title: Nomenclature

text: Toponyms are proper names given to various geographical features (geonyms), and also to cosmic features (cosmonyms). This could include names of mountains, rivers, seas, villages, towns, cities, countries, planets, stars etc. Toponymy can be further divided into specialist branches, like: choronymy, the study of proper names of regions and countries; econymy, the study of proper names of villages, towns and citties; hodonymy, the study of proper names of streets and roads; hydronymy, the study of proper names of water bodies; oronymy, the study of proper names of mountains and hills, etc.


title: Nomenclature

text: Toponymy has popular appeal because of its socio-cultural and historical interest and significance for cartography. However, work on the etymology of toponyms has found that many place names are descriptive, honorific or commemorative but frequently they have no meaning, or the meaning is obscure or lost. Also, the many categories of names are frequently interrelated. For example, many place-names are derived from personal names (Victoria), many names of planets and stars are derived from the names of mythological characters (Venus, Neptune), and many personal names are derived from place-names, names of nations and the like (Wood, Bridge).


title: Nomenclature

text: In a strictly scientific sense, nomenclature is regarded as a part of "taxonomy" (though distinct from it). Moreover, the precision demanded by science in the accurate naming of objects in the natural world has resulted in a variety of codes of nomenclature (worldwide-accepted sets of rules on biological classification).


title: Nomenclature

text: Taxonomy can be defined as the study of classification including its principles, procedures and rules, while classification itself is the ordering of taxa (the objects of classification) into groups based on similarities or differences. Doing taxonomy entails identifying, describing, and naming taxa; therefore, in the scientific sense, nomenclature is the branch of taxonomy concerned with the application of scientific names to taxa, based on a particular classification scheme, in accordance with agreed international rules and conventions.


title: Nomenclature

text: Identification determines whether a particular organism matches a taxon that has already been classified and named – so classification must precede identification. This procedure is sometimes referred to as "determination".


title: Nomenclature

text: Although Linnaeus’ system of binomial nomenclature was rapidly adopted after the publication of his Species Plantarum and Systema Naturae in 1753 and 1758 respectively, it was a long time before there was international consensus concerning the more general rules governing biological nomenclature. The first botanical code was produced in 1905, the zoological code in 1889 and cultivated plant code in 1953. Agreement on the nomenclature and symbols for genes emerged in 1979.


title: Nomenclature

text: Over the last few hundred years, the number of identified astronomical objects has risen from hundreds to over a billion, and more are discovered every year. Astronomers need universal systematic designations to unambiguously identify all of these objects using astronomical naming conventions, while assigning names to the most interesting objects and, where relevant, naming important or interesting features of those objects.


title: Nomenclature

text: The IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming chemical compounds and for describing the science of chemistry in general. It is maintained by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.


title: Nomenclature

text: Similar compendia exist for biochemistry (in association with the IUBMB), analytical chemistry and macromolecular chemistry. These books are supplemented by shorter recommendations for specific circumstances which are published from time to time in the journal "Pure and Applied Chemistry". These systems can be accessed through the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).


title: Birdo

text: Birdo, known in Japanese as , is a fictional character in the "Mario" franchise. Her first appearance was as an enemy in "Yume Kōjō: Doki Doki Panic", which was localized for English-language audiences as "Super Mario Bros. 2". Since then, Birdo has been a recurring character in various franchise spin-offs. Initially, she was depicted as an antagonist, but has since been depicted as an ally. Birdo has also made several cameos, particularly in the "Mario Kart" series and the Japan-only Wii video game "Captain Rainbow".


title: Birdo

text: The English manual for "Super Mario Bros. 2" refers to Birdo as male, "who thinks he is a girl" and would prefer to be called "Birdetta." Some interpret that as a Birdo being transgender, which would make her the first transgender video game character. Later releases of "Super Mario Bros. 2" removed all mentions of her favored nickname. Starting with "Mario Tennis", Nintendo has treated Birdo as a female gender without any more mention of her perceived transgender roots. Birdo is also depicted as being romantically involved with Yoshi.


title: Birdo

text: The character has received mostly positive reception in the "Mario" series, although her appearance and perceived gender identity have received mixed reception. She has made several appearances in other media, including the "Super Mario Bros. Super Show!", as well as promotional material such as figurines and plush toys.


title: Birdo

text: Birdo is a pink, anthropomorphic dinosaur creature who wears a red hairbow and has a round mouth that can fire eggs as projectiles. Birdo also wears a large diamond ring. In the early version of Birdo, the character had an orange tone. Birdo's name was mistakenly switched with another "Super Mario Bros. 2" enemy, Ostro, both in the manual and in the end credits. The mistake persisted in the version of "Super Mario Bros. 2" included in the "Super Mario All-Stars" compilation, but was corrected in the Game Boy Advance re-release titled "Super Mario Advance".


title: Birdo

text: Since the character's North American introduction, Birdo's gender identity has been an issue of discussion and speculation. The Japanese manual for "Doki Doki Panic", when translated into English, states her name to be Catherine and is a male who thinks of himself as female, adding that she likes to wear a bow and would rather be called "Cathy." However, in the first edition manual for the North American release of "Super Mario Bros. 2", Birdo is referred to by a text block that states "he thinks he is a girl" and would "rather be called 'Birdetta.'" In later printings, mention of Birdo being male was omitted. Mention of this fact is further not included in most later games featuring the character and seems to have been retconned to Birdo always being a female to begin with. In the Japanese version of "Super Smash Bros. Melee", Birdo, called Catherine, is described similarly to the original manual, though wanting to be called "Cathy." In "Super Smash Bros. Brawl", it is said that Birdo is of "indeterminate gender." Birdo appears in the Wii Japan-only video game "Captain Rainbow", which delves into Birdo's gender identity. It specifically depicts her being imprisoned for entering the women's bathroom, and the player is asked to locate proof of her femininity (her vibrator) to get her out. Birdo is often lauded as the first transgender video game character. The character was given a female voice actor in "Super Mario Advance", a remake of "Super Mario Bros. 2". The Spanish language website for "Mario Smash Football" while describing Birdo suggests that the character's gender is indeterminate. The European website for "Mario Strikers Charged Football" refers to Birdo as a male character.


title: Birdo

text: In "Mario Tennis" and "Super Mario Advance" (a remake of "Super Mario Bros. 2"), the character was given a high pitched female voice provided by Jessica Chisum and Jen Taylor, respectively. However, in "", Birdo uses muttering noises that has been used in subsequent games provided by Kazumi Totaka.


title: Birdo

text: Birdo first appeared in the Family Computer Disk System video game "" and its Western Nintendo Entertainment System conversion "Super Mario Bros. 2" as a boss. The "Super Mario Advance" remake of "Super Mario Bros. 2" features a large robotic version of Birdo called "Robirdo." Birdo/Catherine was prominently featured in the cut-scenes for the Japan-only, Satellaview pseudo-sequel of "Super Mario USA" (Japanese title for the Western version of "Super Mario Bros. 2"), known as "BS Super Mario USA". In this version, three "Super Catherines" were voice-acted by Jun Donna (Pink, described as "slightly mischievous"), Rika (Red, "whose finances are always in the red"), and Akemi (Green, described as "cultured and affluent"). The voices were those of gay men or transgender women. A Japanese advertisement for "Super Mario USA" also showed a Catherine puppet lounging on a bed, with a low masculine voice.


title: Birdo

text: Since the character's appearance in "Super Mario Bros. 2", Birdo has made several cameo appearances, including an early one teaching players the rules of the video game "Wario's Woods". Throughout "Wario's Woods", Birdo's main role consisted of being the helper to Toad as Birdo provided encouragement to him as Toad attempted to save the Mushroom Kingdom from Wario's clutches. Aside from this brief appearance in "Wario's Woods", Birdo has not entered any other Mario mainstream game since "Super Mario Bros. 2".


title: Birdo

text: Birdo has made frequent appearances in later "Mario" spin-off games, including "Mario Tennis" and "Mario Golf Toadstool Tour", first appearing in the "Mario" sports games with the Nintendo 64 "Mario Tennis". However, Birdo was originally going to be included in the Virtual Boy video game "Mario's Tennis". Birdo returned again in "" as an unlockable character. Birdo also made her first appearance in the "Mario Kart" series with "", where Yoshi acts as her partner. The European version of the game's manual discusses Birdo's gender in relation to Yoshi. She later reappeared in "Mario Kart Wii" and "Mario Kart Tour". Birdo has also made appearances in the "Mario Party" series, first appearing in "Mario Party 7" then later in "Mario Party 8", "Mario Party 9", and "Mario Party Superstars". Birdo also makes appearances in multiple Mario role-playing games, including "Super Mario RPG" as a minor boss in Valentina's castle and "" as a decoy for Princess Peach, and later Popple's rookie partner. Paper Birdo appear in "", "", and "". Birdo appeared in the Wii video game "Captain Rainbow", which makes reference to her gender status. Birdo appeared in "Super Smash Bros. Melee", "Super Smash Bros. Brawl", and "Super Smash Bros. for Wii U" in the form of collectible items (known as trophies). Birdo has also appeared in "Mario Superstar Baseball" for Nintendo GameCube and "Mario Super Sluggers" and "Mario Strikers Charged" for Wii. She also appears in the Nintendo 3DS version of "Mario & Sonic at the London 2012 Olympic Games" as a rival, and returns in "Mario & Sonic at the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games", once again as a rival. However, she is featured as a playable character in "Mario & Sonic at the Rio 2016 Olympic Games", alongside other newcomers like Diddy Kong and Rosalina. Birdo also appears in "Super Mario Maker" as a mystery mushroom costume for Mario to wear in the "Super Mario Bros." art style.


title: Birdo

text: Birdo has appeared several times in promotional items, including figurines, plush toys, and other collectibles such as a chess set. A mother Birdo was featured in the episode "The Bird! The Bird!" of "The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!", kidnapping Toad due to being nearsighted, and believing Toad to be her lost son Cheepy. "Birdo," the first track of Horse the Band's album The Mechanical Hand, heavily references the character.


