title: Fairytale of New York

text: The song was released in the United Kingdom and Ireland in November 1987 and swiftly became a hit, spending five weeks at Number 1 in the Irish charts. On 17 December 1987, the Pogues and MacColl performed the song on the BBC's television show "Top of the Pops", and it was propelled to number two on the official UK Top 75. Although the song finished 1987 as the 48th best seller of the year despite only a month's sales, it was denied the UK Christmas number one by the Pet Shop Boys' synth-pop version of "Always on My Mind". MacGowan was reported to have said "We were beaten by two queens and a drum machine". MacColl later said that she did not feel they were really in competition with the Pet Shop Boys as they were doing a completely different type of music.


title: Fairytale of New York

text: The song was re-released by the Pogues in the UK in 1991 (reaching #36), and again in the UK and Ireland for Christmas 2005, reaching number three in the UK. All proceeds from the latter release were donated towards a mixture of homeless charities and "Justice for Kirsty", a campaign to find out the truth behind MacColl's death in 2000. Due to the eligibility of downloads to chart even without a physical release, coupled with a more recent further boost from streaming data, the song has re-entered the Top 75 every December since 2005. It has now made the Top 20 on nineteen separate occasions including eighteen times in successive years, and the Top 10 on ten separate occasions including individual runs of three and six successive years, feats that no other single can match. Its twenty visits to the chart to date now total 110 weeks on the official UK Top 75 (as of w/e 22 December 2022), making it the fifth most charted song of all time. In late 2012 it was declared a UK million-seller. The song is considerably less well known in the US.


title: Fairytale of New York

text: On 22 December 2005, the Pogues performed the song on a "Friday Night with Jonathan Ross" Christmas special on BBC One in the UK, with the female vocals taken by singer Katie Melua.


title: Fairytale of New York

text: "Fairytale of New York" was announced as "The Nation's Favourite Christmas Song" in a 90-minute special on ITV on 22 December 2012, following a UK-wide survey of ITV viewers. In the UK it is the most-played Christmas song of the 21st century. The song has featured in many UK and Ireland-based surveys and polls:


title: Fairytale of New York

text: In topping another UK poll in December 2014, "The Independent" states, "The poll is the latest in a number of surveys that has named "Fairytale of New York" the nation's favourite Christmas song." Comedian Bill Murray sang it in his 2015 television special "A Very Murray Christmas". The song was the subject of BBC Radio 4's "Soul Music" series on 22 December 2015. In December 2017, singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran and Anne-Marie performed the song on BBC Radio 1's "Live Lounge." In December 2018, Irish actress Saoirse Ronan and host Jimmy Fallon performed it on his talk show, "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon". In the BBC's "Gavin & Stacey – Christmas Special", broadcast on Christmas Day 2019, Ruth Jones and Rob Brydon sang the uncensored version of the song as their characters Nessa Jenkins and Uncle Bryn.


title: Fairytale of New York

text: The song was covered by American singer Jon Bon Jovi in 2020 as part of a three-track EP, "A Jon Bon Jovi Christmas", and features re-written lyrics as well as Bon Jovi singing both vocal parts. The version was widely panned by both critics and fans, and labelled one of the worst songs of 2020 by several publications. The Pogues' Twitter account retweeted a post by Irish musician Rob Smith saying: "I have heard Bon Jovi’s cover of Fairytale Of New York. It’s the worst thing to ever happen music, and I am including both the murder of John Lennon and Brian McFadden’s solo career in there. This is worse!", adding "What Rob said". Steve Lillywhite, producer of the original track, additionally wrote, "The worst ever version of this song. Sorry Jon... embarrassing and pointless". However, MacGowan reportedly enjoyed the "interesting and soulful" cover, according to a tweet from his wife Victoria Mary Clarke.


title: Demographics of Latvia

text: This article is about the demographic features of the population of the historical territory of Latvia, including population density, ethnic background, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.


title: Demographics of Latvia

text: Latvia was settled by the Baltic tribes some three millennia ago. The territories along the eastern Baltic first came under foreign domination at the beginning of the 13th century, with the formal establishment of Riga in 1201 under the German Teutonic Knights.


title: Demographics of Latvia

text: Latvia, in whole or in parts, remained under foreign rule for the next eight centuries, finding itself at the cross-roads of all the regional superpowers of their day, including Denmark (the Danes held on lands around the Gulf of Riga), Sweden, and Russia, with southern (Courland) Latvia being at one time a vassal to Poland-Lithuania as well as Latgale falling directly under Poland-Lithuania rule. Through all this time, Latvia remained largely under Baltic German hegemony, with Baltic Germans comprising the largest land-owners, a situation which did not change until Latvia's independence.


title: Demographics of Latvia

text: Historically, Latvia has had significant German, Russian, Jewish, Polish, Belarusian and Lithuanian minorities. The majority (roughly two thirds) of Latvians, under Swedish influences, adopted Lutheranism, while the minority (the remaining third) of Latvians under Poland-Lithuania, Latgale in particular, retained their Catholicism. Aglona, in Latgale, has been the site of annual Catholic pilgrimage for centuries, even through to today.


title: Demographics of Latvia

text: Recently introduced immigration law in Latvia provides framework for immigration through investment in various financial areas or real estate. In 2012, solely 2,435 applications for residence permit by investment in real estate were received by Office of Citizenship and Migration Affairs. Main immigrant countries are Russia, Belarus, Ukraine and Lithuania (Lithuania is in the European Union, thus no investment is needed). Moreover, Latvia receives residence permit applications from people of nationalities such as Afghans, Chinese, Libyans and people from various other distant countries.


title: Demographics of Latvia

text: Over 130,000 persons have been naturalized as Latvian citizens since 1995, but 290,660 persons, as of March 2011, live in Latvia with non-citizen's passports. Large numbers of Russians, as well as some Ukrainians and Belarusians remained in Latvia after the fall of the Soviet Union.


title: Demographics of Latvia

text: According to the provisional results of the Population and Housing Census 2011, the total population of Latvia on 1 March 2011 was 2,067,887. Since the previous census in 2000 the country's population decreased by 309,000 or 13%. The proportion of ethnic Latvians increased to 62.1% of the population. Livonians are the other indigenous ethnic group, with about 250 of them remaining. Latgalians are a distinctive subgroup of Latvians inhabiting or coming from Eastern Latvia.


title: Demographics of Latvia

text: According to rankings provided by the United States Census Bureau—International Data Base (IDB)—Country Rankings, Latvia is estimated to have a population of 1,249,812 in the year 2050.


title: Demographics of Latvia

text: Illegal immigration in Latvia has traditionally been from neighboring countries but now migrants also come from other areas such as Latin America, Southeast Asia and Africa. The Latvian government have sought to work with Russia to stem the problem. In 2009 the US State Department criticized Latvia for its treatment of illegal immigrants.


title: Demographics of Latvia

text: For an immigrant not to become an illegal resident, a permit is required for a foreign national or a stateless person wishing to reside in the Republic of Latvia for more than 90 days within a 6-month period, thus if the person does not acquire himself a residence permit, he will be considered an illegal immigrant.


title: Demographics of Latvia

text: Latvia's indigenous population has been ravaged numerous times throughout history. The earliest such event occurred during the conquest of Latvia by Peter the Great in the Great Northern War with Sweden.


title: Demographics of Latvia

text: In 1897, the first official census in this area indicated that Latvians formed 68.3% of the total population of 1.93 million; Russians accounted for 12%, Jews for 7.4%, Germans for 6.2%, and Poles for 3.4%. The remainder were Lithuanians, Estonians, Gypsies, and various other nationalities.


title: Demographics of Latvia

text: The demographics shifted greatly in the 20th century due to the world wars, the expulsion of the Baltic Germans, the Holocaust, and occupation by the Soviet Union. Today, only the Russian minority, which has tripled in numbers since 1935, remains important. The share of ethnic Latvians fell from 75% (1,472,612) in 1935 to 52% (1,387,757) in 1989, after human loss in World War II and human deportation and other repressive measures.


title: Demographics of Latvia

text: In 2005, there were even fewer Latvians than in 1989, though their share of the population was larger 1,357,099 (58.8% of the inhabitants). People who arrived in Latvia during the Soviet era, and their descendants born before 21 August 1991, have to pass a naturalization process to receive Latvian citizenship. Their children born after the restoration of independence in 1991 are registered as citizens, if one of the parents requests it.


title: Demographics of Latvia

text: Ethnic Latvians have been one of the world's slowest-growing ethnic groups for a century. The number of Latvians today is actually less than it was in the 1920s.


title: Demographics of Latvia

text: Latvians have always been the largest ethnic group in Latvia during the past century, but minority peoples have always been numerous. Never in late modern history have they accounted for more than 80% of the population in Latvia. Before World War 2, the proportion of non-Latvians was approximately 25%, the Russians being the largest minority (approx. 10%), followed by Jews (approx. 5%), Germans and Poles (2–3%). After World War 2 only small numbers of Jews and Germans remained and following mass colonization of Russians, Latvians almost became a minority. There were also settlers from Belarus and Ukraine. In 1989, the proportion of Latvians had decreased to only 52% (from 75.5% in 1935). Despite the decreasing number of Latvians due to low fertility rates, the proportion of Latvians has considerably increased during the past two decades and reached 62.1% in 2011 (slightly higher than the 62.0% in 1959). This is due to large scale emigration of Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians. The number of these peoples almost halved between 1989 and 2011.


title: Demographics of Latvia

text: In the 2011 census, 1,164,894 persons in Latvia reported Latvian as their main language spoken at home; 698,757 respondents listed Russian as their main language spoken at home, representing 37.2% of the total population, whereas Latvian was recorded as the main language spoken at home for 62.1%. Latvian was spoken as a second language by 20.8% of the population, and 43.7% spoke Russian as a second language. In total, 71% of ethnic Latvians said they could speak Russian, and 52% of Russians could speak Latvian in the 2000 census.


