title: Frankie Kazarian

text: At the 2007 Turning Point pay-per-view, he was partnered with Booker T against Christian Cage and Robert Roode, with Kaz and Booker winning. He then began attacking Dustin Rhodes, and stealing things from Rhodes' alter ego "Black Reign". He defeated Black Reign at Final Resolution. After defeating Black Reign, Kaz and Black Reign competed in a Four Corner Mouse Trap match were Kaz won but Black Reign ended up getting his things back from Kaz after hitting Kaz with his Darkness Falls weapon. On February 23, Kaz defeated Rellik. After the match, Black Reign and Rellik attacked Kaz. Eric Young ran out to help but got too scared to do anything. At Destination X, Kaz and Young defeated Black Reign and Rellik leading to Kaz and Young (now 'Super Eric') becoming a tag team. On April 13, at Lockdown 2008, they won the Cuffed in a Cage match. On the April 17 episode of "TNA Impact!", following Lockdown, Kaz and Young defeated the holders of the TNA World Tag Team Championship, AJ Styles and Tomko and The Latin American Xchange (LAX) in a triple threat tag team match for the titles after Young's alter ego, "Super Eric" pinned Styles with a bridging suplex. Later in the night, Styles complained to Jim Cornette that since Young was signed to the match, not Super Eric, and Young claimed that he and Super Eric are different people, Super Eric's involvement was outside interference. When Eric refused to admit that he was Super Eric, Cornette vacated the titles.


title: Frankie Kazarian

text: Following Kaz and Young's loss to LAX in a Deuces Wild Tournament qualifying match, Kaz competed in and won the Terror Dome Match at Sacrifice, becoming number one contender to the X Division Championship, and also taking Kurt Angle's place in the triple threat match for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship. The match was won by Samoa Joe, who retained the title. On the June 5 episode of "Impact!" Kaz won a future title match for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship in the first ever X Division King of the Mountain Match. He then failed to win the X Division championship at Slammiversary, losing to the X Division Champion Petey Williams. He then challenged Joe the following Thursday on "Impact!" for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship in a losing effort. He led Team TNA in the 2008 World X Cup and was in the final round at Victory Road, but lost after he pulled off a huge leg drop on Daivari off the top of the Ultimate X structure. On July 21, 2008, TNA's official website announced that Kaz had been released, but it was revealed to be a storyline. He was later interviewed by Karen Angle to further the storyline, and claimed that after failing to beat Kurt Angle for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship and letting down his company in the finals of the World X Cup, he had fallen out of love with wrestling and, so, had made the decision to leave.


title: Frankie Kazarian

text: In late 2008 Kazarian made his return to TNA Wrestling as a masked wrestler named Suicide, who was featured in Midway's "TNA Impact!" video game. He debuted at Final Resolution in December 2008 as a face, swinging to the ring on a cable, attacking the Motor City Machine Guns. At Destination X Suicide won the TNA X Division Championship, in his debut match, in the Ultimate X match. Because of an injury to Kazarian, Suicide was portrayed for several weeks by Christopher Daniels, who was in the costume when the character won the X Division Championship. Afterwards, Daniels began feuding with the Motor City Machineguns of Alex Shelley and Chris Sabin, who on the April 30 episode of "Impact!" accused him of being Suicide. On the May 7 episode of "Impact!", Jay Lethal and Consequences Creed joined the accusations by also accusing Daniels of being Suicide. On the May 14 episode of "Impact!" the Motor City Machineguns and Lethal Consequences were trying to unmask Suicide in an attempt to prove that they were right about his true identity, but Daniels made the save and helped Suicide clear the ring of Shelley, Sabin, Lethal, and Creed. At Slammiversary, Suicide retained the TNA X Division Championship against Shelley, Sabin, Lethal, and Creed, in a King of the Mountain match. On the July 16 episode of "Impact!" Suicide lost his X Division title to Homicide after he cashed in his "Feast or Fired" briefcase.


title: Frankie Kazarian

text: After not being seen for a few weeks, Suicide made his return at Hard Justice to compete in the Steel Asylum match, which he lost because of D'Angelo Dinero. On the August 20 episode of "Impact!" Suicide attacked Dinero after his match with Consequences Creed sparking a feud between the two. On the September 17 episode of "Impact!" Dinero defeated Suicide in a grudge match. At No Surrender Dinero defeated Suicide again, this time in a Falls Count Anywhere match. The following week on "Impact!" Suicide finally defeated Dinero, by pinning him in a street fight. On the October 15 episode of "Impact!" Homicide stole Suicide's costume and claimed to now know his true identity. On the December 3 episode "Impact!" Suicide made peace with Dinero and joined him, Matt Morgan and Hernandez in their war with Rhino, Team 3D and Jesse Neal. At Final Resolution Morgan, Hernandez, Dinero and Suicide defeated Neal, Team 3D and Rhino in an eight-man elimination tag team match. On the February 11, 2010, episode of "Impact!" Gerdelman made his final TV appearance as Suicide, losing to Matt Morgan in an 8 Card Stud Tournament qualifying match.


title: Frankie Kazarian

text: On the February 18, 2010, episode of "Impact!", Gerdelman made his return as Kazarian, teaming up with Amazing Red and Generation Me (Jeremy Buck and Max Buck) in an eight-man tag team match, where they defeated X Division Champion Doug Williams, Brian Kendrick and the Motor City Machineguns, after Kazarian pinned Williams. The following week he defeated Kendrick to earn himself a match for the X Division Championship at Destination X. However, instead of waiting for the pay-per-view, Kazarian was given his title shot on the March 8 Monday night episode of "Impact" in a three-way match, which also included Daniels. In the end Williams was able to retain his title by pinning Daniels. At Destination X Kazarian defeated Daniels, Kendrick and Amazing Red in a four-way ladder match to earn another shot at the X Division Championship. At Lockdown Kazarian defeated Homicide and Shannon Moore in a three-way steel cage match to win the vacant TNA X Division Championship for the fourth time (counting his reign as Suicide), after Douglas Williams was stripped of the title due to being unable to attend the event. Upon Williams' return to TNA two weeks later, he refused to hand the X Division Championship belt over to Kazarian, unless he was able to defeat him for it. At Sacrifice Kazarian lost the X Division Championship to Williams without ever actually holding the physical belt.


title: Frankie Kazarian

text: On the following episode of "Impact!" Kazarian started showing signs of a heel turn, when he won an X Division battle royal to earn spot number ten in the TNA rankings for a World Title shot, impressing Ric Flair in the process. The heel turn was completed the following week, when Flair interfered in his match with Jay Lethal, which led to Kazarian scoring the roll-up victory, while grabbing a hold of his opponent's tights. After the match, Flair's other associate A.J. Styles, trying to impress his mentor, attacked Lethal, which led to an argument between him and Kazarian, who wanted to finish Lethal off himself. The distraction was enough for Lethal to dropkick both of them out of the ring. At Slammiversary VIII Kazarian lost his spot in the rankings to Kurt Angle.


title: Frankie Kazarian

text: On the following episode of "Impact!" Ric Flair, who had aligned himself with Kazarian, Styles, Desmond Wolfe, Robert Roode and James Storm, announced that he would reform the Four Horsemen under the new name , stating that each of them would have to earn their spots in the group and in order for Kazarian to earn his spot, he needed to become the Barry Windham of the group. Flair, wanting peace between Kazarian and Styles, booked them in a tag team match against Samoa Joe and Rob Terry at Victory Road. The plan seemed to work as Kazarian and Styles were victorious due to outside interference from Desmond Wolfe and in the process earned themselves spots in . On the July 22 episode of "Impact!" Kazarian helped Styles defeat Rob Terry to win the TNA Global Championship. The following week 's lineup was seemingly completed with the addition of Robert Roode and James Storm as the final two members of the group. However, on the August 12 episode of "Impact!" Douglas Williams and Matt Morgan were added to , as the stable attacked EV 2.0, a stable consisting of former Extreme Championship Wrestling performers. In the weeks leading to Bound for Glory, the stable's name was tweaked to Fortune to represent the expansion in the number of members in the group. At Bound for Glory Kazarian, Styles, Morgan, Roode and Storm were defeated in a Lethal Lockdown match by EV 2.0 members Tommy Dreamer, Raven, Rhino, Sabu and Stevie Richards. On the following episode of "Impact!" Fortune formed an alliance with Hulk Hogan's and Eric Bischoff's new stable, Immortal. The following week Kazarian was given the objective of ending Mr. Anderson's World Heavyweight title aspirations in an Ultimate X match. Though Kazarian managed to win the match, with help from Fortune, Anderson survived and thus earned himself a title match against Immortal's Jeff Hardy. The following week tensions rose between former rivals and Fortune stable mates Kazarian and Douglas Williams, when Williams claimed he had not been given a chance to spotlight his talent, after joining Fortune, while Kazarian claimed Williams had a bad attitude and dubbed himself, Styles, Roode and Storm the "Core Four" of Fortune. On the November 4 episode of "Impact!", Flair ordered Kazarian and Williams to settle their differences in the ring. Kazarian won the match between the members of Fortune, after a miscommunication between Williams and James Storm. After the match Flair made Kazarian and Williams shake hands. At Turning Point the seemingly re–united Fortune defeated EV 2.0 in a ten-man tag team match and, as a result, EV 2.0's Sabu was released from TNA. However, on the November 18 episode of "Impact!" Williams turned on Fortune and joined Matt Morgan, who had been kicked out of the group the previous month, reigniting the feud between Kazarian and Williams. This was followed by Williams scoring back–to–back pinfall victories over Kazarian, first in an eight-man elimination tag team match on the November 25 episode of "Impact!" and then in a singles match on the December 2 episode of "Impact!". On the December 23 episode of "Impact!" Kazarian defeated Jeremy Buck, Max Buck and Robbie E in a four-way match to become the number one contender to the X Division Championship, held by Jay Lethal. On January 9, 2011, at Genesis Kazarian defeated Lethal to win the X Division Championship for the fifth time.


title: Frankie Kazarian

text: On January 31 at the tapings of the February 3 episode of "Impact!", Fortune turned face by attacking Immortal, when they interfered in a TNA World Heavyweight Championship match between Mr. Anderson and Jeff Hardy. Ric Flair, who did not take part in Fortune's turn due to being out with a torn rotator cuff, returned at the February 14 tapings of the February 17 episode of "Impact!", turning on Fortune and jumping to Immortal. On March 13 at Victory Road, Kazarian successfully defended the X Division Championship in an Ultimate X match against Jeremy Buck, Max Buck and Robbie E. On April 17 at Lockdown, Kazarian, Roode, Storm and Christopher Daniels, who replaced an injured A.J. Styles, defeated Immortal representatives Ric Flair, Abyss, Bully Ray and Matt Hardy in a Lethal Lockdown match. On May 16 at the tapings of the May 19 episode of "Impact Wrestling", Kazarian lost the X Division Championship to Abyss. On June 12 at Slammiversary IX, Kazarian failed to regain the title from Abyss in a three-way match with Brian Kendrick. In September, Kazarian began feuding with Jeff Jarrett over his and his wife Karen's treatment of her newly appointed assistant, Traci Brooks. In late 2011, Fortune disbanded, after both Christopher Daniels and Bobby Roode turned on their stablemates.


