title: Do Kwon

text: Kwon Do-Hyung (), more commonly known as Do Kwon, is the South Korean co-founder and CEO of Singapore-based Terraform Labs, the parent company of crashed stablecoin TerraUSD and cryptocurrency Luna. TerraUSD and Luna collapsed in May 2022, wiping out almost $45 billion market capitalization in one week and causing hundreds of billions in losses in the larger crypto market. Kwon faces legal and social pressure regarding his role in the Terra crash. Citizens from various jurisdictions — including South Korea, Singapore, and the United States — are taking legal action against Kwon.


title: Do Kwon

text: According to his tweet on 6 September 2021, Do Kwon was born in Seoul, South Korea, on that same day in 1991. He attended high school at Daewon Foreign Language High School in South Korea. After receiving his BS in computer science in 2015 at Stanford University, he transitioned to work briefly as a software engineer for both Microsoft and Apple.


title: Do Kwon

text: Do Kwon co-founded Terraform Labs Pte. Ltd. in January 2018 with entrepreneur Daniel Shin. Later in 2018, Terraform Labs released a cryptocurrency called Luna. Terraform began selling its stablecoin, TerraUSD (UST), in 2020. Terra blockchain, which includes both UST and Luna, had stable mining incentives that were purported to create an elastic monetary policy alongside an efficient fiscal policy to counteract potential low adoption and limited use cases. The UST stablecoin used an algorithm linked to the Luna supply to maintain a value of around $1, unlike other coins that are pegged to cash. The value of Luna eventually reached over $116 in April 2022.


title: Do Kwon

text: During his time at Terraform Labs, Kwon also worked on various blockchain projects, including Mirror, Prism, Astroport, and Anchor. The Mirror token, known as MIR, runs on a decentralized finance platform related to Terra. MIR allows people to disregard current restrictions on stocks and other assets by making it easier to create and trade synthetic versions.


title: Do Kwon

text: Following the crash of sister currencies Luna and TerraUSD in May 2022, Terraform Labs began trading a new cryptocurrency termed Luna 2.0 in June 2022. However, the release of Luna 2.0, now called LUNA on trading platforms, drew pushback from investors and critics. As a result of the crash, TerraUSD and Luna are now referred to as TerraClassicUSD and LUNC, respectively.


title: Do Kwon

text: The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) began an investigation of Terraform Labs in June 2022 to determine if the marketing of the TerraUSD stablecoin violated federal regulations on securities and investment products. Following the crash in May 2022, the SEC investigation seeks to determine whether TerraUSD and its underlying algorithms worked as marketed or if it violated federal investor protection regulations. Despite Terraform Labs being based in Singapore, TerraUSD falls under SEC's regulations as Americans bought the token to fund businesses or seek profit.


title: Do Kwon

text: On 17 May 2022, members of the Korean parliament and government authorities called for a potential parliamentary hearing regarding Terraform Labs and its founder Kwon, citing the lack of regulatory framework as the main reason for the impeded investigation on the events that took place.


title: Do Kwon

text: On 18 May 2022, following investigations led by the National Tax Service of Korea, Terraform Labs founders Kwon and Daniel Shin were asked to pay additional taxes worth approximately $100 million in December 2021. However, the two founders refused to pay on the grounds that the subsidiaries Terraform Labs Pte. Ltd. (Singapore) and Terraform Labs Virgin Islands are not Korean entities. Regardless, the National Tax Service has claimed that since "the founders had made practical management decisions" during their time as official residents in Korea, the transfer of funds between the subsidiaries and their profits made by each entity need to obey Korean jurisdiction.


title: Do Kwon

text: Before the SEC investigation regarding TerraUSD, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission issued a subpoena to Terraform Labs and Kwon in 2021, specifically regarding Terraform Labs' "Mirror Protocol" that designed and offered financial derivatives that virtually "mirrored" listed stocks. Kwon responded by stating that he wouldn't comply with the demands and instead would be suing the SEC. Despite Kwon's attempts to dispute and avoid investigations from the SEC, a U.S. Court hearing in Manhattan in February 2022 ruled in favor of the SEC's right to continue its investigation into Kwon and Terraform Labs. According to documents filed by Kwon at the Supreme Court of Korea's Registry Office, Kwon filed to dissolve the company's Korean entity on 30 April 2022 and was approved on 4 May 2022.


title: Do Kwon

text: Beginning on 9 May 2022, Terraform Labs made headlines after UST started to break its peg to the US dollar. Over the next week, the price of UST plunged to 10 cents, while Luna fell from an all-time high of $119.51 to "virtually zero." The collapse wiped out almost $45 billion of market capitalization in one week.


title: Do Kwon

text: The Terra blockchain began its collapse on 7 May 2022 when several prominent investors sold over $285 million worth of UST. On 8 May 2022, the value of UST hit a low of $0.985, and the Luna Foundation Guard (LFG), created to be a reserve for Luna, loaned a total of $1.5 billion to defend the peg and subside the volatility of UST.


title: Do Kwon

text: With approximately 200,000 South Korean Luna investors harmed by the crash, groups of Korean investors announced that they would be filing a class-action lawsuit against Terraform Labs. The South Korean government also announced that it would pursue Cofounder Kwon on criminal charges. As of 17 May, more than 1,600 investors have signed up for the lawsuit with domestic law firms LKB & Partners LLC and Kisung LLC.


title: Do Kwon

text: In the United States, a class action, Patterson v. TerraForm Labs Pte Ltd. et al., was filed against Kwon and others in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California on 17 June 2022. Briefs are being presented to the United States District Court for the Northern District of California under the counsel of Scott + Scott Attorneys at Law LLP, The Rosen Law Firm PA, Kahn Swick Foti LLP, and Bragar Eagel & Squire P.C., accusing Do Kwon and Terraform Labs of soliciting unregistered securities while misleading investors about their viability.


title: Do Kwon

text: In September 2022, a $56.9 million class action was filed at the High Court of Singapore against Kwon, Terraform Labs, Nikolaos Alexandros Platias and the Luna Foundation Guard.


title: Do Kwon

text: On 21 June 2022, YTN reported that prosecutors were looking to invalidate Kwon's South Korean passport. On 14 September 2022, a South Korean court issued an arrest warrant for Kwon and five others on allegations of violations of Korean capital markets law. The prosecutor's office said all six individuals were located in Singapore. On 19 September 2022, the Seoul Southern District Prosecutors' Office said they had begun the procedure to place Kwon on the Interpol red notice list and revoke his passport. In December 2022, South Korean authorities shared their belief that Kwon was hiding in Serbia, as this country doesn't have an extradition treaty with South Korea.


title: Do Kwon

text: Kwon named his daughter Luna, announcing the birth in April 2022 by tweeting, "My dearest creation named after my greatest invention."


title: Do Kwon

text: On 12 May 2022, an individual investor who claims to have lost approximately $2 million allegedly trespassed into Kwon’s high-rise condominium building to demand an apology. As a result, Kwon’s wife filed and requested emergency police protection, and South Korean police began investigating the incident.


title: Do Kwon

text: In October 2022, during an interview with Unchained Podcast, Kwon was asked about the invalidation of his South Korean passport by the South Korean government, to which he responded "Oh, I'm not using it anyway, so it doesn't, I can't see how that makes a difference to me." When asked if he had another passport, Kwon said he wasn't comfortable answering questions related to that or his travel plans.


title: Kingman, Arizona

text: Kingman is a city in, and the county seat of, Mohave County, Arizona, United States. It is named after Lewis Kingman, an engineer for the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad. It is located southeast of Las Vegas, Nevada, and northwest of Arizona's state capital, Phoenix.


title: Kingman, Arizona

text: Lt. Edward Fitzgerald Beale, a U.S. Navy officer in the service of the Army Corps of Topographical Engineers, was ordered by the U.S. War Department to build a federal wagon road across the 35th parallel. His secondary orders were to test the feasibility of the use of camels as pack animals in the Southwestern desert. Beale traveled through the present-day Kingman in 1857 surveying the road and in 1859 to build the road. Beale's Wagon Road became part of U.S. Route 66 and later Interstate 40. Remnants of the wagon road can still be seen in White Cliffs Canyon in Kingman.


title: Kingman, Arizona

text: Kingman was founded in 1882 before statehood, in Arizona Territory. Situated in the Hualapai Valley between the Cerbat and Hualapai mountain ranges, Kingman had its modest beginnings as a simple railroad siding near Beale Springs. Civil engineer Lewis Kingman supervised the building of the railroad from Winslow to Beale Springs. This spring had been used by Native Americans living in the area for centuries.


title: Kingman, Arizona

text: The Mohave County seat was originally located in Mohave City from 1864 to 1867. In 1865, the portion of Arizona Territory west of the Colorado River was transferred to Nevada after Nevada's statehood, and became part of Lincoln County, now Clark County, Nevada. The remaining territory of Pah-Ute County became part of Mohave County. Its seat was moved to Hardyville (now within Bullhead City) in 1867. The county seat transferred to the mining town of Cerbat in 1873, then to Mineral Park near Chloride. After some time, the county seat and all instruments were permanently moved to Kingman in 1887.


title: Kingman, Arizona

text: During World War II, Kingman was the site of a U.S. Army Air Force (USAAF) airfield. The Kingman Army Airfield was founded at the beginning of the war as an aerial gunnery training base. It became one of the USAAF's largest, training some 35,000 soldiers and airmen. The airfield and Kingman played a significant role in this important era of America's history. Following the war, the Kingman Airfield was one of the largest reclamation sites for obsolete military aircraft.


title: Kingman, Arizona

text: Postwar, Kingman experienced growth as several major employers moved into the vicinity. In 1953, Kingman was used to detain those men accused of practicing polygamy in the Short Creek raid, which was at the time one of the largest arrests in American history. In 1955, Ford Motor Company established a proving ground (now one of the Chrysler Proving Grounds) in nearby Yucca at the former Yucca Army Airfield. Several major new neighborhoods in Kingman were developed to house the skilled workers and professionals employed at the proving ground. Likewise, the development of the Mineral Park mine near adjacent Chloride, and construction of the Mohave Generating Station in nearby Laughlin, Nevada, in 1971 contributed to Kingman's population growth. Also, the location of a General Cable plant at the Kingman Airport Industrial Park provided steady employment.


