title: Jan Axel Blomberg

text: Jan Axel Blomberg (born 2 August 1969) is a Norwegian heavy metal drummer known professionally as Hellhammer. He is best known as the drummer of Mayhem, which he joined in 1988. In 1987 Blomberg formed the avant-garde black metal band Arcturus (under the name Mortem) with Steinar Sverd Johnsen, which broke up in April 2007 and reunited in 2011. He named himself after the Swiss extreme metal band Hellhammer. Praised as a talented musician, Blomberg is a three-time winner of the Spellemannprisen award.


title: Jan Axel Blomberg

text: As a child, Blomberg's main interests were football (soccer) and wrestling. At first he had no interest in drums or drumming, but as music became more appealing to him he started to find the different instruments interesting, which eventually led to an interest in drums. His grandparents purchased him his first three drum kits; the first one was a four-piece jazz kit. With these he began learning how to play drums by playing along with albums he listened to. He was into heavy metal bands such as Iron Maiden, Metallica and Slayer, but also bands like Depeche Mode and Duran Duran. He then found out about Venom and Celtic Frost and eventually jazz, due to influences from a past drum teacher.


title: Jan Axel Blomberg

text: Before joining Mayhem, Blomberg played in various local bands, including the progressive metal band Tritonus, where he met Carl August Tidemann, the man who became the Arcturus and Winds guitarist. He did some live performances as well, and then was hired by Mayhem, who needed to replace Kjetil Manheim; Blomberg got the job and took the pseudonym Hellhammer.


title: Jan Axel Blomberg

text: The first recordings he did with Mayhem were two songs for a compilation album around 1989, with the songs "Carnage" and "The Freezing Moon". The first proper recording he did with Mayhem was "Live in Leipzig" in 1990. After that album, Mayhem had some trouble with the line up due to the suicide of the singer Dead and Necrobutcher's departure from the band. During this time he founded the band Arcturus together with Sverd in 1991, out of the remains of the band Mortem. They released the 7" "My Angel" in 1991 and later the mini album "Constellation".


title: Jan Axel Blomberg

text: In 1995 he joined Immortal as a session drummer during their tour that year, he also agreed to play drums on their first official Video, "Grim and Frostbitten Kingdoms". He also briefly played for Emperor during this period. The recording and release of the Arcturus debut album "Aspera Hiems Symfonia" also happened this year.


title: Jan Axel Blomberg

text: In 1997 Jan Axel began working with Covenant, now known as The Kovenant, for the recording of their second album, "Nexus Polaris". That album was released in 1998 with a following European tour. During 1997 Arcturus also released another album, "La Masquerade Infernale".


title: Jan Axel Blomberg

text: During the year 2000 he recorded a mini album with his new band Winds, "Of Entity And Mind", which was released in May 2001. Winds also recorded a full-length album during spring 2001, "Reflections of the I".


title: Jan Axel Blomberg

text: Jan Axel is now a two-time Norwegian Grammy Awards winner, in 1998 for The Kovenant with "Nexus Polaris" and in 1999 for The Kovenant with "Animatronic". They claimed the prize for best hard rock album both years. In addition to these mentioned involvements, Jan Axel has also done numerous appearances as a guest or session musician on other releases.


title: Jan Axel Blomberg

text: In 2005, he was interviewed for the black metal mini-documentary that was included with the 2-disc DVD edition of "", in addition to other Mayhem members Necrobutcher (Jørn Stubberud) and Blasphemer (Rune Eriksen).


title: Jan Axel Blomberg

text: In 2009, Hellhammer appeared on Eyes of Noctum's album "Inceptum", where he played drums on six tracks. Eyes of Noctum are a black metal band from America featuring Weston Cage, son of Nicolas Cage as their lead singer.


title: Jan Axel Blomberg

text: Also in 2010, he played on Nidingr's album "Wolf-Father". In 2011, Arcturus reunited, Hellhammer included, and released "Arcturian" in 2015.


title: Jan Axel Blomberg

text: Blomberg has courted controversy in the past by making numerous racist comments and advocating violence against homosexuals. The black metal biography "Lords of Chaos" quotes him as saying, "I'll put it this way, we don't like black people here. Black metal is for white people... I'm pretty convinced that there are differences between races as well as everything else. I think that like animals, some races are more ... you know, like a cat is much more intelligent than a bird or a cow, or even a dog, and I think that's also the case with different races." Blomberg said in a 2004 interview, "I don't give a crap if the fans are white, black, green, yellow, or blue. For me music and politics don't go hand in hand."


title: Jan Axel Blomberg

text: Blomberg had joined Mayhem under the influence of friends, so he came to know the depressive vocalist "Dead" and the satanic guitarist "Euronymous". Blomberg naively came to give away his recording tapes and therefore officially joined the band.


title: Jan Axel Blomberg

text: Soon after, Blomberg came to have his first contact with Satanism, at first, therefore, out of youthful curiosity, having read different books on occultism involving different rituals, Blomberg soon realized that he was entering a dangerous path:


title: Jan Axel Blomberg

text: Blomberg was session drummer for the Christian black metal band Antestor, releasing the EP ""Det tapte liv"" and, therefore, the following year to the album "The Forsaken" which also had the appearance of vocalist Ann-Mari Edvardsen.


title: Jan Axel Blomberg

text: Hellhammer's involvement was in spite of Antestor and Mayhem having an adversarial relationship since the former's "Crush Evil" era; which was characterized by Mayhem's guitarist, Euronymous, trying to force the band to break up.


title: Jan Axel Blomberg

text: Hellhammer's appearance on the recordings received a polarized reception in the metal scene. In an interview with the Russian metal site Metal Library on January 7, 2007, Blomberg says:


title: Jan Axel Blomberg

text: The vocalist Ronny Hansen knew Hellhammer personally and asked him to play for the band. The members of Antestor gave Hellhammer the demos for the songs in person, but according to Blomberg, he never met the Antestor members in studio personally because the producer Børge Finstad wanted to work with each musician alone per time to achieve better and more productive results. The band also asked Hellhammer to play live for them, but Blomberg refused. It was not a question about their beliefs, as Hellhammer explains: "In my opinion, black metal today is just music. I will tell you that neither I nor other members of Mayhem never really were against religion or something else. We are primarily interested in music."Additionally, Hellhammer stated that no member of the new line-up was a Satanist, and that the "Satanic stuff […] isn't what I feel Mayhem is about today. […] Mayhem's music is still dark, but I wouldn't say that it's Satanic." Antestor vocalist Ronny Hansen commented on Blomberg's appearance:


title: Nathaniel Buzolic

text: Nathaniel Buzolic ( ; born 4 August 1983) is an Australian actor. He was the host of Nine Network's late-night television quiz show "The Mint", and had a regular role on the BBC soap opera "Out of the Blue" (2008). He was also a co-host of the educational show "Weather Ed" on The Weather Channel. He is also known for his role as Kol Mikaelson on the CW show "The Vampire Diaries" and its spin-off "The Originals".


title: Nathaniel Buzolic

text: Buzolic is a first-generation Australian, and is of Croatian descent. Buzolic studied at De La Salle College Ashfield, and later attended the Australian Theatre for Young People (ATYP) in Sydney and later studied at Screenwise Acting School for Film and Television, graduating in 2004.


title: Nathaniel Buzolic

text: Buzolic hosted the Disney Channel's afternoon kids show "Studio Disney" (2005). He has also appeared in "All Saints" (2003), "Home and Away" (2002) and an uncredited role in an episode of "Water Rats" (2001).


title: Nathaniel Buzolic

text: Buzolic's played the title role in the feature comedy "Offing David" (2008) alongside fellow Australian actor Adam J. Yeend. Previously, he had minor roles in the 2007 Australian short films "Road Rage" and "My Greatest Day Ever".


title: Nathaniel Buzolic

text: In 2011, it was confirmed that Buzolic would play Kol Mikaelson in the CW series "The Vampire Diaries". He reprised his role in the pilot episode of "The Vampire Diaries" spin-off series "The Originals". It was reported on 30 May 2014 that Buzolic would return to "The Originals" for its second season and he appeared in the first trailer that debuted at the 2014 San Diego Comic Con.


title: Nathaniel Buzolic

text: On 20 February 2014, it was announced that Buzolic had landed one of the lead roles in "", a spin-off of the CW series "Supernatural", with the twentieth episode of the latter's ninth season serving as a backdoor pilot. However, The CW passed on the pilot in May 2014. In March 2014, Buzolic appeared in two episodes of the fourth season of ABC Family's "Pretty Little Liars" as Dean Stavros, Spencer's (Troian Bellisario) substance abuse counselor. He reprised his role in the fifth and sixth episodes of the sixth season. In March 2022 it was announced that he would appear in Legacies as Kol Mikaelson.


title: Shoto Todoroki

text: , also known by the mononym , is a superhero and one of the main protagonists of the manga series "My Hero Academia", created by Kōhei Horikoshi. Being the only child who inherited both Endeavor and Rei's Quirks, Shoto was often separated from his siblings. After witnessing how Endeavor abused his mother, Shoto began to despise Endeavor and refused to use his fire powers as a result, though he began to use them more after a fight with Izuku Midoriya.


title: Shoto Todoroki

text: Shoto's Quirk is , which allows him to shoot flames from the left side of his body and freeze things with the right side of his body. However, there are drawbacks to either side's overuse. Shoto has received positive reception by critics, with many praising his character development and origins in the anime.


title: Shoto Todoroki

text: Shoto was the fourth student in class 1-A to be created by Horikoshi, following Izuku Midoriya, Katsuki Bakugo, and Ochaco Uraraka. Originally Horikoshi had intended the UA Sports Festival solely to develop Shoto's character, though later had to expand it to give more characters a chance to be in the spotlight.


title: Shoto Todoroki

text: Shoto is the youngest of four siblings from Endeavor (Enji Todoroki) and Rei Todoroki. However, unlike his siblings, Shoto was the only one who inherited both Endeavor and Rei's quirks, which was Endeavor's goal with the marriage, as he wanted a successor who could defeat All Might. While Shoto was a child, his mother poured boiling hot water on the right side of his face, creating the scar seen on the right of his face. During this time, Endeavor often abused his mother Rei, which negatively effected both Shoto's mental health and his feelings towards his father. Due to this distaste for his father, he refused to use the fire portion of his quirk. After the his fight against Izuku Midoriya in the UA Sports Festival, Shoto began to be more accepting of his fire powers. Shoto also became more sociable as a result.


