title: Exit (2019 film)

text: In order to get themselves and Jung-hyun to safety, everyone heads to the roof, but much to their horror, they discover that the door to the roof is locked. With everyone else occupied, Yong-nam proceeds to shatter a window and leap across to the adjacent building. Only equipped with a makeshift harness, Yong-nam manages to scale the Cloud Garden and reach the top of the roof, where he opens the door for his family. Once everyone is assembled on the roof, they manage to hail a passing rescue helicopter with crude SOS signals. However, Yong-nam and Eui-joo are prevented from boarding the helicopter, as their inclusion would exceed the weight limit on the helicopter gondola. Due to the rising gas, they are then forced to wrap themselves up in improvisational safety gear and leave the Cloud Garden to seek higher ground.


title: Exit (2019 film)

text: Once the two manage to find a suitable building, they proceed to signal to another passing helicopter. However, upon seeing a group of students trapped in a building opposite them, they redirect the helicopter to the students and away from themselves. Then a gas station near by the truck explodes sending a wave of the toxic gas, forcing them to leave the building before they could also be rescued.


title: Exit (2019 film)

text: After failing to be rescued twice, Yong-nam and Eui-joo realise that the only way to escape the rising gas is to head towards the tower crane, the highest point in the vicinity. At the same time, they are discovered by a drone, which they use to provide directions towards the tower crane.


title: Exit (2019 film)

text: After running and climbing across numerous buildings, the drone finally loses power, leaving Yong-nam and Eui-joo at a dead end, as they realise that none of the surrounding buildings are close enough to get to the tower crane. Just as they begin to despair, multiple drones begin to converge towards their location, and Yong-nam is able to suspend a rope across the buildings by utilising one of them. Yong-nam and Eui-joo then attempt to swing across, but their combined weight proves too much for the drone, and the two fall, seemingly to their deaths. However, the two manage to survive the fall and reach the tower crane, from where they are eventually extracted from by a rescue helicopter.


title: Exit (2019 film)

text: Once on safe ground, Yong-nam tearfully reunites with the rest of his family. As Yong-nam and Eui-joo face one another to say goodbye, they agree to see each other again sometime. As they stand smiling, rainfall starts to descend, dissipating the last of the white gas from the city.


title: Exit (2019 film)

text: The film was selected as the opening film of the 4th London East Asia Film Festival, held from October 24 to November 3, 2019.


title: Exit (2019 film)

text: Despite being released alongside "The Divine Fury" on July 31, "Exit" managed to take the No. 1 position at the box office on its premiere, recording an opening day total of 409, 026 admissions. "Exit" then proceeded to break the record for the fastest movie to reach 1 million moviegoers, reaching the milestone just two days after its initial release. Notably, "Exit" was only the second Korean film to maintain the No.1 spot at the box office for two successive days in 2019; the critically acclaimed "Parasite" being the first such film to do so.


title: Exit (2019 film)

text: "Exit" maintained a high number of admission sales over the course of the week, surpassing the 2 million admissions mark and 3 million admissions mark, respectively four and six days after its release.


title: Exit (2019 film)

text: Over the coming weeks, "Exit" continued to attract a steady number of viewers, reaching the 9 million mark, 36 days after its release.


title: Exit (2019 film)

text: Eventually, "Exit" managed to accrue a total of 9,425,294 admissions nationwide, becoming the third highest-selling domestic film in South Korea for 2019, and the sixth highest-selling film for all movies screened in South Korea.


title: Exit (2019 film)

text: Overall, "Exit" grossed a worldwide total of US$69,501,772, of which US$67,380,750 was earned from South Korea alone.


title: Exit (2019 film)

text: The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported an approval rating of , with an average rating of . One of the critics, Yoon Min-sik of "The Korean Herald", described "Exit" as a "fun, action-packed film" where "for every flaw, the flick had many more enjoyable elements", showing the potential to become ""the" summer blockbuster of the year." Furthermore, "Exit" was praised for its incorporation of lightheartedness, described as "a new breed of disaster film that has never been seen before" and "a film to be enjoyed by all ages."


title: Exit (2019 film)

text: In contrast, Carlos Aguilar of the "Los Angeles Times" was more mixed in his review, pointing towards a lack of originality of the overall story, labelling it a "trite commodity." He commented that despite "the amusing hurdles", "Exit" was ultimately "a simplistically digestible and ultimately predictable big-budget outing with a slight edge."


title: Quinton de Kock

text: Quinton de Kock (born 17 December 1992) is a South African cricketer and former captain of the Proteas in all three formats. He currently plays for South Africa in limited overs cricket, Titans at the domestic level, and Lucknow Super Giants in the Indian Premier League. He was named the Cricketer of the Year at Cricket South Africa's 2017 Annual Awards.


title: Quinton de Kock

text: An opening batsman and wicket-keeper, de Kock made his domestic debut for the Highveld Lions during the 2012/2013 season. He quickly caught the national selectors' eye when he starred in a match-winning partnership with Neil McKenzie in the Champions League T20 against the Mumbai Indians in the Indian Premier League (IPL). He also finished fourth on the first-class rankings, despite playing only six of the 10 matches that summer.


title: Quinton de Kock

text: De Kock made his international debut in the first match of South Africa's home Twenty20 International series against the touring New Zealanders during the 2012/13 season. He was asked to keep wickets in place of AB de Villiers, who asked to be rested. He has since played regularly for the team at both One Day International (ODI) and Twenty20 International (T20I) level. In February 2014, he also made his Test debut for South Africa, playing solely as a batsman.


title: Quinton de Kock

text: By his 20th ODI match, De Kock had already scored five centuries. He became the fourth player to score three successive one-day centuries and the second player to score four ODI centuries before his 21st birthday. In his 74th ODI, against Sri Lanka on 10 February 2017, he became the fastest player to complete 12 ODI hundreds, bettering Hashim Amla, who had achieved the landmark in 81 innings.


title: Quinton de Kock

text: Before joining the Titans in 2015, de Kock played domestic cricket for Gauteng and the Highveld Lions. He has also played in the Indian Premier League (IPL) for Sunrisers Hyderabad, Delhi Daredevils, Royal Challengers Bangalore, and Mumbai Indians. Although he opens the batting in One Day International and T20 cricket, he primarily bats in the middle order in Test cricket. In July 2020, he was named South Africa's Men's Cricketer of the Year at Cricket South Africa's annual awards ceremony. In December 2020, in the series against Sri Lanka, de Kock captained South Africa for the first time in Test cricket.


title: Quinton de Kock

text: De Kock attended King Edward VII School in Johannesburg. He was spotted as a schoolboy talent and used to play for the affiliate club Old Eds. In the 2012 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup, he scored 95 off 131 balls in South Africa's first match against Bangladesh, which the team won by 133 runs. In the second match against Namibia, he scored 126 off 106 balls, with South Africa winning again, by 209 runs. In the quarter-final match against England, de Kock scored only 7 runs, but performed well as wicket-keeper, recording five dismissals (two stumpings and three catches). Overall, de Kock scored 284 runs throughout the tournament, ranking fourth for the tournament.


title: Quinton de Kock

text: From Johannesburg, De Kock debuted for Gauteng's senior team during the 2009–10 season, aged 16, and subsequently represented the national under-19 team at the 2012 Under-19 World Cup. In April 2021, he was named in Northerns' squad, ahead of the 2021–22 cricket season in South Africa.


title: Quinton de Kock

text: In the 2013 domestic twenty20 tournament in South Africa, De Kock played several good knocks to take his team Highveld Lions to the final where they won, eventually becoming the season dalla champions. On 18 February 2013, in the same tournament against Cape Cobras he hit the second highest T20 score of 126 in South Africa. His knock of 126 is also the highest T20 score ever made by a wicketkeeper batsman in an innings (126).


title: Quinton de Kock

text: In 2013 de Kock was bought by Indian Premier League franchise Sunrisers Hyderabad in the player auction, but failed to impress when he played. He signed for Delhi Daredevils for the 2014 tournament, going on to play for the side until 2017 and scoring a century in 2016. He was bought by Royal Challengers Bangalore in 2018 auction and played for Mumbai Indians in the 2019 season. He was the team's highest run scorer during their championship winning season. In 2021, he was drafted by Southern Brave for the inaugural season of The Hundred. He was second highest run scorer for Southern Brave, scoring 202 runs in 9 matches.


title: Quinton de Kock

text: In the 2022 IPL auction, de Kock was bought by Lucknow Super Giants. He scored his second IPL century on 18 May 2022 against the Kolkata Knight riders, with 140 runs in 70 balls. In April 2022, he was bought by the Southern Brave for the 2022 season of The Hundred in England.


title: Quinton de Kock

text: De Kock represented South Africa for the first time, at T20 level, on 21 December 2012 against New Zealand. While South Africa crushed New Zealand and got them all out for only 86, the hosts chased it down easily with 8 wickets still remaining. De Kock made an impression on his first appearance by scoring an unbeaten 28 off 23 while chasing. He also kept wicket and gloved two catches.


title: Quinton de Kock

text: De Kock made his debut for the South African ODI side on 19 January 2013, against New Zealand at Boland Park Stadium, Paarl, South Africa. It was reported that he was training and grooming under veteran retired South African wicket-keeper batsman Mark Boucher ahead of the ODI series against New Zealand. He was promoted to the opening batting spot from his second match onwards with Graeme Smith in his debut series.


title: Quinton de Kock

text: In November 2013, De Kock was selected in the first XI of South Africa against Pakistan in the United Arab Emirates, in place of Colin Ingram. De Kock scored a match winning 112 off 135 balls on a tough batting track in Abu Dhabi in the fourth ODI to reach his maiden ODI century. South Africa won the ODI series 4–1. They also played two T20 games against Pakistan. De Kock scored 48 not out in the first match while chasing and took them home. They won that T20 series too by 2–0.


title: Quinton de Kock

text: On 5 December 2013, De Kock scored 135 against India at his home ground in Johannesburg. His innings guided the team to a 141-run victory over India and he was awarded his first-ever 'Man of the Match' award in One Day International cricket. He followed his performance with another successive ODI ton in the next match against the same team in Durban. He scored 106 runs making a record-breaking opening stand of 194 in Durban with teammate Hashim Amla who also scored a century in the same match. This performance awarded him another 'Man of the Match' award while they already won the series beating India by 134 runs. He again broke a century knock of 101 in the 3rd ODI which was later abandoned due to rain, but he became only the fifth person to achieve this feat of three consecutive centuries in One Day Internationals, after Zaheer Abbas, Saeed Anwar, Herschelle Gibbs and AB de Villiers. He also became the highest run-getter ever in a three-match bilateral ODI series, breaking the previous record of Martin Guptill. Meanwhile, he was awarded the 'Man of the Series'.


