pointed to a letter signed in September by another group of economists, 305 in total, including one Nobel laureate and two former directors of the non-partisan Congressional Budget Office which stated "Hillary Clinton's economic agenda is wrong for America." Navarro's short 4-page political endorsement of the Trump economic platform was met with sharp criticism on nearly all ten summarized points by economists and the press, which included his review of the border adjustment tax, criticism of China trade policy, criticism of German trade policy, criticism of manufacturing policy, opposition to NAFTA, repatriation of global supply chains, criticism of trade as a national security risk, criticism of trade deficits, and opposition to Trans-Pacific Partnership.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: In October 2013, Trump wrote in a Twitter message that NSA whistle-blower [[Edward Snowden]] "is a spy who should be executed—but if... he could reveal Obama's records, I might become a major fan." In 2014, Trump tweeted that "Snowden is bad, done tremendous damage to our country," but that "we have far worse in our government."


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: During a Republican primary debate in 2016, Trump called Snowden a "total traitor" and "terrible threat" and again called him "a spy." Snowden responded by saying: "It's very difficult to respond in a serious way to any statement that's made by Donald Trump."


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Trump was one of ten candidates in the main [[Fox News Channel|Fox News]] debate on August 6, 2015. [[Bret Baier]] questioned Trump about [[Obamacare]], [[Chris Wallace (journalist)|Chris Wallace]] asked him about Mexican illegal immigrants, and [[Megyn Kelly]] asked about how he would respond to the [[Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign|Clinton campaign]] saying that he was waging a "[[war on women]]". Trump replied, "I think the big problem this country has is being politically correct."


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: In a later interview with [[Don Lemon]] on "[[CNN Tonight]]", Trump said that Kelly is a "lightweight" and had "blood coming out of her eyes, blood coming out of her... wherever." Trump tweeted that his remark referred to Kelly's nose but was interpreted by critics as a reference to [[menstruation]]. Trump retained his first place standing after the debate, with an NBC News poll showing him at 23 percent support and a Reuters/Ipsos poll at 24 percent, followed by Ted Cruz at 13 percent and Ben Carson at 11 percent.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Following the Megyn Kelly incident, [[Roger Stone]], Trump's veteran political adviser, left the campaign, citing "controversies involving personalities and provocative media fights". Despite this, Stone remained a Trump confidant and said in an interview with "[[National Review]]" that he is "the ultimate Trump loyalist". In March 2016, Trump resumed his feud with Fox News and Kelly in a number of Twitter messages disparaging Kelly and calling for a boycott of her show. Fox News responded with a statement saying that Trump's behavior was an "extreme, sick obsession" beneath the dignity of a presidential nominee. In April 2016, Kelly met with Trump at Trump Tower at her request to "clear the air". Following the meeting, Trump stated that Kelly was "very, very nice" and regarding the meeting: "Maybe it was time... By the way, in all fairness, I give her a lot of credit" for requesting it.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Trump's popularity among [[Hispanic and Latino Americans]] was low according to polling data; a nationwide survey conducted in February 2016 showed that some 80 percent of Hispanic voters had an unfavorable view of Trump (including 70 percent who had a "very unfavorable" view), more than double the percentage of any other Republican candidate. These low rankings are attributed to Trump's anti-immigrant rhetoric.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Alarm at Trump's rise prompted an increase in the number of eligible Latino immigrants who have chosen to [[Naturalization|naturalize]] to vote against him. Despite his poor national standing with Hispanic and Latino Americans, he had constantly garnered higher numbers from them than each of his Republican rivals, along with other minority groups.<ref name="http://www.washingtontimes.com all"></ref> At the same time, Trump received pockets of Hispanic support, winning around 45 percent (plus or minus 10 percentage points) of the Hispanic Republican vote in the [[Nevada caucuses|Nevada Republican caucuses]] (where about eight percent of Republican caucus-goers were Hispanic), and receiving some support among [[Cuban American]]s in Florida. Despite expectations of low Latino support, Trump received about 29% of the Hispanic vote, slightly more than Romney received in 2012.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: In August 2016, Trump created and met with a Hispanic advisory council. He also hinted publicly that he might soften his call for the deportation of all undocumented immigrants. On August 31, 2016, he made a visit to [[Mexico]] and met with Mexican President [[Enrique Peña Nieto]], saying he wanted to build relations in the country. However, in a major speech later that night, Trump laid out a 10-step plan reaffirming his hardline positions, and used harsh rhetoric to portray many illegal immigrants as a danger to Americans. In reaction, one member of Trump's Hispanic advisory council resigned, and several other Hispanic supporters said they were reconsidering their support.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Support from top former U.S. military leaders was split between Clinton and Trump, and "[a]mong prominent ex-military and national-security leaders, the edge clearly belongs to Clinton." Among ex-military leaders, Trump's most prominent supporter was retired Lieutenant General [[Michael T. Flynn]]. An [[open letter]] endorsing Trump, signed by 88 retired generals and admirals (led by [[Sidney Shachnow]]), was released in September 2016. This number is fewer than the 500 retired military officers who endorsed Republican nominee [[Mitt Romney]] in 2012.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Trump led in polling of military veterans and military households in September 2016, although his performance with this group trailed "well behind that of other recent Republican candidates".