title: Kingman, Arizona

text: The Kingman Explosion, also known as the Doxol Disaster or Kingman BLEVE, was a catastrophic boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE) that occurred on July 5, 1973, during a propane transfer from a Doxol railroad car to a storage tank on the Getz rail siding near Andy Devine Avenue/Route 66.


title: Kingman, Arizona

text: Kingman is in central Mohave County, along Interstate 40 and U.S. Route 93. The city is served by three exits on I-40, which leads east to Flagstaff and southwest to Needles, California. US-93 leads northwest to Las Vegas and southeast to Wickenburg, from Phoenix. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city of Kingman has a total area of , all land.


title: Kingman, Arizona

text: Kingman sits on the eastern edge of the Mojave Desert, but it is located in a cold desert climate (Köppen "BWk") due to its plateau location. Kingman's higher elevation and location between the Colorado Plateau and the Lower Colorado River Valley keeps summer high temperatures away from the extremes ( or more) experienced by Phoenix and the Colorado River Valley. The higher elevation also contributes to winter cold and occasional snowfall. Summer daytime highs reach above frequently, but rarely exceed . Summertime lows usually remain between . Winter highs are generally mild, ranging from around , but winter nighttime lows often fall to freezing, with significantly lower temperatures possible, and occasional snow.


title: Kingman, Arizona

text: The record low temperature in Kingman was set on January 9, 1937, at , and the record high temperature occurred on June 20, 2017, at . The wettest year was 1919 with and the driest year was 1947 with . The most rainfall in one month was in September 1939. The most rainfall in 24 hours was on November 28, 1919. The snowiest year was 1949 with . The most snowfall in one month was in December 1932. On December 31, 2014 and January 1, 2015, Kingman received 6.5 inches of snow. The storm was so significant that it was a contributing factor for closing Interstate 40 at the US 93 Junction for 24 hours.


title: Kingman, Arizona

text: At the 2000 census, there were 20,069 people, 7,854 households and 5,427 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 8,604 housing units at an average density of . The racial make-up of the city was 88.0% White, <0.1% Black or African American, 1.0% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 3.4% from other races and 3.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race comprised 12.2% of the population.


title: Kingman, Arizona

text: There were 7,854 households, of which 30.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.6% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.9% were non-families. 25.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.94.


title: Kingman, Arizona

text: 25.0% of the population were under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64 and 17.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.4 males.


title: Kingman, Arizona

text: The median household income was $34,086 and the median family income was $41,327. Males had a median income of $32,036 and females $21,134. The per capita income was $17,181. About 8.2% of families and 11.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.3% of those under age 18 and 7.9% of those age 65 or over.


title: Kingman, Arizona

text: The city operates under the council-manager form of government. The city council, which is the policymaking and legitimate authority, consists of a mayor, vice-mayor, a five member council and the city manager. The current mayor is Ken Watkins and the vice-mayor seat is currently vacant. The city council consists of five elected officials – councilmembers SueAnn Mello, Jamie Scott Stehly, Deana Nelson, Cherish Sammeli and Keith Walker. The city manager is Ron Foggin. The city attorney is Carl Cooper.


title: Kingman, Arizona

text: The city government also includes boards and commissions that assist the council in decision making. They are the:


title: Kingman, Arizona

text: Arizona State Prison – Kingman, a privately run prison of the Arizona Department of Corrections, is located in unincorporated Mohave County near Kingman.


title: Kingman, Arizona

text: The United States Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management has a field office located in Kingman.


title: Kingman, Arizona

text: According to Kingman's 2019 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:


title: Kingman, Arizona

text: The Kingman Airport is located northeast of Kingman on Arizona State Route 66. The airport was originally built as Kingman Army Air Field during World War II and was the location of the Kingman Aerial Gunnery School. The airport was turned over to Mohave County for civilian use in 1949. There are air ambulance and air charter services, but no commercial flights. The closest commercial airport is Harry Reid International Airport in Paradise, Nevada, approximately northwest of Kingman. The Kingman airport now primarily exists as a location for long-term aircraft storage due to its suitable large ramp space and a long, decommissioned runway. Kingman is a non-towered airport.


title: Kingman, Arizona

text: Located downtown, the Kingman station station has daily services on Amtrak's Amtrak "Southwest Chief" between Los Angeles and Chicago. The historically significant station is constructed in Mission Revival style. Prior to the establishment of Amtrak in 1971, the building had fallen into disrepair. A total renovation was completed in 2010. The station houses a model railroad museum. Amtrak Thruway Motorcoach offers connecting service to Las Vegas.


title: Kingman, Arizona

text: Kingman is located on the Southern Transcon route of the BNSF Railway which is the main transcontinental route between Los Angeles and Chicago, which carries approximately 100 to 150 freight trains per day.


title: Kingman, Arizona

text: In August 2012, the Kingman Terminal Railroad (KGTR) opened at the Kingman Airport Authority and Industrial Park. The KGTR is a short line railroad owned by Patriot Rail. Patriot Rail owns and operates 13 railroads in 13 states across the U.S. The KGTR interchanges with BNSF and delivers to businesses at the industrial park.


title: Kingman, Arizona

text: The City of Kingman operates Kingman Area Regional Transit. Kingman is served by the intercity bus companies Greyhound and TUFESA. FlixBus boards from a stop at 915 W Beale St. Tri-State Shuttle connects Kingman with Harry Reid International Airport in Paradise.


title: Kingman, Arizona

text: Kingman Unified School District (KUSD) consists of 12 schools, ranging from Kindergarten to high school.


title: Calicut International Airport

text: Calicut International Airport , also known as Kozhikode Airport or Karipur Airport, is an international airport located in Karipur, Malappuram district of Kerala, India. It serves the Malabar region of Kozhikode, Malappuram, Wayanad and Palakkad. It is situated 28 kilometers away from Kozhikode city and 25 kilometers away from Malappuram city. It serves two of the seven metropolitan areas in the state - Kozhikode metropolitan area and Malappuram metropolitan area. The airport opened on 13 April 1988. The airport serves as an operating base for Air India Express and operates Hajj Pilgrimage services to Medina and Jeddah from Kerala. It is the twenty first–busiest airport in India in terms of overall passenger traffic and also the sixth-busiest airport in India after Delhi, Mumbai, Kochi, Chennai and Hyderabad in terms of international traffic. It received international airport status on 2 February 2006. It is one of a few airports in the country with a tabletop runway.


title: Calicut International Airport

text: In 1977, Calicut Airport was sanctioned due to long periods of struggle under the leadership of the late freedom fighter K. P. Kesava Menon. In the 1990s, Gulf Malayalis played an important role in the development of the airport - they collected funds for the purpose when the Union Government claimed it did not have any. This led to the inception of the Malabar International Airport Development Society, which helped raise funds for the airport's development. Consequently, major developments of facilities, such as an extension of the runway from 6,000 feet to 9,000 feet to facilitate the operation of large aircraft, were carried out with loans from the HUDCO.


title: Calicut International Airport

text: It received the status of an international airport on 2 February 2006, which led to more development in its infrastructure, for handling the operation of international flights from its terminal. It is the 12th-busiest airport in India in terms of its passenger traffic and 11th-busiest in cargo handling.


title: Calicut International Airport

text: Since 1 May 2015, the Airports Authority of India (AAI) imposed restrictions on the operation of wide-body aircraft such as Boeing 777 and 747 for a period of six months for runway recarpeting, which had been long overdue at this airport. As a result, Emirates, Saudia and two Air India Boeing 747 flight operations had to move temporarily to Cochin International Airport during this time. The airport authorities had expressed doubt about getting permission to operate wide-bodied aircraft from the airport, even after the completion of the recarpeting, for the runway in the airport is not large enough for the operation of jumbo aircraft. AAI had earlier instructed that all airports using widebody aircraft must have 240 m of RESA in each direction, whereas that of Calicut Airport must have 90 m. The airport director K Janardhanan said the short runway was a major hurdle in operating wide-bodied aircraft from the tabletop runway and the runway length should be extended from the current 2,850 m to 3,150 m to operate wide-bodied aircraft, he added. The major hurdle in extending the runway is the delay in acquiring the land which requires a total of of land for extending the runway and associated facilities. The state government has been finding the task difficult, for it requires relocation of 1,500 families living around the airport. As of 10 June 2016, not much action has been taken for land acquisition to help increase the runway length. The AAI decided to get a safety area (RESA) to avoid the aircraft overrunning the end of the table-top runway. On 7 August 2020, wide-body aircraft have been banned from flying to CCJ after the crash of IX 1344, which overran the table-top runway. As of November 2020, the airport does not have the recommended Runway safety area or Engineered Materials Arresting System installed. The land acquisition procedures for runway development are progressing as of July 2022.


title: Calicut International Airport

text: As advocated by various Malayali associations like KMCC, MCC and MDF and others, Gulf Malayalis, political parties, Kerala State Government and MPs from Malabar region, on 9 August 2018, DGCA gave approval for resuming wide-body aircraft (Code E category) operations from Calicut International Airport. In the beginning, Saudia has been given permission to start nonstop flights to Jeddah and Riyadh, Boeing 777-200LR and Airbus A330-300. After three and a half years, the wide-body aircraft (Airbus 330-300) of Saudi Arabian Airlines from Jeddah landed at Calicut International Airport at 11:04 (IST) on 5 December 2018. It flew back to Jeddah on the same day at 13:19 (IST). Saudia has also resumed its services to Riyadh from Calicut in December 2018. On 5 July 2019, Saudi Arabian Airlines flew with the Boeing 777-300ER and Airbus A330-300 to CCJ. DGCA gave approval for wide-body aircraft operations of Air India from Calicut International Airport using Boeing 747-400, Boeing 777-200LR, Boeing 777-300ER, and Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner. Emirates also secured approval from DGCA to operate Boeing 777-200LR and 777-300ER from Calicut. Air India already resumed its service with Boeing 747-400 Jumbo aircraft and with Boeing 777-300 ER aircraft.


title: Calicut International Airport

text: On 7 August 2020, an Air India Express flight overran the runway causing 21 people to perish. As a result, no wide-body aircraft has permission to fly to Calicut Airport, and as of 7 July 2022, runway renovation is in progress.


title: Calicut International Airport

text: Calicut International Airport is located between two National Highways. The closest one is National Highway 966 (NH-966) situated at a distance of 2.3 kilometers and the other one being National Highway 66 (NH-66) which is around 8 kilometers from the airport. NH-966 joins NH-66 at Ramanattukara, located 12 kilometers from the airport. This combined road network enables seamless connectivity to the north to Kozhikode, Kannur, and Wayanad, and towards the south to Malappuram, Palakkad, Thrissur, and Coimbatore.