title: Birdo

text: Birdo has received mostly positive reception. 1UP.com editor Jeremy Parish described her as a favourite among fans. "Official Nintendo Magazine" listed her as one of the "unsung heroes" amongst the "Mario" series, stating that "Birdo does get more exposure than the other characters in this section (she's showed up in a few Mario spin-offs), but she/he's still not as popular as we'd like." In a poll by "Official Nintendo Magazine" on its users, Birdo tied for eighth-best female character on a Nintendo platform along with Tetra and Kazooie. GamePro editor "The D-Pad Destroyer" called Birdo "everyone's favorite." In Prima's Official Strategy Guide for "Super Mario Advance", author Bryan Stratton describes Birdo as the hardest-working boss in video games, due to her appearing more than a dozen times as a boss in "Super Mario Bros. 2". N-Sider editor Anthony JC commented that Birdo was a "pushover" compared to the other bosses in "Super Mario Bros. 2". In an article on MTV Multiplayer discussing the best birds in video games, Birdo tied for second place with the chickens from "Chicken Run". IGN editor Lucas M. Thomas felt that Birdo was nearly as recognized as Yoshi in the "Mario" sports and racing games. GamePro editor "The Watcher" praised the roster of "Mario Superstar Baseball", commenting that while "well-known" characters like Princess Peach and Yoshi make appearances, so do "lesser-known" characters such as Birdo and Dry Bones. In the book "Life on the screen: identity in the age of the Internet", author Sherry Turkle uses the pattern Birdo uses in boss battles as an example of something that, while complex, sustains the sense of a reassuring, rule-based world. GameDaily editor Chris Buffa listed her as one of the most unappreciated Nintendo characters, commenting that Birdo had appeared across web sites "in less-than-flattering articles."


title: Birdo

text: However, UGO Networks listed Birdo as the 20th "unsexiest sexy video game characters." Birdo was ranked the ninth ugliest female video game character by ScrewAttack, who described her as resembling a "retarded anteater." ScrewAttack also listed Birdo as one of 15 reasons why they "hate" "Super Mario Bros. 2", claiming that they still have no idea exactly what Birdo is. Games.net placed Birdo at No. 8 of their "Top Ten Disturbingly Sexual Game Characters" list. GameDaily listed Birdo as one of the 10 worst "Mario" characters. MTV Multiplayer editor Jason Cipriano questioned why Birdo and fellow "Super Mario Bros. 2" enemy Shy Guy have been included in so many spin-off titles in the "Mario" series, commenting that they both "kinda suck," but enemies such as Wart and Mouser do not.


title: Birdo

text: "Wired" editor Chris Kohler described her as well as other characters from "Captain Rainbow" as "forgettable." IGN editor John Tanaka found Birdo to be one of the more enjoyable guest characters in "Captain Rainbow", associating his enjoyment with developer Skip's plot, which involves crossdressing and toilet humour.


title: Birdo

text: Birdo has been the subject of discussion relating to her gender identity and has been perceived as transgender. She has become a trans icon due to her perceived gender identity. She has been credited as an early transgender character in video games. The manual excerpt from "Super Mario Bros. 2" about Birdo's gender did not receive attention until some time after the game's release. Writer Lorenzo Fantoni suggested that this was because few people read the manual or because no one cared about Birdo's gender at the time. Fantoni also compared the "Captain Rainbow" scene to the later bathroom debates regarding trans people. Fantoni also suggests that Nintendo does not know what to do with Birdo and that changes to Birdo's character are made to match present-day morals. Author Sam Greer was critical of Birdo's portrayal, stating that her gender had become a "running joke" and was the "subject of much derision and stereotyping." Paste Magazine's Jennifer Unkle criticized Birdo as a caricatured trans person and as an example of Nintendo's poor handling of gender identity in general.


title: Birdo

text: It is speculated by "Wired"s Chris Kohler that the gender issue was retconned to make her a cisgender female, while video game developer Jennifer Diane Reitz suggests that she may have undergone gender reassignment surgery. Writer Andrew Webster of "The Escapist" used the history of Birdo in the lead-in to his article, commenting on the changes Nintendo has made to hide Birdo's gender status.


title: Dick DeVos

text: Richard Marvin DeVos Jr. (born October 21, 1955) is an American businessman and author. The son of Amway co-founder Richard DeVos, he served as CEO of the multi-level marketing company from 1993 to 2002. In 2006, DeVos ran for Governor of Michigan, but lost to the then-incumbent Democrat Jennifer Granholm. In 2012, "Forbes" magazine listed his father as the No. 351 richest person in the world, with a net worth of approximately . DeVos is the husband of Betsy DeVos, the former United States Secretary of Education in the Trump administration.


title: Dick DeVos

text: DeVos was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, the son of Helen June (Van Wesep) and Richard Marvin DeVos. His grandparents were Dutch immigrants. DeVos is a graduate of the Forest Hills public school system.


title: Dick DeVos

text: He was involved in the family business, Amway, even as a child. "I still remember when it was in the basement of our home when I was growing up," he later said. "I remember the offices being down there and people working down there." As boys, he and his brother Doug were "tapped as mini-hosts", assigned to greet attendees at Amway's annual conventions, and they "helped out with everything from clearing plates during gatherings to ferrying guests to play tennis or waterski. That evolved to speaking in front of groups and even giving product demonstrations." DeVos later said that "It was kind of like a Junior Achievement atmosphere contained inside of Amway. ... We just hung around the company. It was your social activity."


title: Dick DeVos

text: DeVos received a bachelor's degree in business administration from Northwood University. He later paid to attend, but did not complete, the Harvard Business School and the Wharton School's Executive Study Programs. DeVos has received honorary doctorates from Grove City College, Central Michigan University and Northwood University, as well as distinguished alumni recognition from Northwood University.


title: Dick DeVos

text: His wife, Betsy DeVos, is the former chairperson of the Michigan Republican Party and the former Secretary of Education under President Donald Trump. She is the daughter of billionaire industrialist Edgar Prince, and sister of Blackwater USA founder Erik Prince.


title: Dick DeVos

text: DeVos began working with Amway Corporation in 1974, holding positions in various divisions, including research and development, manufacturing, marketing, sales, and finance. In 1984, he became one of Amway's vice presidents, with overall responsibility for the company's operations in 18 countries. Under his leadership, the company opened numerous new markets and tripled foreign sales to exceed domestic sales for the first time in company history.


title: Dick DeVos

text: According to one source, "When Dick DeVos became vice president of Amway's foreign operation in 1986, sales outside of the U.S. accounted for about 5 percent of overall sales. When he left the position six years later, they had grown to 50 percent of annual sales."


title: Dick DeVos

text: When the DeVos family acquired the National Basketball Association's Orlando Magic basketball franchise in 1991, DeVos's father, Richard DeVos became president and CEO of the team. On October 21, 2005, it was announced that DeVos would become part owner as his father split ownership evenly between his children.


title: Dick DeVos

text: Larry Guest of the "Orlando Sentinel" wrote in a September 1991 column that "civic and business leaders in Grand Rapids" considered DeVos "admirable, amicable, compassionate, honorable, community-conscious, intelligent", but that they wondered whether DeVos, who was about to begin running the Orlando Magic, was "strong enough...to make the tough decisions necessary as the chief operating officer overseeing... an NBA franchise?" Guest answered yes, calling DeVos "a business and political specialist experienced far beyond his 35 years on this globe" and noting that he had "recently attracted more than a million votes, more than any other Republican on a statewide basis, to win a seat on Michigan's Board of Education." Guest quoted DeVos as saying that in making business decisions, he hopes "to be seen as tough, but also fair... I'm not a control-oriented individual, but I expect results and I expect meticulous, detailed management."


title: Dick DeVos

text: DeVos left his positions as president and CEO of the Orlando Magic in January 1993 to rejoin Amway as its president, succeeding his father, Amway co-founder Rich DeVos. Under Dick Devos, the firm expanded operations to more than 50 countries and territories on six continents.


title: Dick DeVos

text: In 2000, DeVos oversaw a significant corporate restructuring that created Alticor, the new parent company of predecessor Amway, as well as other subsidiary companies. In a 20-month span, Alticor cut over 1,300 jobs (primarily in Michigan) during this restructuring, with 400 of them being buyouts and early retirement.


title: Dick DeVos

text: Job cuts were one of several cut backs made during the corporate restructuring of Amway in order to expedite the return to profitability and prevent further downsizing or the possible loss of the company.


title: Dick DeVos

text: DeVos and his brother, Doug DeVos, are "credited with taking the company global, and setting industry standards as they moved into those markets."


title: Dick DeVos

text: DeVos retired as president of Alticor in August 2002. In that fiscal year, Alticor reported sales of $4.5 billion, primarily through its more than 3.5 million part-time sales force and its complementary e-commerce channel. After retiring from Alticor, DeVos returned to become president of The Windquest Group.


title: Dick DeVos

text: The Windquest Group is a privately held investment management firm with holdings in technology, manufacturing, and other sectors.


title: Dick DeVos

text: A 2010 article reported on a Windquest venture called The Green Machine, which "converts waste heat that's the byproduct of a manufacturing process – in liquid or gaseous form – into electricity."


title: Dick DeVos

text: DeVos explained that "Some time ago Windquest brought on a specialist in alternative energy. ... We knew this was going to be an important part of our future, but also an opportunity." He explained that sustainability is "not just an environmental concept, it's also an economic one. If a particular business approach is not economically viable it will not be sustainable." Windquest was not interested in "glitzy and glamorous" ideas, he said, but in "technologies that were environmentally sound and economically sustainable" and thus more likely to be widely adopted. He expressed concern "that some of the new products in the marketplace are either too dependent on tax incentives or subsidies" and not genuinely "viable and ...competitive".


title: Dick DeVos

text: The Green Machine is produced by the ElectraTherm Company and distributed by Windquest in collaboration with Pro Services. "It's a three-legged stool", DeVos explained. "ElectraTherm provides the core technology, Pro Services provides the installation ability and the knowledge of the customers' needs and Windquest then provides both financing and high-level business acumen."


title: Dick DeVos

text: In 1990, DeVos won election to the Michigan State Board of Education, and resigned two years into his eight-year term, citing his return to Amway as CEO as the reason. In 1996, DeVos was appointed by Governor John Engler to the Grand Valley State University Board of Control.


title: Dick DeVos

text: DeVos and his wife became co-chairs of the Education Freedom Fund in 1993. The Fund provides private scholarships to low-income families in Michigan with wishes to attend schools of their choice. When the Children's Scholarship Fund provided $7.5 million to the Education Freedom Fund, the DeVos matched the grant, and their foundation covers all of the administrative costs of the organization.