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: On February 24, 2016, former presidential candidate [[Mitt Romney]] called on Trump to release his tax returns, suggesting they contain a "bombshell". On March 3, Romney expanded his criticisms in a [[Mitt Romney's March 3 speech|widely reported speech]] in which he said that Trump's economic plans would cause profound recession, criticized his foreign policy proposals as reckless and dangerous, and called him a "con man", a "fake", and a "phony", joking that Trump's promises are "as worthless as a degree from [[Trump University]]". In June he expressed concern that some of the things Trump says could legitimize racism, and that Trump as president could cause "trickle-down racism, trickle-down bigotry, trickle-down misogyny, all these things (that) are extraordinarily dangerous to the heart and character of America".


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Unlike many other Republican critics who came around after Trump was confirmed as the presumptive nominee, Romney continued his "increasingly lonely" challenge to Trump. He explained, "I wanted my grandkids to see that I simply couldn't ignore what Mr. Trump was saying and doing, which revealed a character and temperament unfit for the leader of the free world." He hinted that he might vote for [[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian]] candidate [[Gary Johnson]].


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: In contrast, while Romney was running for president in 2012, he praised Trump and sought his endorsement.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: A concerted effort by some Republicans and other prominent conservatives to prevent Trump from obtaining the Republican Party presidential nomination gained momentum following Trump's wins in the Super Tuesday primaries on March 15, 2016.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: On March 17, 2016, several dozen conservatives led by [[Erick Erickson]] met at the [[Army and Navy Club of Washington DC|Army and Navy Club]] in [[Washington D.C.]] to discuss strategies for preventing Trump from securing the nomination at the Republican National Convention in July. Among the strategies discussed were a "unity ticket", a possible third-party candidate and a contested convention, especially if Trump does not gain the 1,237 delegates necessary to secure the nomination.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: In June 2016, activists [[Eric O'Keefe (political activist)|Eric O'Keefe]] and Dane Waters formed a group called [[Delegates Unbound]], attempting to convince delegates to vote for whomever they want. By June 19, hundreds of delegates to the Republican National Convention calling themselves [[Free the Delegates]] had begun raising funds and recruiting members in support of an effort to change Party convention rules to free delegates to vote however they want—instead of according to the results of state caucuses and primaries. However, the convention's Rules Committee voted down, by a vote of 84–21, a move to send a "minority report" to the floor allowing the unbinding of delegates, thereby defeating the "Stop Trump" activists and guaranteeing Trump's nomination. The committee then endorsed the opposite option, voting 87–12 to include rules language specifically stating that delegates were required to vote based on their states' primary and caucus results.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Other conservative commentators were strongly opposed to him. "[[National Review]]" released a January 2016 special issue called "Against Trump", in opposition to Trump's bid for the presidency. [[William Kristol]], publisher of "[[The Weekly Standard]]", was highly critical of Trump and carried on a public search for an independent candidate to run against Trump and Clinton in the general election, citing a "patriotic obligation to try and offer the American people a third way".


