title: Dorian Harewood

text: Harewood portrayed Simon Haley (father of author Alex Haley) in the ABC miniseries "". He is known for starring as Jesse Owens in "The Jesse Owens Story", and for his co-starring role as police psychologist Paul Strobber in the ABC Television series "Strike Force" (starring Robert Stack). He appeared regularly on "Trauma Center" alongside Wendie Malick and Lou Ferrigno, had a recurring role on "China Beach" and was Hank Mitchell in "The Trials of Rosie O'Neill".


title: Dorian Harewood

text: Some of his film work includes disaster movie "Gray Lady Down" (1978), action drama "Tank" (1984), and sci-fi flick "Solar Crisis" (1990). In "Against All Odds" (1984), he appeared as a football player, and was Timothy Hutton (Sean Penn)'s alcoholic coworker in "The Falcon and the Snowman" (1985). Harewood then portrayed a combat veteran in Stanley Kubrick's "Full Metal Jacket" (1987). He appeared in two films in 2003: portraying Mackie Whitaker in "Levity" and Teddy Howard in "Gothika".


title: Dorian Harewood

text: In 1994, he was awarded the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Drama Series, Mini-Series or Television Movie, for his recurring role as jazz/blues saxophonist Clarence "Cool Papa" Charleston on the NBC drama series "I'll Fly Away". The following year, Harewood voiced Hank Aaron in "Hank Aaron: Chasing a Dream", narrating the television movie. He earned an Emmy Award nomination for the special.


title: Dorian Harewood

text: He also played Dr. Julian Wilkes in the NBC (later syndicated) TV series "Viper", and had a recurring role as Rev. Morgan Hamilton in "7th Heaven". Harewood appeared as Eliot Pierce in the Showtime series "The Hoop Life". For his work on this series, Harewood received his second NAACP Image Award nomination, for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series in 2000. He has also dabbled in music, having sung the national anthem at the 1994 Orange Bowl and releasing an album, "Love Will Stop Calling", in 1988.


title: Dorian Harewood

text: As a voice actor, Harewood began playing characters in animation during the 1980s. He voiced A.C. in "The California Raisin Show", portrayed Riley in "", gave voice to Tombstone in "Spider-Man" and voiced Michael Jordan in Saturday morning cartoon "ProStars". He later returned to the "Batman" franchise as Jim Tate in "Batman Beyond". When James Avery was unavailable, Harewood would voice Shredder on "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles". Harewood played Rhodey Rhodes / War Machine in "Iron Man" and "The Incredible Hulk". He provided the voice of Modo in "Biker Mice from Mars" (1993−96), a role which he reprised in the revival of the same name (2006−08).


title: Dorian Harewood

text: Having appeared in over 100 productions in film and television, Harewood has only publicly expressed regret with one: the miniseries "Beulah Land", where he portrayed an overseer named Floyd. He was disgusted with the film's script, and claimed he was "unhappy" and "embarrassed" with the finished production. Harewood has stated he will only accept roles he feels present positive images for African-Americans.


title: Dorian Harewood

text: Harewood married actress Nancy Ann McCurry on February 14, 1979. The couple have two children, Olivia Ruth and John Dorian.


title: Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites

text: A particular church () is an ecclesiastical community of faithful headed by a bishop (or equivalent), as defined by Catholic canon law and ecclesiology. A liturgical rite depends on the particular church the bishop (or equivalent) belongs to. Thus "particular church" refers to an institution, and "liturgical rite" to its ritual practices.


text: In Catholic ecclesiology, a church is an assembly of the faithful, hierarchically ordered, both in the entire world (the Catholic Church), or in a certain territory (a particular church). To be a sacrament (a sign) of the Mystical Body of Christ in the world, a church must have both a head and members (Col. 1:18). The sacramental sign of Christ the head is the sacred hierarchy – the bishops, priests and deacons. More specifically, it is the local bishop, with his priests and deacons gathered around and assisting him in his office of teaching, sanctifying and governing (Mt. 28:19–20; Titus 1:4–9). Thus, the church is fully present sacramentally (by way of a sign) wherever there is a sign of Christ the head, a bishop and those who assist him, and a sign of Christ's body, Christian faithful. Each diocese is therefore considered a particular church. On the worldwide level, the sign of Christ the head is the Pope, and, to be Catholic, particular churches, whether local churches or autonomous ritual churches, must be in communion with this sign of Christ the head. Through this full communion with Saint Peter and his successors the church becomes a universal sacrament of salvation to the end of the age (Mt. 28:20).


text: The word "church" is applied to the Catholic Church as a whole, which is seen as a single church: the multitude of peoples and cultures within the church, and the great diversity of gifts, offices, conditions and ways of life of its members, are not opposed to the church's unity. In this sense of "church", the list of churches in the Catholic Church has only one member, the Catholic Church itself (comprising Roman and Eastern Churches).


text: Within the Catholic Church there are local particular churches, of which dioceses are the most familiar form. Other forms include territorial abbacies, apostolic vicariates and apostolic prefectures. The 1983 Code of Canon Law states: "Particular Churches, in which and from which the one and only Catholic Church exists, are principally dioceses. Unless the contrary is clear, the following are equivalent to a diocese: a territorial prelature, a territorial abbacy, a vicariate apostolic, a prefecture apostolic and a permanently established apostolic administration." A list of Catholic dioceses, of which on 31 December 2011 there were 2,834, is given at "List of Catholic dioceses (alphabetical)".


text: Within the Catholic Church there are also aggregations of local particular churches that share a specific liturgical, theological, spiritual, and canonical heritage, distinguished from other heritages on the basis of cultural and historical circumstances. These are known as autonomous (""sui iuris"") churches. The 1990 Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches defines such a church as follows: "A group of Christ's faithful hierarchically linked in accordance with law and given express or tacit recognition by the supreme authority of the Church is in this Code called an autonomous Church." There are 24 such autonomous Catholic churches: One Latin Church (i.e., "Western") and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches", a distinction by now more historical than geographical. Although each of them has its own specific heritage, they are all in full communion with the Pope in Rome.


text: Unlike "families" or "federations" of churches formed through the grant of mutual recognition by distinct ecclesial bodies, the Catholic Church considers itself a single church ("full communion, "one Body") composed of a multitude of particular churches, each of which, as stated, is an embodiment of the fullness of the one Catholic Church. For the particular churches within the Catholic Church, whether autonomous ritual churches (e.g., Coptic Catholic Church, Melkite Catholic Church, Armenian Catholic Church, etc.) or dioceses (e.g., Archdiocese of Birmingham, Archdiocese of Chicago, etc.), are seen as not simply branches, divisions or sections of a larger body. Theologically, each is considered to be the embodiment in a particular place or for a particular community of the one, whole Catholic Church. "It is in these and formed out of them that the one and unique Catholic Church exists."


text: There are 24 autonomous churches: one Latin Church and twenty-three Eastern Catholic Churches, a distinction by now more historical than geographical. The term "sui iuris" means, literally, "of its own law", or self-governing. Although all of the particular churches espouse the same beliefs and faith, their distinction lies in their varied expression of that faith through their traditions, disciplines, and canon law. All are in communion with the Holy See.


text: For this kind of particular church, the 1983 "Code of Canon Law" uses the unambiguous phrase "autonomous ritual Church" (). The 1990 "Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches", which is concerned principally with what the Second Vatican Council called "particular Churches or rites", shortened this to "autonomous Church" ().


text: In Catholic teaching, each diocese (Latin Church term) or eparchy (Eastern term) is also a local or particular church, though it lacks the autonomy of the autonomous churches described above:


text: The "1983 Code of Canon Law", which is concerned with the Latin Church alone and so with only one "autonomous" particular church, uses the term "particular Church" only in the sense of "local Church", as in its Canon 373:


text: The standard form of these local or particular churches, each of which is headed by a bishop, is called a diocese in the Latin Church and an eparchy in the Eastern churches. At the end of 2011, the total number of all these jurisdictional areas (or "sees") was 2,834.


text: The Holy See, the Diocese of Rome, is seen as the central local church. The bishop, the Pope, is considered to be, in a unique sense, the successor of Saint Peter, the chief (or "prince") of the apostles. Quoting the Second Vatican Council's document "Lumen gentium", the "Catechism of the Catholic Church" states: "The Pope, Bishop of Rome and Peter's successor, 'is the perpetual and visible source and foundation of the unity both of the bishops and of the whole company of the faithful.


text: All the Catholic particular churches, whether Latin or Eastern, local or autonomous—are by definition in full communion with the Holy See of Rome.


text: The Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches defines "rite" as follows: "Rite is the liturgical, theological, spiritual and disciplinary heritage, distinguished according to peoples' culture and historical circumstances, that finds expression in each autonomous church's way of living the faith."


text: As thus defined, "rite" concerns not only a people's liturgy (manner of worship), but also its theology (understanding of doctrine), spirituality (prayer and devotion), and discipline (canon law).


text: In this sense of the word "rite", the list of rites within the Catholic Church is identical with that of the autonomous churches, each of which has its own heritage, which distinguishes that church from others, and membership of a church involves participation in its liturgical, theological, spiritual and disciplinary heritage. However, "church" refers to the people, and "rite" to their heritage.


text: The Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches states that the rites with which it is concerned (but which it does not list) spring from the following five traditions: Alexandrian, Antiochian, Armenian, Chaldean, and Constantinopolitan. Since it covers only Eastern Catholic churches and rites, it does not mention those of Western (Latin) tradition.


text: The word "rite" is sometimes used with reference only to liturgy, ignoring the theological, spiritual and disciplinary elements in the heritage of the churches. In this sense, "rite" has been defined as "the whole complex of the (liturgical) services of any Church or group of Churches".


text: Between "rites" in this exclusively liturgical sense and the autonomous churches there is no strict correspondence, such as there is when "rite" is understood as in the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches. The 14 autonomous churches of Byzantine tradition have a single liturgical rite, but vary mainly in liturgical language, while on the contrary the single Latin Church has several distinct liturgical rites, whose universal main form, the Roman Rite, is practised in Latin or in the local vernacular).


title: Biker Mice from Mars

text: Biker Mice from Mars is an American science fiction action animated series created by Rick Ungar. The series premiered in syndication the week of September 19, 1993. It consists of three seasons of 65 episodes, with the final episode airing in syndication the week of February 24, 1996.


