title: Hal Ashby

text: Initially set to helm "Tootsie" after two years of negotiations and Ashby-directed wig and makeup tests, Lorimar executives blocked him from working on the film because part of the preproduction period overlapped with final work on the long-gestating "Lookin' to Get Out", which was eventually recut by the studio when Ashby's work was deemed to be unsatisfactory. (Decades later, Ashby's cut was rediscovered and released on DVD in 2009.) As Dustin Hoffman had not offered a "formal commitment" to the production at the time of Ashby's dismissal, the director forfeited his $1.5 million fee.


title: Hal Ashby

text: While post-production of "Lookin' to Get Out" continued, Lorimar permitted Ashby to film The Rolling Stones' 1981 American tour documentary, "Let's Spend the Night Together"; the director was a longtime fan of the group. He collapsed before the final filmed concert at Sun Devil Stadium in Tempe, Arizona, on December 13, 1981. Although Jeff Wexler said Ashby was "partying way beyond his capabilities with the Stones", Caleb Deschanel has said that Ashby (who directed the concert shoot on a gurney) simply had the flu. The film was well-received but gained little traction during a limited theatrical release. In September 1983, Ashby directed "Solo Trans", a Neil Young concert video that was released the following year.


title: Hal Ashby

text: "The Slugger's Wife", with a screenplay written by Neil Simon, was a critical and commercial failure. Ashby (whose cocaine use had accelerated throughout the shoot) was fired after delivering a 20-minute rough cut of the beginning of the film that included almost no dialogue. When the Oliver Stone-written "8 Million Ways to Die" fared similarly at the box office, Ashby's post-production process was considered to be such a liability that he was fired by the production company on the final day of principal photography.


title: Hal Ashby

text: Attempting to turn a corner in his declining career, Ashby stopped using drugs, trimmed his hair and beard, and began to frequently attend Hollywood parties wearing a navy-blue blazer so as to suggest that he was once again employable. Despite these efforts, he could only find work as a television director, helming one of three pilots for "Beverly Hills Buntz", an unsuccessful "Hill Street Blues" spinoff starring Dennis Franz. He also directed "Jake's Journey", a sword and sorcery fantasy conceived by Graham Chapman.


title: Hal Ashby

text: Longtime friend Warren Beatty advised Ashby to seek medical care after he complained of various ailments, including undiagnosed phlebitis. He was soon diagnosed with pancreatic cancer that rapidly spread to his lungs, colon, and liver. Ashby died on December 27, 1988, at his home in Malibu, California.


title: Hal Ashby

text: "The Last Detail", "Bound for Glory", "Coming Home", and "Being There" were all nominated for the Palme d'Or.


title: Hal Ashby

text: American songwriter and guitarist Guthrie Thomas, who coordinated the music in "Bound for Glory" and acted in the film, called Ashby "one of the finest motion picture directors of the 20th century."


title: Hal Ashby

text: For the 2012 "Sight & Sound" Directors Top Ten poll Niki Caro, Cyrus Frisch, and Wanuri Kahiu voted for "Harold and Maude", with Frisch describing the film as "an encouragement to think beyond the obvious!"


title: Hal Ashby

text: The moving image collection of Hal Ashby is held at the Academy Film Archive. The material at the Academy Film Archive is also complemented by material in the Hal Ashby papers at the Academy's Margaret Herrick Library.


title: Candice Night

text: Candice Night (born May 8, 1971) is an American singer and musician. She has been the vocalist/lyricist and multi-instrumentalist for the traditional folk rock project Blackmore's Night since its origins in 1997 with her husband, guitarist Ritchie Blackmore. She is also the backing vocalist for Rainbow from 1994–1997 and 2015–present, again with Blackmore. Her first solo album, "Reflections", was released in 2011.


title: Candice Night

text: Born in Hauppauge, Long Island, New York, as Candice Lauren Isralow, she took piano lessons for a couple of years. She began modeling as "Candice Loren" at 12 years of age. She appeared in everything from commercials to print ads, and promoted products at trade shows until her 20s. Night also had her own radio show on a rock music radio station on Long Island, and attended New York Institute of Technology where she studied communications. She is Jewish.


title: Candice Night

text: She was once a Rainbow fan, so she met Ritchie Blackmore to ask him for an autograph in 1989. They talked about ghosts, music, travel, history, and philosophy, gradually became friends, and then lived together from 1991. She provided backing vocals on the instrumental track "Difficult to Cure" in 1993's European tour of Deep Purple. She also provided singing backing vocals on "Ariel", "Black Masquerade", "Wolf to the Moon" and "Hall of the Mountain King" for "Stranger in Us All", the CD by Rainbow, as well as writing lyrics for the four songs on the aforementioned album. Despite her being inexperienced as a professional lead singer, Blackmore encouraged her to become his musical partner. She then wrote lyrics for most of the songs on the first Blackmore's Night album, "Shadow of the Moon" where she supplied lead vocals. Those songs were written with her voice in his mind.


title: Candice Night

text: Night has also composed some full songs, including "Now and Then" on "Under a Violet Moon" (1999) and "3 Black Crows" and "Ivory Tower" on "Ghost of a Rose" (2003). She continues to write all the lyrics for the Blackmore's Night songs and plays nine renaissance and medieval instruments.


title: Candice Night

text: Since then, she has been awarded gold albums and other awards for the music of Blackmore's Night, and has charted internationally with the group's music. Their 2008 release, "Secret Voyage", entered at on the new-age Billboard Charts and stayed there for four weeks, and then held on in the top 10 for an additional 14 weeks. She continues to be involved in music, performing both on CDs and in concert, writing lyrics, singing, and playing medieval instruments: shawm, cornamuse, rauschpfeife, pennywhistle, and chanters.


title: Candice Night

text: In 2006 Night sang on Helloween's "Light the Universe" song from their "" album, and she also appeared In Helloween's music video for that track.


title: Candice Night

text: She played the part of Oria in the rock opera "Story of Aina", with Sass Jordan and Glenn Hughes. She sang three songs on the Beto Vázquez album "Infinity" with Tarja Turunen from Nightwish and Sabine Edelsbacher from Edenbridge. The Blackmore's Night song "Old Mill Inn" was heard in Jim Carrey's December 2008 film "Yes Man".


title: Candice Night

text: She also appears on interactive video screens throughout the US and Japan in the theme park MagiQuest as both Princess Amora and Princess Candice. These parks now have a cooperation throughout the USA. She was also the Faerie Queen for Faerie Magazine for two years, appearing on the cover in spring 2007, and making appearances and performing at the Faerie Festivals throughout the USA.


title: Candice Night

text: Night is also very well known for her charitable contributions towards animal welfare. Throughout the eleven years of the existence of Blackmore's Night, the duo has donated enough funds for the World Wide Fund for Nature to plant 6,000 fruit trees in Borneo for the orangutan habitat; they have donated to the Save the Bats in Berlin; Save the Badgers in England; local animal charities throughout the USA including an annual charity show in which proceeds go to Save A Pet, Little Shelter, Best Friends and North Shore Animal League. They have also donated portions of proceeds of CD sales to the Red Cross to aid the flood victims in Eastern Europe; donated to CO2OL to plant trees in Panama to undo the pollution which their concerts may generate; donated to UNICEF. Other charities with whom they have cooperated include People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals and the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.


title: Candice Night

text: Their daughter, Autumn, was born on May 27, 2010, and was the inspiration for Blackmore's Night's album, "Autumn Sky", which was released in September 2010.


title: Candice Night

text: She made her first solo album "Reflections", which was released in October 2011. All songs were written by Night and consist of mostly soft rock ballads. Her latest solo release is "Starlight, Starbright". Inspired by the birth of her children, this collection of songs are covers of classic favorites as well as new composition meant to bring the listener to the land of dreams.


title: Candice Night

text: In September 2018, Avantasia's mastermind Tobias Sammet announced that she joined the cast for the eighth studio album of the supergroup. She provided co-lead vocals (together with Sammet himself) for the track ""Moonglow"", from the album of the same name (2019).


title: The Sea of Trees

text: The Sea of Trees is a 2015 American drama mystery film directed by Gus Van Sant and written by Chris Sparling. The film stars Matthew McConaughey, Ken Watanabe, Naomi Watts, Katie Aselton and Jordan Gavaris.


title: The Sea of Trees

text: The film is about an American man who attempts suicide in Aokigahara, an infamous suicide hotspot in Japan, where he meets a Japanese man who is there for the same reason. Principal photography began on July 28, 2014, in Foxborough, Massachusetts; the production moved to Japan in September of the same year. It was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival.


title: The Sea of Trees

text: The film was released on August 26, 2016, by A24. It received negative reviews from critics and was a box office bomb, grossing mere $825,577 on a $25 million budget.


title: The Sea of Trees

text: Arthur Brennan, an adjunct physics professor, travels to "Aokigahara" ("The Suicide Forest") with a sealed package. Once there, he attempts to end his life via drug overdose but encounters a Japanese man named Takumi Nakamura. Takumi entered the forest two days prior and slit his wrists for being demoted at work, but soon realized he would miss his wife and daughter. Since then, he has tried to escape the dense sea of trees but cannot find the trail back. Arthur decides to help but the two end up disoriented and lost. To keep their minds occupied, they share details about their lives, including the names of Takumi's wife and daughter: "Kiiro" and "Fuyu."


title: The Sea of Trees

text: Through flashbacks, it is revealed that Arthur lived in a crumbling marriage alongside his wife Joan, a real estate agent. Joan resented Arthur for his affair with Gabriella, his coworker, and always putting his own needs before their needs as a couple. Arthur despised Joan's alcoholism and constant need to demean him for earning less money than her. One night, Joan suffers a heavy nosebleed after a vicious argument. They go to the hospital, where she is diagnosed with a brain tumor. Joan and Arthur slowly rekindle their love for each other. After her surgery, they reminisce about trips to their lake house where Joan would spend hours walking amongst the orchids. He says he will take her there when she is fully recovered.


title: The Sea of Trees

text: Joan is transported to a recovery hospital. Arthur follows behind the ambulance in his car while talking to her on the phone. He jokes about not knowing what her favorite color or season is. Before Joan can respond, a truck plows into the ambulance, killing her. At her funeral, Arthur tells the funeral director he did not really know her even after being married for years. The director replies he overheard one of Joan's sisters saying she mailed a copy of Joan's favorite book to Arthur's house.


title: The Sea of Trees

text: Back in the present, Arthur and Takumi struggle to escape the forest. They survive falls, a flash flood, dehydration, and hypothermia over the course of a single night. Along the way, they encounter the bodies of others who succeeded in ending their lives. They take refuge in a tent with a corpse who brought emergency supplies with them. Sitting by a campfire, Arthur tells Takumi he is in the forest because of his guilt over how he and Joan treated each other.