title: Quinton de Kock

text: De Kock scored his 5th ODI century knock of 128 against Sri Lanka to record their first-ever ODI series win in Sri Lanka. He also scored his maiden test fifty in the series.


title: Quinton de Kock

text: In the 3-match tour to Zimbabwe in August, 2014, De Kock eventually became the joint quickest batsman to reach 1000 runs in ODI cricket sharing the record with Viv Richards, Jonathan Trott and Kevin Pietersen. He reached the milestone in 21 innings. He was also awarded the 'Player of the Series' in that tournament where South Africa beat Zimbabwe 3–0.


title: Quinton de Kock

text: For his performances in 2014, De Kock was named in the World ODI XI by ICC. He was also named as wicket keeper of the ODI XI in 2016 by ICC and Cricinfo.


title: Quinton de Kock

text: In the ODI series against Bangladesh in 2017, De Kock along with Hashim Amla set the highest record ODI runstand for South Africa with an unbeaten partnership of 282 runs. This is also the highest-ever partnership in One-Day Internationals without losing any wickets. For his performances in 2017, he was named as wicket keeper of the World ODI XI by ICC.


title: Quinton de Kock

text: In April 2019, he was named in South Africa's squad for the 2019 Cricket World Cup. The International Cricket Council (ICC) named de Kock as the key player of South Africa's squad for the tournament. In the opening match of the World Cup against England, he scored 68. He ultimately finished with 305 runs from 8 matches, including three half centuries.


title: Quinton de Kock

text: On 4 February 2020, during the home ODI series against England De Kock scored his 15th ODI century and became joint second fastest South African to reach 5,000 ODI runs. In the same match he also became only the second wicket keeper opening batsman after Adam Gilchrist while captaining the side to score a century in ODIs.


title: Quinton de Kock

text: In February 2014, de Kock made his Test debut for South Africa, scoring seven runs in the first innings and 34 runs in the second innings against Australia at St George's Oval in Port Elizabeth.


title: Quinton de Kock

text: In January 2016, when South Africa was losing the home Test series against England, De Kock was recalled to the Test side for the second Test, taking the keeper's gloves from AB de Villiers, but failed to deliver. He was replaced by Dane Vilas at the 11th hour before the third Test, after a freak injury he picked up at home the afternoon before. He was again selected for the fourth and the final Test and scored his debut Test century with a score of 129 not out in the first innings coming to bat at number seven. In the tour, De Kock reached a milestone as the fastest to reach 10 ODI centuries. He completed his 10th century in his 55th match. In their 3rd test against Pakistan he made his same score of 129 in their 2nd innings in 2019.


title: Quinton de Kock

text: On 22 July 2018 during the second test match against Sri Lanka, he went on to become the fastest wicketkeeper in terms of matches (35) to take 150 test dismissals. On 27 January 2019 during the fourth test match against England, he broke the record for the fastest wicketkeeper to effect 200 dismissals (47).


title: Quinton de Kock

text: On 12 June 2021, Quinton de Kock joined Mark Boucher in 3,000 runs in Test cricket as a wicketkeeper for South Africa club during his career-best 141 not-out against West Indies.


title: Quinton de Kock

text: In March 2014, South Africa played a 3-match Twenty20 series against Australia. De Kock was named the 'Player of the Series' in the tournament although South Africa lost the series by 0–2. In 2019–2020 season de Kock was brilliant in this format scoring 4 half centuries. In September 2021, De Kock was named in South Africa's squad for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup.


title: Quinton de Kock

text: In October 2021, during the Men's T20 World Cup, de Kock made himself unavailable for South Africa's match against West Indies after refusing to take the knee. Following the match, he apologised saying he would take the knee and wanted to play for his country again. De Kock explained that he had originally decided not to take the knee because of the way in which Cricket South Africa had handled the issue by mandating that all players take the knee shortly before the match against the West Indies. However, he returned to the side for South Africa's next match, against Sri Lanka, and took the knee before the start of play.


title: Quinton de Kock

text: De Kock married his girlfriend, Sasha Hurly, in September 2016. They have a daughter, born in January 2022.


title: Sarina Wiegman

text: Sarina Petronella Wiegman (born 26 October 1969), also known as Sarina Wiegman-Glotzbach, is a Dutch football manager and former player who has been the manager of the England women's national team since September 2021.


title: Sarina Wiegman

text: In her playing career, Wiegman started out as a central midfielder before moving to defence. In 1989, she attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where she played for the North Carolina Tar Heels women's soccer team. Returning to the Netherlands, she joined the women's team of Ter Leede in addition to her job as a physical education teacher. With Ter Leede, she won the Dutch championship and the KNVB Cup once.


title: Sarina Wiegman

text: Wiegman represented the Netherlands from 1987 to 2001. Although she was capped 104 times for her country (which was initially recognised by the KNVB), caps won against non-FIFA-affiliated opponents resulted in her official cap total standing just short of a century at 99.


title: Sarina Wiegman

text: After retiring in 2003, Wiegman began her coaching career with the women's teams of Ter Leede and ADO Den Haag. In 2014, she became the assistant manager of the national team. In 2016, Wiegman received her full coaching licence and became the first woman to work as coach a Dutch professional football team. After being appointed as the head coach of the Dutch national team, Wiegman led them to victory at the UEFA Women's Euro 2017. Two years later, the team became runners-up of the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup. In August 2020, it was announced that Wiegman would manage the England women's national team from September 2021 following the end of Phil Neville's contract. she remained manager of the Netherlands for the Olympics hoping to bring home a medal at the 2020 Olympics but that was not the case because the Netherlands were eliminated at the quarter-final stage. Then, she finally became the England manager and led the Lionesses to victory at the UEFA Women's Euro 2022 on home soil. It was an English senior team of either gender's first trophy since the men's team won the 1966 FIFA World Cup.


title: Sarina Wiegman

text: Wiegman was born in The Hague and started playing football on the streets at an early age. At the age of six, she joined ESDO from Wassenaar, where she played alongside boys. She also played for local side HSV Celeritas, where she could join the women's team. She is married to Marten Glotzbach and they have two daughters Lauren and Sacha.


title: Sarina Wiegman

text: In 1988, while in China for the 1988 FIFA Women's Invitation Tournament, she met USWNT head coach Anson Dorrance, who invited her to come study at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and play for the North Carolina Tar Heels women's soccer team, which she did in 1989. At North Carolina, Wiegman played alongside such players as Mia Hamm, Kristine Lilly and Carla Overbeck. They became NCAA champions in 1989.


title: Sarina Wiegman

text: Wiegman later described the team quality and working conditions as being "of the highest level," which made for a stark contrast with the situation in the Netherlands when she returned there after one year. Here, all women's players had to work aside from football. Wiegman became a physical education teacher, a job she would keep for the rest of her playing career.


title: Sarina Wiegman

text: In 1994, Wiegman joined Ter Leede, where she would win two Dutch championships (2001 and 2003) and one KNVB Cup (2001). In 2003, she retired after becoming pregnant with her second child.


title: Sarina Wiegman

text: Wiegman gained 104 caps for the Netherlands, scoring three goals, between 1987 and 2001. She also captained the team.


title: Sarina Wiegman

text: In 1986, at the age of 16, Wiegman was first selected for the Netherlands. On 23 May 1987, at the age of 17, she made her debut in an away match against Norway, which was Dick Advocaat's only match in charge of the Netherlands Women. She played at the 1988 FIFA Women's Invitation Tournament, where the Netherlands reached the quarter-finals. Wiegman also helped the Netherlands reach the quarter-finals of the 1989, 1991 and 1993 European Championships, although they never reached the final tournament of an official World Cup or European Championship.


title: Sarina Wiegman

text: On 9 April 2001, Wiegman gained her 100th cap in a home friendly against Denmark, becoming the first Dutch footballer to do so. Two days later, she was honoured with a shield awarded by the men's head coach Louis van Gaal. During his speech, he said: "I have a lot of respect for Sarina. For the men, everything is arranged. Here, this is much more difficult."


title: Sarina Wiegman

text: Wiegman played her final international game on 14 June 2001, a 2–0 away defeat against Czech Republic. It was later revealed that five of her caps were against non-FIFA affiliated opponents, so her official cap total now stands at 99.


title: Sarina Wiegman

text: On 24 January 2006, it was announced that Wiegman would become manager of Ter Leede. With the team, she won the Dutch championship and the KNVB Cup in 2007.


title: Sarina Wiegman

text: In the summer of 2007, Wiegman became manager of the women's team of ADO Den Haag, who would be competing in the newly established Women's Eredivisie. In 2012, she led ADO to the Eredivisie title and KNVB Cup. In 2013, ADO were once again victorious in the KNVB Cup.


title: Sarina Wiegman

text: On 1 August 2014, Wiegman left ADO to become assistant coach of the Netherlands women's national football team, as well as coordinator of the women's national under-19 team. On 27 March 2015, it was announced that Wiegman would be attending the KNVB course to obtain a coaching licence, becoming only the third woman to do so, after Vera Pauw and Hesterine de Reus. On 2 July 2015, it was announced that she would have an internship at Sparta Rotterdam.


title: Sarina Wiegman

text: On 1 August 2015, following Roger Reijners' dismissal as head coach of the Netherlands Women, Wiegman was appointed as interim head coach. This lasted until 1 October, when Arjan van der Laan assumed his duties as the new head coach. Wiegman subsequently became assistant coach again.


title: Sarina Wiegman

text: On 31 July 2016, Wiegman received her UEFA Pro coaching licence, having completed the Dutch Football Association's coaching course and a one-year internship at Sparta Rotterdam. In an interview with the KNVB, she said that having seen first-hand the high level of professionalism of men's football in the Netherlands, she hoped to help bring women's football in the Netherlands to the same level.


title: Sarina Wiegman

text: On 3 October 2016, it was announced that Wiegman would become temporary assistant of Ole Tobiasen at Jong Sparta Rotterdam (who appear in the 2016–17 Tweede Divisie), in addition to her work as Netherlands Women assistant. In doing so, she became the first female coach at a Dutch professional football organisation.


title: Sarina Wiegman

text: On 23 December 2016, Van der Laan was sacked by the KNVB and Wiegman was once again appointed interim head coach of the Netherlands Women. On 13 January 2017, the KNVB announced that Wiegman was installed as head coach on a permanent basis. At the same time, Foppe de Haan was appointed as her assistant.


title: Sarina Wiegman

text: Wiegman was appointed head coach six months before the start of the UEFA Women's Euro 2017, for which the Netherlands had automatically qualified as hosts. However, the team had been losing four out of five friendly matches, and morale was low. Wiegman subsequently worked on improving players' confidence and on a change in playing style to more attacking football.