title: Biker Mice from Mars

text: The show follows three anthropomorphic mice motorcyclists named Throttle, Modo, and Vinnie who escape a war on their home planet Mars before arriving to defend the Earth from the evil that destroyed their homeland (the Plutarkians) and to one day return to Mars. The mice's signature weapons consist of a cestus and a laser pistol (Throttle), a bionic arm with built-in laser blaster (Modo), and flares (Vinnie). Despite the frequent battles, no blood is shown, and many villains are monsters, aliens, and robots.


title: Biker Mice from Mars

text: Ownership of the series passed to Disney in 2001 when Disney acquired Fox Kids Worldwide, which also includes Marvel Productions. The series is not available on Disney+.


title: Biker Mice from Mars

text: On the planet Mars, there existed a race of anthropomorphic mice who enjoyed motorsports and had a very similar culture and society to that of human beings. At some point in time they were all but wiped out by the Plutarkians, an alien race of obese, foul-smelling, worm-eating, fish-like humanoids who plunder other planets' natural resources because they have wasted all of their own. Three survivors: Throttle, Modo and Vinnie, manage to find a spaceship and escape the Plutarkian takeover but they are soon shot down by a Plutarkian warship and end up crash-landing on Earth in the city of Chicago, specifically in the scoreboard of Quigley Field. There they meet a charming female mechanic named Charlene "Charley" Davidson and discover that the Plutarkians have come to Earth to steal its natural resources.


title: Biker Mice from Mars

text: The Biker Mice investigate the crumbling ghetto of the windy city and soon discover that Chicago's leading industrialist, Lawrence Limburger, is actually a Plutarkian who disguises himself as a human, plotting to ransack Earth's resources to send to his own dying planet. Limburger enlists two henchmen, mad scientist Dr. Karbunkle and the idiotic Greasepit to help him steal Earth's natural resources and send them to Plutark with the help of some supervillains that they transport from another location in the galaxy. The Biker Mice dedicate themselves as heroic vigilantes destined to stop Limburger's evil schemes. The most frequent sign of victory is destroying Limburger's tall tower, forcing him to constantly spend money and time to rebuild it by the next episode.


title: Biker Mice from Mars

text: In most episodes, Limburger orders Karbunkle to use the transporter to bring into Chicago one of the very powerful supervillains in the universe. Generally each of them have one special ability which is useful for Limburger's plan in hand. Most of them seem to use an asteroid station called Black Rock as their main hideout when they are not summoned by those willing to pay for their services. On one notable occasion in the episode "A Scent, a Memory, a Far Distant Cheese", Limburger and Karbunkle accidentally got sucked into the transporter and appear at the Black Rock where all the villains up to that episode confront him for not paying them as they asked for. The episode "Diet of Worms" shows that the other Plutarkians can use the same supervillains.


title: Biker Mice from Mars

text: The series has been aired from 1993 to 1996 in the United States on many first-run syndicated affiliates.


title: Biker Mice from Mars

text: The series has been aired on the YTV/Fox Kids (English) and Le Canal Famille (French) channels in Canada.


title: Biker Mice from Mars

text: In the United Kingdom from 1994 to 1997, the series was aired on Channel 4 and from 1998–99 on its youth strand T4. CITV on ITV2 re-ran the series at 07.55 Monday to Friday for a 10-week strip from early September 2006. It was repeated on ITV2 at 08.25 Monday to Friday for 10 weeks from March 27, 2007.


title: Biker Mice from Mars

text: The cartoon was broadcast in the Republic of Ireland on RTÉ Two on weekday afternoons from 11 September 1995 to 1996.


title: Biker Mice from Mars

text: The "Biker Mice from Mars" returned to television in 2006. The 2006 "Biker Mice from Mars" series is a continuation of the story, while giving more airtime to another character, General Stoker.


title: Biker Mice from Mars

text: The new 28-episode series began airing in the United Kingdom on "Toonattik" on GMTV on August 26, 2006. However, due to production problems at the studio in the Philippines the series was not finalized until late 2007, resulting in the launch in the United States and many other countries being delayed until 2008 as it still needed to be dubbed.


title: Biker Mice from Mars

text: The series was largely influenced by the major toy line that was manufactured by Italian giant, Giochi Preziosi in 2005. GP retained Pangea as developers of the toy line, working in tandem with creator and executive producer, Rick Ungar. Characters, vehicles, and weapons used in the series were first developed by Pangea and turned over to G7 Animation for integration into the series. The team of Ungar, G7, and Pangea collaborated in order to maintain consistency between the intellectual property and the execution of the primary toy range, as the GP licensing monies were utilized to set in motion the series development.


title: Biker Mice from Mars

text: A "Biker Mice from Mars" video game was released by Konami for the Super NES in 1994. The PAL version features extensive advertisements for Snickers candy bars. A "Biker Mice from Mars" game was also planned for Sega Mega Drive but it was never released.


title: Biker Mice from Mars

text: In 2006, another "Biker Mice from Mars" video game was released based on the 2006 revival in Finland, Australia and the United Kingdom for the Nintendo DS and PlayStation 2 platforms. The game did not receive any major positive ratings although it was a major sales success throughout Scandinavia.


title: Biker Mice from Mars

text: In 2015, a "Biker Mice from Mars" mobile game was released by 9thImpact for iOS and Android devices through the App Store and Google Play Store. The game is divided into episodes, each with a different storyline which unfolds as the player completes the levels. Commenting on the new game, series creator Rick Ungar said that Biker Mice fans would enjoy the snappy banter, classic catchphrases and irreverent satire that they would expect from the series, in addition to the non-stop action.


title: Biker Mice from Mars

text: Marvel Comics published a three-issue series in the early 1990s. A fourth issue was solicited on the reader's page.


title: Biker Mice from Mars

text: Marvel UK published its own series. The whole American series and portions of the British series were published in Germany (also by Marvel UK) in 7 magazine-sized issues from 1994 to 1995.


title: Mosul (2019 action film)

text: Mosul is a 2019 Arabic-language American war action film written and directed by Matthew Michael Carnahan. The film is based on the 2016 Battle of Mosul, which saw Iraqi Government forces and coalition allies defeat ISIS who had controlled the city since June 2014.


title: Mosul (2019 action film)

text: During the Battle of Mosul, three Mosuli policemen arrest ISIS drug smugglers. However, they are soon overrun by ISIS and run out of ammo while defending themselves inside a cafe building. One of the police officers, Kawa, a 21 year old Kurd recently enlisted as a police officer, loses his uncle during the gunfight. The Nineveh Swat Team, while going on a mission of their own, find the stranded police officers and save them from the ISIS group, as well as execute the drug smugglers. The Nineveh SWAT Team, a police division made up of men native to Mosul who lost family members to ISIS and led by Commander Major Jasem, offers Kawa to join them since he lost his uncle to ISIS and is thus eligible to become part of their team. He accepts, while his partner, the other police officer named Jameel, offers to take Kawa's uncle's body for burial.


title: Mosul (2019 action film)

text: The SWAT team continue their mission. Kawa repeatedly asks about their mission objective but is always ignored. While resting inside an abandoned building, Kawa and Jasem notice Kawa's previous partner, Jameel, returning and signalling to an ISIS car bomber the location of the SWAT team. Tomahawk, one of the SWAT team members, dies during the bomb blast. Commander Jasem gives Tomahawk's axe to Kawa. As they take the body of their fallen SWAT member for burial, Kawa grows repeatedly frustrated as no one answers his questions and no one trusts him while Hooka accuses him of being a traitor's partner.


title: Mosul (2019 action film)

text: While crossing into the ISIS-held part of Mosul, the SWAT team and the surrounding civilians come under fire from ISIS gunmen shooting from a rooftop and Hooka is killed. As the SWAT team clear the rooftop and plan their next course of action, an explosive-laden drone targets one of the SWAT men's Humvees. A second explosive-laden drone is shot down by an Iranian Special Forces Operative Colonel, Isfahani, who is commanding the Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) in Mosul. He offers SWAT AK-47 ammo to the team in exchange for cigarette cartons. As the SWAT men meet with the PMF and Jasem barters with Isfahani, Jasem realizes that one of the PMF's prisoners is Kawa's partner Jameel. Jameel explains that he was captured by the ISIS group and threatened with the assassination of his grandson in Michigan unless he informs them of the SWAT team's location. Tensions between SWAT and the PMF rise rapidly when Jasem and Ishfahani argue on what to do with Jameel, but Kawa uses the axe he was given and kills Jameel, de-escalating the situation. Waleed then exchanges Hooka's hookah for an RPG with a single rocket, intending to attack an ISIS camp they've seen earlier from the rooftop.


title: Mosul (2019 action film)

text: As they leave, Commander Jasem explains to Kawa that his SWAT team have gone against his superiors' command in the Police to not undergo this mission; he begins to answer Kawa's repeated questions about the mission. However, Kawa stops him and informs him he doesn't want to know anymore and that he'll just follow Jasem's commands. The SWAT team continue their mission and reach a road block, which forces them to fight outside their Humvees. Youness is accidentally killed by friendly fire, while Kawa gets injured by a friendly fire grenade and gets facially disfigured and is covered with a balaclava. As the team proceed by foot and enter a building, Razak is killed in close quarter combat and Sinan sustains a stab wound.


title: Mosul (2019 action film)

text: The SWAT team proceed to attack the ISIS camp and Akram dies after being shot. As they're securing the ISIS camp, Jasem, who has a habit of cleaning trash from any area he is in despite its destruction, accidentally triggers an ISIS booby trap and is killed. With the death of their commander, the SWAT team suffer great morale loss. However, Kawa succeeds in reminding them of their mission. Waleed leads the remainder of the SWAT group, now down to 6 members, into an apartment complex where he uses a spare key he had hidden in his shoe to open an apartment door. He kills an ISIS member who has taken Waleed's wife Hayat along with her daughter Dunya for forced marriage.


title: Mosul (2019 action film)

text: Kawa finally understands the objective of the SWAT mission, learning that the group had been carrying missions to liberate members of their families captured by ISIS. As he learns that Amir's son is close to their location, he asks how far.


title: Mosul (2019 action film)

text: The film was inspired by Luke Mogelson's article “The Desperate Battle to Destroy ISIS.” as published in "The New Yorker". and was shot in Marrakesh, Morocco.


