title: Redcurrant

text: The redcurrant or red currant (Ribes rubrum) is a member of the genus "Ribes" in the gooseberry family. It is native to western Europe. The species is widely cultivated and has escaped into the wild in many regions.


title: Redcurrant

text: "Ribes rubrum" is a deciduous shrub normally growing to tall, occasionally , with five-lobed leaves arranged spirally on the stems. The flowers are inconspicuous yellow-green, in pendulous racemes, maturing into bright red translucent edible berries about diameter, with 3–10 berries on each raceme. An established bush can produce of berries from mid- to late summer.


title: Redcurrant

text: Redcurrant fruits are known for their tart flavor, a characteristic provided by a relatively high content of organic acids and mixed polyphenols. As many as 65 different phenolic compounds may contribute to the astringent properties of redcurrants, with these contents increasing during the last month of ripening. Twenty-five individual polyphenols and other nitrogen-containing phytochemicals in redcurrant juice have been isolated specifically with the astringent flavor profile sensed in the human tongue.


title: Redcurrant

text: There are several other similar species native in Europe, Asia and North America, also with edible fruit. These include "Ribes spicatum" (northern Europe and northern Asia), "Ribes alpinum" (northern Europe), "R. schlechtendalii" (northeast Europe), "R. multiflorum" (southeast Europe), "R. petraeum" (southwest Europe) and "R. triste" (North America; Newfoundland to Alaska and southward in mountains).


title: Redcurrant

text: While "Ribes rubrum" is native to Europe, large berried cultivars of the redcurrant were first produced in Belgium and northern France in the 17th century. In modern times, numerous cultivars have been selected; some of these have escaped gardens and can be found in the wild across Europe and extending into Asia.


title: Redcurrant

text: The white currant is also a cultivar of "R. rubrum". Although it is a sweeter and albino variant of the redcurrant, not a separate botanical species, it is sometimes marketed with names such as "R. sativum" or "R. silvestre", or sold as a different fruit.


title: Redcurrant

text: Currant bushes prefer partial to full sunlight and can grow in most types of soil. They are relatively low-maintenance plants and can also be used as ornamentation.


title: Redcurrant

text: Many redcurrant and whitecurrant cultivars are available for domestic cultivation from specialist growers. The following have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:


title: Redcurrant

text: In a reference serving, redcurrants (or white) supply of food energy and are a rich source of vitamin C, providing 49% of the Daily Value (DV, table). Vitamin K is the only other essential nutrient in significant content at 10% of DV (table).


title: Redcurrant

text: With maturity, the tart flavour of redcurrant fruit is slightly greater than its blackcurrant relative, but with the same approximate sweetness. The white-fruited variant of redcurrant, often referred to as white currant, has the same tart flavour but with greater sweetness. Although frequently cultivated for jams and cooked preparations, much like the white currant, it is often served raw or as a simple accompaniment in salads, garnishes, or drinks when in season.


title: Redcurrant

text: In the United Kingdom, redcurrant jelly is a condiment often served with lamb, game meat including venison, turkey and goose in a festive or Sunday roast. It is essentially a jam and is made in the same way, by adding the redcurrants to sugar, boiling, and straining.


title: Redcurrant

text: In France, the highly rarefied and hand-made Bar-le-duc or "Lorraine jelly" is a spreadable preparation traditionally made from white currants or alternatively redcurrants. The pips are taken off by hand, originally by monks, with a goose feather, before cooking.


title: Redcurrant

text: In Scandinavia and Schleswig-Holstein, it is often used in fruit soups and summer puddings (rødgrød, rote grütze or rode grütt). In Germany it is also used in combination with custard or meringue as a filling for tarts.


title: Redcurrant

text: In Linz, Austria, it is the most commonly used filling for the Linzer torte. It can be enjoyed in its fresh state without the addition of sugar.


title: Redcurrant

text: In German-speaking areas, syrup or nectar derived from the redcurrant is added to soda water and enjoyed as a refreshing drink named "Johannisbeerschorle". It is so named because the redcurrants ("Johannisbeeren", "John's berry" in German) are said to ripen first on St. John's Day, also known as Midsummer Day, June 24.


title: Redcurrant

text: In Russia, redcurrants are ubiquitous and used in jams, preserves, compotes and desserts. It is also used to make kissel, a sweet healthy drink made from fresh berries or fruits (such as red currants, cherries, cranberries). The leaves have many uses in traditional medicine, such as making an infusion with black tea. Also the plants were cultivated in Russian monastery gardens in the 11th century.


title: Ben Cohen (businessman)

text: Bennett Cohen (born March 18, 1951) is an American businessman, activist and philanthropist. He is a co-founder of the ice cream company Ben & Jerry's.


title: Ben Cohen (businessman)

text: Cohen was born in Brooklyn, New York, and raised in the town of Merrick, New York, on Long Island by Jewish parents Frances and Irving. He spent at least one summer at Buck's Rock Performing and Creative Arts Camp in New Milford, Connecticut. Cohen first met and befriended his future business partner Jerry Greenfield in a seventh grade gym class in 1963. They continued on to Sanford H. Calhoun High School. In his senior year, Cohen found work as an ice cream man before leaving to attend Colgate University in Hamilton, New York.


title: Ben Cohen (businessman)

text: Over the next decade, Cohen pursued his interest in pottery and dropped out of college after his sophomore year. He also worked as a McDonald's cashier, Pinkerton guard, deliverer of pottery wheels, mop-boy at Jamesway and Friendly's, assistant superintendent, ER clerk, and taxi driver, before settling on work as a craft teacher at a private school for emotionally-disturbed adolescents. While teaching at the Highland Community School, Cohen began experimenting with making his own ice creams.


title: Ben Cohen (businessman)

text: In 1977, Cohen decided to go into business with his old friend Jerry Greenfield, and in May of the next year, the two men opened Ben & Jerry's Homemade Ice Cream Parlor in Burlington, Vermont. They initially intended to start a bagel business, but found the equipment costs prohibitive and switched to ice cream instead. They chose Burlington as a location because it was a prominent college town which, at the time, had no ice cream shop. Ben & Jerry's distinctive style of ice cream was developed to compensate for Cohen's anosmia, as he kept adding larger and larger chunks to the ice cream to satisfy his need for texture in food.


title: Ben Cohen (businessman)

text: As Ben & Jerry's gradually grew into a nationwide business and one of the largest ice cream companies in the U.S., Cohen turned his new-found wealth and prominence toward a variety of social causes, generally through the Ben & Jerry's Foundation. The Foundation receives 7.5% of all Ben & Jerry's pre-tax profits and distributes funds to organizations such as the Anti Displacement Project. Cohen also oversaw TrueMajority and Business Leaders for Sensible Priorities.


title: Ben Cohen (businessman)

text: He is a vocal supporter of Democratic candidates and progressive causes. He supported Dennis Kucinich in the 2004 Democratic Party presidential primaries. In 2008, he initially supported John Edwards followed by Barack Obama.


title: Ben Cohen (businessman)

text: In 2012, he helped launch the Stamp Stampede campaign to stamp messages on the nation's currency in support of passing a constitutional amendment to help overturn "Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission" and reduce the influence of private corporations on politics.


title: Ben Cohen (businessman)

text: On April 18, 2016, Cohen was arrested, with Jerry Greenfield, while at a Democracy Awakening protest in Washington, D.C.


title: Ben Cohen (businessman)

text: In July 2021, Ben and Jerry announced their support for the boycott of sales of Ben & Jerry's products in Israeli settlements in the occupied Palestinian territories in the West Bank. The editorial explicitly stated that the duo continue to support Israel, and saw no rejection of the country in objecting to some of its actions.


title: Ben Cohen (businessman)

text: On October 10, 2021, Ben and Jerry were interviewed by Alexi McCammond of Axios on HBO. McCammond asked Ben about his political views regarding stopping the sales of ice cream in Israel. Ben was subsequently asked why Ben & Jerry's ice cream was sold in Georgia and Texas in response to Georgia's voter identification law and the 2021 Texas Heartbeat Act, which restricts abortions after 6 weeks. Ben replied by stating "I don't know," and "By that reasoning, we should not sell ice cream anywhere."


title: Ben Cohen (businessman)

text: Cohen became a prominent supporter of Bernie Sanders during the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries.


title: Ben Cohen (businessman)

text: Cohen debuted a special ice cream flavor called "Bernie's Yearning" on January 25, 2016 in support of Sanders. The flavor, released under the brand Ben's Best, consisted of plain mint ice cream covered by a solid layer of mint chocolate. According to Cohen, "The chocolate disk represents the huge majority of economic gains that have gone to the top 1 percent since the end of the recession. Beneath it, the rest of us." This was done in an effort to showcase the United States' current socioeconomic issues. The ice cream was made by hand in Cohen's kitchen with ingredients purchased by the Sanders campaign. Ben & Jerry's released a statement disavowing connection or support for the product, saying "This was created by Ben as a citizen. The company is not involved.”


title: Ben Cohen (businessman)

text: On February 21, 2019, Cohen was named a national co-chair of Bernie Sanders' 2020 campaign. In August 2019, Cohen produced another Bernie Sanders flavor called "Bernie's Back." It was not for sale in stores, but was awarded as a prize to 40 contest winners.


title: Jazmyn Simon

text: Jazmyn Simon (born December 30, 1980) is an American actress known for "Ballers", "Raising Dion", and "Locked Down". Simon is the wife of actor Dulé Hill. In 2019, the couple had their first son.


title: Toruń

text: Toruń (, , ; ) is a historical city on the Vistula River in north-central Poland and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Its population was 196,935 as of December 2021. Previously, it was the capital of the Toruń Voivodeship (1975–1998) and the Pomeranian Voivodeship (1921–1945). Since 1999, Toruń has been a seat of the self-government of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship and is one of its two capitals, together with Bydgoszcz. The cities and neighboring counties form the Bydgoszcz–Toruń twin city metropolitan area.


title: Toruń

text: Toruń is one of the oldest cities in Poland; it was first settled in the 8th century and in 1233 was expanded by the Teutonic Knights. For centuries it was home to people of diverse backgrounds and religions. From 1264 until 1411, Toruń was part of the Hanseatic League and by the 17th century a leading trading point, which greatly affected the city's architecture, ranging from Brick Gothic to Mannerist and Baroque.


title: Toruń

text: In the Early Modern period, Toruń was a royal city of Poland and one of Poland's four largest cities. With the partitions of Poland in the late 18th century, it became part of Prussia, then of the short-lived Duchy of Warsaw, serving as the temporary Polish capital in 1809, then again of Prussia, of the German Empire and, after World War I, of the reborn Polish Republic. During the Second World War, Toruń was spared bombing and destruction; its Old Town and iconic central marketplace have been entirely preserved.