title: Sarina Wiegman

text: At the European Championship, the Netherlands won every match, culminating in a 4–2 victory over Denmark in the Final. The team also received praise for their attractive playing style. The win signified the Netherlands Women's first European Championship title and first ever major honour in women's football. Wiegman became the second Dutch coach to lead the national team to a major honour, after Rinus Michels at the men's UEFA Euro 1988.


title: Sarina Wiegman

text: On 23 October 2017, Wiegman was awarded The Best FIFA Women's Coach title at that year's The Best FIFA Football Awards ceremony, ahead of Denmark coach Nils Nielsen and Lyon coach Gérard Prêcheur. Two days later, she was accepted as a Knight of the Order of Orange-Nassau at a ceremony which saw the entire European Championship-winning team receive the same honour.


title: Sarina Wiegman

text: After securing qualification for the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup, Wiegman led the Netherlands to the final of the tournament, in which they were defeated 0–2 against the United States. The team again received praise for their style of play on the way to the final. On 9 July 2019, it was announced a likeness of Wiegman will be added to the statue garden of the Dutch Football Association, KNVB, for her contributions to Dutch football. She is the first woman to receive this honour.


title: Sarina Wiegman

text: In August 2020, The Football Association announced that Wiegman had signed a four-year contract and would take the job of manager of the England women's national football team, starting in September 2021, taking over from Phil Neville. Her appointment made her the first non-British permanent Lionesses manager. After Neville resigned before his tenure was over, Norwegian Hege Riise assumed the role on an interim basis in January 2021 until Wiegman could take over. Wiegman's first game in charge was an 8–0 win against North Macedonia to begin 2023 World Cup qualification. On 30 November 2021, Wiegman's England side set a new national record with a 20–0 win over Latvia during World Cup qualifying. The previous record was 13–0 against Hungary, set in 2005. The match was Wiegman's sixth in charge and maintained her 100% record with the Lionesses, outscoring their opponents 53–0 during that time.


title: Sarina Wiegman

text: Wiegman managed England to victory in the UEFA Women's Euro 2022 Final with a 2–1 victory against Germany at Wembley Stadium. She became the fourth manager – all women's – to retain the Euros title and the first to win the tournament with two different countries, having coached her native Netherlands to the title in 2017. On 25 August 2022, following her triumph with the Lionesses, she won the UEFA Women's Coach of the Year Award for the 2021–22 season.


title: Butch Cassidy's Wild Bunch

text: Butch Cassidy's Wild Bunch was one of the loosely organized outlaw gangs operating out of the Hole-in-the-Wall, near Kaycee in Wyoming, a natural fortress with caves, with a narrow entrance that was constantly guarded. In the beginning, the gang was referred to as the "Hole in the Wall Gang" during the Old West era in the United States. It was popularized by the 1969 movie, "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid", and took its name from the original Wild Bunch. The gang was led by Butch Cassidy, and it included his closest friend Elzy Lay, the Sundance Kid, Tall Texan, News Carver, Camilla "Deaf Charley" Hanks, Laura Bullion, Flat-Nose Curry, Kid Curry, and Bob Meeks. They were the most successful train-robbing gang in history.


title: Butch Cassidy's Wild Bunch

text: The Wild Bunch gang claimed to make every attempt to abstain from killing people, and Cassidy boasted of having never killed a single man or woman in his entire career. These claims were false, however. Kid Curry, "Flat-Nose" Curry, Will "News" Carver, and other members of the gang killed numerous people during their flight from law enforcement. Kid Curry alone killed nine lawmen while with the gang, and another two civilians during shootouts, becoming the gang's most feared member. Elzy Lay killed another two lawmen following a robbery, for which he was wounded, arrested, and sentenced to life imprisonment. George Curry killed at least two lawmen, before being killed by Grand County, Utah, lawmen.


title: Butch Cassidy's Wild Bunch

text: The gang was also closely associated with female outlaws Ann Bassett and Josie Bassett, whose ranch near Browns Park supplied the gang often with fresh horses and beef. Both Bassett girls became romantically involved with several members of the gang, and both occasionally accompanied the gang to one of their hideouts, called "Robbers Roost". Associations with ranchers like these in the area allowed the gang considerable mobility, giving them an easy resupply of fresh horses and supplies, and a place to hole up for a night or two.


title: Butch Cassidy's Wild Bunch

text: At 1:00 am on June 2, 1899, Cassidy, Sundance Kid, Harvey Logan, and Lay robbed a Union Pacific train near Wilcox, Wyoming. They wore masks made from white napkins, possibly pilfered from a Harvey House restaurant. In the holdup, they stole between $30,000 and $60,000. The gang split up afterward, a common ploy to throw off pursuers, and several fled to New Mexico. On July 11, 1899, gang members robbed a train near Folsom, New Mexico, without Cassidy's presence. The pursuit by a posse led by Sheriff Ed Farr culminated in two gun battles, during which Sheriff Farr and two deputies were killed. Gang member Sam Ketchum was wounded and died in custody. Elzy Lay, one of Cassidy's closest friends and cofounder of the Wild Bunch gang, was wounded and also captured.


title: Butch Cassidy's Wild Bunch

text: Cassidy and the other members regrouped in Wyoming. On August 29, 1900, Cassidy, the Sundance Kid, Kid Curry, and another unidentified gang member believed to have been Will Carver, held up another Union Pacific train at Tipton, Wyoming. Less than a month later, on September 19, 1900, they raided the First National Bank of Winnemucca, Nevada, stealing $32,640. These and other lucrative robberies led to much notoriety and fame.


title: Butch Cassidy's Wild Bunch

text: In early 1901, Cassidy, the Sundance Kid, and Sundance's girlfriend Etta Place relocated to the Patagonia, Argentina, where they spent time at La Leona, 110 km from El Calafate in the province of Santa Cruz, to escape the pursuit of Pinkerton detectives and other lawmen. That same year, Will Carver was wounded by lawmen on April 1 and died in May. Ben Kilpatrick and Laura Bullion were captured in Tennessee in December 1901; he received a 20-year prison sentence and she was sentenced to five years. Kid Curry killed two lawmen in Knoxville, Tennessee; he escaped capture and traveled to Montana, where he killed the rancher who had killed his brother Johnny years before. He was captured on his return to Tennessee, but escaped again. Kid Curry was claimed to have killed himself in Colorado in 1904 during a shootout with lawmen, for he had said that no lawman would ever take him alive. In November 1908, Cassidy and Sundance are believed to have been killed in a shootout with the Bolivian Army; the exact circumstances of their fate continue to be disputed.


title: Butch Cassidy's Wild Bunch

text: Etta Place disappeared, her last known sighting was in San Francisco, 1909. She was suspected to have reinvented herself as a brothel and hotel owner named Eunice Gray, in Fort Worth, Texas; recent photographic evidence refutes this theory. Elzy Lay was released from prison in 1906, and after a brief visit to the Bassett ranch in Utah, he relocated to California, where he became a respected businessman; he died there in 1934. Ben Kilpatrick was released from prison in 1911, and was killed during a train robbery in Texas in 1912. Laura Bullion was released from prison in 1905, and lived the remainder of her life as a seamstress, dying in Memphis, Tennessee, in 1961, the last of the Wild Bunch.


title: The Diary of a Teenage Girl

text: The Diary of a Teenage Girl is a 2015 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Marielle Heller, based on the hybrid novel by Phoebe Gloeckner. It stars Bel Powley as a 15-year-old girl who becomes sexually active by starting a relationship with her mother's boyfriend. It also stars Kristen Wiig, Alexander Skarsgård, Christopher Meloni, Quinn Nagle, and Austin Lyon. It premiered at the 2015 Sundance Film Festival and had a limited release on August 7, 2015 by Sony Pictures Classics.


title: The Diary of a Teenage Girl

text: In 1976 San Francisco, 15-year-old aspiring cartoonist Minnie begins keeping an audio diary. She is stirred by her awakening sexuality and wants to lose her virginity. She fears she may be unattractive.


title: The Diary of a Teenage Girl

text: When Minnie's bohemian mother Charlotte is too busy to go out with her boyfriend Monroe, she suggests he take Minnie out instead. At a bar, they flirt and she tells him she wants to sleep with him. They begin meeting at his apartment and having sex. She shares the details of her sexual experiences with her friend Kimmie, and records them in her audio diary.


title: The Diary of a Teenage Girl

text: At a comic book store, Minnie sees cartoonist Aline Kominsky signing books. She mails Aline her first comic, about a woman walking through town.


title: The Diary of a Teenage Girl

text: Minnie sleeps twice with her schoolmate Ricky, but he finds her sexual enthusiasm intimidating. At a bar, Minnie and Kimmie decide to pose as prostitutes. They fellate two boys in the bathroom, but the next day agree it was a bad choice. Minnie's stepfather, Pascal, calls from New York City and invites Minnie to live with him, but she declines.


title: The Diary of a Teenage Girl

text: Charlotte loses her job as a librarian. So, Minnie and her younger sister Gretel ask Pascal for money, and though he is irritated, he sends the family a check. After a wild party, Minnie, Kimmie, and Monroe have a threesome. Kimmie later says it was a one-off as Minnie seems bothered by it. She adds, it's not as if Minnie loves Monroe.


title: The Diary of a Teenage Girl

text: Minnie realises, and says, that she does love him. She becomes increasingly uncomfortable with her affair with Monroe and he keeps breaking it off saying it is wrong only to continue having sex with her. Yet, when she wants sex, he acts too tired or pushes her down to give him a blow job. Her own satisfaction is a minor consideration.


title: The Diary of a Teenage Girl

text: Minnie goes round to confront Monroe but he says he didn't sleep the night before and needs a nap. Minnie is annoyed but lets him climb into bed. She lies down too and then he coaxes her into talking dirty about a guy she met at the cinema and then asks if it would hurt her if they were to have sex.


title: The Diary of a Teenage Girl

text: After they have sex and take acid together, Minnie sees herself covered in feathers and flying but Monroe has a bad trip, convinced they are being watched. During the trip he tells Minnie he loves her and she realizes that she no longer cares for him. Monroe begins making plans for them to be together when she is 18 and Minnie leaves him.


title: The Diary of a Teenage Girl

text: Charlotte grows suspicious of the relationship between Minnie and Monroe, but he convinces her that she is imagining things. Charlotte discovers Minnie's audio diary, and confronts them. She decides that Minnie and Monroe must now marry, which he agrees to. Minnie runs away from home in disgust and begins seeing a risk-taking lesbian, Tabatha. When Tabatha brings her to a drug dealer, having told him that Minnie will have sex with him for the drugs, Minnie returns to her family.