title: Mosul (2019 action film)

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of based on reviews, with an average rating of 7.30/10. The site's critics consensus reads: "With a fresh perspective to balance the familiar Middle Eastern war violence, "Mosul" hits its targets forcefully." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 71 out of 100, based on 5 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews." After high viewership in Europe and the Middle East, cast members began receiving death threats on social media from individuals claiming to be affiliated with ISIS.


title: Edmen Shahbazyan

text: Edmen Shahbazyan (born November 20, 1997) is an American mixed martial artist competing in the middleweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC).


title: Edmen Shahbazyan

text: Edmen Shahbazyan fights out of Glendale, California. His older brother, Leon, is also a professional fighter. Edmen started training in martial arts at the age of 9 and trained at his former gym Glendale Fighting Club since the age of 12. As a teenager, he served as a training partner for Ronda Rousey. Shahbazyan initially attended Glendale High School, but transferred to Herbert Hoover High School from where he graduated. During his time in Hoover High, he wrestled and reached the CIF State Wrestling Championship tournament.


title: Edmen Shahbazyan

text: Shahbazyan made his professional debut in mixed martial arts on February 25, 2017 at CXF 6. He faced Selah Williams and won by technical knockout in the first round. Edmen continued fighting for mixed martial arts promotions in California and compiled a 6–0 record, winning all fights by first-round knockout.


title: Edmen Shahbazyan

text: Shahbazyan was invited to participate on Dana White's Contender Series 13 of Dana White's Contender Series. Edmen faced Antonio Jones, winning by technical knockout only 40 seconds into the first round. His performance led to White offering him a contract to fight in the UFC.


title: Edmen Shahbazyan

text: Shahbazyan debuted in the UFC on November 30, 2018 at against Darren Stewart. He won the fight via split decision.


title: Edmen Shahbazyan

text: Shahbazyan's next fight was against Charles Byrd at UFC 235. He won the fight by first-round knockout.


title: Edmen Shahbazyan

text: Shahbazyan faced Jack Marshman on July 6, 2019 at UFC 239. He won the fight via a rear-naked choke submission in the first round.


title: Edmen Shahbazyan

text: Shahbazyan was expected to face Krzysztof Jotko on November 2, 2019 at UFC 244. However, Jotko withdrew from the bout and was replaced by Brad Tavares. After initially knocking Tavares down via a punch, Shahbazyan won the fight via a head kick KO in the first round.


title: Edmen Shahbazyan

text: Shahbazyan was expected to face Derek Brunson on March 7, 2020 at UFC 248. However it was announced on February 20 that the bout had been rescheduled and would take place on April 11, 2020 at . Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the event was postponed and eventually scheduled for August 1, 2020 at . Shahbazyan lost the fight via technical knockout in round three.


title: Edmen Shahbazyan

text: During the walkout Shahbazyan carried a flag of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, an internationally unrecognized regime. This was done in support after minor clashes took place in the area during that time. After the bout, the Consul General of Azerbaijan in Los Angeles Nasimi Aghayev sent a protest regarding the incident to the UFC. As an outcome Shahbazyan apologized to the UFC for breaking the rules and causing controversy, and also lost his Reebok sponsor money.


title: Edmen Shahbazyan

text: Shahbazyan was scheduled to face Jack Hermansson on May 15, 2021 at UFC 262. However, for unknown reasons the bout was postponed and took place at on May 22, 2021. He lost the bout via unanimous decision after being dominated by Hermansson's grappling in rounds 2 and 3.


title: Edmen Shahbazyan

text: Shahbazyan faced Nassourdine Imavov on November 6, 2021 at UFC 268. He lost the fight via TKO due to elbows from crucifix position in round two.


title: Edmen Shahbazyan

text: Shahbazyan face Dalcha Lungiambula on December 10, 2022, at UFC 282. He won the fight via technical knockout in round two. This win earned him the "Performance of the Night" award.


title: Apple electric car project

text: The Apple electric car project (codenamed "Titan") is an electric car project undergoing research and development by Apple Inc. Apple has yet to openly discuss any of its self-driving research, but around 5,000 employees were reported to be working on the project . In May 2018, Apple reportedly partnered with Volkswagen to produce an autonomous employee shuttle van based on the T6 Transporter commercial vehicle platform. In August 2018, the BBC reported that Apple had 66 road-registered driverless cars, with 111 drivers registered to operate those cars. In 2020, it is believed that Apple is still working on self driving related hardware, software and service as a potential product, instead of actual Apple-branded cars. In December 2020, Reuters reported that Apple was planning on a possible launch date of 2024, but analyst Ming-Chi Kuo claimed it would not be launched before 2025 and might not be launched until 2028 or later.


title: Apple electric car project

text: The project was rumored to be approved by Apple CEO Tim Cook in late 2014 and assigned to Vice President Steve Zadesky, a former Ford engineer as project in-charge. For the project, Apple was rumored to have hired Johann Jungwirth, the former-president and chief executive of Mercedes-Benz Research and Development North America, as well as at least one transmission engineer.


title: Apple electric car project

text: By February 2015, it was rumored that a substantial number of Apple employees were working on an electric car project, with Apple hiring new employees for the project as well. Reports in February 2015 indicated that the company had been offering incentives to Tesla employees to join Apple. In February 2015, "The Wall Street Journal" reported that the product would resemble more of a minivan than a car, and "The Sydney Morning Herald" said at that time that production could start as soon as 2020.


title: Apple electric car project

text: In February 2015, Apple board member Mickey Drexler stated that Apple co-founder and CEO Steve Jobs had plans to design and build a car, and that discussions about the concept surfaced around the time that Tesla Motors debuted its first car in 2008. In November 2015, Former Apple iPod Senior VP Tony Fadell confirmed that Steve Jobs was interested in an Apple car back in 2008, shortly after the original iPhone was introduced. In May 2015, Apple investor Carl Icahn stated that he believed rumors that Apple would enter the automobile market in 2020, and that logically Apple would view this car as "the ultimate mobile device".


title: Apple electric car project

text: In August 2015, "The Guardian" reported that Apple were meeting with officials from GoMentum Station, a testing ground for connected and autonomous vehicles at the former Concord Naval Weapons Station in Concord, California. In September 2015, there were reports that Apple were meeting with self-driving car experts from the California Department of Motor Vehicles. According to "The Wall Street Journal" in September 2015, it will be a battery electric vehicle, initially lacking full autonomous driving capability, with a possible unveiling around 2019.


title: Apple electric car project

text: In October 2015, Tim Cook stated about the car industry that: "It would seem like there will be massive change in that industry, massive change. You may not agree with that. That's what I think... We'll see what we do in the future. I do think that the industry is at an inflection point for massive change." Cook enumerated ways that the modern descendants of the Ford Model T would be shaken to the very chassis—the growing importance of software in the car of the future, the rise of autonomous vehicles, and the shift from an internal combustion engine to electrification.


title: Apple electric car project

text: In November 2015, various websites reported that suspected Apple front SixtyEight Research had attended an auto body conference in Europe. Also in November 2015, after unknown EV startup Faraday Future announced a $1 billion U.S. factory project, some speculated that it might actually be a front for Apple's secret car project. In late 2015, Apple contracted Torc Robotics to retrofit two Lexus SUVs with sensors in a project known internally as Baja.


title: Apple electric car project

text: In 2016, Tesla Motors CEO Elon Musk stated that Apple will probably make a compelling electric car: "It's pretty hard to hide something if you hire over a thousand engineers to do it." In May 2016, there were reports indicating Apple was interested in electric car charging stations.


title: Apple electric car project

text: "The Wall Street Journal" reported on July 25, 2016, that Apple had convinced retired senior hardware engineering executive Bob Mansfield to return and take over the Titan project. A few days later, on July 29, "Bloomberg Technology" reported that Apple had hired Dan Dodge, the founder and former chief executive officer of QNX, BlackBerry Ltd.’s automotive software division. According to "Bloomberg", Dodge's hiring heralded a shift in emphasis at Apple's Project Titan, in which the company will give first priority to creating software for autonomous vehicles. However, the story said that Apple would continue to develop a vehicle of its own. On September 9, "The New York Times" reported dozens of layoffs in an effort to reboot, presumably from a team still numbering around 1,000.


title: Apple electric car project

text: The following week, reports surfaced that Magna International, a contract vehicle manufacturer, had a small team working at Apple's Sunnyvale lab.


title: Apple electric car project

text: After a period of no new reports, car project news flared up again in mid-April 2017, as word spread that Apple was permitted to test autonomous vehicles on California roads. In mid-June, Tim Cook in an interview with "Bloomberg TV" said Apple was "focusing on autonomous systems" but not necessarily leading to an actual Apple car product, leaving speculation about Apple's role in the convergence of three disruptive "vectors of change": autonomous systems, electric vehicles and ride-sharing services.


title: Apple electric car project

text: In mid-August, various sources reported that the car project was focusing on autonomous systems, now expected to test its technology in the real world using a company-operated inter-campus shuttle service between the main Infinite Loop campus in Cupertino and various Silicon Valley offices, including the new Apple Park. Then at the end of August, around 17 former Titan team members, braking and suspension engineers with Detroit experience, were hired by autonomous vehicle startup Zoox.


title: Apple electric car project

text: October 2016 reports claimed the Titan project has a 2017 deadline to determine its fate - prove its practicality and viability, set a final direction.


title: Apple electric car project

text: In November 2017, Apple employees Yin Zhou and Oncel Tuzel published a paper on VoxelNet, which uses a convolutional neural network to detect three dimensional objects using lidar.


title: Apple electric car project

text: Transportation/tech website "Jalopnik" reported in late November that Apple was recruiting automotive test engineering and tech talent for autonomous systems work, and appeared to be surreptitiously leasing, via third parties, a former Fiat Chrysler proving grounds site in Surprise, Arizona (originally Wittman). Also in 2017, "The New York Times" suggested that Apple had stopped developing its own self-driving car. In response to such reports, Apple CEO Tim Cook acknowledged publicly that year that the company was working on autonomous-car technology.


title: Apple electric car project

text: In January 2018, the company registered 27 self-driving vehicles with California's Department of Motor Vehicles.