title: Toruń

text: Toruń is renowned for its Museum of Gingerbread – the gingerbread-baking tradition dates back nearly a millennium – as well as for its large Cathedral. Toruń is noted for its very high standard of living and quality of life. In 1997 the medieval part of the city was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In 2007 the Old Town of Toruń was added to the list of Seven Wonders of Poland.


title: Toruń

text: The first settlement in the vicinity of Toruń is dated by archaeologists to 1100 BC (Lusatian culture). During early medieval times, in the 7th through 13th centuries, it was the location of an old Slavonic settlement, at a ford in the Vistula river. In the 10th century it became part of the emerging Polish state ruled by the Piast dynasty.


title: Toruń

text: In spring 1231 the Teutonic Knights crossed the river Vistula at the height of Nieszawa and established a fortress. On 28 December 1233, the Teutonic Knights Hermann von Salza and Hermann Balk, signed the city charters for Toruń ("Thorn") and Chełmno ("Kulm"). The original document was lost in 1244. The set of rights in general is known as Kulm law. In 1236, due to frequent flooding, it was relocated to the present site of the Old Town. In 1239 Franciscan friars settled in the city, followed in 1263 by Dominicans. In 1264 the adjacent New Town was founded predominantly to house Torun's growing population of craftsmen and artisans, who predominantly came from German-speaking lands.


title: Toruń

text: In 1280, the city (or as it was then, both cities) joined the mercantile Hanseatic League, and thus became an important medieval trade centre.


title: Toruń

text: The city was recaptured by Poland in 1410 during the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War however, after the First Peace of Thorn was signed in the city in February 1411, the city fell back to the Teutonic Order. In 1411, the city left the Hanseatic League. In the 1420s, Polish King Władysław II Jagiełło built the Dybów Castle, located in present-day left-bank Toruń, which he visited numerous times. During the next big Polish–Teutonic War, the Dybów Castle was occupied by the Teutonic Knights from 1431 to 1435.


title: Toruń

text: In 1440, the gentry of Thorn co-founded the Prussian Confederation to further oppose the Knights' policies. From 1452, talks between the Polish King Casimir IV Jagiellon and the burghers of the Confederation were held in the Dybów Castle. The Confederation rose against the Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights in 1454 and its delegation submitted a petition to Polish King Casimir IV Jagiellon asking him to regain power over the region as the rightful ruler. An act of incorporation was signed in Kraków (6 March 1454), recognizing the region (including Toruń), as part of the Polish Kingdom. These events led to the Thirteen Years' War. The citizens of the city enraged by the Order's ruthless exploitation, conquered the Teutonic castle, and dismantled the fortifications brick by brick, except for the Gdanisko tower which was used until the 18th century for the gunpowder storage. The local mayor pledged allegiance to the Polish King during the incorporation in March 1454 in Kraków, and then in May 1454, an official ceremony was held in Toruń, during which the nobility, knights, landowners, mayors and local officials from Chełmno Land, including Toruń, again solemnly swore allegiance to the Polish King and the Kingdom of Poland. Since 1454, the city was authorized by King Casimir IV to mint Polish coins. During the war, Casimir IV often stayed at the Dybów Castle and Toruń financially supported the Polish Army. The New and Old Towns amalgamated in 1454. The Thirteen Years' War ended in 1466, with the Second Peace of Thorn, in which the Teutonic Order renounced any claims to the city and recognised it as part of Poland. The Polish King granted the town great privileges, similar to those of Gdańsk. Also in 1454, in the Dybów Castle, the King issued the famous Statutes of Nieszawa, covering a set of privileges for the Polish nobility; an event that is regarded as the birth of the noble democracy in Poland, which lasted until the country's demise in 1795.


title: Toruń

text: Throughout history, the city was home to notable personas, scholars and statesmen. In 1473, Nicolaus Copernicus was born, and, in 1501, Polish King John I Albert died in Toruń; his heart was buried inside St. John's Cathedral. In 1500, the Tuba Dei, which was the largest church bell in Poland at that time, was placed in the church of St. John the Baptist, and a bridge across the Vistula was built, which was the country's longest wooden bridge at that time. In 1506, Toruń became a royal city of Poland. In 1528, the royal mint started operating in Toruń. In 1568, a gymnasium was founded, which after 1594 became one of the leading schools of northern Poland for the centuries to come. Also in 1594, the Toruń's first museum ("Musaeum") was established at the school, beginning the city's museal traditions. A city of great wealth and influence, it enjoyed voting rights during the royal election period. Sejms of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth were held in Toruń in 1576 and 1626.


title: Toruń

text: In 1557, during the Protestant Reformation, the city adopted Protestantism. Under Mayor Henryk Stroband (1586–1609), the city became centralized. Administrative power passed into the hands of the city council. In 1595, Jesuits arrived to promote the Counter-Reformation, taking control of St John's Church. The Protestant city officials tried to limit the influx of Catholics into the city, as Catholics (Jesuits and Dominican friars) already controlled most of the churches, leaving only St Mary's to Protestant citizens. In 1645, at a time when religious conflicts occurred in many other European countries and the disastrous Thirty Years' War was fought west of Poland, in Toruń, on the initiative of King Władysław IV Vasa, a three-month congress of European Catholics, Lutherans and Calvinists was held, known as "Colloquium Charitativum;" an important event in the history of interreligious dialogue.


title: Toruń

text: During the Great Northern War (1700–21), the city was besieged by Swedish troops. The restoration of Augustus II the Strong as King of Poland was prepared in the city in the Treaty of Thorn (1709) by Russian Tsar Peter the Great. In the second half of the 17th century, tensions between Catholics and Protestants grew, similarly to religious wars throughout Europe. In the early 18th century about 50 percent of the populace, especially the gentry and middle class, were German-speaking Protestants, while the other 50 percent were Polish-speaking Roman Catholics. Protestant influence was subsequently pushed back after the Tumult of Thorn of 1724.


title: Toruń

text: After the Second Partition of Poland in 1793, the city was annexed by Prussia. It was briefly regained by Poles as part of the Duchy of Warsaw in years 1807–1815, even serving as the temporary capital in April and May 1809. During these years the city began to attract a growing Jewish community. In 1809, Toruń was successfully defended by the Poles against the Austrians. After being re-annexed by Prussia in 1815, Toruń was subjected to Germanisation and became a strong center of Polish resistance against such policies. The city's first synagogue was inaugurated in 1847. New Polish institutions were established, such as Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu ("Toruń Scientific Society"), a major Polish institution in the Prussian Partition of Poland, founded in 1875.


title: Toruń

text: In 1976, it was awarded the Commander's Cross with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta, one of highest Polish decorations. After World War I, Poland declared independence and regained control over the city. In interwar Poland, Toruń was capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship.


title: Toruń

text: During World War II, Germany occupied the city from 7 September 1939 to 1 February 1945. The "Einsatzkommando 16" entered the city to commit various crimes against Poles. Under German occupation, local people were subjected to arrests, expulsions, slave labor, deportations to concentration camps and executions, especially the Polish elites as part of the "Intelligenzaktion".


title: Toruń

text: A group of Polish railwaymen and policemen from Toruń was murdered by the German gendarmerie and "Wehrmacht" in Gąbin on 19–21 September 1939. Local Poles, including activists, teachers and priests, arrested in Toruń and the Toruń County from September 1939, were initially held in the pre-war prison, and after its overcrowding, from October 1939, the Germans imprisoned Poles in Fort VII of the Toruń Fortress. Only on 17–19 October 1939, the German police and "Selbstschutz" arrested 1,200 Poles in Toruń and the county. In early November 1939, the Germans carried out further mass arrests of Polish teachers, farmers and priests in Toruń and the county, who were then imprisoned in Fort VII. Imprisoned Poles were then either deported to concentration camps or murdered on the site. Large massacres of over 1,100 Poles from the city and region, including teachers, school principals, local officials, restaurateurs, shop owners, merchants, farmers, railwaymen, policemen, craftsmen, students, priests, workers, doctors, were carried out in the present-day district of Barbarka. Six mass graves were discovered after the war, in five of which the bodies of the victims were burnt, as the Germans tried to cover up the crime. Local teachers were also among Polish teachers murdered in the Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg, Mauthausen and Dachau concentration camps. Despite such circumstances, the Polish resistance movement was active in the city, and Toruń was the seat of one of the six main commands of the Union of Armed Struggle in occupied Poland (alongside Warsaw, Kraków, Poznań, Białystok and Lwów).


title: Toruń

text: During the occupation, Germany established and operated the Stalag XX-A prisoner-of-war camp in the city with multiple forced labour subcamps in the region, in which Polish, British, French, Australian and Soviet POWs were held. From 1940 to 1943, in the northern part of the city there was a German transit camp for Poles expelled from Toruń and the surrounding area, which became infamous for inhuman sanitary conditions. Over 12,000 Poles passed through the camp, and around 1,000 died there, including about 400 children. From 1941 to 1945, a German forced labour camp was located in the city. In the spring of 1942, the Germans murdered 30 Polish scouts aged 13–16 in Fort VII.


title: Toruń

text: While the city's population suffered many atrocities, as described, there were no battles or bombings that damaged its buildings. Thus, the city avoided damage during both World Wars, due to which it retained its historic architecture ranging from Gothic through Renaissance and Baroque to the 19th and 20th century styles.


title: Toruń

text: Listed on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites since 1997, Toruń has many monuments of architecture dating back to the Middle Ages. The city is famous for having preserved almost intact its medieval spatial layout and many Gothic buildings, all built from brick, including monumental churches, the Town Hall and many burgher houses.


title: Toruń

text: Toruń has the largest number of preserved Gothic houses in Poland, many with Gothic wall paintings or wood-beam ceilings from the 16th to the 18th centuries.


title: Toruń

text: Toruń, unlike many other historic cities in Poland, escaped substantial destruction in World War II. Particularly left intact was the Old Town, all of whose important architectural monuments are originals, not reconstructions.


title: Toruń

text: Major renovation projects have been undertaken in recent years to improve the condition and external presentation of the Old Town. Besides the renovation of various buildings, projects such as the reconstruction of the pavement of the streets and squares (reversing them to their historical appearance), and the introduction of new plants, trees and objects of 'small architecture', are underway.


title: Toruń

text: Numerous buildings and other constructions, including the city walls along the boulevard, are illuminated at night, creating an impressive effect - probably unique among Polish cities with respect to the size of Toruń's Old Town and the scale of the illumination project itself.


title: Toruń

text: Toruń is also home to the Zoo and Botanical Garden opened in 1965 and 1797 respectively and is one of the city's popular tourist attractions.