title: Dick DeVos

text: In 2000, DeVos was the co-chairman of the "Kids First! Yes!" campaign committee, which sponsored a ballot-initiative that would have amended the Michigan constitution to allow vouchers and tuition tax credits for private K-12 education. The initiative lost, with 69% of voters opposing the measure.


title: Dick DeVos

text: The Dick and Betsy DeVos Foundation has also given money to groups like the American Education Reform Council, Choices for Children, and Children First America, in addition to funding Christian schools in the West Michigan area.


title: Dick DeVos

text: On June 2, 2005, at Mackinac Island, DeVos announced his candidacy for governor of Michigan. He is still considered to be the wealthiest man to run for statewide office in Michigan's history. As of October 27, 2006, the DeVos campaign had spent $39 million, of which nearly $35 million was DeVos's own money.


title: Dick DeVos

text: An article published on August 3, 2005, quoted DeVos as saying that the main issue for Michigan voters was the state's economy. "We're fighting with Mississippi for the highest unemployment rate in the country. We have the lowest personal income growth, the lowest business start-ups in the country. We are the only state that has not moved to positive ground when it comes to actual numbers of jobs in the marketplace," he said. He also suggested that tourism "is one of the businesses and industries that has a bright future for Michigan, and is exciting." Criticizing Granholm's economic policies, he said that in her place "I would have sent a very different signal to the entire regulatory infrastructure of the state, and would have taken steps to make this state more business friendly." Granholm, he said, "has talked about wanting business, but all of her actions and the actions of all the regulatory agencies and government agencies in this state have continued to create difficulties for business. I hear it from business people everywhere I go in this state."


title: Dick DeVos

text: In an interview given during the campaign, DeVos said: "It's all about jobs. Jobs are the number one issue in Michigan right now. Our state does not have a climate for job creation. Job-killing taxes like the SBT (Single Business Tax) punish job makers for creating jobs, providing their employees with benefits, and investing in new technology. Taxes like the SBT and Michigan's personal property tax hurt manufacturers more than any other tax. They've got to go if we want to help manufacturing and bring jobs back to Michigan." He also spoke of the need to "work on trade issues to make sure that Detroit's automakers can compete fairly both here in the United States and around the world."


title: Dick DeVos

text: Thomas Bray of RealClearPolitics reported on June 21, 2006, that incumbent Jennifer Granholm was "in deep trouble," with DeVos surging "to a 48–40 lead...in a Detroit News/WXYZ-TV poll." In other polls, the two candidates were "in a dead heat," and, to some observers' surprise, DeVos was leading "48–40 among union households." Bray's conclusion was that "the DeVos ads are striking home with their message: that the Michigan economy is in a shambles, that Granholm has failed to develop a strategy to resurrect the state and that a hard-nosed businessman who owes nothing to anybody is just the guy to sort things out."


title: Dick DeVos

text: An October 2006 article in Human Events argued that the Michigan governor's race was "shaping up as a classic style vs. substance confrontation," with Granholm, "a charismatic and attractive former aspiring actress who can deliver a speech and charm a crowd with the best of them," representing style, and DeVos representing substance. While lacking Granholm's "flashier qualities," DeVos's "business background...ideally suits him to address the state's most vexing economic issues." The article noted that DeVos was interested in job creation in what was "perhaps the least business-friendly state in the country." While Granholm argued that jobs had been moved to China and India, DeVos pointed out that "Michigan jobs have...gone to Ohio, Indiana, and other states with less punitive tax policies, and this governor fails to recognize that."


title: Dick DeVos

text: A November 3, 2006, article noted that DeVos's plan for turning around Michigan's "economic stagnancy and increasing unemployment" was called the TurnAround Plan. It called for action on four fronts: "creating an attractive job climate, overhauling state government, diversifying the economy, and conquering the international marketplace." DeVos planned to create "a pro-jobs tax structure while supporting small business growth to increase jobs," and described his credentials as follows: "I've made tough decisions, I've turned around a struggling business, and I've helped an entire city turn around."


title: Dick DeVos

text: He also called for an increase in "funding for secondary and higher education," for a streamlined health-care system "that utilizes technology to reduce hospital errors by making medical records more efficient," and for " strong anti-crime measures, specifically against child predators." The article noted that debates between DeVos and Granholm had "done little to help either's cause, though they did have an effect on the polls," with support for both candidates dropping and the number of undecided voters increasing. "Whether it has been Granholm's campaign morphing images of DeVos into President Bush, or DeVos's ads including compromising footage of the governor's speeches, neither candidate has found a way to gain an advantage."


title: Dick DeVos

text: The article also pointed out that "newspapers have divided their support along party lines, with the Detroit Free Press endorsing Granholm and The Grand Rapids Press siding with DeVos." Among DeVos's supporters was Lee Iacocca, who had been actively campaigning for him. He had also received endorsements from the Michigan Chamber of Commerce and the Michigan Farm Bureau.


title: Dick DeVos

text: On November 7, 2006, DeVos was defeated by Democratic incumbent Jennifer Granholm by a 14-point margin. He congratulated the re-elected Granholm via phone after the results were in. Granholm was quoted as saying she "admired his tenacity and his passion for Michigan".


title: Dick DeVos

text: According to a CBS reporter, DeVos's loss was widely attributed to his performance in his first televised debate with Granholm. "Granholm went for the jugular talking about an investment he had in a nursing home," and "DeVos's lackluster response opened the door that led to his eventual loss." Years later, DeVos said: "I learned I needed to be better at expressing my opinions more directly and forcefully...My mother taught me to be respectful and polite, but sometimes I took that advice too far."


title: Dick DeVos

text: In October 2008, DeVos donated $200,000 to the PAC opposing Michigan State Proposal – 08-2 (2008). He is a major backer of the America First Action PAC.


title: Dick DeVos

text: In October 2012, DeVos engaged in a series of public debates with Teamsters president James Hoffa, son of that union's legendary leader Jimmy Hoffa. They argued about the role of unions, with DeVos taking the position that "Workers and job creators, through hard work, ingenuity, sweat and risk-taking, literally made the strongest economy in the world and the greatest standard of living in history...The greatest generation...did not just win a World War, they labored shoulder-to-shoulder with fellow workers to create and sustain value-added enterprises." By contrast, "big union bosses have engaged in cozy deals and political backroom dealings in order to advance their personal agendas, not those of their members," They focused especially on Michigan's Proposition 2, which would protect collective bargaining. "The unintended consequences of Proposal 2 will result in a $1.6-billion annual tax hike," said DeVos. "Since collective bargaining is a federally protected right, Proposal 2 is really about special interests."


title: Dick DeVos

text: In a December 2012 article in "The New York Times", Nicholas Confessore and Monica Davey reported that after President Obama's re-election, DeVos "began dialing up state lawmakers in Lansing," telling them that it was time to pass a right-to-work law. "If the lawmakers later found themselves facing recalls or tough re-election fights, Mr. DeVos told them, he would be there to help."


title: Dick DeVos

text: The legislators and Republican governor Rick Snyder "rapidly approved the legislation and delivered a body blow to the labor movement." The "Times" article noted that the Devos family had given over $1 million to the Michigan GOP in 2012 and at least $2 million to a successful effort to defeat a proposal for a pro-union constitutional amendment. After that defeat, the DeVos family helped form the Michigan Freedom Fund to promote a right-to-work law.


title: Dick DeVos

text: A Reuters article published in December 2012 noted that the Michigan right-to-work campaign had "gathered momentum" thanks to the involvement of DeVos and "Ronald Weiser, former chairman of the Michigan Republican Party and ambassador to Slovakia under President George W. Bush...The wealthy businessman and the political guru both worked to persuade wavering Republican lawmakers by assuring them they would have financial support if they faced recall elections over right-to-work, as happened in Wisconsin."


title: Dick DeVos

text: In a talk given in Washington, D.C., in January 2013, under the auspices of the Heritage Foundation, DeVos discussed the passage of so-called "Right to Work" legislation in Michigan. "Freedom to Work was simply the right thing to do," he said. "By casting off the practice of forced unionization; Michigan now publicly declares to other states and in fact the world, that we embrace freedom for our workers, true equality in the workplace and that we are ready to compete with anyone, anywhere to create economic opportunity for our Michigan families." In his talk, he explained how the legislation was passed, praising Michigan's business community, certain legislators, and Mackinac Center for Public Policy for their role in its passage, and noting that it was important to propose the legislation at the right time, to give it the right name, to be prepared for backlash, and to bring it to a vote quickly.


title: Dick DeVos

text: MSNBC reported in December 2012 that the Mackinac Public Policy Center, which had played a major role in the passage of right-to-work in Michigan, was funded mainly by the Charles G. Koch Foundation and the Dick and Betsy DeVos Foundation. Despite the national fame of the Koch brothers,


title: Dick DeVos

text: noted MSNBC, "among Michigan power brokers, DeVos might well be the bigger name." Since losing his 2006 run for governor, he had "worked to exert influence from the outside."


title: Dick DeVos

text: Dick DeVos is President of the Dick and Betsy DeVos Foundation, a Grand Rapids-area foundation that has donated millions of dollars to civic, artistic, religious, educational, community and free-market economic organizations since 1990. Among its grantees are Kids Hope USA; the Helen DeVos Children's Hospital; the West Michigan Aviation Academy; the Regional Air Alliance of West Michigan; Mars Hill Bible Church; Potter's House; Grand Rapids Christian Schools; the Thunderbird School of Global Management; Willow Creek Association; ArtPrize Grand Rapids; the Education Freedom Fund; the Hugh Michael Beahan Foundation; Children First America; Florida P.R.I.D.E; New Urban Living; Rehoboth Christian School; Calvin College; Princeton University; Davenport University; Grove City College; Hope College; Little Star Inc.; the American Education Reform Council; and Choices for Children.


title: Dick DeVos

text: In the fall of 2010, DeVos opened the West Michigan Aviation Academy, the nation's first aviation public charter high school.


title: Dick DeVos

text: A March 2010 article reported that the idea for the school had been Betsy DeVos's. "DeVos said she was thinking about the couple's interest in education and her husband Dick's love of flying. 'I said, "Why don't you combine both of these passions—a passion for education, for kids and a passion for flying—in a school."'" The academy is located on the grounds of the Gerald R. Ford International Airport. "There are aviators all over this community," Dick DeVos told a reporter. "It's fascinating how many aviators there are who have already expressed a desire to be involved with this program and to bring the aviation component to it. That is going to be a big job to weave aviation throughout the entire basic curriculum. We've made a commitment to do that."