title: Apple electric car project

text: In May 2018, an article in "The New York Times" reported on major project news. After proposed partnership arrangements with Germany's high-end brands BMW and Mercedes-Benz failed, as did potential alliances with Nissan, BYD Auto, McLaren Automotive, and others, Apple reportedly partnered with Volkswagen to produce an autonomous employee shuttle van based on the T6 Transporter commercial vehicle platform. The T6 Transports would be transformed into autonomous electric versions at VW's Italdesign subsidiary in Turin, Italy, with the frame, wheels, and chassis remaining the same.


title: Apple electric car project

text: While Apple does its best to keep its autonomous vehicles plans secret, regulatory filings do provide some factual insight into its activities. In September 2018, Apple was reportedly in third place in the number of California autonomous vehicle permits with 70, behind GM's Cruise (175) and Alphabet's Waymo (88).


title: Apple electric car project

text: On July 7, 2018, a former Apple employee was arrested by the FBI for allegedly stealing trade secrets about Apple's self-driving car project. He was charged by federal prosecutors. The criminal complaint against the former employee revealed that at that time, Apple still had yet to openly discuss any of its self-driving research, with around 5,000 employees disclosed on the project.


title: Apple electric car project

text: In August 2018, Doug Field, formerly senior vice president of engineering at Tesla, became the leader of Apple's Titan team.


title: Apple electric car project

text: On August 24, 2018, it was reported that one of Apple's self-driving car had apparently been involved in a crash, when it was rear-ended during road-testing. The crash occurred while the car was at a stop, waiting to merge into traffic about 3.5 miles from Apple's headquarters in Cupertino, with no reported injuries. At the time, the BBC reported that Apple had 66 road-registered driverless cars, with 111 drivers registered to operate those cars.


title: Apple electric car project

text: In August 2018, there were reports about an Apple patent of a system that warns riders ahead of time about what an autonomous car would do, purportedly to alleviate the discomfort of surprise.


title: Apple electric car project

text: In January 2019, Apple laid off more than 200 employees from their 'Project Titan' autonomous vehicle team.


title: Apple electric car project

text: In early December, Bloomberg reported that Apple artificial intelligence lead John Giannandrea is overseeing Apple Car development as prior lead Bob Mansfield has retired. A few weeks later, Reuters reported that Apple was working towards a possible launch date of 2024 according to two unnamed insiders.


title: Apple electric car project

text: On January 8, the "Korea Economic Daily" reported that Hyundai were in early discussions with Apple to jointly develop and produce self-driving electric cars. On January 12, The Verge Reported Apple held talks with EV startup Canoo in 2020. The two companies discussed options ranging from investment to an acquisition. Some weeks later, in late January, Apple announced some upper-level engineering changes, leading some Apple-watchers to speculate if Dan Riccio's "new chapter at Apple" might indicate leadership of the Titan project (or something altogether unrelated, such as augmented/virtual reality headset or deluxe noise-cancelling headphones). By early February, it appeared that Apple was close to a $3.59B deal with Hyundai to use its Kia Motors' West Point, Georgia manufacturing plant for the car, a fully autonomous machine without a driver's seat. However, in February 2021, Hyundai and Kia confirmed that they were not in talks with Apple to develop a car. Adding further credence to Apple's automotive aspirations, "Business Insider Deutschland" (Germany) reported that Apple had hired Porsche VP of Chassis Development, Dr. Manfred Harrer. After rumors coming from "Financial Times" about Apple talking to several Japanese car companies about the Apple Car project after the Hyundai-Kia rumor, Nissan came out to Reuters as saying it is not in any of these discussions. The next Apple Car speculation was that Apple was shopping around for Lidar navigation sensor suppliers for its project.


title: Apple electric car project

text: An industry source told "The Korea Times" that Apple was working in Korea to build up its supply chain. Later in 2021, Apple was reportedly in talks with Toyota as well as Korean partners for production to commence in 2024.


title: John Banville

text: William John Banville (born 8 December 1945) is an Irish novelist, short story writer, adapter of dramas and screenwriter. Though he has been described as "the heir to Proust, via Nabokov", Banville himself maintains that W. B. Yeats and Henry James are the two real influences on his work.


title: John Banville

text: Banville has won the 1976 James Tait Black Memorial Prize, the 2003 International Nonino Prize, the 2005 Booker Prize, the 2011 Franz Kafka Prize, the 2013 Austrian State Prize for European Literature and the 2014 Prince of Asturias Award for Literature. Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 2007, Italy made him a "" of the Ordine della Stella d'Italia (essentially a knighthood) in 2017. He is a former member of Aosdána, having voluntarily relinquished the financial stipend in 2001 to another, more impoverished, writer.


title: John Banville

text: Born at Wexford in south-east Ireland, Banville published his first novel, "Nightspawn", in 1971. A second, "Birchwood", followed two years later. "The Revolutions Trilogy", published between 1976 and 1982, comprises three works, each named in reference to a renowned scientist: "Doctor Copernicus", "Kepler" and "The Newton Letter". His next work, "Mefisto", had a mathematical theme. His 1989 novel "The Book of Evidence", shortlisted for the Booker Prize and winner of that year's Guinness Peat Aviation award, heralded a second trilogy, three works which deal in common with the work of art. "The Frames Trilogy" is completed by "Ghosts" and "Athena", both published during the 1990s. Banville's thirteenth novel, "The Sea", won the Booker Prize in 2005. In addition, he publishes crime novels as Benjamin Black — most of these feature the character of Quirke, an Irish pathologist based in Dublin.


title: John Banville

text: William John Banville was born to Agnes (née Doran) and Martin Banville, a garage clerk, in Wexford, Ireland. He is the youngest of three siblings; his older brother Vincent is also a novelist and has written under the name Vincent Lawrence as well as his own. His sister Anne Veronica "Vonnie" Banville-Evans has written both a children's novel and a memoir of growing up in Wexford. Banville stole a collection of Dylan Thomas's poetry from Wexford County Library while in his teens.


title: John Banville

text: Banville was educated at CBS Primary, Wexford, a Christian Brothers school, and at St Peter's College, Wexford. Despite having intended to be a painter and an architect, he did not attend university. Banville has described this as "A great mistake. I should have gone. I regret not taking that four years of getting drunk and falling in love. But I wanted to get away from my family. I wanted to be free." Alternately he has stated that college would have had little benefit for him: "I don't think I would have learned much more, and I don't think I would have had the nerve to tackle some of the things I tackled as a young writer if I had been to university – I would have been beaten into submission by my lecturers."


title: John Banville

text: After school he worked as a clerk at Aer Lingus, which allowed him to travel at deeply discounted rates. He took advantage of these rates to travel in Greece and Italy. On his return to Ireland, he became a sub-editor at "The Irish Press", rising eventually to the position of chief sub-editor. before "The Irish Press" collapsed in 1995, Banville became a sub-editor at "The Irish Times". He was appointed literary editor in 1998. "The Irish Times", too, endured financial troubles, and Banville was offered the choice of taking a redundancy package or working as a features department sub-editor. He left.


title: John Banville

text: Banville has two sons from a marriage to the American textile artist Janet Dunham, whom he met in the United States during the 1960s. Asked in 2012 about the breakdown of that marriage, Banville's immediate thoughts focused on the effect it had on his children; "It was hard on them", he said. Banville later went on to have two daughters from another relationship. He lives in Dublin.


title: John Banville

text: Banville published his first book, a collection of short stories titled "Long Lankin", in 1970. He has disowned his first published novel, "Nightspawn", describing it as "crotchety, posturing, absurdly pretentious".


title: John Banville

text: As an unknown writer in the 1980s, he toured Dublin's bookshops — "and we had a lot of bookshops back then" — around the time of the publication of his novel "Kepler" "and there wasn't a single one of any of my books anywhere". But, he noted in 2012, "I didn't feel badly about it because I was writing the kinds of books I wanted to write. And I had no one but myself to blame if I wasn't making money, that wasn't anybody's fault. Nobody was obliged to buy my books".


title: John Banville

text: Banville has written three trilogies: the first, "The Revolutions Trilogy", focused on great men of science and consisted of "Doctor Copernicus" (1976), "Kepler" (1981), and "The Newton Letter" (1982). He said he became interested in Kepler and other men of science after reading Arthur Koestler's "The Sleepwalkers." He realised that, like him, scientists were trying to impose order in their work.


title: John Banville

text: The second trilogy, sometimes referred to collectively as "The Frames Trilogy", consists of "The Book of Evidence" (1989), with several of its characters being featured in "Ghosts" (1993); "Athena" (1995) is the third to feature an unreliable narrator and explore the power of works of art.


title: John Banville

text: The third trilogy consists of "Eclipse", "Shroud" and "Ancient Light", all of which concern the characters Alexander and Cass Cleave.


title: John Banville

text: He wrote fondly of John McGahern, who lost his job amid condemnation by his workplace and the Catholic Church for becoming intimately involved with a foreign woman. While on a book tour of the United States in March 2006, Banville received a telephone call: "I have bad news, I'm afraid. John Banville is dead". However, Banville was aware that McGahern had been unwell and, having performed the necessary checks to ensure that he was still alive, concluded that it was McGahern who was dead instead. And it was.


title: John Banville

text: Beginning with "Christine Falls", published in 2006, Banville has written crime fiction under the pen name Benjamin Black. He writes his Benjamin Black crime fiction much more quickly than he composes his literary novels. He appreciates his work as Black as a craft, while as Banville he is an artist. He considers crime writing, in his own words, as being "cheap fiction". In a July 2008 interview with Juan José Delaney in the Argentine newspaper "La Nación", Banville was asked if his books had been translated into Irish. He replied that nobody would translate them and that he was often referred to pejoratively as a West Brit.


title: John Banville

text: He wrote an account of Caravaggio's 1602 painting "The Taking of Christ" for the book "Lines of Vision", released in 2014 to mark the 150th anniversary of the National Gallery of Ireland.


title: John Banville

text: He provided a contribution to "Sons+Fathers", a book published in 2015 to provide funds for the Irish Hospice Foundation's efforts to give care to terminally ill patients within their own homes.