title: Toruń

text: Toruń is divided into 24 administrative districts (dzielnica) or boroughs, each with a degree of autonomy within its own municipal government. The Districts include: Barbarka, Bielany, Bielawy, Bydgoskie Przedmieście, Chełmińskie Przedmieście, Czerniewice, Glinki, Grębocin nad Strugą, Jakubskie Przedmieście, Kaszczorek, Katarzynka, Koniuchy, Mokre, Na Skarpie, Piaski, Podgórz, Rubinkowo, Rudak, Rybaki, Stare Miasto ("Old Town"), Starotoruńskie Przedmieście, Stawki, Winnica, Wrzosy.


title: Toruń

text: The colors of Toruń are white and blue in the horizontal arrangement, white top, blue bottom, equal in size. The flag of the city of Toruń is a bipartite sheet. The upper field is white, the lower field is blue. If the flag is hung vertically, the upper edge of the flag must be on the left.


title: Toruń

text: The flag with the coat of arms is also in use. The ratio of the height of the coat of arms to the width of the flag is 1:2.


title: Toruń

text: The climate can be described as humid continental (Köppen: "Dfb") using the isotherm of is used or an oceanic climate ("Cfb") if the isotherm is adopted. Back in 1930s, the city passed close to the original boundary and dividing line of climates C and D groups in the north–south direction proposed by climatologist Wladimir Köppen. Toruń is in the transition between the milder climates of the west and north of the Poland and the more extreme ones like the south (warmer summer) and the east (colder winter). It is not much different from the climates of more southerly Kraków and easterly Warsaw, though it has slightly milder winters and more moderate summers.


title: Toruń

text: Being close to definitely continental climates, it has a high variability caused by the contact of eastern continental air masses and western oceanic ones. This is influenced by the geographical location of the city – the Toruń Basin to the south, and the Vistula Valley to the north.


title: Toruń

text: The most recent statistics show a decrease in the population of the city, from 211,169 in 2001 (highest) to 202,562 in 2018. Among the demographic trends influencing this decline, are: suburbanisation, migration to larger urban centres, and wider trends observed in the whole of Poland such as general population decline, slowed down by immigration in 2017. The birth rate in the city in 2017 was 0.75. Low birthrates have been consistent in the city for the first two decades of 21st Century.


title: Toruń

text: The official forecasts from Statistics Poland state that by 2050 the city population will have declined to 157,949.


title: Toruń

text: Inside the city itself, most of the population is concentrated on the right (northern) bank of the Vistula river. Two of the most densely populated areas are Rubinkowo and Na Skarpie, housing projects built mostly in the 1970s and 1980s, located between the central and easternmost districts; their total population is about 70,000.


title: Toruń

text: The Bydgoszcz–Toruń metro area of Toruń and Bydgoszcz, their counties, and a number of smaller towns, may in total have a population of as much as 800,000. Thus the area contains about one third of the population of the Kuyavia-Pomerania region (which has about 2.1 million inhabitants).


title: Toruń

text: The transport network in the city has undergone major development in recent years. The partial completion of ring road (East and South), the completion of the second bridge (2013) and various road, and cycling lane improvements, including construction of Trasa Średnicowa, have decidedly improved the traffic in the city. However, noise barriers that have been erected along the new or refurbished roads have been criticised as not conducive to a beautiful urban landscape. The extensive roadworks have also drawn attention to the declining population numbers, casting doubt that the city might over-delivered for the future number of road users, as the demographic trends forecast from Statistics Poland predicts a reduction of population by almost 1/4 by year 2050.


title: Toruń

text: The city's public transport system comprises five tram lines and about 40 bus routes, covering the city and some of the neighboring communities.


title: Toruń

text: Toruń is situated at a major road junction, one of the most important in Poland. The A1 highway reaches Toruń, and a southern beltway surrounds the city. Besides these, the European route E75 and a number of domestic roads (numbered 10, 15, and 80) run through the city.


title: Toruń

text: With three main railway stations (Toruń Główny, Toruń Miasto and Toruń Wschodni), the city is a major rail junction, with two important lines crossing there (Warszawa–Bydgoszcz and Wrocław–Olsztyn). Two other lines stem from Toruń, toward Malbork and Sierpc.


title: Toruń

text: The rail connection with Bydgoszcz is run under a name "BiT City" as a "metropolitan rail". Its main purpose is to allow traveling between and within these cities using one ticket. A joint venture of Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Solec Kujawski and the voivodeship, it is considered as important in integrating Bydgoszcz-Toruń metropolitan area. A major modernization of BiT City railroute, as well as a purchase of completely new vehicles to serve the line, is planned for 2008 and 2009. Technically, it will allow to travel between Toruń-East and Bydgoszcz-Airport stations at a speed of in a time of approximately half an hour. In a few years' time "BiT City" will be integrated with local transportation systems of Toruń and Bydgoszcz, thus creating a uniform metropolitan transportation network – with all necessary funds having been secured in 2008.


title: Toruń

text: Since September 2008, the "one-ticket" solution has been introduced also as regards a rail connection with Włocławek, as a "regional ticket". The same is planned for connection with Grudziądz.


title: Toruń

text: , a small sport airfield exists in Toruń; however, a modernization of the airport is seriously considered with a number of investors interested in it. Independently of this, Bydgoszcz Ignacy Jan Paderewski Airport, located about from Toruń city centre, serves the whole Bydgoszcz-Toruń metropolitan area, with a number of regular flights to European cities.


title: Toruń

text: Although a medium-sized city, Toruń is the site of the headquarters of some of the largest companies in Poland, or at least of their subsidiaries. The official unemployment rate, as of September 2008, is 5.4%.


title: Toruń

text: In 2006, construction of new plants owned by Sharp Corporation and other companies of mainly Japanese origin has started in the neighboring community of Łysomice - about from city centre. The facilities under construction are located in a newly created special economic zone. As a result of cooperation of the companies mentioned above, a vast high-tech complex is to be constructed in the next few years, providing as many as 10,000 jobs (a prediction for 2010) at the cost of about 450 million euros. , the creation of another special economic zone is being considered, this time inside city limits.


title: Toruń

text: Thanks to its architectural heritage Toruń is visited by more than 1.5 million tourists a year (1.6 million in 2007). This makes tourism an important branch of the local economy, although time spent in the city by individual tourists or the number of hotels, which can serve them, are still not considered satisfactory. Major investments in renovation of the city's monuments, building new hotels (including high-standard ones), improvement in promotion, as well as launching new cultural and scientific events and facilities, give very good prospects for Toruń's tourism.


title: Toruń

text: In recent years Toruń has been a site of intense building construction investments, mainly residential and in its transportation network. The latter has been possible partly due to the use of European Union funds assigned for new member states. Toruń city county generates by far the highest number of new dwellings built each year among all Kuyavian-Pomeranian counties, both relative to its population as well as in absolute values. It has led to almost complete rebuilding of some districts. , many major constructions are either under development or are to be launched soon - the value of some of them exceeding 100 million euros. They include a new speedway stadium, major shopping and entertainment centres, a commercial complex popularly called a "New Centre of Toruń", a music theater, a centre of contemporary art, hotels, office buildings, facilities for the Nicolaus Copernicus University, roads and tram routes, sewage and fresh water delivery systems, residential projects, the possibility of a new bridge over the Vistula, and more. Construction of the A1 motorway and the BiT City fast metropolitan railway also directly affects the city. About 25,000 local firms are registered in Toruń.


title: Toruń

text: Toruń has two drama theatres ("Teatr im. Wilama Horzycy" with three stages and "Teatr Wiczy"), two children's theatres ("Baj Pomorski" and "Zaczarowany Świat"), two music theatres ("Mała Rewia", "Studencki Teatr Tańca"), and numerous other theatre groups. The city hosts, among others events, the international theatre festival, "Kontakt", annually in May.


title: Toruń

text: A building called "Baj Pomorski" has recently been completely reconstructed. It is now one of the most modern cultural facilities in the city, with its front elevation in the shape of a gigantic chest of drawers. It is located at the south-east edge of the Old Town. Toruń has two cinemas including a Cinema City, which has over 2,000 seats.


title: Toruń

text: Over ten major museums document the history of Toruń and the region. Among others, the "House of Kopernik" and the accompanying museum commemorate Nicolaus Copernicus and his revolutionary work, the university museum reveals the history of the city's academic past.


title: Toruń

text: The Tony Halik Travelers' Museum (Muzeum Podróżników im. Tony Halika) was established in 2003 after Elżbieta Dzikowska donated to citizens of Toruń a collection of objects from various countries and cultures following the death of her husband, famous explorer and writer, Toruń native, Tony Halik. It is managed by the District Museum in Toruń.


title: Toruń

text: The Centre of Contemporary Art ("Centrum Sztuki Współczesnej" - "CSW") opened in June 2008 and is one of the most important cultural facilities of this kind in Poland. The modern building is located in the very centre of the city, adjacent to the Old Town. The Toruń Symphonic Orchestra (formerly the Toruń Chamber Orchestra) is well-rooted in the Toruń cultural landscape.


title: Toruń

text: Toruń is home to a planetarium (located downtown) and an astronomical observatory (located in nearby village of Piwnice). The latter boasts the largest radio telescope in Central Europe with a diameter of , second only to the Effelsberg radio telescope.


title: Toruń

text: Toruń is well known for Toruń gingerbread, a type of piernik often made in elaborate molds. Muzeum Piernika in Toruń is Europe's only museum dedicated to gingerbread. The 15-year-old composer Fryderyk Chopin was smitten with Toruń gingerbread when he visited his godfather, Fryderyk Skarbek, there in the summer of 1825.


title: Toruń

text: Toruń is a center of conservative Roman Catholic culture. Redemptorist Tadeusz Rydzyk has organized here Radio Maryja, Telewizja Trwam, a college whose students contribute to the mentioned media. Now a museum is being constructed.


title: Toruń

text: Over thirty elementary and primary schools and over ten high schools make up the educational base of Toruń. Besides these, students can also attend a handful of private schools.


title: Toruń

text: The largest institution of higher education in Toruń, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń serves over 20 thousand students and was founded in 1945, based on the Toruń Scientific Society, Stefan Batory University in Wilno, and Jan Kazimierz University in Lwów. The existence of a high-ranked and high-profiled university with so many students plays a great role the city's position and importance in general, as well as in creating an image of Toruń's streets and clubs filled with crowds of young people. It also has a serious influence on local economy.


title: Toruń

text: Also located in Toruń is one of the oldest high schools in Poland, , which dates back to a gymnasium founded in 1568.


title: Toruń

text: Six hospitals of various specializations provide medical service for Toruń itself, its surrounding area and to the region in general. The two largest of these hospitals, recently run by the voivodeship, are to be taken over by Nicolaus Copernicus University and run as its clinical units. At least one of them is to change its status in 2008, with the formal procedures being very advanced.


title: Toruń

text: Honouring Toruń's sister relationship with Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the Bulwar Filadelfijski ("Philadelphia Boulevard"), a long street running mostly between Vistula River and walls of the Old Town and the boulevard itself, bears its name.