title: Frankie Kazarian

text: On the January 5, 2012, episode of "Impact Wrestling", Kazarian and A.J. Styles were defeated in the finals of the Wild Card Tournament by the team of Magnus and Samoa Joe, when Kazarian abandoned Styles and left the ringside area with Christopher Daniels, turning heel in the process. Over the next few weeks it became apparent that Daniels was holding something over Kazarian, with Kazarian being reluctant to do his bidding. On February 12 at Against All Odds, Kazarian defeated Styles in a singles match. On the February 23 episode of "Impact Wrestling", Kazarian attacked Styles during his Television Championship match with Robbie E, allowing Robbie to retain the championship. On the following episode of "Impact Wrestling", Kazarian defeated Styles in a gauntlet match; had Styles been successful, Kazarian would have to explain his alliance with Daniels. On March 18 at Victory Road, Kazarian and Daniels were defeated in a tag team match by Styles and Mr. Anderson. The rivalry continued on April 15 at Lockdown, where the two duos were on opposing teams in the annual Lethal Lockdown match. Styles' and Anderson's team, led by Garett Bischoff, ended up defeating Kazarian's and Daniels' team, led by Eric Bischoff. During Styles' absence from "Impact Wrestling", Kazarian and Daniels set their sights on the TNA World Tag Team Championship, attacking champions Magnus and Samoa Joe on the April 26 episode. On the May 10 episode of "Impact Wrestling", Kazarian revealed that he originally aligned himself with Daniels to keep him from revealing Styles' secret, but changed his mind after learning what the secret was. Daniels then revealed the secret, a series of photographs insinuating a relationship between Styles and TNA president Dixie Carter. Three days later at Sacrifice, Kazarian and Daniels defeated Magnus and Samoa Joe to win the TNA World Tag Team Championship, starting Kazarian's second reign with the title. Later in the event, Kazarian and Daniels cost A.J. Styles his match with Kurt Angle, who afterwards turned on the two, saving Styles from a beatdown. On June 10 at Slammiversary, Kazarian and Daniels lost the TNA World Tag Team Championship to Styles and Angle. On the June 21 episode of "Impact Wrestling", Styles and Carter proved that Kazarian and Daniels had been lying about their relationship by producing a pregnant woman named Claire Lynch, whom they had been helping overcome her addictions. The following week, Kazarian teased dissension with Daniels, claiming that he had been lied to. However, in the main event of the evening, Kazarian revealed that he was still on Daniels' side, when the two defeated Styles and Angle, after Kazarian hit Styles with a steel chair, to regain the TNA World Tag Team Championship. Following the win, Daniels admitted that Styles and Carter had told the truth about Claire, but claimed that they had left out the part about Styles being the father of her unborn baby. The team, billed as "The World Tag Team Champions of the World", made their first televised title defense on the August 8 episode of "Impact Wrestling", defeating Devon and Garett Bischoff. Three days later at Hardcore Justice, Kazarian unsuccessfully challenged Devon for the TNA Television Championship. On the August 23 episode of "Impact Wrestling", the storyline involving Claire Lynch was concluded, when she revealed that she was not pregnant after all, while also revealing Daniels' and Kazarian's plot to blackmail Styles through her fake pregnancy. On September 6 as part of the first "Championship Thursday", Kazarian and Daniels successfully defended the TNA World Tag Team Championship against Chavo Guerrero Jr. and Hernandez. Three days later at No Surrender, Kazarian and Daniels made another successful title defense against previous champions, A.J. Styles and Kurt Angle. On October 14 at Bound for Glory, Kazarian and Daniels lost the TNA World Tag Team Championship to Chavo Guerrero Jr. and Hernandez in a three-way match, which also included A.J. Styles and Kurt Angle. Kazarian and Daniels received their rematch on November 11 at Turning Point, but were again defeated by Guerrero and Hernandez.


title: Frankie Kazarian

text: On December 9 at Final Resolution, Kazarian was defeated by James Storm in a singles match, and again on the January 3, 2013, episode of "Impact Wrestling", beginning a rivalry between the newly christened Bad Influence and Storm. On March 10 at Lockdown, Bad Influence unsuccessfully challenged Austin Aries and Bobby Roode for the TNA World Tag Team Championship in a three-way match, also involving Chavo Guerrero Jr. and Hernandez. In April, Kazarian and Daniels began teasing a Fortune reunion to battle the Aces & Eights stable, however, this plan was foiled by A.J. Styles and Bobby Roode both turning down offers to join them. Bad Influence faced Austin Aries and Bobby Roode in a number one contenders match on the May 9 episode of "Impact Wrestling", however, the match ended in a no contest after special guest referee James Storm superkicked Aries and Daniels and walked out on the match. On June 2 at Slammiversary XI, Bad Influence failed to capture the TNA World Tag Team Championship from Chavo Guerrero Jr. and Hernandez in a fatal four-way elimination match, which also included Austin Aries and Bobby Roode and was won by Gunner and James Storm. On the June 13 episode of "Impact Wrestling", Kazarian and Daniels defeated Gunner and Storm in a non-title match to qualify for the 2013 Bound for Glory Series. Kazarian would begin the BFG series by losing to the likes of Magnus and A.J. Styles. On the July 11 episode of "Impact Wrestling", Kazarian and Bobby Roode defeated Austin Aries and Christopher Daniels in a tag team match, with Kazarian pinning his Bad Influence partner for the win, to qualify for the BFG series gauntlet match later in the evening. During the match, however, Kazarian was the first man eliminated by A.J. Styles. On the August 8 episode of "Impact Wrestling", Kazarian and Daniels faced off in a BFG series match, but despite teasing tension earlier in the night, got themselves intentionally counted out to gain two points in the tournament. Afterwards, Kazarian and Daniels allied themselves with Bobby Roode to form a new force, and so that one of them would win the Bound for Glory series. The following week at "Impact Wrestling: Hardcore Justice", Kazarian defeated A.J. Styles, Austin Aries, and Jeff Hardy in a ladder match, following interference from Daniels and Roode, to capture twenty points in the BFG Series. On the August 8 "Impact Wrestling", Daniels and Kazarian faced off in a BFG series match. Despite teasing tension earlier in the night, they both intentionally got counted out to gain two points each. Afterward, they allied with Bobby Roode, in hopes it would help one of them win the tournament.


title: Frankie Kazarian

text: At the Bound for Glory (2013) pre-show, Bad Influence were defeated by the tag team of Eric Young & Joseph Park in a tag team gauntlet match to determine the number one contenders to face the TNA World Tag Team Champions, James Storm & Gunner, during the Bound For Glory PPV later that night. Following their elimination, Bad Influence attacked Park causing him to bleed from the mouth. The same night, during the PPV, Bad Influence interrupted the show to petition TNA management to place themselves into the TNA World Tag Team Championship match later that night between James Storm & Gunner and challengers The BroMans. However, before they got an answer Abyss appeared and attacked them. Over the following few weeks, Bad Influence would mock Park and try to reveal his true identity. On the November 5 edition of "Impact Wrestling", Bad Influence revealed that Park's law firm (Park, Park & Park) had closed 15 years ago and consequently Park had been lying about being a lawyer. On December 12, Bad Influence were defeated by Park & Young when Young caused his own partner to bleed resulting in Park transforming into Abyss, as a result of seeing his own blood, and gaining the victory. On December 26, Bad Influence were defeated again by Park in a Monster's Ball Handicap match. On March 2, 2014, Bad Influence were part of a group of TNA wrestlers that took part in Wrestle-1's event in Tokyo, Japan, defeating Junior Stars (Koji Kanemoto and Minoru Tanaka) in a tag team match. On March 9, 2014, at TNA Lockdown, Bad Influence along with Chris Sabin were defeated by Wrestle-1's The Great Muta, Sanada, and Yasu in a six-man interpromotional tag team steel cage match. On April 12, 2014, at TNA One Night Only's X-Travaganza 2 event Bad Influence were defeated by The Wolves (Eddie Edwards and Davey Richards) in the EC3 Invitational Ladder match where the winners received $25,000. On April 23 Daniels announced his departure from TNA thus dissolving the team. On May 11, it was reported that Kazarian had also worked the final dates of his contract with TNA.


title: Frankie Kazarian

text: While Bad Influence were in TNA, they appeared in other promotions. On January 24, 2014, Bad Influence appeared at Big Time Wrestling's Battle Royal, where they defeated The Ballard Brothers (Shane Ballard & Shannon Ballard). On April 5, Bad Influence appeared in two events. First, they defeated The Bravado Brothers (Harlem Bravado & Lancelot Bravado) at Dragon Gate USA's Mercury Rising. After, they defeated The Irish Airborne (Dave Crist and Jake Crist) at WrestleCon. On June 6, 2014, Bad Influence made their debuts in Tommy Dreamer's House of Hardcore, defeating Outlaw Inc. (Eddie Kingston and Homicide). On June 7, 2014, Bad Influence returned to House of Hardcore at HOH 5, defeating Petey Williams and Tony Nese. In November and December 2015, The Addiction took part in New Japan Pro-Wrestling's 2015 World Tag League, where they finished with a record of three wins and three losses, failing to advance from their block.


title: Frankie Kazarian

text: After his TNA contract expired on June 1, 2014, Kazarian was announced to debut in Ring of Honor. at Best in the World, Kazarian made his ROH debut, teaming with Christopher Daniels to challenge reDRagon (Bobby Fish and Kyle O'Reilly) for the ROH World Tag Team Championship in a losing effort. At Supercard of Honor IX Kazarian was defeated by Michael Elgin. On April 25, 2015, The Addiction defeated reDRagon to win the ROH World Tag Team Championship with the help from Chris Sabin. At Field of Honor Kazarian was involved in a nine-way gauntlet match for an ROH World Television Championship shot, which was won by Takaaki Watanabe. At All Star Extravaganza VII The Addiction lost the ROH World Tag Team Championship to The Kingdom in a triple threat tag team match involving The Young Bucks. At Survival of the Fittest Kazarian was involved in a Survival of the Fittest tournament match which was won by Jay Briscoe also Raymond Rowe and Rhett Titus was in the match.


title: Frankie Kazarian

text: On May 9, 2016, at War of the Worlds, The Addiction defeated War Machine to win the ROH World Tag Team Championship for the second time. At Death Before Dishonor XIV The Addiction defeated Los Ingobernables de Japón and Hiroshi Tanahashi and Michael Elgin in a Three-way Tag team match for the ROH World Tag Team Championship. On September 30 at All Star Extravaganza VIII, The Addiction lost the ROH World Tag Team Championship to The Young Bucks in a three-way ladder match, which also included The Motor City Machine Guns. Kazarian would face and was defeated by Jay Lethal and Kyle O'Reilly.