title: The Sea of Trees

text: The next morning, Arthur leaves an ill Takumi by the tent to try and find help. He promises Takumi he will come back for him. Arthur uses the walkie-talkie from the deceased camper and makes contact with the park rangers. He tries to help but is too weak to inform them that Takumi is still in the forest.


title: The Sea of Trees

text: 12 days later, Arthur is being evaluated by a hospital psychiatrist before his release. His plans are to return to the forest and find Takumi; the psychiatrist informs him that the rangers found the tent he spoke of but did not find anyone there. She also claims that there is no one by the name of Takumi Nakamura who has a wife and daughter with the names Takumi mentioned, and that the camera at the entrance to the park only shows Arthur entering the forest.


title: The Sea of Trees

text: Arthur returns to the forest and finds the unopened package he left behind when he first found Takumi. Arthur locates the tent and coat he used to cover Takumi for warmth but finds a beautiful orchid in Takumi's place. He remembers Takumi describing the forest as a form of purgatory, where the spirits of your loved ones are closest during your darkest moments. He opens the package containing Joan's favorite book: a copy of Hansel and Gretel. Arthur realizes that Takumi was Joan's spirit and is helping him heal his guilt.


title: The Sea of Trees

text: Arthur returns to the United States and brings the orchid with him. During office hours, Arthur's student Eric reveals that the names of Takumi's wife and daughter are not names but words that mean "yellow" and "winter." Arthur remembers the last conversation he had with his wife about her favorite color and season. He travels to the lake house and plants the orchid in Joan's garden.


title: The Sea of Trees

text: The project was first announced in December 2013. Matthew McConaughey joined the cast in February 2014 with Naomi Watts joining in May of that year The film's international distribution was sold to different companies at 2014 Cannes Film Festival, which includes Entertainment One to handle the rights for UK, Australia and New Zealand, and Sony Pictures Worldwide Acquisitions to handle for Eastern Europe, Pan-Latin America and Scandinavia. On August 15, Katie Aselton joined the cast to play a woman who has an affair with McConaughey's character.


title: The Sea of Trees

text: On May 15, 2014, McConaughey and director Van Sant talked about the upcoming film which was officially slated to start on July 15, Van Sant said, "My latest feelings is to try to shoot in Japan, if it's too difficult, we would probably go to the northwest in the States, where the land is very similar." The film's budget was set at $25 million with McConaughey receiving a $3.5 million salary.


title: The Sea of Trees

text: The principal photography of the film began on July 28, 2014, in Foxborough, Massachusetts. The crews were filming deep in the woods in the Purgatory Chasm, Sutton, Massachusetts, where they were also using the recreation hall and chapel at Cocasset River Recreation Area, which they scheduled to rent again on August 14. Publicist Gregg Brilliant said, "The film makers looked at about half a dozen places around the country. The story takes place in Japan and the Northeast United States, and we chose Massachusetts. It's a beautiful location."


title: The Sea of Trees

text: Shooting began in Massachusetts through September, after which filming moved to Japan. The filming wrapped-up on September 30, 2014, in Massachusetts and Japan, with post-production beginning in Los Angeles.


title: The Sea of Trees

text: The film had its world premiere at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival on May 16, 2015. Prior to, Roadside Attractions and Lionsgate acquired U.S distribution rights to the film. A24 later acquired distribution rights, after Roadside and Lionsgate dropped the film for unknown reasons. The film was released in a limited release and through video on demand on August 26, 2016.


title: The Sea of Trees

text: "The Sea of Trees" was panned by critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a rating of 17%, based on 52 reviews, with an average rating of 4.00/10. The consensus states, "Dull, maudlin, and fundamentally empty, "The Sea of Trees" extinguishes the contributions of a talented cast and marks a depressing low point in director Gus Van Sant's career." On Metacritic the film has a score of 23 out of 100 score, based on 18 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". At its May 2015 debut at the Cannes Film Festival, the film was met with harsh critical reception; it was loudly booed and laughed at by an audience of critics, with critic Scott Foundas calling it a film "for nobody." Some critics were more impressed by the film; Pete Hammond wrote "Their film deserves a better fate" and he praised its "pared sentimentality." While Hammond was also impressed with the "beautiful lush score", others found it "cloying" and "ever-present."


title: The Sea of Trees

text: Critic Richard Mowe stated this audience reaction should "give the film’s creative team pause for reflection about exactly where they went so badly awry." Justin Chang, chief film critic for "Variety", deemed the film "dramatically stillborn, commercially unpromising", though Chang did single out the film's aesthetic as noteworthy, stating "Cinematographer Kasper Tuxen works wonders with the forest’s softly diffused light by day, and makes exquisite use of a campfire to illuminate McConaughey’s and Watanabe’s faces at night." He also described co-star Naomi Watts as "solidly moving and sometimes awesomely passive-aggressive." Nonetheless, he concludes that the film is, "Almost impressive in the way it shifts from dreary two-hander to so-so survival thriller to terminal-illness weepie to M. Night Shyamalan/Nicholas Sparks-level spiritual hokum, this risibly long-winded drama is perhaps above all a profound cultural insult, milking the lush green scenery of Japan’s famous Aokigahara forest for all it’s worth, while giving co-lead Ken Watanabe little to do other than moan in agony, mutter cryptically, and generally try to act as though McConaughey’s every word isn’t boring him (pardon the expression) to death."


title: The Sea of Trees

text: Further critical dissatisfaction with the film has been attributed to the fact that "the twists and turns of this narrative fail to ring true with too many implausibilities in the plotting to give any credibility" and with its "complete lack of narrative momentum, it all adds up to a film that's easily Van Sant's worst, and is a sad black mark on McConaughey's mostly excellent recent run. Ultimately, "Sea of Trees" feels like an entirely appropriate title: it makes you feel like you're drowning, and it's full of sap."


title: Chatri Sityodtong

text: Chatri Trisiripisal (, ), known by the ring names Chatri Sityodtong (, ) and Yodchatri Sityodtong (, ), is a Thai-born entrepreneur and martial arts instructor based in Singapore.


title: Chatri Sityodtong

text: He is best known for being the founder, chairman, and chief executive officer of Singapore-based combat sports promotion ONE Championship. He is also the star of "."


title: Chatri Sityodtong

text: Raised in Thailand, Sityodtong is half Japanese (mother's side) and half Thai (father's side). He graduated with a B.A. in Economics from Tufts University in 1994. His family went bankrupt during the Asian Financial Crisis and his father eventually abandoned the family, but Sityodtong went on to obtain an MBA from Harvard Business School in 1999.


title: Chatri Sityodtong

text: Sityodtong emigrated to Singapore around the mid-2000s, and has lived there ever since. He currently serves as an Entrepreneur in Residence and guest lecturer at INSEAD's Singapore campus.


title: Chatri Sityodtong

text: Sityodtong supports Global Poverty Project through his companies. He is an active donor to Boys' Town Home, a charity that serves abandoned children and youth in need. Sityodtong also supports the Singapore Children's Society and children with cancer with Children's Cancer Foundation.


title: Chatri Sityodtong

text: Chatri started Muay Thai as a child under Kru Yodtong Senanan of Sityodtong Camp in Pattaya, Thailand. Senanan eventually gave Chatri the ring name Yodchatri Sityodtong. A veteran of over 30 fights, Sityodtong's last professional Muay Thai fight was in 2008 in Thailand. He is a certified senior Muay Thai instructor under Senanan. Before his death, Senanan appointed him as one of 4 conservators of Sityodtong Muay Thai in the world.


title: Chatri Sityodtong

text: Sityodtong started training in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu in 2005 under Renzo Gracie at the Renzo Gracie Academy in New York City. He earned his blue and purple belts under the Renzo Gracie banner from BJJ World Champions Rafael Gordinho Lima and Leandro Brodinho Issa respectively. With Renzo Gracie's blessing, BJJ World Champion Alex Silva awarded Sityodtong his brown belt in 2021.


title: Chatri Sityodtong

text: Chatri started as an investment analyst at Fidelity Investments covering a variety of industries. He later launched Nextdoor Networks with Yau Soon Loo, a classmate at Harvard. Nextdoor Networks was a San Francisco based startup provider of e-commerce infrastructure. Sityodtong was a Managing Director at Maverick Capital, a US$12 billion hedge fund. In 2005, backed by Farallon Capital, Sityodtong later launched Izara Capital Management, a US$500 million New York hedge fund. After a decade on Wall Street, he retired. In 2008, he founded Evolve MMA, a chain of martial arts academies in Asia.


title: Chatri Sityodtong

text: In 2011, Chatri founded ONE Championship and currently serves as its chairman and CEO. Under his leadership, ONE was named Asia's largest global sports media property by Forbes, while Nielsen ranks ONE amongst the world's top 10 biggest sports media properties in terms of viewership and engagement.


title: Chatri Sityodtong

text: In 2021, Sityodtong starred in the "". The show won Asia's Best Reality TV Series at the 2021 Asian Academy Awards.


title: Chatri Sityodtong

text: In August 2022, Sityodtong accepted an invitation by the Royal Thai Army to become a promoter at the prestigious Lumpinee Boxing Stadium in Bangkok, Thailand.


title: Rajeev Chandrasekhar

text: Rajeev Chandrasekhar (born 31 May 1964) is an Indian politician of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He is the incumbent Minister of State for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship and Electronics and Information Technology of India. He is also an entrepreneur, technocrat and a member of parliament in the Rajya Sabha from BJP representing Karnataka. He served as National Spokesperson of BJP and was vice-chairman of the Kerala faction of the BJP-led coalition National Democratic Alliance.


title: Rajeev Chandrasekhar

text: Chandrasekhar served as Member of Parliamentary Standing Committee on Finance, Member of Public Accounts Committee (PAC), Member of the Joint Committee on Data Protection Bill, 2019 and Member of the Consultative Committee on MoE & IT, Ministry of Communications, Member of the Indian Council for World Affairs.


title: Rajeev Chandrasekhar

text: Chandrasekhar served as a member of the Parliament, Standing Committee on Defence, Consultative Committee on Finance, the Central Advisory Committee for the National Cadet Corps, Co-Chairman of District Development Coordination & Monitoring Committee, Bangalore Urban District. He served as member Rajya Sabha Select Committees for the GST and Real Estate bills.


title: Rajeev Chandrasekhar

text: Rajeev was born to Malayali parents in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. His father M. K. Chandrasekhar was an Air Commodore of the Indian Air Force and was trainer of Rajesh Pilot. His ancestral home is at Kondayur near Desamangalam in Thrissur district of Kerala.


title: Rajeev Chandrasekhar

text: Chandrasekhar studied in various schools across India, and studied electrical engineering at Manipal Institute of Technology. He obtained his master's degree in computer science in 1988 from the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago. He was handpicked by Vinod Dham to join Intel and worked there from 1988 to 1991. At Intel he was part of the architectural team that designed the i486 processor. He completed an advance management program from Harvard University.