title: Shoto Todoroki

text: Shoto's quirk is Half-Cold Half-Hot, which allows him to freeze things with the right side of his body and shoot flames from the left side of his body. After overcoming the reluctance to use his flame powers, he learns different ways to combine both powers effectively. However, overuse of his powers could cause him to suffer from frostbite or heat stroke.


title: Shoto Todoroki

text: In the series' anime adaptation, Shoto is voiced by Yuki Kaji in Japanese and David Matranga in English. In the stage play, he is portrayed by Ryō Kitamura.


title: Shoto Todoroki

text: Shoto was added to the crossover video game "Jump Force" as a DLC character on May 26, 2020. In a crossover promotion with "", Shoto shared a brief conversation with Thor.


title: Shoto Todoroki

text: Shoto has consistently ranked in the top three in popularity polls for the series alongside Izuku Midoriya and Katsuki Bakugo. In Tumblr's top anime and manga characters of 2020, Shoto ranked seventh. At the 2nd Crunchyroll Anime Awards, Shoto won the award for best boy.


title: Shoto Todoroki

text: Alex Osborn from "IGN" praised Shoto and his origins as emotional. Daniel Kurland from "Den of Geek" also offered some praise, stating that Shoto was one of the coolest characters of the series. The Anime UK News reviewer praised the character, as well as his voice actor in both the original Japanese and English dubbed versions. Princess Weekes and Briana Lawrence of "The Mary Sue" also offered praise for Shoto, specifically for his character development and personality. Brittney Hemmands of "Comic Book Resources" felt that Shoto became less likeable as the series progressed. Götz Piesbergen from Splash Comics praised the character as unique and enjoyable. Mickaël Géreaume from Planete BD praised Shoto as an endearing character. Columnists from Manga News praised the character development and origin story of Shoto.


title: Guillaume Apollinaire

text: Guillaume Apollinaire (; 26 August 1880 – 9 November 1918) was a French poet, playwright, short story writer, novelist, and art critic of Polish descent.


title: Guillaume Apollinaire

text: Apollinaire is considered one of the foremost poets of the early 20th century, as well as one of the most impassioned defenders of Cubism and a forefather of Surrealism. He is credited with coining the term "Cubism" in 1911 to describe the emerging art movement, the term Orphism in 1912, and the term "Surrealism" in 1917 to describe the works of Erik Satie. He wrote poems without punctuation attempting to be resolutely modern in both form and subject. Apollinaire wrote one of the earliest Surrealist literary works, the play "The Breasts of Tiresias" (1917), which became the basis for Francis Poulenc's 1947 opera "Les mamelles de Tirésias".


title: Guillaume Apollinaire

text: Influenced by Symbolist poetry in his youth, he was admired during his lifetime by the young poets who later formed the nucleus of the Surrealist group (Breton, Aragon, Soupault). He revealed very early on an originality that freed him from any school of influence and made him one of the precursors of the literary revolution of the first half of the 20th century. His art is not based on any theory, but on a simple principle: the act of creating must come from the imagination, from intuition, because it must be as close as possible to life, to nature, to the environment, and to the human being.


title: Guillaume Apollinaire

text: Apollinaire was also active as a journalist and art critic for "Le Matin", "L'Intransigeant", "L'Esprit nouveau", "Mercure de France", and "Paris Journal". In 1912 Apollinaire cofounded "Les Soirées de Paris", an artistic and literary magazine.


title: Guillaume Apollinaire

text: Two years after being wounded in World War I, Apollinaire died during the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918 and was recognized as "Fallen for France" ("Mort pour la France") because of his commitment during the war.


title: Guillaume Apollinaire

text: Wilhelm Albert Włodzimierz Apolinary Kostrowicki was born in Rome, Italy, and was raised speaking French, Italian, and Polish. He emigrated to France in his late teens and adopted the name Guillaume Apollinaire. His mother, born Angelika Kostrowicka, was a Polish-Lithuanian noblewoman born near Navahrudak, Grodno Governorate (former Grand Duchy of Lithuania, present-day Belarus). His maternal grandfather participated in the 1863 uprising against occupying Russia and had to emigrate when the uprising failed. Apollinaire's father is unknown but may have been Francesco Costantino Camillo Flugi d'Aspermont (born 1835), a Graubünden aristocrat who disappeared early from Apollinaire's life. Francesco Flugi von Aspermont was a nephew of Conradin Flugi d'Aspermont (1787–1874), a poet who wrote in ladin putèr (an official language dialect of Switzerland spoken in Engiadina ota), and perhaps also of the Minnesänger Oswald von Wolkenstein (born c. 1377, died 2 August 1445; see "Les ancêtres Grisons du poète Guillaume Apollinaire" at Généanet).


title: Guillaume Apollinaire

text: Apollinaire eventually moved from Rome to Paris in 1900 and became one of the most popular members of the artistic community of Paris (both in Montmartre and Montparnasse). His friends and collaborators in that period included Pablo Picasso, Henri Rousseau, Gertrude Stein, Max Jacob, André Salmon, André Breton, André Derain, Faik Konitza, Blaise Cendrars, Giuseppe Ungaretti, Pierre Reverdy, Alexandra Exter, Jean Cocteau, Erik Satie, Ossip Zadkine, Marc Chagall, Marcel Duchamp and Jean Metzinger. He became romantically involved with Marie Laurencin, who is often identified as his muse. While there, he dabbled in anarchism and spoke out as a Dreyfusard in defense of Dreyfus's innocence.


title: Guillaume Apollinaire

text: Metzinger painted the first Cubist portrait of Apollinaire. In his "Vie anecdotique" (16 October 1911), the poet proudly writes: "I am honoured to be the first model of a Cubist painter, Jean Metzinger, for a portrait exhibited in 1910 at the Salon des Indépendants." It was not only the first Cubist portrait, according to Apollinaire, but it was also the first great portrait of the poet exhibited in public, prior to others by Louis Marcoussis, Amedeo Modigliani, Mikhail Larionov and Picasso.


title: Guillaume Apollinaire

text: In 1911 he joined the Puteaux Group, a branch of the Cubist movement soon to be known as the Section d'Or. The opening address of the 1912 Salon de la Section d'Or—the most important pre-World War I Cubist exhibition—was given by Apollinaire.


title: Guillaume Apollinaire

text: On 7 September 1911, police arrested and jailed him on suspicion of aiding and abetting the theft of the "Mona Lisa" and a number of Egyptian statuettes from the Louvre, but released him a week later. The theft of the statues had been committed in 1907 by a former secretary of Apollinaire, Honoré Joseph Géry Pieret, who had recently returned one of the stolen statues to the French newspaper the "Paris-Journal". Apollinaire implicated his friend Picasso, who had bought Iberian statues from Pieret, and who was also brought in for questioning in the theft of the "Mona Lisa", but he was also exonerated. The theft of the "Mona Lisa" was perpetrated by Vincenzo Peruggia, an Italian house painter who acted alone and was only caught two years later when he tried to sell the painting in Florence.


title: Guillaume Apollinaire

text: Apollinaire wrote the preface for the first Cubist exposition outside of Paris; "VIII Salon des Indépendants", Brussels, 1911. In an open-handed preface to the catalogue of the Brussels Indépendants show, Apollinaire stated that these 'new painters' accepted the name of Cubists which has been given to them. He described Cubism as a new manifestation and high art ["manifestation nouvelle et très élevée de l'art"], not a system that constrains talent ["non-point un système contraignant les talents"], and the differences which characterize not only the talents but even the styles of these artists are an obvious proof of this. The artists involved with this new movement, according to Apollinaire, included Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Robert Delaunay, Fernand Léger, and Henri Le Fauconnier. By 1912 others had joined the Cubists: Jacques Villon, Marcel Duchamp, Raymond Duchamp-Villon, Francis Picabia, Juan Gris, and Roger de La Fresnaye, among them.


title: Guillaume Apollinaire

text: The term Orphism was coined by Apollinaire at the Salon de la Section d'Or in 1912, referring to the works of Robert Delaunay and František Kupka. During his lecture at the Section d'Or exhibit Apollinaire presented three of Kupka's abstract works as perfect examples of "pure painting", as anti-figurative as music.


title: Guillaume Apollinaire

text: In "Les Peintres Cubistes, Méditations Esthétiques" (1913) Apollinaire described Orphism as "the art of painting new totalities with elements that the artist does not take from visual reality, but creates entirely by himself. [...] An Orphic painter's works should convey an "untroubled aesthetic pleasure", but at the same time a "meaningful structure and sublime significance". According to Apollinaire Orphism represented a move towards a completely new art-form, much as music was to literature.


title: Guillaume Apollinaire

text: The term Surrealism was first used by Apollinaire concerning the ballet "Parade" in 1917. The poet Arthur Rimbaud wanted to be a visionary, to perceive the hidden side of things within the realm of another reality. In continuity with Rimbaud, Apollinaire went in search of a hidden and mysterious reality. The term "surrealism" appeared for the first time in March 1917 (Chronologie de Dada et du surréalisme, 1917) in a letter by Apollinaire to Paul Dermée: "All things considered, I think in fact it is better to adopt surrealism than supernaturalism, which I first used" ["Tout bien examiné, je crois en effet qu'il vaut mieux adopter surréalisme que surnaturalisme que j'avais d'abord employé"].


title: Guillaume Apollinaire

text: He described "Parade" as "a kind of surrealism" ("une sorte de surréalisme") when he wrote the program note the following week, thus coining the word three years before Surrealism emerged as an art movement in Paris.


title: Guillaume Apollinaire

text: Apollinaire served as an infantry officer in World War I and, in 1916, received a serious shrapnel wound to the temple, from which he would never fully recover. He wrote "Les Mamelles de Tirésias" while recovering from this wound. During this period he coined the word "Surrealism" in the programme notes for Jean Cocteau's and Erik Satie's ballet "Parade", first performed on 18 May 1917. He also published an artistic manifesto, "L'Esprit nouveau et les poètes". Apollinaire's status as a literary critic is most famous and influential in his recognition of the Marquis de Sade, whose works were for a long time obscure , yet arising in popularity as an influence upon the Dada and Surrealist art movements going on in Montparnasse at the beginning of the twentieth century as, "The freest spirit that ever existed."