title: John Banville

text: Banville is highly scathing of all of his work, stating of his books: "I hate them all ... I loathe them. They're all a standing embarrassment." Instead of dwelling on the past he is continually looking forward, "You have to crank yourself up every morning and think about all the awful stuff you did yesterday, and how you can compensate for that by doing better today." He does not read reviews of his work as he already knows — "better than any reviewer" — the places in which its faults lie.


title: John Banville

text: His typical writing day begins with a drive from his home in Dublin to his office by the river. He writes from 9 a.m. until lunch. He then dines on bread, cheese and tea and resumes working until 6 p.m., at which time he returns home. He writes on two desks at right angles to each other, one facing a wall and the other facing a window through which he has no view and never cleans. He advises against young writers approaching him for advice: "I remind them as gently as I can, that they are on their own, with no help available anywhere". He has compared writing to the life of an athlete: "It's asking an awful lot of one's self. Every day you have to do your absolute best — it's a bit like being a sportsman. You have to perform at the absolute top of your game, six, seven, eight hours a day — that's very, very wearing".


title: John Banville

text: Banville is considered by critics as a master stylist of English, and his writing has been described as perfectly crafted, beautiful, dazzling. He is known for his dark humour, and sharp, wintery wit. He has been described as "the heir to Proust, via Nabokov".


title: John Banville

text: Don DeLillo describes Banville's work as "dangerous and clear-running prose", David Mehegan of "The Boston Globe" calls him "one of the great stylists writing in English today", Val Nolan in "The Sunday Business Post" calls his style "lyrical, fastidious, and occasionally hilarious"; "The Observer" described "The Book of Evidence" as "flawlessly flowing prose whose lyricism, patrician irony and aching sense of loss are reminiscent of "Lolita"." Gerry Dukes, reviewing "The Sea" in the "Irish Independent", hailed Banville as a "lord of language".


title: John Banville

text: Michael Ross has stated that Banville is "perhaps the only living writer capable of advancing fiction beyond the point reached by Beckett".


title: John Banville

text: Banville has said that he is "trying to blend poetry and fiction into some new form". He writes in the Hiberno-English dialect and dreads this being lost if he were to move abroad as other Irish writers have done.


title: John Banville

text: Four of Banville's novels (and one of Black's) have featured the trope of a character's eyes darting back and forth "like a spectator at a tennis match".


title: John Banville

text: Banville said in an interview with "The Paris Review" that he liked Vladimir Nabokov's style; however, he went on, "But I always thought there was something odd about it that I couldn't quite put my finger on. Then I read an interview in which he admitted he was tone deaf." Heinrich von Kleist is influential, Banville having written adaptations of three of his plays (including ""), as well as using the myth of Amphitryon as a basis for his novel "The Infinities".


title: John Banville

text: Banville has said that he imitated James Joyce as a boy: "After I'd read The "Dubliners", and was struck at the way Joyce wrote about real life, I immediately started writing bad imitations of The "Dubliners."" "The Guardian" reports: "Banville himself has acknowledged that all Irish writers are followers of either Joyce or Beckett — and he places himself in the Beckett camp." He has also acknowledged other influences. During a 2011 interview on the program "Charlie Rose", Rose asked, "The guiding light has always been Henry James?" and Banville replied, "I think so, I mean people say, you know, I've been influenced by Beckett or Nabokov but it's always been Henry James ... so I would follow him, I would be a Jamesian." Meanwhile, in a 2012 interview with Noah Charney, Banville cited W. B. Yeats and Henry James as the two real influences on his work. Responding to the suggestion that Fyodor Dostoevsky and Albert Camus were worthy comparisons, Banville said: "Dostoyevsky is such a bad writer it is hard to take him seriously... Ditto Camus".


title: John Banville

text: He considers himself to be "incurably terrified of air travel", fearing "the plane going down amid the terrible shrieking of engines and passengers".


title: John Banville

text: He is in favour of women's rights and has welcomed the gradual freedom that has come about in his native land during his lifetime, over the course of which Ireland changed from a country dominated by Roman Catholic ideology, where women were trapped in the home with little career opportunities and subject to restrictions on the availability of contraception, to a country where the position of women became more valued and where one woman could succeed another woman as the country's President, a role previously the exclusive preserve of men. On women in his own writing, Banville told Niamh Horan of the "Sunday Independent" in 2012: "I don't make a distinction between men and women. To me they are just people". Horan herself noted Banville's "special flair for writing about women and delving into the female psyche".


title: John Banville

text: Banville contributed the introduction to Edna O'Brien's "The Love Object: Selected Stories", praising her as "one of the most sophisticated writers now at work" and noting how it was "hard to think of any contemporary writer who could match [O'Brien's] combination of immediacy and sympathetic recall". He noted how "striking" is the figuring of O'Brien's characters and acknowledged that all her characters "are in some way damaged by the world, and specifically by the world of men". Banville concluded by describing O'Brien as "simply one of the finest writers of our time".


title: John Banville

text: Banville dedicated himself to the task of writing the screenplay for an adaptation of Elizabeth Bowen's novel "The Last September". Bowen's work was largely neglected at the time; Vintage published new editions of each of Bowen's novels and Hermione Lee's biography of her to coincide with its release. Banville later wrote the introduction for her "Collected Stories".


title: John Banville

text: Close to the literary editor Caroline Walsh, Banville spoke of his devastation upon learning of her death. He dedicated "Ancient Light" to her. Likewise, Banville was close to Eileen Battersby, at whose funeral he was moved to tears whilst reciting a poem in her memory.


title: John Banville

text: Speaking to Niamh Horan in 2012, Banville related his thoughts on hurt and responsibility: "To hurt other people is the worst thing you can do. To be hurt oneself is bad enough, but hurting other people is unforgivable... Unforgivable. Literally unforgivable. I think that one has to take responsibility for one's life and one has to take responsibility for one's bad deeds as well as one's good deeds. One has to, as I say, be responsible... Failure in art, or failure in making a living, or a success — none of them compares, everything pales beside hurting other people, because, you know, we are here for such a short time and basic life itself is so hard one has a duty to try to be decent to other people".


title: John Banville

text: Ben, a labrador, lived until the age of 11 before succumbing to cancer at Christmas 1980. Decades later Banville still regarded Ben as "a lost friend, and every few months he ambles into one of my dreams, snuffling and sighing and obviously wondering why there are no more walks. This may sound sentimental, but it does not feel that way".


title: John Banville

text: On 21 August 2017, the RTÉ Radio 1 weekday afternoon show "Liveline" was discussing a report on Trinity College Dublin's use of 100,000 animals to conduct scientific research over the previous four years when a listener pointed out that Banville had previously raised the matter but been ignored. Banville personally telephoned "Liveline" to call the practice "absolutely disgraceful" and told the tale of how he had come upon some women protesting: Asked if he received any other support for his stance in the letter he sent to "The Irish Times", he replied: This for Banville was a rare intervention of its kind, revealing to the public a different side — as he acknowledged when the presenter asked him if he had a history of objecting to activities such as blood sport: When the subject of eating meat was raised, Banville responded: "I don't".


title: John Banville

text: Banville wrote a letter in 1981 to "The Guardian" suggesting that the Booker Prize, for which he was "runner-up to the shortlist of contenders", be given to him so that he could use the money to buy every copy of the longlisted books in Ireland and donate them to libraries, "thus ensuring that the books not only are bought but also read – surely a unique occurrence".


title: John Banville

text: When his novel "The Book of Evidence" was shortlisted for the 1989 Booker Prize, Banville said a friend — whom he described as "a gentleman of the turf" — instructed him "to bet on the other five shortlistees, saying it was a sure thing, since if I won the prize I would have the prize-money, and if I lost one of the others would win ... But the thing baffled me and I never placed the bets. I doubt I'll be visiting Ladbrokes any time soon".


title: John Banville

text: Banville was not shortlisted for the Booker Prize again until 2005 when his novel "The Sea" was selected. "The Sea" was in contention alongside novels written by Julian Barnes, Sebastian Barry, Kazuo Ishiguro, Ali Smith and Zadie Smith. The chairman of the judges was John Sutherland. Earlier that year Sutherland had written approvingly of Ian McEwan's novel "Saturday." Banville, however, dismissed the work in "The New York Review of Books" and expressed his dismay that McEwan was increasingly showing "a disturbing tendency toward mellowness". Anne Haverty later described Banville's critique of "Saturday" as "devastatingly effective". Sutherland sent a letter (signed with the title "Lord Northcliffe Professor Emeritus") in response to Banville's review, a letter in which he took Banville to task over his misreading of a game of squash in the novel. Banville issued a written reply with the opening line: "Summoned, one shuffles guiltily into the Department of Trivia", before begging Sutherland's pardon for his "sluggish comprehension" after managing to make his way through "all seventeen pages" of the game. Banville later admitted that, upon reading Sutherland's letter, he had thought: "[W]ell, I can kiss the Booker goodbye".


title: John Banville

text: At the award ceremony, BBC Two's Kirsty Wark quizzed "Financial Times" arts editor Jan Dalley, the "Independent on Sunday" literary editor Suzi Feay and "The Observer" literary editor Robert McCrum. Banville, Barry and Ali Smith were dismissed outright and much of the discussion focused on Barnes, Ishiguro and Zadie Smith. In the end, the judges' vote was split between Banville and Ishiguro, with Rick Gekoski one of those favouring Banville. It fell to Sutherland to cast the winning vote; he did so in favour of Banville. Banville later said: "I have not been the most popular person in London literary circles over the past half-year. And I think it was very large of Sutherland to cast the winning vote in my favour".


title: John Banville

text: When the prize rules later changed to allow entries by American writers, Banville welcomed the idea. However, he later expressed regret over the decision: "The prize was unique in its original form, but has lost that uniqueness. It is now just another prize among prizes. I am convinced the administrators should take the bold step of conceding the change was wrong, and revert".


title: John Banville

text: In 2011, Banville was awarded the Franz Kafka Prize. Marcel Reich-Ranicki and John Calder featured on the jury. Banville described the award as "one of the ones one really wants to get. It's an old style prize and as an old codger it's perfect for me ... I've been wrestling with Kafka since I was an adolescent" and said his bronze statuette trophy "will glare at me from the mantelpiece".