title: Frankie Kazarian

text: In early 2017, The Addiction began feuding with Bullet Club, turning face in the process. On February 11, 2017, during Ring of Honor tapings, Kazarian turned on Daniels and joined Bullet Club. On March 10 at the ROH 15th Anniversary Show Kazarian defeated Cheeseburger, Chris Sabin, Punisher Martinez, Hangman Page and Silas Young in a six-man mayhem match number one contender for the ROH World Television Championship. Later that same event, Kazarian turned on Adam Cole and Bullet Club, revealing his betrayal of Daniels to have been a ruse and helping Daniels win the ROH World Championship. On ROH TV taping Kazarian was unsuccessful at winning the ROH World Television Championship against Marty Scurll. During the match Hangman Page got involved and caused distractions and ended up hitting Kaz with a chair. After the match, Matt Sydal made his return to lay out Scurll and even the odds.


title: Frankie Kazarian

text: On the Ring of Honor Tapings, Kazarian would win the Honor Rumble last eliminated Jay Lethal. Later that night, Kazarian was unsuccessful at winning the ROH World Championship against Cody. On March 9, 2018, at ROH 16th Anniversary Show, SoCal Uncensored defeated The Hung Bucks to win the ROH World Six-Man Tag Team Championship. At War of the Worlds: Lowell, they lost the Six-Man Tag Team Title against The Kingdom.


title: Frankie Kazarian

text: On October 14, 2018, Kazarian and SoCal Uncensored teammate Scorpio Sky won a triple threat tag team match to become ROH World Tag Team Champions, marking Kazarian's third reign with those titles. At Final Battle, they lost the Tag Team title against The Briscoe Brothers in a Ladder War. The next day, SoCal Uncensored left ROH.


title: Frankie Kazarian

text: In January 2019 it was revealed that Kazarian would be one of the first signees to All Elite Wrestling, a new wrestling promotion started by wrestlers Cody Rhodes and The Young Bucks. SCU made their debut at Double or Nothing defeating Strong Hearts (CIMA, El Lindaman, and T-Hawk) in a six-man tag team match. On the October 30th 2019 episode of "AEW Dynamite", Kazarian and SoCal Uncensored teammate Scorpio Sky became the inaugural All Elite Wrestling Tag Team Champions. Kazarian and Sky would lose the Tag Team Championship to Kenny Omega and "Hangman" Adam Page at Chris Jericho's Rock 'N' Wrestling Rager at Sea Part Deux: Second Wave. Following this, SCU would start a feud with The Dark Order. On the March 18, 2020 episode of Dynamite (first show with no crowd), Kazarian and Daniels would be attacked by The Exalted One of The Dark Order, Brodie Lee. Kazarian then returned to teaming with his longtime tag team partner Christopher Daniels, as Scorpio Sky would distance himself from SCU. Kazarian would also try out singles competition for himself, facing and losing to Jon Moxley on the May 6, 2020 episode of Dynamite. On the September 30 episode of Dynamite, Kazarian and Scorpio Sky would team once again, losing to FTR for the AEW World Tag Team Championships. On December 2, 2020, at Winter is Coming, Kazarian would lose to Jericho in a singles match. At AEW Blood and Guts, Kazarian and Daniels would defeat The Varisity Blondes (Brian Pillman Jr. and Griff Garrison), The Acclaimed (Anthony Bowens and Max Caster), and Jurassic Express (Jungle Boy and Luchasaurus) to earn a shot at the AEW World Tag Team Championships. On May 14, 2021, Kazarian and Daniels would fail to defeat The Young Bucks for the titles, thus forcing the team to disband.


title: Frankie Kazarian

text: On the June 11 episode of Dynamite, Kazarian would return and attack members of The Elite, aiding Eddie Kingston, Pac, and Penta el Zero M. He would label himself as ‘The Elite Hunter’ and over the upcoming weeks he would attack members of The Elite usually when they attempted to cheat in matches. This would lead to match on Fyter Fest (Night 2), where Kazarian would lose to Elite member Doc Gallows. In 2022, Kazarian engaged in a feud with his former tag team partner Scorpio Sky over the TNT Championship, which led to Sky turning on Kazarian by hitting him with the TNT Championship belt after defeating him on the May 13, 2022 episode of "AEW Rampage". At Double or Nothing on May 29, 2022, Sky, Paige Van Zant and Ethan Page defeated Kazarian, Sammy Guevara and Tay Conti at in a six-person tag team match after Sky pinned Kazarian, with Kazarian and Guevara losing the right to further challenge Sky for the TNT Championship as a result.


title: Frankie Kazarian

text: On the July 29, 2021 episode of "Impact", Kazarian made his return to TNA, now known as Impact Wrestling, attacking The Elite (Kenny Omega, Doc Gallows, and Karl Anderson). The following week on "Impact!", Kazarian teamed with Eddie Edwards and Sami Callihan to defeat The Elite. In May 2022, he would make another appearance, wrestling Chris Sabin. Kazarian would later return at Victory Road as part of the X Division Triple Threat Revolver match to determine the number 1 contender for Mike Bailey's title at the Bound For Glory pay-per-view. Kazarian would defeat Bailey to win the X-Division Championship for the fifth time in his career. On the October 20, 2022 episode of IMPACT, Kazarian announced that he was going to invoke Option C and vacated the X Division Championship in exchange for an opportunity to wrestle Josh Alexander for the Impact World Championship, though he was defeated.


title: Frankie Kazarian

text: Gerdelman became a fan of wrestling due in large part to Hulk Hogan's role in "Rocky III" and also watching WrestleMania I. His favorite wrestler was The Ultimate Warrior, followed by Shawn Michaels, Ricky Steamboat, Tito Santana and The British Bulldogs.


title: Frankie Kazarian

text: Gerdelman married fellow professional wrestler Tracy Brookshaw on January 7, 2010. On October 18, 2012, Gerdelman and Brookshaw welcomed their first child, a son, which was confirmed in early 2013. Gerdelman is known to be a massive fan of the heavy metal band Metallica. He plays bass guitar and is in a band called VexTemper.


title: Frankie Kazarian

text: Kazarian made a cameo appearance on an episode of "The Man Show" where Jimmy Kimmel and Adam Carolla learned how to wrestle. He also appeared in the film "Backyard Dogs" in 2000 as "Snake Duggan" and was on an episode of "Distraction" with Curry Man and Samoa Joe. Kazarian was also referenced in Mike Vallely's documentary, "Mike V's Greatest Hits", in which one part of it involved the pro skater spending part of his time as a wrestler. He also made a cameo appearance in MTV's "Made" when The Motor City Machine Guns were making a Michigan choir boy into a professional wrestler.


title: Frankie Kazarian

text: He is also the bass guitarist of the band VexTemper, whose song "Get Addicted" was used as his and Christopher Daniels' entrance theme in ROH.


title: Donkey Kong 64

text: Donkey Kong 64 is a 1999 platform game developed by Rare and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo 64. It is the first 3D game in the "Donkey Kong" series. As the gorilla Donkey Kong, the player explores themed levels to collect items and rescue his kidnapped friends from King K. Rool. The player completes minigames and puzzles as five playable Kong characters—each with their own special abilities—to receive bananas and other collectibles. In a separate multiplayer mode, up to four players can compete in deathmatch and last man standing games.


title: Donkey Kong 64

text: After developing the "Donkey Kong Country" trilogy for Super Nintendo (1994–1996), Rare began working on "Donkey Kong 64" in 1997, although production restarted halfway through the three-year development cycle. A 16-person team, with many recruits from Rare's "Banjo" group, finished it in 1999. It was published by Nintendo in North America in November and worldwide in December. It was the first game to require the Nintendo 64 Expansion Pak, an accessory that added memory resources. The marketing campaign included advertisements, sweepstakes, and a national tour.


title: Donkey Kong 64

text: "Donkey Kong 64" received universal acclaim and was Nintendo's top seller during the 1999 holiday season, with 2.3 million units sold by 2004. It won the 1999 E3 Game Critics award for Best Platform Game, and multiple awards and nominations from magazines. Reviewers praised the exceptional size and length, but criticized its camera controls and emphasis on item collection and backtracking. Some cited its similarity in gameplay and visuals to Rare's 1998 predecessor, "Banjo-Kazooie" (1998). Critics said it did not match the revolutionary impact of "Donkey Kong Country", but was still among the Nintendo 64's best 3D platform games.


title: Donkey Kong 64

text: "Donkey Kong 64" was Rare's final "Donkey Kong" game prior to its acquisition by Microsoft in 2002. Retrospective reviews of "Donkey Kong 64" were mixed; critics considered it emblematic of the tedium in Rare's "collect-a-thon" adventure platformers. "Donkey Kong 64" was rereleased on Nintendo's Wii U Virtual Console in 2015.


title: Donkey Kong 64

text: "Donkey Kong 64" is a 3D platforming adventure game in which the player, as Donkey Kong and his friends, explores an island and collects items to progress through minigames and puzzles. The game follows a traditional storyline for the series: King K. Rool and his reptilian Kremlings invade the idyllic DK Isle and kidnap Donkey Kong's friends, planning to power up their Blast-O-Matic weapon and destroy the island. After a tutorial, the player embarks as Donkey Kong to rescue the others from their kidnappers and stop K. Rool's plan. While exploring the in-game world and completing puzzle minigames, the player collects two types of bananas: normal bananas, which are colored differently for each Kong character, award the player with banana medals and can be traded for access to each world's boss fight; and golden bananas, a certain number of which are required to unlock each new in-game world. Of 3,821 total collectible items, 1,961 (including hundreds of regular bananas) are required to complete the game.


title: Donkey Kong 64

text: Most of the puzzles are simple and involve rearranging items, manipulating switches and tiles, or matching items as in the game Concentration. Minigames include races, minecart rides, and barrels that shoot the characters as projectiles. There are five such golden banana-rewarding objectives for each of five playable characters across seven themed worlds200 goals in total, in addition to a connecting overworld. The worlds' themes include underwater, forest, jungle, and industry. Unlike in prior "Donkey Kong" games, the objectives can be completed in any order. The player can fast travel between sections of the level with designated warp pads and can swap between characters in designated swap barrels. The player collects banana coins, which can be spent to unlock new weapons and abilities, and other collectibles such as weapon ammunition and blueprint puzzle pieces. As in other Rare games, the player often encounters an impasse such as an indestructible object or out-of-reach area, and must acquire a new ability with which to eventually backtrack and resolve it.