title: Demographics of Latvia

text: In August 2019, the Central Statistical Bureau published new data indicating that Latvian was the native language of 60.8% of Latvia's population per 1 January 2018, a 2.6% increase compared to the 2000 census. 62.2% of the population was 'ethnically Latvian'. The percentage of native Latvian speakers increased in all statistical regions, especially in the Rīga capital region and Pierīga region around it (4.6%). The number of native Russian speakers dropped in all regions; in Latgale, the number of native Russian speakers also dropped, although their percentage remained the same at 55.5%, the highest of the country. Compared to the 2011 census, the share of people speaking Latvian at home rose by 1.9%, while the number of Russian home speakers dropped by 2.6%. 90.7% of ethnic Russians indicated they spoke Russian at home, while 8.5% of them indicated they spoke Latvian at home. Inter-linguistic marriage was an important factor why, for example, some non-native Latvian speakers who married native Latvian speakers switched to speaking Latvian at home. The percentage of Russian home speakers gradually increased with age from 30.0% amongst 0–4-year-olds to 44.2% amongst 55–64-year-olds, while Latvian home speakers gradually decreased with age from 69.2% amongst 0–4-year-olds to 55.0% amongst 55–64-year-olds, indicating that children in Latvia are increasingly being raised and educated in Latvian.


title: Demographics of Latvia

text: The largest religion in Latvia is Christianity (79%), though only about 7% of the population attends religious services regularly. The largest groups were:


title: Demographics of Latvia

text: In the Eurobarometer Poll 2010, 38% of Latvian citizens responded that "they believe there is a God", while 48% answered that "they believe there is some sort of spirit or life force" and 11% stated that "they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, God, or life force".


title: Demographics of Latvia

text: Lutheranism was more prominent before the Soviet occupation, when it was a majority religion of ~60% due to strong historical links with the Nordic countries and influence of the Hansa, and Germany in general. Since then, Lutheranism has declined to a slightly greater extent than Roman Catholicism in all three Baltic states. The Evangelical Lutheran Church, with an estimated 600,000 members in 1956, was affected most adversely. An internal document of 18 March 1987, near the end of communist rule, spoke of an active membership that had shrunk to only 25,000 in Latvia, but the faith has since experienced a revival. Moreover, modern Evangelical Protestant denominations are spreading worldwide, including Latvia. The country's Orthodox Christians belong to the Latvian Orthodox Church, a semi-autonomous body within the Russian Orthodox Church. In 2011, there were 416 Jews and 319 Muslims living in Latvia.


title: Demographics of Latvia

text: There are more than 600 Latvian neopagans, "Dievturi", whose religion is based on Latvian mythology. About 21% of the total population is not affiliated with a specific religion.


title: Kehinde Wiley

text: Kehinde Wiley (born February 28, 1977) is an Nigerian American portrait painter based in New York City, who is known for his highly naturalistic paintings of Black people, frequently referencing the work of Old Master paintings. He was commissioned in 2017 to paint a portrait of former President Barack Obama for the Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery, which has portraits of all previous American presidents. The Columbus Museum of Art, which hosted an exhibition of his work in 2007, describes his work as follows: "Wiley has gained recent acclaim for his heroic portraits which address the image and status of young African-American men in contemporary culture."


title: Kehinde Wiley

text: Wiley was born in Los Angeles, California. His father, Isaiah D. Obot, is Yoruba, from Nigeria, and his mother, Freddie Mae Wiley, is African American. Wiley has a twin brother. When Wiley was a child, his mother wanted him and his brother to stay out of the streets and so she supported their interest in art and enrolled them in after-school art classes. At the age of 11, Wiley and his brother were selected with 48 other kids to spend a short time at a conservatory of art in Russia, just outside St. Petersburg. It was here that Wiley developed his passion for portraiture. Wiley noted that his brother was better at portraiture than he was and this created a competitive sense between them. The siblings would compete to see who could recreate the most realistic images. He continued with other classes in the US and attended high school at the Los Angeles County High School for the Arts.


title: Kehinde Wiley

text: The twins were raised by their mother; once their father, who had come to the US as a scholarship student, finished his studies, he returned to Nigeria, leaving Freddie to raise the couple's six children. Wiley has said that his family survived on welfare checks and the limited income earned by his mother's 'thrift store' – which consisted of a patch of sidewalk outside their home. Wiley traveled to Nigeria at the age of 20 to meet his father and explore his family roots there. He was strongly influenced by seeing the works of Gainsborough and Constable. He earned his BFA from the San Francisco Art Institute in 1999 and then received a scholarship to complete his MFA at Yale University School of Art in 2001. While at art school, he says that the most important lesson he learned was to create art that he wanted to make, not art that his professors wanted him to make. Before becoming an artist-in-residence at the Studio Museum in Harlem, which Wiley has later stated "made [him] the artist [he] is today."Jeffrey Deitch, an art dealer and curator, gave Wiley his first solo show – "Passing/Posing" – at the Hoffman Gallery in Chicago in 2005. Deitch represented him for the next 10 years.


title: Kehinde Wiley

text: The beginnings of Wiley's now famous portraits can be traced back to his time in Harlem, New York, during his residency at the Studio Museum. It was at this time he came upon a crumpled mugshot released by the New York Police Department. On it was a photo of an African American man in his twenties with his basic personal information in order for the man to be identified. Wiley held onto this mugshot that would inspire some of his future work like Conspicuous Fraud Series #1 (Eminence) as well as a recreation of this mugshot in Mugshot Study (2006, Plate 8). When later commenting on his fascination with the mugshot and its influence in his art, Wiley noted that when he found it on the street, it altered his view of what a portraiture could be as well as solidified his feelings about the portrayal of black men in the world. Wiley saw that there was something lacking. He then turned to his background in classical paintings and began to compare this new type of portraiture to the ones he studied from the eighteenth century. This would spark inspiration in Wiley and lead to him creating a combination of his new modern portraiture and the classic ones from history.


title: Kehinde Wiley

text: Although Wiley portraits were initially based on photographs of young men from the streets of Harlem, Wiley began to expand to an international view, including models found in urban backdrops from around the world – including Mumbai, Senegal, Dakar and Rio de Janeiro. This immense body of work became known as, "The World Stage." Models are dressed in their everyday clothing and asked to assume poses found in artwork from their location's history. It's a juxtaposition of "the 'old' inherited by the 'new' – who often have no visual inheritance of which to speak." Wiley says this instantly sparks a conversation that is equally emotional as it is intellectual.


title: Kehinde Wiley

text: Wiley chooses countries that he believes are on the "conversation block" in the 21st century to be a part of The World Stage. Wiley chose Brazil, Nigeria, India and China because they are all "points of anxiety and curiosity and production" to the world. As Wiley has traveled around the world, he has noticed that many people around the world interact with American culture the Black American expression. As he continues to paint models from streets around the world, he is increasingly painting them not based on Western painting anymore, but art from these countries that have a wealth of history.


title: Kehinde Wiley

text: In October 2017, it was announced that Wiley had been chosen by Barack Obama to paint an official portrait of the former president to appear in Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery "America's Presidents" exhibition along with Amy Sherald who was chosen by Michelle Obama for the First Lady portrait on the same day. They were the first Black artists to paint an American President portrait and the First Lady portrait, respectively. The portrait took him over two years from the first conversation about the commission to the unveiling which took place on February 12, 2018 at the Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery, where past president portraits have been displayed outside the White House. Compared to past presidential portraits, which show their subjects in a more realistic representation of an office as a background to show their authority, Wiley depicted Obama seated casually on an antique chair, seemingly floating among foliage. Each flower points to a location which represents an event that happened in Obama's life, such as the chrysanthemum, the official flower of the city of Chicago (where he was elected as senator), African lilies, representing Kenya to show respect to Obama's father, who died when he was a child, and jasmine, representing Obama's childhood in Hawaii with his grandparents. The inspiration for Obama's pose came from the photography session to get photographs of Obama to use for the portrait. Wiley recalled a moment of repose in between shots when Obama was essentially as he is depicted in the portrait, a pose the artist felt was authentic to Obama. During the unveiling of Obama's portrait, Wiley stated in an interview that Obama wanted "a very relaxed, man-of-the-people representation" and Wiley created that image through small details: an open collar, the absence of a tie, and the perception that the President's body was physically moving towards the viewer instead of appearing aloof. Wiley mentioned that Obama and the foreground of the plants are having a battle of, "Who gets to be the star of the show, the story or the man who inhabits that story?", which Wiley wants to show that Obama is the one who claims the spotlight of the portrait and not just his story and experiences that helped contour his life. President Obama saw in Wiley's work that he is able to elevate an ordinary person to look like a royalty and to lift then up so that they belong as a part of American life, since Obama believed that politics should be about the country unfolding from the bottom up and not the other way around. Wiley also mentioned in the unveiling of Obama's portrait that he went to museums in Los Angeles and noticed that there weren't many artworks that display African Americans and he wanted to change that. He hoped that one day the artworks that he creates can inspire future African American generations who look up at the museum wall and see someone who looks like them being displayed at the museum, especially the portrait of the first Black American president. After the unveiling of Wiley's portrait of the President and Amy Sherald's portrait of the First Lady, the Smithsonian National museum saw an increase in the number of visitors from 1.1 to 2.1 million people.


title: Kehinde Wiley

text: Some conservative commentators criticized the selection of Wiley for the commission because he had earlier produced two painting variations of "Judith Beheading Holofernes," in which he depicts African-American women holding the severed heads of white women.


title: Kehinde Wiley

text: Wiley's initial series of works titled "Rumors of War" were commissioned in 2005 and depicted contemporary men, as opposed to the 'heroic' equestrians in the originals, wearing sports team jerseys and Timberland boots, with Wiley deciding to keep the original titles.


title: Kehinde Wiley

text: Wiley revisited this idea after visiting Richmond, Virginia, where he became interested in the Confederate monuments on Monument Avenue and the idea of the Lost Cause of the Confederacy existing within a modern "hipster" town. In response to the monuments, Wiley decided to create "Rumors of War", a thirty foot tall statue of a young, black man sporting jeans, Nike high-tops and dreadlocks, modeled on Monument Avenue's statue of J. E. B. Stuart. "Rumors of War" was unveiled in Times Square before being moved to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, a mile away from the J. E. B. Stuart statue which inspired it and the institute that commissioned it. At 27 feet high and 16 feet wide, it is his largest work to date, as of 2019. "Rumors of War" was delivered in collaboration with Times Square Arts, Sean Kelly Gallery and UAP.


title: Kehinde Wiley

text: Wiley had a retrospective in 2016 at the Seattle Art Museum. In May 2017, he had an exhibit, "Trickster", at the Sean Kelly Gallery, New York City. The exhibit featured 11 paintings depicting contemporary black artists.