title: John Banville

text: On the day that the 2019 and 2018 prizes were to be announced, the Swedish Academy's number appeared on Banville's telephone. A man purporting to be Permanent Secretary of the Swedish Academy Mats Malm told him he had won and even read out the customary citation and asked if he would prefer to be designated the 2018 or 2019 laureate. Banville was attending a physiotherapy appointment at the time and was lying face down on a couch when the call came. He had, however, retained a mobile telephone nearby, should he be contacted to give his view on a possible Irish winner. He informed his daughter; she called her father back while watching the live announcement at midday to tell him his name had not been mentioned. Banville telephoned everyone he had spoken to in the intervening period to tell them: "Don’t buy the champagne, stop throwing your hats in the air".


title: John Banville

text: After the announcement, a voicemail to Banville (from the man posing as Malm) claimed the Swedish Academy had withdrawn his prize due to a disagreement. Banville felt sorry for the man purporting to be Malm: "He certainly sounded upset, he was a very good actor". But he then compared the speaker with a YouTube recording of the real Malm, at which point he realised that the speaker's voice was deeper than Malm, and Malm had a better grasp of English. However, when Banville rang the number back, he found himself in contact with the offices of the Swedish Academy. No sentient being spoke.


title: John Banville

text: Banville called upon the Swedish Academy to investigate the incident "because I don't think the hoax was aimed at me, I think it was aimed at damaging the Academy or one or two members of the Academy". He described himself as "collateral damage". When informed of the incident, the real Malm said: "It sounds like a bad joke". Fellow Academy member Per Wästberg also thought it sounded like a "joke". Banville later elaborated on the experience: "I have the distinct impression that I wasn’t the target of this really. I think he assumed that I would believe him and that I would make a big fuss in the newspapers and say this is another dispute within the jury. I think that's what he expected me to do because that would embarrass the Academy. Specifically he was talking about some woman on it who was deeply into gender studies. So I suspect it was her that was the target. It wasn't done for fun. It has the hallmarks of a man with a grudge. Not a grudge against me". Banville provided the recording to the Swedish Academy to assist its investigation.


title: John Banville

text: Banville responded well in spite the hoax; he was described in the "Sunday Independent" as being "as dignified and eloquent as ever in the face of a disappointment that made headlines around the world" and told "The Observer": "There is some comedy in it and potential material: 'The man who nearly won the Nobel prize'". Media in Ireland described the trick played on Banville as "cruel", while media in neighbouring England described it as "deceitful". He received numerous sympathetic emails and telephone calls and support from fellow writers.


title: Govinda Naam Mera

text: Govinda Naam Mera () is a 2022 Indian Hindi-language comedy thriller film written and directed by Shashank Khaitan and produced by Karan Johar, Apoorva Mehta and Shashank Khaitan under the banner Dharma Productions, in association with Viacom18 Studios.The film stars Vicky Kaushal, Bhumi Pednekar and Kiara Advani. It was premiered on 16 December 2022 on Disney+ Hotstar.


title: Govinda Naam Mera

text: Govind "Govinda" Waghmare aka Govya/Govindya, works as a backup dancer for films in Mumbai, and wishes to be a choreographer someday. He has a bitter relationship with his wife Gauri, and wants to divorce her, to be with his girlfriend Suku who is also a dancer. Gauri demands that in order to divorce her, he would first have to pay her ₹2 crores, returning the amount paid to him in dowry at the time of their marriage. Gauri has a boyfriend named Baldev, who is an insurance agent.


title: Govinda Naam Mera

text: Govinda's father, Gopi Vishwakarma, was a famous action director and his mother, Asha Waghmare, was a backup dancer. They fell in love while working together in films and got married. When Govinda was little, Gopi died in an accident and Charulata and Vishu Vishwakarma, Gopi's wife and son from his first marriage, claim that they are the rightful owner of the bungalow which Gopi had left for Govinda and Asha in his will. The Vishwakarma family claim that Gopi's marriage with Asha was a sham and was just part of a film shooting. It has led to a long running legal dispute between the two families over ownership of the bungalow. Asha has been pretending to be paralyzed and wheelchair-bound in order to gain sympathy and move the case in their favour.


title: Govinda Naam Mera

text: Govinda thinks of killing Gauri and takes a gun from Inspector Javed, an old friend of Gopi's, but he cannot muster the courage to kill her. Javed demands ₹2 lakhs for the gun but Govinda is unable to pay him and gets threatened by him regularly. Govinda and Suku get an opportunity to choreograph a music video for the rich producer Ajit Dharkar's drug-addicted son Sandeep aka Sandy. The music video is made, but Govinda and Suku have more screen time in it compared to Sandy, which angers Ajit and he demands that they repay him ₹30 lakhs, which was the amount spent in making the song.


title: Govinda Naam Mera

text: Sometime later, Govinda finds Sandy injured in his car post an accident. With him being unconscious, Govinda finds and steals drugs from his car, which are worth crores of rupees and Suku suggests they sell them. They both go to Govinda's house and are shocked to find Gauri lying dead on the floor, seemingly murdered. They are clueless as to who may have killed her, and bury her in the garden outside the house, removing all other evidence. The next morning, Manju, the maidservant discovers a piece of broken glass on the floor with blood stains on it. She suspects Govinda for killing Gauri and reports it to Inspector Javed.


title: Govinda Naam Mera

text: It is revealed that Suku had been working for Vishnu and passing on information to him which would help him in the case regarding the bungalow. Baldev confronts Govinda and says that he suspects him for killing Gauri as he knows that she had made a life insurance worth ₹2 crores with Govinda as the nominee, and he says that he knew nothing about it. On their lawyer Kaustabh's suggestion, Govinda and Asha decide to sell the bungalow to the Vishwakarma family for ₹2 crores and settle somewhere else. Meanwhile, Sandy is shocked to find the drugs missing from his car. Ajit receives an anonymous tip that Govinda has the drugs, and has him detained by the police, along with everyone else who knows him.


title: Govinda Naam Mera

text: The police search for the drugs at his house, but cannot find them. On being questioned, Suku says that Govinda has murdered Gauri and buried her. The police dig up the ground outside the house but cannot find Gauri's body, which leaves Suku shocked. Moreover, Govinda unexpectedly claims that him and Gauri are already divorced and he doesn't know of her whereabouts. Some of the drugs are surprisingly found at Inspector Javed's house, leading the police to believe that he had stolen it. The Vishwakarma family, after acquiring the bungalow, finds out that Gopi had illegally acquired the land in which it was built and that a school will be built there. This creates problems for them as they have already sold the bungalow to a real estate developer for ₹150 crores. A raid is conducted at Ajit's house and on finding more drugs in his possession, the police detain him.


title: Govinda Naam Mera

text: Six months later, Suku, Vishnu and Charulata receive a call from Govinda to come and meet him in Thailand. On reaching there, they are shocked to find Govinda living a luxurious life, along with Asha and Gauri, who is alive. Govinda reveals that he had found out that Suku had betrayed him and was working for Vishnu. He, along with Gauri and Asha, had made an elaborate plan in which they would fake Gauri's death to get the insurance money, steal and sell the drugs from Sandy by framing Inspector Javed, and sell the bungalow for a hefty sum, fully aware that it was illegally acquired. Baldev and Kaustabh were also in on the plan and had received their respective shares. The film ends with Suku, Vishnu and Charulata falling unconscious as their drinks were drugged, and Govinda and the others walking off, laughing.


title: Govinda Naam Mera

text: It was announced in January 2020 that Karan Johar and Shashank Khaitan were set to come together again after several collaborations for a spy comedy titled "Mr. Lele" starring Varun Dhawan, Bhumi Pednekar and Janhvi Kapoor. A first look poster was later released featuring Dhawan. However, the project was shelved a few months later due to the COVID-19 pandemic in India. In January 2021, the film was revived with Pednekar rejoining the cast, Vicky Kaushal replacing Dhawan and Kiara Advani replacing Kapoor.


title: Govinda Naam Mera

text: Principal photography of the film begun in Mumbai in March 2021. Filming was halted for several weeks in April when both Kaushal and Pednekar tested positive for COVID-19 in the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic. Shoot resumed in June 2021. A song from the film was shot during the end of August 2021 on board the Roll-on/roll-off to Alibaug. Several scenes featuring Kaushal and Advani were also filmed in Pondicherry.


title: Govinda Naam Mera

text: The music of the film is composed by Meet Bros, Tanishk Bagchi, B Praak, Sachin–Jigar and Rochak Kohli.


title: Govinda Naam Mera

text: The song "Kyaa Baat Haii 2.0" was recreated from the 2018 track "Kya Baat Ay" which was sung by Harrdy Sandhu, written by Jaani and composed by B Praak.


title: Govinda Naam Mera

text: In November 2021, Karan Johar announced the film with the new current title as well as three character posters which introduced Kaushal as Govinda Waghmare, Pednekar as his wife and Advani as his girlfriend. In August 2022, it was announced that the film was heading for a streaming release on Disney+ Hotstar sometime in November 2022, with the film's digital and satellite rights being sold to the Disney Star network for ₹62 crores. The film was premiered on 16 December 2022 on Disney+ Hotstar.


title: Federalism in India

text: Federalism in India refers to relationship between the Central Government and the State governments of India. The Constitution of India establishes the structure of the Indian government. of the Indian constitution specifies the distribution of legislative, administrative and executive powers between the union government and the States of India. The legislative powers are categorised under a Union List, a State List and a Concurrent List, representing, respectively, the powers conferred upon the Union government, those conferred upon the State governments and powers shared among them.


title: Federalism in India

text: This federalism is symmetrical in that the devolved powers of the constituent units are envisioned to be the same. Historically, the state of Jammu and Kashmir was accorded a status different from other States owing to an explicitly temporary provision of the Indian Constitution namely Article 370 (which was revoked by the Parliament in 2019). Union territories are unitary type, directly governed by the Union government. of the constitution stipulates two tier-governance with an additional local elected government. Delhi and Puducherry were accorded legislatures under Article 239AA and 239A, respectively.


title: Federalism in India

text: The division of powers are defined by the constitution and the legislative powers are divided into three lists:


title: Federalism in India

text: Union List consists of 100 items (earlier 97) on which the parliament has exclusive power to legislate. This includes: defense, armed forces, arms and ammunition, atomic energy, foreign affairs, war and peace, citizenship, extradition, railways, shipping and navigation, airways, posts and telegraphs, telephones, wireless and broadcasting, currency, foreign trade, inter-state trade and commerce, banking, insurance, control of industries, regulation and development of mines, mineral and oil resources, elections, audit of Government accounts, constitution and organisation of the Supreme Court, High courts and union public service commission, income tax, customs and export duties, duties of excise, corporation tax, taxes on the capital value of assets, estate duty and terminal taxes.