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: [[Paul Ryan]], [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives]], was initially critical of Trump on multiple occasions. In December 2015 when Trump called for a ban on foreign Muslims entering the country, Ryan said "What was proposed yesterday is not what this party stands for, and more importantly, it's not what this country stands for." Even after endorsing Trump, Ryan continued to criticize Trump's religion-based immigration proposals. In early March 2016 Ryan condemned Trump's failure to repudiate the support of [[white supremacists]], and in mid March he strongly objected to Trump's suggestion that there could be "riots" at the Republican convention if he is not the nominee. In June when Trump said the judge hearing a lawsuit against him was biased because he was of Mexican extraction, Ryan said Trump's remarks were "absolutely unacceptable" and "the textbook definition of a racist comment".


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: In May when Trump was declared the presumptive nominee, Ryan told CNN that he was not ready to endorse Trump, saying "I'm not there right now." He questioned Trump's commitment to conservative values but added he hoped to back him eventually. Trump and Ryan met once during May, and on June2 Ryan published an op-ed piece endorsing Trump and stressing the need to prevent Hillary Clinton's election. Ryan later explained that as Majority Leader he feels obligated to support the Republican nominee in the interest of party unity.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: On August 2, 2016, one week before Ryan faced a primary for re-election to his house seat, Trump declined to endorse him, saying "I'm just not quite there yet." He also praised Ryan's primary opponent. Trump's comments infuriated Republican officials, particularly GOP chairman [[Reince Priebus]]. Three days later Trump endorsed Ryan, reading from a prepared statement, "So in our shared mission, to make America great again, I support and endorse our speaker of the House, Paul Ryan."


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: In October 2016, following the [[Donald Trump Access Hollywood controversy|Donald Trump "Access Hollywood" controversy]], Ryan disinvited Trump from a scheduled campaign rally, announced that he would no longer defend or support Trump's presidential campaign, and in a highly unusual move he freed down-ticket congressional members to use their own judgment, saying "you all need to do what's best for you and your district." In the final weeks of the campaign, Trump went on the attack against Ryan, accusing him and other "disloyal" Republicans of deliberately undermining his candidacy as part of "a whole sinister deal". Despite his reluctance to publicly support Trump, Ryan ultimately announced that he cast his vote for Donald Trump a week before election day. In March 2017, [[Breitbart News]] released a tape recording with Ryan telling fellow Republican congressmen that he was "not going to defend Donald Trump—not now, not in the future."


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Trump is a [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]] and says he attends [[Marble Collegiate Church]], although the church said in a statement that he is "not an active member". In campaign speeches, he had routinely praised the [[Bible]] and sometimes carried it, often saying that his own book "[[Trump: The Art of the Deal]]" is his "second-favorite book after the Bible". On occasion, Trump "reflected a degree of indifference" to religion, causing unease among some [[Social conservatism|social conservatives]].


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Trump solicited the support of religious leaders, inviting dozens of Christian and Jewish leaders to his New York City offices for a meeting and [[laying on of hands]] prayer gathering in September 2015. Trump praised prominent national [[Evangelicalism|evangelical leaders]] of the [[Christian right]], including [[Tony Perkins (politician)|Tony Perkins]] and [[Ralph E. Reed Jr.|Ralph Reed]], and received a blessing and endorsement from [[Greek Orthodox Church|Greek Orthodox]] priest and hedge fund manager [[Emmanuel Lemelson]]. In January 2016, Trump received the endorsement of [[Liberty University]] president [[Jerry Falwell Jr.]], a prominent evangelical leader.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Trump drew high levels of evangelical support despite holding political views and religious commitments at odds with many evangelicals. In July 2016, 78 percent of white evangelicals said that they would vote for Trump according to Pew Research Center. After the revelation of the "Access Hollywood" recording, members of Trump's "evangelical advisory council" compared their link to Trump to Jesus who had befriended sinners.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Conversely, some Christian religious leaders criticized Trump. After finishing a trip to the U.S.–Mexico border, [[Pope Francis]], the leader of the [[Catholic Church]], said in response to a question about Trump's border-wall proposal: "A person who thinks only about building walls—wherever they may be—and not building bridges, is not Christian. This is not in the Gospel." Trump then called the pope's comments "disgraceful".