title: Kehinde Wiley

text: Wiley opened a studio in Beijing, China, in 2006 to use several helpers to do brushstrokes for his paintings. Initially, outsourcing work to China had been done to cut costs but by 2012, Wiley told "New York" magazine that low costs was no longer the reason. Critics have long wondered about the extent to which Wiley's paintings are painted by Wiley himself. When asked if one could visit his studio in China to watch him paint, the artist declined. Wiley's Beijing studio is managed by Ain Cocke, who has worked for him for close to a decade, first as a painting assistant and now as a manager. He is an accomplished painter, though far less successful commercially.


title: Kehinde Wiley

text: In 2021, Wiley's work "Go" became a permanent for Penn Station's concourse in New York City. The stained-glass work depicts black break-dancers on a background of the sky with clouds. The piece is inspired by the 18th century ceiling frescoes of Giovanni Battista Tiepolo. The work is his first permanent, site-specific installation in the medium of glass.


title: Kehinde Wiley

text: Wiley often references Old Masters paintings for the pose of a figure. Wiley's paintings often blur the boundaries between traditional and contemporary modes of representation. Rendering his figures in a realistic mode—while making references to specific Old Master paintings—Wiley creates a fusion of period styles and influences, ranging from French Rococo, Islamic architecture, and West African textile design, to urban hip hop and the "Sea Foam Green" of a Martha Stewart Interiors color swatch. Wiley depicts his slightly larger than life-size figures in a heroic manner, giving them poses that connote power and spiritual awakening. Wiley's portrayal of masculinity is filtered through these poses of power and spirituality.


title: Kehinde Wiley

text: In a number of his paintings, Wiley inserts black protagonists into Old Master paintings. In 2007 he reimagined Théodore Géricault's early-nineteenth-century "The Charging Chasseur" with a young black man in casual streetwear as the sword-wielding hussar in his painting "Officer of the Hussars."


title: Kehinde Wiley

text: Similarly, his "Napoleon Leading the Army over the Alps" (2005) is based on "Napoleon Crossing the Alps" (1800) by Jacques-Louis David, often regarded as a "masterpiece." Wiley restaged it with an African rider wearing modern army fatigues and a bandanna. Wiley "investigates the perception of blackness and creates a contemporary hybrid Olympus in which tradition is invested with a new street credibility". While creating the work Wiley attempted to use real horses to model and found that the proportions between man and horse in the original work to be unrealistic. The purpose of art during David's time was to serve as propaganda. Although seemingly naturalistic, both Wiley's and David's portraits feature rider's who are disproportionate to their steed, because "men look a lot smaller on real horses." Wiley claims to be simultaneously drawn to the illusion used in Old Masters paintings while also wanting to expose them: "The appeal, I suppose, is that, in a world so unmasterable and so unknowable, you give the illusion or veneer of the rational, of order—these strong men, these powerful purveyors of truth. And so this thing that I do is in a strange sense being drawn toward that flame and wanting to blow it out at once."


title: Kehinde Wiley

text: His portraits are based on photographs of young men whom Wiley sees on the street. He has painted men from Harlem's 125th Street, as well as the South Central Los Angeles neighborhood where he was born. Dressed in street clothes, his models were asked to assume poses from the paintings of Renaissance masters, such as Titian and Giovanni Battista Tiepolo. Wiley describes his approach as "interrogating the notion of the master painter, at once critical and complicit". His figurative paintings "quote historical sources and position young black men within that field of power". In this manner, his paintings fuse history and style in a unique and contemporary manner. His art has been described as having homoerotic qualities. Wiley has used a sperm motif as symbolic of masculinity and gender.


title: Kehinde Wiley

text: This reimagining was also seen in Wiley's VH1 commissioned piece, where he was asked to paint honorees for the 2005 Hip Hop Honours program. Wiley depicted the rapper Ice T as Napoleon and Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five as a Dutch Civic guard company from the 17th century.


title: Kehinde Wiley

text: Sometimes Wiley changes the gender of figures portrayed in the older works. In "Portrait of a Couple" from 2012, he replaces the couple (man and woman) depicted in the original painting from 1610 with a pair of young men. The same year, he exhibited two variations on the "Judith Beheading Holofernes" Biblical story famously painted by Caravaggio,replacing the male Holofernes with female figures. "New York" magazine described one of these as depicting "a tall, elegant black woman in a long blue dress. In one hand, she holds a knife. In the other, a cleanly severed brunette female head". Wiley said about this work: "It's sort of a play on the 'kill whitey' thing". A second painting entitled "Judith Beheading Holofernes" also features a modern-day black woman as Judith and a white woman as Holofernes, challenging the viewer's expectations of this familiar motif, inviting political readings, and "bending a violent image from art history—which is rife with them [...]—to the needs of a country that is reexamining the violent underpinnings of even its most benign-seeming traditions." Art critic Walter Robinson remarks that this reimagining of the Judith/Holofernes story "suggests, with a jovial brutality, that Judith would prefer to be done with white standards of beauty."


title: Kehinde Wiley

text: Much of Wiley's work focuses on male figures. This is an intentional choice by Wiley to reflect on the lack of female figures in art history in portraits due to societal norms. The way in which Wiley positions his figures and how he paints them switches the feminine and masculine roles. He emphasizes features of his Black figures that eroticizes them in a way women were traditionally portrayed. He focuses on their bodies, includes motifs like sperm that reference their vitality, and poses them in vulnerable positions. The floral and decorative backgrounds put into question the idea of masculinity. The patterns of lace and flowers are often associated with femininity and by submerging his male figures in these ornate backgrounds, Wiley acknowledges the beauty and youth of his subjects.


title: Kehinde Wiley

text: Wiley's intent when he began to create these ornate portraits was to re-image Black men's depiction in art. The way he has his models pose, in similar positions and stances as the original figures in classical paintings, is meant to act as commentary for the historical power dynamic of African American men and white men. In the recreation of these 18th century portraits, modern black men that he meets on the streets are taking the place of the original subjects, they are assuming their position or power. He paints them as people who are worthy of being noticed, rather than background elements or in subservient positions. Wiley is also creating a portrayal of African American men that is not often seen in the media today. Wiley challenges a perception that has been continually pushed onto society. Rather than depict them as angry or tough, he creates portraits where the figures are dignified, confident, and at times vulnerable. The figures are in poses in ways that do not always align with what is considered masculine for black men today.


title: Kehinde Wiley

text: Wiley’s portrait paintings are known for their bright and colorful backgrounds. These intricate backgrounds are purposefully different from the portraits they are based on. The original backdrops of the classical portraits Wiley uses for his references are full of sweeping estates, their families, and other possessions. Wiley instead creates detailed backgrounds full of bright patterns that at times enter the foreground in front of the figures. His intent is to create a background that just like his figures is competing to be noticed and blend the two in order to elevate the figures. The background imagery is meant to add a layered complexity to the work.


title: Kehinde Wiley

text: Wiley draws inspiration for these designs from historical work from the Rococo and Neoclassical art period as well as elaborate wallpapers. The original portraits that Wiley recreates would have hung in lavish homes of the wealthy amongst other extremely detailed ornaments to further enhance the wealth of the homeowners. By replicating these patterns and motifs from opulent decor and other elements of interior design and encapsulating his figures within them, Wiley is recreating a similar sense of wealth with his portraits. Viewers are led to re-contextualize their view of the urban figures as they associate them with the lavish backdrops.


title: Kehinde Wiley

text: In October 2011, Wiley received the t of the Year Award from the New York City Art Teachers Association/United Federation of Teachers. He also received "Canteen Magazine". Two of Wiley's paintings were featured on the top of 500 New York City taxi cabs in early 2011 as a collaboration with the Art Production Fund.


title: Kehinde Wiley

text: Puma AG commissioned Wiley to paint four portraits of prominent African soccer players. Patterns from his paintings were incorporated into Puma athletic gear. The complete series, "Legends of Unity: World Cup 2010," was exhibited in early 2010 at Deitch Projects in New York City.


title: Kehinde Wiley

text: His work was exhibited in the National Portrait Gallery as part of the "Recognize" exhibit in 2008. "Kehinde Wiley: A New Republic", was a retrospective at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (Richmond, VA), in the summer of 2016 (June 11 – September 5). It displayed nearly 60 of his paintings and sculptures.


title: Kehinde Wiley

text: Wiley has kept his personal life private but acknowledges that he identifies as a gay man. In reference to his sexuality Wiley has said "my sexuality is not black and white. I am a gay man who has drifted. I am not bi. I've had perfectly pleasant romances with women, but they weren't sustainable. My passion wasn't there. I would always be looking at guys."


title: Kehinde Wiley

text: Between 2014 and 2018, he created Black Rock Senegal in Yoff, an artist residence designed by Senegalese architect Abib Djenne.


title: Lore Olympus

text: Lore Olympus is a romance webcomic created by New Zealand artist Rachel Smythe. The comic is a modern retelling of the relationship between the Greek goddess and god Persephone and Hades. It began publishing weekly on the platform Webtoon in March 2018. "Lore Olympus" is currently the most popular comic on Webtoon; as of November 2022, it has 1.2 billion views and 6.1 million subscribers. The comic has won a Harvey Award, an Eisner Award, and received nominations for a Ringo Award. It was announced in 2019 that a television adaptation was under development.


title: Lore Olympus

text: "Lore Olympus" is an adaptation of the classic Greek myth "The Abduction of Persephone" in a mostly modern setting. The webcomic includes modern technology such as smartphones, sports cars, and tabloids. However, scenes in the realm of the mortals take place in the time of the original myths. The comic deals with strong themes of rape, harassment, abuse, and trauma.


title: Lore Olympus

text: The story begins with Hades attending a party of his brother, Zeus's, after his partner, Minthe, stood him up. Persephone has been allowed to leave the mortal realm and study at university at Olympus by her mother, Demeter. Hades takes notice of Persephone at the party, and comments to his brothers, Zeus and Poseidon that Persephone's beauty rivals that of Aphrodite. Out of jealousy, Aphrodite calls her son, Eros, to get Persephone extremely intoxicated, and they leave her in the back seat of Hades' car in an attempt to have her embarrass herself in front of him. After their initial encounter from this incident, Hades and Persephone both express an interest in each other, but Persephone still struggles with her emotions, due an earlier plot point that happened in the comic–she was raped by Apollo. Aside from this rape being traumatizing, she struggles with her current association of being a prospective member and a recipient of an academic scholarship from The Goddesses of Eternal Maidenhood (TGOEM), a group of sacred virgin goddesses that consists of Artemis, Athena, and Hestia.