title: Toruń

text: The Ślimak Getyński is one of the lanes connecting Piłsudski Bridge / John Paul II Avenue with Philadelphia Boulevard at their downtown interchange. It honours the relationship with Göttingen, its name derived from the street's half-circular shape (Polish word "ślimak" meaning "snail").


title: French catheter scale

text: The French scale, French gauge or Charrière system is commonly used to measure the size of a catheter. It is most often abbreviated as Fr, but can often be seen abbreviated as Fg, FR or F. It may also be abbreviated as CH or Ch (for Charrière, its inventor). However, simply "gauge", "G" or "GA" generally refers to Birmingham gauge.


title: French catheter scale

text: The Charrière is measured by the <nowiki>"</nowiki>outer<nowiki>"</nowiki> diameter, and is defined as 1 Fr = 1/3 mm, and thus 1 mm = 3 Fr; therefore the diameter of a round catheter in millimetres can be determined by dividing the French size by 3.,


title: French catheter scale

text: For example, if the French size is 9, the diameter is 9/3 = 3.0; mm. It is seen that the French unit is fully redundant with the metric system but introduces potential for rounding errors. This metrication problem is further complicated by the mixed use of metric and imperial units in medical professions using catheters.


title: French catheter scale

text: An increasing French size corresponds to a larger external diameter. This is contrary to Birmingham gauge, where an increasing gauge corresponds to a smaller diameter needle.


title: French catheter scale

text: The French size is a measure of the outer diameter of a catheter (not internal drainage channel, or inner diameter). So, for example, if a two-way catheter of 20 Fr is compared to a 20 Fr three-way catheter, they both have the same external diameter but the two-way catheter will have a larger drainage channel than the three-way. Three-way catheters accommodate an extra channel for irrigation within a similar external diameter.


title: French catheter scale

text: The French gauge was devised by Joseph-Frédéric-Benoît Charrière, a 19th-century Parisian maker of surgical instruments, who defined the "diameter times 3" relationship.


title: Steph McGovern

text: Stephanie Rose McGovern (born 31 May 1982) is an English journalist and television presenter. She currently hosts "Steph's Packed Lunch" on Channel 4. She worked for the BBC as the main business presenter for "BBC Breakfast", often co-hosting the entire programme.


title: Steph McGovern

text: McGovern was born in 1982 in North Shields, Tyne and Wear, and grew up in Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire. Her father is professional artist Eamonn McGovern. In 1998, at the start of her sixth form studies, she won an Arkwright Engineering Scholarship for her potential to be a future leader in the engineering industry. From 1998 to 2000, at Macmillan Academy, in the sixth form, she studied maths, physics, design technology and business studies.


title: Steph McGovern

text: At the age of 19, she was awarded the Young Engineers Clubs' "Young Engineer for Britain", and during a gap year Year in Industry before a then-planned mechanical engineering degree at Imperial College, McGovern was a junior member of Black & Decker’s Six Sigma team in Spennymoor, saving Black & Decker £150,000 a year by improving production techniques used for the "Leaf Hog" (Blower/Vacuum/Mulcher) later receiving "EEF/Year in Industry Award" for Contribution to the Business.


title: Steph McGovern

text: She attended University College London, where, in 2005, she received a BSc for "Science Communication and Policy" in the Department of Science and Technology Studies. In 2013, she was awarded an honorary doctorate by Teesside University.


title: Steph McGovern

text: McGovern started at the BBC doing work experience on the "Tomorrow's World" programme, before securing part-time employment as a researcher in current affairs. She became the main producer for daily financial news on the "Today" programme on Radio 4, before becoming the lead producer of business news on the BBC's "One", "Six" and "Ten O'Clock" news bulletins, working with the then business editor, Robert Peston.


title: Steph McGovern

text: McGovern has presented BBC Radio 5 Live's "Wake Up to Money and" "On the Money" and was "BBC Breakfast"s main business presenter beginning in 2010, as well as a regular presenter of the entire show. She presented "Pocket Money Pitch" for CBBC.


title: Steph McGovern

text: Since March 2016, she has co-presented the consumer series "Shop Well for Less" with Alex Jones for BBC One. In 2018, McGovern presented a six-part BBC series called "Made in Great Britain".


title: Steph McGovern

text: McGovern joined the BBC "Watchdog" presenting team from autumn 2016. She also co-presented "Can Britain Have a Pay Rise?" for BBC Two alongside James O'Brien and has been both a panellist and host on "Have I Got News for You".


title: Steph McGovern

text: In October 2018, McGovern stated that she found Donald Trump "creepy" after he referred to her as "beautiful" during an interview in 2012. She is said to have brushed off Trump's comments by telling him she had heard "better lines" in Middlesbrough's Club Bongo.


title: Steph McGovern

text: McGovern left "BBC Breakfast" in October 2019 to join Channel 4. She had been expected to host "Steph's Talks" from spring 2020 at Channel 4's then-new base in Leeds, however the COVID-19 pandemic meant that she began presenting "The Steph Show" from her front room on 30 March 2020. The show eventually launched in September 2020 as "Steph's Packed Lunch".


title: Steph McGovern

text: In 2021, she was elected as an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, recognised as a "tireless champion for engineering and vocational skills".


title: Steph McGovern

text: In December 2021, McGovern was featured in the BBC Four series "Walking with...", walking in Littondale in the Yorkshire Dales.


title: Steph McGovern

text: McGovern was a contestant in the second series of "The Masked Dancer" under the stage name 'Tomato Sauce'. Her first appearance was on 10 September 2022 (Episode 2) and she was voted off on 1 October 2022 (Episode 5). She also hosts industrial events.


title: Steph McGovern

text: McGovern is a former champion Irish dancer and still often attends international competitions, where she helps to coach dancers. She confirmed on 14 July 2019 that she was pregnant, she and her girlfriend were expecting their first child. On 4 November 2019, McGovern announced that she had given birth to a baby girl. She lives in Harrogate, North Yorkshire.


title: Wig Wam

text: Wig Wam is a Norwegian glam metal band formed in Halden in 2001. Wig Wam's lineup—consisting of vocalist Glam (Åge Sten Nilsen), guitarist Teeny (Trond Holter), bassist Flash (Bernt Jansen) and drummer Sporty (Øystein Andersen)—has remained unchanged since the band's formation. The band's style mixes glam metal and hard rock with humorous lyrics and imagery. The band had their international breakthrough in 2005 when they in the Eurovision Song Contest held in Kyiv and placed ninth with the song "In My Dreams""." Wig Wam split up in 2014, but reunited in 2019. The band enjoyed further fame in 2022 when James Gunn chose their song "Do Ya Wanna Taste It" as the opening theme for the HBO Max show "Peacemaker". "In My Dreams" was also featured in the Peacemaker soundtrack. Wig Wam has released five studio albums. The band's slogan is: "Rock is the new schläger".


title: Wig Wam

text: Wig Wam was formed in 2001 by musicians active in bands such as Dream Police, Artch, Sha-Boom, Ole Evenrud and Alien. Among their primary influences and musical idols are Kiss and Sweet. The band started their career by touring Norway with numerous live performances and quickly became one of the country's most popular live bands. Their fan base would later be known as Wig Wamaniacs. In 2004 the band released their debut album "667.. The Neighbour of the Beast".


title: Wig Wam

text: A year later they represented Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 2005 with the song "In My Dreams" and placed ninth. The song would go on to become a successful hit in Norway, peaking for three weeks at the top of the national single chart, an achievement neither of Norway's two previous Eurovision winners had managed, and also enjoyed commercial success in Scandinavia. Following Eurovision, Wig Wam toured extensively in Europe. The band had previously placed third in the Norwegian Eurovision final in 2004 with the song "Crazy Things" and singer "Glam" had also placed third in 1998 when he entered under his former artist name "G'sten" with the song "Always Will". The band released their second studio album "Wig Wamania" in 2006 and the live album "Live in Tokyo" in 2007. The band released their third studio album "Non Stop Rock'n Roll" in 2010 and opened for KISS at Valhall in Oslo on 14 June 2010. Wig Wam's fourth studio album "Wall Street" was released in 2012. In 2014 the band announced that the members would part ways after thirteen years together. Wig Wam reunited in 2019 and released their fifth studio album "Never Say Die" in 2021.


title: Wig Wam

text: In January 2022, HBO Max released the television series "Peacemaker" which features the band's song "Do Ya Wanna Taste It" as its opening theme and also includes "In My Dreams" on the soundtrack. While they had been dropped by their booking agency shortly before the opening sequence was revealed, it proved popular enough to lead to a career resurgence for the band.


title: You're Beautiful

text: "You're Beautiful" is a song by English singer-songwriter James Blunt. It was written by Blunt, Sacha Skarbek and Amanda Ghost for Blunt's debut album, "Back to Bedlam" (2004). It was released as the third single of the album in 2005.


title: You're Beautiful

text: In the United Kingdom and Australia, the song reached number one and number two respectively. When released as the debut single from "Back to Bedlam" in Canada and the United States, it reached number one on both charts and received widespread airplay. In 2006, the song won an Ivor Novello Award for airplay. The song has sold 625,000 copies in the United Kingdom as stated by the Official Charts Company, and by October 2012 over three million in the United States. It remains Blunt's biggest hit single in the United States to date, and his only one to reach the top 40 of the "Billboard" Hot 100. In 2012, a new version of the single was issued in Japan. The Q;indivi+ Remix, featuring Japanese performer Keri, was issued on 28 March 2012.


title: You're Beautiful

text: Newspapers have claimed that "You're Beautiful" is about a former girlfriend of Blunt, Dixie Chassay, casting assistant for the "Harry Potter" films, although Blunt refuses to confirm or deny this. On 8 March 2006 on "The Oprah Winfrey Show", Blunt said of the song, "It's kind of miserable. It was about seeing my ex-girlfriend on the Underground in London with her new man, who I didn't know existed. She and I caught eyes and lived a lifetime in that moment, but didn't do anything about it and haven't seen each other since." According to Blunt, he wrote the lyrics of the song at home in two minutes after meeting her, and then finished the song with Sacha Skarbek in Los Angeles, and with Amanda Ghost also credited as a co-writer. Blunt said of the song: "It's always been portrayed as romantic, but it’s actually a bit creepy. It’s about a guy (me) who’s high and stalking someone else’s girlfriend on the subway. And then the stalker kills himself." In an interview with HitQuarters, co-writer Sacha Skarbek said that Blunt brought the title, verses, and the approach of the chorus to a songwriting session. Skarbek's contribution largely focused on the music aspect to the track, contributing chord ideas for the verses, honing the melodies, and making sure the song stuck to, "a couple of key hooks rather than making it too complicated".