title: Guillaume Apollinaire

text: The war-weakened Apollinaire died at the age of 38 on 9 November 1918 of influenza during the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918 ravaging Europe at the time, two years after being wounded in World War I. Due to his military service for the duration of the war, he was declared "Dead for France" ("Mort pour la France") by the French government. He was interred in the Père Lachaise Cemetery, Paris.


title: Guillaume Apollinaire

text: In 1900 he wrote his first novel "Mirely, ou le petit trou pas cher" (pornographic), which was eventually lost. Apollinaire's first collection of poetry was "L'enchanteur pourrissant" (1909), but "Alcools" (1913) established his reputation. The poems, influenced in part by the Symbolists, juxtapose the old and the new, combining traditional poetic forms with modern imagery. In 1913, Apollinaire published the essay "Les Peintres Cubistes, Méditations Esthétiques" on the Cubist painters, a movement which he helped to define. He also coined the term "orphism" to describe a tendency towards absolute abstraction in the paintings of Robert Delaunay and others.


title: Guillaume Apollinaire

text: In 1907 Apollinaire published the well-known erotic novel, "The Eleven Thousand Rods" ("Les Onze Mille Verges"). Officially banned in France until 1970, various printings of it circulated widely for many years. Apollinaire never publicly acknowledged authorship of the novel. Another erotic novel attributed to him was "The Exploits of a Young Don Juan (Les exploits d'un jeune Don Juan)", in which the 15-year-old hero fathers three children with various members of his entourage, including his aunt. Apollinaire's gift to Picasso of the original 1907 manuscript was one of the artist's most prized possessions. The book was made into a movie in 1987.


title: Guillaume Apollinaire

text: Shortly after his death, Mercure de France published "Calligrammes", a collection of his concrete poetry (poetry in which typography and layout adds to the overall effect), and more orthodox, though still modernist poems informed by Apollinaire's experiences in the First World War and in which he often used the technique of automatic writing.


title: Guillaume Apollinaire

text: In his youth Apollinaire lived for a short while in Belgium, mastering the Walloon dialect sufficiently to write poetry, some of which has survived.


title: Trump University

text: Trump University (also known as the Trump Wealth Institute and Trump Entrepreneur Initiative LLC) was an American company that ran a real estate training program from 2005 until 2010. It was owned and operated by The Trump Organization. A separate organization, Trump Institute, was licensed by Trump University but not owned by The Trump Organization. In 2011, amid multiple investigations, lawsuits and student complaints, it ceased operations. It was founded by Donald Trump and his associates, Michael Sexton and Jonathan Spitalny, in 2004. The company offered courses in real estate, asset management, entrepreneurship, and wealth creation.


title: Trump University

text: Despite its name, the organization was not an accredited university or college. It conducted three- and five-day seminars (often labeled "retreats") and used high-pressure tactics to sell these to its customers. It did not confer college credit, grant degrees, or grade its students. In 2011, the company became the subject of an inquiry by the New York Attorney General's office for illegal business practices which resulted in a lawsuit filed in August 2013. An article in the "National Review" described the organization as a "massive scam".


title: Trump University

text: Trump University was also the subject of two class actions in federal court. The lawsuits centered around allegations that Trump University defrauded its students by using misleading marketing practices and engaging in aggressive sales tactics. The company and the lawsuits against it received renewed interest due to Trump's candidacy in the 2016 presidential election. Despite repeatedly insisting he would not settle, Trump settled all three lawsuits in November 2016 for a total of $25 million after being elected president.


title: Trump University

text: Michael Sexton created a business plan for a real estate training program and presented it to Donald Trump looking to pay Trump a flat fee for the use of his name. Trump instead decided he wanted to be the principal owner.


title: Trump University

text: Trump University was incorporated in 2004 by Trump, Sexton, and Spitalny, as a New York limited liability company. Donald Trump owned 93% of the company. On May 23, 2005, Trump University formally launched its education program. At the opening presentation, Trump said: "If I had a choice of making lots of money or imparting lots of knowledge, I think I'd be as happy to impart knowledge as to make money." According to "The Washington Post", part of the school sales pitch was, "the billionaire had made enough money for himself. Now, he would put his famous brain to work for the little guy". High prices were charged for seminars and programs not to enrich Trump, but so that (as one teacher explained to students) “you assume personal responsibility for doing the work.”


title: Trump University

text: The company's original business plan focused on online education, but quickly expanded to include live, in-person instruction as well. The focus of the instruction was real estate investing, with Trump claiming in advertisements: "I can turn anyone into a successful real estate investor, including you." Typically the instruction began with an introductory seminar in rented space such as a hotel ballroom. At the introductory seminar, students were urged to sign up for additional classes, ranging from $1,495 seminars to a $35,000 "Gold Elite" program. Records produced indicate 7,611 tickets in total were sold to customers attending courses. Approximately 6,000 of these tickets were for a $1,500 3-day course and 1,000 tickets were for silver, gold or elite mentored courses ranging in price from $10,000 to $35,000. While not licensed as a college nor using student loans, the operation used many of the same tactics as predatory colleges: preying on the vulnerable populations, implying that the school offers a fast track to financial security, and creating the impression that the recruiter is a friendly advisor.


title: Trump University

text: Trump claimed that students gave 98% favorable reviews to the program, but according to some former students, Trump University employees pressured students to offer favorable reviews, told them they had to fill out the forms in order to obtain graduation certificates, and did not undertake procedures often used to ensure that surveys were filled out objectively.


title: Trump University

text: In an infomercial, Trump said he "hand-picked" Trump University's instructors. He testified in a 2012 deposition, however, that he never selected the instructors for the program. According to Michael Sexton, Trump signed off on the school's advertisements. For a time in 2008, it used the name Trump Wealth Institute. In June 2010, "Trump University" changed its name to "The Trump Entrepreneur Initiative". It largely ceased operations in 2010.


title: Trump University

text: The Trump Institute was a separate business. It was licensed by Trump University, and Donald Trump received a cut of every seat sold, but Trump University did not own any part of it. It was owned and operated by Irene and Mike Milin of Boca Raton, Florida. It offered real estate seminars from 2006 to 2009, at which point the licensing agreement expired and was not renewed. Trump himself was not involved in the operation of the Trump Institute, but he recorded a broadcast infomercial promoting it and appeared in an introductory video before each seminar.


title: Trump University

text: Three lawsuits were filed asserting that Trump University engaged in a variety of illegal business practices, ranging from false claims to racketeering. Two were federal class actions: one against Trump University and its managers, including Donald Trump, and one against Donald Trump personally. A third case was filed in New York State court.


title: Trump University

text: In 2005, the New York State Department of Education sent Trump, Sexton, and Trump University a letter saying that they were violating state law by using the word "university" when in fact Trump University was not actually chartered as one and did not have the required license to offer live instruction or training. Although Sexton promised the organization would stop instructing students in New York State, the New York Attorney General alleged that such instruction continued.


title: Trump University

text: A March 2010 letter sent to Trump by the Deputy Commissioner for Higher Education, Joseph Frey, stated: "Use of the word 'university' by your corporation is misleading and violates New York Education Law and the Rules of the Board of Regents." In June 2010, "Trump University" changed its name to "The Trump Entrepreneur Initiative".


title: Trump University

text: On August 24, 2013, the State of New York filed a $40 million civil suit against Trump University alleging illegal business practices and false claims made by the company. According to a press release from New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman, the case was to be handled by Assistant Attorneys General Tristan C. Snell and Melvin L. Goldberg, under the supervision of the Bureau of Consumer Frauds and Protection’s Deputy Bureau Chief Laura J. Levine, Bureau Chief Jane M. Azia, and Executive Deputy Attorney General for Economic Justice Karla G. Sanchez. Schneiderman described Trump University as a bait-and-switch scheme. He accused Trump of misleading more than 5,000 people to pay up to $35,000 to learn his real estate investment techniques.


title: Trump University

text: Trump denied the allegations, claiming the school had a 98% approval rating, and said Schneiderman was "a political hack looking to get publicity". Trump filed a complaint alleging that the state Attorney General's investigation was accompanied by a campaign donation shakedown; the complaint was investigated by a New York ethics board and dismissed in August 2015. Because of strict confidentiality laws, it is unknown whether the complaint was dismissed because Trump's claims were untrue, or because Schneiderman's alleged actions did not contravene any ethical rules.


title: Trump University

text: In October 2014, a New York judge found Trump personally liable for operating the company without the required business license.


title: Trump University

text: In May 2010, the consumer protection division of the state of Texas sought permission from the office of the Attorney General of Texas to file a law suit against Trump University. An investigation by the consumer protection division had found the company was “engaging in false, misleading and deceptive practices” and had defrauded Texas taxpayers out of $2.6 million. According to John Owens, the Texas attorney general’s deputy chief of consumer protection at the time, an estimated 267 Texans spent more than $425,000 on the three-day seminars, and 39 purchased Trump's “Gold Elite” package of additional classes and other perks costing $35,000 each. Another 150 "university" customers from Texas spent more than $826,000 on other goods and services. According to the investigation,


title: Trump University

text: The 'free workshops' are merely a selling ground for the Defendant Trump U's 3-day seminars and offer little useable content. The training materials we have reviewed indicate that Trump University 3-day seminar attendees are taught to prey upon homeowners in financial turmoil and to target foreclosure properties. ... Defendants falsely assert at these 'free workshops' that classes are approved continuing education credit for Realtors, but Trump University courses were not approved by the Texas Real Estate Commission, nor was Trump University an accredited institution with the legal credentials to call itself a "university.""


title: Trump University

text: The lawsuit proposed by the consumer protection division sought to recover more than $2.6 million for Texas taxpayers who had been students at the "university" had "spent on seminars and materials, plus another $2.8 million in penalties and fees".


title: Trump University

text: The investigation was dropped and no lawsuit was filed, but Trump University agreed to cease operations in Texas. (The attorney general Greg Abbott went on to become governor, and the deputy chief of consumer protection Owens later alleged that Abbott's decision "not to sue [Trump] was political” -- Trump later donated $35,000 to Abbott's campaign for governor. Abbott's communications director called the charge "absurd", and Trump University "disputed that its classes were deceptive".)