title: Rajeev Chandrasekhar

text: In 1991, after returning to India, Chadrasekhar married and joined his father-in-law's company, BPL Group. In 1994, he founded BPL Mobile. It was one of the major telecom companies in India then with license over places such as Mumbai. In July 2005, he sold his 64 percent stake in BPL Communications to Essar Group for US$1.1 billion.


title: Rajeev Chandrasekhar

text: Chandrasekhar founded Jupiter Capital in 2005, with an initial investment of US$100 million. The investment firm has investments and managed assets of over US$800 million in technology, media, hospitality, and entertainment.


title: Rajeev Chandrasekhar

text: In April 2013, Chandrasekhar was awarded an honorary doctorate by Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum, for his work as an entrepreneur.


title: Rajeev Chandrasekhar

text: As per the affidavit submitted by Chandrasekhar before Election Commission of India on 2018, he has an annual income of 28 crores and family assets valued 65 crores. He also held equity shares in six unlisted companies: Vectra Consultancy Services, SPL Infotech PTE, Jupiter Global Infrastructure, Minsk Developers, RC Stocks & Securities and Sanguine New Media. In addition to this he indirectly has stakes in Axiscade Engineering Technologies, Jupiter Capital Private Limited, Mistral Technology Assystem Axiscades, Tayana Digital, Hindustan Infrastructure Projects & Engineering Pvt Ltd.


title: Rajeev Chandrasekhar

text: In late 2006, Chandrasekhar entered into a media foray due to investments made in Asianet Communications Ltd. through his firm Jupiter Capital Private Limited. In late 2008, he entered into a joint venture with Rupert Murdoch's News Corp as Asianet Star Communications. In 2008 May, he started Asianet News Online Private Ltd. (ANOPL) which holds media outlets Asianet News, Suvarna News, and online portal Newsable. In 2016, through ANOPL, he invested nearly 60 crores in ARG Outlier Media, the holding company of Republic TV. In May 2019, ANOPL diluted the share holding in Republic TV after Chandrasekhar became a Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha as Bharatiya Janata Party member in 2018.


title: Rajeev Chandrasekhar

text: Chandrasekhar is the Minister of Information Technology in the Modi government. Earlier he was a national spokesperson of BJP.


title: Rajeev Chandrasekhar

text: In Parliament vocal advocate on Governance, Technology and Economics. As a first-term MP, he was the first one to raise corruption like 2G Scam in parliament and is outspoken MP on issues that concern Governance.


title: Rajeev Chandrasekhar

text: Chandrasekhar was an Independent member of Rajya Sabha representing Karnataka from April 2006 to April 2018. In April 2018, he was re-elected to the Rajya Sabha from Karnataka for a third six-year term as a BJP member. He has advocated for governance reforms, institution building, Internet freedom, national security, welfare of the Armed Forces Personnel and sustainable city building of Bangalore and Karnataka.


title: Rajeev Chandrasekhar

text: In the Second Modi ministry Chandrasekhar became a Minister of State following the cabinet reshuffling in July 2021.


title: Rajeev Chandrasekhar

text: Rajeev is married to Anju Chandrasekhar (m. 1991), the daughter of T.P.G. Nambiar, the founder of BPL Group and resides in Koramangala, Bengaluru. They have a son, Ved, and a daughter Devika. His mother Anandavalli Amma and father M.K. Chandrasekhar also reside in Bangalore.


title: Mike Norris (actor)

text: Michael R. Norris (born October 4, 1962) is an American actor. He is the eldest son of the actor and martial arts champion Chuck Norris and his first wife, Dianne Holechek. He starred in the 1986 drama film "Born American" and the 1991 action film "". He also directed and starred in the 2009 Christian film "Birdie & Bogey".


title: Mike Norris (actor)

text: Norris was born on October 4, 1962, in Redondo Beach, California, the son of Dianne (née Holecheck) and "Walker, Texas Ranger" star Chuck Norris.


title: Mike Norris (actor)

text: Norris and his wife own 2nd Fiddle Entertainment, a movie studio. Through 2nd Fiddle Entertainment Norris has written produced and directed the films "Birdie & Bogey", "Maggie's Passage" and "I Am Gabriel".


title: Mike Norris (actor)

text: Norris and his brother Eric are the two sons of the union of actor Chuck Norris and Dianne Holecheck. Through his father, Norris is the nephew of Aaron Norris, the godson of Gena Norris, has a half brother and two half sisters.


title: Mike Norris (actor)

text: On May 23, 1992, Norris married his wife Valerie. They have three children: Hannah (born 1995), and twins Max and Greta (born in 2000).


title: Andrew Benintendi

text: Andrew Sebastian Benintendi (born July 6, 1994) is an American professional baseball outfielder who is currently a free agent. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Boston Red Sox, Kansas City Royals and New York Yankees.


title: Andrew Benintendi

text: Benintendi played college baseball for the Arkansas Razorbacks of the University of Arkansas. The Red Sox selected Benintendi in the first round of the 2015 MLB draft, and he made his MLB debut with the Red Sox in 2016. He was a part of the 2018 World Series champions. The Red Sox traded Benintendi to the Royals after the 2020 season. He won a Gold Glove Award in 2021 and was an All-Star in 2022. The Yankees acquired him from the Royals in 2022.


title: Andrew Benintendi

text: Benintendi attended Madeira High School, in Madeira, Ohio. Playing for the school's baseball team, he batted .564 with 12 home runs, 57 runs batted in (RBIs), and 38 stolen bases for the Mustangs baseball team in his senior year. Benintendi was the ABCA/Rawlings National High School Player of the Year and Ohio Gatorade Baseball Player of the Year. He finished his high school career with an Ohio-record 199 career runs scored. He also played high school basketball, earning 2011–12 "Cincinnati Enquirer" Division III Co-Player of the Year honors and setting school records in career points (1,753) and season points (638), career three-pointers (180), and points per game in a season (25.5).


title: Andrew Benintendi

text: The Cincinnati Reds selected Benintendi in the 31st round of the 2013 Major League Baseball (MLB) draft, but he did not sign with the Reds. He enrolled at the University of Arkansas to play college baseball for the Arkansas Razorbacks baseball team. As a true freshman, he played in 61 games, with 60 starts and hit .276/.368/.333 with one home run and 27 RBIs.


title: Andrew Benintendi

text: In 2015, his junior year, Benintendi led the Southeastern Conference (SEC) in batting average (.380), home runs (19), on-base percentage (.489), slugging percentage (.715), and walks (47). He was named the SEC Player of the Year. He also won the "Baseball America" College Player of the Year Award, the Dick Howser Trophy, and the Golden Spikes Award.


title: Andrew Benintendi

text: The Boston Red Sox chose Benintendi with the seventh overall selection in the 2015 MLB draft. He signed with the Red Sox, receiving a $3.6 million signing bonus. Benintendi made his professional debut with the Lowell Spinners of the Class A-Short Season New York–Penn League. Andrew finished the 2015 season playing 19 games for the Class A Greenville Drive going 26/74 (.351) and posting an OPS of 1.011. He began the 2016 season with the Salem Red Sox of the Class A-Advanced Carolina League, and received a promotion to the Portland Sea Dogs of the Class AA Eastern League on May 15.


title: Andrew Benintendi

text: The Red Sox promoted Benintendi to the major leagues on August 2, 2016, straight from Double-A, only 421 days after being selected in the draft. He made his major league debut on August 2, against the Seattle Mariners as a pinch hitter, and recorded his first major league hit off of Hisashi Iwakuma on August 3. Benintendi recorded both his first major league triple and home run against the Detroit Tigers on August 21 in a 10–5 loss.


title: Andrew Benintendi

text: On October 6, in Game 1 of the 2016 ALDS against the Cleveland Indians, Benintendi hit a home run in his first postseason at bat, off of Indians' pitcher Trevor Bauer. With the feat, Benintendi became the youngest Red Sox player to hit a home run in a postseason game. However, the Indians won the game by a score of 5–4 and swept the series in three games. Benintendi ended the 2016 season with a .295 batting average, 31 hits, 14 RBIs, two home runs, and one stolen base in 34 games played.


title: Andrew Benintendi

text: Benintendi started the 2017 season as part of the Red Sox' Opening Day roster, batting second as Boston defeated the Pittsburgh Pirates by a score of 5–3. On July 4, against the Texas Rangers, Benintendi went 5-for-5 with 6 RBIs, two home runs, and a double in the 11–4 victory. He finished second in the American League Rookie of the Year voting, despite receiving no first-place votes due to Aaron Judge winning unanimously. Overall, during the 2017 Red Sox regular season, Benintendi batted .271 with 20 home runs, 90 RBIs and 20 stolen bases in 151 games played. In the ALDS against the eventual World Series champions, the Houston Astros, he batted .250 (4-for-16) with a home run and two RBIs in four games.


title: Andrew Benintendi

text: Through the first half of the season, he was the team's regular left fielder, usually batting second, behind Mookie Betts. On July 8, Benintendi was named as a candidate in the American League's All-Star Final Vote, for a spot in the 2018 MLB All-Star Game. At that point in the season, Benintendi had a slash line of .293/.379/.515 with 14 home runs and 55 RBIs. In the Final Vote, fans selected Jean Segura of the Seattle Mariners.


title: Andrew Benintendi

text: For the season Benintendi appeared in 148 games hitting .290 with 41 doubles, 103 runs scored, 16 home runs and 87 RBIs and stealing 21 bases.


title: Andrew Benintendi

text: In the 2018 MLB playoffs, Benintendi recorded the final outs to seal victories for the Red Sox in Games 4 and 5 of the 2018 American League Championship Series, the first of the two a diving effort to prevent a bases-loaded hit in a two-run game. The Red Sox won the World Series over the Los Angeles Dodgers, giving Benintendi his first championship title. In the World Series, Benintendi had 4 hits in Game 1 and hit .333 in the Fall Classic.


title: Andrew Benintendi

text: Benintendi began the 2019 season as Boston's regular left fielder. Manager Alex Cora initially made him the team's leadoff hitter, until the start of June when Cora moved Benintendi to second in the order, with Mookie Betts batting first, as was the team's usual order in 2018. On June 11, he was ejected, for the first time in his MLB career, for a comment he made about the home plate umpire (Ángel Hernández) that was heard by the first base umpire (Vic Carapazza). For the season, Benintendi appeared in 138 games, batting .266 with 40 doubles, 13 home runs and 68 RBIs.


title: Andrew Benintendi

text: On February 8, 2020, the Red Sox announced signing Benintendi to a two-year, $10 million deal, avoiding arbitration. On July 29, he recorded the 500th hit of his major league career, a ground rule double off of New York Mets pitcher Jeurys Familia. Benintendi was placed on the 10-day injured list on August 12, with a right rib cage strain. Benintendi's 2020 campaign came to an end on September 8, after being transferred to the 45-day injury list. With the 2020 Red Sox, Benintendi was 4-for-39 at the plate (.103) with one RBI.