title: The Diary of a Teenage Girl

text: Minnie finds a letter from Aline encouraging her to draw more comics. Selling her comics and zines on the beach, Minnie runs into Monroe. She is cold towards him, and they go their separate ways. She reflects on her emotional growth and realizes that the only way to find happiness is by loving herself, not by depending on another person's affection.


title: The Diary of a Teenage Girl

text: Writer/director Heller received Phoebe Gloeckner's "The Diary of a Teenage Girl" as a Christmas gift from her younger sister in around 2007. Over the next few years Heller adapted the graphic novel into a play, in which she played the lead role. The piece of theater was originally conceived with Rachel Eckerling and then developed from 2007 to 2010 with Eckerling and Sarah Cameron Sunde. Sunde and Eckerling went on to co-direct the full production. "The Diary of a Teenage Girl" play premiered at 3LD Arts and Technology Center, produced by Aaron Louis in association with New Georges and The Essentials. The production design functioned as an immersive theatrical experience with a carpeted sunken living room and pillows for the audience to sit on, video and actors action took place in a full surround environment. It was critically acclaimed and ran for six weeks in March–April 2010. The success of the production helped convince Gloeckner to give the film rights to Heller.


title: The Diary of a Teenage Girl

text: On January 10, 2014, Kristen Wiig, Alexander Skarsgård, and Bel Powley were reported to have joined the cast of the film as leads. Caviar co-financed with Cold Iron Pictures, and co-produced with Archer Gray Productions. Principal photography began on January 10, 2014 in San Francisco, California, and continued into February.


title: The Diary of a Teenage Girl

text: The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 24, 2015. Shortly after, it was announced Sony Pictures Classics had acquired distribution rights to the film. The film was released in a limited release on August 7, 2015.


title: The Diary of a Teenage Girl

text: In the UK, the film was the subject of some controversy because of the decision of the BBFC to give it an "18" rating.


title: The Diary of a Teenage Girl

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 95% based on 164 reviews, with an average rating of 7.93/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "Boldly unconventional and refreshingly honest, "Diary of a Teenage Girl" is a frank coming-of-age story that addresses its themes—and its protagonist—without judgment." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 87 out of 100, based on 35 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".


title: The Diary of a Teenage Girl

text: "Indiewire" described the film as "genuine, poignant and hilarious." "The Guardian" gave it five out of five stars and called it "morally complex and sometimes uncomfortably close to the bone, but also lushly bawdy and funny, and packaged together with an astonishing degree of cinematic brio." "Vox"'s Emily St. James praised the movie for being “quietly radical”, describing it as “a story of huge emotions and big moments, told via intimate gestures and tiny power shifts”.


title: The Diary of a Teenage Girl

text: At the 2015 Berlin International Film Festival, the film won the Grand Prix of Generation 14plus section for best feature-length film.


title: The Diary of a Teenage Girl

text: At the 2015 Independent Spirit Awards, the film won Best First Feature and was nominated for Best First Screenplay and Bel Powley for Best Female Lead.


title: Larissa

text: Larissa (; , , ) is the capital and largest city of the Thessaly region in Greece. It is the fifth-most populous city in Greece with a population of 144,651 according to the 2011 census. It is also capital of the Larissa regional unit. It is a principal agricultural centre and a national transport hub, linked by road and rail with the port of Volos, the cities of Thessaloniki and Athens. The municipality of Larissa has 162,591 inhabitants, while the regional unit of Larissa reached a population of 284,325 ().


title: Larissa

text: Legend has it that Achilles was born here. Hippocrates, the "Father of Medicine", died here. Today, Larissa is an important commercial, transportation, educational, agricultural and industrial centre of Greece.


title: Larissa

text: There are a number of highways including E75 and the main railway from Athens to Thessaloniki (Salonika) crossing through Thessaly. The region is directly linked to the rest of Europe through the International Airport of Central Greece located in Nea Anchialos a short distance from Larissa (about ). Larissa lies on the river Pineios.


title: Larissa

text: The municipality of Larissa has an area of , the municipal unit Larissa has an area of , and the community Larissa has an area of .


title: Larissa

text: The Larissa Chasma, a deep gash in the surface of Dione, a natural satellite of Saturn, was named after Larissa.


title: Larissa

text: The climate of Larissa is cool semi-arid (Köppen: "BSk") but it is close to a hot summer Mediterranean climate ("Csa"). The winter is fairly mild, and some snowstorms may occur. The summer is particularly hot, and temperatures of may occur. Thunderstorms or heavy rain may cause agricultural damage. Larissa receives of rain per year.


title: Larissa

text: According to Greek mythology it is said that the city was founded by Acrisius, who was killed accidentally by his grandson, Perseus. There lived Peleus, the hero beloved by the gods, and his son Achilles.


title: Larissa

text: The city of Larissa is mentioned in Book II of "Iliad" by Homer: "Hippothous led the tribes of Pelasgian spearsmen, who dwelt in fertile Larissa- Hippothous, and Pylaeus of the race of Mars, two sons of the Pelasgian Lethus, son of Teutamus." The Internet Classics Archive | The Iliad by Homer In this paragraph, Homer shows that the Pelasgians, Trojan allies, used to live in the city of Larissa. It is likely that this city of Larissa was different to the city that was the birthplace of Achilles. The Larissa that features as a Trojan ally in the "Iliad" was likely to be located in the Troad, on the other side of the Aegean Sea.


title: Larissa

text: Traces of Paleolithic human settlement have been recovered from the area, but it was peripheral to areas of advanced culture. The area around Larissa was extremely fruitful; it was agriculturally important and in antiquity was known for its horses.


title: Larissa

text: The name Larissa (Λάρισα "Lárīsa") is in origin a Pelasgian word for "fortress". There were many ancient Greek cities with this name.


title: Larissa

text: The name of Thessalian Larissa is first recorded in connection with the aristocratic Aleuadai family. It was also a polis (city-state).


title: Larissa

text: Larissa was a polis (city-state) during the Classical Era. Larissa is thought to be where the famous Greek physician Hippocrates and the famous philosopher Gorgias of Leontini died.


title: Larissa

text: When Larissa ceased minting the federal coins it shared with other Thessalian towns and adopted its own coinage in the late fifth century BC, it chose local types for its coins. The obverse depicted the nymph of the local spring, Larissa, for whom the town was named; probably the choice was inspired by the famous coins of Kimon depicting the Syracusan nymph Arethusa. The reverse depicted a horse in various poses. The horse was an appropriate symbol of Thessaly, a land of plains, which was well known for its horses. Usually there is a male figure; he should perhaps be seen as the eponymous hero of the Thessalians, Thessalos, who is probably also to be identified on many of the earlier, federal coins of Thessaly.


title: Larissa

text: Larissa, sometimes written Larisa on ancient coins and inscriptions, is near the site of the Homeric Argissa. It appears in early times, when Thessaly was mainly governed by a few aristocratic families, as an important city under the rule of the Aleuadae, whose authority extended over the whole district of Pelasgiotis. This powerful family possessed for many generations before 369 BC the privilege of furnishing the "tagus", the local term for the "strategos" of the combined Thessalian forces. The principal rivals of the Aleuadae were the Scopadae of Crannon, the remains of which are about 14 miles south west.


title: Larissa

text: Larissa was the birthplace of Meno, who thus became, along with Xenophon and a few others, one of the generals leading several thousands Greeks from various places, in the ill-fated expedition of 401 (retold in Xenophon's "Anabasis") meant to help Cyrus the Younger, son of Darius II, king of Persia, overthrow his elder brother Artaxerxes II and take over the throne of Persia (Meno is featured in Plato's dialogue bearing his name, in which Socrates uses the example of ""the way to Larissa"" to help explain Meno the difference between true opinion and science (Meno, 97a–c); this "way to Larissa" might well be on the part of Socrates an attempt to call to Meno's mind a "way home", understood as the way toward one's true and "eternal" home reached only at death, that each man is supposed to seek in his life).


title: Larissa

text: The constitution of the town was democratic, which explains why it sided with Athens in the Peloponnesian War. In the neighbourhood of Larissa was celebrated a festival which recalled the Roman Saturnalia, and at which the slaves were waited on by their masters. As the chief city of ancient Thessaly, Larissa was taken by the Thebans and later directly annexed by Philip II of Macedon in 344. It remained under Macedonian control afterwards, except for a brief period when Demetrius Poliorcetes captured it in 302 BC.


title: Larissa

text: It was in Larissa that Philip V of Macedon signed in 197 BC a treaty with the Romans after his defeat at the Battle of Cynoscephalae, and it was there also that Antiochus III the Great, won a great victory in 192 BC. In 196 BC Larissa became an ally of Rome and was the headquarters of the Thessalian League.


title: Larissa

text: Larissa is frequently mentioned in connection with the Roman civil wars which preceded the establishment of the Roman Empire and Pompey sought refuge there after the defeat of Pharsalus.


title: Larissa

text: Larissa was sacked by the Ostrogoths in the late 5th century, and rebuilt under the Byzantine emperor Justinian I.


title: Larissa

text: In the eighth century, the city became the metropolis of the theme of Hellas. The city was captured in 986 by Tsar Samuel of Bulgaria, who carried off the relics of its patron saint, Saint Achilleios, to Prespa. It was again unsuccessfully besieged by the Italo-Normans under Bohemond I in 1082/3.


title: Larissa

text: After the Fourth Crusade, the King of Thessalonica, Boniface of Montferrat, gave the city to Lombard barons, but they launched a rebellion in 1209 that had to be subdued by the Latin Emperor Henry of Flanders himself. The city was recovered by Epirus soon after.


title: Larissa

text: It was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1386/87 and again in the 1390s, but only came under permanent Ottoman control in 1423, by Turahan Bey. Under Ottoman rule, the city was known as "Yeni-şehir i-Fenari", "new citadel". As the chief town and military base of Ottoman Thessaly, Larissa was a predominantly Muslim city. During Ottoman rule the administration of the Metropolis of Larissa was transferred to nearby Trikala where it remained until 1734, when Metropolitan Iakovos II returned the see from Trikala to Larissa and established the present-day metropolis of Larissa and Tyrnavos.


title: Larissa

text: The town was noted for its trade fair in the 17th and 18th centuries, while the seat of the pasha of Thessaly was also transferred there in 1770. Larissa was the headquarters of Hursid Pasha during the Greek War of Independence. It was also renowned for its mosques (four of which were still in use in the late 19th century) and its muslim cemeteries.


title: Larissa

text: The city remained in Ottoman hands until Thessaly became part of the independent Kingdom of Greece in 1881, except for a period where Ottoman forces re-occupied it during the Greco-Turkish War of 1897. In the late 19th century, there was still a small village in the outskirts of the town inhabited by Africans from Sudan, a curious remnant of the forces collected by Ali Pasha.