title: Dick DeVos

text: In answer to the question of why it was a charter school, DeVos explained that "Charter schools are available to everyone... A charter school is a public school and therefore there's no tuition. So every student would have the possibility of going to this school at no cost and we think that's very, very important—to reach across the entire West Michigan community to be sure that every child has an opportunity to attend this school." He added that "This is the kind of school that I would have loved to have had if I was a kid." He told a reporter for the Grand Rapids Press: "If you're the kind of person who can't help but look up when you hear a plane overhead, then you're exactly the kind of person who will love this school...I have just a joy of flying...The world is such a different place when you can see it from 5,000 feet. I want young people to experience something that might broaden their world."


title: Dick DeVos

text: The Dick and Betsy DeVos Foundation has supported ArtPrize, an art competition in Grand Rapids, since 2009.


title: Dick DeVos

text: In 2010 Betsy and Dick DeVos committed $22.5 million to the Kennedy Center Institute of Arts Management, which was thereupon renamed the DeVos Institute of Arts Management at the Kennedy Center. It offers "practical training to arts managers and board members on stages of professional development in the United States and around the world"; its centerpiece is the "Capacity Building programs, which offer technical assistance to arts managers and their boards through seminars, web chats, and on-site consultations." The gift was the largest private donation in the Kennedy Center's history and part was to be spent on arts groups in Michigan hit hard by the recession.


title: Dick DeVos

text: The foundation has also given money to organizations that promote free-market economics, such as the Grand Rapids-based Acton Institute; the Heritage Foundation; and the Hudson Institute. Also the DeVos family has contributed much to Northwood University in Midland, Michigan. This includes various donations of scholarships, buildings and uncountable financial donations.


title: Dick DeVos

text: support entering MA, MS, or MBA students at the Thunderbird School of Global Management, particularly those from developing nations.


title: Dick DeVos

text: The DeVoses have also established an annual scholarship, called the Betsy and Dick DeVos Scholars for Free Enterprise and Entrepreneurship Scholarship, which is awarded to students who wish to earn a BBA or combined BBA/MBA at Northwood University.


title: Dick DeVos

text: An account of the Grand Action project explains that while authorities in Detroit kept initiating "one master project after another" that was supposed to solve that city's problems, and that never did, Grand Rapids was different, because its "business leaders painstakingly set goals, aligned with government officials, generated support, and empowered key players." DeVos was at the center of this effort. In 1991, he "convened a group of more than 50 community and civic leaders to begin the process of revitalizing downtown" under the name of Grand Vision, later Grand Action.


title: Dick DeVos

text: Plans were made "for an entertainment and sports arena and the expansion of local convention facilities." After conducting "a feasibility and economic-impact analysis," DeVos worked with two local bankers to set the plan in motion. Among the fruits of this effort were a new sports arena, a new convention center, a new J.W. Marriott Hotel, the renovation of the Civic Theater (renamed the Meijer Majestic Theater), a new art museum, and a new civic gardens and sculpture park, two new satellite campuses for Grand Valley State University, and a new institute for biomedical research. "It's this kind of planning, a continual reinvention with clear goals," wrote a CNN journalist, "that has been lacking in Detroit."


title: Dick DeVos

text: DeVos and his wife contributed money to help fund a $500,000, 18-month private study of Lake Macatawa pollution sources, according to a June 2011 article. The study would "use DNA fingerprinting technology pioneered recently at Michigan State University to identify specific sources of E. coli in different areas of the lake. A second part of the study will look at sources of sediment and the contaminants it carries." "We are fortunate to have skilled scientists, committed conservationists and highly qualified academicians in West Michigan addressing this problem," DeVos told the "Sentinel". "Threats to water quality are threats to public health and safety, and the people of Holland cannot afford to wait until 2017 for action."


title: Dick DeVos

text: DeVos is the author of the 1998 book "Rediscovering American Values". Published by E.P. Dutton, it contains a foreword by former President Gerald R. Ford. Publishers Weekly described it as follows: "Drawing on inspirational anecdotes taken from a cross section of the population, he describes how people have bettered themselves both morally and in their careers by practicing such values as honesty, compassion, self-discipline, initiative, hard work, charity and forgiveness. An unrelenting optimist, DeVos is convinced that people can solve most of their problems by taking personal responsibility." The book was a "New York Times" best seller.


title: Dick DeVos

text: In September 2010, the Spectrum Health Foundation presented DeVos with its Art of Giving Award at its annual celebration of philanthropy.


title: Dick DeVos

text: DeVos and his wife have four children: Richard Marvin (Rick) III, Elisabeth (Elissa), Andrea, and Ryan, and eight grandchildren. Their son, Rick, is the founder and chairman of ArtPrize, a world-renowned art competition in Grand Rapids, Michigan.


title: Dick DeVos

text: DeVos and his wife have homes in Grand Rapids and Ada, Michigan. They also own three houses in Windsor, Florida, a development at the northern end of Vero Beach, 80 miles north of Palm Beach. They bought a lot there in 1997 and bought another one later. They now have a compound consisting of two houses, plus another house elsewhere in Windsor, where they spend several weeks a year. In addition, they have a vacation home in Holland, Michigan, on the shore of Lake Macatawa. DeVos bought the property from his father in 2009.


title: My Hero Academia (season 2)

text: The second season of the "My Hero Academia" anime series was produced by Bones and directed by Kenji Nagasaki, with Yōsuke Kuroda handling series composition, Yoshihiko Umakoshi providing character designs and Yuki Hayashi composed the music. Like the first season, it adapts Kōhei Horikoshi's original manga series of the same name from the rest of the 3rd volume through the end of the 8th volume over 25 episodes. It covers the ""U.A. Sports Festival"" (chapters 22–44), ""Vs. Hero Killer"" (chapters 45–59), and ""Final Exams"" arcs (chapters 60–69), with the exception of episode 13.5 (recap) and chapter 70 (which is the separate storyline from the season arcs).


title: My Hero Academia (season 2)

text: The season follows Izuku Midoriya, who had given a chance to show off his Quirk along with his classmates for Pro Heroes to hire them as internships. Later, things are getting worse in Hosu City as the Hero Killer: Stain appears which led to a confrontation with the League of Villains. Then, the Class 1-A students facing off against their teachers in combat during the final exam.


title: My Hero Academia (season 2)

text: The season ran from April 1 to September 30, 2017, on ytv and NTV in Japan, and Toho released the season on DVD and Blu-ray in eight compilations, each containing two to four episodes, between July 19, 2017, and February 14, 2018. Funimation licensed the season for an English-language release in North America and released it in two compilations on April 3 and June 5, 2018. Like the previous season, FunimationNow, Crunchyroll and Hulu are streaming the season outside of Asia as it airs. Animax Asia is simulcasting the season in the same day it airs. Funimation's adaptation ran from August 11, 2018, to February 24, 2019, on Adult Swim's Toonami block.


title: My Hero Academia (season 2)

text: The second season makes use of four pieces of theme music: two opening themes and two ending themes. The first opening theme, used for the first thirteen episodes, is performed by Kenshi Yonezu and the first ending theme is , performed by Little Glee Monster. For the rest of the season, the second opening theme is performed by amazarashi and the ending theme is by LiSA.


title: My Hero Academia (season 2)

text: Toho released the second season of the anime on DVD and Blu-ray in eight volumes in Japan, with the first volume being released on July 19, 2017, and the final volume being released on February 14, 2018.


title: My Hero Academia (season 2)

text: Funimation released the series in North America in two volumes, with the first volume being released on April 3, 2018, and the second volume released on June 5, 2018. Both volumes received a limited edition combo release, a standard edition combo release, and a standard edition DVD release. Sony Pictures UK distributed the series in the United Kingdom and Ireland, and released the series on standard edition DVD and Blu-ray volumes on April 2, 2018, and June 11, 2018. Manga Entertainment later released the series in the United Kingdom and Ireland for Funimation as a complete set on September 21, 2020. Universal Sony distributed the series in Australia and New Zealand, and initially released the series in limited edition volumes on May 9, 2018, and June 13, 2018, and on standard edition volumes on August 15, 2018. Funimation later released the series in Australia and New Zealand through Madman Entertainment, with the combo releases for part 1 and 2 being scheduled for December 4, 2019.


title: Bisque (food)

text: Bisque is a smooth, creamy, highly seasoned soup of French origin, classically based on a strained broth (coulis) of crustaceans. It can be made from lobster, langoustine, crab, shrimp or crayfish. Alongside chowder, bisque is one of the most popular seafood soups.


title: Bisque (food)

text: The term 'bisque' is also sometimes used to refer to cream-based soups that do not contain seafood, in which the pre-cooked ingredients are pureed or processed in a food processor or a food mill. Common varieties include squash, tomato, mushroom, and red pepper.


title: Bisque (food)

text: Bisque is a method of extracting flavor from imperfect crustaceans not good enough to send to market. In an authentic bisque, the shells are ground to a fine paste and added to thicken the soup. Julia Child even remarked, "Do not wash anything off until the soup is done because you will be using the same utensils repeatedly and you don't want any marvelous tidbits of flavor losing themselves down the drain." Bisques are thickened with rice, which can either be strained out, leaving behind the starch, or pureed during the final stages.


title: Coming Home in the Dark

text: Coming Home in the Dark is a 2021 New Zealand psychological-thriller film based on a 1995 short-story of the same name by Owen Marshall. Directed by James Ashcroft and written by Eli Kent with James Ashcroft, the film stars Daniel Gillies, Erik Thomson, Miriama McDowell and Matthias Luafutu. The film premiered at the 2021 Sundance Film Festival on January 31, 2021.


title: Coming Home in the Dark

text: A school teacher, Alan 'Hoaggie' Hoaganraad, is on a road trip with his wife Jill and their two teenage sons, Maika and Jordan. While hiking, Maika notices two men in the distance watching them before disappearing. While the family picnics by the road, they are interrupted by the two violent drifters, Mandrake and Tubs. The pair robs them at gunpoint and forces them to lie down, but before they leave, Mandrake overhears Maika call Alan 'Hoaggie'. Mandrake suddenly murders Maika and Jordan and abducts the parents after night falls, breaking Alan's arm and knocking Jill unconscious.