title: Andrew Benintendi

text: On February 10, 2021, the Red Sox traded Benintendi and cash considerations to the Kansas City Royals as part of a three-team trade in which the Red Sox acquired Franchy Cordero, Josh Winckowski, and three players to be named later (identified in June as minor league prospects: outfielder Freddy Valdez from the Mets, and pitchers Grant Gambrell and Luis De La Rosa from the Royals) while the New York Mets received Khalil Lee. In his first year with the Royals, Benintendi batted .276/.324/.442 with 17 home runs and 73 RBIs in 134 games. He led all left fielders with 1,116 innings played and a .987 fielding percentage, and won his first Gold Glove Award.


title: Andrew Benintendi

text: In salary arbitration, Benintendi was awarded a salary of $8.5 million for the 2022 season. He began the season batting .317 en route to being named the Royals' lone representative to the 2022 MLB All-Star Game.


title: Andrew Benintendi

text: On July 27, 2022, the Royals traded Benintendi to the New York Yankees in exchange for minor league prospects T. J. Sikkema, Chandler Champlain, and Beck Way. On September 2, 2022, Benintendi was hit by a pitch on the right wrist and left the game. The next day, he was put on the 10-day injured list due to right wrist inflammation. Further evidence revealed that Benintendi had a broken hook in the hamate bone of his right wrist, which will require surgery.


title: Andrew Benintendi

text: Benintendi's paternal grandparents immigrated to the United States from Castellammare del Golfo, Sicily, Italy, where they settled and lived on Lama Ct in Gravesend, Brooklyn. He grew up a Cincinnati Reds fan.


title: Andrew Benintendi

text: Benintendi resides in St. Louis during the offseason and, during the 2019 Stanley Cup Finals, he voiced his support for the St. Louis Blues.


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: Castle Rock (sometimes referred to as the Rock) is a fictional town appearing in Stephen King's fictional Maine topography, providing the setting for a number of his novels, novellas, and short stories. Castle Rock first appeared in King's 1979 novel "The Dead Zone" and has since been referred to or used as the primary setting in many other works by King.


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: As a native of Durham, Maine, King was inspired by his hometown when creating Castle Rock. The town name is taken from the fictional mountain fort in William Golding's 1954 novel "Lord of the Flies".


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: Other notable fictional towns that King has used as the central setting in more than one work include Derry and Jerusalem's Lot.


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: The population of Castle Rock was 1,280 by 1959 and around 1,500 in "Needful Things". According to the book cover, "Needful Things" was "The Last Castle Rock Story". However, the town later served as the setting for the short story "It Grows on You", published in King's 1993 collection "Nightmares & Dreamscapes". This story, according to King, serves as an epilogue to "Needful Things".


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: In "Needful Things", Castle Rock is placed 18 miles southwest of South Paris. In the anthology film "Creepshow" (1982), written by King, a sign at the end of "The Lonesome Death of Jordy Verrill" puts Portland at 37 miles, and Boston at 188 miles. "Weeds", the 1976 short story on which "The Lonesome Death of Jordy Verrill" was based, was set in New Hampshire.


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: Geographically, this puts Castle Rock within 37 miles of Portland, Maine. This region could include real places such as Durham, Lisbon, Danville, Auburn, Lewiston, Bridgton, and maybe even Sabattus. A map on King's official website places Castle Rock in Oxford County, in the vicinity of Woodstock. The works in which Castle Rock appears place the town in the fictional "Castle County", which also includes such fictional towns as Castle Lake and Castle View. The location of Castle Rock may also be related to Marblehead, which has a park by the same name, but most likely not.


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: Part of the Castle Rock area is underlain by limestone. It makes the water hard and hosts at least one bat-infested cave unknown to the inhabitants, as noted in "Cujo."


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: Besides Castle Rock and the oft-used Derry and Jerusalem's Lot, King has created other fictional Maine towns. These include Chamberlain in "Carrie;" Chester's Mill in "Under the Dome;" Haven in "The Tommyknockers;" Little Tall Island in "Dolores Claiborne" and "Storm of the Century;" Harlow in "Revival"; Tarkers Mills in "Cycle of the Werewolf", and Ludlow (unrelated to the real Maine town of Ludlow) in "Pet Sematary" and "The Dark Half."


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: George Bannerman is the sheriff of Castle Rock, appearing in "The Dead Zone", "Cujo", and "The Body". In "The Dead Zone", Bannerman, after years of failing to catch the local serial killer the Castle Rock Strangler, approaches Johnny Smith to help catch the Strangler. Bannerman is horrified to learn the Strangler is, in reality, Deputy Frank Dodd, whom he viewed as a surrogate son. The two men corner Dodd in his house, where he commits suicide. In "Cujo", Bannerman helps organize the search for Donna and Tad Trenton, who are currently missing, and unbeknownst to anyone, trapped at the Camber house by the titular rabid Saint Bernard. Suspicious when there are no leads to their location and inspired by his previous investigation with Smith and the Frank Dodd case, Bannerman checks at the Camber house and discovers Donna and Tad. Before he can phone in this discovery, Cujo appears and viciously mauls and disembowels him.


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: Bannerman was portrayed by Tom Skerritt in "The Dead Zone" and Sandy Ward in "Cujo". In the television adaptation of "The Dead Zone", Bannerman is merged with the character of Walt Hazlett to form the character Sheriff Walt Bannerman, portrayed by Chris Bruno.


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: Appeared in the novel "Cujo" (1981) and portrayed by Ed Lauter in the film adaptation of the same name (1983), Joe is an alcoholic, controlling man who frequently abuses his wife Charity and is generally hostile to everyone around him; the only two exceptions are his son Brett and his friend Gary Pervier. The townspeople are aware of his hard drinking but consider him a competent, honest mechanic. Joe is mauled to death by his own dog, Cujo, once he becomes rabid.


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: Alan Pangborn appears in the novel "The Dark Half" (1989), the novella "The Sun Dog" (1990), and the novel "Needful Things" (1991). He is also a primary character in the "Castle Rock" television series based on King's novels. In "The Dark Half", Pangborn is introduced as the Sheriff of the town Castle Rock. He has a wife Annie and two children, Toby ("Al") and Todd. The story establishes that Pangborn has a penchant for magic tricks. Pangborn re-appears again as the main protagonist of "Needful Things", which establishes him as a widower dating Polly Chalmers. The story reveals that Annie and Todd died in a car crash soon after the events of "The Dark Half". Pangborn was portrayed by Michael Rooker in the film adaptation of "The Dark Half" and Ed Harris in the film "Needful Things". Alan and Polly are also briefly mentioned in "Bag of Bones" (1998) in a conversation between author Michael Noonan and the then-Castle County Sheriff Norris Ridgewick. Ridgewick mentions they are "doing real well" after having relocated to New Hampshire, though Polly still suffers from arthritis.


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: In the television series "Castle Rock", which features an original story set around established Stephen King characters and stories, Alan Pangborn worked as town sheriff in the 1980s and '90s, but is now retired. He is in a romantic relationship with town resident Ruth Deaver and has pursued her since at least 1990. He is said to be a widower and shown to have an interest in magic and sleight of hand, but no mention is made in regards to Polly ever being in his life. Since the show and its characters regularly discuss the town's history with murder and strange events, but do not ever reference the destruction the town suffered in "Needful Things", the main events of that novel perhaps did not happen in the continuity of the show, and this version of Pangborn never met Polly. The younger Pangborn of the 1980 and 90s is portrayed by actor Jeffrey Pierce while the Pangborn of 2018 is portrayed by Scott Glenn.


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: John "Ace" Merrill is a psychopathic, cruel bully who appears in "The Body", "The Sun Dog", and "Needful Things". In "The Body", Ace is the leader of some bullies who torment Gordie Lachance, Chris Chambers, Teddy Duchamp, and Vern Tessio. He later attempts to murder them after they find the body of Ray Browers, so that Ace and his gang will get the credit. Gordie scares Ace and his gang off by threatening them with a handgun. As an adult, Gordie sees that Ace has become an alcoholic, overweight millworker and takes pleasure in seeing his tormentor so miserable. By the time of "The Sun Dog", Ace has been sent to Shawshank State Penitentiary and disowned by his only remaining family, his uncle Pop Merrill. In "Needful Things", Ace returns to his hometown, on the run to avoid being murdered by two drug dealers over unpaid debts. Ace now holds a grudge against Sheriff Alan Pangborn for being the one to arrest him. Ace becomes the right-hand man of Leland Gaunt, a demon who provides Ace with cocaine and the implications of buried treasure in exchange for procuring guns for him. In the climax of the novel, Ace and Buster Keeton team up at Gaunt's behest to wreak havoc. Merrill holds Pangborn's girlfriend Polly Chalmers at gunpoint when Gaunt and Pangborn confront each other, only to be shot in the head by Norris.


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: Merrill is played by Kiefer Sutherland in "Stand by Me" and Paul Sparks in the television series "Castle Rock".


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: Reginald Marion "Pop" Merrill is a loan shark and the owner of the Emporium Galorium, a local junk store, who appears in "The Sun Dog" and is mentioned in "Needful Things". Pop is a greedy, cruel, and miserly man, who often scams his customers and is disliked by the rest of the town. In spite of this, Pop is extremely wealthy and well-connected and serves a variety of clients, from desperate people he takes advantage of to renowned billionaires. In "The Sun Dog", Kevin Delevan takes his haunted Sun 660 Polaroid camera (which only produces photos of a malevolent dog standing in front of a white picket fence that becomes increasingly monstrous as more photos are taken with it) to Pop, who is unable to uncover anything wrong with the camera. Kevin and his father John (who had previously been the victim of Pop's outrageous interest rates) resolve to destroy the camera, but Pop, sensing the opportunity for money, swaps the camera with another Sun 660 and keeps the haunted one. All of Pop's clients balk at it, either believing it to be a fraud or being overcome with dread when they see it. The dog also begins to gradually drive him mad, allowing it to take control of him and force him to take photos on the Sun 660, which Pop believes to be a broken cuckoo clock he is repairing. Kevin and John, who had caught on to Pop's scam, attempt to stop him from releasing the dog, but they are too late; the dog breaks free, causing molten plastic to slice Pop's throat open. The dog is trapped once again by Kevin, and the Emporium burns down. "Needful Things" shows that the reason for Pop's death is unknown to the general public, though everyone, even his nephew Ace Merrill, is happy that he is dead. Gaunt later convinces Ace that Pop had buried part of his fortune to gain his assistance and cause a feud between him and Sheriff Pangborn.