title: You're Beautiful

text: Several versions of the song exist. One lyrical version has an explicit word in it (""She could see from my face that I was fucking high"") which was released on "Back to Bedlam" and most of the "You're Beautiful" singles. The radio edit of the song replaces the explicit lyric, changing it to ""She could see from my face that I was flying high"". Acoustic, live, and DVD versions have also been released. However, because of the word in question, the album was given a Parental Advisory sticker. When asked about the song, Blunt responded, "It's probably one of the least meaningful songs on the album and by no means people's favourite. The album is like a book covering various aspects of life in a specific order."


title: You're Beautiful

text: At the beginning of the song, Blunt sings the first line twice (""My life is brilliant""). The mistimed delivery was left in the final recording but omitted in most radio versions. This is parodied in "Weird Al" Yankovic's song "You're Pitiful": After the initial start, he says "What, was I too early? Oh, sorry. Should I...Do you wanna start over? Or, keep going? Okay. Now? Now?" and then begins the song again.


title: You're Beautiful

text: The music video for "You're Beautiful" was directed by Sam Brown. At least one writer's interpretation is that it shows Blunt taking his own life, perhaps following a Japanese tradition of removing one's shoes and contents of clothing prior to jumping from a great height. However, the director of the video states in a "making-of" piece of footage that "[T]he idea [of the video] is built around the last line, where he says, 'I'll never be with you', and that idea of completely forgetting about something, of getting rid of that emotion, and moving on, and I think that the video is a sort of visual manifestation of that emotion."


title: You're Beautiful

text: Blunt removes the upper portion of his clothing in a cold, bare, snowy setting and places all of his personal belongings on the ground. While doing this, seagulls circle overhead like buzzards. At the end of the video, he jumps off a cliff and falls into the water while he sings the lyrics: "But it's time to face the truth, I will never be with you". According to Blunt, he had to jump twice and suffered a split lip in the jumps. The video was filmed in Mallorca, Spain on 23 March 2005.


title: You're Beautiful

text: On November 9, 2021, James Blunt announced the remastering to 4k resolution in YouTube on his Instagram.


title: You're Beautiful

text: The video has been parodied in a "Dead Ringers" spoof, with Jon Culshaw impersonating Blunt, singing the song with different lyrics where he explains how he can be cool.


title: You're Beautiful

text: About.com gave the song four and a half stars out of five, saying "The simple power of Blunt's songwriting is effective at conveying the pain of realizing he will never be with the object of his affections."


title: You're Beautiful

text: "You're Beautiful" was ranked number seven in a poll conducted by "Rolling Stone" magazine to identify the 10 most annoying songs. VH1 ranked it number 95 on its list of the 100 Greatest Songs of the '00s. In October 2014, Blunt stated it had become so ubiquitous that it was "force-fed down people's throats". It has been named as one of the worst songs ever recorded, despite its positive critical reviews.


title: You're Beautiful

text: "You're Beautiful" is Blunt's most successful single release to date. It was also his first successful single and reached number one in ten countries across the world, including the United Kingdom, the United States, Spain, Mexico, Canada, and the Netherlands. The song peaked within the top five in New Zealand, number four, Australia, number two, France, and Germany. Released on 18 May 2005, it entered at number twelve on 5 June and reached number one six weeks later where it remained for five consecutive weeks. The highest position "You're Beautiful" reached in Australia was number two, where it stayed for two consecutive weeks.


title: You're Beautiful

text: In November 2005, "You're Beautiful" was released in North America where it achieved widespread success. In Canada, it ascended to number one (where it remained for four consecutive weeks) 22 weeks following its debut on the BDS Airplay chart. In the United States, it debuted at number 88 before reaching number one 17 weeks later. It replaced Beyoncé's "Check on It" and itself was replaced by Ne-Yo's "So Sick".


title: You're Beautiful

text: The song became the first non-urban or "American Idol" song to reach the top of the U.S. "Billboard" Hot 100 since Nickelback's "How You Remind Me" in 2001. However, "Hollaback Girl" by Gwen Stefani has also been credited for that accomplishment, but due to its hip-hop-based influences, it's been disputed. This also became the first single by a British artist to reach number one since Elton John's "Candle in the Wind 1997" (1997). It achieved success on the "Billboard" Pop 100, Hot Digital Songs, Adult Contemporary, and Adult Top 40 formats. It has been certified double platinum by the RIAA for digital and platinum for mastertone. It has sold over three million in the United States.


title: You're Beautiful

text: The song received three nominations at the 2007 Grammy Awards: Record of the Year, Song of the Year and Best Male Pop Vocal Performance.


title: You're Beautiful

text: The song won the BMI Internet Award for most plays on BMI-licensed websites in 2007 and was the first song to receive this honor at BMI's London Awards.


title: You're Beautiful

text: The single was released in four official physical formats. CD1 includes an exclusive acoustic recording of "Fall at Your Feet", a cover taken from the BBC Radio 1 live lounge sessions. CD2 includes an exclusive acoustic version of "High", plus the video for "You're Beautiful" and "Making-Of" footage. The 7" vinyl includes an exclusive acoustic version of "So Long, Jimmy". The fourth physical format was an exclusive version of CD1, only available at HMV, which includes an additional third track, in the form of an acoustic version of "You're Beautiful". This version was also sold in Australia.


title: Lawrence Okolie

text: Lawrence Okolie (born 16 December 1992) is a British professional boxer who has held the WBO cruiserweight title since 2021. At regional level, he held the Commonwealth cruiserweight title from 2018 to 2019, and the British and European cruiserweight titles separately in 2019. Okolie is known for his long reach, accurate jab and punching power. As of July 2022, he is ranked as the world's second best active cruiserweight by "The Ring" magazine third by the Transnational Boxing Rankings Board and BoxRec.


title: Lawrence Okolie

text: Okolie was born in Hackney, London to Nigerian parents. He grew up in Stoke Newington and attended Stoke Newington School. He represented Team GB as a heavyweight at the 2016 Rio Olympics, he made it to the Round of 16, where he lost to eventual bronze medalist Erislandy Savon of Cuba.


title: Lawrence Okolie

text: On 18 January 2017, Okolie announced his decision to turn professional, signing with Eddie Hearn and Matchroom Sport to compete in the cruiserweight division.


title: Lawrence Okolie

text: His first professional fight took place at the Manchester Arena in Manchester on 25 March 2017. It was on the undercard for the Jorge Linares vs. Anthony Crolla lightweight world championship fight. His opponent was 33 year old Geoffrey Cave, who had a record of no wins and two losses. The fight lasted 20 seconds and ended after Okolie landed two right hooks to the head of Cave. The referee stopped the fight immediately. His next bout took place in Glasgow, Scotland at The SSE Hydro on 15 April as part of the undercard for the world Ricky Burns vs. Julius Indongo super lightweight unification fight. He fought 35 year old journeyman Lukasz Rusiewicz. Okolie knocked Rusiewicz down twice in round one en route to a first-round stoppage. The time of stoppage was 2 minutes and 36 seconds.


title: Lawrence Okolie

text: Okolie was scheduled to fight on the undercard of the mega heavyweight fight Anthony Joshua vs. Wladimir Klitschko on 29 April at the Wembley Stadium in London. On 25 April, it was announced that he would fight Russell Henshaw (7–4, 2 KOs), who he was supposed to fight on his debut. On the night, Okolie tweeted that he would no longer be fighting on the undercard. The reason for this was due to Wembley council having a curfew of 11:00pm and the main event was due to start at 10:00pm. The other fights on the undercard went longer than expected.


title: Lawrence Okolie

text: Okolie fought on the Kell Brook vs. Errol Spence Jr. IBF world title undercard at Bramall Lane in Sheffield on 27 May, defeating Rudolf Helesic in the first round. Helesic was knocked down twice prior to the stoppage. On 1 July, Okolie recorded his fourth straight first-round stoppage win against Russell Henshaw. The fight was stopped after 2 minutes and 10 seconds into the round.


title: Lawrence Okolie

text: It was announced that Okolie would appear on the NXTGEN card on 1 September 2017, at the York Hall in London. Other prospects on the card included Conor Benn and fellow Olympians Joshua Buatsi and Joe Cordina. Okolie went the six-round distance for the first time in his career against Blaise Mendouo. He lost one round on the referee's scorecard, winning 59–54. Okolie was also taken past the first round for the first time in his professional career. In round four, Mendouo was dropped by a big right hand. Following the win, Okolie spoke to Sky Sports about going the distance, "It was useful to go the rounds, but was tough against an awkward opponent. It was a little bit scrappy, I couldn't get the rhythm of my opponent. I knew that this guy would be a lot more difficult than some of the other cruiserweight prospects." Okolie next fought on 28 October on the Anthony Joshua vs. Carlos Takam undercard at the Principality Stadium in Cardiff, Wales. His opponent was 36 year old Adam Williams. Okolie stopped Williams in the third round, extending his unbeaten record.


title: Lawrence Okolie

text: Okolie next fought on 13 December 2017, closing off his first year as a professional at the York Hall in London. His opponent was Antonio Sousa in a six-round bout. Starting off with a stiff jab, Okolie dropped Sousa twice in round one and twice in round two before the referee stepped in at 1 minute and 4 seconds. After the fight, speaking on rival Isaac Chamberlain, he said, "He and Ted Bami are two cowards! He's calling me his easiest fight, he's saying stuff online. Here's the fight in February, let's go."


title: Lawrence Okolie

text: On 19 December, Sky Sports confirmed Okolie would fight Chamberlain on 3 February 2018 at The O2 Arena. The fighters had been calling each other out on social media over the months before the fight was finally signed. In January 2018, the WBA sanctioned the fight for their vacant Continental cruiserweight title. In front of 8,000 fans in attendance, Okolie scored a quick knockdown in the opening round, en route to a dominant one-sided unanimous decision (UD) win to capture the vacant WBA Continental title. In round two, after being warned a number of times, Chamberlain was docked a point for continuous holding. In round six, Okolie landed a right hand to Chamberlain, forcing his glove to touch the canvas for a second knockdown. Okolie also had a point deducted in round nine. After ten rounds, the judges scorecards read 98–89, 97–89 and 96-90 in favour of Okolie. After the fight, Okolie called out Welsh boxer Craig Kennedy (16–1, 8 KOs) for a fight on the Anthony Joshua vs. Joseph Parker undercard. The card averaged 230,000 viewers on Sky Sports.


title: Lawrence Okolie

text: On 16 April 2018, Commonwealth cruiserweight champion Luke Watkins (13–0, 9 KOs) called out Okolie for a fight in the future. Nine days later, the Swindon Advertiser reported that Okolie's promoter, Eddie Hearn, had given the bout the green light to go ahead. On 26 April, a deal had been agreed for the fight to take place on 6 June at the York Hall in London. Okolie dropped Watkins twice on his way to a third-round stoppage victory. Referee Michael Alexander stopped the fight at 1 minute 40 seconds of the round. After the bout, Hearn stated the Commonwealth mandatory challenger, Wadi Camacho (20–7, 12 KOs), would likely be Okolie's only title defence before moving on to the British and European titles.