title: Trump University

text: Tarla Makaeff, who paid nearly $60,000 to Trump University in 2008, brought a class action against Trump University on April 30, 2010, in the U.S. District Court for Southern California. The suit, "Makaeff v. Trump University, LLC", sought refunds for Makaeff and other former clients of Trump University, as well as punitive damages for breach of contract, fraud, negligent misrepresentation and bad faith. It did not originally name Donald Trump as a defendant, but did so in a later amended complaint. In February 2014, U.S. district court judge Gonzalo P. Curiel denied recognition to the nationwide class the plaintiffs had requested and recognized the suit as class-action on the part of Trump University clients in three states—California, Florida, and New York—based on specific alleged violations of the consumer protection laws of those states. He also narrowed the case to five of the plaintiffs' original 14 charges.


title: Trump University

text: On May 26, 2010, Trump University filed a counterclaim alleging Makaeff had made defamatory statements about Trump University, "including many completely spurious accusations of actual crimes", which caused Trump University losses of more than $1 million. On June 30, 2010, Makaeff countered that Trump University's defamation claim was an attempt to intimidate her, known as a SLAPP suit (a strategic lawsuit against public participation), and that because Trump University is a "public figure" the defamation claim required proof that she "acted with actual malice" when speaking and writing about Trump University. By invoking California's anti-SLAPP statute, Makaeff triggered procedures that hastened consideration of the defamation claim without further discovery.


title: Trump University

text: On August 23, 2010, U.S. district judge Irma E. Gonzalez ruled that Trump University was not a public figure, did not need to show malice on Makaeff's part, and could proceed with its defamation claim. Makaeff appealed to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, where a three-judge panel ruled unanimously on April 17, 2013, that Trump University is a "limited-purpose public figure" and that Trump University must demonstrate malice on Makaeff's part to establish defamation; it returned the case to the district court to consider the defamation claim against that standard. After additional briefing, U.S. district judge Gonzalo P. Curiel ruled in Makaeff's favor on June 16, 2014, and dismissed the defamation claim. Makaeff then, at the court's invitation, presented evidence of her legal costs and fees in connection with the defamation litigation. She asked for $1.3 million, and on April 20, 2015, Curiel ordered Trump University to reimburse Makaeff $798,000 in legal fees and costs.


title: Trump University

text: In November 2015, the district court ruled on Trump's motion for summary judgment. In a 44-page opinion, the court denied Trump's motion for summary judgment on most of the claims, finding that there was a genuine issue of fact on plaintiffs' claims of deceptive practices and misrepresentation in advertisements in violation of California, Florida, and New York consumer protection and business law and therefore letting these claims proceed to trial. The court did grant summary judgment in Trump's favor on plaintiffs' request for an injunction, because Trump University stopped enrolling students in July 2010 and no longer sold the same seminars or other programs.


title: Trump University

text: On March 21, 2016, over objections from the attorneys for Trump University, Curiel allowed Makaeff to withdraw as the lead plaintiff, naming Sonny Low in her stead, resulting in the case title "Low v. Trump University, LLC".


title: Trump University

text: On October 18, 2013, California businessman Art Cohen filed a civil suit, "Art Cohen v. Donald J. Trump", in the U.S. District Court for Southern California, as a class action on behalf of consumers throughout the United States who purchased services known as "Live Events" from Trump University after January 1, 2007. It alleged violations of the RICO statute, essentially a scheme to defraud. It accused Trump of misrepresenting Trump University "to make tens of millions of dollars" while actually delivering "neither Donald Trump nor a university". The suit named Donald Trump as the sole defendant and sought restitution as well as damages, including punitive and treble damages.


title: Trump University

text: In an order dated October 24, 2014, U.S. district judge Gonzalo P. Curiel certified the class proposed by the plaintiff and ruled that Cohen had presented enough evidence to allow the case to proceed. Alan Garten, general counsel for the Trump Organization, said Trump University would appeal Curiel's ruling, which he said showed a "manifest disregard for the law". In October 2015, Garten also said Trump would ask Curiel to recuse himself because of his "animosity toward Mr. Trump and his views". However, Trump's lawyers never filed any motion to recuse, and according to legal experts such a motion would lack legal merit and possibly be considered frivolous.


title: Trump University

text: In May 2016, Curiel set the trial on the suit to begin November 28, 2016, after the U.S. presidential election, with jury selection several weeks earlier.


title: Trump University

text: In August 2016, the district court denied Trump's motion for summary judgment, ruling that there was sufficient evidence against Trump for the case to go to a jury.


title: Trump University

text: On November 10, 2016, Curiel denied a request by Trump to delay the trial until after his inauguration. At the same time, Curiel urged the parties to work toward a settlement, and both sides accepted an offer from U.S. district judge Jeffrey T. Miller to facilitate such talks.


title: Trump University

text: On May 27, 2016, Curiel granted a request by "The Washington Post" for public release of certain documents that had been filed in the case. He noted that they were "routine" and many were already publicly available. The released information included "playbooks" documenting instructions for employees to use a hard-sell approach, as well as depositions in which former employees said that Trump University had defrauded or lied to its students.


title: Trump University

text: On August 2, 2016, the court denied a request by "The Washington Post" and other media organizations for the public release of hours of videotaped testimony from Trump's two depositions in "Cohen", taken in November 2015 and January 2016. Transcripts of those depositions had already been released, showing "that Trump repeatedly indicated that he had never met instructors at Trump University, despite advertisements for the program indicating that its staff had been hand-picked by the real estate mogul." Trump's attorneys had opposed the requests to release the videotapes. Curiel ruled that there was a legitimate public interest in the content of the deposition, but that interest was satisfied via public release of the transcripts. The judge also noted that if the videos were publicly released, it was "nigh-inevitable" that the footage would be used in news accounts and political ads, which might prejudice the jury pool pre-trial.


title: Trump University

text: During primary campaign speeches, Trump repeatedly called the judge a "hater" and described him as "Spanish" or "Mexican" (Curiel was born in Indiana to parents who had immigrated to the U.S. from Mexico). Trump also said Curiel should recuse himself, although his attorneys said they did not plan to ask for the judge to be removed from the case. Curiel's only comment was to write in a procedural ruling that Trump has "placed the integrity of these court proceedings at issue". Trump's references to Curiel's ethnicity, as well as his comments that "someone ought to look into" the judge, alarmed legal experts, who expressed concern about the effects of the comments on judicial independence.


title: Trump University

text: On June 7, 2016, Trump issued a lengthy statement saying his criticism of the judge had been "misconstrued" and that his concerns about Curiel's impartiality were not based upon ethnicity alone, but also upon rulings in the case.


title: Trump University

text: On November 18, 2016, it was reported that Trump had agreed to pay $25 million to settle the two class actions and the New York suit. The settlement was reached 10 days before the San Diego class action was scheduled to go to trial. $21 million will go to the participants in the class actions, $3 million will go to New Yorkers not covered by the class actions, and a penalty of up to $1 million will be assessed by the state of New York for running an unlicensed university. The plaintiffs' attorneys agreed to forgo their fees and work "pro bono" as to maximize the amount that would go to the approximately 7,000 former Trump University students involved in the case. The settlement also specified that Trump, who had previously vowed he would never settle, did not admit to any wrongdoing. The settlement was brokered by U.S. district judge Jeffrey T. Miller, who offered his services to the parties on November 10 at Curiel's request. Curiel approved the settlement on March 31, 2017.


title: Trump University

text: New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman said the settlement and payment by Trump, "is a stunning reversal by Donald Trump and a major victory for the over 6,000 victims of his fraudulent university." Trump himself said he settled "for a small fraction of the potential award" because he was too busy as president-elect to take it to trial. He added: "The ONLY bad thing about winning the Presidency is that I did not have the time to go through a long but winning trial on Trump U. Too bad!"


title: Trump University

text: Final payment of the settlement was put on hold, because one member of the class opted out of the settlement to pursue an individual claim. A district court and an appeals court rejected that individual's claim, and Curiel finalized the settlement in April 2018. Former students can now get a refund of up to 90% of the money they spent on courses.


title: Trump University

text: The settlement was not paid by Trump but by his Las Vegas hotel business partner, billionaire Phil Ruffin. In February 2019, during a meeting of the US House Committee on Oversight and Reform, Congresswoman Jackie Speier suggested "a Kansan", later revealed to be Ruffin, had paid $25 million to satisfy Trump's liability in the Trump University judgement. Ruffin admitted to paying Trump $28 million in 2018, but claimed it was for "back-fees" related to Trump International Hotel Las Vegas and unrelated to the Trump University case.


title: Trump University

text: In 2010, the office of Texas Attorney General Greg Abbott investigated Trump University. No suit was brought, but after exchanging communications with investigators that included requests from the investigators for customer lists and internal documents, Trump University closed its operations in the state. These had included newspaper advertising, free presentations, and three-day seminars. Six years later, during the 2016 presidential election, the Associated Press found that during Abbott's successful run for state governor in the 2014 Texas gubernatorial election, Trump had donated $35,000 to his campaign. "Texas Monthly" questioned whether Abbott had treated Trump with especial favor. Ken Paxton, who succeeded Abbott as Texas Attorney General, sent a cease and desist letter to the former Deputy Chief of Consumer Protection, John Owens, who said he had been told to drop the case and had forwarded previously undisclosed documents to the Associated Press. Paxton said in a statement that Owens had released "confidential and privileged information". David S. Morales, the Deputy Attorney General in 2010, admitted in 2016 that he had quashed the 5.4 million dollar suit without discussing the issue with Abbott. In 2018, Trump nominated Morales to serve as a judge at the District Court for the Southern District of Texas.