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Other figures made more direct religious-based critiques of Trump, including from the American Christian right. [[Russell D. Moore]], the head of the [[Southern Baptist Convention]]'s public-policy arm, the [[Ethics and Religious Liberty Commission]], is a prominent Trump critic and argued that Christians should vote for a conservative third party. [[Peter Wehner]] of the [[Ethics and Public Policy Center]], who has served in the last three Republican presidential administrations, said that Trump "embodies a [[Friedrich Nietzsche|Nietzschean]] morality rather than a Christian one", writing that Trump is "characterized by indifference to objective truth (there are no facts, only interpretations), the repudiation of Christian concern for the poor and the weak, and disdain for the powerless". On the [[Christian left]], a number of commentators, including preacher and "[[New York Daily News]]" columnist [[Shaun King (activist)|Shaun King]], criticized Trump's racially charged rhetoric as inconsistent with Christianity.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Trump struggled with Mormon voters, affecting his party's grip on Utah, where Mormons constitute a majority, and Nevada, where they are a significant minority. Reasons for this include Trump's rhetoric concerning Muslims, which Mormons see as a parallel to [[Persecution of Mormons|their own historic persecution]]. Following the release of the [[Donald Trump Access Hollywood controversy|2016 "Access Hollywood" tape]], several high-profile Mormon political leaders from Utah, including [[Governor of Utah|Utah governor]] [[Gary Herbert]] and representative [[Jason Chaffetz]], withdrew their endorsements for Trump. The "[[Deseret News]]", a media outlet owned by [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]], broke with an 80-year tradition of refraining from presidential endorsements to publish an editorial calling on Trump to step aside.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: The phrase "One people under one God" was noted as having been used repeatedly in Trump speeches, especially to religious groups. Christian media commentators have likened it to [[Ephesians 4]]:5, "One Lord, one faith, one baptism". "[[Christian Today]]" termed the use of the phrase "a rare mention of religion by the Republican presidential nominee" in early September.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: At about the same time, [[Reuters]] also said Trump "rarely mentions religion" and used the phrase as an illustration that Trump's campaign, previously centered around confrontational issues, had begun to invoke religion to appeal to voters and build a unified base.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Trump praised the U.S. [[Tea Party movement]] throughout his 2016 campaign. In August 2015, he told a Tea Party gathering in [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]] that "The tea party people are incredible people. These are people who work hard and love the country and they get beat up all the time by the media." In a January 2016 [[CNN]] poll at the beginning of the [[2016 Republican primary]], Trump led all Republican candidates modestly among self-identified Tea Party voters with 37 percent supporting Trump and 34 percent supporting [[Ted Cruz]].


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Trump called his wife [[Melania Trump|Melania]] "my pollster" and had said that she supported his presidential run. Melania appeared at her husband's June 2015 campaign announcement and at the Fox News debate in Cleveland. She has also conducted several televised interviews and appeared at a Trump rally in South Carolina along with other family members. Trump's adult children Donald Jr, Ivanka, and Eric, as well as Ivanka's husband Jared Kushner, were all involved in his campaign and are regarded as key advisers. They were reportedly influential in persuading Trump to fire his controversial campaign manager Corey Lewandowski in June 2016. Melania, Donald Jr, Eric, and Ivanka were "Headliner" speakers on successive nights of the Republican National Convention. If elected president, Trump said that he would hand over control of his company to his children instead of placing it in a [[blind trust]].