title: Coming Home in the Dark

text: As Mandrake questions the pair, he reveals that he knows Alan is a teacher and was once an assistant teacher at a group home for troubled boys, one notorious for physical and sexual abuse. Alan guesses correctly that both were enrolled at the school, but he insists that he was completely unaware of the abuse; Mandrake does not believe him and implies that they are driving to the boy's home. When they stop at a gas station, Alan attempts to secretly alert the station attendant, however Mandrake suspects this and kills the attendant by bludgeoning him with a fire extinguisher. Alan pretends to accidentally hit himself with the door while entering the car but as he kneels next to the car to "recover" he presses a nail into the back left tire.


title: Coming Home in the Dark

text: Jill attempts to escape, but is quickly caught and later forced to kneel underneath an overpass. Threatening to shoot her, Mandrake forces Alan to admit that he was aware of all of the abuse, but stopped and reported nothing out of cowardice. Alan relays a story of a young boy who tattooed a swastika on his arm; at roll call, an admin painfully and forcibly scrubbed it from his skin with a nylon brush, which traumatized the rest of the students. Jill is shaken by this admittance, and later rebuffs Alan's attempts at contact. When it's clear that Mandrake will not let her go, she escapes from the moving vehicle and then chooses to jump into the nearby river rather than return to her abductors; her fate is left ambiguous.


title: Coming Home in the Dark

text: Alan briefly escapes when they stop to replace the tire Alan pressed a nail into, and reaches a car with a group of teenagers, however Mandrake finds them and convinces them to force Alan out of the car, before murdering them all but one, who manages to escape. With Alan recaptured, they finally reach an old boarding school, presumably where Mandrake and/or Tubs grew up.


title: Coming Home in the Dark

text: Walking through the now-abandoned building, Alan admits that he was not just a coward, but also privately believed that the boy with the tattoo deserved his punishment. Believing Mandrake to be that boy, he apologizes for not stepping in. Mandrake reveals that the boy wasn't him. He then shoots Alan in the chest and taunts him, but Alan hits him with a rock and bludgeons him. Mandrake survives, though wounded and disoriented, and tries but fails to kill Alan. Tubs, who Alan had talked to a few times implying that he only does what Mandrake tells him to, likening that behaviour to still being in a boarding school, arrives and kills Mandrake with the rifle. He leaves the heavily wounded Alan, telling him "I hate this place", which is also carved into a stone behind Alan. Flashbacks had revealed that that carving was made by a traumatised boy growing up at that boarding school; whether or not that boy had actually been the tortured one is not explicitly shown. Tubs goes to an undisclosed location and looks out at the rising sun, silently crying.


title: Coming Home in the Dark

text: "Coming Home in the Dark" premiered at the 2021 Sundance Film Festival on January 31, 2021 in the "Midnight" section.


title: Coming Home in the Dark

text: Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a 92% approval rating from 62 reviews and an average rating of 7.0/10. The critical consensus reads: "Smart, well-acted, and above all scary, "Coming Home in the Dark" finds first-time director James Ashcroft making his mark with a white-knuckle ride for horror fans."


title: Biological engineering

text: bioengineering is the application of principles of biology and the tools of engineering to create usable, tangible, economically-viable products. Biological engineering employs knowledge and expertise from a number of pure and applied sciences, such as mass and heat transfer, kinetics, biocatalysts, biomechanics, bioinformatics, separation and purification processes, bioreactor design, surface science, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and polymer science. It is used in the design of medical devices, diagnostic equipment, biocompatible materials, renewable energy, ecological engineering, agricultural engineering, process engineering and catalysis, and other areas that improve the living standards of societies.


title: Biological engineering

text: Examples of bioengineering research include bacteria engineered to produce chemicals, new medical imaging technology, portable and rapid disease diagnostic devices, prosthetics, biopharmaceuticals, and tissue-engineered organs. Bioengineering overlaps substantially with biotechnology and the biomedical sciences in a way analogous to how various other forms of engineering and technology relate to various other sciences (such as aerospace engineering and other space technology to kinetics and astrophysics).


title: Biological engineering

text: In general, biological engineers attempt to either mimic biological systems to create products, or to modify and control biological systems. Working with doctors, clinicians, and researchers, bioengineers use traditional engineering principles and techniques to address biological processes, including ways to replace, augment, sustain, or predict chemical and mechanical processes.


title: Biological engineering

text: Biological engineering is a science-based discipline founded upon the biological sciences in the same way that chemical engineering, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering can be based upon chemistry, electricity and magnetism, and classical mechanics, respectively.


title: Biological engineering

text: Before WWII, biological engineering had begun being recognized as a branch of engineering and was a new concept to people. Post-WWII, it grew more rapidly, and the term "bioengineering" was coined by British scientist and broadcaster Heinz Wolff in 1954 at the National Institute for Medical Research. Wolff graduated that year and became the director of the Division of Biological Engineering at the university. This was the first time Bioengineering was recognized as its own branch at a university. Electrical engineering was the early focus of this discipline, due to work with medical devices and machinery during this time.


title: Biological engineering

text: When engineers and life scientists started working together, they recognized that the engineers didn't know enough about the actual biology behind their work. To resolve this problem, engineers who wanted to get into biological engineering devoted more time to studying the processes of biology, psychology, and medicine.


title: Biological engineering

text: More recently, the term biological engineering has been applied to environmental modifications such as surface soil protection, slope stabilization, watercourse and shoreline protection, windbreaks, vegetation barriers including noise barriers and visual screens, and the ecological enhancement of an area. Because other engineering disciplines also address living organisms, the term biological engineering can be applied more broadly to include agricultural engineering.


title: Biological engineering

text: The first biological engineering program in the United States was started at University of California, San Diego in 1966. More recent programs have been launched at MIT and Utah State University. Many old agricultural engineering departments in universities over the world have re-branded themselves as "agricultural and biological engineering" or "agricultural and biosystems engineering". According to Professor Doug Lauffenburger of MIT, biological engineering has a broad base which applies engineering principles to an enormous range of size and complexities of systems, ranging from the molecular level (molecular biology, biochemistry, microbiology, pharmacology, protein chemistry, cytology, immunology, neurobiology and, neuroscience) to cellular and tissue-based systems (including devices and sensors), to whole macroscopic organisms (plants, animals), and even to biomes and ecosystems.


title: Biological engineering

text: The average length of study is three to five years, and the completed degree is signified as a bachelor of engineering (B.S. in engineering). Fundamental courses include thermodynamics, biomechanics, biology, genetic engineering, fluid and mechanical dynamics, chemical and enzyme kinetics, electronics, and materials properties.


title: Biological engineering

text: Depending on the institution and particular definitional boundaries employed, some major branches of bioengineering may be categorized as (note these may overlap):


title: Tedy Bruschi

text: Tedy Lacap Bruschi (; born June 9, 1973) is a former professional American football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) for 13 seasons, who currently serves as the senior advisor to the head coach at University of Arizona. He played college football for the University of Arizona, and was a two-time consensus All-American. He was drafted by the New England Patriots in the third round of the 1996 NFL Draft, and played his entire professional career with the Patriots. Bruschi won three Super Bowls and was a two-time second-team All-Pro selection.


title: Tedy Bruschi

text: Bruschi was born in San Francisco, California. His paternal grandparents were from Bedonia in Italy (specifically, the frazione of Bruschi di Sopra), while his mother is of Filipino ancestry. He attended Roseville High School in Roseville, California, where he lettered in high school football, wrestling and track and field (shot put). He was an all-conference selection as a defensive tackle for the Roseville Tigers.


title: Tedy Bruschi

text: Bruschi attended the University of Arizona, where he played for the Arizona Wildcats football team from 1991 to 1995. In his four-year college career, he compiled 185 total tackles (137 solos), with 74 tackles for losses, six fumbles and recovered five others and tied the NCAA Division I-A sack record with 52 sacks. He was recognized as a consensus first-team All-American in 1994 and 1995, and won the 1995 Morris Trophy as the Pacific-10 Conference's best defensive lineman.


title: Tedy Bruschi

text: In 1991, he missed the first three games of the season due to a pinched nerve in his neck. He returned and started two games as a true freshman, but suffered a broken left thumb and was redshirted. In 1992, he played strongside outside linebacker prior to his transition to the defensive line in 1993 and started just one of 12 games and still managed to post 4.5 sacks for the season. In 1993, he earned second-team All-America honors after setting a school record with 19 sacks as a sophomore, received first-team All-Pac-10 honors, and was named the Wildcats' most valuable player. His 27.5 tackles for losses and 19 sacks in 1993 were each career highs. In 1994, he was one of four finalists for the Lombardi Award and again was a first-team All-Pac-10 selection. He totaled 39 tackles, including 10 sacks and 15 tackles for losses. In 1995, he totaled 60 tackles (48 solos), including 18.5 sacks and 22.5 tackles for losses. Bruschi was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 2013.


title: Tedy Bruschi

text: The New England Patriots selected Bruschi in the third round (86th overall) of the 1996 NFL Draft. Coming into the draft he was listed at 6'0 250 pounds and was considered too small to be a defensive end but was a good size to be a linebacker, which is the position that the New England coaches moved him to.


title: Tedy Bruschi

text: He played for the Patriots from to . Bruschi never used an agent during his time with the New England Patriots.


title: Tedy Bruschi

text: In 1996, he played in every game as a rookie, a pass rush specialist who played on many special teams units and finished the season with 11 tackles, including four sacks. He ranked third on the team with 17 special teams tackles, and ran a blocked punt back for a TD in October. Bruschi recorded two sacks in Super Bowl XXXI against the Green Bay Packers, just one shy of the Super Bowl record (Reggie White, 3.0). In 1997, he saw action in every game for the second consecutive season and posted 30 defensive tackles, including four sacks, and added 13 special teams stops. His four sacks and 13 special teams tackles each ranked third on the team, and he also forced two fumbles, and recovered one. In 1998, Bruschi played in every game for the third consecutive year and started the last eight games of the season, including the Patriots wild-card playoff game in Jacksonville (January 3, 1999). He finished fourth on the team with a career-high 81 tackles, including a pair of sacks.