title: Trump University

text: The office of Florida Attorney General Pam Bondi announced in September 2013 that it was considering joining a New York lawsuit against Trump University. Four days later, the Donald J. Trump Foundation donated $25,000 to "And Justice for All", a 527 group supporting Bondi's re-election campaign. Following this, Bondi declined to join New York. According to a Bondi spokesman, Bondi had personally solicited the donation from Trump several weeks before her office announced it was considering joining the lawsuit. In March 2016, Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW) filed a complaint with the IRS about the potentially illegal donation. In September 2016, it was reported that the donation violated laws against political contributions from nonprofit organizations, and that Donald Trump had reimbursed the foundation from his own money and paid the IRS a $2,500 excise tax as a penalty. Trump denied the donation was connected to the Trump University lawsuit, saying it was for Bondi's performance as Attorney General. The White House announced in November 2019 that Bondi would be joining its staff temporarily for handling communications about the ongoing impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump, prompting objection from ethics watchdogs.


title: Trump University

text: During the Republican presidential primaries of 2016, opponents of Trump's candidacy used Trump University to criticize him. Mitt Romney said in early March: "Donald Trump is a phony, a fraud. His promises are as worthless as a degree from Trump University." Senators Ted Cruz and Marco Rubio raised the subject during televised debates in February and March. One debate moderator, Megyn Kelly of Fox News, pursued the issue at length. Trump responded that Trump University was "a small business" and student evaluations were overwhelmingly positive. He said lawsuits were a routine part of business and that he wins most of them. Of one of the class actions he said: "It's something I could have settled many times. I could settle it right now for very little money, but I don't want to do it out of principle." Hillary Clinton used the Trump University allegations against Trump in speeches and campaign ads.


title: Trump University

text: Trump University was also the butt of jokes in a "Will and Grace" mini-episode released in September 2016, created to get out the vote for the 2016 presidential election. In it, Karen says she sent her Latina maid, Rosario, to Trump University for a course on "dusting".


title: Drew Lachey

text: Andrew John Lachey (born August 8, 1976) is an American singer and actor. He is known as a member of 98 Degrees, the winner of the second season of "Dancing with the Stars", and the younger brother of Nick Lachey.


title: Drew Lachey

text: Drew Lachey was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was a combat medic in the United States Army, was an emergency medical technician (EMT) in NYC, worked in a deli, and was a camp counselor at the age of 16. He attended the Clovernook Elementary School in North College Hill, Ohio (a suburb of Cincinnati, Ohio) then attended the School for Creative and Performing Arts (SCPA) in the Cincinnati, Ohio Public School District.


title: Drew Lachey

text: Lachey was a member of the pop group 98 Degrees, alongside his brother, Nick Lachey, and other band members, Justin Jeffre and Jeff Timmons. Since 98 Degrees, Lachey made a guest appearance on "Hollywood Squares" in 2001, performed on Broadway as Mark Cohen in the musical "Rent" from January 3 to March 21, 2005, and has also had several guest appearances on Nick's MTV show "". In June 2008, Lachey joined the Broadway company of "Monty Python's Spamalot" as Patsy, the faithful manservant to King Arthur and stayed with the show for three months.


title: Drew Lachey

text: Lachey was a celebrity dancer on the second season of "Dancing with the Stars" with professional dance partner Cheryl Burke. At the beginning of the sixth week of competition (aired in February 2006), Lachey and Burke earned a perfect score of 30 with their tango. In the eighth and final week, they earned a score of 30 on each of their two dances, the Paso Doble and freestyle, giving them the highest score for the week. On February 26, 2006, they were crowned the champions of "Dancing with the Stars".


title: Drew Lachey

text: Lachey co-hosted the 2006 Miss USA pageant with "Access Hollywood" star Nancy O'Dell. The pageant aired live on NBC from Baltimore, Maryland on April 21, 2006.


title: Drew Lachey

text: From December 2006 to February 2007, Drew toured both Canada and the United States for the "Dancing with the Stars Tour". On the April 17, 2007 results show, Lachey made a surprise appearance to reprise his "Save a Horse (Ride a Cowboy)" freestyle dance with Cheryl Burke. He co-hosted the first 3 weeks of the fifth season of "Dancing with the Stars", temporarily replacing Samantha Harris during her maternity leave. He also stepped in for Tom for one episode. When Gloria Estefan had to pull out of the October 16, 2007 results show for personal reasons, Lachey returned to dance a foxtrot with Cheryl.


title: Drew Lachey

text: Drew was featured on the show "Overhaulin'" when brother Nick worked with Chip Foose to steal and customize Drew's 1967 Ford truck.


title: Drew Lachey

text: Lachey was also presenter of HGTV's spring 2009 series the reality show where five neighboring families competed for the chance to win $250,000 to pay off their mortgage by competing in home-improvement challenges.


title: Drew Lachey

text: In 2010, he played the role of Corny Collins in a production of "Hairspray" at Pittsburgh's Benedum Center.


title: Drew Lachey

text: Drew and design partner Sabrina Soto won the celebrity edition of HGTV's Showdown, "Battle of the Bonus Room" shown in July, 2009. The team beat designer Matthew Finlason and celebrity, Kristi Yamaguchi.


title: Drew Lachey

text: Lachey returned to "Dancing with the Stars" in its fifteenth season as one of the "All-Stars" contestants. This time he was partnered with Anna Trebunskaya. They were the third couple eliminated from the competition.


title: Drew Lachey

text: In May 2019, Lachey competed in the eleventh season of "American Ninja Warrior," where he was eliminated in the second obstacle in the Cincinnati city course. His performance aired on July 8, 2019.


title: Drew Lachey

text: Lachey married Lea Dellecave on October 14, 2000. They were childhood and high-school sweethearts, and she was the choreographer for 98 Degrees, as well as one of the dancers. Their daughter was born on March 23, 2006 in Los Angeles, California, weighing . Their son was born on May 15, 2010 in Cincinnati, Ohio. The two of them also run a Cincinnati-area performing arts day camp.


title: Clive Wearing

text: Clive Wearing (born 11 May 1938) is a British former musicologist, conductor, tenor and keyboardist who has chronic anterograde and retrograde amnesia. He lacks the ability to form new memories and cannot recall aspects of his memories, frequently believing that he has only recently awoken from a comatose state. In educational psychology contexts, Wearing's dual retrograde-anterograde amnesia phenomenon is often referred to as '30-second Clive' in reference to his 30-second episodic memory capacity.


title: Clive Wearing

text: Clive Wearing is an accomplished musician and is known for editing the works of Orlande de Lassus. Wearing sang at Westminster Cathedral as a tenor lay clerk for many years and also had a successful career as a chorus master and worked as such at Covent Garden and with the London Sinfonietta Chorus.


title: Clive Wearing

text: In 1968, he founded the Europa Singers of London, an amateur choir specialising in music of the 17th, 18th and 20th centuries. It won critical approval, especially for performances of the Monteverdi Vespers. In 1977, it gave the first performance in the Russian Cathedral of Sir John Tavener's setting of the Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom with Roderick Earle as bass soloist and subsequently made a recording (Ikon Records No. 9007). The Europa Singers also competed in the XXXII Concorso Polifonico Internazionale in Arezzo in 1984 and provided choruses for operas staged by the London Opera Centre, including Lully's Alceste and Mozart's Marriage of Figaro, which was performed at Sadler's Wells.


title: Clive Wearing

text: Wearing also organised The London Lassus Ensemble, designing and staging the 1982 London Lassus Festival to commemorate the composer's 450th Anniversary.


title: Clive Wearing

text: While he was working at the BBC, Wearing was made responsible for the musical content of BBC Radio 3 for much of 29 July 1981, the day of the royal wedding of Prince Charles and Diana Spencer. For that occasion, he chose to recreate, with authentic instruments and meticulously researched scores, the Bavarian royal wedding that took place in Munich on 22 February 1568. The music by Lassus, Padovano, de'Bardi, Palestrina, Gabrieli, Tallis and others was performed by the Taverner Consort, Choir and Players and the Natural Trumpet Ensemble of the Schola Cantorum Basiliensis, conducted by Andrew Parrott.


title: Clive Wearing

text: On 27 March 1985, Wearing, then an acknowledged expert in early music at the height of his career with BBC Radio 3, contracted herpesviral encephalitis, a herpes simplex virus that attacked his central nervous system. Since then, he has been unable to store new memories. He has also been unable to associate memories effectively or to control his emotions, exhibiting unstable moods.


title: Clive Wearing

text: Wearing developed a profound case of total amnesia as a result of his illness. Because of damage to the hippocampus (an area required to transfer memories from short-term to long-term memory), he is completely unable to form lasting new memories. His memory for events lasts between seven and thirty seconds. He spends every day 'waking up' every 20 seconds or so, 'restarting' his consciousness once the timespan of his short-term memory has elapsed. During this time, he repeatedly questions why he has not seen a doctor, as he constantly believes that he has only recently awoken from a comatose state. If he is engaged in conversation, he is able to provide answers to questions, but he cannot stay in the flow of conversation for longer than a few sentences and is angered if he is asked about his current situation.


title: Clive Wearing

text: Wearing remembers little of his life before 1985. He knows, for example, that he has children from an earlier marriage, but he cannot remember their names. His love for his second wife, Deborah, whom he married the year before his illness began, is undiminished. He greets her joyously every time they meet, believing either that he has not seen her in years or that they have never met before, even though she may have just left the room momentarily. When he goes out dining with his wife, he can remember the names of food, but he cannot link them with taste, as he forgets what food he is eating by the time it has reached his mouth.


title: Clive Wearing

text: In a diary provided by his carers, Wearing was encouraged to record his thoughts. Page after page was filled with entries similar to the following:


title: Clive Wearing

text: Earlier entries were usually crossed out, since he forgot having made an entry within minutes and dismissed the writings. He did not know how the entries were made or by whom, although he did recognise his own handwriting. Wishing to record 'waking up for the first time', he still wrote diary entries in 2007, more than 20 years after he started them.


title: Clive Wearing

text: Wearing can learn new procedures and even a very few facts, not from episodic memory or encoding, but by acquiring new procedural memories through repetition. For example, having watched a certain video recording multiple times on successive days, he never had any memory of ever seeing the video or knowing the content, but he was able to anticipate certain parts of the content without remembering how he learned them.


title: Clive Wearing

text: Despite having no memory of specific musical pieces when they are mentioned by name and an extremely limited recall of his previous musical knowledge, Wearing remains capable of playing complex piano and organ pieces, sight-reading and conducting a choir.