title: Donkey Kong 64

text: Donkey Kong's kidnapped friends become playable characters after being rescued. Each of the five characters begin with basic abilities and can purchase additional, unique abilities from Cranky Kong as the game progresses, which are necessary to solve certain puzzles. For example, Donkey Kong can operate levers, Chunky Kong can lift rocks, Tiny Kong can crawl through holes, Diddy Kong can fly, and Lanky Kong can float. The characters each use unique projectiles and musical instruments. For example, some doors can be opened only with Donkey Kong's coconut projectiles and others can be opened only with Diddy Kong's guitar. There are more special abilities than face buttons on the controller, so button combinations are needed to trigger some abilities. Combinations also trigger special modes, including alternative camera angles, a sniper mode, and a snapshot mode which unlocks more in-game secrets. Playable versions of the original "Donkey Kong" (1981) and "Jetpac" (1983) are hidden within the game, and playing through them is required to finish the story. The player-character can also transform into animals, such as Rambi the Rhino and Enguarde the Swordfish, who recur from earlier series games. Optional hardware support includes a widescreen mode and Rumble Pak compatibility.


title: Donkey Kong 64

text: A separate multiplayer mode has six minigames for two to four players. Monkey Smash is an open arena, deathmatch-style minigame in which up to four players find ammo and use their respective projectile weapons from the single-player game to damage other players before losing all their own lives. Battle Arena is a king-of-the-hill minigame in which players use weapons and explosives to knock each other off the edge of a platform. Each mode has several sub-types in which players can compete based on time or score.


title: Donkey Kong 64

text: Following its success with the "Donkey Kong Country" games in the mid-1990s, developer Rare built its next "Donkey Kong" game on its predecessors' gameplay but not as a direct sequel. Rare's Gregg Mayles led the effort to create "Donkey Kong 64". Development began in 1997—shortly after the completion of "" (1996)— intended for release on the Nintendo 64's 64DD floppy disk drive add-on. It was transitioned to cartridge after the 64DD was delayed and eventually canceled. A team of 16 people worked on the game across three years, and an additional eight members assisted in its later stages. Many developers transitioned from Rare's "Banjo" team, which had worked on "Banjo-Kazooie" (1998) and "Banjo-Tooie" (2000). "Donkey Kong 64" was built atop the "Banjo" game engine.


title: Donkey Kong 64

text: Rare conceived and originally designed "Donkey Kong 64" as a traditional, linear platform game similar to the "Donkey Kong Country" games. The Nintendo 64 was still new, and at the time Rare did not have a common game engine. The linear version was developed for around 18 months, and was eliminated in favor of what would be the released product.


title: Donkey Kong 64

text: Lead artist Mark Stevenson described animating and modeling the characters for "Donkey Kong 64" as starting from nothing. In the "Donkey Kong Country" series, the characters and environments had been pre-rendered and modeled with NURB surfaces using PowerAnimator, but "Donkey Kong 64"s, real-time 3D graphics can only use polygons. Thus, the team used a new tool, Gamegen. However, the pre-rendered models were used as reference for the polygon models and textures, such as for the interior of the Kongs' mouths.


title: Donkey Kong 64

text: Though real-time graphics prevented Rare from reproducing the detailed pre-rendered graphics of the "Donkey Kong Country" series, they allowed the company to make characters more expressive. Producing satisfactory character models proved to be a challenge; lead artist Mark Stevenson noted that "[b]eing able to see this character from any angle, you'd make an animation, put it in the game, and you'd think it looked good side-on, but awful from every other angle!" Stevenson also noted that because 3D video gaming was in its infancy, the "Donkey Kong 64" models were always going to look worse than the pre-rendered "Donkey Kong Country" ones.


title: Donkey Kong 64

text: The strong emphasis on collectibles was a design choice made at the request of Rare co-founder Tim Stamper to distinguish "Donkey Kong 64" from "Banjo-Kazooie". According to director George Andreas, "I'd always go back to him and say 'Here's some' and he'd go 'No, more things'". Retrospectively, Andreas commented that he should have reined himself in, because he would have liked to unify the color-coded banana system, among other things. Rare also attempted to differentiate "Donkey Kong 64" from "Banjo-Kazooie" through its variety of playable characters, cinematic set-pieces, and bombastic boss battles. According to Andreas, Donkey Kong creator Shigeru Miyamoto was appalled when he saw Donkey Kong shoot a realistic shotgun used as a placeholder during a prerelease demonstration, and quickly sketched the coconut gun used in the final game. A removed feature, "Stop 'N' Swop", would have allowed data to be transferred from "Banjo-Kazooie" to "Donkey Kong 64" to unlock in-game bonuses.


title: Donkey Kong 64

text: "Donkey Kong 64" is the first of two games to require the Nintendo 64's Expansion Pak, a console RAM upgrade bundled with the game. The Expansion Pak was used in previous games to power optional higher-resolution graphics, but in the case of "Donkey Kong 64", it was marketed as improving the frame rate and rendering of objects at a distance. According to a 2013 Nintendo Life interview with programmer Chris Marlow, Rare could not resolve a bug that occurred without the Expansion Pak and thus they were forced, at great expense, to bundle the game with the memory upgrade. However, in a 2019 Nintendo Life interview Stevenson called Marlow's story a "myth" and said that the Expansion Pak was required early in development. Though such a bug did exist toward the end of development, according to Stevenson, the Expansion Pak was not the solution for the problem and it was not introduced for that reason. Stevenson also said that the Expansion Pak was used for the dynamic lighting system. Nintendo said that the choice to bundle, rather than selling the accessory separately, would avoid consumer confusion.


title: Donkey Kong 64

text: Grant Kirkhope composed the soundtrack, bringing it closer to the tradition of "Banjo-Kazooie" than to that of David Wise's "Donkey Kong Country" soundtracks. However, Kirkhope commented that he tried to retain the darker, atmospheric tone that Wise brought to "Donkey Kong Country", and included a remix of Wise's "Jungle Japes". "Donkey Kong Country 3" composer Eveline Fischer was originally assigned to "Donkey Kong 64"; Kirkhope became involved after he was asked for assistance, and he provided Donkey Kong's voice. The "DK Rap", which introduces the Kong character abilities, was conceived and written by George Andreas, scored and recorded by Kirkhope, and performed by Andreas and Chris Sutherland. It was intended to be a lighthearted joke despite being interpreted as a "serious" songwriting attempt. Nintendo of America ran a "DK Rap" contest in which fans record their own version of the rap to win prizes including a trip to its headquarters.


title: Donkey Kong 64

text: Rare announced "Donkey Kong 64" with a single screenshot on its website and coverage in the January 1999 issue of "Nintendo Power". "Electronic Gaming Monthly" wrote that it was playable by the 1997 Electronic Entertainment Expo, though "IGN" said that it debuted at the 1999 event. It was also demonstrated at Nintendo's 1999 trade show Spaceworld. "Donkey Kong 64" was expected to be a bestseller, as the console's "crowning achievement" in graphics and sound.


title: Donkey Kong 64

text: "Donkey Kong 64"s sizable marketing campaign doubled the typical budget for a major Nintendo release. The campaign included a 60-second commercial played at over 10,000 movie theaters during the holiday season, and additional advertisements via billboards, print, and radio. A promotional "The Beast Is Back" tour brought a truck outfitted with Nintendo games across the United States, and a separate sweepstakes between the series and Dr. Pepper was advertised in supermarkets. Nintendo projected sales of copies within one year, and later that year increased the number to 4 million copies ( more than for ""), including of the translucent green Nintendo 64 bundles. Polled retailers expected "Donkey Kong 64" to be the top console game sold during the 1999 holiday season. It had little holiday season competition from Nintendo, as Nintendo had moved releases including "Mario Party 2", "Perfect Dark", and "Pokémon Stadium" into the next year.


title: Donkey Kong 64

text: Rare and Nintendo released "Donkey Kong 64" in North America in November 1999, and a worldwide release followed the next month. Nintendo offered a special bundle of the game and console, including a banana yellow-colored game cartridge, its required Expansion Pak, and a transparent green "Jolly Rancher-style" Nintendo 64 console.


title: Donkey Kong 64

text: In April 2015, "Donkey Kong 64" was digitally rereleased as one of the first Nintendo 64 games added to Nintendo's Wii U Virtual Console catalog. This was the game's first rerelease, as it had not appeared on the Wii Virtual Console. It is unknown why it was never released on the Wii Virtual Console, though "Nintendo World Report" speculated that it may have been related to the fact that it contains both the original arcade "Donkey Kong" (which was already available on the Virtual Console) and "Jetpac" (which Nintendo does not hold the rights to) as playable bonuses.


title: Donkey Kong 64

text: "Donkey Kong 64" received critical acclaim"universal acclaim", according to video game review aggregator Metacritic. It became the Nintendo 64's top seller during the 1999 holiday season and Nintendo's chief defense against competitor Sega's introduction of its Dreamcast console. As a bestseller, "Donkey Kong 64" joined Nintendo's "Player's Choice" game selection, where high sales continued through the next holiday season. By 2004, more than 2.3 million units had been sold in North America. It won the 1999 E3 Game Critics award for Best Platform Game, and several annual awards from "Nintendo Power", including best overall game of 1999. It was additionally nominated for "Game of the Year" and "Console Game of the Year" during the 3rd Annual AIAS Interactive Achievement Awards (now known as the D.I.C.E. Awards). "GamePro" named it an "Editor's Choice". "IGN" described "Donkey Kong 64" as the biggest and most ambitious Nintendo 64 game as of its release, but very similar to "Banjo-Kazooie" in its platforming and puzzle design. Similarities between the two games was a common refrain. Overall, reviewers were more impressed by its visuals than by its other elements, such as gameplay.


title: Donkey Kong 64

text: Reviewers criticized the emphasis on collecting items and backtracking"an interactive egg hunt". This had become a trend in Rare's games, and "Donkey Kong 64" followed the "predictable formula" of making players collect multiple sets of items and in full for a special ending. "Next Generation" noted Rare's propensity for backtracking. "GameSpot" more diplomatically assumed that players who liked collecting items would be titillated by its replay value, and those who did not would be frustrated by its chores. "The Cincinnati Enquirer" applauded the minigames as a "welcome diversion [which] add to the fun of an already massive adventure", and which are so good they would have worked as their own released games on previous-generation consoles. "EGM" said the puzzles and minigames are fun the first time through, but they quickly become worn when replayed with increasingly tighter time restrictions. "GameSpot", however, considered parts of "Donkey Kong 64"s gameplay "cerebral", requiring the consideration of several simultaneous tasks to solve later puzzles. Already familiar with concepts borrowed from "Super Mario 64", "Ocarina of Time", and "Banjo-Kazooie", critics considered the player's tasks less innovative or interesting to decipher. In retrospective reviews, "Nintendo Life" described the chore of collecting objects "excessive" and repetitive. They suggested that backtracking, for instance, could be reduced by letting the player switch between characters at any time.


title: Donkey Kong 64

text: The size and length were frequently noted. With an estimated 30 hours in basic gameplay, "IGN" called it Rare's "War and Peace". "GameFan" wrote that "big" is an understatement, and "the adventure found within is mastodonic". Writers from "AllGame" and "EGM" became frequently lost or distracted in its world. The ingenuity of the boss battles, particularly the final battle against K. Rool, was highlighted, although the story's ending disappointed "EGM". Reviewers found little entertainment in the multiplayer mode but praised the gameplay variety between the five characters. The controls also frustrated reviewers, between slow movement speed and camera angle issues. For example, characters who become unresponsive during their attack animations are vulnerable to encroaching enemies. "Edge" wrote that the lack of camera improvements over "Banjo-Kazooie" was inexcusable.