title: Larissa

text: In the 19th century, the town produced leather, cotton, silk and tobacco. Fevers and agues were prevalent owing to bad drainage and the overflowing of the river; and the death rate was higher than the birth rate.


title: Larissa

text: In 1881, the city, along with the rest of Thessaly, was incorporated into the Kingdom of Greece during the prime ministry of Alexandros Koumoundouros. On 31 August 1881 a unit of the Greek Army headed by General Skarlatos Soutsos entered the city. A considerable portion of the Turkish population emigrated into the Ottoman Empire at that point. In this new era the city starts gradually to expand and to be rebuilt by the Greek authorities.


title: Larissa

text: During the Greco-Turkish War of 1897, the city was the headquarters of Greek Crown Prince Constantine. The flight of the Greek army from here to Farsala took place on April 23, 1897. Turkish troops entered the city two days later. After a treaty for peace was signed, they withdrew and Larissa remained permanently in Greece. This was followed by a further exodus of Turks in 1898. The Hassan Bey mosque (which was built in the early 16th century) was demolished in 1908.


title: Larissa

text: During the Axis Occupation of the country, the Jewish community of the city (dated back to second BC, see Romaniotes) suffered heavy losses. Today in the city there is a Holocaust memorial and a synagogue.


title: Larissa

text: After WWII the city was expanded rapidly. Today Larissa is the fourth largest Greek city with many squares, taverns and cafes. It has three public hospitals with one being a military hospital. It hosts the Hellenic Air Force Headquarters and NATO Headquarters in Greece. It has a School of Medicine and a School of Biochemistry – Biotechnology and the third largest in the country Institute of Technology. It occupies the first place among Greek cities into green coverage rate per square-metre urban space and the first place with the highest percentance of bars-taverns-restaurants per capita in Greece. It also has two public libraries and five museums.


title: Larissa

text: Christianity penetrated early to Larissa, though its first bishop is recorded only in 325 at the Council of Nicaea. St. Achillius of the fourth century, is celebrated for his miracles. Le Quien cites twenty-nine bishops from the fourth to the 18th centuries; the most famous is Jeremias II, who occupied the see until 733, when the Emperor Leo III the Isaurian transferred it from the jurisdiction of the Pope of Rome to the Patriarchate of Constantinople. In the first years of the tenth century it had ten suffragan sees; subsequently the number increased and about the year 1175 under the Emperor Manuel I Comnenus, it reached twenty-eight. At the close of the 15th century, under the Ottoman domination, there were only ten suffragan sees, which gradually grew less and finally disappeared.


title: Larissa

text: It was also briefly a Latin archbishopric in the early 13th century, and remains a Latin Metropolitan (top-ranking) titular see of the Roman Catholic Church, which must not be confused with the Latin episcopal (low-ranking) titular see Larissa in Syria. Today there is a Catholic church in the city (Sacred Heart of Jesus).


title: Larissa

text: The municipality Larissa was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 3 former municipalities, that became municipal units:


title: Larissa

text: The municipal unit of Larissa is divided into four city-districts or municipal communities (29 city areas) plus 2 suburban communities (Amphithea and Koulourion). The municipality includes also the Community of Terpsithèa (with the suburban community of Argyssa).


title: Larissa

text: From 1 January 2011, in accordance with the Kallikratis Plan (new administrative division of Greece), the new municipality of Larissa includes also the former municipalities of Giannouli and Koilada.


title: Larissa

text: The province of Larissa () was one of the provinces of the Larissa Prefecture. Its territory corresponded with that of the current municipalities Larissa (except the municipal unit Giannouli) and Tempi (except the municipal units Gonnoi and Kato Olympos). It was abolished in 2006.


title: Larissa

text: In manufacturing sector, Larissa is among others home to Biokarpet carpet company (whose owners were also major shareholders of AEL FC in the past) and Orient Bikes.


title: Larissa

text: It comes also in first place with the highest percentage of bars-taverns-restaurants per capita in Greece. Mikel Coffee Company and Bruno Coffee Stores chains started and have also their base in the city.


title: Larissa

text: Some historical buildings that have been listed as architecturally preserved, include the Cine Palace (architect Colonello), the Charokopos tower (arch. Anastasios Metaxas, endangered to collapse as 2019), the old Mills of Pappas, such as the complex of the Averofeios Agricultural School.


title: Larissa

text: Among the notable festivals that the city hosts, is the "Pineiou Festival" (music) and "AgroThessaly", a major agricultural fair.


title: Larissa

text: Larissa sits in the middle of the plain of Thessaly, with connections to Motorway A1 and national roads EO3 and EO6.


title: Larissa

text: The city is in close proximity of many interesting destinations in the region (Mount Olympus, Mount Kissavos, Meteora, Lake Plastira, Pilio, etc.) suitable for daily trips.


title: Larissa

text: The local football club AEL FC currently participates in Superleague Greece. The team won the Greek Championship, in 1988, and won the Greek Cup in 1985 and 2007. These titles place AEL among the five most important football clubs in Greece.


title: Larissa

text: Two other professional football clubs with long histories also represent the city: Apollon and Iraklis.


title: Larissa

text: AEL has hosted its home games at the AEL FC Arena, a UEFA 3-star-rated football ground, since November 2010. Other important sport venues are the "National Sport Center of Larissa" (EAK Larissas), which includes the Alcazar Stadium and the Neapoli Indoor Hall.


title: Larissa

text: The National Sports Center of Larissa can accommodate a number of sports and events (football, basketball, wrestling, swimming, boxing, martial arts, handball, water polo, etc.), while the Sports Hall has hosted important athletic events (the 1995 FIBA Under-19 World Cup, the 1997 Women's EuroLeague Final Four, the 2003 Greek Basketball Cup Final Four, martial arts events, etc.), and it is also used for cultural events, such as dance festivals.


title: Mukesh Tiwari

text: Mukesh Tiwari (born 24 August 1969) is an Indian actor, who has worked predominantly in Bollywood. and few Tamil films. He is known for playing negative and comic side roles. He entered the film industry in the year 1998 with the movie "China Gate". He is known for his work in "The Legend of Bhagat Singh", "Gangaajal" and "Golmaal".


title: Mukesh Tiwari

text: Tiwari studied at the National School of Drama and was termed as the best actor present in the university at the time by numerous professors.


title: East Asian age reckoning

text: Countries in the East Asian cultural sphere (China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, and their diasporas) have traditionally used specific methods of reckoning a person's numerical age based not on their birthday but on the calendar year and with one's age considered one at birth. These methods currently see only limited use in certain contexts and areas, mainly in South Korea and Taiwan. A person's age will always be one or two years greater than his or her age in the international norm. In the context of South Korea, this reckoning is often referred to as Korean age, but in 2022, the government of South Korea announced plans to switch from this Korean age system to the system used by most other countries in the world.


title: East Asian age reckoning

text: In traditional China, where the system originated millennia ago, people were considered to be "one "year old"" at birth (one "sui" 嵗/岁), and on New Year's Day of the lunar calendar, another year was added to their age. In other words, age was counted with ordinal numbers, not cardinal numbers; also, age was counted from the lunar new year, not from the date of birth. The Korean system uses the Gregorian calendar.


title: East Asian age reckoning

text: South Koreans also use a third system sometimes called year age, especially for administrative purposes, determined by the difference of the birth year and the current year. To put it simply, the equation is given by marking a person to be zero years old at birth, or:


title: East Asian age reckoning

text: Eastern Mongolia has a different system for measuring a person's age, which is based on the number of lunar cycles that have passed (since birth for boys; girls are measured from conception).


title: East Asian age reckoning

text: Currently in China and in Chinese societies around the world, the term "sui" when used all by itself can be ambiguous. In most contexts, such as the age on legal documents, it is equivalent to the English "years old." Thus, in China, where the legal age of alcohol consumption is 18 "sui", one is not legally permitted to drink alcohol until after their 18th birthday. However, in some contexts, such as in determining age for fortune-telling purposes, or in reading pre-modern texts, one must distinguish between the traditional way of calculating age and the modern way adopted from the West.


title: East Asian age reckoning

text: In pre-modern times, "sui" was calculated from the time of birth. A person was one "sui" as soon as they were born. At the Lunar new year, they turned two "sui", and every subsequent new year after that, they were one more "sui". Thus, by traditional reckoning, "sui" does not exactly mean "years old". To differentiate today, the term "xu" 虛/虚 or "mao" 毛 (both meaning "nominal") is added to the word "sui".


title: East Asian age reckoning

text: In many Chinese societies around the world, a child's horoscope is calculated at birth and is considered relevant throughout their life. The horoscope is calculated using the traditional "sui" ("xu sui"). This becomes important, for example in calculating a person's "fan tai sui" 反太歲/反太岁, which occurs after every twelve-year zodiac cycle. Thus, for a child born in June of the year 2000, a year of the dragon, the first "fan tai sui" year would occur in the next dragon year, which would begin on Lunar new year in the year 2012, when the child turns 13 "sui". By modern reckoning, the child would be 11 years old at the beginning of the year and turn 12 years old in June. Therefore, the modern way of reckoning age does not correspond to the horoscope. Using the traditional reckoning, the child in the example is 13 "sui" for the entirety of the "fan tai sui" year.


title: East Asian age reckoning

text: If one needs to distinguish the Western adopted terminology that is in general use now, "xu sui" is contrasted with "shi sui" 實歲/实岁 (or "zhou sui" 周嵗/周岁), but outside of astrological uses, the need for such a contrast today is rare. One must be careful, however, when calculating ages in pre-modern times. A figure listed as 69 "sui" during the Song dynasty, for example, would not be 69 years old and would instead be either 67 or 68. The exact age, by modern reckoning, would be impossible to know just from the "sui" alone, without knowing the actual year of birth by the Gregorian calendar.


title: East Asian age reckoning

text: When a child has survived one month of life (29 days, if using Lunar month reckoning), a "mun yuet" () celebration can be observed, in which duck or chicken eggs dyed red are distributed to guests to signify fertility.


title: East Asian age reckoning

text: East Asian age reckoning, both linguistically and in practice, follows the example of China "(see )" as the vast majority of Taiwanese people are ethnically Chinese. Unlike the Chinese however, the Taiwanese more widely use the East Asian age reckoning in a variety of social contexts and the term "sui" () less ambiguously refers to ones age according to this system. While birthdays are increasingly celebrated according to the Gregorian calendar, the traditional age reckoning is retained (e.g. Su Beng's centennial was celebrated to honor his November 5th, 1918 birth in the Gregorian calendar in 2017, not 2018). Furthermore, Taiwanese, like South Koreans, do not add year to their age on their birthdays but on New Year's Day (in the case of Taiwan, on the Lunisolar Chinese calendar New Year and not the Gregorian one as in Korea).