title: Tedy Bruschi

text: In 1999, he started 14 games at outside linebacker and recorded a career-high 138 total tackles, including two sacks. Bruschi finished second on the team in tackles, despite missing two games due to a right knee sprain. He made his first career interception, one of six passes defensed on the year. 2000 saw Bruschi start all 16 games at weakside linebacker and finished with 105 tackles (68 solos). It was his second consecutive season with over 100 tackles. In 2001, he started nine of 15 regular season games at linebacker and finished third on the team with 73 tackles. He was credited with two sacks, forced three fumbles, recovering one, and two interceptions.


title: Tedy Bruschi

text: In 2002, Bruschi was voted a defensive captain for the season by his teammates. He ranked seventh on the team with 65 tackles (45 solos) despite missing five games due to injury. He returned two interceptions for touchdowns (at Oakland, November 17, and at Detroit, November 28), the seventh time a Patriot interceptor has reached the end zone twice in a single season and the first time a linebacker has accomplished the feat. In 2003 he started all 16 games at inside linebacker as one of four defensive players to start all 16 games and he was voted a defensive captain for the season by his teammates. He ranked second on the team with 137 tackles (87 solo) and finished third on the team with 16 pass defenses. He was named AFC Defensive Player of the Week in Weeks Two and 14. In the 2004 regular season, Bruschi finished second on the team with 122 tackles (84 solo) and tied for second on the team with three interceptions. His solid play continued in the playoffs, where he finished second on the squad with 23 tackles (18 solo) and added a sack, an interception, a forced fumble and two fumble recoveries. Bruschi was named the AFC Defensive Player of the Week three times in 2004: Weeks 4 and 17 and in the Divisional Playoffs, when he forced a fumble and recovered two fumbles as the Patriots defense held the highly regarded Colts offense to just three points.


title: Tedy Bruschi

text: On February 15, 2005, at age 31 and just three days after playing in the 2005 Pro Bowl, Bruschi woke up with symptoms including left sided numbness, weakness, and vision problems. He was taken to Massachusetts General Hospital, where he diagnosed with an ischemic stroke, caused by a blocked artery in the brain. He was found to have a patent foramen ovale, a congenital heart defect that leaves a small hole in the wall separating the left and right atria of the heart. After several months of rehabilitation working with Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital in Boston, Bruschi announced he would sit out the 2005 NFL season.


title: Tedy Bruschi

text: On October 16, 2005, the Patriots announced that Bruschi had been medically cleared to resume playing football; he rejoined the team on the practice field three days later. The Patriots officially activated him on October 29, and he played the following night against the Buffalo Bills; ESPN's broadcast of the game had several features and interviews on Bruschi's return. Following the game, Bruschi was named AFC Defensive Player of the Week. Bruschi played most of the remaining games that season, except for the final regular season game against Miami and the first playoff game against Jacksonville. Bruschi was named the 2005 NFL Comeback Player of the Year, an honor he shared with Carolina Panthers wide receiver Steve Smith.


title: Tedy Bruschi

text: At the start of training camp, Bruschi broke his right scaphoid bone which he had surgery on August 8. He was listed as questionable, and didn't play in the first game of the 2006 season against the Buffalo Bills. Bruschi was voted a defensive captain by his teammates and started the final 14 games at linebacker. He finished first on the team with 124 tackles. In the 2006 playoffs, Bruschi led the Patriots with 24 tackles (16 solo), marking the highest playoff tackle total of his career. He also led the team with 23 tackles (15 solo) in the 2007 playoffs. In 2007, he played in and started all 16 regular-season games for the fourth time in his career and was voted a defensive captain for the 2007 season. He tied a single-game career high with a two-sack performance against the Cleveland Browns on October 7, 2007, and ran his career total to 30.5 sacks, becoming the 13th player in Patriots' history to reach that milestone. Also he led the team in tackles (99) and solo tackles (69) in 2007. In 2008, he played in 13 games, starting 12, and was named a defensive captain by his teammates for the seventh season.


title: Tedy Bruschi

text: Bruschi was the first player in NFL history to return four consecutive interceptions for touchdown and his career total of four interceptions returned for touchdowns ranks second in Patriots history. He is tied for fourth in NFL history among linebackers, and Bruschi is the only Patriots linebacker to return multiple interceptions for touchdowns in a single season (2002 and 2003). Additionally, since 2002 Bruschi's defensive play has created seven defensive touchdowns. He scored four of those touchdowns on interception returns (two in both 2002 and 2003), forced two fumbles that were picked up and returned for touchdowns (October 3 and November 28, 2004), and tipped a pass that was intercepted by James Sanders and returned for a touchdown (December 11, 2005). This is in addition to his first career touchdown at Baltimore (October 6, 1996) when Bruschi recovered a blocked punt by Larry Whigham and returned it four yards for a touchdown, making 8 total touchdowns to which Bruschi contributed.


title: Tedy Bruschi

text: On the August 30, 2009 broadcast of "Sunday Night Football", Al Michaels reported that Bruschi would announce his retirement after 13 seasons in the NFL. Bruschi confirmed his retirement on August 31, 2009 at a press conference alongside New England Patriots head coach Bill Belichick and owner Robert Kraft. During this broadcast, Bruschi described how fulfilled he felt in completing his 13 years of playing football. He described how it felt to know that he had reached all of the goals he wanted to reach.


title: Tedy Bruschi

text: One writer speculated that Bruschi retired from the Patriots in the 2009 preseason, rather than being cut/released by coach Bill Belichick before the 2009 season.


title: Tedy Bruschi

text: Bruschi has indicated that he would prefer that his number not be retired. It was worn by six-time Pro Bowl guard Brian Waters in 2011. Starting in 2012, his number 54 is now worn by Dont'a Hightower. The New England Patriots held a special ceremony in Bruschi's honor during halftime on "Monday Night Football" on December 6, 2010.


title: Tedy Bruschi

text: On May 21, 2013, Bruschi was voted by fans as the 19th player to enter the New England Patriots Hall of Fame. Bruschi's Patriots Hall of Fame induction ceremony took place during halftime of a Thursday Night Football game between New England and the New York Jets on September 12, 2013.


title: Tedy Bruschi

text: Bruschi is of Filipino and Italian descent. An accomplished saxophonist, Bruschi has played with the Boston Pops. Bruschi is one of three children. His stepfather, Ron Sandys, was a professional tennis player.


title: Tedy Bruschi

text: In 2007, Bruschi wrote "Never Give Up: My Stroke, My Recovery, and My Return to the NFL", a book about his experience with his stroke and his recovery. In his memoir, Bruschi speaks with candor about how his family confronted the reality of his life-threatening affliction, of his initial plans to retire from the NFL, and of the moment he told his wife he was ready to return to football, earning him a share of the Comeback Player of the Year Award and the Patriots recipient of the Ed Block Courage Award.


title: Tedy Bruschi

text: Bruschi is a spokesman for the American Heart Association and founded Tedy's Team, a foundation to raise funds for stroke research, inspired by Bruschi's own experience.


title: Tedy Bruschi

text: In 2007, Bruschi was named to NFL.com's All-Interview Team for accessibility to the media. In 2006, he won the Senator Paul E. Tsongas Award for Exemplary Public Service. In 2005, he was the Associated Press NFL Co-Comeback Player of the Year and was voted the Ed Block Courage Award, the Maxwell Football Club's Spirit Award and the AFC Defensive Player of the Week (Week 8) and NFL.com's All-Interview Team as well as USA Today's All-Joe Team. In 2004, he made the AFC Pro Bowl and Second-Team Associated Press All-Pro and was on NFL.com's All-Interview Team.


title: Tedy Bruschi

text: On July 5, 2019, it was reported through his foundation, Tedy's Team, that Bruschi had suffered a second stroke.


title: Linda Cristal

text: Marta Victoria Moya Peggo Burges (23 February 1931 – 27 June 2020), known professionally as Linda Cristal (), was an Argentinian actress. She appeared in a number of Western films during the 1950s, before winning a Golden Globe Award for her performance in the 1958 comedy film "The Perfect Furlough".


title: Linda Cristal

text: From 1967 to 1971, Cristal starred as Victoria Cannon in the NBC series "The High Chaparral". For her performance she won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama in 1970, and received two Emmy Award nominations.


title: Linda Cristal

text: Rumored to be the daughter of a French father and an Italian mother (however, documents indicate they were Spanish: Antonio Moya and Rosario P.), Cristal was born in Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina on 23 February 1931. Her father was a publisher who moved the family to Montevideo, Uruguay due to political issues. She was educated at the Conservatorio Franklin in Uruguay.


title: Linda Cristal

text: Cristal appeared in films in Argentina and Mexico before taking on her first English-language role as Margarita in the 1956 Western film "Comanche". Following her Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year in "The Perfect Furlough" (1958), Cristal went on to roles in "Cry Tough" (1959), "Legions of the Nile" (1959), "The Pharaohs' Woman" (1960), and was asked by John Wayne to play the part of Flaca in his epic "The Alamo" (1960). In 1961 she had a key role in the western "Two Rode Together".


title: Linda Cristal

text: Along with these and other film roles, Cristal appeared in episodes of network television series. She played a kidnapped Countess opposite Eric Fleming and Clint Eastwood in a 1959 episode of "Rawhide". She also had a role as a female matador in NBC's "The Tab Hunter Show". She also appeared in a 1964 episode, "City Beneath the Sea", on "Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea" and numerous other television episodes.


title: Linda Cristal

text: Cristal semi-retired in 1964 to raise her two children. She was coaxed out of retirement when she became the last cast member to be added as a regular on the NBC series "The High Chaparral" (1967-1971). Her performance in the series, as Victoria Cannon, earned her two more Golden Globe nominations (winning Best Actress - Television Drama in 1968) and two Emmy Award nominations.


title: Linda Cristal

text: Cristal worked sparingly after "The High Chaparral", with a few television and film roles, such as the film "Mr. Majestyk" (1974) and the television miniseries "Condominium" (1980). She last appeared in the starring role of Victoria "Rossé" Wilson on the Argentine television series "Rossé" (1985).


title: Linda Cristal

text: Cristal's 1950 marriage was annulled after five days. On 24 April 1958, in Pomona, California, she married Robert Champion, a businessman. They divorced on 9 December 1959. In 1960, she married Yale Wexler, a former actor who worked in real estate. They divorced in December 1966.