title: Lawrence Okolie

text: On 12 July 2018, the British Boxing Board of Control (BBBofC) ordered for Matty Askin (23–3–1, 15 KOs) to make a mandatory defence of his British cruiserweight title against Okolie by the end of November 2018. A purse bid was set for 8 August. On 7 August, Eddie Hearn announced the fight was confirmed and would take place on the Anthony Joshua vs. Alexander Povetkin undercard on 22 September at the Wembley Stadium in London on Sky Sports Box Office. Prior to the fight being made, Okolie vacated the Commonwealth cruiserweight title. In what was described as an 'ugly fight', Okolie defeated Askin via UD to claim the British cruiserweight title. The final scorecards read 116–110, 114–112 and 114–113 in Okolie's favour. Okolie lost a total of three points in fouls. During the middle rounds there was a lot of holding and wrestling. Okolie began using his head on the inside which resulted in him losing points.


title: Lawrence Okolie

text: On 26 October 2019 Okolie fought Yves Ngabu, ranked #9 by the IBF, #12 by the WBO and #13 by the WBA at cruiserweight. Okolie won the fight via seventh round TKO.


title: Lawrence Okolie

text: At the WBO federation convention in Tokyo in December 2019, it was decided that the Polish former two-time cruiserweight champion Krzysztof Głowacki would face Okolie for the vacant WBO cruiserweight title, and a bout between them was ordered. They had been scheduled to face each other on the undercard of Anthony Joshua vs. Kubrat Pulev on 12 December 2020, but the fight was postponed when Głowacki tested positive for COVID-19. As a result, Okolie instead faced Nikodem Jeżewski, also from Poland, and he won via second-round technical knockout after dropping Jeżewski three times, winning the vacant WBO International cruiserweight title.


title: Lawrence Okolie

text: The Okolie vs. Głowacki world title bout was rescheduled for 20 March 2021, and was won by Okolie via sixth-round knockout. Glowacki was ranked #1 by the WBO and #3 by The Ring at cruiserweight. He conveyed his happiness at winning his first world title in his post-fight interview, saying "Obviously I'm happy, I feel blessed... It's amazing to be able to put an exclamation mark on my life with a world title." Okolie also revealed that his promoter Eddie Hearn had made a deal with him, promising to buy him a watch if he succeeded in becoming a world champion: "Four or five years ago, Eddie Hearn saw a boy from Hackney and said 'if you win a world title, I'll buy you a gold Rolex Sky Dweller'. Now I want my Sky Dweller. And he said I'd get another one if I unify, too!"


title: Lawrence Okolie

text: Okolie made the first defence of his WBO cruiserweight title against WBO's #1 contender Dilan Prašović on 25 September 2021 on the undercard of Anthony Joshua vs. Oleksandr Usyk. Okolie retained his title, winning by third-round knockout.


title: Lawrence Okolie

text: It was announced on 7 January 2022, that Okolie would make his second WBO title defence against Michał Cieślak, who was at the time the #3 ranked WBO cruiserweight contender, on 27 February 2022. Okolie was seen as the 1/9 favourite to retain his title, while bookmakers had Cieślak as the 9/2 underdog. In a scrappy bout that featured a lot of grappling and rabbit punches, Okolie retained his world title with a unanimous decision victory, with judges' scorecards of 117–110, 116–111 and 115–112 in his favour.


title: Eugen Weidmann

text: Eugen Weidmann (5 February 1908 - 17 June 1939) was a German criminal and serial-killer who was executed by guillotine in France in June 1939, the last public execution in France.


title: Eugen Weidmann

text: Weidmann was born in Frankfurt am Main to the family of an export businessman, and went to school there. He was sent to live with his grandparents at the outbreak of World War I; during this time he started stealing. Later in his twenties he served five years in Saarbrücken jail for robbery.


title: Eugen Weidmann

text: During his time in jail Weidmann met two men who would later become his partners in crime: Roger Million and Jean Blanc. After their release from jail, they decided to work together to kidnap rich tourists visiting France and steal their money. They rented a villa in Saint-Cloud, near Paris, for this purpose.


title: Eugen Weidmann

text: Their first kidnapping attempt ended in failure because their victim struggled too hard, forcing them to let him go. In July 1937, they made a second attempt, Weidmann having made the acquaintance of Jean De Koven, a 22-year-old New York City dancer visiting her aunt Ida Sackheim in Paris. Impressed by the tall, handsome German, De Koven wrote to a friend: "I have just met a charming German of keen intelligence who calls himself Siegfried. Perhaps I am going to another Wagnerian role – who knows? I am going to visit him tomorrow at his villa in a beautiful place near a famous mansion that Napoleon gave Josephine." During their meeting they smoked and "Siegfried" gave her a glass of milk. She took photos of him with her new camera (later found beside her body, the developed snapshots showing her killer). Weidmann then strangled and buried her in the villa's garden. She had 300 francs in cash and $430 in traveler's cheques, which the group sent Million's mistress, Colette Tricot, to cash. Sackheim received a letter demanding $500 for the return of her niece. De Koven's brother Henry later came to France offering a 10,000 franc reward from his father Abraham for information about the young woman.


title: Eugen Weidmann

text: On 1 September that year Weidmann hired a chauffeur named Joseph Couffy to drive him to the French Riviera where, in a forest outside Tours he shot him in the nape of the neck and stole his car and 2,500 francs. The next murder came on 3 September, after Weidmann and Million lured Janine Keller, a private nurse, into a cave in the forest of Fontainebleau with a job offer. There he killed her, again with a bullet to the nape of the neck, before robbing her of 1,400 francs and her diamond ring. On 16 October, Million and Weidmann arranged a meeting with a young theatrical producer named Roger LeBlond, promising to invest money in one of his shows. Instead, Weidmann shot him in the back of his head and took his wallet containing 5,000 francs. On 22 November, Weidmann murdered and robbed Fritz Frommer, a young German he had met in jail. Frommer, a Jew, had been held there for his anti-Nazi views. Once again the victim was shot in the nape of the neck. His body was buried in the basement of the Saint-Cloud house where De Koven was interred. Five days later Weidmann committed his final murder. Raymond Lesobre, a real estate agent, was shot in the killer's preferred fashion while showing him around a house in Saint-Cloud. Five thousand francs were taken from him.


title: Eugen Weidmann

text: Officers from the Sûreté, led by a young inspector named Primborgne, eventually tracked Weidmann to the villa from a business card left at Lesobre's office. Arriving at his home, Weidmann found two officers waiting for him. Inviting them in, he then turned and fired three times at them with a pistol. Although they were unarmed, the wounded Sûreté men managed to wrestle Weidmann down, knocking him unconscious with a hammer that happened to be nearby.


title: Eugen Weidmann

text: Weidmann was a highly co-operative prisoner, confessing to all his murders, including that of de Koven, the only one for which he expressed regret. He is reported to have said tearfully: "She was gentle and unsuspecting ... When I reached for her throat, she went down like a doll."


title: Eugen Weidmann

text: The murder trial of Weidmann, Million, Blanc and Tricot in Versailles in March 1939 was the biggest since that of Henri Désiré Landru, the modern-day "Bluebeard", 18 years earlier. One of Weidmann's lawyers, Vincent de Moro-Giafferi, had previously defended Landru. Also present was the French novelist Colette, who was engaged by "Paris-Soir" to write an essay on Weidmann.


title: Eugen Weidmann

text: Weidmann and Million received the death-sentence while Blanc received a jail sentence of twenty months and Tricot was acquitted. Million's sentence was later commuted to life imprisonment.


title: Eugen Weidmann

text: On 17 June 1939, Weidmann was beheaded outside the prison Saint-Pierre in Versailles. The "hysterical behavior" by spectators was so scandalous that French President Albert Lebrun immediately banned all future public executions. (Executions by guillotine continued out of public view until the last such execution, of Hamida Djandoubi on 10 September 1977.)


title: Eugen Weidmann

text: Christopher Lee, who was then seventeen years old, witnessed the event. Nearly half a century later, he portrayed headsman Charles-Henri Sanson in a 1989 French TV drama about the French Revolution, in which his character made prolific use of the device.


title: Eugen Weidmann

text: Chapter "Death On A Quiet Boulevard" in Tom Fallon: "Craftsmen In Crime", published by Frederick Muller Ltd., London 1956.


title: Sean Maguire

text: Sean Maguire (born 18 April 1976 in Ilford, London) is a British-American actor and singer, who rose to fame in 1988 when at the age of eleven he took on the role of "Tegs" Ratcliffe on the BBC children's drama "Grange Hill", in which he remained until 1991. For a short time after leaving "Grange Hill", he played Aidan Brosnan in "EastEnders".


title: Sean Maguire

text: Maguire has appeared in several feature films and had moderate success as a singer. He is known in the United States for his roles as Donovan Brink on the UPN sitcom "Eve", and as Kyle Lendo in the CBS sitcom "The Class". Maguire appeared in the second series of "Scott & Bailey" as P.C. Sean McCartney. He previously played Robin Hood in ABC's "Once Upon a Time", having taken over the role from Tom Ellis.


title: Sean Maguire

text: At age seven, Maguire played one of the many children in the "Every Sperm is Sacred" musical number in the 1983 film "Monty Python's The Meaning of Life". In 1991 he played Simon in the BBC children's drama "Dodgem". In 1993, Maguire joined the cast of the British soap opera "EastEnders" playing Aidan Brosnan, a young Irish footballer playing for fictional side Walford F.C. In 1994, he left the show to take a starring role in the BBC drama series "Dangerfield", playing Marty Dangerfield. He has also appeared in "Holby City" and "Sunburn". In 1995, Maguire was voted "3rd person you'd most like to see get messy" by CBBC viewers and famously received a custard pie in his face from presenter Chris Jarvis dressed as "The Anorak." Barry Foy, who played Billinge Boy in Hollyoaks, was top.


title: Sean Maguire

text: Maguire then pursued a career in music, releasing three albums: his self-titled debut album in 1994, "Spirit" in 1996, and "Greatest Hits" in 1998. Maguire's biggest hit was "Good Day", which reached number 12 in May 1996. During this time, Maguire appeared on the Childliners record "The Gift of Christmas" with acts such as the Backstreet Boys, E.Y.C., MN8, Deuce, Ultimate Kaos, Let Loose, East 17, Peter Andre, Michelle Gayle, Dannii Minogue and many more. Maguire announced his retirement from the music industry during his final performance at Maesteg Town Hall, part of his 'Chick N Bay 9T5 4EVA' tour . Emotional scenes were witnessed in the audience as Sean launched into his final song “Gone and Long Forgotten”. Not content with acting on TV, he has branched out into films. In the early 1990s, he appeared in "Waterland" opposite Ethan Hawke and Jeremy Irons and has also allegedly been credited as having a part in "A Kiss Before Dying", but his part ended up on the cutting room floor.