title: East Asian age reckoning

text: Koreans who use the traditional system refer to their age in units called "sal" (살), using Korean numerals in ordinal form. Thus, a person is one "sal" ("han sal" []) during the first calendar year of life, and ten "sal" during the tenth calendar year. "Sal" is used for native Korean numerals, while "se" (세; 歲) is used for Sino-Korean. For example, "seumul-daseot sal" () and "i-sib-o se" () both mean 'twenty-five-year-old'. If the international system is used ("man-nai" []), then the age would be "man seumul-daseot sal" (). South Koreans speaking of age in the colloquial context will almost without question be referring to the traditional system, unless the "man" qualifier is used.


title: East Asian age reckoning

text: The 100th day after a baby was born is called "" (, ) which literally means "a hundred days" in Korean, and is given a special celebration, marking the survival of what was once a period of high infant mortality. The first anniversary of birth named "dol" () is likewise celebrated, and given even greater significance. South Koreans celebrate their birthdays, even though every South Korean gains one "sal" on New Year's Day. Because the first year comes at birth and the second on the first day of the New Year, children born, for example, on December 31st are considered to become two-year-olds the very next day, New Year's Day (of the Gregorian, not the Korean calendar).


title: East Asian age reckoning

text: Hence, everyone born on the same calendar year effectively has the same age and can easily be calculated by the formula: Age = (Current Year − Birth Year) + 1


title: East Asian age reckoning

text: In modern South Korea the traditional system is used alongside the international age system which is referred to as "man-nai" () in which ""man"" () means "full" or "actual", and "nai" () meaning "age". For example, ' means "full ten years", or "ten years old" in English. The Korean word ' means "years elapsed", identical to the English "years old", but is only used to refer to the first few birthdays. ' or simply ' refers to the first Gregorian-equivalent birthday, " refers to the second, and so on.


title: East Asian age reckoning

text: The traditional system has not been used in modern North Korea since the 1980s. South Korea is now one of only two countries (the other being Taiwan) that widely uses the East Asian age, which is consequently sometimes referred as "Korean age".


title: East Asian age reckoning

text: A Korean birthday celebration by the Lunar calendar is called ' () and ' () is the birthday by the Gregorian calendar. In the past, most people used the Lunar calendar (') to tell their birthdays rather than the Gregorian calendar ('), but nowadays Koreans, especially young generations, tend to use " for telling their birth dates.


title: East Asian age reckoning

text: For official government uses, documents, and legal procedures, the international system is used. Regulations regarding age limits on beginning school, as well as the age of consent, are all based on this system ("man-nai"). The age qualifier for tobacco and alcohol use is actually similar to, but distinct from the East Asian reckoning system. A person is allowed tobacco and alcohol if it is after January 1 of the year one turns 19 (post-birth age). This is the "year age", which is basically (Korean age – 1), or when a person's Korean age is 20.


title: East Asian age reckoning

text: Calls to remove the system intensified in early 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, as inconsistent use of the two age systems created conflicts in the eligibility criteria for COVID-19 vaccines and a vaccine passport rule; some residents were being deemed ineligible for vaccination, but at the same time subject to a proof of vaccination requirement for certain establishments. In April 2022, the transition committee of president-elect Yoon Suk-yeol stated that the government planned to amend the Civil Code and other relevant legislation to switch to the standard international age system. On 8 December 2022, the National Assembly passed a bill that would prohibit the usage of traditional ages on official documents effective June 2023.


title: East Asian age reckoning

text: The traditional Japanese system of age reckoning, or ' (, lit. "counted years"), which incremented one's age on New Year's Day, was rendered obsolete by law in 1902 when Japan officially adopted the modern age system, known in Japanese as "" (). However, the traditional system was still commonly used, so in 1950 another law was established to encourage people to use the modern age system.


title: East Asian age reckoning

text: Today the traditional system is used only by the elderly and in rural areas. Elsewhere its use is limited to traditional ceremonies, divinations, and obituaries.


title: East Asian age reckoning

text: Japanese uses the word "sai" ( or ) as a counter word for both the traditional and modern age system.


title: East Asian age reckoning

text: Because of the idea of "yakudoshi" or unlucky years, "kanreki" is a special occurrence for celebrating 60 years of life, meaning one has returned to the same combination of zodiacal symbols that governed the year of one's birth.


title: East Asian age reckoning

text: Having been influenced by Chinese culture, the ancient Vietnamese also used this system and, despite not being the official age on papers and in daily usages at the present, the East Asian age is still in limited use by adults, especially old people in rural areas. However, this age system is not really familiar to the younger generation. In Vietnam, it is called ('her age'), (literally 'our age', contrasting with Western age ) or ('lunar-calendar age').


title: Investigation Discovery

text: Investigation Discovery (stylized and branded on-air as ID since 2008) is an American multinational pay television network dedicated to true crime documentaries owned by Warner Bros. Discovery. As of February 2015, approximately 86 million American households (74% of households with television) receive Investigation Discovery.


title: Investigation Discovery

text: The channel launched in 1996 under the name Discovery Civilization Network: The World History and Geography Channel. It was one of four digital cable companion networks rolled out by Discovery Communications simultaneously in October 1996. Plans for the channel had surfaced in November 1994, when its working name was "Time Traveler".


title: Investigation Discovery

text: In April 2002, "New York Times" Television and Discovery Communications announced a joint venture to run the Discovery Civilization Channel. By then, it was available in 14 million households. The partnership aimed to complement the historical shows, with programming about current events and contemporary history.


title: Investigation Discovery

text: On March 25, 2003, the channel was rebranded as Discovery Times, focusing more on the culture of the United States, as well as other miscellaneous programming. The previous name was described as "a little off-message" by executives.


title: Investigation Discovery

text: In April 2006, "The New York Times" sold its stake in Discovery Times back to Discovery Communications, ending its ownership in the channel. Despite this, "Times" was kept in the channel's name until January 27, 2008, when Discovery Times was relaunched as Investigation Discovery (ID), oriented towards true crime programs.


title: Investigation Discovery

text: In 2016, owing to a resurgence in popularity within the true crime genre, ID was the second-highest-rated cable network among women 25–54. In 2018, ID was the sixth-highest-rated basic cable network in full-day viewership.


title: Investigation Discovery

text: On April 12, 2020, Investigation Discovery introduced a new logo, placing a greater focus on the "ID" acronym to make it better-suited for multi-platform use.


title: Investigation Discovery

text: In December 2022, the team responsible for ID also took over responsibility for HLN (formerly CNN Headline News), which became a sibling channel following the merger that formed Warner Bros. Discovery earlier that year. That channel had gradually shifted to a similar true crime-focused format since the mid-2010s, dropping its last original news programs at the same time as the management change, and had already begun airing repeats of ID programming such as "Hometown Homicide" shortly after the WBD merger.


title: Investigation Discovery

text: Most of ID's programs are original productions, but it also airs re-titled off-network reruns, including ABC's "20/20", CBS' "48 Hours", and NBC’s "Dateline".


title: Investigation Discovery

text: ID's longest-running series is "On the Case with Paula Zahn" which debuted in 2009. Other long-running shows on the network include "Disappeared" and "".


title: Investigation Discovery

text: On June 7, 2015, ID aired its first ever scripted mini-series; "Serial Thriller: Angel of Decay" chronicled the investigation of convicted (and later executed) serial killer Ted Bundy. A second installment, "Serial Thriller: The Chameleon", premiered as a two-part miniseries in December 2015, chronicling the crimes that resulted in the execution of American serial killer Stephen Morin. A third installment, "Serial Thriller: The Headhunter", about serial killer Edmund Kemper (which possibly includes the story of serial killer Herbert Mullin), premiered on February 20, 2016.


title: Yashika Aannand

text: Yashika Aanand (born 4 August 1999) is an Indian actress, model and television personality, who works predominantly in Tamil films and television shows.


title: Yashika Aannand

text: Yashika Aannand was born into a Punjabi Hindu family on 4 August 1999 in New Delhi. After her family moved to Chennai, she completed her schooling in Sherwood Hall school in Chetpet, Chennai.


title: Yashika Aannand

text: Aannand began acting after being an Instagram model. At 14, she was filmed for "Inimey Ippadithan" (2015) alongside Santhanam but her role was later deleted after she could not attend a song shoot. She then portrayed a swimming instructor in "Kavalai Vendam" (2016), which became her first theatrical release.


title: Yashika Aannand

text: Aannand's breakthrough was in the 2016 film, "Dhuruvangal Pathinaaru". Shot on a small budget, the film was successful and won recognition for its cast members. She then appeared in "Paadam" (2018) and Thambi Ramaiah's "Maniyaar Kudumbam" (2018).


title: Yashika Aannand

text: Aannand then appeared in "Iruttu Araiyil Murattu Kuththu" (2018), an adult comedy film. Shot in Thailand, the film featured her alongside other actresses such as Vaibhavi Shandilya and Chandrika Ravi and the film performed well at the box office.


title: Yashika Aannand

text: In 2018, Aannand appeared in the second season of the "Bigg Boss Tamil" reality show hosted by Kamal Haasan. She had earlier been approached to be in the inaugural season, but she refused the offer. She was evicted on day 98, finishing the show in fifth place. She also received the cash prize of 5 lakhs for winning certain tasks during the second season of the premiere program before getting evicted. She later appeared as a mentor in Star Vijay's "Jodi Unlimited" TV series, which aired in 2019.


title: Yashika Aannand

text: In 2021, she received the Best Actress Award at the "Las Vegas Independent Film Festival 2021" for the film "Bestie."


title: Yashika Aannand

text: In 2018, Aannand identified herself as a victim during the MeToo campaign in India, where she alleged that a director had tried to abuse her by asking for sexual favors in order to gain a part in his film. She refused, and accused the director of harassing her.


title: Yashika Aannand

text: On 24 July 2021, Aannand was involved in a car crash in Mahabalipuram near Chennai and was critically injured during the crash. She was traveling with friends when their car rammed into a divider and fell in the nearby pit. News reports state that one of her friends died on the spot. Onlookers reportedly said that the actor's SUV was speeding and lost control, thus causing the crash.


title: Katrina Holden Bronson

text: Katrina Holden Bronson is an American film director, screenwriter and actress. She is the adopted daughter of actors Charles Bronson and Jill Ireland.


title: Intamin

text: Intamin Amusement Rides is a design and manufacturing company in Schaan, Liechtenstein. It is best known for creating thrill rides and roller coasters worldwide. The Intamin brand name is a syllabic abbreviation for "international amusement installations". The company has offices throughout the world, including three in Europe, three in Asia, and two in the United States.