title: Federalism in India

text: State List consists of 61 items (earlier 66 items). Uniformity is desirable but not essential on items in this list: maintaining law and order, police forces, healthcare, transport, land policies, electricity in the state, village administration, etc. The state legislature has exclusive power to make laws on these subjects. In certain circumstances, the parliament can make laws on subjects mentioned in the State List, but to do so the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) must pass a resolution with a two-thirds majority that it is expedient to legislate in the national interest.


title: Federalism in India

text: Though states have exclusive powers to legislate with regards to items on the State List, articles 249, 250, 252, and 253 mention situations in which the Union government can legislate.


title: Federalism in India

text: Concurrent List consists of 52 (earlier 47) items. Uniformity is desirable but not essential on items in this list. The list mentions: marriage and divorce, transfer of property other than agricultural land, education, contracts, bankruptcy and insolvency, trustees and trusts, civil procedure, contempt of court, adulteration of foodstuffs, drugs and poisons, economic and social planning, trade unions, labour welfare, electricity, newspapers, books and printing press NS stamp duties.


title: Federalism in India

text: Subjects not mentioned in any of the three lists are known as residuary subjects. However, many provisions in the constitution outside these lists permit parliament or state Legislative assembly to legislate. Excluding the provisions of the constitution outside these lists per , the power to legislate on such subjects, rests with the parliament exclusively per Article 248. Parliament shall legislate on residuary subjects following the Article 368 procedure as constitutional amendments.


title: Federalism in India

text: In case the above lists are to be expanded or amended, the legislation should be done by the Parliament under its constituent power per with ratification by the majority of the states. Federalism is part of the basic structure of the Indian constitution which cannot be altered or destroyed through constitutional amendments under the constituent powers of the Parliament without undergoing judicial review by the Supreme Court.


title: Federalism in India

text: The Union and States have independent executive staffs controlled by their respective governments. In legislative and administrative matters, the union government cannot overrule the constitutional rights/powers of a state government except when presidential rule is declared in a State. The Union's duty is to ensure that the government of every State is carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution as per and . The State governments cannot violate the Central laws in administrative matters. When a State violates the Constitution, Presidential rule can be imposed under Article 356 and the President takes over the State’s administration with "ex post facto" consent of the Parliament per Article 357.


title: Federalism in India

text: Article 282 accords financial autonomy in spending financial resources available to the states for public purpose. allows States to borrow without limit without consent from the Union government. However, the Union government can insist upon compliance with its loan terms when a state has outstanding loans charged to the consolidated fund of India or a federally-guaranteed loan.


title: Federalism in India

text: The President of India constitutes a Finance Commission every five years to recommend devolution of Union revenues to State governments.


title: Federalism in India

text: Under , the President can proclaim a financial emergency when the financial stability or credit of the nation or of any part of its territory is threatened. However, no guidelines define "financial emergency" for the country or a state or union territory or a panchayat or a municipality or a corporation.


title: Federalism in India

text: An emergency like this must be approved by the Parliament within two months by a simple majority and has never been declared. A state of financial emergency remains in force indefinitely until revoked by the President. The President can reduce the salaries of all government officials, including judges of the supreme court and high courts, in cases of a financial emergency. All money bills passed by the state legislatures are submitted to the President for approval. He can direct the state to observe economy measures.


title: Federalism in India

text: States can make agreements among themselves. When a dispute arises with other states or union territory or the union government, the Supreme Court adjudicates per Article 131. However, Article 262 excludes Supreme Court jurisdiction with respect to the adjudication of disputes in the use, distribution or control of interstate river waters.


title: Federalism in India

text: Under the President can establish an interstate council to coordinate/resolve disputes between states and the Union. States have their own jurisdiction.


title: Federalism in India

text: The recent experience of the successful implementation of indirect tax reforms in India shows that a dominant ruling party can adopt a concessionary approacroach to resolve disputes amicably, rather than attempting to over-awe the states or impose its will on the units. This has been called concessionary federalism.


title: Federalism in India

text: According to Kumarasingham, there are three distinctive features of India's federalism. First, its origins in Partition and the Princely States. Second, its constitutional power over the borders. Third, its early compromise of different cultural elements in the first decade.


title: Federalism in India

text: says that India is a Union of States as elaborated under Parts and of the Constitution. Article 1 (3) says territories of India constitute states, union territories and other acquired territories. The concept of union territory was established by the Seventh Amendment.


title: Federalism in India

text: The state of Jammu and Kashmir had (until it was abolished by Union Government on 5 August 2019) a separate set of applicable laws under Article 370 a temporary article of the Constitution of India , read with Application to Jammu and Kashmir Order, 1954 (Appendix I and II). Only matters related to defense, foreign relations, and communications of Jammu and Kashmir were under the jurisdiction of Union government. Laws enacted by the Parliament of India (including amendments to the constitution) applicable to rest of India were not valid in Jammu and Kashmir unless ratified by its state assembly. The Government of India could declare a state of emergency in Jammu and Kashmir and impose Governor's rule in certain conditions. The state had its own constitution other than applicable Indian constitution. Part XII of the Jammu and Kashmir state constitution made provision to amend its constitution with a two-thirds majority by the state assembly. Part VI (The states) and Part XIV (Services) of the Indian constitution were not applicable to Jammu and Kashmir per and .


title: Federalism in India

text: On 5 August 2019, the Government of India, by the powers vested in it by Constitution of India, passed a motion to dissolve Article 370 of the Constitution of India for the state of Jammu and Kashmir, and bifurcated the state into two Union Territories – Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh by introducing the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act in the Parliament of India.


title: Federalism in India

text: of the constitution says India shall be a union of states. The amended (in 1956) Article 3, allows the union government power with the prior consent of the President (common head of states and union governments) to (a) form a new state/UT by separating a territory of any state, or by uniting two or more states/UTs or parts of states/UTs, or by uniting any territory to a part of any state/UT; (b) the power to establish new states/UT (which were not previously under India's territory) which were not in existence before.


title: Federalism in India

text: Appointment of governors is the responsibility of the Central government through the President. Governors are generally not residents of the state.


title: Federalism in India

text: Should the constitutional machinery in a state break down, Article 356 allows a state of emergency that dissolves the state government and establishes Presidential rule. No emergency at the centre can dissolve the Union government. Misuse of Article 356 was rampant in the decades following its adoption, during the Indira Gandhi era. In 1991 the Supreme court passed a landmark judgement acknowledging misuse of the article and establishing principles for the Union government to follow before a state emergency can be invoked.


title: Federalism in India

text: The Lieutenant Governors of Union Territories of India are designed as administrators and are appointed by the President on the advice of the Union government. Lieutenant Governors can override local government policies only after taking parliament consent.


title: Federalism in India

text: States are at liberty to manage their finances as long as that does not lead to financial emergency as per Article 360. The Government of India is trying to impose uniform taxation throughout India and to take over states' tax collection mechanisms without regard to the impacts on individual states. Recently the Supreme Court upheld the constitutional right of states to impose an Entry Tax which is against the principle of a general sales tax (GST). However, the coordination dilemma, which had plagued the indirect tax reform process since 1991, has been resolved by deploying a mechanism called 'concessionary federalism' characterized by making reciprocal concessions and compromises as midpoints of competing claims.


title: Federalism in India

text: Control of industries, which was a subject in the concurrent list in the 1935 act, was transferred to the Union List. The Union government in 1952 introduced the freight equalization policy that damaged many Indian states, including West Bengal, Bihar (including present-day Jharkhand), Madhya Pradesh (including present-day Chhattisgarh), and Orissa. These states lost their competitive advantage of holding mineral resources, as factories could now operate anywhere in India. This was not the case in the pre-independence era when business houses such as the Tatas and the Dalmias set up industries in these states, and most of the engineering industry was located in West Bengal. Following the end of the policy in the early 1990s, these states did not catch up with more industrialized states. In 1996, the Commerce & Industry Minister of West Bengal complained that "the removal of the freight equalisation and licensing policies cannot compensate for the ill that has already been done".


title: Federalism in India

text: National laws permit a private/public limited company to raise loans internally and externally to its capacity. The Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003 limits state borrowing even when they have not defaulted/faced a financial emergency. The employees' salary and pension expenditure of many state governments exceed their total revenue, without the President declaring a financial emergency. Article 47 of prohibits intoxicating drinks that are injurious to health but is not enforced. Instead many states promote and tax liquor sales.


title: Federalism in India

text: The government is devolving central funds to the states under specific schemes (NREGA, etc.) whose implementation by the states is controversially subject to government approval, which violates Article 282. The controversy arises from the fact that the grants for centrally sponsored schemes and central plan schemes are under the ruling party's control and discretion. The empirical research shows that a general tendency is to direct grants to states which are politically important rather than to those states which are in need or where poor people are concentrated. This has been described as an instance of pork-barrel politics in India. In order to achieve partisan goals, the union government designs the nomenclature of the welfare schemes in a way that projects the prime minister's party as the source of these welfare schemes.


title: National Enquirer

text: The National Enquirer is an American tabloid newspaper. Founded in 1926, the newspaper has undergone a number of changes over the years.


title: National Enquirer

text: The "National Enquirer" openly acknowledges that it pays sources for tips, a common practice in tabloid journalism that results in conflicts of interest. It has also been embroiled in several controversies related to its catch and kill practices and allegations of blackmail. It has struggled with declining circulation figures because of competition from other glossy tabloid publications.


title: National Enquirer

text: In May 2014, American Media announced a decision to shift the headquarters of the "National Enquirer" from Florida, where it had been located since 1971, back to New York City, where it originally began as The New York Enquirer in 1926.


title: National Enquirer

text: On April 10, 2019, Chatham Asset Management, which had acquired control of 80 percent of AMI's stock, forced AMI to sell the "National Enquirer". This came after Chatham owner Anthony Melchiorre, whom AMI has also relied on for survival, expressed dismay of the tabloid magazine's recent scandals regarding hush money assistance to U.S. President Donald Trump's 2016 campaign and blackmail of Jeff Bezos. On April 18, 2019, AMI agreed to sell the "National Enquirer" to Hudson Group. Pending bankruptcy, Chatham will again become majority shareholder of the paper.