title: Clive Wearing

text: His story was told in a 1986 documentary entitled "Equinox: Prisoner of Consciousness", in which he was interviewed by Jonathan Miller. Neurologist Oliver Sacks mentions the documentary in his book "The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat". An updated story was told in the 2005 ITV documentary "The Man with the 7 Second Memory" (although Wearing's short-term memory span can be up to 30 seconds).


title: Clive Wearing

text: He was also featured in the 1988 PBS series, "The Mind", in Episode 1, "In Search of the Mind." A follow-up episode was aired in 1998 on the second edition of "The Mind" as "Life Without Memory: The Case of Clive Wearing."


title: Clive Wearing

text: He also appears in the 2006 documentary series "Time", where his case is used to illustrate the effect of losing one's perception of time.


title: Clive Wearing

text: His story was also told in episode No. 304 – 'Memory and Forgetting' on the show "Radio Lab" on New York Public Radio, WNYC.


title: Clive Wearing

text: Sacks wrote about Wearing himself in a chapter in his 2007 book, "", and an article in "The New Yorker" titled "The Abyss".


title: Clive Wearing

text: Sam Kean also discussed Wearing's life in the twelfth chapter of his 2014 book, "The Tale of the Dueling Neurosurgeons".


title: Texas Southern University

text: Texas Southern University (Texas Southern or TSU) is a public historically black university in Houston, Texas. The university is one of the largest and most comprehensive historically black college or universities in the USA with nearly 10,000 students enrolled and over 100 academic programs. The university is a member school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund and it is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".


title: Texas Southern University

text: Texas Southern University is an important institution in Houston's Third Ward. Alvia Wardlaw of "" wrote that the university serves as "the cultural and community center of" the Third Ward area where it is located, in addition to being its university. The university also serves as a notable economic resource for Greater Houston, contributing over $500 million to the region's gross sales and being directly and indirectly responsible for over 3,000 jobs.


title: Texas Southern University

text: Texas Southern University intercollegiate sports teams, the Tigers, compete in NCAA Division I and the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC). Texas Southern recruits nationwide for its Ocean of Soul marching band.


title: Texas Southern University

text: On March 7, 1927, the Houston Independent School District board resolved to establish junior colleges for each race, as the state was racially segregated in all public facilities. The resolution created Houston Junior College, which later became the University of Houston, and Houston Colored Junior College, which first held classes at Jack Yates High School during the evenings. The school's name was later changed to Houston College for Negroes in 1934.


title: Texas Southern University

text: In February 1946, Heman Marion Sweatt, an African American man, applied to the University of Texas School of Law. He was denied admission because of race, and subsequently filed suit in "Sweatt v. Painter" (1950). The state had no law school for African Americans. To avoid integrating the University of Texas Law School, the state of Texas made several offers to Heman Marion Sweatt to keep him from going to court. They offered to establish the Texas State University of Negroes which would include a law school. Some black leaders welcomed the idea of having another state supported university in Texas, while many others felt as though the university was created to solely avoid the integration of the University of Texas, as well as other white institutions. In the end, they did not grant Sweatt a "writ of mandamus" to attend the University of Texas, the trial court granted a continuance for six months to allow the state time to create a law school for blacks.


title: Texas Southern University

text: As a result, the Fiftieth Texas Legislature passed Texas Senate Bill 140 on March 3, 1947, authorizing and funding the creation of Texas State University for Negroes as the first state university to be located in Houston. The school was established to serve African Americans in Texas and offer them fields of study comparable to those available to white Texans. The state took over the Houston Independent School District (HISD)-run Houston College for Negroes as a basis for the new university. Houston College moved to the present site (adjacent to the University of Houston), which was donated by Hugh Roy Cullen. It had one permanent building and an existing faculty and students. The new university was charged with teaching "pharmacy, dentistry, arts and sciences, journalism, education, literature, law, medicine and other professional courses." The legislature stipulated that "these courses shall be equivalent to those offered at other institutions of this type supported by the State of Texas."


title: Texas Southern University

text: Given the differences in facilities and intangibles, such as the distance of the new school from Austin, the University of Texas School of Law, and other law students, the United States Supreme Court ruled the new facility did not satisfy "separate but equal" provisions. It ruled that African Americans must also be admitted to the University of Texas Law School at Austin. See "Sweatt v. Painter" (1950).


title: Texas Southern University

text: In March 1960, Texas Southern University students organized Houston's first sit-in at the Weingarten's lunch counter located at 4110 Almeda. The success of their efforts inspired more sit-ins throughout the city, which, within months, led to the desegregation of many of Houston's public establishments. Today, a historical marker commissioned by the Texas Historical Commission stands on the property of the first sit-in to commemorate the courageous acts of those TSU students. That property is now a U.S. Post Office. TSU journalism professor Serbino Sandifer-Walker worked for nearly two years with the Texas Historical Commission, the original students who led the march, and many other stakeholders, to have the historic marker designated on March 4, 2010, the fiftieth anniversary of that sit-in.


title: Texas Southern University

text: On May 17, 1967, it was reported that students at TSU rioted on campus. When officers responded thousands of shots were fired and there were injuries on both sides including a death of a police officer. Nearly 500 students were arrested. Although media sources reported this as a riot, there were no reports of looting, destruction of property, or resistance of any arrest. Furthermore, the reports failed to mention the prior invasion of police officers on campus, or the reports of students getting roughed up on campus. The police raid caused over $10,000 of damage and it was reported over 3,000 shots were fired into the Lanier dormitory. There was little coverage that, the five students whom were charged with conspiracy and incitement of riot were all exonerated due to lack of evidence, or that the police officer died not from student fire, but the ricochet of Houston Police Department bullets.


title: Texas Southern University

text: A Democratic presidential debate took place on September 12, 2019, in TSU's Health and Physical Education Arena.


title: Texas Southern University

text: The university drew national attention in early 2020 when the Governor of Texas appointed board of trustees targeted the university's sitting president and changed its bylaws to give the board the power to remove anyone employed by the university. The board first suspended and then fired president Austin Lane, alleging that he failed to inform them about allegations of fraud committed by a former assistant dean at the Thurgood Marshall School of Law. Lane disputed the allegations. Just prior to removing Lane, the board also changed its bylaws to allow it to "approve the termination of any position" at the university, a change that drew condemnation from several university governance experts as inappropriate micromanagement. In February 2020, the board of trustees publicly agreed there was no wrongdoing on the part of Lane and paid him nearly $900,000 in the buyout of his contract. A new president was to be named in 2020. In February 2020, one month prior to the visit of a site visit team representing the university's regional accreditor, the board partially repealed the new bylaws that allowed them to fire any university employee.


title: Texas Southern University

text: The university has more than 45 buildings on a urban gated campus centrally located in Houston. The campus is two miles southeast of Downtown Houston and five miles east of Uptown Houston. TSU is recognized as a "Tree Campus USA" school for its commitment to preserving and increasing campus trees.


title: Texas Southern University

text: The school's first structure was the Thornton B. Fairchild Building, built 1947–1948 and housing administration and classroom space. Temporary buildings served as faculty housing during that time. The Mack H. Hannah hall, designed by Lamar Q. Cato and opened in 1950, was the second building. In the late 1950s many more buildings opened, including classroom, dormitory, and student union facilities.


title: Texas Southern University

text: Completed in 2000, the exhibition space displays a variety of historical and contemporary art. The museum is the permanent home of the "Web of Life", a twenty-six-foot mural by world-renowned artist John T. Biggers, founding chairman of the TSU art department.


title: Texas Southern University

text: The building had two 1971 murals by Harvey Johnson, a longtime TSU art instructor, about African influences in U.S. culture and mothers: "Mothers of “the Fathers and the Son”" and "Dere’s a “Han Writin on de Wall”". He was educated by the founder of the TSU art school, Dr. John T. Biggers. It, as part of the Black Power movement, was Johnson's senior project, as the university at the time allowed its students to create murals on campus property. African American Vernacular English (AAVE) was a feature of the titles.


title: Texas Southern University

text: In 2008 incoming TSU president John Rudley had the murals painted over with white paint, stating that they were not high quality enough. A spokesperson initially stated that the painting over was an error but Rudley later stated it was intentional. The director of the university museum, Alvia J. Wardlaw, who teaches art history, expressed disagreement with the decision. The "Houston Chronicle" criticized the removal in an editorial. Johnson himself expressed disappointment with the removal. Rudley later appropriated funds for possible restoration of memorials due to the negative reception.


title: Texas Southern University

text: In 2014, TSU unveiled a $31 million, 108,000-square-foot, four-story structure named after the school's fifth president. In addition to having 35 labs, the facility is home to a Tier 1 University Transportation Center, the Center for Transportation Training and Research, and the National Science Foundation Center for Research on Complex Networks. The departments of Engineering, Transportation Studies, Computer Science, Industrial Technology, Physics, and Aviation Science and Technology academic programs are housed in the building. TSU is the only four-year state supported university in Texas to offer a Pilot Ground School course and the first HBCU to implement a Maritime Transportation degree program.


title: Texas Southern University

text: Jesse H. Jones (JHJ) School of Business is located in a three-story, 76,000-square-foot building completed in 1998 and accommodates 1,600 students in undergraduate and graduate studies. The Jesse H. Jones School of Business is the first business school at a HBCU to be accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) and been named one of the "Best Business Schools" by the "Princeton Review". JHJ School of Business is consistently one of the highest ranked business schools from a public HBCU in the "U.S. News & World Report" rankings.


title: Texas Southern University

text: The College of Education building consists of the Department of Counseling, the Department of Curriculum and Instruction, the Department of Educational Administration & Foundations, and the Department of Health and Kinesiology. The college has an enrollment of approximately 1,000 in undergraduate and graduate studies. In 2014, the National Council on Teacher Quality ranked TSU's College of Education 56th in the nation for best secondary education programs and gave the college a "top-ranked" distinction.


title: Texas Southern University

text: An extensive set of curricular offerings is provided through the Barbara Jordan–Mickey Leland School of Public Affairs, which offers courses in Administration of Justice (AJ), Political Science (POLS), Public Affairs (PA), Military Science (MSCI), and Urban Planning & Environmental Policy (UPEP) on the undergraduate, graduate, or doctoral level. The school sits in an 82,000-square-foot facility completed in 2008.