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: Kevin Delevan is a local teenager who appears in "The Sun Dog". On his 15th birthday, Kevin receives a Sun 660 Polaroid camera as a gift. The camera quickly proves to be supernatural in nature, as it only produces photographs of a malevolent dog in front of a white picket fence, that becomes closer to the photograph and increasingly monstrous as more photos are taken with the camera. For lack of a better option, Kevin takes the camera to Pop Merrill, and both quickly conclude that the camera is haunted. Kevin's father John learns about this, as well, and the two decide to destroy the camera; however, Pop swaps the camera with another Sun 660. Kevin experiences psychic dreams where he enters “Polaroidville”, an odd dimension that exists within photographs; Kevin comes to the conclusion that the dog is a predator from Polaroidsville that sees the real world as a new hunting ground, and that he is receiving the messages from Polaroidsville's "dogcatcher", who, through cryptic clues, reveals to Kevin that the only way to stop the dog is to take another photo of it and that Pop kept the camera. John and Kevin go to stop Pop from freeing the dog, but are too late; the dog breaks loose and kills Merrill, but Kevin is able to trap it within another Sun 660. A year later, on his 16th birthday, Kevin is given a computer as a gift. When he turns it on, he receives a message from the dog, which reveals that the dog is loose again and is eager to get revenge against Kevin.


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: Frank Dodd is a deputy serving under Sheriff George Bannerman, while also moonlighting as the Castle Rock Strangler, a serial killer who rapes and murders women, who appears in "The Dead Zone" novel, and is referenced in almost all stories set in Castle Rock. Dodd uses his involvement in the investigation to keep track of its progress and avoid capture. After Dodd murders a nine-year-old girl, Bannerman brings in psychic Johnny Smith to assist in the investigation. Smith discovers Dodd is the killer, and Bannerman and Smith corner Dodd in his home, where he commits suicide and writes “I CONFESS” in lipstick on his neck. By the time of "Cujo", Frank has become a local boogeyman to the children of Castle Rock. Tad Trenton's closet is haunted by a malevolent spirit that claims to be Dodd's ghost and threatens to murder the boy. The ghost later appears before the boy's father Vic while he sits in Tad's room.


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: Dodd is portrayed by Nicholas Campbell in "The Dead Zone" film and by Michael Rogers in the television series.


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: Cujo is a Saint Bernard owned by the Camber family and the titular character of "Cujo", and is referenced in several of King's other works. Cujo is initially a playful dog that is friendly to every person he meets, although rabbits drive him wild. One day he chases a rabbit into a cave and is bitten by a rabid bat. No one notes much significance to the wound, but as it festers Cujo becomes depressed and occasionally ill-tempered (people think he's just bothered by the summer heat or, as observed by two delivery men, "going bad"), then goes mad. He becomes convinced that humans are responsible for his pain, and this prompts him to go on a murderous rampage. After murdering Joe Camber and Gary Pervier, Cujo traps Donna and Tad Trenton inside their broken-down car after they come for auto repairs. Cujo refuses to allow them to leave, and continually tries to break in and kill them. When Donna leaves the car to escape, Cujo bites her repeatedly, though she manages to evade death, and Cujo continues to keep a watchful eye over the car. Eventually, Sheriff George Bannerman arrives and attempts to phone in his discovery of the two, only for Cujo to disembowel him. Donna impales him in the eye with a broken baseball bat and later grabs Bannerman's revolver and shoots Cujo. In "Needful Things", Polly Chalmers, while at the now-abandoned Camber home, encounters Cujo's malevolent and restless spirit, which chases her out of the farm.


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: Norris Ridgewick is a deputy sheriff of Castle County, who served under Alan Pangborn and later succeeded him as sheriff. Ridgewick serves a minor role in "The Dark Half" as comic relief. He reappears as a main character in "Needful Things", being one of those manipulated by Leland Gaunt into helping him drive the town into chaos. After realizing his part in it, Ridgewick initially attempts suicide, but instead decides to help restore order and plays a crucial part in stopping Gaunt. Ridgewick was portrayed by Zachary Mott in "The Dark Half", Ray McKinnon in "Needful Things", and Timothy John Smith in the television series "Castle Rock". He also makes a brief appearance in "Bag of Bones" and is a secondary character in both "Gwendy's Magic Feather" and "Gwendy's Final Task".


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: Polly Chalmers is a local eccentric and Alan Pangborn's girlfriend, who appears in "The Dark Half" and "Needful Things". She is portrayed by Bonnie Bedelia in the 1993 film adaptation of the same name.


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: Danforth "Buster" Keeton is the cruel, hot-tempered, and mentally unstable town selectman, who appears in "The Dark Half" and "Needful Things". Keeton plays a prominent role in "Needful Things", where Gaunt's manipulations and exploitation of his instability and gambling debts to drive him into madness and convince Keeton to become his assistant. He is played by JT Walsh in "Needful Things".


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: Leland Gaunt is a demon who serves as the primary antagonist of "Needful Things". He arrives and serves as the proprietor of the titular shop, making people pull pranks on others in exchange for worthless items; these pranks inevitably lead to someone's death, and he is eventually revealed to have been wandering the earth for centuries, collecting the souls of his unwitting customers. He recruits Buster Keeton and Ace Merrill, who aid in his efforts. At the end of the novel, Pangborn frees the souls Gaunt collected and forces him out of Castle Rock. The epilogue reveals he has set up a new shop in Junction City, Iowa, to begin the cycle anew.


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: Thad Beaumont is an author and the main protagonist of "The Dark Half". Thad specializes primarily in writing cerebral fiction, but writes gritty and hyperviolent crime novels under the pseudonym George Stark to support his family. Thad retires the pseudonym after being discovered and subsequently blackmailed by Fred Clawson, jokingly declaring Stark dead. Stark returns, now inhabited by the spirit of Thad's twin whom he absorbed "in utero", and goes on a killing spree of everyone involved in his "death". Though Stark is eventually killed, Thad's wife leaves him and takes the kids. Thad makes a brief appearance in "Needful Things", having descended into alcoholism and occasionally calling Pangborn. He is mentioned to have committed suicide in "Bag of Bones".


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: Andy Clutterbuck is a deputy sheriff of Castle County who served under Alan Pangborn. In both "The Dark Half" and "Needful Things", he plays a minor role, assisting in Pangborn's investigations. His wife is killed in the climax of "Needful Things", and Clutterbuck is left grief-stricken; he succumbs to alcoholism and eventually commits suicide.


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: Following "Needful Things", Clutterbuck has appeared again in "Lisey's Story" and as police chief in "Drunken Fireworks" in 2015.


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: In February 2017, Hulu announced they were partnering with J. J. Abrams and Stephen King to create a limited series entitled "Castle Rock". Later that month, Hulu issued a ten-episode order for the series, with production set to begin at a later date. It was also revealed that the series would bring together characters and situations from throughout King's entire canon. Filming for the series began in August 2017. The small Western Massachusetts town of Orange served as a stand in for filming scenes set in Castle Rock.


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: The series premiered on Hulu on July 25, 2018. In August 2018, Hulu announced that they have renewed the series for a second season, which premiered on October 23, 2019.


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: The town of Castle Rock made its first onscreen appearance in the 1983 film "Cujo". In that film, Mendocino and Santa Rosa, California stood in for Castle Rock. That same year, Castle Rock appeared onscreen again in "The Dead Zone". This time, the Maine town was portrayed by locations in and around Niagara Falls, Ontario, including the Screaming Tunnel and Queen's Royal Park in neighboring Niagara-on-the-Lake.


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: "Stand by Me" (1986), a film adaptation of King's 1982 novella "The Body", was the next film in which Castle Rock appeared. However, in this version of the story, Castle Rock is located in the state of Oregon. Filming took place in Oregon as well as California, with locations including Brownsville, Oregon and Lake Britton in Shasta County, California. Director Rob Reiner later named his production company Castle Rock Entertainment, which subsequently produced several adaptations of King's works.


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: In addition to appearing onscreen, the town of Castle Rock is also referenced in several films. The first such reference came in the 1982 film "Creepshow", which was Stephen King's first produced screenplay. At the end of the film's "The Lonesome Death of Jordy Verrill" segment, a directional sign shows Castle Rock located five miles away.


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: In the 1990 film adaptation of "Graveyard Shift," the character Jane Wisconsky tells John Hall she is originally from Castle Rock.


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: The screenplay to the 1992 film "Sleepwalkers" was also written by King. In the film, the sheriff calls for backup from Castle Rock. However, this version of Castle Rock is located in Indiana.


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: The town of Gibsons, British Columbia, Canada serves as the location of Castle Rock in the 1993 film Needful Things.


title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: In the 2007 film adaptation of King's novella "The Mist" (1980), David Drayton reads a newspaper called "The Castle Rock Times".


title: Saudagar (1991 film)

text: Saudagar (transl. Merchant) is a 1991 Indian Hindi-language drama film, directed by Subhash Ghai. It starred two legends of the Hindi silver screen, Dilip Kumar and Raaj Kumar, in lead roles. It was the second film in which the two actors came together after the 1959 film "Paigham". It featured the debut performances of Vivek Mushran and Manisha Koirala, the latter becoming a noted Bollywood actress in later years. Amrish Puri, Anupam Kher, Mukesh Khanna, Dalip Tahil, Gulshan Grover, Dina Pathak and Jackie Shroff are also featured in the movie. The story line is influenced by the famous play "Romeo and Juliet" and Mandhaari's role is parallel to that of Friar Laurence in "Romeo and Juliet".


title: Saudagar (1991 film)

text: The film was a silver jubilee success all over India and the highest grossing Indian film of 1991. It as among the top 10 grossers of the 1990s decade"." "Saudagar" received eight nominations at the 37th Filmfare Awards, and won two awards including Best Director for Subhash Ghai. It was Dilip Kumar's penultimate film and final box office success.


title: Saudagar (1991 film)

text: The movie starts with Mandhari, an old crippled man, telling a story of two friends to some kids. In the story, Rajeshwar Singh, a rich landlord's son, and Veer Singh, a poor farmer's son, become friends. They are naughty kids, calling each other as Raju and Veeru respectively. As the duo grow up, Raju decides to get his sister Palikanta's marriage arranged with Veeru. Neither his sister nor Veeru have any objections to the marriage.


title: Saudagar (1991 film)

text: However, as luck would have it, a girl's marriage is disrupted due to her in-laws demanding dowry. Veeru steps in to save the face of the girl and her parents by marrying her. While Raju is shocked by this development, his sister, who was secretly in love with Veeru, commits suicide. A devastated and distraught Raju now declares that Veeru is solely responsible for whatever happened and that the latter is now his mortal enemy.