title: Lore Olympus

text: Plots in season one of the webcomic include Persephone seeking Hades' help to bring back friends who died when mortals uprooted sacred plants; a scheme by Minthe, Thanatos and Thetis to ruin Persephone's reputation; the rape of Persephone by Apollo; and Persephone's conflicted thoughts over a college scholarship that requires her to refrain from sex.


title: Lore Olympus

text: Plots in season two include Persephone going missing, the abduction of Persephone, and Hades and Persephone's growing relationship.


title: Lore Olympus

text: The characters in "Lore Olympus" are each defined by a particular color. According to columnist Nahlia Bonfiglo, "Hades is depicted in dark colors—blues, purples, and blacks—that match his setting. The underworld is likewise illustrated in dark hues, making Persephone and all of her bold, bright colors pop even more."


title: Lore Olympus

text: The webcomic updates weekly on Webtoon, and readers with the "Webtoon Fast Pass" can access pages earlier. As of August 2022, over 200 episodes have been published, and Smythe said that she had an ending in mind for the series.


title: Lore Olympus

text: On November 2, 2021 both hardcover and trade paperback versions consisting of chapters 1-25 of the webcomic were published by Del Rey Books. Volume 2, which contains chapters 26-49, was released July 5, 2022. Volume 3, which contains chapters 50-75, was released October 11, 2022. Volume 4, which contains chapters 76-102, is set to be released June 6, 2023.


title: Lore Olympus

text: In 2019, Webtoon announced that "Lore Olympus" had been viewed over 299 million times, making it the most viewed webcomic on the platform. As of September 2021, "Lore Olympus" is the most popular webtoon on the platform, with over 5.4 million subscribers.


title: Lore Olympus

text: In an article for "The Daily Dot", columnist Nahila Bonfiglio recommended the webcomic, saying: "There are many reasons to read Lore Olympus, but the simplest is to see Smythe's brilliant take on the myth. Her story is flawlessly enthralling, heartwarming, and painful. The characters confront timeless issues through a modern lens, breaking down the romanticization of rape and abduction with grace and intrigue. Smythe updates the series every Sunday, and new readers will find themselves awaiting that notification with bated breath." Bonfiglio also praised the art, saying: "[Smythe's] captivating way of telling her tale often involves carefully considered colors, panels completely without words and even—sometimes—music."


title: Lore Olympus

text: "The Beat" declared "Lore Olympus" to be one of the 100 best comics of the 2010s, describing Smythe's art as "breathtaking" and making good use of the webtoon format, and saying that the modern setting made the story "feel as fresh and urgent as eavesdropping on your (very wealthy, very messy) neighbors."


title: Lore Olympus

text: "Critical Darlings" reviewer Kaitlin Konecke said that "the drawings allow us to "see" how Persephone "feels". It's a visceral way to tell a story, with graphics allowing us to see inside the mind of Persephone and convey the complicated array of emotions that follow a trauma such as sexual assault and rape." Konecke also praised the depiction of assault from a female writer, saying that Smythe and others "are not just telling us, but showing us. And in doing so, they make women and survivors feel seen."


title: Lore Olympus

text: A reviewer for "Love in Panels!" praised the decision to give Persephone more agency than in the original story, saying that "it's that agency, her claiming of her own body and sexuality, that pulls me like a magnet to these tales." Nicole Mejias of "Crunchyroll" said that while the story is a "bit mature and dramatic," the suspense and romance between Hades and Persephone is gripping, while the "art is colorful and gorgeous."


title: Lore Olympus

text: In October 2019, "Deadline" reported that the Jim Henson Company had entered into a partnership with Webtoon to create an animated series based on "Lore Olympus". This partnership is Webtoon's first adaptation deal. It is unclear whether Smythe would be involved in the adaptation.


title: Lore Olympus

text: "Lore Olympus" is written and illustrated by New Zealander Rachel Smythe (aged ). Smythe graduated with a graphic design degree and sought to enter the creative industry without success, and went into marketing. Smythe learned about the Webtoon app in 2016 and began drawing "Lore Olympus" in April 2017. By late 2017, Webtoon offered to pay her for creating the comic. Smythe works 70-hour-weeks on the comic.


title: Disappearance of William Tyrrell

text: William Tyrrell (born 26 June 2011) is an Australian boy who disappeared at the age of three from Kendall, New South Wales, on 12 September 2014. He had been playing at his foster grandmother's house with his sister, and was wearing a Spider-Man suit at the time of his disappearance. For the first seven years of the investigation, Tyrrell was believed to have been abducted. On 12 September 2016, a reward of was offered for the recovery of Tyrrell and did not require the arrest, charging or conviction of any person or persons.


title: Disappearance of William Tyrrell

text: On 15 November 2021, after receiving new evidence, the New South Wales Police Force renewed the search for Tyrrell in three areas surrounding Kendall, assuming that they were searching for human remains. On 17 November, major media reported that Tyrrell's foster mother and now-deceased foster grandmother were being treated as persons of interest in his disappearance. The police began investigating the possibility of a fall from a balcony on the property.


title: Disappearance of William Tyrrell

text: On 11 September 2014, three-year-old William Tyrrell, his foster parents, and his five-year-old sister travelled four hours from Sydney to visit his foster grandmother in Kendall. His foster grandmother's house on Benaroon Drive is directly across a bush road from the Kendall State Forest, about south of Port Macquarie.


title: Disappearance of William Tyrrell

text: Between 10:00 and 10:25 am on 12 September, Tyrrell and his sister were playing hide-and-seek in the front and back yard, while his foster mother and foster grandmother were sitting outside watching them. His foster mother went inside to make a cup of tea; she became worried after she had not heard him for five minutes and began searching the yard and house. Shortly after, Tyrrell's foster father returned after going to Lakewood on business and began searching the street and door-knocking neighbours.


title: Disappearance of William Tyrrell

text: At 10:56, Tyrell's foster mother phoned 000 emergency services to report him missing. The New South Wales Police Force arrived at 11:06. His foster mother's last memory was that Tyrrell was imitating a tiger's roar while running towards the side of the home, and then there was silence and he had disappeared. His foster mother looked for him but without success.


title: Disappearance of William Tyrrell

text: Hundreds of police, members of the State Emergency Service and the Rural Fire Service, and members of the community searched day and night for Tyrrell. Specialist police, including the sex crimes squad from Strike Force, became involved. Motorcycles and helicopters were brought in to search. Two hundred volunteers searched overnight, hundreds of people combed rugged terrain around the home and police divers searched waterways and dams. Police searched every house in the estate that surrounds Benaroon Drive several times. Detection dogs were brought in and managed to detect Tyrrell's scent, but only within the boundaries of the backyard.


title: Disappearance of William Tyrrell

text: "Strike Force Rosann" was established with specially trained investigators from the State Crime Command who were experienced in the unexplained disappearance of young children. They supported the police, other emergency services workers and members of the public involved in the search. After five days, police said they were unable to come up with any leads.


title: Disappearance of William Tyrrell

text: Police later began investigations into finding the drivers of two cars that were seen parked on the dead-end road on the morning Tyrrell disappeared. The cars, described as a white station wagon and an older-style grey sedan, were parked between two driveways of the acre lot of land. They were seen with their driver's side windows down and were unknown in a neighbourhood where locals were considered friends. These cars were noticed by Tyrrell's foster mother and have not been seen again since the time he disappeared. The police regard these particular vehicles with suspicion, as there seemed to be no logical reason why they would be parked on the street before Tyrrell's disappearance.


title: Disappearance of William Tyrrell

text: Reportedly, at 9:00 am, a green or grey sedan car drove past the Benaroon Drive residence while Tyrrell and his sister were riding bikes in the driveway. The car drove into the no through road, did a U-turn in the neighbour's driveway and drove out of the street. Secondly, another 4WD was sighted driving out of Benaroon Drive at about 10:30 am, about the time Tyrell disappeared. The same vehicle was later seen speeding down another Kendall street. The police said that they have known about these cars since the investigation started. However, as part of investigative strategy, the information about these vehicles was not released to the public until twelve months after Tyrrell disappeared.


title: Disappearance of William Tyrrell

text: Police cleared Tyrrell's family of any involvement in the disappearance and initially believed the boy was abducted by an opportunistic stranger who may have a connection with a paedophile ring. Police also believed that the boy could be alive in the hands of a group of people suspected of paedophile activity, but it was eventually determined that the kidnapper was a member of a paedophile ring. Investigators have interviewed dozens of people, including a number of paedophiles. "A Current Affair" reported that about twenty registered sex offenders were living in the surrounding area of Kendall where Tyrrell went missing.


title: Disappearance of William Tyrrell

text: Two persons of interest in the case, both convicted child sex offenders, may have met up on the day Tyrrell vanished. The family of one paedophile, who had ninety convictions against his name including aggravated indecent assault of a minor, said he was going to visit another child sex offender on that day and returned home drunk that afternoon, but told police he spent that day in the bush collecting scrap metal. It was reported that both men lived in the Kendall area and had been driving vehicles that matched the description of the grey sedan and white station wagon that had been seen near the Benaroon Drive residence around the time Tyrell disappeared. They also had been members of an organisation called GAPA (Grandparents As Parents Again) and were friends. The pair were both questioned by the police and categorically denied being friends, or having any involvement in the disappearance.


title: Disappearance of William Tyrrell

text: Another man who repaired a washing machine at the Benaroon Drive residence faced unrelated historical child sex charges in Victoria and was due to appear in court on 4 July 2016. The police had charged the man with multiple child sexual offences, including various counts of indecent assault and sexual intercourse with children between 1983 and 1985 in Victoria. The man posted an online video in September 2015 denying any involvement in the Tyrrell disappearance and was not present on Benaroon Drive on the day the boy vanished. It was eventually confirmed that the man had been elsewhere on the morning of the disappearance, and all of the charges relating to historical offences were dropped or dismissed. The man sued the New South Wales Police Force for damages in relation to misfeasance in public office, abuse of process and malicious prosecution. In December of 2022, the Supreme Court of New South Wales awarded him $1.48 million damages plus interest.