title: National Enquirer

text: In 1926, William Griffin, a protégé of William Randolph Hearst, founded the paper as "The New York Evening Enquirer", a Sunday afternoon broadsheet newspaper distributed throughout New York City, using money lent to Griffin by Hearst. It made its debut on September 19, 1926. As partial payment of his loan, Hearst asked Griffin to use the "Enquirer" as a proving ground for new ideas. Hearst took the ideas that worked in his successful publications; the less successful ideas stayed with the "Enquirer", and as a result the "Enquirer"s sales never soared. During the 1930s and 1940s, it became a voice for isolationism and pro-fascist propaganda. The paper was indicted along with Griffin under the Smith Act for sedition by a grand jury in 1942 for subverting the morale of US troops through Griffin's editorials against US military involvement in World War II. The charges were later dropped.


title: National Enquirer

text: By 1952, when the paper's circulation had fallen to 17,000 copies a week, it was purchased by Generoso Pope Jr., the son of Generoso Pope, the founder of "Il Progresso", New York's Italian language daily newspaper. Pope's son Paul alleged that Luciano crime family boss Frank Costello provided Pope the money for the purchase in exchange for the "Enquirer"s promise to list lottery numbers and to refrain from any mention of Mafia activities.


title: National Enquirer

text: In 1953, Pope revamped the format from a broadsheet to a sensationalist tabloid. The paper's editorial content became so salacious that New York Mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr. forced Griffin to resign from the city's Board of Higher Education in 1954. In 1957, Pope changed the name of the newspaper to "The National Enquirer" and changed its scope to national stories of sex and scandal. Pope worked tirelessly in the 1950s and 1960s to increase the circulation and broaden the tabloid's appeal. In the late 1950s and through most of the 1960s, the publication was known for its gory and unsettling headlines and stories such as: "I Cut Out Her Heart and Stomped on It" (September 8, 1963) and "Mom Boiled Her Baby and Ate Her" (1962). At this time the paper was sold on newsstands and in drugstores only. Pope stated he got the idea for the format and these gory stories from seeing people congregate around auto accidents. By 1966, circulation had risen to one million.


title: National Enquirer

text: Pope pioneered the practice of selling magazines at supermarket checkouts. To gain access to the supermarkets, Pope completely changed the format of the paper in late 1967 by dropping all the gore and violence to focus on more benign topics like celebrities, the occult and UFOs.


title: National Enquirer

text: In 1971, Pope moved the headquarters from New York to Lantana, Florida. In 1974, "The National Enquirer" began running Bill Hoest's "Bumper Snickers", a cartoon series about cars and drivers, collected by Signet into a paperback reprint two years later.


title: National Enquirer

text: The death of Elvis Presley was the first show business news story that provided the "Enquirer" with ongoing opportunities to investigate offshoots of the breaking story. Items that followed up on Presley's death included a color photograph of his body in an open coffin, a description of nine-year-old Lisa Presley’s shock and grief over the loss of her father and reports of his pharmaceutical drug abuse, autopsy results and malpractice claims against the doctor who had supplied him with the drugs. These reports appeared in nearly every issue of the "Enquirer" for more than two years.


title: National Enquirer

text: During most of the 1970s and 1980s, "The National Enquirer" sponsored the placement of the largest decorated Christmas tree in the world at its Lantana, Florida headquarters in what became an annual tradition. A tree was shipped in mid-autumn from the Pacific Northwest by rail and off-loaded by crane onto the adjacent base of "The National Enquirer" property. Every night during the Christmas season, thousands of visitors would come to see the tree. This would grow into one of South Florida's most celebrated and spectacular events. Although tremendously expensive, this was Pope's "Pet Project" and his "Christmas present" to the local community. The tradition ended when he died in 1988.


title: National Enquirer

text: By this time, "The National Enquirer"s parent company American Media had acquired publications and companies including "Weekly World News", and Distribution Services, Inc. The surviving owners, including Pope's widow, Lois, sold the company to a partnership of Macfadden Publishing and Boston Ventures for $412 million. Soon after, the company bought the publication's main competition, "Star" magazine, from Rupert Murdoch. The combined interests were controlled by a newly formed company, American Media Inc (AMI). In 1999, the paper relocated south again, but this time only 15 miles to Boca Raton, Florida.


title: National Enquirer

text: In 2001 in Boca Raton, Florida, Bob Stevens—a photo editor at "Sun", a sister publication under the "National Enquirer"'s parent company, AMI—was exposed to a letter with anthrax spores and was the first person to die as a result of the 2001 anthrax attacks. The entire AMI office complex in Boca Raton was closed, and remained fenced off for two years after the attack; AMI moved its headquarters to another building in Boca Raton.


title: National Enquirer

text: During the same episode, another AMI staffer, Ernesto Blanco, was hospitalized with symptoms of exposure to anthrax bacteria. "The 73-year-old mailroom worker nearly died of inhalation anthrax, but has since recovered," the "New York Post" reported November 9, 2001, in an article titled: "AMERICAN Media head honcho David Pecker is off his Cipro."


title: National Enquirer

text: In August 2008, in an interview with ABC News, former Presidential candidate John Edwards admitted to having an extramarital affair with Rielle Hunter but denied fathering her child. Edwards had earlier made false denials of the affair which was first reported by the "National Enquirer". In October 2007, the publication ran a story about the 2006 affair with Hunter, a filmmaker hired by the Edwards political team, although Edwards dismissed the story as "completely untrue, ridiculous" and "false." In July 2008, the publication ran an article claiming to have caught the former North Carolina Senator visiting Hunter, and their alleged illegitimate child at a hotel in Los Angeles. Fox News interviewed an unnamed security guard who claimed to have witnessed a confrontation between Edwards and the tabloid's members of staff.


title: National Enquirer

text: In 2010 there was some speculation that the "Enquirer" might receive a Pulitzer Prize for its investigation of Edwards. Donald Trump said that the paper should be "respected" for its investigation, and questioned why it was not given the award. The "San Francisco Examiner" wrote, "It galls most mainstream newspaper editors that a tawdry tabloid could be considered for their most vaunted prize. It's like nominating a porn flick for an Oscar."


title: National Enquirer

text: The "National Enquirer" claimed to have an exclusive account of the pregnancy of Bristol Palin, the daughter of Sarah Palin, then governor of Alaska and Republican candidate for Vice President in the 2008 election:


title: National Enquirer

text: The title also published an allegation that Palin had an affair with her husband's business partner, Brad Hanson.


title: National Enquirer

text: Answering John McCain's threat of a lawsuit, a spokesman for the "National Enquirer", in a statement to "The Huffington Post", declared:


title: National Enquirer

text: Columnist Mike Walker, in an interview with the UK newspaper "Metro", said, "The OJ Simpson trial – "The New York Times" referred to us as the bible of the case – The Hugh Rodham/Clinton pardon scandal, Jesse Jackson's love child and, of course, we solved the murder of Bill Cosby's son. The LA police chief had to get up at a press conference and say: 'We have just arrested a suspect for the murder of Ennis Cosby going on information we are very confident about and this is in great part due to help from "The National Enquirer".' I was on the phone in a heartbeat to my editor to find out how we got them to say that. Turns out it was 'either say it or we will not lead you to where the gun is hidden in the woods wrapped in the famous knitted cap'."


title: National Enquirer

text: The "National Enquirer" enthusiastically endorsed Donald Trump for the 2016 presidential election and published numerous stories promoting his candidacy and denigrating his opponents. During the Republican presidential primaries in March 2016, the title ran a story alleging that "political operatives" were investigating whether candidate Ted Cruz, a U.S. Senator from Texas, engaged in extramarital affairs. Cruz denied it and said that Trump had used his connections to persuade the "Enquirer" to publish the story. Trump denied involvement.


title: National Enquirer

text: The "National Enquirer" ran another story in April 2016, suggesting that Cruz's father, Rafael Cruz, knew JFK assassin Lee Harvey Oswald and worked with Oswald in New Orleans a few months before the assassination.


title: National Enquirer

text: The "National Enquirer" received, and refused to publish a story from Karen McDougal about an alleged affair she had with Trump in 2006 and, in 2016 as his presidential campaign advanced, paid McDougal $150,000 for, among other items, "exclusive life rights to any relationship she has had with a then-married man." "The Wall Street Journal" said that the tabloid had paid McDougal hush money and was using the purchase and refusal to publish the story to protect Trump (a technique known as catch and kill), an allegation the publication denied. In February 2018, after a similar situation involving Stormy Daniels (not involving the "National Enquirer") was confirmed, McDougal confirmed her story to Ronan Farrow for "The New Yorker", stating that the "National Enquirer" had loosened the terms of the contract after Trump was elected but that she was unsure of how much she could discuss under the terms of the agreement. The publication had also paid $30,000 to an employee at one of Trump's hotels who claimed that Trump fathered a child out of wedlock during the 1980s; the payment came in November 2015, before the paper publicly endorsed Trump, and according to reports in "The New Yorker", the title's staff was investigating the story and preparing to publish the employee's claims before "National Enquirer" owner David Pecker personally quashed it.


title: National Enquirer

text: In late 2015, the parent company of the "National Enquirer", American Media, Inc., paid $30,000 to Dino Sajudin, a doorman at Trump Tower, to obtain the rights to his story in which he alleged Donald Trump had an affair in the 1980s that resulted in the birth of a child. Sajudin in April 2018 identified the woman as Trump’s former housekeeper. AMI reporters were given the names of the woman and the alleged child, while Sajudin passed a lie detector test when testifying that he had heard the story from others. Shortly after the payment was made, Pecker ordered the reporters to drop the story. In April 2018, AMI chief content officer Dylan Howard denied the story was “spiked” in a so-called “catch and kill” operation, insisting that AMI did not run the story because Sajudin‘s story lacked credibility. CNN obtained a copy of the contract between AMI and Sajudin on August 24, 2018, after AMI had released Sajudin from the contract. CNN published excerpts of the contract, which instructed Sajudin to provide "information regarding Donald Trump's illegitimate child", but did not contain further specifics of Sajudin's story.