title: Calicut International Airport

text: Kerala State Road Transport Corporation operates "FlyBus" (low-floor AC bus) services to the city of Kozhikode from the airport. This is one of the cheapest available options to travel to the city. There are only a handful of these services so travelers looking for cheap options to travel can take an Auto-rickshaw to Airport Junction (2.8 km away) where buses are available to Kozhikode, Malappuram, Palakkad etc.


title: Calicut International Airport

text: The closest railway stations are Feroke railway station (around 18 kilometers from the airport), Parappanangadi railway station (around 20 kilometers from the airport), Tanur railway station (around 28 kilometers from the airport), Kozhikode railway station (around 28 kilometers from the airport), Tirur railway station (around 34 kilometers away), and Angadipuram railway station (around 37 kilometres away), which are connected to all major cities in India.


title: Calicut International Airport

text: Pre-paid taxi services are available at the airport. The airport is also serviced by Uber and Ola Cabs, online cab aggregators providing various options to Calicut city and for Outstation journeys.


title: GitHub Copilot

text: GitHub Copilot is a cloud-based artificial intelligence tool developed by GitHub and OpenAI to assist users of Visual Studio Code, Visual Studio, Neovim, and JetBrains integrated development environments (IDEs) by autocompleting code. Currently available by subscription to individual developers, the tool was first announced by GitHub on 29 June 2021, and works best for users coding in Python, JavaScript, TypeScript, Ruby, and Go.


title: GitHub Copilot

text: On June 29, 2021, GitHub announced GitHub Copilot for technical preview in the Visual Studio Code development environment. GitHub Copilot was released as a plugin on the JetBrains marketplace on October 29, 2021. October 27, 2021, GitHub released the GitHub Copilot Neovim plugin as a public repository. GitHub announced Copilot's availability for the Visual Studio 2022 IDE on March 29, 2022. On June 21, 2022, GitHub announced that Copilot was out of "technical preview", and is available as a subscription-based service for individual developers.


title: GitHub Copilot

text: GitHub Copilot is powered by the OpenAI Codex, an artificial intelligence model created by OpenAI which is an artificial intelligence research laboratory. The OpenAI Codex is a modified, production version of the Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3 (GPT-3), a language model using deep-learning to produce human-like text. The Codex model is additionally trained on gigabytes of source code in a dozen programming languages. When provided with a programming problem in natural language, Codex is capable of generating solution code. It is also able to describe input code in English and translate code between programming languages. Open AI’s GPT-3 is licensed exclusively to Microsoft, GitHub’s parent company.


title: GitHub Copilot

text: Copilot’s OpenAI Codex is trained on a selection of the English language, public GitHub repositories, and other publicly available source code. This includes a filtered dataset of 159 gigabytes of Python code sourced from 54 million public GitHub repositories.


title: GitHub Copilot

text: According to its website, GitHub Copilot includes assistive features for programmers, such as the conversion of code comments to runnable code and autocomplete for chunks of code, repetitive sections of code, and entire methods and/or functions. GitHub reports that Copilot’s autocomplete feature is accurate roughly half of the time; with some Python function header code, for example, Copilot correctly autocompleted the rest of the function body code 43% of the time on the first try and 57% of the time after ten attempts.


title: GitHub Copilot

text: GitHub states that Copilot’s features allow programmers to navigate unfamiliar coding frameworks and languages by reducing the amount of time users spend reading documentation.


title: GitHub Copilot

text: Since Copilot's release, there have been concerns with its security and educational impact, as well as licensing controversy surrounding the code it produces.


title: GitHub Copilot

text: Although most code output by Copilot can be classified as a transformative work, GitHub admits that a small proportion is copied verbatim, which has led to fears that the output code is insufficiently transformative to be classified as fair use and may infringe on the copyright of the original owner. This leaves Copilot on untested legal ground, although GitHub states that "training machine learning models on publicly available data is considered fair use across the machine learning community". The company has also stated that as of June 2022 only a few source codes are taken over completely or partially unchanged. Therefore as the software continues to learn, this figure is expected to drop. Also in June 2022, the Software Freedom Conservancy announced it would end all uses of GitHub in its own projects, accusing Copilot of ignoring code licenses used in training data. In November 2022, a class-action lawsuit was filed, challenging the legality of Copilot.


title: GitHub Copilot

text: On July 28 2021, the Free Software Foundation (FSF) published a funded call for white papers on philosophical and legal questions around Copilot. Donald Robertson, the Licensing and Compliance Manager of the FSF, stated that "Copilot raises many [...] questions which require deeper examination." On February 24, 2022, the FSF announced they had received 22 papers on the subject and using an anonymous review process chose 5 papers to highlight.


title: GitHub Copilot

text: As the service is cloud-based and requires continuous communication with the GitHub Copilot servers, it marks a fundamental shift in bringing the process of writing software online and thus into the hands of third parties, where every keystroke can be monitored.


title: GitHub Copilot

text: A paper accepted for publication in the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy in 2022 assessed the security of code generated by Copilot for the MITRE’s top 25 code weakness enumerations (e.g., cross-site scripting, path traversal) across 89 different scenarios and 1,689 programs. This was done along the axes of diversity of weaknesses (its ability to respond to scenarios that may lead to various code weaknesses), diversity of prompts (its ability to respond to the same code weakness with subtle variation), and diversity of domains (its ability to generate register transfer level hardware specifications in Verilog). The study found that across these axes in multiple languages, 39.33% of top suggestions and 40.73% of total suggestions led to code vulnerabilities. Additionally, they found that small, non-semantic (i.e., comments) changes made to code could impact code safety.


title: GitHub Copilot

text: A February 2022 paper released by the Association for Computing Machinery evaluates the impact Codex, the technology used by Github Copilot, may have on the education of novice programmers. The study utilizes assessment questions from an introductory programming class at The University of Auckland and compares Codex’s responses with student performance. Researchers found that Codex, on average, performed better than most students; however, its performance decreased on questions that limited what features could be used in the solution (e.g., conditionals, collections, and loops). Given this type of problem, “only two of [Codex’s] 10 solutions produced the correct output, but both [...] violated [the] constraint.” The paper concludes that Codex may be useful in providing a variety of solutions to learners, but may also lead to over-reliance and plagiarism.


title: Lisa Lu

text: Lisa Lu Yan (; born January 19, 1927) is a Chinese actress. She won the Golden Horse Awards three times in the 1970s. She is the only person who is a member of both the Hollywood Foreign Press Association and the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.


title: Lisa Lu

text: During Lu's teen years, she was active in Chinese opera, or Kunqu, before emigrating to the United States, where, beginning in the 1950s, she enjoyed a long career in television.


title: Lisa Lu

text: During the 1958–59 television season, she had a recurring role as Miss Mandarin on the cult western show "Yancy Derringer", set in New Orleans in 1868. In 1961 she had a recurring role as "Hey Girl" on the television series "Have Gun – Will Travel". She made numerous other appearances on television, with guest starring roles on "Bonanza", "The Big Valley", "The Richard Boone Show", "The Virginian", "Hawaiian Eye", "The Man from U.N.C.L.E.", "The Rebel", "Cheyenne", "Bat Masterson", "Kentucky Jones", and other shows.


title: Lisa Lu

text: In 1960, she was the female lead in the antiwar film "The Mountain Road", which starred James Stewart and which was based on the novel of the same name by the China war correspondent Theodore H. White. Her film career took off in the 1970s with supporting roles in films like "Demon Seed" and Peter Bogdanovich's "Saint Jack". During this time, she received three Best Actress Golden Horse Awards for her Chinese-language films "The Arch", "The Empress Dowager", and "The Fourteen Amazons".


title: Lisa Lu

text: For the remainder of her career, Lu alternated between theatre and film. She may be best known by English-speaking audiences for her roles in the 1988 TV miniseries "Noble House", and the films "The Last Emperor" (1987), "The Joy Luck Club" (1993), and "Crazy Rich Asians" (2018).


title: Lisa Lu

text: Lu attempted to popularise Chinese opera in the United States, touring universities and performing in English.


title: The Knight's Tale

text: The Knight is described by Chaucer in the "General Prologue" as the person of highest social standing amongst the pilgrims, though his manners and clothes are unpretentious. We are told that he has taken part in some fifteen crusades in many countries and also fought for one pagan leader against another. Though the list of campaigns is real, his characterization is idealized. Most readers have taken Chaucer's description of him as "a verray, parfit gentil knyght" to be sincere but Terry Jones suggested that this description was ironic, and that Chaucer's readers would have deduced that the Knight was a mercenary. He is accompanied on his pilgrimage by the Squire, his 20-year-old son.


title: The Knight's Tale

text: The story introduces themes and arguments typically encountered in the literature of knighthood, including courtly love and ethical dilemmas.


title: The Knight's Tale

text: The epic poem "Teseida" (full title "Teseida delle Nozze d’Emilia", or "The Theseid, Concerning the Nuptials of Emily") by Giovanni Boccaccio is the source of the tale, although Chaucer makes many significant diversions from that poem. The "Teseida" has 9,896 lines in twelve books, while "The Knight's Tale" has only 2,250 lines—though it is still one of the longest poems in the "Tales". Most of the epic characteristics of the "Teseida" are removed, and instead the poem conforms primarily to the genre of romance; there are no epic invocations; the fighting and mythological references are severely reduced; and Theseus' conquests, the assault on Thebes, and the epic catalogue of heroes fighting for Palamon and Arcite are all severely compressed. The Knight-narrator repeatedly admits that he must skip past such details so that other pilgrims will get a chance to tell their stories.


title: The Knight's Tale

text: The tale is considered a chivalric romance, yet it is markedly different from either the English or French traditions of such tales. For instance, there is the inclusion of philosophical themes—mainly of the kind contained in the "Consolation of Philosophy" of Boethius—astrological references, and an epic context.


title: The Knight's Tale

text: The tale is the first to be told in "The Canterbury Tales", as it is announced as such in the "Prologue." The tale that follows it is told by the drunken Miller and also involves a conflict between two men over a woman. It is a direct antithesis to the Knight's in register, with none of the nobility or heritage of classical mythology, but is instead a rollicking, bawdy fabliau, and designed to annoy the Knight and amuse the other pilgrims with its crude comedy.