title: Intamin

text: Intamin supplies numerous styles of roller coasters, vertical rides, water rides, immersive rides, swing rides, and observation attractions to amusement parks. The company has installed scores of roller coasters in several countries. Intamin designed and built the first river rapids ride, known as Thunder River, and marketed the first freefall ride (developed by Giovanola) and drop tower.


title: Intamin

text: Intamin created the first hydraulic launch system (known as the Accelerator Coaster), which catapults roller coaster trains from standstill to speeds upwards of in a few seconds before climbing to immense heights. Kingda Ka at Six Flags Great Adventure, for instance, is North America's tallest and fastest coaster, launching riders from 0– in 3.5 seconds.


title: Intamin

text: Intamin is also known for its massive Mega and Giga Coasters, Intamin's terms for a hypercoaster. Intamin Giga and Mega Coasters currently occupy three of the top five Golden Ticket Awards with perennial favorites Millennium Force, Superman the Ride and Expedition GeForce.


title: Intamin

text: Intamin uses computerized and industrialized engineering and manufacturing methods for its wooden coasters, rather than traditional on-site fabrication. Coasters such as Colossos at Heide Park, Balder at Liseberg and El Toro at Six Flags Great Adventure utilized this manufacturing technique. Unlike other traditional wood coasters, these rides use prefabricated track sections made of a high-strength wooden laminate that can be secured on-site when the superstructure is completed. This design enables the coaster to reach speeds and navigate course elements smoothly, like a steel roller coaster, while retaining the look and some of the traditional feel of common wooden coasters.


title: Intamin

text: Another development by Intamin is the ZacSpin, a type of 4th Dimension roller coaster first seen in 2007. Kirnu at Linnanmäki in Finland was the first ZacSpin in the world and opened on April 27, 2007. It has individual cars, each with 8 seats, arranged in two pods coming off the sides of the car, each with 2 seats facing forward and two facing backward. This car is either lifted to the highest point by a conventional chain lift, or propelled around the course at a constant speed by a Linear Motor system.


title: Intamin

text: The company is known for being the original home to Bolliger & Mabillard (B&M). The two engineers worked for Giovanola who in turn were frequently contracted by Intamin for their early stand-up roller coasters (Giovanola eventually started producing roller coasters independently). B&M broke away from Giovanola to form their own company which now supplies roller coasters as well. Similarities between the two companies are often obvious, such as the style of track used by B&M, which was used in a number of early Giovanola installations which were contracted by Intamin.


title: Intamin

text: Intamin brokered a number of rides that were manufactured by Waagner-Biro. These included a series of rides for Marriott Corporation, each comprising a vertical column supporting multiple horizontal arms, with each arm supporting a Ferris wheel. The first was Giant Wheel which operated at Hersheypark in Hershey, Pennsylvania from 1973 until 2004. Similar Intamin supplied Waagner-Biro wheels included Zodiac (Kings Island, Mason, Ohio) and Scorpion (Parque de la Ciudad, Buenos Aires, Argentina). All are now defunct.


title: Intamin

text: Sky Whirl, the world's first triple Ferris wheel, which debuted at both Marriott's Great America parks (now Six Flags Great America, Gurnee, Illinois, and California's Great America, Santa Clara) in 1976, was also manufactured by Waagner-Biro and brokered by Intamin. Also known as a triple Ferris wheel, Triple Giant Wheel, or Triple Tree Wheel, it was in height. The Santa Clara ride, renamed Triple Wheel in post-Marriott years, closed on 1 September 1997. The Gurnee ride closed in 2000.


title: Intamin

text: Outside the amusement realm, Intamin supplies monorail transportation systems which are used in both public transport networks and at tourist attractions across the world. Intamin was responsible for the design and building of the Moscow Monorail (), which is long and is located in the North-Eastern Administrative Okrug of Moscow, Russia, running from the Timiryazevskaya metro station to Sergeya Eisensteina street. Planning of the monorail started in 1998. It has six stations.


title: Intamin

text: In 2016 two monorails using Intamin equipment were opened, the Ashgabat Monorail in Turkmenistan and a monorail in the Cross River State, Nigeria which connects the Calabar International Convention Centre to the Tinapa Resort.


title: Intamin

text: In 2020 the Marconi Express Monorail opened successfully as a shuttle between the Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport and the Bologna Centrale railway station.


title: Intamin

text: Intamin has also constructed monorails at amusement parks Xi'an and Ningbo in China and the Asia Park Monorail in Da Nang in Vietnam.


title: Candy Dulfer

text: Candy Dulfer (born 19 September 1969) is a Dutch jazz and pop saxophonist. She is the daughter of jazz saxophonist Hans Dulfer. She began playing at age six and founded her band Funky Stuff when she was fourteen. Her debut album "Saxuality" (1990) received a Grammy nomination. She has performed and recorded with Hans Dulfer, Prince, Dave Stewart, Van Morrison, Angie Stone, Maceo Parker and Rick Braun and has performed live with Alan Parsons (1995), Pink Floyd (1990), and Tower of Power (2014). She hosted the Dutch television series "Candy Meets..." (2007), in which she interviewed musicians. In 2013, she became a judge in the 5th season of the Dutch version of "X Factor".


title: Candy Dulfer

text: Dulfer was born on 19 September 1969 in Amsterdam, Netherlands. She began playing the drums at the age of five. As a six-year-old, she started to play the soprano saxophone. At age seven, she switched to alto saxophone and later began playing in a local concert band Jeugd Doet Leven (English translation: "Youth Brings Life") in Zuiderwoude.


title: Candy Dulfer

text: Dulfer played her first solo on stage with her father's band De Perikels ("The Perils"). At age eleven, she made her first recordings for the album "I Didn't Ask" (1981) of De Perikels. In 1982, when she was twelve years old, she played as a member of Rosa King's Ladies Horn section at the North Sea Jazz Festival. According to Dulfer, King encouraged her to become a band leader. In 1984, at age fourteen, she started the band Funky Stuff.


title: Candy Dulfer

text: Dulfer's band performed throughout the Netherlands and in 1987 was the opening act for two of Madonna's European concerts.


title: Candy Dulfer

text: In 1988, Prince invited Dulfer on stage to play an improvised solo during one of his European shows. In 1989 Dulfer appeared in Prince's "Partyman" video.


title: Candy Dulfer

text: Dulfer performed session work with Eurythmics guitarist and producer Dave Stewart, duetting with him on the worldwide hit single "Lily Was Here" and contributing to the soundtrack of the same name. She was a guest musician for Pink Floyd during the band's performance at Knebworth in 1990, from which several tracks were released on a multi-artist live album and video, "Live at Knebworth '90". The Knebworth show has since been released as part of the Pink Floyd box set "The Later Years 1987–2019" on CD, DVD, and BD.


title: Candy Dulfer

text: Dulfer was also the featured saxophonist on Van Morrison's "A Night in San Francisco", an album in 1993, and performed with Alan Parsons and his band at the World Liberty Concert in 1995.


title: Candy Dulfer

text: Dulfer collaborated with her father Hans Dulfer on the duet album "Dulfer Dulfer" in 2001. She joined Prince's band in 2004 for his Musicology Live 2004ever tour.


title: Candy Dulfer

text: In 2007, she released her ninth studio album "Candy Store". The album reached a No. 2 position in Billboard's Top Contemporary Jazz charts. Her songs "Candy Store" and "L.A. Citylights" reached the No. 1 position in Smooth Jazz National Airplay charts in the United States.


title: Candy Dulfer

text: Dulfer is mostly a self-taught musician except for some training in a concert band and a few months of music lessons.


title: Candy Dulfer

text: Until 2010 Dulfer played a Selmer Mk VI alto - which is visible in the majority of early photographs. In 2010 she became an endorsee of the Dutch Free Wind saxophone, created by Friso Heidinga, who started building saxophones in Amsterdam in 2009.


title: Candy Dulfer

text: In 2007, Dulfer became the presenter and interviewer in "Candy Meets...", her television program for the Dutch public broadcaster NPS. In the series, she met with Sheila E., Maceo Parker, Hans Dulfer, Van Morrison, Dave Stewart, and Mavis Staples.


title: Candy Dulfer

text: On 26 August 2022, Dulfer announced her new album "We Never Stop", which released on October 28th. The release is the first as a part of her new record deal with Mascot Label Group. The album was preceded by the single "Jammin' Tonight," featuring Nile Rodgers.


title: Triethylamine

text: Triethylamine is the chemical compound with the formula N(CHCH), commonly abbreviated EtN. It is also abbreviated TEA, yet this abbreviation must be used carefully to avoid confusion with triethanolamine or tetraethylammonium, for which TEA is also a common abbreviation. It is a colourless volatile liquid with a strong fishy odor reminiscent of ammonia. Like diisopropylethylamine (Hünig's base), triethylamine is commonly employed in organic synthesis, usually as a base.


title: Triethylamine

text: The pK of protonated triethylamine is 10.75, and it can be used to prepare buffer solutions at that pH. The hydrochloride salt, triethylamine hydrochloride (triethylammonium chloride), is a colorless, odorless, and hygroscopic powder, which decomposes when heated to 261 °C.


title: Triethylamine

text: Triethylamine is soluble in water to the extent of 112.4 g/L at 20 °C. It is also miscible in common organic solvents, such as acetone, ethanol, and diethyl ether.


title: Triethylamine

text: In alkane solvents triethylamine is a Lewis base that forms adducts with a variety of Lewis acids, such as I and phenols. Owing to its steric bulk, it forms complexes with transition metals reluctantly.


title: Triethylamine

text: Triethylamine is commonly employed in organic synthesis as a base. For example, it is commonly used as a base during the preparation of esters and amides from acyl chlorides. Such reactions lead to the production of hydrogen chloride which combines with triethylamine to form the salt triethylamine hydrochloride, commonly called triethylammonium chloride. Hydrogen chloride may then evaporate from the reaction mixture, which drives the reaction. (R, R' = alkyl, aryl):


title: Triethylamine

text: Like other tertiary amines, it catalyzes the formation of urethane foams and epoxy resins. It is also useful in dehydrohalogenation reactions and Swern oxidations.


title: Triethylamine

text: Triethylamine is mainly used in the production of quaternary ammonium compounds for textile auxiliaries and quaternary ammonium salts of dyes. It is also a catalyst and acid neutralizer for condensation reactions and is useful as an intermediate for manufacturing medicines, pesticides and other chemicals.


title: Triethylamine

text: Triethylamine salts, like any other tertiary ammonium salts, are used as an ion-interaction reagent in ion interaction chromatography, due to their amphiphilic properties. Unlike quaternary ammonium salts, tertiary ammonium salts are much more volatile, therefore mass spectrometry can be used while performing analysis.