title: Sean Maguire

text: In 2001, Maguire played the title role in the TV-film "Prince Charming" opposite Bernadette Peters, Christina Applegate and Billy Connolly – with Martin Short as his assistant, Rodney. In 2005, he also made "The Third Wish" – which co-starred actors Jenna Mattison, Armand Assante, Betty White and James Avery. Maguire also appeared as "Euan" in the defunct WB Network sitcom "Off Centre" with Eddie Kaye Thomas and Jason George.


title: Sean Maguire

text: Maguire played one of the main characters, Donovan Brink, on the television series "Eve". He starred in the CBS sitcom "The Class", playing gay character Kyle Lendo, but the show was cancelled in May 2007. He completed filming in 2006–2007 for an American comedy film "LA Blues" playing a character called Jack Davis.


title: Sean Maguire

text: Maguire's film "Meet the Spartans" went to No. 1 in the US box office chart in 2008, although the film was panned by critics, and was voted second worst film of 2008 by "The Times" newspaper, and he starred in "Mr Eleven" on ITV1 in autumn 2008. Maguire also signed on to a guest spot in Cupid for ABC portraying an Irish musician.


title: Sean Maguire

text: Maguire played the lead role in "Kröd Mändoon and the Flaming Sword of Fire", a comedy fantasy series in which he plays a "sensitive, but clueless freedom fighter". The show premiered in the United States on Comedy Central on 9 April 2009, in Canada on Citytv on 8 June, and in the United Kingdom on BBC Two on 11 June.


title: Sean Maguire

text: Maguire auditioned for the role of Sasha in the 2011 cult classic Knives with the role eventually being given to Kiryl Mihailovich Smaliakou.


title: Sean Maguire

text: In the third season of ABC's "Once Upon a Time", Maguire joined the show as Robin Hood, taking over the role from Tom Ellis. After recurring for two seasons, he was promoted to a series regular in June 2015, right before the start of the show's fifth season. Maguire exited the main cast in 2016 after his character's death, though he returned in the second half of the sixth season for five episodes as an alternate version of Robin Hood.


title: Sean Maguire

text: Maguire is one of six siblings from the famous Irish dance family. His parents run the well-known Maguire–O'Shea school. Maguire himself danced competitively as a child. Maguire married police detective Tanya Flynn on 19 October 2012. They held a second wedding on 30 December 2014. The couple's first child, a son, was born in July 2015. Their second son was born in December 2017. Their third child, a daughter, was born in September 2021.


title: Ella Toone

text: Ella Ann Toone (born 2 September 1999) is an English professional footballer who plays as a forward for Women's Super League club Manchester United and England.


title: Ella Toone

text: Toone has previously played for Manchester City and Blackburn Rovers, and has represented England at under-17, under-19, under-21, and senior levels. Toone scored the first goal in England's 2–1 victory over Germany in the final of UEFA Women's Euro 2022, which brought England their second major tournament victory in international football.


title: Ella Toone

text: Toone joined Manchester City in the summer of 2016 from Blackburn Rovers having previously been a youth at Manchester United for six years but moved on due to a lack of senior women's team. She continued to play with Blackburn in the National League on dual registration terms. In July 2016, she made her senior Manchester City debut as a substitute in an 8–0 win over Aston Villa in the Continental Cup.


title: Ella Toone

text: Toone was nominated alongside four others for the FA Women's Young Player of the Year award in May 2018, an award eventually won by Beth Mead.


title: Ella Toone

text: In July 2018, Toone joined Manchester United for their inaugural season in the FA Women's Championship for the 2018–19 season, one of seven players to return to the senior side having played for the club at youth level. She made her competitive debut for Manchester United, as a half-time substitute for Mollie Green, in a 1–0 League Cup victory against Liverpool on 19 August. On 9 September, she scored her first senior goal, on her league debut, in United's opening game of the 2018–19 season, a 12–0 win away to Aston Villa. She was voted FA Women's Championship player of the month for February 2019, having scored five goals in United's two league games, with four of them scored against Leicester City on 13 February.


title: Ella Toone

text: In the 2019–20 season, Toone scored five goals in a League Cup group stage game as United beat Leicester City 11–1 on 21 November 2019, equaling the club record set by Jessica Sigsworth the previous season.


title: Ella Toone

text: Ahead of the 2020–21 season, Toone signed a new two-year contract with an option for a third. Toone finished the season as United's top goal scorer, with ten goals in all competitions.


title: Ella Toone

text: On 17 October 2017, Toone made her under-19 debut in an UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship qualification match against Kazakhstan, scoring twice in a 9–0 win. She scored 5 across the qualifying campaign as England finished second to Germany in the elite round.


title: Ella Toone

text: In June 2018, Toone was part of the 35-player shortlist to make the England under-20 squad for the FIFA Women's U20 World Cup, but was ruled out through injury.


title: Ella Toone

text: In September 2020, Toone received her first senior national team call-up as part of a 30-player training camp at St George's Park. She made her senior international debut on 23 February 2021 as a half-time substitute and scored a penalty in a 6–0 friendly win over Northern Ireland. She scored a hat-trick on 26 October 2021 against Latvia during 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification.


title: Ella Toone

text: In June 2022, Toone was included in the England squad for UEFA Women's Euro 2022. She appeared in every match as a substitute, and scored twice. Her first goal was an 84th-minute equaliser against Spain in the quarter-finals to send the game into extra-time, eventually winning 2–1. Her second goal was in the final to give England the lead against Germany in the 62nd minute. England won 2–1 in extra-time, winning the tournament.


title: Ella Toone

text: In May 2021, Toone was named to the Team GB squad as one of four reserve players for the delayed Tokyo 2020 Olympics. She was forced to withdraw from the pre-Olympic training camp held for the English players in June 2021 after testing positive for COVID-19. On 1 July 2021, the IOC and FIFA confirmed rosters would be expanded from 18 to 22 meaning the four reserve players would be available for selection to the matchday squad. Toone was named to the bench for the opening group game against Chile and appeared as a stoppage time substitute in the 2–0 win.


title: Ella Toone

text: Born in Tyldesley, Toone attended Fred Longworth High School. After leaving secondary school, whilst playing for Manchester United, Toone enrolled onto a BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma Sport Science course at Wigan and Leigh College.


title: Ella Toone

text: Toone is a childhood Manchester United fan, with Cristiano Ronaldo being one of her favourite players.


title: Ni no Kuni II: Revenant Kingdom

text: Ni no Kuni II: Revenant Kingdom is an action role-playing game developed by Level-5 and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment. The game is a sequel to "", and was released for PlayStation 4 and Windows on March 23, 2018. The game was later released for the Nintendo Switch on September 17, 2021, and is set to launch for Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S in 2023.


title: Ni no Kuni II: Revenant Kingdom

text: The story follows Evan Pettiwhisker Tildrum, a young king who was usurped from his castle and sets out to build a new kingdom. While players can freely navigate Evan throughout the game's overworld, other characters in the party can be freely controlled in battles. During these battles, players use magical abilities and are assisted by elemental creatures known as "Higgledies", which are used to cast spells and grant other combat bonuses. The game received generally positive critical reception, and sold over 900,000 copies worldwide by May 2018.


title: Ni no Kuni II: Revenant Kingdom

text: "Ni no Kuni II: Revenant Kingdom" is a role-playing game played from a third-person perspective. Players complete quests—linear scenarios with set objectives—to progress through the story. Outside of quests, players can freely roam the open world, where they explore towns, villages, dungeons, and other dangerous places scattered throughout the world. Upon leaving a location, players enter the World Map, which can be used to select a destination; the overworld represents a diorama, and the characters are portrayed with a chibi-like design.


title: Ni no Kuni II: Revenant Kingdom

text: When players encounter enemies, they enter a battle system. Battles take place on an open battlefield, allowing players to freely roam around the area. During battles, players command a single ally in their party; a party consists of three chosen characters, which can be switched between at any time during battle. The other two characters that the player does not command fight freely on their own. To fight enemies, players use melee attacks, magical abilities and "Higgledies". Higgledies are small creatures which exist in several forms, representing one of six elements, each with their own strengths. Players can have up to four in a party at one time.


title: Ni no Kuni II: Revenant Kingdom

text: In "Revenant Kingdom", players have the ability to build and manage Evan's kingdom, focusing on the arrangement of work-forces within the town to provide materials and shops, such as for weapons and armor.


title: Ni no Kuni II: Revenant Kingdom

text: "Revenant Kingdom" is set hundreds of years after the events of "". The game begins in the kingdom of Ding Dong Dell, which features the cat-like Grimalkin and mouse-like Mousekin races which have a history of animosity. The kingdom is ruled by the House of Tildrum, with its current heir, Evan, preparing himself to assume the throne after his father's untimely death.


title: Ni no Kuni II: Revenant Kingdom

text: Aside from Ding Dong Dell, the world is divided among three other major realms: Goldpaw, focused on gambling and tourism, ruled by the Dogfolk; Hydropolis, a secluded marine nation of merfolk and humans; and Broadleaf, an industrious, highly advanced nation formed by a corporation that grew large enough to establish its independence. Each country's ruler has a bond with a powerful being known as a Kingmaker. This bond is known as a Kingsbond, and it not only acts as a proof of authority, but also to protect the country and its population from harm. The bond between a ruler and its Kingmaker can only be broken when the ruler dies, or is forcefully stolen, which is only possible when the support of their subjects falter.


title: Ni no Kuni II: Revenant Kingdom

text: The two main protagonists are Evan Pettiwhisker Tildrum, a child and rightful heir of Ding Dong Dell, and Roland Crane, a president from an unnamed nation of Earth who is transmigrated to the world of Ni no Kuni in a younger form of himself, and becomes Evan's friend and loyal companion. The party also includes Tani, a girl of Evan's age; her father Batu, from a tribe of sky pirates; Leander, a young man who is the advisor for Queen Nerea of the island kingdom of Hydropolis; and Bracken Meadows, a young woman who is the top engineer and one of the founders of the industrious country of Broadleaf.


title: Ni no Kuni II: Revenant Kingdom

text: The game begins with Roland witnessing a missile exploding over a city. In the aftermath, he vanishes and reappears in front of Evan in Ding Dong Dell, with his youth suddenly regained, just as Mausinger, the advisor to Evan's late father, stages a coup. As they escape, they learn that Mausinger poisoned the previous king and intends to have Evan killed to assume control of the kingdom. Assisted by Evan's governess Aranella, who sacrifices herself for their safety, Evan and Roland escape safely from Ding Dong Dell, with Evan promising to her that he will establish a new kingdom in which everyone can be happy and free. Since then, he is occasionally approached in his dreams by a mysterious boy around his age, who becomes his confidant.