title: The Knight's Tale

text: Two cousins and knights, Palamon and Arcite, are captured and imprisoned by Theseus, duke of Athens, after being found unconscious following his battle against Creon. Their cell sits in the tower of Theseus' castle, with a window which overlooks his palace garden. The imprisoned Palamon wakes early one morning in May and catches sight of Emelye, who is Theseus's sister-in-law, below in the courtyard picking flowers for a garland. He instantly falls in love with her, wondering if she is human or a goddess; his moan is heard by Arcite, who then also wakes and sees Emelye. He falls in love with her as well. This angers Palamon, who believes that he claimed her first. Arcite argues that he also loved Emelye before it was even established that she was human, and adds that love obeys no rules anyway.


title: The Knight's Tale

text: The friendship between Palamon and Arcite quickly deteriorates over their competition for Emelye. After some years, Arcite is released from prison through the help and advice of Pirithous, a mutual friend of Theseus and Arcite, amending Arcite's sentence down from imprisonment to exile; but Arcite laments that being away from Emelye is worse than imprisonment. He later secretly returns to Athens in disguise and enters service in Emelye's household, to get close to her. Palamon eventually escapes by drugging the jailer, and, while hiding in a grove, overhears Arcite singing about love and fortune.


title: The Knight's Tale

text: They begin to duel with each other over who should get Emelye, but are thwarted by the arrival of Theseus's hunting party. Theseus plans to sentence the two to summary execution, but upon the protests of his wife and Emelye, he decides to have them compete in a tournament instead. Palamon and Arcite are to gather 100 men apiece and to fight a mass judicial tournament, the winner of which is to marry Emelye. The forces are assembled one year later and lavishly banqueted by Theseus. On the early morning before the tournament, Palamon prays to Venus to make Emelye his wife; Emelye prays to Diana to remain unmarried, or else to marry the one who truly loves her; and Arcite prays to Mars for victory. Theseus lays down rules for the tournament so that if any man becomes seriously injured, he must be dragged out of the battle and is no longer in combat. Because of this, the narrator (the Knight) claims that there were no deaths on either side.


title: The Knight's Tale

text: Although both Palamon and Arcite fight valiantly, Palamon is wounded by a chance sword thrust from one of Arcite's men, and is unhorsed. Theseus declares the fight to be over. Arcite wins the battle, but following a divine intervention by Saturn who takes Venus's side, he is mortally wounded by his horse throwing him off and falling on him before he can claim Emelye as his prize. As he dies in bed, he tells Emelye that she should marry Palamon, because he would make a good husband for her. After a heroic burial and a period of mourning, Theseus proclaims that Palamon should marry Emelye, and thus all three prayers are fulfilled.


title: The Knight's Tale

text: The First Mover or the Firste Moevere is a speech delivered by Theseus, spanning lines 2129–2216, bringing the poem's narrative to its close.


title: The Knight's Tale

text: The First Mover speech appears near the end of the poem, after the protagonists Arcite and Palamon have finished their duel for Emelye's hand; Arcite is fatally injured, and Theseus speaks to console Emelye and Palamon as they grieve for Arcite.


title: The Knight's Tale

text: Theseus begins with a reference to the First Mover, the "primum movens", or unmoved mover of Aristotelian philosophy creating the “Great Chain of Love”, the "kyndely enclyning", or natural inclination, that holds the universe together in Medieval cosmology. He describes the inevitability of death for all things at their proper time, using the destruction of an oak tree, a stone, and a river as examples, and listing all the classes of medieval society as universally subject to death. He then shifts to a discussion of the proper way to respond to this inevitability of death. Theseus maintains that, since every man must die when his time comes, that it is best to die with a good name and reputation, on good terms with his friends, and having died with honour. Theseus's comfort to Emelye and Palamon is that Arcite died in just such a manner, having acquitted himself well in a feat of arms.


title: The Knight's Tale

text: It is generally acknowledged among scholars that the First Mover speech draws on the philosophy of Boethius. What the purpose of the speech is, however, has been assessed variously. Some scholars maintain that the speech, with its Boethian elements, is not only representative of Boethian philosophy, but of Chaucer's own beliefs, and a reconciliation of Boethian and Christian philosophy, though this is disputed.


title: The Knight's Tale

text: The speech has also been read as a parody of Boethius's "Consolation of Philosophy", as a narrative device simply conveying an idea from the Character of Theseus to the characters of Palamon and Emelye, as a transition from a tragic character death to a happy ending, as a counsel of how and when to die properly, and even as an expression of disappointment in not only the events of the tournament, but in the divine order he describes.


title: The Knight's Tale

text: Richard Edwardes's 1566 play "Palamon and Arcite" is based on this tale, but the text of the play is lost. Another version of the story was performed in 1594, but this is only known from a reference in Philip Henslowe's diary. "The Two Noble Kinsmen", a 1613 play co-written by William Shakespeare and John Fletcher, is based on the tale.


title: The Knight's Tale

text: John Dryden translated this story into the language of his time. Dryden's book is titled "Palamon and Arcite" and is longer than the original text due to the insertion of embellishments by the later poet.


title: The Knight's Tale

text: In Alan Plater's 1975 TV series "Trinity Tales" the story is transformed into a competition between two young men for the attentions of a barmaid.


title: The Knight's Tale

text: The story is one of the tales that inspired the 2001 movie "A Knight's Tale", in which Chaucer himself is one of the principal characters.


title: The Knight's Tale

text: It was also adapted for the BBC's "The Canterbury Tales" in 2003. The names of the characters Palamon and Arcite are changed to Paul (Chiwetel Ejiofor) and Ace (John Simm), and the story was moved to a modern prison setting where the two men battle for the attentions of a prison teacher named Emily (Keeley Hawes).


title: Ken Ham

text: Kenneth Alfred Ham (born 20 October 1951) is an Australian Christian fundamentalist, young Earth creationist and apologist, living in the United States. He is the founder, CEO, and former president of Answers in Genesis (AiG), a Christian apologetics organization that operates the Creation Museum and the Ark Encounter.


title: Ken Ham

text: Ham advocates biblical literalism, believing that the creation narrative in the Book of Genesis is historical fact and that the universe and the Earth were created together approximately 6,000 years ago, contrary to the scientific consensus that the Earth is about 4.5 billion years old and the universe is about 13.8 billion years old.


title: Ken Ham

text: Ham was born 20 October 1951 in Cairns, Queensland. His father, Mervyn, was a Christian educator who served as a school principal in several schools throughout Queensland.


title: Ken Ham

text: Ham earned a bachelor's degree in applied science (with an emphasis on environmental biology) from the Queensland Institute of Technology and holds a Diploma in Education from the University of Queensland. While at university, he was influenced by John C. Whitcomb and Henry M. Morris's 1961 book "". Upon graduation in 1975, Ham began teaching science at a high school in Dalby, Queensland.


title: Ken Ham

text: In 1977, Ham began teaching at a high school in Brisbane, where he met John Mackay, another teacher who believed in young Earth creationism. According to Susan and William Trollinger, Ham was "appalled by the fact that some of his students assumed their textbooks that taught evolutionary science successfully proved the Bible to be untrue," and he said the experience "put a 'fire in my bones' to do something about the influence that evolutionary thinking was having on students and the public as a whole." In 1979, he resigned his teaching position and, with his wife, founded Creation Science Supplies and Creation Science Educational Media Services, which provided resources for the teaching of creationism in the public schools of Queensland, a practice allowed at the time. In 1980, the Hams and Mackay merged the two organizations with Carl Wieland's Creation Science Association to form the Creation Science Foundation (CSF).


title: Ken Ham

text: As CSF's work expanded, Ham moved to the United States in January 1987 to engage in speaking tours with another young Earth creationist organization, the Institute for Creation Research (ICR). His "Back to Genesis" lecture series focused on three major themes – that evolutionary theory had led to cultural decay, that a literal reading of the first eleven chapters of the Book of Genesis contained the true origin of the universe and a pattern for society, and that Christians should engage in a culture war against atheism and humanism. With his popularity growing in the United States, Ham left ICR in 1994 and, with colleagues Mark Looy and Mike Zovath, founded Creation Science Ministries with the assistance of what is now Creation Ministries International (Australia). In 1997, Ham's organization changed its name to Answers in Genesis.


title: Ken Ham

text: From the time AiG was founded, Ham planned to open a museum and training center near its headquarters in Florence, Kentucky, telling an Australian Broadcasting Corporation interviewer in 2007, "Australia's not really the place to build such a facility if you're going to reach the world. Really, America is." In a separate interview with "The Sydney Morning Herald"'s Paul Sheehan, Ham explained, "One of the main reasons [AiG] moved [to Florence] was because we are within one hour's flight of 69 percent of America's population." The museum, located in Petersburg, Kentucky, west of the Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport, opened 27 May 2007.


title: Ken Ham

text: In February 2018, Ham was disinvited from the University of Central Oklahoma, where he was scheduled to speak, after an LGBTQ student group objected. Later that month, UCO reinvited Ham to speak, and Ham spoke on March 5 as planned.


title: Ken Ham

text: At the end of 2005, the AiG Confederation crumbled due to a disagreement between Ham and Carl Wieland over the "differences in philosophy and operation". This disagreement led to Ham effectively retaining the leadership of the UK and American branches while Wieland served as managing director of the Australian branch and the smaller offices in Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa. This splitting into two groups led to the Australian branch renaming themselves Creation Ministries International (CMI). The AiG stayed with Ham and continued to expand its staff and work closely with the Institute for Creation Research (ICR). Young Earth creationist Kurt Wise was recruited by Ham as a consultant to help with the concluding phases of the museum project.


title: Ken Ham

text: In May 2007, Creation Ministries International (CMI) filed a lawsuit against Ham and AiG in the Supreme Court of Queensland seeking damages and accusing him of deceptive conduct in his dealings with the Australian organization. Members of the group expressed "concern over Mr. Ham's domination of the groups, the amount of money being spent on his fellow executives and a shift away from delivering the creationist message to raising donations." Ham was accused of trying to send the Australian ministry into bankruptcy. According to the CMI website, this dispute was amicably settled in April 2009. In 2008, Ham appeared in Bill Maher's comedy-documentary "Religulous". AiG criticized the movie for what it called Maher's "dishonesty last year in gaining access to the Creation Museum and AiG President Ken Ham."