title: Disappearance of William Tyrrell

text: More than 1,000 suspected sightings were reported to the investigation team in the two years after Tyrrell disappeared. They include a photo taken of a man and a young boy from Queensland, the latter of whom looked strikingly similar to Tyrrell. However, twenty-four hours later, police received another call to confirm that the boy was not him. In early 2015, two passengers and a member of a New Zealand-bound flight crew thought they saw Tyrrell on their aeroplane. The police met the aircraft at the airport and soon discovered it was not him. Another photo showed a young boy and a woman in a McDonald's restaurant in central Queensland. The boy looked similar to Tyrrell, and the woman who was with the boy looked like his grandmother; police later confirmed that the mother and boy were not them.


title: Disappearance of William Tyrrell

text: On 16 September 2014, Strike Force Rosann was established to investigate Tyrrell's disappearance. It consisted of fourteen detectives and analysts working full-time to solve the case. The team also sifted through hundreds of pieces of information pouring in from the public. The ramped-up investigation came after a personal plea from Tyrrell's parents to members of State Parliament, Deputy Premier and Minister for Justice, at a private event in late 2015. The family spokesperson said that "They just want to reinforce that police believe he could still be alive and they're just asking members of the public not to give up on him." The investigation became the state's largest, involving dozens of analysts, investigators and two strike forces: Rosann, run by the Homicide Squad, and Rosann Two, which provided assistance from the Armed Holdup, Sex Crimes and Fraud Squads.


title: Disappearance of William Tyrrell

text: On 12 September 2016, the second anniversary of Tyrrell's disappearance, the NSW government announced a $1 million reward for information on his whereabouts. The police say that the reward will usually be paid out as conditional on the arrest and conviction of the offender, but the recovery of Tyrrell had been added as a condition on this reward. It is the largest ever reward offered to find a missing person in NSW's history and double the amount of the state's previously highest standing reward of $500,000, attached to the 1999 case of murdered teenager Michelle Bright.


title: Disappearance of William Tyrrell

text: The case has led to a record number of over 2,800 calls to NSW Crime Stoppers alone since Tyrrell disappeared. The police have interviewed more than 1,000 people in connection with the case. There have been 11,000 documents created by the police. The search has gone global as far as Europe and the US. Crime Stoppers websites in up to 26 countries have been asked by the Australian Federal Police to post an appeal for information about the case. The police have identified 690 persons of interest to their inquiry and have called in other specialist squads within the State Crime Command to investigate many such persons as low-priority targets so that the rest are being questioned by "Strike Force Rosann". "The Australian" reported that it is possible detectives have already interviewed the person or persons involved.


title: Disappearance of William Tyrrell

text: On 12 June 2018, police announced that they will undertake a "large-scale forensic search" in bushland around Kendall, which will last for three to four weeks and be run by search experts from the Public Order and Riot Squad.


title: Disappearance of William Tyrrell

text: On 15 November 2021, NSW police announced that they had received new evidence and were renewing the search for Tyrrell in three regions surrounding the town of Kendall, this time with the assumption that they would be finding his remains.


title: Disappearance of William Tyrrell

text: Tyrrell was in foster care at the time of his disappearance which prevented his biological parents from being named for legal reasons. The legal reasons bound by the legislation prevented them being identified publicly or holding any press conferences for the purpose of appealing publicly about their missing son. On 24 August 2017, the New South Wales Supreme Court of Appeal ruled that Tyrrell's status as a foster child and the fact he disappeared while in state care with foster parents was "one of legitimate public interest". His parents were previously allowed to speak during a "60 Minutes" interview on the condition that they did not show their faces.


title: Disappearance of William Tyrrell

text: The father of murdered teenager Daniel Morcombe had criticised the NSW government's refusal to allow Tyrrell's parents to speak publicly about their son's disappearance as it was vital in helping to generate information that was then followed up by the police. They also feared the decision may have hindered the police investigation during the crucial weeks following Tyrrell's disappearance. But the NSW government released a statement saying its "key priority is to always act in the interests of the safety and wellbeing of children and not in any way to jeopardise ongoing police investigations".


title: Disappearance of William Tyrrell

text: Despite various search efforts and forensic testing, police do not know what happened to Tyrrell. In June 2015, Detective Inspector Gary Jubelin commented that the investigation into the disappearance of Tyrrell remains a priority for the NSW Police Force and said that the investigators would treat the case as though he was alive, until they had evidence proving otherwise. On 20 February 2016, a police spokesperson said that the ongoing investigation was one of the biggest investigations being run by homicide and that they have not given up hope of finding Tyrrell alive. On 15 November 2021, Detective Chief Superintendent Darren Bennett stated that "It's highly likely that if we found something it would be a body. We are looking for the remains of William Tyrrell, no doubt about that".


title: Disappearance of William Tyrrell

text: In April 2022, Tyrrell's foster mother was charged with giving false or misleading information about the boy’s disappearance to a NSW Crime Commission hearing. She was found not guilty in November 2022.


title: Circuit Gilles Villeneuve

text: The Circuit Gilles Villeneuve, also spelled "Circuit Gilles-Villeneuve" (), is a motor racing circuit in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is the venue for the FIA Formula One Canadian Grand Prix. It has previously hosted the FIA World Sportscar Championship, the Champ Car World Series, the NASCAR Pinty’s Series, the NASCAR Xfinity Series and the Grand-Am Rolex Sports Car Series.


title: Circuit Gilles Villeneuve

text: The Canadian Grand Prix was first held at the circuit in 1978, where hometown hero Gilles Villeneuve (1950–1982) won for Scuderia Ferrari. The Grand Prix quickly became a mainstay of the Formula One calendar, with the race taking place in Montreal for the next thirty years. Once held in late September, the event was moved to its present location on the calendar of mid-June in 1982, so as to provide a warmer, more pleasant race weekend. Many great races have occurred at the track over the years, cementing its reputation as a truly unpredictable venue. However, the race was dropped from the 2009 Formula One calendar and replaced with the inaugural Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, after running over two decades uninterrupted. On November 27, 2009, Quebec's officials and Canadian Grand Prix organizers announced a settlement with Formula One Administration and signed a new five-year contract spanning the 2010–2014 seasons.


title: Circuit Gilles Villeneuve

text: The 2011 edition took place on June 12 at 1:00 pm (17:00 UTC) and was the longest World Championship Grand Prix ever, due to a lengthy rain delay.


title: Circuit Gilles Villeneuve

text: Originally named the Île Notre-Dame Circuit, the circuit was built and finished in 1978. In what has proven to be the venue's main event over the decades, the FIA Formula One Canadian Grand Prix had been part of the Formula One World Championship for 10 years, and it was previously held at Mosport Park near Toronto on 8 occasions and in 1968 and 1970, the Mont-Tremblant circuit in Quebec. With safety concerns with Mosport blighting the 1977 event, it was decided to move the race to the new circuit in Montréal. In 1982, it was renamed in honour of Canadian Formula One driver Gilles Villeneuve, father of Jacques Villeneuve, following his death earlier in the year. The circuit is located in a part of the city of Montréal known as Parc Jean-Drapeau. The park is named after the mayor of Montréal who was responsible for the organization of Expo 67.


title: Circuit Gilles Villeneuve

text: The race circuit is on Notre Dame Island, a man-made island in the St. Lawrence River most of which was originally built up for the Expo in 1967. Saint Helen's Island to the northwest was artificially enlarged for the Expo '67 fairgrounds and a prominent remnant of the fair, the Biosphere can be regularly seen during television coverage of racing events.


title: Circuit Gilles Villeneuve

text: Almost half of the track – from the hairpin turn until after the pit area – runs alongside the "Olympic Basin", a huge rectangular basin which was created for the rowing and canoeing events of Montréal's 1976 Summer Olympics.


title: Circuit Gilles Villeneuve

text: Over the winter of 2018-19 the paddock was torn down and completely rebuilt before the Grand Prix. The old paddock had been in use since 1988.


title: Circuit Gilles Villeneuve

text: Barriers run close to the circuit and many experienced drivers have been caught out by them. A particularly famous part of the circuit is the wall on the outside of the exit of the final chicane before the start/finish straight. In 1999 the wall, which bears the name "Bienvenue au Québec" ("Welcome to Quebec") giving it the nickname "Mur du Québec" ("Quebec Wall"), ended the race of three Formula One World Champions, Damon Hill, Michael Schumacher and Jacques Villeneuve along with FIA GT champion Ricardo Zonta. Since then the wall has been nicknamed "The Wall of Champions". In subsequent years, 2009 world champion Jenson Button (2005) and four time World Champion Sebastian Vettel (2011, during free practice) also became victims of the wall.


title: Circuit Gilles Villeneuve

text: For the first few years of its existence, the track consisted of technical, medium speed chicanes and a relatively low overall lap speed. However, over the years the circuit has transformed into a power track, with straight line speed being very much a priority. Between 1986 and 1988 (with a one-year hiatus occurring in 1987), the pitlane and start-finish straight were relocated from the hairpin to the exit of the fast right-left chicane, which became the final corner. After the fatal crashes of Roland Ratzenberger and Ayrton Senna at Imola earlier in the year, in 1994 a chicane was inserted between the Casino corner and the hairpin to decrease top speed. The 1996 race saw both the chicane and the Casino corner removed and the layout changed; the run from the hairpin at the bottom of the circuit was turned into a straight.


title: Circuit Gilles Villeneuve

text: In 2002 the exit of the pitlane was changed to make exiting the pitlane safer for drivers. This also shortened the length of the circuit.


title: Circuit Gilles Villeneuve

text: Changes made in 2005 to the curbs on the final chicane were controversial amongst drivers in the run-up to the Grand Prix. The curbs were made higher and more difficult for the drivers to see, making it even more challenging.


title: Circuit Gilles Villeneuve

text: On June 23, 2006, the Canadian Press reported that the city of Montréal had awarded exclusive rights to stage the two allowed race weekends on the track to Normand Legault, promoter of the Formula One Canadian Grand Prix. The deal was for 2007 to 2011, with an option for 2012 to 2016. Legault decided to replace the Champ Car race with races from the Grand American Road Racing Association's Rolex Series and NASCAR's Nationwide Series, respectively – the latter series' first race north of the Canada-United States border. On August 4, 2007, Kevin Harvick made history by winning the first NASCAR Busch Series (now Xfinity Series) race at Circuit Gilles Villeneuve in what was one of the most controversial NASCAR races ever, as Robby Gordon claimed to have won the race. The NASCAR races have affected the circuit layout. An expansion of the pit lane took place, since a NASCAR pit lane must accommodate a minimum of 43 cars. The 2008 race made history as the first NASCAR race to run on rain tires.