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Having called Wikileaks "disgraceful" in 2010, Trump praised Wikileaks in October 2016, saying, "I love Wikileaks."


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: During the 2016 U.S. presidential election campaign, WikiLeaks [[2016 Democratic National Committee email leak|released emails and other documents]] from the [[Democratic National Committee]] and from Hillary Clinton's campaign manager, [[John Podesta]], showing that the party's [[Democratic National Committee|national committee]] favoured Clinton over her rival [[Bernie Sanders]] in the [[2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries|primaries]], leading to the resignation of DNC chairwoman [[Debbie Wasserman Schultz]] and an apology to Sanders from the DNC. These releases caused significant harm to the Clinton campaign, and have been cited as a potential contributing factor to her loss in the general election against Donald Trump. The U.S. intelligence community expressed "high confidence" that the leaked emails had been hacked by Russia and supplied to WikiLeaks. WikiLeaks said that the source of the documents was not Russia or any other state.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Also during the 2016 U.S. presidential election campaign, Assange only exposed material damaging to the Democratic National Committee and Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton. Wikileaks popularized conspiracies about the Democratic Party and Hillary Clinton, such as tweeting an article which suggested Clinton campaign chairperson John Podesta engaged in satanic rituals, which was later revealed to be false implying that the Democratic Party had [[Murder of Seth Rich|Seth Rich]] killed, suggesting that Clinton wore earpieces to debates and interviews, claiming that Hillary Clinton wanted to drone strike Assange, promoting conspiracy theories about Clinton's health, and promoting a conspiracy theory from a Donald Trump-related internet community tying the Clinton campaign to child kidnapper [[Laura Silsby]]. According to Harvard political scientist Matthew Baum and College of the Canyons political scientist Phil Gussin, Wikileaks strategically released e-mails related to the Clinton campaign whenever Clinton's lead expanded in the polls.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: There was a large gender gap in support for Trump, with women significantly less likely to express support than men. A March 2016 poll showed that half of U.S. women had a "very unfavorable" view of Trump. A separate March 2016 poll showed women favoring Hillary Clinton 55 percent to 35 percent over Trump, "twice the gender gap of the 2012 presidential election", while a Gallup poll showed a 70 percent unfavorable rating. A May 2016 [[NPR]] article, citing a poll that showed Clinton leading Trump among women by 17 percentage points while Trump led among men by five points—a 22-point gender gap—suggested that "the Trump–Clinton gender gap could be the largest in more than 60 years".


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: By mid-October 2016 an average among 12 polls showed Trump trailing by 15 percentage points among women but ahead by five points among men.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Both before and during his presidential campaign, Trump made a number of comments about women that some viewed as [[Sexism#In language|sexist]], or [[Misogyny|misogynistic]]. A number of these are discussed below under controversies. Trump won among white women overall, winning nearly twice as many non-college educated white women than Clinton, although Clinton outperformed Trump with votes from college-educated white women.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: From the outset of his campaign, Trump was endorsed by various [[White nationalism|white nationalist]] and [[White supremacy|white supremacist]] movements and leaders. On February 24, 2016, [[David Duke]], a former [[Ku Klux Klan]] [[Ku Klux Klan titles and vocabulary#Higher levels|


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Grand Dragon]], expressed vocal support for Trump's campaign on his radio show. Shortly thereafter in an interview with [[Jake Tapper]], Trump repeatedly claimed to be ignorant of Duke and his support. Republican presidential rivals were quick to respond on his wavering, and Senator Marco Rubio stated the Duke endorsement made Trump un-electable. Others questioned his professed ignorance of Duke by pointing out that in 2000, Trump called him a "Klansman". Trump later blamed the incident on a poor earpiece he was given by CNN. Later the same day Trump stated that he had previously disavowed Duke in a tweet posted with a video on his Twitter account. On March 3, 2016, Trump stated: "David Duke is a bad person, who I disavowed on numerous occasions over the years. I disavowed him. I disavowed the KKK."