title: Ken Ham

text: In March 2011, the board of Great Homeschool Conventions, Inc. (GHC) voted to disinvite Ham and AiG from future conventions. Conference organizer Brennan Dean stated Ham had made "unnecessary, ungodly, and mean-spirited statements that are divisive at best and defamatory at worst". Dean stated further, "We believe Christian scholars should be heard without the fear of ostracism or ad hominem attacks." The disinvitation occurred after Ham criticized Peter Enns of The BioLogos Foundation, who advocated a symbolic, rather than literal, interpretation of the fall of Adam and Eve. Ham accused Enns of espousing "outright liberal theology that totally undermines the authority of the Word of God".


title: Ken Ham

text: In February 2014, Ham debated American science educator and engineer Bill Nye (popularly known as "Bill Nye the Science Guy") on the topic of whether young Earth creationism is a viable model of origins in the contemporary scientific era. Critics expressed concern that the debate lent the appearance of scientific legitimacy to creationism while also stimulating Ham's fundraising. Nye said the debate was "an opportunity to expose the well-intending Ken Ham and the support he receives from his followers as being bad for Kentucky, bad for science education, bad for the U.S., and thereby bad for humankind."


title: Ken Ham

text: Ham said that publicity generated by the debate helped stimulate construction of the Ark Encounter theme park, which had been stalled for lack of funds. The Ark Encounter opened on 7 July 2016, a date (7/7) chosen to correspond with Genesis 7:7, the Bible verse that describes Noah entering the ark. The following day, Nye visited Ark Encounter, and he and Ham had an informal debate.


title: Ken Ham

text: According to Ham, he was inspired by his father, also a young Earth creationist, to interpret the Book of Genesis as "literal history" and first rejected what he termed "molecules-to-man evolution" during high school.


title: Ken Ham

text: As a young Earth creationist and biblical inerrantist, Ham believes that the Book of Genesis is historical fact. Ham believes the age of the Universe to be about 6,000 years and asserts that Noah's flood occurred about 4,400 years ago in approximately 2348 BC. Astrophysical measurements and radiometric dating show that the age of the universe is about 13.8 billion years and the age of the Earth is about 4.5 billion years. Arguing that knowledge of evolution and the Big Bang require observation rather than inference, Ham urges asking scientists and science educators, "Were you there?" The Talk.origins archive responds that the evidence for evolution "was there," and that knowledge serves to determine what occurred in the past and when. "Were you there?" questions also invalidate creationism as science—an argument with which Ham himself agrees.


title: Ken Ham

text: Ham believes that abortion, same-sex marriage, homosexuality, and being transgender "are all attacks on the true family God ordained in Scripture". He believes that Christians should "take back the rainbow", a popular symbol for the LGBT movement. As a condition for employment at the Ark Encounter, AiG, as directed by Ham, requires workers to sign a statement that they view homosexuality as a sin.


title: Ken Ham

text: Chris Mooney, of "Slate" magazine, believes Ham's advocacy of young Earth creation will "undermine science education and U.S. science literacy". But Andrew O'Hehir of "Salon" argues that the "liberal intelligentsia" have grossly overstated the influence of Ken Ham and those espousing similar views because, while "religious ecstasy, however nonsensical, is powerful in a way reason and logic are not", advocates like Ham "represent a marginalized constituency with little power".


title: Ken Ham

text: Ham has been awarded honorary degrees by six Christian colleges: Temple Baptist College (1997), Liberty University (2004), Tennessee Temple University (2010), Mid-Continent University (2012), Bryan College (2017), and Mid-America Baptist Theological Seminary (2018).


title: Ken Ham

text: On February 17, 2020, PBS aired a documentary about the Ark Encounter entitled "We Believe in Dinosaurs". Filmmakers Monica Long Ross and Clayton Brown followed the story line of a "religious organization creating their own alternative science in a legitimate looking museum."


title: Mike Glennon

text: Michael Joseph Glennon (born December 12, 1989) is an American football quarterback who is a free agent. He played college football at NC State and was drafted by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the third round of the 2013 NFL Draft. He has also played for the Chicago Bears, Arizona Cardinals, Oakland Raiders, Jacksonville Jaguars, and New York Giants.


title: Mike Glennon

text: Glennon attended Westfield High School in Fairfax County, Virginia, and played for the Westfield Bulldogs high school football and basketball teams. As a senior, he completed 171 of 265 passes for 2,557 yards and 32 touchdowns. Glennon led his team to an undefeated 15–0 record and the Virginia Division 6 AAA State championship title when the Bulldogs defeated the Woodbridge High School Vikings 42–14. He was the Virginia Gatorade Player of the Year and was a "Parade" magazine high school All-American. He was rated the third-best quarterback recruit in the nation by Rivals.com in 2008.


title: Mike Glennon

text: Glennon enrolled in North Carolina State University, where he played for the NC State Wolfpack football team from 2008 to 2012. In 2008, he was redshirted. In 2009 and 2010, he was the backup to starting quarterback Russell Wilson. During that time, he completed 33 of 52 passes for 326 yards with a touchdown and two interceptions. As a junior in 2011, he took over as the starter. On November 26, against Maryland, he had 306 passing yards, five touchdowns, and one interception. For the 2011 season, he completed 283 of 453 passes for 3,054 yards with 31 touchdowns and 12 interceptions. In his final season with the Wolfpack, he had some great statistical games. On September 22, against The Citadel, he had 233 passing yards, one passing touchdown, and two rushing touchdowns. On September 29, against Miami, he had 440 passing yards, four touchdowns, and two interceptions. On October 27, against North Carolina, he had 467 passing yards, five touchdowns, and two interceptions. On November 17, against Clemson, he had 493 passing yards, five touchdowns, and one interception. Overall, in the 2012 season, he completed 330 of 564 passes for 4,031 yards with 31 touchdowns and 17 interceptions.


title: Mike Glennon

text: On April 26, 2013, Glennon was drafted by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the third round (73rd overall pick) of the 2013 NFL Draft. He was the third quarterback taken in the draft behind E. J. Manuel (16th pick) and Geno Smith (39th pick). On June 12, 2013, Glennon signed a four-year contract with the Buccaneers worth $3,104,063, with a $637,500 signing bonus.


title: Mike Glennon

text: On September 25, 2013, the Bucs announced that Glennon would start in Week 4 over Josh Freeman, after the team started the season 0–3. Glennon threw his first career touchdown to wide receiver Mike Williams, but threw a critical late interception to Arizona Cardinals cornerback Patrick Peterson and lost 13–10.


title: Mike Glennon

text: Despite Glennon throwing seven touchdowns to one interception and achieving a passer rating over 90 in the next four games, the Buccaneers lost their next four games to drop to 0–8. He earned his first win as an NFL starter the next week against the Miami Dolphins, though he had just 139 passing yards and an interception. He won his next two games as well with a combined passer rating of 142.0 and completing 77% of his passes. He went 1–4 the rest of the season, without reaching a passer rating of 80.


title: Mike Glennon

text: The Buccaneers finished their season with a 4–12 record and 4–9 with Glennon at quarterback. He finished his rookie campaign with an 83.9 passer rating, completing 59.4 percent of his passes (247 of 416) for 2,608 passing yards, 19 touchdowns, and 9 interceptions. Glennon was named to the Pro Football Writer's Association's All-Rookie Team for his strong first year performance, becoming the second Buccaneers quarterback to receive this award, joining Doug Williams (1978).


title: Mike Glennon

text: New head coach Lovie Smith quickly announced that newly signed journeyman Josh McCown would be the starting quarterback for the upcoming 2014 season, leaving Glennon's future in Tampa Bay in question. On May 10, Smith stated while McCown would be the starter, Glennon was the Bucs' "quarterback of the future." That same day, Rick Stroud of the Tampa Bay Times reported that the Bucs turned down at least six trade offers for Glennon during the 2014 NFL Draft.


title: Mike Glennon

text: Glennon made his 2014 season debut Week 3 on "Thursday Night Football" against the Atlanta Falcons. Glennon entered the game near the end of the first half, after McCown suffered a thumb injury. At the time of Glennon's entry into the game, the Buccaneers already trailed 35–0. Glennon completed 17 of 24 passes for 121 yards, 1 touchdown, and no interceptions. The Bucs lost the game 56–14.


title: Mike Glennon

text: Glennon started the next five games in relief of the injured McCown. In his first game as starter, Glennon recorded his first career 300 yard game and the Bucs first season win, 27–24 over the Pittsburgh Steelers. However, the Bucs lost their next four games (two in overtime), and Smith brought McCown back as starter in Week 10.


title: Mike Glennon

text: The Buccaneers finished the season with a league worst 2–14 record, and 1–4 with Glennon as the quarterback. Glennon finished his second season campaign with an 83.3 passer rating. He completed 57.6 percent of his passes (117 of 203) for 1,417 passing yards, and threw 10 touchdowns and 6 interceptions.


title: Mike Glennon

text: Glennon did not see any playing time during the 2015 season. He was the backup to the number one overall pick in the 2015 NFL Draft, Jameis Winston.


title: Mike Glennon

text: In 2016, Glennon was again the backup to Winston. After Winston suffered a knee injury midway through the fourth quarter of the Week 9 game against the Atlanta Falcons, Glennon entered and completed 10 of 11 passes for 75 yards and a touchdown. Glennon also appeared in the Week 10 game against the Chicago Bears but did not record any statistics in three plays.


title: Mike Glennon

text: On March 9, 2017, Glennon signed a three-year, $45 million contract with the Chicago Bears. On September 4, 2017, the Bears named Glennon as their starting quarterback for Week 1 against the Falcons.


title: Mike Glennon

text: On September 10, 2017, in his Bears regular season debut, Glennon finished 26-of-40 for 213 yards and a touchdown in a 23–17 home loss to the Atlanta Falcons at Soldier Field. His first touchdown as a Bear was a 19-yard pass to running back Tarik Cohen. He had 301 yards, but had two interceptions, in a Week 2 29–7 loss to his former team, the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, and 101 yards and a late interception in an overtime win over the Pittsburgh Steelers. In the next game, he threw two interceptions and lost two fumbles in a Week 4 "Thursday Night Football" loss to the Green Bay Packers. On October 2, seven days before the Week 5 game against the Minnesota Vikings, it was announced that Glennon had been benched in favor of rookie 2017 first-round pick Mitchell Trubisky. Glennon saw no more playing time in the 2017 season after Trubisky was named the starter. In four games, he finished with 833 passing yards, four touchdowns, and five interceptions. He also had eight turnovers, which led the league at the time of his benching.