title: Saudagar (1991 film)

text: With these new developments, the duo has their territories marked. They come to an uneasy and unwritten truce: no one will kill a living soul from the other's territory, but anybody entering the other person's territory will be doing so at their own peril. Chuniya, kin of Raja, sees an opportunity to leech off the money of Rajeshwar by keeping the two sides at war. Chuniya has Veer's son Vishal killed, making the latter believe that Rajeshwar will stop at nothing to eliminate Veer.


title: Saudagar (1991 film)

text: Over the years, the tension escalates. The clashes between the former friends become a headache for the Commissioner. Mandhari, who is now revealed to be a beggar and part of the story, happens to be one of the lucky few who do not have any fear of death from either side. Mandhari claims to the Commissioner that the day he finds out a solution to the problem, he will dance on one leg.


title: Saudagar (1991 film)

text: Here, Rajeshwar's granddaughter Radha and Veer's grandson Vasu meet each other. Radha and Vasu are unaware of the enmity and fall in love. When Mandhari finds about this, he happily completes his pledge to himself and reveals the truth to the lovers. Then, he reveals his plans to end the enmity, according to which Radha will infiltrate Veer's home, while Vasu will infiltrate Rajeshwar's. The lovers succeed in doing so and try to make the old friends see reason. Aarti, Vishal's widow, learns the true identity of Radha but keeps quiet.


title: Saudagar (1991 film)

text: Meanwhile, Chuniya has completely infiltrated Rajeshwar's bastion. He starts making murky deals with shady parties who are interested in acquiring the whole region. He decides to stoke the fires once again, which he does by abducting, raping and killing a girl named Amla from Veeru's territory. Chuniya's machination works, exposing the lovers as well. Radha and Vasu's pleas fall on deaf ears.


title: Saudagar (1991 film)

text: However, Chuniya's luck doesn't last long. The people with whom Chuniya had dealt with attack Rajeshwar, exposing Chuniya's real face. A distraught Rajeshwar and a sympathetic Veer finally sort out their enmity of decades. Here, Chuniya grows desperate and has Radha and Vasu captured. The people from both sides unite to fight against Chuniya.


title: Saudagar (1991 film)

text: Soon, Radha and Vasu are saved, but they are unaware of the fact that their grandfathers have reconciled. Raju and Veeru kill Chuniya but get fatally wounded themselves. As the friends die in each other's arms, the final chapter on this friendship and enmity is closed. The story cuts to the present, revealing that Radha and Vasu got married and they formed a trust in the name of their grandparents, which is taking the care of the education of the children Mandhari is retelling the story too. Radha and Vasu inaugurate the school as Aarti looks on.


title: Saudagar (1991 film)

text: The music for the film was composed by the legendary duo of Laxmikant–Pyarelal, and the lyrics were written by Anand Bakshi.


title: 1992 Winter Olympics

text: The 1992 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XVI Olympic Winter Games () and commonly known as Albertville '92 (Arpitan: "Arbèrtvile '92"), was a winter multi-sport event held from 8 to 23 February 1992 in and around Albertville, France. Albertville won the bid to host the Winter Olympics in 1986, beating Sofia, Falun, Lillehammer, Cortina d'Ampezzo, Anchorage, and Berchtesgaden. The 1992 Winter Olympics were the last winter games held in the same year as the Summer Olympics. The Games were the fifth Olympic Games held in France and the country's third Winter Olympics, after the 1924 Winter Games in Chamonix and the 1968 Winter Games in Grenoble. This games was the first of two consecutive Olympic games to be held in Western Europe, preceding the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain.


title: 1992 Winter Olympics

text: 18 events in Figure skating, short track speed skating, speed skating, and the opening and closing ceremonies took place in Albertville. As the 39 another events were held in the nearby 9 villages and resorts around the Savoie: Courchevel, La Plagne, Les Arcs, Les Menuires, Les Saisies, Méribel, Pralognan-la-Vanoise, Tignes, and Val d'Isère. Sixty-four National Olympic Committees and 1,801 athletes participated in six sports and fifty-seven events. This included both the Unified Team, representing the non-Baltic former Soviet republics, and Germany, newly consolidated again as a team following the reunification of the former East and West Germany in 1990. The event also saw the debut of eight nations in the Winter Olympics. New events included Short track speed skating, freestyle skiing, and women's biathlon. These were the last Winter Olympics to include demonstration sports, consisting of curling, aerials and ski ballet, and speed skiing, and the last Games to feature an outdoor speed skating rink.


title: 1992 Winter Olympics

text: A record-breaking seven locations bid for the games. The non-winning bids were from Anchorage, Berchtesgaden, Cortina d'Ampezzo, Falun, Lillehammer, and Sofia. The 91st IOC Session, held in Lausanne on 17 October 1986, voted Albertville the host of the Games.


title: 1992 Winter Olympics

text: Bjørn Dæhlie and Vegard Ulvang dominated the men's cross-country skiing races, both taking home three gold medals with Norway taking a medal sweep in the event. 16-year-old Ski jumper Toni Nieminen became the youngest male gold medalist in a Winter Olympic event. Petra Kronberger won both the combined event and the slalom of alpine skiing, while Bonnie Blair won both the 500 m and 1000 m speed skating events, and Gunda Niemann took both of the longest races.


title: 1992 Winter Olympics

text: Three National Olympic Committees won a medal for the first time at the Winter Olympics (all Pacific Ocean littoral states; one in a sport making its debut at the Games, short track speed skating). Kim Ki-hoon's gold medal in 1000 m short track speed skating signified South Korea's first medal in the Winter Olympics, while Ye Qiaobo's silver medal in women's 500 m speed skating represented China's first Winter Olympics medal. Annelise Coberger from New Zealand became the first Oceanian athlete to win a medal in women's alpine skiing slalom, making her the first athlete from the southern hemisphere to mount the podium at the Winter Games.


title: 1992 Winter Olympics

text: Swiss speed skier Nicolas Bochatay died on the penultimate day of the Games, when he crashed into a snow-grooming vehicle during a training run.


title: 1992 Winter Olympics

text: The 1992 Olympic Winter Games marked the last time both the Winter and Summer games were held in the same year. The 1992 Olympics also marked the last time France hosted the Olympics. The games are scheduled to return to France in 2024 when Paris is set to become the second city to host the Summer Olympics three times.


title: 1992 Winter Olympics

text: "The Oxford Olympics Study" established the outturn cost of the Albertville 1992 Winter Olympics at US$2.0 billion (in 2015-dollars) and cost overrun at 137% in real terms. This includes sports-related costs only, that is: (i) "operational costs" incurred by the organizing committee to stage the Games, e.g., expenditures for technology, transportation, workforce, administration, security, catering, ceremonies, and medical services; and (ii) "direct capital costs" incurred by the host city and country or private investors to build, e.g., the competition venues, the Olympic village, international broadcast center, and media and press center, which are required to host the Games. Indirect capital costs were not included, e.g. road, rail, or airport infrastructure, or hotel upgrades or other business investment incurred in preparation for the Games but not directly related to their staging. In comparison, the cost and cost overrun of the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics were US$2.5 billion and 13%, respectively, while the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics (the most costly Olympics to date) had costs and cost overrun at US$51 billion and 289%, respectively. The average cost for the Winter Games since 1960 is US$3.1 billion, while the average cost overrun is 142%.


title: 1992 Winter Olympics

text: The 1992 Winter Games mascot, Magique (Magic), was a small imp in the shape of a star and a cube. The mascot was created by Philippe Mairesse and replaced the original mascot, which was a mountain goat. The star shape symbolized dreams and imagination, while the mascot's red and blue colors originated from the French flag.


title: 1992 Winter Olympics

text: There were 57 events contested in 6 sports (12 disciplines). See the medal winners, ordered by sport:


title: 1992 Winter Olympics

text: This was the last time demonstration events were included in the Winter Olympics program. Of the 8 events that were under evaluation, 4 received the endorsement to be included in an official form in future editions of the Games (Curling tournaments and the aerials events on the freestyle skiing). The other four events (speed skiing and skiing ballet events on the freestyle skiing) were rejected and have not since returned.


title: 1992 Winter Olympics

text: Sixty-four nations sent competitors to the 1992 Olympics, including seven nations making their first appearance at a Winter Olympics. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, six former-Soviet bloc nations chose to form a Unified Team, while the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania competed as independent nations for the first time since 1936. United Nations Security Council Resolution 757 took effect on 30 May 1992 (97 days after the closing ceremonies), and Yugoslav athletes were able to participate under their country's national symbols. It also suspended the activities of the Yugoslav Olympic Committee, making the country's athletes ineligible to compete on the 1992 Summer Olympics. Despite this, some of their athletes classified in individual sports and gained authorization to compete as Independent Olympic Participants (which also happened at the 1992 Summer Paralympics). Yugoslav athletes returned to the Olympic Games in the 1996 Summer Olympics, when only Serbia, Montenegro and Kosovo were still part of the country. The 1992 Winter Olympics were the first time since the 1964 Summer Olympics that Germany competed with a unified team. Seven National Olympic Committees sent their first delegations to the Winter Olympics: Algeria, Bermuda, Brazil, Honduras, Ireland, Swaziland, Croatia, and Slovenia (the last two making their first appearances at any Olympics, just a few months after their respective declarations of independence from Yugoslavia). Until the 2018 Winter Olympics, this was the only participation of Swaziland and Honduras in an edition of the Winter Olympics.


title: Katie Wagner

text: Katharine Wagner (born May 11, 1964) is an American television personality and Hollywood reporter. She is best known for her 2002–2004 stint as the hostess for TV Guide Channel.


title: Katie Wagner

text: Wagner was born in Los Angeles, California. Her parents are actress Marion Marshall and actor Robert Wagner, who divorced in 1971.


title: Katie Wagner

text: On her mother's side she has two older half-brothers, Joshua Donen and Peter Donen. On her father's side, she has a younger half-sister, Courtney Wagner. She has a stepsister, Natasha Gregson Wagner, from her father's marriage to Natalie Wood. Her stepmother is Jill St. John. Wood was her stepmother from July 1972 until her death on November 29, 1981.


title: Katie Wagner

text: Wagner graduated from Beverly Hills High School in 1982 and attended Santa Barbara City College for a semester. After dropping out of college, she dabbled in modeling, which allowed her to live in Tokyo and London. She received a break in 1987 when she and her father were featured on the TV show "Born Famous," when the show's host asked her what she hoped to do for a living, and she answered, "I would like to do what you do."


title: Katie Wagner

text: Wagner's first media job was for the Don Mischer special "M & W" on ABC, for which she interviewed Dan Aykroyd and his wife, Donna Dixon. This resulted in a two-and-a-half-year run at the Movietime Cable Network (Now E! Network). She went on to work at HBO, Cinemax, V, and MTV. At MTV, she guest-hosted from both coasts. She also co-hosted "Awake on the Wildside", filled in for Chris Connelly on "The Big Picture", and introduced videos at night.