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: On July 22, 2016 (the day after Trump's nomination), Duke announced that he will be a candidate for the Republican nomination for the U.S. Senate from Louisiana. He commented, "I'm overjoyed to see Donald Trump and most Americans embrace most of the issues that I've championed for years." A spokesperson for the Trump campaign said Trump "has disavowed David Duke and will continue to do so."


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: On August 25, 2016, Clinton gave a speech saying that Trump is "taking hate groups mainstream and helping a radical fringe take over the Republican Party." She identified this radical fringe with the "[[Alt-right]]", a largely online variation of American far-right that embraces white nationalism and is anti-immigration. During the election season, the Alt-right movement "evangelized" online in support of racist and anti-semitic ideologies. Clinton noted that Trump's campaign chief executive [[Stephen Bannon]] described his [[Breitbart News]] Network as "the platform for the alt-right." On September 9, 2016, several leaders of the alt-right community held a press conference, described by one reporter as the "coming-out party" of the little-known movement, to explain their goals. They affirmed their racialist beliefs, stating "Race is real, race matters, and race is the foundation of identity." Speakers called for a "White Homeland" and expounded on racial differences in intelligence. They also confirmed their support of Trump, saying "This is what a leader looks like."


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: [[Richard B. Spencer|Richard Spencer]], who runs the white nationalist [[National Policy Institute]], said, "Before Trump, our identity ideas, national ideas, they had no place to go". The editor of the [[Neo-Nazi]] website "[[The Daily Stormer]]" stated, "Virtually every alt-right [[Nazi]] I know is volunteering for the Trump campaign." [[Rocky Suhayda]], chairman of the [[American Nazi Party]] said that although Trump "isn't one of us," his election would be a "real opportunity" for the white nationalist movement.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: The [[Southern Poverty Law Center]] monitored Trump's campaign throughout the election and noted several instances where Trump and lower-level surrogates either used white nationalist rhetoric or engaged with figures in the white nationalist movement.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: According to 2021 study in "Public Opinion Quarterly", Trump's candidacy simultaneously attracted whites with extreme views on race and made his white supporters more likely to express more extreme views on race.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: At over half a million subscribers, the [[subreddit]] /r/The_Donald on [[Reddit]] faced controversy since its inception. Trump hosted an [[Reddit#IAmA and AMA|"Ask Me Anything"]] (AMA) on the subreddit during the [[2016 Democratic National Convention]] on July 27, 2016, and answered thirteen of the thousands of questions posted on the subreddit. Moderators of the subreddit claimed they banned more than 2,000 accounts during Trump's AMA session.


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: The subreddit was criticized by [[Vice (magazine)|"Vice"]], which stated in an article that the subreddit was "authoritarian," "racist," "misogynistic," "homophobic," "Islamophobic," and a "hypocritical 'free speech' rallying point." The publication "[[Slate (website)|Slate]]" described The_Donald as a "[[hate speech]] [[public forum debate|forum]]". According to "The New York Times", "members respond to accusations of bigotry with defiant claims of persecution at the hands of critics. It is an article of faith among posters that anti-racists are the real bigots, feminists are the actual sexists, and progressive politics are, in effect, regressive."


title: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

text: Surveys showed that significant proportions of Trump supporters hold negative views of immigrants, Muslims, and African-Americans. The [[Pew Research Center]] found that 69 percent of Trump supporters viewed immigrants as a burden, rather than a benefit, to the US, and 64 percent believed that American Muslims should be subject to greater scrutiny solely on the basis of their religion. [[Reuters]] found that Trump supporters were more than twice as likely as Clinton supporters to view Islam negatively. Trump supporters were also more likely than supporters of other candidates to hold negative views of African-Americans. Reuters reported that 40–50 percent of Trump supporters viewed African-Americans as being more "lazy", "rude", "violent", or "criminal" than whites, compared to 25–30 percent for Clinton supporters; while 32 percent of Trump supporters believed that African-Americans were less intelligent than whites, compared to 22 percent of Clinton supporters.