title: Mike Glennon

text: On February 28, 2018, the Bears' general manager Ryan Pace announced that Glennon would be released at the start of the new league year. He was officially released on March 14, 2018.


title: Mike Glennon

text: On March 16, 2018, Glennon signed a two-year contract with the Arizona Cardinals. He appeared in two games in the 2018 season in relief of Josh Rosen. He was released on March 8, 2019.


title: Mike Glennon

text: On March 22, 2019, Glennon signed with the Oakland Raiders. In Week 7, against the Green Bay Packers, Glennon came into the game in relief of Derek Carr. He completed two passes for 36 yards and a touchdown in the 42–24 loss.


title: Mike Glennon

text: On May 12, 2020, Glennon signed with the Jacksonville Jaguars. He was released on September 5, 2020, and re-signed to the practice squad two days later. He was promoted to the active roster on September 8. On November 25, 2020, the Jaguars announced Glennon the starter for the Jaguars Week 12 matchup against the Cleveland Browns due to starter Gardner Minshew out with an injury and struggles from Jake Luton. It would be the first time Glennon had started a game since the 2017 season for the Chicago Bears. During the game, Glennon threw for 235 yards and two touchdowns during the 27–25 loss. In Week 14 against the Tennessee Titans, Glennon threw for 85 yards and an interception before being benched for Gardner Minshew during the 31–10 loss. In Week 16 against his former team, the Chicago Bears, Glennon threw for 211 yards, two touchdowns, and two interceptions during the 41–17 loss.


title: Mike Glennon

text: On March 19, 2021, Glennon signed a one-year, $1.35 million contract with the New York Giants. In Week 13 against the Miami Dolphins Glennon got his first start of the season due to Daniel Jones being injured, Glennon completed 23 of 44 passes for 187 yards and one interception in the 20–9 loss. In Week 14 against the Los Angeles Chargers, Glennon scored the first rushing touchdown of his career. Glennon missed the final game of the season due to a wrist injury.


title: Mike Glennon

text: Glennon has an older brother and sister, Sean and Katie. Sean was a quarterback for the Virginia Tech Hokies from 2004 to 2008. Glennon completed his academic tenure at NC State with two degrees: a bachelor's degree in Business Management and a Master of Arts in Liberal Studies, graduating on December 14, 2012. His GPA in the MALS program, which had an emphasis in leadership and sports management, was in the 3.8 range on a 4.0 scale. The curriculum included classes in financial management of corporations and investments and portfolio management.


title: Parametric equation

text: In mathematics, a parametric equation defines a group of quantities as functions of one or more independent variables called parameters. Parametric equations are commonly used to express the coordinates of the points that make up a geometric object such as a curve or surface, in which case the equations are collectively called a parametric representation or parameterization (alternatively spelled as parametrisation) of the object.


title: Parametric equation

text: form a parametric representation of the unit circle, where "t" is the parameter: A point ("x", "y") is on the unit circle if and only if there is a value of "t" such that these two equations generate that point. Sometimes the parametric equations for the individual scalar output variables are combined into a single parametric equation in vectors:


title: Parametric equation

text: Parametric representations are generally nonunique (see the "Examples in two dimensions" section below), so the same quantities may be expressed by a number of different parameterizations.


title: Parametric equation

text: In addition to curves and surfaces, parametric equations can describe manifolds and algebraic varieties of higher dimension, with the number of parameters being equal to the dimension of the manifold or variety, and the number of equations being equal to the dimension of the space in which the manifold or variety is considered (for curves the dimension is "one" and "one" parameter is used, for surfaces dimension "two" and "two" parameters, etc.).


title: Parametric equation

text: Parametric equations are commonly used in kinematics, where the trajectory of an object is represented by equations depending on time as the parameter. Because of this application, a single parameter is often labeled "t"; however, parameters can represent other physical quantities (such as geometric variables) or can be selected arbitrarily for convenience. Parameterizations are non-unique; more than one set of parametric equations can specify the same curve.


title: Parametric equation

text: In kinematics, objects' paths through space are commonly described as parametric curves, with each spatial coordinate depending explicitly on an independent parameter (usually time). Used in this way, the set of parametric equations for the object's coordinates collectively constitute a vector-valued function for position. Such parametric curves can then be integrated and differentiated termwise. Thus, if a particle's position is described parametrically as


title: Parametric equation

text: Another important use of parametric equations is in the field of computer-aided design (CAD). For example, consider the following three representations, all of which are commonly used to describe planar curves.


title: Parametric equation

text: The explicit representation may be very complicated, or even may not exist. Moreover, it does not behave well under geometric transformations, and in particular under rotations. On the other hand, as a parametric equation and an implicit equation may easily be deduced from an explicit representation, when a simple explicit representation exists, it has the advantages of both other representations.


title: Parametric equation

text: Implicit representations may make it difficult to generate points on the curve, and even to decide whether there are real points. On the other hand, they are well suited for deciding whether a given point is on a curve, or whether it is inside or outside of a closed curve.


title: Parametric equation

text: Such decisions may be difficult with a parametric representation, but parametric representations are best suited for generating points on a curve, and for plotting it.


title: Parametric equation

text: Numerous problems in integer geometry can be solved using parametric equations. A classical such solution is Euclid's parametrization of right triangles such that the lengths of their sides and their hypotenuse are coprime integers. As "a" and "b" are not both even (otherwise and would not be coprime), one may exchange them to have even, and the parameterization is then


title: Parametric equation

text: By multiplying and by an arbitrary positive integer, one gets a parametrization of all right triangles whose three sides have integer lengths.


title: Parametric equation

text: Converting a set of parametric equations to a single implicit equation involves eliminating the variable formula_7 from the simultaneous equations formula_8 This process is called implicitization. If one of these equations can be solved for "t", the expression obtained can be substituted into the other equation to obtain an equation involving "x" and "y" only: Solving formula_9 to obtain formula_10 and using this in formula_11 gives the explicit equation formula_12 while more complicated cases will give an implicit equation of the form formula_13


title: Parametric equation

text: where are set-wise coprime polynomials, a resultant computation allows one to implicitize. More precisely, the implicit equation is the resultant with respect to of and


title: Parametric equation

text: In higher dimensions (either more than two coordinates or more than one parameter), the implicitization of rational parametric equations may by done with Gröbner basis computation; see Gröbner basis § Implicitization in higher dimension.


title: Parametric equation

text: A more sophisticated example is the following. Consider the unit circle which is described by the ordinary (Cartesian) equation


title: Parametric equation

text: With the Cartesian equation it is easier to check whether a point lies on the circle or not. With the parametric version it is easier to obtain points on a plot.


title: Parametric equation

text: In some contexts, parametric equations involving only rational functions (that is fractions of two polynomials) are preferred, if they exist. In the case of the circle, such a "rational parameterization" is


title: Parametric equation

text: With this pair of parametric equations, the point is not represented by a real value of , but by the limit of and when tends to infinity.


title: Parametric equation

text: An ellipse in canonical position (center at origin, major axis along the "X"-axis) with semi-axes "a" and "b" can be represented parametrically as


title: Parametric equation

text: as the parameter "t" varies from 0 to 2"". Here formula_29 is the center of the ellipse, and formula_30 is the angle between the formula_31-axis and the major axis of the ellipse.


title: Parametric equation

text: Both parameterizations may be made rational by using the tangent half-angle formula and setting formula_32


title: Parametric equation

text: A Lissajous curve is similar to an ellipse, but the "x" and "y" sinusoids are not in phase. In canonical position, a Lissajous curve is given by


title: Parametric equation

text: In all these formulae ("h", "k") are the center coordinates of the hyperbola, "a" is the length of the semi-major axis, and "b" is the length of the semi-minor axis.


title: Parametric equation

text: A hypotrochoid is a curve traced by a point attached to a circle of radius "r" rolling around the inside of a fixed circle of radius "R", where the point is at a distance "d" from the center of the interior circle.


title: Parametric equation

text: describes a three-dimensional curve, the helix, with a radius of "a" and rising by 2π"b" units per turn. The equations are identical in the plane to those for a circle.


title: Parametric equation

text: As "u" varies from 0 to 2π the point on the surface moves about a short circle passing through the hole in the torus. As "t" varies from 0 to 2π the point on the surface moves about a long circle around the hole in the torus.


title: Parametric equation

text: The parametric equation of the line through the point formula_47 and parallel to the vector formula_48 is


title: Maria Muldaur

text: Maria Muldaur (born Maria Grazia Rosa Domenica D'Amato; September 12, 1942) is an American folk and blues singer who was part of the American folk music revival in the early 1960s. She recorded the 1973 hit song "Midnight at the Oasis" and has recorded albums in the folk, blues, early jazz, gospel, country, and R&B traditions.


title: Maria Muldaur

text: Muldaur cites as early musical influences classic country music by Kitty Wells, Hank Williams, Hank Snow, Hank Thompson, Ernest Tubb, and Bob Wills and the Texas Playboys; early rhythm and blues artists like Chuck Willis, Little Richard, Ruth Brown, Fats Domino, and Muddy Waters; Alan Freed "rock 'n' roll" shows; and doo-wop groups such as The Platters and The Five Satins.


title: Maria Muldaur

text: Muldaur began her career in the early 1960s as Maria D'Amato, performing with John Sebastian, David Grisman, and Stefan Grossman as a member of the Even Dozen Jug Band. She then joined Jim Kweskin & the Jug Band as a featured vocalist and occasional fiddle player. During this time, she was part of the Greenwich Village scene that included Bob Dylan, and some of her recollections of the period, particularly with respect to Dylan, appear in Martin Scorsese's 2005 documentary film "No Direction Home".


title: Maria Muldaur

text: She married fellow Jug Band member Geoff Muldaur, and after the Kweskin group broke up, the couple produced two albums. She began her solo career when their marriage ended in 1972 but retained her married name.


title: Maria Muldaur

text: Her first solo album, "Maria Muldaur", released in 1973, contained her hit single "Midnight at the Oasis", which reached number 6 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 in 1974. It also peaked at number 21 on the UK Singles Chart. Later that year, she released her second album, "Waitress in a Donut Shop". This included a re-recording of "I'm a Woman", the Leiber and Stoller number first associated with Peggy Lee and a standout feature from her Jug Band days. The title of this album is taken from a line in another song on the album, "Sweetheart", by Ken Burgan.