title: Donkey Kong 64

text: Even with the RAM expansion for graphics, "Donkey Kong 64"s visuals were only found marginallyif at allbetter than that of its contemporary games, such as the previous year's "Banjo-Kazooie". "IGN" avowed that "Donkey Kong 64" was not as pretty as "Banjo-Kazooie", especially in its water and backgrounds, though it still ranked among the console's prettiest games because the setting is barren and nondescript at first, and only later introduces lighting effects and richer textures. "IGN" hoped for more from Rare, praising the particle effects (such as in the desert wind), but considering its dynamic lighting overused. "N64 Magazine" said the enhanced effects were most often used for decoration, though they also played some role in puzzles based on illuminating paths. Graphical difficulties were reported even with the extra memory, such as frame rate slowdowns and distant features not appearing in any detail, though overall they commended the graphical flourishes. "GameSpot" also saw a lack of variety in the environment.


title: Donkey Kong 64

text: The characters were praised for their personalities, animations, and portrayal of Rare's signature humor. Several reviewers noted the personalities shown in character animations. "IGN" considered the characters less baffling than those of other Rare games, and sometimes funny. "GameFan" found that the addition of the three new playable characters to the series offered little personality that would be missed.


title: Donkey Kong 64

text: "IGN" said that the music was less clever than "Banjo-Kazooie"s, but Kirkhope's soundtrack still delivered a variety of moods and fit the setting. Aural clues in the surround sound and the quality of the underwater effects impressed "GameSpot". Reviewers criticized the opening "DK Rap" as "embarrassing" and among the worst video game music. "GamePro" said it was humorous but lowbrow. Eight years later, "Nintendo Life" said the song was "loved by some, loathed by others", similar to the game itself.


title: Donkey Kong 64

text: The consensus was that "Donkey Kong 64" lacked the revolutionary potential of "Donkey Kong Country" but was of a sufficient high quality to sell well during the holiday season. "The Cincinnati Enquirer" described its platform style as coupled with many others, such as "Super Mario 64", "Banjo-Kazooie", and "Jet Force Gemini" (1999): "Replace the story line, the graphics and a couple of gameplay elements and you basically have the same game". Nonetheless, he said "its mastering of elements that have been done to death may be just the spark needed" to evolve the genre in games released in later years, celebrating its gameplay as addictive and some of the best on the Nintendo 64. Though hyped fans would be disappointed, "IGN" said that "Donkey Kong 64" remains an excellent and expansive platformer with an overwhelming amount of things to do. "GameFan", on the other hand, was most disappointed by how it "truly offers nothing new" and compared its monotony and repetition with the film "Eyes Wide Shut": "a big bloated project with not enough brilliant moments to justify the numbness... [of] sitting through the whole thing", it "fails to live up to the Rare name". "Donkey Kong 64"s 3D platforming was commonplace by the time of its release and, according to "GameSpot", would have fared better as a Nintendo 64 launch game. With its competition considered, "Daily Radar" wrote that "Donkey Kong 64" was simply the best 3D platform game on the console. "Edge" qualified this thought: "Donkey Kong 64" was the closest any third-party developer had come to outdoing Nintendo's mastery of game structure and was "a fine effort... in its own right", but its gameplay was derivative and unimaginative compared to the freedom and flexibility of Nintendo's "Super Mario 64".


title: Donkey Kong 64

text: In a retrospective review, "Nintendo Life" found the Wii U controller an easy substitute for the Nintendo 64's controls.


title: Donkey Kong 64

text: Rare's 3D platformers became notorious for their emphasis on collecting items, and "Kotaku" remembered "Donkey Kong 64" as "the worst offender" with hundreds of color-coded bananas. Other retrospective reviewers agreed. "Electronic Gaming Monthly" wrote: "As... "Super Mario 64" breathed life into the 3D platforming genre, "Donkey Kong 64" sucked it all out" and solidified Rare's reputation for making "collect-a-thon" games. The indie developer behind "A Hat in Time", a spiritual successor to "Banjo-Kazooie", blamed "Donkey Kong 64" for the "collect-a-thon platform adventurer" genre's decline in popularity.


title: Donkey Kong 64

text: "Retro Gamer" and "Game Informer" both remembered the reception as "mixed", in consideration of its similarities with "Banjo-Kazooie" and lack of genre-pushing changes. Though decently reviewed, this and Rare's subsequent Nintendo 64 releases did not meet the extolment of the company's preceding games, and lackluster sales led to a staff exodus that culminated with the company's acquisition by Microsoft in 2002. "Donkey Kong 64" was resultingly Rare's final "Donkey Kong" game; the series did not receive another major installment until "Donkey Kong Jungle Beat" (2004) five years later. "Electronic Gaming Monthly" noted at the game's launch, that the Nintendo 64 was approaching the end of its lifecycle, as gamers turned their sights to the Sega Dreamcast and Sony PlayStation 2. "IGN" later named "Donkey Kong 64" as worthy of a remake for the Nintendo 3DS handheld console. In 2009, "Official Nintendo Magazine" placed the game 89th in a list of the best Nintendo games, calling it "a forgotten classic".


title: Donkey Kong 64

text: The "DK Rap" is still remembered for its negative reception, but an upswing in popularity happened more than a decade after release as an Internet meme. Sutherland believes this happened because those who played the game as children had realized the song was meant to be taken as a joke, not a serious songwriting attempt. Similarly, Kirkhope commented that "it's a bit like ABBA, the way they've kind of come back into fashion over the years". Renditions of the "DK Rap" appeared in "Super Smash Bros. Melee" (2001) and "Donkey Konga" (2003). In 2017, Kirkhope composed a similar rap for "Yooka-Laylee", a platform game made in homage to Rare's works.


title: Peritoneal dialysis

text: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a type of dialysis which uses the peritoneum in a person's abdomen as the membrane through which fluid and dissolved substances are exchanged with the blood. It is used to remove excess fluid, correct electrolyte problems, and remove toxins in those with kidney failure. Peritoneal dialysis has better outcomes than hemodialysis during the first couple of years. Other benefits include greater flexibility and better tolerability in those with significant heart disease.


title: Peritoneal dialysis

text: Complications may include infections within the abdomen, hernias, high blood sugar, bleeding in the abdomen, and blockage of the catheter. Use is not possible in those with significant prior abdominal surgery or inflammatory bowel disease. It requires some degree of technical skill to be done properly.


title: Peritoneal dialysis

text: In peritoneal dialysis, a specific solution is introduced through a permanent tube in the lower abdomen and then removed. This may either occur at regular intervals throughout the day, known as continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), or at night with the assistance of a machine, known as automated peritoneal dialysis (APD). The solution is typically made of sodium chloride, bicarbonate, and an osmotic agent such as glucose.


title: Peritoneal dialysis

text: The solution used for peritoneal dialysis is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. As of 2009, peritoneal dialysis was available in 12 out of 53 African countries.


title: Peritoneal dialysis

text: Peritoneal dialysis is a method of renal replacement therapy for needing maintenance therapy for late stage chronic kidney disease. This is an alternative to the most common method hemodialysis.


title: Peritoneal dialysis

text: A common cause of peritonitis is touch contamination, e.g. insertion of catheter by un-sanitized hands, which potentially introduces bacteria to the abdomen; other causes include catheter complication, transplantation of bowel bacteria, and systemic infections. Most common type of PD-peritonitis infection (80%) are from bacterial sources. Infection rates are highly variable by region and within centers with estimated rates between 0.06 - 1.66 episodes per patient year. With recent technical advances peritonitis incidence has decreased overtime.


title: Peritoneal dialysis

text: There is not sufficient evidence to be clear about the best treatment for PD-associated peritonitis, although direct infusion of antibiotics into the peritoneum appears to offer slight advantage over the intravenous route of administration; there is no clear advantage for other frequently used treatments such as routine peritoneal lavage or use of urokinase. The use of preventative nasal mupirocin is of unclear effect with respect to peritonitis. Of the three types of connection and fluid exchange systems (standard, twin-bag and y-set; the latter two involving two bags and only one connection to the catheter, the y-set uses a single y-shaped connection between the bags involving emptying, flushing out then filling the peritoneum through the same connection) the twin-bag and y-set systems were found superior to conventional systems at preventing peritonitis.


title: Peritoneal dialysis

text: The fluid used for dialysis uses glucose as a primary osmotic agent, but this may lead to peritonitis, the decline of kidney and peritoneal membrane function and other negative health outcomes. The acidity, high concentration and presence of lactate and products of the degradation of glucose in the solution (particularly the latter) may contribute to these health issues. Solutions that are neutral, use bicarbonate instead of lactate and have few glucose degradation products may offer more health benefits though this has not yet been studied.


title: Peritoneal dialysis

text: The volume of dialysate removed as well as patient's weight are monitored. If more than 500ml of fluid are retained or a liter of fluid is lost across three consecutive treatments, the patient's physician is generally notified . Excessive loss of fluid can result in hypovolemic shock or hypotension while excessive fluid retention can result in hypertension and edema. Also monitored is the color of the fluid removed: normally it is pink-tinged for the initial four cycles and clear or pale yellow afterward. The presence of pink or bloody effluent suggests bleeding inside the abdomen while feces indicates a perforated bowel and cloudy fluid suggests infection. The patient may also experience pain or discomfort if the dialysate is too acidic, too cold or introduced too quickly, while diffuse pain with cloudy discharge may indicate an infection. Severe pain in the rectum or perineum can be the result of an improperly placed catheter. The dwell can also increase pressure on the diaphragm causing impaired breathing, and constipation can interfere with the ability of fluid to flow through the catheter.


title: Peritoneal dialysis

text: Long term use of PD is associated with fibrosis of the peritoneum. A potentially fatal complication estimated to occur in roughly 2.5% of patients is encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis, in which the bowels become obstructed due to the growth of a thick layer of fibrin within the peritoneum.


title: Peritoneal dialysis

text: Other complications include low back pain and hernia or leaking fluid due to high pressure within the abdomen. Hypertriglyceridemia and obesity are also concerns due to the large volume of glucose in the fluid, which can add 500-1200 calories to the diet per day.


title: Peritoneal dialysis

text: Best practices for peritoneal dialysis state that before peritoneal dialysis should be implemented, the person's understanding of the process and support systems should be assessed, with education on how to care for the catheter and to address any gaps in understanding that may exist. The person should receive ongoing monitoring to ensure adequate dialysis, and be regularly assessed for complications. Finally, they should be educated on the importance of infection control and an appropriate medical regimen established with their cooperation.