title: Katie Wagner

text: For two years, she co-hosted an international entertainment show called "Hollywood Report" with Richard Jobson on ITV in Great Britain. The show was seen in 11 countries. Wagner then co-hosted 22 episodes of "Live From the House of Blues" on TBS.


title: Katie Wagner

text: She joined Robin Leach for the final two seasons of "Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous" as co host and contributing reporter. She was asked to narrate and co-produce "Intimate Portrait: Natalie Wood", about her late stepmother. With the permission and cooperation of her family, Wagner shared private details of Wood's life for the first time.


title: Katie Wagner

text: In 1999, she began working for the TV Guide Channel. Her hosting duties included "Music News", "TV Talk", "Family Do's and Don'ts", and "What's On". In 2004, after 5½ years, she left the TV Guide Channel to do her own show. Later that year, she played a news reporter in the "Charmed" episode, "Styx Feet Under" and was a guest star on the talk show, "Good Day Live".


title: Katie Wagner

text: In 2005, Wagner was host of the WB show, "The Starlet". She currently hosts an online radio show with psychic medium "Voxx" at The JOINT Studios called "Inner View with Katie & Voxx".


title: Katie Wagner

text: Wagner dated Julian Lennon, Dweezil Zappa, Richard Grieco, and Steve Jones, and had a broken engagement with William Berretta.


title: Katie Wagner

text: On September 21, 2006, she gave birth to her only child, Riley John Wagner-Lewis. She married her boyfriend, Leif Lewis, in July 2007.


title: Bad Vegan: Fame. Fraud. Fugitives.

text: Bad Vegan: Fame. Fraud. Fugitives. is a 2022 Netflix docuseries by director Chris Smith. It documents how vegan restaurateur Sarma Melngailis illegally transferred money to her husband so he could pay a deity to bestow immortality upon them.


title: Bad Vegan: Fame. Fraud. Fugitives.

text: The series tells the story of Sarma Melngailis, former owner of the New York City vegan restaurant Pure Food and Wine. Sarma met and married conman Anthony Strangis (who called himself Shane Fox), and she alleged that he coerced her into stealing money from her own restaurant and later going on the run from authorities. The pair were ultimately charged with transferring over $1.6 million from the restaurant into their personal accounts.


title: Bad Vegan: Fame. Fraud. Fugitives.

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the limited series holds a 94% approval rating based on 17 critic reviews, with an average rating of 7.4/10. On Metacritic, the series has a score of 72 out of 100, based on 10 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".


title: Bad Vegan: Fame. Fraud. Fugitives.

text: Lucy Mangan of "The Guardian" gave the show a rating of 3/5 and described it as "[An] unhurried but fascinating four-part documentary..."


title: Bad Vegan: Fame. Fraud. Fugitives.

text: Melngailis herself disputes the veracity of the series and its conclusions, citing numerous misrepresentations of her story in an attempt to heighten drama in ways that impugn her character, particularly in the editing of the show's final minutes.


title: La Violencia

text: La Violencia (, The Violence) was a ten-year civil war in Colombia from 1948 to 1958, between the Colombian Conservative Party and the Colombian Liberal Party, fought mainly in the countryside.


title: La Violencia

text: "La Violencia" is considered to have begun with the assassination on 9 April 1948 of Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, a Liberal Party presidential candidate and frontrunner for the 1949 November election. His murder provoked the "Bogotazo" rioting, which lasted ten hours and resulted in around 5,000 casualties. An alternative historiography proposes the Conservative Party's return to power following the election of 1946 to be the cause. Rural town police and political leaders encouraged Conservative-supporting peasants to seize the agricultural lands of Liberal-supporting peasants, which provoked peasant-to-peasant violence throughout Colombia.


title: La Violencia

text: "La Violencia" is estimated to have cost the lives of at least 200,000 people, almost 2% of the population of the country at the time.


title: La Violencia

text: The "La Violencia" conflict took place between the Military Forces of Colombia and the National Police of Colombia supported by Colombian Conservative Party paramilitary groups on one side, and paramilitary and guerrilla groups aligned with the Colombian Liberal Party and the Colombian Communist Party on the other side.


title: La Violencia

text: The conflict caused millions of people to abandon their homes and property. Media and news services failed to cover events accurately for fear of revenge attacks. The lack of public order and civil authority prevented victims from laying charges against perpetrators. Documented evidence from these years is rare and fragmented.


title: La Violencia

text: The majority of the population at the time was Catholic. During the conflict there were press reports that Catholic Church authorities supported the Conservative Party. Several priests were accused of openly encouraging the murder of the political opposition during Catholic mass, including the Santa Rosa de Osos Bishop Miguel Ángel Builes, although this is unproven. No formal charges were ever presented and no official statements were made by the Holy See or the Board of Bishops. These events were recounted in the 1950 book "Lo que el cielo no perdona" ("What heaven doesn't forgive"), written by the secretary to Builes, Father Fidel Blandon Berrio. Eduardo Caballero Calderón also recounted these events in his 1952 book "El Cristo de Espaldas" ("Backwards Christ"). After releasing his book, Blandon resigned from his position and assumed a false identity as Antonio Gutiérrez. However, he was eventually identified and legally charged and prosecuted for libel by the Conservative Party.


title: La Violencia

text: As a result of "La Violencia" there were no liberal candidates for the presidency, congress, or any public corporations in the 1950 elections. The press accused the government of pogroms against the opposition. Censorship and reprisals were common against journalists, writers, and directors of news services; in consequence many media figures left the country. Jorge Zalamea, director of "Critica" magazine, fled to Buenos Aires; Luis Vidales to Chile; Antonio Garcia to La Paz, and Gerardo Molina to Paris.


title: La Violencia

text: Since the 1920s, when the Conservatives had control of government, and even into the 1930s, when Liberals regained control of the government, there were violent clashes between peasants and landowners, as well as workers and industry owners. The number of yearly deaths, however, were far less than the estimates of those in "La Violencia".


title: La Violencia

text: In the 1946 election, Mariano Ospina Pérez of the Conservative party won the presidency, largely because the Liberal votes were split between two Liberal candidates. Some consider "La Violencia" having started at this point because the Conservative government began increasing the backlash against Liberal protests and small rebel groups. There were an estimated 14,000 deaths in 1947 due to this violence.


title: La Violencia

text: On April 9, 1948, Liberal Party leader Jorge Eliécer Gaitán was assassinated by Juan Roa Sierra on the street in Bogotá, via three shots from a revolver. Gaitán was a popular candidate and would have been the likely winner of the 1950 election. This began the "Bogotazo" as angry mobs beat Roa Sierra to death and headed to the presidential palace with the intent of killing President Ospina Pérez. The murder of Gaitán and subsequent rioting sparked other popular uprisings throughout the country. Because of the Liberal nature of these revolts, the police and military, who had been largely neutral before, either defected or became aligned with the Conservative government.


title: La Violencia

text: Initially, Liberal leaders in Colombia worked with the Conservative government to stop uprisings and root out Communists. In May 1949, Liberal leaders resigned from their positions within the Ospina Pérez administration, due to the widespread persecution of Liberals throughout the country. Attempting to end "La Violencia", the Liberals, who had majority control of Congress, began impeachment proceedings against President Ospina Pérez on November 9, 1949. In response, Ospina Pérez dissolved the Congress, creating a Conservative dictatorship. The Liberal Party decided to stage a military coup, and it was planned for November 25, 1949. However, many of the party members decided it was not a good idea and called it off. One conspirator, Air Force Captain Alfredo Silva, in the city of Villavicencio, had not been notified of the abandonment of the plan and carried it out. After rallying the Villavicencio garrison, he disarmed the police and took control of the city. Silva proceeded to urge others in the region to join the revolt, and Eliseo Velásquez, a peasant guerrilla leader, took Puerto López on December 1, 1949, as well as capturing other villages in the Meta River region. In this time, Silva was caught and arrested by troops from Bogotá coming to take back control of Villavicencio.


title: La Violencia

text: In 1950, Laureano Gómez was elected president of Colombia, but it was a largely manipulated election, leading Gómez to become the new Conservative dictator.


title: La Violencia

text: After Alfredo Silva's disappearance, Velásquez assumed power of the forces in the Eastern Plains that, by April 1950, included seven rebel zones with hundreds of guerrillas known as the "cowboys". While in command of the forces, Velásquez suffered from a superiority complex, leading him to commit abuses including body mutilation of those killed. Without sufficient arms, during the first major offensive of the Conservative army, the Liberal forces took major losses and confidence in Velásquez was lost. New populist leaders took control of the different groups of rebels and eventually came together to impose a 10% tax on wealthy landowners in the region. This tax created divisions from the wealthy Liberals and the Conservative government used them to recruit counter guerrillas. The Conservative army then increased its offensive attacks; committing atrocities along the way, they burned entire villages, slaughtered animals, and massacred suspected rebels, as well as set up a blockade of the region. The rebels were able to combat the offensive with small, covert, attacks to capture outposts and supplies. By June 1951, the government agreed to a truce with the guerrilla forces and they temporarily lifted the blockade.


title: La Violencia

text: A few months after the truce, larger army units were sent to the Eastern Plains to end the Liberal revolt, but they were still unsuccessful. In this time, the Liberal leadership in Bogotá realized the Conservatives were not giving up power any time soon, and they wanted to organize a national revolt. In December 1951 and January 1952, Alfonso López Pumarejo, the former Colombian president and leader of the Liberal Party, made visits to the Eastern Plains to renew his alliance with the "cowboys". When López Pumarejo returned to Bogotá he issued declarations stating that the guerrillas were not criminals but were simply fighting for freedom, and in response the Conservative dictatorship shut down the newspapers and imposed strict censorship. 1952 passed with only small skirmishes and no organized guerrilla leader, but by June 1953, Guadalupe Salcedo had assumed command.


title: La Violencia

text: In other parts of Colombia, different rebel groups had formed in throughout 1950; they formed in Antioquia, Tolima, Sumapaz, and the Middle Magdalena Valley. On January 1, 1953, these groups came together to launch an attack against the Palanquero Air Base, with the hope of using the jet planes to bomb Bogotá and force the resignation of the Conservative dictatorship. The attack relied entirely on surprise to be successful, but the rebels were spotted by the sentry posts and were quickly hit with machine gun fire. The attempt was a failure, however it did incite fear into Bogotá elites.


title: La Violencia

text: Most of the armed groups (called guerrillas liberales, a pejorative term) were demobilized during the amnesty declared by General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla after he took power on 13 June 1953. The most prominent Guerrilla leaders, Guadalupe Salcedo and Juan de la Cruz Varela, signed the 1953 agreement.


title: La Violencia

text: Some of the guerrilleros did not surrender to the government and organized into criminal bands or bandoleros, which caused intense military operations against them in 1954. One of them, the guerrillero leader Tirofijo, had changed his political and ideological inclinations from being a Liberal to supporting the Communists during this period, and eventually he became the founder of the communist Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia or FARC.