title: Texas Southern University

text: On January 22, 2018, the university published a new establishment Center for Justice Research (CJR) in the Barbara Jordan–Mickey Leland School of Public Affairs. The center is intended to create innovative solutions to criminal justice alteration and address challenges in America's criminal justice system. The award is granted by Charles Koch Foundation and Koch Industries.


title: Texas Southern University

text: The TSU Science Center building is home to several scholastic programs, such as the Houston Louis Stokes Alliance Minority Program (H-LSAMP) and the Thomas Freeman Honors College. It also houses several research programs, such as the NASA University Research Center for Bio-Nanotechnology and Environmental Research (NASA URC C-BER), Maritime Transportation Studies and Research, as well as the STEM research program. TSU's NASA University Research Center (C-BER) addresses human health concerns related to crewed exploration of space. Programs such as TSU's NASA University Research Center (C-BER) and participation in The Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Preparation Program (LSAMP) support undergraduate, graduate and faculty development while helping to increase the number of US citizens receiving degrees in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) fields. The science center also houses the only doctoral degree program in environmental toxicology in Southeast Texas.


title: Texas Southern University

text: The College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (COPHS) is housed in the Spurgeon N. Gray Hall. COPHS has approximately 800 students. The 2016 pharmacy graduates had a 90% first-attempt pass rate on the NAPLEX which was above the national average (85%), third highest in Texas, and highest among HBCUs. TSU is one of only two public HBCUs in the United States with an accredited and comprehensive pharmacy program. COPHS is the first and only in Houston to offer a Masters of Science in Health Care Administration degree.


title: Texas Southern University

text: The Thurgood Marshall School of Law (TMSL) is one of six public law schools in Texas and ranks as one of the most diverse law schools in the nation by "U.S. News & World Report". TMSL is accredited by the American Bar Association (ABA) and a member-school of The Association of American Law Schools (AALS). Enrollment is at approximately 600 students.


title: Texas Southern University

text: The Texas College for Negroes was initially housed in Austin, Texas, but was eventually transferred to Texas Southern University's campus. The creation of the Law School did not have the support of Thurgood Marshall or the NAACP. However, in 1976 now U.S. Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall, agreed to name formally the "Law School of Texas Southern University," the "Thurgood Marshall School of Law."


title: Texas Southern University

text: Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County (METRO) operates public transportation services, including buses and the METRORail tram service, which serve the university. The METRORail Purple Line station serving the university is Robertson Stadium/UH/TSU station.


title: Texas Southern University

text: In June 2019 Texas Southern University became home to the region's first Shared Autonomous Shuttle in conjunction with a partnership between METRO, TSU and the Houston-Galveston Area Council. The shuttle can carry up to 15 passengers and travels using a pre-programmed route, equipped with a sensor and intelligent vehicle system to detect obstacles and avoid collisions.


title: Texas Southern University

text: Texas Southern University offers over 100 bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. The university is classified by the Carnegie Foundation as a "doctoral university with higher research activity" and currently comprises 11 schools and colleges along with several scholastic and research programs.


title: Texas Southern University

text: Texas Southern University's main library is the Library Learning Center. The library is home to an African Art Gallery, The Heartman Collection, and many types of valuable archives. The Library Learning Center is a six-story 137,000-square-foot building completed in 2019 for $43 million.


title: Texas Southern University

text: , the student body is 76% African American, 9% Hispanic, 7% International, 3% White, and 5% other. Approximately 86% of the student body is from Texas; the top three counties of origin for in-state students are Harris County, Fort Bend County, and Dallas County. The top three state origins for out-of-state students are California, Louisiana, and Georgia, and the top three country origins of international students are Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, and China. The student body is 42% male and 58% female. The student-to-faculty ratio is 19 to 1.


title: Texas Southern University

text: Some of TSU's over 80 student organizations include the TSU Cheerleaders, Debate Team, Psi Chi Honor Society, all nine organizations of the National Pan-Hellenic Council, Students in Free Enterprise, Student Business Leadership Organization (SBLO), Living Testimony Gospel Ministry, TSU Dance Company, HER TSU, Women of GOLD, CSL (Caribbean Student Organization), Boys to Men, Campus PALS, Collegiate 100, Hispanic Student Association (HSA), African Student Association (ASA), California Club, Midwest Club, Louisiana Club, Political Science Club, National Society of Black Engineers, Pre-Law Society, Pre-Alumni Association, University Program Council (UPC), and Student Government Association (SGA).


title: Texas Southern University

text: The Texas Southern debate team was founded by professor and coach Thomas Freeman in 1949. Freeman led the team for more than 60 years as the team rose to national prominence, according to his obituary in the New York Times. He is credited for training notable leaders such as former U.S. Congresswoman Barbara Jordan, and civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. while serving as a visiting professor at Morehouse College. He retired in 2017 and died on June 6, 2020.


title: Texas Southern University

text: Texas Southern's marching band the Ocean of Soul has won numerous awards and performed at Super Bowls, The Stellar Awards, various parades, NBA and Houston Texans games. The 200-plus-member band alumni include Grammy award-winning jazz saxophonist Kirk Whalum. The Ocean of Soul is complemented by "The Motion of The Ocean", a female danceline that has been featured on "America's Best Dance Crew".


title: Texas Southern University

text: Texas Southern sports teams participate in NCAA Division I (Championship Subdivision for football) in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC). Texas Southern is part of the Western Division in SWAC divisional sports.


title: Texas Southern University

text: Men's varsity sports include baseball, basketball, football, golf, and track and field. Women's varsity sports include basketball, bowling, cross country, golf, soccer, softball, dance (TSU Tiger Sensations), Cheer, track and field, and volleyball.


title: Texas Southern University

text: The Texas Southern Baseball team competes in the SWAC and plays home games at MacGregor Park. The Tigers were back-to-back conference champions in 2017 and 2018. The Tigers also won the SWAC baseball tournament in 2004, 2008, and 2015. Michael Robertson was hired as head coach in 2009.


title: Texas Southern University

text: Texas Southern Volleyball competes at the HP&E Arena. Texas Southern University Volleyball won their first SWAC ring in 1989 against Southern University (3–0). Then in 1990 they returned with another ring against Prairie View (3–0). The last SWAC championship Lady Tiger Volleyball received was in 1994 against Prairie View (3–0).


title: Texas Southern University

text: Texas Southern Softball team competes at Memorial Park in Houston. The Lady Tigers softball team won their first and second SWAC conference championship back to back years in 2014 and 2015. The Lady Tigers then went on to win their third SWAC championship in 2017. The Lady Tigers have also won the western division championship of the conference nine consecutive years. The Lady Tigers are coached by Worley Barker and assisted by Jasmin Hutchinson


title: Texas Southern University

text: In addition to serving as a training unit for TSU students, the station was established to serve the university at the program level as well as the community by presenting various types of TSU athletics, educational, cultural and social programs to a primarily listening area within a radius of the university. A 1973 survey indicated that radio was generally the preferred source of information of African-Americans, particularly those with less than a high school education. By the late 1970s, the station had secured an ample audience and programming increased in scope. At the same time, the station increased its power range from 10 watts to 18,500 watts. According to the Arbitron Rating Service (ARS), KTSU has an audience of 244,700 listeners and is number one overall of Houston and Galveston stations for its Sunday format and its Friday format of Golden Oldies.


title: Vyvyan Holland

text: Vyvyan Beresford Holland, (born Vyvyan Oscar Beresford Wilde; 3 November 1886 – 10 October 1967) was an English author and translator. He was the second-born son of Irish playwright Oscar Wilde and Constance Lloyd, and had a brother, Cyril.


title: Vyvyan Holland

text: John Ruskin was Oscar Wilde's first choice as godfather to Vyvyan, but he declined due to his age. Wilde turned to Mortimer Menpes, who accepted. According to Vyvyan Holland's accounts in his autobiography, "Son of Oscar Wilde" (1954), Oscar was a devoted and loving father to his two sons and their childhood was a relatively happy one.


title: Vyvyan Holland

text: After 1895, when Wilde was convicted of the charge of "gross indecency" and imprisoned, Constance changed her surname, and those of their sons, to Holland. She forced Wilde to give up his parental rights.


title: Vyvyan Holland

text: She moved with the boys to Switzerland and enrolled them in an English-speaking boarding school in Germany. Vyvyan was unhappy there. Because of this, but also to improve security, Vyvyan was moved to a Jesuit school in Monaco. He converted to Catholicism and subsequently attended Stonyhurst College in England, a public school also run by Jesuits. His brother Cyril remained at the school in Germany.


title: Vyvyan Holland

text: After Constance died in 1898, her relatives sought legal counsel to prevent Oscar Wilde from seeing his sons again. Wilde died in 1900.


title: Vyvyan Holland

text: Vyvyan studied law at Trinity Hall in the University of Cambridge from 1905, but tired of his studies and left Cambridge in 1907. On 20 July 1909 he accompanied his father's friend Robert Ross to witness the reinterment of his father's remains from Bagneux Cemetery to Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.


title: Vyvyan Holland

text: Holland resumed his study of law at the age of 22, and was called to the Bar of England and Wales by the Inner Temple in 1912. He also began to write poems and short stories.


title: Vyvyan Holland

text: Holland married Violet Mary Craigie in 1913. She died 15 October 1918 at Westminster Hospital, Middlesex, from injuries in a fire.


title: Vyvyan Holland

text: At the start of the First World War in 1914, Holland was commissioned a Second Lieutenant in the Interpreters Corps. He later transferred into 114 Battery, XXV Bde Royal Field Artillery. He was demobilised on 27 July 1919 and was awarded an OBE. His brother Cyril had been killed by a German sniper on 9 May 1915, during the Battle of Festubert in France.


title: Vyvyan Holland

text: Holland became an author and translator. At the beginning of the Second World War, he was offered a position as a translator and editor for the BBC, a post he held for six years. In September 1943, he married his second wife, Dorothy Thelma Helen Besant, a great-grandniece of Annie Besant. Born in Australia, she had moved to London. Their only child, Merlin Holland, was born in London in 1945. Merlin became a publisher, a dealer in glass and ceramics, and a writer. He conducted extensive research about his paternal grandfather Wilde, and has edited, written and published several works about him.