title: Constructive dismissal

text: In employment law, constructive dismissal, also called constructive discharge or constructive termination, occurs when an employee resigns as a result of the employer creating a hostile work environment. Since the resignation was not truly voluntary, it is, in effect, a termination. For example, when an employer places extraordinary and unreasonable work demands on an employee to obtain their resignation, this can constitute a constructive dismissal.


title: Constructive dismissal

text: The exact legal consequences differ between different countries, but generally a constructive dismissal leads to the employee's obligations ending and the employee acquiring the right to make claims against the employer.


title: Constructive dismissal

text: The employee may resign over a single serious incident or over a pattern of incidents. Generally, a party seeking relief must have resigned soon after an unreasonable situation was imposed.


title: Constructive dismissal

text: In the United States, constructive discharge is a general term describing the involuntary resignation of an employee. There is no single federal or state law against constructive dismissal in general. From a legal standpoint, it occurs when an employee is forced to resign because of intolerable working conditions which violate employment legislation, such as:


title: Constructive dismissal

text: The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission has provided a 3-part test to determine whether or not a constructive discharge has occurred: (1) a reasonable person in the complainant's position would have found the working conditions intolerable; (2) conduct that constituted discrimination against the complainant created the intolerable working conditions; and (3) the complainant's involuntary resignation resulted from the intolerable working conditions.


title: Constructive dismissal

text: "In order to establish a constructive discharge, an employee must plead and prove, by the usual preponderance of the evidence standard, that the employer either intentionally created or knowingly permitted working conditions that were so intolerable or aggravated at the time of the employee's resignation that a reasonable employer would realize that a reasonable person in the employee's position would be compelled to resign."


title: Constructive dismissal

text: Canadian courts recognize there are circumstances in which the employer, although not acting explicitly to terminate an individual's employment, alters the employment relationship's terms and conditions to such a degree that an employee is entitled to regard the employer's conduct as a termination, and claim wrongful dismissal, just as if they had been let go without any notice or termination pay in lieu of notice.


title: Constructive dismissal

text: Constructive dismissal arises from the failure of the employer to live up to the essential obligations of the employment relationship, regardless of whether the employee signed a written employment contract. Employment law implies into employment relationships a common-law set of terms and conditions applicable to all employees. For example, once agreed upon, wages are implicitly locked in by the common-law of contract as an essential term of the employment relationship. In this regard, it is a constructive dismissal if an employer fails to pay an employee.


title: Constructive dismissal

text: An employer's breach of the employment contract releases the employee from their obligation to perform under the contract, and thus allows them to treat themselves as dismissed without notice. Hence, a constructive dismissal always becomes a wrongful dismissal.


title: Constructive dismissal

text: Typically, the first way to claim constructive dismissal involves an employer making substantial changes to the employment contract, such as:


title: Constructive dismissal

text: In addition, failure on the part of an employer to provide employment standards (e.g. overtime pay, vacation pay, etc.), can result in a constructive dismissal.


title: Constructive dismissal

text: Nevertheless, for an employee to have a successful case for constructive dismissal, the employer's breach must be fundamental. What is "fundamental" depends on the circumstances, and not all changes to the employment relationship give rise to a constructive dismissal. For example, administrative, i.e. non-disciplinary, suspensions might not amount to a constructive dismissal if imposed in good faith and justified by legitimate business reasons (i.e. lack of work). As well, a small reduction in salary, in tough times, and administered rationally, might not be a constructive dismissal.


title: Constructive dismissal

text: An employee may also be able to claim a constructive dismissal based on an employer's conduct, rather than a change to a specific or implied term of the employment contract. Here, the second way to claim constructive dismissal examines whether the employer's (or employee of the employer) course of conduct, or even a single incident, demonstrates an intention to no longer be bound by the written or implied employment contract. An example of this kind of constructive dismissal is a "toxic work environment". In this regard, if a work environment is so poisoned that a reasonable person wouldn't be expected to return, then constructive dismissal is likely.


title: Constructive dismissal

text: A toxic work environment is classically defined as unjustified criticism as well as vague and unfounded accusations of poor performance, especially where authority and respect with co-workers had been seriously undermined and compromised. Another example of toxic work environment is where the employer fails to prevent workplace harassment.


title: Constructive dismissal

text: In United Kingdom law, constructive dismissal is defined by the Employment Rights Act 1996 section 95(1)c:


title: Constructive dismissal

text: Although they tend to blend into one in a tribunal, strictly there are two types of constructive dismissal: statutory and common law.


title: Constructive dismissal

text: At common law the requirement is acceptance of a repudiatory breach, which means the employer has indicated it no longer considers itself bound by an essential term of the contract, e.g. the requirement to pay wages or the requirement not to destroy the mutual bond of trust and confidence. It does not matter if the employer did not mean to repudiate the contract.


title: Constructive dismissal

text: Under statute the requirement is employer's "conduct" allowing the employee to "terminate with or without notice"; as this can only happen with a repudiatory breach it amounts to the same thing.


title: Constructive dismissal

text: A common mistake is to assume that constructive dismissal is exactly the same as unfair treatment of an employee – it can sometimes be that treatment that can be considered generally evenhanded nevertheless makes life so difficult that the employee is in essence forced to resign (e.g., a fair constructive dismissal might be a unilateral change of contract justified by a bigger benefit to the business than the inconvenience to the employee), but the Employment Appeal Tribunal doubts that it will be very often that the employer can breach ERA96 s98(4) whilst being fair.


title: Constructive dismissal

text: A constructive dismissal occurs when the employer's repudiatory breach causes the employee to accept that the contract has been terminated, by resigning. The fairness of it would have to be looked at separately under a statutory claim for unfair dismissal.


title: Constructive dismissal

text: The problems for the employer are that constructive dismissal is a contractual claim, which can be made in a tribunal for up to £25,000 or in court without limit, and, by dismissing constructively, it by definition misses out on the correct procedure meaning that even if the reason was fair, the decision was probably not, and so an unfair dismissal usually arises, creating a statutory claim alongside the contractual claim.


title: Constructive dismissal

text: The court can look behind the lack of, or different, stated reason given by the employee at the time of resignation to establish that a cover story was in fact a resignation caused by fundamental breach.


title: Constructive dismissal

text: The person causing the dismissal does not need the authority to dismiss, as long as they acted in the course of employment.


title: Constructive dismissal

text: A flexibility clause does not allow the employer to change a type of job as it is implied that the flexibility is to operate within the original job.


title: Constructive dismissal

text: A mobility clause is subject to the implied term of mutual trust which prevents the employer from sending an employee to the other side of the country without adequate notice or from doing anything which makes it impossible for the employee to keep his side of the bargain.


title: Constructive dismissal

text: The employee's conduct is irrelevant to liability, although it can affect quantum; in other words it cannot get the employer off the hook, but could reduce compensation if he helped bring about his own downfall.


title: Constructive dismissal

text: Note: unreasonable conduct will not suffice to establish constructive dismissal claim since a repudiatory or fundamental breach of contract must be established.


title: Constructive dismissal

text: The employee has to resign within a reasonable time of the trigger, which is the one-off outrage or the last straw. The employee could work under protest while he or she finds a new job.


title: Constructive dismissal

text: If the employer alleges that the employee waived a breach by not resigning, each breach needs to be looked at to see if it was waived separately, but even if a breach was waived, the last straw revives it for the purpose of determining whether overall there was a repudiation.


title: Constructive dismissal

text: If the employer alleges that the employee has affirmed a breach by not resigning, the employee could point out that no consideration was paid for it and so no contract change has been accepted. Acceptance of a replacement job would prove affirmation.


title: Constructive dismissal

text: An employee who stays on for a year after refusing to sign a new contract does not necessarily accept it.


title: Constructive dismissal

text: The last straw does not have to be similar to the earlier string of events or even unreasonable or blameworthy – it need only be related to the obligation of trust and confidence and enough that when added to the earlier events the totality is a repudiation.


title: Constructive dismissal

text: Although the employer's breach must be serious enough to entitle the employee to resign without notice, the employee is entitled to give notice if they prefer, so that they could enjoy the benefit of wages during the notice period.


title: Constructive dismissal

text: To prevent the employer alleging that the resignation was caused by a job offer, the employee should resign first and then seek a new job during the notice period.


title: Constructive dismissal

text: During the notice period, the employer could make the employee redundant or summarily dismiss them, if it has the grounds to do so fairly. Otherwise, the reason for termination will be resignation and not dismissal, since the employee cannot serve a counternotice.


title: Folsom Prison Blues

text: "Folsom Prison Blues" is a song by American singer-songwriter Johnny Cash. Written in 1953, it was first recorded in 1955 for his debut studio album "Johnny Cash with His Hot and Blue Guitar!" (1957), appearing as the album's eleventh track. The song combines elements from two popular folk styles, the train song and the prison song, both of which Cash continued to use for the rest of his career. It was one of Cash's signature songs. Additionally, this recording was included on the compilation album "All Aboard the Blue Train" (1962). In June 2014, "Rolling Stone" ranked it No. 51 on its list of the 100 greatest country songs of all time.


title: Folsom Prison Blues

text: Cash performed the song live to a crowd of inmates at Folsom State Prison in 1968 for his live album "At Folsom Prison" (1968), released through Columbia Records. This version became a No. 1 hit on the country music charts and reached No. 32 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 in the same year. This version also won the Grammy Award for Best Country Vocal Performance, Male, at the 11th Annual Grammy Awards in 1969.


title: Folsom Prison Blues

text: Cash was inspired to write this song after seeing the movie "Inside the Walls of Folsom Prison" (1951) while serving in West Germany in the United States Air Force at Landsberg, Bavaria (itself the location of a famous prison). Cash recounted how he came up with the line "But I shot a man in Reno, just to watch him die": "I sat with my pen in my hand, trying to think up the worst reason a person could have for killing another person, and that's what came to mind."


title: Folsom Prison Blues

text: Cash took the melody for the song and many of the lyrics from Gordon Jenkins's 1953 "Seven Dreams" concept album, specifically the song "Crescent City Blues". Jenkins was not credited on the original record, which was issued by Sun Records. In the early 1970s, after the song became popular, Cash paid Jenkins a settlement of approximately US$75,000 following a lawsuit.