title: Peritoneal dialysis

text: The abdomen is cleaned in preparation for surgery and a catheter is surgically inserted with one end in the abdomen and the other protruding from the skin. Before each infusion the catheter must be cleaned, and flow into and out of the abdomen tested. 2-3 liters of dialysis fluid is introduced into the abdomen over the next ten to fifteen minutes. The total volume is referred to as a "dwell" while the fluid itself is referred to as dialysate. The dwell can be as much as 3 liters, and medication can also be added to the fluid immediately before infusion. The dwell remains in the abdomen and waste products diffuse across the peritoneum from the underlying blood vessels. After a variable period of time depending on the treatment (usually 4–6 hours ), the fluid is removed and replaced with fresh fluid. This can occur automatically while the patient is sleeping (automated peritoneal dialysis, APD), or during the day by keeping two litres of fluid in the abdomen at all times, exchanging the fluids four to six times per day (continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, CAPD).


title: Peritoneal dialysis

text: The fluid used typically contains sodium chloride, lactate or bicarbonate and a high percentage of glucose to ensure hyperosmolarity. The amount of dialysis that occurs depends on the volume of the dwell, the regularity of the exchange and the concentration of the fluid. APD cycles between 3 and 10 dwells per night, while CAPD involves four dwells per day of 2-3 liters per dwell, with each remaining in the abdomen for 4–8 hours. The viscera accounts for roughly four-fifths of the total surface area of the membrane, but the parietal peritoneum is the most important of the two portions for PD. Two complementary models explain dialysis across the membrane - the three-pore model (in which molecules are exchanged across membranes which sieve molecules, either proteins, electrolytes or water, based on the size of the pores) and the distributed model (which emphasizes the role of capillaries and the solution's ability to increase the number of active capillaries involved in PD). The high concentration of glucose drives the filtration of fluid by osmosis (osmotic UF) from the peritoneal capillaries to the peritoneal cavity. Glucose diffuses rather rapidly from the dialysate to the blood (capillaries). After 4-6 h of the dwell, the glucose osmotic gradient usually becomes too low to allow for further osmotic UF. Therefore, the dialysate will now be reabsorbed from the peritoneal cavity to the capillaries by means of the plasma colloid osmotic pressure, which exceeds the colloid osmotic pressure in the peritoneum by approximately 18-20 mmHg (cf. the Starling mechanism). Lymphatic absorption will also to some extent contribute to the reabsorption of fluid from the peritoneal cavity to the plasma. Patients with a high water permeability (UF-coefficient) of the peritoneal membrane can have an increased reabsorption rate of fluid from the peritoneum by the end of the dwell. The ability to exchange small solutes and fluid in-between the peritoneum and the plasma can be classified as high (fast), low (slow) or intermediate. High transporters tend to diffuse substances well (easily exchanging small molecules between blood and the dialysis fluid, with somewhat improved results with frequent, short-duration dwells such as with APD), while low transporters have a higher UF (due to the slower reabsorption of glucose from the peritoneal cavity, which results in somewhat better results with long-term, high-volume dwells), though in practice either type of transporter can generally be managed through the appropriate use of either APD or CAPD.


title: Peritoneal dialysis

text: Though there are several different shapes and sizes of catheters that can be used, different insertion sites, number of cuffs in the catheter and immobilization, there is no evidence to show any advantages in terms of morbidity, mortality or number of infections, though the quality of information is not yet sufficient to allow for firm conclusions.


title: Peritoneal dialysis

text: A peritoneal equilibration test may be done to assess a person for peritoneal dialysis by determining the characteristics of the peritoneal membrane mass transport characteristics.


title: Peritoneal dialysis

text: Peritoneal dialysis can be improvised in conditions such as combat surgery or disaster relief using surgical catheters and dialysate made from routinely available medical solutions to provide temporary renal replacement for people with no other options.


title: Peritoneal dialysis

text: As of 2017, hemodialysis is the most widely available renal replacement modality found in 96% of countries whereas peritoneal dialysis (PD) is only available in 75% of countries. In 2016, the proportion of people receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD) was estimated at 11% with wide differences between different countries and regions. In Hong Kong and Mexico, PD is more common than the world average, with Mexico conducting most of its dialysis through PD, while Japan and Germany have rates lower than the world average. Peritoneal dialysis first models, patients requiring renal replacement therapy are placed on PD first, and financial incentives for using PD are associated with increase uptake of PD in multiple countries.


title: Peritoneal dialysis

text: Hong Kong has the highest rate of PD use worldwide at 71.9% in 2014, while in Mainland China had 20% in 2014, 23% in Thailand during 2012, and 10-20% in Vietnam during 2011. Hong Kong had a PD-first model since 1985, Thailand began a PD-first model since 2008 which increased their levels of PD from <10%.


title: Peritoneal dialysis

text: Prevalence in of PD use was 9.7% in USA during 2013 and 16.3% in Canada during 2013. The lower PD rates in the USA are due to higher availability of large corporate owned hemodialysis centers. There have been recent increase in PD uptake in the USA due to changes to medicare reimbursement such as bundled payment for dialysis this incentivizes use of PD which is a less costly modality for dialysis.


title: Peritoneal dialysis

text: Overall, prevalence of PD use is 24.6% in Latin America during 2011. Within Latin America, hemodialysis has a higher growth rate in use compared to PD between 1994 - 2010. In 2010, the most prevalent use of PD were in Mexico 55.9% and El Salvador 67.6%. Between 2000 - 2010, Columbia's PD rate dropped from 54% to 31.3%.


title: Peritoneal dialysis

text: Peritoneal dialysis was first carried out in the 1920s; however, long term use did not come into medical practice until the 1960s. The timeline was


title: Peritoneal dialysis

text: Compared to hemodialysis, PD allows greater patient mobility, produces fewer swings in symptoms due to its continuous nature, and phosphate compounds are better removed, but large amounts of albumin are removed which requires constant monitoring of nutritional status. The costs of PD are generally lower than those of HD in most parts of the world, this cost advantage is most apparent in developed economies. There is insufficient research to adequately compare the risks and benefits between CAPD and APD; a Cochrane Review of three small clinical trials found no difference in clinically important outcomes (i.e. morbidity or mortality) for patients with end stage renal disease, nor was there any advantage in preserving the functionality of the kidneys. The results suggested APD may have psychosocial advantages for younger patients and those who are employed or pursuing an education.


title: Peritoneal dialysis

text: PD may also be used for patients with cardiac instability as it does not result in rapid and significant alterations to body fluids, and for patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus due to the inability to control blood sugar levels through the catheter.


title: Peritoneal dialysis

text: The cost of dialysis treatment is related to how wealthy the country is. In the United States peritoneal dialysis costs the government about $53,400 per person per year.


title: Trevor Siemian

text: Trevor John Siemian (born December 26, 1991) is an American football quarterback for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Northwestern and was drafted by the Denver Broncos in the seventh round of the 2015 NFL Draft. Siemian was a part of the 2015 Broncos team that won Super Bowl 50. He has also played for the Minnesota Vikings, New York Jets, Tennessee Titans, and New Orleans Saints.


title: Trevor Siemian

text: Siemian was born on December 26, 1991, in Danbury, Connecticut, to Walter and Colleen Siemian. Siemian attended Olympia High School in Orlando, Florida. On the football team, he threw for an Orange County record of 6,144 career yards and 53 touchdowns as quarterback for three seasons with the Titans. He was also an outstanding baseball shortstop, third baseman, and outfielder, and was voted Mr. Olympia by his classmates during his senior year.


title: Trevor Siemian

text: After achieving a 3.9 GPA and making the National Honor Society, Siemian chose to attend Northwestern University.


title: Trevor Siemian

text: At Northwestern University, Siemian majored in Communication Studies and was awarded Academic All-Big Ten honors in 2013 and 2014. He redshirted during his freshman year of college in 2010.


title: Trevor Siemian

text: In 2011, Siemian was a backup quarterback to main starter Dan Persa. He played in eight games, the first against Eastern Illinois. He completed 16 of 26 passes for 256 yards and three touchdowns for the year.


title: Trevor Siemian

text: In the 2012 season, Siemian earned a majority of the quarterback reps while Kain Colter saw occasional playing time. In the season-opener against Syracuse, Siemian led the team on a 75-yard game-winning drive after being down by six with 2:40 to play. Against Vanderbilt, he led back-to-back go-ahead drives in the fourth quarter, including a key 34-yard completion on a third-and-15 play. He made his first career start in a game against Indiana, throwing for 308 yards on 22-of-32 passing in a 44–29 win. He led #21 Northwestern to a 34-20 TaxSlayer.com Gator Bowl victory versus Mississippi State, where he led two touchdown drives and scored his first career rushing touchdown.


title: Trevor Siemian

text: In 2013, Siemian played in all 12 games and made his second and third career starts, while playing behind "wildcat" quarterback Kain Colter. Against Illinois, he passed for 414 yards, which was the 10th-highest total by a Northwestern quarterback. He threw a career-high 46 times versus Minnesota, completing 25. Against Ohio State, he made a career-long pass of 67 yards. Facing Syracuse, he threw a career-high three touchdown passes. Against California, he rushed for a career-high 21 yards. The Wildcats finished with a 5–7 record and missed out on a bowl game. For the year, he threw for 2,149 yards and 11 touchdowns. He ranked sixth in the Big Ten for completion percentage (59.7), seventh for yards per completion (12.07), and ninth in total offense (181.8).


title: Trevor Siemian

text: In 2014, Siemian started the first 11 games before having a season-ending knee injury (torn anterior cruciate ligament) at Purdue on November 22. Versus Notre Dame, he passed for a season-high 284 yards and ran for a career-high 32 yards in a 43–40 overtime win. Against both Michigan and Minnesota, he posted a career high in completions (32). Facing Penn State, he ran for a career-high three touchdowns. Against California, he threw a 54-yard touchdown and caught a 17-yard touchdown pass. The Wildcats once again finished with a 5–7 record and missed out on a bowl game. For the year, he rushed for five touchdowns and passed for 2,214 yards. The latter ranks him just outside of the top 10 in Northwestern single-season history.


title: Trevor Siemian

text: Even though he started only 14 career games, Siemian completed college ranked fourth all-time at Northwestern in career passing yardage (5,931), fourth in completions (550), sixth in offensive yards (5,908), and seventh in passing touchdowns (27).


title: Trevor Siemian

text: Siemian was rated the 22nd best quarterback in the 2015 NFL Draft by NFLDraftScout.com. Anticipating that he would not be drafted, Siemian lined up a job in Chicago for a career in commercial real estate. However, he was drafted in the 7th round with the 250th pick (overall) of the 2015 NFL Draft by the Denver Broncos. He was the seventh and final quarterback to be taken in the draft.


title: Trevor Siemian

text: Siemian made his NFL debut against the Pittsburgh Steelers on December 20, 2015, taking a knee to close out the first half. On February 7, 2016, Siemian was part of the Broncos team that won Super Bowl 50 over the Carolina Panthers by a score of 24–10. He was inactive for the game.