title: Vyvyan Holland

text: In 1947 Holland and his wife left for Australia and New Zealand, where she had been invited to give lectures on fashionable dress in 19th-century Australia. The couple lived in Melbourne from 1948 to 1952.


title: Vyvyan Holland

text: In 1954, after returning to England, Holland published an autobiography entitled "Son of Oscar Wilde."


title: Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation

text: The Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation (EBC), now rebranded as ETV (stylized in all lowercase), is an Ethiopian government-owned public service broadcaster. It is headquartered in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and is the country's oldest and largest broadcaster.


title: Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation

text: EBC was established by order of Emperor Haile Selassie and initially operated by Thomson, a British firm. It is fully owned by the Ethiopian government. Its programming includes news, sport, music and other entertainment. The majority of the programming is broadcast in Amharic, one of the five official languages of Ethiopia. Some news segments are broadcast in other languages, such as Oromo, Somali, Tigrinya, Afar, Gurage, and English.


title: Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation

text: EBC has entertainment programs like "Ethiopian Idol", which features similar content to American talent show "American Idol". In recent years, ETV has transmitted a few matches a week from European Football Leagues (Spanish La Liga and English Premier League), plus some international matches. EBC transmits its programmes on 4 satellite stations.


title: Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation

text: Ethiopian Television was initially established during Haile Selassie reign era in 1962 with assistance from the British firm, Thomson. Regular transmission began on 2 November 1964. It was created to highlight the Organization of African Unity (OAU) meeting that took place in Addis Ababa that same year. Color television started on a experimental basis in 1979, with regular colour transmissions beginning in 1984 in commemoration of the founding of Workers' Party of Ethiopia (WPE). The current structure and goals of were established 1987 with Proclamation 114/87. In 1995 ERTA(Ethiopian Radio and Television Agency) was created in as the result of the merge between the Ethiopian Radio and the ETV (Ethiopian Television). In 2014, the channel changed its name from ETV to EBC, also changing its logo in the process. In 2015, EBC and other regional channels upgraded their news studios with more modern equipment. In March 2018, EBC's logo was transferred to etv and made a new transmission of frequency and sister's channel contents and it is now broadcasting on Ethiosat and Nilesat.


title: Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation

text: During 2022 FIFA World Cup, FIFA accused EBC for broadcasting large number of matches and permanently withdrew its broadcasting right. EBC alleged that it granted the broadcasting right for all matches, while FIFA claimed it gave a warning before.


title: Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation

text: Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation's official Facebook page was hacked and deleted on 4 October 2021. It also ensued losing 2 million followers. The Ministry of Technologies said that they are working to restore the page. EBC later restored its Facebook account within weeks.


title: Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation

text: ETV News (etv ዜና) is the main news channel with 24 hours coverage, with content on culture, politics, documentaries, and economy. Broadcast mostly in Amharic with the exception of some news segments which are broadcast in other languages. ETV News (etv ዜና) is the main news channel with 24 hours coverage, with content on culture, politics, documentaries, and economy.


title: Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation

text: ETV Languages is a channel which focuses on news in the varied languages of Ethiopia along with 3 international languages.


title: Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation

text: ETV Entertainment (ETV መዝናኛ) is a channel which focuses on dramas, as well as lifestyle programming. The channel is most known for broadcasting Ethiopian first family sitcom, "Betoch". This channel also airs a lot of popular foreign content including soap operas and Hollywood films.


title: Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation

text: ETV Sport only focuses on broadcasting sport matches and highlights on English Premiere League, European leagues, Ethiopian premiere league and other international sport tournament's.


title: De Havilland Canada

text: De Havilland Aircraft of Canada Limited is an aircraft manufacturer with facilities formerly based in the Downsview area of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The original home of de Havilland Canada was the home of the Canadian Air and Space Museum located in what is now Downsview Park.


title: De Havilland Canada

text: The aircraft company was created in 1928 by the British de Havilland Aircraft Company to build Moth aircraft for the training of Canadian airmen, and subsequently after the Second World War, designed and produced indigenous designs.


title: De Havilland Canada

text: In the 1980s, the government of Canada under Prime Minister Brian Mulroney privatized DHC and in 1986 sold the aircraft company to then Seattle-based Boeing. DHC was eventually acquired by Montreal-based Bombardier Aerospace in 1992.


title: De Havilland Canada

text: In 2006, Viking Air of Victoria, British Columbia, purchased the type certificates for all the original out-of-production de Havilland designs (DHC-1 to DHC-7).


title: De Havilland Canada

text: In November 2018, Viking Air's holding company, Longview Aviation Capital, announced the acquisition of the Q400 program, along with the rights to the de Havilland name and trademark. The deal, which closed on 3 June 2019 following regulatory approval, brought the entire de Havilland product line under the same banner for the first time in decades, under a new holding company named De Havilland Aircraft of Canada Limited.


title: De Havilland Canada

text: In the summer of 2021, De Havilland stopped production at its Downsview site and officially closed it in the summer of 2022 at the end of its lease. In September 2022, De Haviland announced the construction of a new manufacturing facility called De Havilland Field in Alberta. The new facility is intended to merge its two manufacturing facilities and produce the Twin Otter and Dash 8 planes. First production at the new site is scheduled to begin in 2025.


title: De Havilland Canada

text: Founded in 1928 as a subsidiary of de Havilland Aircraft (UK), de Havilland Canada was first located at De Lesseps Field in Toronto, before moving to Downsview Airport in 1929.


title: De Havilland Canada

text: Flown for the first time on 26 October 1931, the DH.82 Tiger Moth was derived from the DH.60 Moth. The DH 82 was powered by a 120-hp Gipsy II engine, but the 1939 DH.82a received the 145-hp Gipsy Major. More than 1,000 Tiger Moths were delivered before the Second World War, and subsequently 4,005 were built in the UK and shipped all over the world; 1,747 were built in Canada (the majority being the DH.82c model with enclosed cockpits, brakes, tail wheels, etc.). The follow-up DH.83 Fox Moth was designed in England in 1932 as a light, economical transport and was built using as many Tiger Moth components as possible.


title: De Havilland Canada

text: The de Havilland Tiger Moth was a basic trainer of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan during the Second World War, whereby air crews from all over the British Commonwealth trained in Canada. DHC was the Canadian unit of the parent British de Havilland and during World War II was made into a crown corporation of the government of Canada.


title: De Havilland Canada

text: Production of the Mosquito, nicknamed the "Mossie", was the company's greatest contribution to the war effort. It was one of the few front-line aircraft of the era constructed almost entirely of wood and was nicknamed the "Wooden Wonder". The Mosquito was designed to use speed instead of defensive armament to evade attack, and as a result, it was one of the fastest aircraft in the war, reaching 425 mph at 30,000 ft. The original design was intended as a light bomber, but soon proved itself in high-level photography and every phase of intruder operations.


title: De Havilland Canada

text: Of the more than 7,000 Mosquitoes produced overall by de Havilland, de Havilland Canada produced 1,134. Some 500 were delivered to the UK by the end of the war, although several were lost en route across the Atlantic.


title: De Havilland Canada

text: After the war, de Havilland Canada began to build its own designs uniquely suited to the harsh Canadian operating environment. The company also continued production of several British de Havilland aircraft and later produced a licence-built version of the American-designed Grumman S2F Tracker. In 1962, the Avro Canada aircraft production facility was transferred to de Havilland Canada by their then-merged parent company, UK-based Hawker Siddeley.


title: De Havilland Canada

text: The first true postwar aviation project was the DHC-1 Chipmunk, designed as a primary trainer, a replacement for the venerable Tiger Moth. The Chipmunk was an all-metal, low-wing, tandem two-place, single-engined airplane with a conventional landing gear, powered by a de Havilland Gipsy Major engine. The Chipmunk prototype first flew on 22 May 1946 in Toronto. DHC built 217 in Canada, and it was also produced under licence by de Havilland in the UK, which produced 1,000, and by OGMA in Portugal, which built an additional 66. The Chipmunk served with the RCAF, the Royal Air Force (RAF), and at least twelve other air forces. After being largely phased out by the RAF and RCAF in the 1950s and 1960s, surplus Chipmunks achieved widespread popularity for civil sport flying, competition aerobatics, aerial application, and glider towing.


title: De Havilland Canada

text: Developed in 1947 for bush flying, the DHC-2 Beaver was designed with input from Canada's bush pilots, who desired a rugged and highly versatile "aerial truck" that would reliably deliver short takeoff and landing (STOL) performance from unimproved airstrips with a half-ton load. An all-metal, high wing monoplane, the Beaver could be equipped with wheels, skis, or floats, and was originally powered by a single Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior piston engine. The Beaver was soon adopted by the US Air Force (USAF) and US Army as a liaison aircraft, remaining in service well into the 1970s, and was also used by the militaries of numerous other nations, including Britain, Chile, and Colombia. With almost 1,700 built in a production run lasting two decades, civil Beavers continue plying their trade in many countries around the world. A turboprop conversion, the Turbo Beaver first flew in December 1963, featuring a Pratt & Whitney PT6A engine. The Turbo Beaver offered improved operating weights and STOL performance, along with a longer cabin, allowing maximum accommodation for 11 including the pilot. DHC offered turboprop conversion kits to upgrade piston-powered Beavers, and similar conversions have been performed by aftermarket companies.


title: De Havilland Canada

text: A follow-on design to the Beaver—originally conceived in 1951 as the King Beaver—the DHC-3 Otter was designed for the same basic roles and is similar in layout, but is a substantially larger and heavier aircraft, a veritable "one-ton truck" that can seat up to eleven. The Otter was originally produced with a 450-kW (600-hp) Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp radial engine, and like the Beaver, the Otter can be fitted with skis and floats; the Otter amphibian features unique four-unit retractable undercarriage, with the wheels retracting into the floats. The type's first flight was undertaken on 12 December 1951 and Canadian certification was awarded in November 1952. The US Army became the largest user of the Otter, and other military users included Australia, Canada, and India. Some Otters have been converted to turboprop power by Cox Air Services using a Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A turboprop, yielding a lower empty weight and a higher maximum speed, and a number of other aftermarket PT6A conversions have been offered. The Otter found a significant niche as a STOL bush aircraft and many remain in service.