title: Maria Muldaur

text: Around this time, Muldaur established a relationship with the Grateful Dead. Opening for some Grateful Dead shows in the summer of 1974, with John Kahn, bassist of the Jerry Garcia Band, eventually earned her a seat in that group as a backing vocalist in the late 1970s. Around the same time Muldaur met and eventually collaborated with bluegrass icon Peter Rowan. The two became close, and she was chosen to be the godmother of his daughter Amanda Rowan. She appeared on "Super Jam" (1989), the live recording of the German TV series "Villa Fantastica", with Brian Auger on piano, Pete York on drums, Dick Morrissey on tenor saxophone, Roy Williams on trombone, Harvey Weston on bass and Zoot Money, also on vocals.


title: Maria Muldaur

text: Around 1980, Muldaur became a Christian and released a live album, "Gospel Nights", and a studio album, "There Is A Love". In 1983 she returned to secular music with "Sweet and Slow", a set informed by vintage jazz and blues.


title: Maria Muldaur

text: Muldaur continued to perform, tour, and record after her success in the mid 1970s, including a turn at the Teatro ZinZanni in 2001.


title: Maria Muldaur

text: Her 2005 release "Sweet Lovin' Ol' Soul" was nominated for both a Blues Music Award (formerly the W.C. Handy Award) and a Grammy Award in the Traditional Blues category. In 2013, she was nominated for a Blues Music Award in the Koko Taylor Award (Traditional Blues Female) category.


title: Maria Muldaur

text: In 2003, Muldaur performed at Carnegie Hall in the Tribute to Peggy Lee produced by Richard Barone. In 2018 she performed in Barone's Central Park concert "Music & Revolution" along with John Sebastian and others from her Greenwich Village days.


title: Maria Muldaur

text: In 2021, Muldaur recorded and released the album "Let's Get Happy Together", a 40-minute, 12-track album in collaboration with Tuba Skinny.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: Carlton Ernest Fisk (born December 26, 1947), nicknamed "Pudge" and "The Commander", is an American former professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball as a catcher from 1969 to 1993 for the Boston Red Sox (1969, 1971–1980) and Chicago White Sox (1981–1993). In 1972, he was the first player to be unanimously voted American League (AL) Rookie of the Year. Fisk is best known for his game-winning home run in the 12th inning of Game 6 of the 1975 World Series, during which he memorably waved his arms hoping for the batted ball to remain fair.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: At the time of his retirement, Fisk held the record for most home runs all-time by a catcher with 351 (since surpassed by Mike Piazza). He has held several age- or longevity-related records, including the record for most games played at the position of catcher with 2,226 (later surpassed by Iván Rodríguez). Fisk still holds the AL record for most years served at the position (24). Fisk was voted to the All-Star team 11 times and won three Silver Slugger Awards which is awarded annually to the best offensive player at each position. Fisk was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2000.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: Fisk was born in Bellows Falls, Vermont, but according to Fisk, that was only because Vermont had the nearest hospital to his hometown, Charlestown, New Hampshire. He was raised by his parents, Leona and Cecil, along with older brother Calvin, younger brothers Conrad and Cedric and younger sisters Janet and Julie. He grew up in Charlestown, across the Connecticut River from Bellows Falls. Fisk attended Charlestown High School, where he played baseball (under Coach Ralph Silva), soccer, and basketball. Because his family is from New Hampshire, he insisted that the organization remove from his plaque in the Red Sox Hall of Fame its characterization of him as a Vermont native. Fisk earned his longtime nickname, "Pudge", because he was a chubby youngster.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: He played on the Charlestown High baseball team, appearing at third base, catcher and pitcher for Coach Silva. Two of his teammates were his brothers Calvin and Conrad, who were drafted by the Baltimore Orioles and Montreal Expos, respectively, but never made it to the minors due to Calvin's being drafted and inducted into military service during the Vietnam War and Conrad hurting his arm. Since the high school baseball season was limited to 17 games annually due to the inclement New England weather, he also played in the American Legion baseball league in 1964, appearing with the team from Claremont, New Hampshire. In 1965, he played for the Legion Post 37 team in Bellows Falls that had won the 1964 Vermont State Championship.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: Fisk excelled at basketball. When he was a sophomore, he was a starter and helped Charlestown to an undefeated season and the 1963 New Hampshire Class M championship. His play in a 1965 high school basketball tournament in the Boston Garden drew the attention of Boston Celtics owner Walter Brown, who told a local reporter, "You have got to tell me—who is that kid?" Fisk had 42 points and 38 rebounds in the 1965 state tournament semifinal loss to Hopkinton High School. He was awarded a basketball scholarship by the University of New Hampshire, where he started for the UNH Wildcats while also playing baseball. He met his wife Linda Foust while at UNH. The freshman team that Fisk played for was undefeated for the 1965–66 season. In 1966, he played collegiate summer baseball in the Cape Cod Baseball League for the Orleans Cardinals. In his sophomore year, the Red Sox drafted him in the first round of the January 1967 amateur draft, and his athletic future was set. Fisk gave up his dreams of basketball glory. "I could never be a six-foot-two power forward and play for the Celtics," he said.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: In 1967, Fisk played briefly for the Red Sox team in the Florida Instructional League, hitting .195 with 0 HR and 0 RBI in 47 at bats.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: In 1968, Fisk played for the Waterloo Hawks, the Red Sox' Class A affiliate in the Midwest League. In 62 games, Fisk hit .338 with 12 HR and 34 RBI.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: Fisk played 28 games for the Red Sox in the Florida Instructional League in 1969, hitting .245 with 4 HR and 19 RBI. He then played for the Class AA Pittsfield Red Sox of the Eastern League, where he hit .243 with 10 HR and 41 RBI in 97 games and 309 at-bats. Finally, he made his major league debut, appearing in 2 games for the Boston Red Sox in 1969.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: In 1970, Fisk played for the Class AA Pawtucket Red Sox, where he batted .229 with 12 HR and 44 RBI in 93 games.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: Fisk played for the Class AAA Louisville Colonels of the International League in 1971, hitting .263 with 10 HR and 43 RBI in 93 games, before being called up to the Boston Red Sox.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: Fisk joined the Army Reserve in 1967, as did many other major leaguers and prospects during the Vietnam War. After a short stint of active duty at Fort Dix, New Jersey, where Fisk finished his initial training, he served as a member of the 393rd Service and Supply Battalion in Chester, Vermont, completing monthly weekend drills and two-week annual training periods until 1971.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: Fisk was once again called up from the minors at the end of 1971 and earned himself a place on Boston's 1972 spring training roster. As history would have it, Fisk broke into the major leagues (to stay) early in the 1972 season. Boston manager Darrell Johnson, whom Fisk credited for making him a major leaguer, taught Fisk how to be a leader, a field general for the team. Playing with abandon and all-out aggressiveness was one thing, channeling energy intelligently was another. "Johnson taught me to think about all the important facets of the catcher's role, the things that help pitchers in various ways and those that let your teammates know you want to win," he told an interviewer in 1973.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: On September 12, 1971, Fisk hit his first career home run off of Detroit's Les Cain at Tiger Stadium. In , Fisk batted .293 with 22 home runs, and a .909 OPS. In addition, he led the American League with nine triples (tied with Oakland's Joe Rudi), and was the last catcher to lead the AL in this statistical category. His play earned him both the AL Gold Glove and AL Rookie of the Year awards. He was selected unanimously for the latter award, becoming the first unanimous AL Rookie of the Year. He also finished fourth in American League MVP voting.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: In June 1974, Fisk suffered a devastating knee injury when Leron Lee of the Cleveland Indians collided with him at home plate, tearing several knee ligaments. After undergoing reconstructive knee surgery, Fisk was told he would never play again, yet the backstop returned just twelve months later.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: In , Fisk re-injured himself in spring training and did not play until June. In only 79 game appearances, Fisk hit .331 along with 52 RBI. Boston won the AL East Division with a record of 95–65.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: Fisk batted .417 in the 1975 ALCS, as Boston swept the three-time defending champion Oakland Athletics.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: In Game 3 of the World Series at Riverfront Stadium, Fisk led off the second inning with a solo home run off Cincinnati starter Gary Nolan. In the bottom of the 10th inning, Reds pinch-hitter Ed Armbrister collided with Fisk at home plate while starting to run out a sacrifice bunt, leading to a wild throw by Fisk to second base that allowed Cesar Geronimo to reach third base and eventually score the winning run. Fisk and Boston manager Darrell Johnson argued the controversial call, claiming that Armbrister should have been ruled out for interference, but home plate umpire Larry Barnett ruled otherwise. "To this day, I still think it was interference," said Fisk in an interview after his retirement.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: Leading off the bottom of the 12th inning of Game 6 at Fenway Park, Fisk hit a pitch off of Cincinnati relief pitcher Pat Darcy that went down the left-field line and appeared to be heading into foul territory. The image of Fisk jumping and waving the ball fair as he made his way to first base is considered by many to be one of baseball's greatest moments. The ball struck the foul pole for a home run, giving the Red Sox a 7–6 win and forcing a seventh and deciding game of the Fall Classic. "The celebration of that moment has made me realize how popular baseball is and how it affects people's lives," Fisk told "The Boston Globe". "It's still the greatest moment in my career."