title: Folsom Prison Blues

text: "Folsom Prison Blues" was recorded at the Sun Studio in Memphis, Tennessee on July 30, 1955. The producer was Sam Phillips, and the musicians were Cash (vocals, guitar), Luther Perkins (guitar), and Marshall Grant (bass). Like other songs recorded during his early Sun Records sessions, Cash had no drummer in the studio, but replicated the snare drum sound by inserting a piece of paper (like a dollar bill) under the guitar strings and strumming the snare rhythm on his guitar. The song's sound has been described as country, rockabilly, and rock and roll. The song was released as a single with another song recorded at the same session, "So Doggone Lonesome". Early in 1956, both sides reached No. 4 on the "Billboard" C&W Best Sellers chart.


title: Folsom Prison Blues

text: When photographer Jim Marshall asked Cash why the song's main character was serving time in California's Folsom Prison after shooting a man in Reno, Nevada, he responded, "That's called poetic license."


title: Folsom Prison Blues

text: Cash opened almost all of his concerts with "Folsom Prison Blues," after greeting the audience with his trademark introduction, "Hello, I'm Johnny Cash," for decades. Cash performed the song at Folsom Prison itself on January 13, 1968, which was recorded and later released as a live album titled "At Folsom Prison". That opening version of the song is more up-tempo than the original Sun recording. According to Michael Streissguth, the cheering from the audience following the line "But I shot a man in Reno / just to watch him die" was added in post-production. According to a special feature on the DVD release of the 2005 biopic "Walk the Line", the prisoners avoided cheering at any of Cash's comments about the prison itself, fearing reprisal from guards. The performance again featured Cash, Perkins and Grant, as on the original recording, together with W.S. Holland (drums).


title: Folsom Prison Blues

text: Released as a single, the live version reached number 1 on the country singles chart, and number 32 on the Hot 100, in 1968. Pitchfork Media placed this live version at number 8 on its list of "The 200 Greatest Songs of the 1960s." The live performance of the song won Cash the Grammy Award for Best Country Vocal Performance, Male, the first of four he won in his career, at the 1969 Grammy Awards.


title: Puer aeternus

text: The phrase comes from , an epic work by the Roman poet Ovid (43 BC – ) dealing with Greek and Roman myths. In the poem, Ovid addresses the child-god Iacchus as "" and praises him for his role in the Eleusinian mysteries. Iacchus is later identified with the gods Dionysus and Eros. The is a god of vegetation and resurrection; the god of divine youth, such as Tammuz, Attis, and Adonis.


title: Puer aeternus

text: Swiss psychiatrist Carl Gustav Jung developed a school of thought called analytical psychology, distinguishing it from the psychoanalysis of Sigmund Freud (1856–1939). In analytical psychology (or "Jungian psychology"), the is an example of what Jung considered an "archetype", one of the "primordial, structural elements of the human psyche."


title: Puer aeternus

text: The shadow of the is the (Latin for 'old man'), associated with the god Cronus—disciplined, controlled, responsible, rational, ordered. Conversely, the shadow of the is the , related to Hermes or Dionysus—unbounded instinct, disorder, intoxication, whimsy.


title: Puer aeternus

text: Like all archetypes, the is bipolar, exhibiting both a "positive" and a "negative" aspect. The "positive" side of the appears as the Divine Child who symbolizes newness, potential for growth, hope for the future. He also foreshadows the hero that he sometimes becomes (e.g. Heracles). The "negative" side is the child-man who refuses to grow up and meet the challenges of life face on, waiting instead for his ship to come in and solve all his problems.


title: Puer aeternus

text: "For the time being one is doing this or that... it is "not yet" what is really wanted, and there is always the fantasy that sometime in the future the real thing will come about... The one thing dreaded throughout by such a type of man is to be bound to anything whatever."


title: Puer aeternus

text: "Common symptoms of psychology are dreams of an imprisonment and similar imagery: chains, bars, cages, entrapment, bondage. Life itself...is experienced as a prison."


title: Puer aeternus

text: When the subject is a female, the Latin term is ', imaged in mythology as the Kore (Greek for 'maiden'). One might also speak of a ' when describing the masculine side of the female psyche, or a when speaking of a man's inner feminine component.


title: Puer aeternus

text: Carl Jung wrote a paper on the , titled "The Psychology of the Child Archetype", contained in Part IV of "The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious" (Collected Works, Vol. 9i). The hero-child aspect and his relationship to the Great Mother is dealt with in chapters 4 and 5 of Part Two of "Symbols of Transformation" (CW, vol. 5).


title: Puer aeternus

text: In his essay "Answer to Job" (also included in "Psychology and Religion: West and East") Jung refers to the as a figure representing the future psychological development of human beings.


title: Puer aeternus

text: "The Problem of the Puer Aeternus" is a book based on a series of lectures that Jungian analyst Marie-Louise von Franz gave at the C.G. Jung Institute, Zurich, during the Winter Semester, 1959–1960. In the first eight of twelve lectures, von Franz illustrates the theme of the puer aeternus by examining the story of The Little Prince from the book of the same name by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. The remaining four lectures are devoted to a study of a German novel by Bruno Goetz, "Das Reich ohne Raum" ('The Kingdom Without Space'), first published in 1919. Of this novel von Franz says:


title: Puer aeternus

text: "Now or Neverland" is a 1998 book written by Jungian analyst Ann Yeoman dealing with the in the form of Peter Pan, one of the most well-known examples of the concept in the modern era. The book is a psychological overview of the eternal boy archetype, from its ancient roots to contemporary experience, including a detailed interpretation of J. M. Barrie's popular 1904 play and 1911 novel.


title: Puer aeternus

text: Peter Pan syndrome is the popular psychology concept of an adult who is socially immature. The category is an informal one invoked by laypeople and some psychology professionals in popular psychology. It is not listed in the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders," and is not recognized by the American Psychiatric Association as a specific mental disorder.


title: Puer aeternus

text: Psychologist Dan Kiley popularized the Peter Pan syndrome in his 1983 book, "The Peter Pan Syndrome: Men Who Have Never Grown Up". His next book, "The Wendy Dilemma" (1984), advises women romantically involved with "Peter Pans" how to improve their relationships.


title: Mi fortuna es amarte

text: Mi fortuna es amarte (English title: "Your Love Is My Fortune") is a Mexican telenovela that aired on Las Estrellas from 8 November 2021 to 13 March 2022. The series is produced by Nicandro Díaz González. It is an adaptation of the Colombian telenovela "La quiero a morir" created by Luis Felipe Salamanca. It stars Susana González and David Zepeda. The telenovela follows Natalia and Vicente, who are forced by life circumstances to live together under the same roof.


title: Mi fortuna es amarte

text: Natalia Robles (Susana González) has dedicated her life to her family. On the eve of celebrating her 20th wedding anniversary, she discovers the betrayal of her husband, Adrián Cantú (Sergio Sendel), who is on the run with Verónica Alanís (Denia Agalianou), Natalia's best friend. Adrián and Verónica have hatched a plan to flee after having scammed the clients of the real estate agency where they are both partners, along with Mario (Carlos de la Mota), Verónica's boyfriend. Adrián leaves Natalia bankrupt. However, in the midst of her situation, she decides to move forward in order to raise her daughters Andrea (Fernanda Urdapilleta) and Regina (Daniela Martínez Caballero).


title: Mi fortuna es amarte

text: On the other hand, Vicente Ramírez (David Zepeda), suffers the loss of his wife Lucía Nieto (Adriana Fonseca), who is killed in a robbery. Vicente's young son Benjamín (André Sebastián González) witnessed the death of his mother and suffers trauma that leaves him speechless. The day after burying Lucía, Vicente is confronted with the surprise that he has been a victim of fraud by Adrián's real estate agency. Natalia and Vicente's lives come together when he arrives at the real estate agency to claim the money that was scammed from them, along with the other creditors. Natalia, on behalf of her husband, and Mario, ask for time to be able to repair the economic damage. Natalia and Vicente will discover that even in the midst of the worst experience, love can always be rescued.


title: Mi fortuna es amarte

text: On 23 June 2021, the telenovela was announced by executive producer Nicandro Díaz González, under the title "El amor cambia de piel". On 6 July 2021 Susana González and David Zepeda were cast in the lead roles. Filming of the telenovela began on 26 August 2021, now titled "Mi fortuna es amarte". Filming concluded in February 2022.


title: RedBus

text: redBus is an Indian online bus ticketing platform, providing ticket booking facility through its website, iOS and Android mobile apps. Headquartered in Bangalore, it connects bus travellers with a network of more than 2000 bus operators, across India, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Peru and Colombia. It claims to have registered over 180 million trips, with a customer base of over 20 million. In 2018, the company achieved a GMV of , with a 70% share in the Indian online bus ticketing segment.


title: RedBus

text: redBus was founded in 2006 by Phanindra Sama, Sudhakar Pasupunuri and Charan Padmaraju, engineers from the Birla Institute of Technology and Science , who also worked together at various organisations before founding the company. With an initial investment of , the founders began operations in 2006, by tying up with various travel agents for seat reservations through the redBus portal. In the same year the company was selected for the TiE Entrepreneurship Acceleration Program and was mentored on several aspects of the business. The company owns BOGDS, a cloud computing service for bus operators, and SeatSeller, a GDS for bus inventory distribution.


title: RedBus

text: In 2014, the company appointed Prakash Sangam as its Chief executive officer, who was earlier the Executive Vice President of Info Edge India (Naukri Group), heading Shiksha.com and Jeevansathi.com.


title: RedBus

text: In 2012, redBus has tied-up with Goa State Road Transport to launch an online ticketing portal powered by redBus’s BOSS. In the same year, the company has announced a partnership with Rajasthan State Road Transport Corporation (RSRTC), following which it starts offering RSRTC bus tickets on the portal. Early in 2019, redBus partnered with Acko General Insurance to offer travel insurance for its users to cover accidents, baggage loss, cancellation and bus-type mismatch. It also partnered with Truecaller, a company popular for its caller ID and spam blocking solutions for mobile devices, to offer bus ticket booking on Android devices. redBus announced a partnership with Google Maps to present travellers with information on busses that ply between cities with the exact time and information on where to board the bus.


title: RedBus

text: June 2019, redBus started ride sharing operations - rPool, across Bengaluru, Pune and Hyderabad. rPool is an eco-smart option that helps ride givers to share(pool) their vehicle to fellow ride takers. It is a part of the overall gig economy.