title: Circuit Gilles Villeneuve

text: In 2017, due to the higher cornering speeds of the new Formula One cars and the new safety requirements imposed by the FIA, the circuit had additional Tecpro barriers installed, following the removal of older tire barriers by May 2017. With the 2017 technical regulations, experts predicted the F1 cars to be quicker by three to five seconds a lap in June at Montréal. 2017's F1 event also saw a change to the exit of the last chicane (the Wall of Champions) with its angle modified, because the FIA found it was dangerous.


title: Circuit Gilles Villeneuve

text: The complex of turns one and two has become known as the Senna 'S'. From a bird's eye view turns one and two together can represent an 'S' shape. Since the pit-exit was redesigned merging into turn two, the 'S' shape is not so evident on first glance.


title: Circuit Gilles Villeneuve

text: The very fast Pont de la Concorde corner (Turn 8) is after the bridge underpass and is known as a 'quick kink' before Turn 9 and the rush to a passing zone at the Hairpin curve.


title: Circuit Gilles Villeneuve

text: Turn 10 at Île Notre-Dame is probably the best example of a 180° hairpin turn design with full wheel lock during F1 competition. The various lines taken entering the hairpin curve can lead to overtaking on the apex, or exit during race competition. Braking too late can see cars offline into the runoff area, and some spinning in front of packed grandstands. Many overtakes can be seen at this location due to engine differences and drivers' skills.


title: Circuit Gilles Villeneuve

text: Entering turns 12 & 13 drivers encounter one of the best passing zones, completing the long straight after the hairpin. Many duels have been seen exiting turn 12 with some race cars deciding to cut corner 13 into the run-off, with many going a bit 'too hot' apexing Turn 13 and not exiting intact. Turn 14 is dubbed the "Wall of Champions" after three former Drivers' World Champions found the outside wall in the 1999 race. In Formula 1 races, a car damaged after gracing the Wall of Champions brings out a Safety Car or VSC. The exit barrier is poignantly marked with advertising by Tourisme Québec ("Bonjour Québec"; “Bienvenue au Québec” in previous years) during the F1 event.


title: Circuit Gilles Villeneuve

text: As part of Parc Jean-Drapeau, the Circuit is open to visitors, between races, for walking, running, biking, in-line skating, and driving. During the few days of the Grand Prix, Notre Dame Island is one of the noisiest places in Montréal. Other times of the year, it is one of the quietest, being located in the middle of a river, on an island filled with greenery and animals, joggers and cyclists. However, on June 4, 2009, administration of Notre Dame Island has forbidden the access of competitive cyclists to the circuit, justifying this as a security measure to avoid the increasing injuries that occurred between year 2008 and 2009. A total of 27 injuries have been reported. The ban on cyclists has since been lifted due to protests.


title: Circuit Gilles Villeneuve

text: As the Circuit Gilles Villeneuve serves as host to different racing series, it is possible to directly compare different race series' lap times.


title: Circuit Gilles Villeneuve

text: In 2006, the last time Champ Car and F1 ran on the same track, Formula One was 5 to 7 seconds faster than Champ Car. The fastest lap in the Formula One race was 1:15.841 by Kimi Räikkönen, while Sébastien Bourdais's fastest lap was 1:22.325 in the Champ Car race.


title: Circuit Gilles Villeneuve

text: 2007 NASCAR Busch Series driver Patrick Carpentier racing in the NAPA Auto Parts 200, posted a pole time of 1:42.086. The pole time at the 2012 NAPA Auto Parts 200 was 1:40.865 by Alex Tagliani.


title: Circuit Gilles Villeneuve

text: The track record for the Rolex Sports Car Series is 1:32.620. The time was set by Scott Pruett driving for Chip Ganassi Racing in the Daytona Prototype class in 2010.


title: Circuit Gilles Villeneuve

text: The fastest ever lap around the circuit was set by Sebastian Vettel with a time of 1:10.240 set in qualifying (Q3) for the 2019 Canadian Grand Prix. As this time was set during qualifying, it is not recognized as an official lap record. Lewis Hamilton set the previous lap record with a time of 1:11.459 during qualifying for the 2017 Canadian Grand Prix, earning him pole position. This was Hamilton's 65th pole position which put him level with Ayrton Senna in the F1 history books. After qualifying, Hamilton was awarded a helmet that belonged to his hero as a celebration. This helmet was sent by Senna's family and was awarded to an emotional Hamilton in front of the crowd.


title: ACT New Zealand

text: ACT New Zealand, known simply as ACT (), is a right-wing, classical-liberal political party in New Zealand. According to former party leader Rodney Hide, ACT's values are "individual freedom, personal responsibility, doing the best for our natural environment and for smaller, smarter government in its goals of a prosperous economy, a strong society, and a quality of life that is the envy of the world". Young ACT is an associated (albeit unofficial) student wing.


title: ACT New Zealand

text: The name is an acronym of Association of Consumers and Taxpayers, which was founded in 1993 by Roger Douglas and Derek Quigley and became a political party for the 1996 election. An associate of Douglas, Richard Prebble served as party leader from 1996 to 2004. Under Prebble's leadership the party held nine seats in Parliament. Rodney Hide served as leader from 2004 to 2011. ACT was briefly led by former National Party leader Don Brash for the 2011 election, after which the party caucus was reduced to one seat.


title: ACT New Zealand

text: ACT gave support to the Fifth National Government from to 2017. It is currently led by David Seymour, who became the party's leader in October 2014 and has been an elected MP of the party since September 2014. During the 2017 election, ACT retained its sole seat in Epsom and received 0.5% of the party vote. Benefiting from the collapse of the National Party vote, ACT won 7.6% of the party vote and 10 seats in the 2020 election, its best result since its founding.


title: ACT New Zealand

text: ACT states that it adheres to classical-liberal and small government principles coupled with what the party considers as a high regard for individual freedom and personal responsibility. ACT sets out its values:


title: ACT New Zealand

text: ACT has been characterised as a classical liberal and libertarian party, although its stances have changed under successive leadership and the party's support base has drawn a big tent and a broad church of voters. ACT's platform featured conservative populist policies under former leaders Richard Prebble (1996–2004) and Rodney Hide (2004–2011). Under the current leadership of David Seymour, commentators have identified a shift in policy to a more libertarian outlook. The party has also been variously defined as subscribing to libertarian conservatism, conservative liberalism, right-wing populism, and social conservatism; the latter two of these tendencies have become marginalised at present in the party but still visible among ACT's supporters and grassroots activists. Seymour has stated that he does not view populism as the way to govern a country or stimulate growth, and has accused the centre-left New Zealand Labour Party of engaging in populism in its business, spending and tax policies.


title: ACT New Zealand

text: ACT wants to reduce or remove some government programmes which it sees as unnecessary and wasteful and to increase self-reliance by encouraging individuals to take responsibility to pay for services traditionally paid for by the government. Under leader Rodney Hide, ACT New Zealand had primarily focused on two main policy areas: taxation and crime (law and order issues). At the 2011 general election, ACT advocated lowering tax rates and also supported something approaching a flat tax, in which tax rates would not be graduated based on wealth or income, so every taxpayer would pay the same proportion of their income in tax. The flat tax rate that ACT proposed was approximately 15% with no tax on the first $25,000 for those who opt out of state-provided accident, sickness and healthcare cover. , the party proposes reducing GST and decreasing the marginal tax rate paid by those on the median wage; however it currently does not advocate a flat tax rate.


title: ACT New Zealand

text: At the 2020 general election, the party campaigned on a broad policy platform. It prioritised economic recovery ("see: "), keeping national debt low, and signing up to a CANZUK agreement which would enable free movement of people and goods between the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Canada and Australia. The party wants to protect freedom of expression and limit funding for universities that do not uphold freedom of speech on campus. It supports immigration while it calls for compulsory measures for immigrants to assimilate and limiting citizenship or permanent residency to those who pledge to uphold the values of New Zealand.


title: ACT New Zealand

text: ACT has a contradictory stance on law and order issues. On its website, it states "that all New Zealanders should have the same fundamental rights, regardless of race, religion, sexuality or gender" but also says "the rights of victims should trump the rights of criminals." The party has a number of tough on crime policies focused primarily on trying to control gangs. Party leader, David Seymour, wants to reintroduce the three strikes law repealed by the Labour Government, and even impose three year prison sentences, without parole, on anyone who commits three burglaries. ACT advocates repealing restrictive firearms legislation, and taking a "tougher" stance on criminals who repeatedly offend and those found guilty of violent crimes while supporting rehabilitation programs.


title: ACT New Zealand

text: Members of ACT's caucus in parliament voted 5 to 4 in favour of the Civil Union Act 2004 which gave the option of legal recognition to (among others) same-sex couples. A majority also supported the legalisation of brothels by the Prostitution Reform Act 2003. In 2005, both of ACT's MPs, Rodney Hide and Heather Roy, voted for Marriage (Gender Clarification) Amendment Bill 2005 which would have banned possibility of introducing same-sex marriage in New Zealand in the future perspective.


title: ACT New Zealand

text: In 2013, leader John Banks (the party's sole MP from 2011 to 2014) voted in favour of the Marriage (Definition of Marriage) Amendment Bill at its third reading, a law which legalised same-sex marriage in New Zealand.


title: ACT New Zealand

text: ACT leader David Seymour supported the legalisation of assisted dying. In 2018, he introduced a member's bill, the End of Life Choice Bill which aimed to legalise euthanasia in New Zealand. The law passed in 2019, was approved by the public in a 2020 referendum, and will take full effect in 2021. The euthanasia law has been cited as an example of Seymour's cultural liberal personal outlook. In 2020, Seymour voted for Abortion Legislation Act 2020 which introduced abortion on request. However, he criticised a particular aspect of this law which created "free protest zones" which would ban protests near abortion clinics, saying this limits freedom of expression.


title: ACT New Zealand

text: In 2021, ACT expressed support for liberalization of surrogacy law so as to facilitate availability of surrogate services to heterosexual and same-sex couples as well. Currently New Zealand's law permits for getting altruistic surrogacy only.


title: ACT New Zealand

text: ACT also proposes abolition of the Māori electorates seats in parliament, arguing the seats are "an anachronism and offensive to the principle of equal citizenship" and that Māori MPs have been elected in general elections on other lists without special assistance. The party also wants to reduce the number of MPs in parliament to 100 from 120.