title: Carlton Fisk

text: The image of him waving the ball fair changed the way baseball was televised. During this time, cameramen covering baseball were instructed to follow the flight of the ball. In a 1999 interview, NBC cameraman Lou Gerard said that he had been distracted by a nearby rat. Unable to follow the ball, he kept the camera on Fisk instead. This play was perhaps the most important catalyst in getting camera operators to focus most of their attention on the players themselves.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: Fisk was among the top offensive catchers in the American League in his eight full seasons with the Boston Red Sox. His best year in Boston was in 1977, when he hit .315 with 26 home runs and 102 runs batted in.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: Facing the rival New York Yankees in the 1978 AL East Playoff, Fisk went 1-for-3 with a single in Boston's 5–4 loss to the Yankees. Some fans attributed Boston's 1978 loss to a rib injury sustained by Fisk. The same injury left Fisk on the sidelines for several games during the 1979 season, a year in which his primary position was designated hitter.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: Fisk was reportedly among a group of several Red Sox players who lobbied Boston management for players to be paid what they deserved, which made him none too popular with Haywood Sullivan, the Boston general manager. When Fisk's contract expired at the end of the 1980 season, Sullivan in fact mailed him a new contract, but put it in the mail one day after the contractual deadline. As a result, Fisk was technically a free agent and he signed a $3.5 million deal with the Chicago White Sox, beginning with the 1981 season.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: In 11 years with the Boston Red Sox, Fisk was selected to seven All-Star games, and batted .284 with 161 home runs and 568 RBI. He nearly had more RBIs than strikeouts, striking out only 588 times in 4353 plate appearances with the Red Sox, with an OBP of .356.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: Fisk signed a five-year contract for $3.5 million with the White Sox on March 18, 1981. Fisk had worn number 27 with the Red Sox but it was worn by White Sox pitcher Ken Kravec. Fisk chose to wear 72 with the White Sox explaining that he had won American League Rookie of the Year in 1972; his son Carson had been born in 1972; and 72 was the reverse of 27. Although Kravec was traded just ten days later, Fisk retained the number 72 throughout his career with the White Sox. As the season got underway, Fisk was interviewed by the media concerning his switching teams, and joked that "after a decade with the Red Sox, it was time to change my sox!" On opening day 1981, Fisk started the season with the White Sox against his former team in Fenway Park. In the eighth inning, Fisk knocked a three-run homer to put his new team on top, 5–3.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: After joining the White Sox, he helped the team win its first American League Western Division title in . His .289 batting average, 26 home runs, and 86 RBI, as well as his leadership on the young team, helped him to finish third in the MVP voting (behind Baltimore teammates Cal Ripken Jr. and Eddie Murray). Fisk also caught LaMarr Hoyt that season, the 1983 Cy Young Award winner. Fisk played poorly in Chicago's loss to the Baltimore Orioles in the 1983 ALCS, hitting .176 with zero runs batted in.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: On May 16, 1984, Fisk accomplished the rare feat of hitting for the cycle in Comiskey Park against the Kansas City Royals. Fisk's triple in the bottom of the seventh inning off Dan Quisenberry was the only triple he hit in the season. Injuries once again befell Fisk in the 1984 season, limiting him to just 102 games and a .231 average. The experience led him to begin a new training regimen which he used for the rest of his career. In his Hall of Fame induction speech, Fisk credited White Sox strength and conditioning coach Phil Claussen for his turnaround. Claussen introduced Fisk to a more scientific approach to physical conditioning which included long sessions of weight training. Fisk often credited the training program with extending his career.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: In 1985, following the advent of his new training program, Fisk had the most productive offensive year of his career. He hit 37 home runs and drove in 107 runs, both career-high numbers; the home run numbers tied Dick Allen's 13-year White Sox single-season record. At the age of 37, Fisk tied his career high for stolen bases (17). He was voted to the All-Star team, won the Silver Slugger award and finished 13th in the A.L. MVP voting.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: On August 4, 1985, Fisk caught all nine innings of Tom Seaver's complete game 300th career victory, which was played in Yankee Stadium. Fisk caught Bobby Thigpen as he set the then-record for most saves in a season (57) in 1990. In 2005, Jack McDowell credited Fisk as being instrumental in his development into a pitcher who won the Cy Young Award in 1993.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: On August 17, 1990, in the second game of a twi-night doubleheader in Arlington, Texas Fisk broke Johnny Bench's career home run record for catchers by hitting his 328th longball as a catcher off Charlie Hough in the top of the second inning. He went on to end his career as the all-time leader in home runs by a catcher with 351. On May 5, 2004 Mike Piazza surpassed Fisk's record by belting his 352nd as a backstop. Fisk still holds the American League record for homers by a catcher.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: A single in the 1991 All-Star Game made him the oldest player in MLB history to collect a hit in an All-Star game.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: The 1993 season was Fisk's last. In February, Fisk and the Sox had a dispute over signing a one-year deal, where the former alleged it was only a minor league deal and the latter asserting it as a technicality to protect the 40-man roster. Owner Jerry Reinsdorf called him a "prima donna", but the two sides eventually reached a deal.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: On June 22, 1993, Fisk broke Bob Boone's record for career games caught with his 2,226th game behind the plate. Fisk was passed on this list by Iván Rodríguez on June 17, 2009.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: Six days after breaking Bob Boone's all-time games caught record, Fisk was abruptly released by the Chicago White Sox at age 45. Fisk was notified of his dismissal in his hotel room in Cleveland while on a road trip with the team. It is reported that he was ordered to turn in his equipment and immediately fly back to Chicago, alone. To add insult to injury, Fisk was thrown out of the White Sox clubhouse later that season when he stopped by to wish his teammates good luck in the playoffs. Fisk was one of two final active players in the 1990s who had played in the 1960s. The other was Nolan Ryan. He is one of only 29 players in baseball history to date to have appeared in MLB games in four decades.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: In thirteen seasons with the White Sox, Fisk was selected to four All-Star games and batted .257 with 214 home runs and 762 RBI. Fisk had nearly as many RBIs as strikeouts with the White Sox, striking out 798 times in 5,500 plate appearances.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: For his career, Fisk caught a then-record 2,226 games over 24 seasons. Playing in 2,499 total games, Fisk also played 41 games in left field, 27 games at 1B and four games at 3B and was a DH for 166 games in his career. Overall he hit .269 with 376 home runs and 1,330 RBI in his career.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: Fisk made mention of the fireworks between himself and Reinsdorf in his Hall of Fame induction speech, and Fisk was inducted with a Red Sox cap, although both teams retired his number, with the White Sox doing it first with his number 72 on September 14, 1997, and the Red Sox with his number 27 in 2000. In 2005, he had a statue dedicated at U.S. Cellular Field in 2005. In 2008, Fisk officially rejoined the White Sox organization by becoming a team ambassador and part of the White Sox speaker's bureau.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: After the 1985 season, the White Sox came close to trading Fisk to the New York Yankees for designated hitter Don Baylor. Baylor was unhappy with the Yankees since he did not play every day as he wanted (despite being the team's regular DH) and asked to be traded. The potential deal was complicated in that the White Sox would have to re-sign Fisk, a free agent, and that both players would have to agree to the trade. Negotiations between the two teams ended when they were unable to reach an agreement. The White Sox re-signed Fisk, who remained with the club until the end of his career. During spring training in 1986, the Yankees traded Baylor to the Boston Red Sox for designated hitter Mike Easler.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: Fisk was known for his longstanding feud with New York Yankees catcher Thurman Munson. One particular incident that typified their feud, and the Yankees – Red Sox rivalry in general, occurred on August 1, 1973, at Fenway Park. With the score 2–2 in the top of the ninth inning, Munson, attempting to score on Gene Michael's missed bunt attempt, barreled into Fisk, triggering a 10-minute bench-clearing brawl in which both catchers were ejected.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: As John Curtis let his first pitch go, Munson broke for the plate. Michael tried to bunt, and missed. With Munson coming, the scrawny Yankees shortstop tried to step in Fisk's way, but Fisk elbowed him out of the way and braced for Munson, who crashed into him as hard as he could. Fisk held onto the ball, but Munson tried to lie on top of him to allow Felipe Alou to keep rounding the bases. Fisk kicked Munson off him and into the air, and swiped at him with his fist. Michael grabbed Fisk, and as Curtis grabbed Munson—his former Cape Cod League roommate—Fisk threw Michael down with his left arm and fell to the ground. "Fisk had his left arm right across Stick's throat and wouldn't let up", said Ralph Houk, the Yankees' manager at the time. "Michael couldn't breathe. I had to crawl underneath the pile to try to pry Fisk's arm off his throat to keep him from killing Stick. All the while he had Michael pinned down, he was punching Munson underneath the pile. I had no idea Fisk was that strong, but he was scary."


title: Carlton Fisk

text: In another incident typifying the Yankees-Red Sox rivalry, Fisk was involved in an altercation with Lou Piniella during a May 20, 1976, game at Yankee Stadium. In the sixth inning of this game, Piniella barreled into Fisk trying to score on an Otto Vélez single. Fisk and Piniella shoved each other at home plate, triggering another bench-clearing brawl. After order appeared to be restored, Red Sox pitcher Bill Lee and Yankees third baseman Graig Nettles began exchanging words and punches, igniting the brawl anew. Lee suffered a separated left shoulder in the altercation and missed much of the season and was never quite the same again.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: In an incident on May 22, 1990, Deion Sanders approached the plate with one out and a runner on third base, drew a dollar sign in the dirt before the pitch, and didn't run to first base since the popup he hit looked like it would be easily caught. Fisk yelled at Sanders "run the fucking ball out" and called Sanders a "piece of shit." Later in the game, Sanders told Fisk "the days of slavery are over." Fisk was furious. "He comes up and wants to make it a racial issue — there's no racial issue involved." He told Sanders during Sanders' next at-bat, "There is a right way and a wrong way to play this game. You're playing it the wrong way. And the rest of us don't like it. Someday, you're going to get this game shoved right down your throat."


title: Carlton Fisk

text: Fisk was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in , choosing the Boston Red Sox cap for his plaque, although he played for more seasons with the Chicago White Sox.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: The Chicago White Sox retired his uniform number 72 on September 14, 1997. The Boston Red Sox retired his uniform number 27 on September 4, 2000. He is one of ten people to have their uniform number retired by at least two teams.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: In , he was selected as a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team, and finished third in the balloting. In 2000, Fisk was elected to the Chicago White Sox All-Century Team. In 2004, he was named the greatest New Hampshire athlete of all time.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: In May 2008, Fisk returned to the White Sox as a team ambassador, and a member of the team's speakers bureau.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: The 2004 baseball-themed film "Mickey" features a character who, like Fisk, is a catcher, is known as Pudge, and hits a home run similar to Fisk's 1975 World Series home run. Footage of Fisk's home run appears in the 1997 film "Good Will Hunting", during a scene in which the character Sean Maguire (Robin Williams) tells the story of how he met his wife on the same day the game occurred.


title: Carlton Fisk

text: On June 13, 2005, the Red Sox honored Carlton Fisk and the 12th-inning home run that won Game 6 of the 1975 World Series by naming the left field foul pole, which the famous home run contacted, the "Fisk Foul Pole". In a pregame ceremony from the Monster Seats, Fisk was cheered by the Fenway Park crowd while the shot was replayed to the strains of Handel's "Hallelujah Chorus", the song longtime Fenway Park organist John Kiley originally played following the home run. The Red Sox scheduled the ceremony to coincide with an interleague series against the Cincinnati Reds, who were making their first trip back to Fenway Park since the '75 Series.