title: Trevor Siemian

text: In 2016, with Peyton Manning retiring and Brock Osweiler signing with the Houston Texans, it opened up a competition for the Broncos starting quarterback job between Siemian, veteran Mark Sanchez, and rookie Paxton Lynch. On August 29, Broncos head coach Gary Kubiak named Siemian the starting quarterback for the 2016 season.


title: Trevor Siemian

text: Against the Carolina Panthers in the 2016 regular season opener and Super Bowl 50 rematch, Siemian completed 18-of-26 passes for 178 yards, one touchdown, and two interceptions in his first NFL start and 21–20 victory. He was the first quarterback in NFL history to start the season opener for the defending Super Bowl champion without having thrown an NFL pass. He was the first Northwestern quarterback since Randy Dean in 1979 to start an NFL game.


title: Trevor Siemian

text: The following week, Siemian threw for 266 yards in a 34–20 win over the Indianapolis Colts; 215 of those yards came in the first half.


title: Trevor Siemian

text: On September 25, 2016, Siemian became the first quarterback in NFL history to throw 300 yards and complete 4 touchdowns with no interceptions in his first career road start in a 29–17 win over the Cincinnati Bengals. His 132.1 quarterback rating was the highest achieved in the league that week. He was named the AFC Offensive Player of the Week for his performance against the Bengals.


title: Trevor Siemian

text: During Week 12 in a "Sunday Night Football" game against the Kansas City Chiefs, Siemian threw three touchdowns with no interceptions on 20-of-34 passing for 368 yards. Although the Broncos ultimately lost 30-27 in overtime, he achieved a quarterback rating of 125.6, the second-best of his career to date when playing in the majority of a game.


title: Trevor Siemian

text: From Weeks 8 to 14, Siemian was one of only three quarterbacks who averaged over 300 passing yards per game (the other two were Tom Brady and Kirk Cousins). By Week 16, he averaged 300.2 passing yards in his previous six games.


title: Trevor Siemian

text: Although the Broncos finished the season with a 9–7 record and missed the playoffs, Siemian compiled an 18-10 touchdown-to-interception ratio and an 84.6 passer rating. On both measures, Siemian significantly outperformed the Broncos' Peyton Manning-Brock Osweiler quarterback duo of 2015.


title: Trevor Siemian

text: On January 23, 2017, Siemian was named as an alternate for the 2017 Pro Bowl, but declined the invitation due to recovery from left shoulder surgery two weeks prior.


title: Trevor Siemian

text: Going into the 2017 season, Siemian had a new head coach in Vance Joseph. Siemian and the Broncos opened the 2017 season against the Los Angeles Chargers on "Monday Night Football". Siemian completed 17-of-28 passes for 219 yards, two touchdowns, and one interception as well as his first career rushing touchdown. The Broncos took a 24–7 lead, but two costly turnovers helped the Chargers make the score 24–21, but Broncos defensive end Shelby Harris blocked the Chargers attempt at a game-tying field goal from Younghoe Koo, giving the Broncos the win.


title: Trevor Siemian

text: The following week, Siemian and the Broncos hosted the Dallas Cowboys, led by 2016 Offensive Rookie of the Year Dak Prescott and 2016 leading rusher Ezekiel Elliott. The Broncos defense shut down Dallas' offense and Siemian went 22-of-32 for 231 yards, a career-high-tying four touchdowns, and one interception as the Broncos blew out the Cowboys 42–17. For his performance, Siemian was voted the NFL's Clutch Performer of the week and the FedEx Air Player of the week.


title: Trevor Siemian

text: During Week 6 against the New York Giants on "NBC Sunday Night Football", Siemian briefly left the game with a left shoulder injury near the end of the second quarter. He came back in the game in the third quarter, but two interceptions and a fumble still proved to be costly as the Broncos lost by a score of 23–10, despite Siemian having a career-high 376 passing yards.


title: Trevor Siemian

text: On November 1, after a 29-19 loss against the Kansas City Chiefs which saw Siemian throw three interceptions, it was announced that Brock Osweiler would start the team's Week 9 game against the Philadelphia Eagles in place of Siemian.


title: Trevor Siemian

text: In a Week 12 matchup against the Oakland Raiders, Siemian entered the game in the third quarter in relief of an injured Paxton Lynch. Trailing 21-0, Siemian nearly rallied the Broncos to a win, but the Broncos lost 21-14. Siemian finished 11-of-21 for 149 yards and two touchdown passes. A day after the game, it was announced that Lynch would miss two to four weeks due to his injury, making Siemian the starter.


title: Trevor Siemian

text: In Week 15 on "Thursday Night Football" against the Indianapolis Colts, Siemian suffered a shoulder injury in the first quarter and did not return to the game.


title: Trevor Siemian

text: On March 19, 2018, Siemian, along with a 2018 seventh-round draft pick, was traded to the Minnesota Vikings in exchange for a 2019 fifth-round draft pick.


title: Trevor Siemian

text: On September 12, 2019, quarterback Sam Darnold was ruled out indefinitely with mononucleosis, and Siemian was named the starter against the Cleveland Browns on "Monday Night Football" in Week 2. Siemian suffered an ankle injury on a late hit by Myles Garrett and left the game after completing 3 of 6 passes for three yards, and was replaced by third-string quarterback Luke Falk. The next day, it was revealed that there were torn ligaments in his ankle, prematurely ending his season.


title: Trevor Siemian

text: After becoming a free agent in March 2020, Siemian had a tryout with the Detroit Lions on August 14, 2020.


title: Trevor Siemian

text: On August 19, 2020, Siemian was signed by the Tennessee Titans to backup starter Ryan Tannehill on a one-year deal. On September 5, 2020, Siemian was released by the Titans and re-signed to the practice squad the next day.


title: Trevor Siemian

text: On November 20, 2020, the New Orleans Saints signed Siemian to their active roster off the Titans' practice squad after an injury to starting quarterback Drew Brees. The Saints waived Siemian on December 19, 2020, and signed him to their practice squad three days later. On January 18, 2021, Siemian signed a reserve/futures contract with the Saints.


title: Trevor Siemian

text: Siemian made his Saints debut in a Week 8 against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers after starter Jameis Winston left the game with a torn ACL. Siemian threw for 159 yards and a touchdown leading the Saints to a 36–27 win.


title: Trevor Siemian

text: The next week he was named the starter against the Atlanta Falcons over Taysom Hill who had recently cleared concussion protocol. Siemian was named the team's starter for the next four games, all Saints losses, after which he was benched in favor of Hill.


title: Trevor Siemian

text: Siemian finished the 2021 season (six games played, four as the starter) with 1,154 yards, 11 touchdowns, three interception, 57.4% completion percentage, and with a career-high 88.4 passer rating.


title: Trevor Siemian

text: On March 29, 2022, Siemian signed a two-year contract with the Chicago Bears. Siemian made his Bears debut in a 29-49 loss to Dallas Cowboys going 1/1 for 5 yards.


title: Trevor Siemian

text: After Justin Fields suffered an injury in the Week 11, Siemian was given his first start as a Bear in Week 12 against the New York Jets. Siemian suffered an oblique injury during pregame warmups. The Bears initially announced their third-string quarterback, Nathan Peterman, would start the game, but Siemian still made the start. He completed 14 of 25 passes for 179 yards, while throwing a touchdown and an interception in a 31–10 loss.


title: Trevor Siemian

text: On December 3, Siemian was placed on injured reserve to undergo season-ending surgery to repair his oblique injury.


title: Anthony Delon

text: Anthony Delon (born September 30, 1964) is a French-American actor, and son of actors Alain Delon and Nathalie Delon.


title: Anthony Delon

text: Delon is the former boyfriend of Princess Stéphanie of Monaco. He married Sophie Clerico on June 27, 2006; they separated in 2012. They have two daughters, born in 1996 and 2001. Anthony has one daughter (born 1986) with Marie-Hélène Le Borges, a former dancer at the Crazy Horse in Paris.


title: DCI Banks

text: DCI Banks is a British television crime drama series produced by Left Bank Pictures for the ITV network. Originally broadcast over five series in 2010–2016, the series was based on Peter Robinson's Inspector Alan Banks novels and stars Stephen Tompkinson as Detective Chief Inspector Alan Banks. In 2013, the series won in the drama category at the regional Royal Television Society Yorkshire Programme Awards.


title: DCI Banks

text: In January 2010, author Peter Robinson signed with Left Bank Pictures and ITV to adapt novels from the Detective Chief Inspector Alan Banks series for television. Filming on a two-part pilot based on "Aftermath" was completed in July 2010, with scenes filmed in Leeds. "DCI Banks: Aftermath" was broadcast on ITV on 27 September and 4 October 2010. The two episodes drew 6.55 million viewers, twice becoming the fifth most-watched programme on the ITV network that week.


title: DCI Banks

text: ITV commissioned six episodesthree two-part dramas adapted from three novels for the first series. Filming began in February 2011 and included locations in Otley for "Friend of the Devil". Some shop names were unchanged during filming. The first episode, "Playing with Fire", aired 16 September 2011, and drew an average of 4.5 million viewers. The subsequent two 2-part dramas, "Friend of the Devil" and "Cold is the Grave", achieved similar ratings.


title: DCI Banks

text: ITV commissioned a second series. Filming began in March 2012, and episodes began broadcasting from 10 October. For this series, the novels "Dry Bones that Dream", "Innocent Graves" and "Strange Affair" were adapted. With Andrea Lowe on maternity leave, Stephen Tompkinson was joined by Caroline Catz as DI Helen Morton, a character not in the novels. Sally Haynes, head of the ITV drama commissioning, said of the second series: ""DCI Banks" is now established as a firm favourite within ITV's crime drama slate. We're delighted so many viewers are appreciating Robert Murphy’s adaptations and how the team at Left Bank Pictures are producing "DCI Banks"."


title: DCI Banks

text: On 1 December 2012, Peter Robinson announced on his website " that "DCI Banks" has been recommissioned for a third series of six one-hour episodes (again, three two-parters), according to a revised statement posted June 17, 2013, based on three books: "Wednesday’s Child", "Piece of My Heart", and "Bad Boy". The revised announcement said filming would begin in August 2013, broadcast dates to be confirmed later. In January 2013, Stephen Tompkinson mentioned in an interview "I’m pleased to say [DCI Banks has] recently been commissioned for a third series, which should start filming later in the year," and in a subsequent interview he said: "In series three [DCI Alan] Banks will be assisted by both Annie and Helen," indicating that Lowe and Catz will return. Describing Alan Banks, Tompkinson said, "He is heavily reliant on his team and a great, almost patrician leader."


title: DCI Banks

text: The show was originally shown on ITV but from June 2014 the show was repeated on ITV's subscription drama channel ITV Encore on Friday nights.


title: DCI Banks

text: On 22 September 2014, ITV announced the show was renewed for a fourth series. Filming began in Yorkshire in September 2014. The fourth series featured six hour-long original episodes inspired by Peter Robinson's books and aired from 4 March 2015 to 8 April 2015.