title: ACT New Zealand

text: ACT went into the 2008 general election with a policy that in part stated "New Zealand is not warming" and that their policy goal was to ensure "That no New Zealand government will ever impose needless and unjustified taxation or regulation on its citizens in a misguided attempt to reduce global warming or become a world leader in carbon neutrality". In September 2008, ACT Party Leader Rodney Hide stated "that the entire climate change - global warming hypothesis is a hoax, that the data and the hypothesis do not hold together, that Al Gore is a phoney and a fraud on this issue, and that the emissions trading scheme is a worldwide scam and swindle." The former party leader has been branded as an "outspoken Kiwi climate change sceptic". In February 2016, ACT deleted this climate change policy from their website, and party leader David Seymour attacked the Green Party for doing "bugger all for the environment".


title: ACT New Zealand

text: ACT placed Chris Baillie fourth on its party list of candidates in the 2020 election; he has received criticism over his views on climate change, and been labelled a climate change sceptic. In a 2020 report by OraTaiao, the independent New Zealand climate and health council, ACT was listed as a party that would "either make climate change worse or do nothing". It finished in 9th place in the council's pre-election scorecard, scoring 1.1 (one point one) out of 24. However, in the runup to the 2020 election, Environmental Defence Society chief executive Gary Taylor said that even ACT had moved its position from where it had been. While he was largely critical of the party, saying "ACT have been very outspoken about wanting to go hard to repeal a lot of climate change legislation, and I haven't seen much from New Zealand First, mainly just silence." He also stated, "I think the only upside from ACT really on climate change is they do seem to have moved from outright deniers - which is where the party was five years ago. [With] a strong ACT presence you could expect some of their radical and unhelpful policies to potentially be implemented, and that is frankly a scary proposition."


title: ACT New Zealand

text: In early December 2020, the New Zealand Parliament officially declared a climate emergency, of which ACT was critical, stating, "Today's climate emergency was a triumph for post-rational politics with feelings rather than facts driving the Government's response to climate change". The party supports repealing the 2019 "Zero Carbon Act".


title: ACT New Zealand

text: The name comes from the initials of the Association of Consumers and Taxpayers, founded in 1993 by Sir Roger Douglas and Derek Quigley. Douglas and Quigley intended the Association to serve as a pressure-group promoting Rogernomics—the name given to the radical free-market policies implemented by Douglas as Minister of Finance between 1984 and 1988. The Association grew out of the 'Backbone club', a ginger group in the Labour Party that supported Douglas and his policies. In 1996, New Zealand switched to using the MMP electoral system. The new electoral system gave smaller groups a much better chance of entering Parliament, and encouraged the Association to transform into a political party and contest elections. The nascent party's manifesto was based upon a book written by Douglas entitled "Unfinished Business". Douglas served as ACT's first leader, but soon stood aside for Richard Prebble (his old ally from their days in the Labour Party).


title: ACT New Zealand

text: Under Douglas, ACT had languished at 1% in opinion polls, but with Prebble's populist rhetoric the party increased in support. In the , ACT fielded 56 list candidates. Prebble won the electorate, and with 6.10% of the total party vote, ACT also sent seven list MPs to the 45th New Zealand Parliament.


title: ACT New Zealand

text: On 2 December 2004, both Douglas and Quigley announced that they would step down as patrons of ACT. They stated as the reason that they wished to have more freedom to disagree with the party publicly.


title: ACT New Zealand

text: Prebble's sudden departure from the leadership of ACT in 2004 signalled a decline in the party's electoral fortunes. Rodney Hide led ACT into the . It obtained 1.51% of the party vote, but due to winning one electorate did not need to obtain the necessary 5% threshold of the party vote and hence had 1 list MP and 1 electorate MP.


title: ACT New Zealand

text: In the 2008 New Zealand general election, ACT fielded 61 list candidates, starting with Rodney Hide, Heather Roy, Sir Roger Douglas, John Boscawen, David Garrett and Hilary Calvert. The election marked an improvement in ACT's fortunes. Hide retained his Epsom seat and ACT's share of the party vote increased to 3.65% (up from the 1.5% gained in the 2005 election). The combination allowed the party five MPs in total.


title: ACT New Zealand

text: In addition, the National Party won the most seats overall, forming a minority government, the Fifth National Government of New Zealand, with the support of ACT as well as the Māori Party and United Future. John Key offered both Hide and Roy posts as Ministers outside Cabinet: Hide became Minister of Local Government, Minister for Regulatory Reform and Associate Minister of Commerce, while Roy became Minister of Consumer Affairs, Associate Minister of Defence and Associate Minister of Education.


title: ACT New Zealand

text: After 2008, some caucus MPs and organisational members became dissatisfied with ACT's coalition partner status and argued at ACT's national conference (27 February 2010) that there were insufficient fiscal responsibility policy gains for their party and that the National Party had slid from its earlier commitment to the politics of fiscal responsibility over the course of the previous decade. Throughout 2009, there had been at least one reported ACT caucus coup attempt against Hide's leadership, believed to have been led by Deputy Leader Heather Roy and Roger Douglas. However, it faltered when Prime Minister Key supported Hide's retention and threatened a snap election. In addition, the party's polling of a lowly one to two percent in most opinion polls meant only Heather Roy might accompany Hide after any forthcoming general election, if Hide retained ACT's Epsom pivotal electorate seat.


title: ACT New Zealand

text: On 28 April 2011, Hide announced that he was resigning the ACT leadership in favour of former National Party leader and Reserve Bank Governor Don Brash who joined the party that morning. Brash's leadership was unanimously approved by the party board and parliamentary caucus on 30 April. Brash promised to focus the party on controlling government debt, equality between Māori and non-Māori, and rethinking the Emissions Trading Scheme, with a target of getting 15 percent of the party vote in the next election.


title: ACT New Zealand

text: In November 2011, a recording of a conversation held between John Key and the former National Party member and former Mayor of Auckland City John Banks, who had been selected as the new ACT candidate in Epsom, was leaked to "Herald on Sunday". 3 News also obtained copies of the recording suggesting the two politicians were discussing issues related to ACT New Zealand's leadership. Media dubbed the affair teapot tape.


title: ACT New Zealand

text: In the 2011 New Zealand general election, ACT fielded 55 list candidates, starting with new leader Don Brash, Catherine Isaac, Don Nicolson, John Banks, David Seymour and Chris Simmons. The election was a disappointment for ACT, with the party's worst election result since it began in 1996. John Banks retained the Epsom seat for ACT, however the 34.2% majority held by Rodney Hide was severely cut back to 6.3% as large numbers of Labour and Green voters in Epsom tactically split their vote and gave their electorate vote to the National candidate Paul Goldsmith. Nationwide, ACT received only 1.07% of the party vote, placing eighth out of 13 on party vote percentage. As a result, ACT were only entitled to one seat in the new Parliament, filled by John Banks. Subsequently, Don Brash announced that he had stepped down as leader during his speech on election night. Following the 2011 general election John Banks stated that he believed that the ACT brand "...just about had its use-by date..." and needed to be renamed and relaunched.


title: ACT New Zealand

text: Their previous partners, the National Party, again won the most seats overall, and formed a minority government. The Fifth National Government of New Zealand had ACT support as well as that of United Future and the Māori Party, providing the coalition with confidence and supply.


title: ACT New Zealand

text: At the ACT Board meeting of 2 February 2014, Jamie Whyte became the party's leader-elect, and David Seymour was made the ACT candidate for Epsom. Kenneth Wang was appointed deputy leader on 15 April 2014. In the September 2014 general election, Seymour won his seat, and ACT moved from seventh to sixth place, despite a decline in their share of the popular vote. Seymour took over as party leader on 3 October 2014.


title: ACT New Zealand

text: Wang resigned as deputy leader on 9 July 2017, the same day ACT released its party list; Beth Houlbrooke was announced as his replacement.


title: ACT New Zealand

text: The party list had 39 candidates, none of whom were elected. Party leader David Seymour was re-elected in the Epsom electorate, giving the party its only seat.


title: ACT New Zealand

text: In the run-up to the 2020 general election, ACT rose in opinion polls, from under 1% to close to 8%. This rise was attributed to Seymour's personal popularity. Following the election, held on 17 October (postponed from September), ACT increased their share of the popular vote to 7.6%, winning 10 seats including Seymour's Epsom seat and nine from the party list. This is the party's best-ever result. Some political analysists attributed ACT's strong result as partly benefiting from the collapse in support for the National Party and New Zealand First.


title: ACT New Zealand

text: In late April 2021, the ACT party sponsored motion asking the New Zealand Parliament to debate and vote on the issue of human rights abuses against the Uyghur ethnic minority community in China's Xinjiang province. In early May, the incumbent Labour Party revised the motion to raise concerns about human rights abuses in Xinjiang but omitting the term genocide, which was subsequently adopted by the New Zealand Parliament on 5 May. In response, the Chinese Embassy claimed that the motion made "groundless accusations" of human rights abuses against China and constituted an interference in China's internal affairs.


title: ACT New Zealand

text: On 19 May 2021, the ACT Party opposed Green Party MP Golriz Ghahraman's motion calling for Members of Parliament to recognise the rights of Palestinians to self-determination and statehood while reaffirming its support for a two-state solution to the Israel-Palestine conflict. Deputy Leader Van Velden justified ACT's opposition to the Green motion on the basis of Green MP Ricardo Menéndez March's tweet that said "From the river to the sea, Palestine will be free!."


title: ACT New Zealand

text: The ACT party board appoints a leader and deputy leader recommended by the party caucus; when the party leader is not a member of parliament, a separate parliamentary leader is chosen by the caucus. The organisation outside parliament is led by a party president and party vice-president.


title: Stray Kids (TV series)

text: Stray Kids () was a 2017 reality show created by JYP Entertainment and Mnet. It was a male idol debut project with the concept of winning the "trainees versus JYP" survival. It was broadcast on Mnet from October 17 to December 19, 2017, on Tuesdays at 23:00 (KST) timeslot for ten episodes.


title: Stray Kids (TV series)

text: In late July 2017, it was reported that JYP Entertainment (JYPE), home to male idol groups 2PM and Got7 (until their departure in 2021) as well as female idol group Twice, was to premiere a new season of their 2015 reality show "Sixteen" - which debuted "Twice" - in the second half of the year. However, it was revealed the next month that the agency would launch a male idol debut project with a completely different concept from "Sixteen". The show began airing in October 2017 and the line up of the group was finalized in December, with the group having their official debut showcase in March 2018.