title: Triethylamine

text: Triethylamine is used to give salts of various carboxylic acid-containing pesticides, e.g. Triclopyr and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid


title: Triethylamine

text: Triethylamine is the active ingredient in FlyNap, a product for anesthetizing "Drosophila melanogaster". Triethylamine is used in mosquito and vector control labs to anesthetize mosquitoes. This is done to preserve any viral material that might be present during species identification.


title: Triethylamine

text: The bicarbonate salt of triethylamine (often abbreviated TEAB, triethylammonium bicarbonate) is useful in reverse phase chromatography, often in a gradient to purify nucleotides and other biomolecules.


title: Triethylamine

text: Triethylamine was found during the early 1940s to be hypergolic in combination with nitric acid, and was considered a possible propellant for early hypergolic rocket engines.


title: Triethylamine

text: The Soviet "Scud" Missile used TG-02 ("Tonka-250"), a mixture of 50% xylidine and 50% triethlyamine as a starting fluid to ignite its rocket engine.


title: Triethylamine

text: Hawthorn flowers have a heavy, complicated scent, the distinctive part of which is triethylamine, which is also one of the first chemicals produced by a dead human body when it begins to decay. Due to the scent , it is considered unlucky to bring hawthorn into a house. Gangrene and semen are also said to possess a similar odour.


title: Japanese punctuation

text: Japanese can be written horizontally or vertically, and some punctuation marks adapt to this change in direction. Parentheses, curved brackets, square quotation marks, ellipses, dashes, and swung dashes are rotated clockwise 90° when used in vertical text (see diagram).


title: Japanese punctuation

text: Japanese punctuation marks are usually full width (that is, occupying an area that is the same as the surrounding characters).


title: Japanese punctuation

text: Punctuation was not widely used in Japanese writing until translations from European languages became common in the 19th century.


title: Japanese punctuation

text: Various types of are used in Japanese. As in English, brackets are used in pairs to set apart or interject text within other text. When writing vertically, brackets are rotated clockwise ninety degrees. Each bracket occupies its own square when using "genkō yōshi".


title: Japanese punctuation

text: , also known as lenticular brackets. Lenticular brackets are also used as quotation marks in the Japanese language.


title: Japanese punctuation

text: The is used in many contexts, principally for marking off separate elements within a sentence. In horizontal writing, the comma is placed at the bottom right of the preceding character. In vertical writing, it is placed immediately below and to the right of the last character, in a separate square if using "genkō yōshi". In horizontally written manuscripts that contain a mixture of Japanese and Western characters, the full-width comma may be incorporated as well. No extra space is left after a comma.


title: Japanese punctuation

text: The double hyphen (, "nijū haifun" or , "daburu haifun") is exclusively used in transliteration. It may act in two ways:


title: Japanese punctuation

text: Digitally, it is correctly represented in Unicode as . However, due to visual similarity, absence from historically common encodings such as Shift JIS and EUC-JP, and ease of input on a keyboard, it is often encountered written as .


title: Japanese punctuation

text: Ellipses ( "rīdā" (leaders), "tensen" (dotted line), or "ten-ten" ("dot dot") indicate an intentional omission or abbreviation, or a pause in speech, an unfinished thought or, at the end of a sentence, a trailing off into silence (aposiopesis). Ellipsis was adopted into Japanese from European languages.


title: Japanese punctuation

text: The ellipsis is often three dots or six dots (in two groups of three dots), though variations in number of dots exist. The dots can be either on the baseline or centred between the baseline and the ascender when horizontal; the dots are centred horizontally when vertical.


title: Japanese punctuation

text: The is a small circle. In horizontal writing, the full stop is placed in the same position as it would be in English, that is, at the bottom right of the preceding character. In vertical writing, it is placed immediately below and to the right of the last character, in a separate square if using "genkō yōshi". (Note the difference in placement with the traditional Chinese full stop, which is placed in the centre of the square.)


title: Japanese punctuation

text: Unlike the Western full stop, it is often used to separate consecutive sentences, rather than to finish every sentence; it is frequently left out where a sentence stands alone. No extra space is used after a full stop.


title: Japanese punctuation

text: In manuscripts that contain a mixture of Japanese and Western characters, the Western full stop may be incorporated as well.


title: Japanese punctuation

text: Starting in the 1980s, advertising copy writers began incorporating full stops in titles and other advertising. In the 1990s, the group began using a full stop in its name, starting a fad for this usage. Other examples include the following:


title: Japanese punctuation

text: The or "katakana middle dot" (as the Unicode consortium calls it) is a small dot used for interword separation. It is also known as "nakapochi", "nakapotsu" and "nakaten". It has a fixed width that is the same as most kana characters.


title: Japanese punctuation

text: The part alternation mark ( "ioriten" or "utakigō") is used to indicate the beginning of a song, or the beginning of the next player's part.


title: Japanese punctuation

text: It was most common in Noh chanting books and Renga (linked verse). In Noh books it is used to mark the beginning of each character's (or the chorus') parts. The opening square quotation mark () may also be used.


title: Japanese punctuation

text: are used to mark quotes within quotes: as well as to mark book titles (Japanese does not have italic type, and does not use sloping type for this purpose in Japanese). They are also sometimes used in fiction to denote text that is heard through a telephone or other device.


title: Japanese punctuation

text: A space () is any empty (non-written) zone between written sections. In Japanese, the space is referred to by the . A Japanese space is the same width as a CJK character and is thus also called an "ideographic space".


title: Japanese punctuation

text: In English, spaces are used for interword separation as well as separation between punctuation and words. In normal Japanese writing, no spaces are left between words, except if the writing is exclusively in hiragana or katakana (or with little or no kanji), in which case spaces may be required to avoid confusion.


title: Japanese punctuation

text: In Japanese, a single space is often left before the first character in a new paragraph, especially when writing on "genkō yōshi" (manuscript paper), and a space is left after non-Japanese punctuation marks (such as exclamation points and question marks). A space may be left between the family and given names as well. When the character is not easily available, a direct HTML equivalent is the codice_1 entity (em-space) which outputs the same fullwidth " " glyph.


title: Japanese punctuation

text: A fullwidth space may be used where a colon or comma would be used in English: ("Yamato Bank, Osaka Branch").


title: Japanese punctuation

text: The Japanese versions of these punctuation marks are usually full-width characters. A full-width space is usually left after such marks when writing in Japanese.


title: Japanese punctuation

text: The consists of two equally sized dots centered on the same vertical line. As a rule, a colon informs the reader that what follows proves, clarifies, explains, or simply enumerates elements of what is referred to before. Although not a native Japanese punctuation mark, the colon is sometimes used, especially in academic writing.


title: Japanese punctuation

text: As in English, the colon is commonly used in Japanese to indicate time (, instead of or ) or for lists ( Day/time: March 3, 4:05pm).


title: Japanese punctuation

text: The , also colloquially called the びっくりマーク ("bikkuri māku", lit. "surprise mark") is usually used after an interjection or exclamation to indicate strong feelings or high volume, and generally marks the end of a sentence. A sentence ending in an exclamation mark is either an actual exclamation ("Wow!", "Boo!"), a command ("Stop!"), or is intended to be astonishing in some way ("They were the footprints of a gigantic hound!").


title: Japanese punctuation

text: While there is no exclamation point in formal Japanese, it is very commonly used, especially in casual writing, fiction and manga.


title: Japanese punctuation

text: In formal Japanese, no particular symbol is used to mark interrogative sentences, which end with the normal Japanese full stop (). However, the question mark is very commonly used, especially in casual and creative writing and in manga. It is generally known formally as ("gimonfu") or less formally ("hatena māku"), but the katakana form of "question mark" ( or ) is also common.


title: Japanese punctuation

text: This sign is added to the tail of a phrase, indicating it is a part of lyrics or someone is singing the phrase.


title: Seconds (1966 film)

text: Seconds is a 1966 American psychological horror science fiction film directed by John Frankenheimer and starring Rock Hudson, Salome Jens, John Randolph, and Will Geer. The film tells the story of a middle-aged New York banker who, disillusioned with his life, contacts an agency known as "The Company" which specializes in providing "rebirths" under new identities and appearances altered by plastic surgery. The screenplay by Lewis John Carlino was based on the 1963 novel of the same title by David Ely.


title: Seconds (1966 film)

text: Filmed in New York and Malibu, California, in 1965, "Seconds" was entered into the 1966 Cannes Film Festival and released by Paramount Pictures. The cinematography by James Wong Howe was nominated for an Academy Award.


title: Seconds (1966 film)

text: In 2015, the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry, finding it "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".


title: Seconds (1966 film)

text: Arthur Hamilton is a middle-aged banking executive in New York who, despite his professional success, remains profoundly unfulfilled. His love for his wife, Emily, has dwindled, and he seldom sees his only child, now grown.


title: Seconds (1966 film)

text: Arthur is approached by a stranger who gives him an address. Later that day he receives a call from Charlie, his school friend from Harvard whom he believed to be dead. Charlie recounts personal anecdotes that only he could know. Charlie informs Arthur that he must go to the address provided, and that the Company will save him from his empty life.


title: Seconds (1966 film)

text: Arthur takes up Charlie's proposition, and travels to the address, then is redirected through a circuitous series of addresses. At one location, he is drugged and tries to leave the complex. He wanders around until finding himself in a vulnerable woman's bedroom and, in his drugged state, he seemingly sexually assaults her.


title: Seconds (1966 film)

text: After waking, Arthur is informed by the Company's Mr. Ruby that their service costs $30,000. It will fake his death in a hotel fire using an anonymous cadaver, then reshape his appearance and provide a fresh start. When Arthur is unsure, an older man, head of the Company, shows Arthur a film of the prior staged assault, ostensibly to make his decision easier.


title: Seconds (1966 film)

text: After considering the emptiness in his life, Arthur reluctantly accepts. He undergoes multiple extensive procedures by Dr. Innes that transform not only his facial features, but his vocal cords, teeth, and even fingerprints.


title: Seconds (1966 film)

text: After a lengthy healing period, the younger looking Arthur is conferred the identity Tony Wilson. Tony is relocated by the Company into a beachside community in California. He attempts to assimilate into his new life, in which he is able to live as an artist —a career he had always aspired to— though he soon finds himself growing restless. While walking the beach one day, Tony encounters Nora. The two develop a swift attraction, and Nora recounts how she came to leave her former life behind.


title: Seconds (1966 film)

text: Tony accompanies Nora to a Dionysian-themed party in Santa Barbara. There, the revelers dance, sing, and stomp grapes in a large trough and, after some initial discomfort, Tony finally begins to enjoy himself.