title: La Violencia

text: Rojas was removed from power on 10 May 1957. Civilian rule was restored after moderate Conservatives and Liberals, with the support of dissident sectors of the military, agreed to unite under a bipartisan coalition known as the National Front and the government of Alberto Lleras Camargo and which included a system of alternating the president and power-sharing both in cabinets and public offices.


title: La Violencia

text: In 1958, Lleras Camargo ordered the creation of the Commission for the Investigation of the Causes of "La Violencia". The commission was headed by the Bishop Germán Guzmán Campos.


title: La Violencia

text: The last bandolero leaders were killed in combat against the army. Jacinto Cruz Usma, alias "Sangrenegra" (Blackblood), died in April 1964 and Efraín Gonzáles in June 1965.


title: La Violencia

text: Due to incomplete or non-existent statistical records, exact measurement of "La Violencia"'s humanitarian consequences is impossible. Scholars, however, estimate that between 200,000 and 300,000 people died; 600,000 to 800,000 were injured; and almost one million people were displaced. "La Violencia" directly or indirectly affected 20 percent of the population.


title: La Violencia

text: "La Violencia" did not acquire its name simply because of the number of people it affected; it was the manner in which most of the killings, maimings, and dismemberings were done. Certain death and torture techniques became so commonplace that they were given names—for example, "picar para tamal", which involved slowly cutting up a living person's body; or "bocachiquiar", where hundreds of small punctures were made until the victim slowly bled to death. Former Senior Director of International Economic Affairs for the United States National Security Council and current President of the Institute for Global Economic Growth, Norman A. Bailey describes the atrocities succinctly: "Ingenious forms of quartering and beheading were invented and given such names as the 'corte de mica', 'corte de corbata' (aka Colombian necktie), and so on. Crucifixions and hangings were commonplace, political 'prisoners' were thrown from airplanes in flight, infants were bayoneted, schoolgirls, some as young as eight years old, were raped "en masse", unborn infants were removed by crude Caesarian section and replaced by roosters, ears were cut off, scalps removed, and so on." While scholars, historians, and analysts have all debated the source of this era of unrest, they have yet to formulate a widely accepted explanation for why it escalated to the notable level it did.


title: La Violencia

text: As a result of "La Violencia", landowners were allowed to create private armies for their security, which was formally legalized in 1965. Holding private armies was made illegal in 1989, only to be made legal once more in 1994.


title: La Violencia

text: The death of the bandoleros and the end of the mobs was not the end of all the violence in Colombia. One communist guerrilla movement, the Peasant Student Workers Movement, started its operations in 1959. Later, other organizations such as the FARC and the National Liberation Army emerged, marking the beginning of a guerrilla insurgency.


title: La Violencia

text: As was common of 20th-century eliminationist political violence, the rationales for action immediately before "La Violencia" were founded on conspiracy theories, each of which blamed the other side as traitors beholden to international cabals. The left were painted as participants in a global Judeo-Masonic conspiracy against Christianity, and the right were painted as agents of a Nazi-Falangist plot against democracy and progress.


title: La Violencia

text: After the death of Gaitán, a conspiracy theory circulating among the left, that leading conservatives and militant priests were involved in a plot with Nazis and Falangists to take control of the country and undo the country's moves toward progress, spurred the violence. This conspiracy theory supplied the rationale for Liberal Party radicals to engage in violence, notably the anti-clerical attacks and killings, particularly in the early years of "La Violencia". Some propaganda leaflets circulating in Medellín blamed a favorite of anti-Catholic conspiracy theorists, the Society of Jesus (Jesuits), for the murder of Gaitán.


title: La Violencia

text: Across the country, militants attacked churches, convents, and monasteries, killing priests and looking for arms, since the conspiracy theory maintained that the clergy had guns, and this despite the fact that not a single serviceable weapon was located in the raids. One priest, Pedro María Ramírez Ramos, was slaughtered with machetes and hauled through the street behind a truck, despite the fact that the militants had previously searched the church grounds and found no weapons.


title: La Violencia

text: Despite the conspiracy theories and propaganda after Gaitán's killing, most on the left learned from their errors in the rioting on 9 April, and stopped believing that priests had harbored weapons.


title: La Violencia

text: The claims by both camps of the existence of some sort of conspiracy made the political environment toxic, increasing the animosity and suspicion of both parties.


title: La Violencia

text: Conservatives likewise had been motivated to fight against a supposed international Judeo-Masonic conspiracy by eliminating the Liberals in their midst. In the two decades prior to "La Violencia", Conservative politicians and churchmen adopted from Europe the Judeo-Masonic conspiracy theory to portray the Liberal Party as involved in an international anti-Christian plot, with many prominent Liberal politicians actually being Freemasons.


title: La Violencia

text: Although the rhetoric of conspiracy was in large part introduced and circulated by some of the clergy, as well as by Conservative politicians, by 1942 many clerics were critical of the Judeo-Masonic conspiracy theory. Jesuits outside of Colombia had already questioned and published disputes of the authenticity of "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion", pushing the concept of a global Judeo-Masonic conspiracy. Colombian clergy were also increasingly influenced in this matter by U.S. clergy; and Pius XI had asked U.S. Jesuit John LaFarge, Jr. to draft an encyclical against anti-Semitism and racism. Allegations of a Judeo-Masonic conspiracy played most prominently in the politics of Laureano Gómez, who directed the Colombian Conservative Party from 1932 to 1953. More provincial politicians followed suit, and the fact that prominent national and local politicians were voicing this conspiracy theory, rather than just a portion of the clergy, gave the idea greater credibility while it gathered momentum among the party members.


title: La Violencia

text: The atrocities that had happened at the outset of the Spanish Civil War in 1936 were seen by both sides as a possible precedent for Colombia, causing both sides to fear it could happen in their country; this also spurred the credibility of the conspiracies and the rationale for violence. anticlerical violence in the Republican zones in Spain in the first months of that war where anarchists, left-wing socialists and independent communists burned churches and murdered nearly 7,000 priests, monks, and nuns, and used this to justify their own mass killings of Jews, Masons, and socialists.


title: Kathryn Harrold

text: Kathryn Harrold (born August 2, 1950) is an American counselor and retired actress, best known for her leading roles in films "The Hunter" (1980), "Modern Romance" (1981), "The Pursuit of D. B. Cooper" (1981), "Yes, Giorgio" (1982), and "Raw Deal" (1986). She had leading roles in horror films "Nightwing" (1979) and "The Sender" (1982). She also played Francine Sanders in HBO's "The Larry Sanders Show".


title: Kathryn Harrold

text: Harrold was born in Tazewell, Virginia, to B.H. and Carolyn Harrold. She attended Tazewell High School and Mills College in Oakland, California, majoring in drama. She studied acting at HB Studio in New York City.


title: Kathryn Harrold

text: Harrold was Steve McQueen's leading lady in the screen legend's final film, "The Hunter" (1980), and Arnold Schwarzenegger's leading lady in the action vehicle "Raw Deal" (1986). She appeared in "Nightwing" (1979), "The Pursuit of D. B. Cooper" (1981), the cult horror film "The Sender" (1982), and co-starred with Luciano Pavarotti in "Yes, Giorgio" (1982). Harrold starred in "Modern Romance" (1981) as the ex-girlfriend of Albert Brooks's character. Harrold also had a supporting role in "Into the Night" (1985), an action/suspense film directed by John Landis, as Paul Mazursky's character's girlfriend.


title: Kathryn Harrold

text: Harrold began her television career playing Nola Dancy Aldrich on the NBC daytime soap opera "The Doctors" from 1976 to 1977. After she left the show, her replacement was Kathleen Turner. In 1978-9 she appeared in several episodes of "The Rockford Files", as a blind psychiatrist with whom Rockford was in love. In the 1980s, she had the leading roles in the short-lived dramas "MacGruder and Loud" (1985), produced by Aaron Spelling, and "The Bronx Zoo" (1987–88), opposite Ed Asner. From 1991 to 1993, she co-starred alongside Regina Taylor and Sam Waterston in the NBC period drama "I'll Fly Away". She later was a regular cast member on "The Larry Sanders Show", playing Francine Sanders.


title: Kathryn Harrold

text: During her career, she appeared in several made-for-television movies, most notably "Women in White" (1979); "Vampire" (1979); and "Bogie" (1980), in which she played movie legend Lauren Bacall, reportedly against Bacall's wishes, and the HBO film "Dead Solid Perfect" (1988) in a leading role opposite Randy Quaid. She also starred in "Man Against the Mob" (1988) with George Peppard, aired on NBC as a TV movie. In the late 1990s, she had a recurring role in the CBS medical drama "Chicago Hope" and the following years guest-starred on "The Practice", "Judging Amy", "", and "Desperate Housewives".


title: Kathryn Harrold

text: On February 14, 1994, Harrold married Lawrence O'Donnell. The couple had one child, Elizabeth, and eventually divorced in 2013. Harrold retrained as a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) and now runs her own counseling practice in Los Angeles, California.


title: Costa Ronin

text: Konstantin "Costa" Ronin (born 3 February 1979) is an Australian actor and cinematographer, best known for appearances in "Red Dog", as Gregorovich on the SBS drama "East West 101", as Oleg Igorevich Burov in the FX drama "The Americans" and as Yevgeny Gromov on "Homeland".


title: Costa Ronin

text: Costa Ronin was born in Kaliningrad, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union (now Russia). He spent the first 17 years of his life in Russia. In his youth, he moved to Wellington, New Zealand with his mother and studied international relations and political science at Victoria University, before moving to Perth, Australia for further tertiary education and, later, to Sydney.


title: Costa Ronin

text: At the age of 15, Ronin commenced working and learned about American culture at a radio station that taught English through music.


title: Costa Ronin

text: Growing up in Kaliningrad, Ronin was taught to sail by his father and grandfather at the age of 5 and remains passionate about it.


title: University of Essex

text: The University of Essex is a public research university in Essex, England. Established by royal charter in 1965, Essex is one of the original plate glass universities. Essex's shield consists of the ancient arms attributed to the Kingdom of Essex, and the motto, "Thought the harder, heart the keener", is adapted from the Anglo-Saxon poem "The Battle of Maldon". The university comprises three campuses with its primary campus located within Wivenhoe Park and campuses in Southend-on-Sea and in Loughton.


title: University of Essex

text: Essex is rated Gold for Teaching Excellence by the TEF since 2017, named University of the Year at the Times Higher Education Awards in 2018, and is ranked an internationally excellent research-intensive university by the REF. Essex's Department of Government received Regius Professorship conferred by Her Majesty, The Queen in 2013 and the university was awarded the Queen's Anniversary Prize on two occasions for advancing Human Rights in 2009 and Social and Economic Research in 2017.