title: Stray Kids (TV series)

text: Rather than individuals surviving to become a team, the team was pre-selected and trainees would perform self-composed songs, working towards the goal of debuting together. They were judged based on individual abilities and teamwork through unexpected missions, aiming to win the "trainees versus JYP" survival. The show also featured the behind-the-scenes look at the daily lives of trainees and their yearly showcase held in August.


title: Stray Kids (TV series)

text: On September 21, JYPE revealed the show's title, "Stray Kids", along with its logo and social media channels. The first image teaser featuring the nine members was unveiled on October 9.


title: Stray Kids (TV series)

text: On September 26, 2017, a music video teaser of a song titled "Hellevator" was uploaded online. The full version was scheduled to be released on October 3 but was pushed back to the 6th. The song, co-composed and co-written by 3Racha, was later released as a digital single on November 1.


title: Stray Kids (TV series)

text: Lee Min-ho and Lee Felix were eliminated from the group on the fourth and eighth episode respectively, but were later brought back in the ninth episode.


title: Stray Kids (TV series)

text: In the first episode, JYPE decides to determine the new debuting group by having two teams compete - a female trainees' team named 2team, with members selected by the agency, and a Male Project Team—created by long-time trainee Bang Chan. Both teams receive compliments after performing at the trainee showcase, but Park Jin-young ultimately picks the Male Project Team, consisting of members Bang Chan, Kim Woo-jin, Lee Min-ho, Seo Chang-bin, Hwang Hyun-jin, Han Ji-sung, Lee Felix, Kim Seung-min, and Yang Jeong-in, as the winner due to their teamwork.


title: Stray Kids (TV series)

text: The first mission is revealed; the nine members of the Male Project Team are challenged to compose their own song, as well as perform it, to determine if they can debut altogether without eliminations. One week prior to their performance, the members living outside the dorms move in. After they settle in, the group goes to the arcade to spend some free time. At the JYPE Training Center, the group selects the track they will use for the mission evaluation and starts practicing. On the day of the evaluation, the group announces their name, Stray Kids, and their song titled "Hellevator." After the performance, Park praises the song's lyrics, arrangement and melody, but mentions that the key is too high for male singers. He also notes that there are members who did not meet Park's standards and expectations, which leads to an elimination round.


title: Stray Kids (TV series)

text: Min-ho, Jeong-in and Hyun-jin are at risk of elimination. After giving criticisms, Park re-arranges the members' parts in "Hellevator." For the next mission evaluation, they are tasked to divide the group into three teams for "3:3:3" stage performances. The members decide their own teammates: Min-ho picks Felix and Chang-bin, Hyun-jin picks Seung-min and Chan, and Jeong-in picks Woo-jin and Ji-sung. Five days prior, the teams spend a day off. Min-ho's team have a picnic at Hangang Park, Hyun-jin's team goes to a bowling center, and Jeong-in's team heads to a karaoke room. During the episode, the behind-the-scenes filming for the music video of "Hellevator" is also shown.


title: Stray Kids (TV series)

text: The three teams show their performances to other members for comments and advice. During the second mission evaluation, Hyun-jin's team is first, performing a song titled "4419," which is based on Bang Chan's experiences while riding bus No. 4419 as a trainee in Seoul. Park praises their overall performance. Min-ho's team next performs a song titled "Glow," lyrically about a hardworking team who is practicing until dawn. Chang-bin receives compliments but Felix gets criticized for being unconfident, while Min-ho mixes up his lyrics while performing. Jeong-in's team performs "School Life," a song about students' days and slight rebellion. Ji-sung and Woo-jin both receive compliments, though Park points out their lack of stage presence and dancing skills respectively. Jeong-in is criticized for his rap and dance skills. Jeong-in, Felix and Min-ho are now at risk of getting eliminated. In the end, Min-ho is eliminated from the group.


title: Stray Kids (TV series)

text: Park remarks that Min-ho's skills are still lacking due to a shorter training period compared to the other members. Stray Kids continues with eight members. A few days after Min-ho's elimination, Park gathers the group for a talk and lesson about things to remember while achieving dreams. Afterwards, the group is given a special vacation in Gangneung. They go to the sea, eat at the central market, and play relay skating at the ice rink. At night, they camp out and chat about the hardest mission they've gone through so far, the person who they are most grateful to, and talk about Min-ho. In the end, they watch a video message that Min-ho has prepared.


title: Stray Kids (TV series)

text: Park reveals the third mission: "JYP vs. YG", a longtime tradition of pitting trainees from the two agencies against each other, like the battle in the 2013 Mnet reality television program "Win: Who is Next". A week before the battle, Stray Kids picks their representatives for the vocal, dance and free battle teams. For the vocal team, they are tasked with performing a song by one of YG Entertainment's girl groups. Chan, Woo-jin, Ji-sung, and Jeong-in decide to sing Blackpink's "As If It's Your Last," and remix the song to fit Stray Kids' concept. 3Racha prepares an original rap performance titled "Matryoshka", a rap about staying true to yourself using the motif of Russia's traditional dolls. Park reviews the prepared performances and decides to remove Chan from the rap performance and Jeong-in from the vocal performance.


title: Stray Kids (TV series)

text: On the battle day, the team heads to YG Entertainment headquarters where they meet the other agency's trainees for the first time - including Bang Ye-dam from "K-pop Star 2". In the free battle round, Chang-bin and Ji-sung perform "Matryoshka" without Chan. Yang Hyun-suk and Park praise their performance. Bang Ye-dam of YG performs Shawn Mendes' "There's Nothing Holdin' Me Back" and receives compliments from Park.


title: Stray Kids (TV series)

text: Stray Kids' vocal team, excluding Jeong-in, performs "As If It's Your Last" and finishes without any mistakes. Ji-sung and Woo-jin receive praise from Park and Yang. The YG vocal team performs a remix version of Wonder Girls' "Why So Lonely" and receives high praise overall. For the dance battle, Stray Kids performs an original and unique stage, while the YG trainees perform and receive compliments and some tips from Park. A few days after the third mission, Park invites Stray Kids to a brunch, and reveals the next mission — a busking event. They then go to Hongdae, Seoul to research busking. The members prepare for their upcoming busking event while Jeong-in and Felix also practice hard to avoid elimination.


title: Stray Kids (TV series)

text: Stray Kids' busking event is set to be held in Sinchon. Jun. K of 2PM and Black Eyed Pilseung's Rado are invited to watch the busking as Park's mystery listeners. Got7 members BamBam and Yugyeom and Day6 members Sungjin and Young K also attend the event. Stray Kids performs "Hellevator", "School Life" and a new song titled "YAYAYA". Park criticizes the performances, stating that Chan's vocalization was not stable, Woo-jin could not be recognized as the main vocal and lacks in dancing skill, Hyun-jin's pronunciation was still lacking, and Felix made a dance mistake during "YAYAYA" and his rapping did not stand out because of his difficulty with the Korean language. Hyun-jin, Woo-jin and Felix are chosen for potential elimination. In the end, Felix is eliminated.


title: Stray Kids (TV series)

text: For the final mission, it is announced by Park that there will be a live broadcast and live audience voting. After the announcement, the team re-organizes their choreography to match the seven members configuration. Chan's longtime friend, BamBam of Got7, visits the JYPE Training Center. They go out to eat together and BamBam gives Chan advice. Meanwhile, some of the members have their vocal lessons; Seung-min performs Shawn Mendes' "Stitches", Woo-jin performs Adam Levine's "Lost Stars" and practices his vocalization, and Jeong-in performs "Impossible" by James Arthur. To practice, Hyun-jin performs "MM" for his rap trainer and Chang-bin helps him vocalize. While the team practices choreography, Got7's JB and Jinyoung visit them at the training center. They give the members advice for the live broadcast and comment on their seven-member version of "YAYAYA." At JYPE headquarters, the team records a new original song titled "Young Wings" with composer 1take. The scene then cuts to a week before the recording; Park calls eliminated members Min-ho and Felix back and gives them a second chance debut with the group. It is then revealed that the stages on the live broadcast will each have a seven-member version versus a nine-member version, to help determine the final line-up.


title: Stray Kids (TV series)

text: The live broadcast is held at the CJ E&M Ilsan Studio on December 19, 2017, with Kim Il-joong hosting. A nationwide voting is held to help determine if Stray Kids should debut as a seven-member, or nine-member group. The seven-member version of "YAYAYA" and "Young Wings" is performed first, and Park gives positive remarks for the two stages. Min-ho and Felix join the group to perform the nine-member version of "Hellevator," "School Life," and a new upbeat song titled "Grrr." Jun. K of 2PM performs a special stage as well. The live vote ends with 96% of voters in favor of the nine-member group. Park confirms that the nine members will all debut, commenting: "A robot has no mistakes, but a robot and human are different. When I see a nine-member stage, I still see lacking parts in both of you. But when all nine performs, the expressions are alive. Congratulations, Stray Kids will debut as nine."


title: Stray Kids (TV series)

text: All nine members of Stray Kids officially debuted in March 2018 with the release of their extended play (EP) titled "I Am Not".


The 2022 United States Senate election in Indiana was held on November 8, 2022 to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the state of Indiana. Incumbent Republican Senator Todd Young was reelected to a second term.


title: 2022 United States Senate election in Indiana

text: Young announced on March 2, 2021, that he would be running for a second term. Young was first elected to the Senate in 2016 with 52.1% of the vote, succeeding retiring U.S. Senator Dan Coats. Hammond Mayor Thomas McDermott Jr. ran for the Democratic nomination. Both ran unopposed and won their respective primaries on May 3, 2022.


text: On February 18, 2022, the Indiana Election Commission removed Democratic candidates Haneefah Khaaliq and Valerie McCray, as well as Republican candidate Danny Niederberger, from the primary ballot. On February 4, 2022, McDermott campaign adviser Kevin Smith said the campaign would look closely at whether Khaaliq and McCray met the ballot requirements and that avoiding a primary challenge could benefit McDermott as he entered this year with about $50,000 in campaign cash. Khaaliq then conducted an investigation and discovered that the individual who filed the challenge against both her and McCray was Scott Yahne, an attorney who was a close friend and ally of McDermott.