title: DCI Banks

text: In an article written for "The Telegraph" when the pilot "DCI Banks: Aftermath" first aired in the UK, Peter Robinson wrote:


title: DCI Banks

text: A lot of people asked me about the casting of Stephen Tompkinson as Banks...I met Stephen early on in the process, and he wanted to...find out everything he could from me about the character. I was impressed by his dedication, and when I finally saw him 'in character' I thought he managed to convey the essence of Banks. Stephen is taller than the Banks in the books, and my Annie is a brunette, whereas Andrea Lowe plays her as a blonde. It doesn't matter. You can't expect exact duplication. No actor is going to satisfy everybody's image of the way a fictional character should look, but that doesn’t mean he or she can't capture that character's spirit.


title: DCI Banks

text: All episodes, to date, have been in two parts, often broadcast a week apart. For re-broadcast on U.S. public television stations, the two parts are usually re-edited into a single 90-minute episode (without commercial interruption).


title: DCI Banks

text: The pilot was broadcast in late 2010, and good viewing numbers ensured the making of the subsequent series. Each series has comprised three two-part episodes. Series 1 was broadcast in late 2011, Series 2 in late 2012, Series 3 in early 2014, Series 4 in early 2015 and Series 5 in late 2016.


title: DCI Banks

text: On 9 January 2013, BBC Worldwide America announced a "landmark syndication deal" with public television stations in the US for "DCI Banks" to be available on 166 PBS affiliate stations, "reaching an estimated 77% of U.S. TV households". The syndication deal includes the pilot, and Series 1 and 2. Idaho Public Television created a website for the show and posted all the episodes to be streamed on demand in the US . Although each drama was shown in two parts over two weeks in the UK, on PBS they have been shown as single 90-minute dramas. Julius Cain of BBC Worldwide America, said: "This syndication deal marks the largest we have inked to date between BBC Worldwide America and public television stations."


title: DCI Banks

text: "DCI Banks" has also been broadcast in Canada, and it aired in Norway on NRK1. In Sweden, national public service broadcaster SVT aired the pilot and three Series 1 episodes (each about 90 minutes in length). Similar airings occurred in Denmark. The pilot and Series 1 have also been aired in Finland (YLE1). In Estonia, national public service broadcaster ETV aired the pilot and Series 1 in autumn 2012, with Series 2 due to be aired in the end of September 2013. Series 1 was aired in Germany (ZDF) in 3 episodes of 90 minutes each, between 26 May and 9 June 2013 under the title "Inspector Banks". In Australia, the show has aired on subscription TV channel, UKTV, and in May 2013, began screening on free-to-air station ABC1. In France, the drama began on 2 November 2012 on Arte.


title: DCI Banks

text: DCI Banks has also been broadcast in Saudi Arabia by OSN (Orbit Showtime Network) which had forged an exclusive deal with BBC First HD that would carry the broadcast to Middle East & North Africa with programming screening 48 hours after their UK premier.


title: DCI Banks

text: The Series 1 DVD was released for Region 2 (UK) on 31 October 2011. The two disc-set features the pilot "Aftermath" and the three two-part dramas of Series 1. Extra features include some deleted scenes and short interviews with Stephen Tompkinson and Andrea Lowe. The Region 2 DVD of Series 2 was released in the UK 19 November 2012, and contains three two-part dramas. Panvision has published DVDs of the pilot and Series 1 with subtitles in Swedish, Danish, Norwegian and Finnish.


title: Henry Flagler

text: Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 – May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil, which was first based in Ohio. He was also a key figure in the development of the Atlantic coast of Florida and founder of the Florida East Coast Railway. He is also known as a founder of the cities of Miami and Palm Beach, Florida.


title: Henry Flagler

text: Flagler was born in Hopewell, New York. His father was Isaac Flagler, a Presbyterian minister and great-grandson of Zacharra Flegler, whose family had emigrated from the German Palatinate region to Holland in 1688. Zacharra worked in England for several years before moving to Dutchess County, New York, in 1710. His grandson Solomon changed the spelling of the surname to Flagler and passed it on to his 11 children. Flagler's mother was Elizabeth Caldwell Harkness Flagler, Isaac's third wife and a widow who had a stepson, Stephen V. Harkness, and a son, Daniel M. Harkness, from her marriage to deceased widower David Harkness of Milan, Ohio.


title: Henry Flagler

text: Flagler attended local schools through eighth grade. His half-brother Daniel had left Hopewell to live and work with his paternal uncle Lamon G. Harkness, who had a store in Republic, Ohio. He recruited Henry Flagler to join him, and the youth went to Ohio at age 14, where he started work in 1844 at a salary of US$5 per month plus room and board. By 1849, Flagler was promoted to the sales staff at a salary of $40 per month. He later joined Daniel in a grain business started with his uncle Lamon in Bellevue, Ohio.


title: Henry Flagler

text: In 1862, Flagler and his brother-in-law Barney Hamlin York (1833–1884) founded the Flagler and York Salt Company, a salt mining and production business in Saginaw, Michigan. He found that salt mining required more technical knowledge than he had and struggled in the industry during the Civil War. The company collapsed when the war undercut commercial demand for salt. Flagler returned to Bellevue having lost his initial $50,000 investment and an additional $50,000 he had borrowed from his father-in-law and Daniel. Flagler believed that he had learned a valuable lesson: invest in a business only after thorough investigation.


title: Henry Flagler

text: After the failure of his salt business in Saginaw, Flagler returned to Bellevue in 1866 and reentered the grain business as a commission merchant with the Harkness Grain Company. During this time he worked to pay back his stepbrother. Through this business, Flagler became acquainted with John D. Rockefeller, who worked as a commission agent with Hewitt and Tuttle for the Harkness Grain Company. By the mid-1860s, Cleveland had become the center of the oil refining industry in America and Rockefeller left the grain business to start his own oil refinery. Rockefeller worked in association with chemist and inventor Samuel Andrews.


title: Henry Flagler

text: Needing capital for his new venture, Rockefeller approached Flagler in 1867. Flagler's stepbrother Stephen V. Harkness invested $100,000 (equivalent to $ in ) on the condition that Flagler be made a partner. The Rockefeller, Andrews & Flagler partnership was formed with Flagler in control of Harkness' interest. The partnership eventually grew into the Standard Oil Corporation. It was Flagler's idea to use the rebate system to strengthen the firm's position against competitors and the transporting enterprises alike. Flagler was in a special position to make those deals due to his connections as a grain merchant. Equivalent to a 15% discount, they put Standard Oil in position to significantly undercut other oil refineries. By 1872, it led the American oil refining industry, producing . In 1877, Flagler and his family moved to New York City, which was becoming the center of commerce in the U.S.. In 1885, Standard Oil moved its corporate headquarters to New York City to the iconic 26 Broadway location.


title: Henry Flagler

text: By the end of the American Civil War, Cleveland was one of the five main refining centers in the U.S. (besides Pittsburgh, New York City, Philadelphia, and the region in northwestern Pennsylvania where most of the oil originated).


title: Henry Flagler

text: By 1869, there was three times more kerosene refining capacity than needed to supply the market, and the capacity remained in excess for many years.


title: Henry Flagler

text: In June 1870, Flagler and Rockefeller formed Standard Oil of Ohio, which rapidly became the most profitable refiner in Ohio. Standard Oil grew to become one of the largest shippers of oil and kerosene in the country. The railroads were fighting fiercely for traffic and, in an attempt to create a cartel to control freight rates, formed the South Improvement Company in collusion with Standard and other oil men outside the main oil centers. The cartel received preferential treatment as a high-volume shipper, which included not just steep rebates of up to 50% for their product but also rebates for the shipment of competing products. Part of this scheme was the announcement of sharply increased freight charges. This touched off a firestorm of protest from independent oil well owners, including boycotts and vandalism, which eventually led to the discovery of Standard Oil's part in the deal. A major New York refiner, Charles Pratt and Company, headed by Charles Pratt and Henry H. Rogers, led the opposition to this plan, and railroads soon backed off. Pennsylvania revoked the cartel's charter, and non-preferential rates were restored for the time being.


title: Henry Flagler

text: Undeterred, though vilified for the first time by the press, Flagler and Rockefeller continued with their self-reinforcing cycle of buying competing refiners, improving the efficiency of operations, pressing for discounts on oil shipments, undercutting competition, making secret deals, raising investment pools, and buying rivals out. In less than four months in 1872, in what was later known as "The Cleveland Conquest" or "The Cleveland Massacre", Standard Oil had absorbed 22 of its 26 Cleveland competitors. Eventually, even former antagonists Pratt and Rogers saw the futility of continuing to compete against Standard Oil: in 1874, they made a secret agreement with their old nemesis to be acquired. Pratt and Rogers became Flagler and Rockefeller's partners. Rogers, in particular, became one of Flagler and Rockefeller's key men in the formation of the Standard Oil Trust. Pratt's son, Charles Millard Pratt, became Secretary of Standard Oil. For many of the competitors, Flagler and Rockefeller had merely to show them the books so they could see what they were up against and make them a decent offer. If they refused the offer, Flagler and Rockefeller told them they would run them into bankruptcy and then cheaply buy up their assets at auction. Flagler and Rockefeller saw themselves as the industry's saviors, "an angel of mercy" absorbing the weak and making the industry as a whole stronger, more efficient, and more competitive. Standard was growing horizontally and vertically. It added its own pipelines, tank cars, and home delivery network. It kept oil prices low to stave off competitors, made its products affordable to the average household, and, to increase market penetration, sometimes sold below cost if necessary. It developed over 300 oil-based products from tar to paint to Vaseline petroleum jelly to chewing gum. By the end of the 1870s, Standard was refining over 90% of the oil in the U.S.


title: Henry Flagler

text: In 1877, Standard clashed with Thomas A. Scott the president of the Pennsylvania Railroad, its chief hauler. Flagler and Rockefeller had envisioned the use of pipelines as an alternative transport system for oil and began a campaign to build and acquire them. The railroad, seeing Standard's incursion into the transportation and pipeline fields, struck back and formed a subsidiary to buy and build oil refineries and pipelines.This subsidiary, the Empire Transportation Company, which Joseph D. Potts created in 1865 and also ran, owned other assets including a small fleet of ships on the Great Lakes. Standard countered and held back its shipments and, with the help of other railroads, started a price war that dramatically reduced freight payments and caused labor unrest as well. Flagler and Rockefeller eventually prevailed and the railroad sold all its oil interests to Standard. But in the aftermath of that battle, in 1879 the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania indicted Flagler and Rockefeller on charges of monopolizing the oil trade, starting an avalanche of similar court proceedings in other states and making a national issue of Standard Oil's business practices. The New York State Legislature's Hepburn Committee in 1879 conducted hearings in response to the complaints of local merchants that were not involved in the oil trade in order to investigate railroad rebate practices. The committee ultimately discovered the previously unknown scope of Standard Oil's business interests.