title: Ni no Kuni II: Revenant Kingdom

text: Given this, Evan and Roland travel to Cloudcoil Canyon to reach the Kings' Cradle to seek out a Kingmaker for themselves. There, they are joined by a group of sky-pirates, their boss Batu, and his daughter Tani who help them reach the shrine in which Evan undergoes a trial to make a bond with a new Kingmaker. Upon success, Evan is joined by the tiny Lofty, his new Kingmaker. After settling in an unclaimed plain area, Roland instructs Evan to make contact with a neighboring kingdom: Goldpaw, where they learn that Goldpaw's ruler, Master Pugnacius, is making use of rigged gambling to exploit the population. Once Pugnacius is exposed by the party, his Kingsbond is taken by a mysterious man called Doloran. The party later learns that Doloran was once a king from a long lost Kingdom that disappeared in a single day. Despite his errors, Pugnacius retains the support of his people, as he was just being manipulated by Doloran to do his bidding.


title: Ni no Kuni II: Revenant Kingdom

text: Back to their settlement, the party, along with the pirates and immigrants from other nations, establish the nation of Evermore. To plan their next step, Evan and the others seek for knowledge at Goldpaw's library where they learn of Ferdinand, an ancient king who once united the kingdoms of the whole world through a "Declaration of Interdependance", which inspires Evan to do the same. After convincing Pugnacius to sign the declaration, Evan and the others set to Hydropolis, where they fail to prevent Doloran from stealing Queen Nerea's Kingsbond but convince her to sign the declaration. Nerea's loyal advisor and true love, Leander, agrees to join the party to stop Doloran's schemes. A similar situation occurs in Broadleaf, where Doloran steals the Kingsbond from President Zip Vector, who also agrees to sign the declaration afterwards, and the party is joined by Bracken.


title: Ni no Kuni II: Revenant Kingdom

text: After returning to Evermore, Roland leaves temporarily and sets to Ding Dong Dell, where he feigns allegiance with Mausinger in order to retrieve the Mark of Kings, an important artifact belonging to the royal family. After Roland returns to the party, they hold an audience with Mausinger in order to exchange the Mark of Kings for his cooperation, but he attacks them instead. In the occasion, Doloran takes advantage of the conflict to steal Mausinger's Kingsbond and reveals that he corrupted Mausinger's advisor, Vermine, instructing him to turn Mausinger against Evan's father. Instead of rewarding Vermine for his services, Doloran steals his soul and flees. Realizing his errors, Mausinger reforms, and agrees to treat all citizens in Ding Dong Dell equally and sign the declaration.


title: Ni no Kuni II: Revenant Kingdom

text: With four Kingsbonds in his possession, Doloran begins the ritual to retrieve his own Kingsmaker, "The Horned One", stealing the souls of people around the world in the process. In response, the party returns to Goldpaw's library where they find clues about the "Mornstar", a legendary sword capable of destroying the Horned One. After the Mornstar is recreated and entrusted to Evan, the armies of the five nations launch an attack on the Horned One to allow the party to reach and confront Doloran. Facing the party himself, Doloran reveals that Roland is his soulmate from Earth, and should one of them die, the other will perish as well. He also reveals that his true intention is not only to revive his lost kingdom but to restore his former Kingsmaker and lover, Alisandra, who was turned into the Horned One because she defied the gods by loving him. Doloran then asks Roland, whose nation on Earth was destroyed by war, to join his side, but he refuses, and the party defeats Doloran in battle.


title: Ni no Kuni II: Revenant Kingdom

text: Soon after, the Horned One manifests itself and is slain by the party. Alisandra's spirit appears before Doloran and reveals that she actually tried to relinquish her powers to live beside him, but by doing so, these powers converted her into the Horned One, and departs to the afterlife. Evan then convinces Doloran to start anew and rebuild his kingdom. Back to Evermore, Evan and the kings of the other major nations celebrate their victory with their subjects and Roland is sent back home, having one last encounter with Evan before departing. In another encounter with the mysterious boy, Evan discovers that he has actually been talking with Ferdinand in his dreams, who was not a king from the past, but his son and successor instead, who provided advice to the party through Goldpaw's librarian, Boddly, who in reality is a soothsayer. Many years later, Ferdinand assumes his father's throne and accomplishes Evan's dream of uniting all countries in the world. In the post-credits, Roland, back to his original age, pushes forward in his mission to unite all countries of Earth as well, inspired by his journeys with Evan.


title: Ni no Kuni II: Revenant Kingdom

text: The game was announced during the PlayStation Experience event in December 2015. "Eurogamer" described the announcement as a highlight of the event. Unlike the first game, which was a collaboration with Studio Ghibli, the sequel did not have their involvement. Despite that, former Ghibli character designer Yoshiyuki Momose and longtime music composer Joe Hisaishi, both of whom worked on "Wrath of the White Witch", reprised their lead roles. Level-5 CEO Akihiro Hino said that the sequel would better fulfill the ambitions of the original game, with deeper stories and improved visuals. The character of Roland was developed to allow older players to feel more engaged with the story, due to his age. The "Higgledies" were introduced to refresh the battle system.


title: Ni no Kuni II: Revenant Kingdom

text: Delayed twice prior to its launch, it was released for PlayStation 4 and Windows on March 23, 2018. In addition to the standard version of the game, players can also purchase three different editions, depending on region. A "day one edition" included a downloadable content pack that added five unique weapons. The premium edition features a steelbook, papercraft kit, a collection of original songs, and the "Dragon's Tooth" DLC, while the collector's edition includes all of that in addition to behind-the-scenes videos, an art book, a diorama, a plush, a display case, and the season pass; in Europe and Australia, the "Prince's Edition" features a steelbook, behind-the-scenes videos, and the season pass, while the "King's Edition" features the same in addition to a vinyl record, art book, and a diorama music box. A soundtrack, featuring Hisaishi's contributions and performances by the Tokyo Philharmonic Orchestra, was released on June 6, 2018.


title: Ni no Kuni II: Revenant Kingdom

text: In response to criticism about the game being too easy, an update adding two new difficulty modes was released in June 2018. The game received three downloadable content (DLC) packs, with the first releasing on August 9, 2018, the second titled "The Lair of the Lost Lord" on December 13, 2018, and the third titled "The Tale of a Timeless Tome" on March 19, 2019.


title: Ni no Kuni II: Revenant Kingdom

text: The "Prince’s Edition" of the game that includes all previous downloadable content packs, was released worldwide on September 17, 2021 for the Nintendo Switch. A version of the game for Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S was announced during Tokyo Game Show in September 2022, set to release in 2023.


title: Ni no Kuni II: Revenant Kingdom

text: "Ni no Kuni II: Revenant Kingdom" received "generally positive" reviews according to review aggregator Metacritic.


title: Ni no Kuni II: Revenant Kingdom

text: By May 2018, "Ni no Kuni II: Revenant Kingdom" had surpassed over 900,000 total shipments and digital downloads worldwide.


title: Barbie in the 12 Dancing Princesses

text: Barbie in the 12 Dancing Princesses is a 2006 computer-animated dance film. It first premiered on Nickelodeon on September 10, 2006, and it was later released to DVD on September 19.


title: Barbie in the 12 Dancing Princesses

text: The film was directed by Greg Richardson and loosely based on the German fairy tale "The Twelve Dancing Princesses". It is the ninth entry in the "Barbie" film series and features the voice of Kelly Sheridan as the Barbie protagonist. This is the first Barbie film to be distributed by Universal Studios (now Universal Pictures).


title: Barbie in the 12 Dancing Princesses

text: Music for the film was composed by Arnie Roth. "Shine", the end title song written by Roth, Amy Powers and Rob Hudnut, was nominated for a 2007 Emmy Award.


title: Barbie in the 12 Dancing Princesses

text: Genevieve is one of twelve princesses who share a passion for dancing and live in a castle with their widowed father, King Randolph. Unbeknownst to the princesses, other people consider them improper for having unique but unladylike hobbies and interests. King Randolph summons his cousin, Duchess Rowena, to help educate them into proper ladies. However, the Duchess wants the throne and removes all color, music, and joy from the palace, trying to break the girls' spirits.


title: Barbie in the 12 Dancing Princesses

text: On their youngest sisters' birthday, the other sisters gift a copy of their late mother's favorite story, wherein a princess discovers a magical land and dances there for three nights before it vanishes. Looking at the story and the tiles on their bedroom floor, Genevieve discovers how to open a portal into the magical land. Upon entering, they dance the night away. They learn the hanging golden flowers grant wishes, the statues can come to life, and the water has healing properties.


title: Barbie in the 12 Dancing Princesses

text: The next day, the princesses appear tired and Rowena finds their new dancing shoes worn out, arousing her suspicions. King Randolph falls ill, so Genevieve asks the royal cobbler, Derek, to investigate Rowena's true intentions. That night, the princesses return to the magical land; Derek confronts a local apothecary and deduces that Rowena has been poisoning the King.


title: Barbie in the 12 Dancing Princesses

text: The next morning, the sisters are again exhausted. Rowena, refusing to believe the sisters when they tell her the truth, forces them into servitude. After overhearing Rowena maneuver the King into referring to his daughters as burdens, the heartbroken princesses return to the magical land for a third time, and Rowena finds them missing the next morning.


title: Barbie in the 12 Dancing Princesses

text: Derek figures out how to open the portal. Rowena's pet monkey, Brutus, spies on Derek and leads Rowena through after him; she steals one of the wish-granting flowers. The princesses decide to go home and help their father; however, Rowena returns to the palace ahead of them and has her henchman, Desmond, destroy the portal. Derek and Genevieve figure out how to activate another portal by dancing together, freeing the group.


title: Barbie in the 12 Dancing Princesses

text: Once home, they find out that the King is dying and that Rowena has taken over as Queen. The Duchess uses the golden flower to wish for Genevieve to dance forever without rest, but Genevieve blows the magic dust back at her with a hand fan, forcing Rowena to dance uncontrollably. When Desmond tries to help Rowena, he is pulled into the spell, and the two dance their way out of the castle. Lacey uses the healing water she took from the magic land to revive her father. King Randolph affirms his unconditional love for his daughters and Genevieve and Derek celebrate their wedding.


title: Barbie in the 12 Dancing Princesses

text: Each of the 12 Princesses is designated with a gemstone and a flower. Each princess' flower appears on their dresses, the book gifted to each of them, and on the stones on the floor of their bedroom, and each of the princesses' names begin with the first 12 letters of the alphabet.


title: Barbie in the 12 Dancing Princesses

text: The film's ballet scenes feature the movement of New York City Ballet dancers, computer animated through motion capture imaging.


title: Barbie in the 12 Dancing Princesses

text: In the October 14, 2006 issue of "Billboard", "Barbie in the 12 Dancing Princesses" debuted at number one on the Top DVD Sales chart. The film sold nearly 500,000 units in its first week, 15% more than the previous princess-themed film in the Barbie franchise.